Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1575 52740 52523 2026-07-19T00:44:32Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name =Toropo ya Gaborone |nickname = Gabs, GC, Gabz, G-CityG-City,Moshate |named_for = [[Kgosi Gaborone]] |settlement_type |image_skyline = Gaborone Montage.png |imagesize = 250 px |image_caption = From top to bottom: skyline view of Gaborone, statue of [[Seretse Khama]], the city centre of Gaborone, bird's-eye view of Gaborone |map_caption = Location of Gaborone in Botswana |image_map1 = Gaborone 25.92305E 24.68895S.jpg |mapsize1 = 250px |map_caption1 = Satellite image of Gaborone |pushpin_map = Botswana |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = 250 |coordinates_region = BW |subdivision_type = Naga |subdivision_name = {{flag|Botswana}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Dikgaolo tsa Botswana|Kgaolo]] |subdivision_name1 = Gaborone |subdivision_type2 = [[Dikgaolo-potlana tsa Botswana|Kgaolo-potlana]] |subdivision_name2 = Gaborone |government_type = [[City commission government]] |governing_body = [[Gaborone City Council]] |leader_title =Mayor |leader_name =Thata Father Maphongo<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Dikarabo |last=Ramadubu |title=Gaborone Mayor hits the ground running |url=http://www.botswanaguardian.co.bw/news/item/4318-gaborone-mayor-hits-the-ground-running.html |publisher=Botswana Guardian |location=Gaborone, Botswana |date=27 January 2020 |access-date=30 May 2020 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731204710/http://www.botswanaguardian.co.bw/news/item/4318-gaborone-mayor-hits-the-ground-running.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> (BCP) |leader_title1 =[[Deputy Mayor]] |leader_name1 =Seikise "Lotty" Manyepedza<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Mayor and deputy mayor of Gaborone City Council duly sworn in |url=https://www.facebook.com/DumaFM/posts/mayor-and-deputy-mayor-of-gaborone-city-council-duly-sworn-inmayor-his-worship-t/3297956510274486/ |publisher=Duma FM |location=Gaborone, Botswana |date=6 December 2019|access-date=30 May 2020 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> (BCP) |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1964<ref name=history>{{cite web |first=Neil |last=Parsons |title=Botswana History Page 7: Geography |url=http://www.thuto.org/ubh/bw/bhp7.htm |work= Botswana History Pages|publisher=University of Botswana History Department|location= Gaborone, Botswana |date=19 August 1999 |accessdate=4 August 2009}}</ref> |area_magnitude = 1 E+8 |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes =<ref name=BSYB /> |area_total_km2 = 169 |population_as_of = 2011 |population_footnotes =<ref name=2011Census /> |population_total = 231626 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = 421907 |timezone = [[Central Africa Time]] |utc_offset = +2 |timezone_DST = not observed |utc_offset_DST = +2 |latd=24 |latm=39 |lats=29 |latNS=S |longd=25 |longm=54 |longs=44 | longEW=E|coordinates_display=d |elevation_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/BC/09/Gaborone.html|title=Gaborone, Botswana Page|publisher=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc.|access-date=2011-11-03|archive-date=2011-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904191948/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/BC/09/Gaborone.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |elevation_m = 983 |elevation_ft = |area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Botswana|Geographical area code]]<ref>[http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=86 timeanddate.com]</ref><ref>{{Cite book | title =Botswana (country code +267) | url =http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/02/02/T020200001C0001MSWE.doc| author=Botswana Telecommunications Authority|publisher=International Telecommunication Union | accessdate =27 December 2009|date=11 September 2009|format=DOC|work=National Numbering Plans|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5mKyF8Dce|archivedate=27 December 2009}}</ref> |area_code =3XX |iso_code = BW-SE <!-- twins DO NOT DISPLAY CORRECTLY.............................. |twin1 = [[Burbank, California|Burbank]] |twin1_country = {{flag|United States}} |twin2 = [[Zhejiang|Zhejiang Province]] |twin2_country = {{flag|China}} |twin3 = [[Västerås]] |twin3_country = {{flag|Sweden}} ........................................................--> |website = [http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Local-Authorities/Gaborone-City-Council/ Gaborone City Council Website] }} '''Gaborone''',ke toropokgolo ebile e le yone toropo e tona mo Botswana. Pele leina la yone le ne le kwalwa gotwe Gaberones ka nako ya bokolone, ke leina le le santseng le dirisiwa mo dibukeng tse dikgologolo tsa Sekgoa le mo mebepeng. E na le palo ya batho ba le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a mane le borataro, le makgolo a mararo, masome a mabedi le botlhano go ya ka palo batho ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bobedi, se e le sesupo sa gore lesome mo lekgolong la batho botlhe ba Botswana.<ref>Central Statistics Office (January 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160923062237/http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/HouseHold/2006_bdsrprt.pdf "Botswana Demographic Survey 2006"] (PDF). Gaborone, Botswana. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> Mafelo a a mabapi le toropokgolo ke legae la batho ba le dikete di le makgolo a matlhano, masome a mararo le bone, le makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mane le bobedi mo palo bathong ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bobedi.<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/botswana/ "Botswana: Districts, Cities, Towns, Urban Villages & Agglomerations - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information".] ''www.citypopulation.de''. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> Toropo ya Gaborone e agilwe fa gare ga [[thaba ya Kgale]] le [[Oodi]], fa [[Noka ya Notwane|nokeng ya Notwane]], mo borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana, gape e gaufi le molelwane wa [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref name="seth"/> Toropo e e, nale lebala la difofane la [[Sir Seretse Khama International Airport]] kwa difofane di gorogelang teng. Ke kgaolo ya bodiredi le boeteledipele ka bo yone, gape ke motsemogolo wa kgaolo ya metse e e mo borwa botlhaba.<ref>Melao ya Botswana,lephata la selegae.</ref> Banni ba Botswana ba bitsa toropo e ba re ''Gabs'' kana ''Motse-Mshate'' fa ba e boka .<ref name="history1"/> Toropokgolo ya Gaborone e reeletswe ka Kgosi Gaborone wa [[Batlokwa]], o a kileng a laola lefatshe le le mabapi.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220716205038/http://174.127.109.64/en/Map-Gaborone_1577118.html "Map - Gaborone - MAP&#x5B;N&#x5D;ALL.COM"]. ''174.127.109.64''. Archived from the original on 16 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> Ka le ne le sa amangwe le setlhopa sepe sa morafe gape e le gaufi le metsi a a phepa, toropo e diretswe leano la go nna toropokgolo ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a marataro di le fa gare fa lefatshe la Bechuanaland Protectorate le tsaya boipuso.<ref name=":0" /> Mo gare ga toropo e go na le motseletsele wa madirelo a dikgwebo, a a bidiwang "Main Mall" ka lefelo le le ratileng go nna kgolokwe la diofisi tsa puso kwa botlhaba. Toropo e ke nngwe ya ditoropo tse di golang ka lobelo lo lo kwa godimo mo lefatsheng, se se bakile mathata a tlhaelo ya lefatshe le go ipaya mo go seng ka fa molaong. Toropo e e na le dikgotlhang tse di tsenang mo lefatsheng go tswa ko [[Zimbabwe]] le [[Aforika Borwa]] fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgo a robabongwe, le masome a robabobedi. Gaborone ke motsemogolo wa polotiki gape ke toropokgolo ya itsholelo ya Botswana; toropo ya bokopanelo jwa dikomponi le go fetola madi mo Botswana. Gaborone gape ke legae la lekgotla la [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC).<ref>[https://www.sadc.int/about-sadc "Southern African Development Community :: About SADC".] ''www.sadc.int''. Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> Diteme tse di buiwang thata mo torpokgolo di akaretsa [[Setswana]], [[Sekgowa|Sekgoa]], [[Sekalaka|Kalanga]] le [[Sekgalagadi|SeKgalagadi.]] == Ditso == [[File:Stamp Bechuanaland Protectorate 1938 6p.jpg|125px|thumb|left|Setempe sa poso sa 1943 se se balagang "Gaborone's Village"]] [[File:1966 Mayor Gaborone.JPG|125px|thumb|left|Rev. Derek Jones, rratoropo wa ntlha wa Gaborone]] Bosupi bo supa gore go ne go na le banni ba ntlha fa lotshitshing lwa [[noka ya Notwane]]. Mo ditsong tsa gompieno, Kgosi Gaborone o ne a tswa ko Magaliesberg go nna mo lefelong le ka 1880, a bo a bitsa lefelo le a re ''Moshaweng'' . Lefoko ''Gaborone'' ka thaloso le raya gore ''go lekana sentle ga go maswemaswe'' kana ''ga se gore ga le a siama'' .<ref name="tourismboard">{{cite web| url = http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/assests/southern_botswana.pdf| title = Travel Companion - Southern Botswana| work = Travel Companion| publisher = Botswana Tourism Board| format = PDF| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110807162203/http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/assests/southern_botswana.pdf| archivedate = 2011-08-07| accessdate = 2011-05-31| url-status = dead}}</ref> Toropo e e ne ya bidiwa ''Gaberones'' ke banni ba ntlha ba ko Europa.<ref name="lonelyplanet">{{cite book |last1=Hardy |first1=Paula|last2=Firestone |first2=Matthew D. |title=Botswana & Namibia |url=http://books.google.com/?id=HSAs1_B-93YC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA74#v=onepage&q= |accessdate=2009-08-04 |year=2007 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=9781741047608 |chapter=Gaborone |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=HSAs1_B-93YC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA74#v=onepage&q=&f=false |pages=75–88}}</ref> lefoko la Gaberones, le le adimilweng mo '' motseng wa Gaborone'' , o biditswe fa morago ga leina la <ref name="seth"/>kgosi ya BaTlokwa<ref name="seth"/> kgosi Gaborone, yo motse wa gagwe jaanong o bidiwang [[Tlokweng]], o ne o le kakwa ga noka fa goneng ''go na le kago ya ga goromente'' ,leina la bokopanelo jwa ga goromente wa puso ya mmamosadinyana. Leina la go tshameka la, ''GC'' , le tswa mo leineng la ''kampa ya goromente'' .<ref name="history1"/> Ka ngwaga wa 1890, Cecil John Rhodes o ne a tlhopha Gaberones go aga puso ya mmamosadinyana<ref name="history2">{{cite web |title=African cities- Gaborone History |url=http://gaborone.info/php/gabhist.php?name=Gaborone%20History |work=Gaborone.info |publisher=AfricanCities.net |accessdate=2009-08-04 |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721202338/http://gaborone.info/php/gabhist.php?name=Gaborone%20History |url-status=dead }}</ref> lefelo le ke ko Rhodes a nea loga loano la Jameson Raid .<ref name="lonelyplanet"/> Toropo e ne ya fetola leina go tswa ko go ''Gaberones'' go ''Gaborone'' ka 1969.<ref>{{cite news | title = Regions Given New Spelling | url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7bszAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IfgDAAAAIBAJ&dq=gaborone&pg=7329%2C1913552 | agency = Associated Press | newspaper = Spokane Daily Chronicle | location = Spokane, Washington, USA | date = 1969-12-22 | page = 11 | accessdate =2010-07-11 }}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1965 ,toropo kgolo ya Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne ya fuduga go tswa ko [[Mahikeng|Mafikeng]] go tla ko Gaberones. Fa Botswana a tsaya puso motse wa [[Lobatse]] e ne e le one motse wa ntlha go tlhophiwa go nna motsemogolo wa lefatshe. Mme, Lobatse o ne o le monnye thata, gape go na le go dira jalo, motsemogolo o mosha o ne o ka agiwa gaufi le Gaberones.<ref name="history1">{{cite web |first=Purity |last=Njeru |title=History of Gaborone |url=http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=703 |publisher=[[The African Executive]] |location=Nairobi, Kenya |year=2009 |accessdate=2009-08-04 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170136/http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=703 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Toropo e e ne ya thophiwa ka lobaka la yone la gonna le motswedi wa metsi a a phepha, gape gore e ne e bapile le seporo se se yang Pretoria, gape e ne e le magare ga mefare ya bogare, le lothoko la yone go amana le merafe e e neng e e dikologile.<ref name="seth">{{cite book |last1=Seth |first1=Willie |title=Botswana and Its People |url=http://books.google.com/?id=bR54xeODwCIC&lpg=PA44&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q= |accessdate=2009-08-04 |year=2008 |publisher=Godfrey Mwakikagile |isbn=9780981425870 |chapter=Major urban centres |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=bR54xeODwCIC&lpg=PA43&pg=PA43#v=onepage&q=&f=false |pages=44–46}}</ref> Toropo e e ne ya logelwa leano ka fa tlase ga ditsetlana tsa tshingwana tsa toropo le ditsela tse dintsi tsa batsaya ka dinao.<ref name="economy">{{Cite book|last1= Keiner|first1=Marco|last2= Zegras|first2=Christopher|last3= Schmid|first3=Willy A.|editor1-last= Keiner|editor1-first= Marco|editor2-last= Zegras|editor2-first= Christopher|editor3-last= Schmid|editor3-first= Willy A.|editor4-last= Salmerón|editor4-first= Diego | title =From understanding to action: sustainable urban development in medium-sized cities in Africa and Latin America|pages=19, 63, 68, 93 | url =http://books.google.com/?id=eHZYT0-SsSEC | publisher=Springer|year=2004|isbn=9781402028793 | accessdate =2009-08-06}}</ref> Kago ya toropo ya Gaborone e simolotse magare ga ngwaga wa 1964. Ka nako e toropo e ne e agiwa, modulasetilo wa lekaishane la Gaberones, Geoffrey Cornish, o ne a tshwantshanya dipopego tsa toropo jaaka galase, e na le diofisi tsa goromente mo bo gare jwa galase le madirelo a kgwebo mo mafelo a marekisetso, kago ya teng e tswa mo bogare.<ref name="Eugene">{{cite news | title = Capital City Being Built On Virgin Soil | author = Paine, David J. | url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7uQQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-OADAAAAIBAJ&dq=gaberones&pg=4458%2C3421646 | agency = Associated Press | newspaper = Eugene Register-Guard | location = Eugene, Oregon, USA | date = 1966-04-15 | at = section D, p. 3 | accessdate =2010-07-11 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Bontsi jwa bontlha bongwe jwa toropo bo agilwe mo dingwageng tse tharo. Dikago tsa ntlha mo Gaborone di akaretsa palamente, diofisi tsa goromente, madirelo a leokwane, sepatela, dikolo, madirelo a seromamoa, megala ya thaeletsanyo, madirelo a sepodise, poso le a mangwe a fetang dikgolo..<ref name="architecture">{{cite web |author=killion |title=The Unsustainable urban growth of Gaborone City, Botswana |url=http://www.boidus.co.uk/?p=1188 |publisher=Boidus: Blogs |date=2009-06-29 |accessdate=2009-08-04 |archive-date=2013-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725165235/http://www.boidus.co.uk/?p=1188 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ka gonne toropo e ne e agiwa ka ka bo nako, go ne go na le baagi ba bantsi ba agile madulo e se ka fa molaong, mo toropong e ntsha ka fa madirelong a ko bothaba. Mafelo a a ne a bitswa Naledi. ''Naledi'' ka thaloso o raya''Naledi'' , mme gape leka raya ''ko tlase ga lewapi le le bolegileng'' kana ''motse o kgethegileng mo metseng e mengwe'' . Ka ngwaga wa 1971, ka ntateng ya go oketsega ga madulo e se ka fa molaong, khansele ya toropo ya Gaborone le bodiredi jwa goromente le mantlo ba ne ba sekaseka lefelo la Bontleng, le le neng la nna le mantlo a thwathwa e e ko tlase. Mme fela, Naledi a tswelela ka go gola, le lethoko la mantlo la oketsega go feta. Ka ngwaga wa 1973, koporase ya mntlo ya Botswana (BHC) ya aga Naledi yo mosha, ka kwa ga tsela go tswa mo "Naledi wa bogologolo". Banni ba Naledi o mogologolo ba fudugela ko Naledi yo mosha. Mme fela, lethoko la mantlo la gola gape; go feta mo banni ba ba fudugetseng ko Naledi yo mosha ba ne ba seka ba rata mantlo a teng. Mathata a a rarabololwa ka ngwaga wa 1975 fa Sir Seretse Khama, tautona ya Botswana, fetola Naledi g tswa mo mafelo a dikomponi go ya ko lefelo la matlo a thwathwa e eko tlase.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Old Naledi, the village becomes a town: an outline of the Old Naledi Squatter Upgrading Project, Gaborone, Botswana|last=Van Nostrand|first=John Cornelius|publisher=James Lorimer & Company|year=1982|isbn=9780888626509|accessdate=2009-09-19|url=http://books.google.com/?id=qGjfAc4J1yUC&lpg=PP13&pg=PP13#v=onepage&q=|chapter=Old Naledi: History of Settlement|chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=qGjfAc4J1yUC&lpg=PP13&pg=PP13#v=onepage&q=&f=false|pages=13–15}}</ref> Ka kgwedi ya lwetsi e le masome mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, Bechuanaland e ene ya nna lefatshe la bo lesome le motso go ipusa go tswa mo pusong ya mmamosadinyana mo Aforika. Rra toropo wa ntlha wa Gaborone e ne ele moruti Derek Jones.<ref name="jones">{{Cite book | last =Grant | first =Sandy | date =2009-06-18 | title =Our Heritage. |location=Gaborone, Botswana|publisher=[[Mmegi|Mmegi Online]] | url =http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=6&aid=12&dir=2009/June/Thursday18 | accessdate =2009-08-06| volume=26 | issue=91}}</ref> Gaberones wa bogologolo o ne wa nna toropo ya Gaborone o mosha, jaanong o itsege jaaka "Village".<ref name="history1"/> Mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa 1980,lefatshe la Aforika borwa la tlhasela Botswana le bo le dira dithaselo mo Gaborone le melelwane e mengwe ya toropo(towns). Ditlhaselo tse di ne tsa dira gore batho ba le lesome le boraro ba latlhegelwe ke matshelo<ref name="botswana"/> Morago ga ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa 1994, dingongorego tsa tsoga mo Gaborone ke ntata ya letlhoko la ditiro le dikgang tse dingwe.<ref name="botswana"/> Mo tsatsing la gompieno Gaborone o gola ka bonako. ka ngwaga wa 1964, Gaborone o ne a nale banni ba le 3,855;<ref name="BALA"/> dingwaga tse supa morago, toropo ya bo e na le banni ba le 18000.<ref name="census3"/> Toropo e e ne e agetswe banni ba le 20,000, mme ka ngwaga wa 1992, toropo ke fa e nale batho ba le 138,000. Se se ne sa dira gore go nnele bo maipaya fela mo mafelong a a sa tlhabololwang.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Carr|first1=Michael | title =New patterns: process and change in human geography|chapter=The form and future shape of the modem city|page=224|chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=7lKIMAS_7hoC&lpg=PA211&pg=PA211#v=onepage&q=&f=false | url =http://books.google.com/?id=7lKIMAS_7hoC&lpg=PA211&pg=PA224#v=onepage&q= | publisher=Nelson Thornes|year=1997|edition=2nd|isbn=9780174386810 | accessdate =2009-08-06}}</ref> Mmatoropo wa pele Veronica Lesole o ne a bua gore mathata a dithabololo tsa toropo ya Gaborone e bakilwe ke baagi ba toropo ba ntlha..<ref>{{cite web|title=Garden City Concept is a thing of the past, says Richard Rogers|url=http://boidus.co.bw/blog/?p=2295|publisher=Boidus.co.bw|accessdate=2011-10-09|date=2011-07-15}}</ref> == Popego == [[Setshwantsho:Gaborone, Botswana.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Setshwantsho:Gaberone aerial.jpg|thumb]] Gaborone o agilwe {{Coord|24|39|29|S|25|54|44|E}} magare ga thaba ya Kgale le Oodi, mo nokeng ya Notwane mo borwabothaba jwa Botswana, le 15 km (9.3 mi) go tswa mo molelwaneng wa Aferika borwa<ref name="seth"/> Gaborone o dikanyegilwe ke ditoropo tse di latelang: [[Ramotswa]] ko borwabothaba, [[Mogoditshane]]mo bokonibothaba, le [[Mochudi]] ko bothaba, le [[Tlokweng]] fa o kgabaganya noka. Bontsi jwa tsone ke ditoropo tsa batsamai ba Gaborone. Mafelo a Gaborone a akaretsa Broadhurst, Gaborone West, Village, Naledi,<ref name="seth"/> le Canada yo mosha. Phakalane,toropo e e humileng, e ko bokoni jwa mafelelo a toropo.<ref name="phakalane">{{cite web |author=Phakalane Properties |title=Gaborone Information - Phakalane Properties, Botswana |url=http://www.phakalane.com/phakalane/ |location=Phakalane, Botswana |year=2008 |accessdate=2011-05-24 |archive-date=2011-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418042010/http://www.phakalane.com/phakalane/ |url-status=dead }}{{Dead link|date=July 2010}}</ref> Mo bogare jwa toropo go na le mafelo a marekisetso, a madi le bojanala mo Gaborone. Mafelo s na le dibanka tse dintsi le marekisetso. Ko bothaba jwa madirelo a kgwebo, motho o ka fithela lefelo la Civic centre le setshwntsho sa pula go ikgakolola boipuso jwa Botswana. Mafelo a go fetola madi le dithotho, polokele ya ditsho le botaki/1}, le [[mmadikole wa Botswana]] le tsone di gaufi le madirelo a kgwebo. Ko bophirima jwa madirelo a kgwebo go na le dikago tsa goromente. Lefelo le le na le dikago tsa palamente le ntlo ya dikgosi. Le ntlo ya ditso ya sechaba e fithelwa fa. {{Geographic location |Centre = Gaborone |North = [[Dumadumana]], [[Kopong]], [[Lentsweletau]] |Northeast = [[Tlokweng]], [[Pilane]], '''[[Mochudi]]''' |East = [[Modipane]], [[Sikwane]] |Southeast = |South = [[Ramotswa]], [[Otse]], '''[[Lobatse]]''' |Southwest = '''[[Kanye, Botswana|Kanye]]''' |West = [[Gabane]], [[Thamaga]] |Northwest = '''[[Mogoditshane]]''', '''[[Molepolole]]''' }} === Tsa loapi === {{climate chart | Gaborone |20|32|142.6 |19|32|82.1 |17|30|73.5 |13|28|30 |9|24|8.3 |4|23|7.5 |5|23|1 |8|26|0.9 |15|31|5.8 |17|33|5.8 |18|33|57.8 |18|32|70.9 |float=right |source=<ref name=enviro>{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/naturaldisasters_digest.pdf|author=Central Statistics Office|location=Gaborone, Botswana|accessdate=2010-07-03|format=PDF|date=2009-08|title=NATURAL DISASTERS DIGEST 2008}}</ref> }} Gaborone ke lefelo le le mogote o o fagare. nako tse dintsi mo ngwageng Gaborone o letsatsi. Selemo thatathata se mogote. Masigo a tshiditsana. Thatathata, selemo se se na le pula e nnye se bothitho ga na le selemo se se nale pula e e tlwelesegileng. Fa go na le leuba, mogote mo ngwageng o nna ka ferikgong le thakole. Fa go na le dipula tse di tlwaelesegileng, mogote o montsi o nna ka kgwedi ya Phalane, pele ga dipula di simologa. Ka mariga, mo letsatsing go bothitho, fa bosigo go le tsididi.<ref name="climate"/> Go na le malatsi a le lesome le bosupa le bone mo ngwageng mo mogote o nnang ko godimo. {{convert|32|°C|°F}}. Go na le malatsi a le lekgolo le masome a boferabongwe le borataro mo ngwageng mo mogote o nnang ko godimo {{convert|26|°C|°F}}. Mo ngwageng go na le malatsi a le lesome le bothano a le ng gore mogote o ke tlase. {{convert|7|°C|°F}}. Mo ngwageng go na le letsatsi le le lengwe mo e leng gore seemo sa mogote se ko tlase {{convert|0|°C|°F}}.<ref name="temperature"/> Seemo sa monyo se golela ko godimo ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong le Thakole le ka {{convert|16|°C|°F}} seemo se se ko tlase ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo{{convert|2|°C|°F}}. Seemo sa monyo mo ngwageng ke{{convert|10|°C|°F}}.<ref name="temperature"/> Go na ga pula mo Gaborone go go diragale thata. Pula gantsi mo Gaborone e na ka selemo gare ga kgwedi ya Phalane le Moranang.<ref name="climate"/> Go na le dipula tsa ditladi ka malatsi a masome mane mo ngwageng, bontsi jwa tsone di diragala ka dikgwedi tsa selemo, le malatsi a mane morago ga mmuane, go diragala thata ka mariga.<ref name="temperature">{{cite web | url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=44286&refer=&units=metric | title =Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Gaborone, Botswana | accessdate =2009-08-04 | publisher =Weatherbase | archive-date =2018-03-19 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180319214936/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=44286 | url-status =dead }}</ref> Gaboroneo amilwe ke merwalela ga nna ga raro, fa go lebeletswe dikgatiso tsa ngwaga wa 1995, le 2000, o mongwe ka 2001 e e bakileng, ditshenyo tse di didikadkike tsa madi, o mongwe o ne wa nna ka ngwaga wa 2006.<ref name="enviro"/> Go koloba mo go ntsi go diragala ka Seetebosigo le bonnye ka lwetsi.<ref name="climate"/> Bothitho jo bontsi jwa selekanyo se se magare ga lesome le bone bo nna ka Seetebosigo le masome mabedi le borataro ka Morule.<ref name="climate">{{Cite news | first =Carl | last =Bauer | year =2005 | title =Climate | periodical =Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation in the Building Sector in Botswana | place =Gaborone, Botswana | publisher =Bauer Consult | pages =6–13 | url =http://www.bauerconsultbotswana.com/3_Climate.pdf | accessdate =2009-08-04 | archivedate =2010-08-06 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20100806211743/http://www.bauerconsultbotswana.com/3_Climate.pdf }}</ref> Go diphefo go tswa ka kgwedi ya Phatwe go ya ko ya Ngwanatsele ka, go bo go didimala go tswa ka Motsheganong go ya ko kgwedi ya Phukwi ka {{convert|8|km/h|mph}}. Selekanyo sa bonako jwa phefo mo ngwageng ke {{convert|12|km/h|mph}}.<ref name="temperature"/> {{ - }} {{Weather box |collapsed = yes |location = Gaborone |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high F = 103 |Feb record high F = 104 |Mar record high F = 102 |Apr record high F = 98 |May record high F = 91 |Jun record high F = 84 |Jul record high F = 83 |Aug record high F = 91 |Sep record high F = 103 |Oct record high F = 104 |Nov record high F = 104 |Dec record high F = 103 |year record high F = 104 |Jan high F = 87 |Feb high F = 86 |Mar high F = 84 |Apr high F = 79 |May high F = 74 |Jun high F = 69 |Jul high F = 69 |Aug high F = 76 |Sep high F = 87 |Oct high F = 84 |Nov high F = 86 |Dec high F = 86 |year high F = 80 |Jan mean F = 80 |Feb mean F = 78 |Mar mean F = 76 |Apr mean F = 70 |May mean F = 64 |Jun mean F = 57 |Jul mean F = 57 |Aug mean F = 63 |Sep mean F = 70 |Oct mean F = 75 |Nov mean F = 77 |Dec mean F = 78 |year mean F = 70 |Jan low F = 72 |Feb low F = 70 |Mar low F = 67 |Apr low F = 61 |May low F = 53 |Jun low F = 45 |Jul low F = 45 |Aug low F = 51 |Sep low F = 59 |Oct low F = 65 |Nov low F = 68 |Dec low F = 70 |year low F = 60 |Jan record low F = 57 |Feb record low F = 55 |Mar record low F = 52 |Apr record low F = 32 |May record low F = 30 |Jun record low F = 30 |Jul record low F = 28 |Aug record low F = 32 |Sep record low F = 41 |Oct record low F = 45 |Nov record low F = 46 |Dec record low F = 52 |year record low F = 28 |Jan precipitation inch = 3.8 |Feb precipitation inch = 3.3 |Mar precipitation inch = 2.8 |Apr precipitation inch = 1.6 |May precipitation inch = 0.5 |Jun precipitation inch = 0.2 |Jul precipitation inch = 0.1 |Aug precipitation inch = 0.2 |Sep precipitation inch = 0.6 |Oct precipitation inch = 1.7 |Nov precipitation inch = 2.6 |Dec precipitation inch = 3.5 |year precipitation inch = 20.7 |Jan precipitation days = 7 |Feb precipitation days = 5 |Mar precipitation days = 4 |Apr precipitation days = 3 |May precipitation days = 1 |Jun precipitation days = 0 |Jul precipitation days = 0 |Aug precipitation days = 1 |Sep precipitation days = 1 |Oct precipitation days = 4 |Nov precipitation days = 6 |Dec precipitation days = 8 |year precipitation days = 40 |source 1 = Weatherbase<ref name=temperature /> |date=August 2010 }} == Dipalo tsa batho == {{Historical populations |width = 10em |shading = off |percentages = on |1964|3855 |1971 |17700 |1981 |59100 |1991 |133500 |2001 |186007 |2006|191776 |footnote=<ref name=demo /><ref name=BALA>{{Cite document|last=Maundeni|first=Zibani|title=Mapping Local Democracy in Gaborone City|url=http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/botswana/04915.pdf|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5rhBG0k11|archivedate=2010-08-03|format=PDF|accessdate=2010-08-03|year=2004|month=June|publisher=Botswana Association of Local Authorities|isbn=99912-564-2-3|postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->}}</ref><ref name=census3>{{cite web|author=Central Statistics Office|title=Table 1.6: Distribution of Population in Urban Settlements: 1971- 2001 Censuses|url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=147|accessdate=2009-12-27|location=Gaborone, Botswana}}</ref> }} Palo ya batho ka dikgatiso tsa 2011 ke 231,626. Go na le banna ba le 92,859 le basadi ba le 98,917 mo toropong.<ref name="demo"/> Go na le malwapa a le 58,476 mo Gaborone.<ref name="census">{{cite web|author=Central Statistics Office|title=Table 1.1: Population by sex and census districts (1991 And 2001)|url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=142&Itemid=89|accessdate=2009-08-05|date=2008-02-07|origyear=2001|location=Gaborone, Botswana}}</ref> Toropo ya Gaborone ke motse wa selekanyo se se lesome sa palo ya batho mo Botswana.<ref name="demo"/><ref name="botswana"/> Sephato sa batho ba Botswana ba nna mo {{convert|100|km|mi}} Gaborone.<ref name="capital2010">{{cite web | url=http://www.capital.bw/resources/presentation2010/Botswana%20Country%20Overview%202010-11.pdf | title=Botswana Country Overview 2010/11 | publisher=Capital Resources | work=Botswana Resource Conference 2010 | year=2010 | accessdate=May 24, 2011 | last1=Jefferis | first1=Keith | last2=Pickering | first2=Dawn | last3=Bogolo | archive-date=April 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418095049/http://www.capital.bw/resources/presentation2010/Botswana%20Country%20Overview%202010-11.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> Kgolo ya palo ya batho mo Gaborone ke selekanyo se se 3.4%, se se difetang tsotlhe mo Botswana. Se se ka diragala ka gore toropo e na le dithabololo tsa dikago, se se dirang gore e ratege..<ref name="census2">{{cite web|author=Central Statistics Office|title=2001 POPULATION CENSUS ATLAS: BOTSWANA|url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Census_Publication/pop%20atlas.pdf|accessdate=2009-08-05|date=February 2005|location=Gaborone, Botswana|format=PDF}}</ref> Gaborone ke enngwe ya ditoropo tse di golang mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref name="seth"/> Kgolo e e dirwa ke go fuduga ga batho go tswa mo lefatshebg lotlhe.<ref name="pula"/> Selekanyo sa bong sa Gaborone ke 97.6, se se raya gore go na le borre ba le 976 fa go tshwantshangwa le bomme ba le 1,000 .<ref name="census2"/> Manyalo a le mantsi mo Botswana a kwadisiwa mo Gaborone, mo manyalong otlhe a Botswana a le selekanyo se se lesome le bothano a kwadisitse mo Gaborone ka 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/StatsBrief/marriages_june_2010.pdf |title=MARRIAGE STATISTICS 2007 |author=A. N. Majelantle |month=May |year=2010 |work=STATS BRIEF |publisher=Central Statistics Office |location=Gaborone, Botswana |page=2 |format=PDF |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5qyc2XAMi |archivedate=2010-07-04 |accessdate=2010-07-06 }}</ref> Ka dipalo go na le batho ba le bararo mo lwapwng lengwe le lengwe mo Gaborone. Se ke palo e nnye fa go tshwantsha ngwa le tse dingwe mo Botswana.<ref name="demo">{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/HouseHold/2006_bdsrprt.pdf|title=BOTSWANA DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY 2006|author=Central Statistics Office|location=Gaborone, Botswana|accessdate=2010-07-03|date=2009-01|format=PDF|archive-date=2016-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923062237/http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/HouseHold/2006_bdsrprt.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dipalo di supa gore bontlha bongwe jwa botho ba ba nna mo Gaborone, ba selekanyo se se masome mararo le boferabobedi ba tshela ka mogare wa HIV-palo e tona mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Palo e tona thata mo batho ba ba dingwaga tse di magare ga lesome le bothano le masome mane le boferabonge ka selekanyo sa masome mane le bone.<ref name="economy"/> == Bodumedi == [[File:Botswana - Diocesi di Gaborone.png|thumb|Mmepe wa Roma wa kgaolo ya Gaborone]] Ba sedumedi sa Roma mo Gaborone, ba ba ko tlase ga bo eteledipele jwa Roman ya ko Pretoria, ba teng mo toropong e. Phuthego e akaretsa sephato sa borwa sa Botswana, moruti wa phutego e ke Moruti Valantine Tsamma Seane, yo o filweng maemo ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka kgwedi ya Moranang a le masome mabedi le bothano. Moriti yo o fitileng e ne e le Boniface Tshosa Setlalekgosi. Go na le kereke ya roma e e bidiwang keresete ke kgosi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dgabo.html|title=Gaborone (Diocese) &#91;Catholic-Hierarchy&#93;|last= Cheney|first=David M.|date=2009-05-10|accessdate=2009-08-06|work=Dioceses|publisher=www.Cathoic-Hierarchy.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.gcatholic.com/dioceses/diocese/gabo0.htm|title=Diocese of Gaborone, Botswana|date=2009-07-19|accessdate=2009-08-06|work=Dioceses|publisher=Giga-Catholic Information}}</ref> Go na le tempele ya Ba Hindu mo Gaborone, e bidiwa ''ntlo lehalahala ya Hindu '' , le ya gurudwara le tse dingwe tsa ma Islam.<ref>{{Cite book|author =High Level Committee On Indian Diaspora|date =2001-12-19|title =Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora|place =New Delhi|volume =2|pages =102–103|url =http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter8.pdf|chapter =Chapter 8 – Other Countries of Africa|chapterurl =http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter8.pdf|accessdate =2009-08-06|archive-date =2012-02-06|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120206063957/http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter8.pdf|url-status =dead}}</ref> Kago e simolotswe ka motsheganong ka ngwaga wa 2001 ko tempeleng ya Venkateswara mo Gaborone bophirima e agelwa sechaba sa batho ba Telugu ke sethopha sa bopelothomigi sa Hindu<ref>{{Cite book | date =2006-02-27 | title =African abode for the Lord of the Seven Hills | place =Hyderabad | url =http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/27/stories/2006022714500500.htm | publisher =The Hindu | work =Andhra Pradesh | accessdate =2009-08-06 | archive-date =2006-09-03 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20060903074921/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/27/stories/2006022714500500.htm | url-status =dead }}</ref> e bo e feleletswa ka kgwedi ya lwetsi ngwaga wa 2007. Moemedi wa India, le tautona [[Festus Mogae]] ba ne ba etelela tempele fa e sena go fediwa<ref>{{Cite book | date =2007-09-19 | title =Dinamalar.com _ Ulagatamilargal | url =http://www.dinamalar.com/Ulagatamilargal_English/2007sep19/Africa.asp | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20080211213401/http://www.dinamalar.com/Ulagatamilargal_English/2007sep19/Africa.asp | archivedate =2008-02-11 | publisher =Dina Malar | work =Africa | accessdate =2009-08-06 | url-status =dead }}</ref> ====Muslim==== Ba tumedi ya Islam ke ba Arabea ba ba tlisitseng tumelo e mo Botswana mme ba tla ba gwetlha merafe ka go farologana le Batswana ba le mo teng go tsena kereke ya bone. Batho ba ba tsenang kereke e ba bidiwa jalo gotwe ma-Muslim kereke ya bone ke Mosque. Mo toropo kgolo Gaborone, tempele ya Muslim e bapile le sekolo se se golwane University of Botswana (UB)kana Mmadikolo jaaka ba le bantsi ba se bitsa. Go dimo ga moo, go diragatsa tumelo ya bone badumedi ba ya ko kerekeng Labotlhano mongwe le mongwe mme bana bone ba rulaganyeditswe go ithuta ka tumelo ya bone mo gare ga beke jaaka go tshwanetse. Go tlatsa se, tumedi e ya Islam e ruta ka Allah, yo e leng Modimo wa bone yo ba dumelang e le ene a tlhodileng legodimo, lefatshe, le sengwe le sengwe se se leng mo go lone. Go botlhokwa go itse gore batho ba tumelo e, ba rotloetsa bopelotlhomogi, go thusa ba ba dikobo dikhutshwane, le go direla ba bangwe molemo gore go nniwa ka kagiso le thokgamo. == Botaki le Ngwao == Polokele ya ditso le botaki e bonwa ko bokonibothaba jwa madirelo a kgwebo mo tseleng ya Independence .<ref name="map"/> Polokelo e e butswe ka 1968 E na le dilo tse dintsi di akaretsa dilo tse dibetilweng le botaki jwa batswana. Ntlo ya polokelo e e nale ditshwantsho tsa ntlha tse di dirilweng ke Thomas Baines le Lucas Sithole. Ditiragalo di akaretsa ''Bataki mo Botswana'' , ''kgaisano ya botaki ya banana'' le ''Thapong International'' . Ko ntle ga polokelo go na le , mefuta ya dipalamo tse dintsi jaaka mogoma, selei, le ''dikoloi'' (diteraka). Go na le ditshupo tsa [[Basarwa]], banni ba ntlha baborwa jwa Aferika.<ref name="yeah">{{cite web|title=Gabarone Holidays – a Visit to the Vibrant Cosmopolitan Capital|url=http://www.syl.com/travel/gabaroneholidaysavisittothevibrantcosmopolitancapital.html|date=2006-05-24|accessdate=2009-08-05|archive-date=2010-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625031736/http://www.syl.com/travel/gabaroneholidaysavisittothevibrantcosmopolitancapital.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Polokelo e e butse {{convert|3.6|ha|acre|adj=on|sigfig=1}}<ref name="garden">{{cite web|title=National Botanical Garden|author=Botanic Gardens Conservation International|url=http://www.bgci.org/garden.php?id=2254&ftrCountry=BW&ftrKeyword=&ftrBGCImem=&ftrIAReg=|accessdate=2009-09-19}}</ref> tshingwana ya botanical e e bidiwang tshingwana ya sechaba ya Botanical ka kgwedi ya ngwanatsele a thola ga bedi ka ngwaga wa 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://palapye.wordpress.com/2007/10/25/national-museum-to-launch-botanical-garden/|title=National Museum to Launch Botanical Garden|accessdate=2011-05-31|date=2007-10-25}}</ref> Tshingwana e e agetswe go sireletsa dithare tsa Botswana tse di bothokwa, mme selekanyo se se masome a ferang bobedi a dithare tse di tsa mo Botswana.<ref name="garden"/> Ditiragalo tsa Maitisong di simolotse ka ngwaga wa was 1987 mme di tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga mo malatsing a le supa, mo bekeng ya bofelo ya mopitlo kana ya ntlha ya morananng. Mo malatsing a go tla bo ga na le bodiragatsi jaaka metshameko le go le belela metshameko mo mafelo a a farologaneng.<ref name="lonelyplanet"/> “Kgaisanyo ya My African Dream” e tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga ko ntlo lehalahala la Gaborone. Kgaisano e e amogela dibini tsa ''kwaito'' le diopedi.<ref name="botswana"/> Padi ya , The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency, e diretswe mo Gaborone. Buka e e kwadilwe ke Alexander McCall Smith. Buka e bua ka ga Precious Ramotswe, mosadi wa ntlha mo Botswana go nna mo thomamisi, le masaitseweng a a rarabololang. ==Itsholelo== Gaborone legare la itsholelo ya sechaba. Bokopanelo jwa madirelo a madi a bothokwa jaaka Banka ya Botswana, Banka ya Gaborone, BancABC, le madirelo a go fetola madi mo Botswana a fitlhelwa mo toropong ga mmogo le bokopanelo jwa difofane tsa Botswana, Batshireletso ya baji ba reki, dithaeletsanyo, le Debswana,bo kopanelo jwa go epa ditswa mmung jwa De Beers le goromente wa Botswana . [[SADC|Sethopha sa thabololo ya aferika]] (SADC) se na le bokopanelo jwa sone mo Gaborone; komponi e ne ya simololwa ka ngwaga wa 1980 go oketsa tomagano mo itsholelong, mo malokong a yone le go fokotsa go ikaega mo [[Aferika Borwa|Aferika borwa]].<ref name="seth"/> Di koporase di le dintsi tsa mafatshe di beeleditse mo toropong: Hyundai, IBM, Daewoo, Volvo, Owens-Corning, le Siemens.<ref name="pula"/> Orapa House, ke ya Debswana, ke ko diteemane tse ditsa go epiwa teng ko Debswana di kgaogangwang di bo di sekwasekwa boleng . Orapa House, e fithelwa ko makopanelong a tsela ya Khama Crescent le Nelson Mandela Drive,<ref name="map"/> e agilwe ka boleng jwa yone e le nosi, se se letelela letsatsi le le lekaneng go phatsima ka dithabaphefo gore ba kgone go kabakanya diteemane sentle.<ref name="culture">{{cite web |title=African cities- Gaborone Culture |url=http://gaborone.info/php/gabculture.php?name=Gaborone%20Culture |work=Gaborone.info |publisher=AfricanCities.net |accessdate=2009-08-05 |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721202404/http://gaborone.info/php/gabculture.php?name=Gaborone%20Culture |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bokopano jwa Botswana jwa ditswa mmung bo tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga ko ntlong lehalhala ya Gaborone. Go ya ka tshekatsheko ya thwathwa ya botshelo ya ga Mercer'ka ngwaga wa 2010 , Gaborone e na le palo e ko godimo ya makgolo mabedi le boraro highest ya dithwathwa tsa go tshelac ya batshabis mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Gaborone ke toropo ya boraro e e ko tlase mo dithwathweng tsa batsabi mo Aferika, mo godimo ga [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]] le [[Windhoek]], [[Namibia]] e le ya makgolo mabedi le bothano. [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]] ke tsa bofelo mo lefatsheng ka makgolo mabedi le lesome le bone.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mercer.com/costoflivingpr |title=Worldwide Cost of Living survey 2010 - City rankings |date=2010-06-29 |work=Cost of Living Survey |publisher=Mercer |location=London |accessdate=2010-07-06 }}</ref> == Tsa metshameko == [[File:Botswana National Stadium August 2010.jpg|thumb|left|lobala la sechaba la Botswana ka Phalane ngwaga wa 2010]] {| class="infobox" style="font-size:90%" |- style="text-align:center;background:#eee" |+ lebala le legolo mo Gaborone <td><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldstadia.com/ws/show-page.php?menuCommand=showcity&menuData=Gaborone&menuSubData=Botswana| accessdate= 2010-07-01|author=worldstadia.com|title=Stadiums in Gaborone}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/botswana.shtml|title=Stadiums in Botswana|accessdate=2010-07-01|author=World Stadiums|archive-date=2009-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006121330/http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/botswana.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref></td> | Motshameko | Selekanyo | sethopha(s) |- | lebala le letona la sechaba la Botswana | kgwele ya dinao, Mabelo, motshameko wa Rugby, Tennis | 50,000 | Gaborone United, Notwane F.C., Police XI, Township Rollers F.C. |- | lobala la Mochudi | Kgwele Ya Dinao | 10,000 | Mochudi Centre Chiefs |- | lobala la SSKB | Kgwele Ya Dinao | 5,000 | Botswana Defence Force XI |- | lobala la mmadikole wa Botswana | Kgwele Ya Dinao | 5,000 | Uniao Flamengo Santos F.C. |} Go na le mabala a metshameko a fithelwang mo mafelong a Gaborone Ke lobala la SSKB, mochudi, le lobala la sechaba la Botswana. Go na le dithopha tse dintsi tsa kgwele ya dinao tse di emetseng Gaborone. Dithopha tse ke BDF XI, Gaborone United,Notwane, Police XI le sa Uniao flamengo Santos; tse tsotlhe di tshameka mo metshaneko ya premir . Sethopha sa sechaba sa kgwele ya dinao se tshamakela mo lobaleng la sechaba, mme ga se ise tshameke mo dikgaisanong tsa kopi ya FIFA ka na ya Afrika. Ba motshameko wa cricket, sethopha se se eteletseng pele motshameko wa criket mo Botswana, bo kopanelo jwa yone ke mo Gaborone. Mabelo a Gaborone, mabelo a bobedi mo Botswana, a ne a tshwerwe ka ngwaga wa 2010 ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome le boferabobedi . Ba ne ba simolola go taboga ko mabaleng Phakalane, toropo e e ko bokoni, ba bo ba feta ka Gaborone, ba bo ba feta ka di kago tsa palamente.<ref name="GCM">{{cite web|url=http://www.gaboronecitymarathon.com/|title=Gaborone City Marathon|accessdate=2010-08-04|archive-date=2010-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100322200348/http://www.gaboronecitymarathon.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mafelo a tloso bojuto == [[File:Gaborone 25.92305E 24.68895S.jpg|thumb|Mmepe wa toropo wa maranyane; letamo le letona la Gaborone]] [[Setshwantsho:Gaborone Dam 20200315a.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Gaborone]] Letamo la Gaborone le bonwa mo borwa jwa Gaborone go bapa le tsela e yang Lobatse, gape le thusa Gaborone le Lobatse ka metsi. ke letamo le letona go difeta tsotlhe moBotswana, le kgona go tshwara metsi a selekanyo se se{{convert|141400000|m3|USgal|sigfig=4|lk=on}}. Gape le simolotse go lemogiwa jaaka lefelo la go itlosa bojutu. Ko bofelo jwa letlamo le ko bokoni, go akangwa go dirwa lefelo la menate le le bidiwa bople jwa metsi Go na le mokgatho wa mekoro e bidiwang Gaborone yatch, le yone e ko bokoni jwa letamo le. Ko borwa jwa letamo le ke mokgatho sa Kalahari wa go tshwara dithapi le lefelo le lesha la sechaba lebidiwang City scapes . City scape e na le mafelo a go ntsha bodutu le mafelo a tshamekelo le didirisiwa tsa go dirsa mekoro<ref name="architecture1">{{cite web | author = Gabscity.com | location = Gaborone, Botswana | title = City – Gabscity.com all about Gaborone | url = http://www.gabscity.com/city/index.php | accessdate = 2009-08-04 | archive-date = 2009-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090809032116/http://www.gabscity.com/city/index.php | url-status = dead }}</ref> Letamo le le dirisiwa thata ke batho ba ba lebelelang dinonyane, ba ba shapi ba phefo.<ref name="lonelyplanet"/> Mme fela, ga go letelelwe go thapha mo letamo le ka ntateng ya dikwena le malwetsi.<ref name="culture"/> Lefelo la tshomarelo ya diphologolo la Gaborone, le ko ntle ga toropo mo tseleng ya limpopo. <ref name="map"/> Lefelo le le agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1988, jaanong le dirisiwa thata go na le a mangwe mo Botswana. Diphologolo tse o ka difitlhelang mo lefelong le di akaretsa, impala, kudu, bontshe,dikukama, dipitsa tsa naga, tholo,tshepe le bomathinthinyane<ref name="lonelyplanet"/> Lefelo le tlwaelesegile ka go lebelela dinonyane. fa go leng tshutlha teng mo lifelong le go na le dinonyane jaaka, ntsu, mmamoleane le koro.<ref name="lonelyplanet"/> Thaba ya kgale e fithelwa mo dimetareng tse dimakgolo go tswa mo toropong. Thaba e e bitswa dimo kana mogaka yo o robetseng ga pe e{{convert|1287|m|ft}}. Go na le tsela tsebe tse o ka didirisang go goroga k godimo ga thaba e, go bo go go tsaya oura tse pedi<ref name="lonelyplanet"/> Lefelo la tshomarelo ya diphologolo ya Mokolodi, le agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1992<ref name="nature"/> Le bonwa ko borwa jwa Gaborone.<ref name="lonelyplanet"/> Go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya diphologolo tse di fithelwang mo lefelo le jaaka kolobe ya naga, tholo, kudu, pitse tsa naga, thuthwa, bontshe, kubu le tshukudu. Lefelo le thusa ka ditiro tsa diphologolo tsa naga mo Botswana jaaka: tshimologo ya go itsewe ga tshukudu e tshweu, phuduso ya mangau a a bakang mathata Mokolodi gape o na le lefelo la thuto, ko go rutelwang bana ka tshomarelo ya tikologo.<ref name="nature">{{cite web |author=Mokolodi Nature Reserve |title=Introduction |url=http://www.mokolodi.com/introduction.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312010501/http://www.mokolodi.com/introduction.php |archivedate=2008-03-12 |publisher=Mokolodi Nature Reserve |accessdate=2009-08-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Somarelang Tikologo Community Playground Full Shot.JPG|thumb|left|Mabala ba a matshamekelo a Somarelang Tikologo Community]] Somarelang tikologo ke leloko la dikomponi tse e seng tsa goromente tsa tikologo ko lefelo la tloso bodutu mo Gaborone. Tsholofelo ya komponi e ke go rotloetsa, tshomarelo ya tikologo ka go ruta, bo diragatsi le go rotloetsa ditiro tse di siameng fa go dirwa lenaneo la tikologo, tshomarelo ya ditswa mmung le matlakala mo Botswana Lefelo le le butswe ka fa molaong ke tona wa tikologo, diphologolo le bojanala , Onkokame Pitso Mokaila ka ngwagq wa 2009 kgwedi ya thakole e le masome mabedi le bosupa. Lefelo le le na le botshamekelo jwa bana go tshameka le tsatsi lotlhe, tshingwana, lefelo la go dirasa gape, le lebenkele le maeti ba ka rekang dilo tse di dirilwe ka dilo tse dirisiwang gape.<ref name="st">{{cite web |author=Somarelang Tikologo |title=What is ST? |url=http://www.somatiko.org.bw/ |publisher=Somarelang Tikologo |accessdate=2009-09-17 |archive-date=2010-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914112716/http://www.somatiko.org.bw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Goromente == [[File:BotswanaParliament.jpg|thumb|Palamente ya Botswana]] Gaborone o laolwa k eke khansele ya Gaborone. Khansele e e eteletswe pele ke mokwaledi wa toropo le mothusa mokwaledi. Toropo e laolwa kana e buswa ke rra kana mmatoropo, mothusa mma/rratoropo le dikomiti tse di tsamaisiwang ke makhanselara: komiti ya tsa madi; tsa botso jwa sechaba, matshelo a batho le komiti ya mantlo; komiti ya teseletso go rekisa;le komiti ya thuto. <ref name="pula">{{Cite document|last=Lekorwe|first=Mogopodi|title=The politics of urban governance and management in Gaborone|url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula012001/pula012001006.pdf|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5rhGd1XXI|archivedate=2010-08-03|format=PDF|accessdate=2010-08-03|series=Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies|volume=12|year=1998|publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> Makhanselara a thopha rra/mmatoropo ba bob a ikaba ka maemo mo komiting ngwaga le ngwaga. <ref name="BALA"/> Khansele e na le ba bereki ba le 2,515.<ref name="pula"/> Khansele ya toropo e kgalwa ke komiti ya boeteledipele jwa sechba ka dithopho tsa bone tsa sephiri le boeteledipele jo bo botlana.<ref name="BALA"/> Ka ngwaga wa 2010, khansele e ne ya nna le mathata a matlakala:Frenic, komponi ya matlakala e ya firilwe ke toropo, e ne ya isa toropo ya Gaborone fa pele ga mmakaseterata, ka phimolo dikeledi e e sa duelwang.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mooketsi|first=Lekopanye|title=Frenic Company sues Gaborone City Council|url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=603&dir=2010/March/Wednesday3|publisher=Mmegi|accessdate=2010-08-04|date=2010-03-03}}</ref> Se se ne sa dira gore matlakala a nne mantsi a sa tsewa.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ngwanaamotho|first=Maranyane|title=Gaborone City Council fails to collect garbage|url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=1532&dir=2010/April/Friday9|publisher=Mmegi|accessdate=2010-08-04|date=2010-04-09}}</ref> Gaborone ke lefelo la sepolotiki . Dikago tsa goromente tse dintsi di agilwe ko Bophirima jwa mafelo a kgwebo lefelo le le bidiwang lefelo la goromente. <ref name="map"/> Palamente ya Botswana, ntlo ya dikgosi, le motlobo wa sechaba, le lephata la botsogo. NFa kgorong ya palamente go na le sefikantswe tautona wa pele Sir seretse KHAMA, LE SEGOPOSO SA BATSWANA BA BA MAKGOLO MARARO BA NENG BA BOLAWA KA NGWAGA WA 1939 GO YA KO NGWAGENG WA 1945. <ref name="botswana review">{{cite journal| year = 2010|title=Botswana Review 29th Edition |journal = Botswana Review of Commerce and Industry| volume = 29| publisher = B&T Directories (Pty) LTD| location = Gaborone, Botswana| url = http://www.scribd.com/doc/32694240/Botswana-Review-2010| accessdate = 2010-10-11}}</ref> SEFIKANTSWE SE SENGWE SE A KGOLA MASOLOSE A BOTSWANA BA BA NE BA BOLAWA MO DINTWENG TSA RHODESIA.<ref name="tourismboard"/> Pele ga ngwaga wa 1982, Gaborone one wa nna le boemedi ko palamenteng, setilo se le sengwe mo palamenteng mo Botswana. Go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1982 go ya ko ngwageng wa 1993, Botswna o ne wa kgaogangwa ka dikgaolo di le pedi, Gaborone bokone le Gaborone Borwa. Setilo sa boraro mo palamenteng sa neelwa maloko a a thophilweng toropo yotlhe ya Gaborone. Ka ngwaga wa 1993, ka ferikgong dikgaolo tse pedi tse disha tsa dirwa mo Gaborone: Gaborone bothaba le Gaborone Bophirima. Dithopho tsa goromente, dikgaolo tse nne di ne tsa kgaogangwa ka dikgotlana. Gaborone bokone o ne ale tse supa,Gaborone bophirima e na le di le supa. gaborone legare e na le borataro le Gaborone borwa a na le bothano<ref name="pula"/> ka ngwaga wa 2002, toropo ya nna le mafelo a bophophelo a le mathano: Gaborone bokoni, Gaborone legare, gaborone le borwa, Gaborone bokon bophirima, le Gaborone borwa bophirima. <ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bw/pgcontent.php?UID=615|title=Constituencies|publisher=Parliament of Botswana|accessdate=2010-08-03|archive-date=2011-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706163056/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/pgcontent.php?UID=615|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sekolo sa melawana ya mafatshe e ne ya simololwa ka ngwaga wa 2000 ka kgwedi ya Phukwi mo Gaborone . Sekolo se fa baokamedi ba ba fagare dithuthuntsho mo mafatsheng a SADC.<ref>{{Cite web | date =2009-06-29 | title =History | url =http://www.ileagaborone.co.bw/History.htm | publisher =ILEA Gaborone-Botswana | accessdate =2011-05-24 | archive-date =2011-07-06 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110706164523/http://www.ileagaborone.co.bw/History.htm | url-status =dead }}</ref> Toropo e gape ke legae la baemedi ba mafatshe a sele le baemedi. {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable" |+ Maina a bodiredi jwa mafatshe a sele le dikomponi tsa mafatshefatshe mo Gaborone<td><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofaic.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=41&Itemid=58|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation – Missions Accredited to Botswana|accessdate=2010-06-26|date=2009-04-17|archive-date=2011-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162848/http://www.mofaic.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=41&Itemid=58|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofaic.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=104&Itemid=147|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation – International Organizations Based in Botswana|accessdate=2010-06-26|date=2008-09-07|archive-date=2011-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706163039/http://www.mofaic.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=104&Itemid=147|url-status=dead}}</ref></td> |- ! Boikarabelo ! Mofuta ! Moemedi ! Website |- | {{flagicon|Angola}} Angola | Kemedi | Jose Agostinho Neto | {{Language icon|pt}} [http://www.angola.gov.ao/EmbaixadasConsulados/embaixadas.html Kemedi ya Angola] |- | {{flagicon|Austria}} Austria | Moithaupi | Doreen Khama | [http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/embassy/pretoria/bilateral-relations/botswana.html Moithaupi wa Austria mo Botswana] |- | {{flagicon|Belgium}} Belgium | Moithaupi | | |- | {{flagicon|Brazil}} Brazil | kemedi | Joao Inacio Oswald Padilha | {{Language icon|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20111009040709/http://www.portalconsular.mre.gov.br/clientes/portalconsular/portalconsular/mundo/africa/botsuana/goborone Embaixada do Brasil em Gaborone] |- | {{flagicon|Canada}} Canada | Moithaupi | Anne Bookbinder | |- | [https://web.archive.org/web/20111028052803/http://www.cde.int/index.aspx Thabololo ya dikgwebo] | ofisi ya kgaolo | Sid Boubekeur | [http://cde.int/view_content.aspx?id=4568057&amp;niveau=12 CDE] |- | {{flagicon|China}} China | kemedi | Liu Huanxing | [http://bw.china-embassy.org/eng/ kemedi ya China mo Botswana] |- | {{flagicon|Cuba}} Cuba | kemedi | Ramon D.A. Medina | [https://web.archive.org/web/20111002065753/http://emba.cubaminrex.cu/Default.aspx?alias=emba.cubaminrex.cu/botswanaing kemedi ya Cuba mo Botswana] |- | {{flagicon|Denmark}} Denmark | Mmueledi | Leif Bekker | [http://www.ambpretoria.um.dk/en/menu/ConsularServices/Consulates/ mmueledi wa Danish ko South Africa, Botswana, DRC, Lesotho, Madagascar, Namibia le Swaziland] |- | {{flagicon|European Union}} European Union | Babueledi ba ofisi ya Europa | Paul Malin | [http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/botswana/index_en.htm Babueledi ba ofisi ya Europa ] |- | {{flagicon|Finland}} Finland | Moithaupi | Samuel Akuna Mpuchane | [http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=16299&amp;contentlan=2&amp;culture=en-US Moithaupi wa Finland mo Gaborone (Botswana)] |- | komponi ya dijo le tsa temo thuo ya Amerika. | Ofisi ya lefatshe | Han Gaoju | [https://web.archive.org/web/20110912045856/http://coin.fao.org/cms/do/en/office.html?officeCode=FRBOT FAO Representation in Botswana] |- | {{flagicon|France}} France | kemedi | Geneviève Iancu | [https://web.archive.org/web/20120324132910/http://www.ambafrance-bw.org/ kemedi ya France mo Botswana] |- | {{flagicon|Germany}} Germany | kemedi | Annett Günther | [https://web.archive.org/web/20110914144147/http://www.gaborone.diplo.de/Vertretung/gaborone/en/Startseite.html kemedi ya German mo Gaborone] |- | {{flagicon|Ghana}} Ghana | moithaupi | Afua Daaku | |- | {{flagicon|Guyana}} Guyana | moithaupi | Terrence H. Pariaug | [http://www.guyana.org/govt/foreign_missions.html Guyana's Diplomatic &amp; Consular Representatives] |- | {{flagicon|India}} India | Moemedi wa mafatshe a sele | Madhava Chandra | [https://web.archive.org/web/20110904015532/http://www.highcommissionofindia.org.bw/Ihc/index.html Moemedi wa mafatshe a sele wa India] |- | tomagano mo tshomrelo tikologo le tholego | Ofisi ya lefatshe | Masego Madzwamuse | [https://web.archive.org/web/20110906164725/http://www.iucnbot.bw/ IUCN Botswana Office] |- | {{flagicon|Ireland}} Ireland | Moithaupi | Barney O'Reilly | [http://www.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id=5601 moemedi wa dithaeletsanyo tsa kitso mo Botswana] |- | {{flagicon|Israel}} Israel | Moithaupi | Richard Lyons | |- | {{flagicon|Italy}} Italy | Moithaupi | Guido Renato Giachetti | |- | {{flagicon|Jamaica}} Jamaica | Mmueledi | Esau Waugh | [http://www.mfaft.gov.jm/?q=consul_generals_and_consulates Consul General and Consulates] |- | {{flagicon|Japan}} Japan | kemedi | Ryoichi Matsuyama | [https://web.archive.org/web/20120416224728/http://www.botswana.emb-japan.go.jp/en/index.htm kemedi ya Japan mo Botswana] |- | {{flagicon|Kenya}} Kenya | Moemedi wa mafatshe a sele | Daniel Sidinga | |- | {{flagicon|Libya}} Libya | Maphata a puso | ga gona kemedi | |- | {{flagicon|Mozambique}} Mozambique | Moemedi wa mafatshe a sele | Tiago R. Castigo | |- | {{flagicon|Namibia}} Namibia | Moemedi wa mafatshe a sele | Hadino Timothy Hishongwe | |- | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} Netherlands | Moemedi | Jan Pitt | [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928132608/http://www.mfa.nl/en/africa/botswana/consulate_gaborone Moemedi wa Gaborone] |- | {{flagicon|Nigeria}} Nigeria | Moemedi wa mafatshe a sele | Isaac O. Onuh | |- | {{flagicon|Norway}} Norway | Moithaopi | Per Erik Bergh | |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} Russia | Kemedi | Anatoly Nikolaevich Korsun | [https://web.archive.org/web/20090429044336/http://www.botswana.mid.ru/ kemedi ya Russian mo Botswana] |- | {{flagicon|Aferika Borwa}} Aferika Borwa | Moemedi wa mafatshe a sele | Ngconde M. Bryce Balfour | |- | {{flagicon|SADC}} [[SADC|Southern African Development Community]] | Bokopanelo | Tomas A. Salomao | [http://www.sadc.int/ Southern African Development Community] |- | {{flagicon|Spain}} Spain | Moithaupi | Guido Renato Giachetti | |- | {{ flagicon|Sweden}} Sweden | Moithaupi | Abdul Rahim Khan | [http://www.swedenabroad.com/Page____76344.aspx Sweden in Gaborone, Botswana] |- | {{flagicon|Thailand}} Thailand | Moithaupi | | |- | {{flagicon|US}} United States | kemedi | Michelle D. Gavin | [https://web.archive.org/web/20110114080632/http://botswana.usembassy.gov/ kemedi ya United States] |- | {{flagicon|UK}} United Kingdom | Moemedi wa mafatshe a sele | Frank J. Martin | [https://web.archive.org/web/20111030100741/http://ukinbotswana.fco.gov.uk/en/ British High Commission Gaborone] |- | United Nations AIDS | Ofisi ya boeteledi ya lefatshe | Evaristo Marowa | [https://web.archive.org/web/20111010175527/http://www.unbotswana.org.bw/unaids.html#cpa UNAIDS CC Office] |- | {{flagicon|UNICEF}} United Nations Children Fund | Ofisi ya lefatshe | Barbara G. Reynolds | [https://web.archive.org/web/20111017105033/http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/botswana.html UNICEF] |- | {{flagicon|United Nations}} United Nations Development Programme | Ofisi ya lefatshe | Khin-Sandi Lwin | [https://web.archive.org/web/20111101033442/http://www.unbotswana.org.bw/undp/index.html UNDP in Botswana] |- | United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | Ofisi ya lefatshe | Roy Herrmann | |- | United Nations Population Fund | Ofisi ya lefatshe | Argentina Matavel | [http://botswana.unfpa.org/ UNFPA in Botswana] |- | {{flagicon|World Health Organization}} World Health Organization | Ofisi ya lefatshe | Eugène Kojo Appiah Nyarko | [http://www.afro.who.int/en/botswana/who-country-office-botswana.html Botswana WHO Country Office] |- | {{flagicon|Zambia}} Zambia | Ofisi ya mafatshe | Mwamutenta R. Musakabantu | |- | {{flagicon|Zimbabwe}} Zimbabwe | kemedi | Thomas Mandigora | |} == Thuto == [[File:University of Botswana Earth Science.JPG|thumb|left|Dkago tsa maranyane a tikologo tse di agiwang ko mmadikole wa Botswana]] [[File:University of Botswana Faculty of Business.jpg|thumb|Lephata la kgwebo ko mmadikole wa Botswana]] Go na le batho ba le bantsi ba na digarata mo dithutong mo Gaborone go nale mo mafelong a mangwe mo Botswana Palo e e masome masupa le boferabongwe ya dipalo tsa batho mo Gaborone ba na le dithutego tsa dikole tse digolwane.<ref name="demo"/> Toropo ya Gaborone e na le dikolo tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane, tsa ga goromente le eseng tsa goromente Tse di akaretsa sekolo sa Westwood se segolwane, Maru a pula, Sekolo sa Legae le se sebotlana sa Thornhill === Mmadikole === Sekolo se se tona sa mmadikole mo Botswana(University of Botswana), se simolotswe ka ngwaga wa 1982, se mo bothaba jwa toropo e. <ref name="map"/> bo mmadikole ba bangwe ke Limkokwing,Botho e e mo Gaborone. Sekolo sa Botswana sa dipalo le madi(Botswana Accountancy College), se se amogelang batho ba ba dirang le tsa madi le botekiniki, sekolo sa botekiniki(technical colleges) sa botswana, Boitekanelo le sa temo thuo le tsone di teng mo Botswana mmadikole wa Botswana wa melao, e butswe ka ngwaga wa 2006, e na le dikago tsa yone mo Gaborone. <ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.guc.co.bw/guc-aboutus.html|publisher=Gaborone Universal College of Law|accessdate=2010-10-09|archive-date=2011-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128201650/http://www.guc.co.bw/guc-aboutus.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mmadikole yo one wa nna le kaloso ya yone ya ntlha ka ngwaga wa 2010, dialogane tsa yone tsa ntlha.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mokgoabone|first=Kabo|title=Gaborone University College of Law holds 2010 graduation|url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=8767&GroupID=1|accessdate=2010-10-09|newspaper=Sunday Standard|date=2010-09-06|archivedate=2011-07-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722000420/http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=8767&GroupID=1}}</ref> == Ditlhaeletsanyo == Go na le dipampiri tsa dikgang di le mmalwa tse di gatisitsw eng mo Gaborone. Di akaretsa Mmmegi, Botswana Gazette le The Voice. Seromamowa sa Yarona se gasa mo Gaborone; letswao la sone mo Gaborone ke 106.6.Seromamowa se sengwe se senye mo Gaborone ke Gabz FM. <ref name="media">{{Cite book|last1=Denbow|first1=James Raymond|last2=Thebe|first2=Phenyo C. | title =Culture and customs of Botswana|chapter=Literature and Media|pages=72–73|chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=8ycoVZ-DfrYC&pg=PA55&dq=gabz+FM&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=2006&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=2009&as_brr=3&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=8 | url =http://books.google.com/?id=8ycoVZ-DfrYC&lpg=PA55&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q= | publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|work=World: Africa |year=2006|isbn=9780313331787| accessdate =2009-08-06}}</ref> Pele ga ngwaga wa 2000, banni ba Gaborone ba simolola go amogela dithaeletsanyo tsa sesupa ditshwantsho sa BOP TV, go tswa Mafikeng, se se neng se tsaya molelo ko thabeng ya Kgale. <ref name="media"/> Mo tsatsi la gompieno, dikoporase tsa thaelesanyo le ya sesupa ditshwantsho sa Botswana go naya Batswana ka dithaeletsanyo tse ba di thokang. == Dikago == Gaborone ke nngwe ya ditoropo tse di golang that mo Aferica. Go gola ga Gaborone,thatathata mo bogare jwa toropo, mo go dirileng gore mafelo a masimo le one a simolole go nna bontlha bongwe jwa toropo Dijo di le dintsi mo Gabrone di tswa ko bokoni jwa toropo, le balemi ba bangwe ba palo potlana go tswa ko borwa jwa Gaborone.<ref name="infrastructure">{{cite journal | last1 = Cavric | first1 = Branko I. | last2 = Mosha | first2 = Aloysius C. | journal = Urban Agriculture Magazine | volume = [http://www.ruaf.org/node/168 4] | pages = 25–27 | author = Urban and Regional Planning Unit, Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana | year = 2001 | month = July | title = Incorporating Urban Agriculture In Gaborone City Planning | url = http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/Incorporating%20Urban%20Agriculture%20In%20Gaborone%20City%20Planning.pdf | publisher = RUAF Foundation | format = PDF | accessdate = 2009-08-04 | archive-date = 2011-07-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110725133838/http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/Incorporating%20Urban%20Agriculture%20In%20Gaborone%20City%20Planning.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> Toropo e ne e agelwa go nna lefelo la bodiragatsi kana pereko, ka dikago tse di agilwe ka didirisiwa tsa segompieno. Toropo e dikaganyegilwe ke dikago tse dinnye<ref name="travel"/> Lefelo la kgwebo le santse le agiwa, lefatlo a re ke ya toropong o tla bo a raya gore o ya madirelong a kgwebo, ko dikagong tsa goromente di fithelwang teng. <ref name="travel">{{cite web| title = Gaborone: a capital city w/ a strange design | url = http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/d513c/1d7ca9/|date=2008-02-25| accessdate = 2009-08-04 }}</ref><ref name="architecture2">{{cite web | author = Gabscity.com | location = Gaborone, Botswana | title = Home – Gabscity.com all about Gaborone | url = http://www.gabscity.com/index.php | accessdate = 2009-08-04 | archive-date = 2009-08-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090808204551/http://www.gabscity.com/index.php | url-status = dead }}</ref> Marekisetso a a matona, a na le boemelo jwa dikoloi, mafelo a thekisetso, o agilwe ka bophara go ya bothaba le bophirima, go na le dikago tsa goromente ko bophirima fa khansele ya Gaborone e le ko bothaba. <ref name="tourismboard"/> Marekisetso a Gaborone, ke logae la marekisetso a masha a Square, Tower, le diofisi tse disha tsa SADC, kgotla tshekelo, e e agetsweng go rarabolola mathata a dikgwebo le sefikantswe sa dikgosi tse tharo e bong khama wa boraro, Bathoen wa ntlha le Sebele wa ntlha, kgosi tse tharo tse, di ne tsa tsaya mosepele go ya Britain o mogolo, go ya go kopa gore Bechuanaland e kgaogangwe le Rhodesia wa ko borwa(yo eleng Zimbabwe jaanong) kana Cape Colony(yo e leng Aferika borwa jaanong). Difikantswe tse di ne tsa thomwa ka ngwaga wa 2005, kgwedi ya lwetsi e thola masome mabedi le boferabongwe.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Staff Writer|title=The Highlights Of An Eventful Year |url=http://www.mmegi.bw/2005/December/Monday19/917370795169.html|publisher= [[Mmegi|Mmegi Online]] |location= Gaborone, Botswana |accessdate=2010-06-30| date=2005-12-19|volume=49|issue=5}}</ref> Difikantswe tse di ne tsa thomwa ka ngwaga wa 2005, kgwedi ya lwetsi e thola masome mabedi le boferabongwe. Le fa difikantswe tse di supa ditso, go ne ga nna le dikgothang mabapi le go agiwa ga tsone, 12,000,000 (madi alekanang le di dikadike tsa Amerika tse supa, ka ngwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 20101), le fa baagiwa ba tsone ba Korea bokoni ba bua malatsi a peo a a sa siamang. <ref>{{cite journal |author=Keto Segwai|title=Three dikgosi in waiting| url=http://www.mmegi.bw/2006/July/Friday28/122256372162.html |publisher= [[Mmegi|Mmegi Online]] |location= Gaborone, Botswana |accessdate=2010-06-30| date=2006-07-28|volume=23|issue=111}}</ref> Dikago tse dingwe tse di santse di agiwa ko marekisetsong ke kago ya Holiday inn, lefelo la go rekisa dijo, le mafelo a diofisi.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Brian |last=Benza |title=Masa Towers To Cost P275 Million – Giachetti |url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=20&dir=2008/August/Monday11 |publisher= [[Mmegi|Mmegi Online]] |location= Gaborone, Botswana |date=2008-08-11 |accessdate=2009-08-06|volume =25 | issue=116 }}</ref> === Ditlamelo === Toropo e tsaya metsi a yone ko sebolokelong se se dirilweng gotswa mo letamo la Gaborone, le le leng ko borwa jwa toropo,se se dirile gore kgolo e nne teng. <ref name="history1"/> Toropo ya Gaborone e simologile e le toropo e e potlana, go ne go thkego gore go agiwe letamo la Gaborone go nosa batho metsi.<ref name="phakalane"/> Go tswa ka ngwaga wa 2007 go ya ko wa 2008,metsi a selekanyo se se {{convert|23963000|m3|USgal|sigfig=5|lk=on}} a ne a rekisiwa mo Gaborone. Ba ga goromente ba ne ba reka metsi ka bontsi,{{{convert|11359000|m3|USgal|sigfig=5|lk=on}}.metsi a selekanyo sa {{convert|8564000|m3|USgal|sigfig=4|lk=on}} a ne a rekelwa go dirisiwa mo ma lwapeng, fa a le {{convert|4040000|m3|USgal|sigfig=3|lk=on}} a ne a rekelwa go ddirisiwa ko marekisetsong. Ka ngwaga wa 2008, toropo ya Gaborone e ne ya dirisa metsi a selekanyo se se {{convert|25657363|kl|USgal}} gape metsi metsi a neng a dirisiwa ke motho a le mongwe ka ngwaga e ne e le{{convert|0.184|m3|USgal|sigfig=3|lk=on}}, palo e e kotlase e sale ka 1999.<ref name="water"/> Gaborone o na le dithwathwa tse di ntsi tsa metsi mo lefatsheng ka gore go na le dipalamo tse dintsi le tiriso ya metsi e ntsi. Madi a mantsi a a bakwa ke kgang ya gore metsi mangwe a a dirisiwang mo Gaborone a tsewa ko letamong la letsibogo.<ref name="water"/> Selekanyo sa gos ireletsega ga metsi ko letamo la Gaborone ke 7.95 ka thakole ka ngwaga wa 2006. Bogale jwa letswai mo bolokelong e ke di grame tse lesome le bone litera e le nngwe ka kgwedi ya moranang ka 2001 le kgwedi ya phatwe ka 2006. Ka yone nako e , bogale jwa letswai la (CaCO3) e ne ele dikilograme litara e lengwe, mo Botswana go raya gore metsi a ga ntafadiwa. Ka nako e le nngwe selekanyo sa letswai la cloride le le 6.44, la fluoride le le 0.54 la potase le le 6.72 le la sodium le le 10.76. === Botsogo === [[File:Princess Marina Hospital - Administration Building.jpg|thumb|Sepatela sa Princess Marina]] Setlhopha sa sefapano se sehibidu se simolotswe ka ngwaga wa 1968, bokopanelo jwa sone bo ko Gaborone. Sepatela sa Princess Marina ke sepatela se se tona mo Gaborone, se na le malao a balwetsi a le makgolo mathano. <ref>Dithabololo tsa sepatlela sa Princess Marina-</ref> Setlhopha se se lwantshang kankere mo Botswana, ke komponi e e ikemetseng ka nosi e simolotswe e le komponi ya bo pelothomogi ka ngwaga wa 1998. Tshwaraganyo e eteletsepele mogo feng ditlamelo tse di leng teng go thibela kankere gape e rotloetsa mananeo, ditlamelo go thusa balwetsi ba kankere le go ba ema nokeng le go kgothatsa ba ba amegileng. Dikago tsa bokopanelo di ko tseleng ya Diletlhakoreng la, Extension 12, Gaborone. === Dipalamo === Seporo se ntse se dira tiro e se agetsweng go e dira, e lomaganya toropo le mafelo a ko bokoni le borwa.<ref name="seth"/> Seporo se ya ko toropong ya cape , harare le ko Bulawayo. Seporo se bonwa ko borwa jwa kago ya palamente bo bogare jwa toropo.<ref name="map">{{cite map |publisher=Botswana Tourism Board |title=Gaborone City map |url=http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/maps/img/gabs_big.gif |year=2001 |series=Botswana Maps |accessdate=2009-08-04 }}</ref> Seporo se se ema mo ditoropo tse di latelang:Ramatlabana ko mololwaneng wa Aferika borwa, lobatse,Gaborone, Palapye, Serule, Francistown,Ramokgwebana le Plumtree ko Zimbabwe. Se ne sa simolola go nna seporo sa di terena tsa dithotho ka Moranang a thola gangwe ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Lewis|last=Malikongwa|title=Termination of Botswana Railways' Passenger Service|url=http://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/press/27feb09.html|place=Botswana|publisher=Ministry of Works and Transport|date=2009-02-27|accessdate=2009-08-04|archive-date=2013-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125015605/http://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/press/27feb09.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Gaborone Airport.jpg|thumb|lebala la difofane la Sir Seretse Khama International Airport (GBE)]] lobala la difofane la Sir Seretse khama le ko bokoni jwa toropo gape le na le difofane tse di yang ko Johannesburg, Harare, Francistown le ko Maun le ditomagano tsa ko kasane le Livingstone.<ref>{{cite map |publisher=Botswana Tourism Board |title=Domestic & international airline routes map |url=http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/maps/img/airline_big.gif |series=Botswana Maps |accessdate=2009-08-04 }}</ref> Ke bokopanelo jwa Difofane tsa Botswana. Go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2010, komponi ya difofane tsa Botswana e na le difofane tse di yang ko mabaleng a Losaka ko losaka, Zambia le difofane tse di yang ko Lusaka di feta ka Kasane. komponi e e simolola go dira tsela e e tswang mo Gaborone go ya ko Luanda,Angola mo bokamosong.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=3901&dir=2010/August/Tuesday3|publisher =Mmegi|date=2010-08-03|accessdate=2010-08-04|title=Gabs-Lusaka flight takes off}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2008 However, Gaborone has the most air passenger traffic, accounting for 51.6% of all passenger movement in Botswana. International passengers total 244,073 passengers while domestic air passenger movement comes up to 333,390 passenger.<ref name="transport"/> {{details|1999 Air Botswana incident|on the following topic}} Gaborone e ne ya oka leitho la dithaelesanyo ka ngwaga wa 1999 ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ntateng ya leso la ga Chris Phatswe. Phatswe e le mokgweetsi wa difofane tsa Air Botswana, yo ileng a ipolaya ka go diga sefofane sa gagwe ko lebaleng la Sir Seretse Khama. Pele ga leso la gagwe, Phatswe o ne a emisa go kgweetsa difofane ka gore o ne a sa itekanelo mo mmeleng. Gape , morago go ne ga lemogiwa gore o ne a nale bolwetsi jwa AIDS. Le fa a ise a bue sepe ka jone, dikgoreletsi go belaelwa gore di ka tswa di dirile gore a ipolaye. O ne a digela sefofane sa gagwe mo godimo ga difofane tse dingwe tse pedi. Se sene sa dira gore Air Botswana e wele tlase ka gore e ne ya sala ka sefofane se le sengwe morago ga tiragalo e. Airdisaster.com e na le ditshwantsho tsa tiragalo e. [[File:Gaborone Road Map.png|thumb|Mmepe wa ditsela tsa Gaborone]] Marogo mo Gaborone le mo tikologong a akaretsa jwa Trans Kalahari, Al le jwa Cairo-Cape. Go na le ditsela tse thano tse di tona mo Gaborone tse di akaretsang Lobatse,Kanye,Molepolole,Francistown e ya Mochudi le Tlokweng.<ref>{{cite map |publisher=Botswana Tourism Board |title=Road network map |url=http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/maps/img/road_big.jpg |series=Botswana Maps|scale=1 : 6,000,000 |inset=lower right |accessdate=2009-08-04 }}</ref> Gaborone e na le madirelo mantsi a ikwadiso ya dikoloi.Go na le dikoloi tsa batho tse di 15,538, tsa selekanyo se se masome mane le borataro tsa dikoloi tsotlhe tse disha tse dikwadisitsweng mo Botswana ka ngwaga wa 2008 mo Gaborone,tse eleng gore tse 8,440 ka tse di pegang bapalami, tse 440 e le dibese, 204 e le dikuta le tse 181 e le diterekere. Palo e ne ya oketsega go tswa mo go 12,690 ya dikoloi tse di kwadisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 2007. Gaborone gape e na le palo e ntshi ya ikwadiso e e ntshafadiwang ka selekanyo sa 73,206 ka ngwaga wa 2008.<ref name="transport">{{cite web| url = http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Transport/2008_transport_report.pdf| title = Botswana transport statistics - 2008| author = A. N. Majelantle| month = December| year = 2009| work = Botswana Transport Statistics| publisher = Central Statistics Office| location = Gaborone, Botswana| format = PDF| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5r1sNfkq4| archivedate = 2010-07-06| accessdate = 2010-07-06}}</ref> Fa go akeretsa kgaolo ya Gaborone bophirima, gaborone e ne ya nna le dikotsi tsa dikoloi tse 9,415, le batho ba le masome masupa ba bane ba thokafala ka ngwaga wa 2008. Bontsi jwa go thulana ga dikoli ka ngwaga o, go tholana ga palo ya 3,146, e ne ele go thulana mo mathakoreng, fa tse 263 di ne di ama diphologolo. Toropo e gape e ya diraglelwa ke dikotsi tse di amang ba tsamai ka dinao ba le 679 ka ngwaga wa 2008; ba tsamai ka dinao ba le masome mabedi le bone ba ne ba thokafala. Palo e ntsi ya dikotsi tsa dikoloi tse di amileng batsamai ka dinao, dikotsi tsa tsela di diragetse magare ga nako ya bone le boratararo maitseboeng.<ref name="transport"/> [[File:Public transport in Gaborone.jpg|thumb|Kombi]] Dipalomo tsa sechaba mo toropong e di a ikanyega, fa ditshwantshangwa le ditoropo tse ditona mo mafatsheng a Aferika. Kombi le ditaxi di dirisiwa mo ditselang tsa toropo fa dibese di dirisiwa go etela metse le ditoropo tse dingwe mo Botswana.<ref name="seth"/> == Banni ba ba botlhokwa == * Kgosi Gaborone, Kgosi ya Motswna yo toropo e reeletsweng ka leina la gagwe. * Mpule Kwelelagobe, Mmabontle wa lefatshe le MmaBontle wa Botswna ka ngwaga wa 1999 * Sumaiyah Marope, Mma Botswana wa 2009 * Sethopha sa mmino wa setswana sa Matsieng, se se simologileng mo Botswna. * Leleko la African National Congress,Thamsanga Mnyele. * Leloko la sethopha sa sechaba sa kgwele ya dinao, Dirang Moloi * Leloko la African congress, Vemon Nkadimeng yo one a bolawa ke mapodise a aparateite mo Gaborone. * Motshamiki wa kgwele ya dinao, [[Dipsy Selolwane]]. * Moruti wa Roma wa kgaolo ya Gaborone, Boniface Tshosa Setlalekgosi, e sa le ka ngwaga wa 1981. * Motshamiki wa squash, Alister Walker * Mothodi wa sekolo sa Maru-a-Pula,Deane Yates. * Precious Ramotswe, lepodisi la maiterelo. == Ditoropo tse di tsalanang == Gaborone o tshwantshangwa le toropo le kgaolo nngwe: * {{flagicon|US}} Burbank, USA<ref name="sistercity">{{cite web|title=Burbank's Sister Cities|url=http://www.burbanksistercity.org/burbank_sister_cities.html|publisher=Burbank Sister City Organization|accessdate=2010-07-22|archive-date=2012-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710212722/http://www.burbanksistercity.org/burbank_sister_cities.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|China}} kgaolo ya Zhejiang , China<ref>{{cite web|last=Mooketsi|first=Lekopanye|title=Chinese firms to build massive industrial park|url=http://mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=10&dir=2009/April/Wednesday1|publisher=Mmegi|accessdate=2010-08-03|date=2009-04-01|quote=The last event was the signing ceremony for a twinning arrangement between Zhejiang Province and the Gaborone City Council. }}</ref> == Polokelo == {{Gallery |lines=4 |File:GaboroneStreetScene.jpg|alt1=A road with a Bank Gaborone building to the left and a taller building with curved truss structures on the windows to the right|Street scene near the Main Mall ||alt2=Two tall buildings. The right building is white and circular with about ten floors and with a grey trailer in front. The taller building on the left is cut off in the top right corner. It seems to be made up of smaller interconnected buildings with tinted windows|[[Department of Taxes and Attorney General's Chambers Building]] (left) and Ministry of Health Building (right) |File:Gaberone aerial.jpg|alt3=Bird's-eye view of residential neighborhoods. The houses at the bottom third of the picture have much larger yards and more trees. The neighborhood in the center of the picture has a very defined road shaped like a backwards 6, and the houses have orange and grey roofs and are very close to each other. The neighborhood at the top right has multicolor roofs. There is a road cutting through the middle of the picture.|Another aerial view of the city |File:RhodesiaRailcar.jpg|alt4=A brown train, viewed from the side, is at rest under a small open station. “1035 Rhodesia Railways” is written in gold letters over the train's windows. There is a white fence and a brick walkway in front of the train.|Rhodesia Railways car at the national museum |File:GaberoneAerial.jpg|alt5=A broad view of the city facing east, the picture taken from a plane. In the middle is a large residential neighborhood. The downtown area and the Gaborone Dam are in the far right towards the horizon. At the bottom of the picture to the left is a large undeveloped area, and to the right is another neighborhood.|Aerial view of the city looking east—downtown is in the right-center of the image, with the reservoir just beyond |File:Khama statue.jpg|alt6=A bronze-colored, life-size statue of a prominent black man in a suit, his hands in front of his stomach. The statue is on top of a pedestal which is on top of a large brown rock, surrounded by smaller rocks. The statue has trees behind it, and it is in a small brick-paved square.|Statue of Khama outside the Botswana Parliament building |File:Overlooking Mokolodi Nature Reserve.jpg|alt7=A broad expanse of dry savanna with hills in the background. The foreground contains large rocks on the ground with two trees flanking the sides of the picture.|Overlooking Mokolodi Nature Reserve, just outside of Gaborone, Botswana |File:GaboroneSkyline.jpg|alt8=A skyline picture of Gaborone with a field, forest, and low-lying houses in the foreground and buildings along the horizon.|Skyline of Gaborone |File:University of Botswana Administration Building.jpg|alt9=|University of Botswana Administration Building |File:University of Botswana dorms.jpg|alt10=|Dormitories for the University of Botswana |File:GABS-UB Courtyard.JPG|alt11=|Courtyard and University of Botswana buildings |File:UB IM Match.jpg|alt12=|University of Botswana intramural football game |File:Parliament Buildings, Gaborone, Botswana.jpg|alt13=|Parliament Buildings of Botswana |File:Kgale Hill 2.jpg|alt15=| |File:Gaborone Dam 1.jpg|alt18=| |File:Gaborone Dam 2.jpg|alt19=| |File:Parlamento de Botswana.jpg|alt20=|Parliament of Botswana |File:Embajada de Zambia - Gaborone, Botswana.jpg|alt21=|Zambia Embassy |File:Embajada de Angola - Gaborone, Botswana.jpg|alt22=|Angola Embassy |}} ==Metswedi== {{reflist|2}} ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== {{Commonscat|Gaborone}} {{Wikivoyage|Gaborone}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110226043710/http://www.mlg.gov.bw/PGContent.php?UID=388 Website ya khansele ya Gaborone] * [https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/places-global-african-history/gaborone-botswana-1880/ Gaborone Entry] at [[:en:BlackPast.org|Black Past]] * [http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=-24.6499815&amp;lon=25.9100533&amp;z=13&amp;l=0&amp;m=b Gaborone] Mmepe wa maranyana ko WikiMapia (Not affiliated with Wikipedia/Wikimedia Foundation) * [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/223198/Gaborone Gaborone] ''Matseno a Encyclopædia Britannica'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070317032557/http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/maps/img/gabs_big.gif Mmepe ya Gaborone] * [http://www.influencerajansi.com Influencer Marketing] [[Karolo:Gaborone]] [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] hy5khdlnh2vp53nc8cs5uk7x7ndnlfk 0 2275 52744 52593 2026-07-19T01:39:11Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Lobatse|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|settlement_type=Toropo|motto=|image_skyline=File:My Home Town from a Hilltop , Lobatse.jpg|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=Flag_of_Lobatse.png|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|image_map1=|mapsize1=|map_caption1=|pushpin_map=Botswana <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->|pushpin_map_caption=|pushpin_mapsize=|subdivision_type=Lefatshe|subdivision_name=[[Botswana]]|subdivision_type1=[[Dikgaolo tsa Botswana|Kgaolo]]|subdivision_name1=|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=|unit_pref=<!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|population_as_of=2022|population_footnotes=<ref name="Statistics Botswana - Census 2022 - Population of cities, towns and villages">{{Cite web |title=Statistics Botswana - Census 2022 - Population of cities, towns and villages |url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Population%20of%20Cities%20Towns%20and%20Villages%20%202022.pdf}}</ref>|population_note=|population_total=29772|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=|population_blank1=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=|timezone=GMT +2|utc_offset=|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|25|13|S|25|40|E|region:BW|display=inline}}|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> tags-->|elevation_m=1188|elevation_ft=|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|blank_name=[[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]|blank_info=[[Semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|BSh]]|blank1_name=|blank1_info=|website=|footnotes=}} '''Lobatse''' ke toropo e e kwa borwa botlhaba jwa [[Botswana|lefatshe la Botswana]], dikhilomithara di le masome a supa kwa borwa jwa toropo kgolo [[Gaborone|ya Gaborone]], e mo mogorogorong o o tsamaelang kwa bokone o lebile Gaborone le mo molelwaneng le [[Aforika Borwa|Aferika Borwa]] . Lobatse o na le palo ya batho ba le dikete di le masome a mabedi a le boferabongwe le makgolo a le masupa le masome a le bosupa le bobedi (29 772) go ema ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi .<ref>[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Population%20of%20Cities%20Towns%20and%20Villages%20%202022.pdf "Statistics Botswana - Census 2022 - Population of cities, towns and villages" (PDF).]</ref> Toropo e ke kgaolo ya tsamaiso, e e nang le lekgotla la toropo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723192435/http://www.laws.gov.bw/ Laws of Botswana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723192435/http://www.laws.gov.bw/|date=2011-07-23}}, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090718061659/http://www.mlg.gov.bw/ Ministry of Local Government] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090718061659/http://www.mlg.gov.bw/|date=2009-07-18}}</ref> == Puso le mafaratlhatlha == Sekolo se segolwane sa Lobatse se kwa Lobatse. Tirelo ya Dikgolegelo ya Botswana (BPS) e tsamaisa Kgolegelo ya Lobatse.<ref>[http://www.gov.bw/Global/Prisons%20and%20rehabilitation%5B1%5D.pdf "Prisons and Rehabilitation."] (Archive) [[:en:Government_of_Botswana|Government of Botswana.]] Retrieved on 26 March 2013.</ref> Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana e na le lekalana kwa Lobatse. Go na le kokelo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo e e bidiwang [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Sbrana Psychiatric Hospital]]. Toropo e gape ke legae la [[Botswana Meat Commission]] (BMC) e e leng nngwe ya ditlamo tse di kgolo go gaisa tsa go dira nama mo Aforika. <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Lobatse "Lobatse | Botswana | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 2023-03-17.</ref>Lebala la metshameko la Lobatse le le nang le ditilo di le dikete tse masome a mabedi ke legae la ditlhopha tsa metshameko tsa selegae. ==Ditso== Bangwaketse ke bone batho ba ntlha go aga mo lefelong le mo Botswana, mo le ileng la felela le agilwe ke bone Bangwaketse mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi. Marapo a bogologolo a ntse a teng mo pakeng ya gompieno. Go fitlhelela ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro, Botswana o ne a le ka fa tlase ga tshireletso le taolo ya Makgoa ( [[British Protectorate of Bechuanaland]] ) [[Mahikeng]], [[Aforika Borwa]] ka nako eo e ne e le yone toropo kgolo, godimo ga moo toropokgolo e ne e tshwanetse go nna Lobatse kgotsa Gaborone. Gaborone o ne a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa puso ,fa Lobatse a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa molao. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bone barongwa ba koporase ya ditlhabololo ba ne ba aga matlhabelo a Lobatse a gompieno a bidiwang [[Botswana Meat Commission]] . Lobatse o pharologanyo ka tsela ya ntlha mo Botswana, e e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le boferabobedi. Ka boipuso kgwedi ya Lwetse a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, tsela e e neng e na le sekonotere e ne e le dikholomithara tse tlhano fela lefatshe ka bophara mme e le mo Lobatse.E ne e le tsela e e tswang maemelong a terena a Lobatse go ya kwa kgotla tshekelong e e neng agilwe ka mo go kgethegileng morago ga loeto lwa ga kgosi [[George VI]] gape le [[Queen Elizabeth Mma Kgosi Ya Mosadi|Mmamosadinyana]] ba Enyelane ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le masome a mane le bosupa . == Toropo e e tshwanang le yone == Lobatse o tshwantshiwa le: [[Setshwantsho:Flag of Namibia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]] [[Walvis Bay]], [[Namibia]] == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Boemelo jwa terena mo Botswana]] * [[Maemelo a difofane a Lobatse]] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|25|13|S| 25|40|E|region:BW_type:city|display=title}} {{Botswana largest cities}} [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-geo-stub}} == Puso le dikago tsa toropo == Sekolo se segolwane sa Lobatse se mo Lobatse. Lephata la dikgolegelo la Botswana (BPS) le tsamaisa kgolegelo ya Lobatse. [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlakgolo ya ditshekelo ya Botswana]] e na le lekalana mo Lobatse. Go na le kokelo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo e e itsegeng e le [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Bookelo jwa Malwetse a Tlhaloganyo jwa Sbrana]] . Toropo e gape ke legae la matlhabelo a [[Botswana Meat Commission]] (BMC) a e leng nngwe a madirelo a matona a go dira nama mo Aforika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lobatse {{!}} Botswana {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lobatse |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Lebala la metshameko la Lobatse]] le le nang le bokgoni jwa manno a le dikete di le masome a mabedi ke legae la ditlhopha tsa metshameko tsa mo gae. == Toropo ya botsala == Lobatse ke lewelana le toropo ya; '''•''' 🇳🇦 [[Walvis Bay, Namibia]] == Bona gape == * [[Railway stations in Botswana|Maemelo a diterena mo Botswana]] * [[Lobatse Airport|Boemadifofane jwa Lobatse]] * [https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/explore/lobatse https://www.bojanala.co.bw/senka/lobatse] tb44l9mwqa8d7psit7rzvc59aziywc1 0 3276 52694 40096 2026-07-18T17:16:01Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Education stages" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1305248779|Education in Botswana]]" 52694 wikitext text/x-wiki Thuto tse''' dikgolwane mo [[Botswana|Botswana]]''' ke mahala kgotsa boitlhopelo.<ref name="ilab"> {1}Botswana {/1} [http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2005/tda2005.pdf ''2005 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor'' ]. Ba lekgotla le le inamololang mafatshe ka kakaretso, U.S. Lephata la metse selegae (2006). ''Koranta e e nale molaetsa go tsweng mo tshimologong, e e leng ponagadi ya {0 }phatalatsa.'' </ref><ref name="bbc"></ref> Mo ngwageng wa 2002, palo ya ntlha ee sa rurifadiwang e ne e le selekanyo sa lekgolo le boraro mo lekgolong, mme ee rurufaditsweng yone ya ntlha e ne e le masome a borobabobedi le motso mo lekgolong.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go kgaogangwa ga bana ba ba tsewang mo dikolong go itebagantse le palo ya baithuti ba ba kwadisiwang kwa dikolong tse di potana gape ga go amane gope le go tsena sekolo sentle ga bana. Dipalo tse di ntsha tsa go tla sekolong mo dikolong tse di potana ga di mo Botswana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go ya ka dipalo tsa ngwaga wa 2001, masome a borobabobedi le borataro mo lekgolong a bana ba ba simolotseng dithuto tse di potana ba ne ba batlile go fitlhelela kwa lokwalong lwa botlhano.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Mo tsamaisong ya thuto ya mo Botswana, basimane le basetsana ba nale tepetepano mo go fiweng dithuto. Basetsana, ka gorialo, ba ka nna ba tswa mo dikolong tse dikgolwane ka ntata ya boimana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> [[Botswana|Botswana]] o dirile tse dintsi mo go tlhabololeng thuto morago ga go tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Morago ga seo go ne go nale baalogani ba ba potana mo lefatsheng gape Batswana ba palo potana ba tsene dikolo tse dikgolwane. Ka ponagalo ya ditemane morago ga go tsaya boipuso le go oketsega ga madi a puso, go ne ga nna le koketsego ee kwa godimo ya go aba thuto mo lefatsheng. Baithuti botlhe ba ne ba fiwa dingwaga tse di lesome tsa go ithuta,se se ba fitlisetsa kwa dithutong tse dikgolwane tsa Junior Certificate. E ka ne e le bontlha bongwe jwa palo ya batho mo sekolong ba ba tsweledisang ka ngwaga tse pedi tsa mo sekolong se se golwane se se isang moithuti kwa mphong ya go fiwa setlankana sa Botswana General Certificate of Education (BGCSE). Fa o sena go tlogela sekolo, baithuti ba ne ba ka tsena sekolo mo dikolong tsa ithutelo tiro di le borataro mo lefatsheng,kgotsa ba ithuthuntsha mo dithutong dingwe tsa borutabana kgotsa booki. Moithuti yo o gaisitseng botlhe o ne a ya go tsena kwa mmadikolo ebong University of Botswana, Botswana College of Agriculture[https://web.archive.org/web/20120524171350/http://www.bca.bw/ ], le Botswana Accountancy College mo [[Gaborone|Gaborone]]. Palo ee ntsi ya bana ba kwa mmadikolo e solofetswe, fa kago ya bobedi ya mmadikolo mo lefatsheng, ebong Botswana International University of Science and Technology, e fediwa. Bontsi jwa bana ba felela ba tsene dikolo kwa dikholetsheng tse eseng tsa puso mo lefatsheng. Bontsi jwa baithuti ba tsengwa sekolo ke puso. Dipoelo ga di ise di ko di tshwantshangwe le tsa boleng jo bo rileng. Dikolo tse di potana di santse di tlhoka didirisiwa, gape barutabana ba duelwa madi aa kwa tlase go nale badiri ka bone ba kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Mo kgweding ya Ferikgong ngwaga wa 2006, Botswana o ne a simolodisa tuelo ya dithuto morago ga dingwaga ngwaga tse pedi tsa thuto ee neng e fiwa mahala .<ref name="bbc">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm | work=BBC News | title=Botswana brings back school fees | date=2006-01-11 | accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref> ==Bokhutlo== Thuto ke yone konokono ya botshelo ke moo go leng matshwanedi gore e tsewe ka tlhwaafalo.Baithuti ba tshwanetse go nna ba ithuta gore ba tle go atlega mo botshelong.Ke tshwanelo ya puso go bona gore baithuti ba fiwa dithuto tse di lebanyeng gore ba tle ba kgone go baya lefatshe mo maemong aa fa godimo bogolo jang baithuti ba kwa mmadikolo. ==Metswedi== {{reflist}} Dithuto mo Botswana di felela ka lekwalo la lesome le bobedi. ==Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle== {{commons category|Education in Botswana}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110117191700/http://www.moe.gov.bw/ Botswana Ministry of Education] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090322042351/http://www.sacmeq.org/education-botswana.htm Education Statistics and Quality of Education in Botswana], Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) *[http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/documentation/Literacyinbotswana.pdf Literacy and education in Botswana bibliography] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928121434/http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.387.html Information Communication Technology in Botswana] (e nankola kitso ka kakaretso) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514091311/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Botswana.htm Profile of higher education in Botswana] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081203160324/http://www.unbotswana.org.bw/undp/docs/bots_education_final.pdf The impact of HIV/AIDS on education in Botswana] {{Education in Africa}} [[Category:Thuto mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-stub}} {{Education-stub}} == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. b3xveaihumuo86iod48t9scuegn92b0 52696 52694 2026-07-18T17:26:41Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Education stages" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1305248779|Education in Botswana]]" 52696 wikitext text/x-wiki Thuto tse''' dikgolwane mo [[Botswana|Botswana]]''' ke mahala kgotsa boitlhopelo.<ref name="ilab"> {1}Botswana {/1} [http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2005/tda2005.pdf ''2005 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor'' ]. Ba lekgotla le le inamololang mafatshe ka kakaretso, U.S. Lephata la metse selegae (2006). ''Koranta e e nale molaetsa go tsweng mo tshimologong, e e leng ponagadi ya {0 }phatalatsa.'' </ref><ref name="bbc"></ref> Mo ngwageng wa 2002, palo ya ntlha ee sa rurifadiwang e ne e le selekanyo sa lekgolo le boraro mo lekgolong, mme ee rurufaditsweng yone ya ntlha e ne e le masome a borobabobedi le motso mo lekgolong.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go kgaogangwa ga bana ba ba tsewang mo dikolong go itebagantse le palo ya baithuti ba ba kwadisiwang kwa dikolong tse di potana gape ga go amane gope le go tsena sekolo sentle ga bana. Dipalo tse di ntsha tsa go tla sekolong mo dikolong tse di potana ga di mo Botswana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go ya ka dipalo tsa ngwaga wa 2001, masome a borobabobedi le borataro mo lekgolong a bana ba ba simolotseng dithuto tse di potana ba ne ba batlile go fitlhelela kwa lokwalong lwa botlhano.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Mo tsamaisong ya thuto ya mo Botswana, basimane le basetsana ba nale tepetepano mo go fiweng dithuto. Basetsana, ka gorialo, ba ka nna ba tswa mo dikolong tse dikgolwane ka ntata ya boimana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> [[Botswana|Botswana]] o dirile tse dintsi mo go tlhabololeng thuto morago ga go tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Morago ga seo go ne go nale baalogani ba ba potana mo lefatsheng gape Batswana ba palo potana ba tsene dikolo tse dikgolwane. Ka ponagalo ya ditemane morago ga go tsaya boipuso le go oketsega ga madi a puso, go ne ga nna le koketsego ee kwa godimo ya go aba thuto mo lefatsheng. Baithuti botlhe ba ne ba fiwa dingwaga tse di lesome tsa go ithuta,se se ba fitlisetsa kwa dithutong tse dikgolwane tsa Junior Certificate. E ka ne e le bontlha bongwe jwa palo ya batho mo sekolong ba ba tsweledisang ka ngwaga tse pedi tsa mo sekolong se se golwane se se isang moithuti kwa mphong ya go fiwa setlankana sa Botswana General Certificate of Education (BGCSE). Fa o sena go tlogela sekolo, baithuti ba ne ba ka tsena sekolo mo dikolong tsa ithutelo tiro di le borataro mo lefatsheng,kgotsa ba ithuthuntsha mo dithutong dingwe tsa borutabana kgotsa booki. Moithuti yo o gaisitseng botlhe o ne a ya go tsena kwa mmadikolo ebong University of Botswana, Botswana College of Agriculture[https://web.archive.org/web/20120524171350/http://www.bca.bw/ ], le Botswana Accountancy College mo [[Gaborone|Gaborone]]. Palo ee ntsi ya bana ba kwa mmadikolo e solofetswe, fa kago ya bobedi ya mmadikolo mo lefatsheng, ebong Botswana International University of Science and Technology, e fediwa. Bontsi jwa bana ba felela ba tsene dikolo kwa dikholetsheng tse eseng tsa puso mo lefatsheng. Bontsi jwa baithuti ba tsengwa sekolo ke puso. Dipoelo ga di ise di ko di tshwantshangwe le tsa boleng jo bo rileng. Dikolo tse di potana di santse di tlhoka didirisiwa, gape barutabana ba duelwa madi aa kwa tlase go nale badiri ka bone ba kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Mo kgweding ya Ferikgong ngwaga wa 2006, Botswana o ne a simolodisa tuelo ya dithuto morago ga dingwaga ngwaga tse pedi tsa thuto ee neng e fiwa mahala .<ref name="bbc">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm | work=BBC News | title=Botswana brings back school fees | date=2006-01-11 | accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref> ==Bokhutlo== Thuto ke yone konokono ya botshelo ke moo go leng matshwanedi gore e tsewe ka tlhwaafalo.Baithuti ba tshwanetse go nna ba ithuta gore ba tle go atlega mo botshelong.Ke tshwanelo ya puso go bona gore baithuti ba fiwa dithuto tse di lebanyeng gore ba tle ba kgone go baya lefatshe mo maemong aa fa godimo bogolo jang baithuti ba kwa mmadikolo. ==Metswedi== {{reflist}} Dithuto mo Botswana di felela ka lekwalo la lesome le bobedi. ==Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle== {{commons category|Education in Botswana}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110117191700/http://www.moe.gov.bw/ Botswana Ministry of Education] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090322042351/http://www.sacmeq.org/education-botswana.htm Education Statistics and Quality of Education in Botswana], Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) *[http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/documentation/Literacyinbotswana.pdf Literacy and education in Botswana bibliography] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928121434/http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.387.html Information Communication Technology in Botswana] (e nankola kitso ka kakaretso) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514091311/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Botswana.htm Profile of higher education in Botswana] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081203160324/http://www.unbotswana.org.bw/undp/docs/bots_education_final.pdf The impact of HIV/AIDS on education in Botswana] {{Education in Africa}} [[Category:Thuto mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-stub}} {{Education-stub}} == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. c9jpxdd2nhk62y7xmhmu0nwrrlrdbf9 52697 52696 2026-07-18T17:28:52Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Education stages" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1305248779|Education in Botswana]]" 52697 wikitext text/x-wiki Thuto tse''' dikgolwane mo [[Botswana|Botswana]]''' ke mahala kgotsa boitlhopelo.<ref name="ilab"> {1}Botswana {/1} [http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2005/tda2005.pdf ''2005 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor'' ]. Ba lekgotla le le inamololang mafatshe ka kakaretso, U.S. Lephata la metse selegae (2006). ''Koranta e e nale molaetsa go tsweng mo tshimologong, e e leng ponagadi ya {0 }phatalatsa.'' </ref><ref name="bbc"></ref> Mo ngwageng wa 2002, palo ya ntlha ee sa rurifadiwang e ne e le selekanyo sa lekgolo le boraro mo lekgolong, mme ee rurufaditsweng yone ya ntlha e ne e le masome a borobabobedi le motso mo lekgolong.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go kgaogangwa ga bana ba ba tsewang mo dikolong go itebagantse le palo ya baithuti ba ba kwadisiwang kwa dikolong tse di potana gape ga go amane gope le go tsena sekolo sentle ga bana. Dipalo tse di ntsha tsa go tla sekolong mo dikolong tse di potana ga di mo Botswana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go ya ka dipalo tsa ngwaga wa 2001, masome a borobabobedi le borataro mo lekgolong a bana ba ba simolotseng dithuto tse di potana ba ne ba batlile go fitlhelela kwa lokwalong lwa botlhano.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Mo tsamaisong ya thuto ya mo Botswana, basimane le basetsana ba nale tepetepano mo go fiweng dithuto. Basetsana, ka gorialo, ba ka nna ba tswa mo dikolong tse dikgolwane ka ntata ya boimana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> [[Botswana|Botswana]] o dirile tse dintsi mo go tlhabololeng thuto morago ga go tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Morago ga seo go ne go nale baalogani ba ba potana mo lefatsheng gape Batswana ba palo potana ba tsene dikolo tse dikgolwane. Ka ponagalo ya ditemane morago ga go tsaya boipuso le go oketsega ga madi a puso, go ne ga nna le koketsego ee kwa godimo ya go aba thuto mo lefatsheng. Baithuti botlhe ba ne ba fiwa dingwaga tse di lesome tsa go ithuta,se se ba fitlisetsa kwa dithutong tse dikgolwane tsa Junior Certificate. E ka ne e le bontlha bongwe jwa palo ya batho mo sekolong ba ba tsweledisang ka ngwaga tse pedi tsa mo sekolong se se golwane se se isang moithuti kwa mphong ya go fiwa setlankana sa Botswana General Certificate of Education (BGCSE). Fa o sena go tlogela sekolo, baithuti ba ne ba ka tsena sekolo mo dikolong tsa ithutelo tiro di le borataro mo lefatsheng,kgotsa ba ithuthuntsha mo dithutong dingwe tsa borutabana kgotsa booki. Moithuti yo o gaisitseng botlhe o ne a ya go tsena kwa mmadikolo ebong University of Botswana, Botswana College of Agriculture[https://web.archive.org/web/20120524171350/http://www.bca.bw/ ], le Botswana Accountancy College mo [[Gaborone|Gaborone]]. Palo ee ntsi ya bana ba kwa mmadikolo e solofetswe, fa kago ya bobedi ya mmadikolo mo lefatsheng, ebong Botswana International University of Science and Technology, e fediwa. Bontsi jwa bana ba felela ba tsene dikolo kwa dikholetsheng tse eseng tsa puso mo lefatsheng. Bontsi jwa baithuti ba tsengwa sekolo ke puso. Dipoelo ga di ise di ko di tshwantshangwe le tsa boleng jo bo rileng. Dikolo tse di potana di santse di tlhoka didirisiwa, gape barutabana ba duelwa madi aa kwa tlase go nale badiri ka bone ba kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Mo kgweding ya Ferikgong ngwaga wa 2006, Botswana o ne a simolodisa tuelo ya dithuto morago ga dingwaga ngwaga tse pedi tsa thuto ee neng e fiwa mahala .<ref name="bbc">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm | work=BBC News | title=Botswana brings back school fees | date=2006-01-11 | accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref> ==Bokhutlo== Thuto ke yone konokono ya botshelo ke moo go leng matshwanedi gore e tsewe ka tlhwaafalo.Baithuti ba tshwanetse go nna ba ithuta gore ba tle go atlega mo botshelong.Ke tshwanelo ya puso go bona gore baithuti ba fiwa dithuto tse di lebanyeng gore ba tle ba kgone go baya lefatshe mo maemong aa fa godimo bogolo jang baithuti ba kwa mmadikolo. ==Metswedi== {{reflist}} Dithuto mo Botswana di felela ka lekwalo la lesome le bobedi. ==Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle== {{commons category|Education in Botswana}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110117191700/http://www.moe.gov.bw/ Botswana Ministry of Education] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090322042351/http://www.sacmeq.org/education-botswana.htm Education Statistics and Quality of Education in Botswana], Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) *[http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/documentation/Literacyinbotswana.pdf Literacy and education in Botswana bibliography] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928121434/http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.387.html Information Communication Technology in Botswana] (e nankola kitso ka kakaretso) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514091311/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Botswana.htm Profile of higher education in Botswana] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081203160324/http://www.unbotswana.org.bw/undp/docs/bots_education_final.pdf The impact of HIV/AIDS on education in Botswana] {{Education in Africa}} [[Category:Thuto mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-stub}} {{Education-stub}} == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. 42sf63juo7xq4ukoad941jbpa8r44ca 52699 52697 2026-07-18T17:37:46Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Education stages" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1305248779|Education in Botswana]]" 52699 wikitext text/x-wiki Thuto tse''' dikgolwane mo [[Botswana|Botswana]]''' ke mahala kgotsa boitlhopelo.<ref name="ilab"> {1}Botswana {/1} [http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2005/tda2005.pdf ''2005 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor'' ]. Ba lekgotla le le inamololang mafatshe ka kakaretso, U.S. Lephata la metse selegae (2006). ''Koranta e e nale molaetsa go tsweng mo tshimologong, e e leng ponagadi ya {0 }phatalatsa.'' </ref><ref name="bbc"></ref> Mo ngwageng wa 2002, palo ya ntlha ee sa rurifadiwang e ne e le selekanyo sa lekgolo le boraro mo lekgolong, mme ee rurufaditsweng yone ya ntlha e ne e le masome a borobabobedi le motso mo lekgolong.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go kgaogangwa ga bana ba ba tsewang mo dikolong go itebagantse le palo ya baithuti ba ba kwadisiwang kwa dikolong tse di potana gape ga go amane gope le go tsena sekolo sentle ga bana. Dipalo tse di ntsha tsa go tla sekolong mo dikolong tse di potana ga di mo Botswana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go ya ka dipalo tsa ngwaga wa 2001, masome a borobabobedi le borataro mo lekgolong a bana ba ba simolotseng dithuto tse di potana ba ne ba batlile go fitlhelela kwa lokwalong lwa botlhano.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Mo tsamaisong ya thuto ya mo Botswana, basimane le basetsana ba nale tepetepano mo go fiweng dithuto. Basetsana, ka gorialo, ba ka nna ba tswa mo dikolong tse dikgolwane ka ntata ya boimana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> [[Botswana|Botswana]] o dirile tse dintsi mo go tlhabololeng thuto morago ga go tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Morago ga seo go ne go nale baalogani ba ba potana mo lefatsheng gape Batswana ba palo potana ba tsene dikolo tse dikgolwane. Ka ponagalo ya ditemane morago ga go tsaya boipuso le go oketsega ga madi a puso, go ne ga nna le koketsego ee kwa godimo ya go aba thuto mo lefatsheng. Baithuti botlhe ba ne ba fiwa dingwaga tse di lesome tsa go ithuta,se se ba fitlisetsa kwa dithutong tse dikgolwane tsa Junior Certificate. E ka ne e le bontlha bongwe jwa palo ya batho mo sekolong ba ba tsweledisang ka ngwaga tse pedi tsa mo sekolong se se golwane se se isang moithuti kwa mphong ya go fiwa setlankana sa Botswana General Certificate of Education (BGCSE). Fa o sena go tlogela sekolo, baithuti ba ne ba ka tsena sekolo mo dikolong tsa ithutelo tiro di le borataro mo lefatsheng,kgotsa ba ithuthuntsha mo dithutong dingwe tsa borutabana kgotsa booki. Moithuti yo o gaisitseng botlhe o ne a ya go tsena kwa mmadikolo ebong University of Botswana, Botswana College of Agriculture[https://web.archive.org/web/20120524171350/http://www.bca.bw/ ], le Botswana Accountancy College mo [[Gaborone|Gaborone]]. Palo ee ntsi ya bana ba kwa mmadikolo e solofetswe, fa kago ya bobedi ya mmadikolo mo lefatsheng, ebong Botswana International University of Science and Technology, e fediwa. Bontsi jwa bana ba felela ba tsene dikolo kwa dikholetsheng tse eseng tsa puso mo lefatsheng. Bontsi jwa baithuti ba tsengwa sekolo ke puso. Dipoelo ga di ise di ko di tshwantshangwe le tsa boleng jo bo rileng. Dikolo tse di potana di santse di tlhoka didirisiwa, gape barutabana ba duelwa madi aa kwa tlase go nale badiri ka bone ba kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Mo kgweding ya Ferikgong ngwaga wa 2006, Botswana o ne a simolodisa tuelo ya dithuto morago ga dingwaga ngwaga tse pedi tsa thuto ee neng e fiwa mahala .<ref name="bbc">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm | work=BBC News | title=Botswana brings back school fees | date=2006-01-11 | accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref> ==Bokhutlo== Thuto ke yone konokono ya botshelo ke moo go leng matshwanedi gore e tsewe ka tlhwaafalo.Baithuti ba tshwanetse go nna ba ithuta gore ba tle go atlega mo botshelong.Ke tshwanelo ya puso go bona gore baithuti ba fiwa dithuto tse di lebanyeng gore ba tle ba kgone go baya lefatshe mo maemong aa fa godimo bogolo jang baithuti ba kwa mmadikolo. ==Metswedi== {{reflist}} Dithuto mo Botswana di felela ka lekwalo la lesome le bobedi. ==Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle== {{commons category|Education in Botswana}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110117191700/http://www.moe.gov.bw/ Botswana Ministry of Education] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090322042351/http://www.sacmeq.org/education-botswana.htm Education Statistics and Quality of Education in Botswana], Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) *[http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/documentation/Literacyinbotswana.pdf Literacy and education in Botswana bibliography] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928121434/http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.387.html Information Communication Technology in Botswana] (e nankola kitso ka kakaretso) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514091311/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Botswana.htm Profile of higher education in Botswana] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081203160324/http://www.unbotswana.org.bw/undp/docs/bots_education_final.pdf The impact of HIV/AIDS on education in Botswana] {{Education in Africa}} [[Category:Thuto mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-stub}} {{Education-stub}} == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. Bana ba kwadisiwa mo sekolong se se potlana fa ba le dingwaga di ka nna thataro. Tsamaiso ya go ruta mo thutong ya sekolo se se potlana e laolwa ke thulaganyo ya dikolo ya lefatshe. Kgaolo ya sekolo e tlhopha dikaedi tsa tsamaiso ya go ruta le dibuka tse di bontshang maemo a go ithuta a puso ya lefatshe le ditekanyetso tsa maemo a mophato o o rileng. Go na le mefuta e le mebedi ya thuto e e potlana e e ka fitlhelwang mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Puso e fa thuto ya kakaretso ka teme ya Setswana, puo e ya Setswana e dirisiwa go ruta bana ga mmogo le teme ya Sekgoa. Lekalana la dikgwebo le fa dithuto tse puo ya thuto e leng Sekgoa fela, dikolo tse di bidiwa 'dikolo tsa Sekgoa'. bmjkuwuaypim6qqb3egekuc8oyjtcac 52701 52699 2026-07-18T17:54:19Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Education stages" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1305248779|Education in Botswana]]" 52701 wikitext text/x-wiki Thuto tse''' dikgolwane mo [[Botswana|Botswana]]''' ke mahala kgotsa boitlhopelo.<ref name="ilab"> {1}Botswana {/1} [http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2005/tda2005.pdf ''2005 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor'' ]. Ba lekgotla le le inamololang mafatshe ka kakaretso, U.S. Lephata la metse selegae (2006). ''Koranta e e nale molaetsa go tsweng mo tshimologong, e e leng ponagadi ya {0 }phatalatsa.'' </ref><ref name="bbc"></ref> Mo ngwageng wa 2002, palo ya ntlha ee sa rurifadiwang e ne e le selekanyo sa lekgolo le boraro mo lekgolong, mme ee rurufaditsweng yone ya ntlha e ne e le masome a borobabobedi le motso mo lekgolong.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go kgaogangwa ga bana ba ba tsewang mo dikolong go itebagantse le palo ya baithuti ba ba kwadisiwang kwa dikolong tse di potana gape ga go amane gope le go tsena sekolo sentle ga bana. Dipalo tse di ntsha tsa go tla sekolong mo dikolong tse di potana ga di mo Botswana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go ya ka dipalo tsa ngwaga wa 2001, masome a borobabobedi le borataro mo lekgolong a bana ba ba simolotseng dithuto tse di potana ba ne ba batlile go fitlhelela kwa lokwalong lwa botlhano.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Mo tsamaisong ya thuto ya mo Botswana, basimane le basetsana ba nale tepetepano mo go fiweng dithuto. Basetsana, ka gorialo, ba ka nna ba tswa mo dikolong tse dikgolwane ka ntata ya boimana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> [[Botswana|Botswana]] o dirile tse dintsi mo go tlhabololeng thuto morago ga go tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Morago ga seo go ne go nale baalogani ba ba potana mo lefatsheng gape Batswana ba palo potana ba tsene dikolo tse dikgolwane. Ka ponagalo ya ditemane morago ga go tsaya boipuso le go oketsega ga madi a puso, go ne ga nna le koketsego ee kwa godimo ya go aba thuto mo lefatsheng. Baithuti botlhe ba ne ba fiwa dingwaga tse di lesome tsa go ithuta,se se ba fitlisetsa kwa dithutong tse dikgolwane tsa Junior Certificate. E ka ne e le bontlha bongwe jwa palo ya batho mo sekolong ba ba tsweledisang ka ngwaga tse pedi tsa mo sekolong se se golwane se se isang moithuti kwa mphong ya go fiwa setlankana sa Botswana General Certificate of Education (BGCSE). Fa o sena go tlogela sekolo, baithuti ba ne ba ka tsena sekolo mo dikolong tsa ithutelo tiro di le borataro mo lefatsheng,kgotsa ba ithuthuntsha mo dithutong dingwe tsa borutabana kgotsa booki. Moithuti yo o gaisitseng botlhe o ne a ya go tsena kwa mmadikolo ebong University of Botswana, Botswana College of Agriculture[https://web.archive.org/web/20120524171350/http://www.bca.bw/ ], le Botswana Accountancy College mo [[Gaborone|Gaborone]]. Palo ee ntsi ya bana ba kwa mmadikolo e solofetswe, fa kago ya bobedi ya mmadikolo mo lefatsheng, ebong Botswana International University of Science and Technology, e fediwa. Bontsi jwa bana ba felela ba tsene dikolo kwa dikholetsheng tse eseng tsa puso mo lefatsheng. Bontsi jwa baithuti ba tsengwa sekolo ke puso. Dipoelo ga di ise di ko di tshwantshangwe le tsa boleng jo bo rileng. Dikolo tse di potana di santse di tlhoka didirisiwa, gape barutabana ba duelwa madi aa kwa tlase go nale badiri ka bone ba kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Mo kgweding ya Ferikgong ngwaga wa 2006, Botswana o ne a simolodisa tuelo ya dithuto morago ga dingwaga ngwaga tse pedi tsa thuto ee neng e fiwa mahala .<ref name="bbc">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm | work=BBC News | title=Botswana brings back school fees | date=2006-01-11 | accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref> ==Bokhutlo== Thuto ke yone konokono ya botshelo ke moo go leng matshwanedi gore e tsewe ka tlhwaafalo.Baithuti ba tshwanetse go nna ba ithuta gore ba tle go atlega mo botshelong.Ke tshwanelo ya puso go bona gore baithuti ba fiwa dithuto tse di lebanyeng gore ba tle ba kgone go baya lefatshe mo maemong aa fa godimo bogolo jang baithuti ba kwa mmadikolo. ==Metswedi== {{reflist}} Dithuto mo Botswana di felela ka lekwalo la lesome le bobedi. ==Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle== {{commons category|Education in Botswana}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110117191700/http://www.moe.gov.bw/ Botswana Ministry of Education] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090322042351/http://www.sacmeq.org/education-botswana.htm Education Statistics and Quality of Education in Botswana], Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) *[http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/documentation/Literacyinbotswana.pdf Literacy and education in Botswana bibliography] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928121434/http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.387.html Information Communication Technology in Botswana] (e nankola kitso ka kakaretso) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514091311/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Botswana.htm Profile of higher education in Botswana] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081203160324/http://www.unbotswana.org.bw/undp/docs/bots_education_final.pdf The impact of HIV/AIDS on education in Botswana] {{Education in Africa}} [[Category:Thuto mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-stub}} {{Education-stub}} == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. Bana ba kwadisiwa mo sekolong se se potlana fa ba le dingwaga di ka nna thataro. Tsamaiso ya go ruta mo thutong ya sekolo se se potlana e laolwa ke thulaganyo ya dikolo ya lefatshe. Kgaolo ya sekolo e tlhopha dikaedi tsa tsamaiso ya go ruta le dibuka tse di bontshang maemo a go ithuta a puso ya lefatshe le ditekanyetso tsa maemo a mophato o o rileng. Go na le mefuta e le mebedi ya thuto e e potlana e e ka fitlhelwang mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Puso e fa thuto ya kakaretso ka teme ya Setswana, puo e ya Setswana e dirisiwa go ruta bana ga mmogo le teme ya Sekgoa. Lekalana la dikgwebo le fa dithuto tse puo ya thuto e leng Sekgoa fela, dikolo tse di bidiwa 'dikolo tsa Sekgoa'. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. Bana ba kwadisiwa mo sekolong se se potlana fa ba le dingwaga di ka nna thataro. Tsamaiso ya go ruta mo thutong ya sekolo se se potlana e laolwa ke thulaganyo ya dikolo ya lefatshe. Kgaolo ya sekolo e tlhopha dikaedi tsa tsamaiso ya go ruta le dibuka tse di bontshang maemo a go ithuta a puso ya lefatshe le ditekanyetso tsa maemo a mophato o o rileng. Go na le mefuta e le mebedi ya thuto e e potlana e e ka fitlhelwang mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Puso e fa thuto ya kakaretso ka teme ya Setswana, puo e ya Setswana e dirisiwa go ruta bana ga mmogo le teme ya Sekgoa. Lekalana la dikgwebo le fa dithuto tse puo ya thuto e leng Sekgoa fela, dikolo tse di bidiwa 'dikolo tsa Sekgoa'. === Thuto-kgolwane === [[Setshwantsho:Kgari_sechele_secondary_school.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Sekolo se segolwane sa Kgari Sechele, sekolo se segolwane se se tsamaisiwang ke puso.]] Thuto ya sekolo se segolwane e simolola ka lekwalo le legolwane la ntlha go fitlhelela la botlhano (sekolo se segolwane mme se le fa tlase se simolola ka lowalo la ntlha go fitlhelela kwa go la boraro; sekolo se segolwane ebile se le fa godimo se simolola ka lokwalo la bone go fitlhelela kwa go la botlhano ). Baithuti gantsi ba fiwa kgololesego e le ntsi, ba tsamaya ba ya kwa dintlwaneng tsa borutelo tse di farologaneng, ebile ba fiwa tetla ya go tlhopha dingwe tsa dithuto tsa bone tse di bidiwang dithuto tsa maitlhophelo. Dingwaga tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa thuto e e kgolwane di isa kwa setlankaneng sa dithuto tsa makgaolakgang tsa lokwalo la boraro, mme morago ga dingwaga tse dingwe tse pedi tsa go ithuta baithuti ba kwala tlhatlhobo ya makgaolakgang ya lokwalo la botlhano. === Thuto ya ithutelo-tiro === [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana|Yunibesithi ya Botswana]], Yunibesithi ya Botho, [[Sekolo se Segolwane sa Limkokwing|Yunibesithi ya Limkokwing ya Thekenoloji ya Boitlhamedi]], [https://baisago.ac.bw/ Yunibesithi ya Ba Isago], [https://abm.ac.bw/ Kholetšhe ya ABM], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome To ABM University College |url=https://abm.ac.bw/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=ABM University College |language=en-US}}</ref> Yunibesithi ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Botswana ya Maranyane le Boitseanape , <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-12 |title=Botswana International University of Science & Technology |url=https://www.biust.ac.bw/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> [https://www.bou.ac.bw/ Botswana Open University], [https://www.buan.ac.bw/ Setheo sa Botswana sa Temothuo le Ditsompelo tsa Tlhago], Yunibesithi [https://gips.co.bw/ ya Gaborone] [https://www.guc.ac.bw/ ya Dithuto] tsa Molao ke dikolo tse di fang thuto ya ithutelo tiro mo lefatsheng la Botswana. [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana|Yunibesithi ya Botswana]] ke sekolo sa setšhaba se se tlhomilweng ka ngwaga wa 1982 ka molao wa palamente <ref>{{Cite web |date=1982 |title=University of Botswana Act, 1982 |url=https://botswanalaws.com/StatutesActpdf/1982Actpdf/UNIVERSITY%20OF%20BOTSWANA%20ACT,%20NO.%2011%20OF%201982.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=Laws of Botswana}}</ref> mme ntlokgolo ya sone e kwa [[Gaborone]] . qpz08kcb5tsy15wpomsr04alg197c26 52702 52701 2026-07-18T17:55:21Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 #Wikipedia25BW 52702 wikitext text/x-wiki Thuto tse''' dikgolwane mo [[Botswana|Botswana]]''' ke mahala kgotsa boitlhopelo.<ref name="ilab"> {1}Botswana {/1} [http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2005/tda2005.pdf ''2005 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor'' ]. Ba lekgotla le le inamololang mafatshe ka kakaretso, U.S. Lephata la metse selegae (2006). ''Koranta e e nale molaetsa go tsweng mo tshimologong, e e leng ponagadi ya {0 }phatalatsa.'' </ref><ref name="bbc"></ref> Mo ngwageng wa 2002, palo ya ntlha ee sa rurifadiwang e ne e le selekanyo sa lekgolo le boraro mo lekgolong, mme ee rurufaditsweng yone ya ntlha e ne e le masome a borobabobedi le motso mo lekgolong.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go kgaogangwa ga bana ba ba tsewang mo dikolong go itebagantse le palo ya baithuti ba ba kwadisiwang kwa dikolong tse di potana gape ga go amane gope le go tsena sekolo sentle ga bana. Dipalo tse di ntsha tsa go tla sekolong mo dikolong tse di potana ga di mo Botswana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go ya ka dipalo tsa ngwaga wa 2001, masome a borobabobedi le borataro mo lekgolong a bana ba ba simolotseng dithuto tse di potana ba ne ba batlile go fitlhelela kwa lokwalong lwa botlhano.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Mo tsamaisong ya thuto ya mo Botswana, basimane le basetsana ba nale tepetepano mo go fiweng dithuto. Basetsana, ka gorialo, ba ka nna ba tswa mo dikolong tse dikgolwane ka ntata ya boimana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> [[Botswana|Botswana]] o dirile tse dintsi mo go tlhabololeng thuto morago ga go tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Morago ga seo go ne go nale baalogani ba ba potana mo lefatsheng gape Batswana ba palo potana ba tsene dikolo tse dikgolwane. Ka ponagalo ya ditemane morago ga go tsaya boipuso le go oketsega ga madi a puso, go ne ga nna le koketsego ee kwa godimo ya go aba thuto mo lefatsheng. Baithuti botlhe ba ne ba fiwa dingwaga tse di lesome tsa go ithuta,se se ba fitlisetsa kwa dithutong tse dikgolwane tsa Junior Certificate. E ka ne e le bontlha bongwe jwa palo ya batho mo sekolong ba ba tsweledisang ka ngwaga tse pedi tsa mo sekolong se se golwane se se isang moithuti kwa mphong ya go fiwa setlankana sa Botswana General Certificate of Education (BGCSE). Fa o sena go tlogela sekolo, baithuti ba ne ba ka tsena sekolo mo dikolong tsa ithutelo tiro di le borataro mo lefatsheng,kgotsa ba ithuthuntsha mo dithutong dingwe tsa borutabana kgotsa booki. Moithuti yo o gaisitseng botlhe o ne a ya go tsena kwa mmadikolo ebong University of Botswana, Botswana College of Agriculture[https://web.archive.org/web/20120524171350/http://www.bca.bw/], le Botswana Accountancy College mo [[Gaborone|Gaborone]]. Palo ee ntsi ya bana ba kwa mmadikolo e solofetswe, fa kago ya bobedi ya mmadikolo mo lefatsheng, ebong Botswana International University of Science and Technology, e fediwa. Bontsi jwa bana ba felela ba tsene dikolo kwa dikholetsheng tse eseng tsa puso mo lefatsheng. Bontsi jwa baithuti ba tsengwa sekolo ke puso. Dipoelo ga di ise di ko di tshwantshangwe le tsa boleng jo bo rileng. Dikolo tse di potana di santse di tlhoka didirisiwa, gape barutabana ba duelwa madi aa kwa tlase go nale badiri ka bone ba kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Mo kgweding ya Ferikgong ngwaga wa 2006, Botswana o ne a simolodisa tuelo ya dithuto morago ga dingwaga ngwaga tse pedi tsa thuto ee neng e fiwa mahala .<ref name="bbc">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm | work=BBC News | title=Botswana brings back school fees | date=2006-01-11 | accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref> ==Bokhutlo== Thuto ke yone konokono ya botshelo ke moo go leng matshwanedi gore e tsewe ka tlhwaafalo.Baithuti ba tshwanetse go nna ba ithuta gore ba tle go atlega mo botshelong.Ke tshwanelo ya puso go bona gore baithuti ba fiwa dithuto tse di lebanyeng gore ba tle ba kgone go baya lefatshe mo maemong aa fa godimo bogolo jang baithuti ba kwa mmadikolo. ==Metswedi== {{reflist}} Dithuto mo Botswana di felela ka lekwalo la lesome le bobedi. ==Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle== {{commons category|Education in Botswana}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110117191700/http://www.moe.gov.bw/ Botswana Ministry of Education] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090322042351/http://www.sacmeq.org/education-botswana.htm Education Statistics and Quality of Education in Botswana], Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) *[http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/documentation/Literacyinbotswana.pdf Literacy and education in Botswana bibliography] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928121434/http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.387.html Information Communication Technology in Botswana] (e nankola kitso ka kakaretso) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514091311/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Botswana.htm Profile of higher education in Botswana] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081203160324/http://www.unbotswana.org.bw/undp/docs/bots_education_final.pdf The impact of HIV/AIDS on education in Botswana] {{Education in Africa}} [[Category:Thuto mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-stub}} {{Education-stub}} == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. Bana ba kwadisiwa mo sekolong se se potlana fa ba le dingwaga di ka nna thataro. Tsamaiso ya go ruta mo thutong ya sekolo se se potlana e laolwa ke thulaganyo ya dikolo ya lefatshe. Kgaolo ya sekolo e tlhopha dikaedi tsa tsamaiso ya go ruta le dibuka tse di bontshang maemo a go ithuta a puso ya lefatshe le ditekanyetso tsa maemo a mophato o o rileng. Go na le mefuta e le mebedi ya thuto e e potlana e e ka fitlhelwang mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Puso e fa thuto ya kakaretso ka teme ya Setswana, puo e ya Setswana e dirisiwa go ruta bana ga mmogo le teme ya Sekgoa. Lekalana la dikgwebo le fa dithuto tse puo ya thuto e leng Sekgoa fela, dikolo tse di bidiwa 'dikolo tsa Sekgoa'. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. Bana ba kwadisiwa mo sekolong se se potlana fa ba le dingwaga di ka nna thataro. Tsamaiso ya go ruta mo thutong ya sekolo se se potlana e laolwa ke thulaganyo ya dikolo ya lefatshe. Kgaolo ya sekolo e tlhopha dikaedi tsa tsamaiso ya go ruta le dibuka tse di bontshang maemo a go ithuta a puso ya lefatshe le ditekanyetso tsa maemo a mophato o o rileng. Go na le mefuta e le mebedi ya thuto e e potlana e e ka fitlhelwang mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Puso e fa thuto ya kakaretso ka teme ya Setswana, puo e ya Setswana e dirisiwa go ruta bana ga mmogo le teme ya Sekgoa. Lekalana la dikgwebo le fa dithuto tse puo ya thuto e leng Sekgoa fela, dikolo tse di bidiwa 'dikolo tsa Sekgoa'. === Thuto e e kgolwane === [[Setshwantsho:Kgari_sechele_secondary_school.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Sekolo se segolwane sa Kgari Sechele, sekolo se segolwane se se tsamaisiwang ke puso.]] Thuto ya sekolo se segolwane e simolola ka lekwalo le legolwane la ntlha go fitlhelela la botlhano (sekolo se segolwane mme se le fa tlase se simolola ka lowalo la ntlha go fitlhelela kwa go la boraro; sekolo se segolwane ebile se le fa godimo se simolola ka lokwalo la bone go fitlhelela kwa go la botlhano ). Baithuti gantsi ba fiwa kgololesego e le ntsi, ba tsamaya ba ya kwa dintlwaneng tsa borutelo tse di farologaneng, ebile ba fiwa tetla ya go tlhopha dingwe tsa dithuto tsa bone tse di bidiwang dithuto tsa maitlhophelo. Dingwaga tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa thuto e e kgolwane di isa kwa setlankaneng sa dithuto tsa makgaolakgang tsa lokwalo la boraro, mme morago ga dingwaga tse dingwe tse pedi tsa go ithuta baithuti ba kwala tlhatlhobo ya makgaolakgang ya lokwalo la botlhano. === Thuto ya ithutelo-tiro === [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana|Yunibesithi ya Botswana]], Yunibesithi ya Botho, [[Sekolo se Segolwane sa Limkokwing|Yunibesithi ya Limkokwing ya Thekenoloji ya Boitlhamedi]], [https://baisago.ac.bw/ Yunibesithi ya Ba Isago], [https://abm.ac.bw/ Kholetšhe ya ABM], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome To ABM University College |url=https://abm.ac.bw/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=ABM University College |language=en-US}}</ref> Yunibesithi ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Botswana ya Maranyane le Boitseanape , <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-12 |title=Botswana International University of Science & Technology |url=https://www.biust.ac.bw/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> [https://www.bou.ac.bw/ Botswana Open University], [https://www.buan.ac.bw/ Setheo sa Botswana sa Temothuo le Ditsompelo tsa Tlhago], Yunibesithi [https://gips.co.bw/ ya Gaborone] [https://www.guc.ac.bw/ ya Dithuto] tsa Molao ke dikolo tse di fang thuto ya ithutelo tiro mo lefatsheng la Botswana. [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana|Yunibesithi ya Botswana]] ke sekolo sa setšhaba se se tlhomilweng ka ngwaga wa 1982 ka molao wa palamente <ref>{{Cite web |date=1982 |title=University of Botswana Act, 1982 |url=https://botswanalaws.com/StatutesActpdf/1982Actpdf/UNIVERSITY%20OF%20BOTSWANA%20ACT,%20NO.%2011%20OF%201982.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=Laws of Botswana}}</ref> mme ntlokgolo ya sone e kwa [[Gaborone]] . bce493wyl26m3v0i9f0r13i823jaoyt 0 3520 52750 31653 2026-07-19T07:34:35Z MmaBaggio 11091 52750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Legislature |name = National Assembly of Botswana |legislature = |background_color=#3333FF |text_color=#FFFFFF |coa_pic = Arms of Botswana.svg |session_room = |house_type = Lower house |structure1 = 2009BotswanaNationalAssembly.png |structure1_res = 250px |leader1_type = |leader1 = |party1 = |election1 = October 16, 2009 |leader2_type = |leader2 = |party2 = |election2 = |leader4_type = |leader4 = |party4 = |election4 = |members = 61 plus 2 non-voting members |political_groups1 ={{colorbox|#FF0000}} [[Botswana Democratic Party]] <br>{{colorbox|#FFB6C1}} Co-opted Members <br>{{colorbox|#FFBF00}} [[Botswana National Front]] <br>{{colorbox|#008000}} [[Botswana Congress Party]] <br>{{colorbox|#0000FF}} [[Botswana Alliance Movement]] <br>{{colorbox|#808080}} [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] |last_election1 = [[Botswana general election, 2009|October 16, 2009]] |meeting_place = |website = http://www.parliament.gov.bw/ }} {{Politics of Botswana}} '''Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana''' ke molao motheo wa lefatshe botswana yo o etleletseng pele palamente. E gakololwa ke yo o eteletseng pele ntlo ya dikgosi ,e e seng ntlo ya palamente. Khudutlhamaga ya gompieno , e ne ya tshegetsa ditlhopho tse di neng di tshwerwe ka Phalane a tlhola lesome le boratarongwaga wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe,e nale maloko a le masome a borataro le boraro .ba le masome a botlhano le bosupa ba ne ba tlhophiwa ke setshaba mo dikgaolwaneng . Fa ba le bane bone ba tlhphilwe ka (sephiri ke khudutlhamaga e e leng teng) fa ba le babedi bone ba tlhophilwe ke (tautona gape le badiri ba melao . ==Dikgang tsa palamente== ==Pego ya seemo sa setšhaba ka Motlotlegi Lt Gen== Seretse Khama Ian Khama, Tautona wa lefatshe la Botswana, mo pulong ya setlha sa botlhano sa palamente ya boferabongwe.1. Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente, ke lebogela sebaka se o se mphileng se, go itsise kokoano e e tlotlegang e, ka tshekatsheko ya diphitlhelelo tsa setšhaba sa rona ga mmogo le dikgwetlho, mo pegong ya me ya ntlha ka seemo sa setšhaba, e bile e le ya bofelo pele ga ditlhopho tsa rona tsa setšhaba. 2. Le fa go ntse jalo, re tshwanetse go itse gore, go diragatsa ditlhokego tsa setšhaba, ga go a tshwanela go lejwa mo ditirong tsa puso fela e le nosi. Bokgoni jwa go gatela pele. ==Sojwe e gana molao kakanyetso== Batho ba Sojwe ba re ga ba dumalane le molao kakanyetso wa gore ba duele matlo a bone jaaka go dirwa kwa ditoropong. Ba re ba ntse ba lebogela se puso se e se dirang ka mananeo a e a dirang a go inola Batswana mo lehumeng mme jaanong fa molao kakanyetso o o ka diragadiwa, o tsile go ba humanegisa le go isa matshelo a bone kwa tlase ka jaana go se na kwa ba tlaa tsayang teng madi.Ba buile jalo kwa phuthegong ya kgotla e e neng e tshwerwe ke mopalamente wa kgaolo eo, Major General Moeng Pheto mo bosheng fa a ne a ba lekodisa ka dingwe tsa dikgang tsa palamente e e fetileng.Mme Chaoto Ntsheki le Shoma Ramusu ba re fa molao kakanyetso oo o ka dirwa, molao o tsile go kokonela batho ba ba dikobo dikhutshwane ka jaana bangwe ba nna mo matlong a ba saleng ba a agelwa ke banna ba bone, le bana mme ba sa tlhole ba le mo botshelong.Ka molao kakanyetso wa mapolotiki a a fudugelang kwa diphathing tse dingwe, ba re dikgang tsa mofuta oo di a tshwenya e bile di isa seriti sa ditlhopho kwa tlase.Ba re a makhanselara a se ka a tsamaya ka tlhopho ya bone fa a fuduga. ==Banni ba gakololwa go tsweledisa tebelopele== Banni ba metse ya Maitengwe, Dagwi le Changate ba kopilwe go nna le seabe go diragatsa maikaelelo a Tebelopele ya setshaba ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro . Kopo eo e ntshitswe ke mopalamente wa kgaolo ya Nkange, Rre Edwin Batshu, fa a buisa diphuthego tsa kgotla mo metseng eo, ka Mosupologo. Rre Batshu a re matshego ao, ga a itebaganya le batho ba ba rileng mme ke a Motswana mongwe le mongwe.A re go nna setshaba se se rutegileng se na le kitso le mogodi go a kgonagala go diragatse tseo ka metlhale ya go rutega le go na le kitso e mentsi ebile ba ka e abelana le ba bangwe.A re go nna setshaba se se sirelegileng ga go bewe mo mapodising kana fela ba itshireletsoA re setshaba se tshwanetse go lwantsha borukutlhi, go tlhokomela loruo, le go tlogela mokgwa wa go thapa batswakwa ba ba se nang diteseletso.Rre Batshu a re ka seo ba tlaa bo ba diragatsa letshego leo.Mo go tse dingwe o ne a kopa banni ba metse eo, go tlogela diphapaano tsa sepolotiki ka jalo ba nne batho ba ba bopaganeng ba na le maikaelelo le maikemisetso a go tsweledisa metse ka ditlhabololo ba le moono mongwe wa go direla setshaba le lefatshe. A re fa ba ka nna le botho, ba bereka ka tshwaragano le lerato go sena kilano ba ka isa metse ya bone kwa Tebelopele ya 2016.A re ba le banni ba tshwanetse go tla ka maano/metlhale e e tla fokotsang seemo sa borukutlhi, koketsego ya masiela le go wela tlase ga thuo.Rre Batshu o ne a ba kopa go dirisa bokgola jwa pula ya ntlha go ya go lema le go epa disana gore ba kgone go lema ka diterekere ka lenaneo la ISPAAD. Banni ba metse eo, ba ne ba lela ka leruo la bone le le tlolelang molelwane kwa Zimbabwe, mme fa le tla mono le bo le bolawa.Kwa motseng wa Maitengwe, banni ba ne ba kopa letamo le baka nosang leruo la bone. Kwa Dagwi ba ne ba ngongorega ka tsela, mooki mo kokelwaneng le go agelwa diofisi tsa kgotla.Ba ne ba lela ka lephata la metsi le ba boletseng fa le tletse boitseme.Ba bolela fa ba na le dingwaga ba dueletse go gokelwa metsi mo malwapeng nako kgolo ke neo, le mesele e ba ne ba laetswe go e epa e setse e katagesetse.Selelo seo sa ba lephata la metsi se ne sa utlwala gape kwa motseng wa Changate.Banni ba bolela fa bangwe ba duetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa.Fa a araba matshwenyego a banni bao, mookamela lephata la metsi mo khanseleng potlana ya Tutume, Rre Vincent Ragabane, o ne a solofetsa banni ba metse eo, fa ba tla thusiwa mo bogaufing.Rre Ragabane a re motse wa Maitengwe o ne o na le palo e ntsi ya baikopedi ka jalo ba tsere nako e ntsi ba leka go gokela le go phatlalatsa metsi le motse ka bophara le go gokela mo malwapeng.A solofetsa gore tiro ya kwa motseng oo e gaufi le go wela ka jalo ba tlaa bo ba simolola mo metseng eo, ka palo ya yone e le kwa tlase.Mopalamente Batshu fa a akgela mo go mangwe a matshwenyego a banni o ne a bolela fa a ne a tsile go ba leboga le gore ba itsane.A re ka dikgomo tse di bolawang di tloletse molelwane kwa Zimbabwe, ke maikaelelo a puso go nyeletsa bolwetse jwa tlhako le molomo. ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== [http://www.sundaystandard.info Botswana] [https://web.archive.org/web/20161014043241/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/ Gaborone] ==Palo e e leng teng mo bogompienong== {{main|List of current members of the National Assembly of Botswana}} {{Botswana general election, 2009}} ==Maduo a khudutlhamaga a a fetlileng== {| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px #aaa solid;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:95%" |- bgcolor="#e8e8e8" ! align="left" rowspan="2"| Diphuthego tsa sepolotiki ! align="center" colspan="9"| Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga |- |- bgcolor="#e8e8e8" ! 1965 ! 1969 ! 1974 ! 1979 ! 1984 ! 1989 ! 1994 ! 1999 ! 2004 |- | align="left"| Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) | align="center"| 28 | align="center"| 24 | align="center"| 27 | align="center"| 29 | align="center"| 29 | align="center"| 31 | align="center"| 27 | align="center"| 33 | align="center"| 44 |- | align="left"| Botswana National Front (BNF) | align="center"| - | align="center"| 03 | align="center"| 02 | align="center"| 02 | align="center"| 04 | align="center"| 03 | align="center"| 13% | align="center"| 06 | align="center"| 12 |- | align="left"| Botswana People's Party (BPP) | align="center"| 03 | align="center"| 03 | align="center"| 02 | align="center"| 01 | align="center"| 01 | align="center"| - | align="center"| - | align="center"| - | align="center"| - |- | align="left"| Botswana Independence Party (BIP) | align="center"| - | align="center"| 01 | align="center"| 01 | align="center"| - | align="center"| - | align="center"| - | align="center"| - | align="center"| - | align="center"| - |- | align="left"| Botswana Congress Party (BCP) | align="center"| - | align="center"| - | align="center"| - | align="center"| - | align="center"| - | align="center"| - | align="center"| - | align="center"| 01 | align="center"| 01 |- | align="left"| '''Palo yotlhe''' | align="center"| '''31''' | align="center"| '''31''' | align="center"| '''32''' | align="center"| '''32''' | align="center"| '''34''' | align="center"| '''34''' | align="center"| '''40''' | align="center"| '''40''' | align="center"| '''57''' |- |} '''Tsiboga''' :Mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano , phuthego ya Botswana Democratic Party e ne e itsege ka leina la Bechuanaland Democratic party fa ya Botswana People's Party yone e ne e itsege ka la Bechuanaland People's Party. Le fa e ne e le yone phuthego e e neng e eteletsepele thata go tsweng kwa boipusong , ditlhopho tsotlhe tse di neng di tshegetswa go dumelwa gore e ne e le tsa puso ya batho ka batho, di gololesegile ebile di babalesegile. ==O ka tsibogela == *Ntlo ya dikgosi ya Botswana - yo o etleletseng pele khudutlhamaga. *Ditso tsa Botswana *Makalana a molao *Palo ya dibui tsa khudutlhamaga ya Botswana {{coord|24|39|31|S|25|54|38|E|source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}} [[Category:Tshimolodisi ya ngwaga wa 1961]] [[Category:]] [[Category:Puso ya Botswana]] cs0dbwgh98nirrzplu3c8u83hjdb0hf 0 3629 52693 52583 2026-07-18T16:08:01Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsebe e.#wikipidea25bw 52693 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Botswana_traditional_baskets.jpg|thumb|Ditlatlana ]] [[Setshwantsho:Traditional_House_at_the_national_museum_Botswana.jpg|thumb|Ntlo ya Setswana kwa motlobong wa ditso tsa Setswana]] [[Setshwantsho:Magadi_in_Kang.jpg|thumb|Magadi (lenyalo la setso)]] Kwa ntle ga go supa teme ya ditlhopha tsa batho tse di remeletseng mo [[Botswana]], ''[[Setswana]]'' ke letlhaodi le le dirisiwang go tlhalosa khumo ya ditso tsa ngwao ya Batswana - le fa e ka tswa e le maloko a merafe [[Setswana|ya Setswana]] kgotsa ya baagi fela botlhe ba lefatshe la Botswana. batswana ba dumela ngwaong e nonofileng ya Botho-Ubuntu, <nowiki>''</nowiki>Batho ga ba ikemela ka bonosi, ba tshela ka go ipelega, mme ele karolo ya sechaba, ba tshela mmogo ebile ba belegana.<ref>Turaki, Y.: 2006, Foundations of African Traditional Religion and Worldview (Word Alive Publishers, Nairobi).</ref> Batswana ba dumela mo go dirisaneng mmogo le go bopagana mmogo. Leina Batswana le dirisiwa go kaya batho ba lefatshe la Botswana le morafe wa batho ba ba dirang ngwao e tshwanang le go bua puo e tshwanang mo lefatsheng le le mabapi la Aforika Borwa. Botswana ke legae la merafe e e farologaneng, go akaretsa Batswana (jaaka Barolong, Bakwena, Bangwato, Batlokwa, Bakgatla, Baphuthing, Bataung, Bangwaketse, Batawana, Bahurutshe, Balete); BaKalanga (BaLilima, Baperi, BaWumbe, BaNambya); Ovaherero (Baherero, Ovambanderu); Wayei, Bambukushu; Veekuhane (Basubiya in Setswana); Ditlhopha tsa Khoe le San; le Batswapong le Batshweneng.<ref>[https://www.botswanaembassy.or.jp/tourist.php?La=E&Show=2 "Culture & History | Embassy of Botswana, Japan"]. ''www.botswanaembassy.or.jp''. Retrieved 2021-05-23.</ref> Nngwe le nngwe ya ditlhopha tse di na le ka fa di tsamaisang ngwao tsa tsone ka teng,le fa go ntse jalo,ka ntlha ya go nna mmogo le go nyalana dingwaga di feta lekgolo, di simolotse go tshwana,O ka kgona go bona se mo tseleng e dipuo le ditso di fetogang ka yone. Dipuo di ka farologana thata go ikaegile ka kgaolo kgotsa puo ya letso, fela tsotlhe di tsewa e le dipuo tsa Botswana. Bangwe ba Batswana le bone ba nna kwa Porofenseng ya Bokone-Bophirima jwa Aforika Borwa, gammogo le mo Botswana. == Metswedi == == Dipadi == === Alexander McCall Smith === Botswana ke lefelo la ditiragalo la motseletsele wa dipadi tsa masaitseweng ebile di tumile tse bidiwang [[:en:The_No._1_Ladies'_Detective_Agency|'The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency]] tse di kwadilweng ke [[Alexander McCall Smith]] (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1948). Moanelwamogolo e bong, Precious Ramotswe, o nna kwa [[Gaborone]] . Padi ya ntlha mo motseletseleng o wa [[:en:The_No._1_Ladies'_Detective_Agency|The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency]], e ne ya tlhagelela ka ngwaga wa 1998 kwa ga Mmamosadinyana (le ka ngwaga wa 2001 kwa Amerika). Dibuka tse di mowa-o-ko-tlase tse, di ratiwa ka ntlha ya thuto ya tsone ka matshelo a batho le go supa setso sa beng gae. Go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa motshameko wa setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego [[:en:BBC_Television|ke komponi ya BBC]] o o [[The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency (TV series)|nang le leina le le tshwanang]], mme motseletsele o, o ne wa tlhagelela ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le masome a le mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2008 kwa ga [[:en:United_Kingdom|Mmamosadinyana]], mme motseletsele otlhe o ne wa simolola ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>Dowell, Ben (2008). "BBC will screen Minghella's final drama". The Guardian. Pilot aired 23 March 2008; series premiered 15 March 2009.</ref></ref> == Dipadi == === Alexander McCall Smith === Botswana ke lefelo la ditiragalo la motseletsele wa dipadi tsa masaitseweng ebile di tumile tse bidiwang [[:en:The_No._1_Ladies'_Detective_Agency|'The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency]] tse di kwadilweng ke [[Alexander McCall Smith]] (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1948). Moanelwamogolo e bong, Precious Ramotswe, o nna kwa [[Gaborone]] . Padi ya ntlha mo motseletseleng o wa [[:en:The_No._1_Ladies'_Detective_Agency|The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency]], e ne ya tlhagelela ka ngwaga wa 1998 kwa ga Mmamosadinyana (le ka ngwaga wa 2001 kwa Amerika). Dibuka tse di mowa-o-ko-tlase tse, di ratiwa ka ntlha ya thuto ya tsone ka matshelo a batho le go supa setso sa beng gae. Go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa motshameko wa setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego [[:en:BBC_Television|ke komponi ya BBC]] o o [[The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency (TV series)|nang le leina le le tshwanang]], mme motseletsele o, o ne wa tlhagelela ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le masome a le mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2008 kwa ga [[:en:United_Kingdom|Mmamosadinyana]], mme motseletsele otlhe o ne wa simolola ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>Dowell, Ben (2008). "BBC will screen Minghella's final drama". The Guardian. Pilot aired 23 March 2008; series premiered 15 March 2009.</ref> === Norman Rush === Norman Rush, yo e neng ele mokaedi wa mokgatlho wa [[:en:Peace_Corps|Peace Corps]] mo Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1978 go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 1983, o ne a dirisa Botswana ele lefelo la ditiragalo mo dibukeng tsotlhe tsa gagwe tse di gatisitsweng, tse ka kakaretso di itebagantseng le baagi ba batswakwa. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Mugoti |first=Godfrey |date=2009 |title=Africa (a-z). |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Plvuddy_4NYC&q=Norman+Rush,+who+served+as+a+Peace+Corps+director+in+Botswana+from+1978+to+1983,+uses+the+country+as+the+setting+of+all+of+his+published+books,+which+gener&pg=PA71 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4357-2890-5 |language=en}}</ref> == Dipadi == === Unity Dow === [[Unity Dow]] (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1959) ke moatlhodi, molwela ditshwanelo tsa batho, e bile ke mokwadi go kwa lefatsheng la Botswana. O goletse kwa magaeng mme o godisitswe ka mekgwa ya setso sa Aferika. Mme wa gagwe o ne a sa kgone go bala Sekgoa, mme gantsi go tsaya ditshwetso e ne e le tiro ya borre. O ne a tswelela go nna mmueledi mme bontsi jwa dithutego tsa ga gagwe o ne a di diretse kwa moseja. Dithutego tse tsa gagwe, di ne tsa baka gore batho ba mo tlotle fa ba bangwe ba ne ba nna le dipelaelo.<ref><ref>Unity Dow (born 1959) grew up in a traditional rural village; her mother could read and write Setswana but not English, and she later studied law partly in Scotland, reflecting Western education. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Unity Dow === [[Unity Dow]] (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1959) ke moatlhodi, molwela ditshwanelo tsa batho, e bile ke mokwadi go kwa lefatsheng la Botswana. O goletse kwa magaeng mme o godisitswe ka mekgwa ya setso sa Aferika. Mme wa gagwe o ne a sa kgone go bala Sekgoa, mme gantsi go tsaya ditshwetso e ne e le tiro ya borre. O ne a tswelela go nna mmueledi mme bontsi jwa dithutego tsa ga gagwe o ne a di diretse kwa moseja. Dithutego tse tsa gagwe, di ne tsa baka gore batho ba mo tlotle fa ba bangwe ba ne ba nna le dipelaelo.<ref><ref>Unity Dow (born 1959) grew up in a traditional rural village; her mother could read and write Setswana but not English, and she later studied law partly in Scotland, reflecting Western education. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref> Jaaka mmueledi, o ne a akgolwa thata ka ntlha ya boemo jwa gagwe mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi. E ne e le mongongoregi mo tshekong e e neng e letlelela gore bana ba basadi ba ba ba tshodisitsweng ke batswaka ba lemogiwe fa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|e le Batswana]] . Ngwao le molao wa pele ga o ne o supa fa ngwana a ka nna Motswana fela fa ntate wa gagwe e le Motswana. Moragonyana o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha go nna moatlhodi wa kgotla-tshekelo-kgolo mo Botswana.<ref><ref>Dow, Unity. “Attorney General of Botswana v. Unity Dow (1992)”. Botswana Court of Appeal; she challenged laws denying citizenship through mothers, leading to recognition of women’s rights in nationality law; later became Botswana’s first female High Court judge. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref> == Dipadi == === Unity Dow === [[Unity Dow]] (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1959) ke moatlhodi, molwela ditshwanelo tsa batho, e bile ke mokwadi go kwa lefatsheng la Botswana. O goletse kwa magaeng mme o godisitswe ka mekgwa ya setso sa Aferika. Mme wa gagwe o ne a sa kgone go bala Sekgoa, mme gantsi go tsaya ditshwetso e ne e le tiro ya borre. O ne a tswelela go nna mmueledi mme bontsi jwa dithutego tsa ga gagwe o ne a di diretse kwa moseja. Dithutego tse tsa gagwe, di ne tsa baka gore batho ba mo tlotle fa ba bangwe ba ne ba nna le dipelaelo.<ref><ref>Unity Dow (born 1959) grew up in a traditional rural village; her mother could read and write Setswana but not English, and she later studied law partly in Scotland, reflecting Western education. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref> Jaaka mmueledi, o ne a akgolwa thata ka ntlha ya boemo jwa gagwe mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi. E ne e le mongongoregi mo tshekong e e neng e letlelela gore bana ba basadi ba ba ba tshodisitsweng ke batswaka ba lemogiwe fa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|e le Batswana]] . Ngwao le molao wa pele ga o ne o supa fa ngwana a ka nna Motswana fela fa ntate wa gagwe e le Motswana. Moragonyana o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha go nna moatlhodi wa kgotla-tshekelo-kgolo mo Botswana.<ref><ref>Dow, Unity. “Attorney General of Botswana v. Unity Dow (1992)”. Botswana Court of Appeal; she challenged laws denying citizenship through mothers, leading to recognition of women’s rights in nationality law; later became Botswana’s first female High Court judge. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref> Jaaka mokwadi, o gatisitse dibuka di le tharo. Gantsi setlhogo sa dibuka tse ke dikgang tse di amanang le kgogakgogana fa gare ga mekgwa ya botshelo ya kwa moseja le ya setso. Fa godimo ga moo, di akaretsa kgatlhego ya gagwe mo dikgannyeng tsa bong le lehuma la setšhaba sa Botswana.<ref><ref>“Unity Dow”. Wikipedia. She has published multiple novels that address tensions between Western and traditional values, as well as gender issues and social challenges in Botswana. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref> === Bessie Head === == Dipadi == === Unity Dow === [[Unity Dow]] (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1959) ke moatlhodi, molwela ditshwanelo tsa batho, e bile ke mokwadi go kwa lefatsheng la Botswana. O goletse kwa magaeng mme o godisitswe ka mekgwa ya setso sa Aferika. Mme wa gagwe o ne a sa kgone go bala Sekgoa, mme gantsi go tsaya ditshwetso e ne e le tiro ya borre. O ne a tswelela go nna mmueledi mme bontsi jwa dithutego tsa ga gagwe o ne a di diretse kwa moseja. Dithutego tse tsa gagwe, di ne tsa baka gore batho ba mo tlotle fa ba bangwe ba ne ba nna le dipelaelo.<ref><ref>Unity Dow (born 1959) grew up in a traditional rural village; her mother could read and write Setswana but not English, and she later studied law partly in Scotland, reflecting Western education. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref> Jaaka mmueledi, o ne a akgolwa thata ka ntlha ya boemo jwa gagwe mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi. E ne e le mongongoregi mo tshekong e e neng e letlelela gore bana ba basadi ba ba ba tshodisitsweng ke batswaka ba lemogiwe fa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|e le Batswana]] . Ngwao le molao wa pele ga o ne o supa fa ngwana a ka nna Motswana fela fa ntate wa gagwe e le Motswana. Moragonyana o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha go nna moatlhodi wa kgotla-tshekelo-kgolo mo Botswana.<ref><ref>Dow, Unity. “Attorney General of Botswana v. Unity Dow (1992)”. Botswana Court of Appeal; she challenged laws denying citizenship through mothers, leading to recognition of women’s rights in nationality law; later became Botswana’s first female High Court judge. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref></ref> Jaaka mokwadi, o gatisitse dibuka di le tharo. Gantsi setlhogo sa dibuka tse ke dikgang tse di amanang le kgogakgogana fa gare ga mekgwa ya botshelo ya kwa moseja le ya setso. Fa godimo ga moo, di akaretsa kgatlhego ya gagwe mo dikgannyeng tsa bong le lehuma la setšhaba sa Botswana.<ref><ref>“Unity Dow”. Wikipedia. She has published multiple novels that address tensions between Western and traditional values, as well as gender issues and social challenges in Botswana. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref></ref> === Bessie Head === == Dipadi == === Unity Dow === [[Unity Dow]] (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1959) ke moatlhodi, molwela ditshwanelo tsa batho, e bile ke mokwadi go kwa lefatsheng la Botswana. O goletse kwa magaeng mme o godisitswe ka mekgwa ya setso sa Aferika. Mme wa gagwe o ne a sa kgone go bala Sekgoa, mme gantsi go tsaya ditshwetso e ne e le tiro ya borre. O ne a tswelela go nna mmueledi mme bontsi jwa dithutego tsa ga gagwe o ne a di diretse kwa moseja. Dithutego tse tsa gagwe, di ne tsa baka gore batho ba mo tlotle fa ba bangwe ba ne ba nna le dipelaelo.<ref><ref>Unity Dow (born 1959) grew up in a traditional rural village; her mother could read and write Setswana but not English, and she later studied law partly in Scotland, reflecting Western education. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref></ref> Jaaka mmueledi, o ne a akgolwa thata ka ntlha ya boemo jwa gagwe mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi. E ne e le mongongoregi mo tshekong e e neng e letlelela gore bana ba basadi ba ba ba tshodisitsweng ke batswaka ba lemogiwe fa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|e le Batswana]] . Ngwao le molao wa pele ga o ne o supa fa ngwana a ka nna Motswana fela fa ntate wa gagwe e le Motswana. Moragonyana o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha go nna moatlhodi wa kgotla-tshekelo-kgolo mo Botswana.<ref><ref>Dow, Unity. “Attorney General of Botswana v. Unity Dow (1992)”. Botswana Court of Appeal; she challenged laws denying citizenship through mothers, leading to recognition of women’s rights in nationality law; later became Botswana’s first female High Court judge. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref></ref> Jaaka mokwadi, o gatisitse dibuka di le tharo. Gantsi setlhogo sa dibuka tse ke dikgang tse di amanang le kgogakgogana fa gare ga mekgwa ya botshelo ya kwa moseja le ya setso. Fa godimo ga moo, di akaretsa kgatlhego ya gagwe mo dikgannyeng tsa bong le lehuma la setšhaba sa Botswana.<ref><ref>“Unity Dow”. Wikipedia. She has published multiple novels that address tensions between Western and traditional values, as well as gender issues and social challenges in Botswana. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref></ref> === Bessie Head === [[Bessie Head]] ( yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa1937 mme a tshela go fitlhelela ngwaga wa 1986) ke mokwadi yo o itsegeng thata mo Borwa jwa Aferika. Ka 1964, o ne a tshabela puso ya tlhaolele kwa Aferika Borwa kwa Botswana mme a feta a kwala dibuka ka lefatshe la Botswana. O ne a nna koo go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1964 (fa e ne e santse e le [[Bechuanaland]]) go fitlhelela a tlhokafala a le dingwaga di le masome a mane le boferabongwe ka ngwaga wa 1986. O ne a nna kwa motseng wa [[Serowe]], mme dibuka tsa gagwe tse di tumileng thata go akaretsa ''[[When Rain Clouds Gather|Fa Maru a Pula a Kopana]]'', ''[[Maru (padi)|Maru]]'', le ''Potso ya Maatla'' di beilwe koo.<ref><ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Bessie Head." https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bessie-Head</ref></ref> === Susan Williams === == Dipadi == === Unity Dow === [[Unity Dow]] (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1959) ke moatlhodi, molwela ditshwanelo tsa batho, e bile ke mokwadi go kwa lefatsheng la Botswana. O goletse kwa magaeng mme o godisitswe ka mekgwa ya setso sa Aferika. Mme wa gagwe o ne a sa kgone go bala Sekgoa, mme gantsi go tsaya ditshwetso e ne e le tiro ya borre. O ne a tswelela go nna mmueledi mme bontsi jwa dithutego tsa ga gagwe o ne a di diretse kwa moseja. Dithutego tse tsa gagwe, di ne tsa baka gore batho ba mo tlotle fa ba bangwe ba ne ba nna le dipelaelo.<ref><ref>Unity Dow (born 1959) grew up in a traditional rural village; her mother could read and write Setswana but not English, and she later studied law partly in Scotland, reflecting Western education. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref></ref> Jaaka mmueledi, o ne a akgolwa thata ka ntlha ya boemo jwa gagwe mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi. E ne e le mongongoregi mo tshekong e e neng e letlelela gore bana ba basadi ba ba ba tshodisitsweng ke batswaka ba lemogiwe fa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|e le Batswana]] . Ngwao le molao wa pele ga o ne o supa fa ngwana a ka nna Motswana fela fa ntate wa gagwe e le Motswana. Moragonyana o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha go nna moatlhodi wa kgotla-tshekelo-kgolo mo Botswana.<ref><ref>Dow, Unity. “Attorney General of Botswana v. Unity Dow (1992)”. Botswana Court of Appeal; she challenged laws denying citizenship through mothers, leading to recognition of women’s rights in nationality law; later became Botswana’s first female High Court judge. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref></ref> Jaaka mokwadi, o gatisitse dibuka di le tharo. Gantsi setlhogo sa dibuka tse ke dikgang tse di amanang le kgogakgogana fa gare ga mekgwa ya botshelo ya kwa moseja le ya setso. Fa godimo ga moo, di akaretsa kgatlhego ya gagwe mo dikgannyeng tsa bong le lehuma la setšhaba sa Botswana.<ref><ref>“Unity Dow”. Wikipedia. She has published multiple novels that address tensions between Western and traditional values, as well as gender issues and social challenges in Botswana. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Dow</ref></ref> === Bessie Head === [[Bessie Head]] ( yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa1937 mme a tshela go fitlhelela ngwaga wa 1986) ke mokwadi yo o itsegeng thata mo Borwa jwa Aferika. Ka 1964, o ne a tshabela puso ya tlhaolele kwa Aferika Borwa kwa Botswana mme a feta a kwala dibuka ka lefatshe la Botswana. O ne a nna koo go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1964 (fa e ne e santse e le [[Bechuanaland]]) go fitlhelela a tlhokafala a le dingwaga di le masome a mane le boferabongwe ka ngwaga wa 1986. O ne a nna kwa motseng wa [[Serowe]], mme dibuka tsa gagwe tse di tumileng thata go akaretsa ''[[When Rain Clouds Gather|Fa Maru a Pula a Kopana]]'', ''[[Maru (padi)|Maru]]'', le ''Potso ya Maatla'' di beilwe koo.<ref><ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Bessie Head." https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bessie-Head</ref></ref> === Susan Williams === Buka ya setlhogo sa '''Color Bar: Go fenya ga ga [[Seretse Khama]] le morafe wa gagwe' e e kwadilweng ke mme Susan Williams yo e leng mokwadi le moitseanape wa ditso'', e bua ka dikgang tsa [[:en:Interracial_marriage|lenyalo fa gare ga batho ba merafe e e farologaneng]] le mathata a rre [[Seretse Khama]] le mohumagadi wa gagwe mme [[Ruth Williams Khama]] ba iphitlhetseng ba lebagane le one. Kokoanyo ya dibuka tse di kwadilweng ka bokhutshwane di supa dipolelo tsa nnete ebile di tshegisa go akaretsa 'Whatever You Do, Don't Run', (e e golotsweng kwa ga [[:en:United_Kingdom|Mmamosadinyana]] le [[Aforika Borwa|Aferikaborwa]] ka setlhogo sa 'Dont Run Whatever You Do' ), e na le dipolelo di le dintsi go tswa kwa lefatsheng la Botswana tse di kwadilweng ke mokaedi wa diphologolo tsa naga, rre [[:en:Peter_Allison|Peter Allison]] .<ref>{{cite book |last=Allison |first=Peter |year=2007 |title=Whatever You Do, Don't Run: True Tales of a Botswana Safari Guide |publisher=Globe Pequot Press |isbn=9780762745654}}</ref> == Dipadi == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana_traditional_baskets.jpg|thumb|Ditlatlana ]] [[Setshwantsho:Traditional_House_at_the_national_museum_Botswana.jpg|thumb|Ntlo ya Setswana kwa motlobong wa ditso tsa Setswana]] [[Setshwantsho:Magadi_in_Kang.jpg|thumb|Magadi (lenyalo la setso)]] Kwa ntle ga go supa teme ya ditlhopha tsa batho tse di remeletseng mo [[Botswana]], ''[[Setswana]]'' ke letlhaodi le le dirisiwang go tlhalosa khumo ya ditso tsa ngwao ya Batswana - le fa e ka tswa e le maloko a merafe [[Setswana|ya Setswana]] kgotsa ya baagi fela botlhe ba lefatshe la Botswana. === Alexander McCall Smith === Botswana ke lefelo la ditiragalo la motseletsele wa dipadi tsa masaitseweng ebile di tumile tse bidiwang [[:en:The_No._1_Ladies'_Detective_Agency|'The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency]] tse di kwadilweng ke [[Alexander McCall Smith]] (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1948). Moanelwamogolo e bong, Precious Ramotswe, o nna kwa [[Gaborone]] . Padi ya ntlha mo motseletseleng o wa [[:en:The_No._1_Ladies'_Detective_Agency|The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency]], e ne ya tlhagelela ka ngwaga wa 1998 kwa ga Mmamosadinyana (le ka ngwaga wa 2001 kwa Amerika). Dibuka tse di mowa-o-ko-tlase tse, di ratiwa ka ntlha ya thuto ya tsone ka matshelo a batho le go supa setso sa beng gae. Go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa motshameko wa setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego [[:en:BBC_Television|ke komponi ya BBC]] o o [[The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency (TV series)|nang le leina le le tshwanang]], mme motseletsele o, o ne wa tlhagelela ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le masome a le mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2008 kwa ga [[:en:United_Kingdom|Mmamosadinyana]], mme motseletsele otlhe o ne wa simolola ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Carrion_Death.html?id=POM3tkiTzIAC</ref></ref> === Norman Rush === Norman Rush, yo e neng ele mokaedi wa mokgatlho wa [[:en:Peace_Corps|Peace Corps]] mo Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1978 go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 1983, o ne a dirisa Botswana ele lefelo la ditiragalo mo dibukeng tsotlhe tsa gagwe tse di gatisitsweng, tse ka kakaretso di itebagantseng le baagi ba batswakwa. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Mugoti |first=Godfrey |date=2009 |title=Africa (a-z). |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Plvuddy_4NYC&q=Norman+Rush,+who+served+as+a+Peace+Corps+director+in+Botswana+from+1978+to+1983,+uses+the+country+as+the+setting+of+all+of+his+published+books,+which+gener&pg=PA71 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4357-2890-5 |language=en}}</ref> === Unity Dow === [[Unity Dow]] (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1959) ke moatlhodi, molwela ditshwanelo tsa batho, e bile ke mokwadi go kwa lefatsheng la Botswana. O goletse kwa magaeng mme o godisitswe ka mekgwa ya setso sa Aferika. Mme wa gagwe o ne a sa kgone go bala Sekgoa, mme gantsi go tsaya ditshwetso e ne e le tiro ya borre. O ne a tswelela go nna mmueledi mme bontsi jwa dithutego tsa ga gagwe o ne a di diretse kwa moseja. Dithutego tse tsa gagwe, di ne tsa baka gore batho ba mo tlotle fa ba bangwe ba ne ba nna le dipelaelo.<ref></ref> Jaaka mmueledi, o ne a akgolwa thata ka ntlha ya boemo jwa gagwe mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi. E ne e le mongongoregi mo tshekong e e neng e letlelela gore bana ba basadi ba ba ba tshodisitsweng ke batswaka ba lemogiwe fa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|e le Batswana]] . Ngwao le molao wa pele ga o ne o supa fa ngwana a ka nna Motswana fela fa ntate wa gagwe e le Motswana. Moragonyana o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha go nna moatlhodi wa kgotla-tshekelo-kgolo mo Botswana.<ref></ref> Jaaka mokwadi, o gatisitse dibuka di le tharo. Gantsi setlhogo sa dibuka tse ke dikgang tse di amanang le kgogakgogana fa gare ga mekgwa ya botshelo ya kwa moseja le ya setso. Fa godimo ga moo, di akaretsa kgatlhego ya gagwe mo dikgannyeng tsa bong le lehuma la setšhaba sa Botswana.<ref></ref> === Bessie Head === [[Bessie Head]] ( yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa1937 mme a tshela go fitlhelela ngwaga wa 1986) ke mokwadi yo o itsegeng thata mo Borwa jwa Aferika. Ka 1964, o ne a tshabela puso ya tlhaolele kwa Aferika Borwa kwa Botswana mme a feta a kwala dibuka ka lefatshe la Botswana. O ne a nna koo go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1964 (fa e ne e santse e le [[Bechuanaland]]) go fitlhelela a tlhokafala a le dingwaga di le masome a mane le boferabongwe ka ngwaga wa 1986. O ne a nna kwa motseng wa [[Serowe]], mme dibuka tsa gagwe tse di tumileng thata go akaretsa ''[[When Rain Clouds Gather|Fa Maru a Pula a Kopana]]'', ''[[Maru (padi)|Maru]]'', le ''Potso ya Maatla'' di beilwe koo.<ref></ref> === Susan Williams === Buka ya setlhogo sa '''Color Bar: Go fenya ga ga [[Seretse Khama]] le morafe wa gagwe' e e kwadilweng ke mme Susan Williams yo e leng mokwadi le moitseanape wa ditso'', e bua ka dikgang tsa [[:en:Interracial_marriage|lenyalo fa gare ga batho ba merafe e e farologaneng]] le mathata a rre [[Seretse Khama]] le mohumagadi wa gagwe mme [[Ruth Williams Khama]] ba iphitlhetseng ba lebagane le one. Kokoanyo ya dibuka tse di kwadilweng ka bokhutshwane di supa dipolelo tsa nnete ebile di tshegisa go akaretsa 'Whatever You Do, Don't Run', (e e golotsweng kwa ga [[:en:United_Kingdom|Mmamosadinyana]] le [[Aforika Borwa|Aferikaborwa]] ka setlhogo sa 'Dont Run Whatever You Do' ), e na le dipolelo di le dintsi go tswa kwa lefatsheng la Botswana tse di kwadilweng ke mokaedi wa diphologolo tsa naga, rre [[:en:Peter_Allison|Peter Allison]] .<ref>{{cite book |last=Allison |first=Peter |year=2007 |title=Whatever You Do, Don't Run: True Tales of a Botswana Safari Guide |publisher=Globe Pequot Press |isbn=9780762745654}}</ref> === Michael Stanley === Ka ngwaga wa 2008, padi ya masaitsiweng ya setlhogo sa '<nowiki/>''A Carrion Death''' e e kwadilweng ke Michael Stanley e ne ya itsise ka rre [[David "Kubu" Bengu|David " Kubu " Bengu]] yo e neng e le lepodisi le le itebagantseng le ditlhotlhomiso mo lephateng la dipatlisiso tsa borukutlhi mo Botswana . Rre Kubu yo o sa lebalesegeng o nna mo Gaborone. Padi e, ke tsamaiso ya sepodisi e gape e neelang matseno a Botswana wa segompieno.<ref>https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Carrion_Death.html?id=POM3tkiTzIAC</ref> === Bakwadi ba bangwe === * [[:en:Caitlin_Davies|Caitlin Davies]], yo o tsholetsweng kwa ga Mmamosadinyana * [[Unity Dow]] * [[Bessie Head]], o o tsholetsweng kwa Aferikaborwa * [[Moteane Melamu]] * [[Barolong Seboni]] mmoki * [[Andrew Sesinyi]] == Bobegadikgang == Padi e kgolo == Botaki == Kwa bokone jwa lefatshe la Botswana, basad ba BaYeyi le Mambukushu mo metseng ya Etsha le Gumare ba itege thata ka bokgoni jwa bone jwa go loga ditlatlana (ditlatlana tsa Botswana) ka setlhare sa mokola le go metako yamo gae. Ditlatlana tse, gantsi di logwa ka mefuta e m eraro ; ditlatlana tse ditona tse di si nang le dikhurumelo, tse di irisisiwang go beela dilo, tse dikgolwane mme di budlegile, tse di rwalwang mo tlhogong kana di ka dirisetswa go tlhotlha mabele a a thubilweng. le megopo e mitlha e e diresetswang go tlhotlha mabele a a sidilweng. Botaki jwa ditlatlna tse, bo ntse bo a tokafadiwa ka dinako tsotlhe ka tiriso ya mebala le meralo e e bokota fa ntse di logelwa go rekisiwa mo kgwebong. Mafelo a mangwe a tunumileng mo go tsa botaki le tiro ya diable a akareetsa Thamaga Pottery kana Oodi Weavers, a a mo borwa -bolhaba jwa lefatshe la Botswana. Ditshwantsho tsa botaki tsa bogologolo thata tsa kwa Botswana le Aforika Borwa di supa go tsoma , di na le ditshwantsho tsa diphologolo le tsa batho, mme di ne tsa thapiwa/tshwantshiwa ke Basarwa/Kung San dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi (20000) tse di fetileng mo teng ga sekaka sa Kgalagadi. == Mmino == r7muks8m3fjr01nxsfr5tvk2rr9m6j6 0 7645 52738 52577 2026-07-19T00:33:45Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = | name = Duma Gideon Boko | honorific-suffix = | image =Duma Boko 2025 (cropped).jpg | order = | office = Tautona wa [[Umbrella for Democratic Change|UDC]] | term_start = | term_start2 = Ngwanatsele 2014 | term_end2 = 5 Ngwanatsele 2019 | predecessor2 = | successor2 = [[Dumelang Saleshando]] | office3 = | term_start3 = | term_end3 = | predecessor3 = | successor3 = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|12|31}} | birth_place = [[Mahalapye]], Botswana | nationality = [[Botswana|Motswana]] | party = [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] | spouse = | children = | relations = | parents = | residence = [[Gaborone]] | alma_mater = [[Harvard Law School]], [[University of Botswana]] | profession = [[Lawyer]], Academic, [[bureaucrat]] | religion = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = |caption=2025}} [[Setshwantsho:Duma Boko, 2019 elections.png|thumb|Duma Boko]] '''Duma Gideon Boko''' ( o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le masome a mararo le bongwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabongwe (1969) ke radipolotiki le mmueledi wa Motswana yo mo gompienong a direlang jaaka [[:en:President_of_Botswana|Tautona]] wa borataro wa Botswana fa e sale ka kgwedi a Ngwanaatsele e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024) le moeteledipele wa [[:en:Umbrella_for_Democratic_Change|Umbrella for Democratic Change]] fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012).<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Duma-Boko "Duma Boko | Biography, Education, Wife, Age, & Facts | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''. 15 January 2025. Retrieved 20 January 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/duma-boko-sworn-in-as-botswana-s-new-president/3381189 "Duma Boko sworn in as Botswana's new president"]. ''www.aa.com.tr''. Retrieved 1 November 2024</ref> O ne a direla jaaka [[:en:Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Botswana)|Moeteledipele wa Kganetso]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019)'''.''' One a etelela pele lekoko [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|BNF]] ka ngwaga wa 2010. le go tsena mo tirisanyong mmogo le makoko a mangwe a sepolotiki a kganetso ka fa tlase ga bokopano jo bo bidiwang ''[[:en:Umbrella_for_Democratic_Change|Umbrella for Democratic Change]]'' (UDC) o ne a etelela pele jaaka mogogi wa maloko a kganetso mo ditlhopong tsa lefatshe la Botswana ka [[:en:2014_Botswana_general_election|2014]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Independent Electoral Commission – Botswana National Assembly, 2014 |url=https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/documents/2014%20General%20Elections%20Report.pdf |access-date=2025-10-15 |archive-date=2022-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628124457/https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/documents/2014%20General%20Elections%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>le [[:en:2019_Botswana_general_election|2019]].<ref>Tafa, Abednego B.; Zuze, Keireng A. (2 December 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240608173526/https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/Botswana_2019_General_Elections_REPORT(1).pdf Report to the Minister for Presidential Affairs, Governance and Public Administration on the 2019 General Elections] (PDF) (Report). Independent Electoral Commission Batswana. p. 19. Retrieved 3 November 2024.</ref> Kwa ditlhophong tsa gwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), o ne a etelela lekoko la gagwe pele go ya phenyong mme a ikanisiwa jaaka Tautona wa Botswana ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele a thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse* -pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024).<ref>Kupemba, Danai Nesta (2 November 2024). [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2yx5nk1l0o "Botswana's politician who did the unthinkable".] [[:en:BBC_News|BBC News.]] Retrieved 3 November 2024.</ref> Ke ene wa ntlha, mme go fitlha ga jaana ke ene fela tautona mo hisitoring ya Botswana yo o sa tseneng mo lekokong la [[:en:Botswana_Democratic_Party|Botswana Democratic Party]]. Boko o tsewa e le [[:en:Social_democracy|motemokerasi wa loago]].<ref name=":1">Sebudubudu, David (6 November 2024)[https://theconversation.com/botswanas-new-president-who-is-duma-boko-and-what-does-he-stand-for-242963 . "Botswana's new president: who is Duma Boko and what does he stand for?".] ''The Conversation''. Retrieved 11 August 2025.</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Boko o tsholetswe mo motseng wa [[Mahalapye]] <ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2yx5nk1l0o "Botswana election: Duma Boko - the politician who did the unthinkable"]. ''www.bbc.com''. Retrieved 7 November 2024</ref> ka kgwedi ya Sedimontlhole e thola malatsi a masome a mararo le bongwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabongwe (1969). O tsene sekolo se se potlana go ya go ema ka se se golwane gone ko motseng wa [[Mahalapye]]. Rraagwe yo o tlhokafetseng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004) o ne a dira jaaka motlhatlheledi kwa Madiba Brigades. O na le kgaitsadie, Emma Boko.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20240305043235/https://democracyheroesaward.com/2023/08/31/meet-your-hero-president-duma-gideon-boko-udc-presidential-candidate-botswana/ "Meet Your Hero. President Duma Gideon Boko. UDC Presidential Candidate Botswana".] ''Democracy Heroes Award''. Archived from [https://democracyheroesaward.com/2023/08/31/meet-your-hero-president-duma-gideon-boko-udc-presidential-candidate-botswana/ the original] on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1987), Boko o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana|yunibesithing ya Botswana]]. O ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la Lekgotla la Baemedi ba Baithuti (SRC). Gareng ga baithutimmogo le ene ba molao e ne e le baatlhodi ba kgotlatshekelokgolo Michael Leburu, Key Dingake, Bengbame Sechele le Lot Moroka. Fa a sena go aloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabngwe le boraro (1993), o ne a tsena [[:en:Harvard_Law_School|Sekolo sa Molao sa Harvard]], kwa a neng a bona [[:en:Master_of_Laws|dikirii ya Masetase ya Melao]] gone.<ref>Mathala, Sharon (8 September 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180220152011/https://thevoicebw.com/loo-flushes-away-bmds-woes/ "The loo flushes away BMD'S woes".] ''The Voice''. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.</ref> == Tiro == Boko o ne a boela go ya go ruta molao kwa Mmadikolo wa Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro (1993) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003),<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171007021118/http://www.udc.org.bw/dumaboko.html "President Duma Boko".] ''Umbrella for Democratic change''. UDC. Archived from [http://www.udc.org.bw/dumaboko.html the original] on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.</ref>fa gape a ne a tsamaisa feme ya molao. Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi (2000), o ne a kwala kholomo mo pampiring ya dikgang ya ''The Monitor'' e mo go yona a neng a bolela gore baatlhodi ba ne ba sa gatelele pele mo tlhaloganyong.<ref name=":0" />O ne a supa fa a kgobegile marapo ka gore barutegi le baatlhodi ga ba dire dipatlisiso tse di lekaneng go ka atlhola ka kitso. == Polotiki == Rre Boko o ne a tlhongwa moeteledipele wa lekoko la sepolotiki la Botswana National Front (BNF) ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010 ).<ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=3658&dir=2010/July/Thursday22/ "Mmegi Online :: Boko victorious; elected BNF president"]. ''Mmegi Online''. 22 July 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2020.</ref>Maemo a gagwe le boloko jwa lekoko di ne tsa gwetlhiwa ka mabaka a gore fa BNF e kgaogana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi (2000), o ne a fetogile leloko le le simolotseng National Democratic Front (NDF).<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/bnf-backs-bokoocos-membership-claim/ "BNF backs Boko's membership claim".] ''Sunday Standard''. 11 July 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2020.</ref>Fa seno se ka supiwa, go ya ka molaotheo wa BNF, se tlaa mo kgaola mo maemong a boeteledipele mo lekokong dingwaga di le tharo morago ga go le tsenela gape. O ne a fenya kwa kgotlatshekelo.O ne a rua mokgatlho o o neng o le mo tatlhegelong ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga [[Otsweletse Moupo]].<ref name=":0" /> BNF e ne ya kopana le Mokgatlho o mosha wa Botswana Movement for Democracy (BMD), o o neng o le karolo ya Mokgatlho wa Temokerasi wa Botswana, le Mokgatlho wa Batho ba Botswana go bopa Sekhukhu sa Phetogo ya Temokerasi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170202062250/http://www.udc.org.bw/history.html "Brief History | UDC".] ''www.udc.org.bw''. Retrieved 30 May 2020.</ref>Maloko mangwe a BNF a ne a le kgatlhanong thata le kopano eno, ba bolela gore tiro eno e tla dira gore lekoko la bone le nyelele.<ref>Mehler, Andreas (1 January 2013). "V. Central Africa". ''Africa Yearbook Volume 9''. BRILL. pp.&#x20;451–454. doi:[[doi:10.1163/9789004256002_006|10.1163/9789004256002_006]]. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-90-04-25600-2</bdi>.</ref>Dikgetsi kgatlhanong le Boko le komiti ya gagwe ya bogareng di ne tsa tlhatlhelwa fa pele ga kgotlatshekelokgolo. Boko le BNF ba fentse dikgwetlho tsotlhe tsa kgotlatshekelo.<ref>Kaelo, Goitsemodimo (29 July 2019). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/boko-wins-principal-residence-objection-case/news "Boko Wins 'Principal Residence' Objection Case".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> === '''Ditlhopho tsa 2014''' === Mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa dingwaga tsa masome a mabedi le lesome le bone (2014), Boko o ne a etelela UDC pele go nna mo maemong a bobedi mo Kokoanong Bosetšhaba, a fenya manno a le lesome le bosupa go ya kwa Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) a le masome a mararo le bosupa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141027143920/http://electionsbotswana.org/ "Elections Botswana"]. ''Elections Botswana''. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2020.</ref>Boko o ne a nna moeteledipele wa kganetso. === Ditlhopo tsa 2019 === Mo ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borababongwe (2019), Boko o ne a fenngwa ke [[Anna Mokgethi]] wa phathi ya BDP mo kgaolong ya botlhophi ya Gaborone Bonnington Bokone. Ka ntlha ya go fenngwa ga gagwe, o ne a latlhegelwa ke sereto sa gagwe sa moeteledipele wa kganetso kwa Kokoanong Bosetšhaba ya bo lesome le bobedi.<ref>Basimanebotlhe, Tsaone (18 November 2019)[https://www.mmegi.bw/news/duma-boko-petitions-constituency-election-outcome/news . "Duma Boko Petitions Constituency Election Outcome"]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 4 May 2024.</ref>Boko o boletse fa ka nako ya ditlhopho setshaba tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borababongwe (2019), go nnile le tsietso e ntsi ya ditlhopho le tsietso e e dirilweng ke BDP go rata Tautona [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]. O boletse fa go nnile le go emisiwa ga enke ya ditlhopho le go feta selekanyo ga dikarata tsa ikwadiso ya batlhophi.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/massive-vote-rigging-uncovered-in-botswana-elections-claims-opposition-leader-duma-boko-20191205 "Massive vote rigging uncovered in Botswana elections, claims opposition leader Duma Boko".] ''News24''. 5 December 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2019</ref> === '''Ditlhopo tsa 2024''' === Le fa [[Botswana Congress Party]] le [[Botswana Patriotic Front]] ka bobedi ba ne ba tswa mo UDC, lekoko la ga Boko, le lekokokganetso ka kakaretso, ba ne ba kgona go tsaya bontsi jwa manno mo ditlhophong fa ba ntse ba fokotsa BDP e e neng e ntse e busa ka lobaka lo loleele go nna rump ya manno a le mane. Jaaka moeteledipele wa kgolagano ya bontsi mo lekgotleng la peomolao, Boko o ne a nna mopresidente yo o tlhophilweng.<ref>Benza, Brian (1 November 2024). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswanas-ruling-party-loses-its-majority-this-weeks-election-mmegi-newspaper-2024-11-01/ "Botswana voters kick out ruling party of nearly six decades"]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved 1 November 2024.</ref>O ne a ikanisiwa mo maemong ka kgwedi a Ngwanatsele e thola bongwe,<ref>Roberts, Brownwen (1 November 2024). [https://www.yahoo.com/news/botswana-leader-concedes-defeat-party-063549619.html "Botswana's new president sworn in after historic election upset".] Yahoo News. Retrieved 1 November 2024</ref>ka moletlo o mongwe wa phatlalatsa o o neng wa tshwarwa ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e le borobabobedi.<ref>Motseta, Sello (9 November 2024). [https://apnews.com/article/botswana-inauguration-elections-unity-e21290c170bac9bf766d808c940cb0b4 "Thousands turn out for inauguration of Botswana's new president, who calls for unity".] Associated Press. Retrieved 9 November 2024</ref>Go tlhatlogela kwa boTautoneng ga ga Boko go ne ga tshwaya lekgetlo la ntlha fa e sale ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966), fa Botswana e ne e bona boipuso, gore lekokokganetso la pele le fenye ditlhopho.<ref>Sebudubudu, David (6 November 2024). [https://theconversation.com/botswanas-new-president-who-is-duma-boko-and-what-does-he-stand-for-242963 "Botswana's new president: who is Duma Boko and what does he stand for?".] ''The Conversation''. Retrieved 7 November 2024.</ref> == Botautona == [[Setshwantsho:Duma Boko inauguration parade.jpg|thumb|Duma Boko mo koloing ya mogwanto kwa tlhomong ya gagwe ya botautona]] Ka nako ya letsholo la gagwe la ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), Boko o ne a ikana go farologanya itsholelo ya lefatshe go tswa mo go ikaegeng ka go ntsha metswedi, le go tlhatlosa dituelo, dituelo tsa baithuti, le diphenšene.<ref name=":1" />Jaaka Tautona, Boko o ne a bolela maikaelelo a gagwe a go naya batho ba Zimbabwe ba ba senang makwalo a go bereka le go nna ditetla tsa nakwana le go buisana gape ka ditumalano tsa itsholelo le De Beers mabapi le madirelo a ditaemane a Botswana.<ref>Lakaje, Mpho (8 November 2024). [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c7v3l3zr63vo "Botswana to legalise undocumented Zimbabweans - president".] ''BBC''. Retrieved 8 November 2024.</ref> Mo Puong ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Maemo a Setšhaba ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), Boko o boletse gore puso ya gagwe e tla kgaratlhela gore go nne le dipeeletso tse di oketsegileng mo maatleng a letsatsi, cannabis ya kalafi le hemp ya madirelo. O ne gape a itsise ditirisano le [[Elon Musk]] go atolosa phitlhelelo ya inthanete e e rekegang naga ka bophara ka Starlink.<ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241119-new-botswana-leader-eyes-cannabis-sunshine-to-lift-economy "New Botswana leader eyes cannabis, sunshine to lift economy".] ''France 24''. 20 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Boko o ne a tsenela go romela sathalaete ya ntlha ya Botswana, BOTSAT-1, kwa lefaufaung. Go simololwa ga yone go ne ga dirwa kwa mafelong a SpaceX kwa California, kwa Amerika.<ref>Namunwa, Kevin (10 March 2025). [https://cioafrica.co/botswana-launches-its-first-satellite/ "Botswana Launches Its First Satellite"]. ''CIO Africa''. Retrieved 12 March 2025.</ref> Ka letsati la kgwedi ya Phatwe e le masome a mabedi le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Boko o ne a itsise maemo a tshoganyetso a boitekanelo jwa setšhaba naga ka bophara ka ntlha ya mathata a a tswelelang a kalafi a a bakilweng ke tlhaelo ya melemo le dilwana mo dikokelong a a bakilweng ke tlhaelo ya tekanyetsokabo le phokotso ya thuso go tswa kwa United States.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/26/botswana-declares-public-health-emergency-over-medicine-shortage "President Duma Boko Of Botswana Joins Global Center On Adaptation Board".] ''Global Center on Adaptation''. 7 August 2025. Retrieved 18 March 2026</ref> == Metswedi == * Boko, D. G. (1998). [https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=Q00038803 "Towards a compensatory approach to redressing constitutional violations in Botswana"]''The Zimbabwe Law Review''. '''15''': 120–133. * Boko, Duma Gideon (1 December 2002). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1323238X.2002.11911087 "Integrating the Basarwa under Botswana's Remote Area Development Programme: Empowerment or marginalisation?"]. ''Australian Journal of Human Rights''. '''8''' (2): 153–171. doi:10.1080/1323238x.2002.11911087. ISSN 1323-238X * Boko, Duma Gideon (1 December 2000). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1016667617539 "Fair Trial and the Customary Courts in Botswana: Questions on Legal Representation". ''Criminal Law Forum'']. '''11''' (4): 445–460. doi:10.1023/A:1016667617539. ISSN 1572-9850 == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |Political Offices |- |A eteletswe pele ke Mokgweetsi Masisi |Tautona ya Botswana 2024–present |Yo mo maemong |} [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1969]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Maloko a khuduthamaga ya palamente]] [[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Botswana National Front]] [[Karolo:Sealogane sa sekolo sa Havard sa molao]] [[Karolo:Sealogane sa Unibetsithi ya Botswana]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tswang Kgaolo ya bogare ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Botautona ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Baeteledipele ba kganetso (Botswana)]] [[Karolo:Mapolotiki Botswana a dingwaga tsa dikete pedi le bongwe]] [[Karolo:Badichaba kwa Amerika]] [[Karolo:Moemedi wa ba bong bo le bongwe mo Botswana]] tv2xel5lt400xrbrz45bk6chmk6is50 0 8799 52734 52610 2026-07-18T23:45:18Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Bechuanaland Protectorate | common_name = [[Bechuanaland]] | status = le le sireleditsweng | empire = [[United Kingdom]] | year_start = Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano | year_end = Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro | event1 = [[Ditso tsa Botswana]] # Go tlhamiwa ga tshireletso | date_event1 = Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso | today = [[Botswana]] [[Aforika Borwa]] | capital = [[Mafikeng ]](1885 - 1965) [[Gaborone]] (1965 - 1966) | official_languages = [[Sekgowa]] | common_languages = [[Setswana]] [[Sekalaka]] | currency = Ponto (1885 - 1961) Ranta ya Aforika Borwa (1961 - 1966) }} '''Bechuanaland''' e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la [[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] go simolola ka Mopitlo a le masome a mararo le motso ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robobobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885) kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna [[Botswana|Republic of Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966) kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo, dingwaga di le thataro morago ga phathi ya sepolotiki ya [[Bechunaland Democratic Party]] e sena go tlhomamisiwa mo boeteledipeleng jwa ga [[Seretse Khama]].<ref>[https://www.botswanaembassy.org/page/history-of-botswana "History of Botswana | Embassy of the Republic of Botswana in Washington, D.C."] ''www.botswanaembassy.org''. Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13041658 "Botswana profile"]. BBC News. 9 August 2012.</ref> == Ditso == Morongwa wa lotso lwa [[:en:Scottish_people|Scottish]] [[John Mackenzie (missionary)|John Mackenzie]] o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo le botlhano (1835) a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1899), o a neng a tsena kereke ya [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]] (LMS),<ref>McKenna, Amy (2023). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mackenzie "John Mackenzie British Missionary".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> a nna kwa motseng wa [[Shoshong]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le bobedi (1862) go tsena ka wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le borataro (1876), o ne a dumela gore [[Bangwato]] le ma [[Aferika|Aforika]] a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain.]]<ref>Northcott, Cecil (1972). [https://www.historytoday.com/archive/john-mackenzie-and-southern-africa "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa".] ''History Today''. Retrieved 28-09-2023</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa ''Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it'', Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885) kgwedi ya Ferikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. [[:en:Charles_Warren|Sir Charles Warren]] o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town.]] Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.<ref>Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] kwa borwa jwa noka ya [[Noka ya Molopo|Molopo]] le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya [[:en:British_Bechuanaland|British Bechuanaland]]. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.<ref>Mackenzie, John (1887)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ . ''Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England''.] London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-digital-library/about-this-collection/ original] on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 &#x2013; via World Digital Library.</ref> Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya [[:en:Cape_Colony|Cape Colony]] ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895) mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). ''The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966''. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-00584-6|<bdi>978-0-582-00584-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: [[Bangwato]], [[:en:Koena_tribe|Bakwena]] le [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka [[:en:Balete_people|Balete]] le [[Bakgatla]]. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong [[Basarwa]] le [[:en:Makalaka|Bakalaka]] ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.<ref>Peters (1947), p. 1</ref> Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la [[:en:Company_rule_in_Rhodesia|Rhodesia]] kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966). Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a [[:en:Europe|Europe]] a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1891), ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe [[:en:List_of_high_commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_South_Africa|High Commissioner for South Africa]], o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>{{harvnb|Morton|Ramsay|1987|page=needed}}</ref> Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, seo se ne se tsala seemo se se sa tlwaelegang gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng(gotswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) ene e tsentswe mo [[Bophuthatswana]] Mfikeng, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) ya nna [[Mahikeng|Mahikieng]]) e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885), ha Bechunalnd a bolelwa jaaka kgaolo e e sireleditsweng, one a tshwaragane le bokone ka ditekanyo tsa mola tsa equator ka [[22° south]].Molelwane wa bokone wa lefelo le le sireleditsweng on wa okediwa ke Ba-Boritshe go ya kwa bokone go akaretsa [[Ngamiland]], e ka nako eo e neng e buswa ke Ba-Tawana ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890),<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20020419180253/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20020308 "Builders of Botswana: The Northern Border".] ''Daily News''. Botswana. 8 March 2002. Archived from the original on 19 April 2002.</ref> kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele masome a mararo. Kgang eo, ene ya amogelwa semmuso ke lefatshe la Jeremane le le latelang ka karolo ya Boraro ya Tumalano ya Heligoland-Zanzibar, e e neng ya tlhomamisa molelwane wa bophirima wa lefelo la itshireletso la Britain la Bechunalnd le la Jeeremane la Itshireletso la Aforika Borwa-Bophirima gape le go bopa kgaolo ya Caprivi e e setseng e amogetswe ke [[Namibia]] ya segompieno.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181123133909/http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/pdf/eng/606_Anglo-German%20Treaty_110.pdf "Anglo-German Treaty &#x5B;Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty&#x5D; (July 1, 1890)"] (PDF). ''German History in Documents and Images, Volume 5. Wilhelmine Germany and the First World War, 1890-1918''. Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute.</ref> Kwa Borwa- bophirima jwa Aforika, lefelo le le laolwang ke Jeremane le tlhalosiwa jaana: # kwa borwa go kgaolwa ke mola o simologang kwa molomong wa Noka ya Orange o bo o ya ntlheng ya bokone jwa yone fo fitlha e kopana le mola wa bogare wa boleele wa ditekanyo ts equator wa masome a mabedi kwa botlhaba. # Kwa bolhaba ke tsela e e simololang kwa lefelong le le builweng pele o bo o latela bogareng jwa mola wa ntlha ya botlhabanng jwa masome a bobedi go ya kwa o kopanang le mola wa ntlha ya borwa ta bo 22°. Mola o o tswa foo o latela tekanyo e bophara jwa lefatshe goya botlhabeng go fitha o kgatlhana le mola o boleele jwa lefatshe wa degre tse di masome a mabedi le bongwe (21) botlhaba, o bo o o latela mola o wa boleele oya kwa bokone go fitlha o kgatlhana le mola wa bophara jwa lefatshee wa digre tse lesome le boferabobedi(18), mme o tsamae le mola o bophara go ya kwa botlhabeng go fitlha o kgatlhana le [[Noka ya Chobe]].Go tswa fano e welela ko tlase go fitlha e kopana le [[noka ya Zambezi]] ko e felang teng . Go tlhaloganysesa gore tumalano e , efa lefatshe la Jeremane tetla ya go tsena ka kgololesego go tswa mo kgaolong ye e sireleditswng (protectorate) go ya kwa Zambezi ka mokgwa wa mola wa lefatshe o o seng kwa tlase ga dikilimetara dile masome a mararo le bobedi (2omiles) ka bophara ntlha nngwe le nngwe. Mafelo a a laolwang ke Great Britain a kgoreleditswe ka fa bophirima le bokone-bophirima ke mola o o builweng pele, mme a akaretsa [[letsha la Ngami]]. Badiredi ba puso yaga Mmamosadinyana ba gorogile mo kgaolong ya Ngamiland mo ngwageng wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bone (1894).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20020224094916/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20010907 "Builders of Botswana".] ''Daily News''. Botswana. 7 September 2001. Archived from the original on 24 February 2002.</ref> Molao wa Tati Concessions Land Act wa Firikgong a tlhola masome a mabedi le motso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makolo a robabongwe le lesome le motso (1911) one wa fetisetsa lefelo le lesha la botlhaba kwa tshireletsong. Go tswa fa [[noka ya Shashe]] e simolgang teng go ya kwa thulanong ya yone le dinoka tsa Tati le Ramokgwebana , go ya ka [[Noka ya Ramokgwebana]] go ya kwa e simologang teng, mme go tswa foo go latela mogopo wa metsi wa dinoka tseo. Kgaolo eno e kile yabo ele ya [[Matebeleland]]. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895), ba (British South Africa Company) ba ne ba leka go tsaya kgaolo eno, mme dikgosi tsa Botswana e bong [[Bathoen I|Bathoen 1]], [[Khama lll]] le [[Kgosi Sebele I|Sebele l]] bane ba ya kwa Lontone go ka ngongorega mme ba atlega go thibela BSAC. Kgaolo eno gompieno ke yone kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba ya Botswana. Go feta moo, lefelo la borwa jwa Bechunaland lene la amiwa thata ke bolwetsejwa leruarua jwa Aforika (bolwane) jwa dingwaga tsa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), jo bo neng jwa senya itsholelo ya lefatshe ka nakwana.<ref>Marquardt, Gary (4 March 2017). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03057070.2017.1291162 "Building a Perfect Pest: Environment, People, Conflict and the Creation of a Rinderpest Epizootic in Southern Africa".] ''Journal of Southern African Studies''. '''43''' (2): 349–363. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03057070.2017.1291162 10.1080/03057070.2017.1291162.] ISSN&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0305-7070 0305-7070.]</ref> == Polotiki == Kitsiso ya tshireletso e e neng e bolelwa ke kgaolo ye ntsha ya puso yaga Mmamosadinyana Bechunaland Protectoraye ( eleng Botswana) kwa borwa, di ne di diretswe segolo bogolo go thibela mafatshe a Jeremane, Portugal , le Maburu go atolosa madbelo a bone.<ref>"Germany established its presence in Namibia in 1884. This worried the British, as any further German expansion to the east would hinder the growth of British trade.&nbsp;... in The declaration of a Protectorate, apart from preserving trade corridors into the African hinterland, was being used by the British to stop the expansion of Germany which was already also present in Tanganyika, as well as Portugal in Angola and Mozambique." (T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Go fapana le se se neng se begwa ke Warren le ba bangwe ka nako eo, gase dikgosi tsotlhe ts di neng di amegile mo tshireletsong ya Mmamosadinyana (protectorate) tse di neng di e batla.<ref>"On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay) ... Sechele's tribe proved by no means unanimous in welcoming the Protectorate. Sebele, the eldest son of the chief, protested against their country being taken from them without their consent." (T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Kgosi e e neng ena le thata go di feta tsotlhe , e ne ele Kgosi [[Khama III]], yo o neng a na le tshegetso e kgolo go tswa kwa pusong yaga Mmamosadinyana. Mme a ratiwa thata bogolo jang ke batho ba ba neng ba rera enfagedi kwa Borithane. O ne a dirisana thata le masole a Boritane, mme a thibela lefatshe la gagwe le le legolo, le le se nang batho ba bantsi gore le seka la tsenwa ke batswa kwa, go tswa Aforika Borwa.<ref>J. Mutero Chirenje, ''Chief Kgama and his times c. 1835–1923: the story of a Southern African ruler'' (1978).</ref> Morwa Khama , e bong [[Sekgoma II]], o mogolwane one a nna kgosi ya [[Bangwato|Bamangwato]] morago ga leso lwa ga Khama ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mabedi le boraro. Morwa o mogolo wa ga Sekgoma II o ne a bidiwa Seretse. Mo botshelong jwa gagwe, Khama one a tlogelwa ke mosadi ( a na ale motlholagadi)mme a nyala gape makgetho ale mmalwa. Mosadi mongwe , e bong [[Semane Setlhoko Khama|Semane]], o ne a nna le morwa yo o bidiwang [[Tshekedi Khama II|Tshekedi]].<ref>Professor Henry Louis Gates Jr.; Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong; Mr. Steven J. Niven (2012). ''Dictionary of African Biography''. OUP USA. p.&nbsp;355. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538207-5|<bdi>978-0-19-538207-5</bdi>.]]</ref> Puso ya ga Sekgoma II ene ya nna ngwaga fela , mme ya tlogela morwae e bong Seretse, yo o neng a santse a le lesea ka nako eo, jaaka mojalefa yo o tshwanetsweng wa bogosi (Tshekedi one a se mo molaong wa bogosi ka ane a sa tswa mo go morwa yo mogolo waga Khama e bong Sekgoma II). <ref>Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff (13 June 2018). ''Historical dictionary of Botswana''. Rowman & Littlefield. p.&nbsp;245. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781538111338|<bdi>9781538111338</bdi>.]]</ref>Ka jalo , go ya ka ngwao, Tshekedi one a nna motshwarelela bogosi go fitlhela Seretse a gola mo a ka kgonang go tsaya bogosi. Phetisetso ya boikarabelo go tswa go Tshekedi go ya go Seretse ene ya rulaganngwa go diragala morago ga gore Seretse a boele gae a tswa dithutong tsa mlao kwa mafatsheng a sele a Boritane. Sebaka se Kgosi Tshekedi Khama a se tserenng ele motshwarelela bogosi wa Bamangwato , o gakologelwa thata ka go oketsa mephato go agela morafe dikolo tsa dithuto tse di botlana, matlo a piolokelo ya mabele, le didiba tsa metsi. o ne a lwa le puso ya ga Mmamosadinyana ka ga tsamaiso le taolo ya ga Ngwato . le go rarabolola kgaogano e kgolo ya morafe fa Serete a ne a nyala mosadi wa lekgowa, [[Ruth Williams Khama|Ruth Williams.]] Tshekedi one ale kgatlhanong le lenyalo leo ka mabaka a gore , goya ka ngwao ya Setswana, kgosi ga e kake ya itseela tshwetso ya go nyala ka fa e ratang ka teng. Ene e le motlhanka wa morafe, bogosi jone bone bo aperwe ke kobo e ntsho.<ref>Harragin; et&nbsp;al. (1 December 1949), "Report of the judicial enquiry Re Seretse Khama of the Bamangwato tribe", ''Botswana Notes and Records'', '''17''': 53–64, JSTOR[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40979736 &nbsp;40979736]</ref> Seretse o ne a fapaana le mafoko a bone mme a nyala Ruth, one a mo nyala jalo nako ya fa a leleketswe Britain ka ngwaga wa 1948. Megopolo ya morafe ka lenyalo e ne ya farologana ka bogare ka go latelana ga dingwaga: bagolo ba ne ba dumalana le Tshekedi, fa ba bannye bone ba ema Seretse nokeng. Kwa pheleletsong, balaodi ba ga Mmamosadinyana ba ne ba leleka banna ba babedi bano ( Tshekedi mo kgaolong ya Mmangwato, mme Seretse mo Botswana otlhe). Dikgoberego dine tsa tsoga mme batho ba bangwe ba ne ba latlhegelwa ke matshelo. Seretse le Ruth ba ne ba letlelelwa go boela mo lefatsheng, Seretse le Tshekedi ba kgona go baakanya dilo fa gare ga bone. Gompieno le fa go ntse jalo, Seretse o ne a bona bokamoso jwa gagwe e se go nna kgosi wa morafe wa Bamangwato, mme a ipona e le moeteledipele wa Botswana Democrtic Party, gape e le tautona wa lefatshe la Botswana le le neng le tloga le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro. O ne a tswelela ka go nna tautona wa lefatshe la Botswana go fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya kankere ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a robabobedi. Polelo ya ga Seretse le Ruth e tlhama boremelelo jwa setshwantsho a motshikhinyego sa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro sa ''[[A United Kingdom.]]''<ref>[https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/a-united-kingdom "A United Kingdom"]. ''Film''. British Council. Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 49gznf6uhgxqimcqosagp77ckorvdyd 0 9040 52741 42128 2026-07-19T00:58:20Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52741 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Hilda Flavia Nakabuye 04.jpg|thumb|Hilda Flavia Nakabuye]] '''Hilda Flavia Nakabuye''' o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1997 kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano. Ke [[:en:Individual_action_on_climate_change|molwela ditshwanelo tsa loapi le tsa tikologo wa letso la Uganda]], yo o simolotseng motsamao kana mogwanto wa Uganda’s [[:en:School_Strike_for_Climate|Friday for future]]. Gape o emetse ka botlalo kana bogolo [[:en:Gender_equality|tekatekanyo ya bong]] le kabakanyo letso mo motsamaong wa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi.<ref>"[https://www.colorado.edu/globalclimatesummit/summit/keynotes-panelists/hilda-flavia-nakabuye Hilda Flavia Nakabuye]". ''Right Here, Right Now Global Climate Summit''. 2022-06-24. Retrieved 2023-05-26</ref> Nngwe ya tseo a kgathalang ka tsone ka tikologo kego boloka kana go tlhokomela [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] ee kopanyang Tanzania le mafatshe aa mabapi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230605105908/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/hilda-flavia-nakabuye/ Hilda Flavia Nakabuye – Akina Mama wa Afrika]". Retrieved 2023-05-26</ref> Nakabuye o etela dikolo le batho ba motse go kgothatsa bomme go tsenelela ntwa kgatlhanong le seemo sa phetogo loapi, a supa fa mathata a seemo sa phetogo loapi asena molelwane<ref>"[https://www.sc.com/en/feature/women-climate-change-ugandan-activist-hilda-nakabuye/ Women and climate change: inspiring Ugandan activist Hilda Nakabuye | Standard Chartered]". Retrieved 2020-04-21</ref> jaaka e nngwe ya ditiro tsa gagwe. One gape a tlhama kana simolodisa Climate Strike Diaries<ref>[https://strikerdiaries.blogspot.com/?m=1 Striker Diaries - Why #ClimateStrike]". ''strikerdiaries.blogspot.com''. Retrieved Oct 26, 2020</ref> eo eleng thuto ya maranyane go rotloetsa [[:en:Climate_change_education|tsiboso ka seemo sa phetogo loapi]] go dirisiwa maranyane. Nakabuye o simolotse mogwanto mo [[:en:Kampala|Kampala, Uganda]] ka ngwaga wa ngwaga wa 2017, morago gago italetsa moletlong wa [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Green_Climate_Campaign_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1 Green Climate Campaign Africa] (GCCA) ka ko [[:en:Kampala_University|Kampala University]]<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-climate-activist-hilda-nakabuye-mobilizes-africas-youth-against-climate-change/audio-58597785 Ugandan climate activist Hilda Nakabuye – DW – 07/22/2021]". ''dw.com''. Retrieved 2023-05-26</ref> go buiwa ka seemo sa loapi. Ene ya nna teng ko moletlong yo, ko a ileng a lemoga gore seemo se se maswe sa bosa  sese ileng sa senya masimo aga nkukuagwe se ne se bakilwe ke go fetoga ga seemo sa loapi. O simolotse kago ithaopa lebone ba ( GCCA) mme morago a bona gore o tlhokana lego dira mogwanto yoo tiileng go tlisa phetogo ee bonalang. Otsene ko sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa [[:en:Kampala_International_University|Kampala International University]] mme a aloga ka digerata(degree) tsa Procurement and Supply Chain Management.<ref>"[https://www.ekoenergy.org/fridaysforfuture-uganda-our-interview-with-nakabuye-hilda/ FridaysForFuture Uganda: Our interview with Nakabuye Hilda"]. ''EKOenergy''. 2019-09-13. Retrieved 2022-04-17</ref> Jaaka karolo ya mogwanto wa Uganda’s Fridays for Future, Nakabuye le babereki ka ene ntse ba ikaeletse go rotloetsa mogwanto yoo mashetla wa basha go batla dikgato tsa potlako mabapi le mathata a seemo sa loapi. Mogwanto yo wa Fridays for Future kwa Uganda, ke one jaanong mogwanto o motona wa bsha mo botlhaba jwa Aforika<ref>[https://africasacountry.com/2020/03/my-generation-is-fighting-to-keep-africa-green My generation is fighting to keep Africa green]". ''africasacountry.com''. Retrieved 2020-04-21</ref> ka maloko a basha a feta dikete tse di masome matlhano (50 000), go ralala diikole dile masome a matlhono le bobedi, dikole ithutelo ditiro dile tlhano gammogo le setshaba ka kakaretso go ralala Uganda, Sierra Leone, Angola,Gabon, Nigeria le Kenya. Nakabuye o buile kago tlhoka go atologa mo mogwantong wa ntwa kgatlhanong le seemo sa loapi, a supa “Dingangisano ka ntwa kgatlhanong le seemo sa loapi ese ya batho basweu fela”.<ref>'[https://www.rfi.fr/en/international/20200207-climate-crisis-not-whites-only-ugandan-youth-activist-African-voices-Greta-Th Climate crisis is not for whites only'--Ugandan youth activist"]. ''RFI''. 2020-02-07. Retrieved 2020-04-21</ref> O kgadile bobega dikgang morago ga gosa supe [[Vanessa Nakate]],<ref>Evelyn, Kenya (2020-01-29). "'[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/29/vanessa-nakate-interview-climate-activism-cropped-photo-davos Like I wasn't there': climate activist Vanessa Nakate on being erased from a movement"]. ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-04-21</ref> yo mongwe wa balwa ntwa kgatlhanong le phetogo ya seemo sa loapi wa Uganda, mo senepeng kana setshwantshong sese neng sa tsewa ko [[:en:World_Economic_Forum|World Economic Forum]], mo Davos ka kgwedi ya Firikgong, ngwaga wa 2020. O supile fa se ele “ [[:en:Environmental_racism|kgethololo ya letso le mmala mogo tsa tikologo]] “ jaaka fago sanna teng gaga Nakate go raa gore setshwantsho se supa balwa ntwa ba basweu fela, goakaretsa le [[:en:Greta_Thunberg|Greta Thunberg]] wa ngwaga tse di lesome le bosupa. Go bua ka seemo sa loapi ga ga Nakate go dirile gore a lemogwe ke ba ditshabatsaba jaaka a tlhageletse mo makwala dikgannyeng  a a akaretsang [[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]],<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3csynkr BBC World Service - The Conversation, Young women striking for climate change"]. ''BBC''. Retrieved 2020-04-21</ref> [[:en:Vox_Media|Vox]]<ref>Irfan, Umair (2019-12-11). ""[https://www.vox.com/2019/12/11/21010673/cop25-greta-thunberg-climate-change-un-meeting-madrid We are desperate for any sign of hope," Greta Thunberg tells UN climate negotiators]". ''Vox''. Retrieved 2020-04-21</ref> le Time,<ref name=":0" /> a supiwa jaaka monana wa mme yo o ikiteileng sehuba mo go lweng ntwa kgatlhanong le seemo sa phetogo ya loapi. Ene yare ka ngwaga wa 2019, kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le bongwe, a lalediwa go fa molaetsa<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230325071828/https://time.com/5698417/hilda-nakabuye-uganda-climate/ Read This Powerful Speech From a Young Ugandan Climate Activist"]. ''Time''. Retrieved 2020-04-21</ref>kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C40_Mayors_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1 C40 Mayor's Summit], go gwetlha  kana go batla tharabolo ya potlako mo baeteledipele ba mafatshe kwa Copenhagen mo  Geremane(Germany). === Metswedi === ct65dt99atcw4vmt73c6wj0q75qyb36 0 9266 52733 43547 2026-07-18T23:44:58Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52733 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beata Botlhoko Kasale''' (Motsheganong masome mabedi le bone 1961 – Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi 2018) ene ele mogatisi wa Botswana le mosimolodisi wa [[pampiri ya dikgang ya The Voice]]. A na le dingwaga di feta masome a mararo mo go tswa bobega-dikgang, Kasale o ne a simolodisa The Voice, e neng e itsege ka leina la The Francistowner Extra, ka ngwaga wa 1993 ana le Donald Laurence Moore kwa [[Francistown]]<ref>Bokhutlo, Emang (2021-09-28). [https://news.thevoicebw.com/the-voice-newspaper-founding-editor-dies/ "The Voice Newspaper founding editor dies » TheVoiceBW"]. ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 16/03/2024.</ref> mme o ne a tlwaelesegile thata ka go bidiwa "mma tsa-metswedi ya dikgang mo [[Botswana]]".<ref>Mbuya, Titus (2018-06-22). [https://www.mmegi.bw/features/remembering-soul-sister-beata-kasale/news "Remembering soul sister, Beata Kasale". ''Mmegi Online''.] Retrieved 16/03/2024.</ref> == Botshelo == Kasale, o itsegeng thata ka AusB mo go tsa-metswedi ya dikgang, e ne e le mogakolodi wa ditogamaano wa lekgotlana la WAN-IFRA Women in News (WIN) fa le santse le le magorogo-masha, ele mothusa modulasetilo wa Botswana Media Consultative Council ebile gape e le leloko la Media Advisory Council. One gape ele molebeledi wa ditlhopho wa mafatshe a selekane (Commonwealth).<ref name=":0">TheVoiceBW (2020-02-18). [https://news.thevoicebw.com/kasale-kabango-spiirt-of-charity-lives-on/ "Kasale-Kabango Spirit of Charity Lives On » TheVoiceBW"]. ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 18/03/2024.</ref> Fa a eteletse pele pampiri ya The Voice, Kasale o ne a buelelela thata dikgang tsa bong le tekatekano mo dikantorong tsa dikgang tsa Botswana. Ka 2014, kwa World Editors Forum, o ne a kwala a re, "Basadi ba tshwanetse go iponatsa". O berekile le makalana a le mantsinyana e le mmaditogamaano-mogolo, makalana a, a akaretsa International Media Women’s Foundation (IMWF), African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnership (ACHAP), Commonwealth Secretariat, Commonwealth Press Union, Gender Links, Panos, [[Open Society Initiative]] (OSI), [[OSISA]] le [[AMARC]]. Fa e le molwela ditshwanelo tsa setho, Kasale o ne a kopa puso ya Botswana go atumetsa [[Basarwa]](San people) ba ba neng ba ikgatholositswe mo setshabeng sa Botswana ka kakaretso gore le bone ba kgone go akola meamuso ya lefatshe. Ka jalo ka 2010, tautona wa bone wa [[Botswana|lefatshe la Botswana]], [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Sir Seretse Khama Ian Khama]], a abela Kasale tlotla ya Presidential Certificate of Honour a lemoga go tsenya letsogo ga gagwe mo tlhabologong ya Botswana ka tsa bobega-dikgang le go emela ditshwanelo tsa setho.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211203100243/https://ccms.ukzn.ac.za/Files/articles/PhD_theses/sethunya%20mosime%20-%20botswana%20television.pdf "Botswana Television (BTV) Negotiating Control and Cultural Production in a Globalising Context: A Political Economy of Media State Ownership in Africa"] (PDF).</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2001, o ne a gatisa lokwalo la bananya, le bidiwa The Treasure in the Garden le ba [[Heinemann]] kwa ga MmaMosadinyana (UK).<ref>Kasale, Beata (25 June 2001). ''The Treasure in the Garden (Junior African Writers) Paperback – June 25, 2001''. [[:en:Special:BookSources/0435891901|ISBN <bdi>0435891901</bdi>]].</ref> Kasale o tlhokafetse ka makuku a letsatsi la Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2018 morago ga go lwala bolwetse ja Sukiri ka lebaka le le leele kwa [[Bokamoso Private Hospital]] a le dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le bosupa. Ngwaga morago ga fa a tlhokafala, ka ngwaga wa 2019, ba [[Y-Care Charitable Trust]]-mokgatlho wa bopelotlhomogi o a neng a o tshegetsa ka botswapelo- ba tlotla mmega-dikgang le mothusi yo wa batho ka go simolodisa Marokolwane 20 km Charity Walk ele mogwanto wa ngwaga le ngwaga, o baakodi ba one ba akaretsang, ga reng ga ba bangwe, motlobo wa dibuka wa sekolo se sebotlana sa Rasesa le Autism Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Rankopo, Tumisang Dale (2020-02-24). [https://news.thevoicebw.com/66th-y-care-pre-walk-at-marokolwane-farms/ "66th Y-Care pre walk at Marokolwane farms » TheVoiceBW"]. ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 18/03/2024.</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:1961 births]] [[Karolo:2018 deaths]] [[Karolo:Basadi]] [[Karolo:Botswana]] 9s5u4wdufyvny7cyvdqjxdwrhkihu94 0 9425 52745 42474 2026-07-19T03:02:13Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52745 wikitext text/x-wiki Stephanie Coker o tshotswe e le Stephanie Omowunmi Eniafe Coker,ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele a tlhola malatsi a masome a mabedi le boferabongwe ka ngwaga wa 1988.<ref>"MTV VJ, STEPHANIE COKER IN A CHAT WITH WANNA". July 17, 2013.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200602062739/https://rhodiesworld.com/mtv-vj-stephanie-coker-in-a-chat-with-wanna-i-enjoy-working-with-denrele-edun/]</ref><ref>"I can't kill myself over a man". ''The Nigerian Punch''. March 30, 2014. Archived from the original on October 20, [https://web.archive.org/web/20151020091737/http://www.punchng.com/spice/essence/i-cant-kill-myself-over-a-man-stephanie-coker/ 2015]</ref><ref>"It's Stephanie Coker's Birthday Today!". November 28, [https://web.archive.org/web/20190409143730/http://onobello.com/stephanie-cokers-birthday-today-check-super-glam-plans-day/#sthash.j3duOBXV.dpbs 2014]</ref>ke motshameki wa thelebishine wa MTV Base Africa le Ebony LIfe TV<ref>"I can't kill myself over a man". ''The Nigerian Punch''. March 30, 2014. Archived from the original on October 20, 2015.[https://web.archive.org/web/20151020091737/http://www.punchng.com/spice/essence/i-cant-kill-myself-over-a-man-stephanie-coker/]</ref><ref>"360Chat With MTV Base's Stephanie Coker". July 26, [http://www.360nobs.com/2013/07/360chat-with-mtv-bases-stephanie-coker/ 2013]</ref>O ne a le mo thelebishine e e tumileng ya Nigeria e le "Feke" mo {{Infobox person|name=Stephanie Coker|image=Stephanie Coker 22 Sept 2015 NdaniTV.png|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1988|11|28|mf=yes}}|birth_place=[[Lagos]], [[Lagos State]], Nigeria|education=[[Brunel University London]]|occupation={{flat list| *OAP *Actress *Vlogger *Businesswoman }}|known for=TV Presenter at MTV Base Africa|spouse(s)=Olumide David Aderinokun}} Tinsel.<ref>Tinsel Cast". ''Tinsel Today''. 22 August 2013. Retrieved 5 May [https://tinseltoday.wordpress.com/2013/08/22/tinsel-cast-august-2013 2015]</ref> le engwe thelebisine e e tumileng ya Hustle e le "Cindy". == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Coker o ne a tsholetswe mo Lagos, a bo a godugela ko bokone jwa London mo UK a le bongwe.<ref>"I can't kill myself over a man". ''The Nigerian Punch''. March 30, 2014. Archived from the original on October 20, 2015.[https://web.archive.org/web/20151020091737/http://www.punchng.com/spice/essence/i-cant-kill-myself-over-a-man-stephanie-coker/]</ref><ref>"10 Questions For TV Host & Actress Stephanie Coker". ''TWMagazine''. 22 September 2014. Retrieved 5 May [https://web.archive.org/web/20170317061330/http://twmagazine.net/2014/09/10-questions-for-tv-host-actress-stephanie-coker/ 2015]</ref>O ne a tseneletse kereke ya St Mary's ya sekolo sa England ko bokone jwa London , a bua fa e ne" e le sekolo se se mmotla se se neng se tsaya bo kereste tsia". <ref>"360Chat With MTV Base's Stephanie Coker". July 26, 2013.[http://www.360nobs.com/2013/07/360chat-with-mtv-bases-stephanie-coker/]</ref><ref>"The Pop Culture Diva Stephanie Coker". Retrieved 5 May [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074455/http://talks.friendite.com/the-pop-culture-diva-stephanie-coker/ 2015]</ref>O feletse a fets adithuto tsa gagwe ko sekolong se se golwane sa Brunel ka setlankana sa metswedi ya tshedimosetso le tlhaeletsano.<ref>"MTV VJ, STEPHANIE COKER IN A CHAT WITH WANNA". July 17, 2013.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200602062739/https://rhodiesworld.com/mtv-vj-stephanie-coker-in-a-chat-with-wanna-i-enjoy-working-with-denrele-edun/]</ref><ref>"10 Questions For TV Host & Actress Stephanie Coker". ''TWMagazine''. 22 September 2014. Retrieved 5 May [https://web.archive.org/web/20170317061330/http://twmagazine.net/2014/09/10-questions-for-tv-host-actress-stephanie-coker/ 2015]</ref><ref>"Next To Blow: I Strive To Be The Ultimate Presenter – Stephanie Coker". ''Aloteda's Blogzine”''. Retrieved 5 May 2015.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200706054716/http://omobaswagz.blogspot.com/2013/01/next-to-blow-i-strive-to-be-ultimate.html]</ref><ref>"MTV Base VJ signs management deal". Pulse NG. March 5, 2015. Retrieved 5 May [https://web.archive.org/web/20150409205115/http://pulse.ng/celebrities/stephanie-coker-mtv-base-vj-signs-management-deal-id3543224.html 2015]</ref> == Tiro == London Ka ngwaga wa masome a mabedi le bongwe ,Stephanie o fentse dikgaisano tsa MTV Feedom Presenter ba mmone mo thelebishine.<ref>"10 Questions For TV Host & Actress Stephanie Coker". ''TWMagazine''. 22 September 2014. Retrieved 5 May [https://web.archive.org/web/20170317061330/http://twmagazine.net/2014/09/10-questions-for-tv-host-actress-stephanie-coker/ 2015]</ref><ref>"15 females to watch out for in 2015". The Pulse NG. Retrieved 5 May [https://web.archive.org/web/20170312130642/http://pulse.ng/celebrities/15-females-to-watch-out-for-in-2015-id3405042.html 2015]</ref> Ka ngwaga o ne o a laetswe ke OHTV,(UK) ka tiro ya gagwe e lebagane le baNigeria ba mmotlana e bidiwa letsatsi la ga Jeso kreste mo Lagos. Nigeria Stephanie Coker o boeletse ko Nigeria ka ngwaga wa 2011 <ref>"The Pop Culture Diva Stephanie Coker". Retrieved 5 May [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074455/http://talks.friendite.com/the-pop-culture-diva-stephanie-coker/ 2015]</ref><ref>"Next To Blow: I Strive To Be The Ultimate Presenter – Stephanie Coker". ''Aloteda's Blogzine”''. Retrieved 5 May [https://web.archive.org/web/20200706054716/http://omobaswagz.blogspot.com/2013/01/next-to-blow-i-strive-to-be-ultimate.html 2015]</ref>a bo a bona tiro y agagwe ya ntlha ko MTV Base Afrika. == Dikgele le ditlhopho == Ka ngwaga wa 2014 ,Stephanie Coker o ne a tlhophilwe a bo a fenya mosadi wa ngwaga wa ELOY's wa ngwaga.<ref>"BN Red Carpet Glam: The 2014 Exquisite Lady of the Year (ELOY) Awards". Bella Naija. Retrieved 5 May [http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/12/01/red-carpet-glam-funke-akindele-stephanie-coker-osas-ighodaro-more-attend-the-2014-eloy-awards/ 2015]</ref><ref>"All the winners from the 2014 ELOY awards". Pulse NG. December 2014. Retrieved 5 May [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220183558/http://pulse.ng/lifestyle/omoni-oboli-funke-akindele-omawumi-all-the-winners-from-the-2014-eloy-awards-id3316786.html 2015]</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Ka ngwaga wa 2017 ,Stephanie Coker o nyetswe ke Olumide Adernokum ko Mykonos.o tshotse ngwana wa mosetsana ka ngwaga wa 2019. O simolotse go bereka le thelebishine ya rise ka ngwaga wa 2018 fa e ne e le ene a e eteletseng pele mo The Morning Show a bua ka dikgwebo ,tsa maranyane le tsa boitumediso.<ref>"Media personality is the new host of "The Morning Show" on Arise TV". ''Pulse Nigeria''. 2018-02-06. Retrieved 2021-09-30.[https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/stephanie-coker-media-personality-is-the-new-host-of-the-morning-show-on-arise-tv/y9sfwlt]</ref> == Metswedi == fbp0o1tse0bdy784hatqixd0y6z4a5n 0 9469 52752 39931 2026-07-19T08:15:28Z MmaBaggio 11091 52752 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE)''' ke [[:en:Stock_exchange|bagwebi ba diabe]] ba direlang mo toropo kgolo [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]]. Mmaraka wa diabe mo Botswana o thapilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe, e be e felela e le Botswana Stock Exchange ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe la masome a robabongwe le bone. E eteletswe ka melawana ya Botswana Stock Exchange Act.<ref>"[https://afx.kwayisi.org/bsebw/ Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) Live]". ''afx.kwayisi.org''.</ref> BSE e nankotswe mo mmarakeng ka palo ya masome a mararo le borataro (36), gape e nale [[:en:Stock_market_index|stock indices]] tse tharo e bong Domestic company index ([[:en:BSE_DCI|BSE DCI]]), Foreign company index ([[:en:BSE_FCI|BSE FCI]]) e nankolamg dikompone tse di nankotsweng mo gabedi e le mo BSE le nngwe gape, ya bofelo e le All Company Index e bonwang e wela ha gare ga DCI le FCI. E gweba gape ka diabe tsa dikompone tse di rekisetswang batho ba ba adimisang madi, gape le ka madi a adimisiwang batho, le ka Floating Rate Notes. Go lebega ga baadisa madi ba ba ikemetseng ba ira [[:en:Market_capitalisation|madi othe mo mmarakeng]] ka peresente ya lesome, ha ba mahatshe a sele mo dikomponeng tsa moepo ba ira 90%.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff; Mgadla, Part Themba (2008). "Botswana Stock Exchange". ''Historical Dictionary of Botswana''. African Historical Dictionaries. Vol. 108 (4th ed.). Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press. p. 57. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5467-3|<bdi>978-0-8108-5467-3</bdi>.]]</ref> Kamogano e ya diabe e dirwa ka nako 10:00 go ya ko nakong ya 14:00 malatsiothe ko nte ga Matlhatso, Tshipi le ka malatsi a ikhutso.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20191211125737/https://www.sigfig.com/site/ List of Stock Exchanges]". ''Wikinvest''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20191211125737/https://www.sigfig.com/site/ the original] on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2017.</ref> Ba ba ntshang ditankana tsa [[:en:Brokers|bagwebi]] ba mo Botswana ke ba [[:en:Ministry_of_Finance|Lephata la Madi]]. Go nna leloko go amogelwa go tswa e le sethopha kana motho a ikemetse a le esi.<ref>[https://www.afdb.org/ "Non –Bank Financial Services Regulatory Authority of Botswana (NBFIRA)"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20000301063357/http://afdb.org:80/ Archived] from the original on 1 March 2000.</ref> == Dikompone tse di nankotsweng == * Absa Bank Botswana * Access Bank Botswana * Botswana Insurance Holdings Limited * Botswana Telecommunications Corp Ltd * Chobe Holdings Ltd * Choppies Enterprises Ltd * Cresta Marakanelo Limited * Engen Botswana Limited * Far Property Company Ltd * First National Bank of Botswana * Funeral Services Group Ltd * Furnmart Ltd * G4S Botswana Ltd * Imara Holdings Limited * Letshego * PrimeTime Property Holding Limited * RDC Properties Limited * Sechaba Brewery Holdings Limited * Sefalana Holding Company Limited * Shumba Energy Ltd * Standard Chartered Bank Botswana Limited * Turnstar Holdings Limited == Bona gape == * Tse di nankotsweng mo African stock exchanges * Tse di nankotsweng mo mahatsheng a selekano * Itsholelo ya Botswana == Metswedi == <references /> == Kgokagano e tswelang nte == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121127131422/http://www.bse.co.bw/ Botswana Stock Exchange] 1gsdxzvhkrxowt1ou2rp0718nq3pqwh 0 9470 52748 37103 2026-07-19T06:49:43Z MmaBaggio 11091 52748 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Absa Logo.svg|thumb|Absa Logo]] '''Absa Bank Botswana Limited''', e pele e neng e bidiwa '''Barclays Bank of Botswana Limited''' ke banka ya papadi mo lefatsheng la Botswana e tsereng setankana ko bankeng ya Botswana e leng yone banka e kgolo mo Botswana e lebileng tsothe tsa polokelo madi mo lefatsheng. == Lefelo == Diofisi dikgolo tsa lebolokelo tse di bonwa mo toropo kgolo Gaborone ko central business district, Building 4 Plaza, Plot 74358, mo mathataganyaneng a botlhano. == Tshoboko == Absa Bank Botswana ke nngwe ya dikompone tse di kgolo tsa madi, e thusang ba ba rekang mo dikomponeng tse di kgolo, ba ba humileng, ba mabentlele le dikgwebo potlana ga mmogo le tse gi fa gare. Go tswa mo kgweding ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe 2, banka e ne e nale dithoto tse di kanang ka BWP:17,963,238,000 (US$1.609 billion), le madi a batshwereng diabe a ka tshwarang BWP:2,103,780,000 (US$188.438 million).<ref>Absa Bank Botswana Limited (30 June 2019). "[https://www.absa.co.bw/content/dam/botswana/absa/pdf/reports/condensed-financial-results-june-2019.pdf Absa Bank Botswana Limited: Reviewed condensed consolidated financial statements for the period ended 30 June 2019]" (PDF). Gaborone: Absa Bank Botswana Limited. Retrieved 24 March 2020.</ref> Banka e, e ka fa tase ga kompone ya Absa Group Limited, e leng popagano ya go fa ditlamelo tsa madi, e nang le ofisikgolo ko lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa, gape e nale makalana a ha tase ga yone a le lesome le bobedi a nale dithoto tse di fetileng ka US$87 billion ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le masome a mabed,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa, godimo ga mo, e nale diabe ko Johannesburg Stock Exchange ka ga tase ga setshwantsho sa '''ABG.''' Ga Sedimonthole a simolola ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe, Barclays Bank Botswana Limited e ne ya == Ditso == Go ya ka tsebe ya banka e, e simolotse go dira mo Botswana e le ha tase ga banka ya Barclays Bank Plc ya ko United Kingdom ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le botlhano, Banka ya Barclays ya Botswana e ne ya lemogiwa e le kgwebo e e ka ha molaong gape e leteletswe go tswelela e direla mo lefatsheng e le fa tase ga Barclays. Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe, diabe tsa banka di ne tsa nankolwa mo Botswana Stock Exchange, ko e le teng mo bogompieng ba gwebang ka '''ABBL.''' == Phetolo ya leina == Barclays Bank Plc, e neng e nale diperesente tse 62.3 tsa Barclays Africa Group (BAG), e ne e le motshwaradiabe o mogolowa Barclays Bank of Botswana Limited ka 2016, e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go ntsha diabe tsa bone tse dikgolo mo BAG tse di neng ka nako eo di tshwara £3.5 billion. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa Barclays e fokoditse diabe tsa bone mo BAG go ya ko 14.9%. Moragonyana, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi ne ba ipaakanya tla gape e le Absa Group Limited. Mo itshetlana tsa paakanyo e, Absa e ne e filwe go fitlha Seetebosigo go fetola maina a makalana a fa tase ga yone a mo mahatsheng a Aforika a le lesome le bobedi. == Motswedi == algvc4jcel1oczjpu78ood6zrceup5o 0 9710 52739 38862 2026-07-19T00:38:29Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52739 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fardosa Ahmed''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1985) ke ngaka ya moKenya yo eleng mogwebi le mme yo o [[:en:Health_administration|berekang mo lephateng la botsogo]]. Gape Mme Ahmed ke moeteledipele wa Premier Hospital kwa [[:en:Mombasa|Mombasa]], sepatela se se eteletsweng pele ke kopone e a e e tlhamileng le batho ba bangwe<ref name=":0">https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/corporate/enterprise/Doctor-targets-foreign-bound-patients/4003126-5170032-cmckvz/index.html</ref>. {{Infobox person|name=Fardosa Ahmed|image=Fardosa_ahmed.jpg|birth_date={{Birth year and age|1985}}|birth_place=[[Nairobi]], Kenya|alma mater='''[[University of Nairobi]]'''<br/>{{small|([[Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery]])}}<br/>{{small| ([[Healthcare management|Postgraduate Diploma in Healthcare Management]])}}|occupation=[[Physician]] and [[Health administration|Health Administrator]]|title=CEO of Premier Hospital, Mombasa|website=https://www.premierhospital.org/|years active=2016—}} == Botshelo le Thutego == Mme Ahmed o tsholetswe kwa [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]], teropo kgolo ya Kenya ka ngwaga wa 1985. O ne a tsena sekolo ko ''Makini Primary School'', kwa Nairobi, Kenya. A ya le go tsena ko ''Loreto Convent Valley Road School'', sekolo se se le sone se leng mo teropong ya Nairobi, a fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe teng, mme a fiwa setlankana sa go fetsa Senior school eleng [[:en:High_school_diploma|High School Diploma]]. Mme Ahmed o ne a tsweledisa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa sekolong se se tona sa [[:en:University_of_Nairobi|University of Nairobi]] kwa a neng a ithuta [[:en:Medicine|boNgaka jo bo thusang batho]], a fetsa ka setlankana sa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery|Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery degree]]<ref name=":0" />. A fitlhelela a dira le [[:en:Health_administration|Postgraduate Diploma in Healthcare Management]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://cdn.nation.co.ke/pdfs/Top40under40Women2018.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-06-08 |archive-date=2018-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929080021/https://cdn.nation.co.ke/pdfs/Top40under40Women2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Pereko == Erile a fetsa ngwaga wa pereko e e tlhokegang (internship), a hudugela kwa teropong ya Mombasa, kwa a neng a ne a nale setsha mo lefelong la [[:en:Nyali|Nyali]]. A dirisa madi a gagwe, le a batho ba ne ba mo thusa mo lenaneong la gagwe go aga lefelo le le tona la matlhatlhagane, go le dirisa go hirisetsa bakgwebi. Mme Ngaka Ahmed a felela a fetola kago gore e nne Premier Hospital go ne kwa Mombasa<ref name=":0" />. Premier Hospital ke sepatela sa kgwebo, se se diretsweng go dira madi, mme se thusa balwetse ka go farologanya, le ba ba naleng malwetse a a sa tlwaeletsegang. Se nale malao a a ka robatsang balwetse ba le 70, se nale babereki ba ba fetang 200, gape ba nale lefelo la go thusa bana ba ba lwalang mme ba sa robatswe, lefelo la loaro, lefelo la go thusa ba ba robegileng marapo, lefelo la go thusa basadi le baimana ka tsa pelegi, lefelo le le thusang batho ba ba naleng kankere, level le le thusang ba ba lwalang diphilo le lefelo le le dirang di endoscopy<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://hivisasa.com/posts/new-state-of-the-art-hospital-opened-in-mombasa</ref>. == Temogo ya Tiro == Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse, ngwaga wa 2018, [[:en:Business_Daily_Africa|Business Africa Daily]] moKenya ebong Mme Ahmed o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Lekoko la bomme ba, "Top 40 Under 40 Women in Kenya in 2018"<ref name=":1" />. == O ka leba ba ba latelang == [[:en:Gladys_Ngetich|Gladys Ngetich]] [[:en:Charity_Wayua|Charity Wayua]] [[:en:Juliet_Obanda_Makanga|Juliet Makanga]] == Metswedi == # Winnie Atieno and Lucy Njeshuri (24 June 2019). [https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/corporate/enterprise/Doctor-targets-foreign-bound-patients/4003126-5170032-cmckvz/index.html Doctor targets foreign-bound patients with Sh1bn hospital]. [[:en:Business_Daily_Africa|Business Daily Africa]]. Nairobi, Kenya. Retrieved 24 June 2019. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20180929080021/https://cdn.nation.co.ke/pdfs/Top40under40Women2018.pdf "Top 40 under 40 Women in Kenya, 2018"] (PDF). [[:en:Business_Daily_Africa|Business Daily Africa]]. Nairobi. September 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2019. # Maxwell (2017). [https://hivisasa.com/posts/new-state-of-the-art-hospital-opened-in-mombasa New state-of-the-art hospital opened in Mombasa]. Nairobi: Hivisasa.com. Retrieved 25 June 2019. <references /> == O ka leba tsebe tse di latelang == [https://www.premierhospital.org Website of Premier Hospital] [https://nation.africa/oped/opinion/Why-Kenya-must-invest-in-human-capital/440808-4392408-ro4km0z/index.html Why Kenya must invest in human capital] gaqgmqf9rjhdzac9a3ezty3bv9nuo99 0 9887 52736 36773 2026-07-19T00:13:27Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52736 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charity Wayua''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1985) ke mme wa moKenya yo eleng [[:en:Chemist|chemist]] le motho yo o [[:en:Researcher|tlhotlhomisang dilo the di farologanyeng]] (researcher), o bereka ele Corporate Strategy Associate ko [[:en:IBM|International Business Machines]] (IBM), kompone e e kwa [[:en:New_York_City|Greater New York City]] area<ref name=":0">[https://www.linkedin.com/in/charity-wayua-70228b14/?originalSubdomain=ke "Charity Wayua: Corporate Strategy Associate at IBM"]. [[:en:LinkedIn|''LinkedIn'']] Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>. {{Infobox person|name=Charity Wayua|birth_date={{Birth year and age|1985}}|birth_place=[[Kenya]]|nationality=Kenyan|citizenship=Kenya|alma mater='''[[Alliance Girls High School]]'''<br/>{{small|([[High School Diploma]])}}<br/>'''[[Xavier University]]'''<br/>{{small|([[Bachelor of Science]] in [[Chemistry]])}}<br/> '''[[Purdue University]]'''<br/>{{small|([[Doctor of Philosophy]] in [[Chemistry|Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry]])}}|occupation=[[Research Scientist]]|years active=2007 — present|known for=[[Administrator (business)|Administrative Skills]], [[Research]]|title=Corporate Strategy Associate at [[International Business Machines]]|spouse=Peter Ayiro|relatives=Ken Mbuki (sibling)}} == Botshelo le Thutego == Charity o tsene sekolo ko [[:en:Alliance_Girls_High_School|Alliance Girls High School]], sekolo se se kwa teropong ya [[:en:Kikuyu,_Kenya|Kikuyu]], e e kwa [[:en:Kiambu_County|Kiambu County]], o ne a fiwa [[:en:High_School_Diploma|High School Diploma]] ka ngwaga wa 2002<ref name=":0" />. A felela a tsena kwa [[:en:Xavier_University|Xavier University]] kwa United States, a fetsa ka ngwaga wa 2007, a fiwa setlankana sa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|Bachelor of Science]] degree in [[:en:Chemistry|Chemistry]]. [[:en:Purdue_University|Purdue University]], unibesithe e e kwa [[:en:Indiana|Indiana]] state kwa Amerika e ne ya mo fa setlankana sa [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] degree, se remeletse mo [[:en:Chemistry|Pharmaceutical Chemistry]], ka 2011<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">IBM (24 Phatwe 2016). [https://research.ibm.com/people/charity-wayua "Charity Wayua: Research Manager: Public Sector, IBM Research - Africa"] . Armonk, New York State: [[:en:IBM|International Business Machines]] (IBM), Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref><ref>Innovations for Poverty Action (2018). [https://poverty-action.org/people/charity-wayua "The Education of Charity Wayua, Research Scientist at IBM Research, Africa"]. Washingtonian, DC: Innovations for Poverty Action. Retrieved 5 May 2019.</ref> Mme Wayua o ne a ithuta kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane kwa United States, a sponsorisa ke ''[https://www.zawadiafrica.org Zawadi Africa Education Fund]'', e e tlhamilweng ebile e thusiwa ka madi ke [[:en:Susan_Mboya|Mme Susan Mboya]], yo eleng ngwana wa ga [[:en:Tom_Mboya|Rre Tom Mboya]], [[:en:List_of_national_founders|mongwe wa batho ba ne ba lwela independence]] ya Kenya. Zawadi Fund e kwadisitse kwa lefatsheng la Amerika, ke [[:en:Nonprofit_organization|mokgatlho o o sa berekeleng madi]] (non-profit), e bereka go thusa bana ba basetsana kwa Kenya ba ba botlhale mme ba sena ditshono le ditsompelo tsa go ithuta kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane, kwa mafatsheng a sele, ba bo ba boela kwa Kenya go thusa lefatshe gore le tlhabologe<ref>Muiruri, Billy (30 June 2007). [https://nation.africa/lifestyle/saturday/1216-194204-mxeq0j/index.html "Pursuing a Father's dream"]. [[:en:Daily_Nation|Daily Nation]]. Nairobi. Retrieved 26 November 2018.</ref>. O ne a feletsa a nyalwa ke Rre Peter Ayiro, yo eleng morutabana wa puo ya se Geremane kwa sekolong se a kileng a tsena kwa go sone, Alliance Girls' High School. == Pereko ya gagwe == Erile a fetsa setlankana sa gagwe sa ntlha kwa Unibesithe, Charity o ne a ruta bana ba ba simololang Unibesithe (Undergraduates) Chemistry, ele [[:en:Teaching_assistant|mothusa morutabana]], kwa Purdue University, ko [[:en:West_Lafayette,_Indiana|West Lafayette, Indiana]], go fitlhela Phatwe 2009<ref name=":0" />. Fa a fetsa dithuto tsa gage tsa bongaka, o ne a hirwa ke IBM ele [[:en:Research_scientist|research scientist]], a hirelwa Afrika region, a berekelwa kwa [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]], teropo kgolo ya Kenya<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">Nation Media Group (September 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180929080021/https://cdn.nation.co.ke/pdfs/Top40under40Women2018.pdf "Top 40 under 40 Women, 2018.pdf]. Nairobi: [[:en:Nation_Media_Group|National Media Group]]. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>. O etelela setlhopha ya batho ba ba dirang research e e filweng tletla ya go dira le go simolola "commercially viable technologies" e e tla thusang mebuso go bereka le go thusa batho ba lefatshe. Tiro e e dirwang ke Mme Wayua le setlhopha sa gagwe ba bereka le mmuso wa Kenya go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2013 go felela ka ngwaga wa 2014. Tiro ya bone go bereka le mmuso wa Kenya, e lemogilwe fa e thusitse lefatshe la Kenya mo palamela maemo a le masome a mabedi le bongwe (21 spots) mo pading tsa World Bank annual Ease of Doing Business<ref name=":1" /><ref>World Bank (21 June 2017). [https://olc.worldbank.org/content/charity-wayua-few-ways-fix-government "Charity Wayua: A few ways to fix a government."] (Video). Washington, DC: [[:en:World_Bank_Group|World Bank Group]], Retrieved 26 November 2018.</ref>. Ka kgwedi ya June, ngwaga wa 2018, Mme Charity Wayua o ne a tlhatogiswa maemo go nna Corporate Strategy Associate kwa IBM, o tswelela go berekela kwa Nairobi, Kenya, diofisi tse ditona tsa IBM di kwa [[:en:Armonk,_New_York|Armonk]], [[:en:New_York_(state)|New York State]]<ref name=":0" />. == Temogo ya tiro == Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse, ngwaga wa 2018, Charity Wayua, mme wa moKenya, o ne a lemogiwa ke ''[[:en:Business_Daily_Africa|Business Daily Africa]]'', go kwadilwe ka [[Sekgowa|Sekgoa]], a balelwa mo "Top 40 Under 40 Women in Kenya in 2018"<ref name=":2" />. == O ka bona le ba ba latelang == * [[:en:Gladys_Ngetich|Gladys Ngetich]] * [[:en:Sianto_Sikawa|Sianto Sitawa]] * [[:en:Cynthia_Wandia|Cynthia Wandia]] * [[:en:Kagure_Wamunyu|Kagure Wamunyu]] == Metswedi e e kwa ntle == * [https://www.worldgovernmentsummit.org/annual-gathering/2018/speakers/636537450224785536-charity-wayua Profile of Dr Charity Wayua] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190709013406/https://www.worldgovernmentsummit.org/annual-gathering/2018/speakers/636537450224785536-charity-wayua Archived] 9 July 2019 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] As of 2017. == Metswedi == s9rbx8e5sbu6b4ytsiic5j24jhhmuzx 0 14424 52700 52688 2026-07-18T17:52:07Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52700 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditso tsa lefatshe la Botswana''' di akaretsa tsa bogologolo le tsa ngwao ya kgaolo, go diriwa kolone ya [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Bechuanaland Protectorate]], le go nna Republic of [[Botswana]] gompieno. Batho ba ntlha ba motlha wa gompieno go nna mo Botswana e ne e le Basarwa, temothuo e tlhabolotswe dingwaga di ka nna dikete pedi, le makgolo a mararo a a fetileng. Batho bantsho ba Bantu ba ntlha ba gorogile dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi morago ga loso lwa ga Keresete, fa [[Batswana]] ba ntlha ba gorogile dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi morago. Batswana ba ne ba kgaogana ka ditlhopha tsa merafe mo dingwageng tse di dikete tse di latelang fa diphudugo mo kgaolong di tswelela, tse di neng tsa baka [[:en:Difaqane|Difaqane]] mo lekgolong la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi. Go amana le ma Yuropa ga ntlha go diragetse ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi lesome le borataro, mo go bakileng go diriwa Bakeresete ga batho ba kgaolo. Magosi a Batswana a a neng a na le thotloetso e kgolo a ne a ikopela go nna mo tlhokomelong ya lefatshe la [[United Kingdom]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano ka ba ne ba itemogela matshosetsi go tswa kwa [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|German South West Africa]] le mo Maburung. Batho ba Britain ba ne ba kgaoganya kgaolo go nna merafe e kgosi nngwe le nngwe e tlaa e etelelang pele, ba a fa dikgosi maatla a a fetang a ba neng ba na le one pele, mme ba ne ba nna le taolo e e lekanetseng fela mo lefatsheng. Puso ya Britain e ne ya nna le seabe se setlhagafetseng ka dinwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la ema nokeng go tsaya karolo ga Britain mo ntweng ya bobedi ya mafatshe, bontsi ba ne ba lwa e le bontlha jwa sesole sa [[Aferika|Aforika]] sa Auxiliary Pioneer Corps. Go lwela go laola go nnile teng ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a matlhano fa gare ga Kgosi ya [[Bangwato]] [[Seretse Khama]] le motlhatlhami wa gagwe [[Tshekedi Khama]]. Go nyala mosadi wa lekgoa ebong [[Ruth Williams Khama]] ga ga Seretse, go ne ga baka gore batho ba Britain ba mo thibele go nna mo [[Botswana]]. O ne a boa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a matlhano le borataro, ka a ne a na le kemo nokeng e kgolo, merafe e ne inaakanya le puso e e tlhophilweng fa letsholo la boipuso le tlhamiwa. Molao wa lefatshe o tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le motso, ga tlhamiwa diphathi tsa polotiki. Seretse o ne a nna moeteledipele wa [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|Bechuanaland Democratic Party]], e e neng e bueletswe ke puso ya Britain go busa morago ga boipuso, e ne ya nna le kemo nokeng e e tsitsibanyang mmele mo ditlhophong tsa ntlha tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le botlhano. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la neelwa boipuso jo bo tletseng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro. Ka maikaelelo a a nonofileng, Seretse le phathi ya gagwe ba ne ba tlhama puso ya batho ka batho ya bophirima ba simolola go tlhabolola dikago mo lefatsheng le e neng e le lengwe la a a neng a humanegile thata ka nako eo. Go ne ga lemogiwa fa go na le diteemane ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabongwe, mo go neng ga bopa sesha itsholelo ya Botswana. Kompone ya meepo ya [[Debswana]] e tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi, lefatshe la Botswana la nna la itsholelo e e golang ka bofefo thata go gaisa a mangwe mo Botswana. Phathi ya sepolotiki ya Botswana Democratic e ne ya tswelela e le yone phathi e e busang go tswa ka nako ya boipuso go fitlhelela phathi ya [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] e fenya ditlhopho tsa [[:en:2024_Botswana_general_election|ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone.]] == Ditso tsa pele ga bokolone == === Ditso tsa pele === [[Setshwantsho:Tsodilo Hills rock paintings4.jpg|thumb|metako ya magaga kwa Tsodilo mo ditsong tsa pele]] Lefatshe la Botswana la gompieno e ne e le sekgwa fela dingwaga di le didikadike tse di lesome tse di fitileng, dinoka di ne di le ditona go fetisa gompieno, di tshela kwa [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|letsheng la Makgadikgadi]].<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou, Thomas]]; [[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Campbell, Alec C]]. (1997) [1984]. ''[[History of Botswana]]'' (2nd&nbsp;ed.). Macmillan Botswana. ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/9991278087|&nbsp;<bdi>9991278087</bdi>.]]</ref> Batho ba sebopego sa ntlha sa Homo erectus ba ne ba nna mo kgaolong eo ka motlha wa lejwe.<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997,]] p.&nbsp;14.</ref> Didirisiwa tsa lejwe mo Botswana wa gompieno, di tshwana le dilepe, di tswa go o lowe, dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi tse di fitileng.<ref name=":4">Denbow, James R.; Thebe, Phenyo C. (2006). [[iarchive:culturecustomsof0000denb|''Culture and Customs of Botswana''.]] Greenwood Press. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33178-7|<bdi>978-0-313-33178-7</bdi>.]] [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/62118271 62118271.]</ref><ref name=":0">Klehm, Carla (28 June 2021). "Archaeology of Botswana". ''Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History''. doi:[https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/61663/chapter/553401196 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.792]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-027773-4|<bdi>978-0-19-027773-4</bdi>.]]</ref> Phudugo go ya sekakeng sa Kalahari go akanyediwa fa e diragetse pele ga legato la borataro dingwaga di le dikete di le lekgolo, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro tse di fitileng.<ref name=":0" /> Letsha la Makgadikgadi le simolotse go fokotsega dingwaga di le dikete di le masome matlhano tse di fitileng.<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997, p.&nbsp;17.]]</ref> Bagolagolwane ba merafe e e sa amaneng ka gope ba ba bidiwang Basarwa fa ba kgobokantswe, ba ne ba nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le masome mane go tsena masome a mararo tse di fitileng. Ba ka tswa e le bone batho ba ntlha go nna mo motlheng wa lejwe.<ref>[[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&nbsp;18, 23.</ref> Ba ne ba itlhoma go bapa le dinoka ka dipaka tsa komelelo, mme ba phatlalale le kgaolo ka nako ya dipula.<ref>[[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&nbsp;24.</ref>Go ne go itsewe fa ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a dikaganyeditseng [[letsha la Makgadikgadi]], ga mmogo le [[Tsodilo]] le GI.<ref name=":1">[[iarchive:culturecustomsof0000denb|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&nbsp;xv.</ref> Batho ba bangwe jaaka ba [[Nata]], Shua le Xani, go dumelwa fa ba gorogile morago ga Basarwa.<ref name=":2">Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997, p.&nbsp;23.</ref>[[:en:Rock_art|Botaki jwa matlapa]] bo simolotse dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a mararo tse di fetileng,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;58.</ref> Meepo ya specularite le hematite e simolotse ka nako e go tlhama dipente.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;48.</ref> Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a leruri a ne a amana le batho ba ntlha dingwaga di le 20,000 tse di fetileng.<ref name=":1" /> Thuto e e tseneletseng ya Aforika e e kwa borwa mo [[:en:Stone_Age|Motlheng wa Matlapa]] e ntse e lekanyeditswe.<ref name=":0" /> Batho ba ba farologaneng ba kgaolo e ne e le [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|batsomi-baphuthi]] ba ba neng ba sala ka ditlhopha tse dinnye mme ba dira kgwebo le ba bangwe.<ref name=":2" /> Go dumelwa gore setlhopha sengwe le sengwe e ne e le kokoanyo ya malapa a a sikanang a a neng a tshwere tshimo e e rileng, a eteletswe pele ke monna yo mogolo wa lelapa la tlhogo ya setlhopha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;25.</ref>Banna ba ne ba tsoma diphologolo tse dikgolo, fa basadi ba ne ba phutha dimela le go tshwara diphologolo tse dinnye.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref> Ditlhopha di ne di nyalana mme di dirisa thulaganyo ya magadi, xaro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;26.</ref> Mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse tse di fetileng, batho ba kgaolo eo ba ne ba tla ka dikgomo le dinku mo Botswana wa gompieno mme ba simolola go dira dinkgwana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;35.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;8.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;28.</ref>Temothuo e ne ya tlhabologa ka nako e mme batho ba ne ba simolola go nna mo metseng, e e neng ya tlhatloga le go wela tlase fa seemo sa loapi le ditlhaselo tsa dikgomo di ne di dira gore phitlhelelo ya leruo e fetofetoge.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;29–30.</ref>Gareng ga dijalo tsa ntlha e ne e le [[:en:Pearl_millet|mmidi wa perela]], [[:en:Finger_millet|mmidi wa menwana]], [[:en:Sorghum|mabele]], [[:en:Bambara_groundnut|matonkomane a Bambara]], [[:en:Cowpea|dinawa tsa kgomo]], le dimela tsa lelapa la [[:en:Cucurbitaceae|cucurbits]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref> Batho ba ntlha ba Bantu ba ne ba [[:en:Bantu_expansion|fudugela kwa kgaolong]] e dingwaga di le dikete tse pedi le dingwaga dile selete le makgolo a matlhano tse di fetileng, mme go kile ga dumelwa gore ke bone ba ba neng ba tlisa leruo la ntlha mo lefelong leno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;22–24, 28.</ref> [[:en:Kalanga_people|Batho ba Kalanga]] ke bone ba ntlha mo [[:en:Bantu_people|merafeng ya Bantu]] go nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, ba goroga c. 200 C.E.<ref name=":3">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Bagologolwane ba morafe wa ntlha wa [[:en:Tswana_people|Batswana]] (bongwe ''Motswana'', bontsi ''Batswana'') go fopholediwa fa ba gorogile c. 400 C.E.<ref name=":3" /> Batho ba ba Bantu ba ne ba tlisa didirisiwa tsa tshipi le tsa kopore mo kgaolong mme ba nna mo ditseleng tsa metsi tsa leruri.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;9.</ref> Ba ne ba aga mafelo a bonno a leruri a matlo a ka nna lesome go fitlhela lesome le botlhano a [[:en:Pole-and-daga|dipale le mmu]] nngwe le nngwe, go na le dikago tsa nakwana tsa Khoisan e e neng e tsamayatsamaya thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;44–45.</ref> BaKhoisan le Bantu ba ka tswa ba ne ba gweba le go nyalana mo pakeng e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;36.</ref> === Lekgolo la bosupa la dingwaga go fitlhela ka lekgolo la lesome le bone la dingwaga === Setlhopha sa batho ba Zhizo, batho ba Taukome, ba ne ba goroga mo Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa bosupa mme ba nna fa gare ga [[:en:Shashe_River|Noka ya Shashe]] le [[:en:Serorome_River|Noka ya Serorome]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;54–55.</ref><ref name=":5">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;10.</ref> Go nna le [[:en:Glass_bead|dipheta tsa galase]] go supa kgolagano ya pele le [[:en:Indian_Ocean_trade|kgwebo ya Lewatle la India]].<ref name=":5" /> Palo ya leruo le le ruiwang mo Botswana wa gompieno e ne ya oketsega thata fa gare ga ngwagakgolo wa borobabobedi le ngwagakgolo wa lesome.<ref name=":4" /> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba ithulaganya go nna mofuta wa puso ya morafe, e e bidiwang ''morafe'' (bontsi merafe), mongwe le mongwe o eteletswe pele ke kgosi e e bidiwang ''[[:en:Kgosi|kgosi]]'' (bontsi dikgosi).<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;28.</ref> Tsamaiso e e ne ya tlhagisa puso e e nang le maemo a a kwa godimo fa e bapisiwa le tse dingwe mo kgaolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;40.</ref> Dikgomo di ne tsa nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya setšhaba mo kgaolong, mme go nna mong wa dikgomo go ne go supa maemo a motho.<ref name=":6">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;11.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;46.</ref> Ditso tsa bogologolo tsa batho ba Tswana e sa ntse e sa itsiwe thata ka gonne go setse bosupi jo bonnye jwa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo.<ref name=":3" /> Ditsela tsa kgwebo di ne di golaganya merafe go ralala [[:en:Kalahari_Desert|Sekaka sa Kalahari]] ka makgolo ale borobabongwe morago ga ga Keresete,<ref name=":1" /> mme go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa ditsela go ralala kgaolo yotlhe mo lekgolong le le latelang la dingwaga, mme tsa fitlha kwa setlhoeng kwa Lewatleng la India.<ref name=":6" /><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Bangwe ba batho ba Eiland ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa ya gompieno go tsena mo Botswana wa gompieno mo bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;64.</ref> Batho ba Toutswe, ba bangwe ba morafe wa Zhizo, ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe mme ba nna setlhopha se se nonofileng go gaisa mo kgaolong, ba bona khumo ya bona ka go nna le dikgomo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;13.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;56.</ref> Go ne ga agiwa metse e meraro ya Ba-Toutswe kwa [[:en:Bosutswe|Bosutswe]], Sung, le [[:en:Toutswemogala|Toutswemogala]], mongwe le mongwe wa bone o ne o busa metse e mennye e e neng e e dikologile.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;57.</ref> Ka ngwagakgolo wa bo 12, Ba-Toutswe ba ne ba anametse kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;60.</ref> Boleng jwa ditlhagiswa bo ne jwa fetogafetoga fa kgwebisano e ntse e atolosiwa le ditšhaba di sele mme go ribololwa ga gauta go ne ga diragala, go fokotsa kgatlhego mo ditlhagisweng tsa sebilo le tsa diphologolo jaaka lonaka lwa tlou.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;27–28.</ref> Morafe mongwe kwa Tsodilo o ne o na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo kgwebong ya sebilo go fitlha e wa kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le bobedi la dingwaga.<ref name=":7">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Merafe e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana e ne e le kgakala le ditiragalo tse mme e ne ya sala e sa amege thata.<ref name=":8">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;28.</ref> Baagisani ba Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe le wa lesome le bobedi e ne e le batho ba [[:en:Leopard's_Kopje|Leopard's Kopje]] kwa botlhaba.<ref name=":9">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], pp.&#x20;12–13.</ref> <ref name=":10">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;61.</ref>Ba tlhomilwe la ntlha kwa [[:en:Bambandyanalo|Bambandyanalo]], ba ne ba nna batho ba bagolo mo kgwebong ya kgaolo mme ba fudugela kwa Mapungubwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe kwa ba neng ba bopa [[:en:Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe|Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;67–68.</ref> Ba ne ba bonela pele tlhotlheletso go ralala kgaolo fa gare ga ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bobedi.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> Batho ba Okavango Delta le batho ba Tsodilo mme morago ba ne ba patelesega go tlogela mafelo a bone a bodulo mo nakong e, se se ka tswang se bakilwe ke gore ba ne ba kgaotswe mo ditseleng tse dikgolo tsa kgwebo. Ke batho ba Khoe fela ba ba neng ba nna mo lefelong leo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou & Campbell 1997]], pp. 46, 81.</ref>Mapungubwe e ne ya wa ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro,<ref name=":11">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;14.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;69.</ref> mme metse ya Toutswe, e e neng e kgaotswe mo kgwebong, e ne ya wa mo nako e le nngwe.<ref name=":10" />Batho ba Mambo ba ne ba nna go dikologa [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]] ya gompieno mme ba nna le tlhotlheletso mo tikologong ya nako e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;80.</ref> Batho ba segompieno ba Tswana, [[:en:Khalagari_people|Khalagari]], le [[:en:Sotho_people|Sotho]] ba simolotse go bopega kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal mo e ka nnang ka lekgolo la lesome le bobedi la dingwaga.<ref name=":12">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Ba-Khalagari ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima kwa lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana.<ref name=":13">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;96.</ref> Batho ba Fokeng le bone ba ne ba tlhagelela kwa bophirima ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bobedi,<ref name=":14">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;93.</ref> mme batho ba Moloko ba ne ba tlhagelela ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro.<ref name=":12" /> Morafe wa tshimologo wa BaTswana, losika lwa bogosi lwa Phofu, o tlhodilwe kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro ke Mogale. Mo makgolong a dingwaga a a latelang, e ne ya kgaogana go nna merafe e le mmalwa ya Batswana, go akaretsa le merafe ya Bahurutshe, [[:en:Kwena_people|Kwena]], [[:en:Ngwaketse_people|Ngwaketse]], [[:en:Ngwato_people|Ngwato]], Tlharo, le batho ba ba [[:en:Ngwato_people|Kgatla]].<ref name=":13" /> [[:en:Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe|Bogosi jwa Zimbabwe]] bo ne jwa tlhagelela mme jwa ema mo boemong jwa Mapungubwe e le maatla a kgaolo ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro fa batho ba Gumanye ba ne ba nna le tlhotlheletso mo toropong ya [[:en:Great_Zimbabwe|Great Zimbabwe]], e e neng ya kgona go laola kgwebisano gaufi thata ka lefatshe la yone le le botlhokwa le ditsompelo tsa yone le go nna gaufi le lebopo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;77–78.</ref> Zimbabwe e ne e laola merafe e mentsi e e neng e le teng mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang bokonebotlhaba jwa Botswana,<ref name=":15">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xvi.</ref> mme kgwebisano ya gauta e ne ya nna selo se se neng se tlhotlheletsa itsholelo ya kgaolo eo.<ref name=":11" /> Zimbabwe e ne e latlhegelwa ke tlhotlheletso kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le bone la dingwaga, mme e ne ya wela mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Dinaga tse dingwe di le mmalwa di ne tsa tlhagelela morago ga go wa ga yone. [[:en:Kingdom_of_Butua|Bogosi jwa Butua]], jo bo neng jwa bopiwa ke [[:en:Kalanga_people|merafe ya Kalanga]], bo ne jwa tsaya maemo a Zimbabwe mo molelwaneng wa gompieno wa Botswana–Zimbabwe.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":15" /><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;98–100.</ref> Batho ba Tswana le [[:en:Pedi_people|Bapedi]] ba ne ba latela batho ba Khalagari kwa bophirima mo e ka nnang kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le bone<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> mme [[:en:Rolong_people|batho ba Rolong]] ba ne ba kgaogana ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Morolong.<ref name=":13" /> Kgosi Masilo go bolelwa fa a ne a busa merafe yotlhe ya bophirima jwa Tswana ka nako e, go fitlhela batho ba Tlharo ba kgaogana le puso ya gagwe. Morago ga moo go bolelwa fa lefelo le le ne le busiwa ke Malope kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref name=":14" /> === Lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga go fitlha ka lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga === [[Setshwantsho:Campbell - Thlapingkaptein en sy vrou.png|thumb|Setshwantsho sa monna wa Motswana le mosadi wa gagwe mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1800]] Batho ba baTswana ba ne ba fuduga fa gare ga Botswana wa gompieno ka ba ne ba fudusiwa ke batho ba naga le batho ba mmuso wa ga mmamosadinyana go tswa kwa borwa,<ref name=":16">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;19.</ref> mme ba ne ba le teng go ralala Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwaga sekete le makgolo a le marataro.<ref name=":17">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;703.</ref> Morafe wa ntlha wa BaTswana, losika lwa ga Phofu, lo ne lwa wela tlase kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;104.</ref> Diphudugo tse dikgolo tsa batho ba Kalanga le Sotho–Tswana di diragetse mo lekgolong la lesome le botlhano le la lesome le borataro la dingwaga.<ref name=":11" /> Batho ba ba Kalanga ba ne ba laola lefatshe le le fa gare ga [[:en:Motloutse_River|Noka ya Motloutse]] le [[:en:Makgadikgadi_Pan|Letsha la Makgadikgadi]] go fitlhela ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabobedi.<ref name=":7" /> Batho ba Hurutshe, Kgatla, le Kwena ba ne ba kgaogana le losika lwa segosi lwa ga Phofu kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal mo gare ga komelelo le dintwa tsa boswa, mme kgabagare ba fudugela kwa bokone go ya kwa Botswana wa gompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;10.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;97.</ref> Batho ba Ngwaketse le ba Ngwato ba ne ba kgaogana le Bakwena ka ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo a matlhano le boraro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;105.</ref> Batho bangwe ba kgaolo ba ne ba nna mo Motlheng wa Bofelo wa Leje go fitlha mo e ka nnang mo lekgolong la lesome le borataro la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;22.</ref> Batho ba Botswana wa gompieno ba simolodistse ditsela tse di telle tsa motsamao ko bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le bosupa, e tsamaelwa dikilometara tse makgolo go rekisa,go tsoma le go itsalanya le batho.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;108–109.</ref>Merafe e ne e kgona go kgaogana motlhofo abo e ipopa ka bongwe go tswa mo go ba bangwe ka gore dithoto tse dipotlana , le leruo tsa lefelo ne di kgona go tsmaisiwa motlhofo.<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":16" />Merafe ya botlhabatsatsi e ne e tshabellwa ke go kgaogana ka ntlha ya seele se se tona gareng ga toropo le ditshimo.<ref name=":18">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;392.</ref>Kgaogano gareng ga ditlhopa tsa baTswana e nnile mo gareng ga ngwagakgolong ya lesome le bosupa, e tlhalosa merafe ya segompieno.<ref name=":19">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;106.</ref>Merafe ya baTswana ba botlhabatsatsi e ne e nna e le maikaelelo a dintwa tsa [[:en:Griqua_people|batho ba Griqua]].<ref name=":18" /> Fa batho ba baTswana ba tswa bokone go ya Botswana wa borwa-bophirima wa segompieno ka ngwagakgolo ya lesome le bosupa , ba ne ba nna mo metseng e e neng e nna batho ba Kgalagari, ba ba tshwaetsa kgotsa ba ba ntsha. Batho ba ba Kwena le merafe ya bone ya lekala ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana wa segompieno ka fa tlase ga taolo ya [[:en:Kgabo_II|Kgabo wa bobedi]] ba bo ba nna gaufi le motse wa [[:en:Molepolole|Molepolole]].<ref name=":19" />Go ya ka setso sa molomo, bapatole ba e leng batho ba Herero le Mbanderu ba ne ba kgaogana go tswa mo bathung ba Mbunda ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bosupa fa ntwa tsa leruo la batswana le ne le phatlalatsa ditlhopa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref> le batho ba Bayeyi ba ne ba fudugela kwa Okavango Delta go ya kwa nokeng ya Chobe ka ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;8.</ref>Mo mafelong a mangwe, batho ba Kaa ba ne ba kgaogana go tswa mo bathong ba Rolong le batho ba Khurutse ba kgaogana le batho ba Bahurutshe, fa ditlhopa tsotlhe di fudugela kwa bokone.<ref name=":20">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;107.</ref>Batho ba Bashaga ba ne ba kopana le batho ba Kgalagari ko bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;110.</ref> State sa ntlha sa Tswana se tlhamilwe ke batho ba Ngwaketse bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi. Si state tse dingwe tsa Tswana di ne tsa tlhamiwa ka go latelana ke batho ba ba Kwena, batho ba Ngwato le batho ba ba Tawana mo dingwageng tse lesome tse nne di latela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;113.</ref> Ka se go ne ga tla ditlhabololo tsa ''mophato (''bontsi ''mephato),'' mephato ya sesole e e rulagantsweng k a dingwaga tsa setlhopa, gareng ga batho ba Tswana ba bophirima mo dingwageng tsa sekete le makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano''.''<ref name=":21">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;386.</ref>Batho ba le babedi ba Kgatla , batho ba Kgafela le batho ba ba Tlokwa, ba tsene mo nakong e ba bo ba tsaa taolo mo tikologong ya [[:en:Pilanesberg|Pilanesberg]] mo Aforika Borewng wa segompieno. Ba ne ba laola ka thata bontsi jwa batho mo lefelong leo mme ebile ba fentse dintwa tse pedi le batho ba Fokeng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], pp.&#x20;390–391.</ref>Tiriso ya mephato e ne ya phatlatsega kwa bathong ba Tswana ba kwa botlhaba kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo.<ref name=":21" />E ne e sa amogelwa go phutologilwe mo borwa === Difaqane === [[:en:Difaqane|Difaqane]], nako ya dintwa le phuduso mo borwa jwa Aforika , e diragetse kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi le tshimologo ya ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;17.</ref> Mo nakong ye, batho ba baTswana ba ne ba le mo '''kgonegong''' ya dintwa ke ditlhopa di le dintsi ,di akaretsa [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|Ndebele]], ba [[:en:Kololo_people|Kololo]], ba [[:en:Ngoni_people|Ngoni]],<ref name=":8" /> ba Pedi, le ba [[:en:Voortrekker|Voortrekkers]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;391.</ref>Bontsi jwa ditlhopa tsa ba Tswana di itlhopetse go boela morago ko ntlheng ga go lwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;394.</ref>Sese ne sa trigger phudugo e e extensive e e ralalang lefelo, go baka gore morafe wa ba Tswana o phatlalale thata abo o simolodisa bolengteng jo bo nonofileng gareng ga territory ya Botswana wa segompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;25.</ref>Ba ne ba nna thata mo [[:en:Hardveld|nageng e e thata]] e e dirang kgaolo ya botlhaba jwa Botswana wa gompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Batho ba Kwena le ba Ngwaketse ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa motseng wa [[:en:South_African_Republic|Transvaal]] go ya kwa ''lefelong la motlhaba''.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;18.</ref> Batho ba ntlha wa Kgatla go nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, batho ba Mmanaana, o ne wa fuduga go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le borobabongwe pele ga o nna kwa [[:en:Moshupa|Moshupa]] le [[:en:Thamaga|Thamaga]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMatemba2003|Matemba 2003]], p.&#x20;53, 56.</ref> Ke fela bangwe ba merafe ya Tswana ya bokonebophirima ba ba neng ba bolokwa mo go fudugeng kgotsa mo go kgorelediweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;393.</ref> Batho ba Kololo ba ne ba tlhasela merafe ya Tswana ya bokonebophirima ka ngwaga wa 1826, ba pateletsa BaKwena le BaNgwaketse go tswa mo dikgaolong tsa bona ka go farologana. Sebogo, molaodi wa morafe wa Ngwaketse, o ne a tsosa banna ba le dikete dile nne mo ''mephatong'' ya bone mme ba dikaganyetsa Dithubaruba kwa Bakololo ba neng ba nna teng. Ba bolaya batlhabani le baagi, ba kobela ruri Bakololo mo kgaolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], pp.&#x20;393–394.</ref> Merafe e ne ya tlhoma dinaga tsa yone gape ka dingwaga tsa bo 1840, ya tlhoma ditoropo le metsana e le mmalwa ya bogolo jo bo farologaneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;31.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;693.</ref><ref name=":22">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;114.</ref> Puso e ne e ikaegile ka ''[[:en:Kgotla|kgotla]]'', kopano ya dipuisano e mo go yone kgosi kgotsa moeteledipele wa kgaolo a neng a utlwa matshwenyego a bontsi jwa baagi ba banna pele a tsaya ditshwetso.<ref name=":34">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;695.</ref><ref name=":23">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;77.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1880, batho ba Tswana le ba Khalagari ba ne ba dirile Botswana yotlhe ya gompieno dikolone.<ref name=":20" /> === Barongwa ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe === Barongwa ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe ba ne ba goroga lantlha mo Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwaga wa 1816 ka [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]]. Setlhopha se le tse dingwe tsa barongwa di ne tsa dira go fetolela dikgosi mo Bokereseteng le go aga dikolo tsa barongwa.<ref name=":24">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;38.</ref> Morongwa [[:en:Robert_Moffat_(missionary)|Robert Moffat]] o ne a baya motse wa gagwe wa borongwa mo molelwaneng wa Botswana wa gompieno jaaka sekgoreletsi kgatlhanong le Maburu gore ba se ka ba kgona go ya kwa teng.<ref name=":8" /> Moffat o gatisitse mokwalo wa ntlha wa puo ya Setswana o o nang le mokwalo o o tshwanang fa a ne a simolola go ranola dikwalo tsa Sekeresete le go kwala thanodi ya Setswana. Tesetamente e Kgologolo le e Ntšhwa ka bobedi di ne di kgona go balwa ka Setswana ka ngwaga wa 1857.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;57, 65.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgopolo di le mmalwa tsa itsholelo tse di neng di le sewelo mo borwa jwa Aforika, go akaretsa sekoloto, dikonteraka tsa tirelo, le thulaganyo ya ''mafisa'' ya bahumi ba adima bahumanegi dikgomo go ba ananya ka tiro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;701.</ref> Gape ba ne ba na le kgopolo ya dithoto tse di fhapegileng ka bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe , mme banna ba ba nyetsweng le basadi ba ba nyetsweng ba ne ba na le tshwanelo ya ditshwanelo tsa lefatshe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;698.</ref> Banna ba ne ba disa dikgomo fa basadi ba ne ba lema dijalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;31–32.</ref> Mabele e ne e le sejalo se se neng se lengwa thata mo kgaolong eo mo lekgolong la lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. Naga e ne e le teng thata, fela komelelo e ne e raya gore temothuo e ne e sa tlhomama.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;34.</ref> Bagwebi ba lefatshe la Britain ba gorogile ka dingwaga tsa bo 1830 mme ba dira ditirisano le dikgosi.<ref name=":24" /> Go tla ga baagi ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe ba ba neng ba nna gaufi le foo go ne ga dira gore merafe ya Batswana e kgone go ikamanya le itsholelo ya lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Kgosi [[:en:Sechele_I|Sechele]] [[:en:Sechele_I|wa ntlha]] wa batho ba Bakwena o ne a dirisa ditsela tse dišwa tsa kgwebo, a netefatsa taolo ya kgwebo ya lefatshe la Britain ya morafe wa gagwe.<ref name=":22" /> Morongwa wa kwa Scotland e bong [[:en:David_Livingstone|David Livingstone]] o ne a goroga mo Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1845, kwa a neng a tlhoma lekgotla la [[:en:Kolobeng_Mission|Kolobeng Mission]]. Se e ne e le tshimologo ya go nna le seabe mo go bokete ga karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe mo merafeng ya Batswana fa ba ne ba tlhoma ditsela tsa kgwebisano tsa dikontinente tse di farologaneng.<ref name=":15" /> Moaparo wa Bophirima o ne wa amogelwa kwa ditoropong go ralala ngwagakgolo otlhe mme o kopanngwa le diaparo tsa setso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;120–121.</ref> Mo maitekong a mangwe a go kgoreletsa Maburu, Livingstone o ne a fa batho ba Kwena ditlhobolo. Sechele e ne e le motho wa ntlha yo Livingstone a neng a mo sokololela mo Bokereseteng, mme morago ga moo kgosi e ne ya ithaopela go sokolola banna ba gagwe ba tlhogo a dirisa disefe tsa letlalo la tshukudu.<ref name=":25">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Bogosi jwa Butua jwa batho ba Kalanga bo ne jwa wa ka ngwaga wa 1840.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;100.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba lebana le kgotlhang go tswa mo ditlhopheng tse dingwe mo kgaolong, mme ya goroga kwa setlhoeng ka dingwaga tsa bo 1850. Batswana ba le bantsi, bogolosegolo merafe ya Kwena le Ngwato, ba ne ba lwa kgatlhanong le merafe ya Maaforikanere le ya MaZulu kwa botlhaba jwa Sekaka sa Kalahari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;195.</ref> Ba-Kwena le Ba-Mmanaana ba ne ba lwantsha Maburu go tswa kwa Transvaal ka ngwaga wa 1852, ba sireletsa kgaolo ya bone mme ba fedisa go atologa ga setšhaba go ya kwa bophirima.<ref name=":26">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;396.</ref> Batswana ba ne ba bona ditlhopha tsa barongwa e le tsela ya go tshabela mo batlhaseding, ba rotloetsa go sokologela mo Bokereseteng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;196.</ref> Sechele o ne a kopa tshireletso ya lefatshe la Britain ka 1853 go fedisa dintwa tsa kgaolo, mme o ne a ganwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;107.</ref> Baeng ba Europa ba ne ba tlwaelesegile thata mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga fa batsomi, batlhotlhomisi, le bagwebi ba ne ba batla dipoelo le go bona dilo tse di kgatlhang mo kgaolong eo.<ref name=":25" /> Ba le bantsi ba ne ba kwala [[:en:Travel_book|dibuka tsa maeto]] ka ga lefelo leo, tse e neng e le dingwe tsa dikgatiso fela tse e seng tsa thuto ka ga Botswana wa gompieno ka nako eo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;65–66.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1860, go fuduga go tswa mo kgaolong go ne ga oketsega fa banna ba Batswana ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya go bereka kwa meepong ya Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;96.</ref> Go ribololwa ga Masimo a [[:en:Tati_Goldfields|Gauta a Tati]] go ne ga tsosa go batla gauta ga ntlha ga karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe kwa Borwa jwa Aforika ka ngwaga wa 1868.<ref name=":24" /> Kampa ya pele ya meepo e e neng ya tlhongwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1870 e ne ya atologa thata fa e ne e nna lefelo le legolo la terena fa gare ga [[:en:Cape_Province|kgaolo ya Cape]] le [[:en:Bulawayo|Bulawayo]], mme ya nna toropokgolo ya ntlha ya Botswana, e leng [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;15, 29.</ref> Mo nakong e mo hisitoring ya Botswana, dikgosi tse dikgolo tsotlhe e ne e le Bakeresete.[92] Ntwa magareng ga Bakwena le BaKgafela ka ngwaga wa 1875.<ref name=":26" />Kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga di le lesome, kgosi [[:en:Khama_III|Khama wa boraro]] wa batho ba Ngwato o ne a gapa taolo ya kgwebisano ya Borithane mo bathong ba Kwena.<ref name=":22" /> == Tshireletso ya lefatshe la Bechuanaland == ''Setlhogo se segolo: [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]]'' Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le tshaba tlhotlheletso e e oketsegang ya lefatshe la Germany mo kgaolong, mme e ne ya dumela go bopa [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]].<ref name=":27">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom & Bolt 2018]], p. 40.</ref><ref name=":28">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;23.</ref> Makgowa a Britain a ne a eletsa go somarela tlhotlheletso ya yone mo merafeng ya Batswana, ka a ne a neelana ka kgolagano magareng ga borwa le bogare jwa Aforika.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Dikgosi tsa Tswana di ne di tshaba go tsenelelwa ke [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|Jeremane ya Aforika Borwa Bophirima]] le [[:en:Afrikaners|Maaforikaner]],<ref name=":29">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;161.</ref> mme di ne di dumela gore tsela e nngwe ya taolo ya Borithane e ne e le bokoloniale jwa baagi ke Jeremane.<ref name=":30">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;694.</ref> Ba ne ba eletsa gape go tila go wela ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Aforika Borwa kgotsa moeteledipele wa meepo [[:en:Cecil_Rhodes|Cecil Rhodes]], le fa tshireletso e santse e iphitlhela e ikaegile ka Aforika Borwa mo itsholelong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;197.</ref> Kgaolo e ne e kgaogantswe go nna lefatshe la merafe le le busiwang ke dikgosi le [[:en:Crown_land|lefatshe la segosi]] le le laolwang ke United Kingdom.<ref name=":29" /> Merafe e borobarobedi e ne ya amogelwa ke Maesemane fa go ne go tlhodiwa protectorate. Tse nne tse dikgolo di ne tsa fiwa dipolokelo tsa merafe: Bakwena, BaNgwaketse, BaNgwato le BaTawana. Gape go ne ga lemogiwa tse tharo tse dinnye: tsa Kgatla, tsa [[:en:Tlokwa_people|Tlokwa]] le tsa ga [[:en:Malete_people|Malete]]. Ba borobedi, ba Tshidi, ba ne ba fiwa lefelo la polokelo le le kgabaganyang molelwane magareng ga naga e e sireleditsweng le Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;30n1.</ref> Fa maloko a merafe e mennye e e seng ya Batswana a ne a letleletswe go tsaya karolo mo setšhabeng le pusong ya Batswana, ba ne ba sa fiwa dipolokelo tsa merafe tsa bona.<ref name=":17" /> Go tsenngwa ga dipolokelo tsa merafe go ne ga fetola mofuta wa puso ya Motswana, ka merafe e ne e sa tlhalosiwe thata mo nakong e e fetileng mme e ne e ka atolosiwa kgotsa ya sutisiwa. Ka dikgaolo di kgaogantswe ka dipuso tsa merafe, baagi ba ne ba sa tlhole ba kgona go tswa mo morafeng motlhofo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;46–47.</ref><ref name=":31">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;24.</ref> Tshireletso kwa tshimologong e ne ya atologela kwa Ngwato, e fitlha go tswa go didikirii di le masome a mabedi le bobedi kwa borwa go ya kwa [[:en:Molopo_River|Nokeng ya Molopo]], mme e ne ya atolosiwa go ya kwa didikiriing di le lesome le borobabobedi kwa borwa go fitlhela kwa Nokeng ya Chobe ka ngwaga wa 1890.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":32">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;30.</ref>Se se ne sa tlamela Maborithane ka badiri ba bantsi ka fa tlase ga taolo ya yona mme sa bopa sekgoreletsi se segolo sa go lekanyetsa bokoloniale jwa Jeremane.<ref name=":32" /> Batho ba bangwe ba Tswana ba ne ba nna kwa borwa jwa tshireletso mme moragonyana ba ne ba tsenngwa mo Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":28" /> Batho ba ga Kgafela ba ne ba nna kwa [[:en:Mochudi|Mochudi]] ka ngwaga wa 1887. Setlhopha se sa Kgatla se ne sa nna le tlhotlheletso ka bonako mo kgaolong mme leina la sone la nna seka-Kgatla.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMatemba2003|Matemba 2003]], p.&#x20;53.</ref>Masole a Borithane a a neng a eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Charles_Warren|Charles Warren]] a ne a goroga ka ngwaga wa 1891 go tlhoma tshireletso semmuso.<ref name=":29" /> Puso ya yone e ne ya tlhalosiwa, mme ga tlhomiwa mookamedi go nna tlhogo ya yone. Mookamedi o ne a fiwa dithata tse di anameng mo tshireletsong, fa fela a ne a tlotla molao wa morafe o o neng o tlhomilwe pele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;45.</ref> Motsemogolo wa yone e ne e le toropo ya Aforika Borwa ya Vryburg, go supa gore babusi ba bokoloniale ba ne ba sa nne mo tshireletsong mme ba ne ba sa amege ka tlhamalalo mo mererong ya yona.<ref name=":33">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;41.</ref>Go na le moo, mookamedi yo mogolo o ne a dira ka bathusa-baokamedi ba babedi, mme mookamedi wa kgaolo o ne a tlhofofatsa go ikgolaganya le merafe e e farologaneng.<ref name=":35">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;229.</ref> Go tsenngwa ga puso ya Borithane mo Aforikaborwa go ne go raya gore Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland e ne e ikaegile ka yona mo itsholelong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;162.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne e dumela gore Bechuanaland Protectorate ke setheo sa nakwana fela mme e ne e solofetse gore e tla tloga e tsewa ke kolone ya Borithane.<ref name=":37">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;115.</ref> Fa go ntse jalo, e ne e dumela gore tshireletso e e kgonang go itshedisa e tla ja madi a mannye go e tlhokomela.<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":41">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;108.</ref> Ka ntlha ya mabaka a, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya gapeletsa taolo e nnye fela e e tlhamaletseng ya Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland.<ref name=":23" /> Dikgosi di ne di akola dikgang tse mme tsa kgona go ithatafatsa le go ikhumisa; ba ne ba boloka boipuso jo bo anameng, fela tshegetso ya bokoloniale e ne e raya gore ba ne ba sa tlhole ba tlhoka tumelelo ya merafe go tshegetsa puso.<ref name=":36">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;41–42.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;66–67.</ref>[ Puso ya merafe e ne ya nna ya seemanosi, se se neng sa baka go gataka ditshwanelo tsa batho le go tlhaola basadi le merafe e mennye.<ref name=":38">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], pp.&#x20;161–162.</ref> === Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa tshireletso === {{Multiple image|total_width=300|image1=Chief-khama-III.jpg|image2=Sebele I by Fritsch 1865.jpg|image3=Bathoen I in london1895.jpg|footer=Khama III, Sebele I le Bathoen I, ba ba neng ba kgona go tlhotlheletsa puso ya Borithane gore e se ka ya tsenya Bechuanaland Protectorate mo taolong ya Khamphani ya British South Africa.|direction=Horizontal}} Batho ba lefatshe la Britain ba ne a rulagantse gore kwa bofelong ba akaretse Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland mo Kopanong ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":31" /> Mo dingwageng morago ga go tlhamiwa ga tshireletso, United Kingdom e ne ya tsena mo dipuisanong le Cecil Rhodes go e tsenya mo [[:en:British_South_Africa_Company|komponeng ya Aforika Borwa ya Borithane]].<ref name=":27" /> Fa ba araba, dikgosi tse tharo tse di nang le tlhotlheletso thata—Khama wa boraro wa Ba-Ngwato, Sebele Iwa ntlha wa Ba-Kwena, le Bathoen wa ntlha wa Ba-Ngwaketse—ba ne ba tsaya loeto lwa bodipolomate go ya kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka ngwaga wa1895 mme ba dira gore puso e se ka ya wetsa tumalano eo.<ref name=":33" /><ref name=":39">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xvii.</ref>Se se ne sa tlhoma sekao sa dikgosi tse di dirisanang le makgoa a lefatshe la Briritsh jaaka setlhopha se se kopaneng<ref name=":40">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;704.</ref> mme sa kwala batho ba bararo ba jaaka batho ba ntlha mo ditsong tsa Botswana jaaka setšhaba se le sengwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Tsela e Rhodes a neng a tshwara [[:en:Jameson_Raid|Jameson Raid]] ka yone e e neng ya palelwa e ne ya kgoba makgowa a lefatshe la British marapo mme dipuisano tsa busediwa morago go ya go ile.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;30–31.</ref> Go ketekwa ga dikgosi tse go ne ga felela ka go gatisiwa ga Dikgosi tse Tharo tse dikgolo tsa Aforika: ''Khamé'', ''Sebéle'' le ''Bathoeng'' ke Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa lefatshe la London ka one ngwaga oo. Mokwalo o o [[:en:Founding_myth|tlhagisitse tlhamane]] e e simolotseng ya gore merafe ya bone e meraro ka go farologana e tlhodilwe ke bakaulengwe ba bararo.<ref name=":42">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;670.</ref> Gape ka ngwaga wa 1895, motsemogolo o ne wa fudusiwa go tswa kwa Vryburg go ya kwa toropong e nngwe ya Aforika Borwa, [[:en:Mafeking|Mafeking]],<ref name=":33" />mme kompone ya Marope a Bogologolo e ne ya kwadisiwa go epa marope a pele ga ditso kwa Bechuanaland le Rhodesia go batla gauta.<ref name=":32" /> Tshireletso e ne ya amiwa thata ke go runya ga bolwane mo diphologolong ya Aforika ya dingwaga tsa bo 1890, ya latlhegelwa ke dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa leruo la yona le diphologolo tsa naga.<ref name=":39" /> [[:en:1890s_African_rinderpest_epizootic|Seporo sa tshireletso se agilwe ka]] [[:en:1890s_African_rinderpest_epizootic|ngwaga wa 1897]] jaaka mola o mogolo wa phetiso ya bokone–borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;226.</ref> Fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le tsosa [[:en:Pioneer_Column|setlhopa sa Babulatsela]] go ya ntweng le batho ba Ndebele, [[:en:Khama_III|Khama wa boraro]] wa Ngwato o ne a thusa ka go romela masole.<ref name=":43">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;32.</ref> Botswana e ne ya nna lefelo la [[:en:Jameson_Raid|tlhaselo ya ga Jameson]] ka 1896.<ref name=":39" /> Morafe wa Kgatla moragonyana o ne wa nna karolo ya [[:en:Boer_War|Ntwa ya Maburu]], o lwa mmogo le Sesole sa Borithane.<ref name=":43" /> Itsholelo ya pele ya bokoloniale ya Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland e ne ya nna e tshwana thata le itsholelo ya pele ga bokoloniale.<ref /> United Kingdom e ne e dirisa thata naga ya tshireletso jaaka tlamelo ya badiri, e fa Batswana ba ba neng ba fudugela kwa borwa go ya go bereka mo meepong dituelo tse di kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;42.</ref> Makgetho le one a ne a tsenngwa, go simolola ka [[:en:Hut_tax|lekgetho la ntlwana]] ka ngwaga wa 1899, le le neng la emisediwa ka [[:en:Poll_tax|lekgetho la ditlhopho]] ka ngwaga wa 1909.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Lekgetho la selegae le ne la tsenngwa moragonyana ka ngwaga wa 1919.<ref name=":44">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;31.</ref>Makgetho a bokoloniale kwa Tshireletsong ya Bechuanaland a ne a le kwa godimo go feta a dikoloni tse di mabapi, mme se sa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba fudugele kwa borwa, mme dikgosi di ne tsa letlelela go abelana maatla ka bopelotshweu le baagi go ba rotloetsa go nna.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;43–44.</ref> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la akanyetsa go kopanya tshireletso mo Aforika Borwa jaaka e ne e [[:en:South_Africa_Act_1909|kopanya dikoloni tsa yona tsa borwa jwa Aforika]], fela kwa bofelong e ne ya di kopanya ka itsholelo ka go tlhama Kopano ya Melelwane ya Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":39" /> ya kopana ka ngwaga wa 1910.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;137.</ref> Boloko bo ne bo dira gore tshireletso e nne le karolo tse pedi mo lekgolong fela ya lotseno lwa bokopano.<ref name=":44" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1910, merafe yotlhe ya Batswana e ne e amogetse Bokeresete.<ref name=":24" />Bechuanaland e ne ya romela masole a le makgolo a le mmalwa go thusa Sesole sa Borithane ka nako ya [[:en:World_War_I|Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya ntlha]].<ref name=":43" /> Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London o ne wa iphitlhela o wela tlase ka nako eo, mme ka iketlo o ne wa latlhegelwa ke tlhotlheletso mo pusong e e neng e sireleditswe.<ref name=":42" /> [[:en:Sebele_II|Sebele wa bobedi]] o ne a nna kgosi ya Kwena ka ngwaga wa 1918, a tlhatlhama rraagwe, [[:en:Sechele_II|Sechele]] [[:en:Sechele_II|wa bobedi]]. Sechele II o ne a thulana le Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London o o neng o laola, a letlelela go nna teng ga Anglican le go busetsa mekgwa e mentsi ya setso e e jaaka go nyala basadi ba le bantsi, go dira pula le ''[[:en:Bogwera|bogwera]]''. Sebele II o ne a tswelela ka kgwetlho ya ga rraagwe kwa Mokgatlhong wa Barongwa wa London, go ngongorega ga puso ya Borithane.<ref /> Puso e e gabedi ya dikgosi le tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya dira gore tsamaiso e nne thata, ka jalo tsamaiso e ne ya tlhama makgotla a mabedi a bagakolodi go lekalekanya balaodi bao.<ref name=":44" /> Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Batswana (moragonyana Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Aforika) le ne la tlhongwa ka ngwagawa 1919.<ref name=":35" />Kopano e ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya dikgosi le batho ba bangwe ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso mo tshireletsong e ne ya letla puso ya Borithane go utlwa le go laola merafe mmogo go na le ka bongwe.[<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;47–49.</ref>] Khama wa boraro wa Ngwato o ne a gana go tsaya karolo, a supa bokoa jwa tiragatso ya thibelo ya bojalwa mo morafeng wa borwa. Khama wa boraro o ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1923<ref name=":45">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;230.</ref> mme a tlhatlhangwa ke [[:en:Sekgoma_II|Sekgoma]] [[:en:Sekgoma_II|wa bobedi]], yo o neng a direla go fitlha a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1926.<ref name=":45" /> Morwa wa ga Sekgoma e bong [[:en:Seretse_Khama|Seretse Khama]] o ne a sa ntse a le lesea, ka jalo [[:en:Tshekedi_Khama|Tshekedi Khama]] o ne a nna mmusi.<ref name=":46">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Tshekedi o ne a lemogwa jaaka moemedi wa merafe yotlhe ya Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;25.</ref> Fa Seretse a ntse a gola, Tshekedi o ne a gatelela gore a fiwe [[:en:Liberal_education|thuto e e gololesegileng]] go na le gore a romelwe kwa sekolong sa madirelo sa Rhodesia.<ref>Samatar 1999, p.&#x20;179.</ref> === Tlhabololo le tlhotlheletso e e oketsegileng ya Borithane === Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1920, kgosi Isang Pilane wa batho ba Kgatla o ne a okametse sekema sa ntlha se segolo sa tlhabololo ya metsi sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland , a dira gore go epiwe metswedi ya metsi e le lesomethataro, mme di le supa tsa tsone di ne tsa nna ditlamelo tsa metsi tse di atlegileng. Tse e ne tsa tlwaelega thata mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang fa puso ya Borithane e ne e kgatlhegela go atolosa itsholelo ya tshireletso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;70.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1930, Isang Pilane le Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Batswana ba ne ba dira gore dikhuti di nne tse di hapegileng, ka gonne di ne di sa tlhokomelwe ka fa tlase ga bong jo bo kopanetsweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], pp.&#x20;699–700.</ref> Komelelo e e masisi e ne ya nna teng mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1930, ya bolaya go feta karolo ya masome a marataro mo lekgolong ya dikgomo tsa tshireletso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;69.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne ya tsaya karolo e e matlhagatlhaga mo pusong ya tshireletso go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1930.<ref name=":47">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;58.</ref><ref name=":41" />Mo ngwageng oo, e ne ya simolola go tlamela ka matlole ka tlhamalalo go tshireletso.<ref name=":48">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;63.</ref> Charles Rey o ne a tlhomiwa go nna molaodi wa Moagi wa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland, mme o ne a na le maikarabelo a go rulaganya itsholelo sešwa go dikologa dikgomo tsa go romelwa kwa ntle.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;55–56.</ref> Maiteko a go fetola tshireletso go ya kwa tlhabololong ya meepo le temothuo ya kgwebo a ne a lekwa mme a bona a kgarametswa morago go tswa mo dikgosing.<ref name=":37" /> Molaodi wa Moagi Rey o ne a thulana le kgosi Sebele wa bobedi, mme a dira gore a lelekwe ka 1931. Sebele II o ne a emisediwa ka morwarraagwe yo mmotlana, Kgari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;79.</ref> Dikgato tse dingwe di ne tsa lekwa ke puso ya Borithane ka 1934 go thibela maatla a a sa laolweng a dikgosi morago ga go menolwa ga ga Sebele II. Dikgato tseno di ne tsa laela makgotla a bagakolodi a dikgosi di neng di tshwanetse go buisana le one mme di ne di batla gore puso ya Borithane e newe phitlhelelo ya direkoto tsa kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;69–70.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;49.</ref> Kgosi [[:en:Bathoen_II|Bathoen wa bobedi]] wa Ngwaketse le moemedi Tshekedi Khama wa Ngwato ba ne ba ntsha kgwetlho ya semolao mo maitekong a. Le fa kgotlatshekelo ya Borithane e ne ya atlhola kgatlhanong le kgwetlho, dipholisi tse dišwa ga di ise di ko di tsenngwe tirisong ka botlalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;72–73.</ref><ref name=":49">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;50.</ref> Dithibelo tse dingwe di ne tsa amogelwa ka kgoeletso ya bokoloniale go lekanyetsa bokgoni jwa dikgosi go lefisa makgetho le go gapa dikgomo tse di timetseng.<ref name=":39" /> Molaodi yo mošwa wa baagi, [[:en:Charles_Arden-Clarke|Charles Arden-Clarke]], o ne a tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 1936 mme a dira gaufi le dikgosi.<ref name=":49" /> === Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II === Dipoifo tsa tlhaselo ya Jeremane kwa Bechuanaland di ne tsa gola pele ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi ka ntlha ya boemo jwa yone jwa togamaano fa gare ga dikoloni tsa Boritane tse di fa gare le tse di kwa borwa mo Aforika. Malatsi a le lesome le bongwe pele ga ntwa e itsisiwe, puso ya Borithane e ne ya tlhagisa naga e e sireleditsweng gore e nne e le mo seemong se se siameng, mme masole a sesole a ne a rulaganngwa. Malatsi a le manè morago ga gore Borithane e bolele ntwa kgatlhanong le lefatshe la Germany, Molaodi wa Moagi Arden-Clarke o ne a tshwara kopano le dikgosi kwa ba neng ba solofetsa go tshegetsa maiteko a ntwa ka botlalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;32–33.</ref> Letsatsi le le latelang, khomišene e kgolo e ne ya ntsha kgoeletso ya [[:en:Emergency_powers|dithata tsa tshoganyetso]] tse di neng tsa e fa taolo e e feletseng mo tirong ya setšhaba mo tshireletsong, fela dikgosi di ne tsa itsisiwe gore di tla nna le maikarabelo a bontsi jwa tiragatso le go boloka kagiso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;33–34.</ref> Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi di ne di batlile go se go nne le tshusumetso epe mo bathong ba Bechuanaland, mme bontsi bo ne bo na le kakanyo e e sa tlhamalalang fela ya gore ntwa e ne e le teng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;34.</ref> Tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya ngotlega fa palo e kgolo ya baagi ba basweu ba ne ba ikwadisa mo Sesoleng sa Boritane. Ba ba neng ba setse ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo mo thulaganyong ya tshireletsego fa go ka direga gore borwa jwa Aforika bo nne letlhakore le lengwe mo ntweng.<ref name=":50">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;35.</ref> Kgatlhanong le dikeletso tsa dikgosi, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya rotloetsa Batswana ba ba neng ba eletsa go direla le Sesole sa Borithane go ikwadisa le Sesole sa Batswana sa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;38.</ref> Banna ba Batswana ba ka nna makgolo a supa ba ne ba ikwadisa le setlhopha seno.<ref name=":51">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;50.</ref> Go tlhokomela Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland go ne ga nna selo se se kwa tlase mo lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka nako ya Kwelotlase e Kgolo ya itsholelo le Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi,<ref name=":41" /> mme tshireletso ga e a ka ya amogela matlole ape go tswa kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka nako ya ntwa.<ref name=":48" /> Mmusomogolo wa Borithane o ne o na le taolo e nnye mo Bechuanaland fa o bapisiwa le dikgaolo tsa one tse dingwe, mme maiteko a Borithane a go laola tlhagiso ya nako ya ntwa mo tshireletsong a ne a sa atlege.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;124.</ref> Ntwa e ne ya fetola thata itsholelo ya tshireletso fa e ntse e tswelela, ya tlhagisa tlhaelo, go aba dijo, le ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;123.</ref> [[:en:Profiteering|Go dira dipoelo]] le go [[:en:Price_gouging|fokotsa ditlhwatlhwa]] go ne go tlwaelesegile, mme puso ya bokoloniale, e e neng e sa kgone go gagamatsa [[:en:Price_control|ditaolo tsa ditlhwatlhwa]], e ne ya dirisa [[:en:Gentlemen's_agreement|ditumalano tsa banna]] le bagwebi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;138.</ref> Makgetho a ne a tlhatlosiwa mme mananeo a Letlole la Tlhabololo ya Bokoloniale di ne tsa fokodiwa kwa tshimologong ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi go tlhoma boipuso jwa matlole go tswa mo mmusomogolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;125–126.</ref> Kgoeletso ya Taolo ya Madirelo a Leruo ya ntlha ya ngwaga wa 1940 e ne ya fetisiwa go duedisa dikgomo lekgetho, madirelo a a magolo a tshireletso, mme fela e ne ya kopana le kganetso e e boitshegang go tswa kwa Batswaneng le Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la kaorolokgolong ya lefatsa ya Europe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;136.</ref> Letlole la ntwa le ne le dira kwa Bechuanaland, mme le fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le solohetse gore meneelo e nne ya boithaopo, dikgosi di ne tsa dirisa taolo ya tsone mo merafeng ya tsone go pateletsa meneelo. E ne ya emisediwa ka lekgetho ka ngwaga wa1941, fela se se ne se sa ratwe thata mme sa itshupa se le thata go se diragatsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;128–131.</ref> === Botsayakarolo jwa Batswana mo Ntweng ya Lefatshe II === [[Setshwantsho:Bechuanaland Boys cleaning Aa Guns in the Twilight after Action, Syracuse, Sicily Art.IWMARTLD4576.jpg|thumb|Basimane ba Bechuanaland ba phepafatsa Ditlhobolo tsa Aa mo Lefifing morago ga Tiragalo, Syracuse, Sicily, tiro ya botaki ya 1944 e e dirilweng ke [[:en:Leslie_Cole_(artist)|Leslie Cole]]]] Go thapiwa ga sesole go simolotse kwa Bechuanaland ka ngwaga wa 1941.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;34–35.</ref> Banna ba ka nna dikete tse tlhano le makgolo a matlhano ba ne ba katisiwa mme ba romelwa kwa ntweng mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse thataro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Banna ba bangwe ba Batswana ba le dikete tse tlhano ba ne ba tsenelela ntwa ka ngwaga wa 1942.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;46.</ref> Ka kakaretso, masole a ka nna dikete tse lesome le bongwe go tswa kwa Bechuanaland a ne a lwa mmogo le Sesole sa Borithane ka nako ya ntwa.<ref name=":50" /> Ba feta dikete tse lesome ba bone ba ne ba direla mo Sesoleng sa Boritane sa [[:en:African_Auxiliary_Pioneer_Corps|Babulatsela ba ba Thusang ba Aforika]].<ref name=":51" /> Dikgosi ka tlwaelo di ne di na le tshwanelo ya go [[:en:Conscript|kwadisa]] masole, mme di ne di itlhokomolosa dikeletso tsa puso ya bokoloniale tsa gore tirelo ya sesole e nne ya boithaopo gotlhelele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;44–46.</ref> Moemedi Tshekedi Khama wa Ngwato o ne a dira gore a se ka a ratwa ke batho ka go dirisa go tsenngwa mo sesoleng jaaka sedirisiwa sa taolo, a go dirisa sebetsa go didimatsa batshwayadiphoso le baganetsi ba sepolotiki.<ref name=":52">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Banna ba ba neng ba eletsa go tila go tsenela bosole ka dinako tse dingwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Aforika Borwa kgotsa kwa mafelong a a kgakala jaaka metlhaba ya [[:en:Okavango_Delta|noka e phatlallang ya Okavango]] le [[:en:Kgalagadi_Transfrontier_Park|sekgwa sa Kgalagadi]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;47.</ref> Ba bangwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgato tsa go itlhokomela ka bonako, jaaka go epa dikhutsi fa bathapi ba ne ba etela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;55.</ref> Dikgosi di ne di eletsa go dirisa go tsaya karolo ga tsone mo ntweng go bona ditshwanelo tse dingwe mo teng ga Mmusomogolo wa Borithane, mme di ne di tshaba gore go fenngwa ga Borithane go tla ba dira babusiwa ba Jeremane kgotsa Aforika Borwa, e leng phelelo e ba neng ba eletsa go e tila.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;39–40.</ref> Maiteko a ntwa gape e ne e le tshono ya go busetsa banna ba Batswana ba ba neng ba fudugetse kwa Aforika Borwa go ya go dira ditiro tsa meepo; dikgosi di ne di eletsa go fedisa mokgwa o mme di ne di ikutlwa di ka dira jalo ka go neelana ka ditiro tsa sesole.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;41–43.</ref> Dituelo dingwe tsa sesole di ne tsa diegisiwa go malapa a masole, mme ditekanyetso tsa thomelo kwa ntle di ne tsa tlosiwa ka nako ya ntwa, mme tsa baka go tsena ga madi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;133.</ref> Fa go bapisiwa le ditšhaba tse dingwe tse di mo Mmusong wa Boritane, batho ba Bechuanaland ba ne ba amogela ntwa eo. Batswana ba le bantsi ba ne ba na le maikutlo a boikanyegi mo mmusomogolong kgotsa ba ikutlwa gore dikgatlhego tsa bone di a tsamaisana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;36–37.</ref> Dikgosi dingwe, jaaka [[:en:Kgari_Sechele_II|Kgari Sechele]] [[:en:Kgari_Sechele_II|wa bobedi]] wa kwa ga Kwena le Molefi Pilane wa ga Kgatla, ba ne ba ikwadisa ka sebele. Ba ne ba dira jaaka disajene tse dikgolo tsa masole, e leng maemo a a kwa godimo a a neng a le teng mo Batswaneng.<ref name=":52" /> Go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya letlelela Batswana go nna le diteseletso tsa kgwebo le go dira mo teng ga naga e e sireleditsweng. Se pele se ne se lekanyeditswe batho basweu le makula.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;135.</ref> Setlhopha sa Dikgaolo tsa Dikhomišene tse di Kwa Godimo se ne se le kwa Botlhabagare go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1946 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1949.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> === Mokgatlho wa boipuso === [[Setshwantsho:1960 6d Bechuanaland Protectorate stamp.jpg|thumb|Setempe sa ngwaga wa 1960 sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland se se nang le ditshwantsho tsa ga [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Kgosigadi Victoria]] le [[:en:Elizabeth_II|Elizabeth wa bobedi]], dikgosi tsa ntlha le tsa bofelo tsa Borithane tsa tshireletso .]] Bokhutlo jwa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi bo ne jwa tla ka phetogo e kgolo mo setšhabeng. Dikgosi di ne tsa bonwa di se botlhokwa thata mo sebopegong sa loago, mme bontsi bo ne jwa tlogela dipolelo tsa bone tsa lefatshe lotlhe mo dikgomong tsa merafe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;51.</ref> Didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa setšhaba, jaaka lefatshe le badiri, di ne tsa dirwa tse di hapegileng le go dirwa dithoto.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;52.</ref> Phitlhelelo ya thuto e ne ya tlhola setlhopha sa batlhalefi ba ba [[:en:Liberalism|gololesegileng]] ba ba neng ba le kgatlhanong le puso ya dikgosi mme ba simolola go ipopela mafelo a bone a maatla mo mekgatlhong ya badiri le ditlhopha tsa baagi.<ref name=":63">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;165.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1946, ke karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong fela ya paoyotlhe ya baagi e e neng e na le tiro kwa ntle ga temothuo le ditirelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;57.</ref> Tshireletso e ne ya bona koketsego e kgolo ya dikelo tsa matsalo jaaka karolo ya bogare jwa [[:en:Mid-20th_century_baby_boom|ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi wa go tlhatloga ga masea]] mo dingwageng tsa morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, e e neng e tsamaya le koketsego ya [[:en:Life_expectancy|dingwaga tsa botshelo]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;12–13.</ref> Tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e simolotse lenaneo la yone la ntlha ya tlhabololo mo tshireletsong, e leng lefelo la matlhabelo, ka dingwaga tsa bo ka ngwaga wa 1950.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;81.</ref> Maborithane, a santse a solofetse go kopanya tshireletso go nna Aforika Borwa, kwa bofelong a ne a phimola leano le morago ga tshimologo ya [[:en:Apartheid|Tlhaolele]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref>Fa maiteko a simolola go tlhama tsela e ntšhwa ya isago ya tshireletso, tshireletso e ne ya bewa mo seemong sa go tlhoka maitseo, mme ga go na tsela ya go ya pele e e neng e bonala sentle.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], pp.&#x20;672–673.</ref> Tshitshinyo nngwe e ne e le go e tsenya mo [[:en:Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland|Mokgatlhong wa Rhodesia le Nyasaland]], o lefatshe la United Kingdom e o tlhamileng ka fa tlase ga pholisi ya "tirisanommogo ya merafe e mentsi".<ref>Parsons 2006, p.&#x20;673.</ref> Fa mojaboswa wa Ngwato Seretse Khama a gola, mmusi Tshekedi Khama o ne a leka go tshwarelela mo pusong.<ref name=":53">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;696.</ref> Seretse o ne a nyala mosadi wa mosweu, [[:en:Ruth_Williams_Khama|Ruth Williams]], fa a ne a ithuta kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom, mme se sa baka matlhabisa ditlhong mo lelapeng la segosi la ga Ngwato.<ref name=":46" /> Le fa kwa tshimologong setšhaba se ne se le kgatlhanong le lenyalo le, go sa ratweng ga ga Tshekedi go ne ga fetola maikutlo a Seretse.<ref name=":47" /> Kgang e ne ya tlhagisiwa mo kgotleng ka ngwaga wa 1949, mme puso ya ga Tshekedi e ne ya ganwa ka bontsi ke diketekete tsa batho ba ba neng ba le teng.<ref name=":53" /><ref name=":47" /> Tshekedi le batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Kwena kwa botshabelo.<ref name=":54">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Puso ya makgowa e ne e sa itshokele lenyalo la ga Seretse le mosadi yo mosweu. Ka maiteko a go ritibatsa puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa, e ne ya leleka banyalani ba mo pusong ya tshireletso ka ngwaga wa 1950. Se se ne sa tsosa mokgatlho wa bosetšhaba o o neng o gola mo gare ga baemanokeng ba ga Seretse mo pusong ya tshireletso, o o neng wa tlhagelela ka botlalo ka ngwaga wa 1952.<ref name=":37" /> Ka nako ya fa Seretse a ne a seyo, lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la baya molaodi wa kgaolo dingwaga di le nne pele ga e tlhoma Rasebolai Kgamane, motshegetsi wa ga Tshekedi, go nna moemedi.<ref name=":54" /> Morafe wa Ngwato o ne wa tsuologela go lelekwa ga ga Seretse.<ref name=":55">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;53.</ref> Batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba kopa gore a bowe, mme go ne ga tsoga dikhuduego fa ba ne ba ganwa. Seretse o ne a feleletsa a letleletswe go boa ka ngwaga wa1956.<ref name=":56">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;90.</ref> Ka nako e, kgaogano e e gagametseng ya merafe mo Aforika Borwa ya Tlhaolele e ne ya thibela lefatshe la United Kingdom go e ritibatsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;200.</ref> Mo nakong yotlhe ya mathata a go lelekwa ga ga Seretse, maatla a ne a tlogela bogosi mme a ya kwa mekgatlhong ya ditlhopho.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;91.</ref> Tshekedi le Seretse ba ne ba dira kagiso fa Seretse a boa, mme Seretse a nna moeteledipele wa ''nnete'' wa Ngwato, le fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le mo thibetse go nna kgosi ya semmuso.<ref name=":56" /> Ka thotloetso ya Borithane, morafe wa Ngwato o ne wa tlhama lekgotla la morafe, le Seretse le Tshekedi ka bobedi e neng e le maloko a lone.<ref name=":55" /> Merafe e mengwe e ne ya tlhoma makgotla a merafe a a tshwanang, a a neng a dira jaaka ditšheke tsa maatla a dikgosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;26.</ref> Go ne ga sala letlhoo lengwe fa gare ga banna ba babedi ba: Tshekedi o ne a eletsa go boloka puso ya morafe le maatla a dikgosi, fa Seretse ene a ne a akanya ka puso ya batho ka batho ya boemedi le dikgosi tse di bokoa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;91–92.</ref> Selekanyo sa maatla a a beeleditsweng mo dikgosing e ne ya nna kgang e e neng ya baka dikganetsano thata mo mokgatlhong wa boipuso o o neng o gola, bogolosegolo mo bathong ba ga Ngwato le ba lelapa la ga Khama.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;93–94.</ref> Bechuanaland Protectorate Federal Party e ne e le lekoko la ntlha la sepolotiki le le neng la tlhamiwa mo kgaolong ya tshireletso fa le ne le tlhamiwa ke moeteledipele wa mokgatlo wa Ngwato [[:en:Leetile_Disang_Raditladi|Leetile Disang Raditladi]] ka ngwaga wa 1959. Le bopilwe thata ke batho ba maemo le batlhalefi, le ne le buelela kopano ya merafe ya Batswana. Lekoko le ne la palelwa ke go bona tshegetso mme la nna lobaka lo lokhutshwane.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;94.</ref> Ngwaga o o latelang, [[:en:Bechuanaland_People's_Party|Lekoko la Batho la Bechuanaland]] (BPP, moragonyana Lekoko la Batho la Botswana) le ne la tlhamiwa jaaka lekoko le le bogale thata, le le ganetsanang le puso ya merafe ya setso mme la bona boikuelo mo badiring ba bafaladi.<ref name=":57">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> E ne e eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Motsamai_Mpho|Motsamai Mpho]], [[:en:Philip_Matante|Philip Matante]], le Kgalemang Morsete.<ref name=":58">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xviii.</ref> BPP, e e neng ya tlhamiwa jaaka molekane wa Setswana wa lekoko la [[:en:African_National_Congress|African National Congress]] la Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":59">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;74.</ref> e ne ya tshegetsa boipuso jwa ka bonako le go fedisiwa gotlhelele ga bogosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Ka go tshaba gore BPP e tla nyatsa puso e e leng teng le go tshuba dikgotlhang le puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa, dikgosi le puso ya Borithane di ne tsa thibela bokgoni jwa yona jwa go kopana.<ref name=":57" /> Merafe ya tshireletso mmogo e ne ya bopa lekgotla la peomolao ka ngwaga wa 1961.<ref name=":37" /> Batho ba Kwena ba ne ba iphitlhela ba le ka fa tlase ga moemedi, [[:en:Neale_Sechele|Neale Sechele]], ka ngwaga wa 1963, se se rayang gore ba ne ba na le tlhotlheletso e nnye ya sepolotiki fa mokgatlho wa boipuso o ntse o gola.<ref name=":60">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;102.</ref> Leano la Tlhabololo la Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland la dingwaga tsa 1963/1968 le ne la kwalwa ka thulaganyo ya dipuisano ka ngwaga wa 1963, le tlhama tlhaloso ya boipuso jwa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;26–27.</ref> Fa palo ya batho e ne ba sa dire sepe mo dipolotiking ka kakaretso, lefatshe la United Kingdom e ne ya nna nngwe ya mafatshe a a neng a etelela pele go bona boipuso. Ka go tshwenyega gore lekoko la BPP e ne e le e e tseneletseng thata, lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la rotloetsa moeteledipele wa yone yo o mo ratang, Seretse Khama, go tlhama lekoko la sepolotiki.<ref name=":59" /> Le fa Khama a ne a dumalana le mekgwa ya lekoko la BPP e e kgatlhanong le bosemorafe le ya lefatshe, o ne a le kgatlhanong le tsela ya yone ya go tlhoma dipolotiki le go amogela ga yone bojammogo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;96.</ref>O ne a dumela go tlogela go bolela ga gagwe mo bathong ba ga Ngwato go dira jaaka radipolotiki, a tlhama [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|Lekoko la]] [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|puso ya batho ka batho la Bechuanaland]] (BDP, moragonyana ya nna lekoko la Botswana Democratic ) ka ngwaga wa 1962.<ref name=":59" /> Lekoko la BDP e ne ya itlhoma jaaka "lekoko la dikgosi", mme ya amogela dikakanyo tse di amanang le puso ya merafe ya pele ga bokoloniale.<ref name=":30" /> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la rotloetsa lekoko la BDP, le tlhaloganya gore le tla tshegetsa kgwebisano ya leruo ya motlha wa bokoloniale.<ref name=":73">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;149.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1963, kgosi ya Kgatla Linchwe e ne e le ene fela kgosi e e neng e le kgatlhanong le BDP e bile e na le tlhotlheletso ya sepolotiki, mme batho ba Kgatla ba ne ba rata lekoko la BDP, ka jalo o ne a nna a sa tsenelele mo dipolotiking.<ref name=":60" /> Thulaganyo ya phetogo e ne ya simolola ka lekoko la BDP e ne e solofetswe go busa Botswana yo o ikemetseng, mme puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya bereka le boeteledipele jwa lekoko la BDP go ba baakanyetsa go tsamaisa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;78.</ref> Go ne ga tshwarwa bokopano ka ngwaga wa 1963 go okamela go tlhamiwa ga molaotheo o mosha. Dikgotlhang tsa ka fa gare ga lekoko la BPP di ne di raya gore lekoko la BDP e ne e na le tlhotlheletso e ntsi mo thulaganyong. Tshekedi Khama o ne a tlhokafetse ka nako e, ka jalo Bathoen wa bobedi o ne a nna moeteledipele wa lekoko le le neng le ema nokeng puso ya bofederale, a dumela gore le tla boloka puso e le mo diatleng tsa dikgosi. Lefatshe la United Kingdom le boradipolotiki ba Batswana ba ne ba tshegetsa puso ya bosetšhaba e e kopaneng ka gonne Botswana e ne e humanegile thata go ka kgaoganya dithoto tsa yona le ka gonne go tlhoka go kopanya dithoto go ne go tla dira gore e nne mo kotsing ya go tlhaselwa ke merafe e mengwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;97.</ref> Puso ya dikgaolo e e itsholetseng e ne ya itshupa e sa kgonege mo dipolotiking, ka jalo go ne ga dirwa tumalano ya gore dikgosi di tla bopa Ntlo ya Dikgosi, e leng setlhopha sa bagakolodi mo teng ga [[:en:Parliament_of_Botswana|Palamente ya Botswana]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;98–99.</ref> Dikgosi di ne di santse di le kgatlhanong le thulaganyo e, mme mo mokgatlhong o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Bathoen, Ntlo ya Dikgosi e ne ya fetisa tlhopo ya [[:en:No_confidence|go sa tshepe]] puso e ntšhwa, mme fela go tlhoka maatla a yone a sepolotiki go ne ga e thibela go dirisa phetogo e e nang le bokao.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;56.</ref> Molao wa Lekgotla la Kgaolo o ne wa fetisiwa jaaka tsela e nngwe ya go lekanyetsa maatla a dikgosi ka go tlhama makgotla a a tla okamelang kgaolo le toropo nngwe le nngwe,<ref name=":58" /> go dira gore mekgatlho e e tlhophilweng e e nne balaodi ba konokono ba selegae.<ref name=":64">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;78.</ref> Toropo ya [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] e agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1965 mme ya itsisiwe jaaka motsemogolo o mošwa.<ref name=":59" /> E agilwe mo lefatsheng la puso ya Borithane, le le neng le tlamela ka lefelo le le sa tseyeng letlhakore le le neng le sa laolwe ke morafe ope .<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;16.</ref> [[:en:Constitution_of_Botswana|Molamotheo]] o ne wa tsenngwa tirisong ka one ngwaga oo.<ref name=":59" /> Ka se se tirisong, Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la fa tshireletso puso ya go ipusa.<ref name=":61">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;116.</ref> Ngwaga wa 1965 gape e ne ya bona go fetisiwa ga Molao wa Dikgotla tsa Dikgaolo o o neng wa fetola seabe sa bokoloniale sa molaodi wa kgaolo ka go se bofa mo makgotleng a dikgaolo a a sa tswang go tlhamiwa,<ref name=":74">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;25.</ref> mme wa bona go tlhongwa ga Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Bosetšhaba e e neng e le ya puso.<ref name=":75">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> Mpho o ne a kgaogana le lekoko la BPP go tlhama Lekoko la Boipuso la Bechuanaland (BIP) ka ngwaga wa 1965.<ref name=":62">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;32.</ref> E eteletswe pele ke Seretse Khama le [[:en:Quett_Masire|Quett Masire]], lekoko la BDP le ne la dira letsholo mo e ka nnang mo motseng mongwe le mongwe wa kgaolo ya tshireletso pele ga ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa kakaretso. Go farologana le batho ba bangwe ba sepolotiki kwa Bechuanaland, Seretse Khama o ne a na le boikuelo go ralala merafe e e farologaneng.<ref name=":60" /> Morago ga moo lekoko la BDP le ne la tlhophiwa go etelela puso ya ntlha pele.<ref name=":61" /> Lekoko la BPP le ne la gapa manno a le mararo fela mo lekgotleng la peomolao, mme lekoko la BIP le ne la palelwa ke go gapa epe.<ref name=":62" /> Morago ga ditlhopho, go ne ga tlhamiwa lekoko la [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|Botswana]] [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|National Front]] (BNF) jaaka lekoko le le kopaneng la kganetso ya BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;32–33.</ref> E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Kenneth_Koma|Kenneth Koma]], lekoko la BNF le ne la nna mmaba yo mogolo wa lekoko la BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;109.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;31–33.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la tlhopha Khama go nna tonakgolo ya naga.<ref name=":65">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;204.</ref>Go farologana le makoko a mantsi a sepolotiki a a tlhomilweng mo Aforika, BDP e ne e le lekoko le le itekanetseng le le sa fetogeng go na le go nna lekoko le le kgatlhanong le bokoloniale.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;711.</ref> Morago ga go tlhamiwa ga yona, Ntlo ya Dikgosi e ne ya ntsha tlhopo ya go sa tshepe molaotheo ka ngwaga wa 1966, mme se sa dira gore go nne le letsholo la bosetšhaba la go tshegetsa molaotheo le le neng la bona tshegetso e e lekaneng gore dikgosi di fedise maiteko a tsone a go o gwetlha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;100–101.</ref> Tshireletso e ne ya newa boipuso jaaka Rephaboliki ya Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1966.<ref name=":61" /> == Repaboliki ya Botswana == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Independence, 1966.png|thumb|[[:en:Seretse_Khama|Seretse Khama]] a ikanisa maikano a go nna Tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1966]] Boipuso jwa Botswana bo ne bo kaya go tsenngwa tirisong ga puso ya batho le batho e e gololesegileng, go tlisa ditlhopho, tshireletso ya ditshwanelo tsa batho, le tirelosetšhaba.<ref name=":64" /> Se se ne sa dira gore go nne le thulaganyo ya go tlhatlosiwa maemo e e ikaegileng ka bokgoni le go tlhamiwa ga tsamaiso ya puso ya maranyane.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref>Setšhaba se ne sa bopa puso e e neng e fetotswe go tswa mo [[:en:Westminster_system|tsamaisong ya Westminster]],<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;23–24.</ref> mme Tonakgolo Seretse Khama a nna Moporesidente Seretse Khama.<ref name=":65" /> Go ne ga tlhamiwa boitshupo jwa bosetšhaba, jwa kopanya merafe e e sa tshwaneng mo letshwaong le le lengwe la Setswana, ka ngwao e e ikaegileng ka ya merafe ya Setswana.<ref name=":80">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNyamnjoh2007|Nyamnjoh 2007]], p.&#x20;307.</ref> Botswana e ne ya boloka bontsi jwa ditheo tsa yone tsa merafe tsa pele ga bokoloniale morago ga boipuso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;54.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;7.</ref> Se e ne e le ditlamorago tsa puso e e nonofileng e e neng e amana le merafe ya Batswana le tsereganyo e e lekanyeditsweng ya puso ya Borithane mo dinakong tsa bokoloniale.<ref name=":34" /> Mofuta wa go buisana wa dipolotiki tsa setšhaba pele le morago ga boipuso e ne e le mokgwa o o sa tlwaelesegang mo merafeng e mengwe e mentsi ya Aforika e e neng ya nna le babusaesi morago ga boipuso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;30, 56.</ref> Go na le go fedisa bogosi, puso e ntšhwa e ne ya bo tsenya mo tsamaisong ya semolao, ya fa dikgosi dithata tsa boatlhodi ka ''kgotla'', go ikaegile ka dikgotlatshekelo tsa boikuelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe]] 2012, p.&#x20;36.</ref>Tlwaelo ya go ikobela boeteledipele, e e kileng ya fiwa dikgosi, e ne ya sutela kwa botautoneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;30.</ref> Puso e ne ya tiisa go tlhomama ga yona ka go thapa tirelosetšhaba ya yone ka baitseanape b<ref name=":66">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], pp.&#x20;31–32.</ref>a dinaga di sele, go farologana le dinaga tse dingwe tse dišwa tsa Aforika tse gantsi di neng di leleka baitseanape ba dinaga di sele.<ref name=":67">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], p.&#x20;35.</ref><ref name=":68">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;105.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;59.</ref> Se se ne sa boloka puso ya mofuta wa Bophirima e e neng e gatelela tlhabololo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;259.</ref> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la tswelela go tlamela Botswana ka matlole mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tse tlhano tsa go nna teng ga yone.<ref name=":61" /> Maemo a yone a kagiso, a puso ya batho ka batho fa a bapisiwa le ditšhaba tse dingwe tsa Aforika a ne a raya gore e ne ya amogela thuso e ntsi go tswa mo mekgatlhong ya Bophirima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;255.</ref> Ka nako ya boipuso, Botswana e ne e le setšhaba se se humanegileng thata, go feta bontsi jwa dinaga tse dingwe mo Aforika.<ref name=":69">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;104.</ref><ref name=":66" /> E ne e sena badiri ba ba rutegileng, ka baagi ba le masome a mane fela ba ba nang le ditlankana tse di hagodimo tsa mmadikolo, mme go ne go sena ditlamelo tse di itsegeng tsa metswedi ya tlholego go tshegetsa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;62, 64.</ref> Botswana e ne e ikaegile ka puso ya Tlhaolele mo Aforika Borwa go fitlhelela setšhaba sa lefatshe, mme bontsi jwa badiri ba Botswana e ne e le badiri ba bafaladi mo Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;64.</ref> Botswana e ne ya tsena mo ntweng e e tlhamaletseng le Rhodesia, e e neng ya baka dintwa tsa sesole go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1978.<ref name=":63" /> Go nna le seabe mo go lekanyeditsweng ga Borithane go ne go kaya gore go ne go se na tlhabololo e ntsi fa e sale ka nako ya bokoloniale.<ref name=":69" /><ref name=":70">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;160.</ref> Bokgoni jwa go bala le go kwala e ne e le selekanyo sa karolo ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong, mme go ne go na le dikilometara di le lesome fela tsa tsela e e tshetsweng.<ref name=":69" /> Mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a robangbongwe ya baagi e ne e le mo [[:en:Abject_poverty|lehumeng le le tseneletseng]],<ref name=":70" /> mme bontsi jwa baagi e ne e le balemibarui ba dikgomo kgotsa [[:en:Subsistence_farmers|balemibarui ba ba itshidisang]].<ref name=":71">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;55.</ref> Fa setšhaba se fitlhelela boipuso, komelelo e e masisi e ne ya fedisa karolo ya masome amarao go fihlela masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya palo ya dikgomo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;63.</ref> Mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa Batswana ba ne ba ikaegile ka [[:en:World_Food_Programme|Lenaneo la Dijo la Lefatshe]] go tila tlala.<ref name=":81">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;220.</ref> Ditšhaba tse dingwe di ne di na le ditsholofelo tse di kwa tlase mo Botswana, mme mo Aforika yotlhe e ne e bonwa jaaka [[:en:Bantustan|Bantustan]] ya Tlhaolele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;1.</ref> Kamano e le Tlhaolele gape e ne e le ntlha ya katlego ya Botswana jaaka setšhaba se se ikemetseng: boeteledipele jwa Batswana bo ne bo eletsa go tila phelelo e e tshwanang le ya Aforika Borwa fa setšhaba se ka palelwa, mme dikgolagano tsa dikgang tsa mafatshe fatshe tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa le Bophirima go thibela go tsenngwa ke Aforika Borwa di ne di raya gore Botswana o ne a tshepa thata dinaga tsa Bophirima go amogela thuso le thato ya bone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;76–77.</ref> Boeteledipele jwa ntlha jwa Botswana bo ne bo laolwa ke malapa a merafe e e busang mmogo le palo e nnye ya badiredipuso ba ba rutegileng thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;6.</ref> Go tshwana ga bona ga itsholelo le dikgopolo go ne go raya gore puso e nne e tlhomame kwa ntle ga dintwa tsa sepolotiki.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;71.</ref> Le fa Bathoen a ne a tlogela maemo a gagwe a go nna kgosi go ya go dira dipolotiki, bontsi jwa dikgosi tse dingwe di ne tsa amogela maatla a tsona a a fokoditsweng a sepolotiki mo pusong e ntšhwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;56–57.</ref> Tiro e nngwe ya dikgosi e ne e laolwa ke Molao wa Bogosi wa ngwaga ya 1966.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;140.</ref> Go tlhoka bonweenwee go ne ga dira gore puso e nne semolao thata mme ya ratwa ke balekane ba Bophirima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;166.</ref> Go farologana le bontsi jwa merafe e e sa tswang go tlhamiwa ya Aforika, bontsi jwa boeteledipele bo ne bo tswa mo setšhabeng sa temothuo, go kaya gore dikgatlhego tsa bona di ne di tsamaisana le bontsi.<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":71" /> Se se ne sa rotloetsa puso e ntšhwa go boloka dipholisi tsa motlha wa bokoloniale tse di neng di solegela barui ba dikgomo molemo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;75.</ref> Setlhopa sa semmuso sa Nama ya Botswana se ne sa tlhamiwa go laola madirelo a nama ya kgomo.<ref name=":58" /> Boikuelo jwa lekoko la BDP jwa merafe yotlhe le kgatlhego e e kopanetsweng ya go tlhoma boipuso di ne tsa rotloetsa puso e ntšhwa gape go dira mo dikgatlhegelong tsa bontsi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;54–55.</ref> Ditlhopha tse dinnye tsa baagi ba basweu di ne tsa sala mo nageng mme tsa ganetsa boipuso jwa yone.<ref name=":63" /> Le fa moragonyana di ne di tla nna botlhokwa mo tlhabololong ya Botswana, ditshwanelo tsa ditswammung di ne tsa fiwa botlhokwa jo bo kwa tlase fa di bona boipuso, mme merafe e ne ya di fetisetsa kwa pusong ya bogareng ka ngwaga wa 1967.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;103–104.</ref> === Botautona jwa ga Seretse Khama === Khama o ne a ratwa ke batho botlhe mme a bonwa e le moeteledipele wa tlholego wa merafe yotlhe ya Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;202–203.</ref> Tsamaiso ya gagwe e ne ya tsenya tirisong maano a a neng a lebisitswe mo go tlhameng mafaratlhatlha le dithoto tsa setšhaba, bogolosegolo go tsenya tshela ditsela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;111.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;86.</ref> O ne a simolola go aga dikolo, matlhabelo le dikhuti tse di neng tsa tswelela mo masomeng a dingwaga a a latelang. Lefatshe le le nang le banni la Batswana le Basarwa le ne la dirisiwa go aga mesima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;219.</ref> Tlhabololo e ne ya tla ka tshenyegelo ya kgwebo le tlhagiso, e e neng e lekanyeditswe go tlamela ka matlole a leruo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004,]] p.&#x20;164.</ref> Go ne ga tlhongwa mogopolo thata mo go otla dikgomo le go aga matlhabelo go rotloetsa madirelo a nama ya kgomo mo gare ga go tlhoka metsi. <ref name=":82">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;205.</ref>[[:en:Public_welfare|Mananeo a katlaatleloloago]] le one a ne a tlhongwa.<ref name=":67" /> Go ribololwa ga ditaemane go ne ga netefatsa gore mananeo a a bona madi a a lekaneng.<ref name=":72">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;305.</ref> Dipeeletso tse le mokgwa o o sa fetogeng wa go somarela madi a puso di ne tsa thibela boemo jwa [[:en:Dutch_disease|bolwetse jwa Dutch]] jo bo neng jwa golafatsa dinaga tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di neng di tletse ka didirisiwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;4.</ref> Thuto e ne ya atolosiwa mo setšhabeng sotlhe, mme puo ya Setswana e ne ya lekanngwa mmogo le Seesemane ka go latlhegelwa ke dipuo tse dingwe.<ref name=":72" /><ref name=":68" /> Khama o ne a siamisa seo jaaka tsela ya go fitlhelela kutlwano.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;228.</ref> Quett Masire o ne a dira jaaka Mothusa tautona ka fa tlase ga ga Seretse Khama mmogo le Tona ya tsa madi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;84.</ref> O ne a laola tekanyetsokabo ya lefatshe le tiriso ya madi ka go tlhama motseletsele wa Maano a Tlhabololo ya Bosetšhaba, go ikaegilwe ka kamogelo ya Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba le Komiti ya itsholelo ya Kabinete.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;58.</ref> Dipoeletso tsa maano a di ne tsa nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya molao wa semmuso ya puso morago ga gore batlhatlhami ba ga Khama le Masire ba tsene mo maemong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;171.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1967, ditaemane di ne tsa fitlhellwa kwa Botswana ke setlamo sa Aforika Borwa sa ditaemane sa [[:en:De_Beers|De Beers]], mme ditiro di ne tsa simolola ka bonako morago ga moo.<ref name=":76">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;110.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;61.</ref> Dipeeletso tsa kopore di ne tsa fitlhelwa kwa [[:en:Selebi-Phikwe|Selebi-Phikwe]] ka ngwaga oo, mme se sa senola gape khumo ya ditswammung tsa setšhaba.<ref name=":58" /> Puso e ne ya dirisana le De Beers ka ngwaga wa 1969 go dira ditiro tse dikgolo tsa meepo ya ditaemane,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;136.</ref> mme e ne ya amega mo dipuisanong sešwa tsa [[:en:Southern_African_Customs_Union|Kopano ya Melelwane ya Aforika Borwa]] ka one ngwaga oo go tokafatsa thata maatla a yone a itsholelo mo kgaolong.<ref name=":77">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;65.</ref> Moepo mongwe kwa [[:en:Morupule|Morupule]] o ne wa simolola go ntsha magala ka ngwaga wa 1973, mme wa tlamela setšhaba ka karolo e kgolo ya motlakase.<ref name=":78">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xix.</ref> [[:en:Orapa_diamond_mine|Moepo wa ditaemane wa Orapa]] o ne wa bulwa kwa Orapa ka ngwaga wa 1971, mme go ne ga tlomamisiwia tumalano ya go abelana lotseno fa gare ga puso le De Beers ka ngwaga wa 1974.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;125.</ref> Moragonyana Masire o ne a netefatsa gore De Beers e ne e tshegeditse dikgwebo tsa gagwe tse di hapegileng ka madi, mme se sa dira gore go akanyediwe gore setlamo se ka tswa se amogetse tumalano e e mosola mo kgannyeng e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;129–130.</ref> Molao wa Metsi le Molao wa ditsha tsa Morafe di ne tsa tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1968, mme tsa tlhama lekgotla la Kabo ya Metsi le lekgotla tsa naga di le lesome le bobedi, ka go latelana. Tse di ne di okametse kabo ya ditshwanelo tsa metsi le lefatshe ke puso go na le ka go nna mong wa morafe mongwe le mongwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;76.</ref> Ka se, ba ne ba tsenya dithata tsa setso tsa dikgosi.<ref name=":74" /> Molao wa Mafatshe a Phulo a Merafe e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1975 go thibela [[:en:Overgrazing|phulo e e feteletseng]], mme fela e ne ya itshupa e sa atlege.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;67.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;173.</ref> Tota e bile, e ne e letla baagi ba ba humileng go kopa ditsha tse dikgolo tsa dikgomo ka tshenyegelo ya baagi ba ba sa humang thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;206.</ref> Ditlhopho tsa ntlha morago ga boipuso di ne tsa diragala ka ngwaga wa 1969.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la dira maswe go le gonnye fa e bapisiwa le tiragatso ya yona ya ngwaga wa 1965, mme mothusa tautona Masire o ne a latlhegelwa ke setilo sa gagwe ke Bathoen, se se neng sa mo tlhoka gore a tseye setilo se se kgethegileng se se tlhophilweng.<ref name=":79">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;80.</ref> Lekoko la BPP le ne la nyelela ka botlhokwa fa dipolotiki tsa Botswana di ntse di gola.<ref name=":73" /> Koporase ya Tlhabololo ya Botswana e e neng e le ya puso e ne ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 1970,<ref name=":75" /> mme moepo wa diteemane wa Orapa o ne wa bulwa ka ngwaga wa 1971.<ref name=":78" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1973, diteemane di ne di dira karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong ya Palo yotlhe ya tlhagiso ya lefatshe ya Botswana,<ref name=":76" /> mme kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1970, meepo e ne e le madirelo a magolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;5.</ref> Goromente wa Botswana o ne a buisana gape ka tumalano ya yone ya meepo le De Beers magareng ga ngwaga wa 1971 le ngwaga wa 1975, ya sutisetsa bontsi jwa dituelo kwa setšhabeng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;210.</ref> Fa itsholelo ya teemane e ntse e tlhabologa le dipeeletso di boela mo lefatsheng, Botswana e ne ya falola lehuma mme ya bonwa jaaka katlego mo merafeng e mengwe mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara morago ga bokoloniale.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;212.</ref> Ditlhabololo tse di dirile gore Botswana e nne naga e e golang ka bonako mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":77" /> Batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo le a a fa gare ba ne ba bona molemo thata, go oketsa go [[:en:Wealth_inequality|tlhoka tekatekano ga khumo]], mme gape go ne go raya gore makgetho a ka fokodiwa, se se neng sa dira gore balemi ba ba tshegetse.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;71–72.</ref> Tlhabololo ya Botswana le tiriso ya yone ya tirelosetšhaba ya mafatshe a sele e ne ya atlega mo e leng gore puso e ne ya tlhotlheletsa lefatshe la United States go romela setlhopa sa baithaopi ba kagiso (Peace Corps) kwa ntle ga ditekanyetso tsa setso tsa gore ke dikarolo dife tse mokgatlho o ka di dirang.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 go ne ga tla koketsego ya Batswana ba ba botlana ba ba rutegileng mo lefelong la gaeno, ba ba neng ba nna le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo pusong.<ref name=":64" /> Jaaka fa batho ba bašwa ba ba ne ba amogela thuto e e tshwanang mme ba simolola go dira mo setsong se le sengwe sa tsamaiso, go ne go sena pharologano e kgolo ya tiro fa gare ga tirelosetšhaba e e neng e eteletswe pele ke batswakwa le e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;88.</ref> Lephata la Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo le ne le le teng ka bokhutshwane morago ga go kgaogana mo Lephateng la Matlole magareng ga batlhokomedi ba setso ba ba neng ba amana le tshireletso kgatlhanong le baemanokeng ba ga Masire ba ba neng ba eletsa go bona tlhabololo e e bogale thata. Ya bofelo e ne ya tsaya taolo, mme ditona di ne tsa kopanngwa gape go nna Lephata la Matlole le Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo ka ngwaga wa 1970. Ka ntlha ya palo e e lekanyeditsweng ya batho ba ba tshwanelegang go laola itsholelo, lephata le le ne la tsaya taolo e feletseng ya tiriso ya madi a puso mme la simolola lenaneo la Shashe le le neng le batla gore naga e nne le tlhabololo e e tseneletseng ya palo yotlhe ya tlhagiso ya lefatshe ya Botswana. Se se ne se akaretsa go tlhoma lefelo la meepo ya kopore le nikele, le le neng la nna selo se se tlang pele mo pusong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;84–85.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1973, [[:en:Seepapitso_IV|Seepapitso wa bone]] o ne a nna kgosi ya ntlha go emisiwa mo maemong a gagwe morago ga nako ya bokoloniele.<ref name=":83">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;141.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la atlega thata gape ka [[:en:1974_Botswana_general_election|ditlhopo tsa ngwaga wa 1974]].<ref name=":79" /> [[:en:Minimum_wage|Dituelo tse di kwa tlase]] di ne tsa tlhagisiwa ka one ngwaga oo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Botswana e simolotse go ntsha madi a one, e leng [[:en:Botswana_pula|Botswana pula]], ka ngwaga wa 1976. Mmusi wa [[:en:Bank_of_Botswana|Banka ya Botswana]] Quill Hermans o ne a kgaratlhela go kgaogana ga madi le Aforika Borwa le [[:en:South_African_rand|ranta ya yone ya Aforika Borwa]]. Le fa go ne go na le matshwenyego a boditšhabatšhaba a gore Botswana e ka nna ya se ka ya kgona go tshegetsa madi a yone, Khama o ne a ikutlwa gore bagakolodi ba gagwe ba itsholelo ba na le bokgoni mme o ne a tshepa tshwetso ya bone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;206.</ref> Mo dingwageng di le lesome tsa boipuso, Botswana e ne e le nngwe ya ditšhaba tse di humileng thata mo [[:en:Third_World|Lefatsheng la Boraro]].<ref name=":67" /> Phetogo ya itsholelo e kaiwa jaaka "kgakgamatso" ya Botswana.<ref name=":77" /> Linchwe II, kgosi ya [[:en:Kgatla_people|batho ba Kgatla]], o ne a busetsa ngwao ya go simolola bogwera mo morafeng wa gagwe ka ngwaga wa 1975, mme se sa gakatsa puso ya bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;148.</ref> Khama o ne a tsaya tsela ya go akaretsa batho botlhe mo pusong ya gagwe, a tila dipolotiki tsa merafe le go gana tlhotlheletso ya baeteledipele ba merafe a rata badiredipuso.<ref name=":84">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;84.</ref> Ka dinako tse dingwe o ne a kopa batho go rola tiro fa morafe mongwe o ka nna le tlhotlheletso e ntsi mo tirelong ya setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;88.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba tshaba gore go sa dumalane le batho ba ba kwa tlase ba Kalanga go ka nna ga dira gore go se ka ga nna le kagiso. Go rarabolola se, Khama o ne a tsenya maloko a a rutegileng a morafe wa Kalanga mo pusong, a tlhoma bontsi mo maemong a a kwa godimo. Tshwetso e ne e tsosa kganetsano, mme e ne ya tsosa dikgopolo tsa bolotsana ka ga tlhotlheletso e e bosula ya Kalanga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;122.</ref> Tse ka dinako tse dingwe di ne di ikaegile ka Mokgatlho wa Baithuti ba Bakalanga, o o neng wa nna Mokgatlho wa Tsweletso ya Puo ya Ikalanga ka ngwaga wa 1980.<ref>[[Gulbrandsen 2012, p. 123.|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;123.</ref> Poifo ya dipuso tsa baagisani tse di eteletsweng pele ke basweu kwa Namibia, Rhodesia, le Aforika Borwa, mmogo le kotsi ya [[:en:Angolan_Civil_War|Ntwa ya Selegae ya Angola]], di dirile gore Botswana e tlhame [[:en:Botswana_Defence_Force|sesole sa bosetšhaba]] ka ngwaga wa 1977.<ref name=":78" /> Pele ga se, [[:en:Botswana_Police_Service|Tirelo ya Sepodisi]] sa Botswana e ne e tlhokometse tshireletso ya setshaba. Go tlhoka sesole go ne go raya gore Botswana e ne e sa tlhaselwe ke dilo tse di bakang go sa tlhomamang mo merafeng e mengwe ya Aforika: go menola puso ga sesole le bonweenwee ka go dirisa madi a sesole.<ref>[[Beaulier & Subrick 2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], pp.&#x20;111–112.</ref> Sesole se ne sa bona ntwa ngwaga o o latelang fa dirukutlhi tsa Rhodesia di ne di tlhasela Leshoma, di bolaya masole a le lesome le botlhano.<ref name=":78" /> Ka tirisanommogo ya yone le De Beers, puso ya Botswana e ne ya tlhama kompone ya meepo ya Debswana ka ngwaga wa 1978, mme ya bona lotseno lo lo bonalang lwa puso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> Meepo e ne ya nna madirelo a a kwa godimo ya itsholelo ya lefatshe mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang,<ref name=":85">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;77.</ref> mme Botswana ya nna itsholelo e e golang ka bonako go gaisa mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":86">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], p.&#x20;33.</ref><ref name=":86" /> Go nna le seabe ga mafatshe a sele mo itsholelong go ne ga nna kgang ya sepolotiki ka nako e jaaka fa batho ba kwa ntle ba ne ba kokoanya kgolo ya setšhaba fa ditiro tsa selegae di ne di tlhabologa ka iketlo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;143–145.</ref> Thuo ya dikgomo, e e neng e setse e amilwe ke go runya mo gogolo ga [[:en:Foot-and-mouth_disease|bolwetse jwa tlhako le molomo]] ka ngwaga wa1977,<ref name=":82" /> e ne ya latlhegelwa ke botlhokwa jo e neng e na le jone pele.<ref name=":85" /> === Botautona jwa ga Quett Masire === [[Setshwantsho:Quett Masire DF-SC-85-12044.JPEG|thumb|Quett Masire a etetse America ka ngwaga wa 1984]] Morago ga loso lwa ga Seretse Khama ka ngwaga wa 1980, Mothusa-Tautona Quett Masire o ne a nna tautona wa Botswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;117.</ref> Le fa go ne go na le matshwenyego ka go tlhatlhama ga ga Khama, Masire o ne a tshegetsa mafaratlhatlha a puso a a neng a thusa go a aga le go boloka tumelo mo pusong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;182.</ref> Go ritibatsa morafe wa ga Khama wa Ngwato le merafe e mengwe ya bokone, Masire o ne a tlhoma ntsalae Khama, [[:en:Lenyeletse_Seretse|Lenyeletse Seretse]], go nna mothusa-tautona.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;232.</ref> Kakanyo e e neng e tlwaelesegile mo gare ga BaNgwato e ne e le gore morwa Khama, [[:en:Ian_Khama|Ian Khama]], o ne a tshwanelwa ke bo tautona. Fa Lenyeletse a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1983, Masire o ne a tlhopha [[:en:Peter_Mmusi|Peter Mmusi]] go tsena mo boemong jwa gagwe. Gompieno o ne a tlhopha mongwe go tswa mo morafeng wa borwa, gore a se ka a tlhoma sekao sa gore tautona le mothusa-tautona ka nako tsotlhe ba tshwanetse go tswa mo dikgaolong tse di fapaaneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;233.</ref> Botswana e ne e le karolo ya Khonferense ya Kgokaganyo ya Tlhabololo ya Borwa jwa Aforika e e neng ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 1980 go tlhama mmaraka wa borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":78" /> Setšhaba se ne sa amiwa ke [[:en:Early_1980s_recession|kwelotlase ya itsholelo ya tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa bo 1980]].<ref name=":81" /> [[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng]] o simolotse go dira ka ngwaga wa 1982, wa nna moepo o o dirang dipoelo go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng. [[:en:University_of_Botswana|Mmadikolo wa Botswana]] o tlhomilwe ka one ngwaga o o neng o kgaogana le [[:en:University_of_Botswana,_Lesotho_and_Swaziland|Mmadikolo ya Botswana, Lesotho le Swaziland]].<ref name=":78" /> Ditlhabololo tsa semolao ka ngwaga wa 1982, Molawana wa Thuso ya Matlole le go dira gore tiro ya kgwebo gore e nne ya ka fa molaong ke badiredipuso, di ne tsa tlhotlheletsa itsholelo ya naga mme gape tsa gagamolola melawana e e neng e tla thibela bonweenwee.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;127, 129.</ref> Jaaka fa puso ya batho le batho le kgolo ya itsholelo di itshupile e le diphetogo tsa paka e telele, Botswana e ne ya itsege jaaka "kgakgamatso ya Aforika".<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLaRoccoMogende2022|LaRocco &#x26; Mogende 2022]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref> Kganetso e e nonofileng kgatlhanong le puso e e laolwang ke lekoko la BDP e ne ya tlhagelela la ntlha ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980. Makoko a kganetso a ne a simolola go fenya ditlhopho tsa selegae, ditlhopha tsa dikgatlhego tsa simolola go tlhamiwa, mme makwalo a dikgang a matlhano a magolo a a kgatlhanong le lekoko la BDP a simolola go gatisiwa.<ref name=":64" /> Pele e ne e ikaegile ka tshegetso ya merafe e e rileng, lekoko la BNF le ne la bona tshegetso mo setlhopheng sa badiri.<ref name=":84" /> Ka ditlhopho ka kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 1984, e ne e le lekoko kganetso le le gaisanang.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;712.</ref> Komelelo e e masisi e ne ya ama Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa1982 go fitlhela ka ngwaga wa 1987, mme ya tlhoka thuso ya dijo ya puso go ka nna karolo ya masome a marataro le botlhano mo lekgolong ya Batswana ba kwa magaeng.<ref name=":87">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;82.</ref> Batshwayadiphoso ba ga Masire ba ne ba mo amanya le komelelo e ka e ne e tsamaisana le tshimologo ya botautona jwa gagwe, ba akantsha gore Khama o ne a na le taelo ya bomodimo e Masire a neng a se na yone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;203.</ref> Mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980, madirelo a ditaemane a ne a fitlha kwa setlhoeng sa yone ka karolo ya masome a matlhano le boraro mo lekgolong ya paloyotlhe ya tlhagiso ya bosetšhaba.<ref name=":76" /> Ka nako e, itsholelo ya setšhaba e ne ya nonoha mo e leng gore baagi ba ne ba sa tlhole ba rotloediwa go tlhopha [[:en:Subsistence_agriculture|temothuo ya go]] [[:en:Subsistence_agriculture|itshidisa]] kgotsa go fuduga go ya go dira kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":84" /> [[:en:Entrepreneurship|Bogwebi]] bo ne jwa anama thata, bogolosegolo mo badiring ba pele ba puso ba ba neng ba tswa mo [[:en:Public_sector|lephateng la puso]] go ya kwa lephateng la [[:en:Private_sector|e]] [[:en:Private_sector|seng la puso]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;90.</ref> Thuto ya mahala ya [[:en:Secondary_education|sekole se segolwane]] ne ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 1989.<ref name=":87" /> [[:en:Trade_union|Mekgatlho ya badiri]] le [[:en:Special_interest_group|ditlhopha tse di kgethegileng tsa dikgatlhego]] tse dingwe di ne tsa tlhagelela ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980 go tlhotlheletsa melawana ya setšhaba, le fa gantsi puso e ne e sa batle go di amogela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], pp.&#x20;85–86.</ref> E tsibogetse mokgatlho o o neng o gola wa badiri ka go fetisa dithibelo tse di bokete mo mekgatlhong ya badiri ka ngwaga wa 1983.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;79.</ref> Dingwaga di le lesome gape o ne wa tlhagisa mekgatlho ya go amogela merafe e mennye, go gana boitshupo jwa bosetšhaba jwa Motswana.<ref name=":80" /> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980, Aforika Borwa e ne ya simolola ditlhaselo tsa sesole mo Botswana go batla batlhabani ba Aforika Borwa. Go tsibogela dikgobalo tsa baagitse di neng tsa direga, puso ya Botswana e ne ya oketsa tiriso ya madi mo sesoleng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;112.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> E ne gape ya fa sesole tiro ya go sireletsa diphologolo tsa naga le go tsenya mo tirisong molao o o kgatlhanong le go tsoma mo go seng ka fa molaong go tsibogela kotsi e e tlisiwang ke batsomi ba ba tshotseng dibetsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLaRoccoMogende2022|LaRocco &#x26; Mogende 2022]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> Palo ya ntlha ya [[:en:HIV/AIDS_in_Botswana|mogare wa segajaja]] mo Botswana e ne ya lemogiwa ka ngwaga wa 1985, mme mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang lefatshe ;e ne la nna lone le le neng la amega thata mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;265.</ref> [[:en:Life_expectancy|Botshelo jo bo solofetsweng]] mo Botswana bo ne bo tla wela tlase tswa go masomeng a maratarole bosupa go ya kwa masomeng a matlhano ka ngwaga wa 1997.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;175.</ref> Phetogo e e gakgamatsang mo tsamaisong ya botsogo ya Botswana e ne ya latela go ralala dingwaga tsa bo 1980 le bo 1990; Bongaka jwa Bophirima bo ne jwa tlotliwa thata mmogo le kalafi ya setso, mme go ne ga tlhongwa dikokelo tse e seng tsa puso go nna mmogo le dikago tse di tsamaisiwang ke puso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;45.</ref> [[:en:Early_1990s_recession|Kwelotlase ya itsholelo ya tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa bo 1990]] e ne ya ama Botswana.<ref name=":81" /> [[:en:Attorney_General_of_Botswana_v._Unity_Dow|Tsheko e e botlhokwa ya kgotlatshekelo ya molaomotheo]] e e neng ya tlisiwa ke Unity Dow e ne ya felela ka katlholo ka ngwaga wa 1991 ya gore bana ba ka fiwa boagedi mo go bomme ba bone ga mmogo le borraabone, e e neng ya amogelwa go nna molao ka Molao wa Boagi wa 1995.<ref name=":88">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xx.</ref> Setlhopa se se tlhopilweng go batlsisa kgota go sekaseka dikgang sa Kgabo se ne sa tshwarwa ka ngwaga wa 1991 go batlisisa lekgotla la kabo ditsha tsa lefatshe tsa puso, mme sa fitlhela gore go dirilwe ditlolomolao tsa maitsholo a a siameng ke mothusa-tautona Peter Mmusi le mokwaledi wa kakaretso wa lekoko la BDP [[:en:Daniel_Kwelagobe|Daniel Kwelagobe]], ba bobedi jwa bone gape e neng e le maloko a setlhopa sa ditona tsa puso ya Botswana.<ref name=":89">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLotshwaoSuping2013|Lotshwao &#x26; Suping 2013]], p.&#x20;346.</ref><ref name=":90">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], p.&#x20;333.</ref> Ka go lebana le go galefa mo pusong le mo setšhabeng, bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba rola tiro.<ref name=":90" /> Go wa mo go ne ga tlhola ditlhopha tse pedi tse di kgaoganeng mo teng ga lekoko, e nngwe e eteletswe pele ke maloko a mabedi a pele a setlhopa sa ditona (Ba babedi ba bagolo),<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], pp.&#x20;333–335.</ref> mme e nngwe e eteletswe pele ke baganetsi ba bona (ba batlhano ba bagolo): [[:en:Festus_Mogae|Festus Mogae]], Bihiti Temane, Chapson Butale, [[:en:Gaositwe_Chiepe|Gaositwe Chiepe]], le moeteledipele wa bona [[:en:Mompati_Merafhe|Mompati Merafhe]].<ref name=":91">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;235.</ref> Se se ne sa aga mo dikgotlhang tse di neng di godile fa gare ga boeteledipele jwa borwa jwa BLP le kokomana e ntšhwa ya boradipolotiki go tswa kwa bokone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], pp.&#x20;233–234.</ref> Masire o ne a tlhopha Mogae go nna mothusa- tautona yo mosha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], p.&#x20;334.</ref> Ka go tshwenyega ka kgonagalo ya go tlwaetsa bonweenwee, Masire o ne a thapa mothusa- mogolwane wa [[:en:Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(Hong_Kong)|setlhopa se se tlhopilweng go batlsisa kgota go sekaseka dikgang e e Ikemetseng ya Hong Kong e e Kgatlhanong le Bonweenwee (Hong Kong)]] go tlhama mokgatlho o o tshwanang mo Botswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;222.</ref> [[:en:Directorate_on_Corruption_and_Economic_Crime|Bokaedi jwa Bonweenwee le Bosenyi jwa]] [[:en:Directorate_on_Corruption_and_Economic_Crime|Itsholelo]] bo ne jwa tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 1994, mme lekgotla la kabo ditsha le ne la tlhamiwa go reetsa boikuelo jwa ditshwetso tsa kabo ditsha ka ngwaga wa 1995.<ref name=":88" /> Boemo jwa lekoko la BDP jaaka lekoko le le laolang bo ne jwa amogela kgwetlho ya jone ya ntlha e e masisi ka ntlha ya Setlhopa se se tlhopilweng go batlsisa kgota go sekaseka dikgang ya Kgabo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;249.</ref> Matlhabisaditlhong le go kgaogana mo go neng ga nna teng mo lekokong la BDP go ne ga dira gore lekoko la BNF le nne lekoko la kganetso le le gaisanang thata morago ga ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 1994.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], pp.&#x20;335–336.</ref><ref name=":89" /> Ka go mathata a a oketsegileng a go tsenngwa ga ditoropo go fokotsa motheo wa BDP kwa metseselegaeng, makoko a kganetso a ne a na le bonnye jo bo bonalang mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;33.</ref> Morago ga loso lwa ga Mmusi, Kwelagobe o ne a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Ponatshego_Kedikilwe|Ponatshego Kedikilwe]], mme ba bopa setlhopa se sennye sa Barata-Phathi sa lekoko la BDP. Ba batlhano ba bagolo ba ne ba nna setlhopa se sennye sa A-Team.<ref name=":89" /> Botswana e ne ya solegelwa molemo ke go khutla ga puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa 1994, ka puso e ntšhwa e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Aforika e ne e sa thibele kgolo ya Botswana kgotsa go tsenelela mo ditirong tsa sesole go kgabaganya molelwane.<ref name=":81" /> Fa kgaolo e ntse e tlhomama, ditlhabololo tsa itsholelo tse di tshwanang le mabentlele a magolo, kakanyo e e sa netefadiwang ya dithoto, le bojanala jwa baagi di ne tsa atologa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;675.</ref> Morafe wa Ngwaketse o ne wa nna le kgotlang le puso ka kgwedi ya Moranang ngwaga wa 1994, fa tona ya pusoselegae le mafatshe Patrick Balope a ne a latofatsa kgosi Seepapitso wa bone ka go palelwa ke go diragatsa ditiro tsa gagwe mme a laela gore kgosi e emisiwe—e leng go emisiwa ga bobedi ga puso ya ga Seepapitso.<ref name=":83" /> Morwa wa ga Seepapitso e bong Leema o ne a amogela go tlhomiwa go dira tiro eo, kgatlhanong le dikeletso tsa ga Seepapitso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;141–142.</ref> Morafe o ne wa lwantshana le kgang ya go nna semolao mo go sa tlhaloganyesegeng ga ga Leema le poifo ya gore setso sa morafe ga se kitla se tlhola se lemogiwa, mme go tlosiwa ga gagwe go ne ga nna kgang ya bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;142–143.</ref> Seepapitso o ne a tsenya kganetso ya semolao, mme kgotlatshekelo ya atlhola ka Tlhakole a tlhola malatsia le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 1995 gore le fa go tlosiwa ga ga Seepapitso go ne go le ka fa molaong, go tlhomiwa ga ga Leema go ne go se kafa molaong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;145.</ref> Ka maatla a go tlhoma a ne a buseditswe mo morafeng, ba ne ba gana go tlhopha moeteledipele yo mosha jaaka tsela ya go ikuela. Puso e ne ya ineela mme ya letlelela Seepapitso go busediwa mo tirong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;145–146.</ref> [[:en:Ritual_murder|Polao ya dipheko]] ya ga [[:en:Segametsi_Mogomotsi|Segametsi Mogomotsi]], mosetsana wa dingwaga di le lesome le bone wa kwa [[:en:Mochudi|Mochudi]], e diragetse ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 1994. Dikhuduego tsa loago di ne tsa tsoga fa babelaelwa bao, ba e neng e le borakgwebo le boradipolotiki ba ba humileng, ba ne ba gololwa ka ntlha ya go tlhoka bosupi. Mo dikgweding tse di latelang, go ne ga nna le ditshupetso le dikhuduego tse di neng di eteletswe pele ke baithuti kgatlhanong le tiriso ya ditiro tsa masaitsiweng tse di tshwanang le polao ya dipheko go bona khumo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;286–290.</ref> Go tlhagoga ga bolwetse jo bo [[:en:Contagious_bovine_pleuropneumonia|tshelanwang jwa pleuropneumonia ya dikgomo]] ka ngwaga wa 1995 go ne ga baka dintsho tsa dikgomo di le dikete tse makgolo a mararo le masome a mabedi .<ref name=":88" /> Molao wa Temothuo wa ngwaga ya 1995 o ne wa atolosa thulaganyo ya go dira lefatshe la baagi la le e seng la puso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;7.</ref> Merafe e mennye e ne ya tswelela go kgaratlhela go lemogiwa go simolola ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;163–164.</ref> Puso e simolotse go ntsha batho ba Basarwa mo [[:en:Central_Kalahari_Game_Reserve|Lefelong la Diphologolo la Kalahari]] [[:en:Central_Kalahari_Game_Reserve|la Bogare]] ka ngwaga wa 1995.<ref name=":88" /> Le fa e ne e nganga gore maikaelelo e ne e le go thusa go kopanya baagi ba ba neng ba le kgakala thata, mme e neelana ka leruo go rotloetsa tirisanommogo, mekgatlho ya boditšhabatšhaba e ne ya pega molato puso ka go pateletsa le go [[:en:Forced_displacement|fudusiwa ka dikgoka]] ga batho go dira sebaka sa meepo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;11–12.</ref> Maiteko a ntlha a magolo a semolao a go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa merafe e mennye a ne a tswa mo tshitshinyong ya ngwaga wa 1995 kwa palamenteng ya go tlhalosa molaomotheo jaaka o o sa tseyeng letlhakore mo merafeng, mme o ne wa bewa mo tafoleng. Mokgatlho wa Kamanakao o ne wa tlhamiwa ka one ngwaga oo ke morutegi [[:en:Lydia_Nyati-Ramahobo|Lydia Nyati-Ramahobo]] go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa [[:en:Yeyi_people|batho ba Yeyi]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;215.</ref> Motseletsele wa diphetogo tsa puso le tsa ditlhopho di ne tsa tsenngwa mo tirisong mo dingwageng tsa bofelo tsa bo tautona jwa ga Masire. Tlhokomelo ya ditlhopho e ne ya fetisediwa kwa setheong se se ikemetseng, dingwaga tsa go tlhopa di ne tsa fokodiwa go tswa ko masomeng a mabedi le bongwe go ya ko lesomeng le borobabobedi , go [[:en:Postal_voting|tlhopa ka poso]] go ne ga tsenngwa tirisong, mme ga tsenngwa tirisong melawana ya go sireletsa [[:en:Labour_rights|ditshwanelo tsa badiri]] le [[:en:Gender_equality|tekatekano ya bong]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;168.</ref> Masire o ne a eletsa go tlhama [[:en:Order_of_succession|tatelano e e tlhomameng ya]] [[:en:Order_of_succession|go tlhatlologana]] mo bogosing le go netefatsa gore motlhatlogi wa gagwe yo a mo tlhophileng mothusa Tautona Mogae e nna tautona, ka jalo o ne a dirisana le mmueledi Parks Tafa go kwala paakanyo ya molaotheo. Se se ne sa tsenya tirisong tatelano e e itirisang le [[:en:Term_limit|melelwane ya paka]] ya botautona.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], pp.&#x20;337–338.</ref> O ne a pateletsa paakanyo ka boene.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], pp.&#x20;304–305.</ref> Go fetola itsholelo ya lefatshe, go ne ga tsenngwa tirisong tsamaiso ya nakwana ya go nna le [[:en:Tripartism|makoko a mararo]] go kopanya puso, lekalana le e seng la puso, le baemedi ba badiri.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;169.</ref> Fa lekoko le ne le tlhopha maloko a komiti ya lone ya bogareng ka ngwaga wa 1997, kotsi ya go nna le ditlhopha e ne ya gola mo e leng gore Masire o ne a phimola ditlhopho tsa lone tse di mo teng ga mokgatlho mme a dira gore ditlhopha di mo fe manaane a maina.<ref name=":91" /> == Metswedi == s4i0vnk2goiw1qepsnt9sscoxj43tvc 52707 52700 2026-07-18T19:34:49Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52707 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditso tsa lefatshe la Botswana''' di akaretsa tsa bogologolo le tsa ngwao ya kgaolo, go diriwa kolone ya [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Bechuanaland Protectorate]], le go nna Republic of [[Botswana]] gompieno. Batho ba ntlha ba motlha wa gompieno go nna mo Botswana e ne e le Basarwa, temothuo e tlhabolotswe dingwaga di ka nna dikete pedi, le makgolo a mararo a a fetileng. Batho bantsho ba Bantu ba ntlha ba gorogile dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi morago ga loso lwa ga Keresete, fa [[Batswana]] ba ntlha ba gorogile dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi morago. Batswana ba ne ba kgaogana ka ditlhopha tsa merafe mo dingwageng tse di dikete tse di latelang fa diphudugo mo kgaolong di tswelela, tse di neng tsa baka [[:en:Difaqane|Difaqane]] mo lekgolong la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi. Go amana le ma Yuropa ga ntlha go diragetse ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi lesome le borataro, mo go bakileng go diriwa Bakeresete ga batho ba kgaolo. Magosi a Batswana a a neng a na le thotloetso e kgolo a ne a ikopela go nna mo tlhokomelong ya lefatshe la [[United Kingdom]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano ka ba ne ba itemogela matshosetsi go tswa kwa [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|German South West Africa]] le mo Maburung. Batho ba Britain ba ne ba kgaoganya kgaolo go nna merafe e kgosi nngwe le nngwe e tlaa e etelelang pele, ba a fa dikgosi maatla a a fetang a ba neng ba na le one pele, mme ba ne ba nna le taolo e e lekanetseng fela mo lefatsheng. Puso ya Britain e ne ya nna le seabe se setlhagafetseng ka dinwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la ema nokeng go tsaya karolo ga Britain mo ntweng ya bobedi ya mafatshe, bontsi ba ne ba lwa e le bontlha jwa sesole sa [[Aferika|Aforika]] sa Auxiliary Pioneer Corps. Go lwela go laola go nnile teng ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a matlhano fa gare ga Kgosi ya [[Bangwato]] [[Seretse Khama]] le motlhatlhami wa gagwe [[Tshekedi Khama]]. Go nyala mosadi wa lekgoa ebong [[Ruth Williams Khama]] ga ga Seretse, go ne ga baka gore batho ba Britain ba mo thibele go nna mo [[Botswana]]. O ne a boa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a matlhano le borataro, ka a ne a na le kemo nokeng e kgolo, merafe e ne inaakanya le puso e e tlhophilweng fa letsholo la boipuso le tlhamiwa. Molao wa lefatshe o tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le motso, ga tlhamiwa diphathi tsa polotiki. Seretse o ne a nna moeteledipele wa [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|Bechuanaland Democratic Party]], e e neng e bueletswe ke puso ya Britain go busa morago ga boipuso, e ne ya nna le kemo nokeng e e tsitsibanyang mmele mo ditlhophong tsa ntlha tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le botlhano. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la neelwa boipuso jo bo tletseng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro. Ka maikaelelo a a nonofileng, Seretse le phathi ya gagwe ba ne ba tlhama puso ya batho ka batho ya bophirima ba simolola go tlhabolola dikago mo lefatsheng le e neng e le lengwe la a a neng a humanegile thata ka nako eo. Go ne ga lemogiwa fa go na le diteemane ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabongwe, mo go neng ga bopa sesha itsholelo ya Botswana. Kompone ya meepo ya [[Debswana]] e tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi, lefatshe la Botswana la nna la itsholelo e e golang ka bofefo thata go gaisa a mangwe mo Botswana. Phathi ya sepolotiki ya Botswana Democratic e ne ya tswelela e le yone phathi e e busang go tswa ka nako ya boipuso go fitlhelela phathi ya [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] e fenya ditlhopho tsa [[:en:2024_Botswana_general_election|ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone.]] == Ditso tsa pele ga bokolone == === Ditso tsa pele === [[Setshwantsho:Tsodilo Hills rock paintings4.jpg|thumb|metako ya magaga kwa Tsodilo mo ditsong tsa pele]] Lefatshe la Botswana la gompieno e ne e le sekgwa fela dingwaga di le didikadike tse di lesome tse di fitileng, dinoka di ne di le ditona go fetisa gompieno, di tshela kwa [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|letsheng la Makgadikgadi]].<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou, Thomas]]; [[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Campbell, Alec C]]. (1997) [1984]. ''[[History of Botswana]]'' (2nd&nbsp;ed.). Macmillan Botswana. ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/9991278087|&nbsp;<bdi>9991278087</bdi>.]]</ref> Batho ba sebopego sa ntlha sa Homo erectus ba ne ba nna mo kgaolong eo ka motlha wa lejwe.<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997,]] p.&nbsp;14.</ref> Didirisiwa tsa lejwe mo Botswana wa gompieno, di tshwana le dilepe, di tswa go o lowe, dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi tse di fitileng.<ref name=":4">Denbow, James R.; Thebe, Phenyo C. (2006). [[iarchive:culturecustomsof0000denb|''Culture and Customs of Botswana''.]] Greenwood Press. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33178-7|<bdi>978-0-313-33178-7</bdi>.]] [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/62118271 62118271.]</ref><ref name=":0">Klehm, Carla (28 June 2021). "Archaeology of Botswana". ''Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History''. doi:[https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/61663/chapter/553401196 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.792]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-027773-4|<bdi>978-0-19-027773-4</bdi>.]]</ref> Phudugo go ya sekakeng sa Kalahari go akanyediwa fa e diragetse pele ga legato la borataro dingwaga di le dikete di le lekgolo, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro tse di fitileng.<ref name=":0" /> Letsha la Makgadikgadi le simolotse go fokotsega dingwaga di le dikete di le masome matlhano tse di fitileng.<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997, p.&nbsp;17.]]</ref> Bagolagolwane ba merafe e e sa amaneng ka gope ba ba bidiwang Basarwa fa ba kgobokantswe, ba ne ba nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le masome mane go tsena masome a mararo tse di fitileng. Ba ka tswa e le bone batho ba ntlha go nna mo motlheng wa lejwe.<ref>[[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&nbsp;18, 23.</ref> Ba ne ba itlhoma go bapa le dinoka ka dipaka tsa komelelo, mme ba phatlalale le kgaolo ka nako ya dipula.<ref>[[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&nbsp;24.</ref>Go ne go itsewe fa ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a dikaganyeditseng [[letsha la Makgadikgadi]], ga mmogo le [[Tsodilo]] le GI.<ref name=":1">[[iarchive:culturecustomsof0000denb|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&nbsp;xv.</ref> Batho ba bangwe jaaka ba [[Nata]], Shua le Xani, go dumelwa fa ba gorogile morago ga Basarwa.<ref name=":2">Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997, p.&nbsp;23.</ref>[[:en:Rock_art|Botaki jwa matlapa]] bo simolotse dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a mararo tse di fetileng,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;58.</ref> Meepo ya specularite le hematite e simolotse ka nako e go tlhama dipente.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;48.</ref> Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a leruri a ne a amana le batho ba ntlha dingwaga di le 20,000 tse di fetileng.<ref name=":1" /> Thuto e e tseneletseng ya Aforika e e kwa borwa mo [[:en:Stone_Age|Motlheng wa Matlapa]] e ntse e lekanyeditswe.<ref name=":0" /> Batho ba ba farologaneng ba kgaolo e ne e le [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|batsomi-baphuthi]] ba ba neng ba sala ka ditlhopha tse dinnye mme ba dira kgwebo le ba bangwe.<ref name=":2" /> Go dumelwa gore setlhopha sengwe le sengwe e ne e le kokoanyo ya malapa a a sikanang a a neng a tshwere tshimo e e rileng, a eteletswe pele ke monna yo mogolo wa lelapa la tlhogo ya setlhopha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;25.</ref>Banna ba ne ba tsoma diphologolo tse dikgolo, fa basadi ba ne ba phutha dimela le go tshwara diphologolo tse dinnye.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref> Ditlhopha di ne di nyalana mme di dirisa thulaganyo ya magadi, xaro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;26.</ref> Mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse tse di fetileng, batho ba kgaolo eo ba ne ba tla ka dikgomo le dinku mo Botswana wa gompieno mme ba simolola go dira dinkgwana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;35.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;8.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;28.</ref>Temothuo e ne ya tlhabologa ka nako e mme batho ba ne ba simolola go nna mo metseng, e e neng ya tlhatloga le go wela tlase fa seemo sa loapi le ditlhaselo tsa dikgomo di ne di dira gore phitlhelelo ya leruo e fetofetoge.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;29–30.</ref>Gareng ga dijalo tsa ntlha e ne e le [[:en:Pearl_millet|mmidi wa perela]], [[:en:Finger_millet|mmidi wa menwana]], [[:en:Sorghum|mabele]], [[:en:Bambara_groundnut|matonkomane a Bambara]], [[:en:Cowpea|dinawa tsa kgomo]], le dimela tsa lelapa la [[:en:Cucurbitaceae|cucurbits]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref> Batho ba ntlha ba Bantu ba ne ba [[:en:Bantu_expansion|fudugela kwa kgaolong]] e dingwaga di le dikete tse pedi le dingwaga dile selete le makgolo a matlhano tse di fetileng, mme go kile ga dumelwa gore ke bone ba ba neng ba tlisa leruo la ntlha mo lefelong leno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;22–24, 28.</ref> [[:en:Kalanga_people|Batho ba Kalanga]] ke bone ba ntlha mo [[:en:Bantu_people|merafeng ya Bantu]] go nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, ba goroga c. 200 C.E.<ref name=":3">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Bagologolwane ba morafe wa ntlha wa [[:en:Tswana_people|Batswana]] (bongwe ''Motswana'', bontsi ''Batswana'') go fopholediwa fa ba gorogile c. 400 C.E.<ref name=":3" /> Batho ba ba Bantu ba ne ba tlisa didirisiwa tsa tshipi le tsa kopore mo kgaolong mme ba nna mo ditseleng tsa metsi tsa leruri.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;9.</ref> Ba ne ba aga mafelo a bonno a leruri a matlo a ka nna lesome go fitlhela lesome le botlhano a [[:en:Pole-and-daga|dipale le mmu]] nngwe le nngwe, go na le dikago tsa nakwana tsa Khoisan e e neng e tsamayatsamaya thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;44–45.</ref> BaKhoisan le Bantu ba ka tswa ba ne ba gweba le go nyalana mo pakeng e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;36.</ref> === Lekgolo la bosupa la dingwaga go fitlhela ka lekgolo la lesome le bone la dingwaga === Setlhopha sa batho ba Zhizo, batho ba Taukome, ba ne ba goroga mo Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa bosupa mme ba nna fa gare ga [[:en:Shashe_River|Noka ya Shashe]] le [[:en:Serorome_River|Noka ya Serorome]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;54–55.</ref><ref name=":5">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;10.</ref> Go nna le [[:en:Glass_bead|dipheta tsa galase]] go supa kgolagano ya pele le [[:en:Indian_Ocean_trade|kgwebo ya Lewatle la India]].<ref name=":5" /> Palo ya leruo le le ruiwang mo Botswana wa gompieno e ne ya oketsega thata fa gare ga ngwagakgolo wa borobabobedi le ngwagakgolo wa lesome.<ref name=":4" /> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba ithulaganya go nna mofuta wa puso ya morafe, e e bidiwang ''morafe'' (bontsi merafe), mongwe le mongwe o eteletswe pele ke kgosi e e bidiwang ''[[:en:Kgosi|kgosi]]'' (bontsi dikgosi).<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;28.</ref> Tsamaiso e e ne ya tlhagisa puso e e nang le maemo a a kwa godimo fa e bapisiwa le tse dingwe mo kgaolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;40.</ref> Dikgomo di ne tsa nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya setšhaba mo kgaolong, mme go nna mong wa dikgomo go ne go supa maemo a motho.<ref name=":6">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;11.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;46.</ref> Ditso tsa bogologolo tsa batho ba Tswana e sa ntse e sa itsiwe thata ka gonne go setse bosupi jo bonnye jwa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo.<ref name=":3" /> Ditsela tsa kgwebo di ne di golaganya merafe go ralala [[:en:Kalahari_Desert|Sekaka sa Kalahari]] ka makgolo ale borobabongwe morago ga ga Keresete,<ref name=":1" /> mme go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa ditsela go ralala kgaolo yotlhe mo lekgolong le le latelang la dingwaga, mme tsa fitlha kwa setlhoeng kwa Lewatleng la India.<ref name=":6" /><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Bangwe ba batho ba Eiland ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa ya gompieno go tsena mo Botswana wa gompieno mo bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;64.</ref> Batho ba Toutswe, ba bangwe ba morafe wa Zhizo, ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe mme ba nna setlhopha se se nonofileng go gaisa mo kgaolong, ba bona khumo ya bona ka go nna le dikgomo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;13.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;56.</ref> Go ne ga agiwa metse e meraro ya Ba-Toutswe kwa [[:en:Bosutswe|Bosutswe]], Sung, le [[:en:Toutswemogala|Toutswemogala]], mongwe le mongwe wa bone o ne o busa metse e mennye e e neng e e dikologile.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;57.</ref> Ka ngwagakgolo wa bo 12, Ba-Toutswe ba ne ba anametse kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;60.</ref> Boleng jwa ditlhagiswa bo ne jwa fetogafetoga fa kgwebisano e ntse e atolosiwa le ditšhaba di sele mme go ribololwa ga gauta go ne ga diragala, go fokotsa kgatlhego mo ditlhagisweng tsa sebilo le tsa diphologolo jaaka lonaka lwa tlou.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;27–28.</ref> Morafe mongwe kwa Tsodilo o ne o na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo kgwebong ya sebilo go fitlha e wa kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le bobedi la dingwaga.<ref name=":7">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Merafe e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana e ne e le kgakala le ditiragalo tse mme e ne ya sala e sa amege thata.<ref name=":8">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;28.</ref> Baagisani ba Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe le wa lesome le bobedi e ne e le batho ba [[:en:Leopard's_Kopje|Leopard's Kopje]] kwa botlhaba.<ref name=":9">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], pp.&#x20;12–13.</ref> <ref name=":10">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;61.</ref>Ba tlhomilwe la ntlha kwa [[:en:Bambandyanalo|Bambandyanalo]], ba ne ba nna batho ba bagolo mo kgwebong ya kgaolo mme ba fudugela kwa Mapungubwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe kwa ba neng ba bopa [[:en:Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe|Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;67–68.</ref> Ba ne ba bonela pele tlhotlheletso go ralala kgaolo fa gare ga ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bobedi.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> Batho ba Okavango Delta le batho ba Tsodilo mme morago ba ne ba patelesega go tlogela mafelo a bone a bodulo mo nakong e, se se ka tswang se bakilwe ke gore ba ne ba kgaotswe mo ditseleng tse dikgolo tsa kgwebo. Ke batho ba Khoe fela ba ba neng ba nna mo lefelong leo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou & Campbell 1997]], pp. 46, 81.</ref>Mapungubwe e ne ya wa ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro,<ref name=":11">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;14.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;69.</ref> mme metse ya Toutswe, e e neng e kgaotswe mo kgwebong, e ne ya wa mo nako e le nngwe.<ref name=":10" />Batho ba Mambo ba ne ba nna go dikologa [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]] ya gompieno mme ba nna le tlhotlheletso mo tikologong ya nako e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;80.</ref> Batho ba segompieno ba Tswana, [[:en:Khalagari_people|Khalagari]], le [[:en:Sotho_people|Sotho]] ba simolotse go bopega kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal mo e ka nnang ka lekgolo la lesome le bobedi la dingwaga.<ref name=":12">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Ba-Khalagari ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima kwa lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana.<ref name=":13">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;96.</ref> Batho ba Fokeng le bone ba ne ba tlhagelela kwa bophirima ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bobedi,<ref name=":14">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;93.</ref> mme batho ba Moloko ba ne ba tlhagelela ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro.<ref name=":12" /> Morafe wa tshimologo wa BaTswana, losika lwa bogosi lwa Phofu, o tlhodilwe kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro ke Mogale. Mo makgolong a dingwaga a a latelang, e ne ya kgaogana go nna merafe e le mmalwa ya Batswana, go akaretsa le merafe ya Bahurutshe, [[:en:Kwena_people|Kwena]], [[:en:Ngwaketse_people|Ngwaketse]], [[:en:Ngwato_people|Ngwato]], Tlharo, le batho ba ba [[:en:Ngwato_people|Kgatla]].<ref name=":13" /> [[:en:Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe|Bogosi jwa Zimbabwe]] bo ne jwa tlhagelela mme jwa ema mo boemong jwa Mapungubwe e le maatla a kgaolo ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro fa batho ba Gumanye ba ne ba nna le tlhotlheletso mo toropong ya [[:en:Great_Zimbabwe|Great Zimbabwe]], e e neng ya kgona go laola kgwebisano gaufi thata ka lefatshe la yone le le botlhokwa le ditsompelo tsa yone le go nna gaufi le lebopo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;77–78.</ref> Zimbabwe e ne e laola merafe e mentsi e e neng e le teng mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang bokonebotlhaba jwa Botswana,<ref name=":15">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xvi.</ref> mme kgwebisano ya gauta e ne ya nna selo se se neng se tlhotlheletsa itsholelo ya kgaolo eo.<ref name=":11" /> Zimbabwe e ne e latlhegelwa ke tlhotlheletso kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le bone la dingwaga, mme e ne ya wela mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Dinaga tse dingwe di le mmalwa di ne tsa tlhagelela morago ga go wa ga yone. [[:en:Kingdom_of_Butua|Bogosi jwa Butua]], jo bo neng jwa bopiwa ke [[:en:Kalanga_people|merafe ya Kalanga]], bo ne jwa tsaya maemo a Zimbabwe mo molelwaneng wa gompieno wa Botswana–Zimbabwe.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":15" /><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;98–100.</ref> Batho ba Tswana le [[:en:Pedi_people|Bapedi]] ba ne ba latela batho ba Khalagari kwa bophirima mo e ka nnang kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le bone<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> mme [[:en:Rolong_people|batho ba Rolong]] ba ne ba kgaogana ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Morolong.<ref name=":13" /> Kgosi Masilo go bolelwa fa a ne a busa merafe yotlhe ya bophirima jwa Tswana ka nako e, go fitlhela batho ba Tlharo ba kgaogana le puso ya gagwe. Morago ga moo go bolelwa fa lefelo le le ne le busiwa ke Malope kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref name=":14" /> === Lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga go fitlha ka lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga === [[Setshwantsho:Campbell - Thlapingkaptein en sy vrou.png|thumb|Setshwantsho sa monna wa Motswana le mosadi wa gagwe mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1800]] Batho ba baTswana ba ne ba fuduga fa gare ga Botswana wa gompieno ka ba ne ba fudusiwa ke batho ba naga le batho ba mmuso wa ga mmamosadinyana go tswa kwa borwa,<ref name=":16">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;19.</ref> mme ba ne ba le teng go ralala Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwaga sekete le makgolo a le marataro.<ref name=":17">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;703.</ref> Morafe wa ntlha wa BaTswana, losika lwa ga Phofu, lo ne lwa wela tlase kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;104.</ref> Diphudugo tse dikgolo tsa batho ba Kalanga le Sotho–Tswana di diragetse mo lekgolong la lesome le botlhano le la lesome le borataro la dingwaga.<ref name=":11" /> Batho ba ba Kalanga ba ne ba laola lefatshe le le fa gare ga [[:en:Motloutse_River|Noka ya Motloutse]] le [[:en:Makgadikgadi_Pan|Letsha la Makgadikgadi]] go fitlhela ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabobedi.<ref name=":7" /> Batho ba Hurutshe, Kgatla, le Kwena ba ne ba kgaogana le losika lwa segosi lwa ga Phofu kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal mo gare ga komelelo le dintwa tsa boswa, mme kgabagare ba fudugela kwa bokone go ya kwa Botswana wa gompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;10.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;97.</ref> Batho ba Ngwaketse le ba Ngwato ba ne ba kgaogana le Bakwena ka ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo a matlhano le boraro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;105.</ref> Batho bangwe ba kgaolo ba ne ba nna mo Motlheng wa Bofelo wa Leje go fitlha mo e ka nnang mo lekgolong la lesome le borataro la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;22.</ref> Batho ba Botswana wa gompieno ba simolodistse ditsela tse di telle tsa motsamao ko bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le bosupa, e tsamaelwa dikilometara tse makgolo go rekisa,go tsoma le go itsalanya le batho.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;108–109.</ref>Merafe e ne e kgona go kgaogana motlhofo abo e ipopa ka bongwe go tswa mo go ba bangwe ka gore dithoto tse dipotlana , le leruo tsa lefelo ne di kgona go tsmaisiwa motlhofo.<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":16" />Merafe ya botlhabatsatsi e ne e tshabellwa ke go kgaogana ka ntlha ya seele se se tona gareng ga toropo le ditshimo.<ref name=":18">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;392.</ref>Kgaogano gareng ga ditlhopa tsa baTswana e nnile mo gareng ga ngwagakgolong ya lesome le bosupa, e tlhalosa merafe ya segompieno.<ref name=":19">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;106.</ref>Merafe ya baTswana ba botlhabatsatsi e ne e nna e le maikaelelo a dintwa tsa [[:en:Griqua_people|batho ba Griqua]].<ref name=":18" /> Fa batho ba baTswana ba tswa bokone go ya Botswana wa borwa-bophirima wa segompieno ka ngwagakgolo ya lesome le bosupa , ba ne ba nna mo metseng e e neng e nna batho ba Kgalagari, ba ba tshwaetsa kgotsa ba ba ntsha. Batho ba ba Kwena le merafe ya bone ya lekala ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana wa segompieno ka fa tlase ga taolo ya [[:en:Kgabo_II|Kgabo wa bobedi]] ba bo ba nna gaufi le motse wa [[:en:Molepolole|Molepolole]].<ref name=":19" />Go ya ka setso sa molomo, bapatole ba e leng batho ba Herero le Mbanderu ba ne ba kgaogana go tswa mo bathung ba Mbunda ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bosupa fa ntwa tsa leruo la batswana le ne le phatlalatsa ditlhopa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref> le batho ba Bayeyi ba ne ba fudugela kwa Okavango Delta go ya kwa nokeng ya Chobe ka ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;8.</ref>Mo mafelong a mangwe, batho ba Kaa ba ne ba kgaogana go tswa mo bathong ba Rolong le batho ba Khurutse ba kgaogana le batho ba Bahurutshe, fa ditlhopa tsotlhe di fudugela kwa bokone.<ref name=":20">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;107.</ref>Batho ba Bashaga ba ne ba kopana le batho ba Kgalagari ko bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;110.</ref> State sa ntlha sa Tswana se tlhamilwe ke batho ba Ngwaketse bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi. Si state tse dingwe tsa Tswana di ne tsa tlhamiwa ka go latelana ke batho ba ba Kwena, batho ba Ngwato le batho ba ba Tawana mo dingwageng tse lesome tse nne di latela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;113.</ref> Ka se go ne ga tla ditlhabololo tsa ''mophato (''bontsi ''mephato),'' mephato ya sesole e e rulagantsweng k a dingwaga tsa setlhopa, gareng ga batho ba Tswana ba bophirima mo dingwageng tsa sekete le makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano''.''<ref name=":21">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;386.</ref>Batho ba le babedi ba Kgatla , batho ba Kgafela le batho ba ba Tlokwa, ba tsene mo nakong e ba bo ba tsaa taolo mo tikologong ya [[:en:Pilanesberg|Pilanesberg]] mo Aforika Borewng wa segompieno. Ba ne ba laola ka thata bontsi jwa batho mo lefelong leo mme ebile ba fentse dintwa tse pedi le batho ba Fokeng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], pp.&#x20;390–391.</ref>Tiriso ya mephato e ne ya phatlatsega kwa bathong ba Tswana ba kwa botlhaba kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo.<ref name=":21" />E ne e sa amogelwa go phutologilwe mo borwa === Difaqane === [[:en:Difaqane|Difaqane]], nako ya dintwa le phuduso mo borwa jwa Aforika , e diragetse kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi le tshimologo ya ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;17.</ref> Mo nakong ye, batho ba baTswana ba ne ba le mo '''kgonegong''' ya dintwa ke ditlhopa di le dintsi ,di akaretsa [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|Ndebele]], ba [[:en:Kololo_people|Kololo]], ba [[:en:Ngoni_people|Ngoni]],<ref name=":8" /> ba Pedi, le ba [[:en:Voortrekker|Voortrekkers]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;391.</ref>Bontsi jwa ditlhopa tsa ba Tswana di itlhopetse go boela morago ko ntlheng ga go lwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;394.</ref>Sese ne sa trigger phudugo e e extensive e e ralalang lefelo, go baka gore morafe wa ba Tswana o phatlalale thata abo o simolodisa bolengteng jo bo nonofileng gareng ga territory ya Botswana wa segompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;25.</ref>Ba ne ba nna thata mo [[:en:Hardveld|nageng e e thata]] e e dirang kgaolo ya botlhaba jwa Botswana wa gompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Batho ba Kwena le ba Ngwaketse ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa motseng wa [[:en:South_African_Republic|Transvaal]] go ya kwa ''lefelong la motlhaba''.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;18.</ref> Batho ba ntlha wa Kgatla go nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, batho ba Mmanaana, o ne wa fuduga go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le borobabongwe pele ga o nna kwa [[:en:Moshupa|Moshupa]] le [[:en:Thamaga|Thamaga]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMatemba2003|Matemba 2003]], p.&#x20;53, 56.</ref> Ke fela bangwe ba merafe ya Tswana ya bokonebophirima ba ba neng ba bolokwa mo go fudugeng kgotsa mo go kgorelediweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;393.</ref> Batho ba Kololo ba ne ba tlhasela merafe ya Tswana ya bokonebophirima ka ngwaga wa 1826, ba pateletsa BaKwena le BaNgwaketse go tswa mo dikgaolong tsa bona ka go farologana. Sebogo, molaodi wa morafe wa Ngwaketse, o ne a tsosa banna ba le dikete dile nne mo ''mephatong'' ya bone mme ba dikaganyetsa Dithubaruba kwa Bakololo ba neng ba nna teng. Ba bolaya batlhabani le baagi, ba kobela ruri Bakololo mo kgaolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], pp.&#x20;393–394.</ref> Merafe e ne ya tlhoma dinaga tsa yone gape ka dingwaga tsa bo 1840, ya tlhoma ditoropo le metsana e le mmalwa ya bogolo jo bo farologaneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;31.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;693.</ref><ref name=":22">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;114.</ref> Puso e ne e ikaegile ka ''[[:en:Kgotla|kgotla]]'', kopano ya dipuisano e mo go yone kgosi kgotsa moeteledipele wa kgaolo a neng a utlwa matshwenyego a bontsi jwa baagi ba banna pele a tsaya ditshwetso.<ref name=":34">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;695.</ref><ref name=":23">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;77.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1880, batho ba Tswana le ba Khalagari ba ne ba dirile Botswana yotlhe ya gompieno dikolone.<ref name=":20" /> === Barongwa ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe === Barongwa ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe ba ne ba goroga lantlha mo Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwaga wa 1816 ka [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]]. Setlhopha se le tse dingwe tsa barongwa di ne tsa dira go fetolela dikgosi mo Bokereseteng le go aga dikolo tsa barongwa.<ref name=":24">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;38.</ref> Morongwa [[:en:Robert_Moffat_(missionary)|Robert Moffat]] o ne a baya motse wa gagwe wa borongwa mo molelwaneng wa Botswana wa gompieno jaaka sekgoreletsi kgatlhanong le Maburu gore ba se ka ba kgona go ya kwa teng.<ref name=":8" /> Moffat o gatisitse mokwalo wa ntlha wa puo ya Setswana o o nang le mokwalo o o tshwanang fa a ne a simolola go ranola dikwalo tsa Sekeresete le go kwala thanodi ya Setswana. Tesetamente e Kgologolo le e Ntšhwa ka bobedi di ne di kgona go balwa ka Setswana ka ngwaga wa 1857.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;57, 65.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgopolo di le mmalwa tsa itsholelo tse di neng di le sewelo mo borwa jwa Aforika, go akaretsa sekoloto, dikonteraka tsa tirelo, le thulaganyo ya ''mafisa'' ya bahumi ba adima bahumanegi dikgomo go ba ananya ka tiro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;701.</ref> Gape ba ne ba na le kgopolo ya dithoto tse di fhapegileng ka bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe , mme banna ba ba nyetsweng le basadi ba ba nyetsweng ba ne ba na le tshwanelo ya ditshwanelo tsa lefatshe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;698.</ref> Banna ba ne ba disa dikgomo fa basadi ba ne ba lema dijalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;31–32.</ref> Mabele e ne e le sejalo se se neng se lengwa thata mo kgaolong eo mo lekgolong la lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. Naga e ne e le teng thata, fela komelelo e ne e raya gore temothuo e ne e sa tlhomama.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;34.</ref> Bagwebi ba lefatshe la Britain ba gorogile ka dingwaga tsa bo 1830 mme ba dira ditirisano le dikgosi.<ref name=":24" /> Go tla ga baagi ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe ba ba neng ba nna gaufi le foo go ne ga dira gore merafe ya Batswana e kgone go ikamanya le itsholelo ya lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Kgosi [[:en:Sechele_I|Sechele]] [[:en:Sechele_I|wa ntlha]] wa batho ba Bakwena o ne a dirisa ditsela tse dišwa tsa kgwebo, a netefatsa taolo ya kgwebo ya lefatshe la Britain ya morafe wa gagwe.<ref name=":22" /> Morongwa wa kwa Scotland e bong [[:en:David_Livingstone|David Livingstone]] o ne a goroga mo Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1845, kwa a neng a tlhoma lekgotla la [[:en:Kolobeng_Mission|Kolobeng Mission]]. Se e ne e le tshimologo ya go nna le seabe mo go bokete ga karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe mo merafeng ya Batswana fa ba ne ba tlhoma ditsela tsa kgwebisano tsa dikontinente tse di farologaneng.<ref name=":15" /> Moaparo wa Bophirima o ne wa amogelwa kwa ditoropong go ralala ngwagakgolo otlhe mme o kopanngwa le diaparo tsa setso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;120–121.</ref> Mo maitekong a mangwe a go kgoreletsa Maburu, Livingstone o ne a fa batho ba Kwena ditlhobolo. Sechele e ne e le motho wa ntlha yo Livingstone a neng a mo sokololela mo Bokereseteng, mme morago ga moo kgosi e ne ya ithaopela go sokolola banna ba gagwe ba tlhogo a dirisa disefe tsa letlalo la tshukudu.<ref name=":25">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Bogosi jwa Butua jwa batho ba Kalanga bo ne jwa wa ka ngwaga wa 1840.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;100.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba lebana le kgotlhang go tswa mo ditlhopheng tse dingwe mo kgaolong, mme ya goroga kwa setlhoeng ka dingwaga tsa bo 1850. Batswana ba le bantsi, bogolosegolo merafe ya Kwena le Ngwato, ba ne ba lwa kgatlhanong le merafe ya Maaforikanere le ya MaZulu kwa botlhaba jwa Sekaka sa Kalahari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;195.</ref> Ba-Kwena le Ba-Mmanaana ba ne ba lwantsha Maburu go tswa kwa Transvaal ka ngwaga wa 1852, ba sireletsa kgaolo ya bone mme ba fedisa go atologa ga setšhaba go ya kwa bophirima.<ref name=":26">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;396.</ref> Batswana ba ne ba bona ditlhopha tsa barongwa e le tsela ya go tshabela mo batlhaseding, ba rotloetsa go sokologela mo Bokereseteng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;196.</ref> Sechele o ne a kopa tshireletso ya lefatshe la Britain ka 1853 go fedisa dintwa tsa kgaolo, mme o ne a ganwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;107.</ref> Baeng ba Europa ba ne ba tlwaelesegile thata mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga fa batsomi, batlhotlhomisi, le bagwebi ba ne ba batla dipoelo le go bona dilo tse di kgatlhang mo kgaolong eo.<ref name=":25" /> Ba le bantsi ba ne ba kwala [[:en:Travel_book|dibuka tsa maeto]] ka ga lefelo leo, tse e neng e le dingwe tsa dikgatiso fela tse e seng tsa thuto ka ga Botswana wa gompieno ka nako eo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;65–66.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1860, go fuduga go tswa mo kgaolong go ne ga oketsega fa banna ba Batswana ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya go bereka kwa meepong ya Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;96.</ref> Go ribololwa ga Masimo a [[:en:Tati_Goldfields|Gauta a Tati]] go ne ga tsosa go batla gauta ga ntlha ga karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe kwa Borwa jwa Aforika ka ngwaga wa 1868.<ref name=":24" /> Kampa ya pele ya meepo e e neng ya tlhongwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1870 e ne ya atologa thata fa e ne e nna lefelo le legolo la terena fa gare ga [[:en:Cape_Province|kgaolo ya Cape]] le [[:en:Bulawayo|Bulawayo]], mme ya nna toropokgolo ya ntlha ya Botswana, e leng [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;15, 29.</ref> Mo nakong e mo hisitoring ya Botswana, dikgosi tse dikgolo tsotlhe e ne e le Bakeresete.[92] Ntwa magareng ga Bakwena le BaKgafela ka ngwaga wa 1875.<ref name=":26" />Kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga di le lesome, kgosi [[:en:Khama_III|Khama wa boraro]] wa batho ba Ngwato o ne a gapa taolo ya kgwebisano ya Borithane mo bathong ba Kwena.<ref name=":22" /> == Tshireletso ya lefatshe la Bechuanaland == ''Setlhogo se segolo: [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]]'' Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le tshaba tlhotlheletso e e oketsegang ya lefatshe la Germany mo kgaolong, mme e ne ya dumela go bopa [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]].<ref name=":27">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom & Bolt 2018]], p. 40.</ref><ref name=":28">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;23.</ref> Makgowa a Britain a ne a eletsa go somarela tlhotlheletso ya yone mo merafeng ya Batswana, ka a ne a neelana ka kgolagano magareng ga borwa le bogare jwa Aforika.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Dikgosi tsa Tswana di ne di tshaba go tsenelelwa ke [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|Jeremane ya Aforika Borwa Bophirima]] le [[:en:Afrikaners|Maaforikaner]],<ref name=":29">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;161.</ref> mme di ne di dumela gore tsela e nngwe ya taolo ya Borithane e ne e le bokoloniale jwa baagi ke Jeremane.<ref name=":30">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;694.</ref> Ba ne ba eletsa gape go tila go wela ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Aforika Borwa kgotsa moeteledipele wa meepo [[:en:Cecil_Rhodes|Cecil Rhodes]], le fa tshireletso e santse e iphitlhela e ikaegile ka Aforika Borwa mo itsholelong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;197.</ref> Kgaolo e ne e kgaogantswe go nna lefatshe la merafe le le busiwang ke dikgosi le [[:en:Crown_land|lefatshe la segosi]] le le laolwang ke United Kingdom.<ref name=":29" /> Merafe e borobarobedi e ne ya amogelwa ke Maesemane fa go ne go tlhodiwa protectorate. Tse nne tse dikgolo di ne tsa fiwa dipolokelo tsa merafe: Bakwena, BaNgwaketse, BaNgwato le BaTawana. Gape go ne ga lemogiwa tse tharo tse dinnye: tsa Kgatla, tsa [[:en:Tlokwa_people|Tlokwa]] le tsa ga [[:en:Malete_people|Malete]]. Ba borobedi, ba Tshidi, ba ne ba fiwa lefelo la polokelo le le kgabaganyang molelwane magareng ga naga e e sireleditsweng le Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;30n1.</ref> Fa maloko a merafe e mennye e e seng ya Batswana a ne a letleletswe go tsaya karolo mo setšhabeng le pusong ya Batswana, ba ne ba sa fiwa dipolokelo tsa merafe tsa bona.<ref name=":17" /> Go tsenngwa ga dipolokelo tsa merafe go ne ga fetola mofuta wa puso ya Motswana, ka merafe e ne e sa tlhalosiwe thata mo nakong e e fetileng mme e ne e ka atolosiwa kgotsa ya sutisiwa. Ka dikgaolo di kgaogantswe ka dipuso tsa merafe, baagi ba ne ba sa tlhole ba kgona go tswa mo morafeng motlhofo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;46–47.</ref><ref name=":31">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;24.</ref> Tshireletso kwa tshimologong e ne ya atologela kwa Ngwato, e fitlha go tswa go didikirii di le masome a mabedi le bobedi kwa borwa go ya kwa [[:en:Molopo_River|Nokeng ya Molopo]], mme e ne ya atolosiwa go ya kwa didikiriing di le lesome le borobabobedi kwa borwa go fitlhela kwa Nokeng ya Chobe ka ngwaga wa 1890.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":32">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;30.</ref>Se se ne sa tlamela Maborithane ka badiri ba bantsi ka fa tlase ga taolo ya yona mme sa bopa sekgoreletsi se segolo sa go lekanyetsa bokoloniale jwa Jeremane.<ref name=":32" /> Batho ba bangwe ba Tswana ba ne ba nna kwa borwa jwa tshireletso mme moragonyana ba ne ba tsenngwa mo Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":28" /> Batho ba ga Kgafela ba ne ba nna kwa [[:en:Mochudi|Mochudi]] ka ngwaga wa 1887. Setlhopha se sa Kgatla se ne sa nna le tlhotlheletso ka bonako mo kgaolong mme leina la sone la nna seka-Kgatla.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMatemba2003|Matemba 2003]], p.&#x20;53.</ref>Masole a Borithane a a neng a eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Charles_Warren|Charles Warren]] a ne a goroga ka ngwaga wa 1891 go tlhoma tshireletso semmuso.<ref name=":29" /> Puso ya yone e ne ya tlhalosiwa, mme ga tlhomiwa mookamedi go nna tlhogo ya yone. Mookamedi o ne a fiwa dithata tse di anameng mo tshireletsong, fa fela a ne a tlotla molao wa morafe o o neng o tlhomilwe pele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;45.</ref> Motsemogolo wa yone e ne e le toropo ya Aforika Borwa ya Vryburg, go supa gore babusi ba bokoloniale ba ne ba sa nne mo tshireletsong mme ba ne ba sa amege ka tlhamalalo mo mererong ya yona.<ref name=":33">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;41.</ref>Go na le moo, mookamedi yo mogolo o ne a dira ka bathusa-baokamedi ba babedi, mme mookamedi wa kgaolo o ne a tlhofofatsa go ikgolaganya le merafe e e farologaneng.<ref name=":35">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;229.</ref> Go tsenngwa ga puso ya Borithane mo Aforikaborwa go ne go raya gore Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland e ne e ikaegile ka yona mo itsholelong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;162.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne e dumela gore Bechuanaland Protectorate ke setheo sa nakwana fela mme e ne e solofetse gore e tla tloga e tsewa ke kolone ya Borithane.<ref name=":37">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;115.</ref> Fa go ntse jalo, e ne e dumela gore tshireletso e e kgonang go itshedisa e tla ja madi a mannye go e tlhokomela.<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":41">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;108.</ref> Ka ntlha ya mabaka a, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya gapeletsa taolo e nnye fela e e tlhamaletseng ya Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland.<ref name=":23" /> Dikgosi di ne di akola dikgang tse mme tsa kgona go ithatafatsa le go ikhumisa; ba ne ba boloka boipuso jo bo anameng, fela tshegetso ya bokoloniale e ne e raya gore ba ne ba sa tlhole ba tlhoka tumelelo ya merafe go tshegetsa puso.<ref name=":36">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;41–42.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;66–67.</ref>[ Puso ya merafe e ne ya nna ya seemanosi, se se neng sa baka go gataka ditshwanelo tsa batho le go tlhaola basadi le merafe e mennye.<ref name=":38">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], pp.&#x20;161–162.</ref> === Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa tshireletso === {{Multiple image|total_width=300|image1=Chief-khama-III.jpg|image2=Sebele I by Fritsch 1865.jpg|image3=Bathoen I in london1895.jpg|footer=Khama III, Sebele I le Bathoen I, ba ba neng ba kgona go tlhotlheletsa puso ya Borithane gore e se ka ya tsenya Bechuanaland Protectorate mo taolong ya Khamphani ya British South Africa.|direction=Horizontal}} Batho ba lefatshe la Britain ba ne a rulagantse gore kwa bofelong ba akaretse Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland mo Kopanong ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":31" /> Mo dingwageng morago ga go tlhamiwa ga tshireletso, United Kingdom e ne ya tsena mo dipuisanong le Cecil Rhodes go e tsenya mo [[:en:British_South_Africa_Company|komponeng ya Aforika Borwa ya Borithane]].<ref name=":27" /> Fa ba araba, dikgosi tse tharo tse di nang le tlhotlheletso thata—Khama wa boraro wa Ba-Ngwato, Sebele Iwa ntlha wa Ba-Kwena, le Bathoen wa ntlha wa Ba-Ngwaketse—ba ne ba tsaya loeto lwa bodipolomate go ya kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka ngwaga wa1895 mme ba dira gore puso e se ka ya wetsa tumalano eo.<ref name=":33" /><ref name=":39">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xvii.</ref>Se se ne sa tlhoma sekao sa dikgosi tse di dirisanang le makgoa a lefatshe la Briritsh jaaka setlhopha se se kopaneng<ref name=":40">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;704.</ref> mme sa kwala batho ba bararo ba jaaka batho ba ntlha mo ditsong tsa Botswana jaaka setšhaba se le sengwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Tsela e Rhodes a neng a tshwara [[:en:Jameson_Raid|Jameson Raid]] ka yone e e neng ya palelwa e ne ya kgoba makgowa a lefatshe la British marapo mme dipuisano tsa busediwa morago go ya go ile.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;30–31.</ref> Go ketekwa ga dikgosi tse go ne ga felela ka go gatisiwa ga Dikgosi tse Tharo tse dikgolo tsa Aforika: ''Khamé'', ''Sebéle'' le ''Bathoeng'' ke Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa lefatshe la London ka one ngwaga oo. Mokwalo o o [[:en:Founding_myth|tlhagisitse tlhamane]] e e simolotseng ya gore merafe ya bone e meraro ka go farologana e tlhodilwe ke bakaulengwe ba bararo.<ref name=":42">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;670.</ref> Gape ka ngwaga wa 1895, motsemogolo o ne wa fudusiwa go tswa kwa Vryburg go ya kwa toropong e nngwe ya Aforika Borwa, [[:en:Mafeking|Mafeking]],<ref name=":33" />mme kompone ya Marope a Bogologolo e ne ya kwadisiwa go epa marope a pele ga ditso kwa Bechuanaland le Rhodesia go batla gauta.<ref name=":32" /> Tshireletso e ne ya amiwa thata ke go runya ga bolwane mo diphologolong ya Aforika ya dingwaga tsa bo 1890, ya latlhegelwa ke dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa leruo la yona le diphologolo tsa naga.<ref name=":39" /> [[:en:1890s_African_rinderpest_epizootic|Seporo sa tshireletso se agilwe ka]] [[:en:1890s_African_rinderpest_epizootic|ngwaga wa 1897]] jaaka mola o mogolo wa phetiso ya bokone–borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;226.</ref> Fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le tsosa [[:en:Pioneer_Column|setlhopa sa Babulatsela]] go ya ntweng le batho ba Ndebele, [[:en:Khama_III|Khama wa boraro]] wa Ngwato o ne a thusa ka go romela masole.<ref name=":43">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;32.</ref> Botswana e ne ya nna lefelo la [[:en:Jameson_Raid|tlhaselo ya ga Jameson]] ka 1896.<ref name=":39" /> Morafe wa Kgatla moragonyana o ne wa nna karolo ya [[:en:Boer_War|Ntwa ya Maburu]], o lwa mmogo le Sesole sa Borithane.<ref name=":43" /> Itsholelo ya pele ya bokoloniale ya Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland e ne ya nna e tshwana thata le itsholelo ya pele ga bokoloniale.<ref /> United Kingdom e ne e dirisa thata naga ya tshireletso jaaka tlamelo ya badiri, e fa Batswana ba ba neng ba fudugela kwa borwa go ya go bereka mo meepong dituelo tse di kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;42.</ref> Makgetho le one a ne a tsenngwa, go simolola ka [[:en:Hut_tax|lekgetho la ntlwana]] ka ngwaga wa 1899, le le neng la emisediwa ka [[:en:Poll_tax|lekgetho la ditlhopho]] ka ngwaga wa 1909.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Lekgetho la selegae le ne la tsenngwa moragonyana ka ngwaga wa 1919.<ref name=":44">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;31.</ref>Makgetho a bokoloniale kwa Tshireletsong ya Bechuanaland a ne a le kwa godimo go feta a dikoloni tse di mabapi, mme se sa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba fudugele kwa borwa, mme dikgosi di ne tsa letlelela go abelana maatla ka bopelotshweu le baagi go ba rotloetsa go nna.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;43–44.</ref> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la akanyetsa go kopanya tshireletso mo Aforika Borwa jaaka e ne e [[:en:South_Africa_Act_1909|kopanya dikoloni tsa yona tsa borwa jwa Aforika]], fela kwa bofelong e ne ya di kopanya ka itsholelo ka go tlhama Kopano ya Melelwane ya Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":39" /> ya kopana ka ngwaga wa 1910.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;137.</ref> Boloko bo ne bo dira gore tshireletso e nne le karolo tse pedi mo lekgolong fela ya lotseno lwa bokopano.<ref name=":44" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1910, merafe yotlhe ya Batswana e ne e amogetse Bokeresete.<ref name=":24" />Bechuanaland e ne ya romela masole a le makgolo a le mmalwa go thusa Sesole sa Borithane ka nako ya [[:en:World_War_I|Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya ntlha]].<ref name=":43" /> Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London o ne wa iphitlhela o wela tlase ka nako eo, mme ka iketlo o ne wa latlhegelwa ke tlhotlheletso mo pusong e e neng e sireleditswe.<ref name=":42" /> [[:en:Sebele_II|Sebele wa bobedi]] o ne a nna kgosi ya Kwena ka ngwaga wa 1918, a tlhatlhama rraagwe, [[:en:Sechele_II|Sechele]] [[:en:Sechele_II|wa bobedi]]. Sechele II o ne a thulana le Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London o o neng o laola, a letlelela go nna teng ga Anglican le go busetsa mekgwa e mentsi ya setso e e jaaka go nyala basadi ba le bantsi, go dira pula le ''[[:en:Bogwera|bogwera]]''. Sebele II o ne a tswelela ka kgwetlho ya ga rraagwe kwa Mokgatlhong wa Barongwa wa London, go ngongorega ga puso ya Borithane.<ref /> Puso e e gabedi ya dikgosi le tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya dira gore tsamaiso e nne thata, ka jalo tsamaiso e ne ya tlhama makgotla a mabedi a bagakolodi go lekalekanya balaodi bao.<ref name=":44" /> Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Batswana (moragonyana Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Aforika) le ne la tlhongwa ka ngwagawa 1919.<ref name=":35" />Kopano e ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya dikgosi le batho ba bangwe ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso mo tshireletsong e ne ya letla puso ya Borithane go utlwa le go laola merafe mmogo go na le ka bongwe.[<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;47–49.</ref>] Khama wa boraro wa Ngwato o ne a gana go tsaya karolo, a supa bokoa jwa tiragatso ya thibelo ya bojalwa mo morafeng wa borwa. Khama wa boraro o ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1923<ref name=":45">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;230.</ref> mme a tlhatlhangwa ke [[:en:Sekgoma_II|Sekgoma]] [[:en:Sekgoma_II|wa bobedi]], yo o neng a direla go fitlha a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1926.<ref name=":45" /> Morwa wa ga Sekgoma e bong [[:en:Seretse_Khama|Seretse Khama]] o ne a sa ntse a le lesea, ka jalo [[:en:Tshekedi_Khama|Tshekedi Khama]] o ne a nna mmusi.<ref name=":46">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Tshekedi o ne a lemogwa jaaka moemedi wa merafe yotlhe ya Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;25.</ref> Fa Seretse a ntse a gola, Tshekedi o ne a gatelela gore a fiwe [[:en:Liberal_education|thuto e e gololesegileng]] go na le gore a romelwe kwa sekolong sa madirelo sa Rhodesia.<ref>Samatar 1999, p.&#x20;179.</ref> === Tlhabololo le tlhotlheletso e e oketsegileng ya Borithane === Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1920, kgosi Isang Pilane wa batho ba Kgatla o ne a okametse sekema sa ntlha se segolo sa tlhabololo ya metsi sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland , a dira gore go epiwe metswedi ya metsi e le lesomethataro, mme di le supa tsa tsone di ne tsa nna ditlamelo tsa metsi tse di atlegileng. Tse e ne tsa tlwaelega thata mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang fa puso ya Borithane e ne e kgatlhegela go atolosa itsholelo ya tshireletso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;70.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1930, Isang Pilane le Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Batswana ba ne ba dira gore dikhuti di nne tse di hapegileng, ka gonne di ne di sa tlhokomelwe ka fa tlase ga bong jo bo kopanetsweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], pp.&#x20;699–700.</ref> Komelelo e e masisi e ne ya nna teng mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1930, ya bolaya go feta karolo ya masome a marataro mo lekgolong ya dikgomo tsa tshireletso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;69.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne ya tsaya karolo e e matlhagatlhaga mo pusong ya tshireletso go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1930.<ref name=":47">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;58.</ref><ref name=":41" />Mo ngwageng oo, e ne ya simolola go tlamela ka matlole ka tlhamalalo go tshireletso.<ref name=":48">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;63.</ref> Charles Rey o ne a tlhomiwa go nna molaodi wa Moagi wa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland, mme o ne a na le maikarabelo a go rulaganya itsholelo sešwa go dikologa dikgomo tsa go romelwa kwa ntle.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;55–56.</ref> Maiteko a go fetola tshireletso go ya kwa tlhabololong ya meepo le temothuo ya kgwebo a ne a lekwa mme a bona a kgarametswa morago go tswa mo dikgosing.<ref name=":37" /> Molaodi wa Moagi Rey o ne a thulana le kgosi Sebele wa bobedi, mme a dira gore a lelekwe ka 1931. Sebele II o ne a emisediwa ka morwarraagwe yo mmotlana, Kgari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;79.</ref> Dikgato tse dingwe di ne tsa lekwa ke puso ya Borithane ka 1934 go thibela maatla a a sa laolweng a dikgosi morago ga go menolwa ga ga Sebele II. Dikgato tseno di ne tsa laela makgotla a bagakolodi a dikgosi di neng di tshwanetse go buisana le one mme di ne di batla gore puso ya Borithane e newe phitlhelelo ya direkoto tsa kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;69–70.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;49.</ref> Kgosi [[:en:Bathoen_II|Bathoen wa bobedi]] wa Ngwaketse le moemedi Tshekedi Khama wa Ngwato ba ne ba ntsha kgwetlho ya semolao mo maitekong a. Le fa kgotlatshekelo ya Borithane e ne ya atlhola kgatlhanong le kgwetlho, dipholisi tse dišwa ga di ise di ko di tsenngwe tirisong ka botlalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;72–73.</ref><ref name=":49">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;50.</ref> Dithibelo tse dingwe di ne tsa amogelwa ka kgoeletso ya bokoloniale go lekanyetsa bokgoni jwa dikgosi go lefisa makgetho le go gapa dikgomo tse di timetseng.<ref name=":39" /> Molaodi yo mošwa wa baagi, [[:en:Charles_Arden-Clarke|Charles Arden-Clarke]], o ne a tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 1936 mme a dira gaufi le dikgosi.<ref name=":49" /> === Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II === Dipoifo tsa tlhaselo ya Jeremane kwa Bechuanaland di ne tsa gola pele ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi ka ntlha ya boemo jwa yone jwa togamaano fa gare ga dikoloni tsa Boritane tse di fa gare le tse di kwa borwa mo Aforika. Malatsi a le lesome le bongwe pele ga ntwa e itsisiwe, puso ya Borithane e ne ya tlhagisa naga e e sireleditsweng gore e nne e le mo seemong se se siameng, mme masole a sesole a ne a rulaganngwa. Malatsi a le manè morago ga gore Borithane e bolele ntwa kgatlhanong le lefatshe la Germany, Molaodi wa Moagi Arden-Clarke o ne a tshwara kopano le dikgosi kwa ba neng ba solofetsa go tshegetsa maiteko a ntwa ka botlalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;32–33.</ref> Letsatsi le le latelang, khomišene e kgolo e ne ya ntsha kgoeletso ya [[:en:Emergency_powers|dithata tsa tshoganyetso]] tse di neng tsa e fa taolo e e feletseng mo tirong ya setšhaba mo tshireletsong, fela dikgosi di ne tsa itsisiwe gore di tla nna le maikarabelo a bontsi jwa tiragatso le go boloka kagiso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;33–34.</ref> Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi di ne di batlile go se go nne le tshusumetso epe mo bathong ba Bechuanaland, mme bontsi bo ne bo na le kakanyo e e sa tlhamalalang fela ya gore ntwa e ne e le teng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;34.</ref> Tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya ngotlega fa palo e kgolo ya baagi ba basweu ba ne ba ikwadisa mo Sesoleng sa Boritane. Ba ba neng ba setse ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo mo thulaganyong ya tshireletsego fa go ka direga gore borwa jwa Aforika bo nne letlhakore le lengwe mo ntweng.<ref name=":50">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;35.</ref> Kgatlhanong le dikeletso tsa dikgosi, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya rotloetsa Batswana ba ba neng ba eletsa go direla le Sesole sa Borithane go ikwadisa le Sesole sa Batswana sa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;38.</ref> Banna ba Batswana ba ka nna makgolo a supa ba ne ba ikwadisa le setlhopha seno.<ref name=":51">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;50.</ref> Go tlhokomela Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland go ne ga nna selo se se kwa tlase mo lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka nako ya Kwelotlase e Kgolo ya itsholelo le Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi,<ref name=":41" /> mme tshireletso ga e a ka ya amogela matlole ape go tswa kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka nako ya ntwa.<ref name=":48" /> Mmusomogolo wa Borithane o ne o na le taolo e nnye mo Bechuanaland fa o bapisiwa le dikgaolo tsa one tse dingwe, mme maiteko a Borithane a go laola tlhagiso ya nako ya ntwa mo tshireletsong a ne a sa atlege.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;124.</ref> Ntwa e ne ya fetola thata itsholelo ya tshireletso fa e ntse e tswelela, ya tlhagisa tlhaelo, go aba dijo, le ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;123.</ref> [[:en:Profiteering|Go dira dipoelo]] le go [[:en:Price_gouging|fokotsa ditlhwatlhwa]] go ne go tlwaelesegile, mme puso ya bokoloniale, e e neng e sa kgone go gagamatsa [[:en:Price_control|ditaolo tsa ditlhwatlhwa]], e ne ya dirisa [[:en:Gentlemen's_agreement|ditumalano tsa banna]] le bagwebi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;138.</ref> Makgetho a ne a tlhatlosiwa mme mananeo a Letlole la Tlhabololo ya Bokoloniale di ne tsa fokodiwa kwa tshimologong ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi go tlhoma boipuso jwa matlole go tswa mo mmusomogolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;125–126.</ref> Kgoeletso ya Taolo ya Madirelo a Leruo ya ntlha ya ngwaga wa 1940 e ne ya fetisiwa go duedisa dikgomo lekgetho, madirelo a a magolo a tshireletso, mme fela e ne ya kopana le kganetso e e boitshegang go tswa kwa Batswaneng le Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la kaorolokgolong ya lefatsa ya Europe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;136.</ref> Letlole la ntwa le ne le dira kwa Bechuanaland, mme le fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le solohetse gore meneelo e nne ya boithaopo, dikgosi di ne tsa dirisa taolo ya tsone mo merafeng ya tsone go pateletsa meneelo. E ne ya emisediwa ka lekgetho ka ngwaga wa1941, fela se se ne se sa ratwe thata mme sa itshupa se le thata go se diragatsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;128–131.</ref> === Botsayakarolo jwa Batswana mo Ntweng ya Lefatshe II === [[Setshwantsho:Bechuanaland Boys cleaning Aa Guns in the Twilight after Action, Syracuse, Sicily Art.IWMARTLD4576.jpg|thumb|Basimane ba Bechuanaland ba phepafatsa Ditlhobolo tsa Aa mo Lefifing morago ga Tiragalo, Syracuse, Sicily, tiro ya botaki ya 1944 e e dirilweng ke [[:en:Leslie_Cole_(artist)|Leslie Cole]]]] Go thapiwa ga sesole go simolotse kwa Bechuanaland ka ngwaga wa 1941.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;34–35.</ref> Banna ba ka nna dikete tse tlhano le makgolo a matlhano ba ne ba katisiwa mme ba romelwa kwa ntweng mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse thataro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Banna ba bangwe ba Batswana ba le dikete tse tlhano ba ne ba tsenelela ntwa ka ngwaga wa 1942.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;46.</ref> Ka kakaretso, masole a ka nna dikete tse lesome le bongwe go tswa kwa Bechuanaland a ne a lwa mmogo le Sesole sa Borithane ka nako ya ntwa.<ref name=":50" /> Ba feta dikete tse lesome ba bone ba ne ba direla mo Sesoleng sa Boritane sa [[:en:African_Auxiliary_Pioneer_Corps|Babulatsela ba ba Thusang ba Aforika]].<ref name=":51" /> Dikgosi ka tlwaelo di ne di na le tshwanelo ya go [[:en:Conscript|kwadisa]] masole, mme di ne di itlhokomolosa dikeletso tsa puso ya bokoloniale tsa gore tirelo ya sesole e nne ya boithaopo gotlhelele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;44–46.</ref> Moemedi Tshekedi Khama wa Ngwato o ne a dira gore a se ka a ratwa ke batho ka go dirisa go tsenngwa mo sesoleng jaaka sedirisiwa sa taolo, a go dirisa sebetsa go didimatsa batshwayadiphoso le baganetsi ba sepolotiki.<ref name=":52">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Banna ba ba neng ba eletsa go tila go tsenela bosole ka dinako tse dingwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Aforika Borwa kgotsa kwa mafelong a a kgakala jaaka metlhaba ya [[:en:Okavango_Delta|noka e phatlallang ya Okavango]] le [[:en:Kgalagadi_Transfrontier_Park|sekgwa sa Kgalagadi]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;47.</ref> Ba bangwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgato tsa go itlhokomela ka bonako, jaaka go epa dikhutsi fa bathapi ba ne ba etela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;55.</ref> Dikgosi di ne di eletsa go dirisa go tsaya karolo ga tsone mo ntweng go bona ditshwanelo tse dingwe mo teng ga Mmusomogolo wa Borithane, mme di ne di tshaba gore go fenngwa ga Borithane go tla ba dira babusiwa ba Jeremane kgotsa Aforika Borwa, e leng phelelo e ba neng ba eletsa go e tila.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;39–40.</ref> Maiteko a ntwa gape e ne e le tshono ya go busetsa banna ba Batswana ba ba neng ba fudugetse kwa Aforika Borwa go ya go dira ditiro tsa meepo; dikgosi di ne di eletsa go fedisa mokgwa o mme di ne di ikutlwa di ka dira jalo ka go neelana ka ditiro tsa sesole.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;41–43.</ref> Dituelo dingwe tsa sesole di ne tsa diegisiwa go malapa a masole, mme ditekanyetso tsa thomelo kwa ntle di ne tsa tlosiwa ka nako ya ntwa, mme tsa baka go tsena ga madi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;133.</ref> Fa go bapisiwa le ditšhaba tse dingwe tse di mo Mmusong wa Boritane, batho ba Bechuanaland ba ne ba amogela ntwa eo. Batswana ba le bantsi ba ne ba na le maikutlo a boikanyegi mo mmusomogolong kgotsa ba ikutlwa gore dikgatlhego tsa bone di a tsamaisana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;36–37.</ref> Dikgosi dingwe, jaaka [[:en:Kgari_Sechele_II|Kgari Sechele]] [[:en:Kgari_Sechele_II|wa bobedi]] wa kwa ga Kwena le Molefi Pilane wa ga Kgatla, ba ne ba ikwadisa ka sebele. Ba ne ba dira jaaka disajene tse dikgolo tsa masole, e leng maemo a a kwa godimo a a neng a le teng mo Batswaneng.<ref name=":52" /> Go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya letlelela Batswana go nna le diteseletso tsa kgwebo le go dira mo teng ga naga e e sireleditsweng. Se pele se ne se lekanyeditswe batho basweu le makula.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;135.</ref> Setlhopha sa Dikgaolo tsa Dikhomišene tse di Kwa Godimo se ne se le kwa Botlhabagare go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1946 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1949.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> === Mokgatlho wa boipuso === [[Setshwantsho:1960 6d Bechuanaland Protectorate stamp.jpg|thumb|Setempe sa ngwaga wa 1960 sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland se se nang le ditshwantsho tsa ga [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Kgosigadi Victoria]] le [[:en:Elizabeth_II|Elizabeth wa bobedi]], dikgosi tsa ntlha le tsa bofelo tsa Borithane tsa tshireletso .]] Bokhutlo jwa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi bo ne jwa tla ka phetogo e kgolo mo setšhabeng. Dikgosi di ne tsa bonwa di se botlhokwa thata mo sebopegong sa loago, mme bontsi bo ne jwa tlogela dipolelo tsa bone tsa lefatshe lotlhe mo dikgomong tsa merafe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;51.</ref> Didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa setšhaba, jaaka lefatshe le badiri, di ne tsa dirwa tse di hapegileng le go dirwa dithoto.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;52.</ref> Phitlhelelo ya thuto e ne ya tlhola setlhopha sa batlhalefi ba ba [[:en:Liberalism|gololesegileng]] ba ba neng ba le kgatlhanong le puso ya dikgosi mme ba simolola go ipopela mafelo a bone a maatla mo mekgatlhong ya badiri le ditlhopha tsa baagi.<ref name=":63">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;165.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1946, ke karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong fela ya paoyotlhe ya baagi e e neng e na le tiro kwa ntle ga temothuo le ditirelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;57.</ref> Tshireletso e ne ya bona koketsego e kgolo ya dikelo tsa matsalo jaaka karolo ya bogare jwa [[:en:Mid-20th_century_baby_boom|ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi wa go tlhatloga ga masea]] mo dingwageng tsa morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, e e neng e tsamaya le koketsego ya [[:en:Life_expectancy|dingwaga tsa botshelo]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;12–13.</ref> Tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e simolotse lenaneo la yone la ntlha ya tlhabololo mo tshireletsong, e leng lefelo la matlhabelo, ka dingwaga tsa bo ka ngwaga wa 1950.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;81.</ref> Maborithane, a santse a solofetse go kopanya tshireletso go nna Aforika Borwa, kwa bofelong a ne a phimola leano le morago ga tshimologo ya [[:en:Apartheid|Tlhaolele]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref>Fa maiteko a simolola go tlhama tsela e ntšhwa ya isago ya tshireletso, tshireletso e ne ya bewa mo seemong sa go tlhoka maitseo, mme ga go na tsela ya go ya pele e e neng e bonala sentle.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], pp.&#x20;672–673.</ref> Tshitshinyo nngwe e ne e le go e tsenya mo [[:en:Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland|Mokgatlhong wa Rhodesia le Nyasaland]], o lefatshe la United Kingdom e o tlhamileng ka fa tlase ga pholisi ya "tirisanommogo ya merafe e mentsi".<ref>Parsons 2006, p.&#x20;673.</ref> Fa mojaboswa wa Ngwato Seretse Khama a gola, mmusi Tshekedi Khama o ne a leka go tshwarelela mo pusong.<ref name=":53">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;696.</ref> Seretse o ne a nyala mosadi wa mosweu, [[:en:Ruth_Williams_Khama|Ruth Williams]], fa a ne a ithuta kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom, mme se sa baka matlhabisa ditlhong mo lelapeng la segosi la ga Ngwato.<ref name=":46" /> Le fa kwa tshimologong setšhaba se ne se le kgatlhanong le lenyalo le, go sa ratweng ga ga Tshekedi go ne ga fetola maikutlo a Seretse.<ref name=":47" /> Kgang e ne ya tlhagisiwa mo kgotleng ka ngwaga wa 1949, mme puso ya ga Tshekedi e ne ya ganwa ka bontsi ke diketekete tsa batho ba ba neng ba le teng.<ref name=":53" /><ref name=":47" /> Tshekedi le batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Kwena kwa botshabelo.<ref name=":54">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Puso ya makgowa e ne e sa itshokele lenyalo la ga Seretse le mosadi yo mosweu. Ka maiteko a go ritibatsa puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa, e ne ya leleka banyalani ba mo pusong ya tshireletso ka ngwaga wa 1950. Se se ne sa tsosa mokgatlho wa bosetšhaba o o neng o gola mo gare ga baemanokeng ba ga Seretse mo pusong ya tshireletso, o o neng wa tlhagelela ka botlalo ka ngwaga wa 1952.<ref name=":37" /> Ka nako ya fa Seretse a ne a seyo, lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la baya molaodi wa kgaolo dingwaga di le nne pele ga e tlhoma Rasebolai Kgamane, motshegetsi wa ga Tshekedi, go nna moemedi.<ref name=":54" /> Morafe wa Ngwato o ne wa tsuologela go lelekwa ga ga Seretse.<ref name=":55">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;53.</ref> Batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba kopa gore a bowe, mme go ne ga tsoga dikhuduego fa ba ne ba ganwa. Seretse o ne a feleletsa a letleletswe go boa ka ngwaga wa1956.<ref name=":56">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;90.</ref> Ka nako e, kgaogano e e gagametseng ya merafe mo Aforika Borwa ya Tlhaolele e ne ya thibela lefatshe la United Kingdom go e ritibatsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;200.</ref> Mo nakong yotlhe ya mathata a go lelekwa ga ga Seretse, maatla a ne a tlogela bogosi mme a ya kwa mekgatlhong ya ditlhopho.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;91.</ref> Tshekedi le Seretse ba ne ba dira kagiso fa Seretse a boa, mme Seretse a nna moeteledipele wa ''nnete'' wa Ngwato, le fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le mo thibetse go nna kgosi ya semmuso.<ref name=":56" /> Ka thotloetso ya Borithane, morafe wa Ngwato o ne wa tlhama lekgotla la morafe, le Seretse le Tshekedi ka bobedi e neng e le maloko a lone.<ref name=":55" /> Merafe e mengwe e ne ya tlhoma makgotla a merafe a a tshwanang, a a neng a dira jaaka ditšheke tsa maatla a dikgosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;26.</ref> Go ne ga sala letlhoo lengwe fa gare ga banna ba babedi ba: Tshekedi o ne a eletsa go boloka puso ya morafe le maatla a dikgosi, fa Seretse ene a ne a akanya ka puso ya batho ka batho ya boemedi le dikgosi tse di bokoa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;91–92.</ref> Selekanyo sa maatla a a beeleditsweng mo dikgosing e ne ya nna kgang e e neng ya baka dikganetsano thata mo mokgatlhong wa boipuso o o neng o gola, bogolosegolo mo bathong ba ga Ngwato le ba lelapa la ga Khama.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;93–94.</ref> Bechuanaland Protectorate Federal Party e ne e le lekoko la ntlha la sepolotiki le le neng la tlhamiwa mo kgaolong ya tshireletso fa le ne le tlhamiwa ke moeteledipele wa mokgatlo wa Ngwato [[:en:Leetile_Disang_Raditladi|Leetile Disang Raditladi]] ka ngwaga wa 1959. Le bopilwe thata ke batho ba maemo le batlhalefi, le ne le buelela kopano ya merafe ya Batswana. Lekoko le ne la palelwa ke go bona tshegetso mme la nna lobaka lo lokhutshwane.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;94.</ref> Ngwaga o o latelang, [[:en:Bechuanaland_People's_Party|Lekoko la Batho la Bechuanaland]] (BPP, moragonyana Lekoko la Batho la Botswana) le ne la tlhamiwa jaaka lekoko le le bogale thata, le le ganetsanang le puso ya merafe ya setso mme la bona boikuelo mo badiring ba bafaladi.<ref name=":57">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> E ne e eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Motsamai_Mpho|Motsamai Mpho]], [[:en:Philip_Matante|Philip Matante]], le Kgalemang Morsete.<ref name=":58">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xviii.</ref> BPP, e e neng ya tlhamiwa jaaka molekane wa Setswana wa lekoko la [[:en:African_National_Congress|African National Congress]] la Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":59">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;74.</ref> e ne ya tshegetsa boipuso jwa ka bonako le go fedisiwa gotlhelele ga bogosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Ka go tshaba gore BPP e tla nyatsa puso e e leng teng le go tshuba dikgotlhang le puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa, dikgosi le puso ya Borithane di ne tsa thibela bokgoni jwa yona jwa go kopana.<ref name=":57" /> Merafe ya tshireletso mmogo e ne ya bopa lekgotla la peomolao ka ngwaga wa 1961.<ref name=":37" /> Batho ba Kwena ba ne ba iphitlhela ba le ka fa tlase ga moemedi, [[:en:Neale_Sechele|Neale Sechele]], ka ngwaga wa 1963, se se rayang gore ba ne ba na le tlhotlheletso e nnye ya sepolotiki fa mokgatlho wa boipuso o ntse o gola.<ref name=":60">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;102.</ref> Leano la Tlhabololo la Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland la dingwaga tsa 1963/1968 le ne la kwalwa ka thulaganyo ya dipuisano ka ngwaga wa 1963, le tlhama tlhaloso ya boipuso jwa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;26–27.</ref> Fa palo ya batho e ne ba sa dire sepe mo dipolotiking ka kakaretso, lefatshe la United Kingdom e ne ya nna nngwe ya mafatshe a a neng a etelela pele go bona boipuso. Ka go tshwenyega gore lekoko la BPP e ne e le e e tseneletseng thata, lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la rotloetsa moeteledipele wa yone yo o mo ratang, Seretse Khama, go tlhama lekoko la sepolotiki.<ref name=":59" /> Le fa Khama a ne a dumalana le mekgwa ya lekoko la BPP e e kgatlhanong le bosemorafe le ya lefatshe, o ne a le kgatlhanong le tsela ya yone ya go tlhoma dipolotiki le go amogela ga yone bojammogo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;96.</ref>O ne a dumela go tlogela go bolela ga gagwe mo bathong ba ga Ngwato go dira jaaka radipolotiki, a tlhama [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|Lekoko la]] [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|puso ya batho ka batho la Bechuanaland]] (BDP, moragonyana ya nna lekoko la Botswana Democratic ) ka ngwaga wa 1962.<ref name=":59" /> Lekoko la BDP e ne ya itlhoma jaaka "lekoko la dikgosi", mme ya amogela dikakanyo tse di amanang le puso ya merafe ya pele ga bokoloniale.<ref name=":30" /> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la rotloetsa lekoko la BDP, le tlhaloganya gore le tla tshegetsa kgwebisano ya leruo ya motlha wa bokoloniale.<ref name=":73">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;149.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1963, kgosi ya Kgatla Linchwe e ne e le ene fela kgosi e e neng e le kgatlhanong le BDP e bile e na le tlhotlheletso ya sepolotiki, mme batho ba Kgatla ba ne ba rata lekoko la BDP, ka jalo o ne a nna a sa tsenelele mo dipolotiking.<ref name=":60" /> Thulaganyo ya phetogo e ne ya simolola ka lekoko la BDP e ne e solofetswe go busa Botswana yo o ikemetseng, mme puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya bereka le boeteledipele jwa lekoko la BDP go ba baakanyetsa go tsamaisa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;78.</ref> Go ne ga tshwarwa bokopano ka ngwaga wa 1963 go okamela go tlhamiwa ga molaotheo o mosha. Dikgotlhang tsa ka fa gare ga lekoko la BPP di ne di raya gore lekoko la BDP e ne e na le tlhotlheletso e ntsi mo thulaganyong. Tshekedi Khama o ne a tlhokafetse ka nako e, ka jalo Bathoen wa bobedi o ne a nna moeteledipele wa lekoko le le neng le ema nokeng puso ya bofederale, a dumela gore le tla boloka puso e le mo diatleng tsa dikgosi. Lefatshe la United Kingdom le boradipolotiki ba Batswana ba ne ba tshegetsa puso ya bosetšhaba e e kopaneng ka gonne Botswana e ne e humanegile thata go ka kgaoganya dithoto tsa yona le ka gonne go tlhoka go kopanya dithoto go ne go tla dira gore e nne mo kotsing ya go tlhaselwa ke merafe e mengwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;97.</ref> Puso ya dikgaolo e e itsholetseng e ne ya itshupa e sa kgonege mo dipolotiking, ka jalo go ne ga dirwa tumalano ya gore dikgosi di tla bopa Ntlo ya Dikgosi, e leng setlhopha sa bagakolodi mo teng ga [[:en:Parliament_of_Botswana|Palamente ya Botswana]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;98–99.</ref> Dikgosi di ne di santse di le kgatlhanong le thulaganyo e, mme mo mokgatlhong o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Bathoen, Ntlo ya Dikgosi e ne ya fetisa tlhopo ya [[:en:No_confidence|go sa tshepe]] puso e ntšhwa, mme fela go tlhoka maatla a yone a sepolotiki go ne ga e thibela go dirisa phetogo e e nang le bokao.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;56.</ref> Molao wa Lekgotla la Kgaolo o ne wa fetisiwa jaaka tsela e nngwe ya go lekanyetsa maatla a dikgosi ka go tlhama makgotla a a tla okamelang kgaolo le toropo nngwe le nngwe,<ref name=":58" /> go dira gore mekgatlho e e tlhophilweng e e nne balaodi ba konokono ba selegae.<ref name=":64">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;78.</ref> Toropo ya [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] e agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1965 mme ya itsisiwe jaaka motsemogolo o mošwa.<ref name=":59" /> E agilwe mo lefatsheng la puso ya Borithane, le le neng le tlamela ka lefelo le le sa tseyeng letlhakore le le neng le sa laolwe ke morafe ope .<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;16.</ref> [[:en:Constitution_of_Botswana|Molamotheo]] o ne wa tsenngwa tirisong ka one ngwaga oo.<ref name=":59" /> Ka se se tirisong, Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la fa tshireletso puso ya go ipusa.<ref name=":61">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;116.</ref> Ngwaga wa 1965 gape e ne ya bona go fetisiwa ga Molao wa Dikgotla tsa Dikgaolo o o neng wa fetola seabe sa bokoloniale sa molaodi wa kgaolo ka go se bofa mo makgotleng a dikgaolo a a sa tswang go tlhamiwa,<ref name=":74">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;25.</ref> mme wa bona go tlhongwa ga Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Bosetšhaba e e neng e le ya puso.<ref name=":75">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> Mpho o ne a kgaogana le lekoko la BPP go tlhama Lekoko la Boipuso la Bechuanaland (BIP) ka ngwaga wa 1965.<ref name=":62">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;32.</ref> E eteletswe pele ke Seretse Khama le [[:en:Quett_Masire|Quett Masire]], lekoko la BDP le ne la dira letsholo mo e ka nnang mo motseng mongwe le mongwe wa kgaolo ya tshireletso pele ga ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa kakaretso. Go farologana le batho ba bangwe ba sepolotiki kwa Bechuanaland, Seretse Khama o ne a na le boikuelo go ralala merafe e e farologaneng.<ref name=":60" /> Morago ga moo lekoko la BDP le ne la tlhophiwa go etelela puso ya ntlha pele.<ref name=":61" /> Lekoko la BPP le ne la gapa manno a le mararo fela mo lekgotleng la peomolao, mme lekoko la BIP le ne la palelwa ke go gapa epe.<ref name=":62" /> Morago ga ditlhopho, go ne ga tlhamiwa lekoko la [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|Botswana]] [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|National Front]] (BNF) jaaka lekoko le le kopaneng la kganetso ya BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;32–33.</ref> E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Kenneth_Koma|Kenneth Koma]], lekoko la BNF le ne la nna mmaba yo mogolo wa lekoko la BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;109.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;31–33.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la tlhopha Khama go nna tonakgolo ya naga.<ref name=":65">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;204.</ref>Go farologana le makoko a mantsi a sepolotiki a a tlhomilweng mo Aforika, BDP e ne e le lekoko le le itekanetseng le le sa fetogeng go na le go nna lekoko le le kgatlhanong le bokoloniale.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;711.</ref> Morago ga go tlhamiwa ga yona, Ntlo ya Dikgosi e ne ya ntsha tlhopo ya go sa tshepe molaotheo ka ngwaga wa 1966, mme se sa dira gore go nne le letsholo la bosetšhaba la go tshegetsa molaotheo le le neng la bona tshegetso e e lekaneng gore dikgosi di fedise maiteko a tsone a go o gwetlha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;100–101.</ref> Tshireletso e ne ya newa boipuso jaaka Rephaboliki ya Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1966.<ref name=":61" /> == Repaboliki ya Botswana == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Independence, 1966.png|thumb|[[:en:Seretse_Khama|Seretse Khama]] a ikanisa maikano a go nna Tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1966]] Boipuso jwa Botswana bo ne bo kaya go tsenngwa tirisong ga puso ya batho le batho e e gololesegileng, go tlisa ditlhopho, tshireletso ya ditshwanelo tsa batho, le tirelosetšhaba.<ref name=":64" /> Se se ne sa dira gore go nne le thulaganyo ya go tlhatlosiwa maemo e e ikaegileng ka bokgoni le go tlhamiwa ga tsamaiso ya puso ya maranyane.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref>Setšhaba se ne sa bopa puso e e neng e fetotswe go tswa mo [[:en:Westminster_system|tsamaisong ya Westminster]],<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;23–24.</ref> mme Tonakgolo Seretse Khama a nna Moporesidente Seretse Khama.<ref name=":65" /> Go ne ga tlhamiwa boitshupo jwa bosetšhaba, jwa kopanya merafe e e sa tshwaneng mo letshwaong le le lengwe la Setswana, ka ngwao e e ikaegileng ka ya merafe ya Setswana.<ref name=":80">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNyamnjoh2007|Nyamnjoh 2007]], p.&#x20;307.</ref> Botswana e ne ya boloka bontsi jwa ditheo tsa yone tsa merafe tsa pele ga bokoloniale morago ga boipuso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;54.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;7.</ref> Se e ne e le ditlamorago tsa puso e e nonofileng e e neng e amana le merafe ya Batswana le tsereganyo e e lekanyeditsweng ya puso ya Borithane mo dinakong tsa bokoloniale.<ref name=":34" /> Mofuta wa go buisana wa dipolotiki tsa setšhaba pele le morago ga boipuso e ne e le mokgwa o o sa tlwaelesegang mo merafeng e mengwe e mentsi ya Aforika e e neng ya nna le babusaesi morago ga boipuso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;30, 56.</ref> Go na le go fedisa bogosi, puso e ntšhwa e ne ya bo tsenya mo tsamaisong ya semolao, ya fa dikgosi dithata tsa boatlhodi ka ''kgotla'', go ikaegile ka dikgotlatshekelo tsa boikuelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe]] 2012, p.&#x20;36.</ref>Tlwaelo ya go ikobela boeteledipele, e e kileng ya fiwa dikgosi, e ne ya sutela kwa botautoneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;30.</ref> Puso e ne ya tiisa go tlhomama ga yona ka go thapa tirelosetšhaba ya yone ka baitseanape b<ref name=":66">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], pp.&#x20;31–32.</ref>a dinaga di sele, go farologana le dinaga tse dingwe tse dišwa tsa Aforika tse gantsi di neng di leleka baitseanape ba dinaga di sele.<ref name=":67">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], p.&#x20;35.</ref><ref name=":68">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;105.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;59.</ref> Se se ne sa boloka puso ya mofuta wa Bophirima e e neng e gatelela tlhabololo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;259.</ref> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la tswelela go tlamela Botswana ka matlole mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tse tlhano tsa go nna teng ga yone.<ref name=":61" /> Maemo a yone a kagiso, a puso ya batho ka batho fa a bapisiwa le ditšhaba tse dingwe tsa Aforika a ne a raya gore e ne ya amogela thuso e ntsi go tswa mo mekgatlhong ya Bophirima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;255.</ref> Ka nako ya boipuso, Botswana e ne e le setšhaba se se humanegileng thata, go feta bontsi jwa dinaga tse dingwe mo Aforika.<ref name=":69">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;104.</ref><ref name=":66" /> E ne e sena badiri ba ba rutegileng, ka baagi ba le masome a mane fela ba ba nang le ditlankana tse di hagodimo tsa mmadikolo, mme go ne go sena ditlamelo tse di itsegeng tsa metswedi ya tlholego go tshegetsa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;62, 64.</ref> Botswana e ne e ikaegile ka puso ya Tlhaolele mo Aforika Borwa go fitlhelela setšhaba sa lefatshe, mme bontsi jwa badiri ba Botswana e ne e le badiri ba bafaladi mo Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;64.</ref> Botswana e ne ya tsena mo ntweng e e tlhamaletseng le Rhodesia, e e neng ya baka dintwa tsa sesole go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1978.<ref name=":63" /> Go nna le seabe mo go lekanyeditsweng ga Borithane go ne go kaya gore go ne go se na tlhabololo e ntsi fa e sale ka nako ya bokoloniale.<ref name=":69" /><ref name=":70">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;160.</ref> Bokgoni jwa go bala le go kwala e ne e le selekanyo sa karolo ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong, mme go ne go na le dikilometara di le lesome fela tsa tsela e e tshetsweng.<ref name=":69" /> Mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a robangbongwe ya baagi e ne e le mo [[:en:Abject_poverty|lehumeng le le tseneletseng]],<ref name=":70" /> mme bontsi jwa baagi e ne e le balemibarui ba dikgomo kgotsa [[:en:Subsistence_farmers|balemibarui ba ba itshidisang]].<ref name=":71">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;55.</ref> Fa setšhaba se fitlhelela boipuso, komelelo e e masisi e ne ya fedisa karolo ya masome amarao go fihlela masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya palo ya dikgomo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;63.</ref> Mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa Batswana ba ne ba ikaegile ka [[:en:World_Food_Programme|Lenaneo la Dijo la Lefatshe]] go tila tlala.<ref name=":81">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;220.</ref> Ditšhaba tse dingwe di ne di na le ditsholofelo tse di kwa tlase mo Botswana, mme mo Aforika yotlhe e ne e bonwa jaaka [[:en:Bantustan|Bantustan]] ya Tlhaolele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;1.</ref> Kamano e le Tlhaolele gape e ne e le ntlha ya katlego ya Botswana jaaka setšhaba se se ikemetseng: boeteledipele jwa Batswana bo ne bo eletsa go tila phelelo e e tshwanang le ya Aforika Borwa fa setšhaba se ka palelwa, mme dikgolagano tsa dikgang tsa mafatshe fatshe tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa le Bophirima go thibela go tsenngwa ke Aforika Borwa di ne di raya gore Botswana o ne a tshepa thata dinaga tsa Bophirima go amogela thuso le thato ya bone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;76–77.</ref> Boeteledipele jwa ntlha jwa Botswana bo ne bo laolwa ke malapa a merafe e e busang mmogo le palo e nnye ya badiredipuso ba ba rutegileng thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;6.</ref> Go tshwana ga bona ga itsholelo le dikgopolo go ne go raya gore puso e nne e tlhomame kwa ntle ga dintwa tsa sepolotiki.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;71.</ref> Le fa Bathoen a ne a tlogela maemo a gagwe a go nna kgosi go ya go dira dipolotiki, bontsi jwa dikgosi tse dingwe di ne tsa amogela maatla a tsona a a fokoditsweng a sepolotiki mo pusong e ntšhwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;56–57.</ref> Tiro e nngwe ya dikgosi e ne e laolwa ke Molao wa Bogosi wa ngwaga ya 1966.<ref name=":92">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;140.</ref> Go tlhoka bonweenwee go ne ga dira gore puso e nne semolao thata mme ya ratwa ke balekane ba Bophirima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;166.</ref> Go farologana le bontsi jwa merafe e e sa tswang go tlhamiwa ya Aforika, bontsi jwa boeteledipele bo ne bo tswa mo setšhabeng sa temothuo, go kaya gore dikgatlhego tsa bona di ne di tsamaisana le bontsi.<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":71" /> Se se ne sa rotloetsa puso e ntšhwa go boloka dipholisi tsa motlha wa bokoloniale tse di neng di solegela barui ba dikgomo molemo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;75.</ref> Setlhopa sa semmuso sa Nama ya Botswana se ne sa tlhamiwa go laola madirelo a nama ya kgomo.<ref name=":58" /> Boikuelo jwa lekoko la BDP jwa merafe yotlhe le kgatlhego e e kopanetsweng ya go tlhoma boipuso di ne tsa rotloetsa puso e ntšhwa gape go dira mo dikgatlhegelong tsa bontsi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;54–55.</ref> Ditlhopha tse dinnye tsa baagi ba basweu di ne tsa sala mo nageng mme tsa ganetsa boipuso jwa yone.<ref name=":63" /> Le fa moragonyana di ne di tla nna botlhokwa mo tlhabololong ya Botswana, ditshwanelo tsa ditswammung di ne tsa fiwa botlhokwa jo bo kwa tlase fa di bona boipuso, mme merafe e ne ya di fetisetsa kwa pusong ya bogareng ka ngwaga wa 1967.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;103–104.</ref> === Botautona jwa ga Seretse Khama === Khama o ne a ratwa ke batho botlhe mme a bonwa e le moeteledipele wa tlholego wa merafe yotlhe ya Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;202–203.</ref> Tsamaiso ya gagwe e ne ya tsenya tirisong maano a a neng a lebisitswe mo go tlhameng mafaratlhatlha le dithoto tsa setšhaba, bogolosegolo go tsenya tshela ditsela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;111.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;86.</ref> O ne a simolola go aga dikolo, matlhabelo le dikhuti tse di neng tsa tswelela mo masomeng a dingwaga a a latelang. Lefatshe le le nang le banni la Batswana le Basarwa le ne la dirisiwa go aga mesima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;219.</ref> Tlhabololo e ne ya tla ka tshenyegelo ya kgwebo le tlhagiso, e e neng e lekanyeditswe go tlamela ka matlole a leruo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004,]] p.&#x20;164.</ref> Go ne ga tlhongwa mogopolo thata mo go otla dikgomo le go aga matlhabelo go rotloetsa madirelo a nama ya kgomo mo gare ga go tlhoka metsi. <ref name=":82">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;205.</ref>[[:en:Public_welfare|Mananeo a katlaatleloloago]] le one a ne a tlhongwa.<ref name=":67" /> Go ribololwa ga ditaemane go ne ga netefatsa gore mananeo a a bona madi a a lekaneng.<ref name=":72">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;305.</ref> Dipeeletso tse le mokgwa o o sa fetogeng wa go somarela madi a puso di ne tsa thibela boemo jwa [[:en:Dutch_disease|bolwetse jwa Dutch]] jo bo neng jwa golafatsa dinaga tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di neng di tletse ka didirisiwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;4.</ref> Thuto e ne ya atolosiwa mo setšhabeng sotlhe, mme puo ya Setswana e ne ya lekanngwa mmogo le Seesemane ka go latlhegelwa ke dipuo tse dingwe.<ref name=":72" /><ref name=":68" /> Khama o ne a siamisa seo jaaka tsela ya go fitlhelela kutlwano.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;228.</ref> Quett Masire o ne a dira jaaka Mothusa tautona ka fa tlase ga ga Seretse Khama mmogo le Tona ya tsa madi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;84.</ref> O ne a laola tekanyetsokabo ya lefatshe le tiriso ya madi ka go tlhama motseletsele wa Maano a Tlhabololo ya Bosetšhaba, go ikaegilwe ka kamogelo ya Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba le Komiti ya itsholelo ya Kabinete.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;58.</ref> Dipoeletso tsa maano a di ne tsa nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya molao wa semmuso ya puso morago ga gore batlhatlhami ba ga Khama le Masire ba tsene mo maemong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;171.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1967, ditaemane di ne tsa fitlhellwa kwa Botswana ke setlamo sa Aforika Borwa sa ditaemane sa [[:en:De_Beers|De Beers]], mme ditiro di ne tsa simolola ka bonako morago ga moo.<ref name=":76">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;110.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;61.</ref> Dipeeletso tsa kopore di ne tsa fitlhelwa kwa [[:en:Selebi-Phikwe|Selebi-Phikwe]] ka ngwaga oo, mme se sa senola gape khumo ya ditswammung tsa setšhaba.<ref name=":58" /> Puso e ne ya dirisana le De Beers ka ngwaga wa 1969 go dira ditiro tse dikgolo tsa meepo ya ditaemane,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;136.</ref> mme e ne ya amega mo dipuisanong sešwa tsa [[:en:Southern_African_Customs_Union|Kopano ya Melelwane ya Aforika Borwa]] ka one ngwaga oo go tokafatsa thata maatla a yone a itsholelo mo kgaolong.<ref name=":77">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;65.</ref> Moepo mongwe kwa [[:en:Morupule|Morupule]] o ne wa simolola go ntsha magala ka ngwaga wa 1973, mme wa tlamela setšhaba ka karolo e kgolo ya motlakase.<ref name=":78">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xix.</ref> [[:en:Orapa_diamond_mine|Moepo wa ditaemane wa Orapa]] o ne wa bulwa kwa Orapa ka ngwaga wa 1971, mme go ne ga tlomamisiwia tumalano ya go abelana lotseno fa gare ga puso le De Beers ka ngwaga wa 1974.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;125.</ref> Moragonyana Masire o ne a netefatsa gore De Beers e ne e tshegeditse dikgwebo tsa gagwe tse di hapegileng ka madi, mme se sa dira gore go akanyediwe gore setlamo se ka tswa se amogetse tumalano e e mosola mo kgannyeng e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;129–130.</ref> Molao wa Metsi le Molao wa ditsha tsa Morafe di ne tsa tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1968, mme tsa tlhama lekgotla la Kabo ya Metsi le lekgotla tsa naga di le lesome le bobedi, ka go latelana. Tse di ne di okametse kabo ya ditshwanelo tsa metsi le lefatshe ke puso go na le ka go nna mong wa morafe mongwe le mongwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;76.</ref> Ka se, ba ne ba tsenya dithata tsa setso tsa dikgosi.<ref name=":74" /> Molao wa Mafatshe a Phulo a Merafe e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1975 go thibela [[:en:Overgrazing|phulo e e feteletseng]], mme fela e ne ya itshupa e sa atlege.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;67.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;173.</ref> Tota e bile, e ne e letla baagi ba ba humileng go kopa ditsha tse dikgolo tsa dikgomo ka tshenyegelo ya baagi ba ba sa humang thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;206.</ref> Ditlhopho tsa ntlha morago ga boipuso di ne tsa diragala ka ngwaga wa 1969.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la dira maswe go le gonnye fa e bapisiwa le tiragatso ya yona ya ngwaga wa 1965, mme mothusa tautona Masire o ne a latlhegelwa ke setilo sa gagwe ke Bathoen, se se neng sa mo tlhoka gore a tseye setilo se se kgethegileng se se tlhophilweng.<ref name=":79">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;80.</ref> Lekoko la BPP le ne la nyelela ka botlhokwa fa dipolotiki tsa Botswana di ntse di gola.<ref name=":73" /> Koporase ya Tlhabololo ya Botswana e e neng e le ya puso e ne ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 1970,<ref name=":75" /> mme moepo wa diteemane wa Orapa o ne wa bulwa ka ngwaga wa 1971.<ref name=":78" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1973, diteemane di ne di dira karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong ya Palo yotlhe ya tlhagiso ya lefatshe ya Botswana,<ref name=":76" /> mme kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1970, meepo e ne e le madirelo a magolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;5.</ref> Goromente wa Botswana o ne a buisana gape ka tumalano ya yone ya meepo le De Beers magareng ga ngwaga wa 1971 le ngwaga wa 1975, ya sutisetsa bontsi jwa dituelo kwa setšhabeng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;210.</ref> Fa itsholelo ya teemane e ntse e tlhabologa le dipeeletso di boela mo lefatsheng, Botswana e ne ya falola lehuma mme ya bonwa jaaka katlego mo merafeng e mengwe mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara morago ga bokoloniale.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;212.</ref> Ditlhabololo tse di dirile gore Botswana e nne naga e e golang ka bonako mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":77" /> Batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo le a a fa gare ba ne ba bona molemo thata, go oketsa go [[:en:Wealth_inequality|tlhoka tekatekano ga khumo]], mme gape go ne go raya gore makgetho a ka fokodiwa, se se neng sa dira gore balemi ba ba tshegetse.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;71–72.</ref> Tlhabololo ya Botswana le tiriso ya yone ya tirelosetšhaba ya mafatshe a sele e ne ya atlega mo e leng gore puso e ne ya tlhotlheletsa lefatshe la United States go romela setlhopa sa baithaopi ba kagiso (Peace Corps) kwa ntle ga ditekanyetso tsa setso tsa gore ke dikarolo dife tse mokgatlho o ka di dirang.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 go ne ga tla koketsego ya Batswana ba ba botlana ba ba rutegileng mo lefelong la gaeno, ba ba neng ba nna le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo pusong.<ref name=":64" /> Jaaka fa batho ba bašwa ba ba ne ba amogela thuto e e tshwanang mme ba simolola go dira mo setsong se le sengwe sa tsamaiso, go ne go sena pharologano e kgolo ya tiro fa gare ga tirelosetšhaba e e neng e eteletswe pele ke batswakwa le e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;88.</ref> Lephata la Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo le ne le le teng ka bokhutshwane morago ga go kgaogana mo Lephateng la Matlole magareng ga batlhokomedi ba setso ba ba neng ba amana le tshireletso kgatlhanong le baemanokeng ba ga Masire ba ba neng ba eletsa go bona tlhabololo e e bogale thata. Ya bofelo e ne ya tsaya taolo, mme ditona di ne tsa kopanngwa gape go nna Lephata la Matlole le Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo ka ngwaga wa 1970. Ka ntlha ya palo e e lekanyeditsweng ya batho ba ba tshwanelegang go laola itsholelo, lephata le le ne la tsaya taolo e feletseng ya tiriso ya madi a puso mme la simolola lenaneo la Shashe le le neng le batla gore naga e nne le tlhabololo e e tseneletseng ya palo yotlhe ya tlhagiso ya lefatshe ya Botswana. Se se ne se akaretsa go tlhoma lefelo la meepo ya kopore le nikele, le le neng la nna selo se se tlang pele mo pusong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;84–85.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1973, [[:en:Seepapitso_IV|Seepapitso wa bone]] o ne a nna kgosi ya ntlha go emisiwa mo maemong a gagwe morago ga nako ya bokoloniele.<ref name=":83">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;141.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la atlega thata gape ka [[:en:1974_Botswana_general_election|ditlhopo tsa ngwaga wa 1974]].<ref name=":79" /> [[:en:Minimum_wage|Dituelo tse di kwa tlase]] di ne tsa tlhagisiwa ka one ngwaga oo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Botswana e simolotse go ntsha madi a one, e leng [[:en:Botswana_pula|Botswana pula]], ka ngwaga wa 1976. Mmusi wa [[:en:Bank_of_Botswana|Banka ya Botswana]] Quill Hermans o ne a kgaratlhela go kgaogana ga madi le Aforika Borwa le [[:en:South_African_rand|ranta ya yone ya Aforika Borwa]]. Le fa go ne go na le matshwenyego a boditšhabatšhaba a gore Botswana e ka nna ya se ka ya kgona go tshegetsa madi a yone, Khama o ne a ikutlwa gore bagakolodi ba gagwe ba itsholelo ba na le bokgoni mme o ne a tshepa tshwetso ya bone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;206.</ref> Mo dingwageng di le lesome tsa boipuso, Botswana e ne e le nngwe ya ditšhaba tse di humileng thata mo [[:en:Third_World|Lefatsheng la Boraro]].<ref name=":67" /> Phetogo ya itsholelo e kaiwa jaaka "kgakgamatso" ya Botswana.<ref name=":77" /> Linchwe II, kgosi ya [[:en:Kgatla_people|batho ba Kgatla]], o ne a busetsa ngwao ya go simolola bogwera mo morafeng wa gagwe ka ngwaga wa 1975, mme se sa gakatsa puso ya bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;148.</ref> Khama o ne a tsaya tsela ya go akaretsa batho botlhe mo pusong ya gagwe, a tila dipolotiki tsa merafe le go gana tlhotlheletso ya baeteledipele ba merafe a rata badiredipuso.<ref name=":84">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;84.</ref> Ka dinako tse dingwe o ne a kopa batho go rola tiro fa morafe mongwe o ka nna le tlhotlheletso e ntsi mo tirelong ya setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;88.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba tshaba gore go sa dumalane le batho ba ba kwa tlase ba Kalanga go ka nna ga dira gore go se ka ga nna le kagiso. Go rarabolola se, Khama o ne a tsenya maloko a a rutegileng a morafe wa Kalanga mo pusong, a tlhoma bontsi mo maemong a a kwa godimo. Tshwetso e ne e tsosa kganetsano, mme e ne ya tsosa dikgopolo tsa bolotsana ka ga tlhotlheletso e e bosula ya Kalanga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;122.</ref> Tse ka dinako tse dingwe di ne di ikaegile ka Mokgatlho wa Baithuti ba Bakalanga, o o neng wa nna Mokgatlho wa Tsweletso ya Puo ya Ikalanga ka ngwaga wa 1980.<ref>[[Gulbrandsen 2012, p. 123.|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;123.</ref> Poifo ya dipuso tsa baagisani tse di eteletsweng pele ke basweu kwa Namibia, Rhodesia, le Aforika Borwa, mmogo le kotsi ya [[:en:Angolan_Civil_War|Ntwa ya Selegae ya Angola]], di dirile gore Botswana e tlhame [[:en:Botswana_Defence_Force|sesole sa bosetšhaba]] ka ngwaga wa 1977.<ref name=":78" /> Pele ga se, [[:en:Botswana_Police_Service|Tirelo ya Sepodisi]] sa Botswana e ne e tlhokometse tshireletso ya setshaba. Go tlhoka sesole go ne go raya gore Botswana e ne e sa tlhaselwe ke dilo tse di bakang go sa tlhomamang mo merafeng e mengwe ya Aforika: go menola puso ga sesole le bonweenwee ka go dirisa madi a sesole.<ref>[[Beaulier & Subrick 2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], pp.&#x20;111–112.</ref> Sesole se ne sa bona ntwa ngwaga o o latelang fa dirukutlhi tsa Rhodesia di ne di tlhasela Leshoma, di bolaya masole a le lesome le botlhano.<ref name=":78" /> Ka tirisanommogo ya yone le De Beers, puso ya Botswana e ne ya tlhama kompone ya meepo ya Debswana ka ngwaga wa 1978, mme ya bona lotseno lo lo bonalang lwa puso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> Meepo e ne ya nna madirelo a a kwa godimo ya itsholelo ya lefatshe mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang,<ref name=":85">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;77.</ref> mme Botswana ya nna itsholelo e e golang ka bonako go gaisa mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":86">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], p.&#x20;33.</ref><ref name=":86" /> Go nna le seabe ga mafatshe a sele mo itsholelong go ne ga nna kgang ya sepolotiki ka nako e jaaka fa batho ba kwa ntle ba ne ba kokoanya kgolo ya setšhaba fa ditiro tsa selegae di ne di tlhabologa ka iketlo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;143–145.</ref> Thuo ya dikgomo, e e neng e setse e amilwe ke go runya mo gogolo ga [[:en:Foot-and-mouth_disease|bolwetse jwa tlhako le molomo]] ka ngwaga wa1977,<ref name=":82" /> e ne ya latlhegelwa ke botlhokwa jo e neng e na le jone pele.<ref name=":85" /> === Botautona jwa ga Quett Masire === [[Setshwantsho:Quett Masire DF-SC-85-12044.JPEG|thumb|Quett Masire a etetse America ka ngwaga wa 1984]] Morago ga loso lwa ga Seretse Khama ka ngwaga wa 1980, Mothusa-Tautona Quett Masire o ne a nna tautona wa Botswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;117.</ref> Le fa go ne go na le matshwenyego ka go tlhatlhama ga ga Khama, Masire o ne a tshegetsa mafaratlhatlha a puso a a neng a thusa go a aga le go boloka tumelo mo pusong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;182.</ref> Go ritibatsa morafe wa ga Khama wa Ngwato le merafe e mengwe ya bokone, Masire o ne a tlhoma ntsalae Khama, [[:en:Lenyeletse_Seretse|Lenyeletse Seretse]], go nna mothusa-tautona.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;232.</ref> Kakanyo e e neng e tlwaelesegile mo gare ga BaNgwato e ne e le gore morwa Khama, [[:en:Ian_Khama|Ian Khama]], o ne a tshwanelwa ke bo tautona. Fa Lenyeletse a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1983, Masire o ne a tlhopha [[:en:Peter_Mmusi|Peter Mmusi]] go tsena mo boemong jwa gagwe. Gompieno o ne a tlhopha mongwe go tswa mo morafeng wa borwa, gore a se ka a tlhoma sekao sa gore tautona le mothusa-tautona ka nako tsotlhe ba tshwanetse go tswa mo dikgaolong tse di fapaaneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;233.</ref> Botswana e ne e le karolo ya Khonferense ya Kgokaganyo ya Tlhabololo ya Borwa jwa Aforika e e neng ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 1980 go tlhama mmaraka wa borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":78" /> Setšhaba se ne sa amiwa ke [[:en:Early_1980s_recession|kwelotlase ya itsholelo ya tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa bo 1980]].<ref name=":81" /> [[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng]] o simolotse go dira ka ngwaga wa 1982, wa nna moepo o o dirang dipoelo go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng. [[:en:University_of_Botswana|Mmadikolo wa Botswana]] o tlhomilwe ka one ngwaga o o neng o kgaogana le [[:en:University_of_Botswana,_Lesotho_and_Swaziland|Mmadikolo ya Botswana, Lesotho le Swaziland]].<ref name=":78" /> Ditlhabololo tsa semolao ka ngwaga wa 1982, Molawana wa Thuso ya Matlole le go dira gore tiro ya kgwebo gore e nne ya ka fa molaong ke badiredipuso, di ne tsa tlhotlheletsa itsholelo ya naga mme gape tsa gagamolola melawana e e neng e tla thibela bonweenwee.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;127, 129.</ref> Jaaka fa puso ya batho le batho le kgolo ya itsholelo di itshupile e le diphetogo tsa paka e telele, Botswana e ne ya itsege jaaka "kgakgamatso ya Aforika".<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLaRoccoMogende2022|LaRocco &#x26; Mogende 2022]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref> Kganetso e e nonofileng kgatlhanong le puso e e laolwang ke lekoko la BDP e ne ya tlhagelela la ntlha ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980. Makoko a kganetso a ne a simolola go fenya ditlhopho tsa selegae, ditlhopha tsa dikgatlhego tsa simolola go tlhamiwa, mme makwalo a dikgang a matlhano a magolo a a kgatlhanong le lekoko la BDP a simolola go gatisiwa.<ref name=":64" /> Pele e ne e ikaegile ka tshegetso ya merafe e e rileng, lekoko la BNF le ne la bona tshegetso mo setlhopheng sa badiri.<ref name=":84" /> Ka ditlhopho ka kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 1984, e ne e le lekoko kganetso le le gaisanang.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;712.</ref> Komelelo e e masisi e ne ya ama Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa1982 go fitlhela ka ngwaga wa 1987, mme ya tlhoka thuso ya dijo ya puso go ka nna karolo ya masome a marataro le botlhano mo lekgolong ya Batswana ba kwa magaeng.<ref name=":87">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;82.</ref> Batshwayadiphoso ba ga Masire ba ne ba mo amanya le komelelo e ka e ne e tsamaisana le tshimologo ya botautona jwa gagwe, ba akantsha gore Khama o ne a na le taelo ya bomodimo e Masire a neng a se na yone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;203.</ref> Mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980, madirelo a ditaemane a ne a fitlha kwa setlhoeng sa yone ka karolo ya masome a matlhano le boraro mo lekgolong ya paloyotlhe ya tlhagiso ya bosetšhaba.<ref name=":76" /> Ka nako e, itsholelo ya setšhaba e ne ya nonoha mo e leng gore baagi ba ne ba sa tlhole ba rotloediwa go tlhopha [[:en:Subsistence_agriculture|temothuo ya go]] [[:en:Subsistence_agriculture|itshidisa]] kgotsa go fuduga go ya go dira kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":84" /> [[:en:Entrepreneurship|Bogwebi]] bo ne jwa anama thata, bogolosegolo mo badiring ba pele ba puso ba ba neng ba tswa mo [[:en:Public_sector|lephateng la puso]] go ya kwa lephateng la [[:en:Private_sector|e]] [[:en:Private_sector|seng la puso]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;90.</ref> Thuto ya mahala ya [[:en:Secondary_education|sekole se segolwane]] ne ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 1989.<ref name=":87" /> [[:en:Trade_union|Mekgatlho ya badiri]] le [[:en:Special_interest_group|ditlhopha tse di kgethegileng tsa dikgatlhego]] tse dingwe di ne tsa tlhagelela ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980 go tlhotlheletsa melawana ya setšhaba, le fa gantsi puso e ne e sa batle go di amogela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], pp.&#x20;85–86.</ref> E tsibogetse mokgatlho o o neng o gola wa badiri ka go fetisa dithibelo tse di bokete mo mekgatlhong ya badiri ka ngwaga wa 1983.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;79.</ref> Dingwaga di le lesome gape o ne wa tlhagisa mekgatlho ya go amogela merafe e mennye, go gana boitshupo jwa bosetšhaba jwa Motswana.<ref name=":80" /> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980, Aforika Borwa e ne ya simolola ditlhaselo tsa sesole mo Botswana go batla batlhabani ba Aforika Borwa. Go tsibogela dikgobalo tsa baagitse di neng tsa direga, puso ya Botswana e ne ya oketsa tiriso ya madi mo sesoleng.<ref name=":93">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;112.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> E ne gape ya fa sesole tiro ya go sireletsa diphologolo tsa naga le go tsenya mo tirisong molao o o kgatlhanong le go tsoma mo go seng ka fa molaong go tsibogela kotsi e e tlisiwang ke batsomi ba ba tshotseng dibetsa.<ref name=":94">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLaRoccoMogende2022|LaRocco &#x26; Mogende 2022]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> Palo ya ntlha ya [[:en:HIV/AIDS_in_Botswana|mogare wa segajaja]] mo Botswana e ne ya lemogiwa ka ngwaga wa 1985, mme mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang lefatshe ;e ne la nna lone le le neng la amega thata mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;265.</ref> [[:en:Life_expectancy|Botshelo jo bo solofetsweng]] mo Botswana bo ne bo tla wela tlase tswa go masomeng a maratarole bosupa go ya kwa masomeng a matlhano ka ngwaga wa 1997.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;175.</ref> Phetogo e e gakgamatsang mo tsamaisong ya botsogo ya Botswana e ne ya latela go ralala dingwaga tsa bo 1980 le bo 1990; Bongaka jwa Bophirima bo ne jwa tlotliwa thata mmogo le kalafi ya setso, mme go ne ga tlhongwa dikokelo tse e seng tsa puso go nna mmogo le dikago tse di tsamaisiwang ke puso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;45.</ref> [[:en:Early_1990s_recession|Kwelotlase ya itsholelo ya tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa bo 1990]] e ne ya ama Botswana.<ref name=":81" /> [[:en:Attorney_General_of_Botswana_v._Unity_Dow|Tsheko e e botlhokwa ya kgotlatshekelo ya molaomotheo]] e e neng ya tlisiwa ke Unity Dow e ne ya felela ka katlholo ka ngwaga wa 1991 ya gore bana ba ka fiwa boagedi mo go bomme ba bone ga mmogo le borraabone, e e neng ya amogelwa go nna molao ka Molao wa Boagi wa 1995.<ref name=":88">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xx.</ref> Setlhopa se se tlhopilweng go batlisisa kgotsa go sekaseka dikgang sa Kgabo se ne sa tshwarwa ka ngwaga wa 1991 go batlisisa lekgotla la kabo ditsha tsa lefatshe tsa puso, mme sa fitlhela gore go dirilwe ditlolomolao tsa maitsholo a a siameng ke mothusa-tautona Peter Mmusi le mokwaledi wa kakaretso wa lekoko la BDP [[:en:Daniel_Kwelagobe|Daniel Kwelagobe]], ba bobedi jwa bone gape e neng e le maloko a setlhopa sa ditona tsa puso ya Botswana.<ref name=":89">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLotshwaoSuping2013|Lotshwao &#x26; Suping 2013]], p.&#x20;346.</ref><ref name=":90">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], p.&#x20;333.</ref> Ka go lebana le go galefa mo pusong le mo setšhabeng, bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba rola tiro.<ref name=":90" /> Go wa mo go ne ga tlhola ditlhopha tse pedi tse di kgaoganeng mo teng ga lekoko, e nngwe e eteletswe pele ke maloko a mabedi a pele a setlhopa sa ditona (Ba babedi ba bagolo),<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], pp.&#x20;333–335.</ref> mme e nngwe e eteletswe pele ke baganetsi ba bona (ba batlhano ba bagolo): [[:en:Festus_Mogae|Festus Mogae]], Bihiti Temane, Chapson Butale, [[:en:Gaositwe_Chiepe|Gaositwe Chiepe]], le moeteledipele wa bona [[:en:Mompati_Merafhe|Mompati Merafhe]].<ref name=":91">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;235.</ref> Se se ne sa aga mo dikgotlhang tse di neng di godile fa gare ga boeteledipele jwa borwa jwa BLP le kokomana e ntšhwa ya boradipolotiki go tswa kwa bokone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], pp.&#x20;233–234.</ref> Masire o ne a tlhopha Mogae go nna mothusa- tautona yo mosha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], p.&#x20;334.</ref> Ka go tshwenyega ka kgonagalo ya go tlwaetsa bonweenwee, Masire o ne a thapa mothusa- mogolwane wa [[:en:Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(Hong_Kong)|setlhopa se se tlhopilweng go batlisisa kgotsa go sekaseka dikgang e e Ikemetseng ya Hong Kong e e Kgatlhanong le Bonweenwee (Hong Kong)]] go tlhama mokgatlho o o tshwanang mo Botswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;222.</ref> [[:en:Directorate_on_Corruption_and_Economic_Crime|Bokaedi jwa Bonweenwee le Bosenyi jwa]] [[:en:Directorate_on_Corruption_and_Economic_Crime|Itsholelo]] bo ne jwa tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 1994, mme lekgotla la kabo ditsha le ne la tlhamiwa go reetsa boikuelo jwa ditshwetso tsa kabo ditsha ka ngwaga wa 1995.<ref name=":88" /> Boemo jwa lekoko la BDP jaaka lekoko le le laolang bo ne jwa amogela kgwetlho ya jone ya ntlha e e masisi ka ntlha ya Setlhopa se se tlhopilweng go batlsisa kgota go sekaseka dikgang ya Kgabo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;249.</ref> Matlhabisaditlhong le go kgaogana mo go neng ga nna teng mo lekokong la BDP go ne ga dira gore lekoko la BNF le nne lekoko la kganetso le le gaisanang thata morago ga ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 1994.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], pp.&#x20;335–336.</ref><ref name=":89" /> Ka go mathata a a oketsegileng a go tsenngwa ga ditoropo go fokotsa motheo wa BDP kwa metseselegaeng, makoko a kganetso a ne a na le bonnye jo bo bonalang mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;33.</ref> Morago ga loso lwa ga Mmusi, Kwelagobe o ne a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Ponatshego_Kedikilwe|Ponatshego Kedikilwe]], mme ba bopa setlhopa se sennye sa Barata-Phathi sa lekoko la BDP. Ba batlhano ba bagolo ba ne ba nna setlhopa se sennye sa A-Team.<ref name=":89" /> Botswana e ne ya solegelwa molemo ke go khutla ga puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa 1994, ka puso e ntšhwa e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Aforika e ne e sa thibele kgolo ya Botswana kgotsa go tsenelela mo ditirong tsa sesole go kgabaganya molelwane.<ref name=":81" /> Fa kgaolo e ntse e tlhomama, ditlhabololo tsa itsholelo tse di tshwanang le mabentlele a magolo, kakanyo e e sa netefadiwang ya dithoto, le bojanala jwa baagi di ne tsa atologa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;675.</ref> Morafe wa Ngwaketse o ne wa nna le kgotlang le puso ka kgwedi ya Moranang ngwaga wa 1994, fa tona ya pusoselegae le mafatshe Patrick Balope a ne a latofatsa kgosi Seepapitso wa bone ka go palelwa ke go diragatsa ditiro tsa gagwe mme a laela gore kgosi e emisiwe—e leng go emisiwa ga bobedi ga puso ya ga Seepapitso.<ref name=":83" /> Morwa wa ga Seepapitso e bong Leema o ne a amogela go tlhomiwa go dira tiro eo, kgatlhanong le dikeletso tsa ga Seepapitso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;141–142.</ref> Morafe o ne wa lwantshana le kgang ya go nna semolao mo go sa tlhaloganyesegeng ga ga Leema le poifo ya gore setso sa morafe ga se kitla se tlhola se lemogiwa, mme go tlosiwa ga gagwe go ne ga nna kgang ya bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;142–143.</ref> Seepapitso o ne a tsenya kganetso ya semolao, mme kgotlatshekelo ya atlhola ka Tlhakole a tlhola malatsia le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 1995 gore le fa go tlosiwa ga ga Seepapitso go ne go le ka fa molaong, go tlhomiwa ga ga Leema go ne go se kafa molaong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;145.</ref> Ka maatla a go tlhoma a ne a buseditswe mo morafeng, ba ne ba gana go tlhopha moeteledipele yo mosha jaaka tsela ya go ikuela. Puso e ne ya ineela mme ya letlelela Seepapitso go busediwa mo tirong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;145–146.</ref> [[:en:Ritual_murder|Polao ya dipheko]] ya ga [[:en:Segametsi_Mogomotsi|Segametsi Mogomotsi]], mosetsana wa dingwaga di le lesome le bone wa kwa [[:en:Mochudi|Mochudi]], e diragetse ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 1994. Dikhuduego tsa loago di ne tsa tsoga fa babelaelwa bao, ba e neng e le borakgwebo le boradipolotiki ba ba humileng, ba ne ba gololwa ka ntlha ya go tlhoka bosupi. Mo dikgweding tse di latelang, go ne ga nna le ditshupetso le dikhuduego tse di neng di eteletswe pele ke baithuti kgatlhanong le tiriso ya ditiro tsa masaitsiweng tse di tshwanang le polao ya dipheko go bona khumo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;286–290.</ref> Go tlhagoga ga bolwetse jo bo [[:en:Contagious_bovine_pleuropneumonia|tshelanwang jwa pleuropneumonia ya dikgomo]] ka ngwaga wa 1995 go ne ga baka dintsho tsa dikgomo di le dikete tse makgolo a mararo le masome a mabedi .<ref name=":88" /> Molao wa Temothuo wa ngwaga ya 1995 o ne wa atolosa thulaganyo ya go dira lefatshe la baagi la le e seng la puso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;7.</ref> Merafe e mennye e ne ya tswelela go kgaratlhela go lemogiwa go simolola ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;163–164.</ref> Puso e simolotse go ntsha batho ba Basarwa mo [[:en:Central_Kalahari_Game_Reserve|Lefelong la Diphologolo la Kalahari]] [[:en:Central_Kalahari_Game_Reserve|la Bogare]] ka ngwaga wa 1995.<ref name=":88" /> Le fa e ne e nganga gore maikaelelo e ne e le go thusa go kopanya baagi ba ba neng ba le kgakala thata, mme e neelana ka leruo go rotloetsa tirisanommogo, mekgatlho ya boditšhabatšhaba e ne ya pega molato puso ka go pateletsa le go [[:en:Forced_displacement|fudusiwa ka dikgoka]] ga batho go dira sebaka sa meepo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;11–12.</ref> Maiteko a ntlha a magolo a semolao a go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa merafe e mennye a ne a tswa mo tshitshinyong ya ngwaga wa 1995 kwa palamenteng ya go tlhalosa molaomotheo jaaka o o sa tseyeng letlhakore mo merafeng, mme o ne wa bewa mo tafoleng. Mokgatlho wa Kamanakao o ne wa tlhamiwa ka one ngwaga oo ke morutegi [[:en:Lydia_Nyati-Ramahobo|Lydia Nyati-Ramahobo]] go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa [[:en:Yeyi_people|batho ba Yeyi]].<ref name=":95">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;215.</ref> Motseletsele wa diphetogo tsa puso le tsa ditlhopho di ne tsa tsenngwa mo tirisong mo dingwageng tsa bofelo tsa bo tautona jwa ga Masire. Tlhokomelo ya ditlhopho e ne ya fetisediwa kwa setheong se se ikemetseng, dingwaga tsa go tlhopa di ne tsa fokodiwa go tswa ko masomeng a mabedi le bongwe go ya ko lesomeng le borobabobedi , go [[:en:Postal_voting|tlhopa ka poso]] go ne ga tsenngwa tirisong, mme ga tsenngwa tirisong melawana ya go sireletsa [[:en:Labour_rights|ditshwanelo tsa badiri]] le [[:en:Gender_equality|tekatekano ya bong]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;168.</ref> Masire o ne a eletsa go tlhama [[:en:Order_of_succession|tatelano e e tlhomameng ya]] [[:en:Order_of_succession|go tlhatlologana]] mo bogosing le go netefatsa gore motlhatlogi wa gagwe yo a mo tlhophileng mothusa Tautona Mogae e nna tautona, ka jalo o ne a dirisana le mmueledi Parks Tafa go kwala paakanyo ya molaotheo. Se se ne sa tsenya tirisong tatelano e e itirisang le [[:en:Term_limit|melelwane ya paka]] ya botautona.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], pp.&#x20;337–338.</ref> O ne a pateletsa paakanyo ka boene.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], pp.&#x20;304–305.</ref> Go fetola itsholelo ya lefatshe, go ne ga tsenngwa tirisong tsamaiso ya nakwana ya go nna le [[:en:Tripartism|makoko a mararo]] go kopanya puso, lekalana le e seng la puso, le baemedi ba badiri.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;169.</ref> Fa lekoko le ne le tlhopha maloko a komiti ya lone ya bogareng ka ngwaga wa 1997, kotsi ya go nna le ditlhopha e ne ya gola mo e leng gore Masire o ne a phimola ditlhopho tsa lone tse di mo teng ga mokgatlho mme a dira gore ditlhopha di mo fe manaane a maina.<ref name=":91" /> === Botautona jwa ga Festus Mogae === [[Setshwantsho:George Bush with African national leaders February 26, 2002.jpg|thumb|Festus Mogae mmogo le botautona ba mafatshe a sele [[:en:Joaquim_Chissano|Joaquim Chissano]], [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] le [[:en:José_Eduardo_dos_Santos|José Eduardo dos Santos]] ka ngwaga wa 2002]] Masire o ne a tlogela tiro ya botautona ka kgwedi ya Moranang a tlhola letsatsi le le ngwe ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme a latelelelwa ke mothusa tautona Festus Mogae.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], p.&#x20;338.</ref> Mogae o ne a tsaya tshwetso e e neng ya tsosa kganetsano ya go tlhoma Ian Khama, molaodi wa sesole le morwa Seretse Khama, go nna mothusa tautona yo o latelang,<ref name=":72" /> a fetisa kgetho ya gagwe ka go tshosetsa go phatlalatsa palamente.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;305.</ref> Le fa ba ne ba sa tseye letlhakore semmuso fa gare ga ditlhopha tsa lekoko la BDP, Mogae le Khama ka bobedi ba ne ba tlhaloganngwa e le batho ba bagolo mo gare ga A-Team.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLotshwaoSuping2013|Lotshwao &#x26; Suping 2013]], p.&#x20;347.</ref> Ngwaga wa 1998 o ne wa bona nngwe ya dikgaogano tse dintsi mo teng ga lekoko la kganetso la BNF. E ne e kgaogane ka ditlhopha tse pedi: batho ba ba sa rateng diphetogo ba ba neng ba na le ditumelo tsa loago le ba ba neng ba tswelela pele ba ba neng ba na le ditumelo tsa puso ya batho ka batho ya loago. Dikhuduego kwa mokgatlhong wa lekoko di ne tsa dira gore batho ba ba neng ba rata kgatelopele ba kgaogane go nna lekoko la bone, [[:en:Botswana_Congress_Party|Botswana Congress Party]] (BCP), le le neng la nna lekoko le legolo la kganetso go fitlhela ba latlhegelwa ke bontsi jwa manno a bone mo [[:en:1999_Botswana_general_election|ditlhophong tsa]] [[:en:1999_Botswana_general_election|ngwaga wa 1999]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLotshwaoSuping2013|Lotshwao &#x26; Suping 2013]], p.&#x20;344.</ref> Kgaogano e ya kganetso, mmogo le diphetogo tsa selegae tsa dingwaga tse di fetileng, di ne tsa dira gore lekoko la BDP le boelwe ke ditilo dingwe tse e neng ya di latlhegelwa ka ngwaga wa 1994.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], pp.&#x20;168–169.</ref> Maloko a le mmalwa a borwa a boeteledipele jwa lekoko la BCP a ne a boela kwa lekokong la BNF morago ga gore maemo otlhe a a kwa godimo a tsewe ke batho ba bokone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;237.</ref> Go itlhatlosa go ya kwa maemong a merafe ya Tswana, batho ba Yeyi ba ne ba bitsa kgosi e e kwa godimo ka ngwaga wa 1999, fela se se ne sa se ka sa lemogiwa ke Molao wa Bogosi. Ba ne ba tlisa kgang eo kwa Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo, e e neng ya tlhasela thulaganyo e e maleba ya molao e le e e tlhaolang.<ref name=":95" /> Mogae o ne a tlhoma setlhopa se se tlhopilweng go batlisisa kgotsa go sekaseka dikgang ka ngwaga wa 2000 go sekaseka kemedi ya merafe e mennye mo Ntlong ya Dikgosi, mme seo sa baka boipelaetso go tswa mo go ba ba neng ba ikutlwa gore Mogae o batla go nyatsa maatla a dikgosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;239.</ref> Setlhopa se se tlhopilweng go batlisisa kgotsa go sekaseka dikgang se ne sa tlhomamisa gore Ntlo ya Dikgosi e tshwanetse go nna teng, mme ya bidiwa Setswana ''Ntlo ya Dikgosi''.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;216.</ref> Diphetogo tse dingwe tse di fetotsweng ga di a amogelwa morago ga go kgarametswa go tswa mo merafeng e megolo ya Batswana, bogolosegolo ba Ngwato.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;217–218.</ref> Ngwaga o o latelang, batho ba Kgatla-baga-Mmanaana ba ne ba bona kgosi ya bone Gobuamang Gobuamang wa bobedi a amogelwa semmuso jaaka kgosi e nnye mo teng ga kgaolo ya Kwena kwa ba nnang teng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;177.</ref> [[:en:Botswana–Namibia_border|Molelwane wa Botswana le Namibia]] o ne wa tsena mo kganetsanong ka ngwaga wa 1999 fa mafatshe ka bobedi a ne a batla kgaolo mo [[:en:Caprivi_Strip|Mopakong wa Caprivi]].[<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;xx–xxi.</ref>] Ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000, Botswana e ne ya beeletsa thata mo go tlhabololeng sesole sa mowa.<ref name=":93" /> [[:en:Botswana_Television|Setshwantso sa motshikinyego sa Botswana]] se tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa 2000. Lentswe tsa Tsodilo le ne la nna [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe]] ka ngwaga wa 2001. Batho ba Basarwa ba ne ba ntsha kgwetlho ya semolao ka ngwaga wa 2002 go ganetsa go ntshiwa ga bona kwa Central Kalahari Game Reserve, fela kgang e sekisiwang e ne ya tlhokomologiwa. [[:en:Mosadi_Seboko|Mosadi Seboko]] wa [[:en:Lete_people|morafe wa]] [[:en:Lete_people|Balete]] o ne a nna moeteledipele wa ntlha wa mosadi wa morafe ka ngwaga wa 2003.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xxi.</ref> Mogae o ne a dira gore mongwe wa batshwayadiphoso ba ba tlhageletseng thata ba puso, [[:en:Kenneth_Good_(political_scientist)|Kenneth Good]], a lelekwe mo lefatsheng la gagwe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2005.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBotlhomilweSebudubuduMaripe2011|Botlhomilwe, Sebudubudu &#x26; Maripe 2011]], pp.&#x20;333–334.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], pp.&#x20;226–227.</ref> [[:en:Three_Dikgosi_Monument|Sefikantswe sa Dikgosi tse Tharo]] se ne sa bulwa ka ngwaga wa 2005.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;680.</ref> Mogae o ne a tsaya bolwetsi jo bo anameng lefatshe la HIV/AIDS e le kgang e e botlhokwa thata ka nako ya botautona jwa gagwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;226.</ref> Go e lwantsha, o ne a dira gore dikalafi tsa [[:en:Antiretroviral|diantiretroviral]] tsa HIV/AIDS di nne teng mahala.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;225.</ref> === Botautona jwa ga Ian Khama === [[Setshwantsho:London Conference on The Illegal Wildlife Trade (12499797834).jpg|thumb|Kopano ya ga Ian Khama le [[:en:William_Hague|William Hague]] kwa Lontone]] Ian Khama o ne a latela mo maemong a botautona kwa bokhutlong jwa paka ya ga Mogae ka kgwedi ya Moranang a le letsatsi le lengwe ka ngwaga wa 2008.<ref name=":96">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;306.</ref> Mokgwa wa gagwe wa boeteledipele o ne wa phatlaladiwa jaaka o o latelang "di-D tse nne": puso ya batho ka batho, tlhabololo, seriti, le kotlhao.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMosime2020|Mosime 2020]], p.&#x20;196.</ref> Fa a sena go nna mo setilong, o ne a rulaganya sešwa khuduthamaga ya setšhaba ka mokgwa wa tatelano, a kopanya maatla go dikologa botautona.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], pp.&#x20;227–228.</ref> Khama o ne a gatelela tshireletsego ya setshaba mo tsamaisong ya gagwe. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo maemong a gagwe, Lekalana la Bosenodi le Tshireletsego le ne la itsege ka go dira ditlhodi tse di neng di tlhotlhelediwa ke dipolotiki le go tshwara baganetsi ba gagwe ba sepolotiki. O ne gape a tlhoma batho ba le mmalwa ba pele ba sesole mo pusong ya gagwe<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], pp.&#x20;714–715.</ref> Botswana o ne e sa amege thata mo [[:en:African_Union|Kopanong ya Aforika]] ka nako ya botautona jwa ga Khama, go na le moo e ne ya tlhagisa molawana wa mafatshe a sele a a neng e lebisitswe thata mo Bophirima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMosime2020|Mosime 2020]], p.&#x20;190.</ref> Mathata a matlole a ngwaga wa 2008 a ne a gatelela itsholelo ya Botswana, e e neng ya nna e ikaegile ka meepo ya ditaemane le fa puso e ne e dira maiteko.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMosime2020|Mosime 2020]], p.&#x20;202.</ref> Madirelo a diteemane a ne a fedisa kwelotlase e e tlhomameng fa e ne e tlhomama ka bokana ka karolo ya masome a mararo le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya paloyotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tse di tlhagisitsweng tsa lefatshe ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref name=":76" /> Taolo ya dikgosi e ne ya fetolwa ka ngwaga wa 2008 ka Molao wa Bogosi.<ref name=":92" /> Khama o ne a rotloetsa go neela dikgosi maatla ka leina la go busetsa kotlhao le maitsholo a setso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMosime2020|Mosime 2020]], pp.&#x20;196–197.</ref> O ne a ntsha taelo e e neng ya oketsa dingwaga tsa go nwa tse di kafa molaong go nna masome a mabedi le bongwe, ya fa baeteledipele ba merafe e mennye maatla a go laela gore batho ba itewe, ya tlhama ditlhopha tsa mephato go nna balebedi, le go tsenya gape [[:en:Corporal_punishment_in_schools|kotlhao ya go itaya mo dikolong]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMosime2020|Mosime 2020]], p.&#x20;197.</ref> Dikgosi di le mmalwa tse di sa tswang go tlhongwa di ne tsa tshegetsa melawana e mme tsa tsenya tirisong dikotlhao tse di gagametseng tsa badiraphoso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMosime2020|Mosime 2020]], p.&#x20;197.</ref> Gareng ga bone go ne go na le Kgafela wa bobedi, kgosana ya morafe wa Kgatla. Go dira gore batho ba gagwe ba nne le boitsholo jo bo tlwaelegileng, o ne a oketsa thata go itewa ga batho ba ba neng ba tlola molao. Kgafela le ba bangwe ba ba amegang ba ne ba pegwa molato wa bosenyi ka ntlha ya go dirisa kotlhao ka tsela e e sa siamang ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme kgotlatshekelo e ne ya kgaphela thoko kopo ya gagwe ya go sirelediwa, ya tlhomamisa gore dikgosi ga di na boipuso mme di laolwa ke molaotheo.<ref name=":97">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;157.</ref> Jaaka fa lekoko la BDP le ne le tlhopha boeteledipele jwa lekoko la yone ka ngwaga wa 2009, Khama o ne a tlhoma batho ba le bantsi ba A-Team mo dikomiting tse potlana tsa lekoko le fa Barata-Phathi e ne ya fenya ka nako ya mokgatlho wa lekoko.<ref name=":97" /><ref name=":98">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBotlhomilweSebudubuduMaripe2011|Botlhomilwe, Sebudubudu &#x26; Maripe 2011]], p.&#x20;335.</ref> Fa mokwaledi mogolo wa lekoko leo, Rre [[:en:Gomolemo_Motswaledi|Gomolemo Motswaledi]] a ne a rerisana le babueledi go botsa gore a ditiro tsa ga Khama di ka fa molaong, Khama o ne a dira gore a sekegiwe mo komiting. Morago ga go isa kgang kwa kgotlatshekelo, go ne ga fitlhelwa gore tautona yo o mo maemong ao ga a kgone go sekisiwa semolao, mme Khama o ne a emisa Motswaledi mo BDP gotlhelele.<ref name=":98" />Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2010, Khama o ne a emisa mme morago a ntsha maloko a mangwe a le mmalwa a lekalana le le mo teng ga lekoko la Barata-Phathi mo lekokong BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLotshwaoSuping2013|Lotshwao &#x26; Suping 2013]], pp.&#x20;354–355.</ref> Se se ne sa baka go kgaogana ga ntlha ga BDP ka Mopitlwe fa lekoko la Barata-Phathi le ne le tswa mo lekokong go bopa Mokgatlho wa Botswana wa Temokerasi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLotshwaoSuping2013|Lotshwao &#x26; Suping 2013]], p.&#x20;345.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBotlhomilweSebudubuduMaripe2011|Botlhomilwe, Sebudubudu &#x26; Maripe 2011]], p.&#x20;344.</ref> Molao wa Tirelosetšhaba o tsentswe tirisong ka ngwaga wa 2010, o dira gore badiredipuso ba dire ditshupetso ka ha molaong mo maemong mangwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;306.</ref> Mo ngwageng o o latelang, Mokgatlho wa Botswana wa Mekgatlho ya Badiri (BOFEPUSU) o ne wa etelela pele ditshupetso tsa dikgwedi di le pedi mo gare ga badiredipuso ba lefatshe go batla tuelo ya karolo ya lesome le borataro mo lekgolong, mme puso ya tsiboga ka go ntsha diketekete tsa badiri mo maemong a bone.<ref name=":96" /> Go ntshiwa ga batho go ne go okametswe ke [[:en:Mokgweetsi_Masisi|Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Tona ya Merero ya Botautona.<ref name=":99">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;307.</ref> Go ganetsa boemo jwa puso, BOFEPUSU e ne ya tlhofofatsa go kopanngwa ga makoko a magolo a kganetso go nna [[:en:Umbrella_for_Democratic_Change|Sekhukhu sa Phetogo ya puso ya batho ka batho]] (UDC).<ref name=":96" /> Setlhopha se sešwa se se ne se eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Duma_Boko|Duma Boko]], yo o neng a tsere taolo ya BNF ka ngwaga wa 2010 mme a laola dipuo tsa yona.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;715.</ref> Khama o ne a diragatsa diphetogo tse di nonofileng tsa tshomarelo ka nako ya botautona jwa gagwe, bogolo jang mabapi le go tsoma. Le fa ba ne ba opa diatla kwa mahatsheng a mangwe le go bopa leina la Botswana jaaka "kgakgamatso e tala", ba ne ba kopana le go kgobega marapo mo nageng ka ntlha ya ditsela tse di neng di dirisiwa go tswa kwa godimo go ya kwa tlase, bogolosegolo go tswa mo go ba ba nnang mo mafelong a a tlhomilweng a tshomarelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLaRoccoMogende2022|LaRocco &#x26; Mogende 2022]], p.&#x20;23.</ref> Melawana e e ne e akaretsa go oketsega ga mekgwa ya sesole e e kgatlhanong le go tsoma diphologolo; digongwana tse di kgatlhanong le go tsoma di ne di tsentswe ditlhobolo tse di itirisang go tlaleletsa melawana ya go thuntsha go bolaya kgatlhanong le batho ba ba belaelwang gore ke batsomi.<ref name=":94" /> Lekoko la BDP le ne la boloka bontsi jwa yone mo lekgotleng la peomolao morago ga [[:en:2014_Botswana_general_election|ditlhopho tse di latelang]], mme e le lekgetho la ntlha e ne ya dira jalo ka bontsi fela jwa ditlhopo tsa batho.<ref>[[Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;705.</ref> Ian Khama o ne a tlhoma Masisi go nna mothusa tautona wa gagwe.<ref name=":99" /> Tshwetso e ne ya tsosa kganetsano ka ntlha ya go tlhoka maitemogelo ga ga Masisi fa go bapisiwa le ditlhopho tse dingwe tse di ka kgonegang.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLaRoccoMogende2022|LaRocco &#x26; Mogende 2022]], p.&#x20;33.</ref> Go ya ka Mogae, Masisi o ne a tlhophiwa ka tlhaloganyo ya gore o tla tlhoma [[:en:Tshekedi_Khama_II|Tshekedi Khama]] [[:en:Tshekedi_Khama_II|wa bobedi]] go nna mothusa tautona morago ga go tsaya botautona ka boene.<ref name=":99" /> Botsalo Ntuane o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Mokwaledi Mogolo wa lekoko la BDP ka ngwaga 2015 mo seraleng sa twantsho tshenyetso setshaba le phetolo ya ditlhopho. Se se ne sa tshosetsa tlholego e e tseneletseng ya lekoko la BDP, mme Ntuane a bona mmaba wa sepolotiki kwa Masisi.<ref name=":99" /> Khama o ne a le bobaba mo bobegadikgannyeng, bogolo jang mo mafelong a a neng a sa dumalane le ditiro tsa puso ya gagwe. O ne a na le babegadikgang ba babedi ba ba neng ba latofadiwa ka [[:en:Sedition|botsuolodi]] ka ngwaga wa 2017, mme moragonyana ditatofatso di ne tsa latlhiwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;714.</ref> == Metswedi == 9uzxncpm2464wj7y2h4u0nv1a79p4u9 52754 52707 2026-07-19T09:16:38Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52754 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditso tsa lefatshe la Botswana''' di akaretsa tsa bogologolo le tsa ngwao ya kgaolo, go diriwa kolone ya [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Bechuanaland Protectorate]], le go nna Republic of [[Botswana]] gompieno. Batho ba ntlha ba motlha wa gompieno go nna mo Botswana e ne e le Basarwa, temothuo e tlhabolotswe dingwaga di ka nna dikete pedi, le makgolo a mararo a a fetileng. Batho bantsho ba Bantu ba ntlha ba gorogile dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi morago ga loso lwa ga Keresete, fa [[Batswana]] ba ntlha ba gorogile dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi morago. Batswana ba ne ba kgaogana ka ditlhopha tsa merafe mo dingwageng tse di dikete tse di latelang fa diphudugo mo kgaolong di tswelela, tse di neng tsa baka [[:en:Difaqane|Difaqane]] mo lekgolong la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi. Go amana le lefatshe le le kgolo le le naleng dikarolo la Europe ga ntlha go diragetse ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi lesome le borataro, mo go bakileng go diriwa Bakeresete ga batho ba kgaolo. Magosi a Batswana a a neng a na le thotloetso e kgolo a ne a ikopela go nna mo tlhokomelong ya lefatshe la [[United Kingdom]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano ka ba ne ba itemogela matshosetsi go tswa kwa [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|German South West Africa]] le mo Maburung. Batho ba Britain ba ne ba kgaoganya kgaolo go nna merafe e kgosi nngwe le nngwe e tlaa e etelelang pele, ba a fa dikgosi maatla a a fetang a ba neng ba na le one pele, mme ba ne ba nna le taolo e e lekanetseng fela mo lefatsheng. Puso ya Britain e ne ya nna le seabe se setlhagafetseng ka dinwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la ema nokeng go tsaya karolo ga Britain mo ntweng ya bobedi ya mafatshe, bontsi ba ne ba lwa e le bontlha jwa sesole sa [[Aferika|Aforika]] sa Auxiliary Pioneer Corps. Go lwela go laola go nnile teng ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a matlhano fa gare ga Kgosi ya [[Bangwato]] [[Seretse Khama]] le motlhatlhami wa gagwe [[Tshekedi Khama]]. Go nyala mosadi wa lekgoa ebong [[Ruth Williams Khama]] ga ga Seretse, go ne ga baka gore batho ba Britain ba mo thibele go nna mo [[Botswana]]. O ne a boa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a matlhano le borataro, ka a ne a na le kemo nokeng e kgolo, merafe e ne inaakanya le puso e e tlhophilweng fa letsholo la boipuso le tlhamiwa. Molao wa lefatshe o tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le motso, ga tlhamiwa diphathi tsa polotiki. Seretse o ne a nna moeteledipele wa [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|Bechuanaland Democratic Party]], e e neng e bueletswe ke puso ya Britain go busa morago ga boipuso, e ne ya nna le kemo nokeng e e tsitsibanyang mmele mo ditlhophong tsa ntlha tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le botlhano. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la neelwa boipuso jo bo tletseng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro. Ka maikaelelo a a nonofileng, Seretse le phathi ya gagwe ba ne ba tlhama puso ya batho ka batho ya bophirima ba simolola go tlhabolola dikago mo lefatsheng le e neng e le lengwe la a a neng a humanegile thata ka nako eo. Go ne ga lemogiwa fa go na le diteemane ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabongwe, mo go neng ga bopa sesha itsholelo ya Botswana. Kompone ya meepo ya [[Debswana]] e tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi, lefatshe la Botswana la nna la itsholelo e e golang ka bofefo thata go gaisa a mangwe mo Botswana. Phathi ya sepolotiki ya Botswana Democratic e ne ya tswelela e le yone phathi e e busang go tswa ka nako ya boipuso go fitlhelela phathi ya [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] e fenya ditlhopho tsa [[:en:2024_Botswana_general_election|ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone.]] == Ditso tsa pele ga bokolone == === Ditso tsa pele === [[Setshwantsho:Tsodilo Hills rock paintings4.jpg|thumb|metako ya magaga kwa Tsodilo mo ditsong tsa pele]] Lefatshe la Botswana la gompieno e ne e le sekgwa fela dingwaga di le didikadike tse di lesome tse di fitileng, dinoka di ne di le ditona go fetisa gompieno, di tshela kwa [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|letsheng la Makgadikgadi]].<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou, Thomas]]; [[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Campbell, Alec C]]. (1997) [1984]. ''[[History of Botswana]]'' (2nd&nbsp;ed.). Macmillan Botswana. ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/9991278087|&nbsp;<bdi>9991278087</bdi>.]]</ref> Batho ba sebopego sa ntlha sa Homo erectus ba ne ba nna mo kgaolong eo ka motlha wa lejwe.<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997,]] p.&nbsp;14.</ref> Didirisiwa tsa lejwe mo Botswana wa gompieno, di tshwana le dilepe, di tswa go o lowe, dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi tse di fitileng.<ref name=":4">Denbow, James R.; Thebe, Phenyo C. (2006). [[iarchive:culturecustomsof0000denb|''Culture and Customs of Botswana''.]] Greenwood Press. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33178-7|<bdi>978-0-313-33178-7</bdi>.]] [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/62118271 62118271.]</ref><ref name=":0">Klehm, Carla (28 June 2021). "Archaeology of Botswana". ''Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History''. doi:[https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/61663/chapter/553401196 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.792]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-027773-4|<bdi>978-0-19-027773-4</bdi>.]]</ref> Phudugo go ya sekakeng sa Kalahari go akanyediwa fa e diragetse pele ga legato la borataro dingwaga di le dikete di le lekgolo, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro tse di fitileng.<ref name=":0" /> Letsha la Makgadikgadi le simolotse go fokotsega dingwaga di le dikete di le masome matlhano tse di fitileng.<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997, p.&nbsp;17.]]</ref> Bagolagolwane ba merafe e e sa amaneng ka gope ba ba bidiwang Basarwa fa ba kgobokantswe, ba ne ba nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le masome mane go tsena masome a mararo tse di fitileng. Ba ka tswa e le bone batho ba ntlha go nna mo motlheng wa lejwe.<ref>[[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&nbsp;18, 23.</ref> Ba ne ba itlhoma go bapa le dinoka ka dipaka tsa komelelo, mme ba phatlalale le kgaolo ka nako ya dipula.<ref>[[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&nbsp;24.</ref>Go ne go itsewe fa ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a dikaganyeditseng [[letsha la Makgadikgadi]], ga mmogo le [[Tsodilo]] le GI.<ref name=":1">[[iarchive:culturecustomsof0000denb|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&nbsp;xv.</ref> Batho ba bangwe jaaka ba [[Nata]], Shua le Xani, go dumelwa fa ba gorogile morago ga Basarwa.<ref name=":2">Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997, p.&nbsp;23.</ref>[[:en:Rock_art|Botaki jwa matlapa]] bo simolotse dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a mararo tse di fetileng,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;58.</ref> Meepo ya specularite le hematite e simolotse ka nako e go tlhama dipente.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;48.</ref> Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a leruri a ne a amana le batho ba ntlha dingwaga di le 20,000 tse di fetileng.<ref name=":1" /> Thuto e e tseneletseng ya Aforika e e kwa borwa mo [[:en:Stone_Age|Motlheng wa Matlapa]] e ntse e lekanyeditswe.<ref name=":0" /> Batho ba ba farologaneng ba kgaolo e ne e le [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|batsomi-baphuthi]] ba ba neng ba sala ka ditlhopha tse dinnye mme ba dira kgwebo le ba bangwe.<ref name=":2" /> Go dumelwa gore setlhopha sengwe le sengwe e ne e le kokoanyo ya malapa a a sikanang a a neng a tshwere tshimo e e rileng, a eteletswe pele ke monna yo mogolo wa lelapa la tlhogo ya setlhopha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;25.</ref>Banna ba ne ba tsoma diphologolo tse dikgolo, fa basadi ba ne ba phutha dimela le go tshwara diphologolo tse dinnye.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref> Ditlhopha di ne di nyalana mme di dirisa thulaganyo ya magadi, xaro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;26.</ref> Mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse tse di fetileng, batho ba kgaolo eo ba ne ba tla ka dikgomo le dinku mo Botswana wa gompieno mme ba simolola go dira dinkgwana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;35.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;8.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;28.</ref>Temothuo e ne ya tlhabologa ka nako e mme batho ba ne ba simolola go nna mo metseng, e e neng ya tlhatloga le go wela tlase fa seemo sa loapi le ditlhaselo tsa dikgomo di ne di dira gore phitlhelelo ya leruo e fetofetoge.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;29–30.</ref>Gareng ga dijalo tsa ntlha e ne e le [[:en:Pearl_millet|mmidi wa perela]], [[:en:Finger_millet|mmidi wa menwana]], [[:en:Sorghum|mabele]], [[:en:Bambara_groundnut|matonkomane a Bambara]], [[:en:Cowpea|dinawa tsa kgomo]], le dimela tsa lelapa la [[:en:Cucurbitaceae|cucurbits]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref> Batho ba ntlha ba Bantu ba ne ba [[:en:Bantu_expansion|fudugela kwa kgaolong]] e dingwaga di le dikete tse pedi le dingwaga dile selete le makgolo a matlhano tse di fetileng, mme go kile ga dumelwa gore ke bone ba ba neng ba tlisa leruo la ntlha mo lefelong leno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;22–24, 28.</ref> [[:en:Kalanga_people|Batho ba Kalanga]] ke bone ba ntlha mo [[:en:Bantu_people|merafeng ya Bantu]] go nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, ba goroga c. 200 C.E.<ref name=":3">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Bagologolwane ba morafe wa ntlha wa [[:en:Tswana_people|Batswana]] (bongwe ''Motswana'', bontsi ''Batswana'') go fopholediwa fa ba gorogile c. 400 C.E.<ref name=":3" /> Batho ba ba Bantu ba ne ba tlisa didirisiwa tsa tshipi le tsa kopore mo kgaolong mme ba nna mo ditseleng tsa metsi tsa leruri.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;9.</ref> Ba ne ba aga mafelo a bonno a leruri a matlo a ka nna lesome go fitlhela lesome le botlhano a [[:en:Pole-and-daga|dipale le mmu]] nngwe le nngwe, go na le dikago tsa nakwana tsa Khoisan e e neng e tsamayatsamaya thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;44–45.</ref> BaKhoisan le Bantu ba ka tswa ba ne ba gweba le go nyalana mo pakeng e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;36.</ref> === Lekgolo la bosupa la dingwaga go fitlhela ka lekgolo la lesome le bone la dingwaga === Setlhopha sa batho ba Zhizo, batho ba Taukome, ba ne ba goroga mo Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa bosupa mme ba nna fa gare ga [[:en:Shashe_River|Noka ya Shashe]] le [[:en:Serorome_River|Noka ya Serorome]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;54–55.</ref><ref name=":5">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;10.</ref> Go nna le [[:en:Glass_bead|dipheta tsa galase]] go supa kgolagano ya pele le [[:en:Indian_Ocean_trade|kgwebo ya Lewatle la India]].<ref name=":5" /> Palo ya leruo le le ruiwang mo Botswana wa gompieno e ne ya oketsega thata fa gare ga ngwagakgolo wa borobabobedi le ngwagakgolo wa lesome.<ref name=":4" /> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba ithulaganya go nna mofuta wa puso ya morafe, e e bidiwang ''morafe'' (bontsi merafe), mongwe le mongwe o eteletswe pele ke kgosi e e bidiwang ''[[:en:Kgosi|kgosi]]'' (bontsi dikgosi).<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;28.</ref> Tsamaiso e e ne ya tlhagisa puso e e nang le maemo a a kwa godimo fa e bapisiwa le tse dingwe mo kgaolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;40.</ref> Dikgomo di ne tsa nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya setšhaba mo kgaolong, mme go nna mong wa dikgomo go ne go supa maemo a motho.<ref name=":6">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;11.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;46.</ref> Ditso tsa bogologolo tsa batho ba Tswana e sa ntse e sa itsiwe thata ka gonne go setse bosupi jo bonnye jwa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo.<ref name=":3" /> Ditsela tsa kgwebo di ne di golaganya merafe go ralala [[:en:Kalahari_Desert|Sekaka sa Kalahari]] ka makgolo ale borobabongwe morago ga ga Keresete,<ref name=":1" /> mme go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa ditsela go ralala kgaolo yotlhe mo lekgolong le le latelang la dingwaga, mme tsa fitlha kwa setlhoeng kwa Lewatleng la India.<ref name=":6" /><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Bangwe ba batho ba Eiland ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa ya gompieno go tsena mo Botswana wa gompieno mo bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;64.</ref> Batho ba Toutswe, ba bangwe ba morafe wa Zhizo, ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe mme ba nna setlhopha se se nonofileng go gaisa mo kgaolong, ba bona khumo ya bona ka go nna le dikgomo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;13.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;56.</ref> Go ne ga agiwa metse e meraro ya Ba-Toutswe kwa [[:en:Bosutswe|Bosutswe]], Sung, le [[:en:Toutswemogala|Toutswemogala]], mongwe le mongwe wa bone o ne o busa metse e mennye e e neng e e dikologile.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;57.</ref> Ka ngwagakgolo wa bo 12, Ba-Toutswe ba ne ba anametse kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;60.</ref> Boleng jwa ditlhagiswa bo ne jwa fetogafetoga fa kgwebisano e ntse e atolosiwa le ditšhaba di sele mme go ribololwa ga gauta go ne ga diragala, go fokotsa kgatlhego mo ditlhagisweng tsa sebilo le tsa diphologolo jaaka lonaka lwa tlou.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;27–28.</ref> Morafe mongwe kwa Tsodilo o ne o na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo kgwebong ya sebilo go fitlha e wa kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le bobedi la dingwaga.<ref name=":7">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Merafe e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana e ne e le kgakala le ditiragalo tse mme e ne ya sala e sa amege thata.<ref name=":8">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;28.</ref> Baagisani ba Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe le wa lesome le bobedi e ne e le batho ba [[:en:Leopard's_Kopje|Leopard's Kopje]] kwa botlhaba.<ref name=":9">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], pp.&#x20;12–13.</ref> <ref name=":10">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;61.</ref>Ba tlhomilwe la ntlha kwa [[:en:Bambandyanalo|Bambandyanalo]], ba ne ba nna batho ba bagolo mo kgwebong ya kgaolo mme ba fudugela kwa Mapungubwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe kwa ba neng ba bopa [[:en:Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe|Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;67–68.</ref> Ba ne ba bonela pele tlhotlheletso go ralala kgaolo fa gare ga ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bobedi.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> Batho ba Okavango Delta le batho ba Tsodilo mme morago ba ne ba patelesega go tlogela mafelo a bone a bodulo mo nakong e, se se ka tswang se bakilwe ke gore ba ne ba kgaotswe mo ditseleng tse dikgolo tsa kgwebo. Ke batho ba Khoe fela ba ba neng ba nna mo lefelong leo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou & Campbell 1997]], pp. 46, 81.</ref>Mapungubwe e ne ya wa ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro,<ref name=":11">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;14.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;69.</ref> mme metse ya Toutswe, e e neng e kgaotswe mo kgwebong, e ne ya wa mo nako e le nngwe.<ref name=":10" />Batho ba Mambo ba ne ba nna go dikologa [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]] ya gompieno mme ba nna le tlhotlheletso mo tikologong ya nako e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;80.</ref> Batho ba segompieno ba Tswana, [[:en:Khalagari_people|Khalagari]], le [[:en:Sotho_people|Sotho]] ba simolotse go bopega kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal mo e ka nnang ka lekgolo la lesome le bobedi la dingwaga.<ref name=":12">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Ba-Khalagari ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima kwa lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana.<ref name=":13">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;96.</ref> Batho ba Fokeng le bone ba ne ba tlhagelela kwa bophirima ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bobedi,<ref name=":14">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;93.</ref> mme batho ba Moloko ba ne ba tlhagelela ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro.<ref name=":12" /> Morafe wa tshimologo wa BaTswana, losika lwa bogosi lwa Phofu, o tlhodilwe kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro ke Mogale. Mo makgolong a dingwaga a a latelang, e ne ya kgaogana go nna merafe e le mmalwa ya Batswana, go akaretsa le merafe ya Bahurutshe, [[:en:Kwena_people|Kwena]], [[:en:Ngwaketse_people|Ngwaketse]], [[:en:Ngwato_people|Ngwato]], Tlharo, le batho ba ba [[:en:Ngwato_people|Kgatla]].<ref name=":13" /> [[:en:Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe|Bogosi jwa Zimbabwe]] bo ne jwa tlhagelela mme jwa ema mo boemong jwa Mapungubwe e le maatla a kgaolo ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro fa batho ba Gumanye ba ne ba nna le tlhotlheletso mo toropong ya [[:en:Great_Zimbabwe|Great Zimbabwe]], e e neng ya kgona go laola kgwebisano gaufi thata ka lefatshe la yone le le botlhokwa le ditsompelo tsa yone le go nna gaufi le lebopo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;77–78.</ref> Zimbabwe e ne e laola merafe e mentsi e e neng e le teng mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang bokonebotlhaba jwa Botswana,<ref name=":15">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xvi.</ref> mme kgwebisano ya gauta e ne ya nna selo se se neng se tlhotlheletsa itsholelo ya kgaolo eo.<ref name=":11" /> Zimbabwe e ne e latlhegelwa ke tlhotlheletso kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le bone la dingwaga, mme e ne ya wela mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Dinaga tse dingwe di le mmalwa di ne tsa tlhagelela morago ga go wa ga yone. [[:en:Kingdom_of_Butua|Bogosi jwa Butua]], jo bo neng jwa bopiwa ke [[:en:Kalanga_people|merafe ya Kalanga]], bo ne jwa tsaya maemo a Zimbabwe mo molelwaneng wa gompieno wa Botswana–Zimbabwe.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":15" /><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;98–100.</ref> Batho ba Tswana le [[:en:Pedi_people|Bapedi]] ba ne ba latela batho ba Khalagari kwa bophirima mo e ka nnang kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le bone<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> mme [[:en:Rolong_people|batho ba Rolong]] ba ne ba kgaogana ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Morolong.<ref name=":13" /> Kgosi Masilo go bolelwa fa a ne a busa merafe yotlhe ya bophirima jwa Tswana ka nako e, go fitlhela batho ba Tlharo ba kgaogana le puso ya gagwe. Morago ga moo go bolelwa fa lefelo le le ne le busiwa ke Malope kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref name=":14" /> === Lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga go fitlha ka lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga === [[Setshwantsho:Campbell - Thlapingkaptein en sy vrou.png|thumb|Setshwantsho sa monna wa Motswana le mosadi wa gagwe mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1800]] Batho ba baTswana ba ne ba fuduga fa gare ga Botswana wa gompieno ka ba ne ba fudusiwa ke batho ba naga le batho ba mmuso wa ga mmamosadinyana go tswa kwa borwa,<ref name=":16">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;19.</ref> mme ba ne ba le teng go ralala Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwaga sekete le makgolo a le marataro.<ref name=":17">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;703.</ref> Morafe wa ntlha wa BaTswana, losika lwa ga Phofu, lo ne lwa wela tlase kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;104.</ref> Diphudugo tse dikgolo tsa batho ba Kalanga le Sotho–Tswana di diragetse mo lekgolong la lesome le botlhano le la lesome le borataro la dingwaga.<ref name=":11" /> Batho ba ba Kalanga ba ne ba laola lefatshe le le fa gare ga [[:en:Motloutse_River|Noka ya Motloutse]] le [[:en:Makgadikgadi_Pan|Letsha la Makgadikgadi]] go fitlhela ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabobedi.<ref name=":7" /> Batho ba Hurutshe, Kgatla, le Kwena ba ne ba kgaogana le losika lwa segosi lwa ga Phofu kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal mo gare ga komelelo le dintwa tsa boswa, mme kgabagare ba fudugela kwa bokone go ya kwa Botswana wa gompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;10.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;97.</ref> Batho ba Ngwaketse le ba Ngwato ba ne ba kgaogana le Bakwena ka ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo a matlhano le boraro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;105.</ref> Batho bangwe ba kgaolo ba ne ba nna mo Motlheng wa Bofelo wa Leje go fitlha mo e ka nnang mo lekgolong la lesome le borataro la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;22.</ref> Batho ba Botswana wa gompieno ba simolodistse ditsela tse di telle tsa motsamao ko bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le bosupa, e tsamaelwa dikilometara tse makgolo go rekisa,go tsoma le go itsalanya le batho.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;108–109.</ref>Merafe e ne e kgona go kgaogana motlhofo abo e ipopa ka bongwe go tswa mo go ba bangwe ka gore dithoto tse dipotlana , le leruo tsa lefelo ne di kgona go tsmaisiwa motlhofo.<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":16" />Merafe ya botlhabatsatsi e ne e tshabellwa ke go kgaogana ka ntlha ya seele se se tona gareng ga toropo le ditshimo.<ref name=":18">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;392.</ref>Kgaogano gareng ga ditlhopa tsa baTswana e nnile mo gareng ga ngwagakgolong ya lesome le bosupa, e tlhalosa merafe ya segompieno.<ref name=":19">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;106.</ref>Merafe ya baTswana ba botlhabatsatsi e ne e nna e le maikaelelo a dintwa tsa [[:en:Griqua_people|batho ba Griqua]].<ref name=":18" /> Fa batho ba baTswana ba tswa bokone go ya Botswana wa borwa-bophirima wa segompieno ka ngwagakgolo ya lesome le bosupa , ba ne ba nna mo metseng e e neng e nna batho ba Kgalagari, ba ba tshwaetsa kgotsa ba ba ntsha. Batho ba ba Kwena le merafe ya bone ya lekala ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana wa segompieno ka fa tlase ga taolo ya [[:en:Kgabo_II|Kgabo wa bobedi]] ba bo ba nna gaufi le motse wa [[:en:Molepolole|Molepolole]].<ref name=":19" />Go ya ka setso sa molomo, bapatole ba e leng batho ba Herero le Mbanderu ba ne ba kgaogana go tswa mo bathung ba Mbunda ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bosupa fa ntwa tsa leruo la batswana le ne le phatlalatsa ditlhopa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref> le batho ba Bayeyi ba ne ba fudugela kwa Okavango Delta go ya kwa nokeng ya Chobe ka ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;8.</ref>Mo mafelong a mangwe, batho ba Kaa ba ne ba kgaogana go tswa mo bathong ba Rolong le batho ba Khurutse ba kgaogana le batho ba Bahurutshe, fa ditlhopa tsotlhe di fudugela kwa bokone.<ref name=":20">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;107.</ref>Batho ba Bashaga ba ne ba kopana le batho ba Kgalagari ko bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;110.</ref> State sa ntlha sa Tswana se tlhamilwe ke batho ba Ngwaketse bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi. Si state tse dingwe tsa Tswana di ne tsa tlhamiwa ka go latelana ke batho ba ba Kwena, batho ba Ngwato le batho ba ba Tawana mo dingwageng tse lesome tse nne di latela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;113.</ref> Ka se go ne ga tla ditlhabololo tsa ''mophato (''bontsi ''mephato),'' mephato ya sesole e e rulagantsweng k a dingwaga tsa setlhopa, gareng ga batho ba Tswana ba bophirima mo dingwageng tsa sekete le makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano''.''<ref name=":21">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;386.</ref>Batho ba le babedi ba Kgatla , batho ba Kgafela le batho ba ba Tlokwa, ba tsene mo nakong e ba bo ba tsaa taolo mo tikologong ya [[:en:Pilanesberg|Pilanesberg]] mo Aforika Borewng wa segompieno. Ba ne ba laola ka thata bontsi jwa batho mo lefelong leo mme ebile ba fentse dintwa tse pedi le batho ba Fokeng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], pp.&#x20;390–391.</ref>Tiriso ya mephato e ne ya phatlatsega kwa bathong ba Tswana ba kwa botlhaba kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo.<ref name=":21" />E ne e sa amogelwa go phutologilwe mo borwa === Difaqane === [[:en:Difaqane|Difaqane]], nako ya dintwa le phuduso mo borwa jwa Aforika , e diragetse kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi le tshimologo ya ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;17.</ref> Mo nakong ye, batho ba baTswana ba ne ba le mo '''kgonegong''' ya dintwa ke ditlhopa di le dintsi ,di akaretsa [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|Ndebele]], ba [[:en:Kololo_people|Kololo]], ba [[:en:Ngoni_people|Ngoni]],<ref name=":8" /> ba Pedi, le ba [[:en:Voortrekker|Voortrekkers]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;391.</ref>Bontsi jwa ditlhopa tsa ba Tswana di itlhopetse go boela morago ko ntlheng ga go lwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;394.</ref>Sese ne sa trigger phudugo e e extensive e e ralalang lefelo, go baka gore morafe wa ba Tswana o phatlalale thata abo o simolodisa bolengteng jo bo nonofileng gareng ga territory ya Botswana wa segompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;25.</ref>Ba ne ba nna thata mo [[:en:Hardveld|nageng e e thata]] e e dirang kgaolo ya botlhaba jwa Botswana wa gompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Batho ba Kwena le ba Ngwaketse ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa motseng wa [[:en:South_African_Republic|Transvaal]] go ya kwa ''lefelong la motlhaba''.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;18.</ref> Batho ba ntlha wa Kgatla go nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, batho ba Mmanaana, o ne wa fuduga go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le borobabongwe pele ga o nna kwa [[:en:Moshupa|Moshupa]] le [[:en:Thamaga|Thamaga]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMatemba2003|Matemba 2003]], p.&#x20;53, 56.</ref> Ke fela bangwe ba merafe ya Tswana ya bokonebophirima ba ba neng ba bolokwa mo go fudugeng kgotsa mo go kgorelediweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;393.</ref> Batho ba Kololo ba ne ba tlhasela merafe ya Tswana ya bokonebophirima ka ngwaga wa 1826, ba pateletsa BaKwena le BaNgwaketse go tswa mo dikgaolong tsa bona ka go farologana. Sebogo, molaodi wa morafe wa Ngwaketse, o ne a tsosa banna ba le dikete dile nne mo ''mephatong'' ya bone mme ba dikaganyetsa Dithubaruba kwa Bakololo ba neng ba nna teng. Ba bolaya batlhabani le baagi, ba kobela ruri Bakololo mo kgaolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], pp.&#x20;393–394.</ref> Merafe e ne ya tlhoma dinaga tsa yone gape ka dingwaga tsa bo 1840, ya tlhoma ditoropo le metsana e le mmalwa ya bogolo jo bo farologaneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;31.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;693.</ref><ref name=":22">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;114.</ref> Puso e ne e ikaegile ka ''[[:en:Kgotla|kgotla]]'', kopano ya dipuisano e mo go yone kgosi kgotsa moeteledipele wa kgaolo a neng a utlwa matshwenyego a bontsi jwa baagi ba banna pele a tsaya ditshwetso.<ref name=":34">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;695.</ref><ref name=":23">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;77.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1880, batho ba Tswana le ba Khalagari ba ne ba dirile Botswana yotlhe ya gompieno dikolone.<ref name=":20" /> === Barongwa ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe === Barongwa ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe ba ne ba goroga lantlha mo Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwaga wa 1816 ka [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]]. Setlhopha se le tse dingwe tsa barongwa di ne tsa dira go fetolela dikgosi mo Bokereseteng le go aga dikolo tsa barongwa.<ref name=":24">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;38.</ref> Morongwa [[:en:Robert_Moffat_(missionary)|Robert Moffat]] o ne a baya motse wa gagwe wa borongwa mo molelwaneng wa Botswana wa gompieno jaaka sekgoreletsi kgatlhanong le Maburu gore ba se ka ba kgona go ya kwa teng.<ref name=":8" /> Moffat o gatisitse mokwalo wa ntlha wa puo ya Setswana o o nang le mokwalo o o tshwanang fa a ne a simolola go ranola dikwalo tsa Sekeresete le go kwala thanodi ya Setswana. Tesetamente e Kgologolo le e Ntšhwa ka bobedi di ne di kgona go balwa ka Setswana ka ngwaga wa 1857.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;57, 65.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgopolo di le mmalwa tsa itsholelo tse di neng di le sewelo mo borwa jwa Aforika, go akaretsa sekoloto, dikonteraka tsa tirelo, le thulaganyo ya ''mafisa'' ya bahumi ba adima bahumanegi dikgomo go ba ananya ka tiro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;701.</ref> Gape ba ne ba na le kgopolo ya dithoto tse di fhapegileng ka bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe , mme banna ba ba nyetsweng le basadi ba ba nyetsweng ba ne ba na le tshwanelo ya ditshwanelo tsa lefatshe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;698.</ref> Banna ba ne ba disa dikgomo fa basadi ba ne ba lema dijalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;31–32.</ref> Mabele e ne e le sejalo se se neng se lengwa thata mo kgaolong eo mo lekgolong la lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. Naga e ne e le teng thata, fela komelelo e ne e raya gore temothuo e ne e sa tlhomama.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;34.</ref> Bagwebi ba lefatshe la Britain ba gorogile ka dingwaga tsa bo 1830 mme ba dira ditirisano le dikgosi.<ref name=":24" /> Go tla ga baagi ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe ba ba neng ba nna gaufi le foo go ne ga dira gore merafe ya Batswana e kgone go ikamanya le itsholelo ya lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Kgosi [[:en:Sechele_I|Sechele]] [[:en:Sechele_I|wa ntlha]] wa batho ba Bakwena o ne a dirisa ditsela tse dišwa tsa kgwebo, a netefatsa taolo ya kgwebo ya lefatshe la Britain ya morafe wa gagwe.<ref name=":22" /> Morongwa wa kwa Scotland e bong [[:en:David_Livingstone|David Livingstone]] o ne a goroga mo Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1845, kwa a neng a tlhoma lekgotla la [[:en:Kolobeng_Mission|Kolobeng Mission]]. Se e ne e le tshimologo ya go nna le seabe mo go bokete ga karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe mo merafeng ya Batswana fa ba ne ba tlhoma ditsela tsa kgwebisano tsa dikontinente tse di farologaneng.<ref name=":15" /> Moaparo wa Bophirima o ne wa amogelwa kwa ditoropong go ralala ngwagakgolo otlhe mme o kopanngwa le diaparo tsa setso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;120–121.</ref> Mo maitekong a mangwe a go kgoreletsa Maburu, Livingstone o ne a fa batho ba Kwena ditlhobolo. Sechele e ne e le motho wa ntlha yo Livingstone a neng a mo sokololela mo Bokereseteng, mme morago ga moo kgosi e ne ya ithaopela go sokolola banna ba gagwe ba tlhogo a dirisa disefe tsa letlalo la tshukudu.<ref name=":25">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Bogosi jwa Butua jwa batho ba Kalanga bo ne jwa wa ka ngwaga wa 1840.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;100.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba lebana le kgotlhang go tswa mo ditlhopheng tse dingwe mo kgaolong, mme ya goroga kwa setlhoeng ka dingwaga tsa bo 1850. Batswana ba le bantsi, bogolosegolo merafe ya Kwena le Ngwato, ba ne ba lwa kgatlhanong le merafe ya Maaforikanere le ya MaZulu kwa botlhaba jwa Sekaka sa Kalahari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;195.</ref> Ba-Kwena le Ba-Mmanaana ba ne ba lwantsha Maburu go tswa kwa Transvaal ka ngwaga wa 1852, ba sireletsa kgaolo ya bone mme ba fedisa go atologa ga setšhaba go ya kwa bophirima.<ref name=":26">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;396.</ref> Batswana ba ne ba bona ditlhopha tsa barongwa e le tsela ya go tshabela mo batlhaseding, ba rotloetsa go sokologela mo Bokereseteng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;196.</ref> Sechele o ne a kopa tshireletso ya lefatshe la Britain ka 1853 go fedisa dintwa tsa kgaolo, mme o ne a ganwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;107.</ref> Baeng ba Europa ba ne ba tlwaelesegile thata mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga fa batsomi, batlhotlhomisi, le bagwebi ba ne ba batla dipoelo le go bona dilo tse di kgatlhang mo kgaolong eo.<ref name=":25" /> Ba le bantsi ba ne ba kwala [[:en:Travel_book|dibuka tsa maeto]] ka ga lefelo leo, tse e neng e le dingwe tsa dikgatiso fela tse e seng tsa thuto ka ga Botswana wa gompieno ka nako eo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;65–66.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1860, go fuduga go tswa mo kgaolong go ne ga oketsega fa banna ba Batswana ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya go bereka kwa meepong ya Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;96.</ref> Go ribololwa ga Masimo a [[:en:Tati_Goldfields|Gauta a Tati]] go ne ga tsosa go batla gauta ga ntlha ga karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe kwa Borwa jwa Aforika ka ngwaga wa 1868.<ref name=":24" /> Kampa ya pele ya meepo e e neng ya tlhongwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1870 e ne ya atologa thata fa e ne e nna lefelo le legolo la terena fa gare ga [[:en:Cape_Province|kgaolo ya Cape]] le [[:en:Bulawayo|Bulawayo]], mme ya nna toropokgolo ya ntlha ya Botswana, e leng [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;15, 29.</ref> Mo nakong e mo hisitoring ya Botswana, dikgosi tse dikgolo tsotlhe e ne e le Bakeresete.[92] Ntwa magareng ga Bakwena le BaKgafela ka ngwaga wa 1875.<ref name=":26" />Kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga di le lesome, kgosi [[:en:Khama_III|Khama wa boraro]] wa batho ba Ngwato o ne a gapa taolo ya kgwebisano ya Borithane mo bathong ba Kwena.<ref name=":22" /> == Tshireletso ya lefatshe la Bechuanaland == ''Setlhogo se segolo: [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]]'' Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le tshaba tlhotlheletso e e oketsegang ya lefatshe la Germany mo kgaolong, mme e ne ya dumela go bopa [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]].<ref name=":27">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom & Bolt 2018]], p. 40.</ref><ref name=":28">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;23.</ref> Makgowa a Britain a ne a eletsa go somarela tlhotlheletso ya yone mo merafeng ya Batswana, ka a ne a neelana ka kgolagano magareng ga borwa le bogare jwa Aforika.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Dikgosi tsa Tswana di ne di tshaba go tsenelelwa ke [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|Jeremane ya Aforika Borwa Bophirima]] le [[:en:Afrikaners|Maaforikaner]],<ref name=":29">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;161.</ref> mme di ne di dumela gore tsela e nngwe ya taolo ya Borithane e ne e le bokoloniale jwa baagi ke Jeremane.<ref name=":30">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;694.</ref> Ba ne ba eletsa gape go tila go wela ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Aforika Borwa kgotsa moeteledipele wa meepo [[:en:Cecil_Rhodes|Cecil Rhodes]], le fa tshireletso e santse e iphitlhela e ikaegile ka Aforika Borwa mo itsholelong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;197.</ref> Kgaolo e ne e kgaogantswe go nna lefatshe la merafe le le busiwang ke dikgosi le [[:en:Crown_land|lefatshe la segosi]] le le laolwang ke United Kingdom.<ref name=":29" /> Merafe e borobarobedi e ne ya amogelwa ke Maesemane fa go ne go tlhodiwa protectorate. Tse nne tse dikgolo di ne tsa fiwa dipolokelo tsa merafe: Bakwena, BaNgwaketse, BaNgwato le BaTawana. Gape go ne ga lemogiwa tse tharo tse dinnye: tsa Kgatla, tsa [[:en:Tlokwa_people|Tlokwa]] le tsa ga [[:en:Malete_people|Malete]]. Ba borobedi, ba Tshidi, ba ne ba fiwa lefelo la polokelo le le kgabaganyang molelwane magareng ga naga e e sireleditsweng le Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;30n1.</ref> Fa maloko a merafe e mennye e e seng ya Batswana a ne a letleletswe go tsaya karolo mo setšhabeng le pusong ya Batswana, ba ne ba sa fiwa dipolokelo tsa merafe tsa bona.<ref name=":17" /> Go tsenngwa ga dipolokelo tsa merafe go ne ga fetola mofuta wa puso ya Motswana, ka merafe e ne e sa tlhalosiwe thata mo nakong e e fetileng mme e ne e ka atolosiwa kgotsa ya sutisiwa. Ka dikgaolo di kgaogantswe ka dipuso tsa merafe, baagi ba ne ba sa tlhole ba kgona go tswa mo morafeng motlhofo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;46–47.</ref><ref name=":31">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;24.</ref> Tshireletso kwa tshimologong e ne ya atologela kwa Ngwato, e fitlha go tswa go didikirii di le masome a mabedi le bobedi kwa borwa go ya kwa [[:en:Molopo_River|Nokeng ya Molopo]], mme e ne ya atolosiwa go ya kwa didikiriing di le lesome le borobabobedi kwa borwa go fitlhela kwa Nokeng ya Chobe ka ngwaga wa 1890.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":32">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;30.</ref>Se se ne sa tlamela Maborithane ka badiri ba bantsi ka fa tlase ga taolo ya yona mme sa bopa sekgoreletsi se segolo sa go lekanyetsa bokoloniale jwa Jeremane.<ref name=":32" /> Batho ba bangwe ba Tswana ba ne ba nna kwa borwa jwa tshireletso mme moragonyana ba ne ba tsenngwa mo Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":28" /> Batho ba ga Kgafela ba ne ba nna kwa [[:en:Mochudi|Mochudi]] ka ngwaga wa 1887. Setlhopha se sa Kgatla se ne sa nna le tlhotlheletso ka bonako mo kgaolong mme leina la sone la nna seka-Kgatla.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMatemba2003|Matemba 2003]], p.&#x20;53.</ref>Masole a Borithane a a neng a eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Charles_Warren|Charles Warren]] a ne a goroga ka ngwaga wa 1891 go tlhoma tshireletso semmuso.<ref name=":29" /> Puso ya yone e ne ya tlhalosiwa, mme ga tlhomiwa mookamedi go nna tlhogo ya yone. Mookamedi o ne a fiwa dithata tse di anameng mo tshireletsong, fa fela a ne a tlotla molao wa morafe o o neng o tlhomilwe pele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;45.</ref> Motsemogolo wa yone e ne e le toropo ya Aforika Borwa ya Vryburg, go supa gore babusi ba bokoloniale ba ne ba sa nne mo tshireletsong mme ba ne ba sa amege ka tlhamalalo mo mererong ya yona.<ref name=":33">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;41.</ref>Go na le moo, mookamedi yo mogolo o ne a dira ka bathusa-baokamedi ba babedi, mme mookamedi wa kgaolo o ne a tlhofofatsa go ikgolaganya le merafe e e farologaneng.<ref name=":35">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;229.</ref> Go tsenngwa ga puso ya Borithane mo Aforikaborwa go ne go raya gore Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland e ne e ikaegile ka yona mo itsholelong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;162.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne e dumela gore Bechuanaland Protectorate ke setheo sa nakwana fela mme e ne e solofetse gore e tla tloga e tsewa ke kolone ya Borithane.<ref name=":37">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;115.</ref> Fa go ntse jalo, e ne e dumela gore tshireletso e e kgonang go itshedisa e tla ja madi a mannye go e tlhokomela.<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":41">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;108.</ref> Ka ntlha ya mabaka a, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya gapeletsa taolo e nnye fela e e tlhamaletseng ya Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland.<ref name=":23" /> Dikgosi di ne di akola dikgang tse mme tsa kgona go ithatafatsa le go ikhumisa; ba ne ba boloka boipuso jo bo anameng, fela tshegetso ya bokoloniale e ne e raya gore ba ne ba sa tlhole ba tlhoka tumelelo ya merafe go tshegetsa puso.<ref name=":36">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;41–42.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;66–67.</ref>[ Puso ya merafe e ne ya nna ya seemanosi, se se neng sa baka go gataka ditshwanelo tsa batho le go tlhaola basadi le merafe e mennye.<ref name=":38">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], pp.&#x20;161–162.</ref> === Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa tshireletso === {{Multiple image|total_width=300|image1=Chief-khama-III.jpg|image2=Sebele I by Fritsch 1865.jpg|image3=Bathoen I in london1895.jpg|footer=Khama III, Sebele I le Bathoen I, ba ba neng ba kgona go tlhotlheletsa puso ya Borithane gore e se ka ya tsenya Bechuanaland Protectorate mo taolong ya Khamphani ya British South Africa.|direction=Horizontal}} Batho ba lefatshe la Britain ba ne a rulagantse gore kwa bofelong ba akaretse Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland mo Kopanong ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":31" /> Mo dingwageng morago ga go tlhamiwa ga tshireletso, United Kingdom e ne ya tsena mo dipuisanong le Cecil Rhodes go e tsenya mo [[:en:British_South_Africa_Company|komponeng ya Aforika Borwa ya Borithane]].<ref name=":27" /> Fa ba araba, dikgosi tse tharo tse di nang le tlhotlheletso thata—Khama wa boraro wa Ba-Ngwato, Sebele Iwa ntlha wa Ba-Kwena, le Bathoen wa ntlha wa Ba-Ngwaketse—ba ne ba tsaya loeto lwa bodipolomate go ya kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka ngwaga wa1895 mme ba dira gore puso e se ka ya wetsa tumalano eo.<ref name=":33" /><ref name=":39">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xvii.</ref>Se se ne sa tlhoma sekao sa dikgosi tse di dirisanang le makgoa a lefatshe la Briritsh jaaka setlhopha se se kopaneng<ref name=":40">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;704.</ref> mme sa kwala batho ba bararo ba jaaka batho ba ntlha mo ditsong tsa Botswana jaaka setšhaba se le sengwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Tsela e Rhodes a neng a tshwara [[:en:Jameson_Raid|Jameson Raid]] ka yone e e neng ya palelwa e ne ya kgoba makgowa a lefatshe la British marapo mme dipuisano tsa busediwa morago go ya go ile.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;30–31.</ref> Go ketekwa ga dikgosi tse go ne ga felela ka go gatisiwa ga Dikgosi tse Tharo tse dikgolo tsa Aforika: ''Khamé'', ''Sebéle'' le ''Bathoeng'' ke Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa lefatshe la London ka one ngwaga oo. Mokwalo o o [[:en:Founding_myth|tlhagisitse tlhamane]] e e simolotseng ya gore merafe ya bone e meraro ka go farologana e tlhodilwe ke bakaulengwe ba bararo.<ref name=":42">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;670.</ref> Gape ka ngwaga wa 1895, motsemogolo o ne wa fudusiwa go tswa kwa Vryburg go ya kwa toropong e nngwe ya Aforika Borwa, [[:en:Mafeking|Mafeking]],<ref name=":33" />mme kompone ya Marope a Bogologolo e ne ya kwadisiwa go epa marope a pele ga ditso kwa Bechuanaland le Rhodesia go batla gauta.<ref name=":32" /> Tshireletso e ne ya amiwa thata ke go runya ga bolwane mo diphologolong ya Aforika ya dingwaga tsa bo 1890, ya latlhegelwa ke dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa leruo la yona le diphologolo tsa naga.<ref name=":39" /> [[:en:1890s_African_rinderpest_epizootic|Seporo sa tshireletso se agilwe ka]] [[:en:1890s_African_rinderpest_epizootic|ngwaga wa 1897]] jaaka mola o mogolo wa phetiso ya bokone–borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;226.</ref> Fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le tsosa [[:en:Pioneer_Column|setlhopa sa Babulatsela]] go ya ntweng le batho ba Ndebele, [[:en:Khama_III|Khama wa boraro]] wa Ngwato o ne a thusa ka go romela masole.<ref name=":43">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;32.</ref> Botswana e ne ya nna lefelo la [[:en:Jameson_Raid|tlhaselo ya ga Jameson]] ka 1896.<ref name=":39" /> Morafe wa Kgatla moragonyana o ne wa nna karolo ya [[:en:Boer_War|Ntwa ya Maburu]], o lwa mmogo le Sesole sa Borithane.<ref name=":43" /> Itsholelo ya pele ya bokoloniale ya Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland e ne ya nna e tshwana thata le itsholelo ya pele ga bokoloniale.<ref /> United Kingdom e ne e dirisa thata naga ya tshireletso jaaka tlamelo ya badiri, e fa Batswana ba ba neng ba fudugela kwa borwa go ya go bereka mo meepong dituelo tse di kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;42.</ref> Makgetho le one a ne a tsenngwa, go simolola ka [[:en:Hut_tax|lekgetho la ntlwana]] ka ngwaga wa 1899, le le neng la emisediwa ka [[:en:Poll_tax|lekgetho la ditlhopho]] ka ngwaga wa 1909.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Lekgetho la selegae le ne la tsenngwa moragonyana ka ngwaga wa 1919.<ref name=":44">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;31.</ref>Makgetho a bokoloniale kwa Tshireletsong ya Bechuanaland a ne a le kwa godimo go feta a dikoloni tse di mabapi, mme se sa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba fudugele kwa borwa, mme dikgosi di ne tsa letlelela go abelana maatla ka bopelotshweu le baagi go ba rotloetsa go nna.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;43–44.</ref> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la akanyetsa go kopanya tshireletso mo Aforika Borwa jaaka e ne e [[:en:South_Africa_Act_1909|kopanya dikoloni tsa yona tsa borwa jwa Aforika]], fela kwa bofelong e ne ya di kopanya ka itsholelo ka go tlhama Kopano ya Melelwane ya Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":39" /> ya kopana ka ngwaga wa 1910.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;137.</ref> Boloko bo ne bo dira gore tshireletso e nne le karolo tse pedi mo lekgolong fela ya lotseno lwa bokopano.<ref name=":44" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1910, merafe yotlhe ya Batswana e ne e amogetse Bokeresete.<ref name=":24" />Bechuanaland e ne ya romela masole a le makgolo a le mmalwa go thusa Sesole sa Borithane ka nako ya [[:en:World_War_I|Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya ntlha]].<ref name=":43" /> Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London o ne wa iphitlhela o wela tlase ka nako eo, mme ka iketlo o ne wa latlhegelwa ke tlhotlheletso mo pusong e e neng e sireleditswe.<ref name=":42" /> [[:en:Sebele_II|Sebele wa bobedi]] o ne a nna kgosi ya Kwena ka ngwaga wa 1918, a tlhatlhama rraagwe, [[:en:Sechele_II|Sechele]] [[:en:Sechele_II|wa bobedi]]. Sechele II o ne a thulana le Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London o o neng o laola, a letlelela go nna teng ga Anglican le go busetsa mekgwa e mentsi ya setso e e jaaka go nyala basadi ba le bantsi, go dira pula le ''[[:en:Bogwera|bogwera]]''. Sebele II o ne a tswelela ka kgwetlho ya ga rraagwe kwa Mokgatlhong wa Barongwa wa London, go ngongorega ga puso ya Borithane.<ref /> Puso e e gabedi ya dikgosi le tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya dira gore tsamaiso e nne thata, ka jalo tsamaiso e ne ya tlhama makgotla a mabedi a bagakolodi go lekalekanya balaodi bao.<ref name=":44" /> Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Batswana (moragonyana Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Aforika) le ne la tlhongwa ka ngwagawa 1919.<ref name=":35" />Kopano e ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya dikgosi le batho ba bangwe ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso mo tshireletsong e ne ya letla puso ya Borithane go utlwa le go laola merafe mmogo go na le ka bongwe.[<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;47–49.</ref>] Khama wa boraro wa Ngwato o ne a gana go tsaya karolo, a supa bokoa jwa tiragatso ya thibelo ya bojalwa mo morafeng wa borwa. Khama wa boraro o ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1923<ref name=":45">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;230.</ref> mme a tlhatlhangwa ke [[:en:Sekgoma_II|Sekgoma]] [[:en:Sekgoma_II|wa bobedi]], yo o neng a direla go fitlha a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1926.<ref name=":45" /> Morwa wa ga Sekgoma e bong [[:en:Seretse_Khama|Seretse Khama]] o ne a sa ntse a le lesea, ka jalo [[:en:Tshekedi_Khama|Tshekedi Khama]] o ne a nna mmusi.<ref name=":46">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Tshekedi o ne a lemogwa jaaka moemedi wa merafe yotlhe ya Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;25.</ref> Fa Seretse a ntse a gola, Tshekedi o ne a gatelela gore a fiwe [[:en:Liberal_education|thuto e e gololesegileng]] go na le gore a romelwe kwa sekolong sa madirelo sa Rhodesia.<ref>Samatar 1999, p.&#x20;179.</ref> === Tlhabololo le tlhotlheletso e e oketsegileng ya Borithane === Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1920, kgosi Isang Pilane wa batho ba Kgatla o ne a okametse sekema sa ntlha se segolo sa tlhabololo ya metsi sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland , a dira gore go epiwe metswedi ya metsi e le lesomethataro, mme di le supa tsa tsone di ne tsa nna ditlamelo tsa metsi tse di atlegileng. Tse e ne tsa tlwaelega thata mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang fa puso ya Borithane e ne e kgatlhegela go atolosa itsholelo ya tshireletso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;70.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1930, Isang Pilane le Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Batswana ba ne ba dira gore dikhuti di nne tse di hapegileng, ka gonne di ne di sa tlhokomelwe ka fa tlase ga bong jo bo kopanetsweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], pp.&#x20;699–700.</ref> Komelelo e e masisi e ne ya nna teng mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1930, ya bolaya go feta karolo ya masome a marataro mo lekgolong ya dikgomo tsa tshireletso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;69.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne ya tsaya karolo e e matlhagatlhaga mo pusong ya tshireletso go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1930.<ref name=":47">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;58.</ref><ref name=":41" />Mo ngwageng oo, e ne ya simolola go tlamela ka matlole ka tlhamalalo go tshireletso.<ref name=":48">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;63.</ref> Charles Rey o ne a tlhomiwa go nna molaodi wa Moagi wa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland, mme o ne a na le maikarabelo a go rulaganya itsholelo sešwa go dikologa dikgomo tsa go romelwa kwa ntle.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;55–56.</ref> Maiteko a go fetola tshireletso go ya kwa tlhabololong ya meepo le temothuo ya kgwebo a ne a lekwa mme a bona a kgarametswa morago go tswa mo dikgosing.<ref name=":37" /> Molaodi wa Moagi Rey o ne a thulana le kgosi Sebele wa bobedi, mme a dira gore a lelekwe ka 1931. Sebele II o ne a emisediwa ka morwarraagwe yo mmotlana, Kgari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;79.</ref> Dikgato tse dingwe di ne tsa lekwa ke puso ya Borithane ka 1934 go thibela maatla a a sa laolweng a dikgosi morago ga go menolwa ga ga Sebele II. Dikgato tseno di ne tsa laela makgotla a bagakolodi a dikgosi di neng di tshwanetse go buisana le one mme di ne di batla gore puso ya Borithane e newe phitlhelelo ya direkoto tsa kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;69–70.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;49.</ref> Kgosi [[:en:Bathoen_II|Bathoen wa bobedi]] wa Ngwaketse le moemedi Tshekedi Khama wa Ngwato ba ne ba ntsha kgwetlho ya semolao mo maitekong a. Le fa kgotlatshekelo ya Borithane e ne ya atlhola kgatlhanong le kgwetlho, dipholisi tse dišwa ga di ise di ko di tsenngwe tirisong ka botlalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;72–73.</ref><ref name=":49">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;50.</ref> Dithibelo tse dingwe di ne tsa amogelwa ka kgoeletso ya bokoloniale go lekanyetsa bokgoni jwa dikgosi go lefisa makgetho le go gapa dikgomo tse di timetseng.<ref name=":39" /> Molaodi yo mošwa wa baagi, [[:en:Charles_Arden-Clarke|Charles Arden-Clarke]], o ne a tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 1936 mme a dira gaufi le dikgosi.<ref name=":49" /> === Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II === Dipoifo tsa tlhaselo ya Jeremane kwa Bechuanaland di ne tsa gola pele ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi ka ntlha ya boemo jwa yone jwa togamaano fa gare ga dikoloni tsa Boritane tse di fa gare le tse di kwa borwa mo Aforika. Malatsi a le lesome le bongwe pele ga ntwa e itsisiwe, puso ya Borithane e ne ya tlhagisa naga e e sireleditsweng gore e nne e le mo seemong se se siameng, mme masole a sesole a ne a rulaganngwa. Malatsi a le manè morago ga gore Borithane e bolele ntwa kgatlhanong le lefatshe la Germany, Molaodi wa Moagi Arden-Clarke o ne a tshwara kopano le dikgosi kwa ba neng ba solofetsa go tshegetsa maiteko a ntwa ka botlalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;32–33.</ref> Letsatsi le le latelang, khomišene e kgolo e ne ya ntsha kgoeletso ya [[:en:Emergency_powers|dithata tsa tshoganyetso]] tse di neng tsa e fa taolo e e feletseng mo tirong ya setšhaba mo tshireletsong, fela dikgosi di ne tsa itsisiwe gore di tla nna le maikarabelo a bontsi jwa tiragatso le go boloka kagiso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;33–34.</ref> Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi di ne di batlile go se go nne le tshusumetso epe mo bathong ba Bechuanaland, mme bontsi bo ne bo na le kakanyo e e sa tlhamalalang fela ya gore ntwa e ne e le teng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;34.</ref> Tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya ngotlega fa palo e kgolo ya baagi ba basweu ba ne ba ikwadisa mo Sesoleng sa Boritane. Ba ba neng ba setse ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo mo thulaganyong ya tshireletsego fa go ka direga gore borwa jwa Aforika bo nne letlhakore le lengwe mo ntweng.<ref name=":50">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;35.</ref> Kgatlhanong le dikeletso tsa dikgosi, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya rotloetsa Batswana ba ba neng ba eletsa go direla le Sesole sa Borithane go ikwadisa le Sesole sa Batswana sa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;38.</ref> Banna ba Batswana ba ka nna makgolo a supa ba ne ba ikwadisa le setlhopha seno.<ref name=":51">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;50.</ref> Go tlhokomela Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland go ne ga nna selo se se kwa tlase mo lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka nako ya Kwelotlase e Kgolo ya itsholelo le Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi,<ref name=":41" /> mme tshireletso ga e a ka ya amogela matlole ape go tswa kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka nako ya ntwa.<ref name=":48" /> Mmusomogolo wa Borithane o ne o na le taolo e nnye mo Bechuanaland fa o bapisiwa le dikgaolo tsa one tse dingwe, mme maiteko a Borithane a go laola tlhagiso ya nako ya ntwa mo tshireletsong a ne a sa atlege.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;124.</ref> Ntwa e ne ya fetola thata itsholelo ya tshireletso fa e ntse e tswelela, ya tlhagisa tlhaelo, go aba dijo, le ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;123.</ref> [[:en:Profiteering|Go dira dipoelo]] le go [[:en:Price_gouging|fokotsa ditlhwatlhwa]] go ne go tlwaelesegile, mme puso ya bokoloniale, e e neng e sa kgone go gagamatsa [[:en:Price_control|ditaolo tsa ditlhwatlhwa]], e ne ya dirisa [[:en:Gentlemen's_agreement|ditumalano tsa banna]] le bagwebi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;138.</ref> Makgetho a ne a tlhatlosiwa mme mananeo a Letlole la Tlhabololo ya Bokoloniale di ne tsa fokodiwa kwa tshimologong ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi go tlhoma boipuso jwa matlole go tswa mo mmusomogolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;125–126.</ref> Kgoeletso ya Taolo ya Madirelo a Leruo ya ntlha ya ngwaga wa 1940 e ne ya fetisiwa go duedisa dikgomo lekgetho, madirelo a a magolo a tshireletso, mme fela e ne ya kopana le kganetso e e boitshegang go tswa kwa Batswaneng le Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la kaorolokgolong ya lefatsa ya Europe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;136.</ref> Letlole la ntwa le ne le dira kwa Bechuanaland, mme le fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le solohetse gore meneelo e nne ya boithaopo, dikgosi di ne tsa dirisa taolo ya tsone mo merafeng ya tsone go pateletsa meneelo. E ne ya emisediwa ka lekgetho ka ngwaga wa1941, fela se se ne se sa ratwe thata mme sa itshupa se le thata go se diragatsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;128–131.</ref> === Botsayakarolo jwa Batswana mo Ntweng ya Lefatshe II === [[Setshwantsho:Bechuanaland Boys cleaning Aa Guns in the Twilight after Action, Syracuse, Sicily Art.IWMARTLD4576.jpg|thumb|Basimane ba Bechuanaland ba phepafatsa Ditlhobolo tsa Aa mo Lefifing morago ga Tiragalo, Syracuse, Sicily, tiro ya botaki ya 1944 e e dirilweng ke [[:en:Leslie_Cole_(artist)|Leslie Cole]]]] Go thapiwa ga sesole go simolotse kwa Bechuanaland ka ngwaga wa 1941.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;34–35.</ref> Banna ba ka nna dikete tse tlhano le makgolo a matlhano ba ne ba katisiwa mme ba romelwa kwa ntweng mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse thataro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Banna ba bangwe ba Batswana ba le dikete tse tlhano ba ne ba tsenelela ntwa ka ngwaga wa 1942.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;46.</ref> Ka kakaretso, masole a ka nna dikete tse lesome le bongwe go tswa kwa Bechuanaland a ne a lwa mmogo le Sesole sa Borithane ka nako ya ntwa.<ref name=":50" /> Ba feta dikete tse lesome ba bone ba ne ba direla mo Sesoleng sa Boritane sa [[:en:African_Auxiliary_Pioneer_Corps|Babulatsela ba ba Thusang ba Aforika]].<ref name=":51" /> Dikgosi ka tlwaelo di ne di na le tshwanelo ya go [[:en:Conscript|kwadisa]] masole, mme di ne di itlhokomolosa dikeletso tsa puso ya bokoloniale tsa gore tirelo ya sesole e nne ya boithaopo gotlhelele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;44–46.</ref> Moemedi Tshekedi Khama wa Ngwato o ne a dira gore a se ka a ratwa ke batho ka go dirisa go tsenngwa mo sesoleng jaaka sedirisiwa sa taolo, a go dirisa sebetsa go didimatsa batshwayadiphoso le baganetsi ba sepolotiki.<ref name=":52">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Banna ba ba neng ba eletsa go tila go tsenela bosole ka dinako tse dingwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Aforika Borwa kgotsa kwa mafelong a a kgakala jaaka metlhaba ya [[:en:Okavango_Delta|noka e phatlallang ya Okavango]] le [[:en:Kgalagadi_Transfrontier_Park|sekgwa sa Kgalagadi]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;47.</ref> Ba bangwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgato tsa go itlhokomela ka bonako, jaaka go epa dikhutsi fa bathapi ba ne ba etela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;55.</ref> Dikgosi di ne di eletsa go dirisa go tsaya karolo ga tsone mo ntweng go bona ditshwanelo tse dingwe mo teng ga Mmusomogolo wa Borithane, mme di ne di tshaba gore go fenngwa ga Borithane go tla ba dira babusiwa ba Jeremane kgotsa Aforika Borwa, e leng phelelo e ba neng ba eletsa go e tila.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;39–40.</ref> Maiteko a ntwa gape e ne e le tshono ya go busetsa banna ba Batswana ba ba neng ba fudugetse kwa Aforika Borwa go ya go dira ditiro tsa meepo; dikgosi di ne di eletsa go fedisa mokgwa o mme di ne di ikutlwa di ka dira jalo ka go neelana ka ditiro tsa sesole.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;41–43.</ref> Dituelo dingwe tsa sesole di ne tsa diegisiwa go malapa a masole, mme ditekanyetso tsa thomelo kwa ntle di ne tsa tlosiwa ka nako ya ntwa, mme tsa baka go tsena ga madi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;133.</ref> Fa go bapisiwa le ditšhaba tse dingwe tse di mo Mmusong wa Boritane, batho ba Bechuanaland ba ne ba amogela ntwa eo. Batswana ba le bantsi ba ne ba na le maikutlo a boikanyegi mo mmusomogolong kgotsa ba ikutlwa gore dikgatlhego tsa bone di a tsamaisana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;36–37.</ref> Dikgosi dingwe, jaaka [[:en:Kgari_Sechele_II|Kgari Sechele]] [[:en:Kgari_Sechele_II|wa bobedi]] wa kwa ga Kwena le Molefi Pilane wa ga Kgatla, ba ne ba ikwadisa ka sebele. Ba ne ba dira jaaka disajene tse dikgolo tsa masole, e leng maemo a a kwa godimo a a neng a le teng mo Batswaneng.<ref name=":52" /> Go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya letlelela Batswana go nna le diteseletso tsa kgwebo le go dira mo teng ga naga e e sireleditsweng. Se pele se ne se lekanyeditswe batho basweu le makula.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;135.</ref> Setlhopha sa Dikgaolo tsa Dikhomišene tse di Kwa Godimo se ne se le kwa Botlhabagare go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1946 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1949.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> === Mokgatlho wa boipuso === [[Setshwantsho:1960 6d Bechuanaland Protectorate stamp.jpg|thumb|Setempe sa ngwaga wa 1960 sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland se se nang le ditshwantsho tsa ga [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Kgosigadi Victoria]] le [[:en:Elizabeth_II|Elizabeth wa bobedi]], dikgosi tsa ntlha le tsa bofelo tsa Borithane tsa tshireletso .]] Bokhutlo jwa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi bo ne jwa tla ka phetogo e kgolo mo setšhabeng. Dikgosi di ne tsa bonwa di se botlhokwa thata mo sebopegong sa loago, mme bontsi bo ne jwa tlogela dipolelo tsa bone tsa lefatshe lotlhe mo dikgomong tsa merafe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;51.</ref> Didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa setšhaba, jaaka lefatshe le badiri, di ne tsa dirwa tse di hapegileng le go dirwa dithoto.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;52.</ref> Phitlhelelo ya thuto e ne ya tlhola setlhopha sa batlhalefi ba ba [[:en:Liberalism|gololesegileng]] ba ba neng ba le kgatlhanong le puso ya dikgosi mme ba simolola go ipopela mafelo a bone a maatla mo mekgatlhong ya badiri le ditlhopha tsa baagi.<ref name=":63">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;165.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1946, ke karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong fela ya paoyotlhe ya baagi e e neng e na le tiro kwa ntle ga temothuo le ditirelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;57.</ref> Tshireletso e ne ya bona koketsego e kgolo ya dikelo tsa matsalo jaaka karolo ya bogare jwa [[:en:Mid-20th_century_baby_boom|ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi wa go tlhatloga ga masea]] mo dingwageng tsa morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, e e neng e tsamaya le koketsego ya [[:en:Life_expectancy|dingwaga tsa botshelo]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;12–13.</ref> Tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e simolotse lenaneo la yone la ntlha ya tlhabololo mo tshireletsong, e leng lefelo la matlhabelo, ka dingwaga tsa bo ka ngwaga wa 1950.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;81.</ref> Maborithane, a santse a solofetse go kopanya tshireletso go nna Aforika Borwa, kwa bofelong a ne a phimola leano le morago ga tshimologo ya [[:en:Apartheid|Tlhaolele]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref>Fa maiteko a simolola go tlhama tsela e ntšhwa ya isago ya tshireletso, tshireletso e ne ya bewa mo seemong sa go tlhoka maitseo, mme ga go na tsela ya go ya pele e e neng e bonala sentle.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], pp.&#x20;672–673.</ref> Tshitshinyo nngwe e ne e le go e tsenya mo [[:en:Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland|Mokgatlhong wa Rhodesia le Nyasaland]], o lefatshe la United Kingdom e o tlhamileng ka fa tlase ga pholisi ya "tirisanommogo ya merafe e mentsi".<ref>Parsons 2006, p.&#x20;673.</ref> Fa mojaboswa wa Ngwato Seretse Khama a gola, mmusi Tshekedi Khama o ne a leka go tshwarelela mo pusong.<ref name=":53">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;696.</ref> Seretse o ne a nyala mosadi wa mosweu, [[:en:Ruth_Williams_Khama|Ruth Williams]], fa a ne a ithuta kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom, mme se sa baka matlhabisa ditlhong mo lelapeng la segosi la ga Ngwato.<ref name=":46" /> Le fa kwa tshimologong setšhaba se ne se le kgatlhanong le lenyalo le, go sa ratweng ga ga Tshekedi go ne ga fetola maikutlo a Seretse.<ref name=":47" /> Kgang e ne ya tlhagisiwa mo kgotleng ka ngwaga wa 1949, mme puso ya ga Tshekedi e ne ya ganwa ka bontsi ke diketekete tsa batho ba ba neng ba le teng.<ref name=":53" /><ref name=":47" /> Tshekedi le batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Kwena kwa botshabelo.<ref name=":54">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Puso ya makgowa e ne e sa itshokele lenyalo la ga Seretse le mosadi yo mosweu. Ka maiteko a go ritibatsa puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa, e ne ya leleka banyalani ba mo pusong ya tshireletso ka ngwaga wa 1950. Se se ne sa tsosa mokgatlho wa bosetšhaba o o neng o gola mo gare ga baemanokeng ba ga Seretse mo pusong ya tshireletso, o o neng wa tlhagelela ka botlalo ka ngwaga wa 1952.<ref name=":37" /> Ka nako ya fa Seretse a ne a seyo, lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la baya molaodi wa kgaolo dingwaga di le nne pele ga e tlhoma Rasebolai Kgamane, motshegetsi wa ga Tshekedi, go nna moemedi.<ref name=":54" /> Morafe wa Ngwato o ne wa tsuologela go lelekwa ga ga Seretse.<ref name=":55">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;53.</ref> Batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba kopa gore a bowe, mme go ne ga tsoga dikhuduego fa ba ne ba ganwa. Seretse o ne a feleletsa a letleletswe go boa ka ngwaga wa1956.<ref name=":56">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;90.</ref> Ka nako e, kgaogano e e gagametseng ya merafe mo Aforika Borwa ya Tlhaolele e ne ya thibela lefatshe la United Kingdom go e ritibatsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;200.</ref> Mo nakong yotlhe ya mathata a go lelekwa ga ga Seretse, maatla a ne a tlogela bogosi mme a ya kwa mekgatlhong ya ditlhopho.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;91.</ref> Tshekedi le Seretse ba ne ba dira kagiso fa Seretse a boa, mme Seretse a nna moeteledipele wa ''nnete'' wa Ngwato, le fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le mo thibetse go nna kgosi ya semmuso.<ref name=":56" /> Ka thotloetso ya Borithane, morafe wa Ngwato o ne wa tlhama lekgotla la morafe, le Seretse le Tshekedi ka bobedi e neng e le maloko a lone.<ref name=":55" /> Merafe e mengwe e ne ya tlhoma makgotla a merafe a a tshwanang, a a neng a dira jaaka ditšheke tsa maatla a dikgosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;26.</ref> Go ne ga sala letlhoo lengwe fa gare ga banna ba babedi ba: Tshekedi o ne a eletsa go boloka puso ya morafe le maatla a dikgosi, fa Seretse ene a ne a akanya ka puso ya batho ka batho ya boemedi le dikgosi tse di bokoa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;91–92.</ref> Selekanyo sa maatla a a beeleditsweng mo dikgosing e ne ya nna kgang e e neng ya baka dikganetsano thata mo mokgatlhong wa boipuso o o neng o gola, bogolosegolo mo bathong ba ga Ngwato le ba lelapa la ga Khama.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;93–94.</ref> Bechuanaland Protectorate Federal Party e ne e le lekoko la ntlha la sepolotiki le le neng la tlhamiwa mo kgaolong ya tshireletso fa le ne le tlhamiwa ke moeteledipele wa mokgatlo wa Ngwato [[:en:Leetile_Disang_Raditladi|Leetile Disang Raditladi]] ka ngwaga wa 1959. Le bopilwe thata ke batho ba maemo le batlhalefi, le ne le buelela kopano ya merafe ya Batswana. Lekoko le ne la palelwa ke go bona tshegetso mme la nna lobaka lo lokhutshwane.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;94.</ref> Ngwaga o o latelang, [[:en:Bechuanaland_People's_Party|Lekoko la Batho la Bechuanaland]] (BPP, moragonyana Lekoko la Batho la Botswana) le ne la tlhamiwa jaaka lekoko le le bogale thata, le le ganetsanang le puso ya merafe ya setso mme la bona boikuelo mo badiring ba bafaladi.<ref name=":57">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> E ne e eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Motsamai_Mpho|Motsamai Mpho]], [[:en:Philip_Matante|Philip Matante]], le Kgalemang Morsete.<ref name=":58">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xviii.</ref> BPP, e e neng ya tlhamiwa jaaka molekane wa Setswana wa lekoko la [[:en:African_National_Congress|African National Congress]] la Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":59">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;74.</ref> e ne ya tshegetsa boipuso jwa ka bonako le go fedisiwa gotlhelele ga bogosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Ka go tshaba gore BPP e tla nyatsa puso e e leng teng le go tshuba dikgotlhang le puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa, dikgosi le puso ya Borithane di ne tsa thibela bokgoni jwa yona jwa go kopana.<ref name=":57" /> Merafe ya tshireletso mmogo e ne ya bopa lekgotla la peomolao ka ngwaga wa 1961.<ref name=":37" /> Batho ba Kwena ba ne ba iphitlhela ba le ka fa tlase ga moemedi, [[:en:Neale_Sechele|Neale Sechele]], ka ngwaga wa 1963, se se rayang gore ba ne ba na le tlhotlheletso e nnye ya sepolotiki fa mokgatlho wa boipuso o ntse o gola.<ref name=":60">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;102.</ref> Leano la Tlhabololo la Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland la dingwaga tsa 1963/1968 le ne la kwalwa ka thulaganyo ya dipuisano ka ngwaga wa 1963, le tlhama tlhaloso ya boipuso jwa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;26–27.</ref> Fa palo ya batho e ne ba sa dire sepe mo dipolotiking ka kakaretso, lefatshe la United Kingdom e ne ya nna nngwe ya mafatshe a a neng a etelela pele go bona boipuso. Ka go tshwenyega gore lekoko la BPP e ne e le e e tseneletseng thata, lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la rotloetsa moeteledipele wa yone yo o mo ratang, Seretse Khama, go tlhama lekoko la sepolotiki.<ref name=":59" /> Le fa Khama a ne a dumalana le mekgwa ya lekoko la BPP e e kgatlhanong le bosemorafe le ya lefatshe, o ne a le kgatlhanong le tsela ya yone ya go tlhoma dipolotiki le go amogela ga yone bojammogo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;96.</ref>O ne a dumela go tlogela go bolela ga gagwe mo bathong ba ga Ngwato go dira jaaka radipolotiki, a tlhama [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|Lekoko la]] [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|puso ya batho ka batho la Bechuanaland]] (BDP, moragonyana ya nna lekoko la Botswana Democratic ) ka ngwaga wa 1962.<ref name=":59" /> Lekoko la BDP e ne ya itlhoma jaaka "lekoko la dikgosi", mme ya amogela dikakanyo tse di amanang le puso ya merafe ya pele ga bokoloniale.<ref name=":30" /> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la rotloetsa lekoko la BDP, le tlhaloganya gore le tla tshegetsa kgwebisano ya leruo ya motlha wa bokoloniale.<ref name=":73">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;149.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1963, kgosi ya Kgatla Linchwe e ne e le ene fela kgosi e e neng e le kgatlhanong le BDP e bile e na le tlhotlheletso ya sepolotiki, mme batho ba Kgatla ba ne ba rata lekoko la BDP, ka jalo o ne a nna a sa tsenelele mo dipolotiking.<ref name=":60" /> Thulaganyo ya phetogo e ne ya simolola ka lekoko la BDP e ne e solofetswe go busa Botswana yo o ikemetseng, mme puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya bereka le boeteledipele jwa lekoko la BDP go ba baakanyetsa go tsamaisa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;78.</ref> Go ne ga tshwarwa bokopano ka ngwaga wa 1963 go okamela go tlhamiwa ga molaotheo o mosha. Dikgotlhang tsa ka fa gare ga lekoko la BPP di ne di raya gore lekoko la BDP e ne e na le tlhotlheletso e ntsi mo thulaganyong. Tshekedi Khama o ne a tlhokafetse ka nako e, ka jalo Bathoen wa bobedi o ne a nna moeteledipele wa lekoko le le neng le ema nokeng puso ya bofederale, a dumela gore le tla boloka puso e le mo diatleng tsa dikgosi. Lefatshe la United Kingdom le boradipolotiki ba Batswana ba ne ba tshegetsa puso ya bosetšhaba e e kopaneng ka gonne Botswana e ne e humanegile thata go ka kgaoganya dithoto tsa yona le ka gonne go tlhoka go kopanya dithoto go ne go tla dira gore e nne mo kotsing ya go tlhaselwa ke merafe e mengwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;97.</ref> Puso ya dikgaolo e e itsholetseng e ne ya itshupa e sa kgonege mo dipolotiking, ka jalo go ne ga dirwa tumalano ya gore dikgosi di tla bopa Ntlo ya Dikgosi, e leng setlhopha sa bagakolodi mo teng ga [[:en:Parliament_of_Botswana|Palamente ya Botswana]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;98–99.</ref> Dikgosi di ne di santse di le kgatlhanong le thulaganyo e, mme mo mokgatlhong o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Bathoen, Ntlo ya Dikgosi e ne ya fetisa tlhopo ya [[:en:No_confidence|go sa tshepe]] puso e ntšhwa, mme fela go tlhoka maatla a yone a sepolotiki go ne ga e thibela go dirisa phetogo e e nang le bokao.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;56.</ref> Molao wa Lekgotla la Kgaolo o ne wa fetisiwa jaaka tsela e nngwe ya go lekanyetsa maatla a dikgosi ka go tlhama makgotla a a tla okamelang kgaolo le toropo nngwe le nngwe,<ref name=":58" /> go dira gore mekgatlho e e tlhophilweng e e nne balaodi ba konokono ba selegae.<ref name=":64">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;78.</ref> Toropo ya [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] e agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1965 mme ya itsisiwe jaaka motsemogolo o mošwa.<ref name=":59" /> E agilwe mo lefatsheng la puso ya Borithane, le le neng le tlamela ka lefelo le le sa tseyeng letlhakore le le neng le sa laolwe ke morafe ope .<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;16.</ref> [[:en:Constitution_of_Botswana|Molamotheo]] o ne wa tsenngwa tirisong ka one ngwaga oo.<ref name=":59" /> Ka se se tirisong, Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la fa tshireletso puso ya go ipusa.<ref name=":61">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;116.</ref> Ngwaga wa 1965 gape e ne ya bona go fetisiwa ga Molao wa Dikgotla tsa Dikgaolo o o neng wa fetola seabe sa bokoloniale sa molaodi wa kgaolo ka go se bofa mo makgotleng a dikgaolo a a sa tswang go tlhamiwa,<ref name=":74">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;25.</ref> mme wa bona go tlhongwa ga Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Bosetšhaba e e neng e le ya puso.<ref name=":75">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> Mpho o ne a kgaogana le lekoko la BPP go tlhama Lekoko la Boipuso la Bechuanaland (BIP) ka ngwaga wa 1965.<ref name=":62">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;32.</ref> E eteletswe pele ke Seretse Khama le [[:en:Quett_Masire|Quett Masire]], lekoko la BDP le ne la dira letsholo mo e ka nnang mo motseng mongwe le mongwe wa kgaolo ya tshireletso pele ga ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa kakaretso. Go farologana le batho ba bangwe ba sepolotiki kwa Bechuanaland, Seretse Khama o ne a na le boikuelo go ralala merafe e e farologaneng.<ref name=":60" /> Morago ga moo lekoko la BDP le ne la tlhophiwa go etelela puso ya ntlha pele.<ref name=":61" /> Lekoko la BPP le ne la gapa manno a le mararo fela mo lekgotleng la peomolao, mme lekoko la BIP le ne la palelwa ke go gapa epe.<ref name=":62" /> Morago ga ditlhopho, go ne ga tlhamiwa lekoko la [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|Botswana]] [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|National Front]] (BNF) jaaka lekoko le le kopaneng la kganetso ya BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;32–33.</ref> E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Kenneth_Koma|Kenneth Koma]], lekoko la BNF le ne la nna mmaba yo mogolo wa lekoko la BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;109.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;31–33.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la tlhopha Khama go nna tonakgolo ya naga.<ref name=":65">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;204.</ref>Go farologana le makoko a mantsi a sepolotiki a a tlhomilweng mo Aforika, BDP e ne e le lekoko le le itekanetseng le le sa fetogeng go na le go nna lekoko le le kgatlhanong le bokoloniale.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;711.</ref> Morago ga go tlhamiwa ga yona, Ntlo ya Dikgosi e ne ya ntsha tlhopo ya go sa tshepe molaotheo ka ngwaga wa 1966, mme se sa dira gore go nne le letsholo la bosetšhaba la go tshegetsa molaotheo le le neng la bona tshegetso e e lekaneng gore dikgosi di fedise maiteko a tsone a go o gwetlha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;100–101.</ref> Tshireletso e ne ya newa boipuso jaaka Rephaboliki ya Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1966.<ref name=":61" /> == Repaboliki ya Botswana == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Independence, 1966.png|thumb|[[:en:Seretse_Khama|Seretse Khama]] a ikanisa maikano a go nna Tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1966]] Boipuso jwa Botswana bo ne bo kaya go tsenngwa tirisong ga puso ya batho le batho e e gololesegileng, go tlisa ditlhopho, tshireletso ya ditshwanelo tsa batho, le tirelosetšhaba.<ref name=":64" /> Se se ne sa dira gore go nne le thulaganyo ya go tlhatlosiwa maemo e e ikaegileng ka bokgoni le go tlhamiwa ga tsamaiso ya puso ya maranyane.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref>Setšhaba se ne sa bopa puso e e neng e fetotswe go tswa mo [[:en:Westminster_system|tsamaisong ya Westminster]],<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;23–24.</ref> mme Tonakgolo Seretse Khama a nna Moporesidente Seretse Khama.<ref name=":65" /> Go ne ga tlhamiwa boitshupo jwa bosetšhaba, jwa kopanya merafe e e sa tshwaneng mo letshwaong le le lengwe la Setswana, ka ngwao e e ikaegileng ka ya merafe ya Setswana.<ref name=":80">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNyamnjoh2007|Nyamnjoh 2007]], p.&#x20;307.</ref> Botswana e ne ya boloka bontsi jwa ditheo tsa yone tsa merafe tsa pele ga bokoloniale morago ga boipuso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;54.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;7.</ref> Se e ne e le ditlamorago tsa puso e e nonofileng e e neng e amana le merafe ya Batswana le tsereganyo e e lekanyeditsweng ya puso ya Borithane mo dinakong tsa bokoloniale.<ref name=":34" /> Mofuta wa go buisana wa dipolotiki tsa setšhaba pele le morago ga boipuso e ne e le mokgwa o o sa tlwaelesegang mo merafeng e mengwe e mentsi ya Aforika e e neng ya nna le babusaesi morago ga boipuso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;30, 56.</ref> Go na le go fedisa bogosi, puso e ntšhwa e ne ya bo tsenya mo tsamaisong ya semolao, ya fa dikgosi dithata tsa boatlhodi ka ''kgotla'', go ikaegile ka dikgotlatshekelo tsa boikuelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe]] 2012, p.&#x20;36.</ref>Tlwaelo ya go ikobela boeteledipele, e e kileng ya fiwa dikgosi, e ne ya sutela kwa botautoneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;30.</ref> Puso e ne ya tiisa go tlhomama ga yona ka go thapa tirelosetšhaba ya yone ka baitseanape b<ref name=":66">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], pp.&#x20;31–32.</ref>a dinaga di sele, go farologana le dinaga tse dingwe tse dišwa tsa Aforika tse gantsi di neng di leleka baitseanape ba dinaga di sele.<ref name=":67">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], p.&#x20;35.</ref><ref name=":68">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;105.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;59.</ref> Se se ne sa boloka puso ya mofuta wa Bophirima e e neng e gatelela tlhabololo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;259.</ref> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la tswelela go tlamela Botswana ka matlole mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tse tlhano tsa go nna teng ga yone.<ref name=":61" /> Maemo a yone a kagiso, a puso ya batho ka batho fa a bapisiwa le ditšhaba tse dingwe tsa Aforika a ne a raya gore e ne ya amogela thuso e ntsi go tswa mo mekgatlhong ya Bophirima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;255.</ref> Ka nako ya boipuso, Botswana e ne e le setšhaba se se humanegileng thata, go feta bontsi jwa dinaga tse dingwe mo Aforika.<ref name=":69">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;104.</ref><ref name=":66" /> E ne e sena badiri ba ba rutegileng, ka baagi ba le masome a mane fela ba ba nang le ditlankana tse di hagodimo tsa mmadikolo, mme go ne go sena ditlamelo tse di itsegeng tsa metswedi ya tlholego go tshegetsa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;62, 64.</ref> Botswana e ne e ikaegile ka puso ya Tlhaolele mo Aforika Borwa go fitlhelela setšhaba sa lefatshe, mme bontsi jwa badiri ba Botswana e ne e le badiri ba bafaladi mo Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;64.</ref> Botswana e ne ya tsena mo ntweng e e tlhamaletseng le Rhodesia, e e neng ya baka dintwa tsa sesole go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1978.<ref name=":63" /> Go nna le seabe mo go lekanyeditsweng ga Borithane go ne go kaya gore go ne go se na tlhabololo e ntsi fa e sale ka nako ya bokoloniale.<ref name=":69" /><ref name=":70">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;160.</ref> Bokgoni jwa go bala le go kwala e ne e le selekanyo sa karolo ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong, mme go ne go na le dikilometara di le lesome fela tsa tsela e e tshetsweng.<ref name=":69" /> Mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a robangbongwe ya baagi e ne e le mo [[:en:Abject_poverty|lehumeng le le tseneletseng]],<ref name=":70" /> mme bontsi jwa baagi e ne e le balemibarui ba dikgomo kgotsa [[:en:Subsistence_farmers|balemibarui ba ba itshidisang]].<ref name=":71">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;55.</ref> Fa setšhaba se fitlhelela boipuso, komelelo e e masisi e ne ya fedisa karolo ya masome amarao go fihlela masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya palo ya dikgomo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;63.</ref> Mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa Batswana ba ne ba ikaegile ka [[:en:World_Food_Programme|Lenaneo la Dijo la Lefatshe]] go tila tlala.<ref name=":81">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;220.</ref> Ditšhaba tse dingwe di ne di na le ditsholofelo tse di kwa tlase mo Botswana, mme mo Aforika yotlhe e ne e bonwa jaaka [[:en:Bantustan|Bantustan]] ya Tlhaolele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;1.</ref> Kamano e le Tlhaolele gape e ne e le ntlha ya katlego ya Botswana jaaka setšhaba se se ikemetseng: boeteledipele jwa Batswana bo ne bo eletsa go tila phelelo e e tshwanang le ya Aforika Borwa fa setšhaba se ka palelwa, mme dikgolagano tsa dikgang tsa mafatshe fatshe tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa le Bophirima go thibela go tsenngwa ke Aforika Borwa di ne di raya gore Botswana o ne a tshepa thata dinaga tsa Bophirima go amogela thuso le thato ya bone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;76–77.</ref> Boeteledipele jwa ntlha jwa Botswana bo ne bo laolwa ke malapa a merafe e e busang mmogo le palo e nnye ya badiredipuso ba ba rutegileng thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;6.</ref> Go tshwana ga bona ga itsholelo le dikgopolo go ne go raya gore puso e nne e tlhomame kwa ntle ga dintwa tsa sepolotiki.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;71.</ref> Le fa Bathoen a ne a tlogela maemo a gagwe a go nna kgosi go ya go dira dipolotiki, bontsi jwa dikgosi tse dingwe di ne tsa amogela maatla a tsona a a fokoditsweng a sepolotiki mo pusong e ntšhwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;56–57.</ref> Tiro e nngwe ya dikgosi e ne e laolwa ke Molao wa Bogosi wa ngwaga ya 1966.<ref name=":92">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;140.</ref> Go tlhoka bonweenwee go ne ga dira gore puso e nne semolao thata mme ya ratwa ke balekane ba Bophirima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;166.</ref> Go farologana le bontsi jwa merafe e e sa tswang go tlhamiwa ya Aforika, bontsi jwa boeteledipele bo ne bo tswa mo setšhabeng sa temothuo, go kaya gore dikgatlhego tsa bona di ne di tsamaisana le bontsi.<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":71" /> Se se ne sa rotloetsa puso e ntšhwa go boloka dipholisi tsa motlha wa bokoloniale tse di neng di solegela barui ba dikgomo molemo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;75.</ref> Setlhopa sa semmuso sa Nama ya Botswana se ne sa tlhamiwa go laola madirelo a nama ya kgomo.<ref name=":58" /> Boikuelo jwa lekoko la BDP jwa merafe yotlhe le kgatlhego e e kopanetsweng ya go tlhoma boipuso di ne tsa rotloetsa puso e ntšhwa gape go dira mo dikgatlhegelong tsa bontsi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;54–55.</ref> Ditlhopha tse dinnye tsa baagi ba basweu di ne tsa sala mo nageng mme tsa ganetsa boipuso jwa yone.<ref name=":63" /> Le fa moragonyana di ne di tla nna botlhokwa mo tlhabololong ya Botswana, ditshwanelo tsa ditswammung di ne tsa fiwa botlhokwa jo bo kwa tlase fa di bona boipuso, mme merafe e ne ya di fetisetsa kwa pusong ya bogareng ka ngwaga wa 1967.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;103–104.</ref> === Puso ya ga Seretse Khama === Khama o ne a ratwa ke batho botlhe mme a bonwa e le moeteledipele wa tlholego wa merafe yotlhe ya Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;202–203.</ref> Tsamaiso ya gagwe e ne ya tsenya tirisong maano a a neng a lebisitswe mo go tlhameng mafaratlhatlha le dithoto tsa setšhaba, bogolosegolo go tsenya tshela ditsela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;111.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;86.</ref> O ne a simolola go aga dikolo, matlhabelo le dikhuti tse di neng tsa tswelela mo masomeng a dingwaga a a latelang. Lefatshe le le nang le banni la Batswana le Basarwa le ne la dirisiwa go aga mesima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;219.</ref> Tlhabololo e ne ya tla ka tshenyegelo ya kgwebo le tlhagiso, e e neng e lekanyeditswe go tlamela ka matlole a leruo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004,]] p.&#x20;164.</ref> Go ne ga tlhongwa mogopolo thata mo go otla dikgomo le go aga matlhabelo go rotloetsa madirelo a nama ya kgomo mo gare ga go tlhoka metsi. <ref name=":82">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;205.</ref>[[:en:Public_welfare|Mananeo a katlaatleloloago]] le one a ne a tlhongwa.<ref name=":67" /> Go ribololwa ga ditaemane go ne ga netefatsa gore mananeo a a bona madi a a lekaneng.<ref name=":72">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;305.</ref> Dipeeletso tse le mokgwa o o sa fetogeng wa go somarela madi a puso di ne tsa thibela boemo jwa [[:en:Dutch_disease|bolwetse jwa Dutch]] jo bo neng jwa golafatsa dinaga tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di neng di tletse ka didirisiwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;4.</ref> Thuto e ne ya atolosiwa mo setšhabeng sotlhe, mme puo ya Setswana e ne ya lekanngwa mmogo le Seesemane ka go latlhegelwa ke dipuo tse dingwe.<ref name=":72" /><ref name=":68" /> Khama o ne a siamisa seo jaaka tsela ya go fitlhelela kutlwano.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;228.</ref> Quett Masire o ne a dira jaaka Mothusa tautona ka fa tlase ga ga Seretse Khama mmogo le Tona ya tsa madi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;84.</ref> O ne a laola tekanyetsokabo ya lefatshe le tiriso ya madi ka go tlhama motseletsele wa Maano a Tlhabololo ya Bosetšhaba, go ikaegilwe ka kamogelo ya Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba le Komiti ya itsholelo ya Kabinete.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;58.</ref> Dipoeletso tsa maano a di ne tsa nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya molao wa semmuso ya puso morago ga gore batlhatlhami ba ga Khama le Masire ba tsene mo maemong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;171.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1967, ditaemane di ne tsa fitlhellwa kwa Botswana ke setlamo sa Aforika Borwa sa ditaemane sa [[:en:De_Beers|De Beers]], mme ditiro di ne tsa simolola ka bonako morago ga moo.<ref name=":76">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;110.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;61.</ref> Dipeeletso tsa kopore di ne tsa fitlhelwa kwa [[:en:Selebi-Phikwe|Selebi-Phikwe]] ka ngwaga oo, mme se sa senola gape khumo ya ditswammung tsa setšhaba.<ref name=":58" /> Puso e ne ya dirisana le De Beers ka ngwaga wa 1969 go dira ditiro tse dikgolo tsa meepo ya ditaemane,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;136.</ref> mme e ne ya amega mo dipuisanong sešwa tsa [[:en:Southern_African_Customs_Union|Kopano ya Melelwane ya Aforika Borwa]] ka one ngwaga oo go tokafatsa thata maatla a yone a itsholelo mo kgaolong.<ref name=":77">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;65.</ref> Moepo mongwe kwa [[:en:Morupule|Morupule]] o ne wa simolola go ntsha magala ka ngwaga wa 1973, mme wa tlamela setšhaba ka karolo e kgolo ya motlakase.<ref name=":78">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xix.</ref> [[:en:Orapa_diamond_mine|Moepo wa ditaemane wa Orapa]] o ne wa bulwa kwa Orapa ka ngwaga wa 1971, mme go ne ga tlomamisiwia tumalano ya go abelana lotseno fa gare ga puso le De Beers ka ngwaga wa 1974.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;125.</ref> Moragonyana Masire o ne a netefatsa gore De Beers e ne e tshegeditse dikgwebo tsa gagwe tse di hapegileng ka madi, mme se sa dira gore go akanyediwe gore setlamo se ka tswa se amogetse tumalano e e mosola mo kgannyeng e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;129–130.</ref> Molao wa Metsi le Molao wa ditsha tsa Morafe di ne tsa tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1968, mme tsa tlhama lekgotla la Kabo ya Metsi le lekgotla tsa naga di le lesome le bobedi, ka go latelana. Tse di ne di okametse kabo ya ditshwanelo tsa metsi le lefatshe ke puso go na le ka go nna mong wa morafe mongwe le mongwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;76.</ref> Ka se, ba ne ba tsenya dithata tsa setso tsa dikgosi.<ref name=":74" /> Molao wa Mafatshe a Phulo a Merafe e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1975 go thibela [[:en:Overgrazing|phulo e e feteletseng]], mme fela e ne ya itshupa e sa atlege.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;67.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;173.</ref> Tota e bile, e ne e letla baagi ba ba humileng go kopa ditsha tse dikgolo tsa dikgomo ka tshenyegelo ya baagi ba ba sa humang thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;206.</ref> Ditlhopho tsa ntlha morago ga boipuso di ne tsa diragala ka ngwaga wa 1969.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la dira maswe go le gonnye fa e bapisiwa le tiragatso ya yona ya ngwaga wa 1965, mme mothusa tautona Masire o ne a latlhegelwa ke setilo sa gagwe ke Bathoen, se se neng sa mo tlhoka gore a tseye setilo se se kgethegileng se se tlhophilweng.<ref name=":79">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;80.</ref> Lekoko la BPP le ne la nyelela ka botlhokwa fa dipolotiki tsa Botswana di ntse di gola.<ref name=":73" /> Koporase ya Tlhabololo ya Botswana e e neng e le ya puso e ne ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 1970,<ref name=":75" /> mme moepo wa diteemane wa Orapa o ne wa bulwa ka ngwaga wa 1971.<ref name=":78" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1973, diteemane di ne di dira karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong ya Palo yotlhe ya tlhagiso ya lefatshe ya Botswana,<ref name=":76" /> mme kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1970, meepo e ne e le madirelo a magolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;5.</ref> Goromente wa Botswana o ne a buisana gape ka tumalano ya yone ya meepo le De Beers magareng ga ngwaga wa 1971 le ngwaga wa 1975, ya sutisetsa bontsi jwa dituelo kwa setšhabeng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;210.</ref> Fa itsholelo ya teemane e ntse e tlhabologa le dipeeletso di boela mo lefatsheng, Botswana e ne ya falola lehuma mme ya bonwa jaaka katlego mo merafeng e mengwe mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara morago ga bokoloniale.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;212.</ref> Ditlhabololo tse di dirile gore Botswana e nne naga e e golang ka bonako mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":77" /> Batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo le a a fa gare ba ne ba bona molemo thata, go oketsa go [[:en:Wealth_inequality|tlhoka tekatekano ga khumo]], mme gape go ne go raya gore makgetho a ka fokodiwa, se se neng sa dira gore balemi ba ba tshegetse.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;71–72.</ref> Tlhabololo ya Botswana le tiriso ya yone ya tirelosetšhaba ya mafatshe a sele e ne ya atlega mo e leng gore puso e ne ya tlhotlheletsa lefatshe la United States go romela setlhopa sa baithaopi ba kagiso (Peace Corps) kwa ntle ga ditekanyetso tsa setso tsa gore ke dikarolo dife tse mokgatlho o ka di dirang.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 go ne ga tla koketsego ya Batswana ba ba botlana ba ba rutegileng mo lefelong la gaeno, ba ba neng ba nna le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo pusong.<ref name=":64" /> Jaaka fa batho ba bašwa ba ba ne ba amogela thuto e e tshwanang mme ba simolola go dira mo setsong se le sengwe sa tsamaiso, go ne go sena pharologano e kgolo ya tiro fa gare ga tirelosetšhaba e e neng e eteletswe pele ke batswakwa le e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;88.</ref> Lephata la Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo le ne le le teng ka bokhutshwane morago ga go kgaogana mo Lephateng la Matlole magareng ga batlhokomedi ba setso ba ba neng ba amana le tshireletso kgatlhanong le baemanokeng ba ga Masire ba ba neng ba eletsa go bona tlhabololo e e bogale thata. Ya bofelo e ne ya tsaya taolo, mme ditona di ne tsa kopanngwa gape go nna Lephata la Matlole le Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo ka ngwaga wa 1970. Ka ntlha ya palo e e lekanyeditsweng ya batho ba ba tshwanelegang go laola itsholelo, lephata le le ne la tsaya taolo e feletseng ya tiriso ya madi a puso mme la simolola lenaneo la Shashe le le neng le batla gore naga e nne le tlhabololo e e tseneletseng ya palo yotlhe ya tlhagiso ya lefatshe ya Botswana. Se se ne se akaretsa go tlhoma lefelo la meepo ya kopore le nikele, le le neng la nna selo se se tlang pele mo pusong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;84–85.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1973, [[:en:Seepapitso_IV|Seepapitso wa bone]] o ne a nna kgosi ya ntlha go emisiwa mo maemong a gagwe morago ga nako ya bokoloniele.<ref name=":83">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;141.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la atlega thata gape ka [[:en:1974_Botswana_general_election|ditlhopo tsa ngwaga wa 1974]].<ref name=":79" /> [[:en:Minimum_wage|Dituelo tse di kwa tlase]] di ne tsa tlhagisiwa ka one ngwaga oo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Botswana e simolotse go ntsha madi a one, e leng [[:en:Botswana_pula|Botswana pula]], ka ngwaga wa 1976. Mmusi wa [[:en:Bank_of_Botswana|Banka ya Botswana]] Quill Hermans o ne a kgaratlhela go kgaogana ga madi le Aforika Borwa le [[:en:South_African_rand|ranta ya yone ya Aforika Borwa]]. Le fa go ne go na le matshwenyego a boditšhabatšhaba a gore Botswana e ka nna ya se ka ya kgona go tshegetsa madi a yone, Khama o ne a ikutlwa gore bagakolodi ba gagwe ba itsholelo ba na le bokgoni mme o ne a tshepa tshwetso ya bone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;206.</ref> Mo dingwageng di le lesome tsa boipuso, Botswana e ne e le nngwe ya ditšhaba tse di humileng thata mo [[:en:Third_World|Lefatsheng la Boraro]].<ref name=":67" /> Phetogo ya itsholelo e kaiwa jaaka "kgakgamatso" ya Botswana.<ref name=":77" /> Linchwe II, kgosi ya [[:en:Kgatla_people|batho ba Kgatla]], o ne a busetsa ngwao ya go simolola bogwera mo morafeng wa gagwe ka ngwaga wa 1975, mme se sa gakatsa puso ya bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;148.</ref> Khama o ne a tsaya tsela ya go akaretsa batho botlhe mo pusong ya gagwe, a tila dipolotiki tsa merafe le go gana tlhotlheletso ya baeteledipele ba merafe a rata badiredipuso.<ref name=":84">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;84.</ref> Ka dinako tse dingwe o ne a kopa batho go rola tiro fa morafe mongwe o ka nna le tlhotlheletso e ntsi mo tirelong ya setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;88.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba tshaba gore go sa dumalane le batho ba ba kwa tlase ba Kalanga go ka nna ga dira gore go se ka ga nna le kagiso. Go rarabolola se, Khama o ne a tsenya maloko a a rutegileng a morafe wa Kalanga mo pusong, a tlhoma bontsi mo maemong a a kwa godimo. Tshwetso e ne e tsosa kganetsano, mme e ne ya tsosa dikgopolo tsa bolotsana ka ga tlhotlheletso e e bosula ya Kalanga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;122.</ref> Tse ka dinako tse dingwe di ne di ikaegile ka Mokgatlho wa Baithuti ba Bakalanga, o o neng wa nna Mokgatlho wa Tsweletso ya Puo ya Ikalanga ka ngwaga wa 1980.<ref>[[Gulbrandsen 2012, p. 123.|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;123.</ref> Poifo ya dipuso tsa baagisani tse di eteletsweng pele ke basweu kwa Namibia, Rhodesia, le Aforika Borwa, mmogo le kotsi ya [[:en:Angolan_Civil_War|Ntwa ya Selegae ya Angola]], di dirile gore Botswana e tlhame [[:en:Botswana_Defence_Force|sesole sa bosetšhaba]] ka ngwaga wa 1977.<ref name=":78" /> Pele ga se, [[:en:Botswana_Police_Service|Tirelo ya Sepodisi]] sa Botswana e ne e tlhokometse tshireletso ya setshaba. Go tlhoka sesole go ne go raya gore Botswana e ne e sa tlhaselwe ke dilo tse di bakang go sa tlhomamang mo merafeng e mengwe ya Aforika: go menola puso ga sesole le bonweenwee ka go dirisa madi a sesole.<ref>[[Beaulier & Subrick 2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], pp.&#x20;111–112.</ref> Sesole se ne sa bona ntwa ngwaga o o latelang fa dirukutlhi tsa Rhodesia di ne di tlhasela Leshoma, di bolaya masole a le lesome le botlhano.<ref name=":78" /> Ka tirisanommogo ya yone le De Beers, puso ya Botswana e ne ya tlhama kompone ya meepo ya Debswana ka ngwaga wa 1978, mme ya bona lotseno lo lo bonalang lwa puso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> Meepo e ne ya nna madirelo a a kwa godimo ya itsholelo ya lefatshe mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang,<ref name=":85">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;77.</ref> mme Botswana ya nna itsholelo e e golang ka bonako go gaisa mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":86">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], p.&#x20;33.</ref><ref name=":86" /> Go nna le seabe ga mafatshe a sele mo itsholelong go ne ga nna kgang ya sepolotiki ka nako e jaaka fa batho ba kwa ntle ba ne ba kokoanya kgolo ya setšhaba fa ditiro tsa selegae di ne di tlhabologa ka iketlo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;143–145.</ref> Thuo ya dikgomo, e e neng e setse e amilwe ke go runya mo gogolo ga [[:en:Foot-and-mouth_disease|bolwetse jwa tlhako le molomo]] ka ngwaga wa1977,<ref name=":82" /> e ne ya latlhegelwa ke botlhokwa jo e neng e na le jone pele.<ref name=":85" /> === Puso ya ga Quett Masire === [[Setshwantsho:Quett Masire DF-SC-85-12044.JPEG|thumb|Quett Masire a etetse America ka ngwaga wa 1984]] Morago ga loso lwa ga Seretse Khama ka ngwaga wa 1980, Mothusa-Tautona Quett Masire o ne a nna tautona wa Botswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;117.</ref> Le fa go ne go na le matshwenyego ka go tlhatlhama ga ga Khama, Masire o ne a tshegetsa mafaratlhatlha a puso a a neng a thusa go a aga le go boloka tumelo mo pusong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;182.</ref> Go ritibatsa morafe wa ga Khama wa Ngwato le merafe e mengwe ya bokone, Masire o ne a tlhoma ntsalae Khama, [[:en:Lenyeletse_Seretse|Lenyeletse Seretse]], go nna mothusa-tautona.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;232.</ref> Kakanyo e e neng e tlwaelesegile mo gare ga BaNgwato e ne e le gore morwa Khama, [[:en:Ian_Khama|Ian Khama]], o ne a tshwanelwa ke bo tautona. Fa Lenyeletse a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1983, Masire o ne a tlhopha [[:en:Peter_Mmusi|Peter Mmusi]] go tsena mo boemong jwa gagwe. Gompieno o ne a tlhopha mongwe go tswa mo morafeng wa borwa, gore a se ka a tlhoma sekao sa gore tautona le mothusa-tautona ka nako tsotlhe ba tshwanetse go tswa mo dikgaolong tse di fapaaneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;233.</ref> Botswana e ne e le karolo ya Khonferense ya Kgokaganyo ya Tlhabololo ya Borwa jwa Aforika e e neng ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 1980 go tlhama mmaraka wa borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":78" /> Setšhaba se ne sa amiwa ke [[:en:Early_1980s_recession|kwelotlase ya itsholelo ya tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa bo 1980]].<ref name=":81" /> [[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng]] o simolotse go dira ka ngwaga wa 1982, wa nna moepo o o dirang dipoelo go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng. [[:en:University_of_Botswana|Mmadikolo wa Botswana]] o tlhomilwe ka one ngwaga o o neng o kgaogana le [[:en:University_of_Botswana,_Lesotho_and_Swaziland|Mmadikolo ya Botswana, Lesotho le Swaziland]].<ref name=":78" /> Ditlhabololo tsa semolao ka ngwaga wa 1982, Molawana wa Thuso ya Matlole le go dira gore tiro ya kgwebo gore e nne ya ka fa molaong ke badiredipuso, di ne tsa tlhotlheletsa itsholelo ya naga mme gape tsa gagamolola melawana e e neng e tla thibela bonweenwee.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;127, 129.</ref> Jaaka fa puso ya batho le batho le kgolo ya itsholelo di itshupile e le diphetogo tsa paka e telele, Botswana e ne ya itsege jaaka "kgakgamatso ya Aforika".<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLaRoccoMogende2022|LaRocco &#x26; Mogende 2022]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref> Kganetso e e nonofileng kgatlhanong le puso e e laolwang ke lekoko la BDP e ne ya tlhagelela la ntlha ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980. Makoko a kganetso a ne a simolola go fenya ditlhopho tsa selegae, ditlhopha tsa dikgatlhego tsa simolola go tlhamiwa, mme makwalo a dikgang a matlhano a magolo a a kgatlhanong le lekoko la BDP a simolola go gatisiwa.<ref name=":64" /> Pele e ne e ikaegile ka tshegetso ya merafe e e rileng, lekoko la BNF le ne la bona tshegetso mo setlhopheng sa badiri.<ref name=":84" /> Ka ditlhopho ka kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 1984, e ne e le lekoko kganetso le le gaisanang.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;712.</ref> Komelelo e e masisi e ne ya ama Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa1982 go fitlhela ka ngwaga wa 1987, mme ya tlhoka thuso ya dijo ya puso go ka nna karolo ya masome a marataro le botlhano mo lekgolong ya Batswana ba kwa magaeng.<ref name=":87">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;82.</ref> Batshwayadiphoso ba ga Masire ba ne ba mo amanya le komelelo e ka e ne e tsamaisana le tshimologo ya botautona jwa gagwe, ba akantsha gore Khama o ne a na le taelo ya bomodimo e Masire a neng a se na yone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;203.</ref> Mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980, madirelo a ditaemane a ne a fitlha kwa setlhoeng sa yone ka karolo ya masome a matlhano le boraro mo lekgolong ya paloyotlhe ya tlhagiso ya bosetšhaba.<ref name=":76" /> Ka nako e, itsholelo ya setšhaba e ne ya nonoha mo e leng gore baagi ba ne ba sa tlhole ba rotloediwa go tlhopha [[:en:Subsistence_agriculture|temothuo ya go]] [[:en:Subsistence_agriculture|itshidisa]] kgotsa go fuduga go ya go dira kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":84" /> [[:en:Entrepreneurship|Bogwebi]] bo ne jwa anama thata, bogolosegolo mo badiring ba pele ba puso ba ba neng ba tswa mo [[:en:Public_sector|lephateng la puso]] go ya kwa lephateng la [[:en:Private_sector|e]] [[:en:Private_sector|seng la puso]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;90.</ref> Thuto ya mahala ya [[:en:Secondary_education|sekole se segolwane]] ne ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 1989.<ref name=":87" /> [[:en:Trade_union|Mekgatlho ya badiri]] le [[:en:Special_interest_group|ditlhopha tse di kgethegileng tsa dikgatlhego]] tse dingwe di ne tsa tlhagelela ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980 go tlhotlheletsa melawana ya setšhaba, le fa gantsi puso e ne e sa batle go di amogela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], pp.&#x20;85–86.</ref> E tsibogetse mokgatlho o o neng o gola wa badiri ka go fetisa dithibelo tse di bokete mo mekgatlhong ya badiri ka ngwaga wa 1983.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;79.</ref> Dingwaga di le lesome gape o ne wa tlhagisa mekgatlho ya go amogela merafe e mennye, go gana boitshupo jwa bosetšhaba jwa Motswana.<ref name=":80" /> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980, Aforika Borwa e ne ya simolola ditlhaselo tsa sesole mo Botswana go batla batlhabani ba Aforika Borwa. Go tsibogela dikgobalo tsa baagitse di neng tsa direga, puso ya Botswana e ne ya oketsa tiriso ya madi mo sesoleng.<ref name=":93">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;112.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> E ne gape ya fa sesole tiro ya go sireletsa diphologolo tsa naga le go tsenya mo tirisong molao o o kgatlhanong le go tsoma mo go seng ka fa molaong go tsibogela kotsi e e tlisiwang ke batsomi ba ba tshotseng dibetsa.<ref name=":94">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLaRoccoMogende2022|LaRocco &#x26; Mogende 2022]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> Palo ya ntlha ya [[:en:HIV/AIDS_in_Botswana|mogare wa segajaja]] mo Botswana e ne ya lemogiwa ka ngwaga wa 1985, mme mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang lefatshe ;e ne la nna lone le le neng la amega thata mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;265.</ref> [[:en:Life_expectancy|Botshelo jo bo solofetsweng]] mo Botswana bo ne bo tla wela tlase tswa go masomeng a maratarole bosupa go ya kwa masomeng a matlhano ka ngwaga wa 1997.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;175.</ref> Phetogo e e gakgamatsang mo tsamaisong ya botsogo ya Botswana e ne ya latela go ralala dingwaga tsa bo 1980 le bo 1990; Bongaka jwa Bophirima bo ne jwa tlotliwa thata mmogo le kalafi ya setso, mme go ne ga tlhongwa dikokelo tse e seng tsa puso go nna mmogo le dikago tse di tsamaisiwang ke puso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;45.</ref> [[:en:Early_1990s_recession|Kwelotlase ya itsholelo ya tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa bo 1990]] e ne ya ama Botswana.<ref name=":81" /> [[:en:Attorney_General_of_Botswana_v._Unity_Dow|Tsheko e e botlhokwa ya kgotlatshekelo ya molaomotheo]] e e neng ya tlisiwa ke Unity Dow e ne ya felela ka katlholo ka ngwaga wa 1991 ya gore bana ba ka fiwa boagedi mo go bomme ba bone ga mmogo le borraabone, e e neng ya amogelwa go nna molao ka Molao wa Boagi wa 1995.<ref name=":88">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xx.</ref> Setlhopa se se tlhopilweng go batlisisa kgotsa go sekaseka dikgang sa Kgabo se ne sa tshwarwa ka ngwaga wa 1991 go batlisisa lekgotla la kabo ditsha tsa lefatshe tsa puso, mme sa fitlhela gore go dirilwe ditlolomolao tsa maitsholo a a siameng ke mothusa-tautona Peter Mmusi le mokwaledi wa kakaretso wa lekoko la BDP [[:en:Daniel_Kwelagobe|Daniel Kwelagobe]], ba bobedi jwa bone gape e neng e le maloko a setlhopa sa ditona tsa puso ya Botswana.<ref name=":89">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLotshwaoSuping2013|Lotshwao &#x26; Suping 2013]], p.&#x20;346.</ref><ref name=":90">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], p.&#x20;333.</ref> Ka go lebana le go galefa mo pusong le mo setšhabeng, bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba rola tiro.<ref name=":90" /> Go wa mo go ne ga tlhola ditlhopha tse pedi tse di kgaoganeng mo teng ga lekoko, e nngwe e eteletswe pele ke maloko a mabedi a pele a setlhopa sa ditona (Ba babedi ba bagolo),<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], pp.&#x20;333–335.</ref> mme e nngwe e eteletswe pele ke baganetsi ba bona (ba batlhano ba bagolo): [[:en:Festus_Mogae|Festus Mogae]], Bihiti Temane, Chapson Butale, [[:en:Gaositwe_Chiepe|Gaositwe Chiepe]], le moeteledipele wa bona [[:en:Mompati_Merafhe|Mompati Merafhe]].<ref name=":91">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;235.</ref> Se se ne sa aga mo dikgotlhang tse di neng di godile fa gare ga boeteledipele jwa borwa jwa BLP le kokomana e ntšhwa ya boradipolotiki go tswa kwa bokone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], pp.&#x20;233–234.</ref> Masire o ne a tlhopha Mogae go nna mothusa- tautona yo mosha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], p.&#x20;334.</ref> Ka go tshwenyega ka kgonagalo ya go tlwaetsa bonweenwee, Masire o ne a thapa mothusa- mogolwane wa [[:en:Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(Hong_Kong)|setlhopa se se tlhopilweng go batlisisa kgotsa go sekaseka dikgang e e Ikemetseng ya Hong Kong e e Kgatlhanong le Bonweenwee (Hong Kong)]] go tlhama mokgatlho o o tshwanang mo Botswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;222.</ref> [[:en:Directorate_on_Corruption_and_Economic_Crime|Bokaedi jwa Bonweenwee le Bosenyi jwa]] [[:en:Directorate_on_Corruption_and_Economic_Crime|Itsholelo]] bo ne jwa tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 1994, mme lekgotla la kabo ditsha le ne la tlhamiwa go reetsa boikuelo jwa ditshwetso tsa kabo ditsha ka ngwaga wa 1995.<ref name=":88" /> Boemo jwa lekoko la BDP jaaka lekoko le le laolang bo ne jwa amogela kgwetlho ya jone ya ntlha e e masisi ka ntlha ya Setlhopa se se tlhopilweng go batlsisa kgota go sekaseka dikgang ya Kgabo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;249.</ref> Matlhabisaditlhong le go kgaogana mo go neng ga nna teng mo lekokong la BDP go ne ga dira gore lekoko la BNF le nne lekoko la kganetso le le gaisanang thata morago ga ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 1994.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], pp.&#x20;335–336.</ref><ref name=":89" /> Ka go mathata a a oketsegileng a go tsenngwa ga ditoropo go fokotsa motheo wa BDP kwa metseselegaeng, makoko a kganetso a ne a na le bonnye jo bo bonalang mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;33.</ref> Morago ga loso lwa ga Mmusi, Kwelagobe o ne a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Ponatshego_Kedikilwe|Ponatshego Kedikilwe]], mme ba bopa setlhopa se sennye sa Barata-Phathi sa lekoko la BDP. Ba batlhano ba bagolo ba ne ba nna setlhopa se sennye sa A-Team.<ref name=":89" /> Botswana e ne ya solegelwa molemo ke go khutla ga puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa 1994, ka puso e ntšhwa e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Aforika e ne e sa thibele kgolo ya Botswana kgotsa go tsenelela mo ditirong tsa sesole go kgabaganya molelwane.<ref name=":81" /> Fa kgaolo e ntse e tlhomama, ditlhabololo tsa itsholelo tse di tshwanang le mabentlele a magolo, kakanyo e e sa netefadiwang ya dithoto, le bojanala jwa baagi di ne tsa atologa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;675.</ref> Morafe wa Ngwaketse o ne wa nna le kgotlang le puso ka kgwedi ya Moranang ngwaga wa 1994, fa tona ya pusoselegae le mafatshe Patrick Balope a ne a latofatsa kgosi Seepapitso wa bone ka go palelwa ke go diragatsa ditiro tsa gagwe mme a laela gore kgosi e emisiwe—e leng go emisiwa ga bobedi ga puso ya ga Seepapitso.<ref name=":83" /> Morwa wa ga Seepapitso e bong Leema o ne a amogela go tlhomiwa go dira tiro eo, kgatlhanong le dikeletso tsa ga Seepapitso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;141–142.</ref> Morafe o ne wa lwantshana le kgang ya go nna semolao mo go sa tlhaloganyesegeng ga ga Leema le poifo ya gore setso sa morafe ga se kitla se tlhola se lemogiwa, mme go tlosiwa ga gagwe go ne ga nna kgang ya bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;142–143.</ref> Seepapitso o ne a tsenya kganetso ya semolao, mme kgotlatshekelo ya atlhola ka Tlhakole a tlhola malatsia le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 1995 gore le fa go tlosiwa ga ga Seepapitso go ne go le ka fa molaong, go tlhomiwa ga ga Leema go ne go se kafa molaong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;145.</ref> Ka maatla a go tlhoma a ne a buseditswe mo morafeng, ba ne ba gana go tlhopha moeteledipele yo mosha jaaka tsela ya go ikuela. Puso e ne ya ineela mme ya letlelela Seepapitso go busediwa mo tirong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;145–146.</ref> [[:en:Ritual_murder|Polao ya dipheko]] ya ga [[:en:Segametsi_Mogomotsi|Segametsi Mogomotsi]], mosetsana wa dingwaga di le lesome le bone wa kwa [[:en:Mochudi|Mochudi]], e diragetse ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 1994. Dikhuduego tsa loago di ne tsa tsoga fa babelaelwa bao, ba e neng e le borakgwebo le boradipolotiki ba ba humileng, ba ne ba gololwa ka ntlha ya go tlhoka bosupi. Mo dikgweding tse di latelang, go ne ga nna le ditshupetso le dikhuduego tse di neng di eteletswe pele ke baithuti kgatlhanong le tiriso ya ditiro tsa masaitsiweng tse di tshwanang le polao ya dipheko go bona khumo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;286–290.</ref> Go tlhagoga ga bolwetse jo bo [[:en:Contagious_bovine_pleuropneumonia|tshelanwang jwa pleuropneumonia ya dikgomo]] ka ngwaga wa 1995 go ne ga baka dintsho tsa dikgomo di le dikete tse makgolo a mararo le masome a mabedi .<ref name=":88" /> Molao wa Temothuo wa ngwaga ya 1995 o ne wa atolosa thulaganyo ya go dira lefatshe la baagi la le e seng la puso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;7.</ref> Merafe e mennye e ne ya tswelela go kgaratlhela go lemogiwa go simolola ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;163–164.</ref> Puso e simolotse go ntsha batho ba Basarwa mo [[:en:Central_Kalahari_Game_Reserve|Lefelong la Diphologolo la Kalahari]] [[:en:Central_Kalahari_Game_Reserve|la Bogare]] ka ngwaga wa 1995.<ref name=":88" /> Le fa e ne e nganga gore maikaelelo e ne e le go thusa go kopanya baagi ba ba neng ba le kgakala thata, mme e neelana ka leruo go rotloetsa tirisanommogo, mekgatlho ya boditšhabatšhaba e ne ya pega molato puso ka go pateletsa le go [[:en:Forced_displacement|fudusiwa ka dikgoka]] ga batho go dira sebaka sa meepo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;11–12.</ref> Maiteko a ntlha a magolo a semolao a go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa merafe e mennye a ne a tswa mo tshitshinyong ya ngwaga wa 1995 kwa palamenteng ya go tlhalosa molaomotheo jaaka o o sa tseyeng letlhakore mo merafeng, mme o ne wa bewa mo tafoleng. Mokgatlho wa Kamanakao o ne wa tlhamiwa ka one ngwaga oo ke morutegi [[:en:Lydia_Nyati-Ramahobo|Lydia Nyati-Ramahobo]] go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa [[:en:Yeyi_people|batho ba Yeyi]].<ref name=":95">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;215.</ref> Motseletsele wa diphetogo tsa puso le tsa ditlhopho di ne tsa tsenngwa mo tirisong mo dingwageng tsa bofelo tsa bo tautona jwa ga Masire. Tlhokomelo ya ditlhopho e ne ya fetisediwa kwa setheong se se ikemetseng, dingwaga tsa go tlhopa di ne tsa fokodiwa go tswa ko masomeng a mabedi le bongwe go ya ko lesomeng le borobabobedi , go [[:en:Postal_voting|tlhopa ka poso]] go ne ga tsenngwa tirisong, mme ga tsenngwa tirisong melawana ya go sireletsa [[:en:Labour_rights|ditshwanelo tsa badiri]] le [[:en:Gender_equality|tekatekano ya bong]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;168.</ref> Masire o ne a eletsa go tlhama [[:en:Order_of_succession|tatelano e e tlhomameng ya]] [[:en:Order_of_succession|go tlhatlologana]] mo bogosing le go netefatsa gore motlhatlogi wa gagwe yo a mo tlhophileng mothusa Tautona Mogae e nna tautona, ka jalo o ne a dirisana le mmueledi Parks Tafa go kwala paakanyo ya molaotheo. Se se ne sa tsenya tirisong tatelano e e itirisang le [[:en:Term_limit|melelwane ya paka]] ya botautona.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], pp.&#x20;337–338.</ref> O ne a pateletsa paakanyo ka boene.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], pp.&#x20;304–305.</ref> Go fetola itsholelo ya lefatshe, go ne ga tsenngwa tirisong tsamaiso ya nakwana ya go nna le [[:en:Tripartism|makoko a mararo]] go kopanya puso, lekalana le e seng la puso, le baemedi ba badiri.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;169.</ref> Fa lekoko le ne le tlhopha maloko a komiti ya lone ya bogareng ka ngwaga wa 1997, kotsi ya go nna le ditlhopha e ne ya gola mo e leng gore Masire o ne a phimola ditlhopho tsa lone tse di mo teng ga mokgatlho mme a dira gore ditlhopha di mo fe manaane a maina.<ref name=":91" /> === Puso ya ga Festus Mogae === [[Setshwantsho:George Bush with African national leaders February 26, 2002.jpg|thumb|Festus Mogae mmogo le botautona ba mafatshe a sele [[:en:Joaquim_Chissano|Joaquim Chissano]], [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] le [[:en:José_Eduardo_dos_Santos|José Eduardo dos Santos]] ka ngwaga wa 2002]] Masire o ne a tlogela tiro ya botautona ka kgwedi ya Moranang a tlhola letsatsi le le ngwe ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme a latelelelwa ke mothusa tautona Festus Mogae.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2018|Ntuane 2018]], p.&#x20;338.</ref> Mogae o ne a tsaya tshwetso e e neng ya tsosa kganetsano ya go tlhoma Ian Khama, molaodi wa sesole le morwa Seretse Khama, go nna mothusa tautona yo o latelang,<ref name=":72" /> a fetisa kgetho ya gagwe ka go tshosetsa go phatlalatsa palamente.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;305.</ref> Le fa ba ne ba sa tseye letlhakore semmuso fa gare ga ditlhopha tsa lekoko la BDP, Mogae le Khama ka bobedi ba ne ba tlhaloganngwa e le batho ba bagolo mo gare ga A-Team.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLotshwaoSuping2013|Lotshwao &#x26; Suping 2013]], p.&#x20;347.</ref> Ngwaga wa 1998 o ne wa bona nngwe ya dikgaogano tse dintsi mo teng ga lekoko la kganetso la BNF. E ne e kgaogane ka ditlhopha tse pedi: batho ba ba sa rateng diphetogo ba ba neng ba na le ditumelo tsa loago le ba ba neng ba tswelela pele ba ba neng ba na le ditumelo tsa puso ya batho ka batho ya loago. Dikhuduego kwa mokgatlhong wa lekoko di ne tsa dira gore batho ba ba neng ba rata kgatelopele ba kgaogane go nna lekoko la bone, [[:en:Botswana_Congress_Party|Botswana Congress Party]] (BCP), le le neng la nna lekoko le legolo la kganetso go fitlhela ba latlhegelwa ke bontsi jwa manno a bone mo [[:en:1999_Botswana_general_election|ditlhophong tsa]] [[:en:1999_Botswana_general_election|ngwaga wa 1999]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLotshwaoSuping2013|Lotshwao &#x26; Suping 2013]], p.&#x20;344.</ref> Kgaogano e ya kganetso, mmogo le diphetogo tsa selegae tsa dingwaga tse di fetileng, di ne tsa dira gore lekoko la BDP le boelwe ke ditilo dingwe tse e neng ya di latlhegelwa ka ngwaga wa 1994.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], pp.&#x20;168–169.</ref> Maloko a le mmalwa a borwa a boeteledipele jwa lekoko la BCP a ne a boela kwa lekokong la BNF morago ga gore maemo otlhe a a kwa godimo a tsewe ke batho ba bokone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;237.</ref> Go itlhatlosa go ya kwa maemong a merafe ya Tswana, batho ba Yeyi ba ne ba bitsa kgosi e e kwa godimo ka ngwaga wa 1999, fela se se ne sa se ka sa lemogiwa ke Molao wa Bogosi. Ba ne ba tlisa kgang eo kwa Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo, e e neng ya tlhasela thulaganyo e e maleba ya molao e le e e tlhaolang.<ref name=":95" /> Mogae o ne a tlhoma setlhopa se se tlhopilweng go batlisisa kgotsa go sekaseka dikgang ka ngwaga wa 2000 go sekaseka kemedi ya merafe e mennye mo Ntlong ya Dikgosi, mme seo sa baka boipelaetso go tswa mo go ba ba neng ba ikutlwa gore Mogae o batla go nyatsa maatla a dikgosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;239.</ref> Setlhopa se se tlhopilweng go batlisisa kgotsa go sekaseka dikgang se ne sa tlhomamisa gore Ntlo ya Dikgosi e tshwanetse go nna teng, mme ya bidiwa Setswana ''Ntlo ya Dikgosi''.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;216.</ref> Diphetogo tse dingwe tse di fetotsweng ga di a amogelwa morago ga go kgarametswa go tswa mo merafeng e megolo ya Batswana, bogolosegolo ba Ngwato.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;217–218.</ref> Ngwaga o o latelang, batho ba Kgatla-baga-Mmanaana ba ne ba bona kgosi ya bone Gobuamang Gobuamang wa bobedi a amogelwa semmuso jaaka kgosi e nnye mo teng ga kgaolo ya Kwena kwa ba nnang teng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;177.</ref> [[:en:Botswana–Namibia_border|Molelwane wa Botswana le Namibia]] o ne wa tsena mo kganetsanong ka ngwaga wa 1999 fa mafatshe ka bobedi a ne a batla kgaolo mo [[:en:Caprivi_Strip|Mopakong wa Caprivi]].[<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;xx–xxi.</ref>] Ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000, Botswana e ne ya beeletsa thata mo go tlhabololeng sesole sa mowa.<ref name=":93" /> [[:en:Botswana_Television|Setshwantso sa motshikinyego sa Botswana]] se tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa 2000. Lentswe tsa Tsodilo le ne la nna [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe]] ka ngwaga wa 2001. Batho ba Basarwa ba ne ba ntsha kgwetlho ya semolao ka ngwaga wa 2002 go ganetsa go ntshiwa ga bona kwa Central Kalahari Game Reserve, fela kgang e sekisiwang e ne ya tlhokomologiwa. [[:en:Mosadi_Seboko|Mosadi Seboko]] wa [[:en:Lete_people|morafe wa]] [[:en:Lete_people|Balete]] o ne a nna moeteledipele wa ntlha wa mosadi wa morafe ka ngwaga wa 2003.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xxi.</ref> Mogae o ne a dira gore mongwe wa batshwayadiphoso ba ba tlhageletseng thata ba puso, [[:en:Kenneth_Good_(political_scientist)|Kenneth Good]], a lelekwe mo lefatsheng la gagwe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2005.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBotlhomilweSebudubuduMaripe2011|Botlhomilwe, Sebudubudu &#x26; Maripe 2011]], pp.&#x20;333–334.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], pp.&#x20;226–227.</ref> [[:en:Three_Dikgosi_Monument|Sefikantswe sa Dikgosi tse Tharo]] se ne sa bulwa ka ngwaga wa 2005.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;680.</ref> Mogae o ne a tsaya bolwetsi jo bo anameng lefatshe la HIV/AIDS e le kgang e e botlhokwa thata ka nako ya botautona jwa gagwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;226.</ref> Go e lwantsha, o ne a dira gore dikalafi tsa [[:en:Antiretroviral|diantiretroviral]] tsa HIV/AIDS di nne teng mahala.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;225.</ref> === Puso ya ga Ian Khama === [[Setshwantsho:London Conference on The Illegal Wildlife Trade (12499797834).jpg|thumb|Kopano ya ga Ian Khama le [[:en:William_Hague|William Hague]] kwa Lontone]] Ian Khama o ne a latela mo maemong a botautona kwa bokhutlong jwa paka ya ga Mogae ka kgwedi ya Moranang a le letsatsi le lengwe ka ngwaga wa 2008.<ref name=":96">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;306.</ref> Mokgwa wa gagwe wa boeteledipele o ne wa phatlaladiwa jaaka o o latelang "di-D tse nne": puso ya batho ka batho, tlhabololo, seriti, le kotlhao.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMosime2020|Mosime 2020]], p.&#x20;196.</ref> Fa a sena go nna mo setilong, o ne a rulaganya sešwa khuduthamaga ya setšhaba ka mokgwa wa tatelano, a kopanya maatla go dikologa botautona.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], pp.&#x20;227–228.</ref> Khama o ne a gatelela tshireletsego ya setshaba mo tsamaisong ya gagwe. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo maemong a gagwe, Lekalana la Bosenodi le Tshireletsego le ne la itsege ka go dira ditlhodi tse di neng di tlhotlhelediwa ke dipolotiki le go tshwara baganetsi ba gagwe ba sepolotiki. O ne gape a tlhoma batho ba le mmalwa ba pele ba sesole mo pusong ya gagwe<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], pp.&#x20;714–715.</ref> Botswana o ne e sa amege thata mo [[:en:African_Union|Kopanong ya Aforika]] ka nako ya botautona jwa ga Khama, go na le moo e ne ya tlhagisa molawana wa mafatshe a sele a a neng e lebisitswe thata mo Bophirima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMosime2020|Mosime 2020]], p.&#x20;190.</ref> Mathata a matlole a ngwaga wa 2008 a ne a gatelela itsholelo ya Botswana, e e neng ya nna e ikaegile ka meepo ya ditaemane le fa puso e ne e dira maiteko.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMosime2020|Mosime 2020]], p.&#x20;202.</ref> Madirelo a diteemane a ne a fedisa kwelotlase e e tlhomameng fa e ne e tlhomama ka bokana ka karolo ya masome a mararo le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya paloyotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tse di tlhagisitsweng tsa lefatshe ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref name=":76" /> Taolo ya dikgosi e ne ya fetolwa ka ngwaga wa 2008 ka Molao wa Bogosi.<ref name=":92" /> Khama o ne a rotloetsa go neela dikgosi maatla ka leina la go busetsa kotlhao le maitsholo a setso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMosime2020|Mosime 2020]], pp.&#x20;196–197.</ref> O ne a ntsha taelo e e neng ya oketsa dingwaga tsa go nwa tse di kafa molaong go nna masome a mabedi le bongwe, ya fa baeteledipele ba merafe e mennye maatla a go laela gore batho ba itewe, ya tlhama ditlhopha tsa mephato go nna balebedi, le go tsenya gape [[:en:Corporal_punishment_in_schools|kotlhao ya go itaya mo dikolong]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMosime2020|Mosime 2020]], p.&#x20;197.</ref> Dikgosi di le mmalwa tse di sa tswang go tlhongwa di ne tsa tshegetsa melawana e mme tsa tsenya tirisong dikotlhao tse di gagametseng tsa badiraphoso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMosime2020|Mosime 2020]], p.&#x20;197.</ref> Gareng ga bone go ne go na le Kgafela wa bobedi, kgosana ya morafe wa Kgatla. Go dira gore batho ba gagwe ba nne le boitsholo jo bo tlwaelegileng, o ne a oketsa thata go itewa ga batho ba ba neng ba tlola molao. Kgafela le ba bangwe ba ba amegang ba ne ba pegwa molato wa bosenyi ka ntlha ya go dirisa kotlhao ka tsela e e sa siamang ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme kgotlatshekelo e ne ya kgaphela thoko kopo ya gagwe ya go sirelediwa, ya tlhomamisa gore dikgosi ga di na boipuso mme di laolwa ke molaotheo.<ref name=":97">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;157.</ref> Jaaka fa lekoko la BDP le ne le tlhopha boeteledipele jwa lekoko la yone ka ngwaga wa 2009, Khama o ne a tlhoma batho ba le bantsi ba A-Team mo dikomiting tse potlana tsa lekoko le fa Barata-Phathi e ne ya fenya ka nako ya mokgatlho wa lekoko.<ref name=":97" /><ref name=":98">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBotlhomilweSebudubuduMaripe2011|Botlhomilwe, Sebudubudu &#x26; Maripe 2011]], p.&#x20;335.</ref> Fa mokwaledi mogolo wa lekoko leo, Rre [[:en:Gomolemo_Motswaledi|Gomolemo Motswaledi]] a ne a rerisana le babueledi go botsa gore a ditiro tsa ga Khama di ka fa molaong, Khama o ne a dira gore a sekegiwe mo komiting. Morago ga go isa kgang kwa kgotlatshekelo, go ne ga fitlhelwa gore tautona yo o mo maemong ao ga a kgone go sekisiwa semolao, mme Khama o ne a emisa Motswaledi mo BDP gotlhelele.<ref name=":98" />Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2010, Khama o ne a emisa mme morago a ntsha maloko a mangwe a le mmalwa a lekalana le le mo teng ga lekoko la Barata-Phathi mo lekokong BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLotshwaoSuping2013|Lotshwao &#x26; Suping 2013]], pp.&#x20;354–355.</ref> Se se ne sa baka go kgaogana ga ntlha ga BDP ka Mopitlwe fa lekoko la Barata-Phathi le ne le tswa mo lekokong go bopa Mokgatlho wa Botswana wa Temokerasi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLotshwaoSuping2013|Lotshwao &#x26; Suping 2013]], p.&#x20;345.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBotlhomilweSebudubuduMaripe2011|Botlhomilwe, Sebudubudu &#x26; Maripe 2011]], p.&#x20;344.</ref> Molao wa Tirelosetšhaba o tsentswe tirisong ka ngwaga wa 2010, o dira gore badiredipuso ba dire ditshupetso ka ha molaong mo maemong mangwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;306.</ref> Mo ngwageng o o latelang, Mokgatlho wa Botswana wa Mekgatlho ya Badiri (BOFEPUSU) o ne wa etelela pele ditshupetso tsa dikgwedi di le pedi mo gare ga badiredipuso ba lefatshe go batla tuelo ya karolo ya lesome le borataro mo lekgolong, mme puso ya tsiboga ka go ntsha diketekete tsa badiri mo maemong a bone.<ref name=":96" /> Go ntshiwa ga batho go ne go okametswe ke [[:en:Mokgweetsi_Masisi|Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Tona ya Merero ya Botautona.<ref name=":99">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;307.</ref> Go ganetsa boemo jwa puso, BOFEPUSU e ne ya tlhofofatsa go kopanngwa ga makoko a magolo a kganetso go nna [[:en:Umbrella_for_Democratic_Change|Sekhukhu sa Phetogo ya puso ya batho ka batho]] (UDC).<ref name=":96" /> Setlhopha se sešwa se se ne se eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Duma_Boko|Duma Boko]], yo o neng a tsere taolo ya BNF ka ngwaga wa 2010 mme a laola dipuo tsa yona.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;715.</ref> Khama o ne a diragatsa diphetogo tse di nonofileng tsa tshomarelo ka nako ya botautona jwa gagwe, bogolo jang mabapi le go tsoma. Le fa ba ne ba opa diatla kwa mahatsheng a mangwe le go bopa leina la Botswana jaaka "kgakgamatso e tala", ba ne ba kopana le go kgobega marapo mo nageng ka ntlha ya ditsela tse di neng di dirisiwa go tswa kwa godimo go ya kwa tlase, bogolosegolo go tswa mo go ba ba nnang mo mafelong a a tlhomilweng a tshomarelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLaRoccoMogende2022|LaRocco &#x26; Mogende 2022]], p.&#x20;23.</ref> Melawana e e ne e akaretsa go oketsega ga mekgwa ya sesole e e kgatlhanong le go tsoma diphologolo; digongwana tse di kgatlhanong le go tsoma di ne di tsentswe ditlhobolo tse di itirisang go tlaleletsa melawana ya go thuntsha go bolaya kgatlhanong le batho ba ba belaelwang gore ke batsomi.<ref name=":94" /> Lekoko la BDP le ne la boloka bontsi jwa yone mo lekgotleng la peomolao morago ga [[:en:2014_Botswana_general_election|ditlhopho tse di latelang]], mme e le lekgetho la ntlha e ne ya dira jalo ka bontsi fela jwa ditlhopo tsa batho.<ref>[[Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;705.</ref> Ian Khama o ne a tlhoma Masisi go nna mothusa tautona wa gagwe.<ref name=":99" /> Tshwetso e ne ya tsosa kganetsano ka ntlha ya go tlhoka maitemogelo ga ga Masisi fa go bapisiwa le ditlhopho tse dingwe tse di ka kgonegang.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLaRoccoMogende2022|LaRocco &#x26; Mogende 2022]], p.&#x20;33.</ref> Go ya ka Mogae, Masisi o ne a tlhophiwa ka tlhaloganyo ya gore o tla tlhoma [[:en:Tshekedi_Khama_II|Tshekedi Khama]] [[:en:Tshekedi_Khama_II|wa bobedi]] go nna mothusa tautona morago ga go tsaya botautona ka boene.<ref name=":99" /> Botsalo Ntuane o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Mokwaledi Mogolo wa lekoko la BDP ka ngwaga 2015 mo seraleng sa twantsho tshenyetso setshaba le phetolo ya ditlhopho. Se se ne sa tshosetsa tlholego e e tseneletseng ya lekoko la BDP, mme Ntuane a bona mmaba wa sepolotiki kwa Masisi.<ref name=":99" /> Khama o ne a le bobaba mo bobegadikgannyeng, bogolo jang mo mafelong a a neng a sa dumalane le ditiro tsa puso ya gagwe. O ne a na le babegadikgang ba babedi ba ba neng ba latofadiwa ka [[:en:Sedition|botsuolodi]] ka ngwaga wa 2017, mme moragonyana ditatofatso di ne tsa latlhiwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;714.</ref> === Puso ya ga Mokgweetsi Masisi === [[Setshwantsho:Illegal Wildlife Trade Conference London 2018 (45245990491).jpg|thumb|Mokgweetsi Masisi a bua kwa bokopanong jo bo neng bo bua ka kgwebisano e e seng ka fa molaong ya diphologolo tsa naga kwa lefatsheng la [[:en:London|London]] ka ngwaga wa 2018]] Masisi o ne a nna tautona kwa bokhutlong jwa paka ya ga Khama ka kgwedi ya Moranang a tlhola letsatsi le le lengwe ka ngwaga wa 2018. Fa ditlhopho tsa [[:en:2019_Botswana_general_election|kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 2019]] di ntse di atamela, Masisi o ne a tlhama setshwantsho sa go ipharologanya le Khama, a itlhagisa jaaka motho yo o [[:en:Anti-corruption|lwantshanang le bonweenwee]] fa a ntse a tshegetsa bobegakgang le BOFEPUSU.<ref name=":02">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;716.</ref><ref name=":02" /> Letsholo la gagwe la go lwantsha bonweenwee le ne la felela ka go tshwarwa ga ga Isaac Kgosi, yo o neng a eteletse pele Bokaedi jwa Botlhodi le Tshireletso mo pusong ya ga Khama.<ref name=":110">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;717.</ref><ref name=":110" /> Masisi o ne a tswelela ka go busetsa morago bontsi jwa melawana ya ga Khama.<ref name=":110" /> Gareng ga tse e ne e le go phimolwa ga melawana ya tshomarelo, go akaretsa le thibelo ya go tsoma e e neng e tsoma e e neng e lebisitswe mo kgwebong ya [[:en:Ivory_trade|manaka a tlou]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLaRoccoMogende2022|LaRocco &#x26; Mogende 2022]], pp.&#x20;23–24, 33–34.</ref> O ne gape a okametse go fedisiwa ga go tsewa go ratana ka bong bole bongwe e le molato.<ref>Rotberg 2023, pp.&#x20;228–229.</ref> Fa se se ntse se tsweletse, Masisi le Khama ba nna baganetsi go na le go nna balekane. Khama o ne a leka go thapa [[:en:Pelonomi_Venson-Moitoi|Pelonomi Venson-Moitoi]] go nna ntlhopheng yo mongwe wa BDP kgatlhanong le Masisi, mme fa seo se palelwa, o ne a itlhomela lekoko la gagwe, la [[:en:Botswana_Patriotic_Front|Botswana Patriotic Front]] (BPF).<ref name=":99" /><ref name=":110" /> Lekoko la BDP le ne la boelwa ke bontsi jwa ditlhopho tsa batho ka ngwaga wa 2019,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;703.</ref> mme ditlhopho di ne tsa senngwa ke kgatelelo ya puso le diphuruphutsho tsa nako le nako kgatlhanong le batho ba kganetso. Lekoko la UDC le ne la gwetlha maduo, mme ga di a atlega.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;308.</ref> Diphetogo tsa kgaolo di ne tsa fetoga ka ngwaga wa 2019 jaaka fa lekoko la BDP le ne le latlhegelwa ke thotloetso nngwe kwa bokone fa e ntse e oketsa tlhotlheletso ya yone kwa borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;231.</ref> Ditlhopho gape di ne tsa bona lekokokganetso le legolo, BNF, le latlhegelwa ke BCP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;704.</ref> Jaaka ditšhaba di le dintsi, [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Botswana|Botswana e ne ya bona kwelotlase e e kgolo ya tsholelo ka nako ya tlhaselo ya bolwetsi jwa COVID-19]], mme lefatshe le ne la nna [[:en:COVID-19_lockdowns|mo thibelong ya metsamao]] bontsi jwa ngwaga wa 2020 le ngwaga wa 2021.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;309.</ref> Mofuta wa SARS-CoV-2 Omicron o ribolotswe kwa Botswana moragonyana ka ngwaga wa 2021.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;229.</ref> Maikutlo a a kgatlhanong le makula a ne a anama ka setšhaba sa makula kwa Botswana se ne se humile thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;310.</ref> Khama o ne a tshabela kwa lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa a le kwa botshabelo ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ka ngwaga wa 2021, mme puso ya Botswana ya mo latofatsa ka go nna le dibetsa e se ka fa molaong ka bonako morago ga moo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], pp.&#x20;311–312.</ref> === Puso ya ga Duma Boko === [[Setshwantsho:Secretary Rubio Meets with Botswana President Boko (54371806715).jpg|thumb|Duma Boko o ikanisa tumalano le lefatshe la Amerika ka ngwaga wa 2025]] Lekoko la [:en:Umbrella_for_Democratic_Change][[:en:Umbrella_for_Democratic_Change|Sekhukhu sa Phetogo ya puso ya batho ka batho]] (UDC) le nnile lekokokganetso la ntlha mo Botswana go tsaya puso morago ga phenyo ya lone mo [[:en:2024_Botswana_general_election|ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa]] [[:en:2024_Botswana_general_election|ngwaga wa 2024]] , mme se sa fedisa dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le borobabobedi tsa puso ya [[:en:Botswana_Democratic_Party|lekoko la Botswana la batho ka batho]] (BDP).<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMuiaZane2024|Muia &#x26; Zane 2024]]</ref> Mo puisanong ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Maemo a Setšhaba ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 2024, Duma Boko o boletse gore puso ya gagwe e tla kgaratlhela go oketsa dipeeletso mo maatleng a letsatsi, [[:en:Cannabis|motokwane]] ya kalafi le mofuta wa motokwane o o lengwang ka lebaka la madirelo. O ne gape a itsise ditirisano le [[:en:Elon_Musk|Elon Musk]] go atolosa phitlhelelo ya mafaratlhatlha a maranyane e e teng lefatshe ka bophara ka [[:en:Starlink|Starlink]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFFrance242024|France24 2024]]</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2025, Botswana e ne ya romela sathalaete ya yone ya ntlha, e leng [[:en:BOTSAT‑1|BOTSAT‐1,]] kwa lefaufaung.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRanjan2025|Ranjan 2025]]</ref> [[:en:Duma_Boko|Boko]] o ne a tsenela go itsisiwe semmuso ga sathalaete, e e neng ya tshwarelwa kwa mafelong a [[:en:SpaceX|SpaceX]] kwa lefatsheng la United States.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNamunwa2025|Namunwa 2025]].</ref> == Bona gape == * Lekwalokwalo la Botswana * Setso sa Botswana * Dipalopalo tsa Botswana * Itsholelo ya Botswana * Thutafatshe ya Botswana * Ditso tsa Aforika * Ditso tsa Borwa jwa Aforika * Ditso tsa Gaborone * Lenaane la dikgang tse di amanang le Botswana * Lenaane la dingwaga mo Botswana * Tlhaloso ya Botswana * Mola wa nako wa Botswana * Mola wa nako ya Gaborone * Dipolotiki tsa Botswana == Dintlhana tse di kwa tlase == <references /> == Metswedi == === Dibuka === * Denbow, James R.; Thebe, Phenyo C. (2006). Culture and Customs of Botswana. Greenwood Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-33178-7</nowiki>. OCLC 62118271. * Gulbrandsen, Ørnulf (2012). The State and the Social: State Formation in Botswana and its Precolonial and Colonial Genealogies. Berghahn Books. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-85745-298-6</nowiki>. * Hillbom, Ellen; Bolt, Jutta (2018). Botswana – A Modern Economic History. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73144-5. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-319-73144-5</nowiki>. * Holm, John D.; Molutsi, Patrick P. (1992). "State-Society Relations in Botswana: Beginning Liberalization". In Hydén, Göran; Bratton, Michael (eds.). Governance and Politics in Africa. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 75–95. doi:10.1515/9781685853297. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-55587-285-4</nowiki>. * Jackson, Ashley (1999). Botswana, 1939-1945: An African Country at War. Clarendon Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-820764-1</nowiki>. * Leith, James Clark (2005). Why Botswana Prospered. McGill-Queen's University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7735-2821-5</nowiki>. * Molutsi, Patrick (2004). "Botswana: The Path to Democracy and Development". In Gyimah-Boadi, E. (ed.). Democratic Reform in Africa. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 159–182. doi:10.1515/9781685857325. <nowiki>ISBN 9781685857325</nowiki>. * Nyamnjoh, Francis B. (2007). "'Ever-Diminishing Circles': The Paradoxes of Belonging in Botswana". In de la Cadena, Marisol; Starn, Orin (eds.). Indigenous Experience Today. Routledge. pp. 305–332. <nowiki>ISBN 9781003085690</nowiki>. * Rotberg, Robert I. (2023). "Botswana: Africa's Democratic Exception". Overcoming the Oppressors: White and Black in Southern Africa. Oxford University Press. pp. 192–231. <nowiki>ISBN 9780197674239</nowiki>. * Samatar, Abdi Ismail (1999). An African Miracle: State and Class Leadership and Colonial Legacy in Botswana Development. Heinemann. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-325-00068-8</nowiki>. * Tlou, Thomas; Campbell, Alec C. (1997) [1984]. History of Botswana (2nd ed.). Macmillan Botswana. <nowiki>ISBN 9991278087</nowiki>. r0gpu1d4fo9kikw8ewp6besx663oi2d 0 14451 52735 52556 2026-07-18T23:58:29Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52735 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Botswana China Locator 2.png|thumb]] '''Botsalano jwa Botswana le China''' ke botsalano jwa nako ya gompieno le jwa mo ditsong gareng ga mafatshe a [[Botswana]] le [[China|People's Republic of China]]. Botsalano bo simologile ka Firikgong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le botlhano.<ref>[[:en:David_H._Shinn|Shinn, David H.]]; Eisenman, Joshua (2023). ''China's Relations with Africa: a New Era of Strategic Engagement''. New York: [[:en:Columbia_University_Press|Columbia University Press]]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-231-21001-0|<bdi>978-0-231-21001-0</bdi>.]]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome, ka nako ya go tlhomamisiwa dingwaga di le masome a mararo le botlhano tsa botsalano jwa mafatshe a, botsalano jwa one bo ne bo bonwa bo nonofile gape bo gola ka bofefo ke moemedi wa lefatshe la China kwa Botswana wa nako eo [[Liu Huanxing]].<ref name=":0">[https://www.mmegi.bw/artculture-review/street-horn-sponsors-star-studded-show/news Memories and blessings of China-Botswana relations] Mmegi.bw, 6 January 2010</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le setse morago molao wa China o mongwefela o o rayang gore lefatshe la Botswana ga le tsalane le Republic of China ([[Taiwan]]). Morago ga thromo ya lefatshe ya kwa Sichuan ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi kwa China, puso ya Botswana e ne ya abela lefatshe leo sedikadike sa madi a [[Botswana pula|pula]].<ref name=":0" /> == Tlhabolo itsholelo == Go simolola ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a robabobedi, botsalano jwa itsholelo le kgwebo bo ne jwa ya magoletsa gareng ga mafatshe a mabedi a. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi, bokete jwa di tsa kgwebo gareng ga Botswana le China e ne e le didikadike di le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro a di dolara tsa America. Go tswa ka Firikgong go tsena Phalane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe, bokete bo ne bo ntse bo le mo didikadikeng di le lekgolo, masome a robabongwe le boraro mo sebakeng sa dikgwedi tse di lesome le ntswa gone go na le kwelo tlase e kgolo ya itsholelo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe, matona a puso a China a ne a gwetlha lefatshe la Botswana go atolosa botsalano jwa itsholelo, bogolo jang mo mohameng wa tlhwatlhwa wa teemane ya Botswana, ba supa fa China e tlhoka diteemane fa mafatshe a mangwe a itsholelo e e kwa godimo a fokoditse go e tlhoka. === Thuso ya China ya madi a ditlhabololo === Fa e sale bokopano jwa ntlha jwa tirisanommogo ya China le [[Aferika|Aforika]] ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, puso ya China e isitse madi a ka nna didikadike di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le borobabongwe tsa di dolara kwa Botswana go dirisiwa mo ditlhabololong. Mo mading ao otlhe, didikadike di le masome matlhano le bobedi fela di wela ka fa tlase ga OECD-DAC kgotsa thuso ya tlhabololo e e tlhomamisitsweng. Banka ya China ya Exim e ne ya thusa ka madi aa setseng go thusa Botswana go aga porojeke ya tsela ya Letlhakeng-Kang.<ref>Austin Strange, Bradley C. Parks, Michael J. Tierney, Andreas Fuchs, Axel Dreher, and Vijaya Ramachandran. 2013. China’s Development Finance to Africa: A Media-Based Approach to Data Collection. CGD Working Paper 323. Washington DC: Center for Global Development. https://web.archive.org/web/20180120070811/http://aiddata.org/projects?utf8=%E2%9C%93&search=&active_string%5B%5D=Active&country_name%5B%5D=Botswana&scope_names%5B%5D=Official+Finance%7B%7BDead</ref> Lefatshe la China le adimisitse lefatshe la Botswana madi a go aga porojeke ya seporo sa Mosetse-Kazungula, se se tlaa kopanyang seporo le [[Zambia]] ka [[borogo jwa Kazungula]].<ref name=":1">[https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2163396/botswana-says-china-agreed-extend-loan-and-cancel-debt "Botswana says China agreed to extend loan and cancel debt".] Reuters. September 9, 2018.</ref> Ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi, lefatshe la China le ne la boela morago sekoloto sa masome a robabobedi se se neng se kolotiwa ke Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> == Botsalano jwa itsholelo == Go kgona go godisa itsholelo, China e thusitse ka madi a diporojeke di le mmalwa tsa kago go ralala Botswana. Diporojeke tse di ne di le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ka Firikgong ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome, di akaretsa diporo, ditsela, dipatela le matlo a tlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase.<ref name=":0" /> == Botsalano jwa ngwao == Lefatshe la China le thusitse go tlhama sekolo sa Confucius Institute kwa Mmadikolo wa Botswana, se se butseng ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe. Sekolo se se rotloetsa ngwao ya China, ditso le puo kwa Mmadikolo. Palo e e golelang pele ya Batswana ba tsere maeto go ya China; ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano, Batswana ba le makgolo a mane ba ne ba etela lefatshe leo, fa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi, ba le sekete le makgolo a mane ba dirile jalo.<ref name=":0" /> == Botsalano jwa polotiki == Lefatshe la Botswana le setse morago molao wa China o mongwefela. Le lemoga lefatshe la People's Republic of China e le yone fela puso ya China, Taiwan e le bontlha jo bo botlhokwa jwa kgaolo ya China, le ema nokeng maiteko otlhe a PRC a go nna seopo sengwe ga mafatshe. Le lemoga gape fa [[Hong Kong]], [[Xinjiang]] le [[Tibet]] e le dikgang tsa legae la China.<ref>[https://interactives.lowyinstitute.org/features/one-china-contest-to-define-taiwan/ "Five One-Chinas: The contest to define Taiwan".] ''Lowy Institute''. Retrieved 2026-07-15</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Botsalano jwa lefatshe la Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe]] * [[Botsalano jwa lefatshe la China le mafatshe a mangwe]] == Metswedi == h4ld0dhtpb3dm9kdmtj153fzyu9rbq0 0 14480 52742 52654 2026-07-19T01:16:29Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area|name=Khama Rhino Sanctuary|map_image=Botswana physical map.svg|coordinates=22°14′05″S 26°43′12″E|area_ha=8,585|created=1989|visitation_num=dikete di le masome mabedi le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2016|website=khamarhinosanctuary.com|image_map=Rinocerontes blancos (Ceratotherium simum), Santuario de Rinocerontes Khama, Botsuana, 2018-08-02, DD 04.jpg}} [[Setshwantsho:Rinocerontes blancos (Ceratotherium simum), Santuario de Rinocerontes Khama, Botsuana, 2018-08-02, DD 04.jpg|thumb|Ditshukudu tse ditshweu]] '''Khama Rhino Sanctuary''' ke porojeke ya diphologolo tsa naga ya setshaba mo [[Botswana]],<ref name=":0">[https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/explore/khama-rhino-sanctuary "Khama Rhino Sanctuary".] Botswana Tourism. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> e dikhilomithara di le masome a mabedi le botlhano kwa ntle ga [[Serowe]].<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230627164202/https://africanconservation.org/botswana-khama-rhino-sanctuary-flourishes-2/ "Botswana: Khama Rhino Sanctuary flourishes".] African Conservation Foundation. 2010-02-15. Archived from [https://africanconservation.org/botswana-khama-rhino-sanctuary-flourishes-2/ the original] on 2023-06-27. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> E apesitse bophara jwa diheketara di le dikete di robabobedi, makgolo a matlhano, masome a robabobedi, le botlhano tsa sekgwa se se motlhaba sa kalahari, gape ke legae la di[[tshukudu]] tse dintsho le tse di tshweu gammogo le mefuta ya diphologolo e feta masome a mararo le mefuta e feta makgolo a mabedi le masome a mararo a dinonyane.<ref name=":2">Motlhoka, Thobo (2022-11-17). [https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/africa/botswana/rhino-killed-botswana-sanctuary-b2227172.html "Was a rhino killed in Botswana's Khama Rhino Sanctuary?".] The Independent. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Lefelo le, le tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi go thusa go boloka ditshukudu tse di neng di nyelela le go tsosolosa diphologolo tsa naga tse di neng di nna koo mo ditsong, ga mmogo le go tlhabolola motse o o mabapi.<ref name=":1" /> Fa godimo ga go go gwedisa ditshukudu,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251108000513/https://greatplainsfoundation.com/an-update-on-rhinos-without-borders-most-recent-project/ "An update on Rhinos Without Borders' most recent project".] Great Plains Foundation. 2016-07-15. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> lefelo le gape le na le lefelo la thuto ya tikologo, mafelo a go kampa, mafelo a boroko, le lefelo la dijo. Bontsi jwa madi a tswa mo bojanaleng le go rekisetsa masimo a mangwe diphologolo fa palo e fitile lefelo leo.<ref name=":1" /> == Ditso le tshomarelo == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe, ka matshwenyego a go bolawa ga ditshukudu, banni ba [[Serowe]] ba ne ba aga lefelo la tshomarelo diphologolo tsa naga ka kemo nokeng ya ga [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]].<ref name=":0" /> Ditshukudu tsa ntlha tse ditshweu di le nne di ne tsa tsisiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi, lefelo la fiwa lefelo leo semmuso gaufi le pane ya Serwe, letsha le le kgadileng, ke Land Board ya Ngwato ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro. Tshukudu e ntsho, e e neng e gomagomediwa ke go nyelela, e ne ya busediwa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">[https://independent-travellers.com/botswana/khama/ "Khama Rhino Sanctuary, November 2017]". ''Independent Travellers''. independent-travellers.com. Retrieved 17 July 2026</ref> Lefelo le, ke legae la diphologolo tse dingwe tsa naga tse di nnang koo ka tlholego kgotsa di tsisitswe go stwa mafelong a mangwe.<ref name=":3" /> Di akaretsa dithutlwa, diphofu, dikgama tse dikhibidu, dikukama, dipitse tsa naga, dikgokong tse di tala, ditshephe, diphala, ditholo, mangau<ref name=":1" />, bo phokojwe ba mokwatla o montsho, diphiri, matlotse, bommantshwe, bothwane, diphage<ref name=":0" />, diphuti le tse dingwe.<ref name=":3" /> Mefuta ya dinonyane tse di bonwang kwa lefelong le di akaretsa dikgaka le manong.<ref>[https://ebird.org/hotspot/L2432822?yr=all&m=&rank=mrec&hs_sortBy=count&hs_o=asc "Khama Rhino Sanctuary Sightings".] eBird. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Porojeke kgolo e e diriwang ke Khama Rhino Sanctuary ke ya go gwedisa ditshukudu. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone, ditshukudu le masome mabedi le borobabobedi di ne dii fuduseditswe kwa mafelong a mangwe kwa borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref>Pflanz, Mike (2014-03-02). [https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2014/0302/The-ivory-police "The ivory police".] The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Maranyane a lefelo le a bega fa maikaelelo a lone e le go dira tikologo e mo go yone ditshukudu tse ditshweu le tse dintsho di ka gwela ka phuthulogo, le go di busetsa mo mafelong a tsone a tlholego.<ref name=":1" /> Tshukudu ya ntlha e ntsho e tshotswe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa, fa tse pedi tse ditshweu di tshotswe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Ditshukudu ste di mo lefelong le di sireleditswe ka go disa batho ba ba di bolayang mo go diriwang ke batsomi le masole a [[Botswana]]. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone, go ne go sena ditshukudu dipe tse di neng di bolailwe mo lefelong leo fa le sale le bulwa.<ref>Smith, David (2014-02-13). [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/feb/13/rhinos-south-africa-botswana-anti-poaching-drive "Rhinos to be moved from South Africa to Botswana in anti-poaching drive".] The Guardian. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Morago ga dingwaga di ka nna masome a mararo a go nna lefelo la tshireletsego, ditshukudu di le pedi tse ditshweu di ne tsa begiwa ke ba lephata la diphologolo tsa nana fa di bolailwe ke batsomi ba ba neng ba itshupa e le baeng ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi; lefelo leo le ganetsa fa di ne di le mo lefelong la bone.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Tlhankane, Mompati (2023-02-24). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/khama-sanctuary-no-longer-safe-haven/news "Khama Sanctuary no longer safe haven".] MmegiOnline. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref><ref>Flanagan, Jane (2022-08-26). [https://www.thetimes.com/uk/environment/article/poachers-pose-as-visitors-to-kill-rhinos-in-a-botswana-sanctuary-s0k6mh7rw "Poachers pose as visitors to kill rhinos in a Botswana sanctuary".] The Sunday Times. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ka Moranang ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro, ditshukudu di le nne di ne tsa thuntshiwa, tse pedi tsa swa, le nstwa maikaelelo a sa itsewe ka dinaka tsa tsone di ne di santse di le mo go tsone.<ref>Dube, Mqondisi (2023-04-13). [https://www.voanews.com/a/botswana-on-alert-after-shooting-of-rhinos-in-sanctuary/7049324.html "Botswana on Alert After Shooting of Rhinos in Sanctuary".] VOA News. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> == Metswedi == jpf2g03xrzu03fo84xxdwsvinos92q6 0 14488 52737 52692 2026-07-19T00:28:39Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52737 wikitext text/x-wiki Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso di ne tsa tshwarwa kwa [[Botswana]] ka kgwedi ya Phalaneele masome a mabedi le boraro,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe go tlhopha maloko a Palamente le makhanselara a puso ya selegae. <ref>in May 2019 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304151836/https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/botswana-to-hold-elections-on-october-23-20190831|date=2020-03-04}} News 24, 31 August 2019</ref>Le fa go ne go na le kgaogano e kgolo mo lekokong la [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP) ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe fa Tautona wa maloba [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] a ne a tlogela lekoko mme a fetola tshegetso ya gagwe go ya go [[Botswana Patriotic Front]] e ntšhwa, palo ya ditalama tsa lekoko la BDP e ne ya oketsega go nna 53% fa lekoko le ne le gapa ditilo di le masome a mararo le borobabobedi mo go tse masome a matlhano le bosupa tse di tlhophilweng mo [[Kokoanong Bosetšhaba]], e leng phitlhelelo e le nngwe fa go bapisiwa le ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone . Ditlhopho e ne e le phenyo ya bolesomepedi e e latelanang ya BDP. Go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro, e ne e le lekgetlo la bofelo BDP e fenya ditlhopho tsa kakaretso. == Se se diragetseng == Morago ga ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, go ne go na le makoko a mabedi a a ganetsanang mo palamenteng: [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] (lekgotla la Botswana National Front, [[Botswana Movement for Democracy]] le Botswana People's Party), le [[Botswana Congress Party]] (BCP). Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa , Botswana Congress Party (BCP) le yona e ne ya tsenela [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]], e e kopanyang makoko otlhe a kganetso a palamente.<ref>[http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details-archive.php?nid=3455 Boko unveils new UDC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101130440/http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details-archive.php?nid=3455|date=2020-01-01}} Weekend Post, 13 February 2017</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa, [[Alliance for Progressives|Alliance for Progressives,]] e e eteletsweng pele ke [[Ndaba Gaolathe]], e ne ya kgaogana le Botswana Movement for Democracy (BMD). <ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201710300228.html Botswana: Alliance for Progressives Launches] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120194616/https://allafrica.com/stories/201710300228.html|date=2019-01-20}} Botswana Daily News</ref>BMD e ne ya lelekwa mo mokgatlhong ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi morago ga go gana go tlogela dikgaolo tsa ditlhopho tse e neng e di abetswe kwa tshimologong.<ref>[http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=5758 UDC kicks out BMD, at last..]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010723/http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=5758|date=2019-01-21}} Weekend Post, 29 October 2018</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang e rongwa,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobaboobedi, [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] wa [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP) o ne a ikana jaaka Tautona wa botlhano wa Botswana, a emisetsa [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]]. BDP e ne ya tshwara ditlhopho tsa yona tsa ntlha ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ele masome a mabedi le kgwedi ya Phatwe e le masome a mabedi le botlhano,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi go tlhopha bontlhopheng ba yona, ka bontlhopheng ba ba fetang sekete le makgolo a mararo ba ba neng ba itlhaganelela go tlhophiwa go tsenela ditlhopho tsa kakaretso. <ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201808240254.html Botswana: BDP, AP Hold Primary Elections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104020231/https://allafrica.com/stories/201808240254.html|date=2019-11-04}} Botswana Daily News</ref>Morago ga go sa utlwane le Masisi, Khama o ne a tlogela BDP ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwemme a itsise gore o tla dira letsholo kgatlhanong le lekoko la gagwe la pele go tshegetsa Botswana Patriotic Front. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190905023418/http://www.sundaystandard.info/khama-officially-quits-bdp-new-party-confirmed Khama officially quits BDP as new party is confirmed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905023418/http://www.sundaystandard.info/khama-officially-quits-bdp-new-party-confirmed|date=2019-09-05}} Sunday Standard, 26 May 2019</ref> == Tsamaiso ya ditlhopho == Maloko a le masome a marataro le botlhano a [[Kokoano Bosetšhaba]] a ne a na le maloko a le masaome a matlhano le bosupa a a tlhophilweng ka ditlhopho tsa leloko le le lengwe ka ntlha ya ditlhopho tsa pele, maloko a le marataro a a tlhophilweng ke lekoko le le busang, le maloko a le mabedi a ex-officio (Tautona le sebui).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230527225716/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/frequently-asked-questions#q1 "FAQs".] ''Parliament of Botswana''. Retrieved 21 April 2022.</ref> Batlhophi ba ne ba tshwanetse go nna baagi ba Botswana le go nna le dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi, le go nna mo nageng eo bonnye dikgwedi di le lesome le bobedi pele ba ka ikwadisa go nna batlhophi. Batho ba ba neng ba kaiwa ba sa itekanela mo tlhaloganyong, ba na le boagi jo bo gabedi, ba ne ba le ka fa tlase ga katlholo ya loso, ba ne ba bonwe molato wa tlolomolao ya ditlhopho kgotsa ba tshwerwe bonnye dikgwedi di le thataro ba ne ba sa letlelelwa go tlhopha.<ref name=":0">[http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2041_B.htm Electoral system] IPU</ref> Bakgethi ba ne ba tshwanetse go nna baagi ba Botswana, ba na le dingwaga di le masome a mabedi le bongwe, ba sena go latlhegelwa ke madi mme ba kgona go bua le go bala Seesimane sentle go ka tsaya karolo mo ditsamaisong tsa palamente.<ref name=":0" /> Ditlhabololo di le mmalwa tse di tshitshintsweng tsa Molao wa Ditlhopho, go akaretsa go tsenngwa ga go bouta ka eleketeroniki le koketsego ya dituelo tsa go thapiwa, di ne tsa tlogelwa ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/botswana/politics-2019.htm Botswana - 2019 Election] Global Security</ref> Letsatsi la ditlhopho le malatsi a mabedi a a latelang a ne a bolelwa e le malatsi a boikhutso a setšhaba.<ref>Menzi Ndhlovu: ''[https://mg.co.za/article/2019-10-17-khamas-hand-still-rocks-botswana Khama’s hand still rocks Botswana.]'' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023140538/https://mg.co.za/article/2019-10-17-khamas-hand-still-rocks-botswana/|date=2019-10-23}} [[:en:Mail_&_Guardian|Mail & Guardian]], 17 October 2019.</ref> == Maduo == == Ditlamorago == [[African Union]] le [[SADC]] di ne tsa bitsa ditlhopho di re di gololesegile e bile di siame, mme di ne tsa tshwaya phoso tlhaelo ya enke e e sa phimogeng le mabokoso a go bouta a a phatsimang kwa mafelong a ditlhopho. <ref>[https://freedomhouse.org/country/botswana/freedom-world/2020 "Botswana: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report".] Retrieved 18 May 2020.</ref> Batlhatlhobi ba boditšhabatšhaba ba ne ba bolela fa ditlhopho di le "kgololesegile e bile di siame". <ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-election-idUSKBN1X40KS "Botswana's Masisi retains presidency as BDP wins election".] ''Reuters''. 25 October 2019.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe moeteledipele wa kganetso [[Duma Boko]] o ne a re go nnile le "go sa tsamaisaneng go gogolo ga ditlhopho" mme a bolela gore o ikaeletse go gwetlha dipholo kwa kgotlatshekelo. <ref>MTHOKOZISI DUBE (1 November 2019). [https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/botswana-opposition-leader-questions-election-results-wants-to-challenge-them-court-36432492 "Botswana opposition leader questions election results, wants to challenge them court".] ''IOL''. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.</ref> Boikuelo bo ne jwa ganwa kwa tshimologong ke Kgotlatshekelo Kgolo ka Sedimonthole, mme Boko e ne ya ikuela ka katlego kwa Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo kwa tshimologong ya kgwedi ya Ferikgong ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200112095003/https://www.france24.com/en/20200108-botswana-opposition-wins-right-to-challenge-election-result "Botswana opposition wins right to challenge election result - France 24".] ''France 24''. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, kwa theetsong e e tletseng kwa bokhutlong jwa Ferikgong, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya gana dikopo ka ntlha ya gore e ne e sena taolo e e lekaneng go di reetsa. <ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=84202&dir=2020/january/31 Court of Appeal ends UDC petition case with dismissal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004052128/https://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=84202&dir=2020%2Fjanuary%2F31|date=2020-10-04}} Mmegi Online, 31 January 2020</ref> == Metswedi == 24jupwk4v44u323bzy7r9118bcvrfoy 0 14489 52695 2026-07-18T17:19:37Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 1994 52695 wikitext text/x-wiki Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso di ne tsa tshwarwa kwa [[Botswana]] ka kgwedi ya Phalane ele lesome le botlhano,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone, mmogo le ditlhopho tsa selegae ka nako e le nngwe.<ref>[https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/697476 "Election Watch".] ''Journal of Democracy''. '''6''' (1). 1995. ISSN&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1086-3214 1086-3214.]</ref> Diphetho e ne e le phenyo ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP),<ref>[[:en:Dieter_Nohlen|Dieter Nohlen,]] Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'', p113 ISBN</ref>e e neng e fentse ditlhopho tsotlhe fa e sale ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano. Le fa go ntse jalo, ditlhopho di ne tsa bona phadisano e tona go tswa kwa [[Botswana National Front]] (BNF), e e neng ya oketsa palo ya maloko a Palamente gararo mme ya fenya ditilo tsotlhe tse nne kwa motsemogolo [[Gaborone|Gaborone.]]<ref name=":0">[http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2041_94.htm Elections held in 1994] IPU</ref> == Se se diragetseng == Morago ga go balwa ga batho ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe, melelwane ya ditlhopho e ne ya dirwa sesha mme go ne ga tlhomiwa ditlhopho tse disha di le thataro. Tse tlhano tsa tsona di ne di le mo mafelong a ditoropo, e leng se se neng se tsewa e le karoganyo e e utlwalang ya dikgaolo tsa ditlhopho; Gaborone e ne ya bona tse tharo, [[Francistown]] e ne ya bona e le nngwe mme [[Lobatse]] ya nna kgaolo e ntšha ya ditlhopho. <ref name=":1">[https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot1994election.htm Botswana: The October 1994 General Election] EISA</ref> == Letsholo == Ditlhopho di ne tsa ganetsanwa ke palo e e kwa godimo ya makoko a le robongwe,<ref name=":0" /> ka palogotlhe ya batlhophi ba le lekgolo le borobabobedi ba ba neng ba tsenela ditlhopho.<ref name=":1" /> BNF e ne ya akanya go iletsa ditlhopho morago ga gore puso e gane go fetola tsamaiso ya ditlhopho kgotsa go fokotsa dingwaga tsa go bouta go tswa go dingwaga di le masome amabedi le bongwe, mme kwa bofelong e ne ya ganetsa ditlhopho ka ntlha ya tumelo ya gore puso e ne e le bokoa. <ref name=":1" /> BDP e ne ya dira letsholo ka rekoto ya yona ya itsholelo le tlhomamo ya sepolotiki, fa letsholo la BNF le ne le le mo go dueleng rente e e kwa godimo le ditshenyegelo tsa ditirelo, gammogo le botlhokatiro. <ref name=":0" /> == Maduo == Maloko a mane a a tlhophilweng ka tsela e e sa tlhamalalang a ne a tlhophiwa ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le masome a mabedi le borataro ke maloko a Kokoano Bosetšhaba, go ya ka lenaane la ba le robedi ba ba neng ba tlhophiwa ke Tautona [[Ketumile Masire]]. == Ditlamorago == Morago ga ditlhopho, [[Kokoano Bosetšhaba]] e ne ya kopana ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le lesome le bosupa go tlhopha Tautona. Tautona Masire (BDP) o ne a gwetlhiwa ke [[Kenneth Koma]] (BNF) le [[Knight Maripe]] (BPP). Masire o ne a tlhophiwa gape mme a tlhomiwa ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le lesome le borobabongwe. Puso e ntšhwa e ne ya itsisiwe ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le masome a mabedi le botlhano. <ref name=":0" /> Maloko a Palamente a le lesome le boraro a kganetso e ne e le a BDP e neng e sa a bone go tloga ka nako ya boipuso. E ne e tla nna yone tsela e BNF e neng e tla atlega ka yone go fitlha ka ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone, fa BNF e e neng e eteletswe pele ke [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] e ne e tla fenya BDP. == Metswedi == jgg4svc3iyf5k1f09i1sidblhecwukj 0 14490 52698 2026-07-18T17:30:32Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2004 (Botswana) 52698 wikitext text/x-wiki Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso di ne tsa tshwarwa kwa [[Botswana]] ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le masome a mararo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone, mmogo le ditlhopho tsa selegae. Matswela e ne e le phenyo ya borobongwe e e latelanang ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP), e e neng ya fenya ditilo di le masome a mane le bone mo go tse ,masome a matlhano le bosupa mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]]. == Se se diragetseng == Khomišene e e Ikemetseng ya Ditlhopho e ne ya nna le letsholo la go rotloetsa go ikwadisa ga batlhophi, ka maikaelelo a go ikwadisa ga batlhophi ba le 500 000. Le fa e fitlheletse se e neng e se ikaeletse, e kwadisitse batho ba ka nna 61% ba ba ka nnang 900,000 ba ba leng mo dingwageng tsa go ka tlhopha, lekoko la kganetso la [[Botswana National Front]] (BNF) le ne la e latofatsa ka gore e dirile diphoso mo thulaganyong ya go ikwadisa. 1] == Letsholo == E ne e le lekgetlho la ntlha mo matsholong a ditlhopho, makoko a dirisa ditamala. Le fa go ntse jalo, kganetso e ne ya bolela gore ba ne ba thibetswe go tsena mo metsweding ya dikgang, mme patlisiso e e dirilweng ke Media Institute of Southern Africa e bontshitse gore BDP e amogetse go feta 50% ya kgaso ya ditlhopho. BDP e ne ya dira letsholo ka ditsholofetso tsa go tokafatsa katiso, go oketsa motlakase le metsi le go fetola melao e e neng e tlhaola basadi. Letsholo la makoko a kganetso le ne le lebagane le botlhokatiro le lehuma. Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa BNF, [[Botswana Alliance Movement]] (BAM) le [[Botswana People's Party]] (BPP), ba ne ba tsena mo tumalanong ya tumelano ya ditlhopho ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro, matsholo a bone a ne a tshwaiwa ke ditlhaselo tse di tlhamaletseng tsa botho magareng ga bone le baeteledipele ba bone. Go ne go ganetsanwe ka ditlhopho di le masome a matlhano le borataro go tswa go di le masome a matlhano le bosupa, mme Mothusa Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] o ne a sa ganediwa mo kgaolong ya [[Serowe]] North. 1] == Boitshwaro == E ne e le la ntlha, batlhatlhobi ba boditšhabatšhaba ba kgona go lebelela ditlhopho, ka baemedi ba ba tswang kwa [[Southern African Development Community,]] [[African Union]], [[Commonwealth]] le [[United Nations]] ba le teng. Go ne go na le badiri ba le dikete tse lesome le bongwe go tswa go Khomišene e e Ikemetseng ya Ditlhopho ba ba neng ba amega mo go tsamaiseng ditlhopho.[ 1] == Metswedi == hqhm1f9l4s1cpy3jnbxcc21txs6xutg 0 14491 52703 2026-07-18T18:00:32Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsatsi la Ngwaga o Mosha 52703 wikitext text/x-wiki Mo khalendareng ya Gregorian, Letsatsi la Ngwaga o Mosha ke letsatsi la ntlha la ngwaga wa khalendara, Hirikgong e tlhola bongwe. Bontsi jwa dikhalendara tsa letsatsi, tse di jaaka khalendara ya ga Gregory le ya ga Julian, di simolola ngwaga ka metlha ka nako ya fa go le mariga kwa bokone kgotsa gaufi le nako ya fa go le mariga kwa bokone. Go farologana le seo, ditso le madumedi a a dirisang khalendara ya ngwedi le ya letsatsi a keteka Ngwaga o Mosha wa bone wa Lunar ka dinako tse di farologaneng go ya ka ngwaga wa letsatsi. Kwa Roma pele ga motlha wa Bokeresete, ka khalendara ya ga Julian, letsatsi leo le ne le neetswe Janus, modimo wa dikgoro le wa tshimologo, yo kgwedi ya Hirikgonge reeletsweng ka ene. Go tloga ka metlha ya Baroma go fitlha mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga, ngwaga o mosha o ne o ketekwa ka dinako tse di farologaneng le mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng tsa Yuropa ya Bokeresete ka Sedimonthole e le masome a mabedi le botlhano, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e tlhola gangwe, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mabedi le botlhano le ka moletlo o o ka sutisiwang wa Ista. <ref>[https://www.sizes.com/time/year_new_year.htm "New Year's Day: Julian and Gregorian Calendars".] ''Sizes.com''. 8 May 2004. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2021.</ref><ref>[[:en:Reginald_Lane_Poole|Poole, Reginald L.]] (1921). ''T[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101067949055 he Beginning of the Year in the Middle Ages]''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101067949055 .] Proceedings of the [[:en:British_Academy|British Academy]]. Vol.&#x20;X. London: British Academy. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021 &#x2013; via HathiTrust.</ref><ref>[[:en:John_James_Bond|Bond, John James]] (1875). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=b2wBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA89 Handy Book of Rules and Tables for Verifying Dates With the Christian Era Giving an Account of the Chief Eras and Systems Used by Various Nations]...'''. London: George Bell & Sons. p.&#x20;91.</ref> Mo malatsing a gompieno, fa dinaga di le dintsi di dirisa khalendara ya ga Gregory jaaka khalendara ya bone ya setšhaba, ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e tlhola gangwe go ya ka khalendara eo ke nngwe ya malatsi a boikhutso a a ketekwang thata mo lefatsheng, gantsi a ketekwa ka go tshubiwa ga dibomo ka nako ya bosigogare morago ga Letsatsi la Ngwaga o Mosha, fa ngwaga o mosha o simolola mo lefelong lengwe le lengwe la nako. Dingwao tse dingwe tsa lefatshe ka bophara tsa Letsatsi la Ngwaga o Mosha di akaretsa go dira maikemisetso a Ngwaga o Mosha le go leletsa ditsala le ba lelapa. <ref>Mehra, Komal (2006). ''Festivals Of The World''. Sterling Publishers. p.&#x20;69. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-8455-7574-8</bdi>. <q>In many European countries like Italy, Portugal and Netherlands, families start the new year by attending church services and then calling on friends and relatives. Italian children receive gifts or money on New Year's Day. People in the United States go to church, give parties and enjoy other forms of entertainment.</q></ref> == Ditso == Khalendara ya bogologolo ya Bababilone e ne e le ya ngwedi le letsatsi, mme mo e ka nnang ka ngwaga wa 2000 BC <ref>Andrews, Evan (31 December 2012). [http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/5-ancient-new-years-celebrations "5 Ancient New Year's Celebrations".] ''History News''. Archived from the original on 13 January 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.</ref>ba ne ba simolola go keteka moletlo wa dikgakologo le ngwaga o mosha mo kgweding ya Nisane, mo e ka nnang ka nako ya equinox ya Mopitlwe. Khalendara ya bogologolo ya Roma e ne e baya kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e tlhola gangwe jaaka letsatsi la ntlha la ngwaga. <ref>Brunner, Borgna. [http://www.infoplease.com/spot/newyearhistory.html "A History of the New Year".] Infoplease.com. Archived from the original on 22 January 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.</ref>Khalendara eno e ne e na le dikgwedi di le lesome fela, go simolola ka March. Lebaka la go bo ngwaga o mosha o kile wa simologa ka kgwedi ya March le sa ntse le bonala mo maina a mangwe a dikgwedi. Go tloga ka September go fitlha ka December, e leng dikgwedi tsa borobongwe go ya go tsa bolesome le bobedi tsa khalendara ya ga Gregory, kwa tshimologong di ne di bewa jaaka dikgwedi tsa bosupa go ya go tsa bolesome. (Septem ke lefoko la Selatine le le kayang "supa"; octo, "borobedi"; novem, "borobongwe"; le decem, "lesome") Gantsi ditlhamane tsa Baroma di bolela gore kgosi ya bone ya bobedi e bong Numa ke ene a simolotseng dikgwedi tse pedi tse disha tsa Ianuarius le Februarius. Tseno di ne tsa bewa kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga, mme ka nako nngwe di ne tsa tsewa jaaka dikgwedi tsa ntlha tse pedi mo boemong jwa tsone. <ref>Forsythe, Gary (2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=hTDku_ZQ0JgC&pg=PA14 ''Time in Roman Religion: One Thousand Years of Religious History''.] Routledge. p.&#x20;14. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-415-52217-5</bdi>.</ref> January kalend (Latin: Kalendae Ianuariae), e leng tshimologo ya kgwedi ya Hirikgong, e ne ya simolola go ketekwa jaaka ngwaga o mosha ka nako nngwe morago ga gore e nne letsatsi la go tlhomiwa ga dikonsula tse disha ka 153 BC ka ntlha ya botsuolodi jwa kwa Hispania jo bo neng jwa simolola Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Ba-Celtiberian. Baroma ga ba bolo go nna ba bala dingwaga tsa bone go ya ka dikonsolo tseno, go na le gore ba dire jalo ka go latelana, mme go dira gore dikhalendara tsa Hirikgong di simolole ngwaga o mosha go ne ga dira gore ba kgone go bona letlha leno. Le fa go ntse jalo, meletlo ya poraefete le ya sedumedi e e neng e ketekwa go dikologa ngwaga o mosha wa kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e ne ya tswelela ka lobakanyana mme ga go na tumalano ka potso ya nako ya maemo a masha a kgwedi ya Hirikgonge rogwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, fa e setse e le ngwaga o mosha, e ne ya nna nako ya go kopana mmogo ga malapa le go keteka. <ref>Michels, A.K. ''The Calendar of the Roman Republic'' (Princeton, 1967), pp. 97–98.</ref>Go ne ga nna le masetlapelo a le mmalwa, segolobogolo go tsuologa ga ga M. Aemilius Lepidus ka 78 BC, o ne a tlhoma tumelobotlhodi kgatlhanong le go letlelela malatsi a mmaraka wa Roma go wela mo khalendeng ya Hirikgong mme bomopapa ba ne ba dirisa intercalation go tila go diragala ga one. <ref>[[:en:New_Year's_Day#CITEREFMacrobius|Macrobius]], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Macrobius/Saturnalia/1*.html#13 Book I, Ch. xiii, §17]</ref><ref>[[:en:New_Year's_Day#CITEREFKaster2011|Kaster (2011),]] p.&#x20;163.</ref> == Metswedi == 6okbd4ptga25jcotcjczj32a5ei1qtq 0 14492 52704 2026-07-18T18:10:15Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsatsi la Tautona (Botswana) 52704 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsatsi la Tautona''' ke letsatsi la boikhutso kwa [[Botswana|Botswana.]] Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro, e nnile letsatsi la boikhutso la letsatsi le le lengwe le le neng le tshwarwa ka Mosupologo wa boraro le Labobedi ka kgwedi ya Phukwi.<ref>[http://aglobalworld.com/holidays-around-the-world/botswana-presidents-day/ Botswana Presidents Day"]. ''aglobalworld.com''.</ref> Pele ga moo, e ne e le letsatsi la boikhutso la malatsi a le mabedi, le le neng le tshwarwa ka Mosupologo wa Boraro le Labobedi ka kgwedi ya Phukwi, mme Molao wa go Fetola Malatsi a Boikhutso a Setšhaba wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro <ref>[http://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/1766/Public%20Holidays%20Act.pdf Public Holidays Act"] (PDF). ''ilo.org''.</ref> o ne wa fetola letsatsi la boikhutso go nna letsatsi le le lengwe. Le fa go ntse jalo, madirelo a mantsi a puso le tse di ikemetseng ka nosi jaaka [[Botswana Stock Exchange]] a santse a keteka malatsi a boikhutso a malatsi a le mabedi ka nako eno ya ngwaga. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194731/http://www.bse.co.bw/holidays.php BSE - Public Holidays and None Trading days]". ''bse.co.bw''. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014</ref> == Metswedi == 8uvl9a23zku3ihpt9cs7sm359gcl83g 0 14493 52705 2026-07-18T18:49:17Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsatsi la Babereki (Botswana) 52705 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsatsi la Babereki''' kgotsa Letsatsi la Badiri) ke letsatsi la boikhutso la semmuso mo mafatsheng a mantsi. Mo mafatsheng a mantsi Letsatsi la Badiri le tshwana le Letsatsi la babereki la Boditšhabatšhaba, le le tlang ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola gangwe. E ne e tlhophilwe kwa tshimologong go keteka mogwanto wa kakaretso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borataro o o neng wa felela ka kgang ya Haymarket.<ref name=":0">Rothman, Lily (1 May 2017). [https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ "The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers".] ''Time''. Retrieved 2 April 2025.</ref> Kwa United States le Canada, ke letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba ka Mosupologo wa ntlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse. Letsatsi la Badiri ke letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba/la semolao. Ke letsatsi la ngwaga le ngwaga la go keteka mokgatlho wa badiri le go keteka diphitlhelelo. E simologile mo mokgatlhong wa babereki, segolobogolo mo mokgatlhong wa go bereka diura di le robedi ka letsatsi, o o neng o buelela diura di le robedi tsa tiro, diura di le robedi tsa boitapoloso le diura di le robedi tsa go ikhutsa. == Letsatsi la Boditšhabatšhaba la Babereki == Setlhogo sa konokono: Letsatsi la Boditšhabatšhaba la Babereki Mo mafatsheng a le mantsi, "Letsatsi la Babereki" le tshwana le, kgotsa le amana le, Letsatsi la Badiri la Boditšhabatšhaba, le le tlang ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlola gangwe. Letsatsi la Boditšhabatšhaba la Badiri le gopotsa tiragalo ya Haymarket ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borataro kwa Chicago, fa go ne go na le seteraeke sa kakaretso sa go dira diura di le robedi ka letsatsi.<ref name=":0" /> Mafatshe a mangwe a na le letsatsi la boikhutso ka letlha leno kgotsa mo e ka nnang ka lone, mme ga se letsatsi la go keteka Letsatsi la Badiri. Ba bangwe ba keteka Letsatsi la Badiri ka Mosupologo wa ntlha morago ga Motsheganong a tlhola gangwe. == Malatsi a mangwe == === Australia === [[Setshwantsho:Queensland State Archives 4773 May Day Procession May 1953.png|thumb|Tsamaiso ya Letsatsi la Babereki kwa Queensland, 1953]] Letsatsi la Badiri ke letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba kwa Australia ka matlha a a farologaneng go ya ka diporofense le dikgaolo. Kwa mafatsheng mangwe letsatsi leno le gopotsa mogwanto wa Letsatsi la Diura di le Robabobedi (bona fa tlase). Ke Mantaga wa ntlha wa kgwedi ya Phalane kwa Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales le Australia Borwa. Kwa Victoria le Tasmania, ke Mosupologo wa bobedi ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe (le fa e le gore e bidiwa Letsatsi la Diura di le Robabedi).<ref>[https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-04/93-119aa027%20authorised.pdf "Public Holidays Act 1993"] (PDF). vic.gov.au. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2024.</ref> <ref>[https://www.legislation.tas.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-2000-096 Tasmanian Legislation Online: Statutory Holidays Act 2000".] tas.gov.au. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2024.</ref>Kwa Australia Bophirima, Letsatsi la Babereki ke Mosupologo wa ntlha wa kgwedi ya Mopitlwe. <ref>[https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/prod/filestore.nsf/FileURL/mrdoc_44571.pdf/$FILE/Public%20and%20Bank%20Holidays%20Act%201972%20-%20%5b02-g0-00%5d.pdf "Public and Bank Holidays Act 1972"] (PDF). wa.gov.au. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2024.</ref> Kwa Queensland le Northern Territory, Letsatsi la Babereki le ketekwa ka Mosupologo wa ntlha wa kgwedi ya Motsheganong (le fa e le gore la bofelo le bidiwa Letsatsi la Motsheganong).<ref>[http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/special-dates-and-events/public-holidays "Australian Government: National Public Holidays"]. australia.gov.au. Archived from the original on 14 April 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2016.</ref> Ke ka Mosupologo wa bonè wa kgwedi ya Mopitlwe mo kgaolong ya [[Christmas Island]]. === Victoria === Motsamao wa ntlha wa go dira diura di le robabedi ka letsatsi o ne wa tshwarwa kwa Melbourne ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le masome a mabedi le bongwe,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a matlhano le borataro.<ref>[http://alldownunder.com/australian-dates/holiday-labour-day.htm "Australian Public Holidays: Labour Day"]. ''alldownunder.com''. 1998. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2016.</ref> Ka letsatsi leno, batho ba ba thulang mantswe le ba ba berekang mo mafelong a go agiwang mo go one go dikologa Melbourne ba ne ba emisa tiro mme ba gwanta go tswa kwa sekolong se segowalne ya Melbourne go ya kwa Ntlong ya Palamente go fitlhelela letsatsi la diura tse robedi. Kgaratlho ya bone ya go dira ka tlhamalalo e ne e atlegile, mme ba lemogwa jaaka bangwe ba badiri ba ntlha ba ba rulagantsweng mo lefatsheng go fitlhelela letsatsi la diura di robabobedi, ntle le go latlhegelwa ke tuelo. <ref>Lewis, Wendy; Balderstone, Simon; Bowman, John (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_6TVAAAACAAJ ''Events that Shaped Australia''. New Holland Publishers]. p.&#x20;57. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-74110-492-9</bdi>. Retrieved 7 March 2016.</ref> === Queensland === Letsatsi la Badiri le ne la ketekwa la ntlha jaaka letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba kwa Queensland ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le botlhano jaaka Letsatsi la go Keteka Diura di Robabobedi. E ne ya tshwarwa ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e rogwa (Letsatsi la ga St. David) mme e ne e keteka go fenya ga badiri ba kwa Brisbane ka go dira diura di le robedi ka letsatsi ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a matlhano le borobabobedi. Letsatsi leno le ne la fudusediwa kwa go May Day mo e ka nnang ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borataro, go bontsha kutlwano le go tlhaselwa ga badiri ba United States mo parading ya ntlha ya May Day mo kgannyeng ya Haymarket. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bongwe , letsatsi la boikhutso le ne la fudusetswa kwa go Mantaga wa ntlha wa Motsheganong, go netefatsa gore go nna le mafelo a beke a maleele. <ref>Radical Brisbane (2004), <nowiki>ISBN 0958079455</nowiki>, pp 231–4.</ref> === Bangladesh === Mokgatlho wa Bangladesh Garment Sramik Sanghati, o o direlang boiketlo jwa badiri ba diaparo, o kopile gore ka dkgwedi ya Moranang e le masome a mabedi le bone e nne Letsatsi la Pabalesego ya Babereki kwa Bangladesh, go gopola batswasetlhabelo ba go gosomana ga Rana Plaza ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro . <ref>[http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 "Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on"]. [[Deutsche Welle.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche Welle|Deutsche Welle.]] 24 April 2014. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2014.</ref><ref>[http://bangladesh.officialpublicholidays.com/national-holiday "Bangladesh Official Public Holidays"]. Official Public Holidays. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2015.</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, Bangladesh e keteka Letsatsi la Motsheganong ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola gangwe. === Ditlhaketlhake tsa Bahamas === Letsatsi la Badiri ke [[letsatsi la boikhutso la bosetšhaba kwa Bahamas]], le le ketekiwang ka Labotlhano wa ntlha ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo gore badiri ba nne le mafelo a beke a maleele. <ref>[http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/bahamas "Holidays in The Bahamas in 2015".] timeanddate.com. Archived from the original on 21 January 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2015.</ref> Letsatsi la setso la Letsatsi la Badiri kwa Bahamas, le fa go ntse jalo, ke kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le tlhola ga supa, go gopola seteraeke se se botlhokwa sa badiri se se simolotseng ka letsatsi leo ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bobedi . Letsatsi la Babereki le diretswe go tlotla le go keteka badiri le botlhokwa jwa dikabelo tsa bone mo setšhabeng le mo setšhabeng. Kwa motsemogolong wa Nassau, diketekete tsa batho di tla go bona mokoloko o o tsamayang mo mebileng, o o simololang mo mosong. Ditlhopha tsa mmino tse di apereng paka e e mebalabala, baopedi ba setso ba Junkanoo ba Aforika, le maloko a makgotla a badiri a a farologaneng le makoko a sepolotiki tsotlhe ke karolo ya mokoloko, o o felelang kwa Southern Recreation Grounds, kwa badiredi ba puso ba neelang dipuo ka nako eo. <ref>Brown, Oswald (2 June 2023). [https://bahamaschronicle.com/history-of-randol-fawkes-labour-day/ "History of Randol Fawkes Labour Day".] ''Bahamas Chronicle''. Retrieved 18 January 2025.</ref> == Metswedi == gi3jxcb0ogn91dzj7cg1011vdm9tvuk 52743 52705 2026-07-19T01:30:27Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52743 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsatsi la Babereki''' kgotsa Letsatsi la Badiri) ke letsatsi la boikhutso la semmuso mo mafatsheng a mantsi. Mo mafatsheng a mantsi Letsatsi la Badiri le tshwana le Letsatsi la babereki la Boditšhabatšhaba, le le tlang ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola gangwe. E ne e tlhophilwe kwa tshimologong go keteka mogwanto wa kakaretso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borataro o o neng wa felela ka kgang ya Haymarket.<ref name=":0">Rothman, Lily (1 May 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231002085202/https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ "The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers".] ''Time''. Retrieved 2 April 2025.</ref> Kwa United States le Canada, ke letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba ka Mosupologo wa ntlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse. Letsatsi la Badiri ke letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba/la semolao. Ke letsatsi la ngwaga le ngwaga la go keteka mokgatlho wa badiri le go keteka diphitlhelelo. E simologile mo mokgatlhong wa babereki, segolobogolo mo mokgatlhong wa go bereka diura di le robedi ka letsatsi, o o neng o buelela diura di le robedi tsa tiro, diura di le robedi tsa boitapoloso le diura di le robedi tsa go ikhutsa. == Letsatsi la Boditšhabatšhaba la Babereki == Setlhogo sa konokono: Letsatsi la Boditšhabatšhaba la Babereki Mo mafatsheng a le mantsi, "Letsatsi la Babereki" le tshwana le, kgotsa le amana le, Letsatsi la Badiri la Boditšhabatšhaba, le le tlang ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlola gangwe. Letsatsi la Boditšhabatšhaba la Badiri le gopotsa tiragalo ya Haymarket ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borataro kwa Chicago, fa go ne go na le seteraeke sa kakaretso sa go dira diura di le robedi ka letsatsi.<ref name=":0" /> Mafatshe a mangwe a na le letsatsi la boikhutso ka letlha leno kgotsa mo e ka nnang ka lone, mme ga se letsatsi la go keteka Letsatsi la Badiri. Ba bangwe ba keteka Letsatsi la Badiri ka Mosupologo wa ntlha morago ga Motsheganong a tlhola gangwe. == Malatsi a mangwe == === Australia === [[Setshwantsho:Queensland State Archives 4773 May Day Procession May 1953.png|thumb|Tsamaiso ya Letsatsi la Babereki kwa Queensland, 1953]] Letsatsi la Badiri ke letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba kwa Australia ka matlha a a farologaneng go ya ka diporofense le dikgaolo. Kwa mafatsheng mangwe letsatsi leno le gopotsa mogwanto wa Letsatsi la Diura di le Robabobedi (bona fa tlase). Ke Mantaga wa ntlha wa kgwedi ya Phalane kwa Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales le Australia Borwa. Kwa Victoria le Tasmania, ke Mosupologo wa bobedi ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe (le fa e le gore e bidiwa Letsatsi la Diura di le Robabedi).<ref>[https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-04/93-119aa027%20authorised.pdf "Public Holidays Act 1993"] (PDF). vic.gov.au. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2024.</ref> <ref>[https://www.legislation.tas.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-2000-096 Tasmanian Legislation Online: Statutory Holidays Act 2000".] tas.gov.au. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2024.</ref>Kwa Australia Bophirima, Letsatsi la Babereki ke Mosupologo wa ntlha wa kgwedi ya Mopitlwe. <ref>[https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/prod/filestore.nsf/FileURL/mrdoc_44571.pdf/$FILE/Public%20and%20Bank%20Holidays%20Act%201972%20-%20%5b02-g0-00%5d.pdf "Public and Bank Holidays Act 1972"] (PDF). wa.gov.au. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2024.</ref> Kwa Queensland le Northern Territory, Letsatsi la Babereki le ketekwa ka Mosupologo wa ntlha wa kgwedi ya Motsheganong (le fa e le gore la bofelo le bidiwa Letsatsi la Motsheganong).<ref>[http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/special-dates-and-events/public-holidays "Australian Government: National Public Holidays"]. australia.gov.au. Archived from the original on 14 April 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2016.</ref> Ke ka Mosupologo wa bonè wa kgwedi ya Mopitlwe mo kgaolong ya [[Christmas Island]]. === Victoria === Motsamao wa ntlha wa go dira diura di le robabedi ka letsatsi o ne wa tshwarwa kwa Melbourne ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le masome a mabedi le bongwe,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a matlhano le borataro.<ref>[http://alldownunder.com/australian-dates/holiday-labour-day.htm "Australian Public Holidays: Labour Day"]. ''alldownunder.com''. 1998. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2016.</ref> Ka letsatsi leno, batho ba ba thulang mantswe le ba ba berekang mo mafelong a go agiwang mo go one go dikologa Melbourne ba ne ba emisa tiro mme ba gwanta go tswa kwa sekolong se segowalne ya Melbourne go ya kwa Ntlong ya Palamente go fitlhelela letsatsi la diura tse robedi. Kgaratlho ya bone ya go dira ka tlhamalalo e ne e atlegile, mme ba lemogwa jaaka bangwe ba badiri ba ntlha ba ba rulagantsweng mo lefatsheng go fitlhelela letsatsi la diura di robabobedi, ntle le go latlhegelwa ke tuelo. <ref>Lewis, Wendy; Balderstone, Simon; Bowman, John (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_6TVAAAACAAJ ''Events that Shaped Australia''. New Holland Publishers]. p.&#x20;57. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-74110-492-9</bdi>. Retrieved 7 March 2016.</ref> === Queensland === Letsatsi la Badiri le ne la ketekwa la ntlha jaaka letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba kwa Queensland ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le botlhano jaaka Letsatsi la go Keteka Diura di Robabobedi. E ne ya tshwarwa ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e rogwa (Letsatsi la ga St. David) mme e ne e keteka go fenya ga badiri ba kwa Brisbane ka go dira diura di le robedi ka letsatsi ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a matlhano le borobabobedi. Letsatsi leno le ne la fudusediwa kwa go May Day mo e ka nnang ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borataro, go bontsha kutlwano le go tlhaselwa ga badiri ba United States mo parading ya ntlha ya May Day mo kgannyeng ya Haymarket. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bongwe , letsatsi la boikhutso le ne la fudusetswa kwa go Mantaga wa ntlha wa Motsheganong, go netefatsa gore go nna le mafelo a beke a maleele. <ref>Radical Brisbane (2004), <nowiki>ISBN 0958079455</nowiki>, pp 231–4.</ref> === Bangladesh === Mokgatlho wa Bangladesh Garment Sramik Sanghati, o o direlang boiketlo jwa badiri ba diaparo, o kopile gore ka dkgwedi ya Moranang e le masome a mabedi le bone e nne Letsatsi la Pabalesego ya Babereki kwa Bangladesh, go gopola batswasetlhabelo ba go gosomana ga Rana Plaza ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro . <ref>[http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 "Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on"]. [[Deutsche Welle.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche Welle|Deutsche Welle.]] 24 April 2014. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2014.</ref><ref>[http://bangladesh.officialpublicholidays.com/national-holiday "Bangladesh Official Public Holidays"]. Official Public Holidays. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2015.</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, Bangladesh e keteka Letsatsi la Motsheganong ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola gangwe. === Ditlhaketlhake tsa Bahamas === Letsatsi la Badiri ke [[letsatsi la boikhutso la bosetšhaba kwa Bahamas]], le le ketekiwang ka Labotlhano wa ntlha ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo gore badiri ba nne le mafelo a beke a maleele. <ref>[http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/bahamas "Holidays in The Bahamas in 2015".] timeanddate.com. Archived from the original on 21 January 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2015.</ref> Letsatsi la setso la Letsatsi la Badiri kwa Bahamas, le fa go ntse jalo, ke kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le tlhola ga supa, go gopola seteraeke se se botlhokwa sa badiri se se simolotseng ka letsatsi leo ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bobedi . Letsatsi la Babereki le diretswe go tlotla le go keteka badiri le botlhokwa jwa dikabelo tsa bone mo setšhabeng le mo setšhabeng. Kwa motsemogolong wa Nassau, diketekete tsa batho di tla go bona mokoloko o o tsamayang mo mebileng, o o simololang mo mosong. Ditlhopha tsa mmino tse di apereng paka e e mebalabala, baopedi ba setso ba Junkanoo ba Aforika, le maloko a makgotla a badiri a a farologaneng le makoko a sepolotiki tsotlhe ke karolo ya mokoloko, o o felelang kwa Southern Recreation Grounds, kwa badiredi ba puso ba neelang dipuo ka nako eo. <ref>Brown, Oswald (2 June 2023). [https://bahamaschronicle.com/history-of-randol-fawkes-labour-day/ "History of Randol Fawkes Labour Day".] ''Bahamas Chronicle''. Retrieved 18 January 2025.</ref> == Metswedi == 2kk2okuyr5ybp58ijqeppyqenryargp 0 14494 52706 2026-07-18T19:15:17Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Keresemose 52706 wikitext text/x-wiki Keresemose ke mokete wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa go keteka botsalo jwa ga Jesu Keresete, o o ketekiwang segolobogolo ka kgwedi ya Sedimontlhole e le masome a mabedi le botlhano <ref>Several branches of [[:en:Eastern_Christianity|Eastern Christianity]] that use the Julian calendar also celebrate on December 25 according to that calendar, which is now January 7 on the [[:en:Gregorian_calendar|Gregorian calendar]]. Armenian Churches observed the nativity on January 6 even before the Gregorian calendar originated. Most Armenian Christians use the Gregorian calendar, still celebrating Christmas Day on January 6. Some Armenian churches use the Julian calendar, thus celebrating Christmas Day on January 19 on the Gregorian calendar, with January 18 being Christmas Eve. Some regions also celebrate primarily on December 24, rather than December 25.</ref>e le mokete wa bodumedi le wa setso mo bathong ba le dibilionebilione mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Moletlo ono wa bodumedi o o botlhokwa thata mo Bokereseteng, o simololwa ka Sontaga sa Ntlha sa Advent. Nako ya Advent e latelwa ke nako ya Keresemose, e e tsayang malatsi a le lesome le bobedi kwa Bophirima mme e bo e fela ka Bosigo jwa Bolesome le Bobedi. Letsatsi la Keresemose ke letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba mo dinageng di le dintsi mme le ketekwa ke bontsi jwa Bakeresete; gape le ketekwa ka tsela ya setso ke batho ba le bantsi ba e seng Bakeresete e bile ke karolo ya botlhokwa ya paka ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya boikhutso. Polelo e e tlwaelegileng ya Keresemose e e tlhalosiwang mo Tesetamenteng e Ntšha, e e itsegeng e le Botsalo jwa ga Jesu, e bolela gore Jesu o ne a tsholelwa kwa Bethelehema, go dumalana le boporofeti jwa ga Mesia. Fa Josefa le Marea ba goroga mo motseng, ntlo ya baeti e ne e sena marobalo, ka jalo ba ne ba fiwa bonno jwa dipitse koo go neng go ise go ye kae go tsalwe Ngwana Keresete gone, baengele ba bolela dikgang tseno mo badiseng, bao ba neng ba di anamisa. Go na le megopolo e e farologaneng mabapi le letltsatsi le Jesu a tshotsweng ka lone. Mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bonè la dingwaga, kereke e ne ya tlhoma letsatsi leo e le Sedimontlhole e le masome a mabedi le botlhano, letsatsi la mariga fa letsatsi le ne le khutla fa letsatsi le phirima mo Mmusomogolong wa Roma. Ke dikgwedi di le robonngwe morago ga go Itsisiwe ga ga Jesu ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le masome a mabedi le botlhano, e leng letlha le le tshwanang le la Baroma la equinox ya dikgakologo. Bontsi jwa Bakeresete ba keteka ka kgwedi ya Sedimontlhole e le masome a mabedi le botlhano go ya ka khalendara ya ga Gregory, e e setseng e dirisiwa mo e ka nnang gongwe le gongwe mo khalendareng ya setšhaba e e dirisiwang mo dinageng tse di farologaneng mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Le fa go ntse jalo, karolo ya Dikereke tsa Bokeresete tsa Botlhaba e keteka Keresemose ka kgwedi ya sedimontlhole le masome a mabedi le botlhano go ya ka khalendara ya bogologolo ya Julian, e gone jaanong e tsamaisanang le kgwedi ya Hirikgong e tlhola ga supa go ya ka khalendara ya ga Gregory. Mo Bakereseteng, go keteka gore Modimo o ne a tla mo lefatsheng a le mo sebopegong sa motho go tla go itshwarela maleo a batho go botlhokwa thata go na le go itse letlha le le tlhomameng la botsalo jwa ga Jesu Keresete. == Letshwao == Lefoko la SSekgowa la Keresemose ke khutshwafatso ya 'Misa wa ga Keresete'.<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/word/Christmas "Christmas". Online Etymology Dictionary]. December 20, 2020.</ref> Lefoko le le kwadilwe jaaka Crīstesmæsse ka 1038 le Cristes-messe ka 1131.<ref>Martindale, Cyril Charles (1908). "Christmas". [[:en:The_Catholic_Encyclopedia|''The Catholic Encyclopedia''.]] Vol.&#x20;3. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</ref> Crīst (genitive Crīstes) e tswa mo Segerikeng sa Koine Χριστός (Khrīstos, 'Keresete'), e leng thanolo ya Sehebera מָשִׁיחַ (Māšîaḥ, 'Mesia'), e e rayang 'motlodiwa';<ref>Schoenborn, Christoph (1994). ''God's human face: the Christ-icon''. Ignatius Press. p.&#x20;154. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-514-0|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-89870-514-0</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>Galey, John (1986). ''Sinai and the Monastery of St. Catherine''. American University in Cairo Press. p.&#x20;92. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-977-424-118-5|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-977-424-118-5</bdi>.]]</ref>mme mæsse e tswa mo Selatineng missa, e leng moletlo wa Selalelo.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christmas "Christmas | Origin, Definition, Traditions, History, & Facts | Britannica"]. ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Mofuta wa Christenmas le one o ne o dirisiwa ka dinako dingwe, mme jaanong o tsewa e le wa bogologolo. <ref>''Christenmas, n.'', ''[[:en:Oxford_English_Dictionary|Oxford English Dictionary]]''. Retrieved December 12.</ref> Lereo le tswa mo puong ya Middle English Cristenmasse.<ref name=":0">"Christmas" in the Middle English Dictionary. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105230344/http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED10371|date=January 5, 2012}}</ref>Xmas ke khutshwafatso ya Keresemose, segolo thata fa e gatisitswe, e theilwe mo tlhaka ya ntlha chi (Χ) mo Segerikeng Χριστός (Keresete), le fa gone dikaelo dingwe tsa setaele di sa kgothaletse tiriso ya yone. <ref>Griffiths, Emma (December 22, 2004). [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/4097755.stm "Why get cross about Xmas?".] ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2011.</ref> Mokwalo o o khutshwafaditsweng ono o na le sekai mo puong ya Middle English Χρ̄es masse (moo Χρ̄ e leng mokwalo o mongwe o khutshwafaditsweng wa lefoko la Segerika).<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == myegi3z8ta7cty31s6zkll6pgo72g9q 0 14495 52708 2026-07-18T19:48:53Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Builders Warehouse 52708 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Builders Warehouse''' (e e itsegeng ka leina la Builders mo [[Aforika Borwa|Afrika Borwa]]), ke khamphane e e rekisang didiriswa tsa go aga le go tokafatsa matlo mo Afrika Borwa. <ref name=":0">[https://www.builders.co.za/builders-our-story "Our story".] Builders Warehouse. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.listcorp.com/jse/msm/massmart-holdings-limited/news/annual-financial-statements-for-the-year-ended-31-december-2021-2698706.html "Annual Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2021"]. Listcorp. 31 December 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref> {{Infobox Company|name=Builders Warehouse|logo=Builders Warehouse logo.png|image=Entrance of a Builders Warehouse Store, in Kirstenhof, Cape Town.jpg|image_caption=Botseno jwa lebenkele la Polokelo ya Baagi kwa [[Kirstenhof]], [[Cape Town]]|company_type=[[Subsidiary]]|industry=Kgwebo|hq_location=[[Sandton]], [[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]]<ref name= "About Massbuild (Pty) Ltd" />|num_locations=117<ref name= "Builders Warehouse 2">{{cite web|url= https://www.servicesystems.co/ss-pages/builders-warehouse |title= Builders Warehouse |author= |publisher= Service Systems (Pty) Ltd. |date= |access-date= 5 April 2025 }}</ref>|areas_served=[[Southern Africa]]<br />[[East Africa]]<ref name= "Our story" />|key_people=Llewellyn Walters (CEO)<ref name= "Builders Warehouse opens flagship store in Boksburg">{{cite web|url= https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/builders-warehouse-opens-flagship-store-in-boksburg-2019-06-11 |title= Builders Warehouse opens flagship store in Boksburg |author= Creamer Media Reporter |publisher= Creamer Media's Engineering News |date= 13 June 2019 |access-date= 5 April 2025 }}</ref>|products=[[Construction]] equipment<br />[[Building materials]]<br />[[Home improvement]] supplies<br />[[Plants]]|operating_income=R1.18 billion (2022)<ref name= "Massmart reveals massive store expansion plans for Makro and Builder’s Warehouse">{{cite web|url= https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/565300/massmart-reveals-massive-store-expansion-plans-for-makro-and-builders-warehouse/ |title= Massmart reveals massive store expansion plans for Makro and Builder’s Warehouse |author= Staff Writer |publisher= BusinessTech |date= 7 March 2022 |access-date= 5 April 2025 }}</ref>|owner=[[Massmart]] <small> (ultimately owned by [[Walmart]])</small><ref name= "Massmart reveals massive store expansion plans for Makro and Builder’s Warehouse" />|website={{URL|https://www.builders.co.za}}}} E theilwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro ,<ref>[https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/builders-warehouse/ "Builders Warehouse".] Political Analysis South Africa. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref> mme e tsamaisiwa ke lefapha la Massbuild la Sunninghill, Sandton-based chain conglomerate [[Massmart]], ba ka bobona e leng mothusi wa Bentonville, Arkansas-based retailer Walmart. Mabenkele a a farologaneng a a dirwang ka fa tlase ga sekhukhu se a akaretsa Builders Warehouse, Builders Express (mabenkele a mannye), Builders Trade Depot (e e tsepamisitseng maikutlo thata mo bagwebing ba dikago), le Builders Superstore. <ref>[https://www.massmart.co.za/about-us/our-brands "Our Brands".] Massmart. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref><ref>Staff Writer (7 March 2022). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/565300/massmart-reveals-massive-store-expansion-plans-for-makro-and-builders-warehouse/ "Massmart reveals massive store expansion plans for Makro and Builder's Warehouse"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.lifeisagarden.co.za/builders-warehouse-cape-town-city/ "Builders Warehouse - Cape Town City".] Life is a Garden. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref> == Ditso == Massmart e simolotse go reka letshwaokgwebo la Builders fa e ne e reka mabenkele a le matlhano a Builders Warehouse a a neng a dira kwa [[Johannesburg]] le [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]], ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro.<ref>[https://top500.co.za/top500-companies/massbuild-pty-ltd/ "About Massbuild (Pty) Ltd".] Top Media & Communications. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe, [[Walmart]] e ne ya reka 51% ya setoko sa khamphani ya motsadi Massmart Group, ka tlhotlhwa ya R17 million (e e ka nnang US$2.54 billion kgotsa £1.54 billion), morago ga go amogela tetla ya taolo go tswa go Kgotlatshekelo ya Kgaisano ya Aforika Borwa. Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Walmart e ne e feditse go reka 49% ya dikabelo tse di setseng, go dira Massmart setlamo se se leng ka botlalo sa Walmart. <ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2011/06/10/wal-mart-takes-on-africa-with-massmart/ "Wal-Mart Takes On Africa With Massmart".] Forbes. 10 June 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa, komponi e ne ya senola lebenkele la yone la ntlha le le neng le tsamaisiwa ke maatla a a ntšhafaditsweng. Lebenkele leno le le kwa Northriding, [[Johannesburg]], le dirisa dipaneele tsa letsatsi di le makgolo a mabe tse di tlhomilweng mo marulelong go tlamela ka diperesente di le ;esome le borataro tsa motlakase o le o dirisang ngwaga le ngwaga. Go ya ka mookamedi wa Massmart Group wa go tsweletswa pele Alex Haw, e thusa go fokotsa kgaso ya gase ya selegae ya kompone.<ref>Sibahle Malinga (23 May 2017). [https://www.itweb.co.za/article/builders-warehouse-opens-green-store/KrxP3jMBD6vA2yeZ "Builders Warehouse opens 'green' store".] ITWeb Limited. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe, Builders Warehouse e ne ya senola lebenkele le lesha kwa [[Boksburg]], [[Gauteng]], le le neelang, gareng ga dilo tse dingwe, go gatisa ka 3D; fanitšhara e e sephara; le lefelo la legae le le botlhale la go reka ka dijithale, mo lebenkeleng le go bona tshedimosetso ya dikuno. Lebenkele le ne le tshwanetse go nna sekai sa dikago tsotlhe tse disha tsa mabenkele le go baakanya.<ref name=":1">[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/182/190323.html Builders reveals new store prototype in Boksburg"]. Bizcommunity.com. 2 May 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref> == Ditirelo == Builders Warehouse e na le mabenkele a le lekgolo le lesome le bosupa<ref>[https://www.servicesystems.co/ss-pages/builders-warehouse Builders Warehouse".] Service Systems (Pty) Ltd. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref>mo dinageng di le nne go kgabaganya Borwa le Botlhaba jwa Aforika; Aforika Borwa, Botswana, Mozambique le Zambia.<ref name=":0" />Gape e neelana ka tirelo ya go reka ka inthanete. <ref>"T[https://www.builders.co.za/Builders-Trade-Card rade Card".] Builders Warehouse. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref> Mabenkele a mangwe a Builders Warehouse a fana ka ditirelo tse di jaaka go hira didirisiwa, tshekatsheko ya metsi a letamo, le thulaganyo ya dinotlolo tsa koloi, mme ba dirisane le lebenkele la kofi la selegae la Vida e Caffè. <ref>[https://blog.builders.co.za/builders-extends-its-gauteng-footprint/ "Builders Extends Its Gauteng Footprint"]. Builders Warehouse. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == 4smwkmc63ghtjoxzcf030uqkfvm8jtj 0 14496 52709 2026-07-18T20:50:48Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Spar (South Africa) 52709 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Spar Group Ltd,''' e e itsegeng jaaka SPAR, ke ketane e tona ya mabenkele a matona mo Afrika Borwa, e bile ke e tona go gaisa mo lefatsheng ka palo ya mabenkele. E na le ntlokgolo kwa [[uMhlanga,]] [[KwaZulu-Natal|KwaZulu-Natal,]] mme e gwebisana le JSE Limited, e na le dilaesense tsa go tsamaisa mabenkele mo dinageng tse di farologaneng ka fa tlase ga letshwao la [[Dutch SPAR International.]] {{Infobox Company|name=The Spar Group Ltd|logo=The_Spar_Group_Ltd_Logo.jpg|image=Spar Store in De Waterkant, Cape Town.jpg|traded_as={{JSE|SPP}}|ISIN={{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|ZAE000058517}}|industry=[[Retail]]|hq_location=[[uMhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal|uMhlanga]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa]]<ref name= "Spar ditches Pinetown, books R30m loss on HQ sale">{{cite web|url= https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/spar-ditches-pinetown-books-r30m-loss-on-hq-sale/ |title= Spar ditches Pinetown, books R30m loss on HQ sale |author= Hilton Tarrant |publisher= Moneyweb |date= |access-date= 31 December 2025 }}</ref>|num_locations=4,449 <small>(2024)</small><ref name= "Integrated Annual Report 2024"></ref>|areas_served=[[Southern Africa]]<br />[[Sri Lanka]]<br />[[South West England]]<br />[[Ireland]]|key_people=Reeza Isaacs ([[CEO]])<ref name= "SPAR CEO quits – with former Woolworths director taking over">{{cite web|url= https://businesstech.co.za/news/banking/851626/spar-ceo-quits-with-former-woolworths-director-taking-over/ |title= SPAR CEO quits – with former Woolworths director taking over |author= Luke Fraser |publisher= BusinessTech |date= 20 February 2026 |access-date= 4 June 2026 }}</ref><br />Mike Bosman ([[Chairman]])|brands=SPAR<br />KWIKSPAR<br />SUPERSPAR<br />Spar express<br />Spar 2U<br />Pharmacy at SPAR<br />tops! at SPAR<br />SaveMor<br />EUROSPAR<br />Build it<br />BEAN TREE<br />Spar Gourmet<br />Pet Storey<ref name= "Our Brands">{{cite web|url= https://www.spar.co.za/Services/Our-Brands |title= Our Brands |author= |publisher= Spar |date= |access-date= 18 October 2025 }}</ref>|revenue={{increase}} [[South African rand|R]]152.33 billion <small>(2024)</small><ref name= "Integrated Annual Report 2024"></ref>|operating_income={{increase}} R2.11 billion <small>(2024)</small><ref name= "Integrated Annual Report 2024"></ref>|net_income={{decrease}} R352 million <small>(2024)</small><ref name= "Integrated Annual Report 2024"></ref>|assets={{decrease}} R59.25 billion <small>(2024)</small><ref name= "Integrated Annual Report 2024"></ref>|equity={{decrease}} R59.25 billion <small>(2024)</small><ref name= "Integrated Annual Report 2024"></ref>|num_employees=11,191 <small>(2024)</small><ref name= "Integrated Annual Report 2024"></ref>}} Spar e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bobedi, mme e dirisa motswako wa dimotlelara tsa kgwebo le tsa franchise mo mabenkeleng a yone. Gape kompone eno e tsamaisa mabenkele a a rekisang dijo tse di motlhofo a a bidiwang Spar express, a a dirwang ke Shell, a a leng mo dikagong tsa yone. Kompone e na le diteseletso tsa go dirisa leina la SPAR mo mafatsheng a le lesome le bongwe go akaretsa le Aforika Borwa. Kwa ntle ga naga ya gaabo, Spar e na le mabenkele kwa Borwa jwa Afrika, [[Sri Lanka]], South West [[England]], le [[Ireland]]. Kompone e dira jaaka kgwebo ya bobolokelo le kabo, e tlamela bagwebi ba ba ikemetseng (ba ba dirang ka fa tlase ga letshwao la Spar) ka dikuno tse di foreshe le dithoto, mmogo le ditirelo tse di farologaneng tsa tshegetso. Barekisi ba ka dirisa letshwao la Spar fa ba saena tumelano ya botokololo le SPAR Guild of Southern Africa. <ref name=":0">[https://thespargroup.com/about-us/our-value-chain/ "Our Value Chain".] Spar. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Kompone e dira jaaka kgwebo ya bobolokelo le kabo, e tlamela bagwebi ba ba ikemetseng (ba ba dirang ka fa tlase ga letshwao la Spar) ka dikuno tse di phepa le dithoto, mmogo le ditirelo tse di farologaneng tsa tshegetso. Barekisi ba ka dirisa letshwao la Spar fa ba saena tumelano ya botokololo le SPAR Guild of Southern Africa. <ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi lebone , Spar e na le mabenkele a ka nna dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhanogo ralala mafatshe a le lesome le bongwe, mme e thapa batho ba ba fetang 1dikete tse lesome le bongwe. <ref>[https://thespargroup.com/pdf/SPAR_IAR_2024.pdf Integrated Annual Report 2024"] (PDF). Spar. 2024. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> == Ditso == Tirelo ya Spar mo Afrika Borwa e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boraro, kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town,]] ke bagwebi ba le robedi, ba ba simolotseng go direla mabenkele a mannye a le makgolo a matlhano. Lefatshe le ne le la ntlha kwa ntle ga Yuropa go nna leloko la SPAR International organization.<ref name=":1">[https://thespargroup.com/about-us/history/ "Spar - History".] Spar. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le botlhano, Spar e ne ya simolola letshwao la yone la SaveMor, le le neng le ikaeletse go direla baagi ba kwa magaeng. Dingwaga di le mmalwa morago ga moo, ka ngwaga wa se<ref name=":1" />kete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabongwe setlhopha se ne sa bula setheo sa kabo (DC) kwa KwaZulu-Natal.<ref name=":1" /> Spar e simolotse letshwao la yone la mabenkele a kago, Build it, ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le botlhano, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe, setlhopha se ne sa fudusetsa ntlokgolo ya sone kwa [[Pinetown]], KwaZulu-Natal, mme sa simolola ketane ya mabenkele a mannye a KWIKSPAR. Dingwaga tsa bo masome a robabongwe di tlisitse ditlhabololo tse dintsi mo setlhopheng, ka go tlhomiwa ga senthara ya yona ya kabo kwa Kapa Botlhaba ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro, le go bulwa ga letshwao la lebenkele la SUPERSPAR ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi. <ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi, Spar e ne ya simolola go rekisa dilo tsa yone tse di kwa godimo! Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone, setlhopha se se kwadisitsweng mo [[JSE Limited,]] e leng setheo se segolo sa kgwebo ya dithoto mo Aforika Borwa. DC ya boraro ya Spar e ne ya bulwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe, kwa Borwa jwa Gauteng. <ref name=":1" /> [[Setshwantsho:The Fresh, a Spar Cafe in De Waterkant, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|The Fresh, lefelo la go jela la Spar kwa De Waterkant, Cape Town]] Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe, lebenkele la SPAR le ne la bulwa. SPAR e rekile 80% ya diabe tsa BWG Foods, khampani e e dirang kwa Ireland le South West England ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, kompone ke mong wa mabenkele a SPAR koo, mmogo le difane tsa selegae jaaka Mace.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano, Spar e ne ya simolola lenaneo la maduo, ka fa e-dikhuphone e ne e tla naya bareki ditheko tse di kwa tlase mo dilwaneng tse ba di ratang. <ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/458/238670.html "Revamped Spar Rewards programme gathers 1 million sign-ups in 6 days".] Bizcommunity.com. 23 May 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Fresh Produce Section in a Spar Store in De Waterkant, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la dijo tse di phepa mo lebenkeleng la Spar]] Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, setlhopha se ne sa reka 60% ya SPAR Switzerland, mme ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa , e ne ya simololwa kwa Sri Lanka ka koporasi magareng ga SPAR le Ceylon Biscuits Limited, motlhami wa dijo wa Sri Lanka.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe, SPAR e ne ya nna mong wa BWG Foods ka botlalo. <ref>Hancock, Ciaran. [https://www.irishtimes.com/business/wholesale-grocery-group-bwg-posts-annual-sales-of-1-3bn-a-rise-of-5-1.912555 "Wholesale grocery group BWG posts annual sales of €1.3bn, a rise of 5%".] ''The Irish Times''. Retrieved 13 August 2021.</ref><ref>Statement, Privacy; Conditions, Terms and; Policy, Cookies; Statement, Accessibility. "Our History – bwg.ie". Retrieved 3 April 2026</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, kompone e ne ya simolola tirelo ya yona ya go tsamaisa ya Spar 2U e e ikaegileng ka app, ka teko ya tekelelo kwa mabenkeleng a a tlhophilweng kwa Joburg. <ref name=":2">[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/182/225096.html "Spar to roll out grocery delivery service in Johannesburg".] Bizcommunity.com. 16 February 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Confectionery Section of a Spar Outlet in De Waterkant, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lefelo le go rekisiwang dimonamone kwa go lone kwa Spar]] Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro, komponi e ne ya simolola gape lenaneo la yone la dituelo, mo lekgetlhong leno e le ka karata ya Spar Rewards. Karata e ne e na le batho ba ba fetang milione o le mongwe ba ba neng ba ikwadisa mo malatsing a yone a ntlha a le marataro. 40% ya ba ba ikwadisitseng e ne e le maloko a masha mo mananeong a go duela a Spar. <ref name=":2" /> Spar e ne ya emisa go dira kwa Poland ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro, morago ga dingwaga di le tharo.<ref>[https://thespargroup.com/about-us/ About Us".] Spar. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Gape ka ngwaga wa dike tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano, setlhopha se ne sa oketsa seabe sa sona go ya go 100% mo letshwaong la SPAR Encore la private label. Seno se ne sa latela fa setlhopha se sena go nna le seabe se se laolang mo Encore ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi . Kgwebo e e dira jaaka motlamedi wa letshwaokgwebo la poraefete la setlhopha, mme e dira go reka, go paka, le go tlamela dikumo tsa letshwaokgwebo la Spar, tse di akaretsang dijo tse di rileng le mefuta e mengwe ya dithoto. <ref>Competition Tribunal of South Africa (31 January 2023). [https://lawlibrary.org.za/akn/za/judgment/zact/2023/20/eng@2023-02-27 "Spar Group Ltd v Spar Encore Ltd (LM133Oct22) &#x5B;2023&#x5D; ZACT 20 (27 February 2023) (Reasons)".] Law Library. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobe, Spar e ne ya itsise gore e ne e dirisana le batlamedi ba ba kgethegileng ba go isa kwa metsesetoropong, go akaretsa KasiD kwa Tembisa le Delivery Ka Speed kwa Mamelodi le Hamanskraal, go nolofatsa go isa kwa gae ga Spar 2U kwa metsesetoropong (e ka tlwaelo e neng e sa direlwe ke ditshupelo tse di ntseng jalo).<ref>[https://spar-international.com/news/spar-south-africa-redefines-rural-shopping-through-partnerships/ "SPAR South Africa redefines local shopping through partnerships".] Spar. 25 January 2024. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone , banka ya kgwebo ya Aforika Borwa FNB e ne ya dirisana le Spar, gore badirisi ba pele ba simolole go bona maduo a eBucks fa ba reka kwa Spar. <ref>Staff Writer (1 February 2024). [https://mybroadband.co.za/news/banking/523506-fnb-expands-ebucks-rewards-to-spar.html "FNB expands eBucks Rewards to Spar"]. MyBroadband. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano, Spar e ne ya simolola Spar Mobile, e leng motsamaisi wa marangrang a mobile virtual network (MVNO), e e dirang mo kgwebong ya MTN. Spar Mobile e ne ya tlhamiwa ka tirisanommogo le megsApp, MVNO e nngwe e e dirisang mafaratlhatlha a MTN. <ref name=":3">Jan Vermeulen (14 May 2025). [["Large retailer launches https://www.go2africa.com/african-travel-blog/rainbow-romance-gay-friendly-guide-cape-townmobile operator in South Africa".|"Large retailer launches mobile operator in South Africa".]] MyBroadband. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Komponi e ne ya golaganya diphuthelwana tsa data tsa MVNO le thulaganyo ya yone ya go duela. Ka nako eo, Spar a re mmaraka wa Aforika Borwa wa airtime le data o ne o lekanyetswa go nna R100 billion ka ngwaga, ka 86% ya ditransekshene di duelwa pele.<ref name=":3" /> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano, Spar's CEO Max Oliva o ne a rola tiro, morago ga go nna mo kgwebong ka dingwaga di le masome a mararo.<ref>Staff Writer (10 June 2025). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/827584/spar-south-africa-ceo-resigns/ "SPAR South Africa CEO resigns".] BusinessTech. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano, Spar e ne ya dirisana mmogo le Uber Eats go thusa go isa Spar le dilo tse di kwa godimo kwa gae! ka dilo tsa Spar ka app ya Uber.<ref>Staff Writer (8 July 2025). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/830815/spar-grocery-and-alcohol-deliveries-now-on-uber-eats-in-south-africa/ "SPAR grocery and alcohol deliveries now on Uber Eats in South Africa"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Kakgwedi ya Lwetse,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano, setlhopha se ne sa itsise gore se rekisitse kgwebo ya sona ya kwa Switzerland ka R1 billion, mme se ne se rulaganyetsa go rekisa kompone ya sone ya kwa UK, gore se kgone go tsepamisa mogopolo mo kgwebong ya bagwebi ba Afrika Borwa.<ref>Bloomberg (9 September 2025). [https://www.news24.com/business/companies/spar-sells-its-swiss-stores-to-focus-on-south-africa-20250909-0464 "SPAR sells its Swiss stores to focus on South Africa"]. news24. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Mo go yone kgwedi eo, Spar e ne ya simolola lebenkele la yone la mabenkele a diruiwa. Go dira ka fa tlase ga letshwao la Pet Storey le lesha, lebenkele la ntlha le ne la bulwa kwa Boksburg. <ref>[https://supermarket.co.za/index.php/store-openings/7401-spar-launches-pet-storey-a-playful-new-pet-store-entrepreneurial-opportunity-a-wonderland-for-pets-and-their-owners "SPAR Launches Pet Storey, a playful new pet store & entrepreneurial opportunity – a wonderland for pets and their owners".] Supermarket & Retailer. 19 September 2025. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref>Lebenkele le le ne le le karolo ya komponi ya selegae Petmasters, mme le ne la fetolwa leina go nna Pet Storey. <ref name=":4">Bianke Neethling (19 September 2025). [https://dailyinvestor.com/retail/102784/spar-takes-on-checkers-and-woolworths-in-new-arena/ "SPAR takes on Checkers and Woolworths in new arena".] Daily Investor. Retrieved 17 May 2026.</ref>Ka nako ya go simololwa, Spar o ne a netefatsa gore o na le dithulaganyo tsa go atolosa letshwao la gagwe go nna magareng ga mabenkele a le masome a mabedi le botlhano le masome a mararo kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano, le bonnye jwa mabenkele a le lekgolo kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro.<ref name=":4" /> Kompone e ne e le ya boraro go tsena mo kgwebong ya mabenkele a diruiwa mo Afrika Borwa, morago ga go gaisana le Absolute Pets le Petshop Science, tseo ka bobedi di leng tsa dikompone tsa disuphamakete tsa selegae.<ref>Nick Wilson (19 September 2025). [https://www.news24.com/business/companies/spar-pounces-on-r8bn-pet-market-and-furry-shoppers-will-be-welcome-20250919-0973 "SPAR pounces on R8bn pet market — and furry shoppers will be welcome".] news24. Retrieved 18 May 2026.</ref> Fa lebenkele la ntlha la Pet Storey le ne le bulwa, kgwebo e e neng e gaisana le ya Woolworths, ya Absolute Pets e ne e na le mabenkele a le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi mme ya Checkers e ne e na le mabenkele a le lekgolo le masome a mane le bone.<ref name=":4" />Retail chain Food Lover's Market le yone e simolotse go bula mabenkele a a ikemetseng a VetsMart.<ref>[https://businessexplainer.co.za/companies/2025/09/19/spar-enters-the-pet-market-with-new-franchise/ "Spar Enters The Pet Market With New Franchise"]. Business Explainer. 19 September 2025. Retrieved 17 May 2026.</ref> Gape ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano , bidio e e neng ya romelwa ke moeti wa lebenkele la ntlha la Pet Storey e ne ya bolela gore lebenkele leno le rekisetsa bana ba lone dintšanyana - e leng selo se se sa dirweng thata mo Afrika Borwa, e bile e se sa mabenkele a mangwe a a rekisang diphologolo. Morago ga go ganediwa ke batho ka ntlha ya matshwenyego ka ga boitekanelo jwa diphologolo le pabalesego mo mabenkeleng a a rekisang, lokwalodikgang lwa selegae lwa Business Report lo ne lwa ikgolaganya le Spar.<ref>Ashley Lechman (19 September 2025). [https://businessreport.co.za/companies/2025-09-19-spar-faces-backlash-over-live-puppy-sales-at-new-pet-store-in-alberton/ "SPAR faces backlash over live puppy sales at new pet store in Boksburg".] Business Report. Retrieved 17 May 2026.</ref> E ne ya bolela gore ka go dirisana mmogo le Petmasters (e e neng ya rewa leina la Pet Storey), e ne ya rekisa diphologolo tse di farologaneng go tswa kwa lebenkeleng leo. E ne ya bolela gore go ne go ntse jalo pele lebenkele leno le rekwa le bo le fetolwa leina. Spar e ne ya bolela gore ga e na maikaelelo a go rekisa dilo tseno kwa mabenkeleng a mangwe fa Pet Storey e ntse e gola. Mo godimo ga moo, Spar e ne ya bolela gore e ineetse mo boitekanelong jwa diphologolo, mme e tla leka go busetsa dintšanyana dipe fela tse di setseng mo lebenkeleng leo fa di ntse di letile go rekisiwa, ka go ikgolaganya le mekgatlho ya boitekanelo jwa diphologolo. Morago ga se, kompone e ne ya bolela gore ga e kitla e tlhola e nna le seabe mo thekisong ya dintšanyana. <ref>Lulama Klassen (21 September 2025). [https://www.capetownetc.com/news/spar-drops-live-animal-sales-at-pet-storey/ "SPAR drops live animal sales at Pet Storey".] Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 17 May 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == io4eg5whpugnnxsbc2vry0do5sohp7e 0 14497 52710 2026-07-18T21:27:53Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Massmart 52710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Massmart''', semmuso '''Massmart Holdings Limited,''' ke [[kompone ya mabenkele ya Aforika Borwa]] e e nang le diketane tse dintsi tse dikgolo tsa selegae, go akaretsa Game, [[Makro]], [[Builders Warehouse]], le CBW. Massmart ke morekisi wa bobedi yo mogolo wa dithoto tsa badirisi mo Afrika, morekisi yo mogolo wa dithoto tsa kakaretso, bojalwa le didiriswa tsa go tokafatsa legae le morekisi wa dijo tsa motheo. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150212221935/http://www.massmart.co.za/about-massmart/overview/ Overview of Massmart"]. Massmart.co.za. 2014. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref> Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi , Massmart e ne e na le mabenkele a le makgolo a mane le lesome le bongwe mo Afrika Borwa le dinaga tse dingwe di le lesome le bobedi tsa Sub-Saharan. <ref>[https://stock.walmart.com/financials/unit-counts-and-square-footage/default.aspx Walmart Investor Relations - Financials Investor Relations > Financials"]. ''stock.walmart.com''. Retrieved 15 November 2022.</ref>Komponi e na le ntlokgolo kwa [[Sandton,]] [[Gauteng]], <ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-12/south-african-firms-shut-down-stores-as-violent-riots-intensify "Stores Close Across South Africa as Violent Riots Intensify".] ''Bloomberg.com''. 12 July 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2022.</ref>mme e ntse e le yakompone ya mabenkele ya US Walmart fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe.<ref>Smith, Nicky (29 November 2010). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-11-29/wal-mart-offers-to-buy-51-of-south-africa-s-massmart-at-20-75-per-share "Wal-Mart Offers 16.5 Billion Rand for 51% of Massmart]". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-12205922</ref> == Ditso == Massmart e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe, e simolotse ka go reka mabenkele a le marataro a Makro. <ref>Anathi Madubela (17 November 2022). [https://mg.co.za/business/2022-11-17-behind-massmarts-jse-exit-after-22-years/ "Behind Massmart's JSE exit"]. ''mg.co.za''. Retrieved 8 June 2026.</ref>E ne e kwadisitswe mo JSE Limited ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola gane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi ka R12.50 per share go fitlhela e tsewa ke Walmart ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi .<ref>[https://businesstech.co.za/news/business-opinion/620767/walmart-takes-massmart-private-to-revive-south-african-business/ "Walmart takes Massmart private to revive South African business".] Business Tech. 29 August 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2025.</ref>Fa e sale e tlhomiwa, Massmart e ile ya gola ka tsela ya tlholego le ka go reka. Ditso tsa kompone ya go reka di akaretsa: * Maloko a le makgolo a mararo le masome a supa le borobabobedi a Shield ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi * Mabenkele a le masome a mabedi a Dion ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro * Mabenkele a le lesome le bone a CCW ka kgwedi ya seetebosigo,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi * Mabenkele a masome a mabedi le borataro ka kgwedi ya Phukwi,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi * Mabenkele a le marataro a matona ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe * Mabenkele a le masome a mabedi le bobedi a Browns le Weirs ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi * Baagi Mabenkele ba robabobedi ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro. * Mabenkele a le mararo a De Lay Rey, mabenkele a le lesome le bone a Servistar le mabenkele a le masome a mararo le bone a Federated Timber ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano * Mabenkele a dijo a le marataro a kwa Cambridge ka kgwedi ya Sedimontlhole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi * Mabenkele ale marao a Buildrite ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe * Fruitspot (morekisi wa maungo le merogo e e foreshe) e ne ya rekwa ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi * Rhino Cash & Carry Group ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi. == Dikarolo == == Metswedi == sqdur48r9ro226xuxysa1j9xite9ej2 0 14498 52711 2026-07-18T21:37:55Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Lekgotla le le tsamaisang Ditlhatlhobo (Botswana) 52711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lekgotla la Ditlhatlhobo la Botswana''' (kgotsa BEC) ke motlamedi wa ditlhatlhobo tsa bosetšhaba, o o tlamelang ka ditlhatlhobo le ditlhatlhobo kwa dikolong tsa Botswana. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100118184745/http://www.moe.gov.bw/index.php# Ministry of Education"]. Archived from the original on 18 January 2010.</ref><ref>Letsholo, Keamogetse. [http://allafrica.com/stories/201603020206.html "Botswana: Educated, Informed Nation Possible".] Retrieved 10 October 2016.</ref> == Dithutego == BEC e dira ditlhatlhobo tsa Key Stage mo dikolong tse di potlana le tsa sekgolwane go ralala Botswana. E neela Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE), Junior Certificate Examination (JCE), le Botswana General Certificate of Secondary Education (BGCSE). == Thulaganyo ya konokono == Lekgotla la Ditlhatlhobo la Botswana le neelana ka lenaneo la motheo la dingwaga di le supa , le tlamela ka tshegetso ya kharikhulamo ya dikolo tsa poraemari tse di golagantsweng. == Kharikhulamo == 1nu9lmy3j8yz8njvu2qggz8npk68p91 0 14499 52712 2026-07-18T22:17:30Z Reagoleboga 10854 added a new article 52712 wikitext text/x-wiki == Go Tswa mo Kgolegelong go ya go Moporesidente: Mosepele wa ga Mandela wa go Fedisa Puso ya Kgethololo == Kgang ya botshelo jwa ga Nelson Mandela ke nngwe ya maeto a a tlhomologileng thata mo hisitoring ya segompieno. Go tswa go go nna legolegwa la sepolotiki le le neng le atlholetswe botshelo jotlhe kwa kgolegelong go ya go nna poresidente wa ntlha wa motho montsho wa Aforika Borwa, Mandela o ne a nna le seabe se segolo mo go fetoleng naga e e neng e kgaogantswe ke tlhaolele.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/jul/18/nelson-mandela-day-madiba-zohran-mamdani</ref> Puso ya tlhaolele e ne e ama karolo nngwe le nngwe ya botshelo jwa mo Afrika Borwa. Batho ba bantsho ba Afrika Borwa ba ne ba ganelwa go fitlhelela thuto ka go lekana, ditshono tsa tiro, matlo le go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking. Melao e e tshwanang le Molao wa Group Areas le Melao ya Dipasa e ne e laola gore batho ba ka nna kae le gore ba ka fuduga kae. Mandela o ne a leba melawana eno e le go gataka seriti sa motho mme o ne a dirisa botshelo jwa gagwe go e lwantsha. Jaaka moeteledipele wa African National Congress, Mandela o ne a thusa go rulaganya kganetso kgatlhanong le tlhaolele. O ne a itsege ka go lwela tshiamololo, tota le fa go dira jalo go ne go tsenya botshelo jwa gagwe mo kotsing. Go nna ga gagwe mo ntweng go ne ga felela ka gore a tshwarwe a bo a tsenngwe mo kgolegelong, mme lefa go ntse jalo o ne a tswelela a ikemiseditse go lwela kgololesego.<ref>https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2026-07-16-nelson-mandela-did-not-sell-out/</ref> bmz3of1xd47gtujkebgckfnzrkokrq9 52713 52712 2026-07-18T22:18:38Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52713 wikitext text/x-wiki == Go Tswa mo Kgolegelong go ya go Moporesidente: Mosepele wa ga Mandela wa go Fedisa Puso ya Kgethololo == Kgang ya botshelo jwa ga Nelson Mandela ke nngwe ya maeto a a tlhomologileng thata mo hisitoring ya segompieno. Go tswa go go nna legolegwa la sepolotiki le le neng le atlholetswe botshelo jotlhe kwa kgolegelong go ya go nna poresidente wa ntlha wa motho montsho wa Aforika Borwa, Mandela o ne a nna le seabe se segolo mo go fetoleng naga e e neng e kgaogantswe ke tlhaolele.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/jul/18/nelson-mandela-day-madiba-zohran-mamdani</ref> Puso ya tlhaolele e ne e ama karolo nngwe le nngwe ya botshelo jwa mo Afrika Borwa. Batho ba bantsho ba Afrika Borwa ba ne ba ganelwa go fitlhelela thuto ka go lekana, ditshono tsa tiro, matlo le go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking. Melao e e tshwanang le Molao wa Group Areas le Melao ya Dipasa e ne e laola gore batho ba ka nna kae le gore ba ka fuduga kae. Mandela o ne a leba melawana eno e le go gataka seriti sa motho mme o ne a dirisa botshelo jwa gagwe go e lwantsha. Jaaka moeteledipele wa African National Congress, Mandela o ne a thusa go rulaganya kganetso kgatlhanong le tlhaolele. O ne a itsege ka go lwela tshiamololo, tota le fa go dira jalo go ne go tsenya botshelo jwa gagwe mo kotsing. Go nna ga gagwe mo ntweng go ne ga felela ka gore a tshwarwe a bo a tsenngwe mo kgolegelong, mme lefa go ntse jalo o ne a tswelela a ikemiseditse go lwela kgololesego.<ref>https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2026-07-16-nelson-mandela-did-not-sell-out/</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa gagwe kwa Robben Island, Mandela o ne a nna letshwao la boditšhabatšhaba la mokgatlho o o kgatlhanong le tlhaolele. Batho ba ba neng ba mo ema nokeng mo lefatsheng lotlhe ba ne ba batla gore a gololwe mme ba batla gore go fedisiwe tlhaolele. Go tsenngwa ga gagwe mo kgolegelong go ne ga bontsha maemo a a botlhoko a tsamaiso ya tlhaolele mme ga oketsa kitso ya lefatshe ka bophara ya ntwa ya Aforika Borwa. Fa Mandela a ne a gololwa ka 1990, o ne a tlhopha go buisana go na le go ipusolosetsa. O ne a dira mmogo le baeteledipele ba bangwe ba sepolotiki, go akaretsa le ba puso ya tlhaolele, go dira gore go nne le phetogo ya kagiso go ya temokerasing. Thulaganyo eno e ne ya felela ka gore go nne le ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa temokerasi tsa Afrika Borwa ka 1994, tse mo go tsone baagi ba merafe yotlhe ba neng ba letlelelwa go tlhopha. 0pdsukz2d6rk0lz06u4cyjst045nfmz 52728 52713 2026-07-18T22:47:36Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52728 wikitext text/x-wiki == Go Tswa mo Kgolegelong go ya go Moporesidente: Mosepele wa ga Mandela wa go Fedisa Puso ya Kgethololo == Kgang ya botshelo jwa ga Nelson Mandela ke nngwe ya maeto a a tlhomologileng thata mo hisitoring ya segompieno. Go tswa go go nna legolegwa la sepolotiki le le neng le atlholetswe botshelo jotlhe kwa kgolegelong go ya go nna poresidente wa ntlha wa motho montsho wa Aforika Borwa, Mandela o ne a nna le seabe se segolo mo go fetoleng naga e e neng e kgaogantswe ke tlhaolele.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/jul/18/nelson-mandela-day-madiba-zohran-mamdani</ref> Puso ya tlhaolele e ne e ama karolo nngwe le nngwe ya botshelo jwa mo Afrika Borwa. Batho ba bantsho ba Afrika Borwa ba ne ba ganelwa go fitlhelela thuto ka go lekana, ditshono tsa tiro, matlo le go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking. Melao e e tshwanang le Molao wa Group Areas le Melao ya Dipasa e ne e laola gore batho ba ka nna kae le gore ba ka fuduga kae.<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nelson-mandelas-journey-from-prisoner-to-president/</ref> Mandela o ne a leba melawana eno e le go gataka seriti sa motho mme o ne a dirisa botshelo jwa gagwe go e lwantsha. Jaaka moeteledipele wa African National Congress, Mandela o ne a thusa go rulaganya kganetso kgatlhanong le tlhaolele. O ne a itsege ka go lwela tshiamololo, tota le fa go dira jalo go ne go tsenya botshelo jwa gagwe mo kotsing. Go nna ga gagwe mo ntweng go ne ga felela ka gore a tshwarwe a bo a tsenngwe mo kgolegelong, mme lefa go ntse jalo o ne a tswelela a ikemiseditse go lwela kgololesego.<ref>https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2026-07-16-nelson-mandela-did-not-sell-out/</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa gagwe kwa Robben Island, Mandela o ne a nna letshwao la boditšhabatšhaba la mokgatlho o o kgatlhanong le tlhaolele. Batho ba ba neng ba mo ema nokeng mo lefatsheng lotlhe ba ne ba batla gore a gololwe mme ba batla gore go fedisiwe tlhaolele. Go tsenngwa ga gagwe mo kgolegelong go ne ga bontsha maemo a a botlhoko a tsamaiso ya tlhaolele mme ga oketsa kitso ya lefatshe ka bophara ya ntwa ya Aforika Borwa.<ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/06/11/190671704/the-day-nelson-mandela-walked-out-of-prison</ref> Fa Mandela a ne a gololwa ka 1990, o ne a tlhopha go buisana go na le go ipusolosetsa. O ne a dira mmogo le baeteledipele ba bangwe ba sepolotiki, go akaretsa le ba puso ya tlhaolele, go dira gore go nne le phetogo ya kagiso go ya temokerasing. Thulaganyo eno e ne ya felela ka gore go nne le ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa temokerasi tsa Afrika Borwa ka 1994, tse mo go tsone baagi ba merafe yotlhe ba neng ba letlelelwa go tlhopha.<ref>https://actsa.org/solidarity-is-key-reflections-on-11-years-since-mandelas-death/</ref> fbxs37zgp4g1iuo3qdwdv6vmaorngh8 52729 52728 2026-07-18T22:49:26Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52729 wikitext text/x-wiki == Go Tswa mo Kgolegelong go ya go Moporesidente: Mosepele wa ga Mandela wa go Fedisa Puso ya Kgethololo == Kgang ya botshelo jwa ga [[Nelson Mandela]] ke nngwe ya maeto a a tlhomologileng thata mo hisetoring ya segompieno. Go tswa go go nna legolegwa la sepolotiki le le neng le atlholetswe botshelo jotlhe kwa kgolegelong go ya go nna poresidente wa ntlha wa motho montsho wa [[Aforika Borwa]], Mandela o ne a nna le seabe se segolo mo go fetoleng naga e e neng e kgaogantswe ke tlhaolele.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/jul/18/nelson-mandela-day-madiba-zohran-mamdani</ref> Puso ya tlhaolele e ne e ama karolo nngwe le nngwe ya botshelo jwa mo Aforika Borwa. Batho ba bantsho ba [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ne ba ganelwa go fitlhelela thuto ka go lekana, ditshono tsa tiro, matlo le go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking. Melao e e tshwanang le Molao wa Group Areas le Melao ya Dipasa e ne e laola gore batho ba ka nna kae le gore ba ka fuduga kae.<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nelson-mandelas-journey-from-prisoner-to-president/</ref> Mandela o ne a leba melawana eno e le go gataka seriti sa motho mme o ne a dirisa botshelo jwa gagwe go e lwantsha. Jaaka moeteledipele wa African National Congress, Mandela o ne a thusa go rulaganya kganetso kgatlhanong le tlhaolele. O ne a itsege ka go lwela tshiamololo, tota le fa go dira jalo go ne go tsenya botshelo jwa gagwe mo kotsing. Go nna ga gagwe mo ntweng go ne ga felela ka gore a tshwarwe a bo a tsenngwe mo kgolegelong, mme lefa go ntse jalo o ne a tswelela a ikemiseditse go lwela kgololesego.<ref>https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2026-07-16-nelson-mandela-did-not-sell-out/</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa gagwe kwa Robben Island, Mandela o ne a nna letshwao la boditšhabatšhaba la mokgatlho o o kgatlhanong le tlhaolele. Batho ba ba neng ba mo ema nokeng mo lefatsheng lotlhe ba ne ba batla gore a gololwe mme ba batla gore go fedisiwe tlhaolele. Go tsenngwa ga gagwe mo kgolegelong go ne ga bontsha maemo a a botlhoko a tsamaiso ya tlhaolele mme ga oketsa kitso ya lefatshe ka bophara ya ntwa ya [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/06/11/190671704/the-day-nelson-mandela-walked-out-of-prison</ref> Fa Mandela a ne a gololwa ka 1990, o ne a tlhopha go buisana go na le go ipusolosetsa. O ne a dira mmogo le baeteledipele ba bangwe ba sepolotiki, go akaretsa le ba puso ya tlhaolele, go dira gore go nne le phetogo ya kagiso go ya temokerasing. Thulaganyo eno e ne ya felela ka gore go nne le ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa temokerasi tsa Aforika Borwa ka 1994, tse mo go tsone baagi ba merafe yotlhe ba neng ba letlelelwa go tlhopha.<ref>https://actsa.org/solidarity-is-key-reflections-on-11-years-since-mandelas-death/</ref> 5hrb6xsgkxdd0u5pf0e46ms27qdx1qb 52730 52729 2026-07-18T22:50:18Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52730 wikitext text/x-wiki == Go Tswa mo Kgolegelong go ya go Moporesidente: Mosepele wa ga Mandela wa go Fedisa Puso ya Kgethololo == Kgang ya botshelo jwa ga [[Nelson Mandela]] ke nngwe ya maeto a a tlhomologileng thata mo hisetoring ya segompieno. Go tswa go go nna legolegwa la sepolotiki le le neng le atlholetswe botshelo jotlhe kwa kgolegelong go ya go nna poresidente wa ntlha wa motho montsho wa [[Aforika Borwa]], Mandela o ne a nna le seabe se segolo mo go fetoleng naga e e neng e kgaogantswe ke tlhaolele.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/jul/18/nelson-mandela-day-madiba-zohran-mamdani</ref> === Tlhaolele go Aforika Borwa === Puso ya tlhaolele e ne e ama karolo nngwe le nngwe ya botshelo jwa mo Aforika Borwa. Batho ba bantsho ba [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ne ba ganelwa go fitlhelela thuto ka go lekana, ditshono tsa tiro, matlo le go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking. Melao e e tshwanang le Molao wa Group Areas le Melao ya Dipasa e ne e laola gore batho ba ka nna kae le gore ba ka fuduga kae.<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nelson-mandelas-journey-from-prisoner-to-president/</ref> Mandela o ne a leba melawana eno e le go gataka seriti sa motho mme o ne a dirisa botshelo jwa gagwe go e lwantsha. Jaaka moeteledipele wa African National Congress, Mandela o ne a thusa go rulaganya kganetso kgatlhanong le tlhaolele. O ne a itsege ka go lwela tshiamololo, tota le fa go dira jalo go ne go tsenya botshelo jwa gagwe mo kotsing. Go nna ga gagwe mo ntweng go ne ga felela ka gore a tshwarwe a bo a tsenngwe mo kgolegelong, mme lefa go ntse jalo o ne a tswelela a ikemiseditse go lwela kgololesego.<ref>https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2026-07-16-nelson-mandela-did-not-sell-out/</ref> === Tsa Botshelo jwa Mandela === Ka dingwaga tsa gagwe kwa Robben Island, Mandela o ne a nna letshwao la boditšhabatšhaba la mokgatlho o o kgatlhanong le tlhaolele. Batho ba ba neng ba mo ema nokeng mo lefatsheng lotlhe ba ne ba batla gore a gololwe mme ba batla gore go fedisiwe tlhaolele. Go tsenngwa ga gagwe mo kgolegelong go ne ga bontsha maemo a a botlhoko a tsamaiso ya tlhaolele mme ga oketsa kitso ya lefatshe ka bophara ya ntwa ya [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/06/11/190671704/the-day-nelson-mandela-walked-out-of-prison</ref> Fa Mandela a ne a gololwa ka 1990, o ne a tlhopha go buisana go na le go ipusolosetsa. O ne a dira mmogo le baeteledipele ba bangwe ba sepolotiki, go akaretsa le ba puso ya tlhaolele, go dira gore go nne le phetogo ya kagiso go ya temokerasing. Thulaganyo eno e ne ya felela ka gore go nne le ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa temokerasi tsa Aforika Borwa ka 1994, tse mo go tsone baagi ba merafe yotlhe ba neng ba letlelelwa go tlhopha.<ref>https://actsa.org/solidarity-is-key-reflections-on-11-years-since-mandelas-death/</ref> 0jnb84uqvpp33qwo0dc2y91p9ngox2h 0 14500 52714 2026-07-18T22:22:08Z Reagoleboga 10854 added a new article 52714 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgethololo: Thulaganyo E E Neng Ya Kgaoganya Afrika Borwa Mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le masome a matlhano, Afrika Borwa e ne e laolwa ke tsamaiso ya go tlhaola batho ka lotso e e bidiwang apartheid. Lefoko "apartheid" le raya "go kgaogana" ka Se-Afrikaans, mme le ne le emela molao wa puso o o neng o kgaoganya batho go ya ka go tlhaolwa ka lotso. E re ka puso ya tlhaolele e ne e simolotswe ke National Party ka 1948, e ne ya dira gore batho ba Afrika Borwa ba ba basweu ba nne le maatla a sepolotiki le a ikonomi mme bontsi jwa batho ba ne ba sa newe ditshwanelo tsa motheo le kgololesego. Thuto le yone e ne ya amiwa thata ke tlhaolele. Molao wa Thuto wa Bantu wa 1953 o tlhodile tsamaiso ya thuto e e farologaneng e e rulaganyeditsweng go baakanyetsa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ditiro tse di lekanyeditsweng mo setšhabeng. Dikolo tsa baithuti ba bantsho di ne di amogela madi a mannye, mme seno se ne sa dira gore ba se ka ba kgona go bona thuto e e nang le boleng. Go sa lekalekane gono go ne ga nna le ditlamorago tse di nnelang ruri mo ditšhono tsa ditiro le mo go goleng ga ikonomi. 228xgsay6gmwrxwf4rdjkock0ckg9eh 52715 52714 2026-07-18T22:22:33Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52715 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgethololo: Thulaganyo E E Neng Ya Kgaoganya Afrika Borwa Mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le masome a matlhano, Afrika Borwa e ne e laolwa ke tsamaiso ya go tlhaola batho ka lotso e e bidiwang apartheid. Lefoko "apartheid" le raya "go kgaogana" ka Se-Afrikaans, mme le ne le emela molao wa puso o o neng o kgaoganya batho go ya ka go tlhaolwa ka lotso. E re ka puso ya tlhaolele e ne e simolotswe ke National Party ka 1948, e ne ya dira gore batho ba Afrika Borwa ba ba basweu ba nne le maatla a sepolotiki le a ikonomi mme bontsi jwa batho ba ne ba sa newe ditshwanelo tsa motheo le kgololesego. Thuto le yone e ne ya amiwa thata ke tlhaolele. Molao wa Thuto wa Bantu wa 1953 o tlhodile tsamaiso ya thuto e e farologaneng e e rulaganyeditsweng go baakanyetsa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ditiro tse di lekanyeditsweng mo setšhabeng. Dikolo tsa baithuti ba bantsho di ne di amogela madi a mannye, mme seno se ne sa dira gore ba se ka ba kgona go bona thuto e e nang le boleng. Go sa lekalekane gono go ne ga nna le ditlamorago tse di nnelang ruri mo ditšhono tsa ditiro le mo go goleng ga ikonomi. Puso ya tlhaolele gape e ne e thibela batho go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking. Batho ba bantsho ba Afrika Borwa ba ne ba sa letlelelwe go tlhopha mo ditlhophong tsa setšhaba e bile ba ne ba se na tlhotlheletso e kalo mo ditshwetsong tse di amang matshelo a bone. Melao e e tshwanang le Melao ya Dipasa e ne e laola kwa batho ba Bantsho ba neng ba ka kgona go tsamaya le go bereka gone, e dira gore ba se ka ba kgona go tsamaya ka kgololesego. Go sa kgathalesege maemo ano a a gatelelang, Baafrika Borwa ba le bantsi ba ne ba ganetsa puso ya tlhaolele ka go dira ditshupetso, mekgatlho ya dipolotiki le mekgatlho ya setšhaba. Baeteledipele, balweladiphetogo, baithuti le baagi ba ba tlwaelegileng ba ne ba gwetlha tsamaiso eno mme ba batla gore go nne le tekatekano le tshiamiso. Kganetso ya boditšhabatšhaba le yone e ne ya oketsega, dinaga di le dintsi di ne tsa gatelela Afrika Borwa gore e fedise tlhaolele. Tsamaiso ya tlhaolele e ne ya khutla semmuso mo masimologong a bo1990 morago ga dingwaga di le dintsi tsa go ganetsa le go buisana. Ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa temokerasi di ne tsa tshwarwa ka 1994, go tshwaya motlha o moša mo hisetoring ya Aforika Borwa. Le fa ditlamorago tsa tlhaolele di sa ntse di ama naga eno gompieno, go tlhaloganya nako eno go sa ntse go le botlhokwa gore go rarabololwe go sa lekalekane le go rotloetsa tshiamiso ya loago. d2ot29ykezfu4jodkzpf4ypm62tdr6i 52716 52715 2026-07-18T22:22:53Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52716 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kgethololo: Thulaganyo E E Neng Ya Kgaoganya Aforika Borwa == Mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le masome a matlhano, Afrika Borwa e ne e laolwa ke tsamaiso ya go tlhaola batho ka lotso e e bidiwang apartheid. Lefoko "apartheid" le raya "go kgaogana" ka Se-Afrikaans, mme le ne le emela molao wa puso o o neng o kgaoganya batho go ya ka go tlhaolwa ka lotso. E re ka puso ya tlhaolele e ne e simolotswe ke National Party ka 1948, e ne ya dira gore batho ba Afrika Borwa ba ba basweu ba nne le maatla a sepolotiki le a ikonomi mme bontsi jwa batho ba ne ba sa newe ditshwanelo tsa motheo le kgololesego. Thuto le yone e ne ya amiwa thata ke tlhaolele. Molao wa Thuto wa Bantu wa 1953 o tlhodile tsamaiso ya thuto e e farologaneng e e rulaganyeditsweng go baakanyetsa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ditiro tse di lekanyeditsweng mo setšhabeng. Dikolo tsa baithuti ba bantsho di ne di amogela madi a mannye, mme seno se ne sa dira gore ba se ka ba kgona go bona thuto e e nang le boleng. Go sa lekalekane gono go ne ga nna le ditlamorago tse di nnelang ruri mo ditšhono tsa ditiro le mo go goleng ga ikonomi. Puso ya tlhaolele gape e ne e thibela batho go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking. Batho ba bantsho ba Afrika Borwa ba ne ba sa letlelelwe go tlhopha mo ditlhophong tsa setšhaba e bile ba ne ba se na tlhotlheletso e kalo mo ditshwetsong tse di amang matshelo a bone. Melao e e tshwanang le Melao ya Dipasa e ne e laola kwa batho ba Bantsho ba neng ba ka kgona go tsamaya le go bereka gone, e dira gore ba se ka ba kgona go tsamaya ka kgololesego. Go sa kgathalesege maemo ano a a gatelelang, Baafrika Borwa ba le bantsi ba ne ba ganetsa puso ya tlhaolele ka go dira ditshupetso, mekgatlho ya dipolotiki le mekgatlho ya setšhaba. Baeteledipele, balweladiphetogo, baithuti le baagi ba ba tlwaelegileng ba ne ba gwetlha tsamaiso eno mme ba batla gore go nne le tekatekano le tshiamiso. Kganetso ya boditšhabatšhaba le yone e ne ya oketsega, dinaga di le dintsi di ne tsa gatelela Afrika Borwa gore e fedise tlhaolele. Tsamaiso ya tlhaolele e ne ya khutla semmuso mo masimologong a bo1990 morago ga dingwaga di le dintsi tsa go ganetsa le go buisana. Ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa temokerasi di ne tsa tshwarwa ka 1994, go tshwaya motlha o moša mo hisetoring ya Aforika Borwa. Le fa ditlamorago tsa tlhaolele di sa ntse di ama naga eno gompieno, go tlhaloganya nako eno go sa ntse go le botlhokwa gore go rarabololwe go sa lekalekane le go rotloetsa tshiamiso ya loago. qrl5y91n8mbs8t15opammfgg3x6apie 52717 52716 2026-07-18T22:25:34Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52717 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kgethololo: Thulaganyo E E Neng Ya Kgaoganya Aforika Borwa == Dingwaga di le masome a matlhano, Aforika Borwa e ne e laolwa ke tsamaiso ya go tlhaola batho ka lotso e e bidiwang apartheid. Lefoko "apartheid" le raya "go kgaogana" ka Se-Afrikaans, mme le ne le emela molao wa puso o o neng o kgaoganya batho go ya ka go tlhaolwa ka lotso. E re ka puso ya tlhaolele e ne e simolotswe ke National Party ka 1948, e ne ya dira gore batho ba Afrika Borwa ba ba basweu ba nne le maatla a sepolotiki le a ikonomi mme bontsi jwa batho ba ne ba sa newe ditshwanelo tsa motheo le kgololesego. Thuto le yone e ne ya amiwa thata ke tlhaolele. Molao wa Thuto wa Bantu wa 1953 o tlhodile tsamaiso ya thuto e e farologaneng e e rulaganyeditsweng go baakanyetsa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ditiro tse di lekanyeditsweng mo setšhabeng. Dikolo tsa baithuti ba bantsho di ne di amogela madi a mannye, mme seno se ne sa dira gore ba se ka ba kgona go bona thuto e e nang le boleng. Go sa lekalekane gono go ne ga nna le ditlamorago tse di nnelang ruri mo ditšhono tsa ditiro le mo go goleng ga ikonomi. Puso ya tlhaolele gape e ne e thibela batho go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking. Batho ba bantsho ba Afrika Borwa ba ne ba sa letlelelwe go tlhopha mo ditlhophong tsa setšhaba e bile ba ne ba se na tlhotlheletso e kalo mo ditshwetsong tse di amang matshelo a bone. Melao e e tshwanang le Melao ya Dipasa e ne e laola kwa batho ba Bantsho ba neng ba ka kgona go tsamaya le go bereka gone, e dira gore ba se ka ba kgona go tsamaya ka kgololesego. Go sa kgathalesege maemo ano a a gatelelang, Baafrika Borwa ba le bantsi ba ne ba ganetsa puso ya tlhaolele ka go dira ditshupetso, mekgatlho ya dipolotiki le mekgatlho ya setšhaba. Baeteledipele, balweladiphetogo, baithuti le baagi ba ba tlwaelegileng ba ne ba gwetlha tsamaiso eno mme ba batla gore go nne le tekatekano le tshiamiso. Kganetso ya boditšhabatšhaba le yone e ne ya oketsega, dinaga di le dintsi di ne tsa gatelela Afrika Borwa gore e fedise tlhaolele. Tsamaiso ya tlhaolele e ne ya khutla semmuso mo masimologong a bo1990 morago ga dingwaga di le dintsi tsa go ganetsa le go buisana. Ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa temokerasi di ne tsa tshwarwa ka 1994, go tshwaya motlha o moša mo hisetoring ya Aforika Borwa. Le fa ditlamorago tsa tlhaolele di sa ntse di ama naga eno gompieno, go tlhaloganya nako eno go sa ntse go le botlhokwa gore go rarabololwe go sa lekalekane le go rotloetsa tshiamiso ya loago. raxm1e77vyfta6wbv2ew3erz8qevnz8 52731 52717 2026-07-18T22:52:33Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52731 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kgethololo: Thulaganyo e e Neng Ya Kgaoganya Aforika Borwa == Dingwaga di le masome a matlhano, Aforika Borwa e ne e laolwa ke tsamaiso ya go tlhaola batho ka lotso e e bidiwang apartheid. Lefoko "apartheid" le raya "go kgaogana" ka Se-Afrikaans, mme le ne le emela molao wa puso o o neng o kgaoganya batho go ya ka go tlhaolwa ka lotso. E re ka puso ya tlhaolele e ne e simolotswe ke National Party ka 1948, e ne ya dira gore batho ba Afrika Borwa ba ba basweu ba nne le maatla a sepolotiki le a ikonomi mme bontsi jwa batho ba ne ba sa newe ditshwanelo tsa motheo le kgololesego. === Thuto === Thuto le yone e ne ya amiwa thata ke tlhaolele. Molao wa Thuto wa Bantu wa 1953 o tlhodile tsamaiso ya thuto e e farologaneng e e rulaganyeditsweng go baakanyetsa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ditiro tse di lekanyeditsweng mo setšhabeng. Dikolo tsa baithuti ba bantsho di ne di amogela madi a mannye, mme seno se ne sa dira gore ba se ka ba kgona go bona thuto e e nang le boleng. Go sa lekalekane gono go ne ga nna le ditlamorago tse di nnelang ruri mo ditšhono tsa ditiro le mo go goleng ga ikonomi. Puso ya tlhaolele gape e ne e thibela batho go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking. Batho ba bantsho ba Afrika Borwa ba ne ba sa letlelelwe go tlhopha mo ditlhophong tsa setšhaba e bile ba ne ba se na tlhotlheletso e kalo mo ditshwetsong tse di amang matshelo a bone. Melao e e tshwanang le Melao ya Dipasa e ne e laola kwa batho ba Bantsho ba neng ba ka kgona go tsamaya le go bereka gone, e dira gore ba se ka ba kgona go tsamaya ka kgololesego. === Botshelo jwa MaAforika Borwa === Go sa kgathalesege maemo ano a a gatelelang, Baafrika Borwa ba le bantsi ba ne ba ganetsa puso ya tlhaolele ka go dira ditshupetso, mekgatlho ya dipolotiki le mekgatlho ya setšhaba. Baeteledipele, balweladiphetogo, baithuti le baagi ba ba tlwaelegileng ba ne ba gwetlha tsamaiso eno mme ba batla gore go nne le tekatekano le tshiamiso. Kganetso ya boditšhabatšhaba le yone e ne ya oketsega, dinaga di le dintsi di ne tsa gatelela [[Aforika Borwa]] gore e fedise tlhaolele. Tsamaiso ya tlhaolele e ne ya khutla semmuso mo masimologong a bo1990 morago ga dingwaga di le dintsi tsa go ganetsa le go buisana. Ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa temokerasi di ne tsa tshwarwa ka 1994, go tshwaya motlha o moša mo hisetoring ya [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le fa ditlamorago tsa tlhaolele di sa ntse di ama naga eno gompieno, go tlhaloganya nako eno go sa ntse go le botlhokwa gore go rarabololwe go sa lekalekane le go rotloetsa tshiamiso ya loago. ntwt2oytbaehw9pzlg8anjdh025uk1l 52732 52731 2026-07-18T22:56:12Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52732 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kgethololo: Thulaganyo e e Neng Ya Kgaoganya Aforika Borwa == Dingwaga di le masome a matlhano, [[Aforika Borwa]] e ne e laolwa ke tsamaiso ya go tlhaola batho ka lotso e e bidiwang apartheid. Lefoko "apartheid" le raya "go kgaogana" ka Se-Afrikaans, mme le ne le emela molao wa puso o o neng o kgaoganya batho go ya ka go tlhaolwa ka lotso. E re ka puso ya tlhaolele e ne e simolotswe ke National Party ka 1948, e ne ya dira gore batho ba [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ba basweu ba nne le maatla a sepolotiki le a ikonomi mme bontsi jwa batho ba ne ba sa newe ditshwanelo tsa motheo le kgololesego.<ref name=":0">https://www.dw.com/en/mandela-day-has-south-africa-failed-his-vision/a-77980740</ref> === Thuto === Thuto le yone e ne ya amiwa thata ke tlhaolele. Molao wa Thuto wa Bantu wa 1953 o tlhodile tsamaiso ya thuto e e farologaneng e e rulaganyeditsweng go baakanyetsa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ditiro tse di lekanyeditsweng mo setšhabeng. Dikolo tsa baithuti ba bantsho di ne di amogela madi a mannye, mme seno se ne sa dira gore ba se ka ba kgona go bona thuto e e nang le boleng.<ref name=":0" /> Go sa lekalekane gono go ne ga nna le ditlamorago tse di nnelang ruri mo ditšhono tsa ditiro le mo go goleng ga ikonomi. Puso ya tlhaolele gape e ne e thibela batho go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking. Batho ba bantsho ba [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ne ba sa letlelelwe go tlhopha mo ditlhophong tsa setšhaba e bile ba ne ba se na tlhotlheletso e kalo mo ditshwetsong tse di amang matshelo a bone. Melao e e tshwanang le Melao ya Dipasa e ne e laola kwa batho ba Bantsho ba neng ba ka kgona go tsamaya le go bereka gone, e dira gore ba se ka ba kgona go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/video/Cape-Town-history-apartheid-number-Robben-Island/-194447</ref> === Botshelo jwa MaAforika Borwa === Go sa kgathalesege maemo ano a a gatelelang, Baafrika Borwa ba le bantsi ba ne ba ganetsa puso ya tlhaolele ka go dira ditshupetso, mekgatlho ya dipolotiki le mekgatlho ya setšhaba. Baeteledipele, balweladiphetogo, baithuti le baagi ba ba tlwaelegileng ba ne ba gwetlha tsamaiso eno mme ba batla gore go nne le tekatekano le tshiamiso. Kganetso ya boditšhabatšhaba le yone e ne ya oketsega, dinaga di le dintsi di ne tsa gatelela [[Aforika Borwa]] gore e fedise tlhaolele. Tsamaiso ya tlhaolele e ne ya khutla semmuso mo masimologong a bo1990 morago ga dingwaga di le dintsi tsa go ganetsa le go buisana. Ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa temokerasi di ne tsa tshwarwa ka 1994, go tshwaya motlha o moša mo hisetoring ya [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le fa ditlamorago tsa tlhaolele di sa ntse di ama naga eno gompieno, go tlhaloganya nako eno go sa ntse go le botlhokwa gore go rarabololwe go sa lekalekane le go rotloetsa tshiamiso ya loago.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/16/post-apartheid-south-africa-50-years-after-soweto-riots-what-has-changed</ref> 54rrtw7i3dtpzsn1yjrchrmlrshicm9 0 14501 52718 2026-07-18T22:29:08Z Reagoleboga 10854 added a new article 52718 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ditshenyegelo tsa Batho tsa Kgethololo: Dikanegelo tsa go Kgaratlha le go Itshoka == Go tlhaola batho ka lotso e ne e se fela tsamaiso ya bopolotiki; e ne e le boitemogelo jo bo neng bo bopa matshelo a letsatsi le letsatsi a dimilione tsa Baafrika Borwa. Melao le melao ya puso e ne e theilwe mo bathong ba mmatota ba ditshono tsa bone, malapa a bone le isagwe ya bone di neng di amilwe ke go tlhaolwa ka lotso le go sa lekalekane. Nngwe ya ditlamorago tse di botlhoko thata tsa puso ya tlhaolele e ne e le go fudusiwa ka dikgoka. Ka melao e e tshwanang le Molao wa Group Areas, baagi ba ne ba fudusiwa go tswa kwa mafelong a a neng a begilwe gore ke a ditlhopha tse di farologaneng tsa lotso. Malapa a ne a kgaoganngwa le magae a bone, mafelo a bone a tiro, dikolo tsa bone le mafelo a bone a setso. Batho ba le bantsi ba ne ba fudusediwa kwa ditoropong tse di neng di le kgakala le ditshono tsa ikonomi, mme seno se ne sa baka mathata a batho ba le bantsi ba sa ntseng ba lebana le one le gompieno. 593b88z3eit7fvxzq01awghizish5qa 52719 52718 2026-07-18T22:30:00Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52719 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ditshenyegelo tsa Batho tsa Kgethololo: Dikanegelo tsa go Kgaratlha le go Itshoka == Go tlhaola batho ka lotso e ne e se fela tsamaiso ya bopolotiki; e ne e le boitemogelo jo bo neng bo bopa matshelo a letsatsi le letsatsi a dimilione tsa Baafrika Borwa. Melao le melao ya puso e ne e theilwe mo bathong ba mmatota ba ditshono tsa bone, malapa a bone le isagwe ya bone di neng di amilwe ke go tlhaolwa ka lotso le go sa lekalekane. Nngwe ya ditlamorago tse di botlhoko thata tsa puso ya tlhaolele e ne e le go fudusiwa ka dikgoka. Ka melao e e tshwanang le Molao wa Group Areas, baagi ba ne ba fudusiwa go tswa kwa mafelong a a neng a begilwe gore ke a ditlhopha tse di farologaneng tsa lotso. Malapa a ne a kgaoganngwa le magae a bone, mafelo a bone a tiro, dikolo tsa bone le mafelo a bone a setso. Batho ba le bantsi ba ne ba fudusediwa kwa ditoropong tse di neng di le kgakala le ditshono tsa ikonomi, mme seno se ne sa baka mathata a batho ba le bantsi ba sa ntseng ba lebana le one le gompieno. The apartheid government also controlled employment opportunities. Black South Africans were often restricted to low-paying jobs and were denied access to many professions. Unequal wages and limited economic opportunities contributed to widespread poverty and increased social inequality. Young people played an important role in resisting apartheid. The 1976 Soweto uprising became a significant moment in the struggle when students protested against the use of Afrikaans as a language of instruction in schools. The government's violent response drew international attention and strengthened opposition to apartheid. b06o0k56xwva8ndnpgb4sbw44ebs8te 0 14502 52720 2026-07-18T22:32:01Z Reagoleboga 10854 added a new article 52720 wikitext text/x-wiki == Seabe sa Basha ba Aforika Borwa mo go Fetoleng Loago == Basha ba Aforika Borwa ba nnile le seabe se segolo mo go bopeng hisetori ya naga eno. Go tswa mo baithuting ba ba neng ba gwetlha tlhaolele ka nako ya Kgaratlho ya kwa Soweto ka 1976 go ya go ba bašwa ba gompieno ba ba dirisang thekenoloji go oketsa kitso, basha ba tswelela go tlhotlheletsa diphetogo tsa loago le tsa sepolotiki. Bopelokgale jwa bone bo bontshitse gore basha ba ka kgona go gwetlha ditheo tse di nang le maatla le go nna le seabe mo go fetoleng setšhaba. Gompieno, basha ba mo Afrika Borwa ba tswelela pele go rarabolola dikgang tse di amang baagi ba bone. Ba nna le seabe mo mekgatlhong e e buang thata ka go tlhoka tiro, go lekalekana ga banna le basadi, go fetoga ga tlelaemete, thuto le tshiamiso ya loago. Le fa go ntse jalo, basha ba le bantsi ba mo Afrika Borwa ba sa ntse ba lebana le dikgwetlho, tse di akaretsang go tlhoka tiro, go sa tshwane ga batho mo go tsa thuto le go sa lekalekane ga ikonomi. Dikgwetlho tseno di tlhoka tharabololo e e tlhabologileng le gore puso le baagi ba nne le seabe ka matlhagatlhaga. Isagwe ya Aforika Borwa e ikaegile ka go maatlafatsa baša ka bokgoni, thuto le ditšhono. Ka go lemoga botlhokwa jwa mantswe a bašwa, naga e ka aga setšhaba se se tlotlang bokgoni jwa go tlhama, maikarabelo le maikarabelo a loago. kk8g8vjut1ers0c9w3sh09qblwlfpk2 52726 52720 2026-07-18T22:44:52Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52726 wikitext text/x-wiki == Seabe sa Basha ba Aforika Borwa mo go Fetoleng Loago == Basha ba Aforika Borwa ba nnile le seabe se segolo mo go bopeng hisetori ya naga eno. Go tswa mo baithuting ba ba neng ba gwetlha tlhaolele ka nako ya Kgaratlho ya kwa Soweto ka 1976 go ya go ba bašwa ba gompieno ba ba dirisang thekenoloji go oketsa kitso, basha ba tswelela go tlhotlheletsa diphetogo tsa loago le tsa sepolotiki. Bopelokgale jwa bone bo bontshitse gore basha ba ka kgona go gwetlha ditheo tse di nang le maatla le go nna le seabe mo go fetoleng setšhaba.<ref>https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/stay-updated/global-news/building-the-future-young-south-africans-deserve/</ref> Gompieno, basha ba mo Aforika Borwa ba tswelela pele go rarabolola dikgang tse di amang baagi ba bone. Ba nna le seabe mo mekgatlhong e e buang thata ka go tlhoka tiro, go lekalekana ga banna le basadi, go fetoga ga tlelaemete, thuto le tshiamiso ya loago.<ref>https://saiia.org.za/research/youth-believe-that-democracy-works-but-needs-major-changes/</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, basha ba le bantsi ba mo Aforika Borwa ba sa ntse ba lebana le dikgwetlho, tse di akaretsang go tlhoka tiro, go sa tshwane ga batho mo go tsa thuto le go sa lekalekane ga ikonomi. Dikgwetlho tseno di tlhoka tharabololo e e tlhabologileng le gore puso le baagi ba nne le seabe ka matlhagatlhaga. Isagwe ya Aforika Borwa e ikaegile ka go maatlafatsa baša ka bokgoni, thuto le ditšhono. Ka go lemoga botlhokwa jwa mantswe a bašwa, naga e ka aga setšhaba se se tlotlang bokgoni jwa go tlhama, maikarabelo le maikarabelo a loago.<ref>https://iol.co.za/business-report/energy/2026-06-17-youth-must-be-architects-of-south-africas-green-future/</ref> f0kah69wpxw7o2gsug63z9d24gglokn 52727 52726 2026-07-18T22:45:55Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52727 wikitext text/x-wiki == Seabe sa Basha ba Aforika Borwa mo go Fetoleng Loago == Baswa ba [[Aforika Borwa]] ba nnile le seabe se segolo mo go bopeng hisetori ya naga eno. Go tswa mo baithuting ba ba neng ba gwetlha tlhaolele ka nako ya Kgaratlho ya kwa [[Soweto]] ka 1976 go ya go ba bašwa ba gompieno ba ba dirisang thekenoloji go oketsa kitso, basha ba tswelela go tlhotlheletsa diphetogo tsa loago le tsa sepolotiki. Bopelokgale jwa bone bo bontshitse gore basha ba ka kgona go gwetlha ditheo tse di nang le maatla le go nna le seabe mo go fetoleng setšhaba.<ref>https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/stay-updated/global-news/building-the-future-young-south-africans-deserve/</ref> Gompieno, basha ba mo [[Aforika Borwa]] ba tswelela pele go rarabolola dikgang tse di amang baagi ba bone. Ba nna le seabe mo mekgatlhong e e buang thata ka go tlhoka tiro, go lekalekana ga banna le basadi, go fetoga ga tlelaemete, thuto le tshiamiso ya loago.<ref>https://saiia.org.za/research/youth-believe-that-democracy-works-but-needs-major-changes/</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, basha ba le bantsi ba mo [[Aforika Borwa]] ba sa ntse ba lebana le dikgwetlho, tse di akaretsang go tlhoka tiro, go sa tshwane ga batho mo go tsa thuto le go sa lekalekane ga ikonomi. Dikgwetlho tseno di tlhoka tharabololo e e tlhabologileng le gore puso le baagi ba nne le seabe ka matlhagatlhaga. Isagwe ya [[Aforika Borwa]] e ikaegile ka go maatlafatsa baša ka bokgoni, thuto le ditšhono. Ka go lemoga botlhokwa jwa mantswe a bašwa, naga e ka aga setšhaba se se tlotlang bokgoni jwa go tlhama, maikarabelo le maikarabelo a loago.<ref>https://iol.co.za/business-report/energy/2026-06-17-youth-must-be-architects-of-south-africas-green-future/</ref> 0ljww6fwutex53rrxmqhb64cyswevsn 0 14503 52721 2026-07-18T22:34:46Z Reagoleboga 10854 added a new article 52721 wikitext text/x-wiki == Basadi ba ba Fetotseng Hisitori: Seabe sa Basadi mo Kgaratlhong e e Kgatlhanong le Kgethololo == Hisitori ya ntwa ya Aforika Borwa kgatlhanong le tlhaolele e tletse ka dikgang tsa bopelokgale le kganetso. Le fa baeteledipele ba le bantsi ba gakologelwa ka ntlha ya dikabelo tsa bone, seabe sa basadi mo go ganetseng puso ya tlhaolele e sa ntse e le karolo e e botlhokwa thata ya go lwela kgololesego. Basadi ba ba tswang mo ditšhabeng tse di farologaneng ba ne ba ema kgatlhanong le melao e e tlhaolang e e neng e ama malapa a bone le botshelo jwa bone jwa letsatsi le letsatsi. Nngwe ya dinako tse di botlhokwa thata e ne e le 1956 Women's March, fa diketekete tsa basadi ba ne ba gwantela kwa Union Buildings kwa Pretoria go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le melao ya phasa e e neng e thibela motsamao wa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa. 8dbvuhuapjnnpnx9b4stxr5t5r88cny 52722 52721 2026-07-18T22:36:04Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52722 wikitext text/x-wiki == Basadi ba ba Fetotseng Hisitori: Seabe sa Basadi mo Kgaratlhong e e Kgatlhanong le Kgethololo == Hisitori ya ntwa ya Aforika Borwa kgatlhanong le tlhaolele e tletse ka dikgang tsa bopelokgale le kganetso. Le fa baeteledipele ba le bantsi ba gakologelwa ka ntlha ya dikabelo tsa bone, seabe sa basadi mo go ganetseng puso ya tlhaolele e sa ntse e le karolo e e botlhokwa thata ya go lwela kgololesego. Basadi ba ba tswang mo ditšhabeng tse di farologaneng ba ne ba ema kgatlhanong le melao e e tlhaolang e e neng e ama malapa a bone le botshelo jwa bone jwa letsatsi le letsatsi. Nngwe ya dinako tse di botlhokwa thata e ne e le 1956 Women's March, fa diketekete tsa basadi ba ne ba gwantela kwa Union Buildings kwa Pretoria go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le melao ya phasa e e neng e thibela motsamao wa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa. Basadi ba ba jaaka Lilian Ngoyi, Helen Joseph, le Albertina Sisulu ba nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go rulaganyeng baagi le go nonotsha mekgatlho ya kganetso. Botlhaga jwa bone bo ne bo bontsha gore ntwa kgatlhanong le tlhaolele e ne e sa etelelwe pele ke banna fela mme gape e ne e tshegediwa ke diketekete tsa basadi ba ba pelokgale. kuoy4982i0p2aw78pf773tixwr71cz5 52723 52722 2026-07-18T22:39:41Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52723 wikitext text/x-wiki == Basadi ba ba Fetotseng Hisitori: Seabe sa Basadi mo Kgaratlhong e e Kgatlhanong le Kgethololo == Hisitori ya ntwa ya Aforika Borwa kgatlhanong le tlhaolele e tletse ka dikgang tsa bopelokgale le kganetso. Le fa baeteledipele ba le bantsi ba gakologelwa ka ntlha ya dikabelo tsa bone, seabe sa basadi mo go ganetseng puso ya tlhaolele e sa ntse e le karolo e e botlhokwa thata ya go lwela kgololesego. Basadi ba ba tswang mo ditšhabeng tse di farologaneng ba ne ba ema kgatlhanong le melao e e tlhaolang e e neng e ama malapa a bone le botshelo jwa bone jwa letsatsi le letsatsi.<ref>https://www.forbesafrica.com/current-affairs/2025/11/16/women-are-not-just-victims-but-leaders-nationwide-shutdown-planned-in-south-africa-by-rights-group-a-day-before-g20</ref> Nngwe ya dinako tse di botlhokwa thata e ne e le 1956 Women's March, fa diketekete tsa basadi ba ne ba gwantela kwa Union Buildings kwa Pretoria go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le melao ya phasa e e neng e thibela motsamao wa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa.<ref>https://theconversation.com/climate-change-hits-south-african-women-unevenly-why-race-class-age-and-power-matter-280397</ref> Basadi ba ba jaaka Lilian Ngoyi, Helen Joseph, le Albertina Sisulu ba nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go rulaganyeng baagi le go nonotsha mekgatlho ya kganetso. Botlhaga jwa bone bo ne bo bontsha gore ntwa kgatlhanong le tlhaolele e ne e sa etelelwe pele ke banna fela mme gape e ne e tshegediwa ke diketekete tsa basadi ba ba pelokgale.<ref>https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/south-africa-must-move-promises-real-change-women-mhlauli</ref> 5ht6iudzmy849vrcwxv97rfwzd5vjkr 52724 52723 2026-07-18T22:41:22Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52724 wikitext text/x-wiki == Basadi ba ba Fetotseng Hisitori: Seabe sa Basadi mo Kgaratlhong e e Kgatlhanong le Kgethololo == Hisetori ya ntwa ya [[Aforika Borwa]] kgatlhanong le tlhaolele e tletse ka dikgang tsa bopelokgale le kganetso. Le fa baeteledipele ba le bantsi ba gakologelwa ka ntlha ya dikabelo tsa bone, seabe sa basadi mo go ganetseng puso ya tlhaolele e sa ntse e le karolo e e botlhokwa thata ya go lwela kgololesego. Basadi ba ba tswang mo ditšhabeng tse di farologaneng ba ne ba ema kgatlhanong le melao e e tlhaolang e e neng e ama malapa a bone le botshelo jwa bone jwa letsatsi le letsatsi.<ref>https://www.forbesafrica.com/current-affairs/2025/11/16/women-are-not-just-victims-but-leaders-nationwide-shutdown-planned-in-south-africa-by-rights-group-a-day-before-g20</ref> Nngwe ya dinako tse di botlhokwa thata e ne e le 1956 Women's March, fa diketekete tsa basadi ba ne ba gwantela kwa Union Buildings kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]] go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le melao ya phasa e e neng e thibela motsamao wa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa.<ref>https://theconversation.com/climate-change-hits-south-african-women-unevenly-why-race-class-age-and-power-matter-280397</ref> === Maina a Basadi Bao === Basadi ba ba jaaka [[Lilian Ngoyi]], Helen Joseph, le Albertina Sisulu ba nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go rulaganyeng baagi le go nonotsha mekgatlho ya kganetso. Botlhaga jwa bone bo ne bo bontsha gore ntwa kgatlhanong le tlhaolele e ne e sa etelelwe pele ke banna fela mme gape e ne e tshegediwa ke diketekete tsa basadi ba ba pelokgale.<ref>https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/south-africa-must-move-promises-real-change-women-mhlauli</ref> kit73v34a2fdq9n4fkz68rwwefb6uyk 52725 52724 2026-07-18T22:41:58Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 52725 wikitext text/x-wiki == Basadi ba ba Fetotseng Hisitori: Seabe sa Basadi mo Kgaratlhong e e Kgatlhanong le Kgethololo == Hisetori ya ntwa ya [[Aforika Borwa]] kgatlhanong le tlhaolele e tletse ka dikgang tsa bopelokgale le kganetso. Le fa baeteledipele ba le bantsi ba gakologelwa ka ntlha ya dikabelo tsa bone, seabe sa basadi mo go ganetseng puso ya tlhaolele e sa ntse e le karolo e e botlhokwa thata ya go lwela kgololesego. Basadi ba ba tswang mo ditšhabeng tse di farologaneng ba ne ba ema kgatlhanong le melao e e tlhaolang e e neng e ama malapa a bone le botshelo jwa bone jwa letsatsi le letsatsi.<ref>https://www.forbesafrica.com/current-affairs/2025/11/16/women-are-not-just-victims-but-leaders-nationwide-shutdown-planned-in-south-africa-by-rights-group-a-day-before-g20</ref> Nngwe ya dinako tse di botlhokwa thata e ne e le 1956 Women's March, fa diketekete tsa basadi ba ne ba gwantela kwa Union Buildings kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]] go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le melao ya phasa e e neng e thibela motsamao wa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa.<ref>https://theconversation.com/climate-change-hits-south-african-women-unevenly-why-race-class-age-and-power-matter-280397</ref> === Maina a Basadi Bao === Basadi ba ba jaaka [[Lilian Ngoyi]], [[Helen Josefa|Helen Joseph]], le [[Albertina Sisulu]] ba nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go rulaganyeng baagi le go nonotsha mekgatlho ya kganetso. Botlhaga jwa bone bo ne bo bontsha gore ntwa kgatlhanong le tlhaolele e ne e sa etelelwe pele ke banna fela mme gape e ne e tshegediwa ke diketekete tsa basadi ba ba pelokgale.<ref>https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/south-africa-must-move-promises-real-change-women-mhlauli</ref> it6pcjcv5sxizjxd8na3gv5m9yobjdj 0 14504 52746 2026-07-19T06:32:24Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Sepodise sa Botswana 52746 wikitext text/x-wiki Tirelo ya Sepodisi sa Botswana ke tirelo ya sepodisi sa Botswana mme ke karolo ya [[Lephata la Tshireletso, Bosiamisi le Tshireletsego.]] Mapodisi a na le batlhankedi ba sepodisi ba le dikete di robabongwe le makgolo a matlhano.<ref>https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-countries/Africa/BOTSWANA ''www.interpol.int''. Retrieved 2023-10-07.</ref> == Ditso == Tirelo e e simolotse mo Bechuanaland Mounted Police, e e neng ya tlhomiwa ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e rongwa,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bone. Sepodisi sa molelwane sa Bechuanaland se tlhamilwe ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e le nne,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano . Ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe charter ya segosi e ne ya tlhoma British South Africa Company's Police, e e neng ya tsaya karolo ya BBP. Ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe, mapodisi a a farologaneng mo lefelong leo a ne a fetolwa maina go fitlha BSAP No.1 (Bechuanaland) Division e ne ya se ka ya tlhola e nna teng, ya nna Bechuanaland Protectorate Police. <ref>Andrew Field. "[http://www.bsap.org/hischronology.html An Abbreviated History of the British South Africa Police".] Retrieved 13 Nov 2017.</ref>Sesole se se ne sa thapa baagi ba se kae ba kwa Bechuanaland, go na le moo se ne sa thapa mapodisi a bantsho kwa Basutoland (e leng Lesotho ya segompieno), Rhodesia (e leng [[Zimbabwe]] ya segompieno) le [[Zambia]]. == Morago ga Boipuso == Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano morago ga boipuso jwa Botswana, go ne ga tlhomiwa Mapodisi a Botswana, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bongwe go ne ga thapiwa mapodisi a ntlha a basadi. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa , go fetola leano la pele le go arabela matshosetsi a a neng a ntse a oketsega a tshireletsego ya Botswana, go ne ga tlhomiwa Sesole sa Tshireletso sa Botswana. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe mapodisi a Botswana a ne a kopanya mapodisi a selegae a Botswana go bopa Tirelo ya Mapodisi a Botswana. Tirelo ya sepodisi ya Botswana ya segompieno ke tirelo ya sepodisi e e tlhometseng ya batlhankedi ba le dikete di robabobedi le masome a matlhano, go akaretsa le batlhankedi ba basadi ba le dikete tse pedi . Lephata la Sepodisi sa Botswana le tsamaisa sekolo sa ithuthuntso sa sepodisi gaufi le motse wa Otse. == Tsela e e dirilweng ka yone == === Dikarolo === Sepodisi seno se kgaogantswe ka dikarolo di le tlhano: * Bokone * Bokone Bogare * Bokonebophirima * Borwa * Borwa Bogare == Maemo == * Mookamela Sepodisi, * Motlatsa Mokhomishenara wa Sepodisi, * Mothusa Motlhankedi yo Mogolo wa Khomišene, * Mothusa Mokomishinara, * Mookamedi yo Mogolo, * Mookamedi, * Mothusa modulasetilo, * Motlhatlhobi, * Motlhatlhobimogolo, * Motlhankedi, * Constable, * Motlhankedi yo o Kgethegileng == Makala le Dikarolo == BPS e kgaogantswe ka makala a a farologaneng mme a a botlhokwa thata ke: * Setlhopha se se Kgethegileng sa Tshegetso (SSG) <ref>Shabani, Thamani (April 26, 2023) "Police Service to Establish Stock Theft Division." Daily Botswana News. https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/72760</ref> * Lekala la Thuso ya Difofane (ASB) * Lekala la Dipalangwa le Ditlhaeletsano (TTB) * Setlhopha sa go Thibela Bogodu jwa Dithoto * Lekala la Thapiso * Crime Intelligence Branch ((CRIB) - Detective Superintendent Pensy Thulaganyo Moremedi ke leloko la motheo la CRIB. * Lephata la Dipatlisiso Tsa Bokebekwa (CID) SSG ke lekala la sesole la BPS mme e tsamaisiwa go ya ka melao ya sesole. Batlhankedi ba sepodisi mo lekaleng leno ba bidiwa badiri mme ba tsenela katiso ya bosole ya dikgwedi di le tharo morago ga go fetsa katiso ya sepodisi ya dikgwedi di le lesome le bobedi . Lekala le kgaogantswe ka diyuniti/dikompone tse di farologaneng: * Setlhopha sa SWAT * Yuniti e e Lwantshang go Tsoma Dithwane ka Dikgoka (APU) * Band Wing Unit (BND) * Lephata la Sepodisi sa Toropokgolo (CPU) * Setlhopha sa Thapiso (TRG) * Yuniti e e Kgethegileng (SPU) * Setlhopha sa Taolo le sa Logistics * 44CES * A Company (A Coy) * B Company (B Coy) * C Company (C Coy) == Metswedi == kz7s91oj57368psmieknnuk07dxxznq 0 14505 52747 2026-07-19T06:41:19Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Sekolo sa ithuthuntsho sa Sepodisi sa Botswana 52747 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sekolo sa ithuthuntsho sa Sepodisi sa Botswana]] e kwa [[Otse]] mo Kgaolong ya Borwa Botlhaba. Khamphase e ntšhwa ya maemo a a kwa godimo ya kholetšhe go fitlhelela ditlhokego tsa katiso tsa Tirelo ya Sepodisi sa Botswana e ne ya dirwa ke FMA Architects Ltd (Moagi wa kwa Canada - Samuel Oboh - e ne e le Moagi wa mo porojekeng eno), e e agilweng ke Stocks Building Africa mme ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi ka tlhwatlhwa ya dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi le boraro tsa Pula. Sekolo sa Ithuthuntsho sa sepodisi e na le khampase ya yone le International Law Enforcement Academies' Gaborone academy, e e itsegeng jaaka ILEA Gaborone. Ke fano koo badiredi ba molao ba ba tswang kwa mafatsheng a fetang masome a mabedi le botlhano tsa Afrika ba tlang gone go tla go ithuta mekgwa ya bosheng ya go dira gore molao o diragadiwe. Go tlhokega palo e e rileng ya dintlha go katisiwa kwa sekolong sa ithuthuntsho sa Sepodisi sa Botswana. <ref name=":0">Bothoko, Pini (5 November 2018). [https://www.proquest.com/docview/2129810690 "Special Constables 'Frustrated, Feel Undervalued'".] ''Mmegi''. Gabarone. [https://www.proquest.com/docview/2129810690 ProQuest&#x20;2129810690.] Retrieved 15 April 2024.</ref>Phetogo ya molawana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi e ne e raya gore Makhanselara a a Kgethegileng a ne a sa tlhole a tseelwa tsia go amogelwa kwa sekolong sa ithuthuntsho fa dikonteraka tsa bone tsa dingwaga tse pedi di fela.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == aqc95pov9vwtm3nydssozftrkzf0kl6 0 14506 52749 2026-07-19T07:29:47Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Mokgabo mo Botswana 52749 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mokgabo/Kapari ya kwa Botswana''' e ikaegile thata ka letsela la Leteisi, le le amogetsweng ke merafe yotlhe jaaka moaparo wa setso wa setšhaba. Go na le setlhopha sa batlhami ba ba nang le maitemogelo se se ileng sa simolola go nna teng go tloga ka dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi . == Diaparo tsa setso le boswa jwa matsela == === Diaparo tsa pele ga bokolone === [[Setshwantsho:Matlalo.jpg|thumb|Tshega, seaparo se se dirilweng ka matlalo a diphologolo, se se aparwang mo lothekeng]] Pele Ba-Yuropa ba kopana le Batswana, moaparo wa setso wa banna e ne e le wa tshega, seaparo se se dirilweng ka matlalo a diphologolo, se se neng se rwalwa mo lothekeng. Basadi ba ne ba apara dijale, mmogo le dikobo tse di dirilweng ka matlalo a diphologolo. Go kgabaganya merafe e e farologaneng ya lefatshe, diaparo di ne di dirwa go tswa mo dilong tse di leng teng mo lefelong leo go akaretsa matlalo a diphologolo, ditlhale tsa dimela, le matsela a a logilweng, a a nang le dibaga le dilo tse di kgabisang tse di bontshang maemo a loago le boitshupo jwa setšhaba. <ref>[https://tswanamajors.wordpress.com/2021/04/11/traditional-attire-of-botswana/ Traditional Attire of Botswana".] Tswana Major Students, Tonota College of Education. 11 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2026.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Patlo Magadi.jpg|thumb|Patlo Magadi]] Morafe wa Seherero le Ba-Mbanderu ba kwa Botswana ba na le moaparo wa bone o o sa tshwaneng le o mongwe. Basadi ba Ba-Herero ba apara diaparo tse di dirilweng ka matsela tse di bidiwang di-ohorokova, tse di dirilweng go tswa mo diaparong tsa motlha wa Ba-Victoria tse di neng di aparwa ke barongwa ba Bajeremane ka nako ya bokoloniale kwa go se jaanong e leng Namibia. Seaparo sa tlhogo se se tlhomologileng se se bopegileng jaaka lonaka lwa kgomo, se se bidiwang otjikaiva, se rwalwa mmogo le seaparo seno jaaka sesupo sa tlotlo le go supa gore dikgomo ke tsone motheo wa khumo ya Ba-Herero. Ohorokova ke letshwao la setso le segopotso sa polao ya morafe ya Herero e e dirilweng ke masole a bokoloniale a Majeremane kwa tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo masome mabedi. <ref>[https://www.tasteofsouthernafrica.com/blog/2020/4/24/cultural-wear-and-fabrics-from-southern-africa Cultural Wear and Fabrics from Southern Africa".] Taste of Southern Africa. 24 April 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2026.</ref> === Leteisi === [[Setshwantsho:Jalenyana.jpg|thumb|Tjale, mmogo le dikobo tse di dirilweng ka letlalo la diphologolo kgotsa leteisi.]] Letsela le le itsegeng thata kwa Botswana ke leteisi (le gape le bidiwang letoitse), e leng letsela la katune le le gatisitsweng le le fetotsweng mmala le le nang le dipopego tse di raraaneng tsa geometry. Matsela ano a simologile kwa Jeremane mme a anamela kwa Botswana ka Aforika Borwa, koo baagi ba Bajeremane ba neng ba a tsenya kwa Kapa Botlhaba le kwa Natal. Batswana ba ne ba e dirisa ka go nna le dikamano tsa setso le tsa kgwebo le ditšhaba tsa Afrika Borwa.<ref>[https://www.knowbotswana.com/botswana-attire-leteisi.html "Leteisi: German Print Fabric".] KnowBotswana. Retrieved 15 April 2026.</ref> Le fa kwa tshimologong e ne e amanngwa thata le merafe ya Batswana e e akaretsang Bakgatla le Bakwena, gompieno leteisi e aparwa ke merafe yotlhe ya Botswana. Matsela a botlhokwa thata mo ditiragalong tsa setso tse di akaretsang manyalo, moletlo wa patlo, dikokoano tsa Kgotla le diphitlho. Gape ke letsela le le aparwang ke basadi fa go bulwa Palamente semmuso. Kwa tshimologong e ne e dirwa ka mmala wa indigo, mme jaanong e teng ka mebala le dipopego tse di farologaneng, mme toropo nngwe le nngwe e kgolo kwa Botswana e na le mabenkele a a e rekisang. Batlhami ba segompieno ba kopantse leteisi le matsela a a akaretsang sei, mme ba atolositse tiriso ya yone mo diaparong tsa banna le tsa basadi. <ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/200911231920.html "Botswana: Leteisi is Back with a Bang"]. AllAfrica / Mmegi. 23 November 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2026.</ref> == Tlhotlheletso ya bokolone mo moaparong == [[Setshwantsho:Trends of culture.jpg|thumb|leteisi (e gape e bidiwang letoitse), letsela la kotone le le gatisitsweng le le fetotsweng mmala le le nang le dipopego tse di raraaneng tsa geometry]] Koloni ya Boritane ya Bechuanaland Protectorate kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobongwe e tlisitse mekgwa ya diaparo tsa Yuropa le matsela a a akaretsang calico le velvet mo merafeng ya Batswana. Barongwa, go akaretsa le basadi ba ba neng ba amana le batho ba ba jaaka Mary Moffat, ba ne ba rotloetsa thata go apara diaparo tsa Bophirima, ba di leba e le tse di tsamaisanang le tiro ya bone ya bodumedi le ya go tlhabolola batho. Basadi ba Batswana ba ne ba kgothalediwa gore ba apare diforoko le marokgwe jaaka matshwao a ditiro tsa bone tse disha tsa mo gae. Banna ba Batswana ba ne ba apara dikobo le marukgwe a Bophirima, kwa tshimologong ba ne ba apara diaparo tsa setso mme moragonyana ba di apara mo botshelong jwa letsatsi le letsatsi.<ref name=":0">[https://releasepeace.org/refashioning-the-tswana-and-threads-of-power/ Refashioning: The Tswana and Threads of Power".] Release Peace. Retrieved 15 April 2026.</ref> Le fa go ne go na le kgatelelo ya bokoloniale, moaparo wa setso o ne wa tswelela go aparwa kwa meletlong le kwa ditiragalong tsa setso, e le tsela ya go bontsha go itshokelana le go supa gore ke batho ba setšhaba sefe. Morago ga boipuso go tloga ka 1966 go ya pele, go ne ga nna le kgatlhego e ntšhwa mo moaparong wa setso jaaka karolo ya go bopa boitshupo jwa bosetšhaba, ka leteisi e ntse e ketekwa jaaka letshwao la ngwao-boswa jwa Botswana. <ref name=":0" /> == Tlhabololo ya pele ya madirelo == Setlhopha sa Botswana sa bataki ba feshene se simolotse go bopega mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi , mme se ne se le kwa Gaborone. Mo nakong e ntsi ya paka eno, batlhami ba mo lefelong leo ba ne ba lebane le sekgoreletsi sa go aga: mabenkele a diaparo a kwa Botswana a ne a na le dilwana tse di tswang mo mefuteng ya Afrika Borwa mme a ne a sa neye difeshene tsa mo lefelong leo sebaka se se kalo. Batlhami gantsi ba ne ba dira lotseno ka dikhomishene tsa batho ka bongwe, dithendara, le ditaletso tsa dipontsho tsa feshene go na le ka go rekisa. [[Mpho Kuaho]], mothei wa letshwao la Jophes 09267, ke mongwe wa batho ba ntlha go dira jaaka modiri wa diaparo kwa Botswana. Letshwao leno le bidiwa "Jophes", e leng leina le monna wa gagwe e bong Joseph a neng a bidiwa ka lone, le kopantswe le 09267, e leng khouto ya boditšhabatšhaba ya Botswana, mme le bontsha gore batho ba naga eno ba itsege ka tsela e e rileng. Kuaho o ne a ithutela go dira diaparo kwa [[Mafikeng]] mme a wetsa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa Linea Academy kwa [[Durban]] pele a boela kwa Gaborone. Setlamo sa gagwe se dira diaparo tsa basadi, tsa banna le dilwana tse dingwe tse di dirilweng ka letsela la leteisi le ka letsopa la setso la dibatha patchwork. Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro , o ne a fenya maemo a ntlha mo kgaisanong ya Redds African Fashion, a gaisana le batlhami ba ba tswang kwa dinageng tse dingwe di le lesome. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa o ne a ipaakanyetsa go dira jaaka mothusi wa modiri wa diaparo mo kgwebong ya '''''The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency'''''.<ref>Tumi Makgetla (15 June 2007). [https://mg.co.za/article/2007-06-15-botswanas-small-step-for-fashion/ "Botswana's small step for fashion".] Mail and Guardian. Retrieved 15 April 2026.</ref> == Dibeke tsa Mokgabo le ditiragalo tsa madirelo == === Colour in the Desert Fashion Week (2011) (Mmala mo Bekeng ya Feshene ya Sekaka) === Colour in the Desert Fashion Week (CDFW), e e tlhomilweng ke Mpho Kuaho le motlhami Tsoseletso Magang ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , e tsewa jaaka beke ya ntlha ya semmuso ya feshene mo Botswana. Kgatiso ya ntlha e ne e na le batlhami ba le barataro mme e ne ya ngoka batlakopanong ba ditšhabatšhaba go tswa kwa Egepeto, Afrika Borwa, Mozambique le Kenya. Ba le bararo ba batlhami ba le barataro ba ba neng ba le teng ba ne ba lalediwa go tla moletlong wa Angola Fashion Business, o o neng o tshegediwa ke Lefapha la Geology, Mining le Madirelo a Angola. CDFW gape e ne ya lalediwa go tla go bontsha mo Swahili Fashion Week kwa Tanzania. Kgatiso ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe1 e ne e tsenetswe ke VH1 stylist Indashio le American model Yaya DaCosta, mme e ne e na le motlhami wa kwa Tanzania Mustafa Hassanali, yo moragonyana a neng a leboga go nna le seabe ga gagwe mo CDFW ka go bula kgoro ya go tlhagelela ga gagwe kwa Swahili Fashion Week. Kgatiso ya ntlha e ne ya amogela maduo a 8 mo go a 10 go tswa go batlhatlhobi ba feshene ba selegae, e leng maemo a a kwa godimo go gaisa mo ditiragalong tsa feshene ya Botswana tse di simolotseng mo ngwageng oo. <ref>[[Asked and Answered: Mpho Kuaho]]". Monsieur Polk. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2026.</ref> === Gaborone Fashion Weekend (2011) === Gaborone Fashion Weekend (GFW), e e tlhomilweng ke moqapi Koketso Chiepe, e ne e tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe mme e ne e neela batlhami ba baša le ba ba sa tswang go tlhagelela. Mmogo le CDFW, e lemogwa jaaka nngwe ya ditiragalo tse pedi tse di bopileng go tlhamiwa ga intaseteri ya feshene e e rulagantsweng kwa Botswana mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi le lesome . Filosofi ya ga Chiepe e ne e le go tlhagisa diaparo tse di neng di ka aparwa ka tlhamalalo go tswa mo lebaleng la go thuma, go baya kwa pele kgono ya kgwebo mmogo le go tlhagisa ka botswerere. <ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/arts-culture/gaborone-fashion-weekend-a-style-studded-affair/news Gaborone fashion weekend a style studded affair"]. Mmegi Online. 13 August 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2026.</ref> === Fashion Without Borders Africa (go tloga ka 2014) === Fashion Without Borders Africa (FWB Africa) ke moletlo wa feshene wa Aforika o o tsentseng Gaborone mo khalendareng ya ngwaga le ngwaga fa e sale e tlhomiwa ka dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone . Kgatiso ya Botswana e tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga ka kgwedi ya Diphalane mme ka metlha e na le batlhami ba mo lefelong leo le ba ba tswang mo kontinenteng. Tlhagiso ya kgatiso ya Botswana e dirwa ke Efigy Productions. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi , tiragalo e e ne e setse e fitlhile mo lekgetlong la borobedi mo mafelong a le mararo: Botswana, Afrika Borwa le Democratic Republic of Congo. <ref>[https://thevoicebw.com/fashion-without-borders-returns/ "Fashion without Borders Returns".] The Voice Botswana. 27 September 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == ey7csf5vj2e73spyvsjedrmvwzyd4pp 0 14507 52751 2026-07-19T08:10:53Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Access Bank Botswana 52751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=Access Bank Botswana|company_type=[[Subsidiary]]|industry=Ditirelo tsa Madi|hq_location=Gaborone, Botswana|key_people=[[Herbert Wigwe]]<br/>([[CEO|group CEO]])|products=Dikadimo, Dipeeletso, Dikadimo tsa Ntlo|parent=[[Access Bank Group]]|website={{URL|botswana.accessbankplc.com/}}}} '''Access Bank Botswana''', ke banka ya kgwebo e e neng e itsege pele jaaka BancABC Botswana, e e nang le ntlokgolo kwa [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]]. Ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe, Access Bank Group e ne ya fetsa go reka 78.15% ya dišere tsa BancABC Botswana. Morago ga moo, banka e ne ya fetola leina la yone go nna la gone jaanong go bontsha gore e na le seabe sefe mo go tsa madi. Dikabelo tsa Access Bank Botswana di rekisiwa kwa Botswana Stock Exchange, ka fa tlase ga letshwao: ACCESS. Komponi e e nang le seabe sa 21.85% e e sa laolweng ke Access Bank Group e ntse e kokobala mo BSE. <ref>Botswana Competition Authority (2020). [https://www.competitionauthority.co.bw/access-bank-proposes-acquire-7815-shares-bancabc "Access Bank Proposes To Acquire 78.15% Shares From BancABC"]. ''Botswana Competition Authority''. Gaborone, Botswana. Retrieved 13 May 2022.</ref><ref>Sunday Ekwochi (11 October 2021). [https://www.accessbankplc.com/AccessBankGroup/media/Documents/corporate-disclosure/COMPLETION-OF-ACQUISITION-OF-AFRICAN-BANING-CORPORATION-OF-BOTSWANA.pdf "Access Bank Plc Announces Completion of Botswana Acquisition"] (PDF). ''Access Bank Group''. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 13 May 2022.</ref><ref name=":0">Wasilat Azeez (12 October 2021)[https://www.thecable.ng/access-bank-acquires-majority-stake-in-bancabc-botswana-fourth-acquisition-in-2021 . "Access Bank acquires majority stake in BancABC Botswana — fourth acquisition in 2021".] ''TheCable''. Retrieved 13 May 2022.</ref> == Kakaretso == [[Setshwantsho:BancABC Logo.png|thumb|Logo ya BancABC pele ga go rekwa ke Atlas Mara ka 2014 le go fetolwa go nna Access Bank]] Access Bank Botswana e ne e le motlamedi wa botlhano yo mogolo wa ditirelo tsa ditšhelete mo Botswana, go tloga ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe .<ref name=":0" />Banka ke setlamo sa [[Access Bank Group]], setlamo sa ditirelo tsa madi se se nang le madirelo mo dinageng di le robongwe tsa kwa borwa jwa Sahara, United Kingdom le United Arab Emirates. Setlhopha seno gape se na le diofisi tsa kemedi kwa China, India le Lebanon. Dithoto tsa setlhopha di kwadisitswe kwa [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] ka letshwao la ACCESS. Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le masome a mararo le bongwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe , Access Bank Group e ne e na le madi a a fetang US$28 billion. <ref>Access Bank Group (18 March 2022). [https://www.accessbankplc.com/AccessBankGroup/media/Investors/Quarterly-Reports-2022/2021-FY-Full-Financial-Statement.pdf "2021 Financial Year - Full Financial Statement For Year Ending 31 December 2021"] (PDF). ''Access Bank Group''. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 13 May 2022.</ref> == Ditso == Go tlhomiwa ga ABC Holdings Limited go simolotse ka go kopanngwa ga First Merchant Bank (FMB) le Heritage Investment Bank (HIB) ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa .<ref>ABC Holdings Limited (14 December 2014). [http://www.bancabc.com/documents/Comp_Profile_2013.pdf "ABC Holdings Limited - Company Profile"] (PDF). ''ABC Holdings Limited''. Retrieved 14 December 2014.</ref> ABC Holdings Limited e ne ya kwadisiwa le go kwadisetswa mo Botswana Stock Exchange, ka kwadisetso ya bobedi mo [[Zimbabwe Stock Exchange]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi. Komiti e e netefatsang ya Botswana International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) e ne ya neela maemo a IFSC go ABC Holdings Limited le African Banking Corporation (International) Limited, e e leng setlamo sa 100% sa ABC Holdings Limited. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe banka e ne ya fetola leina la yone go nna BancABC.<ref>[http://www.rbz.co.zw/operations/abc.asp "Profile & History of BancABC"]. ''[[:en:Reserve_Bank_of_Zimbabwe|Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe]]''. Harare, Zimbabwe. 2007. Retrieved 12 December 2014.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mararo le bongwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , Atlas Mara Co-Nvest Limited e ne ya itsise gore e batla go reka ABC Holdings Limited. Atlas Mara e dirile ditumalano tse di tlhamaletseng le beng ba dišere ba ba leng teng go reka diperesente di le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi tsa setlhopha mme morago ga moo ya dira tshitshinyo e e pateletsang ya go reka diperesente tse di setseng di le lesome le bobedi tsa dišere mo BancABC. <ref>Renee Bonorchis, Mbongeni Mguni and Godfrey Marawanyika (1 April 2014). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-01/bob-diamond-s-atlas-mara-to-buy-bancabc-in-first-africa-purchase.html "Bob Diamond's Atlas Mara Buys Bank In First Africa Purchase".] [[:en:Bloomberg_News|''Bloomberg News''.]] Retrieved 12 December 2014.</ref>Tumalano eno ya go reka e ne e lekanyeditswe ka madi a a ka nnang dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a marataro le botlhano tsa didolara tsa Amerika. Thekiso e ne ya konelwa ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone mme setoko sa ABC Holdings Limited se ne sa ntshiwa mo BSE le ZSE.<ref>[http://otp.investis.com/clients/uk/atlas_mara/rns/regulatory-story.aspx?cid=744&newsid=459657 Atlas Mara - Issue of Shares And Total Voting Rights".] ''[[:en:Atlas_Mara_Co-Nvest_Limited|Atlas Mara Co-Nvest Limited]]''. 28 November 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014.</ref>Banka e ne ya rekwa ke Access Bank Group ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Boikarabelo == Dikabelo tsa Access Bank Botswana di kwadisitswe kwa Botswana Stock Exchange, koo di rekisiwang ka letshwao la ACCESS. Tafole e e fa tlase e bontsha go nna le seabe mo setokong sa Access Bank Botswana, go tloga ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe .<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == t3q1gwizjd1uquizy5sk6ua4yz7587g 0 14508 52753 2026-07-19T08:34:51Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letshego 52753 wikitext text/x-wiki Letshego Holdings Limited ke kompone e e tshwarang madi e e nang le ntlokgolo kwa [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]] mme e kwadilwe mo [[Botswana Stock Exchange]] (BSE).<ref>Keabetswe, Newel (21 April 2016). [http://www.businessweekly.co.bw/letshego-leads-bse-liquidity-in-2016-q1/ "Letshego leads BSE liquidity in 2016 Q1"]. ''Botswana Business Weekly''. Gaborone. Retrieved 14 August 2016.</ref>Letshego ke lefoko la [[Setswana]] le le kayang  "Tshegetso ". <ref>LHL (26 July 2016)[http://www.letshego.com/letshego-looks-back-last-18-years . "Letshego Looks Back at the Last 18 years".] Gaborone: Letshego Holdings Limited (LHL). Retrieved 14 August 2016.</ref> == Kakaretso == Letshego Holdings Limited ke mokgatlho wa matlole o o tsenyeletsang batho botlhe mo Aforika o o nang le boteng mo mafatsheng a le lesome le bongwe le ngwao e e tsereng dingwaga tse di fetang masome a mabedi le botlhano, e e bulang dikgoro tsa yone ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi kwa Gaborone, Botswana. Go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi , tlhotlhwa ya mmaraka wa Setlhopha e ne e feta USD 1 Bilione, ka go dira jalo e le setlamo se se kwadisitsweng sa selegae se segolo mo BSE BSE. <ref name=":0">Letshego Holdings Limited (June 2023). [https://www.letshego.com/sites/default/files/financial-results/LETSHEGO-HOLDINGS-LIMITED-INTEGRATED%20ANNUAL-REPORT-2022%20Final_0.pdf "Letshego Holdings Limited: 2023 Integrated Annual Report and Financial Statements"] (PDF). Gaborone: Letshego Holdings Limited. Retrieved 15 June 2023.</ref>Maikaelelo a Letshego ke go "tokafatsa matshelo" ka go oketsa phitlhelelo ya ditharabololo tse di bonolo le tse di tlhwatlhwa-tlase tsa madi, mme ga jaana e tshegetsa badirisi ba ba fetang dimilione di le 6,6 go ralala Afrika. Letshego e na le badiri ba ba fetang dikete tse tharo, go akaretsa le baemedi ba thekiso e e tlhamaletseng. Ka jalo, go ya ka Molao wa Tsamaiso ya Ditshwanelo tsa Setšhaba, go ne go tshwanetse ga tlhomiwa molao o o neng o tla laola gore go dirisiwe madi a a kana kang go duelela ditshenyegelo tsa ditirelo. E ne e na le madi a a kana ka USD1,352 billion, mme madi a a neng a le mo seatleng sa beng ba di-shareholder a ne a le boleng jwa BWP5,658 billion (approx. USD:452.65 million).<ref name=":0" /> == Ditso == Letshego Holdings Limited e ne ya tlhomiwa ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e tlhola gane,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobed jaaka Micro Provident Botswana Limited e leng setheo sa madi a mannye se tiro ya sona e neng e le go tlamela ka dikadimo tse di sa sirelediwang go bareki, ba ba neng ba na le tiro ya nako e e tletseng. <ref name=":1">LHL (26 July 2016). [http://www.letshego.com/letshego-looks-back-last-18-years "Letshego Looks Back at the Last 18 years".] Gaborone: Letshego Holdings Limited (LHL). Retrieved 14 August 2016.</ref> Kompone e ne ya tsenngwa mo BSE ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi ka IPO e e atlegileng. Madi a go tswa mo IPO e a dirisitswe go atolosa setlhopha mo kgaolong.<ref name=":1" /> Magareng ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano le dikete tse pedi le bosupa , setlhopha se ne sa atologa go ya kwa [[Uganda]], [[Eswatini|Eswatini,]] [[Tanzania]] le [[Zambia]]. Tsotlhe tseno di ne di dirwa ka go dira dipeeletso mo mafastheng ano. Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi, setlhopha se ne sa dira phitlhelelo ya sone ya ntlha ya boditšhabatšhaba fa se ne se reka karolo e ntsi ya Eduloan, MFI kwa [[Namibia]]. Mo go one ngwaga oo, kompone ne ya tsaya letshwao la Letshego jaaka leina la yone la semmuso. Kgato ya katoloso e tsweletse go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe ka go tlhomiwa ga setheo sa kwa [[Mozambique]]. <ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe , setlhopha se simolotse ditiro tsa sona kwa Lesotho. Mo go one ngwaga oo, setlhopha se ne sa itsise maikaelelo a sone a go reka karolo ya 62.52% mo Micro Africa Limited, MFI ya kwa Kenya e e nang le ditheo tsa kwa Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda le South Sudan. Thekiso eno e ne ya dira gore setlhopha se kgone go tsena mo dmafatsheng a matharo tse disha le go oketsa palo ya bareki ba sone ba kwa Uganda ka ntlha ya go nna teng ga sone koo. Go rekwa gono go ne ga wediwa ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e rongwa ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi. Seno se ne sa dira gore setlhopha seno se nne teng mo mafatsheng a le lesome le bongwe . Letshego Holdings e ne ya tsaya taolo e e feletseng ya Micro Africa Limited ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro .<ref name=":1" /> Go ya ka lekwalo la semolao la Lekgotla la Ditlamo tsa Ditlamo tsa Ditlamo tsa Ditlamo tsa Ditlamo tsa Ditlamo tsa Ditlamo tsa Ditlamo tsa Ditlamo tsa Ditlamo tsa Ditlamo tsa Ditlamo tsa Ditlamo. Ka go tswa kwa Zambia, setlhopha se ne sa tswelela go nna teng kwa mafatsheng a le lesome.<ref name=":1" />Ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, Letshego Holdings Limited e phethetse theko ya 100% ya kabelo ho FBN Microfinance Bank of Nigeria. <ref>Nahimah Ajikanle Nurudeen (29 January 2016). "Nigeria: Letshego Acquires FBN Microfinance Bank". ''Nigeria Daily Trust via AllAfrica.com''. Abuja. Retrieved 14 August 2016.</ref> == Boikarabelo == Dikabelo tsa Letshego Holdings Limited di rekisiwa kwa Botswana Stock Exchange, ka fa tlase ga letshwao: LETSHEGO. Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe , go nna le seabe mo setokong sa setlhopha e ne e le jaaka go bontshitswe mo tafoleng e e fa tlase: == Metswedi == bp487hr7gtkz67n4m20u63zq3uikzi3