Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Basarwa 0 2280 53420 52899 2026-07-28T01:14:03Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53420 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:San_peoples|Basarwa]]''' [[:en:San_peoples|- Wikipedia]] {{Infobox Ethnic group|group=basarwa|image=[[File:Namibian Bushmen Girls.JPG|frameless|upright=1.5]]|image_caption=[[ǃKung people|ǃKung]] children in [[Namibia]]|related_groups=[[Khoekhoe]], [[Griqua people|Griqua]], [[Basters]], [[Coloureds]]|religions=[[San religion]], [[Christianity in Africa|Christianity]]|languages='''Native'''<br/>Languages of the [[Khoe languages|Khoe]], [[Kxʼa languages|Kxʼa]], and [[Tuu languages|Tuu]] families <br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Tswana language|Tswana]]{{•}} [[Kgalagadi language|Kgalagadi]]{{•}} [[Afrikaans]]{{•}} [[English language|English]]{{•}}[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]|pop50=1,200|region50={{flag|Zimbabwe}}|pop40=ca. 16,000|region40={{flag|Angola}}|pop30=ca. 7,000|region30={{flag|South Africa}}|pop20=63,500|region20={{flag|Botswana}}|pop11=71,201 (2023 census)<ref name="Census2023"/>|region11={{flag|Namibia}}|population=ca. 160,000}} Batho ba letso la masarwa, kgotsa Batho ba ko sekgweng, ke maloko a ditso dipe tsa tlholego tsa batsomi-baphuthi ba Aforika e e kwa borwa, le ditso tsa bogologolo tse di setseng tsa kgaolo.<ref>"[https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/foragers-first-peoples-kalahari-san-today Foragers to First Peoples: The Kalahari San Today | Cultural Survival]". ''www.culturalsurvival.org''. 28 April 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2024.</ref>[a] Ditlhaloso dingwe tsa tshekatsheko ya dijini di akantsha gore ba ne ba farologana le batho ba bangwe go tloga ka dingwaga di le 100 go ya go 220,000 tse di fetileng.<ref /> Dikgaolo tsa bone tsa bosheng tsa bagologolwane di akaretsa [[Botswana]], [[Namibia]], [[Angola]], [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Lesotho]],[3] le [[Aforika Borwa]]. Ba-Sarwa ba bua, kgotsa bagologolwane ba bone ba ne ba bua, dipuo tsa malapa a dipuo tsa [[:en:Khoe_languages|Khoe]], [[:en:Tuu_languages|Tuu]], le [[:en:Kxʼa_languages|Kxʼa]], mme di ka tlhalosiwa jaaka batho fela ka go farologana le badisa ba ba bapileng jaaka Ba-[[:en:Khoekhoe|Khoekhoe]] le ditlogolwana tsa makhubu a bosheng a bofaladi jaaka [[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ba-Bantu]], [[:en:Europeans|Bayuropa]], le [[:en:Indian_subcontinent|Ba-Asia Borwa.]] Ka ngwaga wa 2017, lefatshe la Botswana e ne e le legae la Basarwa ba ka nna dikete tse masome a marataro le boraro le makgolo a a matlhano, mme se sa dira gore e nne lefatshe le le nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya Basarwa ka karolo ya bobedi ntlha ya borobabobedi mo lekgolong.<ref>Hitchcock, Robert K.; Sapignoli, Maria (8 May 2019). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335022800 The economic wellbeing of the San of the western, central and eastern Kalahari regions of Botswana"]. In Fleming, Christopher; Manning, Matthew (eds.). ''Routledge Handbook of Indigenous Wellbeing'' (1st&#x20;ed.). [[:en:Routledge|Routledge]]. pp.&#x20;170–183. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781138909175|9781138909175]]</bdi> &#x2013; via [[:en:ResearchGate|ResearchGate.]]</ref>Batho ba Basarwa ba le dikete di le masome a supa le bongwe le makgolo mabedi le bongwe ba ne ba balelwa kwa lefatshe la Namibia ka ngwaga wa 2023, mme se se dira gore e nne lefatshe le le nang le karolo ya bobedi e e kwa godimo ya batho ba ba Basarwa ka karolo ya bobedi ntlha nne mo lekgolong<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20241110234059/https://census.nsanamibia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2023-Population-and-Housing-Census-Main-Report-28-Oct-2024.pdf Namibia 2023 Population and Housing Census Main Report]" (PDF). Namibia Statistics Agency. Archived from [https://census.nsanamibia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2023-Population-and-Housing-Census-Main-Report-28-Oct-2024.pdf the original] (PDF) on 10 November 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2024.</ref> Basarwa ke lereo la Khoekhoe le le nyatsang le le neng la amogelwa ke baithuta-loago ba Bophirima; baemedi ba merafe ya basarwa ba boletse gore ba rata go bidiwa merafe ya bone ka go farologana ka ngwaga wa 2003. == Tlhaloso == [[Setshwantsho:KhoisanLanguagesModernDistribution.png|thumb|Setshwantso sa kabo ya segompieno ya dipuo tsa "Khoisan". Dikgaolo tse di nang le moriti wa botala jwa loapi le botala, mme tse di kwa botlhaba jwa tsone, ke tsa batho ba Basarwa.]] Basarwa kgotsa Ba-Bushmen ke batho ba borwa jwa Afrika ba ka setso ba neng ba tshela botshelo jwa [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|go tsoma]] [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|le go kokoanya]] mme ba ne ba bua dipuo tse e seng tsa Bantu ka [[:en:Click_consonants|ditumammogo tsa click]] (ka jalo go sa akarediwe Ba-Twa, Ba-Kwisi le Ba-Cimba, mme gape le Ba-Kwadi le Ba-Damara). Ba ba akaretsa babui ba malapa a le mararo a a farologaneng a dipuo ba ba nnang fa gare ga [[:en:Okavango_River|Noka ya Okavango]] kwa lefatsheng la Botswana le lefelo la [[:en:Etosha_National_Park|Bosetšhaba ya Etosha]] kwa bokonebophirima jwa lefatshe la Namibia, e e atologelang kwa godimo go ya kwa borwa jwa lefatshe la Angola; batho ba bogare ba bontsi jwa mafatshe a Namibia le Botswana, go atologela kwa mafatsheng a Zambia le [[:en:Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]; le batho ba borwa kwa bogareng jwa Kalahari go ya kwa [[:en:Molopo_River|Nokeng ya Molopo]], ba mmogo le Khoekhoe e leng masalela a bofelo a batho ba tlholego ba ba neng ba le bantsi pele ba borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":1">Barnard, Alan (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=e3MihaaJ314C Anthropology and the Bushman]''. Oxford: Berg. pp.&#x20;4–7. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781847883308|9781847883308]]</bdi>.</ref> == Maina == Maina a "Bushmen" le "San" ka bobedi ke mafoko a a farologaneng. Basarwa ga ba na lefoko le le kopanetsweng la bona ka dipuo tsa bona. "San" e tswa mo lefokong le le nyatsang la [[:en:Khoekhoe|Khoekhoe]] le le dirisiwang go kaya batho ba ba batlang dijo ba ba senang dikgomo kgotsa khumo e nngwe, go tswa mo moding saa "go tsaya mo mmung" le bontsi -n mo [[:en:Haiǁom_dialect|puong ya Haiǁom]].[<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140318092420/http://evan.oribi.cc:50080/index.php?option=com_rokdownloads&view=file&task=download&id=19%3Awimsa-annual-report-04-05&Itemid=79 WIMSA Annual Report 2004-05]". WIMSA. p.&#x20;58. Archived from [http://evan.oribi.cc:50080/index.php?option=com_rokdownloads&view=file&task=download&id=19%3Awimsa-annual-report-04-05&Itemid=79 the original] on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014. <q>the term 'San' comes from the Haiǁom language and has been abbreviated in the following way ... Saa – Picking things up (food) from the ground (i.e. 'gathering'), Saab – A male person gathering, Saas – A female person gathering, Saan – Many people gathering, San – One way to write 'all of the people gathering'</q></ref><ref>"The old Dutch also did not know that their so-called Hottentots formed only one branch of a wide-spread race, of which the other branch divided into ever so many tribes, differing from each other totally in language [...] While the so-called Hottentots called themselves Khoikhoi (men of men, ''i.e.'' men ''par excellence''), they called those other tribes ''Sā'', the Sonqua of the Cape Records [...] We should apply the term ''Hottentot'' to the whole race, and call the two families, each by the native name, that is the one, the ''Khoikhoi'', the so-called ''Hottentot proper''; the other the ''San'' (''Sā'') or ''Bushmen''." – Theophilus Hahn, ''Tsuni-ǁGoam: The Supreme Being to the Khoi-Khoi'' (1881), p. 3.</ref> "Bushmen" ke lereo la bogologolo la khabara, fela "San" e ne ya amogelwa thata kwa Bophirima kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990. Lereo Bushmen, go tswa mo Dutch Bosjesmans ya ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le bosupa, le santse le dirisiwa ke ba bangwe le go itshupa, fela jaanong le tsewa e le le nyatsang kgotsa le nyatsa ke Maaforika Borwa a le mantsi.<ref>Guenther, Mathias (2006). "Contemporary Bushman Art, Identity Politics, and the Primitivism Discourse". In Solway, Jacqueline (ed.). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ovykFTcuPLMC The Politics of Egalitarianism: Theory and Practice]''. New York: [[:en:Berghahn_Books|Berghahn Books]]. pp.&#x20;181–182. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781845451158|9781845451158]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Britten, Sarah (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=vARidvH3b18C ''McBride of Frankenmanto: The Return of the South African Insult''.] Johannesburg: 30° South. pp.&#x20;18–19. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781920143183|9781920143183]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Adhikari, Mohamed (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qLw8KzRbRdQC Not White Enough, Not Black Enough: Racial Identity in the South African Coloured Community]''. Ohio University Press. p.&#x20;28. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781920143183|9780896804425]]</bdi>.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2008, tiriso ya boesman (se e leng se [[:en:Afrikaans|Afrikaans]] sa segompieno se se lekanang le "Bushman") mo pampiring ya dikgang ya [[:en:Die_Burger|''Die Burger'']] e ne ya tlisiwa fa pele ga [[:en:Promotion_of_Equality_and_Prevention_of_Unfair_Discrimination_Act,_2000|Kgotlatshekelo ya Tekatekano]]. Lekgotla la Basarwa le ne la neela bosupi jwa gore ga le na kganetso le tiriso ya yone mo maemong a a siameng, mme kgotlatshekelo e ne ya atlhola gore tiriso ya lereo le e ne e se ya lenyatso.<ref>[http://mg.co.za/article/2008-04-11-use-of-the-word-boesman-not-hate-speech-court-finds "Use of the word 'boesman' not hate speech, court finds]". [[:en:Mail_&_Guardian|Mail & Guardian]]. 11 April 2008. Schroeder, Fatima (14 April 2008). [http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/court-use-of-boesman-not-hate-speech-1.396406#.UtJP9NIW2yg "Court: Use of 'boesman' not hate speech"]. IOL."Objectively speaking and taking into account the context in which (Die Burger) published the word 'boesman' and the evidence of the San Council witness, I find that the usage of the word did not cause harm, hostility or hatred. Instead, the San Council's representative was adamant that no hurt or harm was caused to them or the San community with the manner in which (Die Burger) published the word 'boesman'."</ref> Basarwa ba ipitsa merafe ya bona ka bongwe, jaaka [[:en:ǃKung_people|ǃkung]] (e gape e kwalwang ''ǃxuun'', go akaretsa le [[:en:Juǀʼhoansi|Juǀʼhoansi]]), [[:en:ǀXam_language|ǀxam]], [[:en:Nǁng_language|Nǁnǂe]] (karolo ya ǂKhomani), [[:en:Khwe_language|Kxoe]] (Khwe le ǁAni), [[:en:Haiǁom|Haiǁom]], [[:en:Ncoakhoe|Ncoakhoe]], [[:en:Tshwa_language|Tshuwau]], [[:en:Gǁana_language|Gǁana le Gǁwau]], jalo jalo.<ref>Lee, Richard B. and Daly, Richard Heywood (1999) ''The Cambridge Encyclopedia of -Hunters and Gatherers'', Cambridge University Press, [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/052157109X|052157109X]]</bdi></ref><ref>Smith, Andrew Brown (2000). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2YnZU4NCv3IC The Bushmen of Southern Africa: A Foraging Society in Transition]''. Cape Town: New Africa Books. p.&#x20;2. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780864864192|9780864864192]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Ouzman, Sven (2004). "Silencing and Sharing Southern Africa Indigenous and Embedded Knowledge". In Smith, Claire; Wobst, H. Martin (eds.). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=MylyVq_dMoIC Indigenous Archaeologies: Decolonizing Theory and Practice]''. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p.&#x20;209. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781134391554|9781134391554]]</bdi>.</ref><ref name=":2">"[http://mg.co.za/article/2007-09-05-san-bushmen-or-basarwa-whats-in-a-name San, Bushmen or Basarwa: What's in a name]?". ''[[:en:Mail_&_Guardian|Mail & Guardian]]''. 5 September 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120117025938/http://mg.co.za/article/2007-09-05-san-bushmen-or-basarwa-whats-in-a-name Archived] from the original on 17 January 2012.</ref><ref>Coan, Stephen (28 July 2010). "[http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=44782 The first people]". ''The Witness''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014184714/http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=44782 Archived] from the original on 14 October 2013.</ref> Baemedi ba batho ba ba basarwa ka ngwaga wa 2003 ba boletse gore ba rata tiriso ya maina a setlhopha ka bongwe, fa go kgonega, go na le tiriso ya lereo le le kopanetsweng la ''Basarwa''.<ref>Statement by delegates of the Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa (WIMSA) and the South African San Institute attending the 2003 Africa Human Genome Initiative conference held in Stellenbosch. Schlebusch, Carina (25 March 2010). "[[doi:10.1038/464487a|Issues raised by use of ethnic-group names in genome study]]". ''[[:en:Nature_(journal)|Nature]]''. '''464''' (7288): 487. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Natur.464..487S 2010Natur.464..487S]. doi:[[doi:10.1038/464487a|10.1038/464487a]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20336115 20336115] </ref> Go amogelwa ga lereo la Khoekhoe la ''Basarwa'' mo thutong ya setho ya Bophirima go simolotse ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970, mme le le sa ntse le le lereo le le tlwaelesegileng mo dikwalong tsa setso tsa puo ya Seesemane, le fa moragonyana bakwadi bangwe ba ne ba boela kwa go diriseng leina la Bushmen.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Sailer, Steve (20 June 2002). "[http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2002/06/20/Feature-Name-game-Inuit-or-Eskimo/UPI-43191024597290/ Feature: Name game – 'Inuit' or 'Eskimo]'?". UPI. "The fashion of renaming the Bushmen of Southwestern Africa as the 'San' exemplifies many of the problems with the name game. University of Utah anthropologist [[:en:Henry_Harpending|Henry Harpending]], who has lived with the famous tongue-clicking hunter-gatherers said, 'In the 1970s the name "San" spread in Europe and America because it seemed to be politically correct, while 'Bushmen' sounded derogatory and sexist.' Unfortunately, the hunter-gatherers never actually had a collective name for themselves in any of their own languages. 'San' was actually the insulting word that the herding Khoi people called the Bushmen. [...] Harpending noted, 'The problem was that in the Kalahari, "San" has all the baggage that the "N-word" has in America. Bushmen kids are graduating from school, reading the academic literature, and are outraged that we call them "San." [...] one did not call someone a San to his face. I continued to use Bushman, and I was publicly corrected several times by the righteous. It quickly became a badge among Western academics: If you say "San" and I say "San," then we signal each other that we are on the fashionable side, politically. It had nothing to do with respect. I think most politically correct talk follows these dynamics.'"</ref> Motswako wa batho ba [[:en:Khoisan|''Khoisan'']] o dirisiwa go kaya Khoi ya modisa le San e e batlang dijo mmogo. E tlhamilwe ke Leonhard Schulze ka dingwaga tsa bo 1920 mme ya tumisiwa ke [[:en:Isaac_Schapera|Isaac Schapera]] ka ngwaga wa 1930. Tiriso ya San mo thutong ya setho e ne ya kgaoganngwa le motswako wa ''Khoisan'',<ref>"Schapera is the author of the convenient term Khoisan, compounded of the Hottentot's name for themselves (Khoi) and their name for the Bushmen (San)." [[:en:Joseph_Greenberg|Joseph Greenberg]], ''[[:en:The_Languages_of_Africa|The Languages of Africa]]'' (1963), p. 66.</ref> ka gonne go begilwe gore leina la ''San'' le tsewa jaaka go nyatsa mo dikarolong tsa Kalahari bogare<ref>Mountain, Alan (2003). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nR2d1iJo6_UC First People of the Cape]''. Claremont: New Africa Books. pp.&#x20;23–24. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780864866233|9780864866233]]</bdi>.</ref>. Kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990, lereo ''San'' le ne le dirisiwa ka kakaretso ke batho ba teng ka bobone.<ref>Lee, Richard B. (2012). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kRAKAAAAQBAJ The Dobe Ju/'Hoansi]'' (Fourth&#x20;ed.). [[:en:Cengage_Learning|Cengage Learning]]. p.&#x20;9. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781133713531|9781133713531]]</bdi>.</ref> Go amogelwa ga lereo go ne ga etelwa pele ke dikopano di le mmalwa tse di neng di tshwerwe ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990 kwa baemedi ba ba neng ba ngangisana ka go amogelwa ga lereo le le kopanetsweng.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20151003084749/http://www.khwattu.org/engage/general-questions/?id=43 General Questions]". ''ǃKhwa ttu – San Education and Culture Centre''. Retrieved 12 January 2014.</ref><ref>Dieckmann, Ute (2007). "Shifting Identities". ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=7ePQlF_x4vYC Haiom in the Etosha region: A History of Colonial Settlement, Ethnicity and Nature Conservation]''. Basel: Basler Afrika Bibliographien. pp.&#x20;300–302. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9783905758009|9783905758009]]</bdi>.</ref> Dikopano tse di ne di akaretsa Bokopano jwa Phitlhelelo e e Tlwaelegileng ya Tlhabololo e e neng e rulagantswe ke [[:en:Politics_of_Botswana|Puso ya lefatshe la Botswana]] e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa toropong ya [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] ka ngwaga wa 1993,<ref name=":2" /> Kopano ya kakaretso ya ntlha ya Ngwaga le Ngwaga ya Setlhopha sa Tiro sa Batho ba ba Tlholegileng mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WIMSA) e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa lefatsheng la Namibia le bokopano jwa ngwaga wa 1997 kwa toropong ya [[:en:Cape_Town|Cape Town]] e bua ka. "Boitshupo jwa Khoisan le Boswa jwa Setso" jo bo rulagantsweng ke [[:en:University_of_the_Western_Cape|Mmadikolo wa Western Cape]].<ref>Hitchcock, Robert K.; Biesele, Megan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200802215202/http://www.khoisanpeoples.org/indepth/ind-identity.htm "San, Khwe, Basarwa, or Bushmen? Terminology, Identity, and Empowerment in Southern Africa"]. ''Kalahari Peoples Fund''. Archived from [http://www.khoisanpeoples.org/indepth/ind-identity.htm the original] on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2014.</ref> Lereo ''San'' jaanong ke tlwaelo mo lefatsheng la Aforikaborwa, mme le dirisiwa semmuso mo blazon ya [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa|sekano sa bosetšhaba]]. "Lekgotla la Ba-San la lefatshe la Aforikaborwa" le le emetseng merafe ya Basarwa mo lefatsheng la Aforikaborwa le tlhomilwe jaaka karolo ya WIMSA ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref name=":16">Marshall, Leon (16 April 2003). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030418003427/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0416_030416_san1.html Africa's Bushmen May Get Rich From Diet-Drug Secret]". ''National Geographic News''. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0416_030416_san1.html the original] on 18 April 2003.</ref><ref name=":4">[[:en:Rachel_Wynberg|Wynberg, Rachel]]; Chennells, Roger (2009). "Green Diamonds of the South: An Overview of the San-Hoodia Case". ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1yrvafKoV2UC Indigenous Peoples, Consent and Benefit Sharing Lessons from the San-Hoodia case]''. Dordrecht: Springer. p.&#x20;102. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789048131235|9789048131235]]</bdi>.</ref> Lereo ''Basarwa'' (bongwe Mosarwa) le dirisediwa ke basarwa mmogo mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref>Suzman, James (2001). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20260422044901/https://www.lac.org.na/projects/lead/Pdf/sanintro.pdf Regional Assessment of the Status of the San in Southern Africa]'' (PDF). Windhoek: Legal Assistance Centre. pp.&#x20;3–4. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/99916-765-3-8|<bdi>99916-765-3-8</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>Marshall, Leon (16 April 2003). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030418002510/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0416_030416_san2.html Bushmen Driven From Ancestral Lands in Botswana"]. ''National Geographic News''. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0416_030416_san2.html the original] on 18 April 2003.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20060409191312/http://www.gov.bw/basarwa/background.html Basarwa Relocation – Introduction]". Government of Botswana. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/basarwa/background.html the original] on 9 April 2006.</ref> Ditlhongwa tsa [[:en:Tswana_language#Nouns|setlhopha sa]] [[:en:Tswana_language#Nouns|leina]] sa mo-/ba- di dirisiwa mo bathong; mofuta wa bogologolo wa ''Masarwa'', o o nang le ditlhongwa tsa ''le-/ma-'' tse di dirisiwang mo bathong le mo diphologolong tse di sa itsegeng, o a kgopisa mme o ne wa fetolwa ka nako ya boipuso.[<ref name=":3">Hitchcock, Robert K.; Biesele, Megan. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20200802215202/http://www.khoisanpeoples.org/indepth/ind-identity.htm San, Khwe, Basarwa, or Bushmen? Terminology, Identity, and Empowerment in Southern Africa]". ''Kalahari Peoples Fund''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20200802215202/http://www.khoisanpeoples.org/indepth/ind-identity.htm the original] on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2014.</ref><ref>Bennett, Bruce. "[http://www.thuto.org/ubh/bw/plnam.htm Botswana historical place names and terminology]". ''Thuto.org''. [[:en:University_of_Botswana|University of Botswana]] History Department. Retrieved 12 January 2014.</ref> Kwa lefatsheng la Angola, ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwa ''mucancalas'',<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20250122184842/http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/140/1403765149.pdf ZOONIMIA HISTÓRICO-COMPARATIVA BANTU: Os Cinco Grandes Herbívoros Africanos]'' (PDF) (in Portuguese), Utrecht, Netherlands: Rhino Resource Center, 2013, retrieved 19 February 2016</ref> kgotsa ''bosquímanos'' (phetolelo ya [[:en:Portuguese_language|Sepotokisi]] ya lereo la [[:en:Dutch_language|Sedatšhe]] le le kayang "Ba-Bushmen"). Mareo ''Amasili'' le [[:en:Twa|Batwa]] ka dinako tse dingwe a dirisiwa mo go bone kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe.<ref name=":3" /> Basarwa gape ba bidiwa ''Batwa'' ke [[:en:Xhosa_people|batho ba]] [[:en:Xhosa_people|ba Xhosa]] le ''Baroa'' ke [[:en:Sotho_people|batho ba Sotho]].<ref>Moran, Shane (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mz1sSYP4g7MC Representing Bushmen: South Africa and the Origin of Language]''. Rochester, NY: [[:en:University_of_Rochester_Press|University of Rochester Press]]. p.&#x20;3. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781580462945|9781580462945]]</bdi>.</ref> Lereo la Bantu Batwa le kaya batho ba merafe epe fela e e batlang dijo mme ka jalo le kopana le mareo a a dirisiwang go "[[:en:Pygmyism|Pygmoid]]" [[:en:Southern_Twa|Twa ya Borwa]] ya Aforika Borwa-Bogare. == Ditso == === Ditlholego === Le fa go na le kganetsano nngwe mo gare ga bo ra maranyane ba loago, go na le tumalano ka kakaretso mo go boleleng gore merafe ya segompieno e e tlhalosiwang jaaka Basarwa e tswa mo merafeng ya bogologolo ya Neolithic ya borwa le botlhaba jwa Aforika. Dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse lesome tse di fetileng, ditlhopha tse tsa loago di ne tsa anama go tswa kwa mafatsheng a Tanzania, Zambia le Angola go ya kwa tlase kwa Cape Agulhas.<ref name=":5">Mellet, Patric Tariq (2020). ''The lie of 1652: a decolonised history of land'' (First&#x20;ed.). Cape Town, South Africa: Tafelberg, an imprint of NB Publishers. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-624-08970-4|<bdi>978-0-624-08970-4</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":4" /> Ka jalo, Basarwa ba ka tsewa jaaka bangwe ba ditso tsa bogologolo mo Lefatsheng.<ref>Anton, Donald K.; Shelton, Dinah L. (2011). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=F_dFYq4oFeYC&q=san+kalahari Environmental Protection and Human Rights]''. [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press]]. p.&#x20;640. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76638-8|<bdi>978-0-521-76638-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Batho ba ba amanang le kgotsa ba ba tshwanang le Basarwa ba ne ba nna mo mabopong a a kwa borwa go ralala naga yotlhe ya ditlhatshana ya botlhaba mme ba ka tswa ba bopile tsweletso ya [[:en:Sangoan|Sangoan]] go tswa kwa [[:en:Red_Sea|Lewatleng le Lehibidu]] go ya kwa [[:en:Cape_of_Good_Hope|Kapa ya Tsholofelo e e Molemo]].<ref>Smith, Malvern van Wyk (1 July 2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=wDZjDwAAQBAJ&q=Boskopoid The First Ethiopians: The image of Africa and Africans in the early Mediterranean world]''. [[:en:NYU_Press|NYU Press]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-86814-834-9|<bdi>978-1-86814-834-9</bdi>.]]</ref> Mo mileniamong wa ntlha B.C.E., Mellet o umaka ditlhopha tse pedi tse di neng di laola kwa Borwa jwa Afrika. Ya ntlha e ne e le Ba-Tshua San, ba ba neng ba aname go kgabaganya se ga jaana e leng mafatshe a Botswana, Zimbabwe le Zambia, mme ka togamaano ba ne ba nna mo lefelong la [[:en:Shashe_River|Shashe]]-[[:en:Limpopo_River|Limpopo]]. Setlhopha sa bobedi, se se neng se le kwa Bophirima o ko pele, e ne e le Ba-Khwe San, ba kgaolo ya bone e neng e akaretsa lefatshe la Botswana wa gompieno, lefatshe la Namibia,lefatshe la Angola le lefatshe la Zambia.<ref name=":5" /> Go nna teng ga Basarwa mo lefatshen la Botswana mo ditsong go bonala thata mo kgaolong ya Lentswe la Tsodilo kwa bokone jwa lefatshe la Botswana. Ditlhopha tse pedi di ne tsa dirisana le merafe e mengwe e e neng e nna mo lefelong leno mo diphudugong tsa bona tsa go fuduga go ya kwa borwa, go akaretsa ditlhopha dingwe tsa badisa ba bafaladi, ba moragonyana ba neng ba fetoga go nna Khoekhoe, gammogo le badisa-balemirui ka nako ya [[:en:Bantu_expansion|katoloso ya Bantu]] ngwaga wa dikete di le pedi Pele ga Baebele go fitlha ngwaga wa sekete se le sengwe Morago ga Baebele. Mo thulaganyong e, Basarwa ba ne ba lelekwa ka bontlhabongwe mo mafatsheng a bone a bagologolwane kgotsa ba akarediwa ke ditlhopha tse di buang Se-Bantu.<ref name=":6">Mlambo, A. S. (2014). ''[https://archive.org/details/historyofzimbabw0000mlam/mode/2up?view=theater A history of Zimbabwe]''. Internet Archive. New York, NY : Cambridge University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02170-9|<bdi>978-1-107-02170-9</bdi>.]]</ref> (go tswa kwa lekwalong la lesome le bongwe go ya kwa lesomeng le bobedi) Basarwa ba ne ba dumelwa fa ba na le kgolagano e e gaufi le meya ya bogologolo ya naga, mme gantsi ba ne ba retologela kwa go bona ke merafe e mengwe go dira pula, jaaka go ne go ntse kwa [[:en:Mapungubwe|Mapungubwe]]. [[:en:Shamanism|Dingaka]] tsa Basarwa di ne di tla tsena mo maibing mme di tsene mo lefatsheng la mewa ka botsone go tshwara diphologolo tse di amanang le pula.<ref>Chirikure, Shadreck; Delius, Peter; Esterhuysen, Amanda; Hall, Simon; Lekgoathi, Sekibakiba; Maulaudzi, Maanda; Neluvhalani, Vele; Ntsoane, Otsile; Pearce, David (1 October 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ&dq=kingdom+of+mapungubwe&pg=PT6 ''Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State''.] Real African Publishers Pty Ltd. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-920655-06-8|<bdi>978-1-920655-06-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Ka jalo, Mellet o bolela gore Basarwa ba ka bo ba nnile le seabe mo metheong ya ntlha ya [[:en:Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe|Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe]] le go tsalwa morago ga moo ga mafatshe a [[:en:Thulamela|Thulamela]], [[:en:Great_Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe o]] [[:en:Great_Zimbabwe|mogolo]], [[:en:Mutapa_Empire|Mmusomogolo wa Mutapa]] le tse dingwe.<ref name=":5" />: (go tswa mo lekwalong la masome a mtlhano le bobedi go ya kwa lekwalong la masome a matlhano le bone) === Dinako tsa pele ga bokoloniale === [[Setshwantsho:Bushmen Hottentots armed for an expedition.png|thumb|Banna ba Sekgwa ba ba neng ba tlhometse go ya go tsaya loeto, ka ngwga wa 1804]] Ka ntlha ya mokgwa wa bone wa go itshidisa o o ikaegileng thata ka go tsoma le go batla dijo, Basarwa ba ne ba kgona go fuduga le go anama ka bonako go feta ditso tsa badisa kgotsa tsa balemirui, mme go dumelwa fa ba ne ba anama go ya kwa lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa ya gompieno, go akaretsa le lebopo la Borwa, pele ga batho ba [[:en:Khoekhoe_people|Khoe]] le [[:en:Bantu_peoples|Bantu]]. Go a kgonega gore ka dinako tse dingwe ba ne ba disa dinku tse dinnye.<ref name=":5" />:lekwalo la masome a marataro le boraro) Morago ga makgolo a borataro le masome a matlhano morago ga baebele, jaaka fa BaKhoe le BaXhosa ba ne ba fudugela kwa lefelong la [[:en:Eastern_Cape|Eastern Cape]] ya gompieno mme morago ga sekete morago ga baebele, kwa lefelong la [[:en:Western_Cape|Western Cape]], bontsi jwa Basarwa ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa mafelong a mannye a a fa lotshitshing lwa lewatle, ba ne ba fudugela kwa mafelong a mannye fela a a kwa thoko ga lewatle.<ref name=":5" /> (lekwalo la masome a mane le borataro go fitlha lekwalo la masome a mane le bosupa) Ka tlwaelo e ne e le batho le go [[:en:Semi-nomadic|kgarakgatshega mme e seng thata]] , ba tsamaya ka dipaka mo mafelong a a rileng a a tlhalositsweng go ikaegilwe ka go nna teng ga didirisiwa tse di jaaka metsi, diphologolo tsa naga, le dimela tse di jewang.<ref name=":13">Anaya, James (2 June 2010). [http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf Addendum – The situation of indigenous peoples in Botswana] (PDF) (Report). United Nations Human Rights Council. A/HRC/15/37/Add.2.</ref> Basarwa ba ne ba ithulaganya go nna makoko a go tsoma, mme ba ne ba sena dikgotla kgotsa dikgosi, ka ditshwetso di tsewa ke bagolwane.<ref name=":7">Ajayi, Ademola (2005). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=umyHqvAErOAC&q=historiography Iron Age (Later): Southern Africa: Peoples]". In Shillington, Kevin (ed.). ''Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set''. Routledge. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-135-45670-2|<bdi>978-1-135-45670-2</bdi>.]]</ref> Ditšhaba tsa ntlha tsa San di tlogetse boswa jo bo humileng jwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo logageng go ralala Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":6" />:(lekwalo la lesome le le bongwe go ya kwa lekwalong la lesome le bobedi) tse di bontshang go tsoma, dintwa, botshelo jwa selegae, le ditiragalo tsa diinane.<ref name=":7" /> === Go fudusiwa, go kgaphelwa thoko le polao ya semorafe ka nako ya bokoloniale jwa lefatshekgolo le le naleng dikarolo tsa mafatshe la Europe === Mo dingwageng di le lesome tsa ntlha morago ga gore Madatšhe a nne kwa Kapa ya Tsholofelo e e Molemo ka fa tlase ga ga Jan van Riebeeck ka ngwaga wa 1652, bogolo jwa baagi ba Kapa ya Basarwa bo ne bo fopholediwa go nna dikete dile tharo go ya go diketeng dile tlhano,<ref name=":0">Szalay, M. (1995). The San and the Colonization of the Cape, 1770–1879: Conflict, Incorporation, Acculturation. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.</ref>(tsebe ya lekgolo le borobabobedi)<ref name=":9">Adhikari, Mohamed (2014). The Anatomy of a South African Genocide: The Extermination of the Cape San People. Cape Town: UCT Press.</ref> (tsebe ya masome a mabedi le bone): ba ne ba na le kgolagano le bakoloni ba ba amanang le bona ba lefatshekgolo le le naleng dikarolo tsa mafatshe la Europe. Se se ne sa fetoga kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga, fa balemirui ba ne ba simolola go fudugela kwa mafelong a a kwa teng. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1714, fa [[:en:Dutch_East_India_Company|Komopne ya Dutch East India]] (kgotsa VOC) e ne e simolola thulaganyo ya moraka wa kadimo, e e neng e tlamela balemirui ba diruiwa ba ba ratang ka ditshwanelo tsa go fula mo lefatsheng le le sa nonang thata mo bogare jwa Kapa jo bo omileng. Melawana e e ne ya tlhola setlhopha se sešwa sa loago, [[:en:Trekboers|balemi le barui ba maburu ba ba neng ba fuduga]], kgotsa badisa ba ba tsamayang ka bontlhabongwe, ba ba neng ba fuduga le leruo la bona kwa mafelong a go fitlha ga jaana a neng a agilwe ke ditlhopha tsa Basarwa.<ref name=":9" />: ( tsebe ya masome a mabedi le borobabobedi go fitlha kwa tsebeng ya masome a mabedi le borobabongwe) Jaaka fa go nna teng ga balemi le barui ba maburu ba ba neng ba fuduga bao mo lefatsheng le le omileng go ne ga gakatsa maitemogelo a bone a tlholego a a neng a agilwe ke Basarwa, Basarwa ne ba tshela ka go idiwa ditsompelo tsa tlholego tse baneng ba tshela ka tsone (ebong lefatshe, metsi, diphologolo le dimela). Se e ne e le ditlamorago tsa gore balemi le barui ba maburu ba ba neng ba fuduga ba ne ba nna mo dikhuting tsa metsi, ba thuntsha diphologolo tse Basarwa ba neng ba tshela ka tsone go dira digwapa, ba fula go feta selekanyo le go senya ditshedi le dimela le tikologo e di tshelang mo go yone.<ref name=":10">Newton-King, S. (1999). Masters and Servants on the Cape Eastern Frontier, 1760–1803. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref>( tsebe ya masome a borobabongwe go ya kwa lekgolong) <ref name=":11">Penn, S. (2005). The Forgotten Frontier: Colonist and Khoisan on the Cape's Northern Frontier in the 18th Century. Cape Town: Double Storey.</ref>( tsebe ya lesome le borobabobedi go ya kwa makgolong a mabedi le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi) Mo bontsing jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le borobabobedi, go tsenelela ga balemi le barui ba maburu ba ba neng ba fuduga go ne ga nna kwa teng, ga dira gore Basarwa ba gane ka go tlhasela Maburu, ba tlhasela leruo la bona mme ka dinako tse dingwe ba bogisa kgotsa ba kgaola batswasetlhabelo ba bona ditokololo ..<ref name=":9" />:(tsebe ya masome a mararo le borobabobedi) Ditlhaselo tse tsa Basarwa ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe di ne tsa rotloetsa balemi le barui ba maburu ba ba neng ba fudugago dirisa ditlhopana tsa sesole tse di itsegeng jaaka di-''commando'' - pele go tlhatloga maeto a kotlhao, morago ga moo go oketsega go thibela ditlhaselo tse di ka nnang teng .<ref name=":9" /> (tsebe ya masome a mararo le borobabongwe go ya kwa masome a mane le bongwe) Tiriso ya dikgoka kgatlhanong le San di ne tsa lemogwa mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1700, tsa bo 1730, le bogareng jwa bo dingwaga tsa bo 1750. Go tloga kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1770 go fitlha kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1790, tiriso ya dikgoka e e ne ya akaretsa go bapa le molelwane wa [[:en:Dutch_Cape_Colony|Koloni ya Kapa ya Dutch]]. Mo dingwageng tse tse di masome a mararo tsa bofelo tsa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le borobabobedi , tiro ya ditlhopha tsa banna ba maburu ba ba tlhophilweng e ne ya nna selo sa ka metlha sa bofelo jwa mariga, mme e ne e akaretsa go dikologa kampa ya Basarwa bosigo le go tlhasela ka mahube, go bolaya banna botlhe mo lefelong leo. Basadi le bana gantsi ba ne ba bolawa, mme gape ba ne ba ka tsewa botshwarwa.<ref name=":9" />: (tsebe ya masome a mane le botlhano go ya kwa masomeng a mane le bosupa) Mo godimo ga dipolao tsa ka gale tsa ditlhopha tse dinnye, go ne go na le dipolao tse dikgolo tse mo go tsona makgolokgolo a Basarwa ba neng ba ka bolawa mo tlhaselong e le nngwe.,<ref name=":9" />:(tsebe ya masome a mane le borobabobedi go ya kwa masomeng a mane le borobabongwe) <ref>Penn, S. (2005). The Forgotten Frontier: Colonist and Khoisan on the Cape's Northern Frontier in the 18th Century. Cape Town: Double Storey.</ref>(tsebe ya makgolo a le mabedi le masome a mabedi e borataro). Ditiro tse tsa bosetlhogo jo bo feteletseng gantsi di ne di siamisiwa ke kgopolo ya bosemorafe ya gore batsomi-baphuthi ba Basarwa e ne e se batho ka botlalo, kgotsa e ne e le ba setlhopha se se kwa tlase sa batho ba ba neng ba atlholetswe go nyelela .<ref name=":9" /> (tsebe ya masome a matlhano le bobedi go ya kwa masomeng a matlhano le botlhano) .Ka ngwaga wa 1777, morago ga masomesome a dingwaga a go phimola mo go sa atlegang go bitsa go ikgapa, kompone ya Ma-Dutch ya East India (VOC) e ne ya tshegetsa semmuso melawana ya go fedisa Basarwa .<ref name=":12">Van der Merwe, P.J. (1937). Die Noordwaardse Beweging van die Boere Voor die Groot Trek, 1770–1842. The Hague: W.P. van Stockum. </ref>(tsebe ya masome a mane le bongwe) <ref>Smith A.; Malherbe C.; Guenther M.; Berens P. (2000). The Bushmen of Southern Africa: A Foraging Society in Transition. Cape Town: David Philip. p. 47.</ref> Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabobedi, fa Maesemane a ne a tsaya taolo ya [[:en:Cape_colony|koloni ya Kapa]], ​​diketekete tsa Basarwa di ne di bolailwe mme di pateleditswe go direla batswakwa. [[:en:British_Empire|Makgowa]] [[:en:British_Empire|a ma British]] a ne a leka melawana ya go [[:en:Cultural_assimilation|tsena mo setsong sa ba bangwe]] go dira gore Basarwa ba amogele mokgwa wa botshelo wa temothuo,<ref name=":9" />:(tsebe ya masome a marataro le bongwe go ya kwa tsebeng ya masomeng a marataro le bone) fela mokgwa o o ne wa palelwa thata. Gape ga ba a atlega mo go emiseng ditlhaselo tsa setlhopha sa banna ba maburu ba ba tlhophilweng go dira tiro ya sesole tse di sa tlhomamang kgatlhanong le Basarwa, le fa palo ya dintsho e ne ya fokotsega thata fa e bapisiwa le bokhutlo jwa paka ya kompone ya Ma-Dutch ya East India (VOC)- dipalo tsa semmuso tsa puso, tse ruri di sa felelang, di supa gore Basarwa ba le diketetse pedi, makgolo a le mane le masome a borobabobedi ba ne ba bolawa mme ba le makgolo a marataro le masome amatlhano le bone ba ne ba tshwarwa mo dingwageng tse di lesome tse di fetileng tsa kompone ya Ma-Dutch ya East India (VOC), se se ne se farologane le batho ba le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le bosupa ba ba neng ba bolawa le ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano le bobedi ba ba neng ba tshwarwa mo dingwageng tse di lesome tsa ntlha tsa puso ya Borithane le Batavia.<ref name=":12" /> (tsebe ya masome a matlhano le boraro le tsebe ya masome borobabongwe le boraro) .Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1850, go nna teng ga Basarwa mo go ikemetseng jaaka batsomi-baphuthi go ne go setse go sa tlhomama thata mme ka iketlo bontsi jwa Basarwa bo ne jwa golagana le balemirui, ka ntlha ya kopano ya matshosetsi, go tshola basadi le bana, le tlala .<ref name=":9" />: Gape go na le bosupi bongwe jwa go ananya ga bana ba Basarwa le dinku kgotsa dipodi, jo bo neng jwa thibelwa ka ngwaga wa 1817,<ref name=":9" /> (tsebe ya masome a supa go ya kwa tsebeng ya masome a supa le bongwe) jo bo neng jwa lebisa kwa kgwebisanong ya bana mo sephiring ..<ref>Philip, J. (1828). Researches in South Africa, 2 vols. London: James Duncan. p. vol. II, 265–66.</ref> Go bapa le molelwane wa Bokone wa [[:en:Cape_Colony|Koloni ya Kapa]], ​​Basarwa le bone ba ne ba tlhaselwa le go bolawa ke ditlhopha tsa badisa tse di jaaka [[:en:Griqua_people|Griqua]], Korana le 'Bastard'.<ref name=":9" />: (tsebe ya masome a supa le boraro go ya kwa masomeng a supa le bone). Ka ngwaga wa 1863, [https://digitalbleeklloyd.uct.ac.za/louis-anthing.html Louis Anthing] o ne a fopholetsa gore go ne go se naBasarwa ba ba fetang makgolo a matlhano ba ba neng ba setse mo nageng yotlhe, le gore ne ba nale seemo se se maswe thata, ba lebaganwe ke tlala. Dintwa tsa Korana tsa dingwaga tsa 1868 go ya kwa 69, dingwaga tsa 1878 go ya kwa 79 le dingwaga tsa bo 1870s, tseo tse e leng gore batho bangwe ba |xam ba ne ba tsaya karolo mo letlhakoreng la Korana, di ne tsa baka polao, tlala kgotsa botshwarwa le bokgobeng jwa Basarwa ya bofelo ya Kapa.<ref name=":9" />( tsebe ya masome a supa le borataro) Kamogelo ya tiriso ya dikgoka, tshenyo ya mmele le ya setso ya Cape San jaaka polao ya semorafe ga e a nna ka bongwefela jwa pelo. Boraditso ba ba neng ba kwala pele ga go tlhamiwa ga lefoko polao ya batho ba ne ba kaya e le ''ntwa ya go fedisa'',<ref>''Stow, G. (1964). The Native Races of South Africa: A History of the Intrusion of the Hottentots and Bantu Into the Hunting Grounds of the Bushmen, the Aborigines of the Country. Cape Town: Struik. pp. 233, 575.''</ref> ''go nyelela'',<ref>MacMillan, W.M. (1968). The Cape Colour Question: A Historical Survey. Cape Town: Balkema. p. 26.</ref>''go fedisa''.<ref>MacCrone, I.D. (1937). Race Attitudes in South Africa: Historical, Experimental and Psychological Studies. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 104–5.</ref> Bakwadi ba bošeng ba dirisitse lefoko polao ya semorafe.,<ref name=":10" /> (tsebe ya lekgolo le lesome le bobedi )<ref>Smith, A. (1991). "'On becoming herders: Khoikhoi and San ethnicity in southern Africa',". African Studies. 50 (1): 510.</ref><ref>Skotnes, P. (1996). Miscast: Negotiating the Presence of the Bushmen. Cape Town: UCT Press. p. 17.</ref><ref>Morris A. (1996). 'Trophy skulls: museums and the San',. Cape Town: in Miscast, ed. Skotnes. </ref> ka N. Penn a rata go kaya ‘polao ya semorafe e e sa felelang’ kgotsa ‘ntwa e e neng e atamela polao ya semorafe’<ref name=":11" />: (tsebe ya lekgolo le masome a mabedi le boraro) ka gonne Basarwa ba ne ba sa dirise dipolao tsotlhe tse di rulagantsweng. Moithuta-batho Miklós Szalay e nnile lentswe le le tlhageletseng thata la barutegi le le ganetsang go dirisa letshwao la polao ya semorafe mo go senyeng setšhaba sa Cape San, a nganga gore setlhopha sa banna ba maburu ba ba tlhophilweng go dira tiro ya sesole di ne di diretswe thata go batlela balemirui ba Maburu badiri le gore melawana ya kompone ya Ma-Dutch ya East India (VOC) ya ngwaga wa 1777 e ne e le mokgwa o o neng o sa tsenngwa mo tirisong.<ref name=":0" /> (tsebe ya lesome le bongwe le tsebe ya lesome le boraro go ya kwa masomeng a mararo le boraro), Le fa go ntse jalo, Adhikari <ref name=":9" /> (tsebe ya masome a borobabobedi le botlhano go yakwa masomeng a borobabobedi le bosupa) e bontsha gore mabaka a ga Szalay a ganediwa ke bosupi, bogolosegolo palo e e kwa godimo ya Basarwa e e bolailweng go ya go ba ba dirilweng batshwarwa mo pakeng ya dingwaga tsa 1770 go ya kwa go tsa 1795, le ntlha ya gore le go dira basadi le bana makgoba go nnile le seabe mo go phutlhameng ga setšhaba sa Basarwa. Mabapi le maitemogelo a batho ba Basarwa kwa mafatsheng a mangwe a Aforika, go na le bosupi jwa gore le bone ba ne ba lebane le matshosetsi a a tswelelang a go fudusiwa, go kgaphelwa thoko le tiriso ya dikgoka mo bokaong jwa go tsenelela ga karolo e kgolo ya lefatshe e e nang le mafatshe a a mantsi ya Europe, le fa go ntse jalo ditlhopha dingwe di ne tsa kgona go tshela. Kwa [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|Jeremane wa Borwa Bophirima jwa Aforika]], bogolosegolo mo kgaolong e e simololang kwa [[:en:Otavi|Otavi]] go ya kwa [[:en:Gobabis|Gobabis]], tiriso ya dikgoka e e maswe go gaisa ya polao ya semorafe kgatlhanong le ditlhopha tsa Basarwa e diragetse magareng ga ngwaga wa 1912 le ngwaga wa 1915.<ref>Gordon, Robert J. (2009). "Hiding in Full View: The "Forgotten" Bushman Genocides of Namibia". Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal. 4 (1: Article 4).</ref> Morago ga taelo ya ga Mmusi wa lefatshe la Germany e e neng e tshegetsa go thuntshiwa ga batho ba Basarwa, go ne ga romelwa go feta dipatorolo di le makgolo a mane tse di neng di lwantsha Basarwa di ne tsa romelwa magareng ga ngwaga wa 1911 le 1913, mme palo ya Basarwa mo lefelong leo e ne ya wela tlase go tswa ko diketeng di le borobabobedi le diketeng tse lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 1913 go ya ko diketeng di le tharo le makgolo a marataro ka ngwaga wa 1923<ref>Gordon, Robert J. (6 August 2025). [https://theconversation.com/namibias-forgotten-genocide-how-bushmen-were-hunted-and-killed-under-german-colonial-rule-261267#:~:text=Accordingly%2C%20the%20German%20governor%20ordered,known%20as%20South%20West%20Africa. "Namibia's forgotten genocide: how Bushmen were hunted and killed under German colonial rule]". The Conversation. Retrieved 11 February 2026.</ref>. Morago ga gore kgaolo e tsewe ke lefatshe la Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa 1915, go na le bosupi jwa gore puso ya lefatshe la Aforika Borwa gape e ne ya ntsha di tetla tsa gore batho ba tsome Basarwa kwa Aforika wa Borwa Bophirima (lefatshe la Namibia wa gompieno), mme ya bofelo go begwa e ne ya ntshiwa ka ngwaga wa 1936.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20160314082909/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0102/feature6/ "More to explore", Southern Africa's hunter-gatherers seek a foothold"]. [[:en:National_Geographic|National Geographic]]. Archived from [http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0102/feature6/ the original] on 14 March 2016.</ref> Mo koloning ya [[:en:Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland]], kgaolo ya Ghanzi, e e neng e tsewa jaaka kago ya phemelo ya merafe ya Basarwa, e ne ya kgaoganngwa mo gare ga balemirui ba dikgomo ba basweu mo sephatlong sa bobedi ya ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le borobabongwe, go pateletsa batho ba Basarwa go nna se se bidiwang "Ba-Bushmen ba polase", ba dira jaaka badisa ba dikgomo.<ref>Hermans, J. (1977). "Official Policy Towards the Bushmen of Botswana: A Review, Part 1". Botswana Notes & Records. 9: 55–67.</ref> Mo pakeng yotlhe ya bokoloniale, ba ne ba itemogela go fudusiwa le go kgaphelwa thoko gape.<ref>Kelso, C. (1993). "The Landless Bushmen". Africa Report. 38 (2): 51–54.</ref> === Baagi ba San mo dinageng tsa Aforika tse di tlositsweng mo bokoloniale === Go tloga ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950 go fitlha ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990, merafe ya Basarwa e ne ya fetogela kwa temothuong ka ntlha ya mananeo a segompieno a a neng a laetswe ke puso. Le fa tsela ya botshelo e fetogile, di ile tsa re fa tshedimosetso e ntsi mo thutong ya batho le ya digotso. Thutopatlisiso nngwe e e anameng ya mefutafuta ya digotso tsa Aforika, e e weditsweng ka ngwaga wa 2009, e fitlhetse gore mefutafuta ya digotso tsa Basarwa e ne e le mo gare ga tse tlhano tse di kwa godimo tsa dipalopalo tsotlhe di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le bongwe tse di tserweng disampole.<ref>Connor, Steve (1 May 2009). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/worlds-most-ancient-race-traced-in-dna-study-1677113.html "World's most ancient race traced in DNA study"]. [[:en:The_Independent|''The Independent'']].</ref><ref name=":14">Gill, Victoria (1 May 2009). "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8027269.stm Africa's genetic secrets unlocked]" (online edition). [[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001654/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8027269.stm Archived] from the original on 1 July 2009. Retrieved 3 September 2009.</ref><ref>Tishkoff, S. A.; Reed, F. A.; Friedlaender, F. R.; Ehret, C.; Ranciaro, A.; Froment, A.; Hirbo, J. B.; Awomoyi, A. A.; Bodo, J. -M.; Doumbo, O.; Ibrahim, M.; Juma, A. T.; Kotze, M. J.; Lema, G.; Moore, J. H.; Mortensen, H.; Nyambo, T. B.; Omar, S. A.; Powell, K.; Pretorius, G. S.; Smith, M. W.; Thera, M. A.; Wambebe, C.; Weber, J. L.; Williams, S. M. (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2947357 "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans"]. [[:en:Science_(journal)|Science]]. 324 (5930): 1035–1044. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Sci...324.1035T 2009Sci...324.1035T.] doi:[[doi:10.1126/science.1172257|10.1126/science.1172257]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2947357 2947357]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19407144 19407144].</ref> Ditlhopha dingwe tsa Basarwa ke nngwe ya "ditlhopha tsa baagi ba bagologolwane" di le lesome le bone tse di itsegeng tse di setseng di le teng; ke gore, "ditlhopha tsa batho ba ba nang le lotso lo lo tshwanang lwa digotso, ba ba nang le lotso lo lo tshwanang le go tshwana mo setsong sa bone le mo dipharologanong tsa dipuo tsa bone".<ref name=":14" /> Le fa go na le dintlha dingwe tse di siameng tsa mananeo a tlhabololo a puso tse di begilweng ke maloko a merafe ya Basarwa le [[:en:Bakgalagadi|Bakgalagadi]] mo lefatsheng la Botswana, bontsi bo buile ka maikutlo a a tlhomameng a go kgaphelwa thoko mo dithulaganyong tsa go tsaya ditshwetso tsa puso, mme bontsi jwa Basarwa le Bakgalagadi ba latofaditswe ka go itemogela kgethololo ya lotso mo karolong ya puso.<ref name=":13" /> (tsebe ya borobabobedi go ya kwa tsebeng ya borobabongwe). [[:en:United_States_Department_of_State|Lephata la Merero ya Lefatshe la United States]] le tlhalositse kgethololo e e tswelelang kgatlhanong le batho ba Basarwa, kgotsa ''Basarwa'', mo lefatsheng la Botswana ka ngwaga wa 2013 jaaka "tlhobaelo e kgolo ya ditshwanelo tsa batho" ya lefatshe leo .<ref>Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. [https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/220296.pdf Botswana 2013 Human Rights Report] (PDF). [[:en:United_States_Department_of_State|United States Department of State.]]</ref> (tsebe ya ntlha) == Loago == ''Tshedimosetso e nngwe: [[:en:San_healing_practices|Mekgwa ya go fodisa ya Ba]]''[[:en:San_healing_practices|''sarwa'']]'', [[:en:San_rock_art|botaki jwa matlapa jwa Ba]]''[[:en:San_rock_art|''sarwa'']]'', le [[:en:San_religion|bodumedi jwa Basarwa]]'' [[Setshwantsho:Naro Bushmen drinking water from the bi bulb plant, Botswana 2008.jpg|thumb|Go nwa metsi go tswa mo sejalong sa bi bulb]] [[Setshwantsho:BushmenSan.jpg|thumb|Go tshuba molelo ka diatla]] [[:en:Kinship_system|Thulaganyo ya losika]] lwa Basarwa e bontsha ditso tsa bone jaaka ditlhopha tse dinnye tse di tsamayang tsa go batla dijo ka tlwaelo. Bolosika jwa Basarwa bo tshwana le jwa [[:en:Inuit_kinship|losika lwa Inuit]], jo bo dirisang setlhopha se se tshwanang sa mareo jaaka mo ditsong tsa lefatshekgolo le le na leng dikarolo tsa mafatshe la Europe mme bo oketsa ka molao wa leina le molao wa dingwaga tsa go tlhomamisa gore ke mareo afe a a tshwanetseng go dirisiwa. Molao wa dingwaga o rarabolola tlhakatlhakano nngwe le nngwe e e tlhagelelang ka ntlha ya mareo a losika, ka gonne yo mogolo mo bathong ba babedi ka metlha o swetsa gore o bitse yo mmotlana eng. Go na le maina a le mmalwa fela a a tsamayang (mo e ka nnang maina a le masome a mararo le botlhano ka bong), mme ngwana mongwe le mongwe o bidiwa ka rremogolo le mmèmogolo kgotsa wa losika yo mongwe, mme ga a ise a ko a bidiwe ka batsadi ba gagwe.[citation needed] [[Setshwantsho:San-man preparing poison arrows, using roasted seeds of Bobgunnia madagascariensis and innards of Diamphidia nigroornata, Namibia 2007-3.jpg|thumb|Go baakanyetsa metswi ya botlhole]] [[Setshwantsho:San tribesman.jpg|thumb|Monna wa Mosarwa]] Bana ga ba na ditiro tsa loago kwa ntle ga go tshameka, mme boitapoloso bo botlhokwa thata mo Basan ba dingwaga tsotlhe. Go dirisiwa nako e ntsi mo motlotlong, mo metlaeng, mo mminong le mo metantshong e e boitshepo. Basadi e ka nna baeteledipele ba ditlhopha tsa malapa a bone. Gape di ka dira ditshwetso tse di botlhokwa tsa lelapa le tsa setlhopha mme tsa bolela gore ke tsa tsone tsa dikhuti tsa metsi le mafelo a go batla dijo. Basadi ba amega thata mo go phutheng dijo, mme ka dinako tse dingwe gape ba nna le seabe mo go tsomeng.<ref name=":8">"[https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_bushmen.html San - Bushmen - Kalahari, South Africa]..." www.krugerpark.co.za. Retrieved 30 March 2024.</ref> Metsi a botlhokwa mo botshelong jwa Basarwa. Ka nako ya komelelo e telele, ba dirisa didiba tsa go nwa metsi gore di kgone go tsaya metsi. Go dira mekoti ya go kgobokanya metsi sentle, Basarwa ba gotlha mosima o o boteng fa motlhaba o leng metsi teng, mme ba tsenye kutu e telele ya bojang jo bo khuti mo mosimeng. Go dirisiwa [[:en:Ostrich_egg|lee la mpšhe]] le le senang sepe go tsaya metsi. Metsi a gogelwa mo lotlhakeng go tswa mo motlhabeng, go tsena mo molomong, mme morago a tsamaye go fologa lotlhaka lo longwe go tsena mo leeng la mpshe.<ref name=":8" /> Ka tlwaelo, Basarwa e ne e le setšhaba se se lekalekanang.<ref>Marjorie Shostak, 1983, ''Nisa: The Life and Words of a ǃKung Woman''. New York: [[:en:Vintage_Books|Vintage Books]]. Page 10.</ref> Le fa ba ne ba na le [[:en:Tribal_chief|dikgosi]] tsa boswa, taolo ya bone e ne e lekanyeditswe. Basarwa ba ne ba tsaya ditshwetso mo gare ga bona ka [[:en:Consensus_decision-making|tumalano]], ka basadi ba tshwarwa jaaka ba ba lekanang mo go tseyeng ditshwetso.<ref>Shostak 1983: 13</ref> Itsholelo ya Basarwa e ne e le [[:en:Gift_economy|itsholelo ya dimpho]], e e neng e ikaegile ka go naana dimpho ka metlha go na le go gweba kgotsa go reka dithoto le ditirelo.<ref>Shostak 1983: 9, 25</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994, bokana ka karolo ya masome a borobabongwe le botlhano ya dikamano tsa San e ne e le tsa [[:en:Monogamy|mosadi a le mongwe]].<ref>Goldsmith, Timothy H. (1994). [https://books.google.com/books?id=93Q8DwAAQBAJ&dq=san+people+are+a+monogamous&pg=PA61 The Biological Roots of Human Nature: Forging Links Between Evolution and Behavior.] [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]]. pp. 61–62. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509393-3|978-0-19-509393-3.]] Retrieved 18 March 2025.</ref> === Go itshidisa === Metse e farologana ka go nna thata go tswa mo mafelong a tshireletso ya pula ya bosigo mo dikgakologong tse di bothitho (fa batho ba tsamaya ka nako tsotlhe go batla botala jo bo tlhogang), go ya kwa mekgwatlheng e e rulagantsweng semmuso, tse mo go tsone batho ba phuthegelang mo pakeng ya komelelo go dikologa dikhutsi tsa metsi tsa se nnela ruri. Tshimologo ya dikgakologo ke paka e e thata go gaisa: paka e e mogote ya komelelo e e latelang mariga a a tsidifetseng, a a omileng, fa bontsi jwa dijalo di santse di sule kgotsa di sa dire sepe, mme ditlamelo tsa manoko a letlhafula di fedile. Nama e botlhokwa thata mo dikgweding tsa komelelo fa diphologolo tsa naga di sa kgone go nna kgakala le metsi a a boelang morago.[citation needed] Basadi ba phutha maungo, dithlowana, dituber, di kwii tsa sekgwa le dilo tse dingwe tsa dimela gore setlhopha se di je. Mae a [[:en:Ostrich|ntšhe]] a a kgobokanngwa, mme dikgapetla tsa one tse di senang sepe di dirisiwa jaaka ditshodi tsa metsi. Ditshidinyana di tlamela ka gongwe karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong ya dikotla ​​tsa diphologolo tse di jewang, gantsi ka paka ya komelelo. Go ikaegile ka lefelo, Basarwa ba ja mefuta e le lesme le borobabobedi go ya go e le lekgolong le bone, go akaretsa ditsie, dikhukhwane, diboko, dirurubele, dirurubele, le metlhwa.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ok-3NLX_8GQC&pg=PA39 Brian Morris (2005). Insects and Human Life, pp39-40]. See page 19: [https://books.google.com/books?id=ok-3NLX_8GQC&q=san&pg=PA19https://books.google.com/books?id=ok-3NLX_8GQC&q=san&pg=PA19 for insect use in medicine, poison for arrows etc. Also page 188 regarding Kaggen, the Praying Mantis trickster deity who created the moon] More on Kaggen, who might sabotage a hunt by transforming into a louse and biting the hunter: Mathias [https://books.google.com/books?id=NtyI0b1CiDkC&pg=PA111 Georg Guenther (1999). Tricksters and Trancers: Bushman Religion and Society. p111.]</ref> Didirisiwa tsa basadi tsa setso tsa go phutha di le motlhofo go dirisiwa e bile dira tiro ka botlalo: setlhako sa letlalo, kobo, kobo e e bidiwang ''kaross'' go rwala dijo, dikgong tsa molelo, dikgetsi tse dinnye, thobane ya go epa, mme gongwe, mofuta o monnye wa kaross go belega lesea.[citation needed][[Image:San-Paintings Murewa ZW.jpg|thumb|300px|1000- to 2000-year-old San-paintings near [[Murewa]] [[Zimbabwe]] ]] Banna, mme go akanngwa gore ke basadi fa ba tsamaya le bone, ba tsoma mo maetong a maleele a a lapisang a go latedisa. Di bolaya diphologolo tsa tsona di dirisa [[:en:Bow_and_arrow|bora le metswi]] le [[:en:Spear|marumo]] a a tlhomilweng mo [[:en:Diamphotoxin|diamphotoxin]], [[:en:Arrow_poison|botlhole jwa motsu]] jo bo dirang ka iketlo jo bo tlhagisiwang ke [[:en:Larva|dibokwana]] tsa khukhwana tsa mofuta wa [[:en:Diamphidia|''Diamphidia'']]. === Ditso tsa bogologolo === [[Setshwantsho:Wandering hunters (Masarwa bushmen), North Kalahari Desert.jpg|thumb|Batsomi ba ba kgarakgatshegang (Batlhaba ba Masarwa), sekake sa Kalahari Bokone, se se gatisitsweng ka ngwaga 1892 (go tswa mo setshwantshong sa ga H. A. Bryden)]] Setlhopha sa didiriswa tse di batlang di tshwana le tse di dirisiwang ke Basarwa ba segompieno mme di simolotse ka dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a manè le bobedi Pele ga Baebele di ribolotswe kwa [[:en:Border_Cave|Logageng lwa Molelwane]] kwa [[:en:KwaZulu-Natal|KwaZulu-Natal]] ka ngwaga wa 2012.<ref>Crumpton [[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]], Nick (31 July 2012). "[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19069560 Earliest evidence of modern human culture found]".</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, se go akanngwang gore ke ngwao ya bogologolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng se ranolwa jaaka bosupi jo bo tla dirang gore setso sa Basarwa e nne setso sa bogologolo go gaisa se se santseng se dirisiwa gompieno.<ref>[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061130081347.htm "World's Oldest Ritual Discovered -- Worshipped the Python 70,000 Years Ago"]</ref><ref>[https://www.world-archaeology.com/world/africa/botswana/ritual-organised-activity-identified-as-worlds-oldest/ "Ritual: Organised Activity Identified as World's Oldest"]6 March 2007</ref><ref>[http://afrol.com/articles/23093 "Afrol News - World's oldest religion discovered in Botswana"]</ref><ref>[https://damienmarieathope.com/2017/03/stone-snake-of-south-africa-first-human-worship-70000/ "Stone Snake of South Africa: "first human worship" 70,000 years ago | Damien Marie AtHope"] </ref> [<nowiki/>[[:en:Wikipedia:Disputed_statement|go ganetsanwa]] (ka ntlha ya: Bosupi ga bo ise bo ke bo gatisiwe) – [[:en:Talk:San_peoples#World's_oldest_ritual_claim|''buisana'']]]. Bosupi jwa ditso bo bontsha gore merafe mengwe ya Basarwa e ntse e nna mo dikgaolong tsa sekaka tsa Kalahari; le fa go ntse jalo, kwa bofelong mo e ka nnang merafe e mengwe yotlhe ya San kwa borwa jwa Aforika e ne ya patelesega go tsena mo kgaolong e. Basarwa ba Kalahari ba ne ba sala mo lehumeng fa baagisani ba bona ba ba humileng ba ne ba ba ganela ditshwanelo tsa lefatshe. Go ise go ye kae, kwa lefatshe la Botswana le lefatshe la Namibia, ba ne ba fitlhela kgaolo ya bone e fokoditswe thata.<ref>"The modern day Bushmen / San" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618001626/http://www.theartofafrica.co.za/serv/moderntimes.jsp|date=18 June 2011}}. Art of Africa. Retrieved 2012-01-29.</ref> === Segotso === Dithuto tse di farologaneng tsa di chromosome tsa bong e e fitlhelwang mo banneng di bontsha gore Basarwa ba rwele dingwe tsa ditlhopha tsa dijini tsa chromosome ya Y ya batho tsa dichromosome tsa bong e e fitlhelwang mo banneng tsa batho tse di farologaneng thata (tse di nang le dikala tsa ntlha). Ditlhopha tse tsa ditlhopha tsa dijini tsa chromosome ke ditlhotshwana tse di rileng tsa ditlhopha tsa dijini tsa chromosome tsa [[:en:Haplogroup_A_(Y-DNA)|A]] le [[:en:Haplogroup_B_(Y-DNA)|B]], e leng dikala tse pedi tsa ntlha mo [[:en:Phylogenetic_tree|setlhareng]] sa chromosome ya bong e e fitlhelwang mo banneng ya Y sa motho.<ref name=":15">Knight, Alec; Underhill, Peter A.; Mortensen, Holly M.; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Lin, Alice A.; Henn, Brenna M.; Louis, Dorothy; Ruhlen, Merritt; Mountain, Joanna L. (2003). [[doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00130-1|"African Y Chromosome and mtDNA Divergence Provides Insight into the History of Click Languages]]". ''[[:en:Current_Biology|Current Biology]]''. '''13''' (6): 464–73. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003CBio...13..464K 2003CBio...13..464K]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00130-1|10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00130-1.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12646128 12646128]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52862939 52862939].</ref><ref>Hammer, MF; Karafet, TM; Redd, AJ; Jarjanazi, H; Santachiara-Benerecetti, S; Soodyall, H; Zegura, SL (2001). [http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/Hammer_MBE_2001.pdfhttp://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/Hammer_MBE_2001.pdf "Hierarchical patterns of global human Y-chromosome diversity]" (PDF). [[:en:Molecular_Biology_and_Evolution|''Molecular Biology and Evolution''.]] '''18''' (7): 1189–203. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906|10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11420360 11420360].</ref><ref>Naidoo, Thijessen; Schlebusch, Carina M.; Makkan, Heeran; Patel, Pareen; Mahabeer, Rajeshree; Erasmus, Johannes C.; Soodyall, Himla (2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988483 "Development of a single base extension method to resolve Y chromosome haplogroups in sub-Saharan African populations".] ''Investigative Genetics''. '''1''' (1): 6. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/2041-2223-1-6|10.1186/2041-2223-1-6]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988483 2988483]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21092339 21092339].</ref> Dithuto tsa [[:en:Mitochondrial_DNA|sengwe se se tsholang tshedimosetso ya dijini e e fetisiwang go tswa mo batsading go ya mo baneng (DNA) ya mitochondrial]] gape di neelana ka bosupi jwa gore Basarwa e rwele makgetlo a a kwa godimo a dikala tsa ntlha tsa [[:en:Human_mitochondrial_DNA_haplogroup|setlhopa sa dijini tse di tshwanang mo setlhareng]] tsa sengwe se se tsholang tshedimosetso ya dijini e e fetisiwang go tswa mo batsading go ya mo baneng (DNA) ya mitochondrial ya motho. Sengwe se se tsholang tshedimosetso ya dijini e e fetisiwang (DNA) e e motho a e tsayang fela mo go mmaagwe. Setlhopha sa di-mitochondria se se farologaneng thata (se se nang le dikala tsa ntlha), [[:en:Haplogroup_L0|L0d]], se supilwe ka makgetlo a sone a a kwa godimo mo ditlhopheng tsa Basarwa tsa Aforika e e kwa borwa.<ref name=":15" /><ref>Chen, Yu-Sheng; Olckers, Antonel; Schurr, Theodore G.; Kogelnik, Andreas M.; Huoponen, Kirsi; Wallace, Douglas C. (2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1288201 "MtDNA Variation in the South African Kung and Khwe—and Their Genetic Relationships to Other African Populations"]. [[:en:The_American_Journal_of_Human_Genetics|''The American Journal of Human Genetics''.]] '''66''' (4): 1362–83. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1086/302848|10.1086/302848]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1288201 1288201]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10739760 10739760].</ref><ref>Tishkoff, S. A.; Gonder, M. K.; Henn, B. M.; Mortensen, H.; Knight, A.; Gignoux, C.; Fernandopulle, N.; Lema, G.; Nyambo, T. B.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Reed, F. A.; Mountain, J. L. (2007). [[doi:10.1093/molbev/msm155|"History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation"]]. [[:en:Molecular_Biology_and_Evolution|''Molecular Biology and Evolution''.]] '''24''' (10): 2180–95. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/molbev/msm155|10.1093/molbev/msm155]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17656633 17656633].</ref><ref>Schlebusch, Carina M.; Naidoo, Thijessen; Soodyall, Himla (2009). "SNaPshot minisequencing to resolve mitochondrial macro-haplogroups found in Africa". ''Electrophoresis''. '''30''' (21): 3657–64. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/elps.200900197|10.1002/elps.200900197]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19810027 19810027]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19515426 19515426].</ref> Mo patlisisong e e gatisitsweng ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2011, Brenna Henn le badirammogo ba gagwe ba fitlhetse gore Ba-ǂKhomani San, mmogo le batho ba [[:en:Sandawe_people|Sandawe]] le [[:en:Hadza_people|Hadza]] ba [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]], e ne e le batho ba ba farologaneng thata ka dijini go gaisa batho bape ba ba tshelang ba ba neng ba ithutiwa. Tekanyo e e kwa godimo e ya pharologano ya dijini e supa tshimologo ya batho ba segompieno ka mmele.<ref>Henn, Brenna; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Jobin, Matthew (2011). [https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/44431/1/1017511108.full.pdf "Hunter-gatherer genomic diversity suggests a southern African origin for modern humans"] (PDF). ''[[:en:Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America|Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]]''. '''108''' (13). [[:en:National_Academy_of_Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]]: 5154–62. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1017511108|10.1073/pnas.1017511108]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3069156 3069156]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21383195 21383195].</ref><ref>Kaplan, Matt (2011). [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/gene-study-challenges-human-origin-africa/ "Gene Study Challenges Human Origins in Eastern Africa"]. ''[[:en:Scientific_American|Scientific American]]''. [[:en:Nature_Publishing_Group|Nature Publishing Group]]. Retrieved 22 June 2012.</ref> Thutopatlisiso ya ngwaga wa 2008 e ne ya akantsha gore Basarwa ba ka tswa ba ne ba kgaogantswe le ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa bagologolwane dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le matlhano go ya go diketeng tse lekgolo mme moragonyana ba kopana gape, ba kopana gape le setlhopha sotlhe sa dijini tsa batho.<ref>Rincon, Paul (24 April 2008). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7358868.stm "Human line 'nearly split in two'"]. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. Retrieved 31 December 2009.</ref> Patlisiso ya ka ga sengwe se se tsholang tshedimosetso ya dijini e e fetisiwang go tswa mo batsading go ya mo baneng (DNA) e e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa 2016 ya tatelano e e feletseng ya tshedimosetso yotlhe ya dijini ya batho (genome) e bontshitse gore bagologolwane ba Basarwa ba gompieno ba ba neng ba tshela ka go tsoma le go kokoanya dijo ba simolotse go kgaogana le ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa batho mo Aforika mo e ka nnang dingwageng di le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi tse di fetileng (200 000), mme ba ne ba setse ba kgaogane ka botlalo mo e ka nnang dingwageng di le dikete di le lekgolo tse di fetileng (100 000). === Kgotlhang ya lefatshe la borraetsho mo Botswana === [[Setshwantsho:Bosquimanos-Grassland Bushmen Lodge, Botswana 09.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa la Basarwa mo lefatsheng la Botswana]] Go ya ka baporofesara Robert K. Hitchcock, le Wayne A. Babchuk, "Ka ngwaga wa 1652, fa batho ba batho ba karolo e kgolo ya lefatshe e e nang le mafatshe a mantsi ba Europe ba ne ba tlhoma go nna teng ga bone ka nako e e tletseng kwa Borwa jwa Aforika, go ne go na le Basarwa ba ka nna dikete tse makgolo a mararo (300 000) le Ba-Khoekhoe ba le dikete tse makgolo a borataro(600 000) kwa Borwa jwa Ba-Khoekhoe. Ka nako ya dikgato tsa ntlha tsa bokoloniale bo bo neng bo dirwa ke batho ba karolo e kgolo ya lefatshe e e nang le mafatshe a mantsi ba Europe mo bathong ba [[:en:Khoekhoe|Khoekhoe]] le Basarwa ba le diketekete ba latlhegelwa ke matshelo ka ntlha ya polao ya semorafe, polao, go tshwarwa makgwakgwa mo mmeleng, le malwetse. Go ne go na le dikgetse tsa "go tsoma ga Bushman" mo ditlhopheng tsa banna ba maburu ba ba tlhophilweng go dira tiro ya sesole ([[:en:Paramilitary|ditlhotswana tse di tsamayang tsa sesole]] kgotsa di-posses) di neng di batla go romela Basarwa le Khoekhoe kwa dikarolong tse di farologaneng tsa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Hitchcock, Robert K.; Babchuk, Wayne A. (2017), "Genocide of Khoekhoe and San Peoples of Southern Africa", [https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203790830-7/genocide-khoekhoe-san-peoples-southern-africa-robert-hitchcock-wayne-babchuk ''Genocide of Indigenous Peoples'',] pp.&#x20;143–171, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4324/9780203790830-7|10.4324/9780203790830-7,]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780203790830|9780203790830]]</bdi>, retrieved 25 March 2023</ref> Bontsi jwa [[:en:Aboriginal_people|naga ya batho ba tlholego]] mo lefatsheng la Botswana, go akaretsa le naga e e neng e nnilwe ke batho ba Basarwa (kgotsa Basarwa), e ne ya gapiwa ka nako ya bokoloniale. Go latlhegelwa ke lefatshe le go fitlhelela ditsompelo tsa tlholego go ne ga tswelela morago ga boipuso jwa Botswana.<ref name=":13" />: (tsebe ya boraro) Basarwa ba amilwe thata ke go tsenelela ga batho ba le bantsi le balemirui ba e seng ba tlholego mo lefatsheng la bone la setso. Melawana ya puso go tloga ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 di ne tsa fetisetsa kgaolo e e botlhokwa ya lefatshe le ka tlwaelo e neng e le la Basarwa go merafe e mentsi ya [[:en:Agro-pastoralist|badisa-temothuo]] le baagi ba basweu.<ref name=":13" />: (tsebe ya lesomele botlhano) Bontsi jwa melawana ya puso mabapi le lefatshe e ne e na le tshekamelo ya go rata batho ba ba laolang ba Tswana le Bakgaladi ba bannye.<ref name=":13" /> (tsebe ya bobedi) Go latlhegelwa ke lefatshe ke seabe se segolo mo mathateng a a lebaganeng le batho ba tlholego ba lefatshe la Botswana, go akaretsa segolobogolo go lelekwa ga Basarwa mo Lefelo la Pabalesego ya Diphologolo la Bogare jwa Kalahari.<ref name=":13" /> (tsebe ya bobedi) Puso ya lefatshe la Botswana e ne ya swetsa ka gore botlhe ba ba nnang mo teng ga lefelo leo ba fudusediwe kwa mafelong a bonno a a kwa ntle ga lone. Go tshwenngwa ga baagi, go tlhatlhamololwa ga mafaratlhatlha, le go thibelwa ga go tsoma go lebega go dirisitswe go tlhotlheletsa baagi go tsamaya.<ref name=":13" /> (tsebe ya lesome le borataro) Puso e ganne gore go fuduga gope go ne ga patelediwa.[90] Go ne ga latela ntwa ya semolao.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20061220110621/http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/africa/12/13/bushmen.reut/index.html Botswana's bushmen get Kalahari lands back]". ''[[:en:CNN|CNN]]''. 13 December 2006. Archived from [http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/africa/12/13/bushmen.reut/index.html the original] on 20 December 2006. Retrieved 13 December 2006.</ref> Melawana ya go fudusiwa e ka tswa e ne e ikaeletse go tlhofofatsa meepo ya diteemane ke [[:en:Gem_Diamonds|Gem Diamonds]] mo teng ga lefelo la polokelo.<ref name=":13" />: (tsebe ya lesome le borobabobedi) == Tumalano ya kitso ya setso ya Hoodia == [[:en:Hoodia_gordonii|Hoodia gordonii]], e e dirisiwang ke Basarwa, e ne ya fiwa tetla ya tshwanelo ya boitlamedi ke [[:en:Council_for_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research|Lekgotla la lefatshe la Aforikaborwa la Dipatlisiso tsa Saense le Madirelo]] (CSIR) ka ngwaga wa 1998, ka ntlha ya boleng jwa yone jo bo akanngwang jwa go gatelela keletso ya dijo, le fa, go ya ka tshekatsheko ya ngwaga wa 2006, go se na bosupi jo bo gatisitsweng jwa saense jo bo neng bo tshegetsa semela sa naga se se melang mo Sekakeng sa Kalahari sa hoodia e fokotsa tlala mo bathung.<ref>Kathleen Doheney, [http://www.webmd.com/diet/guide/hoodia-lots-of-hoopla-little-science?page=1 "Hoodia: Lots of Hoopla, Little Science; Few studies support the promise of the South African appetite suppressant, but believers abound]", WebMD, September 6, 2006, Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD Retrieved March 24, 2007</ref> Tetla e ne ya fiwa kompone ya [[:en:Phytopharm|Phytopharm]], ya tlhabololo ya motswako wa khemikhale o o dirang mo sejalong sa naga se se melang mo Sekakeng sa Kalahari sa Hoodia, wa P57 (mofuta wa motswako wa khemikhale o o nang le karolo ya sukiri mo sebopegong sa one), go dirisiwa jaaka seritibatsi sa melemo sa go ja dijo tse di rileng. Fa tetla ya tshwanelo ya boitlamedi e e sena go itsisiwe kwa Basarweng, go ne ga fitlhelelwa tumalano ya go abelana dipoelo magareng ga bona le Lekgotla la Patlisiso ya Saense le Madirelo (CSIR) ka ngwaga wa 2003. Se se ne se tla abela Basarwa dituelo tsa dipoelo tsa kitso ya bona ya tlholego.<ref>Wynberg, R. (2005). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030858/http://www.icimod.org/resource/2248 Rhetoric, Realism and Benefit-Sharing]". ''The Journal of World Intellectual Property''. '''7''' (6): 851–876. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1747-1796.2004.tb00231.x|10.1111/j.1747-1796.2004.tb00231.x]]. Archived from [http://www.icimod.org/resource/2248 the original] on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2015.</ref> Ka nako ya kgang ya semolao, batho ba Basarwa ba ne ba emetswe le go thusiwa ke Setlhopha sa Tiro sa Ditlhophapotlana tsa Naga mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WIMSA), Lekgotla la Basarwa la lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le Setheo sa Basarwa sa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":4" /> Tumalano e ya go abelana dipoelo ke nngwe ya tsa ntlha go fa batshodi ba kitso ya setso e e dirisediwang go rekisa diritibatsi go nna le dituelo.Dipeelo tsa tumalano e di a ganediwa, ka ntlha ya go bonala fa di sa latele ka botlalo Melawana ya Bonn ya go fitlhelela ditsompelo tsa dijini le go abelana dipoelo, jaaka go tlhalositswe mo Tumalanong ya Lefatshe ka Bophara ka ga Pharologano ya Ditshedi ([[:en:Convention_on_Biological_Diversity|Convention on Biological Diversity]] – CBD).<ref>Tully, S. (2003). "[https://www.cbd.int/doc/articles/2003/A-00457.pdf The Bonn Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing"] (PDF). ''Review of European Community and International Environmental Law''. '''12''': 84–98. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:10.1111/1467-9388.00346.</ref> Basarwa ga ba ise ba bone dipoelo dipe go tswa mo tumalanong e, ka gonne motswako wa metlhakanyo o o bopilweng ka dikarolwana tsa dilo (chemical) o o ntshitsweng mo Hoodia wa P57 ga o ise o tlhabololwe semolao le go rekisiwa jaaka sehlahisoa sa kalafi. [[Setshwantsho:San-Paintings Murewa ZW.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tsa Basarwa gaufi le Murewa, kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe]] == Boemedi mo metsweding ya dikgang == === Dieemedi tsa pele === [[Setshwantsho:Southafrica468bushman.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mafikeng kwa Cederberg, kwa lefelong la Western Cape]] Basarwa ba [[:en:Kalahari|Kalahari]] ba ne ba tlisiwa lantlha mo tlhokomelong ya lefatshe le le kopaneng ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950 ke mokwadi wa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa [[:en:Laurens_van_der_Post|Laurens van der Post]]. Van der Post o goletse mo lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa, mme o ne a na le kgatlhego e e tlotlegang ya botshelo jotlhe ya ditso tsa batho ba naga ya Aforika. Ka ngwaga wa 1955, o ne a laelwa ke [[:en:BBC|Setheo sa Phasalatso sa Borithane (BBC)]] go ya kwa sekakeng sa Kalahari le setlhopha sa ditshwantsho tse di tsamayang tse di gatisitsweng ka setsayaditshwantso go batla Basarwa. Dintlha tse di neng di tsewa ditshwantsho tse di tsamayang e e gatisitsweng ka setsayaditshwantso di ne tsa fetolwa go nna ditshwantsho tse di ratiwang thata tsa sesupa ditshwantso tsa dikarolo di le thataro ngwaga moragonyana. E kgweediwa ke kgatlhego ya botshelo jotlhe ya "morafe o o nyeletseng" ono, Van der Post o ne a gatisa buka ya ngwaga wa 1958 ka ga leeto leo, e e bidiwang ''Lefatshe le le Latlhegileng la Kalahari''. E ne e tshwanetse go nna buka ya gagwe e e tumileng thata. [[Setshwantsho:San-Elephant Murewa ZW.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tsa Basarwa gaufi le Murewa]] Ka ngwaga wa 1961, o ne a gatisa ''Pelo ya Motsomi'', kanelo e a e dumelang mo matsenong e dirisa dibuka tse pedi tse di fetileng tsa dikgang le diiinane jaaka "mofuta wa Baebele ya Motlha wa Matlapa", e leng [[:en:Specimens_of_Bushman_Folklore|Dikao tsa Diiinane tsa Basarwa']] ( ngwaga wa 1911), tse di [[:en:Folkloristics|kokoantsweng]] ke [[:en:Wilhelm_Bleek|Wilhelm H. I. Bleek]] and [[:en:Lucy_Lloyd|Lucy C. Lloyd]], and [[:en:Dorothea_Bleek|Dorothea Bleek's]] ''Seleetswane le Tsala ya gagwe.'' Tiro ya ga Van der Post e ne ya tlisa dingwao tsa tlholego tsa Aforika kwa didikadikeng tsa batho lefatshe ka bophara e le lekgetlo la ntlha, mme batho bangwe ba ne ba e nyatsa jaaka karolo ya pono ya motho wa karolo e kgolo ya lefatshe e e nang le mafatshe a mantsi ya Europe ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950 le bo 1960, ba bolela gore o ne a tlhalosa Basarwa jaaka fela "bana ba Tlholego" kgotsa le e leng "baitseanape ba masaitsiweng ba tikologo". Ka ngwaga wa 1992, John Perrot le setlhopha sa gagwe ba ne ba gatisa buka e e bidiwang ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220401015629/http://www.khoisanpeoples.org/sites/book-site.htm Bush for the Bushman]'' — e e neng e tlhalosiwa jaaka "[http://savethesan.org/ boikuelo jo bo tswang mo seemong se se maswe]" mo boemong jwa Basarwa ba tlholego, e e neng e lebisitswe kwa setšhabeng sa boditšhabatšhaba mme e bile e kopa dipuso go ralala Borwa jwa Aforika go tlotla le go busetsa ditshwanelo tsa bogologolo tsa lefatshe tsa Basarwa botlhe. == Ditokomane le tshedimosetso tsa boammaruri == John Marshall, morwa wa moithuta-loago wa [[:en:Harvard_University|Harvard]] e bong [[:en:Lorna_Marshall|Lorna Marshall]], o kwadile matshelo a Basarwa kwa kgaolong ya Nyae Nyae kwa lefatsheng la Namibia mo pakeng e e tsayang dingwaga di feta masome a matlhano. Setshwantsho se se tsamayang se gatisiwa ka setsayaditshwantso sa gagwe sa ntlha sa ''The Hunters'', se bontsha go tsoma ga thutlwa. ''Lelapa la Kalahari'' (ngwaga wa 2002) ke motseletsele o o kwalang dingwaga di le masome a matlhano mo matshelong a ''Juǀʼhoansi'' a lefatshe la Aforika Borwa, go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1951 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2000. Marshall e ne e le motshegetsi yo o tlhagafetseng wa lebaka la Basarwa mo botshelong jwa gagwe jotlhe.<ref>Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rtHR8_gK_WwC The Old Way: A Story of the First People]''. Macmillan. pp.&#x20;xiii, 45–47. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781429954518|9781429954518]]</bdi>.</ref> Kgaitsadie [[:en:Elizabeth_Marshall_Thomas|Elizabeth Marshall Thomas]] o ne a kwala dibuka di le mmalwa le di pego di le mmalwa ka ga Basarwa, a ikaegile ka bontlhabongwe mo maitemogelong a gagwe a go nna le batho ba fa setso sa bone se ne se santse se le teng. ''Batho ba ba Senang Kotsi,'' e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 1959, le ''Tsela ya Bogologolo'': ''Kgang ya Batho ba Ntlha'', e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 2006, ke tse pedi tsa tsone. John Marshall le Adrienne Miesmer ba kwadile matshelo a batho ba ǃKung ba Basarwa magareng ga dingwaga tsa bo 1950 le 1978 kwa ''Nǃai'', Kgang ya ''Mosadi wa ǃKung''.<ref>N!ai; Marshall, John; Marshall-Cabezas, Sue; Miesner, Adrienne; Mbulu, Letta (2004), [http://www.aspresolver.com/aspresolver.asp?ANTH;763708 ''N!ai: the story of a !Kung woman'',] Documentary Educational Resources (Firm), Public Broadcasting Associates, Documentary Educational Resources, retrieved 30 March 2024</ref><ref>[https://africa.harvard.edu/event/reflecting-nai-story-kung-woman "Reflecting on N!ai, The Story of a !Kung Woman".] ''africa.harvard.edu''. Retrieved 30 March 2024.</ref>Setshwantsho se se tsamayang se gatisiwa ka setsayaditshwantso se, se e leng pego ya mosadi yo o goletseng fa Basarwa ba neng ba tshela jaaka batsomi-baphuthi ba ba ikemetseng, mme moragonyana a patelesega go tshela botshelo jwa go ikaega ka ba bangwe mo setšhabeng se se tlhomilweng ke puso kwa Tsumkwe, e bontsha ka fa matshelo a [[:en:ǃKung_people|batho ba ǃKung]], ba ba neng ba tshela dingwaga di le sekete jaaka batsomi ba ba kokoanyang, a neng a fetolelwa ruri ka tshegetso e nnye thata fa ba ne ba tshegediwa.<ref>Kray, C. (1978) "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080714061158/http://people.rit.edu/cakgss/nai.html Notes on 'Nǃai: The Story of a ǃKung Woman]'" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714061158/http://people.rit.edu/cakgss/nai.html|date=14 July 2008}}. RIT. n.d. Web. 5 October 2013.</ref> Modiri wa ditshwantsho tse di tsamayang tse di gatisitsweng ka setsayaditshwantso wa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa Richard Wicksteed o tlhagisitse ditokomane di le mmalwa ka ga setso sa Basarwa, ditso le maemo a gone jaana; tse di akaretsa ''Mo Mafelong a Modimo / Iindawo ZikaThixo'' (ngwaga wa 1995) ka ga boswa jwa setso jwa Basarwa kwa borwa jwa Drakensberg; ''Loso lwa Mobushman'' (ngwaga wa 2002) ka polao ya molatedi wa Mosarwa Optel Rooi ke mapodisi a lefatshe la Aforika Borwa; ''The Will To Survive'' (ngwaga wa 2009), e e akaretsang ditso le maemo a merafe ya Basarwa mo borwa jwa Aforika gompieno; le ''Lefatshe la Me ke Seriti sa Me'' (ngwaga wa 2009) ka ga kgaratlho ya ditshwanelo tsa lefatshe ya Basarwa kwa [[:en:Central_Kalahari_Game_Reserve|Lefelong la Diphologolo la Kalahari Bogare la Lefatshe la Botswana]].[citation needed] Tokomane ka ga go tsoma ga Basarwa e e bidiwang, ''Mmino o o Mogolo'': ''Kgang ya Motsomi'' (ngwaga wa 2000), e e kaetsweng ke Damon le [[:en:Craig_Foster_(filmmaker)|Craig Foster]]. Se se ne sa sekasekwa ke [[:en:Lawrence_Van_Gelder|Lawrence Van Gelder]] wa [[:en:New_York_Times|New York Times]], yo o neng a re setshwantsho se se tsamayang se gatisiwa ka setsayaditshwantso se "se nale tiro ya go somarela le go tlhoma loso."<ref>Van Gelder, Lawrence (29 September 2000). "[https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/29/movies/film-in-review-the-great-dance.html?pagewanted=print&src=p A Hunter's Story]". ''T[[:en:The_New_York_Times|he New York Times]]''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|.]]</ref> Buka ya ga [[:en:Spencer_Wells|Spencer Wells]] ya ngwaga wa 2003 ya ''[[:en:The_Journey_of_Man|The Journey of Man]]''—e e amanang le lenaneo la Dijini ya National Geographic—e tlotla ka tshekatsheko ya [[:en:Genetics|dijini]] tsa Basarwa mme e bolela gore [[:en:Genetic_markers|matshwao a bone a dijini]] e ne e le one a ntlha go kgaogana le a bagologolwane ba bontsi jwa batho ba bangwe ba segompieno (''Homo sapiens sapiens''). Tokomane ya [[:en:PBS|Tirelo ya Phatlalatso ya Setšhaba (PBS)]] e e theilweng mo bukeng e latela matshwao ano go ralala lefatshe lotlhe, e bontsha gore batho botlhe ba ka latedisiwa go boela kwa [[:en:African_continent|karolong e kgolo ya lefatshe e e nang le mafatshe a le mantsi ya Aforika]] (bona [[:en:Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans|Tshimologo ya bosheng ya Aforika ya batho ba segompieno]], se se bidiwang "go tswa mo Aforika" kakanyo).[citation needed] Motseletsele wa Setheo sa Phasalatso sa Borithane (BBC) wa [[:en:The_Life_of_Mammals#10._.22Food_for_Thought.22|''The Life of Mammals'']] ( ngwaga wa 2003) o akaretsa ditshwantsho tsa ditshwantsho tse di tsamayang tsa Basarwa ya tlholego ya sekaka sa Kalahari e [[:en:Persistence_hunt|tsoma mo go sa kgaotseng]] ga [[:en:Kudu|kudu]] mo maemong a a bogale a sekaka.<ref>[[:en:David_Attenborough|Attenborough, David]] (5 February 2003). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=826HMLoiE_o "Human Mammal, Human Hunter (video)"]. ''[[:en:The_Life_of_Mammals|The Life of Mammals]]''. BBC. [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211104/826HMLoiE_o Archived] from the original on 4 November 2021.</ref> E fa setshwantsho sa kafa motho wa bogologolo a ka tswang a ne a latelela le go tshwara diphologolo ka gone a sa dirise dibetsa tse dintsi. Motseletsele wa Setheo sa Phasalatso sa Borithane (BBC) wa [[:en:How_Art_Made_the_World|Kafa Botaki bo Dirileng Lefatshe ka Gone (''How Art Made the World)'']] (wa ngwaga ya 2005) o bapisa [[:en:Rock_art_of_the_Bushmen|ditshwantsho tsa logaga tsa Basarwa]] tsa dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi tse di fetileng le [[:en:Ice_Age_art|ditshwantsho tsa karolo e kgolo ya lefatshe e e nang le mafatshe a le mantsi ya Europe tsa Paleolithic]] tse di nang le dingwaga di le dikete di le lesome le bone.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/howartmadetheworld/episodes/pictures/san/ "How Art Made the World. Episodes . The Day Pictures Were Born. The San People of South Africa"]. ''www.pbs.org''. Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref> Ka ntlha ya go tshwana ga tsone, ditiro tsa Basarwa di ka bontsha mabaka a ditshwantsho tsa bogologolo tsa magaga. Mogasi [[:en:Nigel_Spivey|Nigel Spivey]] o dirisa thata tiro ya ga Moporofesara [[:en:David_Lewis-Williams|David Lewis-Williams]],<ref>[http://6b3b522e7deee17dda23e86c6926e2f6.nmcoberturas.com.br/ "Download How Art Made the World (Hardback) - Common ePub eBook @6B3B522E7DEEE17DDA23E86C6926E2F6.NMCOBERTURAS.COM.BR".] ''6b3b522e7deee17dda23e86c6926e2f6.nmcoberturas.com.br''. Retrieved 26 May 2020.</ref> yo maemo a a kwa godimo a thuto ya Mmadikolo ya PhD ya gagwe e neng e na le setlhogo se se reng "Go Dumela le go Bona (Believing and Seeing): Bokao jwa tshwantshetso mo ditshwantshong tsa matlapa tsa kwa borwa jwa Basarwa". Lewis-Williams o tshwantsha dikamano magareng ga botaki jwa pele ga ditso mo lefatsheng lotlhe, a bo a bo golaganya le dingwao tsa shaman le maemo a go tsenwa ke tlhaloganyo (trance). == Ditshwantsho tse di tsamayang tse di gatisitsweng ka setsayaditshwantso le mmino == [[Setshwantsho:Rock painting in Twyfelfontein3.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se se takilweng mo lefikeng sa monna mo mokgatšheng wa Twyfelfontein]] Setshwantsho se se tsamayang se gatisiwa ka setsayaditshwantso sa ngwaga wa 1969, [[:en:Lost_in_the_Desert|Go latlhega mo sekakeng (Lost in the Desert)]], se bontsha mosimane yo monnye, yo o latlhegileng mo sekakeng, yo o kopanang le setlhopha sa Basarwa ba ba kgarakgatshegang. Ba mo thusa mme morago ba mo latlhe ka ntlha ya go sa tlhaloganye mo go bakilweng ke go tlhoka puo le setso se se tshwanang. Setshwantsho se se tsamayang se gatisiwa ka setsayaditshwantso se ne se laolwa ke [[:en:Jamie_Uys|Jamie Uys]], yo o neng a boela kwa Basarweng morago ga dingwaga di le lesome ka [[:en:The_Gods_Must_Be_Crazy|Medimo e tshwanetse ya bo e dira dilo tse di sa tlwaelegang (The Gods Must Be Crazy)]], e e neng ya itshupa e le katlego ya boditšhabatšhaba. Metlae e e bontsha kopano ya ntlha ya setlhopha sa Basarwa ba Kalahari le [[:en:Cultural_artifact|sediriswa]] se se dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa lefatsheng le le kwa ntle (lebotlolo la [[:en:Coca-Cola|Coca-Cola]]). Ka nako ya fa setshwantsho se se tsamayang se gatisiwa ka setsayaditshwantso se e ne se dirwa, ba ǃKung ba ne ba sa tswa go patelediwa go tsena mo metseng e e sa direng sepe, mme Basarwa ba ba neng ba thapilwe jaaka badiragatsi ba ne ba tlhakantswe tlhogo ke ditaelo tsa go diragatsa dipheteletso tse di sa nepagalang tsa botshelo jwa bone jwa go tsoma le go phutha jo bo batlileng bo tlogetswe.<ref>''[[:en:Nǃai,_the_Story_of_a_ǃKung_Woman|Nǃai, the Story of a ǃKung Woman]].'' Documentary Educational Resources and Public Broadcasting Associates, 1980.</ref> "[[:en:Eh_Hee|Eh Hee]]" ka [[:en:Dave_Matthews_Band|Dave Matthews Band]] e kwadilwe jaaka go tsosa mmino le setso sa Basarwa. Mo kgannyeng e e neng ya bolelelwa bareetsi ba [[:en:Radio_City_Music_Hall|Radio City]] (mofuta o o rulagantsweng wa yone o tlhagelela mo mofuteng wa sedirisiwa sa polokelo ya tshedimosetso sa DVD wa [[:en:Live_at_Radio_City|Live at Radio City]]), Matthews o gakologelwa a utlwa mmino wa Basarwa mme, fa a botsa mokaedi wa gagwe gore mafoko a dipina tsa bone ke afe, o ne a bolelelwa gore "ga go na mafoko a dipina tseo, ka gonne dipina tseo, re ne re ntse re di opela pele ha batho ba nna le mafoko." O tswelela ka go tlhalosa pina eo e le "tlotlo ya gagwe ya go kopana le... batho ba ba gatetseng pele thata mo lefatsheng le legolo la legodimo le le dikologang naledi kgotsa letsatsi." === Buka ya maitemogelo a motho === [[Setshwantsho:Giraffe, Twyfelfontein.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se se gabilweng mo lefikeng sa thutlwa mo mokgatšheng wa Twyfelfontein]] Mo bukeng ya maitemogelo a ga [[:en:Peter_Godwin_(writer)|Peter Godwin]] [[:en:When_a_Crocodile_Eats_the_Sun|''Fa Kwena e Ja Letsatsi ( When a Crocodile Eats the Sun,)'']], o umaka nako ya gagwe e a e feditseng le Basarwa go dira kabelo nngwe. Setlhogo sa gagwe se tswa mo tumelong ya Basarwa ya gore phifalo ya letsatsi e diragala fa kwena e ja letsatsi.[<nowiki/>[[:en:Wikipedia:Citation_needed|nopolo e a tlhokega]]] === Dipadi === Dipadi tse pedi tsa ga [[:en:Laurens_van_der_Post|Laurens van der Post]], ''Kgang e e Tshwanang le Phefo (A Story Like The Wind)'' (ya ngwaga wa 1972) le tatelano ya yona, Lefelo le le Kgakala ( ''A Far Off Place)''( ya ngwaga wa 1974), tse di dirilweng setshwantsho se se tsamayang se gatisiwa ka setsayaditshwantso sa ngwaga wa 1993, di bua ka ga mosimane wa mosweu yo o kopanang le Mosarwa yo o kgarakgatshegang le mosadi wa gagwe, le ka fa botshelo jwa Basarwa le bokgoni jwa go itshedisa bo bolokang batho ba sekaka.[<nowiki/>[[:en:Wikipedia:Citation_needed|nopolo e a tlhokega]]] [[:en:The_Covenant_(novel)|''Kgolagano ( The Covenant'']]'')'' ya ga [[:en:James_A._Michener|James A. Michener]] ( ya ngwaga wa 1980) ke tiro ya ditshedimoso tsa nnete tsa ditso e e totileng lefatshe la Aforika Borwa. Karolo ya ntlha ya buka e amana le loeto lwa morafe wa Basarwa lo lo neng lwa simololwa mo e ka nnang ka dingwaga di le dikete di le lesome le boraro Pele ga Motlha wa Rona (13 000 BCE). Mo pading ya ga [[:en:Wilbur_Smith|Wilbur Smith]] ya [[:en:The_Burning_Shore|The Burning Shore]] (karolo mo [[:en:Courtneys_of_Africa_book_series|motseletseleng wa dibuka tsa Courtneys of Africa]]), batho ba Basarwa ba tlhagisiwa ka badiragatsi ba bagolo ba babedi, O'wa le H'ani; Smith o tlhalosa dikgaratlho tsa Basarwa, ditso tsa bone, le ditumelo tsa bone ka botlalo jo bogolo. Baanelwa ba Basarwa le bone ba tlhagelela mo dibukeng tsa gagwe tse dingwe tse dintsi, gantsi ba dira jaaka balatedi le dikaelo tsa badiragatsi ba bagolo ba ga Smith.[<nowiki/>[[:en:Wikipedia:Citation_needed|nopolo e a tlhokega]]] Padi ya ga [[:en:Norman_Rush|Norman Rush]] ya ngwaga wa 1991 ya [[:en:Mating_(novel)|Mating]] e bontsha kampa ya Basarwa gaufi le toropo ya lefatshe la Botswana (ya kakanyo) kwa tirokgolo e beilweng teng.[<nowiki/>[[:en:Wikipedia:Citation_needed|nopolo e a tlhokega]]] Motseletsele wa dipadi tsa ga [[:en:Tad_Williams|Tad Williams]] tse di kgang e kgolo e e bogale tsa [[:en:Otherland|Otherland]] o bontsha Mosarwa wa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa yo o bidiwang ǃXabbu, yo Williams a ipolelang gore o itlhametswe thata, mme e seng kemedi e e nepagetseng. Mo pading, Williams o bitsa dintlha tsa diiinane le setso sa Basarwa.[<nowiki/>[[:en:Wikipedia:Citation_needed|nopolo e a tlhokega]]] Ka ngwaga wa 2007, [[:en:David_Gilman_(writer)|David Gilman]] o ne a gatisa buka ya ''Mowa wa ga Diabolo'' (''The Devil's Breath)''. Mongwe wa baanelwabagolo, e ne ele mosimane yo monnye wa Mosarwa yo o bidiwang ǃKoga, o dirisa mekgwa ya setso go thusa moanelwa Max Gordon go kgabaganya lefatshe la Namibia.[<nowiki/>[[:en:Wikipedia:Citation_needed|nopolo e a tlhokega]]] Alexander McCall Smith o kwadile motseletsele wa dipadi tsa ditiragalo tse di diragetseng kwa Gaborone, motsemogolo wa lefatshe la Botswana. Molekane wa moanelwamogolo wa motseletsele wa [[:en:The_No._1_Ladies'_Detective_Agency|Setheo sa Matseka sa Basadi sa ntlha ( ''The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency)'']] Rre J. L. B. Matekoni, o godisa bana ba babedi ba masiela ba Basarwa, kgaitsadie le morwarraagwe Motholeli le Puso.[<nowiki/>[[:en:Wikipedia:Citation_needed|nopolo e a tlhokega]]] Basarwa ba tlhagelela mo dipading di le mmalwa tsa ga Michael Stanley (leina la ga Michael Sears le Stanley Trollip), bogolosegolo mo go Loso lwa Seleetswane (''Death of the Mantis)''. Mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:Christopher_Hope_(novelist)|Christopher Hope]] ya ''Darkest England'', mogaka wa Mosarwa, David Mungo Booi, o fiwa tiro ke batho ba morafe ka ene go kopa Kgosigadi tshireletso e a kileng a e solofetsa, le go sekaseka kgonagalo ya go tlhama kolone mo setlhaketlhakeng. O ne a ribolola lefatshe la Engelane ka mokgwa wa batlhotlhomisi ba Bophirima ba lekgolo la lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga.[<nowiki/>[[:en:Wikipedia:Citation_needed|nopolo e a tlhokega]]] == Batho ba ba tlhomologileng == === ǃkung === * Nǃxau ǂToma * Segosi === Gǁana === * Roy Sesana [[Setshwantsho:!Kweiten-ta ken (also known as Rachel or Griet) 1870s.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa ga ǃKweiten-ta-ǁKen fa a ne a le kwa lefelong la Mowbray ka ngwaga wa 1874 go fitlhela ngwaga wa 1875]] === lxam === * Dia!kwane * ǁkabo ǃkweiten-le-Ken === ǂKhomani kgotsa Nǁnǂe === * Dawid Kruiper (yo o buang Sekhoekhoe) * Elsie Vaalbooi (yo o buang Se-Nǁng) * Katrina Esau (yo o buang Se-Nǁng) === Naro === * Cg'ose Ntcox'o * Coexʼae Qgam == Bona gape == * [[:en:First_People_of_the_Kalahari|Batho ba Ntlha ba Kalahari]] * [[:en:Kalahari_Debate|Kganetsano ya Kalahari]] * [[:en:Khoisan|Basarwa]] * [[:en:Negro_of_Banyoles|Negro ya Banyoles]] * [[:en:Botswanan_art#San_art|Botaki jwa Botswana § Botaki jwa Basarwa]] * [[:en:Strandloper_(people)|Strandloper]] * [[:en:Vaalpens|Vaalpens]] * [[:en:Contemporary_San_Art|Botaki jwa Segompieno]] * [[:en:!Khwa_ttu|!Kwa ttu]] * [[:en:Contemporary_San_art|Botaki jwa segompieno]] == Dintlha == Bakanoki bangwe ba ganetsa gore ngwao le boitshupo ga di ka ke tsa tsewa e le tse di tlhomameng kgotsa tse di sa fetogeng, segolobogolo mo pakeng e telele jaana .<ref>Pargeter, Justin; Mackay, Alex; Mitchell, Peter; Shea, John; Stewart, Brian (2016). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/abs/primordialism-and-the-pleistocene-san-of-southern-africa/45D6E61597C34A496AB5A0B6FA1C7632 "Primordialism and the 'Pleistocene San' of southern Africa]". ''Antiquity''. '''90''' (352).</ref> ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Botswana]] a8w2vuq9ls5mxrw57cbefz6audtt8t5 Folaga ya Botswana 0 3164 53447 52463 2026-07-28T08:33:00Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53447 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the President of Botswana.svg|thumb|right|200px|Seelo sa Tautona wa Botswana]] '''Folaga ya setshaba ya [[Botswana]]''' e na e ena le mmala o o botala jwa loapi le o o kgabaganyang folaga ka bogare ole montsho , le o o mosweu. E simolotse go dirisiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro go emelela Union Jack, e sale e nna folaga ya Botswana fa e sale lefatshe le tsaya boipuso ngwaga one o o. Ke nngwe ya difolaga tsa [[Aferika|Aforika]] di le mmalwa tse di sa diriseng mebala ya letsholo la [[Aferika|Aforika]] o o kopaneng kgotsa mebala ya phathi e e busang ya sepolotiki. == Popego == [[Setshwantsho:Flag of Botswana (construction sheet).svg|left|thumb|Pampiri ya go dira folaga ya Botswana]] Folaga e e dikhutlonne e, e supiwa fa e na le dipalo tsa bobedi mo borarong.<ref name=":0">[[:en:Dorling_Kindersley|DK]] (19 May 2014). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=Qwd8BgAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y ''Complete Flags of the World: The Ultimate Pocket Guide''.] DK. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-3405-0|<bdi>978-1-4654-3405-0</bdi>.]]</ref> Lotso ke ntlha e e botlhokwa ya folaga e.<ref>Kgalemang, Malebogo (2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250123125836/http://alternation.ukzn.ac.za/Files/articles/special-editions/36/11-kgalemang.pdf "Ethnic Reasoning and the Making of the Nation of Botswana"] (PDF). ''Alternation: Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa''. doi:[https://web.archive.org/web/20250123125836/http://alternation.ukzn.ac.za/Files/articles/special-editions/36/11-kgalemang.pdf 10.29086/2519-5476/2020/sp36a11]. eISSN&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:2519-5476 2519-5476]. ISSN&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1023-1757 1023-1757]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240710032012/http://alternation.ukzn.ac.za/Files/articles/special-editions/36/11-kgalemang.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 10 July 2024.</ref> E dirilwe go farologana le folaga ya [[Aforika Borwa]] ka nako ya puso ya tlhaolele.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20250123125836/http://alternation.ukzn.ac.za/Files/articles/special-editions/36/11-kgalemang.pdf Kgalemang 2020,] p.&nbsp;261.</ref> Mmala wa botala jwa loapi o amangwa le loapi le metsi ka a a tlhaela.<ref name=":1" /> Moono wa lefatshe, Pula, o raya metsi, pula le botshelo jo bo tswang mo go yone.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">[[:en:Whitney_Smith|Smith, Whitney]] (13 November 2018). [https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Botswana "Flag of Botswana"]. [[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|''Britannica''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20240227013551/https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Botswana Archived] from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> Mmala o montsho le o mosweu e na raya dilo tse pedi tse di farologaneng. Santlha e emetse kagiso le tirisanommogo gareng ga batho ba ditso tse di farologaneng ba ba nnang mo Botswana, ga mmogo le pharologanyo ya ditso mo Botswana. Sa bobedi e emetse pitse ya naga e e leng sekano sa lefatshe la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> == Ditso == [[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|thumb|Union Jack e ne e le folaga ya Botswana pele ga boipuso]] Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano, lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le ne la nna mo tlhokomelong ya Great Britain mo bogosing jwa lone jwa kolone, ka leina la Bechuanaland Protectorate. Se se diragetse morago ga baeteledipele ba [[Batswana]] ba sena go kopa ba bo ba buisana le ba Britain go ba sireletsa kgatlhanong le Maburu, ba ba neng ba sutlhela mo lefatsheng la bone go tswa kwa lefatsheng le le mabapi la [[South African Republic]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Botswana/History "History of Botswana".] The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. [[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|Britannica.]] Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> Lefatshe la Bechuanaland le tsere boipuso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro, lefatshe le lesha la fiwa leina la Botswana.<ref name=":2" /> Folaga e ntsha e ne ya fofisiwa bosigogare ka Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro, letsatsi le Botswana a tsereng boipuso ka lone, go nna lefatshe le le ikemetseng.<ref>Paine, David J. (29 September 1966). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=22pYAAAAIBAJ&pg=952,6065474&dq=flag+of+botswana&hl=en "New nation raises flag".] [[:en:Regina_Leader-Post|''The Leader-Post''.]] Regina. Associated Press. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230623162420/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=22pYAAAAIBAJ&pg=952,6065474&dq=flag+of+botswana&hl=en Archived] from the original on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> E dirilwe gore e farologane le ya [[Aforika Borwa]], ka ntlha ya tsamaiso ya puso ya tlhaolele ya lefatshen leo. Ke nngwe ya difolaga di se kae mo Aforika tse di sa diriseng mebala ya letsholo la Aforika o o kopaneng kgotsa mebala ya phathi ya polotiki e e busang.<ref name=":0" /> Go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro, folaga ya Botswana e ne e le jeke ya bokopano.<ref name=":3">[https://flagmakers.co.uk/media/jnlnuxeu/flag-of-botswana-a-brief-history-download.pdf "Flag of Botswana - A Brief History"] (PDF). ''Flagmakers''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240713011438/https://flagmakers.co.uk/media/jnlnuxeu/flag-of-botswana-a-brief-history-download.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 13 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> Mo molaong wa Britain, go ne go sena folaga e e tlhomamisitsweng, letshwao la lefatshe le ntswa go ne go na le sekano.<ref>[https://flagmakers.co.uk/media/jnlnuxeu/flag-of-botswana-a-brief-history-download.pdf Flagmakers,] p.&nbsp;2.</ref> == Tsamaiso == Tetla go tswa kwa pusong e a tlhokega go fofisa folaga.<ref name=":3" /> Kopo ya semmuso e tshwanetse go romelwa kwa mokwaleding mogolo wa ofisi ya ga tautona.<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/sale-goods-and-services/use-national-emblems "Use of National Emblems"]. Government of Botswana. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240305130748/https://www.gov.bw/sale-goods-and-services/use-national-emblems Archived] from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> Go laelwa gore folaga e seka ya kgoma fa fatshe, le go netefatsa gore e ema ka tlhamalalo ka dinako tsotlhe. Go laelwa gape gore go salwe morago tsamaiso ya go e pega maphakela le go e folosa maitseboa. Melao gape e laela go fofisetsa folaga fa tlase go supa go nna mo sbakeng sa kutlo botlhoko kgotsa go supa tlotla. Fa folaga e senyega, go nna le moletlo wa go e tshuba. Fa go sa kgonagale gore e tshubiwe, go laelwa gore e latlhiwe ka tsela e e supang tlotla.<ref>[https://www.rjtravelagency.com/flag-of-botswana/ "Flag of Botswana in 2024 § National Flag Etiquette and Protocol".] ''RJ Travel Agency''. 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240713011753/https://www.rjtravelagency.com/flag-of-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 13 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == *[[Folaga ya Tanzania]] == Metswedi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Botswana, Flag of}} [[Category:Ditshwantsho tsa lefatshe la Botswana]] [[Category:Folaga tsa Lefatshe]] 2so2a5obe320c9pwcik6mmnidazxrse Vee Mampeezy 0 6501 53403 51875 2026-07-27T20:33:13Z MmaBaggio 11091 53403 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Odirile Ishmael Sento''', o itsegeng ka maina a '''Vee, Vee Mampeezy and Mampeezy''', ke mo opedi wa [[Botswana]] gape ke moeteledi pele le mokwadi wa Lamalanga le Black Money Makers records.<ref>{{cite web|title=Botswana-born showbiz millionaires|url=http://botswanaunplugged.com/3845/botswana-born-showbiz-millionaires/|access-date=13 January 2018|website=botswanaunplugged.com|publisher=botswanaunplugged|archive-date=13 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113202947/http://botswanaunplugged.com/3845/botswana-born-showbiz-millionaires/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Vee brand grows|url=http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/lifestyle/item/3730-vee-brand-grows.html|access-date=13 January 2018|website=thepatriot.co.bw|publisher=the patriot|archive-date=13 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113150238/http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/lifestyle/item/3730-vee-brand-grows.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mokgwa wa go itshetsa le tswelelopele == Vee o ne a golola pina ya gagwe ya ntlha ya "Taku Taku" ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone. Alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha e ne ya gololwa ka fa tlase ga setudio sa Black Money Makers, mme moragonyana ya fudugela kwa direkotong tsa Eric Ramco.<ref>[http://rudeboynecta.blogspot.com/2009/05/odirile-sento-aka-vee.html "Vee's first album".] ''Botswana Unplugged''. Rudeboy Nectar. 22 May 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2017</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome Odirile Sento o ne a senola gore ke Mokeresete yo o tsetsweng sesha.<ref>Writer, GASEBALWE SERETSE Staff (6 August 2010). "'I am a born-again Christian'- Vee". ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 14 September 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano Odirile o ne a dirisana le Scripture Union Botswana go thusa go anamisa lefoko la Modimo mo dikolong.<ref>editor, Online (29 March 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20251009074356/https://www.sundaystandard.info/call-me-ocybrother-veeoco-not-ocyprophet-veeoco-odirile-sento/ "Call me 'Brother Vee' not 'Prophet Vee'- Odirile Sento | Sunday Standard".] Retrieved 14 September 2024</ref>{{Infobox musical artist|years_active=2001–present|label=Black Money Makers|genre={{hlist|[[Funk]]|[[House music|House]]|[[Kwaito]]|Traditional}}|instrument=Vocal|associated_acts={{hlist|Mingo Touch|Veezo View|Dr Tawanda|Eskimos|Dj Kuchi|[[DJ LaTimmy]]|[[Khuli Chana]]}}|birth_place=[[Hukuntsi]], [[Botswana]]}} ==Botshelo jwa senamana== O ne a nyetse Kagiso Ruth Ludo Sento fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone mme o na le bana ba le babedi.<ref>Mathala, Sharon (7 October 2022). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/why-vee-mampeezy-is-divorcing-kagiso/news "Why Vee Mampeezy is divorcing Kagiso"]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 14 September 2024.</ref> Banyalani bano ba ne ba tlhalana ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ele dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi.<ref>Radio, Nehanda (8 October 2022). [https://nehandaradio.com/2022/10/08/why-botswana-singer-vee-mampeezy-is-divorcing-wife-kagiso-sento/ "Why Botswana singer Vee Mampeezy is divorcing wife Kagiso Sento".] ''Nehanda Radio''. Retrieved 14 September 2024.</ref> O mo kgolaganong le Sphalaphala sa ga Marothi. == Discography == === Tse di nosi === * ''Taku Taku'' (2004) * ''Stimela'' (2008) * ''Zaza'' (2010) * ''Vee'' (2011-2012) * ''Crossroads'' (2012) * ''I Do'' (2016) * ''Champion'' (2017) * Dumalana (2019) * Dololo (2019) * Moya (2022) ==== Motseletsele ==== * ''Introloction'' (2001)<ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=7&aid=115&dir=2007/April/Tuesday3 "Vee, Discography"]. ''Mmegi online''. Sidney Baitsile. 3 April 2007. Retrieved 21 August 2017</ref> * ''Lamalanga'' (2003) * ''Kasi Angels'' (2004) * ''Ntja Mme'' (2005) * ''Ditshipi Tsame'' (2006) * ''Kasiology'' (2007) * ''Stimela'' (2008) * ''Everybady'' (2009) * ''Supernatural Vol1'' (2013) * ''Supernatural Vol2'' (2014) * ''Supernatural Vol3'' (2015) == Diawate le ditlhopho == * Metro FM award 2017 * One Africa award, album - I Do == Bona gape == * [[Sasa Klaas]] * [[:en:Khuli_Chana|Khuli Chana]] * [[Charma Gal]] * [[Ross Branch]] == Metswedi== <references /> [[Karolo:Matsalo a 1983]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Dithopha tsa mmino tsa Botswana]] [[Karolo:Diopedi tsa Botswana tsa borre]] sztv1bdrqu5w8t6wbovl1h4jahsrxdb Wikipedia ya Setswana 0 7338 53416 26944 2026-07-27T23:55:27Z ~2026-41868-44 13027 Removed redirect to [[Wikipedia]] 53416 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wikipedia ya Setswana''' ke [[Tswana]] mofuta wa [[Wikipedia]]. == Dikgokagano tsa kwa ntle == [https://tn.wikipedia.org Webosaete] __FORCETOC__ __INDEX__ __NEWSECTIONLINK__ af01m018nuykt6lcg5hty4oasw6b8et Unity Dow 0 8304 53344 53275 2026-07-27T12:02:46Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Law and activism" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358461802|Unity Dow]]" 53344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Unity Dow|office=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Botswana)|Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]|image=Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6269953840.jpg|alt=Photograph of an African woman in a grey brocaded suit standing in front of a backdrop depicting a group of African women in blue dresses, while giving a speech. She is wearing a geometrically patterned beaded neck collar, has a yellow device in her right hand, and is pointing with her left index finger to the left of the stage.|caption=Dow in 2011|predecessor=[[Vincent T. Seretse]]|president=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|successor=[[Lemogang Kwape]]|term_start=2 November 2019|term_end=26 August 2020|majority2=193 (1.66%)|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Kgatleng West]]|predecessor2=''new constituency''|party=[[Botswana Congress Party]]|birth_name=Unity Diswai|birth_date={{birth date and age|1959|4|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Mochudi]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (now [[Botswana]]|spouse={{Marriage|Peter Nathan Dow|7 March 1984}}<br/> Karl J. Stahl{{sfn|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology|2008}}|children=3|alma_mater=[[University of Botswana and Swaziland]] ([[LLB]])<br>[[University of Edinburgh]]|profession=Lawyer, judge, politician, writer, and human rights activist}} '''Unity Dow''' (née '''Diswai'''; o tshotswe ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro 1959) ke mmueledi wa [[Botswana|Motswana]]<sup>[<nowiki/>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|N]]</sup><sup>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|opolo 1]]]</sup>, mokwadi, [[molweladitshwanelo tsa batho]] le [[Leloko la Palamente]] la [[Kgatleng Bophirima]] e sale ka Ngwanatsele 2024. O kile a nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] le mo phateng a a farologaneng a Botswana. O tsholetswe kwa [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] ke moroki le molemimorui, ba ba neng ba gatelela gore bana ba bone ba bone thuto, Dow o goletse mo motseng wa setso wa legae pele ga ditlhabololo tsa segompieno. O ne a bona thuto ya molao ka 1983 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]], le fa dithuto tsa gagwe di ne tsa wediwa kwa Swaziland le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], kwa Scotland, ka Botswana a ne a sena sekolo sa molao ka nako eo. Fa a sena go aloga, Dow o ne a bula kantoro ya ntlha ya molao e le ya basadi gotlhe mo Botswana mme ka 1997 a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya lefatshe leo. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo tirong ya molao, Dow o ne a amega mo dikgetsing di le tharo tsa ditso mo Botswana. Ka 1992, e ne e le mongongoregi mo kgetsing e e botlhokwa ya semolao, ''[[Unity Dow v Attorney-Genera]]''l, e e neng ya fedisa go tlhaola batho ka bong mo [[melaong ya bosetšhaba]] ya setšhaba e pele e neng e sa letle bana go bona bosetšhaba mo go bommaabone ba ba nyetsweng. Kgetse e ne ya bonela Dow tebelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba mme ya tsosa lekhubu la diphetogo tse di fedisang go sa lekalekane ga bong mo melaong ya bosetšhaba go ralala Aforika. Ka 2006, jaaka moatlhodi yo o okametseng kgetse ya ga ''Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana'', Dow o ne a atlhola kgatlhanong le ditiro tsa puso tsa go thibela [[batho ba tlholego ba Basarwa]] go nna le go tsoma mo [[mafelong a borraabonemogologolwane]], mme seo sa ba pateletsa go nna gape kwa ntle ga [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]]. O ne a atlhola gore puso e tshwanetse go busetsa ditirelo tsa motheo, e letle Basarwa go boela mo lefatsheng le go bona ditetla tsa go tsoma, le go duela ditshenyegelo mo go ba ba fudusitsweng ka dikgoka fa ba ka tlhopha go se boele. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi wa semolao wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetseng ya bone ya go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa Lephateng la Kwadiso ya Matsalo mme ba atlega go amogela katlholo ya gore puso e letle mokgatlho o kwadisiwe. Dow o ne a tlhophiwa la ntlha go tsena mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 2014, fa a ne a tlhophiwa ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] jaaka mopalamente yo o itlhophetsweng. O ne a tlhomiwa la ntlha go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mme ka 2015 a nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso. Morago ga moo o ne a dira jaaka Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo, Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo, le Tona ya Merero ya mafatshe a sele, pele ga a nna moeteledipele wa [[lemorago]] ka 2020. O dirile mo dikhuduthamageng le dikomiting di le mmalwa tsa boditšhabatšhaba, a sekaseka tiriso ya melao e e amang ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa [[Kenya]], [[Palastina]], [[Rwanda]] le [[Sierra Leone]]. Ka 2000, Dow o ne a simolola go gatisa dipadi, ka tlwaelo o ne a lebile dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le ditlamorago tsa tsone mo dipopegong tsa bong le tsa maatla. Dibuka tse di sekaseka mekgwa ya loago le go dirisa batho botlhaswa ka go ba sotlaka, go dirisa dikgoka le go gatelela ditshwanelo tsa batho. O amogetse dikakgolo le ditlotla di le dintsi ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go thusa batho, go akaretsa le [[Legion of Honor]] ka 2010. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Unity Dow o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1959 mo motseng wa [[Mochudi]], mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|kgaolong ya Kgatleng]], mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]] le ka nako eo e neng ele [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]]<ref name=":0">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi 2012]], p. 248.</ref><ref name=":15">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p. 34.</ref> mo batsading ba gagwe Phiri le Maefshane Diswai (ba ba itsegeng gape ka leina la Moses le Ellen Diswai), ditlogolwana tsa merafe ya tlholego ya [[Basarwa]] le maloko a merafe ya Bakgatla. Motseselegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sa tshelwa ditsela, motlakase le metsi a a elang. Go ne go sena mesokelatsebeng e bile o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bonana, le fa e le thelebishene go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 48.</ref><ref name=":1">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFEllis2012|Ellis 2012.]]</ref> Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme e seng Seesemane.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2007|''Sunday Standard'' 2007.]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 49.</ref> Rraagwe, yo o neng a bereka mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua le go bala Seesemane.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNarloch2012|Narloch 2012]], p. 3.</ref> Fa rraagwe a ne a le kwa sekolong, o ne a gapa thuso ya madi a go tsena [[Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare]], mme thuso eo e ne ya newa morwa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Mo batsading ba gagwe ka bobedi, thuto e ne ya nna selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa yunibesithi.<ref name=":3" /> Dithuto tsa bone tsa [[Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelega mo metseselegaeng ya Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":2" /> Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ka gonne go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Borithane o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona digerata ya gagwe ya [[Bachelor of Laws]] ka 1983 kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_Edinburgh2010|University of Edinburgh 2010.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], pp. 49–50.</ref> == Molao le bolweladitshwanelo == === Tiro ya gagwe ya pele (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6266756376.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Unity Dow]] Diswai o ne a bona dithutego tsa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go bereka kwa dikantorong tsa [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana]] e le mosekisi wa melato ya borukutlhi kwa [[Gaborone]]. O nyalane le moagi wa Amerika, Peter Nathan Dow, ka Mopitlo a supa 1984. Banyalani ba ba ne ba nna kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1986, Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong e e ikemetseng ka nosi e e neng e dira tiro ya molao wa bosenyi, mme a bula feme ya Dow Malakaila, e leng feme ya ntlha ya molao ya basadi-botlhe mo lefatsheng leo. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa bomme mo Botswana sa [[Emang Basadi]] (Emela Basadi ka dinao). Ka 1988, leina la feme le ne la fetolwa moragonyana go nna Dow Lesetedi and Company.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSegwai2008|Segwai 2008.]]</ref><ref name=":4" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a simolola mmogo mokgatlho wa Basadi le Molao mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WLSA) go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dikgetsi.<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka 1988 go fitlha ka 1991, Dow o ne a direla WLSA dipatlisiso, a thusa go wetsa thutopatlisiso ya kgaolo ka ga ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi mo mafatsheng a le marataro tse di mabapi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> Ka 1990, o thusitse go tlhoma Lefelo la Tshedimosetso la Basadi la Metlhaetsile go rotloetsa thuto ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1990, Dow o ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolong ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagi wa 1984, ke fela [[bana ba ba seng ka fa molaong]] ba ba neng ba ka bona bosetšhaba ka mmaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1992|Quansah 1992]], p. 196.</ref> Ka bana ba gagwe ba le babedi mo go ba le bararo le Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa tsewe e le Batswana.<ref name=":6">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 294.</ref> Ka go boifa gore go ka nna le kgonagalo ya gore fa tetla ya ga Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng e felelwa ke nako ka 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ka nna la patelesega go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola kgetsi ya [[Unity Dow v Attorney-General]] a latofatsa gore Molao wa Boagi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefadiwa le go sotlakakwa mo go seng mo sethong. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela e ema Dow nokeng e dumalana gore molao o ama tlhopho ya gagwe e e gololesegileng ya gore o tla nyala mang, o ka mo pateletsa go kgaogana le lelwapa la gagwe fa ditetlelelo tsa bonno tsa monna wa gagwe le bana ba gagwe di sa ntšhwafadiwe, mme o ne o tlhaola.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColdham1992|Coldham 1992]], pp. 91–92.</ref> === Tiro ya magareng (1991–2009) === Dow o ne a tsere sebaka sa dingwaga di le pedi a beetse tiro ya gagwe ya molao kwa tlhoko ka 1991 ka ntlha ya kgetse e mme ka nako eo, o ne a simolola mmogo Sekolo se se botlana sa Baobob kwa Gaborone le AIDS Action Trust.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColumbia_Law_School2009|Columbia Law School 2009.]]</ref> O ne a dira jaaka mogokaganyi wa WLSA go tloga ka 1992 go fitlha ka 1994,<ref name=":5" /> fa boikuelo jwa kgetse ya gagwe bo santse bo letilwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo, ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya nganga gore go tlhaola basadi go sireleditswe ke dipeelo tsa molaomotheo go somarela dingwao tsa setso tsa Botswana, e e neng e le setšhaba sa [[losika lwa borre]].<ref name=":6" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 190–191.</ref> Mmueledi Mogolo le ene o ne a ganela gore Dow o ne a na le maitsetsepelo, a bolela gore ene ka boene ga a a utlwisiwa botlhoko ke sepe.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 190.</ref> [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Tautona ya Baatlhodi [[Austin Amissah]], e ne ya swetsa ka gore kgethololo ya bong e thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ka se fete dipeelo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse Botswana e neng e na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le modumedi wa tsone.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 295.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 196.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya maitsetsepelo, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go na le kgonagalo ya gore a ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne a gobaditswe, mme go kgaogana le ba lelwapa la gagwe go tla bo go nyenyefatsa le go tlhoka setho.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 200–201.</ref> Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa katlholo ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditseko ka diphetogo tse dinnye, ya bolela gore Dikarolo tsa bone le botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagi ga di dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 189.</ref> Ka ntlha ya katlholo e e botlhokwa e, ka 1995 Molao wa Boagi o ne wa baakanngwa go tlosa go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go boneng bosetšhaba mo Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 50.</ref> Katlholo e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go ralala Aforika go gatelela phetogo mo melaong ya bone ya bosetšhaba le go fedisa go sa lekalekane ga bong, mme seno sa felela ka gore mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa mafatshe a Aforika a baakanye melao ya bosetšhaba ka 2010.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPailey2020|Pailey 2020]], p. 1839.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 48.</ref> Go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 1998, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mokaedi wa Setheo sa Tshedimosetso sa Basadi sa Metlhaetsile mme ka nako eo o ne a gatisa ''The Citizenship Case'' ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa kgetse ya gagwe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Ka 1996, o ne a dira mo kgetsing e e neng e amana le [[go tlhokomela bana]] e e neng ya felela ka gore go dirwe phetolo ya melao ya tshegetso, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa o ne a tlhagisa kgetse ka ga [[bolwetse jwa basadi ba ba itewang]], a tsaya gore tseno ke dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo basading.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDavis2014|Davis 2014]], p. 227.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kwa kgotlatshekelong ka Firikgong 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetlho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go dira jaaka moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko.<ref name=":16">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi]] 2012, p. 249.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , Dow o ne a dira jaaka karolo ya thomo ya [[Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le [[Charlotte Abaka]] wa Mo-Ghana, yo e kileng ya bo e le modulasetilo wa [[Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref name=":7">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDivision_for_the_Advancement_of_Women2004|Division for the Advancement of Women 2004]], p. 8.</ref> [[Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya Middle East Technical University ya Bong le Basadi; kwa [[Ankara]], kwa Turkey;<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBianet2019|Bianet 2019.]]</ref> [[Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre kwa [[Accra]];<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBowman2019|Bowman 2019]], p. 4.</ref> le Moaforika Borwa, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]], moporofesara wa molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|Yunibesithing ya Pennsylvania]] [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|State]].<ref name=":7" /> Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna molaodi wa [[Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong ao ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref name=":12">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLazaroff2012|Lazaroff 2012]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro , o ne a tlhophiwa go direla mo komiting e kgolo ya Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi le balaodi ba le barataro ba ba boelelang le maloko a mararo a masha, go akaretsa le ene, [[Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa [[Serbia]] le [[Raji Sourani]] wa [[Palastina]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPalestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights2006|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights 2006]].</ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo kgetsing ya ''[[Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa kwa Kgotleng Kgolo ya Ditsheko ka 2002 ke batho ba Basarwa<ref name=":10">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 103–104, 107.</ref> (ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwang batho ba naga ya Kalahari)<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa kgetsi mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le 241 ba ba neng ba tsena mo kgetsing fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e fedisa metsi mo lefelong leno la polokelo, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisa go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, le go leka go tlosa Basarwa ka dikgoka kwa ba nnang teng. Ba ne ba baakanya kgetse ya bone go akaretsa go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa naga go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong la tshireletso kwantle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya diteseletso tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref name=":10" /> Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka 2006, Dow o ne ya swetsa ka gore go fedisiwa ga ditirelo le go patelediwa go fudusiwa ga Basarwa go ne go emela tlolomolao ya tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaomotheo.<ref name=":5" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 108–109.</ref> O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ditshenyegelo di duelwe ba ba neng ba fudusitswe mme ba se na keletso ya go boa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 109.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro ba ne ba dumalana gore di ne di thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, ka le fa Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa Naga le ne le sa patelesege go ntsha diteseletso, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela ka nako e gape ba neng ba emisa mophako, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa batho ba Basarwa jwa go itshedisa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 115–117.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go dirisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 120.</ref> Kgetse e, go ya ka moporofesa wa molao Clement Ng'ong'ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana go amogela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba tlholego mo mafatsheng a borraabonemogologolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 121.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, Dow o ne a dira jaaka leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya Rwanda le go sekaseka gore lefatshe le ka tswa jang mo [[dikgotlhang]] tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya yone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo dikgetseng tsa [[polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba bo tshekiso e e sa tseeng letlhakore.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREF%C3%85hlund2007|Åhlund 2007]], p. 5.</ref><ref name=":11">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_South_Australia2009|University of South Australia 2009]].</ref> Nngwe ya dikgetsi tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le malebang le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la dino tse di tagang. Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome mararo mme kgetse e ne ya feleletsa e tholotswe.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a rola tiro mo setilong ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Yunibesithi ya Washington le Lee]] kwa [[Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a dira jaaka moporofesa yo o etileng kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" /> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010–gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , Dow o ne a tlhoma feme ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi eo o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[Tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong ya Nakwana e e Ikemetseng ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go diragatsa [[Molaomotheo]] o mosha wa Kenya.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNSW_Bar_Association2011|NSW Bar Association 2011]].</ref><ref name=":9" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe , o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetulo wa Komiti e kgolo ya Molaodi wa Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCrowe2011|Crowe 2011]].</ref> Mo ngwageng oo Dow o ne a simolola go dira le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo tse dingwe tsa [[batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa Omang tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 247–248.</ref> Ka nako eo kwa Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba baakanye ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dikwalong tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba ya kwa ofising ya Omang le kwadiso matsalo go fetola dikwalo tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go tla ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 244, 248.</ref> Ba ne ba kopa Dow go ba thusa, mme ene o ne a ikgolaganya le [[Setheo sa Ditsheko sa Aforika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le tshegetso ya madi.<ref name=":13">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], p. 248.</ref> Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla newa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke kgetse, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo kgetsing e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa dikgetse tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref name=":13" /><sup>[Nopolo ya boraro]</sup> Go fitlhelela seo, Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetsing ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya matsalo. Mokgatlho o ne o ganetswe ka go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Badiri le Merero ya Selegae, ka mabaka a gore ditiro tsa thatano ya bong di ne di se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng leo. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho go tlola tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore kgetse e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa thobalano, mme e le gore a maloko a ka kokoana le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014a|Mokwape 2014a]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha le go se letla go kopana go ne go tlola Molaomotheo, Dikarolo ya boraro, lesome le bobedi, le lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, kgololesego ya go kopana, le kgololesego ya go kokoana ka go latelana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014b|Mokwape 2014b]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow and Macsuzy Mondon, September 2015.jpg|thumb|200x200px|BoTona Dow le [[Macsuzy Mondon]] (Seychelles) ba saena Memo ya Kutlwano ya lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le malatsi marataro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile lesome le bobedi , Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bonno a Iseraele a kwa West Bank a amang Bapalestina ka teng.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a swetsa go tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenelela lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2012a|''Sunday Standard'' 2012a]].</ref> O ne a emela [[ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a latlhegelwa ke go bata setilo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBasimanebotlhe2014|Basimanebotlhe 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le itlhophetsweng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo Pusong eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotsamai2014|Motsamai 2014]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMosikare2014|Mosikare 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso ke Khama, a tlhatlhama [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Mothusatautona wa Botswana yo wa nako eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPiet2015|Piet 2015]].</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa Seychelles kwa Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana kwa ntle go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPhiloBonnelame2015|Philo & Bonnelame 2015]].</ref> O ne a direla mo maemong ao go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, fa mo kabakanngwa cabinet, a ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2016b|''Mmegi'' 2016b]].</ref> Morago ga gore Khama a tloge mo maemong a botautona ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , Dow o ne a sutisiwa ke Tautona yo o tsenang Masisi go tswa mo Thutong go ya kwa maemong a Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo ya Matlo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMwakideu2018|Mwakideu 2018]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2018|Gabathuse 2018]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi 2018, mo phetogong ya cabinet, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele, a ananya setilo sa gagwe mo Mafaratlhatlheng le Matlo le Vincent Tina Seretse, yo o neng a tshwere Merero ya Mafatshe a sele mo nakong e e fetileng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMorupisi2018|Morupisi 2018]].</ref> Masisi o ne a fenya botautona mo [[ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa 2019]] mme a tlhomamisa gape Dow jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele ya palamente ya bo lesome le bobedi ya Botswana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2019|''Mmegi'' 2019]].</ref> Dow mmogo le barwadie Cheshe le Natasha, o ne a bula Dow Academy kwa Mochudi, [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng]] ka Firikgong 2020. Sekolo seno se se ikemetseng se ruta thuto e potlana le e kgolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLuebering2020|Luebering 2020]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Dow o ne a tlogela bodiredi jwa gagwe mme a emisediwa ka Lemogang Kwape mo phetogong ya cabinet.<ref name=":14">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotlhoka2020|Motlhoka 2020]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2020|Gabathuse 2020]].</ref> Dow o buile ka kgato e, "Jaaka tona o bua thata ka portfolio ya gago. Mme [[banka e e kwa morago]] e go naya kgololesego ya go botsolotsa dikgang tse di farologaneng tse di amang bosetšhaba. Tekanyetso e le nosi ke boemo jwa lekoko la me mo kgannyeng e e rileng".<ref name=":14" /> == Go kwala == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi , fa Dow a ne a simolola go gatisa dibuka tsa dinaane, ke bakwadi ba le mmalwa fela ba Batswana ba ba neng ba dirile dibuka tse di neng tsa fitlhelela babadi kwa ntle ga Botswana. <ref name=":15" /> Lengwe la mabaka a seno e ne e le kganetso e e tiileng ya boeteledipele jwa Batswana gore MaBorithane ba kopanye kgaolo ya bona le ya Aforika Borwa, e e neng ya isa kwa go itshireletseng kgatlhanong le Pan-Africanism le go tlhoka dipeeletso mo mafaratlhatlheng a setšhaba le tlhabololo ya thuto. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;34, 36.</ref> Bobedi dibuka tsa gagwe tsa non-fiction le tsa fiction di kopanya dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le seabe sa tsona mo bong le mo kagong ya maatla. <ref name=":9" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;35.</ref>Mosebetsi o mong le o mong wa Dow o hlahloba ditlwaelo tsa setjhaba tse lebisang ho se leka-lekane ha dikamano tsa matla le ho susumetsa pefo kgahlanong le basadi, tlhekefetso ya thobalano ya bana, bothata ba AIDS, le ho se lekane ha bong. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012,]] p.&#x20;151.</ref> Batho ba ba mo bukeng ya gagwe ba dirisa tlhaloganyo go ganana le ngwao e e sa utlwaleng mme ba gakolola mmadi ka botlhokwa jwa setso sa setso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012]], p.&#x20;153.</ref> Ka padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, Far and Beyon' (2000), Dow o ne a bua thata ka ga leroborobo la AIDS le ditlamorago tsa tirisodikgoka mo malapeng, segolo jang ka fa basadi ba ba tshelang mo setšhabeng sa borra-bana ba lebanang le malapa a a senang borre ka ntlha ya tshenyo e e tlisitseng kwa Botswana ya kwa magaeng. <ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;40.</ref>E sekaseka dithibelo tsa ditlwaelo tsa setso, meetlo, le ditheo tse di beilweng mo basading le mo basading ka go dirisa dikago tse di ikaegileng ka banna.<ref name=":17" /> Mo kanegelong eno, Mara, mmè yo o sa itseng go bala le go kwala yo o nang le bokgoni jo bo lekanyeditsweng jwa go itlamela, o setse a na le monna a le mongwe le barwa ba le babedi ba ba bolawang ke AIDS, monna yo mongwe a mo latlha, mme molekane wa gagwe wa boraro o mo sotla.<ref name=":18">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p.&#x20;38</ref> <ref name=":17" />Mara o bolela gore loso lwa barwa ba gagwe lo bakilwe ke mmaba yo o fitlhegileng mme o batla dikarabo mo go yo o bolelelang pele isagwe. Le fa morwadie, Mosadi (e e rayang mosadi), yo o itsegeng jaaka Mosa, le morwawe yo o setseng, Stan, ba sa dumele gore meetlo ya mmoki e tla tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang fa bomorwarraabone ba sule, ba tsamaya mmogo le meletlo e e laetsweng. <ref name=":18" /> Fa Mosa a lemoga gore o imile mme o latlhetswe ke rraagwe ngwana, o swetsa go senya mpa ka sephiri, go na le go imetsa mmaagwe go feta.<ref name=":18" /> Mo maitekong a go fodisa lelapa la gagwe, Mosa o sekaseka ditlwaelo tsa loago tse di kgaoganyang banna le basadi le go godisa ditiro tsa banna, a ruta basadi go itlhokomolosa diphoso tsa bone. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;41.</ref>A nna a ikanyega mo lelapeng la gagwe le mo setsong sa gagwe, o ithuta go gana go amogela maitsholo a a sa siamang mo setšhabeng sa gaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Ka tsela e, Dow o tlhatlhoba gore go ineela ga setšhaba le go didimala ka diphoso mo setšhabeng go isa jang kwa tlhakatlhakanong ya mogopolo le go dirisa ba ba senang maatla ka tsela e e sa siamang ke ba ba nang le maatla go feta. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;38–40.</ref> Dipolelo tse di tshwanang di ne tsa tsenngwa mo bukeng ya bobedi ya ga Dow, The Screaming of the Innocent (2001), e e sekasekang gape maatlafatso ya basadi mo nageng e e tletseng ka bonweenwee jwa sepodisi, polao ya ngwao, sephiri sa setheo, le tidimalo ya setšhaba. <ref name=":15" /> Go batlisisa tlwaelo ya setso ya dipheko, go bolaya mongwe go kotula dirwe tsa gagwe tsa mmele ka ntlha ya dinonofo tsa bone tsa boselamose tsa lesego le katlego, Dow o bontsha ka moo bahumi le ba ba maatla ba tsomang ka teng batho ba ba sa itseng go bala le go kwala ba kwa magaeng le go reka tidimalo ya babusi. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;40–41.</ref>Mo bukeng, mosetsanyana o bolailwe mo sekgweng gaufi le motse wa gaabo mme tshedimosetso ka ga kgetsi e ne ya thibelwa ke sepodisi le banna ba ba maatla ba lefelo la gaabo. Go kgaolwa ga mmele wa gagwe go fitlhilwe mo bukeng e le letshwao le le supang gore batho ga ba amogele mekgwa e e ntseng jalo mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Protagonist, Amantle Bokaa, yo o fetsang tirelo ya gagwe ya bosetšhaba (e e itsegeng kwa Botswana jaaka Tirelo Sechaba), o fitlhela diaparo tse di nang le madi mo kamoreng ya tleliniki e a e abetsweng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;42–43.</ref> Diaparo tseno ke tsa motho mongwe yo o neng a bolailwe pele ga moo, mme fa di neelwa baagi ba motse ba lemoga gore ba ne ba sa di itse. Bokaa, ka gore baagi ba motse ba dumela gore ga a kitla a bonwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke balaodi, o tlhophiwa go bua le mapodisi mo boemong jwa baagi ba motse.[ 78] Ka gore ke mosadi le ngwana, o lebega a sena maatla, mme thuto ya gagwe, e e mo rutileng bokgoni jwa go dirisana le kganetso le go belaela ditumelo, e mo naya maatla le boitshepo go gwetlha molao wa tidimalo le dikgoreletsi tsa loago mo tseleng ya gagwe. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;43.</ref> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNgom2018|Ngom 2018,]] p.&#x20;23.</ref>Tiro ya ga Dow ga e bue fela ka dikamano tsa maatla, mme gape e bua ka dilo tse di tshosang tsa polao ya ngwao le polao ya basadi.[ 80] O tlhalosa ka tlhamalalo tumelo ya gagwe ya gore basadi e tla nna bone ba ba tla fetolang dipholisi go fedisa mekgwa e e ntseng jalo.[ 81] Far and Beyon′ e ne ya gololwa la ntlha kwa Botswana mme morago ya gatisiwa kwa Australia. The Screaming of the Innocent e ne ya gatisiwa la ntlha kwa Australia mme ya gatisiwa gape kwa Afrika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro. Buka ya gagwe ya boraro, Juggling Truths, e ne ya phasaladiwa ngwaga oo kwa Australia mme ya gololwa ngwaga o o latelang kwa Afrika Borwa. 82] Dow gape o ne a tlhatlhoba ditlwaelo tsa setso tse di sa siamang le ditlwaelo tsa loago ka maano a go di lwantsha.[ 83] Le fa a ne a kile a batlisisa ka ga setšhaba sa Aforika le mathata a a bakilweng ke go ganana le segompieno sa Bophirima le setso sa selegae, tiro e e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo tiragalong ya go lekalekanya go dumalana le ditlwaelo tse di siameng le tse di sa siamang mo setsong sa selegae. [ Ka go dirisa setshwano sa Monei, mosetsana yo monnye yo o nnang mo motseng wa magae, Dow o tlhatlhoba dingwao tsa molomo le tiriso ya ditlhamane le ditlhamane jaaka tsela ya go tsenya dikaelo tsa maitsholo le jaaka taolo ya loago mo baneng. 85] Buka eno e gwetlha dilo tse di jaaka tumelo ya gore go bolaya segwagwa se se nnang se lebile go ka baka matsubutsubu a magolo, gore go tsalana le motho yo o nang le boswafi go ka tlisa bomadimabe, kana gore go nwa motlhapo wa poo go ka thusa motho go ithuta go letsa molodi. Gape e na le dipolelo tse di buang ka selalome sa monna se se medisang bana le moruti yo o sotlang basetsana ka tlhakanelodikobo. Ditema tse di mo kanegelong di golaganya Juggling Truths le dibuka tsa ntlha tse pedi tsa ga Dow mme di kaya gore basetsana le basadi ba kgona go tlhabolola nonofo ya bone ka thuto le go akanya ka go ikemela. 85][86] Dow o atamela tshekatsheko ya gagwe ya go raraana ga loago a dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditsereganyo, a lemoga gore ga go na ditharabololo tse di bonolo.[ 87] Juggling Truths e ne e le moanelwa wa Percy FitzPatrick Prize mo setlhopheng sa basha ba ba godileng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro.[ 88] Buka ya Dow ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa ya The Heavens May Fall e bua ka boitshupo jo bo fetogang go tswa mo setšhabeng sa setso go ya mo lefatsheng la segompieno la lefatshe lotlhe. Mo matlhong a ga Dow, setšhaba se fetoga ka metlha; ka ntlha ya seo, ngwao, bong, boitshupo, puo, kago ya loago le ditheo di a fetoga. 89] Kgang e e buang ka botshelo jwa ga Dow, e bua ka phetogo go tswa mo ditseleng tse di se nang ditshipi go ya go diphaepe tsa metsi tsa mo teng ga ntlo le ka moo khumo ya teemane e neng ya dira gore go nne le thuto, tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo le ditirelo.[ Buka e e neetswe bana ba gagwe ba bararo, e boeletsa ka moo dikakanyo ka ga bone di fetogileng ka teng, jaaka e le Maaforika, mme gape ba abelana ka boitshupo jo bo raraaneng ka gonne rraabone e ne e le moagi wa US. Mo nakong e kgang e diragalang ka yone, ba ne ba tla tsewa e le batswakwa. 91] Kgang e e bua ka Naledi, yo o belegweng pele ga go dirwa ga Botswana sešwa mme e diragala ka nako ya fa Dow a ne a gwetlha molao wa bosetšhaba.[ 92] Jaaka mmueledi, Naledi o emela basadi ba ba bokoa le bana ba ba tlhokang katlholo kgotsa thuso ya semolao. O tsaya kgetsi ya lekgarebe lengwe le le neng la betelelwa mme o senola gore tsamaiso ya semolao e e laolwang ke banna e ne e na le seabe, e leng se se dirileng gore kgetsi eno e se ka ya sekwa ka nako ya tsheko. Le fa kgetse e sa rarabololwa, molatofadiwa o ne a laelwa go dira teko ya HIV, ka ntlha ya gore motlhaselwa wa gagwe o ne a kile a tlhakanela dikobo a sa itshireletsa,[93] se se gatelelang diphetogo tsa loago le go fetofetoga ga maemo. Go nna monna ga go ne go naya molatofadiwa tshiamelo kgotsa maatla a go tila teko mo nageng e mo go yona tsamaiso ya molao e nang le tshireletso go akaretsa tshireletso ya basadi,[94] go sa kgathalesege gore tsamaiso ya molao e ne ya palelwa kwa bofelong Naledi.[ 68] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1959]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Baatlhodi ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Molwela-ditshwanelo tsa bomme wa Botswana]] == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Mme Unity Diswai o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1959, kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro, kwa [[Mochudi]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgaolong ya Kgatleng]] mo [[Botswana]] (yo ka nako e o a neng a bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]] ), <ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> ke ngwana wa batsadi ba gagwe e bong rre Phiri le mme Maefshane Diswai (ba gape ba itsegeng ka maina a Moses le Ellen Diswai), bobedi jo bo tsalatswe mo morafeng wa [[Basarwa]] fa godimo ga moo ke maloko a morafe wa BaKgatla.<ref name=":0" /> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> Motse wa selegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sena ditsela tsa sekonotiri, motlakase le fa e le metsi a a elelang. Go ne go sena megala ya letheka mme o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi ka matlho go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, le fa e le setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=48}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref> . Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme a sa kgone go bala le go kwala ka Sekgoa.<ref><ref name=":1" /></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>. Rraagwe yo o neng a berekela mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua ebile a kgona go bala Sekgoa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>E ne ya re fa rraagwe a tsena sekolo, o ne a ikgapela thuso ya madi a go tsena kwa [[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Fort Hare]], mme thuso e o e ne ya fiwa morwa wa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba dumela gore thuto ke selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa ithutelo tiro.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref> Dithuto tsa bone [[:en:Western_culture|tsa kwa Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelesega mo magaeng a Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref> Mme Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana_and_Swaziland|sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland]] . <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref>. Ka go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Boritheini mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona setlankana sa gagwe [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|sa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao]] ka ngwaga wa 1983 kwa sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2012 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|pp=49–50}}</ref></ref>. == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> 5x9svotrgdz5y8qj7perevaxin1d4b4 53345 53344 2026-07-27T12:15:33Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Law and activism" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358461802|Unity Dow]]" 53345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Unity Dow|office=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Botswana)|Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]|image=Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6269953840.jpg|alt=Photograph of an African woman in a grey brocaded suit standing in front of a backdrop depicting a group of African women in blue dresses, while giving a speech. She is wearing a geometrically patterned beaded neck collar, has a yellow device in her right hand, and is pointing with her left index finger to the left of the stage.|caption=Dow in 2011|predecessor=[[Vincent T. Seretse]]|president=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|successor=[[Lemogang Kwape]]|term_start=2 November 2019|term_end=26 August 2020|majority2=193 (1.66%)|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Kgatleng West]]|predecessor2=''new constituency''|party=[[Botswana Congress Party]]|birth_name=Unity Diswai|birth_date={{birth date and age|1959|4|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Mochudi]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (now [[Botswana]]|spouse={{Marriage|Peter Nathan Dow|7 March 1984}}<br/> Karl J. Stahl{{sfn|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology|2008}}|children=3|alma_mater=[[University of Botswana and Swaziland]] ([[LLB]])<br>[[University of Edinburgh]]|profession=Lawyer, judge, politician, writer, and human rights activist}} '''Unity Dow''' (née '''Diswai'''; o tshotswe ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro 1959) ke mmueledi wa [[Botswana|Motswana]]<sup>[<nowiki/>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|N]]</sup><sup>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|opolo 1]]]</sup>, mokwadi, [[molweladitshwanelo tsa batho]] le [[Leloko la Palamente]] la [[Kgatleng Bophirima]] e sale ka Ngwanatsele 2024. O kile a nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] le mo phateng a a farologaneng a Botswana. O tsholetswe kwa [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] ke moroki le molemimorui, ba ba neng ba gatelela gore bana ba bone ba bone thuto, Dow o goletse mo motseng wa setso wa legae pele ga ditlhabololo tsa segompieno. O ne a bona thuto ya molao ka 1983 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]], le fa dithuto tsa gagwe di ne tsa wediwa kwa Swaziland le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], kwa Scotland, ka Botswana a ne a sena sekolo sa molao ka nako eo. Fa a sena go aloga, Dow o ne a bula kantoro ya ntlha ya molao e le ya basadi gotlhe mo Botswana mme ka 1997 a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya lefatshe leo. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo tirong ya molao, Dow o ne a amega mo dikgetsing di le tharo tsa ditso mo Botswana. Ka 1992, e ne e le mongongoregi mo kgetsing e e botlhokwa ya semolao, ''[[Unity Dow v Attorney-Genera]]''l, e e neng ya fedisa go tlhaola batho ka bong mo [[melaong ya bosetšhaba]] ya setšhaba e pele e neng e sa letle bana go bona bosetšhaba mo go bommaabone ba ba nyetsweng. Kgetse e ne ya bonela Dow tebelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba mme ya tsosa lekhubu la diphetogo tse di fedisang go sa lekalekane ga bong mo melaong ya bosetšhaba go ralala Aforika. Ka 2006, jaaka moatlhodi yo o okametseng kgetse ya ga ''Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana'', Dow o ne a atlhola kgatlhanong le ditiro tsa puso tsa go thibela [[batho ba tlholego ba Basarwa]] go nna le go tsoma mo [[mafelong a borraabonemogologolwane]], mme seo sa ba pateletsa go nna gape kwa ntle ga [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]]. O ne a atlhola gore puso e tshwanetse go busetsa ditirelo tsa motheo, e letle Basarwa go boela mo lefatsheng le go bona ditetla tsa go tsoma, le go duela ditshenyegelo mo go ba ba fudusitsweng ka dikgoka fa ba ka tlhopha go se boele. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi wa semolao wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetseng ya bone ya go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa Lephateng la Kwadiso ya Matsalo mme ba atlega go amogela katlholo ya gore puso e letle mokgatlho o kwadisiwe. Dow o ne a tlhophiwa la ntlha go tsena mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 2014, fa a ne a tlhophiwa ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] jaaka mopalamente yo o itlhophetsweng. O ne a tlhomiwa la ntlha go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mme ka 2015 a nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso. Morago ga moo o ne a dira jaaka Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo, Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo, le Tona ya Merero ya mafatshe a sele, pele ga a nna moeteledipele wa [[lemorago]] ka 2020. O dirile mo dikhuduthamageng le dikomiting di le mmalwa tsa boditšhabatšhaba, a sekaseka tiriso ya melao e e amang ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa [[Kenya]], [[Palastina]], [[Rwanda]] le [[Sierra Leone]]. Ka 2000, Dow o ne a simolola go gatisa dipadi, ka tlwaelo o ne a lebile dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le ditlamorago tsa tsone mo dipopegong tsa bong le tsa maatla. Dibuka tse di sekaseka mekgwa ya loago le go dirisa batho botlhaswa ka go ba sotlaka, go dirisa dikgoka le go gatelela ditshwanelo tsa batho. O amogetse dikakgolo le ditlotla di le dintsi ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go thusa batho, go akaretsa le [[Legion of Honor]] ka 2010. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Unity Dow o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1959 mo motseng wa [[Mochudi]], mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|kgaolong ya Kgatleng]], mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]] le ka nako eo e neng ele [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]]<ref name=":0">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi 2012]], p. 248.</ref><ref name=":15">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p. 34.</ref> mo batsading ba gagwe Phiri le Maefshane Diswai (ba ba itsegeng gape ka leina la Moses le Ellen Diswai), ditlogolwana tsa merafe ya tlholego ya [[Basarwa]] le maloko a merafe ya Bakgatla. Motseselegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sa tshelwa ditsela, motlakase le metsi a a elang. Go ne go sena mesokelatsebeng e bile o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bonana, le fa e le thelebishene go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 48.</ref><ref name=":1">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFEllis2012|Ellis 2012.]]</ref> Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme e seng Seesemane.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2007|''Sunday Standard'' 2007.]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 49.</ref> Rraagwe, yo o neng a bereka mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua le go bala Seesemane.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNarloch2012|Narloch 2012]], p. 3.</ref> Fa rraagwe a ne a le kwa sekolong, o ne a gapa thuso ya madi a go tsena [[Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare]], mme thuso eo e ne ya newa morwa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Mo batsading ba gagwe ka bobedi, thuto e ne ya nna selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa yunibesithi.<ref name=":3" /> Dithuto tsa bone tsa [[Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelega mo metseselegaeng ya Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":2" /> Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ka gonne go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Borithane o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona digerata ya gagwe ya [[Bachelor of Laws]] ka 1983 kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_Edinburgh2010|University of Edinburgh 2010.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], pp. 49–50.</ref> == Molao le bolweladitshwanelo == === Tiro ya gagwe ya pele (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6266756376.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Unity Dow]] Diswai o ne a bona dithutego tsa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go bereka kwa dikantorong tsa [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana]] e le mosekisi wa melato ya borukutlhi kwa [[Gaborone]]. O nyalane le moagi wa Amerika, Peter Nathan Dow, ka Mopitlo a supa 1984. Banyalani ba ba ne ba nna kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1986, Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong e e ikemetseng ka nosi e e neng e dira tiro ya molao wa bosenyi, mme a bula feme ya Dow Malakaila, e leng feme ya ntlha ya molao ya basadi-botlhe mo lefatsheng leo. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa bomme mo Botswana sa [[Emang Basadi]] (Emela Basadi ka dinao). Ka 1988, leina la feme le ne la fetolwa moragonyana go nna Dow Lesetedi and Company.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSegwai2008|Segwai 2008.]]</ref><ref name=":4" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a simolola mmogo mokgatlho wa Basadi le Molao mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WLSA) go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dikgetsi.<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka 1988 go fitlha ka 1991, Dow o ne a direla WLSA dipatlisiso, a thusa go wetsa thutopatlisiso ya kgaolo ka ga ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi mo mafatsheng a le marataro tse di mabapi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> Ka 1990, o thusitse go tlhoma Lefelo la Tshedimosetso la Basadi la Metlhaetsile go rotloetsa thuto ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1990, Dow o ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolong ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagi wa 1984, ke fela [[bana ba ba seng ka fa molaong]] ba ba neng ba ka bona bosetšhaba ka mmaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1992|Quansah 1992]], p. 196.</ref> Ka bana ba gagwe ba le babedi mo go ba le bararo le Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa tsewe e le Batswana.<ref name=":6">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 294.</ref> Ka go boifa gore go ka nna le kgonagalo ya gore fa tetla ya ga Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng e felelwa ke nako ka 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ka nna la patelesega go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola kgetsi ya [[Unity Dow v Attorney-General]] a latofatsa gore Molao wa Boagi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefadiwa le go sotlakakwa mo go seng mo sethong. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela e ema Dow nokeng e dumalana gore molao o ama tlhopho ya gagwe e e gololesegileng ya gore o tla nyala mang, o ka mo pateletsa go kgaogana le lelwapa la gagwe fa ditetlelelo tsa bonno tsa monna wa gagwe le bana ba gagwe di sa ntšhwafadiwe, mme o ne o tlhaola.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColdham1992|Coldham 1992]], pp. 91–92.</ref> === Tiro ya magareng (1991–2009) === Dow o ne a tsere sebaka sa dingwaga di le pedi a beetse tiro ya gagwe ya molao kwa tlhoko ka 1991 ka ntlha ya kgetse e mme ka nako eo, o ne a simolola mmogo Sekolo se se botlana sa Baobob kwa Gaborone le AIDS Action Trust.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColumbia_Law_School2009|Columbia Law School 2009.]]</ref> O ne a dira jaaka mogokaganyi wa WLSA go tloga ka 1992 go fitlha ka 1994,<ref name=":5" /> fa boikuelo jwa kgetse ya gagwe bo santse bo letilwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo, ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya nganga gore go tlhaola basadi go sireleditswe ke dipeelo tsa molaomotheo go somarela dingwao tsa setso tsa Botswana, e e neng e le setšhaba sa [[losika lwa borre]].<ref name=":6" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 190–191.</ref> Mmueledi Mogolo le ene o ne a ganela gore Dow o ne a na le maitsetsepelo, a bolela gore ene ka boene ga a a utlwisiwa botlhoko ke sepe.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 190.</ref> [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Tautona ya Baatlhodi [[Austin Amissah]], e ne ya swetsa ka gore kgethololo ya bong e thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ka se fete dipeelo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse Botswana e neng e na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le modumedi wa tsone.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 295.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 196.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya maitsetsepelo, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go na le kgonagalo ya gore a ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne a gobaditswe, mme go kgaogana le ba lelwapa la gagwe go tla bo go nyenyefatsa le go tlhoka setho.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 200–201.</ref> Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa katlholo ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditseko ka diphetogo tse dinnye, ya bolela gore Dikarolo tsa bone le botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagi ga di dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 189.</ref> Ka ntlha ya katlholo e e botlhokwa e, ka 1995 Molao wa Boagi o ne wa baakanngwa go tlosa go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go boneng bosetšhaba mo Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 50.</ref> Katlholo e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go ralala Aforika go gatelela phetogo mo melaong ya bone ya bosetšhaba le go fedisa go sa lekalekane ga bong, mme seno sa felela ka gore mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa mafatshe a Aforika a baakanye melao ya bosetšhaba ka 2010.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPailey2020|Pailey 2020]], p. 1839.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 48.</ref> Go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 1998, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mokaedi wa Setheo sa Tshedimosetso sa Basadi sa Metlhaetsile mme ka nako eo o ne a gatisa ''The Citizenship Case'' ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa kgetse ya gagwe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Ka 1996, o ne a dira mo kgetsing e e neng e amana le [[go tlhokomela bana]] e e neng ya felela ka gore go dirwe phetolo ya melao ya tshegetso, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa o ne a tlhagisa kgetse ka ga [[bolwetse jwa basadi ba ba itewang]], a tsaya gore tseno ke dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo basading.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDavis2014|Davis 2014]], p. 227.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kwa kgotlatshekelong ka Firikgong 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetlho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go dira jaaka moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko.<ref name=":16">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi]] 2012, p. 249.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , Dow o ne a dira jaaka karolo ya thomo ya [[Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le [[Charlotte Abaka]] wa Mo-Ghana, yo e kileng ya bo e le modulasetilo wa [[Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref name=":7">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDivision_for_the_Advancement_of_Women2004|Division for the Advancement of Women 2004]], p. 8.</ref> [[Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya Middle East Technical University ya Bong le Basadi; kwa [[Ankara]], kwa Turkey;<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBianet2019|Bianet 2019.]]</ref> [[Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre kwa [[Accra]];<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBowman2019|Bowman 2019]], p. 4.</ref> le Moaforika Borwa, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]], moporofesara wa molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|Yunibesithing ya Pennsylvania]] [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|State]].<ref name=":7" /> Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna molaodi wa [[Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong ao ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref name=":12">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLazaroff2012|Lazaroff 2012]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro , o ne a tlhophiwa go direla mo komiting e kgolo ya Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi le balaodi ba le barataro ba ba boelelang le maloko a mararo a masha, go akaretsa le ene, [[Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa [[Serbia]] le [[Raji Sourani]] wa [[Palastina]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPalestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights2006|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights 2006]].</ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo kgetsing ya ''[[Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa kwa Kgotleng Kgolo ya Ditsheko ka 2002 ke batho ba Basarwa<ref name=":10">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 103–104, 107.</ref> (ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwang batho ba naga ya Kalahari)<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa kgetsi mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le 241 ba ba neng ba tsena mo kgetsing fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e fedisa metsi mo lefelong leno la polokelo, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisa go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, le go leka go tlosa Basarwa ka dikgoka kwa ba nnang teng. Ba ne ba baakanya kgetse ya bone go akaretsa go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa naga go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong la tshireletso kwantle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya diteseletso tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref name=":10" /> Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka 2006, Dow o ne ya swetsa ka gore go fedisiwa ga ditirelo le go patelediwa go fudusiwa ga Basarwa go ne go emela tlolomolao ya tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaomotheo.<ref name=":5" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 108–109.</ref> O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ditshenyegelo di duelwe ba ba neng ba fudusitswe mme ba se na keletso ya go boa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 109.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro ba ne ba dumalana gore di ne di thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, ka le fa Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa Naga le ne le sa patelesege go ntsha diteseletso, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela ka nako e gape ba neng ba emisa mophako, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa batho ba Basarwa jwa go itshedisa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 115–117.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go dirisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 120.</ref> Kgetse e, go ya ka moporofesa wa molao Clement Ng'ong'ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana go amogela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba tlholego mo mafatsheng a borraabonemogologolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 121.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, Dow o ne a dira jaaka leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya Rwanda le go sekaseka gore lefatshe le ka tswa jang mo [[dikgotlhang]] tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya yone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo dikgetseng tsa [[polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba bo tshekiso e e sa tseeng letlhakore.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREF%C3%85hlund2007|Åhlund 2007]], p. 5.</ref><ref name=":11">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_South_Australia2009|University of South Australia 2009]].</ref> Nngwe ya dikgetsi tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le malebang le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la dino tse di tagang. Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome mararo mme kgetse e ne ya feleletsa e tholotswe.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a rola tiro mo setilong ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Yunibesithi ya Washington le Lee]] kwa [[Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a dira jaaka moporofesa yo o etileng kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" /> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010–gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , Dow o ne a tlhoma feme ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi eo o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[Tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong ya Nakwana e e Ikemetseng ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go diragatsa [[Molaomotheo]] o mosha wa Kenya.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNSW_Bar_Association2011|NSW Bar Association 2011]].</ref><ref name=":9" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe , o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetulo wa Komiti e kgolo ya Molaodi wa Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCrowe2011|Crowe 2011]].</ref> Mo ngwageng oo Dow o ne a simolola go dira le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo tse dingwe tsa [[batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa Omang tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 247–248.</ref> Ka nako eo kwa Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba baakanye ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dikwalong tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba ya kwa ofising ya Omang le kwadiso matsalo go fetola dikwalo tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go tla ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 244, 248.</ref> Ba ne ba kopa Dow go ba thusa, mme ene o ne a ikgolaganya le [[Setheo sa Ditsheko sa Aforika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le tshegetso ya madi.<ref name=":13">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], p. 248.</ref> Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla newa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke kgetse, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo kgetsing e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa dikgetse tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref name=":13" /><sup>[Nopolo ya boraro]</sup> Go fitlhelela seo, Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetsing ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya matsalo. Mokgatlho o ne o ganetswe ka go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Badiri le Merero ya Selegae, ka mabaka a gore ditiro tsa thatano ya bong di ne di se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng leo. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho go tlola tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore kgetse e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa thobalano, mme e le gore a maloko a ka kokoana le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014a|Mokwape 2014a]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha le go se letla go kopana go ne go tlola Molaomotheo, Dikarolo ya boraro, lesome le bobedi, le lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, kgololesego ya go kopana, le kgololesego ya go kokoana ka go latelana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014b|Mokwape 2014b]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow and Macsuzy Mondon, September 2015.jpg|thumb|200x200px|BoTona Dow le [[Macsuzy Mondon]] (Seychelles) ba saena Memo ya Kutlwano ya lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le malatsi marataro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile lesome le bobedi , Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bonno a Iseraele a kwa West Bank a amang Bapalestina ka teng.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a swetsa go tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenelela lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2012a|''Sunday Standard'' 2012a]].</ref> O ne a emela [[ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a latlhegelwa ke go bata setilo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBasimanebotlhe2014|Basimanebotlhe 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le itlhophetsweng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo Pusong eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotsamai2014|Motsamai 2014]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMosikare2014|Mosikare 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso ke Khama, a tlhatlhama [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Mothusatautona wa Botswana yo wa nako eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPiet2015|Piet 2015]].</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa Seychelles kwa Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana kwa ntle go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPhiloBonnelame2015|Philo & Bonnelame 2015]].</ref> O ne a direla mo maemong ao go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, fa mo kabakanngwa cabinet, a ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2016b|''Mmegi'' 2016b]].</ref> Morago ga gore Khama a tloge mo maemong a botautona ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , Dow o ne a sutisiwa ke Tautona yo o tsenang Masisi go tswa mo Thutong go ya kwa maemong a Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo ya Matlo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMwakideu2018|Mwakideu 2018]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2018|Gabathuse 2018]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi 2018, mo phetogong ya cabinet, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele, a ananya setilo sa gagwe mo Mafaratlhatlheng le Matlo le Vincent Tina Seretse, yo o neng a tshwere Merero ya Mafatshe a sele mo nakong e e fetileng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMorupisi2018|Morupisi 2018]].</ref> Masisi o ne a fenya botautona mo [[ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa 2019]] mme a tlhomamisa gape Dow jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele ya palamente ya bo lesome le bobedi ya Botswana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2019|''Mmegi'' 2019]].</ref> Dow mmogo le barwadie Cheshe le Natasha, o ne a bula Dow Academy kwa Mochudi, [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng]] ka Firikgong 2020. Sekolo seno se se ikemetseng se ruta thuto e potlana le e kgolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLuebering2020|Luebering 2020]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Dow o ne a tlogela bodiredi jwa gagwe mme a emisediwa ka Lemogang Kwape mo phetogong ya cabinet.<ref name=":14">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotlhoka2020|Motlhoka 2020]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2020|Gabathuse 2020]].</ref> Dow o buile ka kgato e, "Jaaka tona o bua thata ka portfolio ya gago. Mme [[banka e e kwa morago]] e go naya kgololesego ya go botsolotsa dikgang tse di farologaneng tse di amang bosetšhaba. Tekanyetso e le nosi ke boemo jwa lekoko la me mo kgannyeng e e rileng".<ref name=":14" /> == Go kwala == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi , fa Dow a ne a simolola go gatisa dibuka tsa dinaane, ke bakwadi ba le mmalwa fela ba Batswana ba ba neng ba dirile dibuka tse di neng tsa fitlhelela babadi kwa ntle ga Botswana. <ref name=":15" /> Lengwe la mabaka a seno e ne e le kganetso e e tiileng ya boeteledipele jwa Batswana gore MaBorithane ba kopanye kgaolo ya bona le ya Aforika Borwa, e e neng ya isa kwa go itshireletseng kgatlhanong le Pan-Africanism le go tlhoka dipeeletso mo mafaratlhatlheng a setšhaba le tlhabololo ya thuto. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;34, 36.</ref> Bobedi dibuka tsa gagwe tsa non-fiction le tsa fiction di kopanya dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le seabe sa tsona mo bong le mo kagong ya maatla. <ref name=":9" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;35.</ref>Mosebetsi o mong le o mong wa Dow o hlahloba ditlwaelo tsa setjhaba tse lebisang ho se leka-lekane ha dikamano tsa matla le ho susumetsa pefo kgahlanong le basadi, tlhekefetso ya thobalano ya bana, bothata ba AIDS, le ho se lekane ha bong. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012,]] p.&#x20;151.</ref> Batho ba ba mo bukeng ya gagwe ba dirisa tlhaloganyo go ganana le ngwao e e sa utlwaleng mme ba gakolola mmadi ka botlhokwa jwa setso sa setso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012]], p.&#x20;153.</ref> Ka padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, Far and Beyon' (2000), Dow o ne a bua thata ka ga leroborobo la AIDS le ditlamorago tsa tirisodikgoka mo malapeng, segolo jang ka fa basadi ba ba tshelang mo setšhabeng sa borra-bana ba lebanang le malapa a a senang borre ka ntlha ya tshenyo e e tlisitseng kwa Botswana ya kwa magaeng. <ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;40.</ref>E sekaseka dithibelo tsa ditlwaelo tsa setso, meetlo, le ditheo tse di beilweng mo basading le mo basading ka go dirisa dikago tse di ikaegileng ka banna.<ref name=":17" /> Mo kanegelong eno, Mara, mmè yo o sa itseng go bala le go kwala yo o nang le bokgoni jo bo lekanyeditsweng jwa go itlamela, o setse a na le monna a le mongwe le barwa ba le babedi ba ba bolawang ke AIDS, monna yo mongwe a mo latlha, mme molekane wa gagwe wa boraro o mo sotla.<ref name=":18">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p.&#x20;38</ref> <ref name=":17" />Mara o bolela gore loso lwa barwa ba gagwe lo bakilwe ke mmaba yo o fitlhegileng mme o batla dikarabo mo go yo o bolelelang pele isagwe. Le fa morwadie, Mosadi (e e rayang mosadi), yo o itsegeng jaaka Mosa, le morwawe yo o setseng, Stan, ba sa dumele gore meetlo ya mmoki e tla tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang fa bomorwarraabone ba sule, ba tsamaya mmogo le meletlo e e laetsweng. <ref name=":18" /> Fa Mosa a lemoga gore o imile mme o latlhetswe ke rraagwe ngwana, o swetsa go senya mpa ka sephiri, go na le go imetsa mmaagwe go feta.<ref name=":18" /> Mo maitekong a go fodisa lelapa la gagwe, Mosa o sekaseka ditlwaelo tsa loago tse di kgaoganyang banna le basadi le go godisa ditiro tsa banna, a ruta basadi go itlhokomolosa diphoso tsa bone. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;41.</ref>A nna a ikanyega mo lelapeng la gagwe le mo setsong sa gagwe, o ithuta go gana go amogela maitsholo a a sa siamang mo setšhabeng sa gaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Ka tsela e, Dow o tlhatlhoba gore go ineela ga setšhaba le go didimala ka diphoso mo setšhabeng go isa jang kwa tlhakatlhakanong ya mogopolo le go dirisa ba ba senang maatla ka tsela e e sa siamang ke ba ba nang le maatla go feta. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;38–40.</ref> Dipolelo tse di tshwanang di ne tsa tsenngwa mo bukeng ya bobedi ya ga Dow, The Screaming of the Innocent (2001), e e sekasekang gape maatlafatso ya basadi mo nageng e e tletseng ka bonweenwee jwa sepodisi, polao ya ngwao, sephiri sa setheo, le tidimalo ya setšhaba. <ref name=":15" /> Go batlisisa tlwaelo ya setso ya dipheko, go bolaya mongwe go kotula dirwe tsa gagwe tsa mmele ka ntlha ya dinonofo tsa bone tsa boselamose tsa lesego le katlego, Dow o bontsha ka moo bahumi le ba ba maatla ba tsomang ka teng batho ba ba sa itseng go bala le go kwala ba kwa magaeng le go reka tidimalo ya babusi. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;40–41.</ref>Mo bukeng, mosetsanyana o bolailwe mo sekgweng gaufi le motse wa gaabo mme tshedimosetso ka ga kgetsi e ne ya thibelwa ke sepodisi le banna ba ba maatla ba lefelo la gaabo. Go kgaolwa ga mmele wa gagwe go fitlhilwe mo bukeng e le letshwao le le supang gore batho ga ba amogele mekgwa e e ntseng jalo mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Protagonist, Amantle Bokaa, yo o fetsang tirelo ya gagwe ya bosetšhaba (e e itsegeng kwa Botswana jaaka Tirelo Sechaba), o fitlhela diaparo tse di nang le madi mo kamoreng ya tleliniki e a e abetsweng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;42–43.</ref> Diaparo tseno ke tsa motho mongwe yo o neng a bolailwe pele ga moo, mme fa di neelwa baagi ba motse ba lemoga gore ba ne ba sa di itse. Bokaa, ka gore baagi ba motse ba dumela gore ga a kitla a bonwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke balaodi, o tlhophiwa go bua le mapodisi mo boemong jwa baagi ba motse.[ 78] Ka gore ke mosadi le ngwana, o lebega a sena maatla, mme thuto ya gagwe, e e mo rutileng bokgoni jwa go dirisana le kganetso le go belaela ditumelo, e mo naya maatla le boitshepo go gwetlha molao wa tidimalo le dikgoreletsi tsa loago mo tseleng ya gagwe. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;43.</ref> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNgom2018|Ngom 2018,]] p.&#x20;23.</ref>Tiro ya ga Dow ga e bue fela ka dikamano tsa maatla, mme gape e bua ka dilo tse di tshosang tsa polao ya ngwao le polao ya basadi.[ 80] O tlhalosa ka tlhamalalo tumelo ya gagwe ya gore basadi e tla nna bone ba ba tla fetolang dipholisi go fedisa mekgwa e e ntseng jalo.[ 81] Far and Beyon′ e ne ya gololwa la ntlha kwa Botswana mme morago ya gatisiwa kwa Australia. The Screaming of the Innocent e ne ya gatisiwa la ntlha kwa Australia mme ya gatisiwa gape kwa Afrika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro. Buka ya gagwe ya boraro, Juggling Truths, e ne ya phasaladiwa ngwaga oo kwa Australia mme ya gololwa ngwaga o o latelang kwa Afrika Borwa. 82] Dow gape o ne a tlhatlhoba ditlwaelo tsa setso tse di sa siamang le ditlwaelo tsa loago ka maano a go di lwantsha.[ 83] Le fa a ne a kile a batlisisa ka ga setšhaba sa Aforika le mathata a a bakilweng ke go ganana le segompieno sa Bophirima le setso sa selegae, tiro e e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo tiragalong ya go lekalekanya go dumalana le ditlwaelo tse di siameng le tse di sa siamang mo setsong sa selegae. [ Ka go dirisa setshwano sa Monei, mosetsana yo monnye yo o nnang mo motseng wa magae, Dow o tlhatlhoba dingwao tsa molomo le tiriso ya ditlhamane le ditlhamane jaaka tsela ya go tsenya dikaelo tsa maitsholo le jaaka taolo ya loago mo baneng. 85] Buka eno e gwetlha dilo tse di jaaka tumelo ya gore go bolaya segwagwa se se nnang se lebile go ka baka matsubutsubu a magolo, gore go tsalana le motho yo o nang le boswafi go ka tlisa bomadimabe, kana gore go nwa motlhapo wa poo go ka thusa motho go ithuta go letsa molodi. Gape e na le dipolelo tse di buang ka selalome sa monna se se medisang bana le moruti yo o sotlang basetsana ka tlhakanelodikobo. Ditema tse di mo kanegelong di golaganya Juggling Truths le dibuka tsa ntlha tse pedi tsa ga Dow mme di kaya gore basetsana le basadi ba kgona go tlhabolola nonofo ya bone ka thuto le go akanya ka go ikemela. 85][86] Dow o atamela tshekatsheko ya gagwe ya go raraana ga loago a dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditsereganyo, a lemoga gore ga go na ditharabololo tse di bonolo.[ 87] Juggling Truths e ne e le moanelwa wa Percy FitzPatrick Prize mo setlhopheng sa basha ba ba godileng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro.[ 88] Buka ya Dow ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa ya The Heavens May Fall e bua ka boitshupo jo bo fetogang go tswa mo setšhabeng sa setso go ya mo lefatsheng la segompieno la lefatshe lotlhe. Mo matlhong a ga Dow, setšhaba se fetoga ka metlha; ka ntlha ya seo, ngwao, bong, boitshupo, puo, kago ya loago le ditheo di a fetoga. 89] Kgang e e buang ka botshelo jwa ga Dow, e bua ka phetogo go tswa mo ditseleng tse di se nang ditshipi go ya go diphaepe tsa metsi tsa mo teng ga ntlo le ka moo khumo ya teemane e neng ya dira gore go nne le thuto, tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo le ditirelo.[ Buka e e neetswe bana ba gagwe ba bararo, e boeletsa ka moo dikakanyo ka ga bone di fetogileng ka teng, jaaka e le Maaforika, mme gape ba abelana ka boitshupo jo bo raraaneng ka gonne rraabone e ne e le moagi wa US. Mo nakong e kgang e diragalang ka yone, ba ne ba tla tsewa e le batswakwa. 91] Kgang e e bua ka Naledi, yo o belegweng pele ga go dirwa ga Botswana sešwa mme e diragala ka nako ya fa Dow a ne a gwetlha molao wa bosetšhaba.[ 92] Jaaka mmueledi, Naledi o emela basadi ba ba bokoa le bana ba ba tlhokang katlholo kgotsa thuso ya semolao. O tsaya kgetsi ya lekgarebe lengwe le le neng la betelelwa mme o senola gore tsamaiso ya semolao e e laolwang ke banna e ne e na le seabe, e leng se se dirileng gore kgetsi eno e se ka ya sekwa ka nako ya tsheko. Le fa kgetse e sa rarabololwa, molatofadiwa o ne a laelwa go dira teko ya HIV, ka ntlha ya gore motlhaselwa wa gagwe o ne a kile a tlhakanela dikobo a sa itshireletsa,[93] se se gatelelang diphetogo tsa loago le go fetofetoga ga maemo. Go nna monna ga go ne go naya molatofadiwa tshiamelo kgotsa maatla a go tila teko mo nageng e mo go yona tsamaiso ya molao e nang le tshireletso go akaretsa tshireletso ya basadi,[94] go sa kgathalesege gore tsamaiso ya molao e ne ya palelwa kwa bofelong Naledi.[ 68] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1959]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Baatlhodi ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Molwela-ditshwanelo tsa bomme wa Botswana]] == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Mme Unity Diswai o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1959, kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro, kwa [[Mochudi]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgaolong ya Kgatleng]] mo [[Botswana]] (yo ka nako e o a neng a bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]] ), <ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> ke ngwana wa batsadi ba gagwe e bong rre Phiri le mme Maefshane Diswai (ba gape ba itsegeng ka maina a Moses le Ellen Diswai), bobedi jo bo tsalatswe mo morafeng wa [[Basarwa]] fa godimo ga moo ke maloko a morafe wa BaKgatla.<ref name=":0" /> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> Motse wa selegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sena ditsela tsa sekonotiri, motlakase le fa e le metsi a a elelang. Go ne go sena megala ya letheka mme o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi ka matlho go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, le fa e le setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=48}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref> . Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme a sa kgone go bala le go kwala ka Sekgoa.<ref><ref name=":1" /></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>. Rraagwe yo o neng a berekela mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua ebile a kgona go bala Sekgoa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>E ne ya re fa rraagwe a tsena sekolo, o ne a ikgapela thuso ya madi a go tsena kwa [[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Fort Hare]], mme thuso e o e ne ya fiwa morwa wa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba dumela gore thuto ke selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa ithutelo tiro.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref> Dithuto tsa bone [[:en:Western_culture|tsa kwa Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelesega mo magaeng a Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref> Mme Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana_and_Swaziland|sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland]] . <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref>. Ka go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Boritheini mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona setlankana sa gagwe [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|sa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao]] ka ngwaga wa 1983 kwa sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2012 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|pp=49–50}}</ref></ref>. == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> huauilm50usyfmxh2riuvcc5p939nyx 53349 53345 2026-07-27T12:47:10Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Law and activism" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358461802|Unity Dow]]" 53349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Unity Dow|office=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Botswana)|Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]|image=Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6269953840.jpg|alt=Photograph of an African woman in a grey brocaded suit standing in front of a backdrop depicting a group of African women in blue dresses, while giving a speech. She is wearing a geometrically patterned beaded neck collar, has a yellow device in her right hand, and is pointing with her left index finger to the left of the stage.|caption=Dow in 2011|predecessor=[[Vincent T. Seretse]]|president=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|successor=[[Lemogang Kwape]]|term_start=2 November 2019|term_end=26 August 2020|majority2=193 (1.66%)|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Kgatleng West]]|predecessor2=''new constituency''|party=[[Botswana Congress Party]]|birth_name=Unity Diswai|birth_date={{birth date and age|1959|4|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Mochudi]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (now [[Botswana]]|spouse={{Marriage|Peter Nathan Dow|7 March 1984}}<br/> Karl J. Stahl{{sfn|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology|2008}}|children=3|alma_mater=[[University of Botswana and Swaziland]] ([[LLB]])<br>[[University of Edinburgh]]|profession=Lawyer, judge, politician, writer, and human rights activist}} '''Unity Dow''' (née '''Diswai'''; o tshotswe ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro 1959) ke mmueledi wa [[Botswana|Motswana]]<sup>[<nowiki/>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|N]]</sup><sup>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|opolo 1]]]</sup>, mokwadi, [[molweladitshwanelo tsa batho]] le [[Leloko la Palamente]] la [[Kgatleng Bophirima]] e sale ka Ngwanatsele 2024. O kile a nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] le mo phateng a a farologaneng a Botswana. O tsholetswe kwa [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] ke moroki le molemimorui, ba ba neng ba gatelela gore bana ba bone ba bone thuto, Dow o goletse mo motseng wa setso wa legae pele ga ditlhabololo tsa segompieno. O ne a bona thuto ya molao ka 1983 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]], le fa dithuto tsa gagwe di ne tsa wediwa kwa Swaziland le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], kwa Scotland, ka Botswana a ne a sena sekolo sa molao ka nako eo. Fa a sena go aloga, Dow o ne a bula kantoro ya ntlha ya molao e le ya basadi gotlhe mo Botswana mme ka 1997 a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya lefatshe leo. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo tirong ya molao, Dow o ne a amega mo dikgetsing di le tharo tsa ditso mo Botswana. Ka 1992, e ne e le mongongoregi mo kgetsing e e botlhokwa ya semolao, ''[[Unity Dow v Attorney-Genera]]''l, e e neng ya fedisa go tlhaola batho ka bong mo [[melaong ya bosetšhaba]] ya setšhaba e pele e neng e sa letle bana go bona bosetšhaba mo go bommaabone ba ba nyetsweng. Kgetse e ne ya bonela Dow tebelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba mme ya tsosa lekhubu la diphetogo tse di fedisang go sa lekalekane ga bong mo melaong ya bosetšhaba go ralala Aforika. Ka 2006, jaaka moatlhodi yo o okametseng kgetse ya ga ''Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana'', Dow o ne a atlhola kgatlhanong le ditiro tsa puso tsa go thibela [[batho ba tlholego ba Basarwa]] go nna le go tsoma mo [[mafelong a borraabonemogologolwane]], mme seo sa ba pateletsa go nna gape kwa ntle ga [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]]. O ne a atlhola gore puso e tshwanetse go busetsa ditirelo tsa motheo, e letle Basarwa go boela mo lefatsheng le go bona ditetla tsa go tsoma, le go duela ditshenyegelo mo go ba ba fudusitsweng ka dikgoka fa ba ka tlhopha go se boele. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi wa semolao wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetseng ya bone ya go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa Lephateng la Kwadiso ya Matsalo mme ba atlega go amogela katlholo ya gore puso e letle mokgatlho o kwadisiwe. Dow o ne a tlhophiwa la ntlha go tsena mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 2014, fa a ne a tlhophiwa ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] jaaka mopalamente yo o itlhophetsweng. O ne a tlhomiwa la ntlha go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mme ka 2015 a nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso. Morago ga moo o ne a dira jaaka Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo, Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo, le Tona ya Merero ya mafatshe a sele, pele ga a nna moeteledipele wa [[lemorago]] ka 2020. O dirile mo dikhuduthamageng le dikomiting di le mmalwa tsa boditšhabatšhaba, a sekaseka tiriso ya melao e e amang ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa [[Kenya]], [[Palastina]], [[Rwanda]] le [[Sierra Leone]]. Ka 2000, Dow o ne a simolola go gatisa dipadi, ka tlwaelo o ne a lebile dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le ditlamorago tsa tsone mo dipopegong tsa bong le tsa maatla. Dibuka tse di sekaseka mekgwa ya loago le go dirisa batho botlhaswa ka go ba sotlaka, go dirisa dikgoka le go gatelela ditshwanelo tsa batho. O amogetse dikakgolo le ditlotla di le dintsi ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go thusa batho, go akaretsa le [[Legion of Honor]] ka 2010. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Unity Dow o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1959 mo motseng wa [[Mochudi]], mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|kgaolong ya Kgatleng]], mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]] le ka nako eo e neng ele [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]]<ref name=":0">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi 2012]], p. 248.</ref><ref name=":15">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p. 34.</ref> mo batsading ba gagwe Phiri le Maefshane Diswai (ba ba itsegeng gape ka leina la Moses le Ellen Diswai), ditlogolwana tsa merafe ya tlholego ya [[Basarwa]] le maloko a merafe ya Bakgatla. Motseselegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sa tshelwa ditsela, motlakase le metsi a a elang. Go ne go sena mesokelatsebeng e bile o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bonana, le fa e le thelebishene go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 48.</ref><ref name=":1">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFEllis2012|Ellis 2012.]]</ref> Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme e seng Seesemane.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2007|''Sunday Standard'' 2007.]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 49.</ref> Rraagwe, yo o neng a bereka mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua le go bala Seesemane.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNarloch2012|Narloch 2012]], p. 3.</ref> Fa rraagwe a ne a le kwa sekolong, o ne a gapa thuso ya madi a go tsena [[Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare]], mme thuso eo e ne ya newa morwa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Mo batsading ba gagwe ka bobedi, thuto e ne ya nna selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa yunibesithi.<ref name=":3" /> Dithuto tsa bone tsa [[Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelega mo metseselegaeng ya Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":2" /> Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ka gonne go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Borithane o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona digerata ya gagwe ya [[Bachelor of Laws]] ka 1983 kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_Edinburgh2010|University of Edinburgh 2010.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], pp. 49–50.</ref> == Molao le bolweladitshwanelo == === Tiro ya gagwe ya pele (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6266756376.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Unity Dow]] Diswai o ne a bona dithutego tsa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go bereka kwa dikantorong tsa [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana]] e le mosekisi wa melato ya borukutlhi kwa [[Gaborone]]. O nyalane le moagi wa Amerika, Peter Nathan Dow, ka Mopitlo a supa 1984. Banyalani ba ba ne ba nna kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1986, Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong e e ikemetseng ka nosi e e neng e dira tiro ya molao wa bosenyi, mme a bula feme ya Dow Malakaila, e leng feme ya ntlha ya molao ya basadi-botlhe mo lefatsheng leo. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa bomme mo Botswana sa [[Emang Basadi]] (Emela Basadi ka dinao). Ka 1988, leina la feme le ne la fetolwa moragonyana go nna Dow Lesetedi and Company.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSegwai2008|Segwai 2008.]]</ref><ref name=":4" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a simolola mmogo mokgatlho wa Basadi le Molao mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WLSA) go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dikgetsi.<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka 1988 go fitlha ka 1991, Dow o ne a direla WLSA dipatlisiso, a thusa go wetsa thutopatlisiso ya kgaolo ka ga ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi mo mafatsheng a le marataro tse di mabapi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> Ka 1990, o thusitse go tlhoma Lefelo la Tshedimosetso la Basadi la Metlhaetsile go rotloetsa thuto ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1990, Dow o ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolong ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagi wa 1984, ke fela [[bana ba ba seng ka fa molaong]] ba ba neng ba ka bona bosetšhaba ka mmaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1992|Quansah 1992]], p. 196.</ref> Ka bana ba gagwe ba le babedi mo go ba le bararo le Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa tsewe e le Batswana.<ref name=":6">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 294.</ref> Ka go boifa gore go ka nna le kgonagalo ya gore fa tetla ya ga Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng e felelwa ke nako ka 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ka nna la patelesega go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola kgetsi ya [[Unity Dow v Attorney-General]] a latofatsa gore Molao wa Boagi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefadiwa le go sotlakakwa mo go seng mo sethong. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela e ema Dow nokeng e dumalana gore molao o ama tlhopho ya gagwe e e gololesegileng ya gore o tla nyala mang, o ka mo pateletsa go kgaogana le lelwapa la gagwe fa ditetlelelo tsa bonno tsa monna wa gagwe le bana ba gagwe di sa ntšhwafadiwe, mme o ne o tlhaola.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColdham1992|Coldham 1992]], pp. 91–92.</ref> === Tiro ya magareng (1991–2009) === Dow o ne a tsere sebaka sa dingwaga di le pedi a beetse tiro ya gagwe ya molao kwa tlhoko ka 1991 ka ntlha ya kgetse e mme ka nako eo, o ne a simolola mmogo Sekolo se se botlana sa Baobob kwa Gaborone le AIDS Action Trust.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColumbia_Law_School2009|Columbia Law School 2009.]]</ref> O ne a dira jaaka mogokaganyi wa WLSA go tloga ka 1992 go fitlha ka 1994,<ref name=":5" /> fa boikuelo jwa kgetse ya gagwe bo santse bo letilwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo, ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya nganga gore go tlhaola basadi go sireleditswe ke dipeelo tsa molaomotheo go somarela dingwao tsa setso tsa Botswana, e e neng e le setšhaba sa [[losika lwa borre]].<ref name=":6" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 190–191.</ref> Mmueledi Mogolo le ene o ne a ganela gore Dow o ne a na le maitsetsepelo, a bolela gore ene ka boene ga a a utlwisiwa botlhoko ke sepe.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 190.</ref> [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Tautona ya Baatlhodi [[Austin Amissah]], e ne ya swetsa ka gore kgethololo ya bong e thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ka se fete dipeelo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse Botswana e neng e na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le modumedi wa tsone.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 295.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 196.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya maitsetsepelo, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go na le kgonagalo ya gore a ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne a gobaditswe, mme go kgaogana le ba lelwapa la gagwe go tla bo go nyenyefatsa le go tlhoka setho.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 200–201.</ref> Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa katlholo ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditseko ka diphetogo tse dinnye, ya bolela gore Dikarolo tsa bone le botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagi ga di dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 189.</ref> Ka ntlha ya katlholo e e botlhokwa e, ka 1995 Molao wa Boagi o ne wa baakanngwa go tlosa go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go boneng bosetšhaba mo Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 50.</ref> Katlholo e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go ralala Aforika go gatelela phetogo mo melaong ya bone ya bosetšhaba le go fedisa go sa lekalekane ga bong, mme seno sa felela ka gore mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa mafatshe a Aforika a baakanye melao ya bosetšhaba ka 2010.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPailey2020|Pailey 2020]], p. 1839.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 48.</ref> Go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 1998, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mokaedi wa Setheo sa Tshedimosetso sa Basadi sa Metlhaetsile mme ka nako eo o ne a gatisa ''The Citizenship Case'' ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa kgetse ya gagwe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Ka 1996, o ne a dira mo kgetsing e e neng e amana le [[go tlhokomela bana]] e e neng ya felela ka gore go dirwe phetolo ya melao ya tshegetso, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa o ne a tlhagisa kgetse ka ga [[bolwetse jwa basadi ba ba itewang]], a tsaya gore tseno ke dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo basading.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDavis2014|Davis 2014]], p. 227.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kwa kgotlatshekelong ka Firikgong 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetlho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go dira jaaka moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko.<ref name=":16">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi]] 2012, p. 249.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , Dow o ne a dira jaaka karolo ya thomo ya [[Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le [[Charlotte Abaka]] wa Mo-Ghana, yo e kileng ya bo e le modulasetilo wa [[Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref name=":7">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDivision_for_the_Advancement_of_Women2004|Division for the Advancement of Women 2004]], p. 8.</ref> [[Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya Middle East Technical University ya Bong le Basadi; kwa [[Ankara]], kwa Turkey;<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBianet2019|Bianet 2019.]]</ref> [[Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre kwa [[Accra]];<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBowman2019|Bowman 2019]], p. 4.</ref> le Moaforika Borwa, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]], moporofesara wa molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|Yunibesithing ya Pennsylvania]] [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|State]].<ref name=":7" /> Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna molaodi wa [[Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong ao ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref name=":12">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLazaroff2012|Lazaroff 2012]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro , o ne a tlhophiwa go direla mo komiting e kgolo ya Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi le balaodi ba le barataro ba ba boelelang le maloko a mararo a masha, go akaretsa le ene, [[Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa [[Serbia]] le [[Raji Sourani]] wa [[Palastina]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPalestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights2006|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights 2006]].</ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo kgetsing ya ''[[Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa kwa Kgotleng Kgolo ya Ditsheko ka 2002 ke batho ba Basarwa<ref name=":10">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 103–104, 107.</ref> (ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwang batho ba naga ya Kalahari)<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa kgetsi mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le 241 ba ba neng ba tsena mo kgetsing fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e fedisa metsi mo lefelong leno la polokelo, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisa go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, le go leka go tlosa Basarwa ka dikgoka kwa ba nnang teng. Ba ne ba baakanya kgetse ya bone go akaretsa go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa naga go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong la tshireletso kwantle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya diteseletso tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref name=":10" /> Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka 2006, Dow o ne ya swetsa ka gore go fedisiwa ga ditirelo le go patelediwa go fudusiwa ga Basarwa go ne go emela tlolomolao ya tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaomotheo.<ref name=":5" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 108–109.</ref> O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ditshenyegelo di duelwe ba ba neng ba fudusitswe mme ba se na keletso ya go boa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 109.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro ba ne ba dumalana gore di ne di thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, ka le fa Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa Naga le ne le sa patelesege go ntsha diteseletso, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela ka nako e gape ba neng ba emisa mophako, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa batho ba Basarwa jwa go itshedisa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 115–117.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go dirisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 120.</ref> Kgetse e, go ya ka moporofesa wa molao Clement Ng'ong'ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana go amogela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba tlholego mo mafatsheng a borraabonemogologolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 121.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, Dow o ne a dira jaaka leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya Rwanda le go sekaseka gore lefatshe le ka tswa jang mo [[dikgotlhang]] tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya yone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo dikgetseng tsa [[polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba bo tshekiso e e sa tseeng letlhakore.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREF%C3%85hlund2007|Åhlund 2007]], p. 5.</ref><ref name=":11">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_South_Australia2009|University of South Australia 2009]].</ref> Nngwe ya dikgetsi tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le malebang le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la dino tse di tagang. Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome mararo mme kgetse e ne ya feleletsa e tholotswe.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a rola tiro mo setilong ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Yunibesithi ya Washington le Lee]] kwa [[Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a dira jaaka moporofesa yo o etileng kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" /> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010–gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , Dow o ne a tlhoma feme ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi eo o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[Tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong ya Nakwana e e Ikemetseng ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go diragatsa [[Molaomotheo]] o mosha wa Kenya.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNSW_Bar_Association2011|NSW Bar Association 2011]].</ref><ref name=":9" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe , o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetulo wa Komiti e kgolo ya Molaodi wa Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCrowe2011|Crowe 2011]].</ref> Mo ngwageng oo Dow o ne a simolola go dira le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo tse dingwe tsa [[batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa Omang tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 247–248.</ref> Ka nako eo kwa Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba baakanye ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dikwalong tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba ya kwa ofising ya Omang le kwadiso matsalo go fetola dikwalo tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go tla ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 244, 248.</ref> Ba ne ba kopa Dow go ba thusa, mme ene o ne a ikgolaganya le [[Setheo sa Ditsheko sa Aforika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le tshegetso ya madi.<ref name=":13">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], p. 248.</ref> Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla newa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke kgetse, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo kgetsing e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa dikgetse tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref name=":13" /><sup>[Nopolo ya boraro]</sup> Go fitlhelela seo, Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetsing ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya matsalo. Mokgatlho o ne o ganetswe ka go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Badiri le Merero ya Selegae, ka mabaka a gore ditiro tsa thatano ya bong di ne di se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng leo. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho go tlola tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore kgetse e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa thobalano, mme e le gore a maloko a ka kokoana le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014a|Mokwape 2014a]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha le go se letla go kopana go ne go tlola Molaomotheo, Dikarolo ya boraro, lesome le bobedi, le lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, kgololesego ya go kopana, le kgololesego ya go kokoana ka go latelana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014b|Mokwape 2014b]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow and Macsuzy Mondon, September 2015.jpg|thumb|200x200px|BoTona Dow le [[Macsuzy Mondon]] (Seychelles) ba saena Memo ya Kutlwano ya lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le malatsi marataro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile lesome le bobedi , Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bonno a Iseraele a kwa West Bank a amang Bapalestina ka teng.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a swetsa go tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenelela lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2012a|''Sunday Standard'' 2012a]].</ref> O ne a emela [[ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a latlhegelwa ke go bata setilo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBasimanebotlhe2014|Basimanebotlhe 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le itlhophetsweng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo Pusong eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotsamai2014|Motsamai 2014]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMosikare2014|Mosikare 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso ke Khama, a tlhatlhama [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Mothusatautona wa Botswana yo wa nako eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPiet2015|Piet 2015]].</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa Seychelles kwa Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana kwa ntle go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPhiloBonnelame2015|Philo & Bonnelame 2015]].</ref> O ne a direla mo maemong ao go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, fa mo kabakanngwa cabinet, a ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2016b|''Mmegi'' 2016b]].</ref> Morago ga gore Khama a tloge mo maemong a botautona ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , Dow o ne a sutisiwa ke Tautona yo o tsenang Masisi go tswa mo Thutong go ya kwa maemong a Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo ya Matlo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMwakideu2018|Mwakideu 2018]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2018|Gabathuse 2018]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi 2018, mo phetogong ya cabinet, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele, a ananya setilo sa gagwe mo Mafaratlhatlheng le Matlo le Vincent Tina Seretse, yo o neng a tshwere Merero ya Mafatshe a sele mo nakong e e fetileng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMorupisi2018|Morupisi 2018]].</ref> Masisi o ne a fenya botautona mo [[ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa 2019]] mme a tlhomamisa gape Dow jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele ya palamente ya bo lesome le bobedi ya Botswana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2019|''Mmegi'' 2019]].</ref> Dow mmogo le barwadie Cheshe le Natasha, o ne a bula Dow Academy kwa Mochudi, [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng]] ka Firikgong 2020. Sekolo seno se se ikemetseng se ruta thuto e potlana le e kgolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLuebering2020|Luebering 2020]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Dow o ne a tlogela bodiredi jwa gagwe mme a emisediwa ka Lemogang Kwape mo phetogong ya cabinet.<ref name=":14">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotlhoka2020|Motlhoka 2020]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2020|Gabathuse 2020]].</ref> Dow o buile ka kgato e, "Jaaka tona o bua thata ka portfolio ya gago. Mme [[banka e e kwa morago]] e go naya kgololesego ya go botsolotsa dikgang tse di farologaneng tse di amang bosetšhaba. Tekanyetso e le nosi ke boemo jwa lekoko la me mo kgannyeng e e rileng".<ref name=":14" /> == Go kwala == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi , fa Dow a ne a simolola go gatisa dibuka tsa dinaane, ke bakwadi ba le mmalwa fela ba Batswana ba ba neng ba dirile dibuka tse di neng tsa fitlhelela babadi kwa ntle ga Botswana. <ref name=":15" /> Lengwe la mabaka a seno e ne e le kganetso e e tiileng ya boeteledipele jwa Batswana gore MaBorithane ba kopanye kgaolo ya bona le ya Aforika Borwa, e e neng ya isa kwa go itshireletseng kgatlhanong le Pan-Africanism le go tlhoka dipeeletso mo mafaratlhatlheng a setšhaba le tlhabololo ya thuto. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;34, 36.</ref> Bobedi dibuka tsa gagwe tsa non-fiction le tsa fiction di kopanya dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le seabe sa tsona mo bong le mo kagong ya maatla. <ref name=":9" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;35.</ref>Mosebetsi o mong le o mong wa Dow o hlahloba ditlwaelo tsa setjhaba tse lebisang ho se leka-lekane ha dikamano tsa matla le ho susumetsa pefo kgahlanong le basadi, tlhekefetso ya thobalano ya bana, bothata ba AIDS, le ho se lekane ha bong. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012,]] p.&#x20;151.</ref> Batho ba ba mo bukeng ya gagwe ba dirisa tlhaloganyo go ganana le ngwao e e sa utlwaleng mme ba gakolola mmadi ka botlhokwa jwa setso sa setso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012]], p.&#x20;153.</ref> Ka padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, Far and Beyon' (2000), Dow o ne a bua thata ka ga leroborobo la AIDS le ditlamorago tsa tirisodikgoka mo malapeng, segolo jang ka fa basadi ba ba tshelang mo setšhabeng sa borra-bana ba lebanang le malapa a a senang borre ka ntlha ya tshenyo e e tlisitseng kwa Botswana ya kwa magaeng. <ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;40.</ref>E sekaseka dithibelo tsa ditlwaelo tsa setso, meetlo, le ditheo tse di beilweng mo basading le mo basading ka go dirisa dikago tse di ikaegileng ka banna.<ref name=":17" /> Mo kanegelong eno, Mara, mmè yo o sa itseng go bala le go kwala yo o nang le bokgoni jo bo lekanyeditsweng jwa go itlamela, o setse a na le monna a le mongwe le barwa ba le babedi ba ba bolawang ke AIDS, monna yo mongwe a mo latlha, mme molekane wa gagwe wa boraro o mo sotla.<ref name=":18">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p.&#x20;38</ref> <ref name=":17" />Mara o bolela gore loso lwa barwa ba gagwe lo bakilwe ke mmaba yo o fitlhegileng mme o batla dikarabo mo go yo o bolelelang pele isagwe. Le fa morwadie, Mosadi (e e rayang mosadi), yo o itsegeng jaaka Mosa, le morwawe yo o setseng, Stan, ba sa dumele gore meetlo ya mmoki e tla tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang fa bomorwarraabone ba sule, ba tsamaya mmogo le meletlo e e laetsweng. <ref name=":18" /> Fa Mosa a lemoga gore o imile mme o latlhetswe ke rraagwe ngwana, o swetsa go senya mpa ka sephiri, go na le go imetsa mmaagwe go feta.<ref name=":18" /> Mo maitekong a go fodisa lelapa la gagwe, Mosa o sekaseka ditlwaelo tsa loago tse di kgaoganyang banna le basadi le go godisa ditiro tsa banna, a ruta basadi go itlhokomolosa diphoso tsa bone. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;41.</ref>A nna a ikanyega mo lelapeng la gagwe le mo setsong sa gagwe, o ithuta go gana go amogela maitsholo a a sa siamang mo setšhabeng sa gaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Ka tsela e, Dow o tlhatlhoba gore go ineela ga setšhaba le go didimala ka diphoso mo setšhabeng go isa jang kwa tlhakatlhakanong ya mogopolo le go dirisa ba ba senang maatla ka tsela e e sa siamang ke ba ba nang le maatla go feta. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;38–40.</ref> Dipolelo tse di tshwanang di ne tsa tsenngwa mo bukeng ya bobedi ya ga Dow, The Screaming of the Innocent (2001), e e sekasekang gape maatlafatso ya basadi mo nageng e e tletseng ka bonweenwee jwa sepodisi, polao ya ngwao, sephiri sa setheo, le tidimalo ya setšhaba. <ref name=":15" /> Go batlisisa tlwaelo ya setso ya dipheko, go bolaya mongwe go kotula dirwe tsa gagwe tsa mmele ka ntlha ya dinonofo tsa bone tsa boselamose tsa lesego le katlego, Dow o bontsha ka moo bahumi le ba ba maatla ba tsomang ka teng batho ba ba sa itseng go bala le go kwala ba kwa magaeng le go reka tidimalo ya babusi. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;40–41.</ref>Mo bukeng, mosetsanyana o bolailwe mo sekgweng gaufi le motse wa gaabo mme tshedimosetso ka ga kgetsi e ne ya thibelwa ke sepodisi le banna ba ba maatla ba lefelo la gaabo. Go kgaolwa ga mmele wa gagwe go fitlhilwe mo bukeng e le letshwao le le supang gore batho ga ba amogele mekgwa e e ntseng jalo mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Protagonist, Amantle Bokaa, yo o fetsang tirelo ya gagwe ya bosetšhaba (e e itsegeng kwa Botswana jaaka Tirelo Sechaba), o fitlhela diaparo tse di nang le madi mo kamoreng ya tleliniki e a e abetsweng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;42–43.</ref> Diaparo tseno ke tsa motho mongwe yo o neng a bolailwe pele ga moo, mme fa di neelwa baagi ba motse ba lemoga gore ba ne ba sa di itse. Bokaa, ka gore baagi ba motse ba dumela gore ga a kitla a bonwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke balaodi, o tlhophiwa go bua le mapodisi mo boemong jwa baagi ba motse.[ 78] Ka gore ke mosadi le ngwana, o lebega a sena maatla, mme thuto ya gagwe, e e mo rutileng bokgoni jwa go dirisana le kganetso le go belaela ditumelo, e mo naya maatla le boitshepo go gwetlha molao wa tidimalo le dikgoreletsi tsa loago mo tseleng ya gagwe. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;43.</ref> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNgom2018|Ngom 2018,]] p.&#x20;23.</ref>Tiro ya ga Dow ga e bue fela ka dikamano tsa maatla, mme gape e bua ka dilo tse di tshosang tsa polao ya ngwao le polao ya basadi.[ 80] O tlhalosa ka tlhamalalo tumelo ya gagwe ya gore basadi e tla nna bone ba ba tla fetolang dipholisi go fedisa mekgwa e e ntseng jalo.[ 81] Far and Beyon′ e ne ya gololwa la ntlha kwa Botswana mme morago ya gatisiwa kwa Australia. The Screaming of the Innocent e ne ya gatisiwa la ntlha kwa Australia mme ya gatisiwa gape kwa Afrika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro. Buka ya gagwe ya boraro, Juggling Truths, e ne ya phasaladiwa ngwaga oo kwa Australia mme ya gololwa ngwaga o o latelang kwa Afrika Borwa. 82] Dow gape o ne a tlhatlhoba ditlwaelo tsa setso tse di sa siamang le ditlwaelo tsa loago ka maano a go di lwantsha.[ 83] Le fa a ne a kile a batlisisa ka ga setšhaba sa Aforika le mathata a a bakilweng ke go ganana le segompieno sa Bophirima le setso sa selegae, tiro e e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo tiragalong ya go lekalekanya go dumalana le ditlwaelo tse di siameng le tse di sa siamang mo setsong sa selegae. [ Ka go dirisa setshwano sa Monei, mosetsana yo monnye yo o nnang mo motseng wa magae, Dow o tlhatlhoba dingwao tsa molomo le tiriso ya ditlhamane le ditlhamane jaaka tsela ya go tsenya dikaelo tsa maitsholo le jaaka taolo ya loago mo baneng. 85] Buka eno e gwetlha dilo tse di jaaka tumelo ya gore go bolaya segwagwa se se nnang se lebile go ka baka matsubutsubu a magolo, gore go tsalana le motho yo o nang le boswafi go ka tlisa bomadimabe, kana gore go nwa motlhapo wa poo go ka thusa motho go ithuta go letsa molodi. Gape e na le dipolelo tse di buang ka selalome sa monna se se medisang bana le moruti yo o sotlang basetsana ka tlhakanelodikobo. Ditema tse di mo kanegelong di golaganya Juggling Truths le dibuka tsa ntlha tse pedi tsa ga Dow mme di kaya gore basetsana le basadi ba kgona go tlhabolola nonofo ya bone ka thuto le go akanya ka go ikemela. 85][86] Dow o atamela tshekatsheko ya gagwe ya go raraana ga loago a dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditsereganyo, a lemoga gore ga go na ditharabololo tse di bonolo.[ 87] Juggling Truths e ne e le moanelwa wa Percy FitzPatrick Prize mo setlhopheng sa basha ba ba godileng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro.[ 88] Buka ya Dow ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa ya The Heavens May Fall e bua ka boitshupo jo bo fetogang go tswa mo setšhabeng sa setso go ya mo lefatsheng la segompieno la lefatshe lotlhe. Mo matlhong a ga Dow, setšhaba se fetoga ka metlha; ka ntlha ya seo, ngwao, bong, boitshupo, puo, kago ya loago le ditheo di a fetoga. 89] Kgang e e buang ka botshelo jwa ga Dow, e bua ka phetogo go tswa mo ditseleng tse di se nang ditshipi go ya go diphaepe tsa metsi tsa mo teng ga ntlo le ka moo khumo ya teemane e neng ya dira gore go nne le thuto, tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo le ditirelo.[ Buka e e neetswe bana ba gagwe ba bararo, e boeletsa ka moo dikakanyo ka ga bone di fetogileng ka teng, jaaka e le Maaforika, mme gape ba abelana ka boitshupo jo bo raraaneng ka gonne rraabone e ne e le moagi wa US. Mo nakong e kgang e diragalang ka yone, ba ne ba tla tsewa e le batswakwa. 91] Kgang e e bua ka Naledi, yo o belegweng pele ga go dirwa ga Botswana sešwa mme e diragala ka nako ya fa Dow a ne a gwetlha molao wa bosetšhaba.[ 92] Jaaka mmueledi, Naledi o emela basadi ba ba bokoa le bana ba ba tlhokang katlholo kgotsa thuso ya semolao. O tsaya kgetsi ya lekgarebe lengwe le le neng la betelelwa mme o senola gore tsamaiso ya semolao e e laolwang ke banna e ne e na le seabe, e leng se se dirileng gore kgetsi eno e se ka ya sekwa ka nako ya tsheko. Le fa kgetse e sa rarabololwa, molatofadiwa o ne a laelwa go dira teko ya HIV, ka ntlha ya gore motlhaselwa wa gagwe o ne a kile a tlhakanela dikobo a sa itshireletsa,[93] se se gatelelang diphetogo tsa loago le go fetofetoga ga maemo. Go nna monna ga go ne go naya molatofadiwa tshiamelo kgotsa maatla a go tila teko mo nageng e mo go yona tsamaiso ya molao e nang le tshireletso go akaretsa tshireletso ya basadi,[94] go sa kgathalesege gore tsamaiso ya molao e ne ya palelwa kwa bofelong Naledi.[ 68] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1959]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Baatlhodi ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Molwela-ditshwanelo tsa bomme wa Botswana]] == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Mme Unity Diswai o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1959, kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro, kwa [[Mochudi]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgaolong ya Kgatleng]] mo [[Botswana]] (yo ka nako e o a neng a bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]] ), <ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> ke ngwana wa batsadi ba gagwe e bong rre Phiri le mme Maefshane Diswai (ba gape ba itsegeng ka maina a Moses le Ellen Diswai), bobedi jo bo tsalatswe mo morafeng wa [[Basarwa]] fa godimo ga moo ke maloko a morafe wa BaKgatla.<ref name=":0" /> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> Motse wa selegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sena ditsela tsa sekonotiri, motlakase le fa e le metsi a a elelang. Go ne go sena megala ya letheka mme o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi ka matlho go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, le fa e le setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=48}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref> . Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme a sa kgone go bala le go kwala ka Sekgoa.<ref><ref name=":1" /></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>. Rraagwe yo o neng a berekela mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua ebile a kgona go bala Sekgoa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>E ne ya re fa rraagwe a tsena sekolo, o ne a ikgapela thuso ya madi a go tsena kwa [[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Fort Hare]], mme thuso e o e ne ya fiwa morwa wa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba dumela gore thuto ke selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa ithutelo tiro.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref> Dithuto tsa bone [[:en:Western_culture|tsa kwa Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelesega mo magaeng a Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref> Mme Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana_and_Swaziland|sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland]] . <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref>. Ka go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Boritheini mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona setlankana sa gagwe [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|sa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao]] ka ngwaga wa 1983 kwa sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2012 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|pp=49–50}}</ref></ref>. == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> 1tsicb4a656ld8b1ni9upknbp63kbta 53354 53349 2026-07-27T13:12:26Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Law and activism" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358461802|Unity Dow]]" 53354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Unity Dow|office=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Botswana)|Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]|image=Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6269953840.jpg|alt=Photograph of an African woman in a grey brocaded suit standing in front of a backdrop depicting a group of African women in blue dresses, while giving a speech. She is wearing a geometrically patterned beaded neck collar, has a yellow device in her right hand, and is pointing with her left index finger to the left of the stage.|caption=Dow in 2011|predecessor=[[Vincent T. Seretse]]|president=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|successor=[[Lemogang Kwape]]|term_start=2 November 2019|term_end=26 August 2020|majority2=193 (1.66%)|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Kgatleng West]]|predecessor2=''new constituency''|party=[[Botswana Congress Party]]|birth_name=Unity Diswai|birth_date={{birth date and age|1959|4|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Mochudi]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (now [[Botswana]]|spouse={{Marriage|Peter Nathan Dow|7 March 1984}}<br/> Karl J. Stahl{{sfn|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology|2008}}|children=3|alma_mater=[[University of Botswana and Swaziland]] ([[LLB]])<br>[[University of Edinburgh]]|profession=Lawyer, judge, politician, writer, and human rights activist}} '''Unity Dow''' (née '''Diswai'''; o tshotswe ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro 1959) ke mmueledi wa [[Botswana|Motswana]]<sup>[<nowiki/>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|N]]</sup><sup>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|opolo 1]]]</sup>, mokwadi, [[molweladitshwanelo tsa batho]] le [[Leloko la Palamente]] la [[Kgatleng Bophirima]] e sale ka Ngwanatsele 2024. O kile a nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] le mo phateng a a farologaneng a Botswana. O tsholetswe kwa [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] ke moroki le molemimorui, ba ba neng ba gatelela gore bana ba bone ba bone thuto, Dow o goletse mo motseng wa setso wa legae pele ga ditlhabololo tsa segompieno. O ne a bona thuto ya molao ka 1983 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]], le fa dithuto tsa gagwe di ne tsa wediwa kwa Swaziland le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], kwa Scotland, ka Botswana a ne a sena sekolo sa molao ka nako eo. Fa a sena go aloga, Dow o ne a bula kantoro ya ntlha ya molao e le ya basadi gotlhe mo Botswana mme ka 1997 a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya lefatshe leo. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo tirong ya molao, Dow o ne a amega mo dikgetsing di le tharo tsa ditso mo Botswana. Ka 1992, e ne e le mongongoregi mo kgetsing e e botlhokwa ya semolao, ''[[Unity Dow v Attorney-Genera]]''l, e e neng ya fedisa go tlhaola batho ka bong mo [[melaong ya bosetšhaba]] ya setšhaba e pele e neng e sa letle bana go bona bosetšhaba mo go bommaabone ba ba nyetsweng. Kgetse e ne ya bonela Dow tebelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba mme ya tsosa lekhubu la diphetogo tse di fedisang go sa lekalekane ga bong mo melaong ya bosetšhaba go ralala Aforika. Ka 2006, jaaka moatlhodi yo o okametseng kgetse ya ga ''Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana'', Dow o ne a atlhola kgatlhanong le ditiro tsa puso tsa go thibela [[batho ba tlholego ba Basarwa]] go nna le go tsoma mo [[mafelong a borraabonemogologolwane]], mme seo sa ba pateletsa go nna gape kwa ntle ga [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]]. O ne a atlhola gore puso e tshwanetse go busetsa ditirelo tsa motheo, e letle Basarwa go boela mo lefatsheng le go bona ditetla tsa go tsoma, le go duela ditshenyegelo mo go ba ba fudusitsweng ka dikgoka fa ba ka tlhopha go se boele. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi wa semolao wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetseng ya bone ya go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa Lephateng la Kwadiso ya Matsalo mme ba atlega go amogela katlholo ya gore puso e letle mokgatlho o kwadisiwe. Dow o ne a tlhophiwa la ntlha go tsena mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 2014, fa a ne a tlhophiwa ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] jaaka mopalamente yo o itlhophetsweng. O ne a tlhomiwa la ntlha go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mme ka 2015 a nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso. Morago ga moo o ne a dira jaaka Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo, Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo, le Tona ya Merero ya mafatshe a sele, pele ga a nna moeteledipele wa [[lemorago]] ka 2020. O dirile mo dikhuduthamageng le dikomiting di le mmalwa tsa boditšhabatšhaba, a sekaseka tiriso ya melao e e amang ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa [[Kenya]], [[Palastina]], [[Rwanda]] le [[Sierra Leone]]. Ka 2000, Dow o ne a simolola go gatisa dipadi, ka tlwaelo o ne a lebile dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le ditlamorago tsa tsone mo dipopegong tsa bong le tsa maatla. Dibuka tse di sekaseka mekgwa ya loago le go dirisa batho botlhaswa ka go ba sotlaka, go dirisa dikgoka le go gatelela ditshwanelo tsa batho. O amogetse dikakgolo le ditlotla di le dintsi ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go thusa batho, go akaretsa le [[Legion of Honor]] ka 2010. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Unity Dow o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1959 mo motseng wa [[Mochudi]], mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|kgaolong ya Kgatleng]], mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]] le ka nako eo e neng ele [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]]<ref name=":0">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi 2012]], p. 248.</ref><ref name=":15">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p. 34.</ref> mo batsading ba gagwe Phiri le Maefshane Diswai (ba ba itsegeng gape ka leina la Moses le Ellen Diswai), ditlogolwana tsa merafe ya tlholego ya [[Basarwa]] le maloko a merafe ya Bakgatla. Motseselegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sa tshelwa ditsela, motlakase le metsi a a elang. Go ne go sena mesokelatsebeng e bile o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bonana, le fa e le thelebishene go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 48.</ref><ref name=":1">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFEllis2012|Ellis 2012.]]</ref> Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme e seng Seesemane.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2007|''Sunday Standard'' 2007.]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 49.</ref> Rraagwe, yo o neng a bereka mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua le go bala Seesemane.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNarloch2012|Narloch 2012]], p. 3.</ref> Fa rraagwe a ne a le kwa sekolong, o ne a gapa thuso ya madi a go tsena [[Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare]], mme thuso eo e ne ya newa morwa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Mo batsading ba gagwe ka bobedi, thuto e ne ya nna selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa yunibesithi.<ref name=":3" /> Dithuto tsa bone tsa [[Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelega mo metseselegaeng ya Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":2" /> Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ka gonne go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Borithane o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona digerata ya gagwe ya [[Bachelor of Laws]] ka 1983 kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_Edinburgh2010|University of Edinburgh 2010.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], pp. 49–50.</ref> == Molao le bolweladitshwanelo == === Tiro ya gagwe ya pele (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6266756376.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Unity Dow]] Diswai o ne a bona dithutego tsa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go bereka kwa dikantorong tsa [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana]] e le mosekisi wa melato ya borukutlhi kwa [[Gaborone]]. O nyalane le moagi wa Amerika, Peter Nathan Dow, ka Mopitlo a supa 1984. Banyalani ba ba ne ba nna kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1986, Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong e e ikemetseng ka nosi e e neng e dira tiro ya molao wa bosenyi, mme a bula feme ya Dow Malakaila, e leng feme ya ntlha ya molao ya basadi-botlhe mo lefatsheng leo. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa bomme mo Botswana sa [[Emang Basadi]] (Emela Basadi ka dinao). Ka 1988, leina la feme le ne la fetolwa moragonyana go nna Dow Lesetedi and Company.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSegwai2008|Segwai 2008.]]</ref><ref name=":4" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a simolola mmogo mokgatlho wa Basadi le Molao mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WLSA) go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dikgetsi.<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka 1988 go fitlha ka 1991, Dow o ne a direla WLSA dipatlisiso, a thusa go wetsa thutopatlisiso ya kgaolo ka ga ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi mo mafatsheng a le marataro tse di mabapi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> Ka 1990, o thusitse go tlhoma Lefelo la Tshedimosetso la Basadi la Metlhaetsile go rotloetsa thuto ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1990, Dow o ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolong ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagi wa 1984, ke fela [[bana ba ba seng ka fa molaong]] ba ba neng ba ka bona bosetšhaba ka mmaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1992|Quansah 1992]], p. 196.</ref> Ka bana ba gagwe ba le babedi mo go ba le bararo le Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa tsewe e le Batswana.<ref name=":6">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 294.</ref> Ka go boifa gore go ka nna le kgonagalo ya gore fa tetla ya ga Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng e felelwa ke nako ka 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ka nna la patelesega go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola kgetsi ya [[Unity Dow v Attorney-General]] a latofatsa gore Molao wa Boagi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefadiwa le go sotlakakwa mo go seng mo sethong. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela e ema Dow nokeng e dumalana gore molao o ama tlhopho ya gagwe e e gololesegileng ya gore o tla nyala mang, o ka mo pateletsa go kgaogana le lelwapa la gagwe fa ditetlelelo tsa bonno tsa monna wa gagwe le bana ba gagwe di sa ntšhwafadiwe, mme o ne o tlhaola.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColdham1992|Coldham 1992]], pp. 91–92.</ref> === Tiro ya magareng (1991–2009) === Dow o ne a tsere sebaka sa dingwaga di le pedi a beetse tiro ya gagwe ya molao kwa tlhoko ka 1991 ka ntlha ya kgetse e mme ka nako eo, o ne a simolola mmogo Sekolo se se botlana sa Baobob kwa Gaborone le AIDS Action Trust.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColumbia_Law_School2009|Columbia Law School 2009.]]</ref> O ne a dira jaaka mogokaganyi wa WLSA go tloga ka 1992 go fitlha ka 1994,<ref name=":5" /> fa boikuelo jwa kgetse ya gagwe bo santse bo letilwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo, ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya nganga gore go tlhaola basadi go sireleditswe ke dipeelo tsa molaomotheo go somarela dingwao tsa setso tsa Botswana, e e neng e le setšhaba sa [[losika lwa borre]].<ref name=":6" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 190–191.</ref> Mmueledi Mogolo le ene o ne a ganela gore Dow o ne a na le maitsetsepelo, a bolela gore ene ka boene ga a a utlwisiwa botlhoko ke sepe.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 190.</ref> [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Tautona ya Baatlhodi [[Austin Amissah]], e ne ya swetsa ka gore kgethololo ya bong e thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ka se fete dipeelo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse Botswana e neng e na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le modumedi wa tsone.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 295.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 196.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya maitsetsepelo, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go na le kgonagalo ya gore a ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne a gobaditswe, mme go kgaogana le ba lelwapa la gagwe go tla bo go nyenyefatsa le go tlhoka setho.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 200–201.</ref> Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa katlholo ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditseko ka diphetogo tse dinnye, ya bolela gore Dikarolo tsa bone le botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagi ga di dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 189.</ref> Ka ntlha ya katlholo e e botlhokwa e, ka 1995 Molao wa Boagi o ne wa baakanngwa go tlosa go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go boneng bosetšhaba mo Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 50.</ref> Katlholo e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go ralala Aforika go gatelela phetogo mo melaong ya bone ya bosetšhaba le go fedisa go sa lekalekane ga bong, mme seno sa felela ka gore mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa mafatshe a Aforika a baakanye melao ya bosetšhaba ka 2010.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPailey2020|Pailey 2020]], p. 1839.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 48.</ref> Go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 1998, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mokaedi wa Setheo sa Tshedimosetso sa Basadi sa Metlhaetsile mme ka nako eo o ne a gatisa ''The Citizenship Case'' ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa kgetse ya gagwe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Ka 1996, o ne a dira mo kgetsing e e neng e amana le [[go tlhokomela bana]] e e neng ya felela ka gore go dirwe phetolo ya melao ya tshegetso, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa o ne a tlhagisa kgetse ka ga [[bolwetse jwa basadi ba ba itewang]], a tsaya gore tseno ke dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo basading.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDavis2014|Davis 2014]], p. 227.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kwa kgotlatshekelong ka Firikgong 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetlho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go dira jaaka moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko.<ref name=":16">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi]] 2012, p. 249.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , Dow o ne a dira jaaka karolo ya thomo ya [[Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le [[Charlotte Abaka]] wa Mo-Ghana, yo e kileng ya bo e le modulasetilo wa [[Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref name=":7">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDivision_for_the_Advancement_of_Women2004|Division for the Advancement of Women 2004]], p. 8.</ref> [[Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya Middle East Technical University ya Bong le Basadi; kwa [[Ankara]], kwa Turkey;<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBianet2019|Bianet 2019.]]</ref> [[Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre kwa [[Accra]];<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBowman2019|Bowman 2019]], p. 4.</ref> le Moaforika Borwa, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]], moporofesara wa molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|Yunibesithing ya Pennsylvania]] [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|State]].<ref name=":7" /> Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna molaodi wa [[Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong ao ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref name=":12">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLazaroff2012|Lazaroff 2012]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro , o ne a tlhophiwa go direla mo komiting e kgolo ya Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi le balaodi ba le barataro ba ba boelelang le maloko a mararo a masha, go akaretsa le ene, [[Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa [[Serbia]] le [[Raji Sourani]] wa [[Palastina]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPalestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights2006|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights 2006]].</ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo kgetsing ya ''[[Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa kwa Kgotleng Kgolo ya Ditsheko ka 2002 ke batho ba Basarwa<ref name=":10">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 103–104, 107.</ref> (ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwang batho ba naga ya Kalahari)<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa kgetsi mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le 241 ba ba neng ba tsena mo kgetsing fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e fedisa metsi mo lefelong leno la polokelo, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisa go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, le go leka go tlosa Basarwa ka dikgoka kwa ba nnang teng. Ba ne ba baakanya kgetse ya bone go akaretsa go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa naga go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong la tshireletso kwantle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya diteseletso tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref name=":10" /> Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka 2006, Dow o ne ya swetsa ka gore go fedisiwa ga ditirelo le go patelediwa go fudusiwa ga Basarwa go ne go emela tlolomolao ya tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaomotheo.<ref name=":5" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 108–109.</ref> O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ditshenyegelo di duelwe ba ba neng ba fudusitswe mme ba se na keletso ya go boa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 109.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro ba ne ba dumalana gore di ne di thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, ka le fa Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa Naga le ne le sa patelesege go ntsha diteseletso, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela ka nako e gape ba neng ba emisa mophako, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa batho ba Basarwa jwa go itshedisa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 115–117.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go dirisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 120.</ref> Kgetse e, go ya ka moporofesa wa molao Clement Ng'ong'ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana go amogela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba tlholego mo mafatsheng a borraabonemogologolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 121.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, Dow o ne a dira jaaka leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya Rwanda le go sekaseka gore lefatshe le ka tswa jang mo [[dikgotlhang]] tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya yone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo dikgetseng tsa [[polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba bo tshekiso e e sa tseeng letlhakore.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREF%C3%85hlund2007|Åhlund 2007]], p. 5.</ref><ref name=":11">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_South_Australia2009|University of South Australia 2009]].</ref> Nngwe ya dikgetsi tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le malebang le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la dino tse di tagang. Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome mararo mme kgetse e ne ya feleletsa e tholotswe.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a rola tiro mo setilong ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Yunibesithi ya Washington le Lee]] kwa [[Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a dira jaaka moporofesa yo o etileng kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" /> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010–gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , Dow o ne a tlhoma feme ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi eo o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[Tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong ya Nakwana e e Ikemetseng ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go diragatsa [[Molaomotheo]] o mosha wa Kenya.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNSW_Bar_Association2011|NSW Bar Association 2011]].</ref><ref name=":9" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe , o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetulo wa Komiti e kgolo ya Molaodi wa Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCrowe2011|Crowe 2011]].</ref> Mo ngwageng oo Dow o ne a simolola go dira le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo tse dingwe tsa [[batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa Omang tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 247–248.</ref> Ka nako eo kwa Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba baakanye ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dikwalong tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba ya kwa ofising ya Omang le kwadiso matsalo go fetola dikwalo tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go tla ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 244, 248.</ref> Ba ne ba kopa Dow go ba thusa, mme ene o ne a ikgolaganya le [[Setheo sa Ditsheko sa Aforika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le tshegetso ya madi.<ref name=":13">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], p. 248.</ref> Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla newa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke kgetse, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo kgetsing e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa dikgetse tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref name=":13" /><sup>[Nopolo ya boraro]</sup> Go fitlhelela seo, Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetsing ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya matsalo. Mokgatlho o ne o ganetswe ka go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Badiri le Merero ya Selegae, ka mabaka a gore ditiro tsa thatano ya bong di ne di se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng leo. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho go tlola tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore kgetse e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa thobalano, mme e le gore a maloko a ka kokoana le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014a|Mokwape 2014a]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha le go se letla go kopana go ne go tlola Molaomotheo, Dikarolo ya boraro, lesome le bobedi, le lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, kgololesego ya go kopana, le kgololesego ya go kokoana ka go latelana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014b|Mokwape 2014b]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow and Macsuzy Mondon, September 2015.jpg|thumb|200x200px|BoTona Dow le [[Macsuzy Mondon]] (Seychelles) ba saena Memo ya Kutlwano ya lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le malatsi marataro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile lesome le bobedi , Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bonno a Iseraele a kwa West Bank a amang Bapalestina ka teng.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a swetsa go tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenelela lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2012a|''Sunday Standard'' 2012a]].</ref> O ne a emela [[ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a latlhegelwa ke go bata setilo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBasimanebotlhe2014|Basimanebotlhe 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le itlhophetsweng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo Pusong eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotsamai2014|Motsamai 2014]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMosikare2014|Mosikare 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso ke Khama, a tlhatlhama [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Mothusatautona wa Botswana yo wa nako eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPiet2015|Piet 2015]].</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa Seychelles kwa Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana kwa ntle go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPhiloBonnelame2015|Philo & Bonnelame 2015]].</ref> O ne a direla mo maemong ao go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, fa mo kabakanngwa cabinet, a ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2016b|''Mmegi'' 2016b]].</ref> Morago ga gore Khama a tloge mo maemong a botautona ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , Dow o ne a sutisiwa ke Tautona yo o tsenang Masisi go tswa mo Thutong go ya kwa maemong a Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo ya Matlo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMwakideu2018|Mwakideu 2018]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2018|Gabathuse 2018]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi 2018, mo phetogong ya cabinet, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele, a ananya setilo sa gagwe mo Mafaratlhatlheng le Matlo le Vincent Tina Seretse, yo o neng a tshwere Merero ya Mafatshe a sele mo nakong e e fetileng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMorupisi2018|Morupisi 2018]].</ref> Masisi o ne a fenya botautona mo [[ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa 2019]] mme a tlhomamisa gape Dow jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele ya palamente ya bo lesome le bobedi ya Botswana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2019|''Mmegi'' 2019]].</ref> Dow mmogo le barwadie Cheshe le Natasha, o ne a bula Dow Academy kwa Mochudi, [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng]] ka Firikgong 2020. Sekolo seno se se ikemetseng se ruta thuto e potlana le e kgolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLuebering2020|Luebering 2020]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Dow o ne a tlogela bodiredi jwa gagwe mme a emisediwa ka Lemogang Kwape mo phetogong ya cabinet.<ref name=":14">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotlhoka2020|Motlhoka 2020]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2020|Gabathuse 2020]].</ref> Dow o buile ka kgato e, "Jaaka tona o bua thata ka portfolio ya gago. Mme [[banka e e kwa morago]] e go naya kgololesego ya go botsolotsa dikgang tse di farologaneng tse di amang bosetšhaba. Tekanyetso e le nosi ke boemo jwa lekoko la me mo kgannyeng e e rileng".<ref name=":14" /> == Go kwala == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi , fa Dow a ne a simolola go gatisa dibuka tsa dinaane, ke bakwadi ba le mmalwa fela ba Batswana ba ba neng ba dirile dibuka tse di neng tsa fitlhelela babadi kwa ntle ga Botswana. <ref name=":15" /> Lengwe la mabaka a seno e ne e le kganetso e e tiileng ya boeteledipele jwa Batswana gore MaBorithane ba kopanye kgaolo ya bona le ya Aforika Borwa, e e neng ya isa kwa go itshireletseng kgatlhanong le Pan-Africanism le go tlhoka dipeeletso mo mafaratlhatlheng a setšhaba le tlhabololo ya thuto. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;34, 36.</ref> Bobedi dibuka tsa gagwe tsa non-fiction le tsa fiction di kopanya dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le seabe sa tsona mo bong le mo kagong ya maatla. <ref name=":9" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;35.</ref>Mosebetsi o mong le o mong wa Dow o hlahloba ditlwaelo tsa setjhaba tse lebisang ho se leka-lekane ha dikamano tsa matla le ho susumetsa pefo kgahlanong le basadi, tlhekefetso ya thobalano ya bana, bothata ba AIDS, le ho se lekane ha bong. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012,]] p.&#x20;151.</ref> Batho ba ba mo bukeng ya gagwe ba dirisa tlhaloganyo go ganana le ngwao e e sa utlwaleng mme ba gakolola mmadi ka botlhokwa jwa setso sa setso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012]], p.&#x20;153.</ref> Ka padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, Far and Beyon' (2000), Dow o ne a bua thata ka ga leroborobo la AIDS le ditlamorago tsa tirisodikgoka mo malapeng, segolo jang ka fa basadi ba ba tshelang mo setšhabeng sa borra-bana ba lebanang le malapa a a senang borre ka ntlha ya tshenyo e e tlisitseng kwa Botswana ya kwa magaeng. <ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;40.</ref>E sekaseka dithibelo tsa ditlwaelo tsa setso, meetlo, le ditheo tse di beilweng mo basading le mo basading ka go dirisa dikago tse di ikaegileng ka banna.<ref name=":17" /> Mo kanegelong eno, Mara, mmè yo o sa itseng go bala le go kwala yo o nang le bokgoni jo bo lekanyeditsweng jwa go itlamela, o setse a na le monna a le mongwe le barwa ba le babedi ba ba bolawang ke AIDS, monna yo mongwe a mo latlha, mme molekane wa gagwe wa boraro o mo sotla.<ref name=":18">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p.&#x20;38</ref> <ref name=":17" />Mara o bolela gore loso lwa barwa ba gagwe lo bakilwe ke mmaba yo o fitlhegileng mme o batla dikarabo mo go yo o bolelelang pele isagwe. Le fa morwadie, Mosadi (e e rayang mosadi), yo o itsegeng jaaka Mosa, le morwawe yo o setseng, Stan, ba sa dumele gore meetlo ya mmoki e tla tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang fa bomorwarraabone ba sule, ba tsamaya mmogo le meletlo e e laetsweng. <ref name=":18" /> Fa Mosa a lemoga gore o imile mme o latlhetswe ke rraagwe ngwana, o swetsa go senya mpa ka sephiri, go na le go imetsa mmaagwe go feta.<ref name=":18" /> Mo maitekong a go fodisa lelapa la gagwe, Mosa o sekaseka ditlwaelo tsa loago tse di kgaoganyang banna le basadi le go godisa ditiro tsa banna, a ruta basadi go itlhokomolosa diphoso tsa bone. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;41.</ref>A nna a ikanyega mo lelapeng la gagwe le mo setsong sa gagwe, o ithuta go gana go amogela maitsholo a a sa siamang mo setšhabeng sa gaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Ka tsela e, Dow o tlhatlhoba gore go ineela ga setšhaba le go didimala ka diphoso mo setšhabeng go isa jang kwa tlhakatlhakanong ya mogopolo le go dirisa ba ba senang maatla ka tsela e e sa siamang ke ba ba nang le maatla go feta. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;38–40.</ref> Dipolelo tse di tshwanang di ne tsa tsenngwa mo bukeng ya bobedi ya ga Dow, The Screaming of the Innocent (2001), e e sekasekang gape maatlafatso ya basadi mo nageng e e tletseng ka bonweenwee jwa sepodisi, polao ya ngwao, sephiri sa setheo, le tidimalo ya setšhaba. <ref name=":15" /> Go batlisisa tlwaelo ya setso ya dipheko, go bolaya mongwe go kotula dirwe tsa gagwe tsa mmele ka ntlha ya dinonofo tsa bone tsa boselamose tsa lesego le katlego, Dow o bontsha ka moo bahumi le ba ba maatla ba tsomang ka teng batho ba ba sa itseng go bala le go kwala ba kwa magaeng le go reka tidimalo ya babusi. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;40–41.</ref>Mo bukeng, mosetsanyana o bolailwe mo sekgweng gaufi le motse wa gaabo mme tshedimosetso ka ga kgetsi e ne ya thibelwa ke sepodisi le banna ba ba maatla ba lefelo la gaabo. Go kgaolwa ga mmele wa gagwe go fitlhilwe mo bukeng e le letshwao le le supang gore batho ga ba amogele mekgwa e e ntseng jalo mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Protagonist, Amantle Bokaa, yo o fetsang tirelo ya gagwe ya bosetšhaba (e e itsegeng kwa Botswana jaaka Tirelo Sechaba), o fitlhela diaparo tse di nang le madi mo kamoreng ya tleliniki e a e abetsweng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;42–43.</ref> Diaparo tseno ke tsa motho mongwe yo o neng a bolailwe pele ga moo, mme fa di neelwa baagi ba motse ba lemoga gore ba ne ba sa di itse. Bokaa, ka gore baagi ba motse ba dumela gore ga a kitla a bonwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke balaodi, o tlhophiwa go bua le mapodisi mo boemong jwa baagi ba motse.[ 78] Ka gore ke mosadi le ngwana, o lebega a sena maatla, mme thuto ya gagwe, e e mo rutileng bokgoni jwa go dirisana le kganetso le go belaela ditumelo, e mo naya maatla le boitshepo go gwetlha molao wa tidimalo le dikgoreletsi tsa loago mo tseleng ya gagwe. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;43.</ref> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNgom2018|Ngom 2018,]] p.&#x20;23.</ref>Tiro ya ga Dow ga e bue fela ka dikamano tsa maatla, mme gape e bua ka dilo tse di tshosang tsa polao ya ngwao le polao ya basadi.[ 80] O tlhalosa ka tlhamalalo tumelo ya gagwe ya gore basadi e tla nna bone ba ba tla fetolang dipholisi go fedisa mekgwa e e ntseng jalo.[ 81] Far and Beyon′ e ne ya gololwa la ntlha kwa Botswana mme morago ya gatisiwa kwa Australia. The Screaming of the Innocent e ne ya gatisiwa la ntlha kwa Australia mme ya gatisiwa gape kwa Afrika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro. Buka ya gagwe ya boraro, Juggling Truths, e ne ya phasaladiwa ngwaga oo kwa Australia mme ya gololwa ngwaga o o latelang kwa Afrika Borwa. 82] Dow gape o ne a tlhatlhoba ditlwaelo tsa setso tse di sa siamang le ditlwaelo tsa loago ka maano a go di lwantsha.[ 83] Le fa a ne a kile a batlisisa ka ga setšhaba sa Aforika le mathata a a bakilweng ke go ganana le segompieno sa Bophirima le setso sa selegae, tiro e e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo tiragalong ya go lekalekanya go dumalana le ditlwaelo tse di siameng le tse di sa siamang mo setsong sa selegae. [ Ka go dirisa setshwano sa Monei, mosetsana yo monnye yo o nnang mo motseng wa magae, Dow o tlhatlhoba dingwao tsa molomo le tiriso ya ditlhamane le ditlhamane jaaka tsela ya go tsenya dikaelo tsa maitsholo le jaaka taolo ya loago mo baneng. 85] Buka eno e gwetlha dilo tse di jaaka tumelo ya gore go bolaya segwagwa se se nnang se lebile go ka baka matsubutsubu a magolo, gore go tsalana le motho yo o nang le boswafi go ka tlisa bomadimabe, kana gore go nwa motlhapo wa poo go ka thusa motho go ithuta go letsa molodi. Gape e na le dipolelo tse di buang ka selalome sa monna se se medisang bana le moruti yo o sotlang basetsana ka tlhakanelodikobo. Ditema tse di mo kanegelong di golaganya Juggling Truths le dibuka tsa ntlha tse pedi tsa ga Dow mme di kaya gore basetsana le basadi ba kgona go tlhabolola nonofo ya bone ka thuto le go akanya ka go ikemela. 85][86] Dow o atamela tshekatsheko ya gagwe ya go raraana ga loago a dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditsereganyo, a lemoga gore ga go na ditharabololo tse di bonolo.[ 87] Juggling Truths e ne e le moanelwa wa Percy FitzPatrick Prize mo setlhopheng sa basha ba ba godileng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro.[ 88] Buka ya Dow ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa ya The Heavens May Fall e bua ka boitshupo jo bo fetogang go tswa mo setšhabeng sa setso go ya mo lefatsheng la segompieno la lefatshe lotlhe. Mo matlhong a ga Dow, setšhaba se fetoga ka metlha; ka ntlha ya seo, ngwao, bong, boitshupo, puo, kago ya loago le ditheo di a fetoga. 89] Kgang e e buang ka botshelo jwa ga Dow, e bua ka phetogo go tswa mo ditseleng tse di se nang ditshipi go ya go diphaepe tsa metsi tsa mo teng ga ntlo le ka moo khumo ya teemane e neng ya dira gore go nne le thuto, tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo le ditirelo.[ Buka e e neetswe bana ba gagwe ba bararo, e boeletsa ka moo dikakanyo ka ga bone di fetogileng ka teng, jaaka e le Maaforika, mme gape ba abelana ka boitshupo jo bo raraaneng ka gonne rraabone e ne e le moagi wa US. Mo nakong e kgang e diragalang ka yone, ba ne ba tla tsewa e le batswakwa. 91] Kgang e e bua ka Naledi, yo o belegweng pele ga go dirwa ga Botswana sešwa mme e diragala ka nako ya fa Dow a ne a gwetlha molao wa bosetšhaba.[ 92] Jaaka mmueledi, Naledi o emela basadi ba ba bokoa le bana ba ba tlhokang katlholo kgotsa thuso ya semolao. O tsaya kgetsi ya lekgarebe lengwe le le neng la betelelwa mme o senola gore tsamaiso ya semolao e e laolwang ke banna e ne e na le seabe, e leng se se dirileng gore kgetsi eno e se ka ya sekwa ka nako ya tsheko. Le fa kgetse e sa rarabololwa, molatofadiwa o ne a laelwa go dira teko ya HIV, ka ntlha ya gore motlhaselwa wa gagwe o ne a kile a tlhakanela dikobo a sa itshireletsa,[93] se se gatelelang diphetogo tsa loago le go fetofetoga ga maemo. Go nna monna ga go ne go naya molatofadiwa tshiamelo kgotsa maatla a go tila teko mo nageng e mo go yona tsamaiso ya molao e nang le tshireletso go akaretsa tshireletso ya basadi,[94] go sa kgathalesege gore tsamaiso ya molao e ne ya palelwa kwa bofelong Naledi.[ 68] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1959]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Baatlhodi ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Molwela-ditshwanelo tsa bomme wa Botswana]] == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Mme Unity Diswai o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1959, kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro, kwa [[Mochudi]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgaolong ya Kgatleng]] mo [[Botswana]] (yo ka nako e o a neng a bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]] ), <ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> ke ngwana wa batsadi ba gagwe e bong rre Phiri le mme Maefshane Diswai (ba gape ba itsegeng ka maina a Moses le Ellen Diswai), bobedi jo bo tsalatswe mo morafeng wa [[Basarwa]] fa godimo ga moo ke maloko a morafe wa BaKgatla.<ref name=":0" /> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> Motse wa selegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sena ditsela tsa sekonotiri, motlakase le fa e le metsi a a elelang. Go ne go sena megala ya letheka mme o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi ka matlho go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, le fa e le setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=48}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref> . Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme a sa kgone go bala le go kwala ka Sekgoa.<ref><ref name=":1" /></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>. Rraagwe yo o neng a berekela mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua ebile a kgona go bala Sekgoa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>E ne ya re fa rraagwe a tsena sekolo, o ne a ikgapela thuso ya madi a go tsena kwa [[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Fort Hare]], mme thuso e o e ne ya fiwa morwa wa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba dumela gore thuto ke selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa ithutelo tiro.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref> Dithuto tsa bone [[:en:Western_culture|tsa kwa Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelesega mo magaeng a Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref> Mme Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana_and_Swaziland|sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland]] . <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref>. Ka go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Boritheini mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona setlankana sa gagwe [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|sa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao]] ka ngwaga wa 1983 kwa sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2012 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|pp=49–50}}</ref></ref>. == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> tc6d9e23i6ijb5ush1dbusxrg9yt826 53358 53354 2026-07-27T13:37:32Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Law and activism" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358461802|Unity Dow]]" 53358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Unity Dow|office=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Botswana)|Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]|image=Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6269953840.jpg|alt=Photograph of an African woman in a grey brocaded suit standing in front of a backdrop depicting a group of African women in blue dresses, while giving a speech. She is wearing a geometrically patterned beaded neck collar, has a yellow device in her right hand, and is pointing with her left index finger to the left of the stage.|caption=Dow in 2011|predecessor=[[Vincent T. Seretse]]|president=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|successor=[[Lemogang Kwape]]|term_start=2 November 2019|term_end=26 August 2020|majority2=193 (1.66%)|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Kgatleng West]]|predecessor2=''new constituency''|party=[[Botswana Congress Party]]|birth_name=Unity Diswai|birth_date={{birth date and age|1959|4|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Mochudi]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (now [[Botswana]]|spouse={{Marriage|Peter Nathan Dow|7 March 1984}}<br/> Karl J. Stahl{{sfn|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology|2008}}|children=3|alma_mater=[[University of Botswana and Swaziland]] ([[LLB]])<br>[[University of Edinburgh]]|profession=Lawyer, judge, politician, writer, and human rights activist}} '''Unity Dow''' (née '''Diswai'''; o tshotswe ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro 1959) ke mmueledi wa [[Botswana|Motswana]]<sup>[<nowiki/>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|N]]</sup><sup>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|opolo 1]]]</sup>, mokwadi, [[molweladitshwanelo tsa batho]] le [[Leloko la Palamente]] la [[Kgatleng Bophirima]] e sale ka Ngwanatsele 2024. O kile a nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] le mo phateng a a farologaneng a Botswana. O tsholetswe kwa [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] ke moroki le molemimorui, ba ba neng ba gatelela gore bana ba bone ba bone thuto, Dow o goletse mo motseng wa setso wa legae pele ga ditlhabololo tsa segompieno. O ne a bona thuto ya molao ka 1983 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]], le fa dithuto tsa gagwe di ne tsa wediwa kwa Swaziland le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], kwa Scotland, ka Botswana a ne a sena sekolo sa molao ka nako eo. Fa a sena go aloga, Dow o ne a bula kantoro ya ntlha ya molao e le ya basadi gotlhe mo Botswana mme ka 1997 a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya lefatshe leo. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo tirong ya molao, Dow o ne a amega mo dikgetsing di le tharo tsa ditso mo Botswana. Ka 1992, e ne e le mongongoregi mo kgetsing e e botlhokwa ya semolao, ''[[Unity Dow v Attorney-Genera]]''l, e e neng ya fedisa go tlhaola batho ka bong mo [[melaong ya bosetšhaba]] ya setšhaba e pele e neng e sa letle bana go bona bosetšhaba mo go bommaabone ba ba nyetsweng. Kgetse e ne ya bonela Dow tebelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba mme ya tsosa lekhubu la diphetogo tse di fedisang go sa lekalekane ga bong mo melaong ya bosetšhaba go ralala Aforika. Ka 2006, jaaka moatlhodi yo o okametseng kgetse ya ga ''Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana'', Dow o ne a atlhola kgatlhanong le ditiro tsa puso tsa go thibela [[batho ba tlholego ba Basarwa]] go nna le go tsoma mo [[mafelong a borraabonemogologolwane]], mme seo sa ba pateletsa go nna gape kwa ntle ga [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]]. O ne a atlhola gore puso e tshwanetse go busetsa ditirelo tsa motheo, e letle Basarwa go boela mo lefatsheng le go bona ditetla tsa go tsoma, le go duela ditshenyegelo mo go ba ba fudusitsweng ka dikgoka fa ba ka tlhopha go se boele. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi wa semolao wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetseng ya bone ya go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa Lephateng la Kwadiso ya Matsalo mme ba atlega go amogela katlholo ya gore puso e letle mokgatlho o kwadisiwe. Dow o ne a tlhophiwa la ntlha go tsena mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 2014, fa a ne a tlhophiwa ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] jaaka mopalamente yo o itlhophetsweng. O ne a tlhomiwa la ntlha go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mme ka 2015 a nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso. Morago ga moo o ne a dira jaaka Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo, Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo, le Tona ya Merero ya mafatshe a sele, pele ga a nna moeteledipele wa [[lemorago]] ka 2020. O dirile mo dikhuduthamageng le dikomiting di le mmalwa tsa boditšhabatšhaba, a sekaseka tiriso ya melao e e amang ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa [[Kenya]], [[Palastina]], [[Rwanda]] le [[Sierra Leone]]. Ka 2000, Dow o ne a simolola go gatisa dipadi, ka tlwaelo o ne a lebile dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le ditlamorago tsa tsone mo dipopegong tsa bong le tsa maatla. Dibuka tse di sekaseka mekgwa ya loago le go dirisa batho botlhaswa ka go ba sotlaka, go dirisa dikgoka le go gatelela ditshwanelo tsa batho. O amogetse dikakgolo le ditlotla di le dintsi ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go thusa batho, go akaretsa le [[Legion of Honor]] ka 2010. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Unity Dow o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1959 mo motseng wa [[Mochudi]], mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|kgaolong ya Kgatleng]], mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]] le ka nako eo e neng ele [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]]<ref name=":0">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi 2012]], p. 248.</ref><ref name=":15">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p. 34.</ref> mo batsading ba gagwe Phiri le Maefshane Diswai (ba ba itsegeng gape ka leina la Moses le Ellen Diswai), ditlogolwana tsa merafe ya tlholego ya [[Basarwa]] le maloko a merafe ya Bakgatla. Motseselegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sa tshelwa ditsela, motlakase le metsi a a elang. Go ne go sena mesokelatsebeng e bile o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bonana, le fa e le thelebishene go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 48.</ref><ref name=":1">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFEllis2012|Ellis 2012.]]</ref> Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme e seng Seesemane.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2007|''Sunday Standard'' 2007.]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 49.</ref> Rraagwe, yo o neng a bereka mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua le go bala Seesemane.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNarloch2012|Narloch 2012]], p. 3.</ref> Fa rraagwe a ne a le kwa sekolong, o ne a gapa thuso ya madi a go tsena [[Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare]], mme thuso eo e ne ya newa morwa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Mo batsading ba gagwe ka bobedi, thuto e ne ya nna selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa yunibesithi.<ref name=":3" /> Dithuto tsa bone tsa [[Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelega mo metseselegaeng ya Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":2" /> Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ka gonne go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Borithane o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona digerata ya gagwe ya [[Bachelor of Laws]] ka 1983 kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_Edinburgh2010|University of Edinburgh 2010.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], pp. 49–50.</ref> == Molao le bolweladitshwanelo == === Tiro ya gagwe ya pele (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6266756376.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Unity Dow]] Diswai o ne a bona dithutego tsa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go bereka kwa dikantorong tsa [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana]] e le mosekisi wa melato ya borukutlhi kwa [[Gaborone]]. O nyalane le moagi wa Amerika, Peter Nathan Dow, ka Mopitlo a supa 1984. Banyalani ba ba ne ba nna kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1986, Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong e e ikemetseng ka nosi e e neng e dira tiro ya molao wa bosenyi, mme a bula feme ya Dow Malakaila, e leng feme ya ntlha ya molao ya basadi-botlhe mo lefatsheng leo. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa bomme mo Botswana sa [[Emang Basadi]] (Emela Basadi ka dinao). Ka 1988, leina la feme le ne la fetolwa moragonyana go nna Dow Lesetedi and Company.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSegwai2008|Segwai 2008.]]</ref><ref name=":4" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a simolola mmogo mokgatlho wa Basadi le Molao mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WLSA) go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dikgetsi.<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka 1988 go fitlha ka 1991, Dow o ne a direla WLSA dipatlisiso, a thusa go wetsa thutopatlisiso ya kgaolo ka ga ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi mo mafatsheng a le marataro tse di mabapi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> Ka 1990, o thusitse go tlhoma Lefelo la Tshedimosetso la Basadi la Metlhaetsile go rotloetsa thuto ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1990, Dow o ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolong ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagi wa 1984, ke fela [[bana ba ba seng ka fa molaong]] ba ba neng ba ka bona bosetšhaba ka mmaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1992|Quansah 1992]], p. 196.</ref> Ka bana ba gagwe ba le babedi mo go ba le bararo le Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa tsewe e le Batswana.<ref name=":6">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 294.</ref> Ka go boifa gore go ka nna le kgonagalo ya gore fa tetla ya ga Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng e felelwa ke nako ka 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ka nna la patelesega go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola kgetsi ya [[Unity Dow v Attorney-General]] a latofatsa gore Molao wa Boagi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefadiwa le go sotlakakwa mo go seng mo sethong. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela e ema Dow nokeng e dumalana gore molao o ama tlhopho ya gagwe e e gololesegileng ya gore o tla nyala mang, o ka mo pateletsa go kgaogana le lelwapa la gagwe fa ditetlelelo tsa bonno tsa monna wa gagwe le bana ba gagwe di sa ntšhwafadiwe, mme o ne o tlhaola.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColdham1992|Coldham 1992]], pp. 91–92.</ref> === Tiro ya magareng (1991–2009) === Dow o ne a tsere sebaka sa dingwaga di le pedi a beetse tiro ya gagwe ya molao kwa tlhoko ka 1991 ka ntlha ya kgetse e mme ka nako eo, o ne a simolola mmogo Sekolo se se botlana sa Baobob kwa Gaborone le AIDS Action Trust.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColumbia_Law_School2009|Columbia Law School 2009.]]</ref> O ne a dira jaaka mogokaganyi wa WLSA go tloga ka 1992 go fitlha ka 1994,<ref name=":5" /> fa boikuelo jwa kgetse ya gagwe bo santse bo letilwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo, ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya nganga gore go tlhaola basadi go sireleditswe ke dipeelo tsa molaomotheo go somarela dingwao tsa setso tsa Botswana, e e neng e le setšhaba sa [[losika lwa borre]].<ref name=":6" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 190–191.</ref> Mmueledi Mogolo le ene o ne a ganela gore Dow o ne a na le maitsetsepelo, a bolela gore ene ka boene ga a a utlwisiwa botlhoko ke sepe.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 190.</ref> [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Tautona ya Baatlhodi [[Austin Amissah]], e ne ya swetsa ka gore kgethololo ya bong e thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ka se fete dipeelo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse Botswana e neng e na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le modumedi wa tsone.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 295.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 196.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya maitsetsepelo, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go na le kgonagalo ya gore a ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne a gobaditswe, mme go kgaogana le ba lelwapa la gagwe go tla bo go nyenyefatsa le go tlhoka setho.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 200–201.</ref> Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa katlholo ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditseko ka diphetogo tse dinnye, ya bolela gore Dikarolo tsa bone le botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagi ga di dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 189.</ref> Ka ntlha ya katlholo e e botlhokwa e, ka 1995 Molao wa Boagi o ne wa baakanngwa go tlosa go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go boneng bosetšhaba mo Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 50.</ref> Katlholo e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go ralala Aforika go gatelela phetogo mo melaong ya bone ya bosetšhaba le go fedisa go sa lekalekane ga bong, mme seno sa felela ka gore mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa mafatshe a Aforika a baakanye melao ya bosetšhaba ka 2010.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPailey2020|Pailey 2020]], p. 1839.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 48.</ref> Go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 1998, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mokaedi wa Setheo sa Tshedimosetso sa Basadi sa Metlhaetsile mme ka nako eo o ne a gatisa ''The Citizenship Case'' ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa kgetse ya gagwe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Ka 1996, o ne a dira mo kgetsing e e neng e amana le [[go tlhokomela bana]] e e neng ya felela ka gore go dirwe phetolo ya melao ya tshegetso, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa o ne a tlhagisa kgetse ka ga [[bolwetse jwa basadi ba ba itewang]], a tsaya gore tseno ke dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo basading.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDavis2014|Davis 2014]], p. 227.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kwa kgotlatshekelong ka Firikgong 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetlho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go dira jaaka moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko.<ref name=":16">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi]] 2012, p. 249.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , Dow o ne a dira jaaka karolo ya thomo ya [[Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le [[Charlotte Abaka]] wa Mo-Ghana, yo e kileng ya bo e le modulasetilo wa [[Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref name=":7">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDivision_for_the_Advancement_of_Women2004|Division for the Advancement of Women 2004]], p. 8.</ref> [[Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya Middle East Technical University ya Bong le Basadi; kwa [[Ankara]], kwa Turkey;<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBianet2019|Bianet 2019.]]</ref> [[Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre kwa [[Accra]];<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBowman2019|Bowman 2019]], p. 4.</ref> le Moaforika Borwa, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]], moporofesara wa molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|Yunibesithing ya Pennsylvania]] [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|State]].<ref name=":7" /> Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna molaodi wa [[Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong ao ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref name=":12">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLazaroff2012|Lazaroff 2012]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro , o ne a tlhophiwa go direla mo komiting e kgolo ya Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi le balaodi ba le barataro ba ba boelelang le maloko a mararo a masha, go akaretsa le ene, [[Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa [[Serbia]] le [[Raji Sourani]] wa [[Palastina]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPalestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights2006|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights 2006]].</ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo kgetsing ya ''[[Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa kwa Kgotleng Kgolo ya Ditsheko ka 2002 ke batho ba Basarwa<ref name=":10">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 103–104, 107.</ref> (ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwang batho ba naga ya Kalahari)<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa kgetsi mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le 241 ba ba neng ba tsena mo kgetsing fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e fedisa metsi mo lefelong leno la polokelo, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisa go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, le go leka go tlosa Basarwa ka dikgoka kwa ba nnang teng. Ba ne ba baakanya kgetse ya bone go akaretsa go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa naga go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong la tshireletso kwantle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya diteseletso tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref name=":10" /> Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka 2006, Dow o ne ya swetsa ka gore go fedisiwa ga ditirelo le go patelediwa go fudusiwa ga Basarwa go ne go emela tlolomolao ya tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaomotheo.<ref name=":5" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 108–109.</ref> O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ditshenyegelo di duelwe ba ba neng ba fudusitswe mme ba se na keletso ya go boa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 109.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro ba ne ba dumalana gore di ne di thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, ka le fa Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa Naga le ne le sa patelesege go ntsha diteseletso, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela ka nako e gape ba neng ba emisa mophako, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa batho ba Basarwa jwa go itshedisa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 115–117.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go dirisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 120.</ref> Kgetse e, go ya ka moporofesa wa molao Clement Ng'ong'ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana go amogela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba tlholego mo mafatsheng a borraabonemogologolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 121.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, Dow o ne a dira jaaka leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya Rwanda le go sekaseka gore lefatshe le ka tswa jang mo [[dikgotlhang]] tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya yone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo dikgetseng tsa [[polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba bo tshekiso e e sa tseeng letlhakore.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREF%C3%85hlund2007|Åhlund 2007]], p. 5.</ref><ref name=":11">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_South_Australia2009|University of South Australia 2009]].</ref> Nngwe ya dikgetsi tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le malebang le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la dino tse di tagang. Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome mararo mme kgetse e ne ya feleletsa e tholotswe.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a rola tiro mo setilong ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Yunibesithi ya Washington le Lee]] kwa [[Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a dira jaaka moporofesa yo o etileng kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" /> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010–gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , Dow o ne a tlhoma feme ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi eo o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[Tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong ya Nakwana e e Ikemetseng ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go diragatsa [[Molaomotheo]] o mosha wa Kenya.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNSW_Bar_Association2011|NSW Bar Association 2011]].</ref><ref name=":9" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe , o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetulo wa Komiti e kgolo ya Molaodi wa Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCrowe2011|Crowe 2011]].</ref> Mo ngwageng oo Dow o ne a simolola go dira le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo tse dingwe tsa [[batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa Omang tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 247–248.</ref> Ka nako eo kwa Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba baakanye ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dikwalong tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba ya kwa ofising ya Omang le kwadiso matsalo go fetola dikwalo tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go tla ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 244, 248.</ref> Ba ne ba kopa Dow go ba thusa, mme ene o ne a ikgolaganya le [[Setheo sa Ditsheko sa Aforika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le tshegetso ya madi.<ref name=":13">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], p. 248.</ref> Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla newa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke kgetse, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo kgetsing e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa dikgetse tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref name=":13" /><sup>[Nopolo ya boraro]</sup> Go fitlhelela seo, Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetsing ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya matsalo. Mokgatlho o ne o ganetswe ka go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Badiri le Merero ya Selegae, ka mabaka a gore ditiro tsa thatano ya bong di ne di se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng leo. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho go tlola tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore kgetse e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa thobalano, mme e le gore a maloko a ka kokoana le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014a|Mokwape 2014a]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha le go se letla go kopana go ne go tlola Molaomotheo, Dikarolo ya boraro, lesome le bobedi, le lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, kgololesego ya go kopana, le kgololesego ya go kokoana ka go latelana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014b|Mokwape 2014b]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow and Macsuzy Mondon, September 2015.jpg|thumb|200x200px|BoTona Dow le [[Macsuzy Mondon]] (Seychelles) ba saena Memo ya Kutlwano ya lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le malatsi marataro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile lesome le bobedi , Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bonno a Iseraele a kwa West Bank a amang Bapalestina ka teng.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a swetsa go tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenelela lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2012a|''Sunday Standard'' 2012a]].</ref> O ne a emela [[ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a latlhegelwa ke go bata setilo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBasimanebotlhe2014|Basimanebotlhe 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le itlhophetsweng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo Pusong eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotsamai2014|Motsamai 2014]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMosikare2014|Mosikare 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso ke Khama, a tlhatlhama [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Mothusatautona wa Botswana yo wa nako eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPiet2015|Piet 2015]].</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa Seychelles kwa Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana kwa ntle go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPhiloBonnelame2015|Philo & Bonnelame 2015]].</ref> O ne a direla mo maemong ao go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, fa mo kabakanngwa cabinet, a ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2016b|''Mmegi'' 2016b]].</ref> Morago ga gore Khama a tloge mo maemong a botautona ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , Dow o ne a sutisiwa ke Tautona yo o tsenang Masisi go tswa mo Thutong go ya kwa maemong a Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo ya Matlo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMwakideu2018|Mwakideu 2018]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2018|Gabathuse 2018]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi 2018, mo phetogong ya cabinet, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele, a ananya setilo sa gagwe mo Mafaratlhatlheng le Matlo le Vincent Tina Seretse, yo o neng a tshwere Merero ya Mafatshe a sele mo nakong e e fetileng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMorupisi2018|Morupisi 2018]].</ref> Masisi o ne a fenya botautona mo [[ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa 2019]] mme a tlhomamisa gape Dow jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele ya palamente ya bo lesome le bobedi ya Botswana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2019|''Mmegi'' 2019]].</ref> Dow mmogo le barwadie Cheshe le Natasha, o ne a bula Dow Academy kwa Mochudi, [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng]] ka Firikgong 2020. Sekolo seno se se ikemetseng se ruta thuto e potlana le e kgolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLuebering2020|Luebering 2020]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Dow o ne a tlogela bodiredi jwa gagwe mme a emisediwa ka Lemogang Kwape mo phetogong ya cabinet.<ref name=":14">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotlhoka2020|Motlhoka 2020]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2020|Gabathuse 2020]].</ref> Dow o buile ka kgato e, "Jaaka tona o bua thata ka portfolio ya gago. Mme [[banka e e kwa morago]] e go naya kgololesego ya go botsolotsa dikgang tse di farologaneng tse di amang bosetšhaba. Tekanyetso e le nosi ke boemo jwa lekoko la me mo kgannyeng e e rileng".<ref name=":14" /> == Go kwala == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi , fa Dow a ne a simolola go gatisa dibuka tsa dinaane, ke bakwadi ba le mmalwa fela ba Batswana ba ba neng ba dirile dibuka tse di neng tsa fitlhelela babadi kwa ntle ga Botswana. <ref name=":15" /> Lengwe la mabaka a seno e ne e le kganetso e e tiileng ya boeteledipele jwa Batswana gore MaBorithane ba kopanye kgaolo ya bona le ya Aforika Borwa, e e neng ya isa kwa go itshireletseng kgatlhanong le Pan-Africanism le go tlhoka dipeeletso mo mafaratlhatlheng a setšhaba le tlhabololo ya thuto. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;34, 36.</ref> Bobedi dibuka tsa gagwe tsa non-fiction le tsa fiction di kopanya dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le seabe sa tsona mo bong le mo kagong ya maatla. <ref name=":9" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;35.</ref>Mosebetsi o mong le o mong wa Dow o hlahloba ditlwaelo tsa setjhaba tse lebisang ho se leka-lekane ha dikamano tsa matla le ho susumetsa pefo kgahlanong le basadi, tlhekefetso ya thobalano ya bana, bothata ba AIDS, le ho se lekane ha bong. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012,]] p.&#x20;151.</ref> Batho ba ba mo bukeng ya gagwe ba dirisa tlhaloganyo go ganana le ngwao e e sa utlwaleng mme ba gakolola mmadi ka botlhokwa jwa setso sa setso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012]], p.&#x20;153.</ref> Ka padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, Far and Beyon' (2000), Dow o ne a bua thata ka ga leroborobo la AIDS le ditlamorago tsa tirisodikgoka mo malapeng, segolo jang ka fa basadi ba ba tshelang mo setšhabeng sa borra-bana ba lebanang le malapa a a senang borre ka ntlha ya tshenyo e e tlisitseng kwa Botswana ya kwa magaeng. <ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;40.</ref>E sekaseka dithibelo tsa ditlwaelo tsa setso, meetlo, le ditheo tse di beilweng mo basading le mo basading ka go dirisa dikago tse di ikaegileng ka banna.<ref name=":17" /> Mo kanegelong eno, Mara, mmè yo o sa itseng go bala le go kwala yo o nang le bokgoni jo bo lekanyeditsweng jwa go itlamela, o setse a na le monna a le mongwe le barwa ba le babedi ba ba bolawang ke AIDS, monna yo mongwe a mo latlha, mme molekane wa gagwe wa boraro o mo sotla.<ref name=":18">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p.&#x20;38</ref> <ref name=":17" />Mara o bolela gore loso lwa barwa ba gagwe lo bakilwe ke mmaba yo o fitlhegileng mme o batla dikarabo mo go yo o bolelelang pele isagwe. Le fa morwadie, Mosadi (e e rayang mosadi), yo o itsegeng jaaka Mosa, le morwawe yo o setseng, Stan, ba sa dumele gore meetlo ya mmoki e tla tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang fa bomorwarraabone ba sule, ba tsamaya mmogo le meletlo e e laetsweng. <ref name=":18" /> Fa Mosa a lemoga gore o imile mme o latlhetswe ke rraagwe ngwana, o swetsa go senya mpa ka sephiri, go na le go imetsa mmaagwe go feta.<ref name=":18" /> Mo maitekong a go fodisa lelapa la gagwe, Mosa o sekaseka ditlwaelo tsa loago tse di kgaoganyang banna le basadi le go godisa ditiro tsa banna, a ruta basadi go itlhokomolosa diphoso tsa bone. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;41.</ref>A nna a ikanyega mo lelapeng la gagwe le mo setsong sa gagwe, o ithuta go gana go amogela maitsholo a a sa siamang mo setšhabeng sa gaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Ka tsela e, Dow o tlhatlhoba gore go ineela ga setšhaba le go didimala ka diphoso mo setšhabeng go isa jang kwa tlhakatlhakanong ya mogopolo le go dirisa ba ba senang maatla ka tsela e e sa siamang ke ba ba nang le maatla go feta. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;38–40.</ref> Dipolelo tse di tshwanang di ne tsa tsenngwa mo bukeng ya bobedi ya ga Dow, The Screaming of the Innocent (2001), e e sekasekang gape maatlafatso ya basadi mo nageng e e tletseng ka bonweenwee jwa sepodisi, polao ya ngwao, sephiri sa setheo, le tidimalo ya setšhaba. <ref name=":15" /> Go batlisisa tlwaelo ya setso ya dipheko, go bolaya mongwe go kotula dirwe tsa gagwe tsa mmele ka ntlha ya dinonofo tsa bone tsa boselamose tsa lesego le katlego, Dow o bontsha ka moo bahumi le ba ba maatla ba tsomang ka teng batho ba ba sa itseng go bala le go kwala ba kwa magaeng le go reka tidimalo ya babusi. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;40–41.</ref>Mo bukeng, mosetsanyana o bolailwe mo sekgweng gaufi le motse wa gaabo mme tshedimosetso ka ga kgetsi e ne ya thibelwa ke sepodisi le banna ba ba maatla ba lefelo la gaabo. Go kgaolwa ga mmele wa gagwe go fitlhilwe mo bukeng e le letshwao le le supang gore batho ga ba amogele mekgwa e e ntseng jalo mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Protagonist, Amantle Bokaa, yo o fetsang tirelo ya gagwe ya bosetšhaba (e e itsegeng kwa Botswana jaaka Tirelo Sechaba), o fitlhela diaparo tse di nang le madi mo kamoreng ya tleliniki e a e abetsweng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;42–43.</ref> Diaparo tseno ke tsa motho mongwe yo o neng a bolailwe pele ga moo, mme fa di neelwa baagi ba motse ba lemoga gore ba ne ba sa di itse. Bokaa, ka gore baagi ba motse ba dumela gore ga a kitla a bonwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke balaodi, o tlhophiwa go bua le mapodisi mo boemong jwa baagi ba motse.[ 78] Ka gore ke mosadi le ngwana, o lebega a sena maatla, mme thuto ya gagwe, e e mo rutileng bokgoni jwa go dirisana le kganetso le go belaela ditumelo, e mo naya maatla le boitshepo go gwetlha molao wa tidimalo le dikgoreletsi tsa loago mo tseleng ya gagwe. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;43.</ref> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNgom2018|Ngom 2018,]] p.&#x20;23.</ref>Tiro ya ga Dow ga e bue fela ka dikamano tsa maatla, mme gape e bua ka dilo tse di tshosang tsa polao ya ngwao le polao ya basadi.[ 80] O tlhalosa ka tlhamalalo tumelo ya gagwe ya gore basadi e tla nna bone ba ba tla fetolang dipholisi go fedisa mekgwa e e ntseng jalo.[ 81] Far and Beyon′ e ne ya gololwa la ntlha kwa Botswana mme morago ya gatisiwa kwa Australia. The Screaming of the Innocent e ne ya gatisiwa la ntlha kwa Australia mme ya gatisiwa gape kwa Afrika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro. Buka ya gagwe ya boraro, Juggling Truths, e ne ya phasaladiwa ngwaga oo kwa Australia mme ya gololwa ngwaga o o latelang kwa Afrika Borwa. 82] Dow gape o ne a tlhatlhoba ditlwaelo tsa setso tse di sa siamang le ditlwaelo tsa loago ka maano a go di lwantsha.[ 83] Le fa a ne a kile a batlisisa ka ga setšhaba sa Aforika le mathata a a bakilweng ke go ganana le segompieno sa Bophirima le setso sa selegae, tiro e e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo tiragalong ya go lekalekanya go dumalana le ditlwaelo tse di siameng le tse di sa siamang mo setsong sa selegae. [ Ka go dirisa setshwano sa Monei, mosetsana yo monnye yo o nnang mo motseng wa magae, Dow o tlhatlhoba dingwao tsa molomo le tiriso ya ditlhamane le ditlhamane jaaka tsela ya go tsenya dikaelo tsa maitsholo le jaaka taolo ya loago mo baneng. 85] Buka eno e gwetlha dilo tse di jaaka tumelo ya gore go bolaya segwagwa se se nnang se lebile go ka baka matsubutsubu a magolo, gore go tsalana le motho yo o nang le boswafi go ka tlisa bomadimabe, kana gore go nwa motlhapo wa poo go ka thusa motho go ithuta go letsa molodi. Gape e na le dipolelo tse di buang ka selalome sa monna se se medisang bana le moruti yo o sotlang basetsana ka tlhakanelodikobo. Ditema tse di mo kanegelong di golaganya Juggling Truths le dibuka tsa ntlha tse pedi tsa ga Dow mme di kaya gore basetsana le basadi ba kgona go tlhabolola nonofo ya bone ka thuto le go akanya ka go ikemela. 85][86] Dow o atamela tshekatsheko ya gagwe ya go raraana ga loago a dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditsereganyo, a lemoga gore ga go na ditharabololo tse di bonolo.[ 87] Juggling Truths e ne e le moanelwa wa Percy FitzPatrick Prize mo setlhopheng sa basha ba ba godileng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro.[ 88] Buka ya Dow ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa ya The Heavens May Fall e bua ka boitshupo jo bo fetogang go tswa mo setšhabeng sa setso go ya mo lefatsheng la segompieno la lefatshe lotlhe. Mo matlhong a ga Dow, setšhaba se fetoga ka metlha; ka ntlha ya seo, ngwao, bong, boitshupo, puo, kago ya loago le ditheo di a fetoga. 89] Kgang e e buang ka botshelo jwa ga Dow, e bua ka phetogo go tswa mo ditseleng tse di se nang ditshipi go ya go diphaepe tsa metsi tsa mo teng ga ntlo le ka moo khumo ya teemane e neng ya dira gore go nne le thuto, tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo le ditirelo.[ Buka e e neetswe bana ba gagwe ba bararo, e boeletsa ka moo dikakanyo ka ga bone di fetogileng ka teng, jaaka e le Maaforika, mme gape ba abelana ka boitshupo jo bo raraaneng ka gonne rraabone e ne e le moagi wa US. Mo nakong e kgang e diragalang ka yone, ba ne ba tla tsewa e le batswakwa. 91] Kgang e e bua ka Naledi, yo o belegweng pele ga go dirwa ga Botswana sešwa mme e diragala ka nako ya fa Dow a ne a gwetlha molao wa bosetšhaba.[ 92] Jaaka mmueledi, Naledi o emela basadi ba ba bokoa le bana ba ba tlhokang katlholo kgotsa thuso ya semolao. O tsaya kgetsi ya lekgarebe lengwe le le neng la betelelwa mme o senola gore tsamaiso ya semolao e e laolwang ke banna e ne e na le seabe, e leng se se dirileng gore kgetsi eno e se ka ya sekwa ka nako ya tsheko. Le fa kgetse e sa rarabololwa, molatofadiwa o ne a laelwa go dira teko ya HIV, ka ntlha ya gore motlhaselwa wa gagwe o ne a kile a tlhakanela dikobo a sa itshireletsa,[93] se se gatelelang diphetogo tsa loago le go fetofetoga ga maemo. Go nna monna ga go ne go naya molatofadiwa tshiamelo kgotsa maatla a go tila teko mo nageng e mo go yona tsamaiso ya molao e nang le tshireletso go akaretsa tshireletso ya basadi,[94] go sa kgathalesege gore tsamaiso ya molao e ne ya palelwa kwa bofelong Naledi.[ 68] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1959]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Baatlhodi ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Molwela-ditshwanelo tsa bomme wa Botswana]] == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Mme Unity Diswai o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1959, kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro, kwa [[Mochudi]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgaolong ya Kgatleng]] mo [[Botswana]] (yo ka nako e o a neng a bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]] ), <ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> ke ngwana wa batsadi ba gagwe e bong rre Phiri le mme Maefshane Diswai (ba gape ba itsegeng ka maina a Moses le Ellen Diswai), bobedi jo bo tsalatswe mo morafeng wa [[Basarwa]] fa godimo ga moo ke maloko a morafe wa BaKgatla.<ref name=":0" /> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> Motse wa selegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sena ditsela tsa sekonotiri, motlakase le fa e le metsi a a elelang. Go ne go sena megala ya letheka mme o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi ka matlho go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, le fa e le setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=48}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref> . Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme a sa kgone go bala le go kwala ka Sekgoa.<ref><ref name=":1" /></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>. Rraagwe yo o neng a berekela mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua ebile a kgona go bala Sekgoa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>E ne ya re fa rraagwe a tsena sekolo, o ne a ikgapela thuso ya madi a go tsena kwa [[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Fort Hare]], mme thuso e o e ne ya fiwa morwa wa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba dumela gore thuto ke selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa ithutelo tiro.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref> Dithuto tsa bone [[:en:Western_culture|tsa kwa Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelesega mo magaeng a Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref> Mme Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana_and_Swaziland|sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland]] . <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref>. Ka go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Boritheini mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona setlankana sa gagwe [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|sa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao]] ka ngwaga wa 1983 kwa sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2012 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|pp=49–50}}</ref></ref>. == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> gmegq9rtqdrq30wglt9rpkfhfj70d9w 53363 53358 2026-07-27T14:17:23Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Law and activism" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358461802|Unity Dow]]" 53363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Unity Dow|office=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Botswana)|Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]|image=Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6269953840.jpg|alt=Photograph of an African woman in a grey brocaded suit standing in front of a backdrop depicting a group of African women in blue dresses, while giving a speech. She is wearing a geometrically patterned beaded neck collar, has a yellow device in her right hand, and is pointing with her left index finger to the left of the stage.|caption=Dow in 2011|predecessor=[[Vincent T. Seretse]]|president=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|successor=[[Lemogang Kwape]]|term_start=2 November 2019|term_end=26 August 2020|majority2=193 (1.66%)|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Kgatleng West]]|predecessor2=''new constituency''|party=[[Botswana Congress Party]]|birth_name=Unity Diswai|birth_date={{birth date and age|1959|4|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Mochudi]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (now [[Botswana]]|spouse={{Marriage|Peter Nathan Dow|7 March 1984}}<br/> Karl J. Stahl{{sfn|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology|2008}}|children=3|alma_mater=[[University of Botswana and Swaziland]] ([[LLB]])<br>[[University of Edinburgh]]|profession=Lawyer, judge, politician, writer, and human rights activist}} '''Unity Dow''' (née '''Diswai'''; o tshotswe ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro 1959) ke mmueledi wa [[Botswana|Motswana]]<sup>[<nowiki/>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|N]]</sup><sup>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|opolo 1]]]</sup>, mokwadi, [[molweladitshwanelo tsa batho]] le [[Leloko la Palamente]] la [[Kgatleng Bophirima]] e sale ka Ngwanatsele 2024. O kile a nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] le mo phateng a a farologaneng a Botswana. O tsholetswe kwa [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] ke moroki le molemimorui, ba ba neng ba gatelela gore bana ba bone ba bone thuto, Dow o goletse mo motseng wa setso wa legae pele ga ditlhabololo tsa segompieno. O ne a bona thuto ya molao ka 1983 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]], le fa dithuto tsa gagwe di ne tsa wediwa kwa Swaziland le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], kwa Scotland, ka Botswana a ne a sena sekolo sa molao ka nako eo. Fa a sena go aloga, Dow o ne a bula kantoro ya ntlha ya molao e le ya basadi gotlhe mo Botswana mme ka 1997 a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya lefatshe leo. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo tirong ya molao, Dow o ne a amega mo dikgetsing di le tharo tsa ditso mo Botswana. Ka 1992, e ne e le mongongoregi mo kgetsing e e botlhokwa ya semolao, ''[[Unity Dow v Attorney-Genera]]''l, e e neng ya fedisa go tlhaola batho ka bong mo [[melaong ya bosetšhaba]] ya setšhaba e pele e neng e sa letle bana go bona bosetšhaba mo go bommaabone ba ba nyetsweng. Kgetse e ne ya bonela Dow tebelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba mme ya tsosa lekhubu la diphetogo tse di fedisang go sa lekalekane ga bong mo melaong ya bosetšhaba go ralala Aforika. Ka 2006, jaaka moatlhodi yo o okametseng kgetse ya ga ''Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana'', Dow o ne a atlhola kgatlhanong le ditiro tsa puso tsa go thibela [[batho ba tlholego ba Basarwa]] go nna le go tsoma mo [[mafelong a borraabonemogologolwane]], mme seo sa ba pateletsa go nna gape kwa ntle ga [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]]. O ne a atlhola gore puso e tshwanetse go busetsa ditirelo tsa motheo, e letle Basarwa go boela mo lefatsheng le go bona ditetla tsa go tsoma, le go duela ditshenyegelo mo go ba ba fudusitsweng ka dikgoka fa ba ka tlhopha go se boele. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi wa semolao wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetseng ya bone ya go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa Lephateng la Kwadiso ya Matsalo mme ba atlega go amogela katlholo ya gore puso e letle mokgatlho o kwadisiwe. Dow o ne a tlhophiwa la ntlha go tsena mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 2014, fa a ne a tlhophiwa ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] jaaka mopalamente yo o itlhophetsweng. O ne a tlhomiwa la ntlha go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mme ka 2015 a nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso. Morago ga moo o ne a dira jaaka Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo, Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo, le Tona ya Merero ya mafatshe a sele, pele ga a nna moeteledipele wa [[lemorago]] ka 2020. O dirile mo dikhuduthamageng le dikomiting di le mmalwa tsa boditšhabatšhaba, a sekaseka tiriso ya melao e e amang ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa [[Kenya]], [[Palastina]], [[Rwanda]] le [[Sierra Leone]]. Ka 2000, Dow o ne a simolola go gatisa dipadi, ka tlwaelo o ne a lebile dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le ditlamorago tsa tsone mo dipopegong tsa bong le tsa maatla. Dibuka tse di sekaseka mekgwa ya loago le go dirisa batho botlhaswa ka go ba sotlaka, go dirisa dikgoka le go gatelela ditshwanelo tsa batho. O amogetse dikakgolo le ditlotla di le dintsi ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go thusa batho, go akaretsa le [[Legion of Honor]] ka 2010. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Unity Dow o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1959 mo motseng wa [[Mochudi]], mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|kgaolong ya Kgatleng]], mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]] le ka nako eo e neng ele [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]]<ref name=":0">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi 2012]], p. 248.</ref><ref name=":15">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p. 34.</ref> mo batsading ba gagwe Phiri le Maefshane Diswai (ba ba itsegeng gape ka leina la Moses le Ellen Diswai), ditlogolwana tsa merafe ya tlholego ya [[Basarwa]] le maloko a merafe ya Bakgatla. Motseselegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sa tshelwa ditsela, motlakase le metsi a a elang. Go ne go sena mesokelatsebeng e bile o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bonana, le fa e le thelebishene go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 48.</ref><ref name=":1">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFEllis2012|Ellis 2012.]]</ref> Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme e seng Seesemane.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2007|''Sunday Standard'' 2007.]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 49.</ref> Rraagwe, yo o neng a bereka mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua le go bala Seesemane.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNarloch2012|Narloch 2012]], p. 3.</ref> Fa rraagwe a ne a le kwa sekolong, o ne a gapa thuso ya madi a go tsena [[Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare]], mme thuso eo e ne ya newa morwa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Mo batsading ba gagwe ka bobedi, thuto e ne ya nna selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa yunibesithi.<ref name=":3" /> Dithuto tsa bone tsa [[Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelega mo metseselegaeng ya Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":2" /> Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ka gonne go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Borithane o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona digerata ya gagwe ya [[Bachelor of Laws]] ka 1983 kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_Edinburgh2010|University of Edinburgh 2010.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], pp. 49–50.</ref> == Molao le bolweladitshwanelo == === Tiro ya gagwe ya pele (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6266756376.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Unity Dow]] Diswai o ne a bona dithutego tsa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go bereka kwa dikantorong tsa [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana]] e le mosekisi wa melato ya borukutlhi kwa [[Gaborone]]. O nyalane le moagi wa Amerika, Peter Nathan Dow, ka Mopitlo a supa 1984. Banyalani ba ba ne ba nna kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1986, Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong e e ikemetseng ka nosi e e neng e dira tiro ya molao wa bosenyi, mme a bula feme ya Dow Malakaila, e leng feme ya ntlha ya molao ya basadi-botlhe mo lefatsheng leo. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa bomme mo Botswana sa [[Emang Basadi]] (Emela Basadi ka dinao). Ka 1988, leina la feme le ne la fetolwa moragonyana go nna Dow Lesetedi and Company.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSegwai2008|Segwai 2008.]]</ref><ref name=":4" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a simolola mmogo mokgatlho wa Basadi le Molao mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WLSA) go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dikgetsi.<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka 1988 go fitlha ka 1991, Dow o ne a direla WLSA dipatlisiso, a thusa go wetsa thutopatlisiso ya kgaolo ka ga ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi mo mafatsheng a le marataro tse di mabapi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> Ka 1990, o thusitse go tlhoma Lefelo la Tshedimosetso la Basadi la Metlhaetsile go rotloetsa thuto ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1990, Dow o ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolong ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagi wa 1984, ke fela [[bana ba ba seng ka fa molaong]] ba ba neng ba ka bona bosetšhaba ka mmaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1992|Quansah 1992]], p. 196.</ref> Ka bana ba gagwe ba le babedi mo go ba le bararo le Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa tsewe e le Batswana.<ref name=":6">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 294.</ref> Ka go boifa gore go ka nna le kgonagalo ya gore fa tetla ya ga Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng e felelwa ke nako ka 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ka nna la patelesega go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola kgetsi ya [[Unity Dow v Attorney-General]] a latofatsa gore Molao wa Boagi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefadiwa le go sotlakakwa mo go seng mo sethong. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela e ema Dow nokeng e dumalana gore molao o ama tlhopho ya gagwe e e gololesegileng ya gore o tla nyala mang, o ka mo pateletsa go kgaogana le lelwapa la gagwe fa ditetlelelo tsa bonno tsa monna wa gagwe le bana ba gagwe di sa ntšhwafadiwe, mme o ne o tlhaola.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColdham1992|Coldham 1992]], pp. 91–92.</ref> === Tiro ya magareng (1991–2009) === Dow o ne a tsere sebaka sa dingwaga di le pedi a beetse tiro ya gagwe ya molao kwa tlhoko ka 1991 ka ntlha ya kgetse e mme ka nako eo, o ne a simolola mmogo Sekolo se se botlana sa Baobob kwa Gaborone le AIDS Action Trust.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColumbia_Law_School2009|Columbia Law School 2009.]]</ref> O ne a dira jaaka mogokaganyi wa WLSA go tloga ka 1992 go fitlha ka 1994,<ref name=":5" /> fa boikuelo jwa kgetse ya gagwe bo santse bo letilwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo, ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya nganga gore go tlhaola basadi go sireleditswe ke dipeelo tsa molaomotheo go somarela dingwao tsa setso tsa Botswana, e e neng e le setšhaba sa [[losika lwa borre]].<ref name=":6" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 190–191.</ref> Mmueledi Mogolo le ene o ne a ganela gore Dow o ne a na le maitsetsepelo, a bolela gore ene ka boene ga a a utlwisiwa botlhoko ke sepe.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 190.</ref> [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Tautona ya Baatlhodi [[Austin Amissah]], e ne ya swetsa ka gore kgethololo ya bong e thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ka se fete dipeelo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse Botswana e neng e na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le modumedi wa tsone.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 295.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 196.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya maitsetsepelo, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go na le kgonagalo ya gore a ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne a gobaditswe, mme go kgaogana le ba lelwapa la gagwe go tla bo go nyenyefatsa le go tlhoka setho.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 200–201.</ref> Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa katlholo ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditseko ka diphetogo tse dinnye, ya bolela gore Dikarolo tsa bone le botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagi ga di dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 189.</ref> Ka ntlha ya katlholo e e botlhokwa e, ka 1995 Molao wa Boagi o ne wa baakanngwa go tlosa go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go boneng bosetšhaba mo Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 50.</ref> Katlholo e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go ralala Aforika go gatelela phetogo mo melaong ya bone ya bosetšhaba le go fedisa go sa lekalekane ga bong, mme seno sa felela ka gore mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa mafatshe a Aforika a baakanye melao ya bosetšhaba ka 2010.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPailey2020|Pailey 2020]], p. 1839.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 48.</ref> Go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 1998, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mokaedi wa Setheo sa Tshedimosetso sa Basadi sa Metlhaetsile mme ka nako eo o ne a gatisa ''The Citizenship Case'' ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa kgetse ya gagwe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Ka 1996, o ne a dira mo kgetsing e e neng e amana le [[go tlhokomela bana]] e e neng ya felela ka gore go dirwe phetolo ya melao ya tshegetso, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa o ne a tlhagisa kgetse ka ga [[bolwetse jwa basadi ba ba itewang]], a tsaya gore tseno ke dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo basading.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDavis2014|Davis 2014]], p. 227.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kwa kgotlatshekelong ka Firikgong 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetlho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go dira jaaka moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko.<ref name=":16">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi]] 2012, p. 249.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , Dow o ne a dira jaaka karolo ya thomo ya [[Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le [[Charlotte Abaka]] wa Mo-Ghana, yo e kileng ya bo e le modulasetilo wa [[Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref name=":7">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDivision_for_the_Advancement_of_Women2004|Division for the Advancement of Women 2004]], p. 8.</ref> [[Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya Middle East Technical University ya Bong le Basadi; kwa [[Ankara]], kwa Turkey;<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBianet2019|Bianet 2019.]]</ref> [[Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre kwa [[Accra]];<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBowman2019|Bowman 2019]], p. 4.</ref> le Moaforika Borwa, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]], moporofesara wa molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|Yunibesithing ya Pennsylvania]] [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|State]].<ref name=":7" /> Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna molaodi wa [[Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong ao ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref name=":12">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLazaroff2012|Lazaroff 2012]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro , o ne a tlhophiwa go direla mo komiting e kgolo ya Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi le balaodi ba le barataro ba ba boelelang le maloko a mararo a masha, go akaretsa le ene, [[Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa [[Serbia]] le [[Raji Sourani]] wa [[Palastina]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPalestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights2006|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights 2006]].</ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo kgetsing ya ''[[Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa kwa Kgotleng Kgolo ya Ditsheko ka 2002 ke batho ba Basarwa<ref name=":10">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 103–104, 107.</ref> (ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwang batho ba naga ya Kalahari)<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa kgetsi mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le 241 ba ba neng ba tsena mo kgetsing fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e fedisa metsi mo lefelong leno la polokelo, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisa go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, le go leka go tlosa Basarwa ka dikgoka kwa ba nnang teng. Ba ne ba baakanya kgetse ya bone go akaretsa go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa naga go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong la tshireletso kwantle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya diteseletso tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref name=":10" /> Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka 2006, Dow o ne ya swetsa ka gore go fedisiwa ga ditirelo le go patelediwa go fudusiwa ga Basarwa go ne go emela tlolomolao ya tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaomotheo.<ref name=":5" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 108–109.</ref> O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ditshenyegelo di duelwe ba ba neng ba fudusitswe mme ba se na keletso ya go boa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 109.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro ba ne ba dumalana gore di ne di thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, ka le fa Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa Naga le ne le sa patelesege go ntsha diteseletso, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela ka nako e gape ba neng ba emisa mophako, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa batho ba Basarwa jwa go itshedisa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 115–117.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go dirisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 120.</ref> Kgetse e, go ya ka moporofesa wa molao Clement Ng'ong'ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana go amogela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba tlholego mo mafatsheng a borraabonemogologolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 121.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, Dow o ne a dira jaaka leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya Rwanda le go sekaseka gore lefatshe le ka tswa jang mo [[dikgotlhang]] tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya yone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo dikgetseng tsa [[polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba bo tshekiso e e sa tseeng letlhakore.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREF%C3%85hlund2007|Åhlund 2007]], p. 5.</ref><ref name=":11">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_South_Australia2009|University of South Australia 2009]].</ref> Nngwe ya dikgetsi tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le malebang le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la dino tse di tagang. Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome mararo mme kgetse e ne ya feleletsa e tholotswe.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a rola tiro mo setilong ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Yunibesithi ya Washington le Lee]] kwa [[Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a dira jaaka moporofesa yo o etileng kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" /> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010–gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , Dow o ne a tlhoma feme ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi eo o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[Tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong ya Nakwana e e Ikemetseng ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go diragatsa [[Molaomotheo]] o mosha wa Kenya.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNSW_Bar_Association2011|NSW Bar Association 2011]].</ref><ref name=":9" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe , o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetulo wa Komiti e kgolo ya Molaodi wa Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCrowe2011|Crowe 2011]].</ref> Mo ngwageng oo Dow o ne a simolola go dira le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo tse dingwe tsa [[batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa Omang tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 247–248.</ref> Ka nako eo kwa Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba baakanye ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dikwalong tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba ya kwa ofising ya Omang le kwadiso matsalo go fetola dikwalo tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go tla ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 244, 248.</ref> Ba ne ba kopa Dow go ba thusa, mme ene o ne a ikgolaganya le [[Setheo sa Ditsheko sa Aforika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le tshegetso ya madi.<ref name=":13">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], p. 248.</ref> Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla newa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke kgetse, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo kgetsing e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa dikgetse tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref name=":13" /><sup>[Nopolo ya boraro]</sup> Go fitlhelela seo, Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetsing ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya matsalo. Mokgatlho o ne o ganetswe ka go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Badiri le Merero ya Selegae, ka mabaka a gore ditiro tsa thatano ya bong di ne di se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng leo. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho go tlola tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore kgetse e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa thobalano, mme e le gore a maloko a ka kokoana le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014a|Mokwape 2014a]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha le go se letla go kopana go ne go tlola Molaomotheo, Dikarolo ya boraro, lesome le bobedi, le lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, kgololesego ya go kopana, le kgololesego ya go kokoana ka go latelana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014b|Mokwape 2014b]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow and Macsuzy Mondon, September 2015.jpg|thumb|200x200px|BoTona Dow le [[Macsuzy Mondon]] (Seychelles) ba saena Memo ya Kutlwano ya lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le malatsi marataro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile lesome le bobedi , Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bonno a Iseraele a kwa West Bank a amang Bapalestina ka teng.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a swetsa go tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenelela lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2012a|''Sunday Standard'' 2012a]].</ref> O ne a emela [[ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a latlhegelwa ke go bata setilo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBasimanebotlhe2014|Basimanebotlhe 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le itlhophetsweng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo Pusong eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotsamai2014|Motsamai 2014]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMosikare2014|Mosikare 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso ke Khama, a tlhatlhama [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Mothusatautona wa Botswana yo wa nako eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPiet2015|Piet 2015]].</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa Seychelles kwa Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana kwa ntle go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPhiloBonnelame2015|Philo & Bonnelame 2015]].</ref> O ne a direla mo maemong ao go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, fa mo kabakanngwa cabinet, a ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2016b|''Mmegi'' 2016b]].</ref> Morago ga gore Khama a tloge mo maemong a botautona ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , Dow o ne a sutisiwa ke Tautona yo o tsenang Masisi go tswa mo Thutong go ya kwa maemong a Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo ya Matlo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMwakideu2018|Mwakideu 2018]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2018|Gabathuse 2018]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi 2018, mo phetogong ya cabinet, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele, a ananya setilo sa gagwe mo Mafaratlhatlheng le Matlo le Vincent Tina Seretse, yo o neng a tshwere Merero ya Mafatshe a sele mo nakong e e fetileng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMorupisi2018|Morupisi 2018]].</ref> Masisi o ne a fenya botautona mo [[ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa 2019]] mme a tlhomamisa gape Dow jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele ya palamente ya bo lesome le bobedi ya Botswana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2019|''Mmegi'' 2019]].</ref> Dow mmogo le barwadie Cheshe le Natasha, o ne a bula Dow Academy kwa Mochudi, [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng]] ka Firikgong 2020. Sekolo seno se se ikemetseng se ruta thuto e potlana le e kgolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLuebering2020|Luebering 2020]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Dow o ne a tlogela bodiredi jwa gagwe mme a emisediwa ka Lemogang Kwape mo phetogong ya cabinet.<ref name=":14">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotlhoka2020|Motlhoka 2020]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2020|Gabathuse 2020]].</ref> Dow o buile ka kgato e, "Jaaka tona o bua thata ka portfolio ya gago. Mme [[banka e e kwa morago]] e go naya kgololesego ya go botsolotsa dikgang tse di farologaneng tse di amang bosetšhaba. Tekanyetso e le nosi ke boemo jwa lekoko la me mo kgannyeng e e rileng".<ref name=":14" /> == Go kwala == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi , fa Dow a ne a simolola go gatisa dibuka tsa dinaane, ke bakwadi ba le mmalwa fela ba Batswana ba ba neng ba dirile dibuka tse di neng tsa fitlhelela babadi kwa ntle ga Botswana. <ref name=":15" /> Lengwe la mabaka a seno e ne e le kganetso e e tiileng ya boeteledipele jwa Batswana gore MaBorithane ba kopanye kgaolo ya bona le ya Aforika Borwa, e e neng ya isa kwa go itshireletseng kgatlhanong le Pan-Africanism le go tlhoka dipeeletso mo mafaratlhatlheng a setšhaba le tlhabololo ya thuto. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;34, 36.</ref> Bobedi dibuka tsa gagwe tsa non-fiction le tsa fiction di kopanya dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le seabe sa tsona mo bong le mo kagong ya maatla. <ref name=":9" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;35.</ref>Mosebetsi o mong le o mong wa Dow o hlahloba ditlwaelo tsa setjhaba tse lebisang ho se leka-lekane ha dikamano tsa matla le ho susumetsa pefo kgahlanong le basadi, tlhekefetso ya thobalano ya bana, bothata ba AIDS, le ho se lekane ha bong. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012,]] p.&#x20;151.</ref> Batho ba ba mo bukeng ya gagwe ba dirisa tlhaloganyo go ganana le ngwao e e sa utlwaleng mme ba gakolola mmadi ka botlhokwa jwa setso sa setso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012]], p.&#x20;153.</ref> Ka padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, Far and Beyon' (2000), Dow o ne a bua thata ka ga leroborobo la AIDS le ditlamorago tsa tirisodikgoka mo malapeng, segolo jang ka fa basadi ba ba tshelang mo setšhabeng sa borra-bana ba lebanang le malapa a a senang borre ka ntlha ya tshenyo e e tlisitseng kwa Botswana ya kwa magaeng. <ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;40.</ref>E sekaseka dithibelo tsa ditlwaelo tsa setso, meetlo, le ditheo tse di beilweng mo basading le mo basading ka go dirisa dikago tse di ikaegileng ka banna.<ref name=":17" /> Mo kanegelong eno, Mara, mmè yo o sa itseng go bala le go kwala yo o nang le bokgoni jo bo lekanyeditsweng jwa go itlamela, o setse a na le monna a le mongwe le barwa ba le babedi ba ba bolawang ke AIDS, monna yo mongwe a mo latlha, mme molekane wa gagwe wa boraro o mo sotla.<ref name=":18">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p.&#x20;38</ref> <ref name=":17" />Mara o bolela gore loso lwa barwa ba gagwe lo bakilwe ke mmaba yo o fitlhegileng mme o batla dikarabo mo go yo o bolelelang pele isagwe. Le fa morwadie, Mosadi (e e rayang mosadi), yo o itsegeng jaaka Mosa, le morwawe yo o setseng, Stan, ba sa dumele gore meetlo ya mmoki e tla tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang fa bomorwarraabone ba sule, ba tsamaya mmogo le meletlo e e laetsweng. <ref name=":18" /> Fa Mosa a lemoga gore o imile mme o latlhetswe ke rraagwe ngwana, o swetsa go senya mpa ka sephiri, go na le go imetsa mmaagwe go feta.<ref name=":18" /> Mo maitekong a go fodisa lelapa la gagwe, Mosa o sekaseka ditlwaelo tsa loago tse di kgaoganyang banna le basadi le go godisa ditiro tsa banna, a ruta basadi go itlhokomolosa diphoso tsa bone. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;41.</ref>A nna a ikanyega mo lelapeng la gagwe le mo setsong sa gagwe, o ithuta go gana go amogela maitsholo a a sa siamang mo setšhabeng sa gaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Ka tsela e, Dow o tlhatlhoba gore go ineela ga setšhaba le go didimala ka diphoso mo setšhabeng go isa jang kwa tlhakatlhakanong ya mogopolo le go dirisa ba ba senang maatla ka tsela e e sa siamang ke ba ba nang le maatla go feta. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;38–40.</ref> Dipolelo tse di tshwanang di ne tsa tsenngwa mo bukeng ya bobedi ya ga Dow, The Screaming of the Innocent (2001), e e sekasekang gape maatlafatso ya basadi mo nageng e e tletseng ka bonweenwee jwa sepodisi, polao ya ngwao, sephiri sa setheo, le tidimalo ya setšhaba. <ref name=":15" /> Go batlisisa tlwaelo ya setso ya dipheko, go bolaya mongwe go kotula dirwe tsa gagwe tsa mmele ka ntlha ya dinonofo tsa bone tsa boselamose tsa lesego le katlego, Dow o bontsha ka moo bahumi le ba ba maatla ba tsomang ka teng batho ba ba sa itseng go bala le go kwala ba kwa magaeng le go reka tidimalo ya babusi. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;40–41.</ref>Mo bukeng, mosetsanyana o bolailwe mo sekgweng gaufi le motse wa gaabo mme tshedimosetso ka ga kgetsi e ne ya thibelwa ke sepodisi le banna ba ba maatla ba lefelo la gaabo. Go kgaolwa ga mmele wa gagwe go fitlhilwe mo bukeng e le letshwao le le supang gore batho ga ba amogele mekgwa e e ntseng jalo mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Protagonist, Amantle Bokaa, yo o fetsang tirelo ya gagwe ya bosetšhaba (e e itsegeng kwa Botswana jaaka Tirelo Sechaba), o fitlhela diaparo tse di nang le madi mo kamoreng ya tleliniki e a e abetsweng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;42–43.</ref> Diaparo tseno ke tsa motho mongwe yo o neng a bolailwe pele ga moo, mme fa di neelwa baagi ba motse ba lemoga gore ba ne ba sa di itse. Bokaa, ka gore baagi ba motse ba dumela gore ga a kitla a bonwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke balaodi, o tlhophiwa go bua le mapodisi mo boemong jwa baagi ba motse.[ 78] Ka gore ke mosadi le ngwana, o lebega a sena maatla, mme thuto ya gagwe, e e mo rutileng bokgoni jwa go dirisana le kganetso le go belaela ditumelo, e mo naya maatla le boitshepo go gwetlha molao wa tidimalo le dikgoreletsi tsa loago mo tseleng ya gagwe. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;43.</ref> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNgom2018|Ngom 2018,]] p.&#x20;23.</ref>Tiro ya ga Dow ga e bue fela ka dikamano tsa maatla, mme gape e bua ka dilo tse di tshosang tsa polao ya ngwao le polao ya basadi.[ 80] O tlhalosa ka tlhamalalo tumelo ya gagwe ya gore basadi e tla nna bone ba ba tla fetolang dipholisi go fedisa mekgwa e e ntseng jalo.[ 81] Far and Beyon′ e ne ya gololwa la ntlha kwa Botswana mme morago ya gatisiwa kwa Australia. The Screaming of the Innocent e ne ya gatisiwa la ntlha kwa Australia mme ya gatisiwa gape kwa Afrika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro. Buka ya gagwe ya boraro, Juggling Truths, e ne ya phasaladiwa ngwaga oo kwa Australia mme ya gololwa ngwaga o o latelang kwa Afrika Borwa. 82] Dow gape o ne a tlhatlhoba ditlwaelo tsa setso tse di sa siamang le ditlwaelo tsa loago ka maano a go di lwantsha.[ 83] Le fa a ne a kile a batlisisa ka ga setšhaba sa Aforika le mathata a a bakilweng ke go ganana le segompieno sa Bophirima le setso sa selegae, tiro e e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo tiragalong ya go lekalekanya go dumalana le ditlwaelo tse di siameng le tse di sa siamang mo setsong sa selegae. [ Ka go dirisa setshwano sa Monei, mosetsana yo monnye yo o nnang mo motseng wa magae, Dow o tlhatlhoba dingwao tsa molomo le tiriso ya ditlhamane le ditlhamane jaaka tsela ya go tsenya dikaelo tsa maitsholo le jaaka taolo ya loago mo baneng. 85] Buka eno e gwetlha dilo tse di jaaka tumelo ya gore go bolaya segwagwa se se nnang se lebile go ka baka matsubutsubu a magolo, gore go tsalana le motho yo o nang le boswafi go ka tlisa bomadimabe, kana gore go nwa motlhapo wa poo go ka thusa motho go ithuta go letsa molodi. Gape e na le dipolelo tse di buang ka selalome sa monna se se medisang bana le moruti yo o sotlang basetsana ka tlhakanelodikobo. Ditema tse di mo kanegelong di golaganya Juggling Truths le dibuka tsa ntlha tse pedi tsa ga Dow mme di kaya gore basetsana le basadi ba kgona go tlhabolola nonofo ya bone ka thuto le go akanya ka go ikemela. 85][86] Dow o atamela tshekatsheko ya gagwe ya go raraana ga loago a dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditsereganyo, a lemoga gore ga go na ditharabololo tse di bonolo.[ 87] Juggling Truths e ne e le moanelwa wa Percy FitzPatrick Prize mo setlhopheng sa basha ba ba godileng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro.[ 88] Buka ya Dow ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa ya The Heavens May Fall e bua ka boitshupo jo bo fetogang go tswa mo setšhabeng sa setso go ya mo lefatsheng la segompieno la lefatshe lotlhe. Mo matlhong a ga Dow, setšhaba se fetoga ka metlha; ka ntlha ya seo, ngwao, bong, boitshupo, puo, kago ya loago le ditheo di a fetoga. 89] Kgang e e buang ka botshelo jwa ga Dow, e bua ka phetogo go tswa mo ditseleng tse di se nang ditshipi go ya go diphaepe tsa metsi tsa mo teng ga ntlo le ka moo khumo ya teemane e neng ya dira gore go nne le thuto, tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo le ditirelo.[ Buka e e neetswe bana ba gagwe ba bararo, e boeletsa ka moo dikakanyo ka ga bone di fetogileng ka teng, jaaka e le Maaforika, mme gape ba abelana ka boitshupo jo bo raraaneng ka gonne rraabone e ne e le moagi wa US. Mo nakong e kgang e diragalang ka yone, ba ne ba tla tsewa e le batswakwa. 91] Kgang e e bua ka Naledi, yo o belegweng pele ga go dirwa ga Botswana sešwa mme e diragala ka nako ya fa Dow a ne a gwetlha molao wa bosetšhaba.[ 92] Jaaka mmueledi, Naledi o emela basadi ba ba bokoa le bana ba ba tlhokang katlholo kgotsa thuso ya semolao. O tsaya kgetsi ya lekgarebe lengwe le le neng la betelelwa mme o senola gore tsamaiso ya semolao e e laolwang ke banna e ne e na le seabe, e leng se se dirileng gore kgetsi eno e se ka ya sekwa ka nako ya tsheko. Le fa kgetse e sa rarabololwa, molatofadiwa o ne a laelwa go dira teko ya HIV, ka ntlha ya gore motlhaselwa wa gagwe o ne a kile a tlhakanela dikobo a sa itshireletsa,[93] se se gatelelang diphetogo tsa loago le go fetofetoga ga maemo. Go nna monna ga go ne go naya molatofadiwa tshiamelo kgotsa maatla a go tila teko mo nageng e mo go yona tsamaiso ya molao e nang le tshireletso go akaretsa tshireletso ya basadi,[94] go sa kgathalesege gore tsamaiso ya molao e ne ya palelwa kwa bofelong Naledi.[ 68] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1959]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Baatlhodi ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Molwela-ditshwanelo tsa bomme wa Botswana]] == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Mme Unity Diswai o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1959, kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro, kwa [[Mochudi]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgaolong ya Kgatleng]] mo [[Botswana]] (yo ka nako e o a neng a bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]] ), <ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> ke ngwana wa batsadi ba gagwe e bong rre Phiri le mme Maefshane Diswai (ba gape ba itsegeng ka maina a Moses le Ellen Diswai), bobedi jo bo tsalatswe mo morafeng wa [[Basarwa]] fa godimo ga moo ke maloko a morafe wa BaKgatla.<ref name=":0" /> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> Motse wa selegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sena ditsela tsa sekonotiri, motlakase le fa e le metsi a a elelang. Go ne go sena megala ya letheka mme o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi ka matlho go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, le fa e le setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=48}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref> . Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme a sa kgone go bala le go kwala ka Sekgoa.<ref><ref name=":1" /></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>. Rraagwe yo o neng a berekela mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua ebile a kgona go bala Sekgoa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>E ne ya re fa rraagwe a tsena sekolo, o ne a ikgapela thuso ya madi a go tsena kwa [[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Fort Hare]], mme thuso e o e ne ya fiwa morwa wa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba dumela gore thuto ke selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa ithutelo tiro.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref> Dithuto tsa bone [[:en:Western_culture|tsa kwa Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelesega mo magaeng a Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref> Mme Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana_and_Swaziland|sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland]] . <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref>. Ka go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Boritheini mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona setlankana sa gagwe [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|sa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao]] ka ngwaga wa 1983 kwa sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2012 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|pp=49–50}}</ref></ref>. == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> mgr02gjfkzwf0mc8ox2h2zvunh828vr 53367 53363 2026-07-27T14:32:38Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Law and activism" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358461802|Unity Dow]]" 53367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Unity Dow|office=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Botswana)|Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]|image=Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6269953840.jpg|alt=Photograph of an African woman in a grey brocaded suit standing in front of a backdrop depicting a group of African women in blue dresses, while giving a speech. She is wearing a geometrically patterned beaded neck collar, has a yellow device in her right hand, and is pointing with her left index finger to the left of the stage.|caption=Dow in 2011|predecessor=[[Vincent T. Seretse]]|president=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|successor=[[Lemogang Kwape]]|term_start=2 November 2019|term_end=26 August 2020|majority2=193 (1.66%)|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Kgatleng West]]|predecessor2=''new constituency''|party=[[Botswana Congress Party]]|birth_name=Unity Diswai|birth_date={{birth date and age|1959|4|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Mochudi]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (now [[Botswana]]|spouse={{Marriage|Peter Nathan Dow|7 March 1984}}<br/> Karl J. Stahl{{sfn|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology|2008}}|children=3|alma_mater=[[University of Botswana and Swaziland]] ([[LLB]])<br>[[University of Edinburgh]]|profession=Lawyer, judge, politician, writer, and human rights activist}} '''Unity Dow''' (née '''Diswai'''; o tshotswe ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro 1959) ke mmueledi wa [[Botswana|Motswana]]<sup>[<nowiki/>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|N]]</sup><sup>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|opolo 1]]]</sup>, mokwadi, [[molweladitshwanelo tsa batho]] le [[Leloko la Palamente]] la [[Kgatleng Bophirima]] e sale ka Ngwanatsele 2024. O kile a nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] le mo phateng a a farologaneng a Botswana. O tsholetswe kwa [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] ke moroki le molemimorui, ba ba neng ba gatelela gore bana ba bone ba bone thuto, Dow o goletse mo motseng wa setso wa legae pele ga ditlhabololo tsa segompieno. O ne a bona thuto ya molao ka 1983 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]], le fa dithuto tsa gagwe di ne tsa wediwa kwa Swaziland le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], kwa Scotland, ka Botswana a ne a sena sekolo sa molao ka nako eo. Fa a sena go aloga, Dow o ne a bula kantoro ya ntlha ya molao e le ya basadi gotlhe mo Botswana mme ka 1997 a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya lefatshe leo. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo tirong ya molao, Dow o ne a amega mo dikgetsing di le tharo tsa ditso mo Botswana. Ka 1992, e ne e le mongongoregi mo kgetsing e e botlhokwa ya semolao, ''[[Unity Dow v Attorney-Genera]]''l, e e neng ya fedisa go tlhaola batho ka bong mo [[melaong ya bosetšhaba]] ya setšhaba e pele e neng e sa letle bana go bona bosetšhaba mo go bommaabone ba ba nyetsweng. Kgetse e ne ya bonela Dow tebelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba mme ya tsosa lekhubu la diphetogo tse di fedisang go sa lekalekane ga bong mo melaong ya bosetšhaba go ralala Aforika. Ka 2006, jaaka moatlhodi yo o okametseng kgetse ya ga ''Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana'', Dow o ne a atlhola kgatlhanong le ditiro tsa puso tsa go thibela [[batho ba tlholego ba Basarwa]] go nna le go tsoma mo [[mafelong a borraabonemogologolwane]], mme seo sa ba pateletsa go nna gape kwa ntle ga [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]]. O ne a atlhola gore puso e tshwanetse go busetsa ditirelo tsa motheo, e letle Basarwa go boela mo lefatsheng le go bona ditetla tsa go tsoma, le go duela ditshenyegelo mo go ba ba fudusitsweng ka dikgoka fa ba ka tlhopha go se boele. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi wa semolao wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetseng ya bone ya go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa Lephateng la Kwadiso ya Matsalo mme ba atlega go amogela katlholo ya gore puso e letle mokgatlho o kwadisiwe. Dow o ne a tlhophiwa la ntlha go tsena mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 2014, fa a ne a tlhophiwa ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] jaaka mopalamente yo o itlhophetsweng. O ne a tlhomiwa la ntlha go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mme ka 2015 a nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso. Morago ga moo o ne a dira jaaka Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo, Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo, le Tona ya Merero ya mafatshe a sele, pele ga a nna moeteledipele wa [[lemorago]] ka 2020. O dirile mo dikhuduthamageng le dikomiting di le mmalwa tsa boditšhabatšhaba, a sekaseka tiriso ya melao e e amang ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa [[Kenya]], [[Palastina]], [[Rwanda]] le [[Sierra Leone]]. Ka 2000, Dow o ne a simolola go gatisa dipadi, ka tlwaelo o ne a lebile dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le ditlamorago tsa tsone mo dipopegong tsa bong le tsa maatla. Dibuka tse di sekaseka mekgwa ya loago le go dirisa batho botlhaswa ka go ba sotlaka, go dirisa dikgoka le go gatelela ditshwanelo tsa batho. O amogetse dikakgolo le ditlotla di le dintsi ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go thusa batho, go akaretsa le [[Legion of Honor]] ka 2010. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Unity Dow o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1959 mo motseng wa [[Mochudi]], mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|kgaolong ya Kgatleng]], mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]] le ka nako eo e neng ele [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]]<ref name=":0">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi 2012]], p. 248.</ref><ref name=":15">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p. 34.</ref> mo batsading ba gagwe Phiri le Maefshane Diswai (ba ba itsegeng gape ka leina la Moses le Ellen Diswai), ditlogolwana tsa merafe ya tlholego ya [[Basarwa]] le maloko a merafe ya Bakgatla. Motseselegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sa tshelwa ditsela, motlakase le metsi a a elang. Go ne go sena mesokelatsebeng e bile o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bonana, le fa e le thelebishene go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 48.</ref><ref name=":1">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFEllis2012|Ellis 2012.]]</ref> Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme e seng Seesemane.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2007|''Sunday Standard'' 2007.]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 49.</ref> Rraagwe, yo o neng a bereka mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua le go bala Seesemane.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNarloch2012|Narloch 2012]], p. 3.</ref> Fa rraagwe a ne a le kwa sekolong, o ne a gapa thuso ya madi a go tsena [[Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare]], mme thuso eo e ne ya newa morwa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Mo batsading ba gagwe ka bobedi, thuto e ne ya nna selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa yunibesithi.<ref name=":3" /> Dithuto tsa bone tsa [[Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelega mo metseselegaeng ya Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":2" /> Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ka gonne go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Borithane o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona digerata ya gagwe ya [[Bachelor of Laws]] ka 1983 kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_Edinburgh2010|University of Edinburgh 2010.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], pp. 49–50.</ref> == Molao le bolweladitshwanelo == === Tiro ya gagwe ya pele (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6266756376.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Unity Dow]] Diswai o ne a bona dithutego tsa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go bereka kwa dikantorong tsa [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana]] e le mosekisi wa melato ya borukutlhi kwa [[Gaborone]]. O nyalane le moagi wa Amerika, Peter Nathan Dow, ka Mopitlo a supa 1984. Banyalani ba ba ne ba nna kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1986, Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong e e ikemetseng ka nosi e e neng e dira tiro ya molao wa bosenyi, mme a bula feme ya Dow Malakaila, e leng feme ya ntlha ya molao ya basadi-botlhe mo lefatsheng leo. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa bomme mo Botswana sa [[Emang Basadi]] (Emela Basadi ka dinao). Ka 1988, leina la feme le ne la fetolwa moragonyana go nna Dow Lesetedi and Company.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSegwai2008|Segwai 2008.]]</ref><ref name=":4" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a simolola mmogo mokgatlho wa Basadi le Molao mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WLSA) go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dikgetsi.<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka 1988 go fitlha ka 1991, Dow o ne a direla WLSA dipatlisiso, a thusa go wetsa thutopatlisiso ya kgaolo ka ga ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi mo mafatsheng a le marataro tse di mabapi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> Ka 1990, o thusitse go tlhoma Lefelo la Tshedimosetso la Basadi la Metlhaetsile go rotloetsa thuto ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1990, Dow o ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolong ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagi wa 1984, ke fela [[bana ba ba seng ka fa molaong]] ba ba neng ba ka bona bosetšhaba ka mmaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1992|Quansah 1992]], p. 196.</ref> Ka bana ba gagwe ba le babedi mo go ba le bararo le Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa tsewe e le Batswana.<ref name=":6">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 294.</ref> Ka go boifa gore go ka nna le kgonagalo ya gore fa tetla ya ga Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng e felelwa ke nako ka 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ka nna la patelesega go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola kgetsi ya [[Unity Dow v Attorney-General]] a latofatsa gore Molao wa Boagi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefadiwa le go sotlakakwa mo go seng mo sethong. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela e ema Dow nokeng e dumalana gore molao o ama tlhopho ya gagwe e e gololesegileng ya gore o tla nyala mang, o ka mo pateletsa go kgaogana le lelwapa la gagwe fa ditetlelelo tsa bonno tsa monna wa gagwe le bana ba gagwe di sa ntšhwafadiwe, mme o ne o tlhaola.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColdham1992|Coldham 1992]], pp. 91–92.</ref> === Tiro ya magareng (1991–2009) === Dow o ne a tsere sebaka sa dingwaga di le pedi a beetse tiro ya gagwe ya molao kwa tlhoko ka 1991 ka ntlha ya kgetse e mme ka nako eo, o ne a simolola mmogo Sekolo se se botlana sa Baobob kwa Gaborone le AIDS Action Trust.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColumbia_Law_School2009|Columbia Law School 2009.]]</ref> O ne a dira jaaka mogokaganyi wa WLSA go tloga ka 1992 go fitlha ka 1994,<ref name=":5" /> fa boikuelo jwa kgetse ya gagwe bo santse bo letilwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo, ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya nganga gore go tlhaola basadi go sireleditswe ke dipeelo tsa molaomotheo go somarela dingwao tsa setso tsa Botswana, e e neng e le setšhaba sa [[losika lwa borre]].<ref name=":6" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 190–191.</ref> Mmueledi Mogolo le ene o ne a ganela gore Dow o ne a na le maitsetsepelo, a bolela gore ene ka boene ga a a utlwisiwa botlhoko ke sepe.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 190.</ref> [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Tautona ya Baatlhodi [[Austin Amissah]], e ne ya swetsa ka gore kgethololo ya bong e thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ka se fete dipeelo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse Botswana e neng e na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le modumedi wa tsone.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 295.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 196.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya maitsetsepelo, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go na le kgonagalo ya gore a ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne a gobaditswe, mme go kgaogana le ba lelwapa la gagwe go tla bo go nyenyefatsa le go tlhoka setho.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 200–201.</ref> Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa katlholo ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditseko ka diphetogo tse dinnye, ya bolela gore Dikarolo tsa bone le botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagi ga di dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 189.</ref> Ka ntlha ya katlholo e e botlhokwa e, ka 1995 Molao wa Boagi o ne wa baakanngwa go tlosa go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go boneng bosetšhaba mo Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 50.</ref> Katlholo e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go ralala Aforika go gatelela phetogo mo melaong ya bone ya bosetšhaba le go fedisa go sa lekalekane ga bong, mme seno sa felela ka gore mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa mafatshe a Aforika a baakanye melao ya bosetšhaba ka 2010.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPailey2020|Pailey 2020]], p. 1839.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 48.</ref> Go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 1998, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mokaedi wa Setheo sa Tshedimosetso sa Basadi sa Metlhaetsile mme ka nako eo o ne a gatisa ''The Citizenship Case'' ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa kgetse ya gagwe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Ka 1996, o ne a dira mo kgetsing e e neng e amana le [[go tlhokomela bana]] e e neng ya felela ka gore go dirwe phetolo ya melao ya tshegetso, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa o ne a tlhagisa kgetse ka ga [[bolwetse jwa basadi ba ba itewang]], a tsaya gore tseno ke dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo basading.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDavis2014|Davis 2014]], p. 227.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kwa kgotlatshekelong ka Firikgong 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetlho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go dira jaaka moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko.<ref name=":16">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi]] 2012, p. 249.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , Dow o ne a dira jaaka karolo ya thomo ya [[Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le [[Charlotte Abaka]] wa Mo-Ghana, yo e kileng ya bo e le modulasetilo wa [[Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref name=":7">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDivision_for_the_Advancement_of_Women2004|Division for the Advancement of Women 2004]], p. 8.</ref> [[Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya Middle East Technical University ya Bong le Basadi; kwa [[Ankara]], kwa Turkey;<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBianet2019|Bianet 2019.]]</ref> [[Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre kwa [[Accra]];<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBowman2019|Bowman 2019]], p. 4.</ref> le Moaforika Borwa, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]], moporofesara wa molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|Yunibesithing ya Pennsylvania]] [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|State]].<ref name=":7" /> Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna molaodi wa [[Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong ao ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref name=":12">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLazaroff2012|Lazaroff 2012]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro , o ne a tlhophiwa go direla mo komiting e kgolo ya Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi le balaodi ba le barataro ba ba boelelang le maloko a mararo a masha, go akaretsa le ene, [[Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa [[Serbia]] le [[Raji Sourani]] wa [[Palastina]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPalestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights2006|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights 2006]].</ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo kgetsing ya ''[[Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa kwa Kgotleng Kgolo ya Ditsheko ka 2002 ke batho ba Basarwa<ref name=":10">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 103–104, 107.</ref> (ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwang batho ba naga ya Kalahari)<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa kgetsi mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le 241 ba ba neng ba tsena mo kgetsing fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e fedisa metsi mo lefelong leno la polokelo, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisa go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, le go leka go tlosa Basarwa ka dikgoka kwa ba nnang teng. Ba ne ba baakanya kgetse ya bone go akaretsa go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa naga go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong la tshireletso kwantle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya diteseletso tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref name=":10" /> Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka 2006, Dow o ne ya swetsa ka gore go fedisiwa ga ditirelo le go patelediwa go fudusiwa ga Basarwa go ne go emela tlolomolao ya tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaomotheo.<ref name=":5" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 108–109.</ref> O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ditshenyegelo di duelwe ba ba neng ba fudusitswe mme ba se na keletso ya go boa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 109.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro ba ne ba dumalana gore di ne di thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, ka le fa Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa Naga le ne le sa patelesege go ntsha diteseletso, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela ka nako e gape ba neng ba emisa mophako, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa batho ba Basarwa jwa go itshedisa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 115–117.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go dirisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 120.</ref> Kgetse e, go ya ka moporofesa wa molao Clement Ng'ong'ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana go amogela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba tlholego mo mafatsheng a borraabonemogologolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 121.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, Dow o ne a dira jaaka leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya Rwanda le go sekaseka gore lefatshe le ka tswa jang mo [[dikgotlhang]] tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya yone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo dikgetseng tsa [[polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba bo tshekiso e e sa tseeng letlhakore.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREF%C3%85hlund2007|Åhlund 2007]], p. 5.</ref><ref name=":11">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_South_Australia2009|University of South Australia 2009]].</ref> Nngwe ya dikgetsi tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le malebang le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la dino tse di tagang. Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome mararo mme kgetse e ne ya feleletsa e tholotswe.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a rola tiro mo setilong ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Yunibesithi ya Washington le Lee]] kwa [[Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a dira jaaka moporofesa yo o etileng kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" /> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010–gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , Dow o ne a tlhoma feme ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi eo o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[Tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong ya Nakwana e e Ikemetseng ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go diragatsa [[Molaomotheo]] o mosha wa Kenya.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNSW_Bar_Association2011|NSW Bar Association 2011]].</ref><ref name=":9" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe , o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetulo wa Komiti e kgolo ya Molaodi wa Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCrowe2011|Crowe 2011]].</ref> Mo ngwageng oo Dow o ne a simolola go dira le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo tse dingwe tsa [[batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa Omang tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 247–248.</ref> Ka nako eo kwa Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba baakanye ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dikwalong tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba ya kwa ofising ya Omang le kwadiso matsalo go fetola dikwalo tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go tla ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 244, 248.</ref> Ba ne ba kopa Dow go ba thusa, mme ene o ne a ikgolaganya le [[Setheo sa Ditsheko sa Aforika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le tshegetso ya madi.<ref name=":13">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], p. 248.</ref> Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla newa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke kgetse, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo kgetsing e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa dikgetse tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref name=":13" /><sup>[Nopolo ya boraro]</sup> Go fitlhelela seo, Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetsing ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya matsalo. Mokgatlho o ne o ganetswe ka go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Badiri le Merero ya Selegae, ka mabaka a gore ditiro tsa thatano ya bong di ne di se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng leo. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho go tlola tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore kgetse e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa thobalano, mme e le gore a maloko a ka kokoana le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014a|Mokwape 2014a]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha le go se letla go kopana go ne go tlola Molaomotheo, Dikarolo ya boraro, lesome le bobedi, le lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, kgololesego ya go kopana, le kgololesego ya go kokoana ka go latelana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014b|Mokwape 2014b]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow and Macsuzy Mondon, September 2015.jpg|thumb|200x200px|BoTona Dow le [[Macsuzy Mondon]] (Seychelles) ba saena Memo ya Kutlwano ya lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le malatsi marataro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile lesome le bobedi , Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bonno a Iseraele a kwa West Bank a amang Bapalestina ka teng.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a swetsa go tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenelela lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2012a|''Sunday Standard'' 2012a]].</ref> O ne a emela [[ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a latlhegelwa ke go bata setilo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBasimanebotlhe2014|Basimanebotlhe 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le itlhophetsweng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo Pusong eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotsamai2014|Motsamai 2014]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMosikare2014|Mosikare 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso ke Khama, a tlhatlhama [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Mothusatautona wa Botswana yo wa nako eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPiet2015|Piet 2015]].</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa Seychelles kwa Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana kwa ntle go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPhiloBonnelame2015|Philo & Bonnelame 2015]].</ref> O ne a direla mo maemong ao go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, fa mo kabakanngwa cabinet, a ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2016b|''Mmegi'' 2016b]].</ref> Morago ga gore Khama a tloge mo maemong a botautona ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , Dow o ne a sutisiwa ke Tautona yo o tsenang Masisi go tswa mo Thutong go ya kwa maemong a Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo ya Matlo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMwakideu2018|Mwakideu 2018]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2018|Gabathuse 2018]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi 2018, mo phetogong ya cabinet, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele, a ananya setilo sa gagwe mo Mafaratlhatlheng le Matlo le Vincent Tina Seretse, yo o neng a tshwere Merero ya Mafatshe a sele mo nakong e e fetileng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMorupisi2018|Morupisi 2018]].</ref> Masisi o ne a fenya botautona mo [[ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa 2019]] mme a tlhomamisa gape Dow jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele ya palamente ya bo lesome le bobedi ya Botswana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2019|''Mmegi'' 2019]].</ref> Dow mmogo le barwadie Cheshe le Natasha, o ne a bula Dow Academy kwa Mochudi, [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng]] ka Firikgong 2020. Sekolo seno se se ikemetseng se ruta thuto e potlana le e kgolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLuebering2020|Luebering 2020]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Dow o ne a tlogela bodiredi jwa gagwe mme a emisediwa ka Lemogang Kwape mo phetogong ya cabinet.<ref name=":14">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotlhoka2020|Motlhoka 2020]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2020|Gabathuse 2020]].</ref> Dow o buile ka kgato e, "Jaaka tona o bua thata ka portfolio ya gago. Mme [[banka e e kwa morago]] e go naya kgololesego ya go botsolotsa dikgang tse di farologaneng tse di amang bosetšhaba. Tekanyetso e le nosi ke boemo jwa lekoko la me mo kgannyeng e e rileng".<ref name=":14" /> == Go kwala == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi , fa Dow a ne a simolola go gatisa dibuka tsa dinaane, ke bakwadi ba le mmalwa fela ba Batswana ba ba neng ba dirile dibuka tse di neng tsa fitlhelela babadi kwa ntle ga Botswana. <ref name=":15" /> Lengwe la mabaka a seno e ne e le kganetso e e tiileng ya boeteledipele jwa Batswana gore MaBorithane ba kopanye kgaolo ya bona le ya Aforika Borwa, e e neng ya isa kwa go itshireletseng kgatlhanong le Pan-Africanism le go tlhoka dipeeletso mo mafaratlhatlheng a setšhaba le tlhabololo ya thuto. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;34, 36.</ref> Bobedi dibuka tsa gagwe tsa non-fiction le tsa fiction di kopanya dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le seabe sa tsona mo bong le mo kagong ya maatla. <ref name=":9" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;35.</ref>Mosebetsi o mong le o mong wa Dow o hlahloba ditlwaelo tsa setjhaba tse lebisang ho se leka-lekane ha dikamano tsa matla le ho susumetsa pefo kgahlanong le basadi, tlhekefetso ya thobalano ya bana, bothata ba AIDS, le ho se lekane ha bong. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012,]] p.&#x20;151.</ref> Batho ba ba mo bukeng ya gagwe ba dirisa tlhaloganyo go ganana le ngwao e e sa utlwaleng mme ba gakolola mmadi ka botlhokwa jwa setso sa setso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012]], p.&#x20;153.</ref> Ka padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, Far and Beyon' (2000), Dow o ne a bua thata ka ga leroborobo la AIDS le ditlamorago tsa tirisodikgoka mo malapeng, segolo jang ka fa basadi ba ba tshelang mo setšhabeng sa borra-bana ba lebanang le malapa a a senang borre ka ntlha ya tshenyo e e tlisitseng kwa Botswana ya kwa magaeng. <ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;40.</ref>E sekaseka dithibelo tsa ditlwaelo tsa setso, meetlo, le ditheo tse di beilweng mo basading le mo basading ka go dirisa dikago tse di ikaegileng ka banna.<ref name=":17" /> Mo kanegelong eno, Mara, mmè yo o sa itseng go bala le go kwala yo o nang le bokgoni jo bo lekanyeditsweng jwa go itlamela, o setse a na le monna a le mongwe le barwa ba le babedi ba ba bolawang ke AIDS, monna yo mongwe a mo latlha, mme molekane wa gagwe wa boraro o mo sotla.<ref name=":18">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p.&#x20;38</ref> <ref name=":17" />Mara o bolela gore loso lwa barwa ba gagwe lo bakilwe ke mmaba yo o fitlhegileng mme o batla dikarabo mo go yo o bolelelang pele isagwe. Le fa morwadie, Mosadi (e e rayang mosadi), yo o itsegeng jaaka Mosa, le morwawe yo o setseng, Stan, ba sa dumele gore meetlo ya mmoki e tla tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang fa bomorwarraabone ba sule, ba tsamaya mmogo le meletlo e e laetsweng. <ref name=":18" /> Fa Mosa a lemoga gore o imile mme o latlhetswe ke rraagwe ngwana, o swetsa go senya mpa ka sephiri, go na le go imetsa mmaagwe go feta.<ref name=":18" /> Mo maitekong a go fodisa lelapa la gagwe, Mosa o sekaseka ditlwaelo tsa loago tse di kgaoganyang banna le basadi le go godisa ditiro tsa banna, a ruta basadi go itlhokomolosa diphoso tsa bone. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;41.</ref>A nna a ikanyega mo lelapeng la gagwe le mo setsong sa gagwe, o ithuta go gana go amogela maitsholo a a sa siamang mo setšhabeng sa gaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Ka tsela e, Dow o tlhatlhoba gore go ineela ga setšhaba le go didimala ka diphoso mo setšhabeng go isa jang kwa tlhakatlhakanong ya mogopolo le go dirisa ba ba senang maatla ka tsela e e sa siamang ke ba ba nang le maatla go feta. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;38–40.</ref> Dipolelo tse di tshwanang di ne tsa tsenngwa mo bukeng ya bobedi ya ga Dow, The Screaming of the Innocent (2001), e e sekasekang gape maatlafatso ya basadi mo nageng e e tletseng ka bonweenwee jwa sepodisi, polao ya ngwao, sephiri sa setheo, le tidimalo ya setšhaba. <ref name=":15" /> Go batlisisa tlwaelo ya setso ya dipheko, go bolaya mongwe go kotula dirwe tsa gagwe tsa mmele ka ntlha ya dinonofo tsa bone tsa boselamose tsa lesego le katlego, Dow o bontsha ka moo bahumi le ba ba maatla ba tsomang ka teng batho ba ba sa itseng go bala le go kwala ba kwa magaeng le go reka tidimalo ya babusi. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;40–41.</ref>Mo bukeng, mosetsanyana o bolailwe mo sekgweng gaufi le motse wa gaabo mme tshedimosetso ka ga kgetsi e ne ya thibelwa ke sepodisi le banna ba ba maatla ba lefelo la gaabo. Go kgaolwa ga mmele wa gagwe go fitlhilwe mo bukeng e le letshwao le le supang gore batho ga ba amogele mekgwa e e ntseng jalo mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Protagonist, Amantle Bokaa, yo o fetsang tirelo ya gagwe ya bosetšhaba (e e itsegeng kwa Botswana jaaka Tirelo Sechaba), o fitlhela diaparo tse di nang le madi mo kamoreng ya tleliniki e a e abetsweng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;42–43.</ref> Diaparo tseno ke tsa motho mongwe yo o neng a bolailwe pele ga moo, mme fa di neelwa baagi ba motse ba lemoga gore ba ne ba sa di itse. Bokaa, ka gore baagi ba motse ba dumela gore ga a kitla a bonwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke balaodi, o tlhophiwa go bua le mapodisi mo boemong jwa baagi ba motse.[ 78] Ka gore ke mosadi le ngwana, o lebega a sena maatla, mme thuto ya gagwe, e e mo rutileng bokgoni jwa go dirisana le kganetso le go belaela ditumelo, e mo naya maatla le boitshepo go gwetlha molao wa tidimalo le dikgoreletsi tsa loago mo tseleng ya gagwe. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;43.</ref> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNgom2018|Ngom 2018,]] p.&#x20;23.</ref>Tiro ya ga Dow ga e bue fela ka dikamano tsa maatla, mme gape e bua ka dilo tse di tshosang tsa polao ya ngwao le polao ya basadi.[ 80] O tlhalosa ka tlhamalalo tumelo ya gagwe ya gore basadi e tla nna bone ba ba tla fetolang dipholisi go fedisa mekgwa e e ntseng jalo.[ 81] Far and Beyon′ e ne ya gololwa la ntlha kwa Botswana mme morago ya gatisiwa kwa Australia. The Screaming of the Innocent e ne ya gatisiwa la ntlha kwa Australia mme ya gatisiwa gape kwa Afrika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro. Buka ya gagwe ya boraro, Juggling Truths, e ne ya phasaladiwa ngwaga oo kwa Australia mme ya gololwa ngwaga o o latelang kwa Afrika Borwa. 82] Dow gape o ne a tlhatlhoba ditlwaelo tsa setso tse di sa siamang le ditlwaelo tsa loago ka maano a go di lwantsha.[ 83] Le fa a ne a kile a batlisisa ka ga setšhaba sa Aforika le mathata a a bakilweng ke go ganana le segompieno sa Bophirima le setso sa selegae, tiro e e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo tiragalong ya go lekalekanya go dumalana le ditlwaelo tse di siameng le tse di sa siamang mo setsong sa selegae. [ Ka go dirisa setshwano sa Monei, mosetsana yo monnye yo o nnang mo motseng wa magae, Dow o tlhatlhoba dingwao tsa molomo le tiriso ya ditlhamane le ditlhamane jaaka tsela ya go tsenya dikaelo tsa maitsholo le jaaka taolo ya loago mo baneng. 85] Buka eno e gwetlha dilo tse di jaaka tumelo ya gore go bolaya segwagwa se se nnang se lebile go ka baka matsubutsubu a magolo, gore go tsalana le motho yo o nang le boswafi go ka tlisa bomadimabe, kana gore go nwa motlhapo wa poo go ka thusa motho go ithuta go letsa molodi. Gape e na le dipolelo tse di buang ka selalome sa monna se se medisang bana le moruti yo o sotlang basetsana ka tlhakanelodikobo. Ditema tse di mo kanegelong di golaganya Juggling Truths le dibuka tsa ntlha tse pedi tsa ga Dow mme di kaya gore basetsana le basadi ba kgona go tlhabolola nonofo ya bone ka thuto le go akanya ka go ikemela. 85][86] Dow o atamela tshekatsheko ya gagwe ya go raraana ga loago a dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditsereganyo, a lemoga gore ga go na ditharabololo tse di bonolo.[ 87] Juggling Truths e ne e le moanelwa wa Percy FitzPatrick Prize mo setlhopheng sa basha ba ba godileng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro.[ 88] Buka ya Dow ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa ya The Heavens May Fall e bua ka boitshupo jo bo fetogang go tswa mo setšhabeng sa setso go ya mo lefatsheng la segompieno la lefatshe lotlhe. Mo matlhong a ga Dow, setšhaba se fetoga ka metlha; ka ntlha ya seo, ngwao, bong, boitshupo, puo, kago ya loago le ditheo di a fetoga. 89] Kgang e e buang ka botshelo jwa ga Dow, e bua ka phetogo go tswa mo ditseleng tse di se nang ditshipi go ya go diphaepe tsa metsi tsa mo teng ga ntlo le ka moo khumo ya teemane e neng ya dira gore go nne le thuto, tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo le ditirelo.[ Buka e e neetswe bana ba gagwe ba bararo, e boeletsa ka moo dikakanyo ka ga bone di fetogileng ka teng, jaaka e le Maaforika, mme gape ba abelana ka boitshupo jo bo raraaneng ka gonne rraabone e ne e le moagi wa US. Mo nakong e kgang e diragalang ka yone, ba ne ba tla tsewa e le batswakwa. 91] Kgang e e bua ka Naledi, yo o belegweng pele ga go dirwa ga Botswana sešwa mme e diragala ka nako ya fa Dow a ne a gwetlha molao wa bosetšhaba.[ 92] Jaaka mmueledi, Naledi o emela basadi ba ba bokoa le bana ba ba tlhokang katlholo kgotsa thuso ya semolao. O tsaya kgetsi ya lekgarebe lengwe le le neng la betelelwa mme o senola gore tsamaiso ya semolao e e laolwang ke banna e ne e na le seabe, e leng se se dirileng gore kgetsi eno e se ka ya sekwa ka nako ya tsheko. Le fa kgetse e sa rarabololwa, molatofadiwa o ne a laelwa go dira teko ya HIV, ka ntlha ya gore motlhaselwa wa gagwe o ne a kile a tlhakanela dikobo a sa itshireletsa,[93] se se gatelelang diphetogo tsa loago le go fetofetoga ga maemo. Go nna monna ga go ne go naya molatofadiwa tshiamelo kgotsa maatla a go tila teko mo nageng e mo go yona tsamaiso ya molao e nang le tshireletso go akaretsa tshireletso ya basadi,[94] go sa kgathalesege gore tsamaiso ya molao e ne ya palelwa kwa bofelong Naledi.[ 68] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1959]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Baatlhodi ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Molwela-ditshwanelo tsa bomme wa Botswana]] == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Mme Unity Diswai o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1959, kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro, kwa [[Mochudi]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgaolong ya Kgatleng]] mo [[Botswana]] (yo ka nako e o a neng a bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]] ), <ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> ke ngwana wa batsadi ba gagwe e bong rre Phiri le mme Maefshane Diswai (ba gape ba itsegeng ka maina a Moses le Ellen Diswai), bobedi jo bo tsalatswe mo morafeng wa [[Basarwa]] fa godimo ga moo ke maloko a morafe wa BaKgatla.<ref name=":0" /> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> Motse wa selegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sena ditsela tsa sekonotiri, motlakase le fa e le metsi a a elelang. Go ne go sena megala ya letheka mme o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi ka matlho go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, le fa e le setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=48}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref> . Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme a sa kgone go bala le go kwala ka Sekgoa.<ref><ref name=":1" /></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>. Rraagwe yo o neng a berekela mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua ebile a kgona go bala Sekgoa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>E ne ya re fa rraagwe a tsena sekolo, o ne a ikgapela thuso ya madi a go tsena kwa [[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Fort Hare]], mme thuso e o e ne ya fiwa morwa wa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba dumela gore thuto ke selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa ithutelo tiro.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref> Dithuto tsa bone [[:en:Western_culture|tsa kwa Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelesega mo magaeng a Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref> Mme Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana_and_Swaziland|sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland]] . <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref>. Ka go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Boritheini mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona setlankana sa gagwe [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|sa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao]] ka ngwaga wa 1983 kwa sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2012 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|pp=49–50}}</ref></ref>. == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> gfx20alqe96fwey5c7wyzbk616tbry0 53369 53367 2026-07-27T14:48:25Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Law and activism" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358461802|Unity Dow]]" 53369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Unity Dow|office=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Botswana)|Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]|image=Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6269953840.jpg|alt=Photograph of an African woman in a grey brocaded suit standing in front of a backdrop depicting a group of African women in blue dresses, while giving a speech. She is wearing a geometrically patterned beaded neck collar, has a yellow device in her right hand, and is pointing with her left index finger to the left of the stage.|caption=Dow in 2011|predecessor=[[Vincent T. Seretse]]|president=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|successor=[[Lemogang Kwape]]|term_start=2 November 2019|term_end=26 August 2020|majority2=193 (1.66%)|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Kgatleng West]]|predecessor2=''new constituency''|party=[[Botswana Congress Party]]|birth_name=Unity Diswai|birth_date={{birth date and age|1959|4|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Mochudi]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (now [[Botswana]]|spouse={{Marriage|Peter Nathan Dow|7 March 1984}}<br/> Karl J. Stahl{{sfn|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology|2008}}|children=3|alma_mater=[[University of Botswana and Swaziland]] ([[LLB]])<br>[[University of Edinburgh]]|profession=Lawyer, judge, politician, writer, and human rights activist}} '''Unity Dow''' (née '''Diswai'''; o tshotswe ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro 1959) ke mmueledi wa [[Botswana|Motswana]]<sup>[<nowiki/>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|N]]</sup><sup>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|opolo 1]]]</sup>, mokwadi, [[molweladitshwanelo tsa batho]] le [[Leloko la Palamente]] la [[Kgatleng Bophirima]] e sale ka Ngwanatsele 2024. O kile a nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] le mo phateng a a farologaneng a Botswana. O tsholetswe kwa [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] ke moroki le molemimorui, ba ba neng ba gatelela gore bana ba bone ba bone thuto, Dow o goletse mo motseng wa setso wa legae pele ga ditlhabololo tsa segompieno. O ne a bona thuto ya molao ka 1983 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]], le fa dithuto tsa gagwe di ne tsa wediwa kwa Swaziland le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], kwa Scotland, ka Botswana a ne a sena sekolo sa molao ka nako eo. Fa a sena go aloga, Dow o ne a bula kantoro ya ntlha ya molao e le ya basadi gotlhe mo Botswana mme ka 1997 a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya lefatshe leo. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo tirong ya molao, Dow o ne a amega mo dikgetsing di le tharo tsa ditso mo Botswana. Ka 1992, e ne e le mongongoregi mo kgetsing e e botlhokwa ya semolao, ''[[Unity Dow v Attorney-Genera]]''l, e e neng ya fedisa go tlhaola batho ka bong mo [[melaong ya bosetšhaba]] ya setšhaba e pele e neng e sa letle bana go bona bosetšhaba mo go bommaabone ba ba nyetsweng. Kgetse e ne ya bonela Dow tebelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba mme ya tsosa lekhubu la diphetogo tse di fedisang go sa lekalekane ga bong mo melaong ya bosetšhaba go ralala Aforika. Ka 2006, jaaka moatlhodi yo o okametseng kgetse ya ga ''Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana'', Dow o ne a atlhola kgatlhanong le ditiro tsa puso tsa go thibela [[batho ba tlholego ba Basarwa]] go nna le go tsoma mo [[mafelong a borraabonemogologolwane]], mme seo sa ba pateletsa go nna gape kwa ntle ga [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]]. O ne a atlhola gore puso e tshwanetse go busetsa ditirelo tsa motheo, e letle Basarwa go boela mo lefatsheng le go bona ditetla tsa go tsoma, le go duela ditshenyegelo mo go ba ba fudusitsweng ka dikgoka fa ba ka tlhopha go se boele. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi wa semolao wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetseng ya bone ya go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa Lephateng la Kwadiso ya Matsalo mme ba atlega go amogela katlholo ya gore puso e letle mokgatlho o kwadisiwe. Dow o ne a tlhophiwa la ntlha go tsena mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 2014, fa a ne a tlhophiwa ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] jaaka mopalamente yo o itlhophetsweng. O ne a tlhomiwa la ntlha go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mme ka 2015 a nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso. Morago ga moo o ne a dira jaaka Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo, Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo, le Tona ya Merero ya mafatshe a sele, pele ga a nna moeteledipele wa [[lemorago]] ka 2020. O dirile mo dikhuduthamageng le dikomiting di le mmalwa tsa boditšhabatšhaba, a sekaseka tiriso ya melao e e amang ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa [[Kenya]], [[Palastina]], [[Rwanda]] le [[Sierra Leone]]. Ka 2000, Dow o ne a simolola go gatisa dipadi, ka tlwaelo o ne a lebile dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le ditlamorago tsa tsone mo dipopegong tsa bong le tsa maatla. Dibuka tse di sekaseka mekgwa ya loago le go dirisa batho botlhaswa ka go ba sotlaka, go dirisa dikgoka le go gatelela ditshwanelo tsa batho. O amogetse dikakgolo le ditlotla di le dintsi ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go thusa batho, go akaretsa le [[Legion of Honor]] ka 2010. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Unity Dow o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1959 mo motseng wa [[Mochudi]], mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|kgaolong ya Kgatleng]], mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]] le ka nako eo e neng ele [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]]<ref name=":0">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi 2012]], p. 248.</ref><ref name=":15">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p. 34.</ref> mo batsading ba gagwe Phiri le Maefshane Diswai (ba ba itsegeng gape ka leina la Moses le Ellen Diswai), ditlogolwana tsa merafe ya tlholego ya [[Basarwa]] le maloko a merafe ya Bakgatla. Motseselegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sa tshelwa ditsela, motlakase le metsi a a elang. Go ne go sena mesokelatsebeng e bile o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bonana, le fa e le thelebishene go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 48.</ref><ref name=":1">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFEllis2012|Ellis 2012.]]</ref> Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme e seng Seesemane.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2007|''Sunday Standard'' 2007.]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 49.</ref> Rraagwe, yo o neng a bereka mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua le go bala Seesemane.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNarloch2012|Narloch 2012]], p. 3.</ref> Fa rraagwe a ne a le kwa sekolong, o ne a gapa thuso ya madi a go tsena [[Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare]], mme thuso eo e ne ya newa morwa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Mo batsading ba gagwe ka bobedi, thuto e ne ya nna selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa yunibesithi.<ref name=":3" /> Dithuto tsa bone tsa [[Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelega mo metseselegaeng ya Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":2" /> Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ka gonne go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Borithane o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona digerata ya gagwe ya [[Bachelor of Laws]] ka 1983 kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_Edinburgh2010|University of Edinburgh 2010.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], pp. 49–50.</ref> == Molao le bolweladitshwanelo == === Tiro ya gagwe ya pele (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6266756376.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Unity Dow]] Diswai o ne a bona dithutego tsa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go bereka kwa dikantorong tsa [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana]] e le mosekisi wa melato ya borukutlhi kwa [[Gaborone]]. O nyalane le moagi wa Amerika, Peter Nathan Dow, ka Mopitlo a supa 1984. Banyalani ba ba ne ba nna kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1986, Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong e e ikemetseng ka nosi e e neng e dira tiro ya molao wa bosenyi, mme a bula feme ya Dow Malakaila, e leng feme ya ntlha ya molao ya basadi-botlhe mo lefatsheng leo. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa bomme mo Botswana sa [[Emang Basadi]] (Emela Basadi ka dinao). Ka 1988, leina la feme le ne la fetolwa moragonyana go nna Dow Lesetedi and Company.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSegwai2008|Segwai 2008.]]</ref><ref name=":4" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a simolola mmogo mokgatlho wa Basadi le Molao mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WLSA) go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dikgetsi.<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka 1988 go fitlha ka 1991, Dow o ne a direla WLSA dipatlisiso, a thusa go wetsa thutopatlisiso ya kgaolo ka ga ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi mo mafatsheng a le marataro tse di mabapi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> Ka 1990, o thusitse go tlhoma Lefelo la Tshedimosetso la Basadi la Metlhaetsile go rotloetsa thuto ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1990, Dow o ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolong ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagi wa 1984, ke fela [[bana ba ba seng ka fa molaong]] ba ba neng ba ka bona bosetšhaba ka mmaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1992|Quansah 1992]], p. 196.</ref> Ka bana ba gagwe ba le babedi mo go ba le bararo le Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa tsewe e le Batswana.<ref name=":6">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 294.</ref> Ka go boifa gore go ka nna le kgonagalo ya gore fa tetla ya ga Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng e felelwa ke nako ka 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ka nna la patelesega go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola kgetsi ya [[Unity Dow v Attorney-General]] a latofatsa gore Molao wa Boagi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefadiwa le go sotlakakwa mo go seng mo sethong. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela e ema Dow nokeng e dumalana gore molao o ama tlhopho ya gagwe e e gololesegileng ya gore o tla nyala mang, o ka mo pateletsa go kgaogana le lelwapa la gagwe fa ditetlelelo tsa bonno tsa monna wa gagwe le bana ba gagwe di sa ntšhwafadiwe, mme o ne o tlhaola.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColdham1992|Coldham 1992]], pp. 91–92.</ref> === Tiro ya magareng (1991–2009) === Dow o ne a tsere sebaka sa dingwaga di le pedi a beetse tiro ya gagwe ya molao kwa tlhoko ka 1991 ka ntlha ya kgetse e mme ka nako eo, o ne a simolola mmogo Sekolo se se botlana sa Baobob kwa Gaborone le AIDS Action Trust.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColumbia_Law_School2009|Columbia Law School 2009.]]</ref> O ne a dira jaaka mogokaganyi wa WLSA go tloga ka 1992 go fitlha ka 1994,<ref name=":5" /> fa boikuelo jwa kgetse ya gagwe bo santse bo letilwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo, ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya nganga gore go tlhaola basadi go sireleditswe ke dipeelo tsa molaomotheo go somarela dingwao tsa setso tsa Botswana, e e neng e le setšhaba sa [[losika lwa borre]].<ref name=":6" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 190–191.</ref> Mmueledi Mogolo le ene o ne a ganela gore Dow o ne a na le maitsetsepelo, a bolela gore ene ka boene ga a a utlwisiwa botlhoko ke sepe.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 190.</ref> [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Tautona ya Baatlhodi [[Austin Amissah]], e ne ya swetsa ka gore kgethololo ya bong e thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ka se fete dipeelo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse Botswana e neng e na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le modumedi wa tsone.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 295.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 196.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya maitsetsepelo, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go na le kgonagalo ya gore a ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne a gobaditswe, mme go kgaogana le ba lelwapa la gagwe go tla bo go nyenyefatsa le go tlhoka setho.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 200–201.</ref> Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa katlholo ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditseko ka diphetogo tse dinnye, ya bolela gore Dikarolo tsa bone le botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagi ga di dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 189.</ref> Ka ntlha ya katlholo e e botlhokwa e, ka 1995 Molao wa Boagi o ne wa baakanngwa go tlosa go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go boneng bosetšhaba mo Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 50.</ref> Katlholo e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go ralala Aforika go gatelela phetogo mo melaong ya bone ya bosetšhaba le go fedisa go sa lekalekane ga bong, mme seno sa felela ka gore mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa mafatshe a Aforika a baakanye melao ya bosetšhaba ka 2010.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPailey2020|Pailey 2020]], p. 1839.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 48.</ref> Go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 1998, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mokaedi wa Setheo sa Tshedimosetso sa Basadi sa Metlhaetsile mme ka nako eo o ne a gatisa ''The Citizenship Case'' ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa kgetse ya gagwe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Ka 1996, o ne a dira mo kgetsing e e neng e amana le [[go tlhokomela bana]] e e neng ya felela ka gore go dirwe phetolo ya melao ya tshegetso, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa o ne a tlhagisa kgetse ka ga [[bolwetse jwa basadi ba ba itewang]], a tsaya gore tseno ke dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo basading.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDavis2014|Davis 2014]], p. 227.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kwa kgotlatshekelong ka Firikgong 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetlho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go dira jaaka moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko.<ref name=":16">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi]] 2012, p. 249.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , Dow o ne a dira jaaka karolo ya thomo ya [[Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le [[Charlotte Abaka]] wa Mo-Ghana, yo e kileng ya bo e le modulasetilo wa [[Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref name=":7">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDivision_for_the_Advancement_of_Women2004|Division for the Advancement of Women 2004]], p. 8.</ref> [[Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya Middle East Technical University ya Bong le Basadi; kwa [[Ankara]], kwa Turkey;<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBianet2019|Bianet 2019.]]</ref> [[Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre kwa [[Accra]];<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBowman2019|Bowman 2019]], p. 4.</ref> le Moaforika Borwa, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]], moporofesara wa molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|Yunibesithing ya Pennsylvania]] [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|State]].<ref name=":7" /> Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna molaodi wa [[Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong ao ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref name=":12">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLazaroff2012|Lazaroff 2012]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro , o ne a tlhophiwa go direla mo komiting e kgolo ya Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi le balaodi ba le barataro ba ba boelelang le maloko a mararo a masha, go akaretsa le ene, [[Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa [[Serbia]] le [[Raji Sourani]] wa [[Palastina]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPalestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights2006|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights 2006]].</ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo kgetsing ya ''[[Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa kwa Kgotleng Kgolo ya Ditsheko ka 2002 ke batho ba Basarwa<ref name=":10">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 103–104, 107.</ref> (ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwang batho ba naga ya Kalahari)<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa kgetsi mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le 241 ba ba neng ba tsena mo kgetsing fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e fedisa metsi mo lefelong leno la polokelo, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisa go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, le go leka go tlosa Basarwa ka dikgoka kwa ba nnang teng. Ba ne ba baakanya kgetse ya bone go akaretsa go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa naga go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong la tshireletso kwantle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya diteseletso tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref name=":10" /> Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka 2006, Dow o ne ya swetsa ka gore go fedisiwa ga ditirelo le go patelediwa go fudusiwa ga Basarwa go ne go emela tlolomolao ya tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaomotheo.<ref name=":5" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 108–109.</ref> O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ditshenyegelo di duelwe ba ba neng ba fudusitswe mme ba se na keletso ya go boa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 109.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro ba ne ba dumalana gore di ne di thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, ka le fa Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa Naga le ne le sa patelesege go ntsha diteseletso, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela ka nako e gape ba neng ba emisa mophako, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa batho ba Basarwa jwa go itshedisa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 115–117.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go dirisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 120.</ref> Kgetse e, go ya ka moporofesa wa molao Clement Ng'ong'ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana go amogela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba tlholego mo mafatsheng a borraabonemogologolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 121.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, Dow o ne a dira jaaka leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya Rwanda le go sekaseka gore lefatshe le ka tswa jang mo [[dikgotlhang]] tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya yone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo dikgetseng tsa [[polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba bo tshekiso e e sa tseeng letlhakore.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREF%C3%85hlund2007|Åhlund 2007]], p. 5.</ref><ref name=":11">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_South_Australia2009|University of South Australia 2009]].</ref> Nngwe ya dikgetsi tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le malebang le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la dino tse di tagang. Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome mararo mme kgetse e ne ya feleletsa e tholotswe.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a rola tiro mo setilong ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Yunibesithi ya Washington le Lee]] kwa [[Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a dira jaaka moporofesa yo o etileng kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" /> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010–gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , Dow o ne a tlhoma feme ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi eo o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[Tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong ya Nakwana e e Ikemetseng ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go diragatsa [[Molaomotheo]] o mosha wa Kenya.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNSW_Bar_Association2011|NSW Bar Association 2011]].</ref><ref name=":9" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe , o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetulo wa Komiti e kgolo ya Molaodi wa Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCrowe2011|Crowe 2011]].</ref> Mo ngwageng oo Dow o ne a simolola go dira le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo tse dingwe tsa [[batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa Omang tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 247–248.</ref> Ka nako eo kwa Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba baakanye ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dikwalong tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba ya kwa ofising ya Omang le kwadiso matsalo go fetola dikwalo tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go tla ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 244, 248.</ref> Ba ne ba kopa Dow go ba thusa, mme ene o ne a ikgolaganya le [[Setheo sa Ditsheko sa Aforika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le tshegetso ya madi.<ref name=":13">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], p. 248.</ref> Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla newa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke kgetse, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo kgetsing e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa dikgetse tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref name=":13" /><sup>[Nopolo ya boraro]</sup> Go fitlhelela seo, Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetsing ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya matsalo. Mokgatlho o ne o ganetswe ka go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Badiri le Merero ya Selegae, ka mabaka a gore ditiro tsa thatano ya bong di ne di se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng leo. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho go tlola tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore kgetse e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa thobalano, mme e le gore a maloko a ka kokoana le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014a|Mokwape 2014a]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha le go se letla go kopana go ne go tlola Molaomotheo, Dikarolo ya boraro, lesome le bobedi, le lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, kgololesego ya go kopana, le kgololesego ya go kokoana ka go latelana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014b|Mokwape 2014b]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow and Macsuzy Mondon, September 2015.jpg|thumb|200x200px|BoTona Dow le [[Macsuzy Mondon]] (Seychelles) ba saena Memo ya Kutlwano ya lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le malatsi marataro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile lesome le bobedi , Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bonno a Iseraele a kwa West Bank a amang Bapalestina ka teng.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a swetsa go tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenelela lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2012a|''Sunday Standard'' 2012a]].</ref> O ne a emela [[ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a latlhegelwa ke go bata setilo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBasimanebotlhe2014|Basimanebotlhe 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le itlhophetsweng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo Pusong eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotsamai2014|Motsamai 2014]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMosikare2014|Mosikare 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso ke Khama, a tlhatlhama [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Mothusatautona wa Botswana yo wa nako eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPiet2015|Piet 2015]].</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa Seychelles kwa Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana kwa ntle go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPhiloBonnelame2015|Philo & Bonnelame 2015]].</ref> O ne a direla mo maemong ao go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, fa mo kabakanngwa cabinet, a ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2016b|''Mmegi'' 2016b]].</ref> Morago ga gore Khama a tloge mo maemong a botautona ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , Dow o ne a sutisiwa ke Tautona yo o tsenang Masisi go tswa mo Thutong go ya kwa maemong a Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo ya Matlo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMwakideu2018|Mwakideu 2018]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2018|Gabathuse 2018]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi 2018, mo phetogong ya cabinet, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele, a ananya setilo sa gagwe mo Mafaratlhatlheng le Matlo le Vincent Tina Seretse, yo o neng a tshwere Merero ya Mafatshe a sele mo nakong e e fetileng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMorupisi2018|Morupisi 2018]].</ref> Masisi o ne a fenya botautona mo [[ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa 2019]] mme a tlhomamisa gape Dow jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele ya palamente ya bo lesome le bobedi ya Botswana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2019|''Mmegi'' 2019]].</ref> Dow mmogo le barwadie Cheshe le Natasha, o ne a bula Dow Academy kwa Mochudi, [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng]] ka Firikgong 2020. Sekolo seno se se ikemetseng se ruta thuto e potlana le e kgolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLuebering2020|Luebering 2020]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Dow o ne a tlogela bodiredi jwa gagwe mme a emisediwa ka Lemogang Kwape mo phetogong ya cabinet.<ref name=":14">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotlhoka2020|Motlhoka 2020]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2020|Gabathuse 2020]].</ref> Dow o buile ka kgato e, "Jaaka tona o bua thata ka portfolio ya gago. Mme [[banka e e kwa morago]] e go naya kgololesego ya go botsolotsa dikgang tse di farologaneng tse di amang bosetšhaba. Tekanyetso e le nosi ke boemo jwa lekoko la me mo kgannyeng e e rileng".<ref name=":14" /> == Go kwala == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi , fa Dow a ne a simolola go gatisa dibuka tsa dinaane, ke bakwadi ba le mmalwa fela ba Batswana ba ba neng ba dirile dibuka tse di neng tsa fitlhelela babadi kwa ntle ga Botswana. <ref name=":15" /> Lengwe la mabaka a seno e ne e le kganetso e e tiileng ya boeteledipele jwa Batswana gore MaBorithane ba kopanye kgaolo ya bona le ya Aforika Borwa, e e neng ya isa kwa go itshireletseng kgatlhanong le Pan-Africanism le go tlhoka dipeeletso mo mafaratlhatlheng a setšhaba le tlhabololo ya thuto. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;34, 36.</ref> Bobedi dibuka tsa gagwe tsa non-fiction le tsa fiction di kopanya dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le seabe sa tsona mo bong le mo kagong ya maatla. <ref name=":9" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;35.</ref>Mosebetsi o mong le o mong wa Dow o hlahloba ditlwaelo tsa setjhaba tse lebisang ho se leka-lekane ha dikamano tsa matla le ho susumetsa pefo kgahlanong le basadi, tlhekefetso ya thobalano ya bana, bothata ba AIDS, le ho se lekane ha bong. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012,]] p.&#x20;151.</ref> Batho ba ba mo bukeng ya gagwe ba dirisa tlhaloganyo go ganana le ngwao e e sa utlwaleng mme ba gakolola mmadi ka botlhokwa jwa setso sa setso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012]], p.&#x20;153.</ref> Ka padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, Far and Beyon' (2000), Dow o ne a bua thata ka ga leroborobo la AIDS le ditlamorago tsa tirisodikgoka mo malapeng, segolo jang ka fa basadi ba ba tshelang mo setšhabeng sa borra-bana ba lebanang le malapa a a senang borre ka ntlha ya tshenyo e e tlisitseng kwa Botswana ya kwa magaeng. <ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;40.</ref>E sekaseka dithibelo tsa ditlwaelo tsa setso, meetlo, le ditheo tse di beilweng mo basading le mo basading ka go dirisa dikago tse di ikaegileng ka banna.<ref name=":17" /> Mo kanegelong eno, Mara, mmè yo o sa itseng go bala le go kwala yo o nang le bokgoni jo bo lekanyeditsweng jwa go itlamela, o setse a na le monna a le mongwe le barwa ba le babedi ba ba bolawang ke AIDS, monna yo mongwe a mo latlha, mme molekane wa gagwe wa boraro o mo sotla.<ref name=":18">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p.&#x20;38</ref> <ref name=":17" />Mara o bolela gore loso lwa barwa ba gagwe lo bakilwe ke mmaba yo o fitlhegileng mme o batla dikarabo mo go yo o bolelelang pele isagwe. Le fa morwadie, Mosadi (e e rayang mosadi), yo o itsegeng jaaka Mosa, le morwawe yo o setseng, Stan, ba sa dumele gore meetlo ya mmoki e tla tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang fa bomorwarraabone ba sule, ba tsamaya mmogo le meletlo e e laetsweng. <ref name=":18" /> Fa Mosa a lemoga gore o imile mme o latlhetswe ke rraagwe ngwana, o swetsa go senya mpa ka sephiri, go na le go imetsa mmaagwe go feta.<ref name=":18" /> Mo maitekong a go fodisa lelapa la gagwe, Mosa o sekaseka ditlwaelo tsa loago tse di kgaoganyang banna le basadi le go godisa ditiro tsa banna, a ruta basadi go itlhokomolosa diphoso tsa bone. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;41.</ref>A nna a ikanyega mo lelapeng la gagwe le mo setsong sa gagwe, o ithuta go gana go amogela maitsholo a a sa siamang mo setšhabeng sa gaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Ka tsela e, Dow o tlhatlhoba gore go ineela ga setšhaba le go didimala ka diphoso mo setšhabeng go isa jang kwa tlhakatlhakanong ya mogopolo le go dirisa ba ba senang maatla ka tsela e e sa siamang ke ba ba nang le maatla go feta. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;38–40.</ref> Dipolelo tse di tshwanang di ne tsa tsenngwa mo bukeng ya bobedi ya ga Dow, The Screaming of the Innocent (2001), e e sekasekang gape maatlafatso ya basadi mo nageng e e tletseng ka bonweenwee jwa sepodisi, polao ya ngwao, sephiri sa setheo, le tidimalo ya setšhaba. <ref name=":15" /> Go batlisisa tlwaelo ya setso ya dipheko, go bolaya mongwe go kotula dirwe tsa gagwe tsa mmele ka ntlha ya dinonofo tsa bone tsa boselamose tsa lesego le katlego, Dow o bontsha ka moo bahumi le ba ba maatla ba tsomang ka teng batho ba ba sa itseng go bala le go kwala ba kwa magaeng le go reka tidimalo ya babusi. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;40–41.</ref>Mo bukeng, mosetsanyana o bolailwe mo sekgweng gaufi le motse wa gaabo mme tshedimosetso ka ga kgetsi e ne ya thibelwa ke sepodisi le banna ba ba maatla ba lefelo la gaabo. Go kgaolwa ga mmele wa gagwe go fitlhilwe mo bukeng e le letshwao le le supang gore batho ga ba amogele mekgwa e e ntseng jalo mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Protagonist, Amantle Bokaa, yo o fetsang tirelo ya gagwe ya bosetšhaba (e e itsegeng kwa Botswana jaaka Tirelo Sechaba), o fitlhela diaparo tse di nang le madi mo kamoreng ya tleliniki e a e abetsweng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;42–43.</ref> Diaparo tseno ke tsa motho mongwe yo o neng a bolailwe pele ga moo, mme fa di neelwa baagi ba motse ba lemoga gore ba ne ba sa di itse. Bokaa, ka gore baagi ba motse ba dumela gore ga a kitla a bonwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke balaodi, o tlhophiwa go bua le mapodisi mo boemong jwa baagi ba motse.[ 78] Ka gore ke mosadi le ngwana, o lebega a sena maatla, mme thuto ya gagwe, e e mo rutileng bokgoni jwa go dirisana le kganetso le go belaela ditumelo, e mo naya maatla le boitshepo go gwetlha molao wa tidimalo le dikgoreletsi tsa loago mo tseleng ya gagwe. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;43.</ref> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNgom2018|Ngom 2018,]] p.&#x20;23.</ref>Tiro ya ga Dow ga e bue fela ka dikamano tsa maatla, mme gape e bua ka dilo tse di tshosang tsa polao ya ngwao le polao ya basadi.[ 80] O tlhalosa ka tlhamalalo tumelo ya gagwe ya gore basadi e tla nna bone ba ba tla fetolang dipholisi go fedisa mekgwa e e ntseng jalo.[ 81] Far and Beyon′ e ne ya gololwa la ntlha kwa Botswana mme morago ya gatisiwa kwa Australia. The Screaming of the Innocent e ne ya gatisiwa la ntlha kwa Australia mme ya gatisiwa gape kwa Afrika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro. Buka ya gagwe ya boraro, Juggling Truths, e ne ya phasaladiwa ngwaga oo kwa Australia mme ya gololwa ngwaga o o latelang kwa Afrika Borwa. 82] Dow gape o ne a tlhatlhoba ditlwaelo tsa setso tse di sa siamang le ditlwaelo tsa loago ka maano a go di lwantsha.[ 83] Le fa a ne a kile a batlisisa ka ga setšhaba sa Aforika le mathata a a bakilweng ke go ganana le segompieno sa Bophirima le setso sa selegae, tiro e e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo tiragalong ya go lekalekanya go dumalana le ditlwaelo tse di siameng le tse di sa siamang mo setsong sa selegae. [ Ka go dirisa setshwano sa Monei, mosetsana yo monnye yo o nnang mo motseng wa magae, Dow o tlhatlhoba dingwao tsa molomo le tiriso ya ditlhamane le ditlhamane jaaka tsela ya go tsenya dikaelo tsa maitsholo le jaaka taolo ya loago mo baneng. 85] Buka eno e gwetlha dilo tse di jaaka tumelo ya gore go bolaya segwagwa se se nnang se lebile go ka baka matsubutsubu a magolo, gore go tsalana le motho yo o nang le boswafi go ka tlisa bomadimabe, kana gore go nwa motlhapo wa poo go ka thusa motho go ithuta go letsa molodi. Gape e na le dipolelo tse di buang ka selalome sa monna se se medisang bana le moruti yo o sotlang basetsana ka tlhakanelodikobo. Ditema tse di mo kanegelong di golaganya Juggling Truths le dibuka tsa ntlha tse pedi tsa ga Dow mme di kaya gore basetsana le basadi ba kgona go tlhabolola nonofo ya bone ka thuto le go akanya ka go ikemela. 85][86] Dow o atamela tshekatsheko ya gagwe ya go raraana ga loago a dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditsereganyo, a lemoga gore ga go na ditharabololo tse di bonolo.[ 87] Juggling Truths e ne e le moanelwa wa Percy FitzPatrick Prize mo setlhopheng sa basha ba ba godileng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro.[ 88] Buka ya Dow ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa ya The Heavens May Fall e bua ka boitshupo jo bo fetogang go tswa mo setšhabeng sa setso go ya mo lefatsheng la segompieno la lefatshe lotlhe. Mo matlhong a ga Dow, setšhaba se fetoga ka metlha; ka ntlha ya seo, ngwao, bong, boitshupo, puo, kago ya loago le ditheo di a fetoga. 89] Kgang e e buang ka botshelo jwa ga Dow, e bua ka phetogo go tswa mo ditseleng tse di se nang ditshipi go ya go diphaepe tsa metsi tsa mo teng ga ntlo le ka moo khumo ya teemane e neng ya dira gore go nne le thuto, tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo le ditirelo.[ Buka e e neetswe bana ba gagwe ba bararo, e boeletsa ka moo dikakanyo ka ga bone di fetogileng ka teng, jaaka e le Maaforika, mme gape ba abelana ka boitshupo jo bo raraaneng ka gonne rraabone e ne e le moagi wa US. Mo nakong e kgang e diragalang ka yone, ba ne ba tla tsewa e le batswakwa. 91] Kgang e e bua ka Naledi, yo o belegweng pele ga go dirwa ga Botswana sešwa mme e diragala ka nako ya fa Dow a ne a gwetlha molao wa bosetšhaba.[ 92] Jaaka mmueledi, Naledi o emela basadi ba ba bokoa le bana ba ba tlhokang katlholo kgotsa thuso ya semolao. O tsaya kgetsi ya lekgarebe lengwe le le neng la betelelwa mme o senola gore tsamaiso ya semolao e e laolwang ke banna e ne e na le seabe, e leng se se dirileng gore kgetsi eno e se ka ya sekwa ka nako ya tsheko. Le fa kgetse e sa rarabololwa, molatofadiwa o ne a laelwa go dira teko ya HIV, ka ntlha ya gore motlhaselwa wa gagwe o ne a kile a tlhakanela dikobo a sa itshireletsa,[93] se se gatelelang diphetogo tsa loago le go fetofetoga ga maemo. Go nna monna ga go ne go naya molatofadiwa tshiamelo kgotsa maatla a go tila teko mo nageng e mo go yona tsamaiso ya molao e nang le tshireletso go akaretsa tshireletso ya basadi,[94] go sa kgathalesege gore tsamaiso ya molao e ne ya palelwa kwa bofelong Naledi.[ 68] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1959]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Baatlhodi ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Molwela-ditshwanelo tsa bomme wa Botswana]] == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Mme Unity Diswai o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1959, kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro, kwa [[Mochudi]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgaolong ya Kgatleng]] mo [[Botswana]] (yo ka nako e o a neng a bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]] ), <ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> ke ngwana wa batsadi ba gagwe e bong rre Phiri le mme Maefshane Diswai (ba gape ba itsegeng ka maina a Moses le Ellen Diswai), bobedi jo bo tsalatswe mo morafeng wa [[Basarwa]] fa godimo ga moo ke maloko a morafe wa BaKgatla.<ref name=":0" /> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> Motse wa selegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sena ditsela tsa sekonotiri, motlakase le fa e le metsi a a elelang. Go ne go sena megala ya letheka mme o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi ka matlho go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, le fa e le setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=48}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref> . Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme a sa kgone go bala le go kwala ka Sekgoa.<ref><ref name=":1" /></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>. Rraagwe yo o neng a berekela mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua ebile a kgona go bala Sekgoa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>E ne ya re fa rraagwe a tsena sekolo, o ne a ikgapela thuso ya madi a go tsena kwa [[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Fort Hare]], mme thuso e o e ne ya fiwa morwa wa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba dumela gore thuto ke selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa ithutelo tiro.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref> Dithuto tsa bone [[:en:Western_culture|tsa kwa Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelesega mo magaeng a Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref> Mme Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana_and_Swaziland|sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland]] . <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref>. Ka go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Boritheini mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona setlankana sa gagwe [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|sa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao]] ka ngwaga wa 1983 kwa sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2012 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|pp=49–50}}</ref></ref>. == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> bt3t0b3361xx2t7m88vwrryjazjn9dp 53370 53369 2026-07-27T14:57:00Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Law and activism" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358461802|Unity Dow]]" 53370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Unity Dow|office=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Botswana)|Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]|image=Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6269953840.jpg|alt=Photograph of an African woman in a grey brocaded suit standing in front of a backdrop depicting a group of African women in blue dresses, while giving a speech. She is wearing a geometrically patterned beaded neck collar, has a yellow device in her right hand, and is pointing with her left index finger to the left of the stage.|caption=Dow in 2011|predecessor=[[Vincent T. Seretse]]|president=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|successor=[[Lemogang Kwape]]|term_start=2 November 2019|term_end=26 August 2020|majority2=193 (1.66%)|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Kgatleng West]]|predecessor2=''new constituency''|party=[[Botswana Congress Party]]|birth_name=Unity Diswai|birth_date={{birth date and age|1959|4|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Mochudi]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (now [[Botswana]]|spouse={{Marriage|Peter Nathan Dow|7 March 1984}}<br/> Karl J. Stahl{{sfn|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology|2008}}|children=3|alma_mater=[[University of Botswana and Swaziland]] ([[LLB]])<br>[[University of Edinburgh]]|profession=Lawyer, judge, politician, writer, and human rights activist}} '''Unity Dow''' (née '''Diswai'''; o tshotswe ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro 1959) ke mmueledi wa [[Botswana|Motswana]]<sup>[<nowiki/>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|N]]</sup><sup>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|opolo 1]]]</sup>, mokwadi, [[molweladitshwanelo tsa batho]] le [[Leloko la Palamente]] la [[Kgatleng Bophirima]] e sale ka Ngwanatsele 2024. O kile a nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] le mo phateng a a farologaneng a Botswana. O tsholetswe kwa [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] ke moroki le molemimorui, ba ba neng ba gatelela gore bana ba bone ba bone thuto, Dow o goletse mo motseng wa setso wa legae pele ga ditlhabololo tsa segompieno. O ne a bona thuto ya molao ka 1983 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]], le fa dithuto tsa gagwe di ne tsa wediwa kwa Swaziland le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], kwa Scotland, ka Botswana a ne a sena sekolo sa molao ka nako eo. Fa a sena go aloga, Dow o ne a bula kantoro ya ntlha ya molao e le ya basadi gotlhe mo Botswana mme ka 1997 a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya lefatshe leo. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo tirong ya molao, Dow o ne a amega mo dikgetsing di le tharo tsa ditso mo Botswana. Ka 1992, e ne e le mongongoregi mo kgetsing e e botlhokwa ya semolao, ''[[Unity Dow v Attorney-Genera]]''l, e e neng ya fedisa go tlhaola batho ka bong mo [[melaong ya bosetšhaba]] ya setšhaba e pele e neng e sa letle bana go bona bosetšhaba mo go bommaabone ba ba nyetsweng. Kgetse e ne ya bonela Dow tebelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba mme ya tsosa lekhubu la diphetogo tse di fedisang go sa lekalekane ga bong mo melaong ya bosetšhaba go ralala Aforika. Ka 2006, jaaka moatlhodi yo o okametseng kgetse ya ga ''Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana'', Dow o ne a atlhola kgatlhanong le ditiro tsa puso tsa go thibela [[batho ba tlholego ba Basarwa]] go nna le go tsoma mo [[mafelong a borraabonemogologolwane]], mme seo sa ba pateletsa go nna gape kwa ntle ga [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]]. O ne a atlhola gore puso e tshwanetse go busetsa ditirelo tsa motheo, e letle Basarwa go boela mo lefatsheng le go bona ditetla tsa go tsoma, le go duela ditshenyegelo mo go ba ba fudusitsweng ka dikgoka fa ba ka tlhopha go se boele. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi wa semolao wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetseng ya bone ya go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa Lephateng la Kwadiso ya Matsalo mme ba atlega go amogela katlholo ya gore puso e letle mokgatlho o kwadisiwe. Dow o ne a tlhophiwa la ntlha go tsena mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 2014, fa a ne a tlhophiwa ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] jaaka mopalamente yo o itlhophetsweng. O ne a tlhomiwa la ntlha go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mme ka 2015 a nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso. Morago ga moo o ne a dira jaaka Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo, Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo, le Tona ya Merero ya mafatshe a sele, pele ga a nna moeteledipele wa [[lemorago]] ka 2020. O dirile mo dikhuduthamageng le dikomiting di le mmalwa tsa boditšhabatšhaba, a sekaseka tiriso ya melao e e amang ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa [[Kenya]], [[Palastina]], [[Rwanda]] le [[Sierra Leone]]. Ka 2000, Dow o ne a simolola go gatisa dipadi, ka tlwaelo o ne a lebile dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le ditlamorago tsa tsone mo dipopegong tsa bong le tsa maatla. Dibuka tse di sekaseka mekgwa ya loago le go dirisa batho botlhaswa ka go ba sotlaka, go dirisa dikgoka le go gatelela ditshwanelo tsa batho. O amogetse dikakgolo le ditlotla di le dintsi ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go thusa batho, go akaretsa le [[Legion of Honor]] ka 2010. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Unity Dow o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1959 mo motseng wa [[Mochudi]], mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|kgaolong ya Kgatleng]], mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]] le ka nako eo e neng ele [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]]<ref name=":0">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi 2012]], p. 248.</ref><ref name=":15">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p. 34.</ref> mo batsading ba gagwe Phiri le Maefshane Diswai (ba ba itsegeng gape ka leina la Moses le Ellen Diswai), ditlogolwana tsa merafe ya tlholego ya [[Basarwa]] le maloko a merafe ya Bakgatla. Motseselegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sa tshelwa ditsela, motlakase le metsi a a elang. Go ne go sena mesokelatsebeng e bile o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bonana, le fa e le thelebishene go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 48.</ref><ref name=":1">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFEllis2012|Ellis 2012.]]</ref> Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme e seng Seesemane.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2007|''Sunday Standard'' 2007.]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 49.</ref> Rraagwe, yo o neng a bereka mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua le go bala Seesemane.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNarloch2012|Narloch 2012]], p. 3.</ref> Fa rraagwe a ne a le kwa sekolong, o ne a gapa thuso ya madi a go tsena [[Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare]], mme thuso eo e ne ya newa morwa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Mo batsading ba gagwe ka bobedi, thuto e ne ya nna selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa yunibesithi.<ref name=":3" /> Dithuto tsa bone tsa [[Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelega mo metseselegaeng ya Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":2" /> Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ka gonne go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Borithane o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona digerata ya gagwe ya [[Bachelor of Laws]] ka 1983 kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_Edinburgh2010|University of Edinburgh 2010.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], pp. 49–50.</ref> == Molao le bolweladitshwanelo == === Tiro ya gagwe ya pele (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6266756376.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Unity Dow]] Diswai o ne a bona dithutego tsa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go bereka kwa dikantorong tsa [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana]] e le mosekisi wa melato ya borukutlhi kwa [[Gaborone]]. O nyalane le moagi wa Amerika, Peter Nathan Dow, ka Mopitlo a supa 1984. Banyalani ba ba ne ba nna kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1986, Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong e e ikemetseng ka nosi e e neng e dira tiro ya molao wa bosenyi, mme a bula feme ya Dow Malakaila, e leng feme ya ntlha ya molao ya basadi-botlhe mo lefatsheng leo. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa bomme mo Botswana sa [[Emang Basadi]] (Emela Basadi ka dinao). Ka 1988, leina la feme le ne la fetolwa moragonyana go nna Dow Lesetedi and Company.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSegwai2008|Segwai 2008.]]</ref><ref name=":4" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a simolola mmogo mokgatlho wa Basadi le Molao mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WLSA) go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dikgetsi.<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka 1988 go fitlha ka 1991, Dow o ne a direla WLSA dipatlisiso, a thusa go wetsa thutopatlisiso ya kgaolo ka ga ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi mo mafatsheng a le marataro tse di mabapi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> Ka 1990, o thusitse go tlhoma Lefelo la Tshedimosetso la Basadi la Metlhaetsile go rotloetsa thuto ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1990, Dow o ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolong ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagi wa 1984, ke fela [[bana ba ba seng ka fa molaong]] ba ba neng ba ka bona bosetšhaba ka mmaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1992|Quansah 1992]], p. 196.</ref> Ka bana ba gagwe ba le babedi mo go ba le bararo le Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa tsewe e le Batswana.<ref name=":6">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 294.</ref> Ka go boifa gore go ka nna le kgonagalo ya gore fa tetla ya ga Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng e felelwa ke nako ka 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ka nna la patelesega go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola kgetsi ya [[Unity Dow v Attorney-General]] a latofatsa gore Molao wa Boagi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefadiwa le go sotlakakwa mo go seng mo sethong. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela e ema Dow nokeng e dumalana gore molao o ama tlhopho ya gagwe e e gololesegileng ya gore o tla nyala mang, o ka mo pateletsa go kgaogana le lelwapa la gagwe fa ditetlelelo tsa bonno tsa monna wa gagwe le bana ba gagwe di sa ntšhwafadiwe, mme o ne o tlhaola.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColdham1992|Coldham 1992]], pp. 91–92.</ref> === Tiro ya magareng (1991–2009) === Dow o ne a tsere sebaka sa dingwaga di le pedi a beetse tiro ya gagwe ya molao kwa tlhoko ka 1991 ka ntlha ya kgetse e mme ka nako eo, o ne a simolola mmogo Sekolo se se botlana sa Baobob kwa Gaborone le AIDS Action Trust.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColumbia_Law_School2009|Columbia Law School 2009.]]</ref> O ne a dira jaaka mogokaganyi wa WLSA go tloga ka 1992 go fitlha ka 1994,<ref name=":5" /> fa boikuelo jwa kgetse ya gagwe bo santse bo letilwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo, ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya nganga gore go tlhaola basadi go sireleditswe ke dipeelo tsa molaomotheo go somarela dingwao tsa setso tsa Botswana, e e neng e le setšhaba sa [[losika lwa borre]].<ref name=":6" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 190–191.</ref> Mmueledi Mogolo le ene o ne a ganela gore Dow o ne a na le maitsetsepelo, a bolela gore ene ka boene ga a a utlwisiwa botlhoko ke sepe.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 190.</ref> [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Tautona ya Baatlhodi [[Austin Amissah]], e ne ya swetsa ka gore kgethololo ya bong e thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ka se fete dipeelo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse Botswana e neng e na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le modumedi wa tsone.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 295.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 196.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya maitsetsepelo, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go na le kgonagalo ya gore a ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne a gobaditswe, mme go kgaogana le ba lelwapa la gagwe go tla bo go nyenyefatsa le go tlhoka setho.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 200–201.</ref> Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa katlholo ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditseko ka diphetogo tse dinnye, ya bolela gore Dikarolo tsa bone le botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagi ga di dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 189.</ref> Ka ntlha ya katlholo e e botlhokwa e, ka 1995 Molao wa Boagi o ne wa baakanngwa go tlosa go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go boneng bosetšhaba mo Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 50.</ref> Katlholo e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go ralala Aforika go gatelela phetogo mo melaong ya bone ya bosetšhaba le go fedisa go sa lekalekane ga bong, mme seno sa felela ka gore mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa mafatshe a Aforika a baakanye melao ya bosetšhaba ka 2010.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPailey2020|Pailey 2020]], p. 1839.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 48.</ref> Go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 1998, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mokaedi wa Setheo sa Tshedimosetso sa Basadi sa Metlhaetsile mme ka nako eo o ne a gatisa ''The Citizenship Case'' ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa kgetse ya gagwe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Ka 1996, o ne a dira mo kgetsing e e neng e amana le [[go tlhokomela bana]] e e neng ya felela ka gore go dirwe phetolo ya melao ya tshegetso, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa o ne a tlhagisa kgetse ka ga [[bolwetse jwa basadi ba ba itewang]], a tsaya gore tseno ke dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo basading.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDavis2014|Davis 2014]], p. 227.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kwa kgotlatshekelong ka Firikgong 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetlho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go dira jaaka moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko.<ref name=":16">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi]] 2012, p. 249.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , Dow o ne a dira jaaka karolo ya thomo ya [[Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le [[Charlotte Abaka]] wa Mo-Ghana, yo e kileng ya bo e le modulasetilo wa [[Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref name=":7">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDivision_for_the_Advancement_of_Women2004|Division for the Advancement of Women 2004]], p. 8.</ref> [[Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya Middle East Technical University ya Bong le Basadi; kwa [[Ankara]], kwa Turkey;<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBianet2019|Bianet 2019.]]</ref> [[Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre kwa [[Accra]];<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBowman2019|Bowman 2019]], p. 4.</ref> le Moaforika Borwa, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]], moporofesara wa molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|Yunibesithing ya Pennsylvania]] [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|State]].<ref name=":7" /> Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna molaodi wa [[Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong ao ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref name=":12">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLazaroff2012|Lazaroff 2012]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro , o ne a tlhophiwa go direla mo komiting e kgolo ya Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi le balaodi ba le barataro ba ba boelelang le maloko a mararo a masha, go akaretsa le ene, [[Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa [[Serbia]] le [[Raji Sourani]] wa [[Palastina]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPalestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights2006|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights 2006]].</ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo kgetsing ya ''[[Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa kwa Kgotleng Kgolo ya Ditsheko ka 2002 ke batho ba Basarwa<ref name=":10">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 103–104, 107.</ref> (ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwang batho ba naga ya Kalahari)<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa kgetsi mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le 241 ba ba neng ba tsena mo kgetsing fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e fedisa metsi mo lefelong leno la polokelo, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisa go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, le go leka go tlosa Basarwa ka dikgoka kwa ba nnang teng. Ba ne ba baakanya kgetse ya bone go akaretsa go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa naga go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong la tshireletso kwantle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya diteseletso tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref name=":10" /> Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka 2006, Dow o ne ya swetsa ka gore go fedisiwa ga ditirelo le go patelediwa go fudusiwa ga Basarwa go ne go emela tlolomolao ya tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaomotheo.<ref name=":5" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 108–109.</ref> O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ditshenyegelo di duelwe ba ba neng ba fudusitswe mme ba se na keletso ya go boa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 109.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro ba ne ba dumalana gore di ne di thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, ka le fa Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa Naga le ne le sa patelesege go ntsha diteseletso, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela ka nako e gape ba neng ba emisa mophako, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa batho ba Basarwa jwa go itshedisa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 115–117.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go dirisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 120.</ref> Kgetse e, go ya ka moporofesa wa molao Clement Ng'ong'ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana go amogela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba tlholego mo mafatsheng a borraabonemogologolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 121.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, Dow o ne a dira jaaka leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya Rwanda le go sekaseka gore lefatshe le ka tswa jang mo [[dikgotlhang]] tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya yone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo dikgetseng tsa [[polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba bo tshekiso e e sa tseeng letlhakore.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREF%C3%85hlund2007|Åhlund 2007]], p. 5.</ref><ref name=":11">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_South_Australia2009|University of South Australia 2009]].</ref> Nngwe ya dikgetsi tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le malebang le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la dino tse di tagang. Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome mararo mme kgetse e ne ya feleletsa e tholotswe.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a rola tiro mo setilong ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Yunibesithi ya Washington le Lee]] kwa [[Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a dira jaaka moporofesa yo o etileng kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" /> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010–gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , Dow o ne a tlhoma feme ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi eo o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[Tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong ya Nakwana e e Ikemetseng ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go diragatsa [[Molaomotheo]] o mosha wa Kenya.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNSW_Bar_Association2011|NSW Bar Association 2011]].</ref><ref name=":9" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe , o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetulo wa Komiti e kgolo ya Molaodi wa Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCrowe2011|Crowe 2011]].</ref> Mo ngwageng oo Dow o ne a simolola go dira le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo tse dingwe tsa [[batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa Omang tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 247–248.</ref> Ka nako eo kwa Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba baakanye ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dikwalong tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba ya kwa ofising ya Omang le kwadiso matsalo go fetola dikwalo tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go tla ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 244, 248.</ref> Ba ne ba kopa Dow go ba thusa, mme ene o ne a ikgolaganya le [[Setheo sa Ditsheko sa Aforika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le tshegetso ya madi.<ref name=":13">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], p. 248.</ref> Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla newa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke kgetse, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo kgetsing e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa dikgetse tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref name=":13" /><sup>[Nopolo ya boraro]</sup> Go fitlhelela seo, Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetsing ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya matsalo. Mokgatlho o ne o ganetswe ka go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Badiri le Merero ya Selegae, ka mabaka a gore ditiro tsa thatano ya bong di ne di se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng leo. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho go tlola tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore kgetse e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa thobalano, mme e le gore a maloko a ka kokoana le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014a|Mokwape 2014a]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha le go se letla go kopana go ne go tlola Molaomotheo, Dikarolo ya boraro, lesome le bobedi, le lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, kgololesego ya go kopana, le kgololesego ya go kokoana ka go latelana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014b|Mokwape 2014b]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow and Macsuzy Mondon, September 2015.jpg|thumb|200x200px|BoTona Dow le [[Macsuzy Mondon]] (Seychelles) ba saena Memo ya Kutlwano ya lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le malatsi marataro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile lesome le bobedi , Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bonno a Iseraele a kwa West Bank a amang Bapalestina ka teng.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a swetsa go tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenelela lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2012a|''Sunday Standard'' 2012a]].</ref> O ne a emela [[ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a latlhegelwa ke go bata setilo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBasimanebotlhe2014|Basimanebotlhe 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le itlhophetsweng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo Pusong eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotsamai2014|Motsamai 2014]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMosikare2014|Mosikare 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso ke Khama, a tlhatlhama [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Mothusatautona wa Botswana yo wa nako eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPiet2015|Piet 2015]].</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa Seychelles kwa Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana kwa ntle go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPhiloBonnelame2015|Philo & Bonnelame 2015]].</ref> O ne a direla mo maemong ao go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, fa mo kabakanngwa cabinet, a ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2016b|''Mmegi'' 2016b]].</ref> Morago ga gore Khama a tloge mo maemong a botautona ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , Dow o ne a sutisiwa ke Tautona yo o tsenang Masisi go tswa mo Thutong go ya kwa maemong a Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo ya Matlo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMwakideu2018|Mwakideu 2018]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2018|Gabathuse 2018]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi 2018, mo phetogong ya cabinet, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele, a ananya setilo sa gagwe mo Mafaratlhatlheng le Matlo le Vincent Tina Seretse, yo o neng a tshwere Merero ya Mafatshe a sele mo nakong e e fetileng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMorupisi2018|Morupisi 2018]].</ref> Masisi o ne a fenya botautona mo [[ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa 2019]] mme a tlhomamisa gape Dow jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele ya palamente ya bo lesome le bobedi ya Botswana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2019|''Mmegi'' 2019]].</ref> Dow mmogo le barwadie Cheshe le Natasha, o ne a bula Dow Academy kwa Mochudi, [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng]] ka Firikgong 2020. Sekolo seno se se ikemetseng se ruta thuto e potlana le e kgolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLuebering2020|Luebering 2020]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Dow o ne a tlogela bodiredi jwa gagwe mme a emisediwa ka Lemogang Kwape mo phetogong ya cabinet.<ref name=":14">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotlhoka2020|Motlhoka 2020]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2020|Gabathuse 2020]].</ref> Dow o buile ka kgato e, "Jaaka tona o bua thata ka portfolio ya gago. Mme [[banka e e kwa morago]] e go naya kgololesego ya go botsolotsa dikgang tse di farologaneng tse di amang bosetšhaba. Tekanyetso e le nosi ke boemo jwa lekoko la me mo kgannyeng e e rileng".<ref name=":14" /> == Go kwala == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi , fa Dow a ne a simolola go gatisa dibuka tsa dinaane, ke bakwadi ba le mmalwa fela ba Batswana ba ba neng ba dirile dibuka tse di neng tsa fitlhelela babadi kwa ntle ga Botswana. <ref name=":15" /> Lengwe la mabaka a seno e ne e le kganetso e e tiileng ya boeteledipele jwa Batswana gore MaBorithane ba kopanye kgaolo ya bona le ya Aforika Borwa, e e neng ya isa kwa go itshireletseng kgatlhanong le Pan-Africanism le go tlhoka dipeeletso mo mafaratlhatlheng a setšhaba le tlhabololo ya thuto. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;34, 36.</ref> Bobedi dibuka tsa gagwe tsa non-fiction le tsa fiction di kopanya dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le seabe sa tsona mo bong le mo kagong ya maatla. <ref name=":9" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;35.</ref>Mosebetsi o mong le o mong wa Dow o hlahloba ditlwaelo tsa setjhaba tse lebisang ho se leka-lekane ha dikamano tsa matla le ho susumetsa pefo kgahlanong le basadi, tlhekefetso ya thobalano ya bana, bothata ba AIDS, le ho se lekane ha bong. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012,]] p.&#x20;151.</ref> Batho ba ba mo bukeng ya gagwe ba dirisa tlhaloganyo go ganana le ngwao e e sa utlwaleng mme ba gakolola mmadi ka botlhokwa jwa setso sa setso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012]], p.&#x20;153.</ref> Ka padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, Far and Beyon' (2000), Dow o ne a bua thata ka ga leroborobo la AIDS le ditlamorago tsa tirisodikgoka mo malapeng, segolo jang ka fa basadi ba ba tshelang mo setšhabeng sa borra-bana ba lebanang le malapa a a senang borre ka ntlha ya tshenyo e e tlisitseng kwa Botswana ya kwa magaeng. <ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;40.</ref>E sekaseka dithibelo tsa ditlwaelo tsa setso, meetlo, le ditheo tse di beilweng mo basading le mo basading ka go dirisa dikago tse di ikaegileng ka banna.<ref name=":17" /> Mo kanegelong eno, Mara, mmè yo o sa itseng go bala le go kwala yo o nang le bokgoni jo bo lekanyeditsweng jwa go itlamela, o setse a na le monna a le mongwe le barwa ba le babedi ba ba bolawang ke AIDS, monna yo mongwe a mo latlha, mme molekane wa gagwe wa boraro o mo sotla.<ref name=":18">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p.&#x20;38</ref> <ref name=":17" />Mara o bolela gore loso lwa barwa ba gagwe lo bakilwe ke mmaba yo o fitlhegileng mme o batla dikarabo mo go yo o bolelelang pele isagwe. Le fa morwadie, Mosadi (e e rayang mosadi), yo o itsegeng jaaka Mosa, le morwawe yo o setseng, Stan, ba sa dumele gore meetlo ya mmoki e tla tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang fa bomorwarraabone ba sule, ba tsamaya mmogo le meletlo e e laetsweng. <ref name=":18" /> Fa Mosa a lemoga gore o imile mme o latlhetswe ke rraagwe ngwana, o swetsa go senya mpa ka sephiri, go na le go imetsa mmaagwe go feta.<ref name=":18" /> Mo maitekong a go fodisa lelapa la gagwe, Mosa o sekaseka ditlwaelo tsa loago tse di kgaoganyang banna le basadi le go godisa ditiro tsa banna, a ruta basadi go itlhokomolosa diphoso tsa bone. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;41.</ref>A nna a ikanyega mo lelapeng la gagwe le mo setsong sa gagwe, o ithuta go gana go amogela maitsholo a a sa siamang mo setšhabeng sa gaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Ka tsela e, Dow o tlhatlhoba gore go ineela ga setšhaba le go didimala ka diphoso mo setšhabeng go isa jang kwa tlhakatlhakanong ya mogopolo le go dirisa ba ba senang maatla ka tsela e e sa siamang ke ba ba nang le maatla go feta. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;38–40.</ref> Dipolelo tse di tshwanang di ne tsa tsenngwa mo bukeng ya bobedi ya ga Dow, The Screaming of the Innocent (2001), e e sekasekang gape maatlafatso ya basadi mo nageng e e tletseng ka bonweenwee jwa sepodisi, polao ya ngwao, sephiri sa setheo, le tidimalo ya setšhaba. <ref name=":15" /> Go batlisisa tlwaelo ya setso ya dipheko, go bolaya mongwe go kotula dirwe tsa gagwe tsa mmele ka ntlha ya dinonofo tsa bone tsa boselamose tsa lesego le katlego, Dow o bontsha ka moo bahumi le ba ba maatla ba tsomang ka teng batho ba ba sa itseng go bala le go kwala ba kwa magaeng le go reka tidimalo ya babusi. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;40–41.</ref>Mo bukeng, mosetsanyana o bolailwe mo sekgweng gaufi le motse wa gaabo mme tshedimosetso ka ga kgetsi e ne ya thibelwa ke sepodisi le banna ba ba maatla ba lefelo la gaabo. Go kgaolwa ga mmele wa gagwe go fitlhilwe mo bukeng e le letshwao le le supang gore batho ga ba amogele mekgwa e e ntseng jalo mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Protagonist, Amantle Bokaa, yo o fetsang tirelo ya gagwe ya bosetšhaba (e e itsegeng kwa Botswana jaaka Tirelo Sechaba), o fitlhela diaparo tse di nang le madi mo kamoreng ya tleliniki e a e abetsweng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;42–43.</ref> Diaparo tseno ke tsa motho mongwe yo o neng a bolailwe pele ga moo, mme fa di neelwa baagi ba motse ba lemoga gore ba ne ba sa di itse. Bokaa, ka gore baagi ba motse ba dumela gore ga a kitla a bonwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke balaodi, o tlhophiwa go bua le mapodisi mo boemong jwa baagi ba motse.[ 78] Ka gore ke mosadi le ngwana, o lebega a sena maatla, mme thuto ya gagwe, e e mo rutileng bokgoni jwa go dirisana le kganetso le go belaela ditumelo, e mo naya maatla le boitshepo go gwetlha molao wa tidimalo le dikgoreletsi tsa loago mo tseleng ya gagwe. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;43.</ref> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNgom2018|Ngom 2018,]] p.&#x20;23.</ref>Tiro ya ga Dow ga e bue fela ka dikamano tsa maatla, mme gape e bua ka dilo tse di tshosang tsa polao ya ngwao le polao ya basadi.[ 80] O tlhalosa ka tlhamalalo tumelo ya gagwe ya gore basadi e tla nna bone ba ba tla fetolang dipholisi go fedisa mekgwa e e ntseng jalo.[ 81] Far and Beyon′ e ne ya gololwa la ntlha kwa Botswana mme morago ya gatisiwa kwa Australia. The Screaming of the Innocent e ne ya gatisiwa la ntlha kwa Australia mme ya gatisiwa gape kwa Afrika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro. Buka ya gagwe ya boraro, Juggling Truths, e ne ya phasaladiwa ngwaga oo kwa Australia mme ya gololwa ngwaga o o latelang kwa Afrika Borwa. 82] Dow gape o ne a tlhatlhoba ditlwaelo tsa setso tse di sa siamang le ditlwaelo tsa loago ka maano a go di lwantsha.[ 83] Le fa a ne a kile a batlisisa ka ga setšhaba sa Aforika le mathata a a bakilweng ke go ganana le segompieno sa Bophirima le setso sa selegae, tiro e e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo tiragalong ya go lekalekanya go dumalana le ditlwaelo tse di siameng le tse di sa siamang mo setsong sa selegae. [ Ka go dirisa setshwano sa Monei, mosetsana yo monnye yo o nnang mo motseng wa magae, Dow o tlhatlhoba dingwao tsa molomo le tiriso ya ditlhamane le ditlhamane jaaka tsela ya go tsenya dikaelo tsa maitsholo le jaaka taolo ya loago mo baneng. 85] Buka eno e gwetlha dilo tse di jaaka tumelo ya gore go bolaya segwagwa se se nnang se lebile go ka baka matsubutsubu a magolo, gore go tsalana le motho yo o nang le boswafi go ka tlisa bomadimabe, kana gore go nwa motlhapo wa poo go ka thusa motho go ithuta go letsa molodi. Gape e na le dipolelo tse di buang ka selalome sa monna se se medisang bana le moruti yo o sotlang basetsana ka tlhakanelodikobo. Ditema tse di mo kanegelong di golaganya Juggling Truths le dibuka tsa ntlha tse pedi tsa ga Dow mme di kaya gore basetsana le basadi ba kgona go tlhabolola nonofo ya bone ka thuto le go akanya ka go ikemela. 85][86] Dow o atamela tshekatsheko ya gagwe ya go raraana ga loago a dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditsereganyo, a lemoga gore ga go na ditharabololo tse di bonolo.[ 87] Juggling Truths e ne e le moanelwa wa Percy FitzPatrick Prize mo setlhopheng sa basha ba ba godileng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro.[ 88] Buka ya Dow ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa ya The Heavens May Fall e bua ka boitshupo jo bo fetogang go tswa mo setšhabeng sa setso go ya mo lefatsheng la segompieno la lefatshe lotlhe. Mo matlhong a ga Dow, setšhaba se fetoga ka metlha; ka ntlha ya seo, ngwao, bong, boitshupo, puo, kago ya loago le ditheo di a fetoga. 89] Kgang e e buang ka botshelo jwa ga Dow, e bua ka phetogo go tswa mo ditseleng tse di se nang ditshipi go ya go diphaepe tsa metsi tsa mo teng ga ntlo le ka moo khumo ya teemane e neng ya dira gore go nne le thuto, tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo le ditirelo.[ Buka e e neetswe bana ba gagwe ba bararo, e boeletsa ka moo dikakanyo ka ga bone di fetogileng ka teng, jaaka e le Maaforika, mme gape ba abelana ka boitshupo jo bo raraaneng ka gonne rraabone e ne e le moagi wa US. Mo nakong e kgang e diragalang ka yone, ba ne ba tla tsewa e le batswakwa. 91] Kgang e e bua ka Naledi, yo o belegweng pele ga go dirwa ga Botswana sešwa mme e diragala ka nako ya fa Dow a ne a gwetlha molao wa bosetšhaba.[ 92] Jaaka mmueledi, Naledi o emela basadi ba ba bokoa le bana ba ba tlhokang katlholo kgotsa thuso ya semolao. O tsaya kgetsi ya lekgarebe lengwe le le neng la betelelwa mme o senola gore tsamaiso ya semolao e e laolwang ke banna e ne e na le seabe, e leng se se dirileng gore kgetsi eno e se ka ya sekwa ka nako ya tsheko. Le fa kgetse e sa rarabololwa, molatofadiwa o ne a laelwa go dira teko ya HIV, ka ntlha ya gore motlhaselwa wa gagwe o ne a kile a tlhakanela dikobo a sa itshireletsa,[93] se se gatelelang diphetogo tsa loago le go fetofetoga ga maemo. Go nna monna ga go ne go naya molatofadiwa tshiamelo kgotsa maatla a go tila teko mo nageng e mo go yona tsamaiso ya molao e nang le tshireletso go akaretsa tshireletso ya basadi,[94] go sa kgathalesege gore tsamaiso ya molao e ne ya palelwa kwa bofelong Naledi.[ 68] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1959]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Baatlhodi ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Molwela-ditshwanelo tsa bomme wa Botswana]] == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Mme Unity Diswai o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1959, kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro, kwa [[Mochudi]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgaolong ya Kgatleng]] mo [[Botswana]] (yo ka nako e o a neng a bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]] ), <ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> ke ngwana wa batsadi ba gagwe e bong rre Phiri le mme Maefshane Diswai (ba gape ba itsegeng ka maina a Moses le Ellen Diswai), bobedi jo bo tsalatswe mo morafeng wa [[Basarwa]] fa godimo ga moo ke maloko a morafe wa BaKgatla.<ref name=":0" /> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> Motse wa selegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sena ditsela tsa sekonotiri, motlakase le fa e le metsi a a elelang. Go ne go sena megala ya letheka mme o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi ka matlho go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, le fa e le setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=48}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref> . Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme a sa kgone go bala le go kwala ka Sekgoa.<ref><ref name=":1" /></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>. Rraagwe yo o neng a berekela mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua ebile a kgona go bala Sekgoa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>E ne ya re fa rraagwe a tsena sekolo, o ne a ikgapela thuso ya madi a go tsena kwa [[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Fort Hare]], mme thuso e o e ne ya fiwa morwa wa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba dumela gore thuto ke selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa ithutelo tiro.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref> Dithuto tsa bone [[:en:Western_culture|tsa kwa Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelesega mo magaeng a Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref> Mme Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana_and_Swaziland|sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland]] . <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref>. Ka go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Boritheini mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona setlankana sa gagwe [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|sa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao]] ka ngwaga wa 1983 kwa sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2012 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|pp=49–50}}</ref></ref>. == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> Go fitlhelela seo, mme Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho [[LEGABIBO|wa LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo tshekong ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya setshaba. Mokgatlho o ne o gannwe go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le ga mmogo le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Merero ya Badiri le tsa Selegae, ka mabaka a gore go ratana ga bong go ne go se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho yo go ne go le kgatlhanong le tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore tsheko e, e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa tlhakanelodikobo, mme e ne e le ka ga gore a maloko a ka kgona go kokoanya le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014a}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotlatshekelokgolo o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha seo le go se letla go kopana go ne go gataka Molaomotheo, karolo ya boraro, ya lesome le bobedi, le ya lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, go kopana le go kopana ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014b}}</ref></ref> 430mn79t8w2245qaw1imlp2ykh8mpze 53371 53370 2026-07-27T14:58:12Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Law and activism" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358461802|Unity Dow]]" 53371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Unity Dow|office=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Botswana)|Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]|image=Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6269953840.jpg|alt=Photograph of an African woman in a grey brocaded suit standing in front of a backdrop depicting a group of African women in blue dresses, while giving a speech. She is wearing a geometrically patterned beaded neck collar, has a yellow device in her right hand, and is pointing with her left index finger to the left of the stage.|caption=Dow in 2011|predecessor=[[Vincent T. Seretse]]|president=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|successor=[[Lemogang Kwape]]|term_start=2 November 2019|term_end=26 August 2020|majority2=193 (1.66%)|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Kgatleng West]]|predecessor2=''new constituency''|party=[[Botswana Congress Party]]|birth_name=Unity Diswai|birth_date={{birth date and age|1959|4|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Mochudi]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (now [[Botswana]]|spouse={{Marriage|Peter Nathan Dow|7 March 1984}}<br/> Karl J. Stahl{{sfn|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology|2008}}|children=3|alma_mater=[[University of Botswana and Swaziland]] ([[LLB]])<br>[[University of Edinburgh]]|profession=Lawyer, judge, politician, writer, and human rights activist}} '''Unity Dow''' (née '''Diswai'''; o tshotswe ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro 1959) ke mmueledi wa [[Botswana|Motswana]]<sup>[<nowiki/>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|N]]</sup><sup>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|opolo 1]]]</sup>, mokwadi, [[molweladitshwanelo tsa batho]] le [[Leloko la Palamente]] la [[Kgatleng Bophirima]] e sale ka Ngwanatsele 2024. O kile a nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] le mo phateng a a farologaneng a Botswana. O tsholetswe kwa [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] ke moroki le molemimorui, ba ba neng ba gatelela gore bana ba bone ba bone thuto, Dow o goletse mo motseng wa setso wa legae pele ga ditlhabololo tsa segompieno. O ne a bona thuto ya molao ka 1983 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]], le fa dithuto tsa gagwe di ne tsa wediwa kwa Swaziland le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], kwa Scotland, ka Botswana a ne a sena sekolo sa molao ka nako eo. Fa a sena go aloga, Dow o ne a bula kantoro ya ntlha ya molao e le ya basadi gotlhe mo Botswana mme ka 1997 a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya lefatshe leo. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo tirong ya molao, Dow o ne a amega mo dikgetsing di le tharo tsa ditso mo Botswana. Ka 1992, e ne e le mongongoregi mo kgetsing e e botlhokwa ya semolao, ''[[Unity Dow v Attorney-Genera]]''l, e e neng ya fedisa go tlhaola batho ka bong mo [[melaong ya bosetšhaba]] ya setšhaba e pele e neng e sa letle bana go bona bosetšhaba mo go bommaabone ba ba nyetsweng. Kgetse e ne ya bonela Dow tebelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba mme ya tsosa lekhubu la diphetogo tse di fedisang go sa lekalekane ga bong mo melaong ya bosetšhaba go ralala Aforika. Ka 2006, jaaka moatlhodi yo o okametseng kgetse ya ga ''Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana'', Dow o ne a atlhola kgatlhanong le ditiro tsa puso tsa go thibela [[batho ba tlholego ba Basarwa]] go nna le go tsoma mo [[mafelong a borraabonemogologolwane]], mme seo sa ba pateletsa go nna gape kwa ntle ga [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]]. O ne a atlhola gore puso e tshwanetse go busetsa ditirelo tsa motheo, e letle Basarwa go boela mo lefatsheng le go bona ditetla tsa go tsoma, le go duela ditshenyegelo mo go ba ba fudusitsweng ka dikgoka fa ba ka tlhopha go se boele. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi wa semolao wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetseng ya bone ya go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa Lephateng la Kwadiso ya Matsalo mme ba atlega go amogela katlholo ya gore puso e letle mokgatlho o kwadisiwe. Dow o ne a tlhophiwa la ntlha go tsena mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 2014, fa a ne a tlhophiwa ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] jaaka mopalamente yo o itlhophetsweng. O ne a tlhomiwa la ntlha go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mme ka 2015 a nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso. Morago ga moo o ne a dira jaaka Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo, Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo, le Tona ya Merero ya mafatshe a sele, pele ga a nna moeteledipele wa [[lemorago]] ka 2020. O dirile mo dikhuduthamageng le dikomiting di le mmalwa tsa boditšhabatšhaba, a sekaseka tiriso ya melao e e amang ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa [[Kenya]], [[Palastina]], [[Rwanda]] le [[Sierra Leone]]. Ka 2000, Dow o ne a simolola go gatisa dipadi, ka tlwaelo o ne a lebile dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le ditlamorago tsa tsone mo dipopegong tsa bong le tsa maatla. Dibuka tse di sekaseka mekgwa ya loago le go dirisa batho botlhaswa ka go ba sotlaka, go dirisa dikgoka le go gatelela ditshwanelo tsa batho. O amogetse dikakgolo le ditlotla di le dintsi ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go thusa batho, go akaretsa le [[Legion of Honor]] ka 2010. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Unity Dow o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1959 mo motseng wa [[Mochudi]], mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|kgaolong ya Kgatleng]], mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]] le ka nako eo e neng ele [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]]<ref name=":0">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi 2012]], p. 248.</ref><ref name=":15">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p. 34.</ref> mo batsading ba gagwe Phiri le Maefshane Diswai (ba ba itsegeng gape ka leina la Moses le Ellen Diswai), ditlogolwana tsa merafe ya tlholego ya [[Basarwa]] le maloko a merafe ya Bakgatla. Motseselegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sa tshelwa ditsela, motlakase le metsi a a elang. Go ne go sena mesokelatsebeng e bile o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bonana, le fa e le thelebishene go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 48.</ref><ref name=":1">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFEllis2012|Ellis 2012.]]</ref> Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme e seng Seesemane.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2007|''Sunday Standard'' 2007.]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 49.</ref> Rraagwe, yo o neng a bereka mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua le go bala Seesemane.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNarloch2012|Narloch 2012]], p. 3.</ref> Fa rraagwe a ne a le kwa sekolong, o ne a gapa thuso ya madi a go tsena [[Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare]], mme thuso eo e ne ya newa morwa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Mo batsading ba gagwe ka bobedi, thuto e ne ya nna selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa yunibesithi.<ref name=":3" /> Dithuto tsa bone tsa [[Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelega mo metseselegaeng ya Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":2" /> Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ka gonne go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Borithane o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona digerata ya gagwe ya [[Bachelor of Laws]] ka 1983 kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_Edinburgh2010|University of Edinburgh 2010.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], pp. 49–50.</ref> == Molao le bolweladitshwanelo == === Tiro ya gagwe ya pele (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6266756376.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Unity Dow]] Diswai o ne a bona dithutego tsa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go bereka kwa dikantorong tsa [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana]] e le mosekisi wa melato ya borukutlhi kwa [[Gaborone]]. O nyalane le moagi wa Amerika, Peter Nathan Dow, ka Mopitlo a supa 1984. Banyalani ba ba ne ba nna kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1986, Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong e e ikemetseng ka nosi e e neng e dira tiro ya molao wa bosenyi, mme a bula feme ya Dow Malakaila, e leng feme ya ntlha ya molao ya basadi-botlhe mo lefatsheng leo. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa bomme mo Botswana sa [[Emang Basadi]] (Emela Basadi ka dinao). Ka 1988, leina la feme le ne la fetolwa moragonyana go nna Dow Lesetedi and Company.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSegwai2008|Segwai 2008.]]</ref><ref name=":4" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a simolola mmogo mokgatlho wa Basadi le Molao mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WLSA) go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dikgetsi.<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka 1988 go fitlha ka 1991, Dow o ne a direla WLSA dipatlisiso, a thusa go wetsa thutopatlisiso ya kgaolo ka ga ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi mo mafatsheng a le marataro tse di mabapi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> Ka 1990, o thusitse go tlhoma Lefelo la Tshedimosetso la Basadi la Metlhaetsile go rotloetsa thuto ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1990, Dow o ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolong ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagi wa 1984, ke fela [[bana ba ba seng ka fa molaong]] ba ba neng ba ka bona bosetšhaba ka mmaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1992|Quansah 1992]], p. 196.</ref> Ka bana ba gagwe ba le babedi mo go ba le bararo le Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa tsewe e le Batswana.<ref name=":6">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 294.</ref> Ka go boifa gore go ka nna le kgonagalo ya gore fa tetla ya ga Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng e felelwa ke nako ka 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ka nna la patelesega go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola kgetsi ya [[Unity Dow v Attorney-General]] a latofatsa gore Molao wa Boagi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefadiwa le go sotlakakwa mo go seng mo sethong. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela e ema Dow nokeng e dumalana gore molao o ama tlhopho ya gagwe e e gololesegileng ya gore o tla nyala mang, o ka mo pateletsa go kgaogana le lelwapa la gagwe fa ditetlelelo tsa bonno tsa monna wa gagwe le bana ba gagwe di sa ntšhwafadiwe, mme o ne o tlhaola.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColdham1992|Coldham 1992]], pp. 91–92.</ref> === Tiro ya magareng (1991–2009) === Dow o ne a tsere sebaka sa dingwaga di le pedi a beetse tiro ya gagwe ya molao kwa tlhoko ka 1991 ka ntlha ya kgetse e mme ka nako eo, o ne a simolola mmogo Sekolo se se botlana sa Baobob kwa Gaborone le AIDS Action Trust.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColumbia_Law_School2009|Columbia Law School 2009.]]</ref> O ne a dira jaaka mogokaganyi wa WLSA go tloga ka 1992 go fitlha ka 1994,<ref name=":5" /> fa boikuelo jwa kgetse ya gagwe bo santse bo letilwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo, ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya nganga gore go tlhaola basadi go sireleditswe ke dipeelo tsa molaomotheo go somarela dingwao tsa setso tsa Botswana, e e neng e le setšhaba sa [[losika lwa borre]].<ref name=":6" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 190–191.</ref> Mmueledi Mogolo le ene o ne a ganela gore Dow o ne a na le maitsetsepelo, a bolela gore ene ka boene ga a a utlwisiwa botlhoko ke sepe.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 190.</ref> [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Tautona ya Baatlhodi [[Austin Amissah]], e ne ya swetsa ka gore kgethololo ya bong e thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ka se fete dipeelo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse Botswana e neng e na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le modumedi wa tsone.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 295.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 196.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya maitsetsepelo, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go na le kgonagalo ya gore a ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne a gobaditswe, mme go kgaogana le ba lelwapa la gagwe go tla bo go nyenyefatsa le go tlhoka setho.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 200–201.</ref> Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa katlholo ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditseko ka diphetogo tse dinnye, ya bolela gore Dikarolo tsa bone le botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagi ga di dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 189.</ref> Ka ntlha ya katlholo e e botlhokwa e, ka 1995 Molao wa Boagi o ne wa baakanngwa go tlosa go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go boneng bosetšhaba mo Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 50.</ref> Katlholo e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go ralala Aforika go gatelela phetogo mo melaong ya bone ya bosetšhaba le go fedisa go sa lekalekane ga bong, mme seno sa felela ka gore mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa mafatshe a Aforika a baakanye melao ya bosetšhaba ka 2010.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPailey2020|Pailey 2020]], p. 1839.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 48.</ref> Go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 1998, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mokaedi wa Setheo sa Tshedimosetso sa Basadi sa Metlhaetsile mme ka nako eo o ne a gatisa ''The Citizenship Case'' ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa kgetse ya gagwe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Ka 1996, o ne a dira mo kgetsing e e neng e amana le [[go tlhokomela bana]] e e neng ya felela ka gore go dirwe phetolo ya melao ya tshegetso, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa o ne a tlhagisa kgetse ka ga [[bolwetse jwa basadi ba ba itewang]], a tsaya gore tseno ke dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo basading.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDavis2014|Davis 2014]], p. 227.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kwa kgotlatshekelong ka Firikgong 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetlho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go dira jaaka moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko.<ref name=":16">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi]] 2012, p. 249.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , Dow o ne a dira jaaka karolo ya thomo ya [[Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le [[Charlotte Abaka]] wa Mo-Ghana, yo e kileng ya bo e le modulasetilo wa [[Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref name=":7">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDivision_for_the_Advancement_of_Women2004|Division for the Advancement of Women 2004]], p. 8.</ref> [[Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya Middle East Technical University ya Bong le Basadi; kwa [[Ankara]], kwa Turkey;<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBianet2019|Bianet 2019.]]</ref> [[Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre kwa [[Accra]];<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBowman2019|Bowman 2019]], p. 4.</ref> le Moaforika Borwa, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]], moporofesara wa molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|Yunibesithing ya Pennsylvania]] [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|State]].<ref name=":7" /> Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna molaodi wa [[Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong ao ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref name=":12">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLazaroff2012|Lazaroff 2012]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro , o ne a tlhophiwa go direla mo komiting e kgolo ya Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi le balaodi ba le barataro ba ba boelelang le maloko a mararo a masha, go akaretsa le ene, [[Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa [[Serbia]] le [[Raji Sourani]] wa [[Palastina]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPalestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights2006|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights 2006]].</ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo kgetsing ya ''[[Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa kwa Kgotleng Kgolo ya Ditsheko ka 2002 ke batho ba Basarwa<ref name=":10">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 103–104, 107.</ref> (ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwang batho ba naga ya Kalahari)<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa kgetsi mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le 241 ba ba neng ba tsena mo kgetsing fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e fedisa metsi mo lefelong leno la polokelo, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisa go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, le go leka go tlosa Basarwa ka dikgoka kwa ba nnang teng. Ba ne ba baakanya kgetse ya bone go akaretsa go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa naga go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong la tshireletso kwantle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya diteseletso tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref name=":10" /> Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka 2006, Dow o ne ya swetsa ka gore go fedisiwa ga ditirelo le go patelediwa go fudusiwa ga Basarwa go ne go emela tlolomolao ya tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaomotheo.<ref name=":5" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 108–109.</ref> O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ditshenyegelo di duelwe ba ba neng ba fudusitswe mme ba se na keletso ya go boa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 109.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro ba ne ba dumalana gore di ne di thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, ka le fa Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa Naga le ne le sa patelesege go ntsha diteseletso, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela ka nako e gape ba neng ba emisa mophako, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa batho ba Basarwa jwa go itshedisa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 115–117.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go dirisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 120.</ref> Kgetse e, go ya ka moporofesa wa molao Clement Ng'ong'ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana go amogela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba tlholego mo mafatsheng a borraabonemogologolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 121.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, Dow o ne a dira jaaka leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya Rwanda le go sekaseka gore lefatshe le ka tswa jang mo [[dikgotlhang]] tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya yone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo dikgetseng tsa [[polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba bo tshekiso e e sa tseeng letlhakore.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREF%C3%85hlund2007|Åhlund 2007]], p. 5.</ref><ref name=":11">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_South_Australia2009|University of South Australia 2009]].</ref> Nngwe ya dikgetsi tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le malebang le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la dino tse di tagang. Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome mararo mme kgetse e ne ya feleletsa e tholotswe.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a rola tiro mo setilong ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Yunibesithi ya Washington le Lee]] kwa [[Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a dira jaaka moporofesa yo o etileng kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" /> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010–gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , Dow o ne a tlhoma feme ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi eo o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[Tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong ya Nakwana e e Ikemetseng ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go diragatsa [[Molaomotheo]] o mosha wa Kenya.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNSW_Bar_Association2011|NSW Bar Association 2011]].</ref><ref name=":9" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe , o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetulo wa Komiti e kgolo ya Molaodi wa Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCrowe2011|Crowe 2011]].</ref> Mo ngwageng oo Dow o ne a simolola go dira le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo tse dingwe tsa [[batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa Omang tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 247–248.</ref> Ka nako eo kwa Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba baakanye ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dikwalong tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba ya kwa ofising ya Omang le kwadiso matsalo go fetola dikwalo tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go tla ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 244, 248.</ref> Ba ne ba kopa Dow go ba thusa, mme ene o ne a ikgolaganya le [[Setheo sa Ditsheko sa Aforika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le tshegetso ya madi.<ref name=":13">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], p. 248.</ref> Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla newa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke kgetse, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo kgetsing e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa dikgetse tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref name=":13" /><sup>[Nopolo ya boraro]</sup> Go fitlhelela seo, Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetsing ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya matsalo. Mokgatlho o ne o ganetswe ka go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Badiri le Merero ya Selegae, ka mabaka a gore ditiro tsa thatano ya bong di ne di se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng leo. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho go tlola tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore kgetse e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa thobalano, mme e le gore a maloko a ka kokoana le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014a|Mokwape 2014a]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha le go se letla go kopana go ne go tlola Molaomotheo, Dikarolo ya boraro, lesome le bobedi, le lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, kgololesego ya go kopana, le kgololesego ya go kokoana ka go latelana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014b|Mokwape 2014b]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow and Macsuzy Mondon, September 2015.jpg|thumb|200x200px|BoTona Dow le [[Macsuzy Mondon]] (Seychelles) ba saena Memo ya Kutlwano ya lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le malatsi marataro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile lesome le bobedi , Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bonno a Iseraele a kwa West Bank a amang Bapalestina ka teng.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a swetsa go tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenelela lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2012a|''Sunday Standard'' 2012a]].</ref> O ne a emela [[ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a latlhegelwa ke go bata setilo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBasimanebotlhe2014|Basimanebotlhe 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le itlhophetsweng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo Pusong eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotsamai2014|Motsamai 2014]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMosikare2014|Mosikare 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso ke Khama, a tlhatlhama [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Mothusatautona wa Botswana yo wa nako eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPiet2015|Piet 2015]].</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa Seychelles kwa Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana kwa ntle go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPhiloBonnelame2015|Philo & Bonnelame 2015]].</ref> O ne a direla mo maemong ao go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, fa mo kabakanngwa cabinet, a ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2016b|''Mmegi'' 2016b]].</ref> Morago ga gore Khama a tloge mo maemong a botautona ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , Dow o ne a sutisiwa ke Tautona yo o tsenang Masisi go tswa mo Thutong go ya kwa maemong a Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo ya Matlo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMwakideu2018|Mwakideu 2018]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2018|Gabathuse 2018]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi 2018, mo phetogong ya cabinet, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele, a ananya setilo sa gagwe mo Mafaratlhatlheng le Matlo le Vincent Tina Seretse, yo o neng a tshwere Merero ya Mafatshe a sele mo nakong e e fetileng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMorupisi2018|Morupisi 2018]].</ref> Masisi o ne a fenya botautona mo [[ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa 2019]] mme a tlhomamisa gape Dow jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele ya palamente ya bo lesome le bobedi ya Botswana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2019|''Mmegi'' 2019]].</ref> Dow mmogo le barwadie Cheshe le Natasha, o ne a bula Dow Academy kwa Mochudi, [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng]] ka Firikgong 2020. Sekolo seno se se ikemetseng se ruta thuto e potlana le e kgolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLuebering2020|Luebering 2020]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Dow o ne a tlogela bodiredi jwa gagwe mme a emisediwa ka Lemogang Kwape mo phetogong ya cabinet.<ref name=":14">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotlhoka2020|Motlhoka 2020]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2020|Gabathuse 2020]].</ref> Dow o buile ka kgato e, "Jaaka tona o bua thata ka portfolio ya gago. Mme [[banka e e kwa morago]] e go naya kgololesego ya go botsolotsa dikgang tse di farologaneng tse di amang bosetšhaba. Tekanyetso e le nosi ke boemo jwa lekoko la me mo kgannyeng e e rileng".<ref name=":14" /> == Go kwala == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi , fa Dow a ne a simolola go gatisa dibuka tsa dinaane, ke bakwadi ba le mmalwa fela ba Batswana ba ba neng ba dirile dibuka tse di neng tsa fitlhelela babadi kwa ntle ga Botswana. <ref name=":15" /> Lengwe la mabaka a seno e ne e le kganetso e e tiileng ya boeteledipele jwa Batswana gore MaBorithane ba kopanye kgaolo ya bona le ya Aforika Borwa, e e neng ya isa kwa go itshireletseng kgatlhanong le Pan-Africanism le go tlhoka dipeeletso mo mafaratlhatlheng a setšhaba le tlhabololo ya thuto. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;34, 36.</ref> Bobedi dibuka tsa gagwe tsa non-fiction le tsa fiction di kopanya dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le seabe sa tsona mo bong le mo kagong ya maatla. <ref name=":9" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;35.</ref>Mosebetsi o mong le o mong wa Dow o hlahloba ditlwaelo tsa setjhaba tse lebisang ho se leka-lekane ha dikamano tsa matla le ho susumetsa pefo kgahlanong le basadi, tlhekefetso ya thobalano ya bana, bothata ba AIDS, le ho se lekane ha bong. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012,]] p.&#x20;151.</ref> Batho ba ba mo bukeng ya gagwe ba dirisa tlhaloganyo go ganana le ngwao e e sa utlwaleng mme ba gakolola mmadi ka botlhokwa jwa setso sa setso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012]], p.&#x20;153.</ref> Ka padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, Far and Beyon' (2000), Dow o ne a bua thata ka ga leroborobo la AIDS le ditlamorago tsa tirisodikgoka mo malapeng, segolo jang ka fa basadi ba ba tshelang mo setšhabeng sa borra-bana ba lebanang le malapa a a senang borre ka ntlha ya tshenyo e e tlisitseng kwa Botswana ya kwa magaeng. <ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;40.</ref>E sekaseka dithibelo tsa ditlwaelo tsa setso, meetlo, le ditheo tse di beilweng mo basading le mo basading ka go dirisa dikago tse di ikaegileng ka banna.<ref name=":17" /> Mo kanegelong eno, Mara, mmè yo o sa itseng go bala le go kwala yo o nang le bokgoni jo bo lekanyeditsweng jwa go itlamela, o setse a na le monna a le mongwe le barwa ba le babedi ba ba bolawang ke AIDS, monna yo mongwe a mo latlha, mme molekane wa gagwe wa boraro o mo sotla.<ref name=":18">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p.&#x20;38</ref> <ref name=":17" />Mara o bolela gore loso lwa barwa ba gagwe lo bakilwe ke mmaba yo o fitlhegileng mme o batla dikarabo mo go yo o bolelelang pele isagwe. Le fa morwadie, Mosadi (e e rayang mosadi), yo o itsegeng jaaka Mosa, le morwawe yo o setseng, Stan, ba sa dumele gore meetlo ya mmoki e tla tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang fa bomorwarraabone ba sule, ba tsamaya mmogo le meletlo e e laetsweng. <ref name=":18" /> Fa Mosa a lemoga gore o imile mme o latlhetswe ke rraagwe ngwana, o swetsa go senya mpa ka sephiri, go na le go imetsa mmaagwe go feta.<ref name=":18" /> Mo maitekong a go fodisa lelapa la gagwe, Mosa o sekaseka ditlwaelo tsa loago tse di kgaoganyang banna le basadi le go godisa ditiro tsa banna, a ruta basadi go itlhokomolosa diphoso tsa bone. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;41.</ref>A nna a ikanyega mo lelapeng la gagwe le mo setsong sa gagwe, o ithuta go gana go amogela maitsholo a a sa siamang mo setšhabeng sa gaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Ka tsela e, Dow o tlhatlhoba gore go ineela ga setšhaba le go didimala ka diphoso mo setšhabeng go isa jang kwa tlhakatlhakanong ya mogopolo le go dirisa ba ba senang maatla ka tsela e e sa siamang ke ba ba nang le maatla go feta. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;38–40.</ref> Dipolelo tse di tshwanang di ne tsa tsenngwa mo bukeng ya bobedi ya ga Dow, The Screaming of the Innocent (2001), e e sekasekang gape maatlafatso ya basadi mo nageng e e tletseng ka bonweenwee jwa sepodisi, polao ya ngwao, sephiri sa setheo, le tidimalo ya setšhaba. <ref name=":15" /> Go batlisisa tlwaelo ya setso ya dipheko, go bolaya mongwe go kotula dirwe tsa gagwe tsa mmele ka ntlha ya dinonofo tsa bone tsa boselamose tsa lesego le katlego, Dow o bontsha ka moo bahumi le ba ba maatla ba tsomang ka teng batho ba ba sa itseng go bala le go kwala ba kwa magaeng le go reka tidimalo ya babusi. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;40–41.</ref>Mo bukeng, mosetsanyana o bolailwe mo sekgweng gaufi le motse wa gaabo mme tshedimosetso ka ga kgetsi e ne ya thibelwa ke sepodisi le banna ba ba maatla ba lefelo la gaabo. Go kgaolwa ga mmele wa gagwe go fitlhilwe mo bukeng e le letshwao le le supang gore batho ga ba amogele mekgwa e e ntseng jalo mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Protagonist, Amantle Bokaa, yo o fetsang tirelo ya gagwe ya bosetšhaba (e e itsegeng kwa Botswana jaaka Tirelo Sechaba), o fitlhela diaparo tse di nang le madi mo kamoreng ya tleliniki e a e abetsweng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;42–43.</ref> Diaparo tseno ke tsa motho mongwe yo o neng a bolailwe pele ga moo, mme fa di neelwa baagi ba motse ba lemoga gore ba ne ba sa di itse. Bokaa, ka gore baagi ba motse ba dumela gore ga a kitla a bonwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke balaodi, o tlhophiwa go bua le mapodisi mo boemong jwa baagi ba motse.[ 78] Ka gore ke mosadi le ngwana, o lebega a sena maatla, mme thuto ya gagwe, e e mo rutileng bokgoni jwa go dirisana le kganetso le go belaela ditumelo, e mo naya maatla le boitshepo go gwetlha molao wa tidimalo le dikgoreletsi tsa loago mo tseleng ya gagwe. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;43.</ref> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNgom2018|Ngom 2018,]] p.&#x20;23.</ref>Tiro ya ga Dow ga e bue fela ka dikamano tsa maatla, mme gape e bua ka dilo tse di tshosang tsa polao ya ngwao le polao ya basadi.[ 80] O tlhalosa ka tlhamalalo tumelo ya gagwe ya gore basadi e tla nna bone ba ba tla fetolang dipholisi go fedisa mekgwa e e ntseng jalo.[ 81] Far and Beyon′ e ne ya gololwa la ntlha kwa Botswana mme morago ya gatisiwa kwa Australia. The Screaming of the Innocent e ne ya gatisiwa la ntlha kwa Australia mme ya gatisiwa gape kwa Afrika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro. Buka ya gagwe ya boraro, Juggling Truths, e ne ya phasaladiwa ngwaga oo kwa Australia mme ya gololwa ngwaga o o latelang kwa Afrika Borwa. 82] Dow gape o ne a tlhatlhoba ditlwaelo tsa setso tse di sa siamang le ditlwaelo tsa loago ka maano a go di lwantsha.[ 83] Le fa a ne a kile a batlisisa ka ga setšhaba sa Aforika le mathata a a bakilweng ke go ganana le segompieno sa Bophirima le setso sa selegae, tiro e e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo tiragalong ya go lekalekanya go dumalana le ditlwaelo tse di siameng le tse di sa siamang mo setsong sa selegae. [ Ka go dirisa setshwano sa Monei, mosetsana yo monnye yo o nnang mo motseng wa magae, Dow o tlhatlhoba dingwao tsa molomo le tiriso ya ditlhamane le ditlhamane jaaka tsela ya go tsenya dikaelo tsa maitsholo le jaaka taolo ya loago mo baneng. 85] Buka eno e gwetlha dilo tse di jaaka tumelo ya gore go bolaya segwagwa se se nnang se lebile go ka baka matsubutsubu a magolo, gore go tsalana le motho yo o nang le boswafi go ka tlisa bomadimabe, kana gore go nwa motlhapo wa poo go ka thusa motho go ithuta go letsa molodi. Gape e na le dipolelo tse di buang ka selalome sa monna se se medisang bana le moruti yo o sotlang basetsana ka tlhakanelodikobo. Ditema tse di mo kanegelong di golaganya Juggling Truths le dibuka tsa ntlha tse pedi tsa ga Dow mme di kaya gore basetsana le basadi ba kgona go tlhabolola nonofo ya bone ka thuto le go akanya ka go ikemela. 85][86] Dow o atamela tshekatsheko ya gagwe ya go raraana ga loago a dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditsereganyo, a lemoga gore ga go na ditharabololo tse di bonolo.[ 87] Juggling Truths e ne e le moanelwa wa Percy FitzPatrick Prize mo setlhopheng sa basha ba ba godileng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro.[ 88] Buka ya Dow ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa ya The Heavens May Fall e bua ka boitshupo jo bo fetogang go tswa mo setšhabeng sa setso go ya mo lefatsheng la segompieno la lefatshe lotlhe. Mo matlhong a ga Dow, setšhaba se fetoga ka metlha; ka ntlha ya seo, ngwao, bong, boitshupo, puo, kago ya loago le ditheo di a fetoga. 89] Kgang e e buang ka botshelo jwa ga Dow, e bua ka phetogo go tswa mo ditseleng tse di se nang ditshipi go ya go diphaepe tsa metsi tsa mo teng ga ntlo le ka moo khumo ya teemane e neng ya dira gore go nne le thuto, tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo le ditirelo.[ Buka e e neetswe bana ba gagwe ba bararo, e boeletsa ka moo dikakanyo ka ga bone di fetogileng ka teng, jaaka e le Maaforika, mme gape ba abelana ka boitshupo jo bo raraaneng ka gonne rraabone e ne e le moagi wa US. Mo nakong e kgang e diragalang ka yone, ba ne ba tla tsewa e le batswakwa. 91] Kgang e e bua ka Naledi, yo o belegweng pele ga go dirwa ga Botswana sešwa mme e diragala ka nako ya fa Dow a ne a gwetlha molao wa bosetšhaba.[ 92] Jaaka mmueledi, Naledi o emela basadi ba ba bokoa le bana ba ba tlhokang katlholo kgotsa thuso ya semolao. O tsaya kgetsi ya lekgarebe lengwe le le neng la betelelwa mme o senola gore tsamaiso ya semolao e e laolwang ke banna e ne e na le seabe, e leng se se dirileng gore kgetsi eno e se ka ya sekwa ka nako ya tsheko. Le fa kgetse e sa rarabololwa, molatofadiwa o ne a laelwa go dira teko ya HIV, ka ntlha ya gore motlhaselwa wa gagwe o ne a kile a tlhakanela dikobo a sa itshireletsa,[93] se se gatelelang diphetogo tsa loago le go fetofetoga ga maemo. Go nna monna ga go ne go naya molatofadiwa tshiamelo kgotsa maatla a go tila teko mo nageng e mo go yona tsamaiso ya molao e nang le tshireletso go akaretsa tshireletso ya basadi,[94] go sa kgathalesege gore tsamaiso ya molao e ne ya palelwa kwa bofelong Naledi.[ 68] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1959]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Baatlhodi ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Molwela-ditshwanelo tsa bomme wa Botswana]] == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Mme Unity Diswai o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1959, kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro, kwa [[Mochudi]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgaolong ya Kgatleng]] mo [[Botswana]] (yo ka nako e o a neng a bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]] ), <ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> ke ngwana wa batsadi ba gagwe e bong rre Phiri le mme Maefshane Diswai (ba gape ba itsegeng ka maina a Moses le Ellen Diswai), bobedi jo bo tsalatswe mo morafeng wa [[Basarwa]] fa godimo ga moo ke maloko a morafe wa BaKgatla.<ref name=":0" /> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> Motse wa selegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sena ditsela tsa sekonotiri, motlakase le fa e le metsi a a elelang. Go ne go sena megala ya letheka mme o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi ka matlho go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, le fa e le setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=48}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref> . Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme a sa kgone go bala le go kwala ka Sekgoa.<ref><ref name=":1" /></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>. Rraagwe yo o neng a berekela mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua ebile a kgona go bala Sekgoa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>E ne ya re fa rraagwe a tsena sekolo, o ne a ikgapela thuso ya madi a go tsena kwa [[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Fort Hare]], mme thuso e o e ne ya fiwa morwa wa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba dumela gore thuto ke selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa ithutelo tiro.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref> Dithuto tsa bone [[:en:Western_culture|tsa kwa Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelesega mo magaeng a Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref> Mme Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana_and_Swaziland|sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland]] . <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref>. Ka go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Boritheini mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona setlankana sa gagwe [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|sa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao]] ka ngwaga wa 1983 kwa sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2012 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|pp=49–50}}</ref></ref>. == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> Go fitlhelela seo, mme Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho [[LEGABIBO|wa LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo tshekong ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya setshaba. Mokgatlho o ne o gannwe go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le ga mmogo le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Merero ya Badiri le tsa Selegae, ka mabaka a gore go ratana ga bong go ne go se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho yo go ne go le kgatlhanong le tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore tsheko e, e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa tlhakanelodikobo, mme e ne e le ka ga gore a maloko a ka kgona go kokoanya le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014a}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotlatshekelokgolo o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha seo le go se letla go kopana go ne go gataka Molaomotheo, karolo ya boraro, ya lesome le bobedi, le ya lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, go kopana le go kopana ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014b}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> Go fitlhelela seo, mme Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho [[LEGABIBO|wa LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo tshekong ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya setshaba. Mokgatlho o ne o gannwe go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le ga mmogo le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Merero ya Badiri le tsa Selegae, ka mabaka a gore go ratana ga bong go ne go se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho yo go ne go le kgatlhanong le tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore tsheko e, e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa tlhakanelodikobo, mme e ne e le ka ga gore a maloko a ka kgona go kokoanya le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014a}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotlatshekelokgolo o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha seo le go se letla go kopana go ne go gataka Molaomotheo, karolo ya boraro, ya lesome le bobedi, le ya lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, go kopana le go kopana ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014b}}</ref></ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_and_Macsuzy_Mondon,_September_2015.jpg|alt=Photograph of two seated women, attended by two witnesses standing beside them, signing documents on a table.|thumb| Ditona mme Dow le mme Macsuzy Mondon (Seychelles) ba baya monwana mo mokwalong wa Kutlwano wa lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] dnaw5tguwog3c87a7el96wr0pkgkmhb 53375 53371 2026-07-27T15:26:04Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Law and activism" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358461802|Unity Dow]]" 53375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Unity Dow|office=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Botswana)|Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]|image=Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6269953840.jpg|alt=Photograph of an African woman in a grey brocaded suit standing in front of a backdrop depicting a group of African women in blue dresses, while giving a speech. She is wearing a geometrically patterned beaded neck collar, has a yellow device in her right hand, and is pointing with her left index finger to the left of the stage.|caption=Dow in 2011|predecessor=[[Vincent T. Seretse]]|president=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|successor=[[Lemogang Kwape]]|term_start=2 November 2019|term_end=26 August 2020|majority2=193 (1.66%)|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Kgatleng West]]|predecessor2=''new constituency''|party=[[Botswana Congress Party]]|birth_name=Unity Diswai|birth_date={{birth date and age|1959|4|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Mochudi]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (now [[Botswana]]|spouse={{Marriage|Peter Nathan Dow|7 March 1984}}<br/> Karl J. Stahl{{sfn|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology|2008}}|children=3|alma_mater=[[University of Botswana and Swaziland]] ([[LLB]])<br>[[University of Edinburgh]]|profession=Lawyer, judge, politician, writer, and human rights activist}} '''Unity Dow''' (née '''Diswai'''; o tshotswe ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro 1959) ke mmueledi wa [[Botswana|Motswana]]<sup>[<nowiki/>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|N]]</sup><sup>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|opolo 1]]]</sup>, mokwadi, [[molweladitshwanelo tsa batho]] le [[Leloko la Palamente]] la [[Kgatleng Bophirima]] e sale ka Ngwanatsele 2024. O kile a nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] le mo phateng a a farologaneng a Botswana. O tsholetswe kwa [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] ke moroki le molemimorui, ba ba neng ba gatelela gore bana ba bone ba bone thuto, Dow o goletse mo motseng wa setso wa legae pele ga ditlhabololo tsa segompieno. O ne a bona thuto ya molao ka 1983 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]], le fa dithuto tsa gagwe di ne tsa wediwa kwa Swaziland le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], kwa Scotland, ka Botswana a ne a sena sekolo sa molao ka nako eo. Fa a sena go aloga, Dow o ne a bula kantoro ya ntlha ya molao e le ya basadi gotlhe mo Botswana mme ka 1997 a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya lefatshe leo. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo tirong ya molao, Dow o ne a amega mo dikgetsing di le tharo tsa ditso mo Botswana. Ka 1992, e ne e le mongongoregi mo kgetsing e e botlhokwa ya semolao, ''[[Unity Dow v Attorney-Genera]]''l, e e neng ya fedisa go tlhaola batho ka bong mo [[melaong ya bosetšhaba]] ya setšhaba e pele e neng e sa letle bana go bona bosetšhaba mo go bommaabone ba ba nyetsweng. Kgetse e ne ya bonela Dow tebelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba mme ya tsosa lekhubu la diphetogo tse di fedisang go sa lekalekane ga bong mo melaong ya bosetšhaba go ralala Aforika. Ka 2006, jaaka moatlhodi yo o okametseng kgetse ya ga ''Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana'', Dow o ne a atlhola kgatlhanong le ditiro tsa puso tsa go thibela [[batho ba tlholego ba Basarwa]] go nna le go tsoma mo [[mafelong a borraabonemogologolwane]], mme seo sa ba pateletsa go nna gape kwa ntle ga [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]]. O ne a atlhola gore puso e tshwanetse go busetsa ditirelo tsa motheo, e letle Basarwa go boela mo lefatsheng le go bona ditetla tsa go tsoma, le go duela ditshenyegelo mo go ba ba fudusitsweng ka dikgoka fa ba ka tlhopha go se boele. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi wa semolao wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetseng ya bone ya go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa Lephateng la Kwadiso ya Matsalo mme ba atlega go amogela katlholo ya gore puso e letle mokgatlho o kwadisiwe. Dow o ne a tlhophiwa la ntlha go tsena mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 2014, fa a ne a tlhophiwa ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] jaaka mopalamente yo o itlhophetsweng. O ne a tlhomiwa la ntlha go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mme ka 2015 a nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso. Morago ga moo o ne a dira jaaka Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo, Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo, le Tona ya Merero ya mafatshe a sele, pele ga a nna moeteledipele wa [[lemorago]] ka 2020. O dirile mo dikhuduthamageng le dikomiting di le mmalwa tsa boditšhabatšhaba, a sekaseka tiriso ya melao e e amang ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa [[Kenya]], [[Palastina]], [[Rwanda]] le [[Sierra Leone]]. Ka 2000, Dow o ne a simolola go gatisa dipadi, ka tlwaelo o ne a lebile dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le ditlamorago tsa tsone mo dipopegong tsa bong le tsa maatla. Dibuka tse di sekaseka mekgwa ya loago le go dirisa batho botlhaswa ka go ba sotlaka, go dirisa dikgoka le go gatelela ditshwanelo tsa batho. O amogetse dikakgolo le ditlotla di le dintsi ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go thusa batho, go akaretsa le [[Legion of Honor]] ka 2010. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Unity Dow o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1959 mo motseng wa [[Mochudi]], mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|kgaolong ya Kgatleng]], mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]] le ka nako eo e neng ele [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]]<ref name=":0">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi 2012]], p. 248.</ref><ref name=":15">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p. 34.</ref> mo batsading ba gagwe Phiri le Maefshane Diswai (ba ba itsegeng gape ka leina la Moses le Ellen Diswai), ditlogolwana tsa merafe ya tlholego ya [[Basarwa]] le maloko a merafe ya Bakgatla. Motseselegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sa tshelwa ditsela, motlakase le metsi a a elang. Go ne go sena mesokelatsebeng e bile o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bonana, le fa e le thelebishene go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 48.</ref><ref name=":1">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFEllis2012|Ellis 2012.]]</ref> Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme e seng Seesemane.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2007|''Sunday Standard'' 2007.]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 49.</ref> Rraagwe, yo o neng a bereka mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua le go bala Seesemane.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNarloch2012|Narloch 2012]], p. 3.</ref> Fa rraagwe a ne a le kwa sekolong, o ne a gapa thuso ya madi a go tsena [[Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare]], mme thuso eo e ne ya newa morwa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Mo batsading ba gagwe ka bobedi, thuto e ne ya nna selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa yunibesithi.<ref name=":3" /> Dithuto tsa bone tsa [[Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelega mo metseselegaeng ya Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":2" /> Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ka gonne go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Borithane o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona digerata ya gagwe ya [[Bachelor of Laws]] ka 1983 kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_Edinburgh2010|University of Edinburgh 2010.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], pp. 49–50.</ref> == Molao le bolweladitshwanelo == === Tiro ya gagwe ya pele (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6266756376.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Unity Dow]] Diswai o ne a bona dithutego tsa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go bereka kwa dikantorong tsa [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana]] e le mosekisi wa melato ya borukutlhi kwa [[Gaborone]]. O nyalane le moagi wa Amerika, Peter Nathan Dow, ka Mopitlo a supa 1984. Banyalani ba ba ne ba nna kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1986, Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong e e ikemetseng ka nosi e e neng e dira tiro ya molao wa bosenyi, mme a bula feme ya Dow Malakaila, e leng feme ya ntlha ya molao ya basadi-botlhe mo lefatsheng leo. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa bomme mo Botswana sa [[Emang Basadi]] (Emela Basadi ka dinao). Ka 1988, leina la feme le ne la fetolwa moragonyana go nna Dow Lesetedi and Company.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSegwai2008|Segwai 2008.]]</ref><ref name=":4" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a simolola mmogo mokgatlho wa Basadi le Molao mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WLSA) go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dikgetsi.<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka 1988 go fitlha ka 1991, Dow o ne a direla WLSA dipatlisiso, a thusa go wetsa thutopatlisiso ya kgaolo ka ga ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi mo mafatsheng a le marataro tse di mabapi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> Ka 1990, o thusitse go tlhoma Lefelo la Tshedimosetso la Basadi la Metlhaetsile go rotloetsa thuto ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1990, Dow o ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolong ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagi wa 1984, ke fela [[bana ba ba seng ka fa molaong]] ba ba neng ba ka bona bosetšhaba ka mmaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1992|Quansah 1992]], p. 196.</ref> Ka bana ba gagwe ba le babedi mo go ba le bararo le Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa tsewe e le Batswana.<ref name=":6">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 294.</ref> Ka go boifa gore go ka nna le kgonagalo ya gore fa tetla ya ga Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng e felelwa ke nako ka 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ka nna la patelesega go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola kgetsi ya [[Unity Dow v Attorney-General]] a latofatsa gore Molao wa Boagi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefadiwa le go sotlakakwa mo go seng mo sethong. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela e ema Dow nokeng e dumalana gore molao o ama tlhopho ya gagwe e e gololesegileng ya gore o tla nyala mang, o ka mo pateletsa go kgaogana le lelwapa la gagwe fa ditetlelelo tsa bonno tsa monna wa gagwe le bana ba gagwe di sa ntšhwafadiwe, mme o ne o tlhaola.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColdham1992|Coldham 1992]], pp. 91–92.</ref> === Tiro ya magareng (1991–2009) === Dow o ne a tsere sebaka sa dingwaga di le pedi a beetse tiro ya gagwe ya molao kwa tlhoko ka 1991 ka ntlha ya kgetse e mme ka nako eo, o ne a simolola mmogo Sekolo se se botlana sa Baobob kwa Gaborone le AIDS Action Trust.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColumbia_Law_School2009|Columbia Law School 2009.]]</ref> O ne a dira jaaka mogokaganyi wa WLSA go tloga ka 1992 go fitlha ka 1994,<ref name=":5" /> fa boikuelo jwa kgetse ya gagwe bo santse bo letilwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo, ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya nganga gore go tlhaola basadi go sireleditswe ke dipeelo tsa molaomotheo go somarela dingwao tsa setso tsa Botswana, e e neng e le setšhaba sa [[losika lwa borre]].<ref name=":6" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 190–191.</ref> Mmueledi Mogolo le ene o ne a ganela gore Dow o ne a na le maitsetsepelo, a bolela gore ene ka boene ga a a utlwisiwa botlhoko ke sepe.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 190.</ref> [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Tautona ya Baatlhodi [[Austin Amissah]], e ne ya swetsa ka gore kgethololo ya bong e thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ka se fete dipeelo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse Botswana e neng e na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le modumedi wa tsone.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 295.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 196.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya maitsetsepelo, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go na le kgonagalo ya gore a ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne a gobaditswe, mme go kgaogana le ba lelwapa la gagwe go tla bo go nyenyefatsa le go tlhoka setho.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 200–201.</ref> Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa katlholo ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditseko ka diphetogo tse dinnye, ya bolela gore Dikarolo tsa bone le botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagi ga di dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 189.</ref> Ka ntlha ya katlholo e e botlhokwa e, ka 1995 Molao wa Boagi o ne wa baakanngwa go tlosa go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go boneng bosetšhaba mo Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 50.</ref> Katlholo e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go ralala Aforika go gatelela phetogo mo melaong ya bone ya bosetšhaba le go fedisa go sa lekalekane ga bong, mme seno sa felela ka gore mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa mafatshe a Aforika a baakanye melao ya bosetšhaba ka 2010.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPailey2020|Pailey 2020]], p. 1839.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 48.</ref> Go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 1998, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mokaedi wa Setheo sa Tshedimosetso sa Basadi sa Metlhaetsile mme ka nako eo o ne a gatisa ''The Citizenship Case'' ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa kgetse ya gagwe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Ka 1996, o ne a dira mo kgetsing e e neng e amana le [[go tlhokomela bana]] e e neng ya felela ka gore go dirwe phetolo ya melao ya tshegetso, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa o ne a tlhagisa kgetse ka ga [[bolwetse jwa basadi ba ba itewang]], a tsaya gore tseno ke dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo basading.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDavis2014|Davis 2014]], p. 227.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kwa kgotlatshekelong ka Firikgong 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetlho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go dira jaaka moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko.<ref name=":16">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi]] 2012, p. 249.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , Dow o ne a dira jaaka karolo ya thomo ya [[Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le [[Charlotte Abaka]] wa Mo-Ghana, yo e kileng ya bo e le modulasetilo wa [[Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref name=":7">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDivision_for_the_Advancement_of_Women2004|Division for the Advancement of Women 2004]], p. 8.</ref> [[Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya Middle East Technical University ya Bong le Basadi; kwa [[Ankara]], kwa Turkey;<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBianet2019|Bianet 2019.]]</ref> [[Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre kwa [[Accra]];<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBowman2019|Bowman 2019]], p. 4.</ref> le Moaforika Borwa, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]], moporofesara wa molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|Yunibesithing ya Pennsylvania]] [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|State]].<ref name=":7" /> Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna molaodi wa [[Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong ao ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref name=":12">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLazaroff2012|Lazaroff 2012]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro , o ne a tlhophiwa go direla mo komiting e kgolo ya Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi le balaodi ba le barataro ba ba boelelang le maloko a mararo a masha, go akaretsa le ene, [[Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa [[Serbia]] le [[Raji Sourani]] wa [[Palastina]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPalestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights2006|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights 2006]].</ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo kgetsing ya ''[[Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa kwa Kgotleng Kgolo ya Ditsheko ka 2002 ke batho ba Basarwa<ref name=":10">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 103–104, 107.</ref> (ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwang batho ba naga ya Kalahari)<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa kgetsi mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le 241 ba ba neng ba tsena mo kgetsing fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e fedisa metsi mo lefelong leno la polokelo, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisa go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, le go leka go tlosa Basarwa ka dikgoka kwa ba nnang teng. Ba ne ba baakanya kgetse ya bone go akaretsa go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa naga go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong la tshireletso kwantle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya diteseletso tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref name=":10" /> Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka 2006, Dow o ne ya swetsa ka gore go fedisiwa ga ditirelo le go patelediwa go fudusiwa ga Basarwa go ne go emela tlolomolao ya tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaomotheo.<ref name=":5" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 108–109.</ref> O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ditshenyegelo di duelwe ba ba neng ba fudusitswe mme ba se na keletso ya go boa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 109.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro ba ne ba dumalana gore di ne di thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, ka le fa Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa Naga le ne le sa patelesege go ntsha diteseletso, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela ka nako e gape ba neng ba emisa mophako, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa batho ba Basarwa jwa go itshedisa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 115–117.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go dirisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 120.</ref> Kgetse e, go ya ka moporofesa wa molao Clement Ng'ong'ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana go amogela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba tlholego mo mafatsheng a borraabonemogologolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 121.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, Dow o ne a dira jaaka leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya Rwanda le go sekaseka gore lefatshe le ka tswa jang mo [[dikgotlhang]] tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya yone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo dikgetseng tsa [[polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba bo tshekiso e e sa tseeng letlhakore.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREF%C3%85hlund2007|Åhlund 2007]], p. 5.</ref><ref name=":11">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_South_Australia2009|University of South Australia 2009]].</ref> Nngwe ya dikgetsi tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le malebang le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la dino tse di tagang. Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome mararo mme kgetse e ne ya feleletsa e tholotswe.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a rola tiro mo setilong ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Yunibesithi ya Washington le Lee]] kwa [[Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a dira jaaka moporofesa yo o etileng kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" /> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010–gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , Dow o ne a tlhoma feme ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi eo o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[Tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong ya Nakwana e e Ikemetseng ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go diragatsa [[Molaomotheo]] o mosha wa Kenya.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNSW_Bar_Association2011|NSW Bar Association 2011]].</ref><ref name=":9" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe , o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetulo wa Komiti e kgolo ya Molaodi wa Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCrowe2011|Crowe 2011]].</ref> Mo ngwageng oo Dow o ne a simolola go dira le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo tse dingwe tsa [[batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa Omang tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 247–248.</ref> Ka nako eo kwa Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba baakanye ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dikwalong tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba ya kwa ofising ya Omang le kwadiso matsalo go fetola dikwalo tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go tla ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 244, 248.</ref> Ba ne ba kopa Dow go ba thusa, mme ene o ne a ikgolaganya le [[Setheo sa Ditsheko sa Aforika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le tshegetso ya madi.<ref name=":13">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], p. 248.</ref> Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla newa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke kgetse, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo kgetsing e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa dikgetse tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref name=":13" /><sup>[Nopolo ya boraro]</sup> Go fitlhelela seo, Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetsing ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya matsalo. Mokgatlho o ne o ganetswe ka go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Badiri le Merero ya Selegae, ka mabaka a gore ditiro tsa thatano ya bong di ne di se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng leo. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho go tlola tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore kgetse e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa thobalano, mme e le gore a maloko a ka kokoana le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014a|Mokwape 2014a]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha le go se letla go kopana go ne go tlola Molaomotheo, Dikarolo ya boraro, lesome le bobedi, le lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, kgololesego ya go kopana, le kgololesego ya go kokoana ka go latelana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014b|Mokwape 2014b]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow and Macsuzy Mondon, September 2015.jpg|thumb|200x200px|BoTona Dow le [[Macsuzy Mondon]] (Seychelles) ba saena Memo ya Kutlwano ya lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le malatsi marataro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile lesome le bobedi , Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bonno a Iseraele a kwa West Bank a amang Bapalestina ka teng.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a swetsa go tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenelela lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2012a|''Sunday Standard'' 2012a]].</ref> O ne a emela [[ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a latlhegelwa ke go bata setilo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBasimanebotlhe2014|Basimanebotlhe 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le itlhophetsweng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo Pusong eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotsamai2014|Motsamai 2014]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMosikare2014|Mosikare 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso ke Khama, a tlhatlhama [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Mothusatautona wa Botswana yo wa nako eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPiet2015|Piet 2015]].</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa Seychelles kwa Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana kwa ntle go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPhiloBonnelame2015|Philo & Bonnelame 2015]].</ref> O ne a direla mo maemong ao go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, fa mo kabakanngwa cabinet, a ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2016b|''Mmegi'' 2016b]].</ref> Morago ga gore Khama a tloge mo maemong a botautona ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , Dow o ne a sutisiwa ke Tautona yo o tsenang Masisi go tswa mo Thutong go ya kwa maemong a Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo ya Matlo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMwakideu2018|Mwakideu 2018]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2018|Gabathuse 2018]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi 2018, mo phetogong ya cabinet, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele, a ananya setilo sa gagwe mo Mafaratlhatlheng le Matlo le Vincent Tina Seretse, yo o neng a tshwere Merero ya Mafatshe a sele mo nakong e e fetileng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMorupisi2018|Morupisi 2018]].</ref> Masisi o ne a fenya botautona mo [[ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa 2019]] mme a tlhomamisa gape Dow jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele ya palamente ya bo lesome le bobedi ya Botswana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2019|''Mmegi'' 2019]].</ref> Dow mmogo le barwadie Cheshe le Natasha, o ne a bula Dow Academy kwa Mochudi, [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng]] ka Firikgong 2020. Sekolo seno se se ikemetseng se ruta thuto e potlana le e kgolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLuebering2020|Luebering 2020]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Dow o ne a tlogela bodiredi jwa gagwe mme a emisediwa ka Lemogang Kwape mo phetogong ya cabinet.<ref name=":14">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotlhoka2020|Motlhoka 2020]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2020|Gabathuse 2020]].</ref> Dow o buile ka kgato e, "Jaaka tona o bua thata ka portfolio ya gago. Mme [[banka e e kwa morago]] e go naya kgololesego ya go botsolotsa dikgang tse di farologaneng tse di amang bosetšhaba. Tekanyetso e le nosi ke boemo jwa lekoko la me mo kgannyeng e e rileng".<ref name=":14" /> == Go kwala == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi , fa Dow a ne a simolola go gatisa dibuka tsa dinaane, ke bakwadi ba le mmalwa fela ba Batswana ba ba neng ba dirile dibuka tse di neng tsa fitlhelela babadi kwa ntle ga Botswana. <ref name=":15" /> Lengwe la mabaka a seno e ne e le kganetso e e tiileng ya boeteledipele jwa Batswana gore MaBorithane ba kopanye kgaolo ya bona le ya Aforika Borwa, e e neng ya isa kwa go itshireletseng kgatlhanong le Pan-Africanism le go tlhoka dipeeletso mo mafaratlhatlheng a setšhaba le tlhabololo ya thuto. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;34, 36.</ref> Bobedi dibuka tsa gagwe tsa non-fiction le tsa fiction di kopanya dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le seabe sa tsona mo bong le mo kagong ya maatla. <ref name=":9" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;35.</ref>Mosebetsi o mong le o mong wa Dow o hlahloba ditlwaelo tsa setjhaba tse lebisang ho se leka-lekane ha dikamano tsa matla le ho susumetsa pefo kgahlanong le basadi, tlhekefetso ya thobalano ya bana, bothata ba AIDS, le ho se lekane ha bong. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012,]] p.&#x20;151.</ref> Batho ba ba mo bukeng ya gagwe ba dirisa tlhaloganyo go ganana le ngwao e e sa utlwaleng mme ba gakolola mmadi ka botlhokwa jwa setso sa setso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012]], p.&#x20;153.</ref> Ka padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, Far and Beyon' (2000), Dow o ne a bua thata ka ga leroborobo la AIDS le ditlamorago tsa tirisodikgoka mo malapeng, segolo jang ka fa basadi ba ba tshelang mo setšhabeng sa borra-bana ba lebanang le malapa a a senang borre ka ntlha ya tshenyo e e tlisitseng kwa Botswana ya kwa magaeng. <ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;40.</ref>E sekaseka dithibelo tsa ditlwaelo tsa setso, meetlo, le ditheo tse di beilweng mo basading le mo basading ka go dirisa dikago tse di ikaegileng ka banna.<ref name=":17" /> Mo kanegelong eno, Mara, mmè yo o sa itseng go bala le go kwala yo o nang le bokgoni jo bo lekanyeditsweng jwa go itlamela, o setse a na le monna a le mongwe le barwa ba le babedi ba ba bolawang ke AIDS, monna yo mongwe a mo latlha, mme molekane wa gagwe wa boraro o mo sotla.<ref name=":18">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p.&#x20;38</ref> <ref name=":17" />Mara o bolela gore loso lwa barwa ba gagwe lo bakilwe ke mmaba yo o fitlhegileng mme o batla dikarabo mo go yo o bolelelang pele isagwe. Le fa morwadie, Mosadi (e e rayang mosadi), yo o itsegeng jaaka Mosa, le morwawe yo o setseng, Stan, ba sa dumele gore meetlo ya mmoki e tla tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang fa bomorwarraabone ba sule, ba tsamaya mmogo le meletlo e e laetsweng. <ref name=":18" /> Fa Mosa a lemoga gore o imile mme o latlhetswe ke rraagwe ngwana, o swetsa go senya mpa ka sephiri, go na le go imetsa mmaagwe go feta.<ref name=":18" /> Mo maitekong a go fodisa lelapa la gagwe, Mosa o sekaseka ditlwaelo tsa loago tse di kgaoganyang banna le basadi le go godisa ditiro tsa banna, a ruta basadi go itlhokomolosa diphoso tsa bone. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;41.</ref>A nna a ikanyega mo lelapeng la gagwe le mo setsong sa gagwe, o ithuta go gana go amogela maitsholo a a sa siamang mo setšhabeng sa gaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Ka tsela e, Dow o tlhatlhoba gore go ineela ga setšhaba le go didimala ka diphoso mo setšhabeng go isa jang kwa tlhakatlhakanong ya mogopolo le go dirisa ba ba senang maatla ka tsela e e sa siamang ke ba ba nang le maatla go feta. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;38–40.</ref> Dipolelo tse di tshwanang di ne tsa tsenngwa mo bukeng ya bobedi ya ga Dow, The Screaming of the Innocent (2001), e e sekasekang gape maatlafatso ya basadi mo nageng e e tletseng ka bonweenwee jwa sepodisi, polao ya ngwao, sephiri sa setheo, le tidimalo ya setšhaba. <ref name=":15" /> Go batlisisa tlwaelo ya setso ya dipheko, go bolaya mongwe go kotula dirwe tsa gagwe tsa mmele ka ntlha ya dinonofo tsa bone tsa boselamose tsa lesego le katlego, Dow o bontsha ka moo bahumi le ba ba maatla ba tsomang ka teng batho ba ba sa itseng go bala le go kwala ba kwa magaeng le go reka tidimalo ya babusi. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;40–41.</ref>Mo bukeng, mosetsanyana o bolailwe mo sekgweng gaufi le motse wa gaabo mme tshedimosetso ka ga kgetsi e ne ya thibelwa ke sepodisi le banna ba ba maatla ba lefelo la gaabo. Go kgaolwa ga mmele wa gagwe go fitlhilwe mo bukeng e le letshwao le le supang gore batho ga ba amogele mekgwa e e ntseng jalo mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Protagonist, Amantle Bokaa, yo o fetsang tirelo ya gagwe ya bosetšhaba (e e itsegeng kwa Botswana jaaka Tirelo Sechaba), o fitlhela diaparo tse di nang le madi mo kamoreng ya tleliniki e a e abetsweng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;42–43.</ref> Diaparo tseno ke tsa motho mongwe yo o neng a bolailwe pele ga moo, mme fa di neelwa baagi ba motse ba lemoga gore ba ne ba sa di itse. Bokaa, ka gore baagi ba motse ba dumela gore ga a kitla a bonwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke balaodi, o tlhophiwa go bua le mapodisi mo boemong jwa baagi ba motse.[ 78] Ka gore ke mosadi le ngwana, o lebega a sena maatla, mme thuto ya gagwe, e e mo rutileng bokgoni jwa go dirisana le kganetso le go belaela ditumelo, e mo naya maatla le boitshepo go gwetlha molao wa tidimalo le dikgoreletsi tsa loago mo tseleng ya gagwe. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;43.</ref> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNgom2018|Ngom 2018,]] p.&#x20;23.</ref>Tiro ya ga Dow ga e bue fela ka dikamano tsa maatla, mme gape e bua ka dilo tse di tshosang tsa polao ya ngwao le polao ya basadi.[ 80] O tlhalosa ka tlhamalalo tumelo ya gagwe ya gore basadi e tla nna bone ba ba tla fetolang dipholisi go fedisa mekgwa e e ntseng jalo.[ 81] Far and Beyon′ e ne ya gololwa la ntlha kwa Botswana mme morago ya gatisiwa kwa Australia. The Screaming of the Innocent e ne ya gatisiwa la ntlha kwa Australia mme ya gatisiwa gape kwa Afrika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro. Buka ya gagwe ya boraro, Juggling Truths, e ne ya phasaladiwa ngwaga oo kwa Australia mme ya gololwa ngwaga o o latelang kwa Afrika Borwa. 82] Dow gape o ne a tlhatlhoba ditlwaelo tsa setso tse di sa siamang le ditlwaelo tsa loago ka maano a go di lwantsha.[ 83] Le fa a ne a kile a batlisisa ka ga setšhaba sa Aforika le mathata a a bakilweng ke go ganana le segompieno sa Bophirima le setso sa selegae, tiro e e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo tiragalong ya go lekalekanya go dumalana le ditlwaelo tse di siameng le tse di sa siamang mo setsong sa selegae. [ Ka go dirisa setshwano sa Monei, mosetsana yo monnye yo o nnang mo motseng wa magae, Dow o tlhatlhoba dingwao tsa molomo le tiriso ya ditlhamane le ditlhamane jaaka tsela ya go tsenya dikaelo tsa maitsholo le jaaka taolo ya loago mo baneng. 85] Buka eno e gwetlha dilo tse di jaaka tumelo ya gore go bolaya segwagwa se se nnang se lebile go ka baka matsubutsubu a magolo, gore go tsalana le motho yo o nang le boswafi go ka tlisa bomadimabe, kana gore go nwa motlhapo wa poo go ka thusa motho go ithuta go letsa molodi. Gape e na le dipolelo tse di buang ka selalome sa monna se se medisang bana le moruti yo o sotlang basetsana ka tlhakanelodikobo. Ditema tse di mo kanegelong di golaganya Juggling Truths le dibuka tsa ntlha tse pedi tsa ga Dow mme di kaya gore basetsana le basadi ba kgona go tlhabolola nonofo ya bone ka thuto le go akanya ka go ikemela. 85][86] Dow o atamela tshekatsheko ya gagwe ya go raraana ga loago a dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditsereganyo, a lemoga gore ga go na ditharabololo tse di bonolo.[ 87] Juggling Truths e ne e le moanelwa wa Percy FitzPatrick Prize mo setlhopheng sa basha ba ba godileng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro.[ 88] Buka ya Dow ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa ya The Heavens May Fall e bua ka boitshupo jo bo fetogang go tswa mo setšhabeng sa setso go ya mo lefatsheng la segompieno la lefatshe lotlhe. Mo matlhong a ga Dow, setšhaba se fetoga ka metlha; ka ntlha ya seo, ngwao, bong, boitshupo, puo, kago ya loago le ditheo di a fetoga. 89] Kgang e e buang ka botshelo jwa ga Dow, e bua ka phetogo go tswa mo ditseleng tse di se nang ditshipi go ya go diphaepe tsa metsi tsa mo teng ga ntlo le ka moo khumo ya teemane e neng ya dira gore go nne le thuto, tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo le ditirelo.[ Buka e e neetswe bana ba gagwe ba bararo, e boeletsa ka moo dikakanyo ka ga bone di fetogileng ka teng, jaaka e le Maaforika, mme gape ba abelana ka boitshupo jo bo raraaneng ka gonne rraabone e ne e le moagi wa US. Mo nakong e kgang e diragalang ka yone, ba ne ba tla tsewa e le batswakwa. 91] Kgang e e bua ka Naledi, yo o belegweng pele ga go dirwa ga Botswana sešwa mme e diragala ka nako ya fa Dow a ne a gwetlha molao wa bosetšhaba.[ 92] Jaaka mmueledi, Naledi o emela basadi ba ba bokoa le bana ba ba tlhokang katlholo kgotsa thuso ya semolao. O tsaya kgetsi ya lekgarebe lengwe le le neng la betelelwa mme o senola gore tsamaiso ya semolao e e laolwang ke banna e ne e na le seabe, e leng se se dirileng gore kgetsi eno e se ka ya sekwa ka nako ya tsheko. Le fa kgetse e sa rarabololwa, molatofadiwa o ne a laelwa go dira teko ya HIV, ka ntlha ya gore motlhaselwa wa gagwe o ne a kile a tlhakanela dikobo a sa itshireletsa,[93] se se gatelelang diphetogo tsa loago le go fetofetoga ga maemo. Go nna monna ga go ne go naya molatofadiwa tshiamelo kgotsa maatla a go tila teko mo nageng e mo go yona tsamaiso ya molao e nang le tshireletso go akaretsa tshireletso ya basadi,[94] go sa kgathalesege gore tsamaiso ya molao e ne ya palelwa kwa bofelong Naledi.[ 68] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1959]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Baatlhodi ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Molwela-ditshwanelo tsa bomme wa Botswana]] == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Mme Unity Diswai o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1959, kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro, kwa [[Mochudi]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgaolong ya Kgatleng]] mo [[Botswana]] (yo ka nako e o a neng a bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]] ), <ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> ke ngwana wa batsadi ba gagwe e bong rre Phiri le mme Maefshane Diswai (ba gape ba itsegeng ka maina a Moses le Ellen Diswai), bobedi jo bo tsalatswe mo morafeng wa [[Basarwa]] fa godimo ga moo ke maloko a morafe wa BaKgatla.<ref name=":0" /> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> Motse wa selegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sena ditsela tsa sekonotiri, motlakase le fa e le metsi a a elelang. Go ne go sena megala ya letheka mme o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi ka matlho go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, le fa e le setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=48}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref> . Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme a sa kgone go bala le go kwala ka Sekgoa.<ref><ref name=":1" /></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>. Rraagwe yo o neng a berekela mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua ebile a kgona go bala Sekgoa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>E ne ya re fa rraagwe a tsena sekolo, o ne a ikgapela thuso ya madi a go tsena kwa [[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Fort Hare]], mme thuso e o e ne ya fiwa morwa wa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba dumela gore thuto ke selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa ithutelo tiro.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref> Dithuto tsa bone [[:en:Western_culture|tsa kwa Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelesega mo magaeng a Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref> Mme Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana_and_Swaziland|sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland]] . <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref>. Ka go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Boritheini mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona setlankana sa gagwe [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|sa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao]] ka ngwaga wa 1983 kwa sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2012 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|pp=49–50}}</ref></ref>. == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> Go fitlhelela seo, mme Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho [[LEGABIBO|wa LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo tshekong ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya setshaba. Mokgatlho o ne o gannwe go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le ga mmogo le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Merero ya Badiri le tsa Selegae, ka mabaka a gore go ratana ga bong go ne go se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho yo go ne go le kgatlhanong le tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore tsheko e, e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa tlhakanelodikobo, mme e ne e le ka ga gore a maloko a ka kgona go kokoanya le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014a}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotlatshekelokgolo o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha seo le go se letla go kopana go ne go gataka Molaomotheo, karolo ya boraro, ya lesome le bobedi, le ya lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, go kopana le go kopana ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014b}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> Go fitlhelela seo, mme Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho [[LEGABIBO|wa LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo tshekong ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya setshaba. Mokgatlho o ne o gannwe go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le ga mmogo le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Merero ya Badiri le tsa Selegae, ka mabaka a gore go ratana ga bong go ne go se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho yo go ne go le kgatlhanong le tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore tsheko e, e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa tlhakanelodikobo, mme e ne e le ka ga gore a maloko a ka kgona go kokoanya le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014a}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotlatshekelokgolo o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha seo le go se letla go kopana go ne go gataka Molaomotheo, karolo ya boraro, ya lesome le bobedi, le ya lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, go kopana le go kopana ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014b}}</ref></ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_and_Macsuzy_Mondon,_September_2015.jpg|alt=Photograph of two seated women, attended by two witnesses standing beside them, signing documents on a table.|thumb| Ditona mme Dow le mme Macsuzy Mondon (Seychelles) ba baya monwana mo mokwalong wa Kutlwano wa lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> Go fitlhelela seo, mme Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho [[LEGABIBO|wa LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo tshekong ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya setshaba. Mokgatlho o ne o gannwe go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le ga mmogo le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Merero ya Badiri le tsa Selegae, ka mabaka a gore go ratana ga bong go ne go se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho yo go ne go le kgatlhanong le tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore tsheko e, e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa tlhakanelodikobo, mme e ne e le ka ga gore a maloko a ka kgona go kokoanya le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014a}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotlatshekelokgolo o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha seo le go se letla go kopana go ne go gataka Molaomotheo, karolo ya boraro, ya lesome le bobedi, le ya lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, go kopana le go kopana ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014b}}</ref></ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_and_Macsuzy_Mondon,_September_2015.jpg|alt=Photograph of two seated women, attended by two witnesses standing beside them, signing documents on a table.|thumb| Ditona mme Dow le mme Macsuzy Mondon (Seychelles) ba baya monwana mo mokwalong wa Kutlwano wa lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le marataro ka ngwaga wa 2012, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[:en:United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council|Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Ditšhabakopano]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bodulo a Iseraele a West Bank a amang Bapalesetina ka teng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenela lekoko la [[Phathi ya Tomokoraga|Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Sunday Standard|2012a}}</ref></ref> O ne a tsenela [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2014 (Botswana)|ditlhophokakaretso tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a seke a kgone go fenya setilo mo lekgotleng la [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Kokoano ya matona a puso]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Basimanebotlhe|2014}}</ref></ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le tlhophilweng ka tsela e e kgethegileng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Motsamai|2014}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mosikare|2014}}</ref></ref>. Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2015, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Bokgoni ke rre Khama, a tlhatlhama rre [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], yo e neng e le mothusa-tautona wa lefatshe la Botswana ka nako e o.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Piet|2015}}</ref></ref> Ka nako ya fa a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa [[:en:Seychelles|Seychelles]] mo Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bonnelame|2015}}</ref></ref> O ne a direla mo maemong a go fitlhelela ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ngwaga wa 2016, mo tlhakatlhakanong ya kabinete, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mmegi|2016b}}</ref></ref> fp89yw984hobwg8oceh7jhtfypeyjj6 53377 53375 2026-07-27T15:42:54Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Law and activism" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358461802|Unity Dow]]" 53377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Unity Dow|office=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Botswana)|Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]|image=Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6269953840.jpg|alt=Photograph of an African woman in a grey brocaded suit standing in front of a backdrop depicting a group of African women in blue dresses, while giving a speech. She is wearing a geometrically patterned beaded neck collar, has a yellow device in her right hand, and is pointing with her left index finger to the left of the stage.|caption=Dow in 2011|predecessor=[[Vincent T. Seretse]]|president=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|successor=[[Lemogang Kwape]]|term_start=2 November 2019|term_end=26 August 2020|majority2=193 (1.66%)|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Kgatleng West]]|predecessor2=''new constituency''|party=[[Botswana Congress Party]]|birth_name=Unity Diswai|birth_date={{birth date and age|1959|4|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Mochudi]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (now [[Botswana]]|spouse={{Marriage|Peter Nathan Dow|7 March 1984}}<br/> Karl J. Stahl{{sfn|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology|2008}}|children=3|alma_mater=[[University of Botswana and Swaziland]] ([[LLB]])<br>[[University of Edinburgh]]|profession=Lawyer, judge, politician, writer, and human rights activist}} '''Unity Dow''' (née '''Diswai'''; o tshotswe ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro 1959) ke mmueledi wa [[Botswana|Motswana]]<sup>[<nowiki/>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|N]]</sup><sup>[[Batho ba ba tswang kwa Botswana ba bidiwa Motswana (bongwe) kgotsa Batswana (bontsi) .|opolo 1]]]</sup>, mokwadi, [[molweladitshwanelo tsa batho]] le [[Leloko la Palamente]] la [[Kgatleng Bophirima]] e sale ka Ngwanatsele 2024. O kile a nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] le mo phateng a a farologaneng a Botswana. O tsholetswe kwa [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] ke moroki le molemimorui, ba ba neng ba gatelela gore bana ba bone ba bone thuto, Dow o goletse mo motseng wa setso wa legae pele ga ditlhabololo tsa segompieno. O ne a bona thuto ya molao ka 1983 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]], le fa dithuto tsa gagwe di ne tsa wediwa kwa Swaziland le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], kwa Scotland, ka Botswana a ne a sena sekolo sa molao ka nako eo. Fa a sena go aloga, Dow o ne a bula kantoro ya ntlha ya molao e le ya basadi gotlhe mo Botswana mme ka 1997 a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya lefatshe leo. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo tirong ya molao, Dow o ne a amega mo dikgetsing di le tharo tsa ditso mo Botswana. Ka 1992, e ne e le mongongoregi mo kgetsing e e botlhokwa ya semolao, ''[[Unity Dow v Attorney-Genera]]''l, e e neng ya fedisa go tlhaola batho ka bong mo [[melaong ya bosetšhaba]] ya setšhaba e pele e neng e sa letle bana go bona bosetšhaba mo go bommaabone ba ba nyetsweng. Kgetse e ne ya bonela Dow tebelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba mme ya tsosa lekhubu la diphetogo tse di fedisang go sa lekalekane ga bong mo melaong ya bosetšhaba go ralala Aforika. Ka 2006, jaaka moatlhodi yo o okametseng kgetse ya ga ''Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana'', Dow o ne a atlhola kgatlhanong le ditiro tsa puso tsa go thibela [[batho ba tlholego ba Basarwa]] go nna le go tsoma mo [[mafelong a borraabonemogologolwane]], mme seo sa ba pateletsa go nna gape kwa ntle ga [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]]. O ne a atlhola gore puso e tshwanetse go busetsa ditirelo tsa motheo, e letle Basarwa go boela mo lefatsheng le go bona ditetla tsa go tsoma, le go duela ditshenyegelo mo go ba ba fudusitsweng ka dikgoka fa ba ka tlhopha go se boele. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi wa semolao wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetseng ya bone ya go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa Lephateng la Kwadiso ya Matsalo mme ba atlega go amogela katlholo ya gore puso e letle mokgatlho o kwadisiwe. Dow o ne a tlhophiwa la ntlha go tsena mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 2014, fa a ne a tlhophiwa ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] jaaka mopalamente yo o itlhophetsweng. O ne a tlhomiwa la ntlha go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mme ka 2015 a nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso. Morago ga moo o ne a dira jaaka Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo, Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo, le Tona ya Merero ya mafatshe a sele, pele ga a nna moeteledipele wa [[lemorago]] ka 2020. O dirile mo dikhuduthamageng le dikomiting di le mmalwa tsa boditšhabatšhaba, a sekaseka tiriso ya melao e e amang ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa [[Kenya]], [[Palastina]], [[Rwanda]] le [[Sierra Leone]]. Ka 2000, Dow o ne a simolola go gatisa dipadi, ka tlwaelo o ne a lebile dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le ditlamorago tsa tsone mo dipopegong tsa bong le tsa maatla. Dibuka tse di sekaseka mekgwa ya loago le go dirisa batho botlhaswa ka go ba sotlaka, go dirisa dikgoka le go gatelela ditshwanelo tsa batho. O amogetse dikakgolo le ditlotla di le dintsi ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go thusa batho, go akaretsa le [[Legion of Honor]] ka 2010. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Unity Dow o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1959 mo motseng wa [[Mochudi]], mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|kgaolong ya Kgatleng]], mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]] le ka nako eo e neng ele [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]]<ref name=":0">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi 2012]], p. 248.</ref><ref name=":15">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p. 34.</ref> mo batsading ba gagwe Phiri le Maefshane Diswai (ba ba itsegeng gape ka leina la Moses le Ellen Diswai), ditlogolwana tsa merafe ya tlholego ya [[Basarwa]] le maloko a merafe ya Bakgatla. Motseselegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sa tshelwa ditsela, motlakase le metsi a a elang. Go ne go sena mesokelatsebeng e bile o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bonana, le fa e le thelebishene go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 48.</ref><ref name=":1">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFEllis2012|Ellis 2012.]]</ref> Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme e seng Seesemane.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2007|''Sunday Standard'' 2007.]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], p. 49.</ref> Rraagwe, yo o neng a bereka mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua le go bala Seesemane.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNarloch2012|Narloch 2012]], p. 3.</ref> Fa rraagwe a ne a le kwa sekolong, o ne a gapa thuso ya madi a go tsena [[Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare]], mme thuso eo e ne ya newa morwa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Mo batsading ba gagwe ka bobedi, thuto e ne ya nna selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa yunibesithi.<ref name=":3" /> Dithuto tsa bone tsa [[Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelega mo metseselegaeng ya Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":2" /> Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ka gonne go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Borithane o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona digerata ya gagwe ya [[Bachelor of Laws]] ka 1983 kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana le Swaziland.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_Edinburgh2010|University of Edinburgh 2010.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDaymondLenta2004|Daymond & Lenta 2004]], pp. 49–50.</ref> == Molao le bolweladitshwanelo == === Tiro ya gagwe ya pele (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA - 6266756376.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Unity Dow]] Diswai o ne a bona dithutego tsa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go bereka kwa dikantorong tsa [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana]] e le mosekisi wa melato ya borukutlhi kwa [[Gaborone]]. O nyalane le moagi wa Amerika, Peter Nathan Dow, ka Mopitlo a supa 1984. Banyalani ba ba ne ba nna kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1986, Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong e e ikemetseng ka nosi e e neng e dira tiro ya molao wa bosenyi, mme a bula feme ya Dow Malakaila, e leng feme ya ntlha ya molao ya basadi-botlhe mo lefatsheng leo. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa bomme mo Botswana sa [[Emang Basadi]] (Emela Basadi ka dinao). Ka 1988, leina la feme le ne la fetolwa moragonyana go nna Dow Lesetedi and Company.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSegwai2008|Segwai 2008.]]</ref><ref name=":4" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a simolola mmogo mokgatlho wa Basadi le Molao mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WLSA) go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dikgetsi.<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka 1988 go fitlha ka 1991, Dow o ne a direla WLSA dipatlisiso, a thusa go wetsa thutopatlisiso ya kgaolo ka ga ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi mo mafatsheng a le marataro tse di mabapi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> Ka 1990, o thusitse go tlhoma Lefelo la Tshedimosetso la Basadi la Metlhaetsile go rotloetsa thuto ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1990, Dow o ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolong ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagi wa 1984, ke fela [[bana ba ba seng ka fa molaong]] ba ba neng ba ka bona bosetšhaba ka mmaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1992|Quansah 1992]], p. 196.</ref> Ka bana ba gagwe ba le babedi mo go ba le bararo le Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa tsewe e le Batswana.<ref name=":6">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 294.</ref> Ka go boifa gore go ka nna le kgonagalo ya gore fa tetla ya ga Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng e felelwa ke nako ka 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ka nna la patelesega go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola kgetsi ya [[Unity Dow v Attorney-General]] a latofatsa gore Molao wa Boagi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefadiwa le go sotlakakwa mo go seng mo sethong. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela e ema Dow nokeng e dumalana gore molao o ama tlhopho ya gagwe e e gololesegileng ya gore o tla nyala mang, o ka mo pateletsa go kgaogana le lelwapa la gagwe fa ditetlelelo tsa bonno tsa monna wa gagwe le bana ba gagwe di sa ntšhwafadiwe, mme o ne o tlhaola.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColdham1992|Coldham 1992]], pp. 91–92.</ref> === Tiro ya magareng (1991–2009) === Dow o ne a tsere sebaka sa dingwaga di le pedi a beetse tiro ya gagwe ya molao kwa tlhoko ka 1991 ka ntlha ya kgetse e mme ka nako eo, o ne a simolola mmogo Sekolo se se botlana sa Baobob kwa Gaborone le AIDS Action Trust.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFColumbia_Law_School2009|Columbia Law School 2009.]]</ref> O ne a dira jaaka mogokaganyi wa WLSA go tloga ka 1992 go fitlha ka 1994,<ref name=":5" /> fa boikuelo jwa kgetse ya gagwe bo santse bo letilwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo, ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya nganga gore go tlhaola basadi go sireleditswe ke dipeelo tsa molaomotheo go somarela dingwao tsa setso tsa Botswana, e e neng e le setšhaba sa [[losika lwa borre]].<ref name=":6" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 190–191.</ref> Mmueledi Mogolo le ene o ne a ganela gore Dow o ne a na le maitsetsepelo, a bolela gore ene ka boene ga a a utlwisiwa botlhoko ke sepe.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 190.</ref> [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Tautona ya Baatlhodi [[Austin Amissah]], e ne ya swetsa ka gore kgethololo ya bong e thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ka se fete dipeelo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse Botswana e neng e na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le modumedi wa tsone.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBeyani1994|Beyani 1994]], p. 295.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 196.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya maitsetsepelo, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go na le kgonagalo ya gore a ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne a gobaditswe, mme go kgaogana le ba lelwapa la gagwe go tla bo go nyenyefatsa le go tlhoka setho.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], pp. 200–201.</ref> Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa katlholo ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditseko ka diphetogo tse dinnye, ya bolela gore Dikarolo tsa bone le botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagi ga di dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFQuansah1993|Quansah 1993]], p. 189.</ref> Ka ntlha ya katlholo e e botlhokwa e, ka 1995 Molao wa Boagi o ne wa baakanngwa go tlosa go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go boneng bosetšhaba mo Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 50.</ref> Katlholo e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go ralala Aforika go gatelela phetogo mo melaong ya bone ya bosetšhaba le go fedisa go sa lekalekane ga bong, mme seno sa felela ka gore mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa mafatshe a Aforika a baakanye melao ya bosetšhaba ka 2010.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPailey2020|Pailey 2020]], p. 1839.</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFManby2010|Manby 2010]], p. 48.</ref> Go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 1998, Dow o ne a dira jaaka mokaedi wa Setheo sa Tshedimosetso sa Basadi sa Metlhaetsile mme ka nako eo o ne a gatisa ''The Citizenship Case'' ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa kgetse ya gagwe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Ka 1996, o ne a dira mo kgetsing e e neng e amana le [[go tlhokomela bana]] e e neng ya felela ka gore go dirwe phetolo ya melao ya tshegetso, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa o ne a tlhagisa kgetse ka ga [[bolwetse jwa basadi ba ba itewang]], a tsaya gore tseno ke dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo basading.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDavis2014|Davis 2014]], p. 227.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi kwa [[Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kwa kgotlatshekelong ka Firikgong 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetlho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go dira jaaka moatlhodi kwa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko.<ref name=":16">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLedererMacharia-Mokobi2012|Lederer & Macharia-Mokobi]] 2012, p. 249.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , Dow o ne a dira jaaka karolo ya thomo ya [[Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le [[Charlotte Abaka]] wa Mo-Ghana, yo e kileng ya bo e le modulasetilo wa [[Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref name=":7">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFDivision_for_the_Advancement_of_Women2004|Division for the Advancement of Women 2004]], p. 8.</ref> [[Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya Middle East Technical University ya Bong le Basadi; kwa [[Ankara]], kwa Turkey;<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBianet2019|Bianet 2019.]]</ref> [[Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre kwa [[Accra]];<ref name=":7" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBowman2019|Bowman 2019]], p. 4.</ref> le Moaforika Borwa, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]], moporofesara wa molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|Yunibesithing ya Pennsylvania]] [[Yunibesithing ya Puso ya Pennsylvania|State]].<ref name=":7" /> Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna molaodi wa [[Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong ao ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref name=":12">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLazaroff2012|Lazaroff 2012]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro , o ne a tlhophiwa go direla mo komiting e kgolo ya Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi le balaodi ba le barataro ba ba boelelang le maloko a mararo a masha, go akaretsa le ene, [[Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa [[Serbia]] le [[Raji Sourani]] wa [[Palastina]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPalestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights2006|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights 2006]].</ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo kgetsing ya ''[[Roy Sesana and Others v. the Government of Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa kwa Kgotleng Kgolo ya Ditsheko ka 2002 ke batho ba Basarwa<ref name=":10">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 103–104, 107.</ref> (ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwang batho ba naga ya Kalahari)<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa kgetsi mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le 241 ba ba neng ba tsena mo kgetsing fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e fedisa metsi mo lefelong leno la polokelo, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisa go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, le go leka go tlosa Basarwa ka dikgoka kwa ba nnang teng. Ba ne ba baakanya kgetse ya bone go akaretsa go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa naga go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong la tshireletso kwantle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya diteseletso tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref name=":10" /> Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka 2006, Dow o ne ya swetsa ka gore go fedisiwa ga ditirelo le go patelediwa go fudusiwa ga Basarwa go ne go emela tlolomolao ya tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaomotheo.<ref name=":5" /><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 108–109.</ref> O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ditshenyegelo di duelwe ba ba neng ba fudusitswe mme ba se na keletso ya go boa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 109.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro ba ne ba dumalana gore di ne di thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, ka le fa Lephata la Diphologolo le makgabisa Naga le ne le sa patelesege go ntsha diteseletso, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela ka nako e gape ba neng ba emisa mophako, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa batho ba Basarwa jwa go itshedisa.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], pp. 115–117.</ref> Mo kgannyeng ya diteseletso tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go dirisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 120.</ref> Kgetse e, go ya ka moporofesa wa molao Clement Ng'ong'ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana go amogela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba tlholego mo mafatsheng a borraabonemogologolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNg'ong'ola2007|Ng'ong'ola 2007]], p. 121.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, Dow o ne a dira jaaka leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya Rwanda le go sekaseka gore lefatshe le ka tswa jang mo [[dikgotlhang]] tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya yone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo dikgetseng tsa [[polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba bo tshekiso e e sa tseeng letlhakore.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREF%C3%85hlund2007|Åhlund 2007]], p. 5.</ref><ref name=":11">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFUniversity_of_South_Australia2009|University of South Australia 2009]].</ref> Nngwe ya dikgetsi tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le malebang le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la dino tse di tagang. Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome mararo mme kgetse e ne ya feleletsa e tholotswe.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a rola tiro mo setilong ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Yunibesithi ya Washington le Lee]] kwa [[Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a dira jaaka moporofesa yo o etileng kwa [[Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" /> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010–gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , Dow o ne a tlhoma feme ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi eo o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[Tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong ya Nakwana e e Ikemetseng ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go diragatsa [[Molaomotheo]] o mosha wa Kenya.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNSW_Bar_Association2011|NSW Bar Association 2011]].</ref><ref name=":9" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe , o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetulo wa Komiti e kgolo ya Molaodi wa Khuduthamaga ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCrowe2011|Crowe 2011]].</ref> Mo ngwageng oo Dow o ne a simolola go dira le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo tse dingwe tsa [[batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa Omang tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 247–248.</ref> Ka nako eo kwa Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba baakanye ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dikwalong tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba ya kwa ofising ya Omang le kwadiso matsalo go fetola dikwalo tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go tla ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], pp. 244, 248.</ref> Ba ne ba kopa Dow go ba thusa, mme ene o ne a ikgolaganya le [[Setheo sa Ditsheko sa Aforika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le tshegetso ya madi.<ref name=":13">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFCamminga2020|Camminga 2020]], p. 248.</ref> Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla newa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke kgetse, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo kgetsing e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa dikgetse tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref name=":13" /><sup>[Nopolo ya boraro]</sup> Go fitlhelela seo, Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho wa [[LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo kgetsing ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya matsalo. Mokgatlho o ne o ganetswe ka go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Badiri le Merero ya Selegae, ka mabaka a gore ditiro tsa thatano ya bong di ne di se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng leo. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho go tlola tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore kgetse e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa thobalano, mme e le gore a maloko a ka kokoana le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014a|Mokwape 2014a]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha le go se letla go kopana go ne go tlola Molaomotheo, Dikarolo ya boraro, lesome le bobedi, le lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, kgololesego ya go kopana, le kgololesego ya go kokoana ka go latelana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMokwape2014b|Mokwape 2014b]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity Dow and Macsuzy Mondon, September 2015.jpg|thumb|200x200px|BoTona Dow le [[Macsuzy Mondon]] (Seychelles) ba saena Memo ya Kutlwano ya lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le malatsi marataro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile lesome le bobedi , Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla la Ditshaba]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bonno a Iseraele a kwa West Bank a amang Bapalestina ka teng.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a swetsa go tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenelela lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFSunday_Standard2012a|''Sunday Standard'' 2012a]].</ref> O ne a emela [[ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a latlhegelwa ke go bata setilo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFBasimanebotlhe2014|Basimanebotlhe 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le itlhophetsweng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo Pusong eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotsamai2014|Motsamai 2014]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMosikare2014|Mosikare 2014]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Dikitso ke Khama, a tlhatlhama [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Mothusatautona wa Botswana yo wa nako eo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPiet2015|Piet 2015]].</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa Seychelles kwa Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana kwa ntle go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFPhiloBonnelame2015|Philo & Bonnelame 2015]].</ref> O ne a direla mo maemong ao go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, fa mo kabakanngwa cabinet, a ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto ya Motheo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2016b|''Mmegi'' 2016b]].</ref> Morago ga gore Khama a tloge mo maemong a botautona ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , Dow o ne a sutisiwa ke Tautona yo o tsenang Masisi go tswa mo Thutong go ya kwa maemong a Tona ya Mafaratlhatlha le Tlhabololo ya Matlo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMwakideu2018|Mwakideu 2018]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2018|Gabathuse 2018]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi 2018, mo phetogong ya cabinet, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele, a ananya setilo sa gagwe mo Mafaratlhatlheng le Matlo le Vincent Tina Seretse, yo o neng a tshwere Merero ya Mafatshe a sele mo nakong e e fetileng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMorupisi2018|Morupisi 2018]].</ref> Masisi o ne a fenya botautona mo [[ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa 2019]] mme a tlhomamisa gape Dow jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele ya palamente ya bo lesome le bobedi ya Botswana.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMmegi2019|''Mmegi'' 2019]].</ref> Dow mmogo le barwadie Cheshe le Natasha, o ne a bula Dow Academy kwa Mochudi, [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng]] ka Firikgong 2020. Sekolo seno se se ikemetseng se ruta thuto e potlana le e kgolwane.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLuebering2020|Luebering 2020]].</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Dow o ne a tlogela bodiredi jwa gagwe mme a emisediwa ka Lemogang Kwape mo phetogong ya cabinet.<ref name=":14">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFMotlhoka2020|Motlhoka 2020]].</ref><ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGabathuse2020|Gabathuse 2020]].</ref> Dow o buile ka kgato e, "Jaaka tona o bua thata ka portfolio ya gago. Mme [[banka e e kwa morago]] e go naya kgololesego ya go botsolotsa dikgang tse di farologaneng tse di amang bosetšhaba. Tekanyetso e le nosi ke boemo jwa lekoko la me mo kgannyeng e e rileng".<ref name=":14" /> == Go kwala == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi , fa Dow a ne a simolola go gatisa dibuka tsa dinaane, ke bakwadi ba le mmalwa fela ba Batswana ba ba neng ba dirile dibuka tse di neng tsa fitlhelela babadi kwa ntle ga Botswana. <ref name=":15" /> Lengwe la mabaka a seno e ne e le kganetso e e tiileng ya boeteledipele jwa Batswana gore MaBorithane ba kopanye kgaolo ya bona le ya Aforika Borwa, e e neng ya isa kwa go itshireletseng kgatlhanong le Pan-Africanism le go tlhoka dipeeletso mo mafaratlhatlheng a setšhaba le tlhabololo ya thuto. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;34, 36.</ref> Bobedi dibuka tsa gagwe tsa non-fiction le tsa fiction di kopanya dikgang tsa loago le tsa semolao le seabe sa tsona mo bong le mo kagong ya maatla. <ref name=":9" /> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;35.</ref>Mosebetsi o mong le o mong wa Dow o hlahloba ditlwaelo tsa setjhaba tse lebisang ho se leka-lekane ha dikamano tsa matla le ho susumetsa pefo kgahlanong le basadi, tlhekefetso ya thobalano ya bana, bothata ba AIDS, le ho se lekane ha bong. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012,]] p.&#x20;151.</ref> Batho ba ba mo bukeng ya gagwe ba dirisa tlhaloganyo go ganana le ngwao e e sa utlwaleng mme ba gakolola mmadi ka botlhokwa jwa setso sa setso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFJenkins2012|Jenkins 2012]], p.&#x20;153.</ref> Ka padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, Far and Beyon' (2000), Dow o ne a bua thata ka ga leroborobo la AIDS le ditlamorago tsa tirisodikgoka mo malapeng, segolo jang ka fa basadi ba ba tshelang mo setšhabeng sa borra-bana ba lebanang le malapa a a senang borre ka ntlha ya tshenyo e e tlisitseng kwa Botswana ya kwa magaeng. <ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;40.</ref>E sekaseka dithibelo tsa ditlwaelo tsa setso, meetlo, le ditheo tse di beilweng mo basading le mo basading ka go dirisa dikago tse di ikaegileng ka banna.<ref name=":17" /> Mo kanegelong eno, Mara, mmè yo o sa itseng go bala le go kwala yo o nang le bokgoni jo bo lekanyeditsweng jwa go itlamela, o setse a na le monna a le mongwe le barwa ba le babedi ba ba bolawang ke AIDS, monna yo mongwe a mo latlha, mme molekane wa gagwe wa boraro o mo sotla.<ref name=":18">[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004]], p.&#x20;38</ref> <ref name=":17" />Mara o bolela gore loso lwa barwa ba gagwe lo bakilwe ke mmaba yo o fitlhegileng mme o batla dikarabo mo go yo o bolelelang pele isagwe. Le fa morwadie, Mosadi (e e rayang mosadi), yo o itsegeng jaaka Mosa, le morwawe yo o setseng, Stan, ba sa dumele gore meetlo ya mmoki e tla tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang fa bomorwarraabone ba sule, ba tsamaya mmogo le meletlo e e laetsweng. <ref name=":18" /> Fa Mosa a lemoga gore o imile mme o latlhetswe ke rraagwe ngwana, o swetsa go senya mpa ka sephiri, go na le go imetsa mmaagwe go feta.<ref name=":18" /> Mo maitekong a go fodisa lelapa la gagwe, Mosa o sekaseka ditlwaelo tsa loago tse di kgaoganyang banna le basadi le go godisa ditiro tsa banna, a ruta basadi go itlhokomolosa diphoso tsa bone. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;41.</ref>A nna a ikanyega mo lelapeng la gagwe le mo setsong sa gagwe, o ithuta go gana go amogela maitsholo a a sa siamang mo setšhabeng sa gaabo.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFGagiano2004|Gagiano 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Ka tsela e, Dow o tlhatlhoba gore go ineela ga setšhaba le go didimala ka diphoso mo setšhabeng go isa jang kwa tlhakatlhakanong ya mogopolo le go dirisa ba ba senang maatla ka tsela e e sa siamang ke ba ba nang le maatla go feta. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;38–40.</ref> Dipolelo tse di tshwanang di ne tsa tsenngwa mo bukeng ya bobedi ya ga Dow, The Screaming of the Innocent (2001), e e sekasekang gape maatlafatso ya basadi mo nageng e e tletseng ka bonweenwee jwa sepodisi, polao ya ngwao, sephiri sa setheo, le tidimalo ya setšhaba. <ref name=":15" /> Go batlisisa tlwaelo ya setso ya dipheko, go bolaya mongwe go kotula dirwe tsa gagwe tsa mmele ka ntlha ya dinonofo tsa bone tsa boselamose tsa lesego le katlego, Dow o bontsha ka moo bahumi le ba ba maatla ba tsomang ka teng batho ba ba sa itseng go bala le go kwala ba kwa magaeng le go reka tidimalo ya babusi. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;40–41.</ref>Mo bukeng, mosetsanyana o bolailwe mo sekgweng gaufi le motse wa gaabo mme tshedimosetso ka ga kgetsi e ne ya thibelwa ke sepodisi le banna ba ba maatla ba lefelo la gaabo. Go kgaolwa ga mmele wa gagwe go fitlhilwe mo bukeng e le letshwao le le supang gore batho ga ba amogele mekgwa e e ntseng jalo mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;42.</ref>Protagonist, Amantle Bokaa, yo o fetsang tirelo ya gagwe ya bosetšhaba (e e itsegeng kwa Botswana jaaka Tirelo Sechaba), o fitlhela diaparo tse di nang le madi mo kamoreng ya tleliniki e a e abetsweng.<ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] pp.&#x20;42–43.</ref> Diaparo tseno ke tsa motho mongwe yo o neng a bolailwe pele ga moo, mme fa di neelwa baagi ba motse ba lemoga gore ba ne ba sa di itse. Bokaa, ka gore baagi ba motse ba dumela gore ga a kitla a bonwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke balaodi, o tlhophiwa go bua le mapodisi mo boemong jwa baagi ba motse.[ 78] Ka gore ke mosadi le ngwana, o lebega a sena maatla, mme thuto ya gagwe, e e mo rutileng bokgoni jwa go dirisana le kganetso le go belaela ditumelo, e mo naya maatla le boitshepo go gwetlha molao wa tidimalo le dikgoreletsi tsa loago mo tseleng ya gagwe. <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFLenta2004|Lenta 2004,]] p.&#x20;43.</ref> <ref>[[:en:Unity_Dow#CITEREFNgom2018|Ngom 2018,]] p.&#x20;23.</ref>Tiro ya ga Dow ga e bue fela ka dikamano tsa maatla, mme gape e bua ka dilo tse di tshosang tsa polao ya ngwao le polao ya basadi.[ 80] O tlhalosa ka tlhamalalo tumelo ya gagwe ya gore basadi e tla nna bone ba ba tla fetolang dipholisi go fedisa mekgwa e e ntseng jalo.[ 81] Far and Beyon′ e ne ya gololwa la ntlha kwa Botswana mme morago ya gatisiwa kwa Australia. The Screaming of the Innocent e ne ya gatisiwa la ntlha kwa Australia mme ya gatisiwa gape kwa Afrika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro. Buka ya gagwe ya boraro, Juggling Truths, e ne ya phasaladiwa ngwaga oo kwa Australia mme ya gololwa ngwaga o o latelang kwa Afrika Borwa. 82] Dow gape o ne a tlhatlhoba ditlwaelo tsa setso tse di sa siamang le ditlwaelo tsa loago ka maano a go di lwantsha.[ 83] Le fa a ne a kile a batlisisa ka ga setšhaba sa Aforika le mathata a a bakilweng ke go ganana le segompieno sa Bophirima le setso sa selegae, tiro e e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo tiragalong ya go lekalekanya go dumalana le ditlwaelo tse di siameng le tse di sa siamang mo setsong sa selegae. [ Ka go dirisa setshwano sa Monei, mosetsana yo monnye yo o nnang mo motseng wa magae, Dow o tlhatlhoba dingwao tsa molomo le tiriso ya ditlhamane le ditlhamane jaaka tsela ya go tsenya dikaelo tsa maitsholo le jaaka taolo ya loago mo baneng. 85] Buka eno e gwetlha dilo tse di jaaka tumelo ya gore go bolaya segwagwa se se nnang se lebile go ka baka matsubutsubu a magolo, gore go tsalana le motho yo o nang le boswafi go ka tlisa bomadimabe, kana gore go nwa motlhapo wa poo go ka thusa motho go ithuta go letsa molodi. Gape e na le dipolelo tse di buang ka selalome sa monna se se medisang bana le moruti yo o sotlang basetsana ka tlhakanelodikobo. Ditema tse di mo kanegelong di golaganya Juggling Truths le dibuka tsa ntlha tse pedi tsa ga Dow mme di kaya gore basetsana le basadi ba kgona go tlhabolola nonofo ya bone ka thuto le go akanya ka go ikemela. 85][86] Dow o atamela tshekatsheko ya gagwe ya go raraana ga loago a dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditsereganyo, a lemoga gore ga go na ditharabololo tse di bonolo.[ 87] Juggling Truths e ne e le moanelwa wa Percy FitzPatrick Prize mo setlhopheng sa basha ba ba godileng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro.[ 88] Buka ya Dow ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa ya The Heavens May Fall e bua ka boitshupo jo bo fetogang go tswa mo setšhabeng sa setso go ya mo lefatsheng la segompieno la lefatshe lotlhe. Mo matlhong a ga Dow, setšhaba se fetoga ka metlha; ka ntlha ya seo, ngwao, bong, boitshupo, puo, kago ya loago le ditheo di a fetoga. 89] Kgang e e buang ka botshelo jwa ga Dow, e bua ka phetogo go tswa mo ditseleng tse di se nang ditshipi go ya go diphaepe tsa metsi tsa mo teng ga ntlo le ka moo khumo ya teemane e neng ya dira gore go nne le thuto, tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo le ditirelo.[ Buka e e neetswe bana ba gagwe ba bararo, e boeletsa ka moo dikakanyo ka ga bone di fetogileng ka teng, jaaka e le Maaforika, mme gape ba abelana ka boitshupo jo bo raraaneng ka gonne rraabone e ne e le moagi wa US. Mo nakong e kgang e diragalang ka yone, ba ne ba tla tsewa e le batswakwa. 91] Kgang e e bua ka Naledi, yo o belegweng pele ga go dirwa ga Botswana sešwa mme e diragala ka nako ya fa Dow a ne a gwetlha molao wa bosetšhaba.[ 92] Jaaka mmueledi, Naledi o emela basadi ba ba bokoa le bana ba ba tlhokang katlholo kgotsa thuso ya semolao. O tsaya kgetsi ya lekgarebe lengwe le le neng la betelelwa mme o senola gore tsamaiso ya semolao e e laolwang ke banna e ne e na le seabe, e leng se se dirileng gore kgetsi eno e se ka ya sekwa ka nako ya tsheko. Le fa kgetse e sa rarabololwa, molatofadiwa o ne a laelwa go dira teko ya HIV, ka ntlha ya gore motlhaselwa wa gagwe o ne a kile a tlhakanela dikobo a sa itshireletsa,[93] se se gatelelang diphetogo tsa loago le go fetofetoga ga maemo. Go nna monna ga go ne go naya molatofadiwa tshiamelo kgotsa maatla a go tila teko mo nageng e mo go yona tsamaiso ya molao e nang le tshireletso go akaretsa tshireletso ya basadi,[94] go sa kgathalesege gore tsamaiso ya molao e ne ya palelwa kwa bofelong Naledi.[ 68] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1959]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Baatlhodi ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Molwela-ditshwanelo tsa bomme wa Botswana]] == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Mme Unity Diswai o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1959, kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro, kwa [[Mochudi]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgaolong ya Kgatleng]] mo [[Botswana]] (yo ka nako e o a neng a bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]] ), <ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> ke ngwana wa batsadi ba gagwe e bong rre Phiri le mme Maefshane Diswai (ba gape ba itsegeng ka maina a Moses le Ellen Diswai), bobedi jo bo tsalatswe mo morafeng wa [[Basarwa]] fa godimo ga moo ke maloko a morafe wa BaKgatla.<ref name=":0" /> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=34}}</ref></ref> Motse wa selegae o a goletseng mo go one o ne o sena ditsela tsa sekonotiri, motlakase le fa e le metsi a a elelang. Go ne go sena megala ya letheka mme o ne a ise a bone setsidifatsi ka matlho go fitlha a nna mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, le fa e le setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a mabedi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=48}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref> . Mmaagwe e ne e le moroki, yo o neng a kgona go bala le go kwala ka [[Setswana]], mme a sa kgone go bala le go kwala ka Sekgoa.<ref><ref name=":1" /></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>. Rraagwe yo o neng a berekela mo polasing e nnye, o ne a bua ebile a kgona go bala Sekgoa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref>E ne ya re fa rraagwe a tsena sekolo, o ne a ikgapela thuso ya madi a go tsena kwa [[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Fort Hare]], mme thuso e o e ne ya fiwa morwa wa kgosi boemong jwa gagwe. Batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba dumela gore thuto ke selo sa botlhokwa mme bana ba bone ba le barataro mo go ba le supa ba ne ba wetsa dithuto tsa bone tsa ithutelo tiro.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|p=49}}</ref></ref> Dithuto tsa bone [[:en:Western_culture|tsa kwa Bophirima]] di ne di sa tlwaelesega mo magaeng a Botswana ka nako eo.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref> Mme Diswai o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana le tse dikgolwane kwa Mochudi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a ithutela molao kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana_and_Swaziland|sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland]] . <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|2012}}</ref></ref>. Ka go ne go sena sekolo sa molao mo Botswana ka nako eo, o ne a tsena yunibesithi kwa [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya thuso ya Boritheini mme a wetsa dingwaga di le pedi tsa dithuto kwa Scotland, kwa [[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Edinburgh]], pele ga a bona setlankana sa gagwe [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|sa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao]] ka ngwaga wa 1983 kwa sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Botswana le Swaziland.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2012 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref> <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lenta|2004|pp=49–50}}</ref></ref>. == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> Go fitlhelela seo, mme Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho [[LEGABIBO|wa LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo tshekong ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya setshaba. Mokgatlho o ne o gannwe go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le ga mmogo le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Merero ya Badiri le tsa Selegae, ka mabaka a gore go ratana ga bong go ne go se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho yo go ne go le kgatlhanong le tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore tsheko e, e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa tlhakanelodikobo, mme e ne e le ka ga gore a maloko a ka kgona go kokoanya le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014a}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotlatshekelokgolo o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha seo le go se letla go kopana go ne go gataka Molaomotheo, karolo ya boraro, ya lesome le bobedi, le ya lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, go kopana le go kopana ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014b}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> Go fitlhelela seo, mme Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho [[LEGABIBO|wa LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo tshekong ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya setshaba. Mokgatlho o ne o gannwe go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le ga mmogo le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Merero ya Badiri le tsa Selegae, ka mabaka a gore go ratana ga bong go ne go se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho yo go ne go le kgatlhanong le tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore tsheko e, e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa tlhakanelodikobo, mme e ne e le ka ga gore a maloko a ka kgona go kokoanya le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014a}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotlatshekelokgolo o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha seo le go se letla go kopana go ne go gataka Molaomotheo, karolo ya boraro, ya lesome le bobedi, le ya lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, go kopana le go kopana ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014b}}</ref></ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_and_Macsuzy_Mondon,_September_2015.jpg|alt=Photograph of two seated women, attended by two witnesses standing beside them, signing documents on a table.|thumb| Ditona mme Dow le mme Macsuzy Mondon (Seychelles) ba baya monwana mo mokwalong wa Kutlwano wa lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> Go fitlhelela seo, mme Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho [[LEGABIBO|wa LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo tshekong ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya setshaba. Mokgatlho o ne o gannwe go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le ga mmogo le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Merero ya Badiri le tsa Selegae, ka mabaka a gore go ratana ga bong go ne go se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho yo go ne go le kgatlhanong le tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore tsheko e, e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa tlhakanelodikobo, mme e ne e le ka ga gore a maloko a ka kgona go kokoanya le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014a}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotlatshekelokgolo o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha seo le go se letla go kopana go ne go gataka Molaomotheo, karolo ya boraro, ya lesome le bobedi, le ya lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, go kopana le go kopana ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014b}}</ref></ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_and_Macsuzy_Mondon,_September_2015.jpg|alt=Photograph of two seated women, attended by two witnesses standing beside them, signing documents on a table.|thumb| Ditona mme Dow le mme Macsuzy Mondon (Seychelles) ba baya monwana mo mokwalong wa Kutlwano wa lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le marataro ka ngwaga wa 2012, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[:en:United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council|Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Ditšhabakopano]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bodulo a Iseraele a West Bank a amang Bapalesetina ka teng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenela lekoko la [[Phathi ya Tomokoraga|Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Sunday Standard|2012a}}</ref></ref> O ne a tsenela [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2014 (Botswana)|ditlhophokakaretso tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a seke a kgone go fenya setilo mo lekgotleng la [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Kokoano ya matona a puso]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Basimanebotlhe|2014}}</ref></ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le tlhophilweng ka tsela e e kgethegileng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Motsamai|2014}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mosikare|2014}}</ref></ref>. Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2015, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Bokgoni ke rre Khama, a tlhatlhama rre [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], yo e neng e le mothusa-tautona wa lefatshe la Botswana ka nako e o.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Piet|2015}}</ref></ref> Ka nako ya fa a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa [[:en:Seychelles|Seychelles]] mo Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bonnelame|2015}}</ref></ref> O ne a direla mo maemong a go fitlhelela ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ngwaga wa 2016, mo tlhakatlhakanong ya kabinete, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mmegi|2016b}}</ref></ref> == Molao le go lwela kgololesego == === Tshimologo ya tiro (1983–1991) === [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_-_PopTech_2011_-_Camden_Maine_USA_-_6266756376.jpg|thumb|Unity Dow]] Mme Diswai o ne a nna le bokgoni jo bo rurifaditsweng jwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1983 mme a simolola go berekelwa kwa ofising ya Mmueledi-mogolo ya Botswana ele mosekisi wa borukutlhi kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. O ne a nyalwa ke moagedi wa lefatshe la United States, rre Peter Nathan Dow, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le supa ka ngwaga wa 1984. Banyalani ba, ba ne ba aga ntlo ya bone kwa Mochudi, le bana ba bone ba bararo.<ref name=":0"><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> E ne yare ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme Dow o ne a tsena mo tirong ya gagwe ya molao yo o itebagantseng le tsa borukutlhi, a bula kgwebo ya gagwe ya tsa molao e e bidiwang 'Dow Malakaila', e ne e le kgwebo ya ntlha ya molao e e thapileng basadi fela mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng setlhopha sa ntlha sa basadi mo Botswana, se se itsegeng ka leina la [[Emang Basadi]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1988, leina la kgwebo e, le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa 'Dow Lesetedi and Company'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga mokgatlho wa 'Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA)' go buelela ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ka dipuisano tsa semolao.<ref name=":0" />[Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go ya kwa go wa 1991, Dow o ne a dira dipatlisiso tsa mokgatlho wa WLSA, mme o ne a thusa go wetsa patlisiso ya kgaolo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba bomme mo mafatsheng a marataro a mabapi.<ref name=":1" /><ref><ref>{{cite news|title=|work=Sunday Standard|date=2007|url=|access-date=}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' go rotloetsa thuto mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, mme Dow o ne a tsenya ngongora kwa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]] go gwetlha [[Molao wa setshaba wa Batswana|Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Botswana]].<ref name=":0" />Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Boagedi wa ngwaga wa 1984, ke bana fela ba ba neng ba tsetswe kwa ntle ga lenyalo la semmuso ba ba neng ba ka bona boagedi jwa go nna 'Batswana' ka mme wa bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1992|p=196}}</ref></ref>E re ka bana ba babedi mo go ba bararo ba a neng a na le bone le rre Peter ba ne ba tsholwa morago ga lenyalo la bone, ba ne ba sa lemogiwe jaaka Batswana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref> E re ka a ne a tshaba gore go ne go ka direga gore fa tetla ya ga rre Peter ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne e fela ka ngwaga wa 1992, lelwapa la gagwe le ne le ka nna la pateletswa go fuduga kgotsa go kgaogana, Dow o ne a simolola ngongora ya [[Mmueledi Mogolo wa Botswana kgatlhanong le Unity Dow|Unity Dow v Attorney-General]], a supa gore Molao wa Boagedi o ne o tlhaola e bile o thulana le tshwanelo ya gagwe ya go tila go nyenyefatswa le ya kotlhao e e setlhogo. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya dumalana le mme Dow gore molao o ne o ama kgololosego ya gagwe ya go itlhophela gore o tshwanetse go nyala mang, o ne o ka mo pateletsa go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe fa e le gore tetla ya go nna mo lefatsheng la Botswana ya monna wa gagwe le bana e ne e sa ntšhafadiwe, mme seo e ne e le tlhaolele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Coldham|1992|pp=91–92}}</ref></ref> === Legare la tiro (1991–2009) === Mme Dow o ne a tsere khefu mo tirong ya gagwe ya tsa molao dingwaga di le pedi ka ngwaga wa 1991 ka ntlha ya tsheko ya gagwe mme ka nako eo, o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga sekolo se se potlana sa Baobab kwa toropokgolo Gaborone ga mmogo le AIDS Action Trust.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref>O ne a direla e le motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa WLSA go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994,<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> fa a santse a emetse boikuelo jwa tsheko ya gagwe. Ka nako ya boikuelo jwa tsheko ya ''Attorney General v Unity Dow'', puso e ne ya bolela gore tlhaolele kgatlhanong le basadi e ne e sireleditswe ke ditlamelo tsa molaomotheo go boloka dintlha tsa setso sa Botswana, Botswana yo e neng e le [[:en:Patrilineal|setšhaba se se eteledisitseng pele seabe sa borre]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=294}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=190–191}}</ref></ref>Mmueledi-mogolo o ne ganetsana le gore mme Dow o ne a na le [[:en:Standing_(law)|boemo]] bope, a supa fa mme Dow ka boene a sa gobala ka tsela epe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=190}}</ref></ref>[[:en:Appellate_court|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]], e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Moatlhodi rre [[:en:Austin_Amissah|Austin Amissah]], e ne ya wetsa ka gore tlhaolele ya bong e ne e thula-thulana le Molaomotheo le gore ngwao ya setso e ne e ka se kgone go lwantsha dithulaganyo tsa molaomotheo tsa tshireletso e e lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao, kgotsa ditlamego tse lefatshe la Botswana le neng le na le tsone ka fa tlase ga ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse e neng e le leloko ebile le beile monwana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beyani|1994|p=295}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=196}}</ref></ref>]Mo kgannyeng ya maemo a gagwe, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya fitlhelela gore o ne a tshwanetse go supa fela gore go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore o ne o ka gobadiwa ke molao, e seng gore o ne o setse o mo gobaditse, fa godimo ga moo go kgaoganngwa le lelwapa la gagwe e ne e tlaabo e le tiro ya nyenyefatso e bile e se setho.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|pp=200–201}}</ref></ref>Mo tshwetsong ya bontsi jwa batho ba le bararo go ya go ba le babedi, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya tlhomamisa tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka diphetogo tse e seng tsa sepe, e bolela gore dikarolo tsa bone le tsa botlhano tsa Molao wa Boagedi di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Quansah|1993|p=189}}</ref></ref> Ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e tlhomilweng, ka ngwaga wa 1995, Molao wa Boagedi o ne wa fetolwa go ntsha kgokgontsho ya go sa lekalekane ga bong mo go amogeleng boagedi mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=50}}</ref></ref>Tshwetso e o e ne ya nna motheo wa ditlhopha tsa basadi go mo Aferika go gatelela gore melao ya ditšhaba tsa bone e fetolwe le go fedisa go sa tsewe ka go lekalekana ga bong, mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore selekanyo se se ka tshwarang halofo ya mafatshe a Aferika a fetole molao wa mafatshe a bone yo o itebagantseng le bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pailey|2020|p=1839}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Manby|2010|p=48}}</ref></ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998, mme Dow o ne a direla ele motsamaisi wa mokgatlho wa 'Metlhaetsile Women's Information Centre' mme ka nako e o o ne a gatisa tsheko ya gagwe ya 'Boagedi' ka ngwaga wa 1995, a tlhalosa ka botlalo ditsamaiso tsa semolao tsa tsheko ya gagwe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of Edinburgh}}</ref></ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a nna le seabe mo tshekong e e neng e akaretsa go tlhokomelo ya bana e e neng ya felela ka go fetolwa ga melao, mme ka ngwaga wa 1997 o ne a tlhagisa tsheko ya boemo jwa botsogo jwa basadi ba ba iteilweng, a tsaya seo e le mathata a magolo mo basading.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>Mo ngwageng yo o, mme Dow o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Botswana]], mme a simolola go direla kgotlatshekelo e ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref>Go tlhomiwa ga gagwe e ne e le lekgetho la ntlha mosadi a tlhomiwa go direla jaaka moatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelokgolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lederer|Macharia-Mokobi|2012|p=248}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme Dow o ne a nna le seabe mo karolong ya thomo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|ya Ditšhabakopano]] ya go sekaseka kopo ya selegae kwa lefatsheng la [[Sierra Leone]] ya ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa basadi tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mme wa letso la Ghana, [[Charlotte Abaka]], modulasetulo wa pele wa [[:en:Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women|Komiti ya go Fedisa Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi]];<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> wa leina la [[:en:Feride_Acar|Feride Acar]], modulasetulo yo o simolotseng thulaganyo ya dithuto tsa bong le basadi mo [[:en:Middle_East_Technical_University|sekolong sa ithutelo tiro sa Middle East Technical,]] kwa [[:en:Ankara|Ankara,]] kwa lefatsheng la Turkey ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bianet|2019}}</ref></ref>mme [[:en:Dorcas_Coker-Appiah|Dorcas Coker-Appiah]], mmueledi wa letso la Ghana le motlhami-mmogo wa sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Bong le Ditokomane tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho kwa [[:en:Accra|Accra]] ;<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowman|2019|p=4}}</ref></ref> ga mmogo le, [[Tiyanjana Maluwa]] wa lefatshe la Aferika-borwa, morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|sekolong sa ithutelo-tiro sa Pennsylvania]] .<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Division for the Advancement of Women|2004|p=8}}</ref></ref> Mme Dow o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokomišenara wa [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong a o ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la khuduthamaga la komiti ya Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi e e neng e na le bakomišenara ba le barataro ba ba neng ba boelela maemo le maloko a maša a le mararo, go akaretsa le ene, [[:en:Vojin_Dimitrijević|Vojin Dimitrijević]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Serbia|Serbia]] le [[:en:Raji_Sourani|Raji Sourani]] wa lefatshe la [[:en:Palestine|Palesetina]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|2006}}</ref></ref> Dow e ne e le moatlhodi yo o okametseng, ga mmogo le [[Maruping Dibotelo]] le [[:en:Mphaphi_Phumaphi|Mphaphi Phumaphi]], mo tshekong ya ga ''[[:en:Roy_Sesana_and_Others_v._the_Government_of_Botswana|Roy Sesana le ba bangwe kgatlhanong le Puso ya Botswana]]'' e e neng ya tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelong e Kgolo ka ngwaga wa 2002 ke morafe wa Basarwa <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref>(ba ka dinako tse dingwe ba neng ba bidiwa banni ba dikgwa tsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|Kalahari]] <ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref>tsheko e o e ne e le mabapi le go ntshiwa ga bone kwa lefelong jwa badimo ba bone [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari|la Diphologolo la Kalahari]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> [[Roy Sesana|Sesana]] le [[Keiwa Setlhobogwa]] ba ne ba tlisa tsheko e o mo boemong jwa batho ba bangwe ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le bongwe ba ba neng ba tsenela tsheko fa Puso ya Botswana e ne e kgaotse metsi mo lefelong le, e gana go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botsogo le dipalamo tsa bana ba sekolo, e emisitse go abela masiela le bahumanegi dijo, ebile e leka go ntsha batho ba letso la Basarwa ka dikgoka mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba baakanya tsheko ya bone gore e akaretse go gana ga Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Diphaka tsa setšhaba go ba letla go tsena mo lefelong le kwa ntle ga tetlelelo kgotsa go ba naya dilaesense tse di kgethegileng tsa diphologolo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=103–104, 107}}</ref></ref> [Morago ga theetso ya dingwaga di le nne, ka ngwaga wa 2006, Dow o ne a wetsa ka gore go kgaotsa ditirelo le go patelediwa go fuduga ga Basarwa ke tsela nngwe ya go gataka tshwanelo ya bone ya botshelo e e sireleditsweng ke molaotheo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=108–109}}</ref></ref>. O ne a laela gore ditirelo di busediwe le gore ba ba fudusitsweng mme ba sena keletso ya go boa ba duelelwe ditshenyegelo. <ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=109}}</ref></ref>[Mo kgannyeng ya dilaesense tsa diphologolo, baatlhodi botlhe ka boraro jwa bone ba ne ba dumalana gore ba ne ba thibetswe e se ka fa molaong, o kare Lephata la Diphologolo tsa Naga le ne le sa tlamega go ntsha ditetlelelo, ka tlwaelo ba ne ba dira jalo; go di thibela le go emisa dithuso tsa dijo ka nako e le nngwe, go ne ga ama bokgoni jwa morafe ya Basarwa jwa go itshetsa.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|pp=115–117}}</ref></ref> Mo kgannyeng ya ditetla tsa go tsena mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng, Dow o ne a fitlhela gore di kgoreletsa batho ba Basarwa go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go tsamaya ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=120}}</ref></ref> Tsheko e, go ya ka morutabana wa dithuto tse digolwane tsa molao Clement Ng’ong’ola e ne e le tshwetso ya ntlha mo Botswana ya go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ntlha mo lefatsheng la Botswana ga mmogo le mafelo a badimo ba bone.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ng'ong'ola|2007|p=121}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, Dow o ne a dira ele leloko la thomo e e kgethegileng ya [[International Legal Assistance Consortium]] go sekaseka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ya lefatshe la Rwanda le go sekaseka ka fa lefatshe leo le ka rarabololang dikgotlhang tsa lone tse di fetileng le go tsosolosa tsamaiso ya lone ya bosiamisi go netefatsa gore basekisiwa mo ditshekong tsa tsheko [[Kganyaolo ya kwa Rwanda|ya polao ya semorafe ya 1994]] ba amogela katlholo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahlund|2007|p=5}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref>. Nngwe ya ditsheko tsa bofelo tse a neng a di okametse e ne e le ya mabapi le go okediwa ga lekgetho la puso la nnotagi. Mme Dow o ne a diegisa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga koketsego ya diperesente di le masome a mararo mme tsheko e o e ne ya felelela e emisitswe.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Segwai|2008}}</ref></ref> O ne a ithola marapo a tiro ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya go tlhatlhelela kwa [[:en:Washington_and_Lee_University_School_of_Law|Sekolong sa ithutelo Molao sa Washington and Lee]] kwa [[:en:Lexington,_Virginia|Lexington, Virginia]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Cincinnati|Yunibesithing ya Cincinnati]] kwa Ohio, pele ga a nna morutabana wa dithuto tsa molao yo o etileng kwa [[:en:Columbia_Law_School|Sekolong sa Molao sa Columbia]] kwa New York City.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=Columbia Law School}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=University of South Australia}}</ref></ref> === Tiro ya moragonyana (2010 go fitlhelela gompieno) === Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2010, mme Dow o ne a tlhoma kgwebo ya semolao ya Dow & Associates mme ka yone kgwedi e o o ne a ikanisiwa ke [[:en:President_of_Kenya|tautona wa Kenya]] jaaka mongwe wa baatlhodi mo Kgotlatshekelong e e Ikemetseng ya Nakwana ya Tharabololo ya Dikgotlhang tsa Molaomotheo go thusa go tsenya tirisong [[:en:Constitution_of_Kenya|Molaomotheo]] o moša wa lefatshe la Kenya.<ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title= |url= |access-date= |website=NSW Bar Association}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2014|p=227}}</ref></ref> . Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa Komitikhuduthamaga ya Mokhomišenara wa Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Babueledi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Crowe|2011}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o Dow o ne a simolola go bereka le [[Ricki Kgositau]] le molweladitshwanelo yo mongwe wa popego ya [[:en:Transgender|batho ba ba fetogileng bong]] mabapi le go palelwa ga bone ke go bona dikarata tsa boitshupo tse di nang le bong jwa bone jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=247–248}}</ref></ref> Ka nako eo mo lefatsheng la Botswana go ne go sena tsela ya semolao ya gore batho ba ba fetogileng bong ba fetole ditshwao tsa bone tsa bong mo dipampiring tsa semmuso. Fa balweladitshwanelo ba ya kwa ofising ya 'Civil and National Registration' go fetola dipampiri tsa bone, ba ne ba gakololwa go ya go kopa taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|pp=244, 248}}</ref></ref> Ba ne ba kwadisa mme Dow gore a ba thuse, mme e ne ya re go ba arabeng a ikgolaganya le [[:en:Southern_African_Litigation_Centre|Lefelo la Ditsheko la Afrika Borwa]] go thusa ka thuso ya semolao le go ba ema nokeng ka tsa madi.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref>Go netefatsa gore kgang e tla fiwa theetso e e siameng, le go fedisa kgonagalo ya go latlhegelwa ke tsheko, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhoma sekao sa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT mo tshekong e e nang le kotsi e nnye ya go gobala le go diegisa ditsheko tsa tshupo ya bong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Camminga|2020|p=248}}</ref></ref> Go fitlhelela seo, mme Dow o ne a emela mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa batho [[LEGABIBO|wa LEGABIBO]] (Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana) mo tshekong ya bone go kwadisa mokgatlho wa bone kwa lephateng la kwadiso ya setshaba. Mokgatlho o ne o gannwe go kwadisiwa ke mokaedi wa lephata le ga mmogo le [[Edwin Batshu]], Tona ya Merero ya Badiri le tsa Selegae, ka mabaka a gore go ratana ga bong go ne go se kafa molaong mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Dow o ne a bolela gore go gana go kwadisa mokgatlho yo go ne go le kgatlhanong le tshwanelo ya go kopana ka kgololesego mme a gakolola gore tsheko e, e ne e se ka ga tshwanelo ya go dira ditiro tsa tlhakanelodikobo, mme e ne e le ka ga gore a maloko a ka kgona go kokoanya le go abelana tshedimosetso ya bone mmogo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014a}}</ref></ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, Moatlhodi Terrence Rannowane wa Kgotlatshekelokgolo o ne a atlhola gore go gana go kwadisa setlhopha seo le go se letla go kopana go ne go gataka Molaomotheo, karolo ya boraro, ya lesome le bobedi, le ya lesome le boraro, tse di nayang tshwanelo ya go bua ka kgololesego, go kopana le go kopana ka kgololesego.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mokwape|2014b}}</ref></ref> [[Setshwantsho:Unity_Dow_and_Macsuzy_Mondon,_September_2015.jpg|alt=Photograph of two seated women, attended by two witnesses standing beside them, signing documents on a table.|thumb| Ditona mme Dow le mme Macsuzy Mondon (Seychelles) ba baya monwana mo mokwalong wa Kutlwano wa lenaneo la kananyo ya barutabana, 2015]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le marataro ka ngwaga wa 2012, Dow o ne a tlhomiwa ke [[:en:United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council|Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Ditšhabakopano]] jaaka mongwe wa baitseanape ba le bararo ba ba ikemetseng go dira thomo ya go batlisisa dintlha ka ga ka moo mafelo a bodulo a Iseraele a West Bank a amang Bapalesetina ka teng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lazaroff|2012}}</ref></ref> Mo ngwageng yo o, o ne a tsena mo dipolotiking mme a tsenela lekoko la [[Phathi ya Tomokoraga|Botswana Democratic Party]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Sunday Standard|2012a}}</ref></ref> O ne a tsenela [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2014 (Botswana)|ditlhophokakaretso tsa 2014]] tsa Kgaolo ya Mochudi Bophirima, mme a seke a kgone go fenya setilo mo lekgotleng la [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Kokoano ya matona a puso]].<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Basimanebotlhe|2014}}</ref></ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2014, Dow o ne a tlhophiwa, mmogo le bontlhopheng ba bangwe ba le barataro, ke Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] wa Botswana jaaka leloko le le tlhophilweng ka tsela e e kgethegileng la palamente. Mmogo le [[Kenneth Matambo]], [[Kitso Mokaila]], le Eric Molale, o ne a fenya ditlhopho mme a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Tona wa Thuto mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Motsamai|2014}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mosikare|2014}}</ref></ref>. Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2015, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto le Tlhabololo ya Bokgoni ke rre Khama, a tlhatlhama rre [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], yo e neng e le mothusa-tautona wa lefatshe la Botswana ka nako e o.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Piet|2015}}</ref></ref> Ka nako ya fa a le mo Lephateng, Dow o ne a tlhoma lenaneo la go katisa barutabana go tswa kwa [[:en:Seychelles|Seychelles]] mo Botswana le go romela barutabana ba Batswana go ya go thusa Seychelles ka tlhaelo ya barutabana.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bonnelame|2015}}</ref></ref> O ne a direla mo maemong a go fitlhelela ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ngwaga wa 2016, mo tlhakatlhakanong ya kabinete, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Thuto.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mmegi|2016b}}</ref></ref> Morago ga gore rre Khama a tlogele maemo a botautona ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2018, Dow o ne a tlhatlosiwa ke tautona rre Masisi yo o neng a sa tswa go nna tautona go tswa kwa maemong a go nna tona ya Thuto go ya kwa maemong a go nna Tona ya lephata la dikago le tlhabololo ya matlo.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mwakideu|2018}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Gabathuse|2018}}</ref></ref>Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2018, mo go fetolweng ga Kabinete, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna [[:en:Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Cooperation_(Botswana)|Tona ya Merero ya Boditšhabatšhaba le Tirisanommogo]], a fetola setilo sa gagwe sa dikago le tlhabololo ya matlo le rre Vincent Tina Seretse, yo o neng a tshwere Merero ya boditšhabatšhara pele.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Morupisi|2018}}</ref></ref>Rre Masisi o ne a fenya maemo a botautona mo [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2019 (Botswana)|Ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa 2019]] mme a tlhomamisa mme Dow gape jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Boditšhabatšhaba le Tirisanommogo ya palamente ya lesome le bobedi ya lefatshe la Botswana..<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mmegi|2019}}</ref></ref>Mme Dow le bomorwadie Cheshe le Natasha, ba ne ba bula Dow Academy kwa Mochudi, mo kgaolong ya Kgatleng ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 2020. Sekolo se sa kgwebo se na le dithuto tse dipotlana le tse dikgolwane.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Luebering|2020}}</ref></ref>Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2020, Dow o ne a tlogela bodiredi jwa gagwe mme a tseelwa sebaka ke Lemogang Kwape mo pusong e ntšha.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Motlhoka|2020}}</ref></ref><ref><ref>{{harvnb|Gabathuse|2020}}</ref></ref>Dow o ne a bua jaana ka go tsaya kgato e, "Jaaka tona o bua thata ka bodiredi jwa gago. Mme setilo se se kwa morago se go naya kgololesego ya go botsolotsa dikgang tse di farologaneng tse di amang setšhaba. Thibelo e le nngwe fela ke boemo jwa me jwa lekoko mo kgannyeng e e rileng.<ref><ref>{{harvnb|Motlhoka|2020}}</ref></ref> bu50byp76r35npdf36vkfncj32ytxr6 Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng 0 8496 53372 49725 2026-07-27T15:04:12Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse le go tlhabolola thanolo yab tsebe ya moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng #Wikipedia25BW 53372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moepo wa diteemane wa [[Toropo ya Jwaneng|Jwaneng]]''' ke one moepo o o h {{Infobox mine|name=Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng|image=Jwaneng Open Mine.jpg|pushpin_map=Botswana location map.svg|location=[[Sekaka sa Kalahari]] Mokgatsha wa noka ya Naledi [[Botswana]]|coordinates=24°31′23″S 24°42′07″E|products=diteemane|opening year=1982}} umileng go gaisa meepo yotlhe mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref>''[http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/03/africa/botswana-diamonds-jwaneng/index.html "Inside the world's richest diamond mine - CNN.com"].'' CNN. Retrieved 2015-12-03</ref> <ref name=":0">Lock, N.(February 2019). "''[https://web.archive.org/web/20221102122028/http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2225-62532019000200010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en Jwaneng - the untold story of the discovery of the world's richest diamond mine"].'' Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.119(2): 155–164. doi: [https://ref.scielo.org/hwrz46 10.17159/2411-9717/2019/v119n2a8]. ISSN 2225-6253</ref> ke one wa bobedi ka bogolo mo lefatsehng ka bophara.<ref>Mala, Alisa (13 April 2024). [https://www.worldatlas.com/industries/the-10-largest-diamond-mines-in-the-world.html "The 10 Largest Diamond Mines In The World".] ''WorldAtlas''. Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> O filwe leina la motshameko la "kgosana ya meepo"<ref name=":0" />o kwa legare la borwa, mo Botswana dikhilomithara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a supa kwa borwabophirima jwa [[Gaborone]].<ref name=":1">Mining Technology (29 February 2024). [https://www.mining-technology.com/projects/jwaneng-diamond-mine/ "Jwaneng Diamond Mine, Botswana".] Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> Leina [[Toropo ya Jwaneng|Jwaneng]] le raya lefelo la majwana a mantle,<ref>Benson, Steven (28 April 2021). [https://www.middiamonds.com/the-diamond-blog/worlds-richest-open-pit-diamond-mine-to-become-the-worlds-largest-underground-mine/ "World's richest open-pit diamond mine to become the world's largest underground mine".] ''MID House of Diamonds''. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> moepo wa Jwaneng o raya kwa go bonwang majwana teng ka Setswana.<ref name=":2">Debswana (2023a)[https://www.debswana.com/Operations/Pages/Jwaneng-Mine.aspx . "Debswana Jwaneng Mine".] Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> Moepo o ke wa kompone ya [[:en:Debswana|Debswana]], e e leng tirisanommogo gareng ga kompone ya [[:en:De_Beers|De Beers]] le goromente wa [[Botswana]].<ref name=":1" /> O simolotse go bereka ka ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi.<ref name=":0" /> Moepo o ke one gape o o tlhokomelang le go laola sepatela mo Jwaneng le maemelo difofane a Jwaneng.<ref>[https://healthshare.co.za/about/our-client-success-stories/jwaneng-orapa-mine-hospitals/ "Jwaneng & Orapa Mine Hospitals".] ''Healthshare''. 2021. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref><ref>Debswana (2023b). [https://www.debswana.com/Sustainability/Pages/Our-Community.aspx "Debswana Community".] Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070203101929/http://www.dca.gov.bw/index.php?sectid=247 "Ministry of Works & Transport: Department of Civil Aviation: Jwaneng Aerodrome".] ''Ministry of Works and Transport (Botswana)''. Archived from the original on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> Moepo o o na le setlankana sa tikologo e e siameng sa ISO 14001, e le one moepo wa ntlha mo Botswana go fitlhelela setlankana seo ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi.<ref>[https://www.parliament.gov.bw/images/EXCURSIONS-WEB.pdf "EXCURSIONS: Debswana Mine, Botswana Meat Commission, and Culture Day"] (PDF). ''Parliament of Botswana''. 2018. Retrieved 127 July 2026</ref> == Ditso == === Go bonwa ga pele le go tlhatlhobiwa ga pele === Ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa, ditlhotlhomiso tse di tseneletseng tsa majwe ke kompone ya De Beers. Ditshekatsheko di ne tsa baka go supiwa ga moepo wa jwaneng ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro,<ref name=":3">Lock, Norman (2019). "[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2225-62532019000200010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en Jwaneng - the untold story of the discovery of the world's richest diamond mine".] ''Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy''. '''119''' (2): 155. Bibcode:2019JSAIM.119....8L. doi:10.17159/2411-[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2225-62532019000200010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en 9717/2019/v119n2a8.] ISSN&nbsp;2225-6253.</ref>morago ga dingwaga di robabongwe tsa gos ekaseka le go aga o ne wa simoloa go bereka mo go tletseng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le motso, dithane di le didikadike di le lekgolo le bosupa tsa majwe di ne tsa epiwa.<ref name=":2" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le boraro, o ne wa ntsha didikadike di le lesome le boraro tsa dikharete tsa diteemane.<ref name=":4">[[:en:Diamond_Trading_Company|DTC]] (2024). "Jwaneng". Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> === Tlhabololo le kago === [[Setshwantsho:Plot of regional DSS ilmenite grain counts, Jwaneng diamond mine.jpg|thumb]] {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !ditirelo !baithuta marope !tse ba di boneng !Dintlha !Motswedi |- |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bobedi |go tlhatlhoba tsela |Jim Gibson/Jim Platt |dikai tse di senang kungwa | | rowspan="16" |<ref>Lock, Norman (2019). [http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2225-62532019000200010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en "Jwaneng - the untold story of the discovery of the world's richest diamond mine".] ''Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy''. '''119''' (2): 155. Bibcode:2019JSAIM.119....8L. doi:10.17159/2411-9717/2019/v119n2a8. ISSN&nbsp;2225-6253.</ref> |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le boraro | colspan="3" rowspan="6" |go ne go sena tiragalo epe | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bone | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le botlhano | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borataro | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bosupa | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borobabobedi | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borobabongwe |go tlhatlhoba mmu |Mike Whateley/Keith Huxham le ba bangwe |sesupo sa ntlha sa kimberlite e tlhomamisitswe ke DRL | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa |go tlhatlhobiwa mo go tseneletseng ga mmu | rowspan="2" |Mike Whateley/Bruce Lynn |tswelelo pele ya tshupo ya kimberlite | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bongwe |go tlhatlhobiwa ga seretse mo go tseneletseng |2424D/K1 | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bobedi |go epiwa kwa teng |Peter Bickerstaff |2424D/K2 | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro |go tlhatlhoba mmu mo go tseneletseng. go tlhatlhoba seretse mo go tseneletseng. go epa |Stuart Vercoe/Norman Lock |2424D/K2 | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bone |go epiwa ga mmu, go tlhatlhobiwa ga mmu le seretse mo go tseneletseng | rowspan="4" |Stuart Vercoe le ba bangwe |2424KD/K3 le 2424KD/K4 | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano | rowspan="3" |go epiwa ga mmu, go tlhatlhobiwa ga mmu le seretse mo go tseneletseng |2424D/K5 le 2424KD/K6 | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borataro |2424KD/K7 | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bosupa |2424KD/K8 | |} == Popego == Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng o kwa masimong a Orapa.<ref>De Beers (2022)[https://www.debeersgroup.com/our-business/exploration-and-mining . "Botswana".] Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> Kwa moepong go na le phaephe ya Jwaneng<ref>[https://idma.diamonds/galleries/jwaneng-diamond-mine-tour-excerpts/ "Jwaneng Diamond Mine tour - excerpts".] ''International Diamond Manufacturers Association''. 10 April 2011. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> e e tlhamilweng ka nako ya Permian.<ref>Schlüter, Thomas (2006). ''Geological Atlas of Africa'' (PDF). Germany: Springer. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-540-29144-2|<bdi>978-3-540-29144-2</bdi>.]]</ref> Moepo o na le diphaephe tsa kimberlite di le tharo. <ref>[[:en:NASA_Earth_Observatory|NASA Earth Observatory]] (26 October 2008). [https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/35585/jwaneng-diamond-mine-botswana "Jwaneng Diamond Mine, Botswana"]. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> Ditshipi tse di nang le teemane di epiwa go tswa mo lehuting le letona di isiwa kwa mafelo a a dirang.<ref>Eligon, John; Silva, Joao (29 June 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/29/world/africa/botswana-diamonds-de-beers.html "Is Botswana Getting a Raw Deal From De Beers Diamonds?"]. ''The New York Times''. ISSN&nbsp;0362-4331. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref><ref>Davies, Aura (5 October 2023). [https://goop.com/style/ask-an-editor/how-are-diamonds-mined/ "How Diamonds are Mined, Processed, and Cut in Botswana"]. ''Goop''. Archived from the original on 3 May 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> == Ditlamorago tsa itsholelo == === Tsa pereko === Moepo o o thapa batho ba feta dikete pedi le makgolo a matlhano go ya ka dipalo tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone.<ref name=":4" /> Porojeke e tona e ikaelela go atolosa ditirelo kwa Jwaneng ka go tlhama ditiro di le dikete di le nne le makgolo a mane kgotsa go feta ka ngwaga, e solofetswe go tsenya dibilone di feta masome a mabedi le botlhano tsa di dolara mo itsholelong ya Botswana. Porojeke e gape e ikaelela go oketsa boteng jwa moepo go tswa mo dimithareng di le makgolo a mane go ya kwa go di le makgolo a marataro le masome a matlhano.<ref name=":4" /> == Metswedi == lnb5beutr896eycvwrxnyzn28evipem Go ntshiwa ga digase tse di bakang go gotela ga lefatshe go tswa mo temothuong 0 8709 53452 40378 2026-07-28T09:36:02Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Greenhouse 2007-01-18.jpg|thumb|Greenhouse]] Temothuo e na le seabe mo go fetogeng ga seemo sa loapi ka go ntshiwa ga digase tse di bakang go gotela ga lefatshe le le seng la temothuo, jaaka dikgwa go nna lefatshe la temothuo.<ref>Section 4.2: Agriculture's current contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, in: {{Cite book|pages=67–69}} </ref> Temothuo, dikgwa le lefapha la tiriso ya lefatshe le na le seabe mo magareng ga 13% le 21% ya digase tse di bakang go gotela ga lefatshe mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Go ntshiwa ga nitrous oxide, methane go dira go feta sephatlo sa selekanyo sa go ntshiwa ga digase tse di bakang go gotela mo go tswang mo temothuong. Go rua diphologolo ke motswedi o mogolo wa digase tse di bakang go gotela ga lefatshe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How livestock farming affects the environment|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/factsheet/how-livestock-farming-affects-the-environment-64218|access-date=2022-02-10|website=www.downtoearth.org.in|archive-date=2023-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130055211/https://www.downtoearth.org.in/factsheet/how-livestock-farming-affects-the-environment-64218|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tsamaiso ya dijo tsa temothuo e na le maikarabelo a go tlhagisa digase tse di bakang go gotela ga lefatshe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011|title=The Food Gap: The Impacts of Climate Change on Food Production: a 2020 Perspective|url=http://www.feu-us.org/images/The_Food_Gap.pdf|access-date=2023-05-09|archive-date=2012-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416214231/http://www.feu-us.org/images/The_Food_Gap.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mo godimo ga go nna modirisi yo o botlhokwa wa lefatshe le modirisi wa lookwane lwa masaledi, temothuo e na le seabe ka tlhamalalo mo go ntshiweng ga digase tse di bakang go gotela ga lefatshe ka mekgwa e e tshwanang le go dirwa ga raese le go godisa diruiwa. Dilo tse tharo tse dikgolo tse di bakang koketsego ya digase tse di golelang molelo tse di lemogilweng mo dingwageng di le makgolo a mabedi le botlhano tse di fetileng e ne e le ditukisi tsa masaledi, tiriso ya lefatshe, le temothuo. Tsamaiso ya go sila dijo ya diphologolo tsa polase e ka bewa ka ditlhopha tse pedi: monogastric le ruminant. Dikgomo tse di nonneng tsa nama ya kgomo le tsa mashi di na le selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa digase tse di fetisang go nna le moya o o bothitho; di-monogastric, kgotsa dikolobe le dijo tse di amanang le dikoko, di kwa tlase. Go dirisiwa ga mefuta ya monogastric go ka tlhagisa digase tse di kwa tlase. Diphologolo tse di nang le popelo e le nngwe di na le bokgoni jo bo kwa godimo jwa go fetola dijo, mme gape ga di tlhagise methane e ntsi.<ref name="strategies" /> Mo godimo ga moo, CO2 tota e ntshiwa gape mo tikologong ka go hema ga dimela le mmu mo dikgato tsa bofelo tsa go gola ga dijalo, go dira gore go ntshiwe digase tse di oketsegileng tse di bakang go gotela ga lefatshe. Selekanyo sa digase tsa greenhouse tse di tlhagisiwang ka nako ya go dirwa le go dirisiwa ga menontsha ya naeterojene se fopholediwa go nna 5% ya digase tsa go gotsa tse di tswang mo bathong. Tsela e le nngwe e e botlhokwa thata ya go fokotsa digase tse di tswang mo go yone ke go dirisa menontsha e mennye, fa go ntse go okediwa tiriso ya yone.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Carbon emissions from fertilizers could be reduced by as much as 80% by 2050|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/02/230209114736.htm|website=Science Daily|publisher=University of Cambridge|access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref> Go na le maano a le mantsi a a ka dirisiwang go thusa go fokotsa ditlamorago le go oketsa go ntshiwa ga digase tse di bakang kgotlelo - seno gape se bidiwa temothuo e e botlhale ya tlelaemete. Mangwe a maano ano a akaretsa go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa go rua diruiwa, jo bo akaretsang go di laola mmogo le go dirisa thekenoloji; go tokafatsa tsela ya go laola boloko jwa mmidi; go fokotsa go ikaega ka lookwane lwa fosili le metswedi e e sa ntšhwafadiweng; go fetola nako e diphologolo di jang le go nwa ka yone, nako le lefelo; le go fokotsa go dirwa le go jewa ga dijo tsa diphologolo. Mekgwa e e farologaneng e ka fokotsa kgaso ya digase tse di bakang kgotlelo mo temothuong gore go nne le thulaganyo ya dijo e e tswelelang == Tshekatsheko == Ditiro tsa temothuo di ntsha digase tsa carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide le methane. === Go ntshiwa ga khabonetaeokosaete === Ditiro tse di tshwanang le go lema masimo, go jala dijalo, le go romela dilo di dira gore go ntshiwe khabonetaeokosaete.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agricultural Practices Producing and Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions|url=https://www.sierraclub.org/sites/www.sierraclub.org/files/sce/iowa-chapter/Ag-CAFOs/AgAndGHG.pdf|access-date=2023-05-09|archive-date=2023-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315081522/https://www.sierraclub.org/sites/www.sierraclub.org/files/sce/iowa-chapter/Ag-CAFOs/AgAndGHG.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Go ntshiwa ga khabonetaeokosaete go go amanang le temothuo go dira mo e ka nnang 11% ya go ntshiwa ga digase tse di bakang go gotela ga lefatshe.<ref>{{Cite web|last=US EPA|first=OAR|date=2023-02-08|title=Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions|url=https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions|access-date=2022-04-04|website=www.epa.gov}}</ref> Mekgwa ya temothuo e e tshwanang le go fokotsa temothuolo, go fokotsa lefatshe le le se nang sepe, go busetsa masalela a dijalo mo mmung, le go oketsa tiriso ya dijalo tse di sireleditsweng go ka fokotsa go ntshiwa ga khabone.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Food|first=Ministry of Agriculture and|title=Reducing agricultural greenhouse gases - Province of British Columbia|url=https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/industry/agriculture-seafood/agricultural-land-and-environment/climate-action/reducing-agricultural-ghgs|access-date=2022-04-04|website=www2.gov.bc.ca}}</ref> === Go ntshiwa ga methane === [[Setshwantsho:Livestock_near_Walnut_Farm_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3240836.jpg|thumb|Polase ya dikgomo.]] Go ntshiwa ga methane go tswa mo diruiweng ke selo sa ntlha se se nang le seabe mo digase tsa temothuo mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Diruiwa di na le maikarabelo a 14.5% ya pkakaretsotso ya digase tse di bakang go gotela ga lefatshe tse di bakwang ke batho. Kgomo e le nngwe fela e tla ntsha bokete jwa dikilogerama di le 220 tsa methane ka ngwaga.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Quinton|first=Amy|date=June 27, 2019|title=Cows and climate change|url=https://www.ucdavis.edu/food/news/making-cattle-more-sustainable}}</ref> Le fa nako ya go nna ga methane e le khutshwane thata go feta ya carbon dioxide, e kgona go tshwara mogote ka makgetlo a le 28.<ref name=":02" /> Ga se fela gore diruiwa di na le seabe mo go ntsheng digase tse di kotsi, mme gape di tlhoka lefatshe le lentsi mme di ka nna tsa fula go feta selekanyo, se se felelang ka boleng jwa mmu jo bo sa itekanelang le go fokotsega ga mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditshedi.<ref name=":02" /> Ditsela di le mmalwa tsa go fokotsa go ntshiwa ga gase ya methane di akaretsa go fetola dijo tse di nang le dimela tse di nang da nama e nnye, go fepa dikgomo ka dijo tse di nonneng, go laola mantle, le go dira motshotelo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Curbing methane emissions: How five industries can counter a major climate threat {{!}} McKinsey|url=https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/curbing-methane-emissions-how-five-industries-can-counter-a-major-climate-threat-|access-date=2022-04-04|website=www.mckinsey.com|archive-date=2023-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511100241/https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/curbing-methane-emissions-how-five-industries-can-counter-a-major-climate-threat-|url-status=dead}}</ref> Temothuo ya raese ya setso ke motswedi wa bobedi o mogolo wa methane wa temothuo morago ga diruiwa, ka go nna le seabe sa go gotela mo nakong e e gaufi se se lekanang le go ntshiwa ga carbon-dioxide go tswa mo difofaneng tsotlhe.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Reed|first1=John|date=25 June 2020|title=Thai rice farmers step up to tackle carbon footprint|newspaper=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/8ff2b454-9390-11ea-899a-f62a20d54625|access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref> Go nna le seabe ga puso mo molaomotheong wa temothuo go lekanyeditswe ka ntlha ya tlhokego e e kwa godimo ya dilo tsa temothuo tse di tshwanang le mmidi, korong, le mashi. United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) global hunger and food security initiative, the Feed the Future project, e rarabolola go latlhegelwa ke dijo le matlakala. Ka go rarabolola go latlhegelwa ke dijo le matlakala, go fokodiwa ga digase tse di bakang go gotela ga lefatshe le gone go a rarabololwa. Ka go tlhoma mogopolo fela mo dithulaganyong tsa mashi tsa boleng jwa 20 mo dinageng di le 12, go latlhegelwa ke dijo le matlakala go ka fokodiwa ka 4-10%. Dipalo tseno di na le tlhotlheletso e bile di tla fokotsa go ntshiwa ga digase tse di bakang go gotela ga lefatshe fa di sa ntse di jesa baagi.<ref name=":1" /> === Go ntshiwa ga nitrous oxide === [[Setshwantsho:Global_Nitrous_Oxide_Budget_2020.png|thumb|Tekanyetsokabo ya lefatshe ya nitrous oxide.]] Go ntshiwa ga gase ya nitrous oxide go tswa mo tirisong e e okeditsweng ya menontshane ya maitirelo le ya dilo tsa tlholego. Menontshane e oketsa thobo ya dijalo mme di letlelela dijalo go gola ka bonako. Go ntshiwa ga di-nitrous oxide mo temothuong go dira 6% ya go ntshiwa ga digase tse di bakang go gotela ga lefatshe kwa United States; di oketsegile ka 30% fa e sale ka 1980.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|date=2019-09-19|title=The Greenhouse Gas No One's Talking About: Nitrous Oxide on Farms, Explained|url=https://civileats.com/2019/09/19/the-greenhouse-gas-no-ones-talking-about-nitrous-oxide-on-farms-explained/|access-date=2022-04-04|website=Civil Eats}}</ref> Le fa 6% e ka lebega e le seabe se sennye, nitrous oxide e kgona go tshwara mogote ka makgetho a le makgolo a mararo go feta carbon dioxide mme e na le nako ya go nna mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi.<ref name=":12" /> Mekgwa e e farologaneng ya taolo e e tshwanang le go boloka metsi ka go nosetsa ka metsi, go ela tlhoko dikotla tsa mmu go tila go nontshiwa thata, le go dirisa dijalo tse di sireletsang mo boemong jwa go dirisa menontshane go ka thusa go fokotsa go ntshiwa ga nitrous oxide.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Resources|first=University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural|title=Nitrous Oxide Emissions|url=https://ucanr.edu/sites/Nutrient_Management_Solutions/stateofscience/Nitrous_Oxide__In_focus|access-date=2022-04-04|website=ucanr.edu}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:The_Global_Methane_Budget_2008–2017.png|thumb|Tekanyetsokabo ya lefatshe lotlhe ya methane.]] == Go dirisiwa ga lefatshe == [[Setshwantsho:2019_Greenhouse_gas_emissions_per_capita_by_region_-_variwide_bar_chart_-_IPCC_AR6_WG3_-_Fig_SPM.2c.svg|thumb| Diphetogo tse di kwa godimo tsa tiriso ya lefatshe mo go ntshiweng ga digase di dirilwe ke Latin America, Southeast Asia, Afrika, le Pacific Islands. Lefelo la dikhutlo tse di khutlotharo le bontsha palogotlhe ya digase tsa kgaolo eo.<ref name="IPCCwg3Fig2c">Fig. SPM.2c from {{Cite web|last=Working Group III|title=Climate Change 2022 / Mitigation of Climate Change / Summary for Policymakers|url=https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6wg3/pdf/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf|website=IPCC.ch|publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|date=4 April 2022}} Data is for 2019.</ref>]] Temothuo e thusa go oketsa digase tse di kotsi ka go dirisa lefatshe ka ditsela tse nnè tse dikgolo: * Go ntshiwa ga CO2 go go amanang le go rengwa ga dikgwa * Methane e e ntshiwang go tswa mo temothuong ya raese * Methane e gololwa ke go bedisiwa ga dikgomo * Nitrous oxide e gololwa go tswa mo go diriseng menontsha Dithulaganyo tseno tsa temothuo di dira gore go ntshiwe methane e e ka nnang diperesente di le 54 tsa selekanyo sa tsone, di ntshe nitrous oxide e e ka nnang diperesente di le 80 tsa selekanyo sa tsone, mme di ntshe carbon dioxide yotlhe e e amanang le go dirisiwa ga mmu. Tikologo ya lefatse e fetogile thata go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1750, ka gonne batho ba feditse dikgwa tsa dikgaolo tse di nang le themperetšha e e magareng. Fa dikgwa le dikgwa di tlosiwa go dira lefelo la masimo le mafulo, albedo ya lefelo le le amilweng e a oketsega, e e ka felelang ka go gotela kgotsa go tsidifatsa go ikaegile ka maemo a lefelo leo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter2.pdf}}</ref> Go rengwa ga dikgwa gape go ama go ntshiwa ga khabone mo kgaolong, e e ka felelang ka go oketsega ga CO2, e leng gase e e anamang thata.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100806115645/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-ts.pdf IPCC Technical Summary] retrieved 25 June 2007</ref> Mekgwa ya go phepafatsa lefatshe e e tshwanang le go sega le go fisa e oketsa ditlamorago tseno, jaaka go fisa biomatter go ntsha digase tse di tsididi le dilo tse di nang le lerole mo moyeng ka tlhamalalo. Go phepafatsa lefatshe go ka senya carbon sponge ya mmu.{{excerpt|Rice#Climate change|paragraphs=1|file=no}}Go dirwa ga raese lefatshe ka bophara go dira go ntshiwa ga digase tse di kgotlhelang loapi ka kakaretso mo go dirweng dijo dipe fela. ka ngwaga wa 2021 e ne e akanyeditse go ka nna selekanyo sa 30% sa digase tsa methane tsa temothuo le selekanyo sa 11% sa digase nitrous oxide. go ntshiwa gwa gase ya methane go bakiwa ke go ntsifala ga ditshimo tsa raese mo go itsang ditlhare go tsaya gase ya oxigen, mo go bakang anaerobic fermantation ga go nona ga mmu. Dipatlosiso tsa ngwaga wa 2021 di supile dikakanyetso tsa gore raese e ntsha didikadike tse pedi tsa anthropogenic greenhouse gases ka ngwaga wa 2010. == Diruiwa == Ditiro tsa leruo le ditiro tse di amanang le leruo tse di jaaka go rengwa ga dikgwa le mekgwa ya temothuo e e dirisang maatla a mantsi a lookwane, di baka go feta 18% ya kgaso ya digase tse di bakang kgotlelo e e bakwang ke batho, go akaretsa:<ref name="lls">{{Cite book|coauthors=vanc}},</ref> * 9% ya go ntshiwa ga khabonetaeokosaete ya lefatshe lotlhe * 3540% ya methane e e ntshiwang mo lefatsheng lotlhe (segolobogolo ka ntlha ya go bedisa le mantle) * 64% ya go ntshiwa ga nitrous oxide mo lefatsheng lotlhe (segolobogolo ka ntlha ya go dirisiwa ga menontsha).<ref name="lls"/>) [[Setshwantsho:Livestock_market_in_Mali.jpg|thumb|Mmaraka wa Diruiwa wa Niamana]] Ditiro tsa go rua diphologolo le tsone di ama tsela e naga e dirisiwang ka yone ka tsela e e sa tshwanelang, ka gonne dijalo tse di jaaka mmidi le alfalfa di jalwa go fepa diphologolo. Ka ngwaga wa 2010, go bedisa ga enteric go ne go na le 43% ya palogotlhe ya digase tse di tsididi tse di ntshiwang go tswa mo ditirong tsotlhe tsa temothuo mo lefatsheng.<ref>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2013) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3107e/i3107e00.htm "FAO STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 2013 World Food and Agriculture"]. See data in Table 49.</ref> Nama e e tswang mo diphologolong tse di ruminants e na le carbon footprint e e kwa godimo go feta nama e nngwe kgotsa metswedi ya merogo ya poroteine e e ikaegileng ka meta-analysis ya lefatshe lotlhe ya dipatlisiso tsa go tlhatlhoba botshelo. Di-ruminants tse dinnye tse di tshwanag le dinku le dipodi di na le seabe mo e ka nnang ditone di le dimilione di le makgolo a mane le masome a supa le botlhano tsa khabonetaeokosaete e e lekanang le go ntshiwa ga GHG, e e bopang mo e ka nnang selakanyo sa 6.5% ya go ntshiwa ke lefapha la temothuo la lefatshe. Go tlhagisiwa ga methane ke diphologolo, bogolo jang di-ruminants, go dira go fopholediwa go 15-20% ya go tlhagisiwa ga lefatshe lotlhe ga methane. Dipatlisiso di tsweletse ka tiriso ya mefuta e e farologaneng ya mefero ya lewatle, bogolo jang Asparegopsis armata, jaaka seedi sa dijo se se thusang go fokotsa go tlhagisiwa ga methane mo diphologolong tse di ruminants.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hughes|first=Lesley|date=2 September 2022|title=From designing clothes to refashioning cow burps: Sam’s $40 million career switch|pages=8–11|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/from-designing-clothes-to-refashioning-cow-burps-sam-s-40-million-career-switch-20220719-p5b2pn.html|access-date=22 March 2023}}</ref> Mo lefatsheng lotlhe, go rua diruiwa go dira 70% ya lefatshe lotlhe le le dirisediwang temothuo, kgotsa 30% ya lefatshe. Tsela e diruiwa di fepiwang ka yone le yone e ama go ungwa ga lefatshe mo isagweng. Go sa tsamaye sentle ga mafulo go ka dira gore mmu o se ka wa nna monate. Go oketsega ga dipolasi tsa leruo go ama mafelo a diphologolo tsa naga di nnang mo go one mme go dirile gore di fokotsege. Go fokotsa go ja nama le maswi ke tsela e nngwe e e molemo ya go fokotsa go ntshiwa ga digase tse di kotsi. Go feta halofo ya Ba-Yuropa (51%) ba ba botsoloditsweng ka 2022 ba tshegetsa go fokotsa palo ya nama le dikumo tsa mašwi tse batho ba ka di rekang go lwantsha phetogo ya tlelaemete - 40% ya Baamerika le 73% ya Ba-China ba ba arabileng ba ne ba ikutlwa ka tsela e e tshwanang.<ref name=":135">{{Cite web|title=2022-2023 EIB Climate Survey, part 2 of 2: Majority of young Europeans say the climate impact of prospective employers is an important factor when job hunting|url=https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/5th-climate-survey/climate-impact-important-factor-for-jobseekers.htm|access-date=2023-03-22|website=EIB.org}}</ref> Setheo sa Tikologo sa Stockholm se akantshitse gore thuso ya diruiwa e fedisiwe ka kgato ka kgato ka phetogo e e siameng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=just-transition-meat-sector|url=https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/just-transition-meat-sector.pdf}}</ref>{{Excerpt|Fertilizer|Contribution to climate change}} == Go kgothega ga mmu == [[Setshwantsho:Occurrences_of_Soil_erosion.jpg|thumb|Sekai sa kgothego e kgolo ya mmu ka ntlha ya temothuo.]] Temothuo e e dirwang ka selekanyo se segolo e ka dira gore mmu o senyege ka selekanyo se segolo. Diperesente di le 25 go ya go di le 40 tsa mmu o o senyegileng o felela mo metsweding ya metsi. Mmu o o nang le dibolayaditshenekegi le menontsha o kgotlela metsi a o tsenang mo go one. Bogolo jang kwa United States le kwa Yuropa, temothuo e kgolo e ile ya gola mme temothuo e nnye yone ya fokotsega ka ntlha ya dithulaganyo tsa madi tse di jaaka temothuo ya konteraka. Mo dipolaseng tse dikgolo go lema fela dijalo tse di rileng, go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e feteletseng, go senya dikgwa le go senya mmu. Patlisiso e e dirilweng ka 2020 ke International Land Coalition, mmogo le Oxfam le World Inequality Lab, e fitlhetse gore 1% ya beng ba lefatshe ba laola 70% ya lefatshe la temothuo. Pharologano e kgolo e fitlhelwa kwa Latin America, koo diperesente di le 50 tsa batho ba ba humanegileng thata ba nang le diperesente di le 1 fela tsa lefatshe. Beng ba lefatshe ba bannye, jaaka batho ka bongwe kgotsa malapa, ba rata go nna kelotlhoko thata fa ba dirisa lefatshe go feta beng ba lefatshe ba bagolo. Le fa go ntse jalo, go tloga ka 2020, palo ya beng ba lefatshe ba bannye e ntse e fokotsega fa e sa le ka bo1980. Gone jaanong, palo e kgolo ya dikgwebo tse dinnye e fitlhelwa kwa Asia le Afrika..<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 November 2020|title=1% of farms operate 70% of world's farmland|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/nov/24/farmland-inequality-is-rising-around-the-world-finds-report|access-date=25 November 2020|website=the Guardian}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_by_Economic_Sector.svg|thumb|Go ntshiwa ga digase tse di bakang go gotela ga lefatshe go go tswang mo mafapheng a a farologaneng a ikonomi go ya ka pego ya IPCC AR5. 3/4ths ya digase tse tse di ntshiwang di tlhagisiwa ka tlhamalalo, fa 1/4th di tlhagisiwa ke motlakase le go tlhagisiwa ga mogote go go tshegetsang lefapha.]] [[Setshwantsho:Greenhouse_gas_emissions_from_agriculture,_by_region,_1990-2010.png|alt=refer to caption and image description|thumb|Go ntshiwa ga digase tse di bakang go gotela go go tswang mo temothuong, go ya ka dikgaolo, 1990-2010]] j9vae0by60f6qse7nk6x1uu7wxkf1lk Marang Selolwane 0 8801 53350 43174 2026-07-27T12:53:50Z Lucrucia98 12161 53350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Marang Molosiwa|image=Marang Molosiwa in bots.png|birth_name=Marang Molosiwa Selolwane|birth_place=[[Botswana]]|alma mater={{ubl|University of Pretoria in 2013|University of Witwatersrand}}|occupation=Actress|known for=Host of leading children's TV programme|spouse=[[Dipsy Selolwane]]|children=2}} [[Setshwantsho:Marang Molosiwa is Bokang.png|thumb|Marang Molosiwa as "Bokang" on-line in 2020 in [[:en:MTV_Shuga|MTV Shuga]]]] '''Marang Rami Molosiwa''' (yo jaanong e leng '''Marang Selolwane;''' yo o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1991) ke modiragatsi wa [[Botswana]] yo e e neng e le mogasi wa lenaneo la television la ''Mantlwaneng''. O ne a tlhagelela mo ''[[MTV Shuga]]'' ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2020) e le ene modiragatsi fela go tswa Botswana. == Botshelo == Molosiwa o tlholega kwa kgaolong ya "[[Serowe]] [[Palapye]]" mme o goletse kwa [[Gaborone]]. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2002) e ne e setse e le modiragatsi mme a ya go ikoketsa dithuto moragonyana ko [[Unibesithing ya Pretoria]] kwa a alogileng teng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013)<ref>[https://www.zgr.net/en/wiki/marang-molosiwa-biography-age-career-net-worth/ Marang Molosiwa – Biography, Age, Career & Net Worth], Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> mo dithutong tsa drama le fa metswedi e mengwe e re [[Unibesithi ya Witwatersrand]]<ref name=":2">Daily News: [http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/mobile/news-details.php?nid=19683&flag= Face to face with Marang Molosiwa]". ''www.dailynews.gov.bw''. Retrieved 10/06/2023</ref>. O ne a itsege jaaka mogasi wa lenaneo la television la bana la ''Mantlwaneng''<ref name=":0">Co, Maverick Maven (2018-04-12). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190911091230/http://botswanaunplugged.com/10280/former-mantlwaneng-child-stars-who-rule-local-tv/ "Former Mantlwaneng child stars who rule local TV"]. ''BotswanaUnplugged''. Retrieved 2020-10-06.</ref><ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20211102025112/https://tswalebs.com/marang-molosiwa/marang-molosiwa-is-pregnant "Marang Molosiwa Is Pregnant".] ''TSWAlebs'' (in Sekgoa). Retrieved 2020-08-23.</ref>. ''Mantlwaneng'' e ne e le lenaneo le le tumileng ebile le itsege thata mo [[Botswana TV]] mme Molosiwa e ne e le mongwe wa bana ba ba kgatlhang go gaisa. Ene le [[Rea Kopi]], Phenyo Mogampane le StaXx ba tlhophile mebereko go ya ka maitemogelo a bone a pele<ref name=":2" /> O ne a tlhagelela mo seraleng sa bodiragatsi ka kgwedi ya Phatwe le kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) a eteletse pele badiragatsi ba bangwe kwa [[Artscape Theatre Centre]] <ref name=":3" /> [[Setshwantsho:Marang Molosiwa is Bokang.png|thumb|210x210px|Marang Molosiwa jaaka "Bokang" mo maranyaneng ka 2020 mo MTV Shuga.]] Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020) o ne a tlhophiwa go tsaya karolo mo tlhatlhologanyong ya metshameko ya television ya boditshabatshaba e bong [[MTV Shuga]] <ref name=":4">[https://www.news24.com/News24/Heritage-month-celebrations-20150826 "Heritage month celebrations"]. ''News24''. Retrieved 2020-10-06.</ref>. E ne e le tlhatlhologanyo ya metshameko e e rutang e itebagantse thata le go tsibosa ka mogare wa HIV.<ref>Admin. [https://www.thegazette.news/lifestyle/marang-molosiwa-bags-a-role-in-mtv-shuga/ "Marang Molosiwa bags a role in MTV Shuga"]. ''Botswana Gazette''. Retrieved 2020-08-23.</ref> O ne a diragatsa e le Bokang, mosetsana yo o tsenang le Dineo yo e leng gore go ya ka motshameko o ne a tsena Sekolo kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] mme a boela gae [[Botswana]]. O ne a kgona go tsenelela motshameko ka ba ne ba buwa ka maranyane ka nako ya [[tswalelelo mesepele ya coronavirus]]<ref name=":4" /> ''MTV Shuga'' e ne ya fetoga go nna tlhatlhologanyo ya metshameko e mekhutshwane e e bidiwang [[MTV Shuga Alone Together|''MTV Shuga Alone Together'']] e e neng e tlhagisa ka mathata a [[COVID-19|coronavirus]] ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome mabedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020). Metshameko e e ne e kwalwa ke [[Tunde Aladese]] le [[Nkiru Njoku]]<ref name=":1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4A2A8KD_vjU "SHUGA DEBATE - Lerato and Jezriel talk HIV Testing in a relationship"]. ''MTV Shuga''. April 2019. Retrieved 06-10-2023</ref> mme e ne ya gasiwa masigo a le masome a supa ka thotloetso ya [[Lekgotla la Ditshaba|United Nations]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CbLbfCphSyM "MTV Shuga: Alone Together | Episode 52"]. ''YouTube''. 21 July 2020. Retrieved 06-10-2023.</ref> Motseletsele ono o ne o le kwa Nigeria, Aforika Borwa, Kenya le Côte d'Ivoire mme kgang e ne ya tlhalosiwa ka metlotlo ya mo maranyane fa gare ga badiragatsi. Difilimi tsotlhe, go dira ditlolo, go bonesa, le dipaakanyo tse dingwe, di ne di dirwa ke badiragatsi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211009232045/https://www.everywomaneverychild.org/every-woman-every-child-partners-with-the-mtv-staying-alive-foundation-to-tackle-covid-19/ "Every Woman Every Child partners with the MTV Staying Alive Foundation to Tackle COVID-19"]. ''Every Woman Every Child''. 2020-04-16. Retrieved 06-10-2023</ref> ba ba akaretsang [[Lerato Walaza]], [[Mohau Cele]] le [[Jemima Osunde]].<ref>[https://www.dailysun.co.za/Celebs/mohale-joins-mtv-shuga-digital-series-20200630 "MOHALE JOINS MTV SHUGA DIGITAL SERIES".] ''DailySun''. Retrieved 22 August 2020</ref> E ne e le ene fela modiragatsi go tswa kwa Botswana.<ref name=":4" /> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Molosiwa o itsisitse fa ene le motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao yo o rotseng tiro [[Dipsy Selolwane]] ba tla nna le ngwana ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020). Yo e ne e le ngwana wa bobedi wa ga Selolwane. Ba ne ba na le dingwaga di le nne e le balekane. Bobedi jo bo nyalane ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021).<ref name=":0" /> == Kitso tlaleletso == * [[Dipsy Selolwane]] * [[Sasa Klaas]] * [[Charma Gal]] == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] 5xz2yg08docqkjgk63lob9fs45b5oxa Dorcus makgato malesu 0 8931 53406 49840 2026-07-27T20:50:35Z MmaBaggio 11091 53406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Dorcas Makgato-Malesu|image=Dorcas Makgato 2021 (cropped).jpg|caption=Makgato ka 2021|birth_place=Serowe, Botswana|nationality=Motswana|citizenship=Motswana|education=Sheffield University, BSc Hons in General Management in Catering Systems.}} '''Dorcus Makgato''' o tsholetswe mo motseng wa [[Serowe]], [[Botswana]].O goletse mo toropokgolo [[Gaborone|Gaborone.]]O berekile e le [[:en:Cabinet_of_Botswana|Tona mo khuduthamaga]] ya puso ya lefatshe la Botswana.E ne e le mongwe wa banana ba ba neng ba nale tsholofelo ebile e tshwaileng sesupo sa letsatsi la segopotso mo lefatshe la Botswana fa le ipelela [[:en:Independence_Day_(Botswana)|boipuso]] ba gwanta pele ga ga tautona wa ntlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borataro.Go simolola ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe ene ele [[:en:Ambassador|Moemedi]] wa lefatshe la Botswana kwa lefatsheng la [[Australia]]<ref>[https://www.womenlifthealth.org/profile/dorcas-makgato/ "Her Excellency Dorcas K. Makgato"]. ''WomenLift Health''. Retrieved 25 November 2024.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://govhouse.wa.gov.au/2023/08/discussing-was-ties-to-botswana/ "Discussing WA's ties to Botswana".] ''Government House Western Australia''</ref><ref>[https://protocol.dfat.gov.au/Public/Missions/29 "The Department - About us".] ''protocol.dfat.gov.au''. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 19 April 2021</ref> Makgetho Malesu o ne a wetsa tiro ya gagwe ya go nna Mokomishinara yo Mogolo wa Botswana kwa Australia ka ngwaga dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro mme a direla mo tirong eno ya bodipolomate dingwaga di le nne pele a boela kwa Botswana.<ref>Mathala, Sharon (11 March 2024)[https://www.mmegi.bw/news/makgatos-timely-return/news . "Makgato's timely return"]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 26 November 2024</ref> == Thuto == O tsene sekolo sa gagwe se segolwane kwa [[:en:Sheffield_University|Sheffield University]] mo lefatsheng la UK<ref name=":0" />kwa a feletseng a aloga mo dithutong tsa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|BSc]] Hons in General Management in Catering Systems. == Tiro == Makgato e ne e le [[:en:Chief_executive_officer|mookamedi mogolo]] wa [[:en:Export|dithoto tsa mafatshe a sele]] tsa [[Botswana]] le [[:en:Business_development|ditlhabololo]] le tsa [[:en:Investment_banking|dipeeletso]] tsa madi<ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/botswana/mmegi/20210122/281638192863283?srsltid=AfmBOor6ASi602iS2m-6ewhJr0X2rP2pBXRQac1SRmaQ3tlrNTWFdAoa. https://www.pressreader.com/botswana/mmegi/20210122/281638192863283?srsltid=AfmBOor6ASi602iS2m-6ewhJr0X2rP2pBXRQac1SRmaQ3tlrNTWFdAoa.] Retrieved 26 November 2024 – via PressReader.</ref> magareng ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa le wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe fa a neng a supa dikgoreletsi tsa dipeeletso le go ngoka Puso ya Botswana go dira diphetogo tsa maemo a a tokafaditsweng a peeletso, a a akaretsang go nna le seabe le go dirisana le bannaleseabe ba ba botlhokwa le lekalana la sephiri. O ne a dirisa maemo a Mokhuduthamaga wa bothati go fetola ditheo tsa go bereka ga mokgatlho le go tokafatsa mekgwa ya yone e e neng ya dira gore khamphani e nne nngwe ya balaodi ba ba kgatlhang thata ba go rotloetsa dipeeletso mo Aforika.<ref>Mokento, Kevin (22 January 2021). [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=88444&dir=2021/january/22 "Mmegi Online :: Reflections on Dorcas Makgato]". ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 19 April 2021.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231107103558/https://www.moh.gov.bw/news_events/Makgato_Farewell.html Ministry Of Health & Wellness, Botswana".] ''www.moh.gov.bw''. Retrieved 19 April 2021.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20231107103558/https://www.moh.gov.bw/news_events/Makgato_Farewell.html "Honorable Dorcas Makgato-Malesu"]. ''UWTSD & Ducere''. Retrieved 10 February 2022.</ref> Pele a tsenela botsamaisi jwa dipeeletso, Makgato o ne a bereka kwa [[:en:Barloworld_Limited|Barloworld Limited]] ele mokaedi wa ditirelo tsa kgwebo magareng ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa mme gape e ne e le mokaedi wa khuduthamaga wa franchise ya [[:en:Nashua_Corporation|Nashua]] o ne a ana le maikarabelo a kaelo ya togamaano le tiragatso ya kompone. Pele a tsena mo Barloworld o ne a le tlhogo ya Commercial le [[:en:Human_resource_management|Human Resource]] Division ya [[Air Botswana]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://ducere.education/faculty/hon-dorcas-makgato-malesu/ "Honorable Dorcas Makgato-Malesu"]. ''Ducere Business School | University''. Retrieved 25 November 2024</ref> Maitemogelo a gagwe a ile a thusa Makgato mo tirong e a neng a e dira pele kwa lephateng la kgwebo le madirelo. Nngwe ya maikaelelo a gagwe a magolo e ne e le go leka go dira gore Botswana e nne lefelo le le kgatlhang la go dira kgwebo mo lefatsheng lotlhe. O ne a solofela go dirisa maemo a gagwe go thusa naga go tsweletsa madirelo le kgwebisano e e tshwarelelang. Fa e sale a simolola tiro ya bodihedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome,o nonotshitse dikamano magareng ga Botswana le dinaga tsa boagisani mo borwa le botlhaba jwa Aforika, fa a ntse a tlhagisa maiteko a go tiisa boitshupo jwa Botswana mo madirelong a [[:en:Diamond|diteemane]] le a naga ka bophara.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140812202604/http://www.mti.gov.bw/content/minister-makgato-malesu-profile Minister Makgato-Malesu Profile | Ministry of Trade and Industry".] Mti.gov.bw. 1 February 2010. Archived from [http://www.mti.gov.bw/content/minister-makgato-malesu-profile the original] on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014</ref> E ne e le Tona ya Boitekanelo le Tona ya pele ya Kgwebo le Madirelo ka ngwaga wa 2014.<ref>[https://www.weforum.org/people/dorcas-makgato-malesu/ Dorcas Makgato-Malesu".] ''World Economic Forum''. Retrieved 19 April 2021</ref><ref>[https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/3868/Dorcas_Makgato Dorcas Makgato | Profile | Africa Confidential"]. ''www.africa-confidential.com''. Retrieved 19 April 2021</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220210123342/https://brandsouthafrica.com/botswana-launches-brand-strategy/ Mafika (24 May 2013). "Botswana launches brand strategy - Brand South Africa".] Retrieved 10 February 2022</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WL0910/S02208/cablegate-botswana-president-and-parliament-sworn-in.htm Cablegate: Botswana: President and Parliament Sworn In"]. ''www.scoop.co.nz''. 22 October 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2022</ref><ref name=":0" />O kgonne go etelela pele le go tlhama mekgatlho ya basadi, jaaka Women in Sports Botswana le BDP Woman's League.<ref name=":0" /> == Motswedi == <references /> == Dilinki tse di kwa ntle == * Facebook Page [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Mapolotiki a bomme a dingwaga tse dikete tse pedi le bongwe]] [[Karolo:Dialogane tsa Unibesithi ya Sheffield]] [[Karolo:Batho ba kgwebo ba Botswana]] r1ys0yah12v37x1z4i8sx9igcmi20k5 Bangwaketse 0 8978 53418 48660 2026-07-28T00:48:43Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Bangwaketse|named_for=|pushpin_map=Botswana|subdivision_name=Botswana|subdivision_type=Country|leader_title=|leader_name=|established_title=|established_date=|unit_pref=|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|population_as_of=2001|population_footnotes=<ref name=census>{{citation|author=Central Statistics Office|title=Distribution of population by sex by villages and their associated localities: 2001 population and h|url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=150|access-date=2009-12-27|date=2008-02-07|orig-year=2001|location=Gaborone, Botswana}}</ref>|population_total=|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|timezone=[[Central Africa Time]]|utc_offset=+2|timezone_DST=not observed|utc_offset_DST=+2|coordinates={{coord|24|59|S|25|21|E|display=inline,title}}|elevation_footnotes=<ref name=fallingrain>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/BC/0/Kanye.html|title=Kanye, Botswana Page|publisher=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc|access-date=2009-12-27|archive-date=2008-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217224458/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/BC/0/Kanye.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in Botswana|Geographical area code]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Botswana (country code +267) |url=http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/02/02/T020200001C0001MSWE.doc |author=Botswana Telecommunications Authority |publisher=International Telecommunication Union |access-date=2009-12-27 |date=2009-09-11 |format=DOC |work=National Numbering Plans |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mKyF8Dce?url=http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/02/02/T020200001C0001MSWE.doc |archive-date=2009-12-27 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} [[:en:Bangwaketse|'''Ba-Bangwaketse''']] (ba gape ba itsegeng jaaka BaNgwaketse, kgotsa Ngwaketse) ke bangwe ba merafe ee robang bobedi e megolo mo [[Botswana]], mme ke morafe wa Ba-Tswana.<ref>{{Cite book|pages=26}}</ref> (Tsela ya "Ba" kgotsa "Bo" mo maineng a merafe ya Aforika kwa borwa e raya "batho ba" kgotsa "batho bao ba buang". "Ma" e raya "motho wa".) [[Kanye]] ke motse wa ntlha wa Bangwaketse o o mo Kgaolo ya Borwa o o neng wa nna ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a matlhano le boraro (1853), o pele o neng o bidiwa Ntsweng Hill. Kgosi ya morafe o ke Kgosi Malope wa bobedi, yo eleng morwa Seepapitso wa bone.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Otlogetswe|first=Thapelo|title=History of the Bangwaketse|url=http://otlogetswe.wordpress.com/2011/09/23/402/|access-date=14 October 2012}}</ref> Morafe wa Bangwaketse o nna mo kgaolong komelelo ya dithaba tsa Borwa jwa Botswana e e umakilweng mo bukeng ya Cherub: Guardian Angel. E mo melelwaneng ya [[Moshupa]], [[Lobatse]], le [[Toropo ya Jwaneng|Jwaneng]], mme ke metsotso e le masome a mane le botlhano ka koloi go tswa kwa [[Gaborone]], motsemogolo wa lefatshe la [[Botswana]]. Motse o direlwa ke Boemafofane jwa [[Kanye]]. Go ne ga dirwa setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego sa lelwapa la bogosi jwa ga Ngwaketse ka digwaga tsa ketepedi le boraro go tsena ketepedi le botlhano (2003-2005): "The Queen's Courtyard". == Metse == {| class="wikitable" !Palo ya Batho 2022 !Palogotlhe !Monna !E namagadi |- |Ngwaketse |140,296 |67,909 |72,387 |- |Motse wa Kanye |48,028 |22,273 |25,755 |- |Motse wa Ranaka |3,207 |1,489 |1,718 |- |Motse wa Lotlhakane Bophirima |2,056 |944 |1,112 |- |Motse wa Gasita |1,188 |561 |627 |- |Motse wa Lorolwana |2,225 |1,007 |1,218 |- |Motse [[Kgomokasitwa]] |1,669 |823 |846 |- |Motse wa Pitseng |1,526 |704 |822 |- |Motse wa Lekgolobotlo |1,334 |639 |695 |- |Motse wa Seherelela |884 |403 |481 |- |Motse wa Lotlhakane |6,045 |2,751 |3,294 |- |Motse wa Sese |6,798 |3,469 |3,329 |- |Motse wa Sesung |1,006 |483 |523 |- |Motse wa Magotlhwane |1,751 |845 |906 |- |Motse wa Segwagwa |1,008 |479 |529 |- |Motse wa Manyana |3,750 |1,763 |1,987 |- |Motse wa Dipotsana |113 |67 |46 |- |Motse Diabo |261 |116 |145 |- |Motse wa Molapowabojang |8,722 |4,024 |4,698 |- |Motse wa Ralekgetho |554 |250 |304 |- |Motse wa Moshaneng |1,961 |906 |1,055 |- |Motse wa Moshupa |23,858 |11,097 |12,761 |- |Motse wa Ntlhantlhe |2,842 |1,326 |1,516 |- |Motse wa Tshwaane |193 |89 |104 |- |Motse wa Selokolela |1,750 |766 |984 |- |Motse wa Mogonye |1,081 |514 |567 |- |Motse wa Betesankwe |507 |255 |252 |- |Motse wa Gathwane |1,099 |528 |571 |- |Motse wa Digawana |4,356 |2,033 |2,323 |- |Motse wa Magoriapitse |1,048 |482 |566 |- |Motse wa Lejwana |829 |393 |436 |- |Motse wa Mogojogojo |981 |477 |504 |- |Motse Mmathethe |5,421 |2,445 |2,976 |- |Motse wa Mokgomane |847 |397 |450 |- |Motse wa Digawana |4,356 |2,033 |2,323 |- |Motse wa Magoriapitse |1,048 |482 |566 |- |Motse wa Lejwana |829 |393 |436 |- |Motse wa Mogojogojo |981 |477 |504 |- |Motse Mmathethe |5,421 |2,445 |2,976 |- |Motse wa Mokgomane |847 |397 |450 |} == Batho ba ba itsegeng == * [[Quett Masire]] - yo e kileng ya bo e le Tautona wa lefatshe la BotswanaPoresidente wa pele wa Botswana * Bathoen Gaseitsiwe - ''Kgosi'' ya BaNgwaketse le Moeteledipele wa Kganetso mo Ntlokokoanong ya Bosetšhaba[[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba]] * [[Archibald Mogwe]] - yo e kileng ya bo e le tona ya boditšhabatšhaba ya Botswana le yo e kileng e le Moemedi. * [[Mpule Kwelagobe]] - morekisi, mosadi wa kgwebo, mmotlelara le kgosigadi ya bontle go tswa kwa Gaborone, Botswana yo o neng a rwesiwa serwalo sa Miss Universe ka Motsheganong 1999. == Bona gape == * Lenaane la babusi ba Bangwaketse<ref>{{Cite web|title=The baNgwaketse (Tribe)|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/states/botswana/bangwaketse.html|access-date=14 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Setswana Bangwaketse|url=http://tlhalefang.com/setswana/bangwaketse.html|access-date=14 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ngcongco|first=Leonard|title=Aspects of the History of the Bangwaketse to 1910|url=http://yufind.library.yale.edu/yufind/Record/168701|website=dissertation|publisher=Dalhousie University|access-date=14 October 2012|archive-date=12 December 2012|archive-url=https://archive.is/20121212103004/http://yufind.library.yale.edu/yufind/Record/168701|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Metswedi == <references responsive="0"></references> == Dikarolo tse di kwa ntle == * [https://www.sundaystandard.info/khunwana-a-history-of-the-bangwaketse-part-xii/ "Khunwana: Hisitori ya Bangwaketse (Karolo XII) "], Sunday Standard''Sontaga se se Tlwaelegileng'' {{authority control}} [[Karolo:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Karolo:Merafe e e bonwang mo Botswana]] m90cy72c6b2ch6z900o59a00dfrma01 Donald Molosi 0 9287 53439 53293 2026-07-28T06:48:04Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Donald Molosi|birth_name=Donald Leungo Gosego Molutsi|birth_date=11 December 1985|birth_place=Mahalapye|nationality=Botswana|occupation=Actor, Writer, Playwright|years active=2002-present|awards=2016 50 Golden Jubilee under 40 Awards Gabz FM and Mail & Guardian|alma mater=Williams College, University of California Santa Barbara Brunel University}} '''Donald Leungo Gosego Molosi''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le lesome le motso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1985) Ke modiragatsi le mokwadi o tlholegang mo [[Botswana]] Rre Molosi o simolotse leoto la gagwe la bodiragatsi mo motshamekong wa [[:en:Off-Broadway|off-Broadway]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) ele [[:en:Philly_Lutaaya|Philly Lutaaya]] le mo motshamekong wa ''Today It's Me''<ref>[http://www.sundaystandard.info/molosi-gets-recognised-broadway MOLOSI GETS RECOGNISED ON BROADWAY] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170917033552/http://www.sundaystandard.info/molosi-gets-recognised-broadway Archived] 17 September 2017 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] ''Sunday Standard''. Retrieved 23 Mopitlo 2024.</ref><ref name=":0">[[:en:Donald_Molosi#cite_note-auto1-2|Interview with Donald Molosi]] ''Indie Activity''. Retrieved 15 September 2017.</ref> ele ene motswana wa ntlha go diragatsa ko off-Broadway.<ref>[[:en:Donald_Molosi#cite_note-3|Molosi reflects about his role in Khama's film]] ''Botswana Unplugged''. Retrieved 13 September 2017.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011), Re Molosi o fentse sekgele sa modiragatsi yo tshamekang a le nosi mo khutsong ya motshameko ko [[:en:United_Solo_Theatre_Festival|United Solo Theatre Festival]] ko a neng a diragatsa ele [[Seretse Khama]] mo motshahmekong wa ''Blue, Black and White''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Molosi#cite_note-4</ref>.Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013), Rre Molosi o ne a boela morago go ya go diragatsa ko off-Broadway mo motshahmekong wa ''Motswana: Africa, Dream Again''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Molosi#cite_note-5</ref>. O ne a tshameka seabe mo ditshwantshong tsa ''[[:en:A_United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]]'' (2016) a latedisa seabe sa moanelwa mogolo and ''Given'' (2009). Rre Molosi o kwadile a bo a gatisa tshidimoso metshameko ya gagwe ya off-Broadway, metshameko ya gagwe e akaretsa ''We Are All Blue'',<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Molosi#cite_note-auto-6</ref> ''Blue, Black and White''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Molosi#cite_note-auto-6</ref> and ''Motswana: Africa, Dream Again''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Molosi#cite_note-auto-6</ref> ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016). == Dithutego == Rre Molosi o tsene sekolo ko [[:en:Williams_College|Williams College]] ko lefatsheng la United States, ko a atlegileng ka setlankana sa [[:en:Double_major|double-major]] Bachelor of Arts [[:en:Degree_(education)|degree]] in theatre le Political Science<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Molosi#cite_note-:1-7</ref>. Rre Molosi o nale setlankana se se botlana sa [[:en:Classical_acting|Classical acting]] go tswa mo sekolong sa London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Molosi#cite_note-:1-7</ref> a o tshwere setlanka se segolwane sa Theatre and [[:en:Performance_Studies|Performance Studies]] ditshupo go tswa mo University of California Santa Barbara<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California_Santa_Barbara</ref>.ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021) Molosi o feditse setlankana sa thuthuntsho ya bokwadi ko [[:en:Brunel_University_London|Brunel University]] kwa United Kingdom, ka fa tlase ga lekalana le le ntshang madi a ithutuntsho a [[:en:Chevening_Scholarship|Chevening]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Molosi#cite_note-9</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele le kwa a goletseng teng == Donald Molosi o tsholetswe kwa [[Mahalapye]], [[Botswana]], ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le masome a matlhano le botlhano (1985(<ref name=":0" />mme a tsena sekolo sa Maru a Pula kwa Gaborone, Botswana, pele a tswelela ka dithuto tsa gagwe kwa London le United States of America. Go tswa bonyaneng, Molosi o ne a supa bokgoni jwa tlholego jwa go tshameka mme fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro , o ne a setse a le mo loetong le meletlo ya botsweretshi, go akaretsa le Maitisong Festival kwa Gaborone, le The Company Maitisong, koo Molosi gape a neng a kwala metshameko teng,<ref name=":1">[http://www.mmegi.bw/2004/June/Thursday24/2835465531965.html A piecing together of fragments] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 15 September 2017</ref>le National Arts Festival,<ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170916053332/https://thevoicebw.com/immortal-story-teller/ The immortal story teller] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916053332/https://thevoicebw.com/immortal-story-teller/|date=16 September 2017}} ''The Voice''. Retrieved 15 September 2017</ref>kwa Grahamstown, Afrika Borwa. Molosi o ne a tlhagelela mo radiong le mo thelebišeneng a sa le monnye mme a nna motho yo monnye go gaisa mo radiong jaaka mogasi wa radio kwa Yarona FM.<ref name=":0" /> O ne gape a dira mmogo le UNICEF jaaka moanedi wa bana mo Botswana Television ka nako ya UN International Children's Day of Broadcasting. Se se ne sa dira gore a nne nakwana kwa Radio Botswana 2 (RB2) ka fa tlase ga kaelo ya mogaka wa radio, One Rabantheng.<ref name=":2" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2002), Molosi o ne a kwala le go tshameka solo ya gagwe ya ntlha, Fragments,<ref name=":1" />e e neng ya tsamaisiwa ke motsamaisi wa Motswana yo o itsegeng Gao Lemmenyane a le dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa.<ref>[https://www.indieactivity.com/interview-donald-molosi/ "Interview with Donald Molosi"]. ''indieactivity''. 28 February 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2021.</ref>Fragments e theilwe mo ditshwanelong tsa bana kwa Botswana. Ka go akgolwa thata ke Fragments, Molosi o ne a lalediwa go ya kwa New York City kwa United Nations General Assembly Special Session on Children mme o ne a na le tiragatso e kgolo ya motshameko o le mongwe le baeteledipele ba lefatshe jaaka Mokwaledi Kakaretso wa pele wa UN Kofi Annan le Tautona wa pele wa Afrika Borwa Nelson Mandela ba le teng. <ref name=":2" />Molosi o ne a tsaya molaetsa wa Fragments go ya kwa pele go buelela ditshwanelo tsa bana ka pontsho ya gagwe ya maboko, Can I Live? (2002) go ya ka tlhaloso ya gagwe ya African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child.<ref name=":2" />Ka ntlha ya matsapa a gagwe a a gaisang le a a tlhomologileng mo ditirong, Molosi o amogetse Sir Seretse le Lady Ruth Khama Brilliant Spirit Award (2003) ke Motlotlegi Lt. Gen. Seretse Khama Ian Khama.<ref name=":2" />Fa a ne a le kwa sekolong se segolwane kwa Taft School kwa Watertown, Connecticut, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005), Molosi e ne e le mongwe wa baopedi ba babedi ba ba eteletseng pele mo setlhopheng sa a cappella Eccedoce mme o ne a tshameka mo ditshamekong tsa kgaolo tsa theatrical You Can't Take It With You le The Misanthrope.<ref name=":2" /> Ka nako ya fa Molosi a ne a le dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi , o ne a swetsa go fudugela kwa United States mme go ise go ye kae o ne a kwadisiwa kwa Williams College, e leng kholetšhe e e di gogang kwa pele ya Amerika ya Liberal Arts kwa Williamstown, Massachusetts, go ya go dira dikirii tse pedi tsa bachelor mo go tsa Theater le mo go tsa Saense ya Sepolotiki. Kgatlhego ya gagwe mo botaking le tiragatso e ne ya felela ka thesis e e neng ya bontsha dipontsho tsa pokoEmbodied, e e nang le ditshwantsho tsa ga Stefan Elrington le Maya Lama. Moragonyana Molosi o ne a ithuta le mofenyi wa Sekgele sa Academy Janet Suzman kwa London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA) kwa a neng a bona Graduate Diploma ya gagwe ya Classical Acting. Molosi ke moemedi wa Brand Botswana.<ref>[http://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-donald/ "10 Things You Didn't Know About Donald Molosi",] ''Botswana Youth''. Retrieved 12 September 2017.</ref> == Tiro == Molosi o fentse dikgele di le mmalwa tsa kgaolo, tsa bosetšhaba le tsa boditšhabatšhaba jaaka mokwadi wa diterama, motshameki le mokwadi. <ref>[http://www.indietheaternow.com/Playwright/donald-molosi Donald Molosi] ''Indie Theater Now''. Retrieved 10 September 2017.</ref>Mo godimo ga dikgele tsa gagwe tsa pele, o ne a fenya Best Actor kwa Dialogue One Festival kwa Massachusetts ka go tshameka Sir Seretse Khama ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008);<ref name=":3">[https://www.indieactivity.com/interview-donald-molosi/ "Interview with Donald Molosi".] ''indieactivity''. 28 February 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2020</ref>Sanford Prize for Excellence in Theatre 2009<ref name=":3" /> le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009) Florence Chandler Fellowship,<ref name=":3" />e e mo kgontshang go dira dipatlisiso tsa theatre go ralala lefatshe ka dikgwedi di le lesome le bobedi. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010), Molosi o ne a boela kwa New York kwa Off-Broadway, kwa a neng a atlega go dira dipontsho tse nne tsa gagwe, go akaretsa Blue, Black and White ka botshelo jwa ga Seretse Khama e e neng ya mo tlisetsa Moputso wa Molosi wa Actor Best ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011) le Today It's Me<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVl1tAQPkeo Donald Molosi (Clips from Today It's Me)] YouTube. Retrieved 16 September 2017.</ref> ka botshelo jwa naledi ya mmino wa kwa Uganda koo a neng a fenya Moputso wa Robert Potter Playwriting. <ref name=":2" /> Molosi o ne gape a le mo setlhopheng se se neng se tshameka kwa Moletlong wa Writivism wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) kwa Uganda koo a neng a galaletsa tiragalo eo ka go tshameka pina e nngwe gape e e tlhomologileng ya Today It's Me e e neng ya itumedisa bareetsi ba gagwe ba le bantsi kwa tiragalong eo. O ne gape e le motlhatlheledi wa Writivism wa bakwadi ba ba golang ba Aforika ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015).<ref>[https://writivism.org/2014/10/30/2015-writivism-mentors/ Writivism Mentors] ''Writivism''. Retrieved 17 September 2017</ref> Motswana Africa, Dream Again e ne ya dira gore Molosi a bone tumalano ya go gatisa ka Mantle Books ya We Are All Blue, Motswana: Africa, Dream Again le Blue, Black and White ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012).<ref name=":4">[http://www.botswanaguardian.co.bw/style/item/1778-donald-molosi-s-winning-plays-captured-in-one-volume.html Donald Molosi's winning plays captured in one volume Botswana Guardian.] Retrieved 10 September 2017.</ref>Molosi's Broadway credits include Motswana: Africa, Dream Again (2012) and Damn Yankees (2004). Ditshupo tsa gagwe tsa Hollywood tse di sa lekanyediwang go A United Kingdom (2016) le David Oyelowo,<ref name=":4" />Given (2009), Green Zone (2007), le mofenyi wa Academy-Award Matt Damon, le Breakfast in Hollywood (2006), le motshameki yo o gapileng sekgele Paul Boocock wa Law & Order,<ref name=":0" /> di atolosa tiro ya gagwe ya go nna motshameki. == Metswedi == 2iycorn3la1t173mn0yr93w8xuj7y69 Warona Setshwaelo 0 9367 53348 49416 2026-07-27T12:45:23Z Lucrucia98 12161 53348 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Warona Masego Setshwaelo''' O tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borataro (1976 (kgotsa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977) ke motswana gape ke modiragatsi. == Ka botshelo jwa gagwe. == Setshwaelo otshotse mo [[Gaborone]], Botswana o goletse kwa Ethopia,Swaziland,South Africa Le Botswana<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200924045623/https://yourbotswana.com/2020/01/05/the-rising-star-of-warona-setshwaelo-from-botswana-to-hollywood/ The rising star of Warona Setshwaelo] – from Botswana to Hollywood". Your Botswana. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.</ref> .Mme mmagwe ke moitsaanape wa tlhaloganyo fa rre rragwe ele mo polotiki rre Ephrain Setswaelo, onale kgaitsadie Marang<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201015114234/https://tswalebs.com/top-of-the/warona-setshwaelo/the-sensational-setshwaelo-sisters_368 "The sensational Setshwaelo sisters".] TSHWAlebs. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.</ref><ref>Gaotlhobogwe, Monkagedi (7 August 2007). "[https://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=7&aid=205&dir=2007/August/Tuesday7/// Mother won't watch son in Big Brother Africa"]. Mmegi. Retrieved 13 October 2020.</ref> .One a nna l;e kgatlehgo mo go tsa bobueledi gotswa dingwageng tse di botlana.One a fudugela kwa United States goya goithuta kwa [[:en:Virginia_Tech|Virginia Tech]], ko aneng a aloga ka setlankana segola sa Theater Arts. One a bereka ele setsolaganyi sa ditshwantsho tsa motshikinyego ebile gape ele mmegi mo radiong.Setshwaelo one a tsaa loeto la bodiragatsi le [[:en:Olney,_Maryland|Olney Maryland]] pele fa atsaa sthwetso ya boela gae Mo Botswana <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200924045623/https://yourbotswana.com/2020/01/05/the-rising-star-of-warona-setshwaelo-from-botswana-to-hollywood/ "The rising star of Warona Setshwaelo – from Botswana to Hollywood".] Your Botswana. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.</ref>. One yanna mongwe wa ba baneng bale mo [[:en:Big_Brother_Africa|Big Brother Africa]] ya ntlha go gatisiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003).Setswaelo ke mongwe wa ba baneng ba tshiwa mo ntlong ya Big Brother ka gosa dira sentle mme are a boela Gae atla a itsiwi le go fetisa. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007),Setswaelo one a fudugela ko Mon treal gotsweledisa bodiragatsi jwa gagwe<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200924045623/https://yourbotswana.com/2020/01/05/the-rising-star-of-warona-setshwaelo-from-botswana-to-hollywood/ "The rising star of Warona Setshwaelo – from Botswana to Hollywood]". Your Botswana. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.</ref>, one a diragatso makgetho ale mmalwa mo ditswantshong kwa Montreal jaaka ''Nutmeg, princes and New canadian Kid.''One atsaa karolo e potlana mo ''[[:en:White_House_Down|White Down House]]'' ele setswantsho sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013). Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong le kgwedi ya Tlhakole wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) Setswaelo one a etelela pele mo setswantshong sa botsogo ''The waiting Room ko Tarragon Theater Toronto''<ref>Jetelina, Margaret (9 January 2015). "[https://canadianimmigrant.ca/living/botswana-born-warona-setshwaelo-stars-in-tarragon-theatres-waiting-room Botswana-born Warona Setshwaelo stars in Tarragon Theatre's Waiting Room]". Canadian Immigrant. Retrieved 13 October 2020.</ref>''.'' Ka kgwedi ya phalane wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) one atsaa sebaka sa go tshameka ''Odette'' mo motshamekong wa ''state of Denial''<ref>Burke, Jim (9 October 2015). "[https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/theatre/review-state-of-denial-and-province-reveal-horrors-past-and-those-yet-to-come Review: State of Denial and Province reveal horrors past and those yet to come"]. [[:en:Montreal_Gazette|Montreal Gazette.]] Retrieved 13 October 2020.</ref>''.'' Setswaelo one a tshameka ele mogakolodi wa matsadi a maikutlo mo motshamekong wa [[:en:Quantico_(TV_series)|Quantico]]<ref>[https://www.botswanayouth.com/warona-setshwaelo-makes-a-big-acting-mark-in-a-us-television-series/ "Warona Setshwaelo Makes A Big Acting Mark In A US Television Series!".] Botswana Youth. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2020</ref>.One atshameka gapoe mo ''[[:en:On_the_Basis_of_Sex|On the Basis of Sex]]'' <ref>Wilson, Jill (4 October 2019)[https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/entertainment/arts/troubling-situation-somehow-manages-laughs-in-provocative-comedic-drama-562192012.html . "Laughs pulled out of troubling situation in provocative comedic drama"]. [[:en:Winnipeg_Free_Press|Winnipeg Free Press.]] Retrieved 13 October 2020.</ref>. One a tshameka mo ''Play Bang Bang''<ref>Wilson, Jill (4 October 2019). "L[https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/entertainment/arts/troubling-situation-somehow-manages-laughs-in-provocative-comedic-drama-562192012.html aughs pulled out of troubling situation in provocative comedic drama]". [[:en:Winnipeg_Free_Press|Winnipeg Free Press.]] Retrieved 13 October 2020.</ref> ''ele mmagwe rre Lila Hines yo ne akile ebo ele lepodise mo motshamekong yo.'' Leina lagagwe Warona ka sejatlhapi lare "Ours", mo godimo ga godiragatsa mo setshwantshong sa motshikinyego orata go apaa le gobala<ref>[https://www.news24.com/News24/Introducing-the-BBA-housemates-20030525 "Introducing the BBA housemates".] News24. 25 May 2003. Retrieved 13 October 2020.</ref>.Onna le molekane wa gagwe , Mike Piyette gammogo le morwadia bone ebong Khaya. == Tsa setshwantsho sa motshikinyego == * 2003: ''Big Brother Africa'' (TV Series, as herself) * 2009: ''Enemy Combatant'' (Short film, as Amy Dyer) * 2011: ''Jack of Diamonds'' (as Receptionist Kala) * 2012: ''Deadfall'' (as Female Paramedic) * 2013: ''White House Down'' (as School Teacher) * 2014: ''19-2'' (TV series, as Depanneur Owner) * 2014: ''Northpole'' (as Jasmine) * 2016: ''Quantico'' (TV Series, as Trauma Counselor) * 2016: ''This Life'' (TV Series, as Registrar Employee) * 2017: ''The Disappearance'' (TV Mini-Series, as Obstetrician) * 2018: ''Death Wish'' (as Nurse Carla) * 2018: ''Birthmarked'' (as TV Talk Show Host) * 2018: ''The Death & Life of John F. Donovan'' (as Mother) * 2018: ''The Detectives'' (as Sylvie Teague) * 2018: ''On the Basis of Sex'' (as Gladys) * 2019: ''Deadly Secrets'' (TV Series, as DeCynda) * 2020: ''Transplant'' (TV Series, as Lavondra Kelly) == Metswedi == 5peudl92z3czdhbrkptwbefr84b4msl Busang Kebinatshipi 0 9420 53405 37067 2026-07-27T20:43:34Z MmaBaggio 11091 53405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sportsperson|name=Busang Collen Kebinatshipi|nationality=[[Botswana]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|2004|2|13|df=yes}}|sport=[[Track and Field|Athletics]]|event=[[400m]]|medaltemplates=<!-- see [[Template:MedalRelatedTemplates]] --> {{MedalCountry | {{BOT}} }} {{MedalCompetition | [[IAAF World Relays|World Relays]] }} {{MedalGold|[[2024 IAAF World Relays|2024 Nassau]]|[[2024 IAAF World Relays – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay|4×400&nbsp;m relay]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[African Games]]}} {{Medal|Silver|[[2023 African Games|2023 Accra]]|[[Athletics at the 2023 African Games – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay|4x400&nbsp;m relay]]}} {{Medal|Silver|2023 Accra|[[Athletics at the 2023 African Games – Mixed 4 × 400 metres relay|Mixed 4x400&nbsp;m relay]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[2022 African Championships in Athletics|2022 Saint Pierre]]|[[2022 African Championships in Athletics – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay|4×400 m relay]]}} {{Medal|Gold|2022 Saint Pierre|[[2022 African Championships in Athletics – Mixed 4 × 400 metres relay|Mixed 4×400 m relay]]}} {{Medal|Competition|[[World Athletics U20 Championships|World U20 Championships]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[2021 World Athletics U20 Championships|2021 Nairobi]]|[[2021 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay|4×400 m relay]]}} {{Medal|Competition|[[African U20 Championships in Athletics|African U20 Championships]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[2023 African U18 and U20 Championships in Athletics|2023 Ndola]]|400 m hurdles}} {{Medal|Gold|2023 Ndola|4x400 m relay}}|show-medals=yes}} '''Busang Collen Kebinatshipi''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Tlhakole a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone(2004) ke motabogi yo o tswang kwa Botswana. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro, o ne a nna mampodi wa Aferika wa lebelo la dimetara dile makgolo a mane mo go ba ba dingwaga tse di ka fa tlase ga masome a mabedi.<ref>"[https://worldathletics.org/athletes/botswana/busang-collen-kebinatshipi-14935809 B.Kebinatshipi]". ''World Athletics''. Retrieved 21 August 2023.</ref> == Tiro == O fentse seetsele sa gauta mo lebelong la dimetara dile makgolo a mane kwa dikgaisanyong tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro tsa Aferika tsa ba ba kwa tlase ga dingwaga tse di lesome le boferabobedi le ba ba kwa tlase ga dingwaga tse di masome a mabedi kwa Ndola, Zambia a tlhoma rekote ya dikgaisanyo tseo ka nako ya disekonte di le 44.91. Kebinatshipi e ne e le leloko la setlhopha sa motabogo wa neelano sa 4x400m sa borre sa Botswana, se se neng sa fenya gauta kwa dikgaisanyong tsa World Athletics U20 Championships kwa [[Nairobi]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230821155435/https://gambakwe.com/2021/08/23/mokgweetsi-masisi-congratulates-4x400m-relay-team-for-winning-a-gold-medal-at-the-world-under-20-athletics-championships/ Mokgweetsi Masisi congratulates 4x400m relay team for winning a gold medal at the World under-20 athletics championships]". ''gambakwe.com''. August 23, 2021.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, o ne a isa nako ya gagwe e e gaisang kwa tlase mo lebelong la dimetara tse makgolo a mane go ya kwa disekonteng tse 45.20.<ref>"[https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/road-cali-tebogo-clayton-wanyonyi-topic Road to Cali 22 – the state of play with one month to go]". ''World Athletics''. 1 July 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2023.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, o ne a fenya digauta e le leloko la setlhopha sa motabogo wa neelano sa 4x400m sa borre sa Botswana le se se tlhakaneng sa 4x400m kwa 2022 African Championships.<ref>Kolantsho, Calistus (June 4, 2022). "[https://www.mmegi.bw/ampArticle/103830 Strong team for Africa Senior Champs]". ''mmegi.bw''.</ref><ref>"[https://guardiansun.co.bw/sports/athletics/new-crop-of-athletes-emerge New crop of athletes emer]ge". ''Guardian Sun''. June 17, 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2023.</ref> O fentse lebelo la dimetara tse lekgolo kwa mabelong a 2023 African U18 le U20 Championships kwa Ndola, Zambia, ka Moranang wa 2023, a taboga rekote ya bokopano joo ya 44.91.<ref>"[https://nation.africa/kenya/sports/athletics/kenyans-impress-in-africa-athletics-junior-event-4219680 Kenyans impress in Africa Athletics Junior]". ''nation.africa''. May 1, 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20231002102846/https://sportronics.co.zm/Results/NDOLA2023/event037h01.html 400m Results]". ''sportronics.co.zm''. 29 April 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosio ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro , o ne a taboga 45.01 go fenya bokopano jwa mafatshefatshe kwa Hengelo, Netherlands a fenya lebelo le le neng le na le batabogi ba mafatshefatshe , ba akaretsa [[Vernon Norwood]] le [[Zakithi Nene]].<ref>Jonckheere, Karien (6 June 2023). "[https://supersport.com/athletics/general/news/6dbab343-eb3b-4dc4-9da3-4a5e22c4fca6/africa-watch---kipyegon-wr-leads-african-charge AFRICA WATCH - Kipyegon WR leads African charge]". ''Supersport.com''. Retrieved 21 August 2023.</ref> Fa a taboga kwa dikgaisanyong tsa 2023 World Athletics Championships kwa Budapest, o ne a isa nako ya gagwe e gaisang mo lebelong la dimetara di le makgolo a mane kwa tlase kwa go 44.80 go fetela kwa seka-magaolakgannyeng.<ref>"[https://www.watchathletics.com/page/4551/men-s-400m-results-world-athletics-championships-2023 Men's 400m Results: World Athletics Championships 2023]". ''Watch Athletics''. 20 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.</ref> == Metswedi == 781l4exo4sedxme7dw4p978ru4l72g2 Kgosi 0 10445 53397 52096 2026-07-27T18:53:57Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "__LEAD_SECTION__" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334547460|Kgosi]]" 53397 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Kgosi_Leruo_Tshedkedi_Molotlegi.jpg|thumb|''Kgosi'' [[Leruo Molotlegi|Leruo Tshekedi Molotlegi]], kgosi ya [[Setšhaba sa Segosi sa Bafokeng|Morafe wa Bafokeng wa Segosi]]]] '''{{Lang|tn|Kgosi}}''' ( /ˈ k oʊ i / ; ) ke leina la moeteledipele wa setso sa batho ba [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] le ba Aforika Borwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kgosi dictionary definition {{!}} kgosi defined |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kgosi |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=www.yourdictionary.com}}</ref> == Tiriso == Kgosi ke lefoko [[Setswana|la Setswana]] le le kayang "bogosi" kana <nowiki>''</nowiki>Kgosi<nowiki>''</nowiki>. Go ka tsenngwa dintlha tse di farologaneng mo lefokong le go fetola bokao jwa lone: go tsenya ''tlhogo di-'' go oketsa seloko gore go nne ''[[wiktionary:dikgosi|dikgosi]]'' ; mogatlana wa bosadi ''[[wiktionary:-gadi#Tswana|-gadi]] o'' fetola lefoko go nna kgosigadi; mme mogatlana wa ''[[wiktionary:-golo#Tswana|-kgolo]]'' o kayang "bogolo", e tlhama ''[[wiktionary:kgosikgolo|kgosikgolo]]'', lefoko le le kayang "moeteledipele yo mogolo". Ke leina le gantsi le fiwang batho ba maemo mo Botswana le mafatshe a a mabapi kwa go nang le batho ba ba buang Setswana teng. Kantoro ya boeteledipele jwa morafe e bidiwa ''bogosi'' fa motho yo o tsayang kantoro ele ''kgosi.'' == Ditiro == Molao wa Bogosi wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi o tlhalosa dithata tsa kgosi. Go ya ka molao wa Bogosi, kgosi ya morafe o na le ditiro di le mmalwa: go tsamaisa morafe, go rulaganya dikopano tsa [[wiktionary:kgotla|kgotla]], le go sala melawana le kgakololo tsa puso ya bosetšhaba le maloko a morafe morago. Dikgosi tsa merafe e boferabongwe ya Batswana di nna maloko a [[Ntlo ya Dikgosi tsa Botswana|Ntlo ya Dikgosi]], sehlopha se se nayang kgakololo mo Palamente ya Botswana.<ref>[[Palamente ya Botswana|Palamente ya Botswana - Wikipedia]]</ref> Kgosi e na le bokgoni jwa go tlhopha ''mothusa Kgosi'' yo o dirang jaaka motshwarelela moeteledipele fa kgosi ene a sa kgone go dira tiro ya gagwe ka nakwana. <ref>[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFGovernment_of_Botswana2008|Government of Botswana 2008,]] p.&nbsp;4.</ref> Se se farologana le ''bogosi jwa motshwarelela'', ofisi e e tlhamiwang fa kgosi a palelwa ke go dira tiro ya gagwe ruri mme go tlhokega kgosi yo o tla emisetsang. <ref>[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFGovernment_of_Botswana2008|Government of Botswana 2008,]] p.&nbsp;3.</ref> Molao ono o ne wa tshwaiwa phoso ke baeteledipele ba morafe ka ntlha ya go lekanyetsa maatla a kgosi. <ref>[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFGabzfm2011|Gabzfm 2011.]]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , Kgosi Kgafela II wa morafe wa Kgatla o ne a latofadiwa ka go kgwathisa, mme o ne a ngangisana gore kgosis e na le kgololosego go tswa mo pusong ya puso. Kgotlatshekelo ya Makgaolakgang ya Botswana e ne ya gana kgetsi eo ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le bongwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe, e bolela gore "dikgosi ga di ka ke tsa dira kwa ntle ga molaotheo le melao e e beilweng ke Palamente fa badiredi ba bangwe botlhe ba puso ba dira ka fa tlase ga ditekanyetso tsa molao".<ref>[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012,]] p.&nbsp;157.</ref> Go tila ditshenyegelo tsa semolao tsa kgetse, Kgafela o ne a fudugela kwa Moruleng, Afrika Borwa. <ref>[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFLetswamotse2012|Letswamotse 2012.]]</ref> == Metswedi == == __LEAD_SECTION__ == [[File:Kgosi_Leruo_Tshedkedi_Molotlegi.jpg|thumb|''Kgosi'' [[Leruo Molotlegi|Leruo Tshekedi Molotlegi]], kgosi ya [[Setšhaba sa Segosi sa Bafokeng|Morafe wa Bafokeng wa Segosi]]]] '''{{Lang|tn|Kgosi}}''' ( {{IPAc-en|'|k|oʊ|s|i}} ;{{IPA|tn|ˈkχʊ.si|link=yes}} Pitso ya lefoko ka [[Tswana|Setswana]]: [[ˈkχʊ.si|ˈ[kχʊ.si]]]) ke maemo boeteledipele a boswa a morafe wa batho ba [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] le ba Aforika Borwa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kgosi dictionary definition {{!}} kgosi defined |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kgosi |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=www.yourdictionary.com}}</ref> 1urjg71htpjfrbrmlsmyy83ryhe45s3 53398 53397 2026-07-27T18:55:34Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Info already exists 53398 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Kgosi_Leruo_Tshedkedi_Molotlegi.jpg|thumb|''Kgosi'' [[Leruo Molotlegi|Leruo Tshekedi Molotlegi]], kgosi ya [[Setšhaba sa Segosi sa Bafokeng|Morafe wa Bafokeng wa Segosi]]]] '''{{Lang|tn|Kgosi}}''' ( /ˈ k oʊ i / ; ) ke leina la moeteledipele wa setso sa batho ba [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] le ba Aforika Borwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kgosi dictionary definition {{!}} kgosi defined |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kgosi |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=www.yourdictionary.com}}</ref> == Tiriso == Kgosi ke lefoko [[Setswana|la Setswana]] le le kayang "bogosi" kana <nowiki>''</nowiki>Kgosi<nowiki>''</nowiki>. Go ka tsenngwa dintlha tse di farologaneng mo lefokong le go fetola bokao jwa lone: go tsenya ''tlhogo di-'' go oketsa seloko gore go nne ''[[wiktionary:dikgosi|dikgosi]]'' ; mogatlana wa bosadi ''[[wiktionary:-gadi#Tswana|-gadi]] o'' fetola lefoko go nna kgosigadi; mme mogatlana wa ''[[wiktionary:-golo#Tswana|-kgolo]]'' o kayang "bogolo", e tlhama ''[[wiktionary:kgosikgolo|kgosikgolo]]'', lefoko le le kayang "moeteledipele yo mogolo". Ke leina le gantsi le fiwang batho ba maemo mo Botswana le mafatshe a a mabapi kwa go nang le batho ba ba buang Setswana teng. Kantoro ya boeteledipele jwa morafe e bidiwa ''bogosi'' fa motho yo o tsayang kantoro ele ''kgosi.'' == Ditiro == Molao wa Bogosi wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi o tlhalosa dithata tsa kgosi. Go ya ka molao wa Bogosi, kgosi ya morafe o na le ditiro di le mmalwa: go tsamaisa morafe, go rulaganya dikopano tsa [[wiktionary:kgotla|kgotla]], le go sala melawana le kgakololo tsa puso ya bosetšhaba le maloko a morafe morago. Dikgosi tsa merafe e boferabongwe ya Batswana di nna maloko a [[Ntlo ya Dikgosi tsa Botswana|Ntlo ya Dikgosi]], sehlopha se se nayang kgakololo mo Palamente ya Botswana.<ref>[[Palamente ya Botswana|Palamente ya Botswana - Wikipedia]]</ref> Kgosi e na le bokgoni jwa go tlhopha ''mothusa Kgosi'' yo o dirang jaaka motshwarelela moeteledipele fa kgosi ene a sa kgone go dira tiro ya gagwe ka nakwana. <ref>[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFGovernment_of_Botswana2008|Government of Botswana 2008,]] p.&nbsp;4.</ref> Se se farologana le ''bogosi jwa motshwarelela'', ofisi e e tlhamiwang fa kgosi a palelwa ke go dira tiro ya gagwe ruri mme go tlhokega kgosi yo o tla emisetsang. <ref>[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFGovernment_of_Botswana2008|Government of Botswana 2008,]] p.&nbsp;3.</ref> Molao ono o ne wa tshwaiwa phoso ke baeteledipele ba morafe ka ntlha ya go lekanyetsa maatla a kgosi. <ref>[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFGabzfm2011|Gabzfm 2011.]]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , Kgosi Kgafela II wa morafe wa Kgatla o ne a latofadiwa ka go kgwathisa, mme o ne a ngangisana gore kgosis e na le kgololosego go tswa mo pusong ya puso. Kgotlatshekelo ya Makgaolakgang ya Botswana e ne ya gana kgetsi eo ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le bongwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe, e bolela gore "dikgosi ga di ka ke tsa dira kwa ntle ga molaotheo le melao e e beilweng ke Palamente fa badiredi ba bangwe botlhe ba puso ba dira ka fa tlase ga ditekanyetso tsa molao".<ref>[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012,]] p.&nbsp;157.</ref> Go tila ditshenyegelo tsa semolao tsa kgetse, Kgafela o ne a fudugela kwa Moruleng, Afrika Borwa. <ref>[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFLetswamotse2012|Letswamotse 2012.]]</ref> == Metswedi == 1ondgvu7148eocrr1k1ftrjlwkk0yw3 Dipheretlhego tsa letso kwa Chicago ka 1919 0 10624 53433 47083 2026-07-28T05:51:57Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53433 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Chicago_Race_Riot_1919_stoning.png|thumb|Kgotlhang magareng ga basweu le bantsho ba Amerika]] Dipheretlhego tsa letso kwa Chicago ka 1919 e ne e le kgotlhang e e setlhogo magareng ga basweu ba Amerika le bantsho ba Amerika e e simolotseng kwa South Side ya Chicago, Illinois, ka Phukwi a le masome mabedi le bosupa mme ya fela ka Phatwe a le gararo, 1919.<ref name=":0">Lee, William (July 19, 2019). [https://www.chicagotribune.com/history/ct-1919-chicago-riots-100th-anniversary-20190719-k4dexppvd5c6bkqbfwhgxfiacy-story.html "'Ready to Explode': How a Black Boy's Drifting Raft Triggered a Deadly Week of Riots 100 Years Ago in Chicago"]. ''Chicago Tribune''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.</ref> Ka nako ya dipheretlhego, batho ba le masome mararo le boferabobedi ba ne ba tlhokafala (masome a mabedi le boraro ba le bantsho le ba le lesome le botlhano ba basweu).<ref>Sandburg, Carl (2005). [http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/11045.html "The Chicago Race Riots, July 1919"]. ''The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago''. Chicago Historical Society. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.</ref> Mo bekeng eo, dikgobalo tse di bakwang ke dikgotlhang tsa go rotlhela di ne di le makgolo a matlhalo le masome a mararo le bosupa, bobedi-mo-borarong ya bantsho le bongwe-mo-borarong ya basweu; mme baagi ba ba magareng ga sekete le kete tse pedi, bontsi jwa bone e le bantsho, ba ne ba latlhegelwa ke magae a bone. Ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka e e tswelelang le ditlamorago tse di anameng tsa itsholelo, e tsewa e le dipheretlhego tse di maswe thata le dikhuduego tsa selegae go ralala Amerika ka nako ya 'Red Summer' ya 1919, e e bidiwang jalo ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka ya yona ya semorafe le ya badiri. Gape e ne e le nngwe ya dipheretlhego tse di maswe thata mo ditsong tsa Illinois. Mo tshimologong ya 1919, tikologo ya loago ya sepolotiki ya Chicago go dikologa setshaba sa yone sa bantsho se se golang ka bonako e ne e le nngwe ya dikgotlhang tsa semorafe tse di bakilweng ke bosemorafe jo bo sa feleng, kgaisano magareng ga ditlhopha tse dintsha, go phutlhama ga itsholelo le diphetogo tsa loago tse di bakilweng ke Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya ntlha. Ka khudugo e kgolo, diketekete tsa Baafrika ba Amerika go tswa kwa borwa jwa Amerika ba ne ba nna gaufi le mafelo a bafaladi ba Yuropa kwa South Side ya Chicago, gaufi le ditiro mo madirelong a diphologolo, madirelo a go paka nama le madirelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, Ba-Ireland ba bogologolo ba ne ba sireletsa ka bogale baagisani ba bone le maatla a bona a sepolotiki kgatlhanong le botlhe ba ba sa tswang go goroga.<ref>Cohen, Adam; Taylor, Elizabeth (2000). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20070811024349/http://www.chicagohistory.info/stories/daley/racism.html Richard J. Daley: A Separate World (page 7), excerpt from ''American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley – His Battle for Chicago and the Nation''".] ''Chicago History Information''. chicagohistory.info. Archived from [http://www.chicagohistory.info/stories/daley/racism.html the original] on August 11, 2007. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025. </ref> Morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya ntlha le dikgotlhang tsa selegae di ne tsa gola mo mebarakeng ya badiri le ya matlo. Go tlala le go oketsega ga kganetso ya Aferika le Maamerika kgatlhanong le kgethololo ya semorafe, segolo thata ke bagale ba ntwa, go ne ga nna le seabe mo kgotlhang ya semorafe, fela jaaka ditlhopha tsa merafe ya basweu tse di sa thibelwang ke mapodisi. Pheretlhogo e e ne ya nna teng ka nako ya mogote wa selemo ka polao ya ga Eugene Williams wa dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa, mosha wa Moafrika wa Amerika yo ka phoso a neng a tsene mo lefelong la go thuma la basweu kwa lotshitshing lo lo tlhaotsweng ka tsela e e seng ga semmuso gaufi le 29th Street.[tsebe e ya tlhokega] Setlhopha sa basha ba MaAferika a Amerika ba ne ba tlola go tswa mo sekepeng sa dimetara di le lesome le bone ka boferabongwe se ba neng ba se agile. Fa sekepe seo se ne se kgweetsa mo lefelong le le seng la semmuso la ‘lotshitsi le lesweu’, motho mongwe yo mosweu yo o neng a ya le foo o ne a galefa; o ne a simolola go tika makau ka majwe, a itaya Williams, mo go neng ga dira gore mosha yo a nwele.<ref>Loerzel, Robert (July 23, 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210604210529/https://www.chicagomag.com/chicago-magazine/august-2019/1919-race-riot/ "Blood in the Streets"]. ''Chicago Magazine''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.</ref> Fa batho ba bantsho ba ne ba ngongorega ka gore basweu ba ne ba ba tlhasela, thubakanyo e ne ya oketsega mo mafelong a boagisani. Dikgotlhang magareng ga ditlhopha di ne tsa tsoga ka bonako, mo go neng ga nna malatsi a dikhuduego. Baagisani ba bantsho gaufi le mafelo a basweu ba ne ba tlhaselwa, ditlhopha tsa basweu di ne tsa tsena mo mafelong a bantsho, mme badiri ba bantsho ba ba yang le go boa kwa tirong ba ne ba tlhaselwa. Ka nako eo, batho bangwe ba bantsho ba ne ba rulaganya go ganetsa le go sireletsana, mme bangwe ba basweu ba ne ba batla go thusa baagi ba bantsho, mme Lephata la Sepodisi la Chicago gantsi le ne le itlhokomolosa ntwa. Ratoropo wa Chicago William Hale Thompson o ne a na le motshameko wa brinksmanship le Mmusi wa Illinois Frank Lowden o o ka nnang wa gakatsa dikhuduego, ka gonne Thompson o ne a gana go kopa Lowden go romela Illinois Army National Guard malatsi a le mane, le fa Lowden a ne a biditse batlhokomedi, ba rulagantswe mo dibetsaneng tsa Chicago mme ba ipaakanyeditse go thusa. Morago ga dikhuduego, Lowden o ne a bitsa Chicago Commission on Race Relations, komiti e e sa tseyeng letlhakore, go batlisisa dilo tse di bakang le go akanya ditharabololo tsa dikgotlhang tsa semorafe. Bokhutlo jwa bone bo gatisitswe ke University of Chicago Press jaaka ''The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot''. Tautona wa Amerika Woodrow Wilson le Congress ya Amerika ba ne ba leka go rotloetsa melao le mekgatlho go fokotsa go se utlwane ga letso kwa Amerika. Mmusi Lowden o ne a tsaya dikgato di le mmalwa ka kopo ya ga Thompson go tima dikhuduego le go rotloetsa kutlwano e kgolo morago ga yone. Dikarolo tsa ditiro tsa Chicago di ne tsa tswalwa malatsi a le mmalwa ka nako le morago ga dikhuduego go emisa kopano magareng ga ditlhopha tse di ganetsanang. Thompson o ne a dirisa kamano ya gagwe le dikhuduego go tlhotlheletsa ditlhopho tsa sepolotiki tsa moragonyana. Nngwe ya ditlamorago tse di nnelang ruri e ka tswa e ne e le ditshwetso mo ditshabeng tsa basweu le bantsho go batla pharologano e kgolo ya semorafe.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 43z57r1kzjx2r2v4qu4e6c4nd5w6qtf Ignatius Shixwameni 0 11313 53458 44279 2026-07-28T10:40:02Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53458 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ignatius Nkotongo Shixwameni''' ( o o tshotsweng ka Lwetse a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa 1966 a tlhokafala ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome ngwaga wa 2021) e ne e le mopolotiki wa kwa [[Namibia]]. E ne e le moeteledipele wa phathi ya sepolotiki ya [[All People's Party.]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://myafrica.allafrica.com/view/organization/main/id/0A-aOB3VF9J4wiVs.html |title=Organization Details: All People's Party (APP) |access-date=2025-10-14 |archive-date=2025-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251017112246/http://myafrica.allafrica.com/view/organization/main/id/0A-aOB3VF9J4wiVs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Botshelo Jwa gagwe == Shixwameni o tsholetswe kwa [[Shambyu]], bogosi jwa ngwao kwa [[Kgaolo ya Kavango|kgaolong ya Kavango]], o alogile ka Master of Arts go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa [[University of Havana]] a dira matshelo a batho kwa gae. Shixwameni e ne e le moeteledipele wa baithuti wa [[mokgatlho wa baithuti ba Namibia]] (Nanso) ka boipuso,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051611/http://www.namibiansun.com/content/national-news/veterans-act-not-inclusive-and-discriminates-shixwameni Veterans Act not inclusive and discriminates - Shixwameni] Archived 5 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine. namibiansun.com, from 25 October 2012</ref> o nnile gape moeteledipele wa lekgotla la banana la [[SWAPO]] go tswa ka 1987 go tsena 1999, a nna gape leloko la komiti ya legare ya SWAPO go tswa ka 1992 go tsena 1997. O tlhophilwe go ya palamenteng ka 1999 e le leloko la phathi,o ne a nna leloko la phathi ya kganetso ya Congress of Democrats (CoD) ka 2000 e le moeteledipele wa yone. Shixwameni o ne a ithola marapo mo phathing ya Congress of Democrats ka Morule 2007, ene le maloko a mangwe a le masome mabedi le motso.<ref>[https://www.namibian.com.na/2007/December/national/07D521CA3A.html Shixwameni, 21 others quit CoD] Archived 15 August 2007 at [[:en:Archive.today|archive.today]] ''The Namibian'', 17 December 2007</ref> O ne a tlhama phathi e ntšha ya All People's Party, e le lekgamu le le duleng mo [[Congress of Democrats]] kgwedi e e latelang. Ka Phalane 2009, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna ntlhopheng wa botautona wa phathi eo.<ref>[https://www.thevillager.com.na/articles/3931/Shixwameni-won-t-mind-leaving/ Shixwameni won’t mind leaving] Archived 4 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine. thevillager.com.na, from 1 May 2013</ref> O nea nyetse a na le bana ba babedi, a nna kwa [[Windhoek.]] Shixwameni o tlhokafetse ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome ngwaga wa 2021, morago ga go wa kwa palamenteng.<ref>Smith, Sonja (10 November 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20211110091823/https://www.namibian.com.na/107177/read/APP-President-dies "APP president dies".] ''The Namibian''. Archived from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2025.</ref> == Metswedi == g15r34ezn8613zp6estm4owbcw9phdg Moshupa-Manyana 0 11553 53384 51078 2026-07-27T16:16:42Z MmaBaggio 11091 53384 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moshupa-Manyana''' ke kgaolo ya botlhophi mo [[Botswana]] e e emetsweng kwa [[Palamenteng ya Bosetshaba ya Botswana]] ke [[Karabo Gare]] yo e leng mopalamente wa phathi ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP) e bile e le modulasetilo wa phathi ya BDP go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi . == Porofaele ya kgaolotlhopho == Moshupa-Manyana ke kgaolo ya botlhophi e bontsi jwa yone e leng kwa magaeng a a mo kgaolong e e thata ya borwa-botlhaba jwa Botswana. Sebaka sa kgaolotlhopho se tletse ka granite e e kwa tlase, di-koppies tse di nang le makhubu le mekgatšha ya dinoka tsa dipaka. <ref>[https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/location "Location | Botswana Tourism Organisation"]. ''www.botswanatourism.co.bw''. Retrieved 2025-05-15.</ref><ref>Ndala Marumo, Mompoloki; Lebitsa, Gabatsoswe; Malumbela, Goitseone (15 September 2024). [https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jceu.2024.35 "Geotechnical Characterization of the Manyana Black Cotton Soils in Botswana".] ''Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism''. '''14''' (3S): 318–324. doi:10.54203/jceu.2024.35.</ref>Bontsi jwa malwapa a dira temo e e tlhakaneng (dipodi, dikoko le dijwalo tse di jewang ka pula) kgotsa ba ya kwa [[Kanye]], kwa moepong wa teemane wa [[Toropo ya Jwaneng|Jwaneng]], kgotsa kwa [[Gaborone]] go ya tirong. Setilo se, se se neng se itsege ka leina la Moshupa go fitlha ka ngwaga wa wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, se ntse se le teng ka mokgwa mongwe fa e sale ka ditlhopho setshaba tsa ntlha tsa lefatshe leno ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano, mme seo se dira gore e nne nngwe ya dikgaolo tsa Botswana tse di sa bolong go nna teng. Moshupa-Manyana ke motse wa phemelo wa phathi ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP). Ke nngwe ya dikgaolo tse pedi fela tse di leng teng mo Botswana tse di iseng di ko di buse Mopalamente go tswa mo diphathing tse di fetang bongwe, tse dingwe e le tsa boagisanyi tsa [[Thamaga-Kumakwane]]. Mo ditlhophong dingwe le dingwe fa e sale ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano, BDP e ntse e tlhopha ditlhopho tse di fetang 50% tsa ditlhopho tsa batho, e le yone fela kgaolotlhopho mo nageng e BDP e dirileng jalo mo go yone. Botshelo jwa sepolotiki mo kgaolong ya botlhophi bo ntse bo amana thata le lelapa la ga Masisi, lengwe la malapa a a tlhageletseng thata mo dipolotiking mo Botswana.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2018-04-03-who-is-botswanas-new-president-mokgweetsi-masisi/ "Who is Botswana's new President Mokgweetsi Masisi?".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 2018-04-03. Retrieved 2025-05-15.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250808224839/https://www.sundaystandard.info/there-has-always-been-a-masisi-in-parliament-since-1965/ "'There has always been a Masisi in parliament since 1965' | Sunday Standard".] 2019-12-03. Retrieved 2025-05-15.</ref>Modipolomate, tona ya kabinete le radipolotiki wa tiro [[Edison Masisi]] o ne a dira jaaka Mopalamente dingwaga di le masome a mararo (1965–1999) mme morwawe, Tautona wa isago [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], o ne a nna mo setilong seo go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go fitlha a tsaya maemo a bo Tautona ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi. Go tlhatlosiwa ga ga [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] go nna tautona go tlhagisitse phelelo e e bonalang ya morwa yo o ratiwang: kwa ditlhophong tsa tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe karolo ya ditalama tsa BDP e ne ya tlhatlogela kwa diperesenteng di le masome a robabobedi le botlhano(go tswa go diperesente di le mase a matlhano le bone ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone( se se dirileng gore Moshupa-Manyana e nne setulo se se babalesegileng go gaisa mo nageng, ka BDP e fentse bontsi jwa setulo ka diperesente di le masome a supa. Se e ne e le lantlha mo ditsong tsa ditlhopho tsa Botswana gore kgaolo e e babalesegileng go gaisa e se nngwe ya dikgaolo tse di tlhomameng go dikologa motsemogolo wa Ngwato wa [[Serowe]]. Go relela ga lefatshe ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe go tlisitswe gape ka ntlha ya go tlhomamisa sešwa ka bophara go go bakilweng ke go wela fa fatshe ga ga tautona Masisi le tautona wa pele le Ngwato [[Kgosi]] (kgosi e e kwa godimo) [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]], mo go neng ga baka go fetoga go go gakgamatsang kgatlhanong le BDP kwa karolong e e kwa bokone ya Khama mme ka go lekana go ne ga oketsa thata tshegetso ya borwa.<ref>Brown, Chris (2020-08-15). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03057070.2020.1778901 "Botswana Votes 2019: Two-Party Competition and the Khama Factor"]. ''Journal of Southern African Studies''. '''46''' (4): 703–722. Bibcode:2020JSAfS..46..703B. doi:10.1080/03057070.2020.1778901. ISSN 0305-7070.</ref><ref>Chutel, Lynsey (2019-10-25). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/25/world/africa/botswana-election-mokgweetsi-masisi.html "Botswana Election Won by President, Despite Rift with Predecessor"]. ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2025-05-15.</ref><ref>Friesen, Paul (2019-11-06). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/11/06/botswanas-ruling-party-won-again-this-makes-consecutive-victories/ "Analysis | Botswana's ruling party won again. This makes 12 consecutive victories".] ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2025-05-15.</ref> Le fa go ne go na le swing e e maatla ya lefatshe ka bophara kgatlhanong le BDP ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone-fa lekoko le ne le latlhegelwa ke dikgaolotlhopho di le masome a mararo le bone mo go tse masome a mararo le botobabobedi tse le neng le di fentse ka ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe—Moshupa-Manyana e ne ya nna mo diatleng tsa BDP ka bontsi jwa yone ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe bo itshupile bo sa kgone go fenngwa. Setilo seo, mmogo le sa [[Thamaga-Kumakwane]], e ne e le sengwe sa dikgaolotlhopho tse pedi fela tse BDP e fentseng ka bontsi jo bo feletseng jwa ditalama mo ditlhophong tseo. Kgaolotlhopho e bontsi jwa yone e leng kwa magaeng e akaretsa mafelo a a latelang<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250826203516/https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf ''2022 DELIMITATION COMMISSION REPORT'' (PDF).] 2022.</ref> # [[Moshupa]] # [[Manyana, Botswana|Manyana]] # [[Lotlhakane West]] # Ralekgetho # [[Pitseng]] # Seherelela # [[Sesung]] # [[Bikwe]] # [[Mogonye]] # Lekgolobotlo # [[Ranaka]] # [[Ntlhantlhe]] # [[Kgomokasitwa]] # Magotlhwane == Metswedi == gvtzdy867qfkobbeunf6pgr3gyztlgf Faida Mitifu 0 11800 53445 44605 2026-07-28T08:09:57Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Faidu Mitifu|birth_date=Mopitlo a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa 1959|occupation=Moemedi wa mafatshe|image=DRC Ambassador to the United States Faida Mitifu (cropped).jpg}} '''Faida Maramuke Mitifu''' ( o o tshotsweng ka Mopitlo a le lesome leborataro ngwaga wa 1959)<ref name=":0">Kisangani, Emizet François (2016). ''Historical dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo''. Historical dictionaries of Africa (Fourth ed.). London: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-7315-3|<bdi>978-1-4422-7315-3</bdi>.]]</ref> e ne e le moemedi wa lefatshe la [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] kwa [[USA|United States]], go tswa ka 1998 go tsena 2015. Faida Mitifu o tshotswe ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a a lesome le borataro ngwaga wa 1959 kwa Bukavu, Kivu kwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251016172307/http://myafrica.allafrica.com/view/people/main/id/07SDggoymygpbuG5.html "allAfrica.com: myAfrica"]. ''myafrica.allafrica.com''. Retrieved 2025-10-31</ref> E ne e le ene a motona mo baneng ba le lesome ba morutabana wa sekolo se sebotlana.<ref name=":1">[https://cla.auburn.edu/news/articles/auburn-graduate-and-accomplished-diplomat-discusses-her-time-working-in-foreign-service/ "Auburn graduate and accomplished diplomat discusses her time working in foreign service".] ''cla.auburn.edu''. 2021-10-15. Retrieved 2025-10-31</ref> Mitifu o ithutetse biochemistry kwa [[Université Nationale du Záire]] kwa [[Kinshasa]], a aloga gape ka master's degree ya dithuto tsa French go tswa kwa [[Auburn University]] kwa [[Alabama]] ka 1988, le doctorate ya diteme tsa marato go tswa kwa [[University of Georgia]] kwa [[Athens]] ka 1994.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> O rutile kwa University of Georgia go tswa ka 1994 go tsena 1997, le kwa [[Columbus State University]] kwa Columbus, [[Georgia]] go tswa ka 1997 go tsena 1998.<ref name=":1" /> Fa a le kwa [[USA|United States]], Mitifu e ne e le leloko la [[All North American Conference on Zaire]] (ANACOZA), setlhopha sa barutuntshi ba Congo kwa United States ba ba neng ba le kgatlhanong le puso ya ga [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]. Fa [[Laurent Kabila]] a nna tautona, o ne a tlhopha maloko a ANACOZA a le mane mo maemong a a kwa godimo, ba akaretsa Mitifu.<ref name=":0" /> O gorogile kwa [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] e le moemedi ka Phukwi a le masome mararo ngwaga wa 1998, malatsi a le mabedi pele ga [[ntwa ya bobedi ya Congo]] e simologa.<ref>Séphocle, Marilyn (2000). [[iarchive:thentheyweretwel0000seph|''Then, they were twelve: the women of Washington's Embassy Row''.]] Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96833-5|<bdi>978-0-275-96833-5</bdi>.]]</ref> Fa tlogela maemo ao ka 2015, e ne e le mongwe wa baemedi ba ba berekileng ka lobaka kwa Washington.<ref name=":0" /> O ithotse marapo ka Ngwanatsele 2015, a tlhama FMM Consulting Services, e e rotloetsang dipeeletso mo [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == ow0twsmibhegd41fakystwtbso92eb2 Gabriel Kyungu 0 11805 53448 47433 2026-07-28T08:56:43Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Gabriel Kyungu wa Kumwanza|office=Tautona wa palamente ya kgaolo ya Haut-Katanga|term_start=Tlhakole a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa 2021|term_end=Phatwe a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2021|office1=Molaodi wa Shaba|term_start1=1991|term_end1=Moranang 1995|predecessor1=Bonaventure Konde Vila Kikanda|successor1=Benjamin Thadée Ngoie Mulume|office2=Molaodi wa Katanga|term_start2=Mopitlo 1997|term_end2=Moranang 1997|predecessor2=Benjamin Thadée Ngoie Mulume|successor2=[[Gaétan Kakudji]]|birth_date=Phalane a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 1938|birth_name=Antoine Gabriel Kyungu Wa Kumwanza|death_date=Phatwe a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2021|death_place=[[Luanda]] [[Angola]]|nationality=Congolese|party=UNAFEC}} '''Antoine Gabriel Kyungu wa Kumwanza''' (o o tshotsweng ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 1938 a tlhokafala ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2021) e ne e le mopolotiki wa kwa Congo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241203162431/https://depeche.cd/2021/08/22/rdc-24-octobre-1938-21-aout-2021-voici-la-biographie-de-kyungu-wa-kumwanza/ "RDC : 24 octobre 1938- 21 août 2021, voici la biographie de Kyungu wa Kumwanza"]. ''Dépêche.cd'' (in French). 22 August 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2025</ref><ref>Wa Kamanda, Kamanda (22 August 2021). [https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20210822-rdc-l-homme-politique-gabriel-kyungu-wa-kumwanza-est-d%C3%A9c%C3%A9d%C3%A9 "RDC: l'homme politique Gabriel Kyungu wa Kumwanza est décédé".] ''Radio France Internationale'' (in French). Retrieved 31 October 2025</ref> == Tsa Pereko == E le leloko la [[UNAFEC]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210824225602/https://www.politico.cd/encontinu/2021/02/17/rdc-lunafec-veut-plus-de-securite-pour-son-president-national-gabriel-kyungu.html/77283/ "RDC: l'UNAFEC veut plus de sécurité pour son Président National Gabriel Kyungu".] ''Politico.cd'' (in French). 17 February 2021. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2025</ref> o berekile e le tautona wa palamente ya kgaolo ya Haut-Katanga go tswa ka Tlhakole a le masome mabedi go tsena Phatwe a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2021,<ref>[https://www.radiookapi.net/2021/02/19/actualite/politique/haut-katanga-le-bureau-definitif-de-lassemblee-provinciale-sera "Haut-Katanga : le Bureau définitif de l'assemblée provinciale sera installé samedi 20 février".] ''Radio Okapi'' (in French). Haut-Katanga. 19 February 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2025</ref> a nna tautona wa khansele ya tsamaiso ya [[Société nationale des chemins de fer du Congo]] go tswa ka 2019 go tsena 2021,<ref>[https://zoom-eco.net/a-la-une/rdc-sncc-les-nouveaux-mandataires-notifies-12-mois-apres-leur-nomination/ "RDC : SNCC, les nouveaux mandataires notifiés 12 mois après leur nomination !".] ''Zoom Eco'' (in French). 25 June 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2025</ref><ref>Bujakera Tshiamala, Stanis (4 June 2019). [https://www.jeuneafrique.com/784169/economie-entreprises/rdc-des-nominations-tres-politiques-a-la-tete-de-la-gecamines-et-de-la-sncc/ "RDC : des nominations très politiques à la tête de la Gécamines et de la SNCC".] ''Jeune Afrique'' (in French). Kinshasa. Retrieved 31 October 2025</ref> a bereka gabedi e le molaodi wa [[Shaba/Katanga]], go tswa ka 1991 go tsena 1995 le 1997. == Loso == O tlhokafetse ka ntlha ya COVID-19 ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2021 kwa [[Luanda]], a le dingwaga di le masome a robabobedi le bobedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250722032108/https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/22/dr-congo-mourns-founder-of-the-ruling-party-udps/ "DR Congo mourns founder of the ruling party UDPS".] ''Africanews''. 22 August 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2025</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Kyungu e ne e le bontlha jwa morafe wa [[Luba]].<ref>[http://ipsnews.net/francais/2004/05/25/politique-rd-congo-reactions-negatives-a-la-nomination-des-nouveauxgouverneurs-de-provinces/ "Politique-RD Congo : Réactions négatives à la nomination des nouveaux gouverneurs de provinces".] ''Inter Press Service'' (in French). Kinshasa. 24 May 2004. Retrieved 31 October 2025</ref><ref>Nugent, Paul; Hammett, Daniel; Dorman, Sara (2007). ''Making Nations, Creating Strangers: States and Citizenship in Africa''. Brill. ISBN [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=Aj5yAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y <bdi>978-90-04-15790-3</bdi>.]</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Christophe Mboso N'Kodia Pwanga]] * [[Jeannine Mabunda]] * [[Évariste Boshab]] == Metswedi == 8bjp75e7b6pqhkhfulkyq7w477j5h7m Celestine Donkor 0 11970 53429 49023 2026-07-28T04:10:36Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|Name=Celestine Donkor|Birth_name=Celestine Donkor|Occupations=Moopedi, Mokwala-dipina|spouse=Kofi Donkor}} '''Celestine Donkor''' ke moopedi wa dipinastsa gospel kwa [[:en:Ghanaian|Ghana]] le mokwadi wa dipina.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=640&mode=biography "Celestine Donkor"]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. Retrieved 2020-02-25.</ref><ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage//GNGMA-19-Celestine-Donkor-crowned-Artist-of-The-Year-871525 "GNGMA 19: Celestine Donkor crowned Artist of The Year"]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. Retrieved 2020-02-25</ref> Ka Mopitlwe 2021, o ne a le mo gare ga Basadi ba ba moasome a mararo ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo mminong ke [[:en:3Music_Awards|3Music Awards]] Women's Brunch.<ref>[https://www.myjoyonline.com/amaarae-cina-soul-gyakie-adina-theresa-ayoade-others-named-in-3music-awards-top-30-women-in-music-list/ "Amaarae, Cina Soul, Gyakie, Adina, Theresa Ayoade, others named in 3Music Awards' Top 30 Women in Music list - MyJoyOnline.com"]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. Retrieved 2021-03-18.</ref> O ne a tlhoma Celestial Praise, konsarata ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya mmino wa Gospel.<ref>[https://citinewsroom.com/2021/03/3music-awards-organisers-name-top-30-women-in-music/ "3Music Awards organisers name Top 30 Women in Music"]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2021-03-18.</ref> == Botshelo le dithutego== Donkor o tsholetswe mo lelapeng la ga Rre le Mmè Akakpo, ka bobedi ba tswa kwa [[:en:Volta_Region|kgaolong ya Volta ya Ghana]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200225125819/https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/celestine-donkor-gospel-musician-says-her-mum-tried-to-abort-her/khf7gj4 "Gospel musician says her mum tried to abort her"]. ''Entertainment''. 2016-06-22. Retrieved 2020-02-25.</ref><ref>[https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/7745/who-is-celestine.html "Who is Celestine?"]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 2020-02-25.</ref> O simolotse dithuto tsa gagwe tsa sekolo sa poraemari kwa St Augustine Preparatory school kwa Abeka Lapaz mme a tswelela kwa Nsaaniya Secondary Business School kwa [[:en:Kasoa|Kasoa]] kwa a neng a fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe tsa sekolo se segolwane. O ne a ya kwa [[:en:University_of_Ghana|Yunibesithing ya Ghana, Legon]] koo a neng a bona [[:en:BA_(Hons)|BA (Hons)]] Sociology and Information studies.<ref>Hypers, Gospel. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200225125818/https://www.gospelhypers.com/2020/02/gospel-artist-profile-biography.html "Gospel Artist Profile & Biography – Celestine Donkor | Gospel Hypers"]. ''Africa's No1 Gospel Music Marketing Agency and Entertainment Blog • Gospel Hypers''. Archived from [https://www.gospelhypers.com/2020/02/gospel-artist-profile-biography.html the original] on 2020-02-25. Retrieved 2020-02-25.</ref> == Tiro ya kopedi == Donkor o ne a dirisana le diopedi tse dintsi tsa mmino wa gospel,<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Celestine-Donkor-performs-at-Adom-Praiz-588873 "Celestine Donkor performs at Adom Praiz"]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. 8 October 2017. Retrieved 2020-02-25.</ref> go akaretsa [[:en:Joe_Mettle|Joe Mettle]], [[:en:Joyce_Blessing|Joyce Blessing]], [[:en:Ceccy_Twum|Ceccy Twum]], Mkhululi Bhebhe, [[:en:Edem_(rapper)|Edem]], Philipa Baafi, [[:en:Funny_Face_(comedian)|Funny Face]].<ref>[https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/48527/joe-mettle-celestine-donkor-lord-kenya-lead-pent.html "Joe Mettle, Celestine Donkor, Lord Kenya Lead Pentecost Gospel Concert"]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 2020-02-25.</ref> O na le dipina tse dintsi tse di tumileng,<ref>Shem, Shemcy (2018-08-17). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200225125818/https://yen.com.gh/114277-top-trending-celestine-donkor-songs.html "Top trending Celestine Donkor songs"]. ''Yen.com.gh - Ghana news''. Retrieved 2020-02-25.</ref> go akaretsa "Turning around", "Bigger", "Okronkronhene", "Manim Nguase", "Boobobo". Alebamo ya gagwe ya bofelo ya Agbebolo e ne ya mo fa leina la Artist of the year kwa National Gospel Music Awards.<ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-music/celestine-donkor-wins-gospel-artist-of-year-at-ngma-2019.html "Celestine Donkor wins Gospel Artist of the Year at NGMA 2019"]. ''Graphic Showbiz Online''. Retrieved 2020-02-25.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200225125820/https://worshippersgh.com/celestine-donkor-crowned-the-overall-gospel-artist-of-the-year-at-ngma19-full-list/ "Celestine Donkor crowned the overall gospel artist of the year at NGMA19 (Full List)"]. ''WorshippersGh''. 2020-02-19. Archived from the original on February 25, 2020. Retrieved 2020-02-25.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Donkor o nyetse mme o na le bana ba le bararo ba basetsana.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Celestine-Donkor-and-her-husband-renew-their-wedding-vows-at-Celestial-Praiz-2017-535324 "Celestine Donkor and her husband renew their wedding vows at Celestial Praiz 2017"]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. 5 May 2017. Retrieved 2020-02-25.</ref> == Metswedi == 42mj1g121v16c5i3f9b2jk7tj949foz Ineza Umuhoza Grace 0 12643 53460 47238 2026-07-28T10:45:35Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Ineza Umuhoza Grace|image=Ineza Umuhoza Grace- GTC Rwanda.jpg|caption=Senepe sa ga Ineza se se dirisiwang mo National Geographic Explorer|birth_date=1996|birth_place=[[Kigali]] [[Rwanda]]|occupation=Molweladitshwanelo tsa bomme, moitseanape wa tikologo, molweladitshwanelo wa tsa seemo sa loapi|notable works=The Green Protector|url=https://www.thegreenprotector.org/|website=The Green Protector}} '''Ineza Umuhoza Grace''' (o o tshotsweng ka 1996) ke molweladitshwanelo tsa bomme, tsa loapi le tikologo go tswa kwa [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]]. Ke moeteledipele wa The Green protector,<ref>[https://thegreenprotector.org/ "The Green Protector".] ''The Green Protector''.</ref> morulaganyi wa bokopano jwa banana jwa Loss and Damage<ref name=":1">[https://ldyouth.org/ "Loss and Damage Youth Coalition".] ''Loss and Damage Youth Coalition''.</ref>, le mothusa mosekaseki wa thulaganyo ya CCLAD.<ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260120215044/https://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/ "Climate Change Loss and Damage".] ''Climate Change Loss and Damage''.</ref> E ne e le mofenyi wa seetsele sa [[Global Citizen]] ka 2023.<ref>[https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/prize/ "Global Citizen Prize".] Global Citizen.</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Grace o tsholetswe a bo a godisiwa kwa Kigali, Rwanda. Morwalela o ne wa tsaya ntlo ya ga bone a le dingwaga di le tlhano, [[CNET]] e mmega fa a na le maiphitlhelo a tatlhegelo le tshenyegelo;<ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230311145305/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/impact/article/ineza-umuhoza-grace-advocate-educator-climate-change "This ecofeminist inspires young people to take action"]. ''Impact''. 2023-03-08. Archived from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/impact/article/ineza-umuhoza-grace-advocate-educator-climate-change the original] on March 11, 2023. Retrieved 2026-01-27</ref><ref>Collins, Katie (January 11, 2022). [https://www.cnet.com/science/climate/features/heartbreaking-loss-climate-crisis-spurs-push-for-compensation/ "'Heartbreaking' loss: Climate crisis spurs push for compensation in 2022".] ''CNET''.</ref> dibetsa tsa tlholego di tshwana le merwalela di tlwaelesegile thata kwa Rwanda.<ref name=":3" /> Grace o tlhamile setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego - ka thuso ya madi ya ba [[National Geographic Society]] - go rutuntsha banana ka dikgang tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi.<ref>''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CW3MrS72w8M What Is An Eco-feminist? Explorer Ineza Umuhoza Grace, National Geographic UK]'', retrieved 2026-01-27</ref> Grace o alogile ka Bachelor's Degree ya tsa metsi le tikologo ka 2018 kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa [[University of Rwanda]].<ref name=":4">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260213191421/https://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/team/ineza-grace/ "Ineza Umuhoza Grace: Curriculum Vitae"]. ''CCLAD''. Retrieved 2026-01-27</ref> Morago ga go aloga, o ne a ithutela ditherisano tsa seemo sa phetogo ya loapi kwa sekolong sa [[United Nations Institute for Training and Research]] (UNITAR) le tsa kgwebo kwa African Women Enterprise Cooperation.<ref>[https://www.weareawec.org/ "African Women Entrepreneurship Cooperation".] ''African Women Entrepreneurship Cooperation''.</ref><ref name=":5">[https://explorers.nationalgeographic.org/404 "Explorer Directory: Ineza Umuhoza Grace".] ''explorer-directory.nationalgeographic.org''. Retrieved 2026-01-27</ref> == Tsa tiro == Grace o simolotse go nna le kgatlhego mo ditirelong tsa tekatekano ya lefatshe, jaaka tshomarelo ya letšha la Congo, ka nako ya fa e le mongwe wa baemedi ba banana kwa bokopanong jwa [[United Nations General Assembly|United Nations]] jwa go kganela go nna sekaka (UNCCD), le e le moithuti wa thulaganyo ya Moremi ka 2017.<ref>[https://moremiinitiative.org/ "Moremi Initiative".] ''Moremi Initiative''.</ref><ref name=":6">Mbabazi, Joan (29 March 2023). [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6216/news/environment/one-environmentalists-drive-to-get-youth-to-be-climate-actors "One environmentalist's drive to get youth to be climate actors".] ''The New Times''. Retrieved 27 January 2026</ref> O ne a tlhama The Green Fighter<ref name=":0" /> ngwaga o o, e morao e neng ya fetolwa leina go nna The Green Protector,<ref name=":0" /> ka go tlhaloganya botlhokwa jwa go akaretsa banana.<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/ineza-grace-umuhoza-impact-driven-leader-elevating-youth-climate-engagement</ref> Pele, The Green Protector<ref name=":0" /> e ne e ikaelela go phutha banana mo lekalaneng la tshireletso tikologo go tlhama tikologo e e sireletsegileng botoka mo setšhabeng. Maikaelelo a lekgotla le ga a fetoga, mme jaanong a diriwa lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>[https://thinklandscape.globallandscapesforum.org/collection/ineza-umuhoza-grace/ "Ineza Umuhoza Grace".] ''#ThinkLandscape''. Retrieved 2026-01-27</ref> Lekgotla la The Green protector<ref name=":0" /> le rotloetsa go tlhamiwa ga dirala tsa magokanyane a banana, go akarediwa, go akanya ka go tlhama, dikgato tsa seemo sa loapi le thuto ya tsa tikologo, le amana le dikolo tse di farologaneng di le masome mabedi le botlhano le tse dikgolwane tsa ithutelo ditiro.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230417203317/https://www.thegreenprotector.org/our-story/ "Our Story – The Green Protector".] Archived from the original on 2023-04-17. Retrieved 2026-01-2026</ref> Le dirile gore Grace a kgone go bereka le banana ba ka nna dikete di le tharo, makgolo a matlhano, fa godimo ga go rulaganya letsatsi la go phepafatsa, go tlosa polaseteke mo setšhabeng le go tshwara dipuisano ka maranyane gareng ga baithuti ba sekolo se segolwane sa University of Rwanda le sa [[South-West University]] kwa [[China]] ka diphetogo tsa seemo sa loapi.<ref>Mbabazi, Joan (2023-03-29). [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6216/news/environment/one-environmentalists-drive-to-get-youth-to-be-climate-actors "One environmentalist's drive to get youth to be climate actors".] ''The New Times''. Retrieved 2026-01-27</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2018, Grace e ne e le mmueledi wa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi wa baemedi ba [[Rwanda]] kwa bokopanong jwa United Nations, kwa a berekileng e le monana o o ka buang ka dintlha tsa botlhokwa di tshwana le phetogo ya seemo sa loapi mo pusong.<ref name=":4" /> Maiphitlhelo a ga Ineza a pele a UNITAR a mo thusitse mo maemong a.<ref name=":5" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2019, o ne a nna monana wa boeteledipele mo Aforika mo setlhopheng sa masome a mararo le botlhano, kwa a neng a rutelwa go nna moeteledipele wa tlhwatlhwa mo Aforika a nna motho o o nang le thotloetso e kgolo mo setlhopheng sa Kigali.<ref>[https://www.globalshapers.org/hubs/kigali-hub "Global Shapers- Kigali Hub".] ''Global Shapers- Kigali Hub''.</ref> Maemo a a ne a mo letla go kopana le baeteledipele kwa Kigali go rotloetsa melao ya thuto, phiro, botsogo le tikologo.<ref name=":4" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2020, Grace o ne a fiwa dithuso tsa madi tsa JWH<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230606130122/http://www.jwhinitiative.org/participants/ineza-grace/ "JWH Initiative- Ineza Grace".] ''JWH Initiative''.[''permanent dead link'']</ref> - o ne a dirisa madi a go tsaya karolo mo ikatisetso tiro kwa [[Global Green Growth Institute]], kwa a neng a thusa go tlhama dithulaganyo fa a eme nokeng go nna le seabe ga banana mo tikologong ya Rwanda le melao ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref name=":4" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2020, Grace e ne e le bontlha jwa setlhopha se se simolotseng tirisano mmogo ya Loss and Damage Youth Coalition,<ref name=":1" /> bokopano jwa banana ba feta makgolo a marataro go tswa kwa mafatsheng a feta masome a marataro.<ref>EWTN. [https://www.aciafrica.org/news/6888/make-youth-active-stakeholders-in-the-fight-against-climate-change-global-youth-leader "Make Youth "active stakeholders in the fight against climate change": Global Youth Leader".] ''ACI Africa''. Retrieved 2026-01-27</ref> Maikaelelo a bone e ne e le go lebisa baeteledipele ba mafatshe seabe sa bone le go ba gwetlha go tsaya kgato mo go rarabololeng ditatlhegelo le ditshenyegelo tsa tikologo. The Green Protector<ref name=":0" /> ke bontlha jwa lekgotla le le simolotseng bokopano jo.<ref name=":6" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2022, Grace o ne a ya bokopanong jwa [[COP27]] jwa mafatshefatshe jwa phetogo seemo sa loapi, kwa a neng a thusa go lemoga fa go na le letlhoko la madi a ditshenyegelo le ditatlhegelo ga balweladitshwanelo ba banana. Letsholo le le ne la atlega, ka baeteledipele ba mafatshefatshe ba ne ba dumalana go kolekela go namola mafatshe a a lebanweng ke mathata a mo ditshenyegelong le ditatlhegelo. <ref name=":3" /> Grace o tsweletse ka tiro ya gagwe kwa CCLAD (sepolotiki sa ditatlhegelo le ditshenyegelo tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi),<ref name=":2" /> a tsibosa batho ka fa ditirelo tsa sepolotiki le tsa setho di amang tsamaiso e e tlwaelesegileng ya dikago, dipalamo le dikganetso<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260113175112/https://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/about/ "About".] ''CCLAD''. Retrieved 2026-01-27</ref>. O tsweletse gape ka go nna molweladitshwanelo kgatlhanong le phetogo ya seemo sa loapi ka tiro ya gagwe kwa The Green Protector<ref name=":0" />, ebile a kwala mo maranyaneng a Twitter.<ref>[https://x.com/inezagrrace?lang=en "Twitter- Ineza Grace".] ''Twitter- Ineza Grace''.</ref> == Dietsele == Grace o amogetse dietsele dingwe ka maiteko a gagwe mo go lweleng ditshwanelo tsa bomme, seemo sa loapi le tikologo. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Leina la seetsele !Ngwaga !Lekgotla !Lebaka |- |Dragon's Den:Community Based Adaptation |2020 |IIED<ref name=":7">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNqh0ANabuU ''CBA14 Dragons Den: Ineza Grace'',] retrieved 2026-01-27</ref><ref name=":4" /> |Kakanyo ya gagwe ya go fetolela dithulaganyo tsa seemo sa loapi go nna dithulaganyo tse di ka nnang le maduo<ref name=":7" /> |- |Young Explorer |2020 |National Geographic<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> |Seabe sa lekgotla la gagwe, The Green Protector<ref name=":0" />, ga mmogo le tiro ya gagwe mo bokopanong jwa ditatlhegelo le ditshenyegelo,<ref name=":1" /> [[UNFCCC]] le setlhopha sa masome mararo le botlhano<ref name=":5" /> |- |Banana ba bateledipele ba le lekgolo ba Aforika ba tshomarelo |2021 |Banana ba bateledipele ba le lekgolo ba Aforika ba tshomarelo<ref name=":8">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230417203318/https://www.top100youth.africa/top-100/grace-umuhoza-ineza "Grace Umuhoza Ineza".] ''Young African Conservation Leaders''. Archived from [https://top100youth.africa/top-100/grace-umuhoza-ineza the original] on 2023-04-17. Retrieved 2026-01-27</ref><ref name=":4" /> |Tiro ya gagwe ka lekgotla la gagwe la The Green Protector<ref name=":0" />, le tsotlhe tse le kgonneng go di fitlhelela. O itebaganya le tikologo, tshomarelo le phetogo ya seemo sa loapi ka tsela e e farologanneg e e letlang banana go ithulaganya go tsaya karolo mo phetogong ya ditšhaba tsa bone.<ref name=":8" /> |- |Seetsele sa Global Citizen |2023 |Global Citizen<ref name=":9">[https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/ "Global Citizen Prize Winner Ineza".] ''Global Citizen''.</ref> |Go lwela ditshwanelo tsa bomme mo ntweng ya tshiamo ya seemo sa loapi le boeteledipele jwa gagwe mo tatlhegelong le tshenyo.<ref name=":9" /> |} == Metswedi == oc21o6w32i3sv7wkh5nudrvs7kfyolq Modirisi:Lonkiey 2 12816 53434 48372 2026-07-28T06:00:27Z Lonkiey 12521 Ke tlhamile ditlhomo di le pedi eleng tlhomo ya botlhano le tlhomo ya borataro 53434 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Lonkiey [[Modirisi:Lonkiey/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[Modirisi:Lonkiey/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 3]] - [[Draft 4]] [[Draft 5]] - [[Draft 6]] h2amor7dcjw295mlnmwjc613t21vojq Gordon Casey 0 13158 53453 49578 2026-07-28T09:49:08Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53453 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gordon Casey''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1950 , Mopitlwe a tlhola makatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano) ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa pele wa Australia yo o neng a tshameka le [[:en:Carlton_Football_Club|Carlton]] le [[:en:Western_Bulldogs|Footscray]] mo Liking ya [[:en:Australian_Football_League|Kgwele ya Dinao ya Victoria (VFL]]).<ref>Holmesby, Russell; Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia Of AFL Footballers. BAS Publishing. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781920910785|9781920910785]].</ref> Casey, yo o neng a thapilwe go tswa kwa Gorya (ditoropo tsa Speed ​​& Turriff), o ne a simolola tiro ya gagwe e le motshamiki wa kwa pele mme e ne e le motshameki yo o eteletseng pele wa Carlton ka 1967 le 1968.<ref>[http://www.blueseum.org/tiki-index.php?page=Gordon+Casey Gordon Casey"]. Blueseum</ref>O ne a bona tshono e le nngwe fela ya go tshameka mo setlhopheng se segolo mme ka 1969 o ne a leka lesego la gagwe kwa tlelapong e ntsha, Footscray.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/G/Gordon_Casey.html |title=AFL Tables: Gordon Casey |access-date=2026-04-26 |archive-date=2014-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821224607/http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/G/Gordon_Casey.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>Nako ya gagwe kwa Footscray e ne ya dirisiwa mo [[:en:Back_pocket|kgetsaneng ya kwa morago]] mme o ne a le molemo go ka emela Victoria kgatlhanong le Tasmania ka 1973.<ref>The Age[http://www.news.google.com/newspapers?id=e8lUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xZADAAAAIBAJ&pg=5467,5659568 ,"Footscray demotes Casey",] 22 March 1974, p. 15</ref>Moragonyana o ne a tshameka kwa [[:en:Swan_Districts_Football_Club|Swan Districts]] mme a tlhagelela mo [[:en:1980_WAFL_Grand_Final|Makgaolakgannyeng a magolo a WAFL a 1980]]. == Metswedi == <references /> == Tse di kwa ntle == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140821224607/http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/G/Gordon_Casey.html Dipalopalo tsa go tshameka ga ga Gordon Casey] go tswa mo Ditafoleng tsa AFL * [https://australianfootball.com/players/player/Gordon+Casey/10055 Gordon Casey] kwa Kgweleng ya Dinao ya Australia.com Tseleganya seno kwa Wikidata * [https://waflfootyfacts.net/player/stats.php?PlayerID=1014 Dipalopalo tsa go tshameka ga ga Gordon Casey] mo WAFL mo WAFL g184zr2hyv2wavk6q72aq8djye4kz6x Botswana Accountancy College 0 13165 53359 49641 2026-07-27T13:40:36Z JudithShe 9421 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363715258|Botswana Accountancy College]]" 53359 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Botswana Accountancy College''' e gape e itsegeng ka leina la '''BAC''', ke sekolo sa tsa kgwebo se diofisi kgolo tsa sone di leng kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]] . Kwa tshimologong sekolo se se ne se tlamelwa ka madi ke lephata la madi le Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo le [[Debswana]], mme se tlamela ka ditlhokego tsa thuto e kgolwane ya bobalamatlotlo le maranyane a tshedimosetso ya lefatshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BAC {{!}} The Botswana Business School |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/ |access-date=2020-05-25 |website=www.bac.ac.bw}}</ref> Sekolo sa matlotlo sa Botswana se itlhomamisa jaaka lefelo la botswerere mo Borwa jwa Aforika le kwa ntle ga Aforika. Se itsege mo dikarolong tsa matlotlo, tsa madi, kgwebo, botsamaisi, kamogelo ya baeng, lekgetho, boitapoloso, le ICT. BAC e na le dikolo tse pedi; sekolo se segolo se kwa Gaborone, mme e nngwe e kwa [[Francistown]] . Sekolo sa Gaborone se kwa Phakeng ya Ofisi ya Fairgrounds kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Gaborone. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Botswana Accountancy College |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031070545/http://www.bac.ac.bw:80/history |archive-date=2016-10-31 |access-date=19 May 2020 |website=Botswana Accountancy College}}</ref> Sekolo se se dirisana mmogo le University of Derby, University ya Sunderland leUniversioty ya Sheffield Hallam kwa Engelane . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Partnership {{!}} BAC |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/partnership |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.bac.ac.bw}}</ref> == Ditso == Sekolo se tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro e le kgwebo e e kopanetsweng magareng ga Lephata la madi le Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo (MFDP), Kompone ya Debswana ya diteemane le motheo wa Botswana wa matlotlo, mme se ne sa kwadisa baithuti ba ka nna makgolo a mararo masome a mane le borobabongwe ba dipoloma tsa ACCA, CIMA, AAT le NCC. Botswana Accountancy College gape e ruta mananeo a pele ga kalogo a a amogetsweng ke University of Derby. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana Accountancy College-International Collaborative partners |url=https://www.derby.ac.uk/partnerships/international-collaborative/botswana-accountancy-college/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803052442/https://www.derby.ac.uk/partnerships/international-collaborative/botswana-accountancy-college/ |archive-date=2020-08-03 |website=University of Derby}}</ref> Maikaelelo a sekolo e ne e le go fokotsa go ikaega ka babalamatlotlo ba ba tswang kwa mafatshe a mangwe mme, mo pakeng e telele, e nne porojeke e e ithusang ka madi. BAC ke kompone e e nang le bathusi ba madi ba le bararo e le banna le seabe. MFDP le Debswana ba ne ba thusa BAC ka matlole go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa dikeet pedi le bosupa. Sekolo se se kwa Gaborone se kwa Phakeng ya Ofisi ya Fairgrounds kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Gaborone. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=History of Botswana Accountancy College |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031070545/http://www.bac.ac.bw:80/history |archive-date=2016-10-31 |access-date=19 May 2020 |website=Botswana Accountancy College}}</ref> == Mafelo == Mo Gaborone, BAC e bereka go tswa mo dikolong tse tharo tse di golaganeng thata: * '''Sekolo se segolo''' * '''BIFM''' (kago ya Phaka ya Ofisi ya Fairgrounds Block D) moalo wa bobedi go kgabaganya tsela go tswa kwa sekolong se segolo * '''Lefelo la madi la Lebala la Dipontsho''', le le mo teng ga lefelo la Lebala la Dipontsho === Bojelo === === Boroko === BAC e kgona go amogela baithuti ba bonno ba le lekgolo le bobedi kwa sekolong se segolo kwa Gaborone. Go na le dikago tsa bonno di le tharo go amogela baithuti, tse di bidiwang ka baeteledipele ba phetogo ba Botswana; Khama, [[Bathoen I]], le Sechele. <ref>{{Cite web |title={{sic|Accom|odation|hide=y}} {{!}} BAC |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/accomodation |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.bac.ac.bw}}</ref> == Toropo ya maranyane ya Francistown (FDC) == '''Toropokgolo ya maranyane ya Francistown (FDC)''' ke letsholo la maranyane le boitshimololedi le le tlhomilweng ka fa tlase ga sekolose se kwa Francistown sa Botswana Accountancy College, le maikaelelo a lone e leng go nonotsha go bona mohama wa baithuti ka diporojeke tse di mosola tsa go reka tiro kwa ntle, boitshimololedi jwa maranyane, le tirisanommogo le banaleseabe ba lekalana le le ikemetseng le la puso. Letsholo le, le tlhomile mogopolo mo go tokafatseng go thapiwa ga baithuti ka go golaganya go ithuta ga thuto le dikgwetlho tsa boammaruri tsa maranyane Letsholo la FDC le eteletswe pele ke '''Rebaone Mlalazi''', motlhatlhelela dithuto wa Saense ya Dikhomphiutha kwa Botswana Accountancy College, yo o dirang jaaka mogokaganyi le go etelela pele go nna le seabe ga bannaleseabe, go laola diporojeke tsa baithuti, le go dirisana mmogo ka togamaano. Ka fa tlase ga letsholo le, BAC Francistown e dirisana mmogo le mekgatlho e e farologaneng go tshegetsa mananeo a go tshwaraganela baithuti, di-hackathon, katiso ya bokgoni jwa maranyane, le diporojeke tsa go tlhama diporojeke tsa maranyane a a mo teng ga khumputara. == Botshelo jwa moithuti == BAC e fa baithuti mekgatlho e e dirwang kwa ntle ga sekolo: * '''Business hive''' e tlhomilwe ka Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso. Ke mokgatlho wa kgwebo le wa tsa madi go letla baithuti go leka tsa pereko ka nako ya fa ba le kwa BAC ka dikokoano tsa go tlhabana botlhale, katiso, le dikgaisano le bagwebi ba Botswana, bagakolodi, le baitseanape ba tsa madi. * '''Mokgatlho wa Dingangisano''' o tlhomilwe ka Firikgong ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso. Baithuti ba ile ba emela BAC go ralala Aforika Borwa mo dikgaisanong tsa dingangisano, mmogo le kwa Berlin, kwa Jeremane mo Dikgaisanong tsa Lefatshe Lotlhe tsa dikolo tse dikgolwane. * '''Setlhopha sa rakabi sa BAC''' == Ba na le seabe == Ba na le seabe mo BAC ba akaretsa: * Lephata la madi * Lephata la thuto * [[Debswana]] * [https://www.bica.org.bw/ Setheo sa Botswana sa Babalamatlotlo] * Lekgotla la Thuto ya Kgolwane == Bapati == * University of Derby * University of Sunderland * [[Lekgotla le le okametseng Makgetlho la Botswana]] * Motheo wa peeletso le tshireletso wa Aforika Borwa * University of Sheffield Hallam == Metswedi == i{{Reflist|1}} ob7mhmzge6xu3d6qaqakmwc43znbxnl 53360 53359 2026-07-27T13:44:03Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya BAC #Wikipedia25BW 53360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university|name=Botswana Accountancy College|motto=Dare to Explore|type=Sa setshaba|established=Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro|chancellor=[[Serty Leburu]]|students=ba feta dikete pedi le makgolo a matlhano|location=[[Gaborone]] [[Francistown]] Botswana|campus=ya sesha|website=https://www.bac.ac.bw/|logo=Botswana Accountancy College (Gaborone) logo.png}} '''Botswana Accountancy College''' e gape e itsegeng ka leina la '''BAC''', ke sekolo sa tsa kgwebo se diofisi kgolo tsa sone di leng kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]] . Kwa tshimologong sekolo se se ne se tlamelwa ka madi ke lephata la madi le Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo le [[Debswana]], mme se tlamela ka ditlhokego tsa thuto e kgolwane ya bobalamatlotlo le maranyane a tshedimosetso ya lefatshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BAC {{!}} The Botswana Business School |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/ |access-date=2020-05-25 |website=www.bac.ac.bw}}</ref> Sekolo sa matlotlo sa Botswana se itlhomamisa jaaka lefelo la botswerere mo Borwa jwa Aforika le kwa ntle ga Aforika. Se itsege mo dikarolong tsa matlotlo, tsa madi, kgwebo, botsamaisi, kamogelo ya baeng, lekgetho, boitapoloso, le ICT. BAC e na le dikolo tse pedi; sekolo se segolo se kwa Gaborone, mme e nngwe e kwa [[Francistown]] . Sekolo sa Gaborone se kwa Phakeng ya Ofisi ya Fairgrounds kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Gaborone. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Botswana Accountancy College |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031070545/http://www.bac.ac.bw:80/history |archive-date=2016-10-31 |access-date=19 May 2020 |website=Botswana Accountancy College}}</ref> Sekolo se se dirisana mmogo le University of Derby, University ya Sunderland leUniversioty ya Sheffield Hallam kwa Engelane . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Partnership {{!}} BAC |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/partnership |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.bac.ac.bw}}</ref> == Ditso == Sekolo se tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro e le kgwebo e e kopanetsweng magareng ga Lephata la madi le Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo (MFDP), Kompone ya Debswana ya diteemane le motheo wa Botswana wa matlotlo, mme se ne sa kwadisa baithuti ba ka nna makgolo a mararo masome a mane le borobabongwe ba dipoloma tsa ACCA, CIMA, AAT le NCC. Botswana Accountancy College gape e ruta mananeo a pele ga kalogo a a amogetsweng ke University of Derby. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana Accountancy College-International Collaborative partners |url=https://www.derby.ac.uk/partnerships/international-collaborative/botswana-accountancy-college/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803052442/https://www.derby.ac.uk/partnerships/international-collaborative/botswana-accountancy-college/ |archive-date=2020-08-03 |website=University of Derby}}</ref> Maikaelelo a sekolo e ne e le go fokotsa go ikaega ka babalamatlotlo ba ba tswang kwa mafatshe a mangwe mme, mo pakeng e telele, e nne porojeke e e ithusang ka madi. BAC ke kompone e e nang le bathusi ba madi ba le bararo e le banna le seabe. MFDP le Debswana ba ne ba thusa BAC ka matlole go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa dikeet pedi le bosupa. Sekolo se se kwa Gaborone se kwa Phakeng ya Ofisi ya Fairgrounds kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Gaborone. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=History of Botswana Accountancy College |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031070545/http://www.bac.ac.bw:80/history |archive-date=2016-10-31 |access-date=19 May 2020 |website=Botswana Accountancy College}}</ref> == Mafelo == Mo Gaborone, BAC e bereka go tswa mo dikolong tse tharo tse di golaganeng thata: * '''Sekolo se segolo''' * '''BIFM''' (kago ya Phaka ya Ofisi ya Fairgrounds Block D) moalo wa bobedi go kgabaganya tsela go tswa kwa sekolong se segolo * '''Lefelo la madi la Lebala la Dipontsho''', le le mo teng ga lefelo la Lebala la Dipontsho === Bojelo === === Boroko === BAC e kgona go amogela baithuti ba bonno ba le lekgolo le bobedi kwa sekolong se segolo kwa Gaborone. Go na le dikago tsa bonno di le tharo go amogela baithuti, tse di bidiwang ka baeteledipele ba phetogo ba Botswana; Khama, [[Bathoen I]], le Sechele. <ref>{{Cite web |title={{sic|Accom|odation|hide=y}} {{!}} BAC |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/accomodation |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.bac.ac.bw}}</ref> == Toropo ya maranyane ya Francistown (FDC) == '''Toropokgolo ya maranyane ya Francistown (FDC)''' ke letsholo la maranyane le boitshimololedi le le tlhomilweng ka fa tlase ga sekolose se kwa Francistown sa Botswana Accountancy College, le maikaelelo a lone e leng go nonotsha go bona mohama wa baithuti ka diporojeke tse di mosola tsa go reka tiro kwa ntle, boitshimololedi jwa maranyane, le tirisanommogo le banaleseabe ba lekalana le le ikemetseng le la puso. Letsholo le, le tlhomile mogopolo mo go tokafatseng go thapiwa ga baithuti ka go golaganya go ithuta ga thuto le dikgwetlho tsa boammaruri tsa maranyane Letsholo la FDC le eteletswe pele ke '''Rebaone Mlalazi''', motlhatlhelela dithuto wa Saense ya Dikhomphiutha kwa Botswana Accountancy College, yo o dirang jaaka mogokaganyi le go etelela pele go nna le seabe ga bannaleseabe, go laola diporojeke tsa baithuti, le go dirisana mmogo ka togamaano. Ka fa tlase ga letsholo le, BAC Francistown e dirisana mmogo le mekgatlho e e farologaneng go tshegetsa mananeo a go tshwaraganela baithuti, di-hackathon, katiso ya bokgoni jwa maranyane, le diporojeke tsa go tlhama diporojeke tsa maranyane a a mo teng ga khumputara. == Botshelo jwa moithuti == BAC e fa baithuti mekgatlho e e dirwang kwa ntle ga sekolo: * '''Business hive''' e tlhomilwe ka Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso. Ke mokgatlho wa kgwebo le wa tsa madi go letla baithuti go leka tsa pereko ka nako ya fa ba le kwa BAC ka dikokoano tsa go tlhabana botlhale, katiso, le dikgaisano le bagwebi ba Botswana, bagakolodi, le baitseanape ba tsa madi. * '''Mokgatlho wa Dingangisano''' o tlhomilwe ka Firikgong ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso. Baithuti ba ile ba emela BAC go ralala Aforika Borwa mo dikgaisanong tsa dingangisano, mmogo le kwa Berlin, kwa Jeremane mo Dikgaisanong tsa Lefatshe Lotlhe tsa dikolo tse dikgolwane. * '''Setlhopha sa rakabi sa BAC''' == Ba na le seabe == Ba na le seabe mo BAC ba akaretsa: * Lephata la madi * Lephata la thuto * [[Debswana]] * [https://www.bica.org.bw/ Setheo sa Botswana sa Babalamatlotlo] * Lekgotla la Thuto ya Kgolwane == Bapati == * University of Derby * University of Sunderland * [[Lekgotla le le okametseng Makgetlho la Botswana]] * Motheo wa peeletso le tshireletso wa Aforika Borwa * University of Sheffield Hallam == Metswedi == i{{Reflist|1}} 0ovt948zewph4yhjkwh9rjdiofcc6ex 53424 53360 2026-07-28T02:52:52Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university|name=Botswana Accountancy College|motto=Dare to Explore|type=Sa setshaba|established=Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro|chancellor=[[Serty Leburu]]|students=ba feta dikete pedi le makgolo a matlhano|location=[[Gaborone]] [[Francistown]] Botswana|campus=ya sesha|website=https://www.bac.ac.bw/|logo=Botswana Accountancy College (Gaborone) logo.png}} '''Botswana Accountancy College''' e gape e itsegeng ka leina la '''BAC''', ke sekolo sa tsa kgwebo se diofisi kgolo tsa sone di leng kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]] . Kwa tshimologong sekolo se se ne se tlamelwa ka madi ke lephata la madi le Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo le [[Debswana]], mme se tlamela ka ditlhokego tsa thuto e kgolwane ya bobalamatlotlo le maranyane a tshedimosetso ya lefatshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BAC {{!}} The Botswana Business School |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/ |access-date=2020-05-25 |website=www.bac.ac.bw}}</ref> Sekolo sa matlotlo sa Botswana se itlhomamisa jaaka lefelo la botswerere mo Borwa jwa Aforika le kwa ntle ga Aforika. Se itsege mo dikarolong tsa matlotlo, tsa madi, kgwebo, botsamaisi, kamogelo ya baeng, lekgetho, boitapoloso, le ICT. BAC e na le dikolo tse pedi; sekolo se segolo se kwa Gaborone, mme e nngwe e kwa [[Francistown]] . Sekolo sa Gaborone se kwa Phakeng ya Ofisi ya Fairgrounds kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Gaborone. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Botswana Accountancy College |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031070545/http://www.bac.ac.bw:80/history |archive-date=2016-10-31 |access-date=19 May 2020 |website=Botswana Accountancy College}}</ref> Sekolo se se dirisana mmogo le University of Derby, University ya Sunderland leUniversioty ya Sheffield Hallam kwa Engelane . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Partnership {{!}} BAC |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/partnership |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.bac.ac.bw |archive-date=2021-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520094808/https://www.bac.ac.bw/partnership |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ditso == Sekolo se tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro e le kgwebo e e kopanetsweng magareng ga Lephata la madi le Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo (MFDP), Kompone ya Debswana ya diteemane le motheo wa Botswana wa matlotlo, mme se ne sa kwadisa baithuti ba ka nna makgolo a mararo masome a mane le borobabongwe ba dipoloma tsa ACCA, CIMA, AAT le NCC. Botswana Accountancy College gape e ruta mananeo a pele ga kalogo a a amogetsweng ke University of Derby. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana Accountancy College-International Collaborative partners |url=https://www.derby.ac.uk/partnerships/international-collaborative/botswana-accountancy-college/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803052442/https://www.derby.ac.uk/partnerships/international-collaborative/botswana-accountancy-college/ |archive-date=2020-08-03 |website=University of Derby}}</ref> Maikaelelo a sekolo e ne e le go fokotsa go ikaega ka babalamatlotlo ba ba tswang kwa mafatshe a mangwe mme, mo pakeng e telele, e nne porojeke e e ithusang ka madi. BAC ke kompone e e nang le bathusi ba madi ba le bararo e le banna le seabe. MFDP le Debswana ba ne ba thusa BAC ka matlole go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa dikeet pedi le bosupa. Sekolo se se kwa Gaborone se kwa Phakeng ya Ofisi ya Fairgrounds kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Gaborone. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=History of Botswana Accountancy College |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031070545/http://www.bac.ac.bw:80/history |archive-date=2016-10-31 |access-date=19 May 2020 |website=Botswana Accountancy College}}</ref> == Mafelo == Mo Gaborone, BAC e bereka go tswa mo dikolong tse tharo tse di golaganeng thata: * '''Sekolo se segolo''' * '''BIFM''' (kago ya Phaka ya Ofisi ya Fairgrounds Block D) moalo wa bobedi go kgabaganya tsela go tswa kwa sekolong se segolo * '''Lefelo la madi la Lebala la Dipontsho''', le le mo teng ga lefelo la Lebala la Dipontsho === Bojelo === === Boroko === BAC e kgona go amogela baithuti ba bonno ba le lekgolo le bobedi kwa sekolong se segolo kwa Gaborone. Go na le dikago tsa bonno di le tharo go amogela baithuti, tse di bidiwang ka baeteledipele ba phetogo ba Botswana; Khama, [[Bathoen I]], le Sechele. <ref>{{Cite web |title={{sic|Accom|odation|hide=y}} {{!}} BAC |url=https://www.bac.ac.bw/accomodation |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.bac.ac.bw |archive-date=2021-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520095051/https://www.bac.ac.bw/accomodation |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Toropo ya maranyane ya Francistown (FDC) == '''Toropokgolo ya maranyane ya Francistown (FDC)''' ke letsholo la maranyane le boitshimololedi le le tlhomilweng ka fa tlase ga sekolose se kwa Francistown sa Botswana Accountancy College, le maikaelelo a lone e leng go nonotsha go bona mohama wa baithuti ka diporojeke tse di mosola tsa go reka tiro kwa ntle, boitshimololedi jwa maranyane, le tirisanommogo le banaleseabe ba lekalana le le ikemetseng le la puso. Letsholo le, le tlhomile mogopolo mo go tokafatseng go thapiwa ga baithuti ka go golaganya go ithuta ga thuto le dikgwetlho tsa boammaruri tsa maranyane Letsholo la FDC le eteletswe pele ke '''Rebaone Mlalazi''', motlhatlhelela dithuto wa Saense ya Dikhomphiutha kwa Botswana Accountancy College, yo o dirang jaaka mogokaganyi le go etelela pele go nna le seabe ga bannaleseabe, go laola diporojeke tsa baithuti, le go dirisana mmogo ka togamaano. Ka fa tlase ga letsholo le, BAC Francistown e dirisana mmogo le mekgatlho e e farologaneng go tshegetsa mananeo a go tshwaraganela baithuti, di-hackathon, katiso ya bokgoni jwa maranyane, le diporojeke tsa go tlhama diporojeke tsa maranyane a a mo teng ga khumputara. == Botshelo jwa moithuti == BAC e fa baithuti mekgatlho e e dirwang kwa ntle ga sekolo: * '''Business hive''' e tlhomilwe ka Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso. Ke mokgatlho wa kgwebo le wa tsa madi go letla baithuti go leka tsa pereko ka nako ya fa ba le kwa BAC ka dikokoano tsa go tlhabana botlhale, katiso, le dikgaisano le bagwebi ba Botswana, bagakolodi, le baitseanape ba tsa madi. * '''Mokgatlho wa Dingangisano''' o tlhomilwe ka Firikgong ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso. Baithuti ba ile ba emela BAC go ralala Aforika Borwa mo dikgaisanong tsa dingangisano, mmogo le kwa Berlin, kwa Jeremane mo Dikgaisanong tsa Lefatshe Lotlhe tsa dikolo tse dikgolwane. * '''Setlhopha sa rakabi sa BAC''' == Ba na le seabe == Ba na le seabe mo BAC ba akaretsa: * Lephata la madi * Lephata la thuto * [[Debswana]] * [https://www.bica.org.bw/ Setheo sa Botswana sa Babalamatlotlo] * Lekgotla la Thuto ya Kgolwane == Bapati == * University of Derby * University of Sunderland * [[Lekgotla le le okametseng Makgetlho la Botswana]] * Motheo wa peeletso le tshireletso wa Aforika Borwa * University of Sheffield Hallam == Metswedi == i{{Reflist|1}} 6o1b0a5nj0tkxrzfgci8z4mc0ffom5n Ditshwanelo tsa LGBTQ kwa Namibia 0 13255 53436 49977 2026-07-28T06:33:49Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53436 wikitext text/x-wiki Ditshwanelo tsa basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong, batho ba ba ratanang le bong ka bobedi, dba ba fetotseng bong, le ba ba queer (LGBTQ) kwa [[Namibia]] di atologile mo lekgolong la bomasome a mabedi le motso la dingwaga, le fa ntswa batho ba LGBTQ ba sa ntse ba na le tshireletso e e kwa tlase ya semolao.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2019 |title=Namibia |url=https://www.humandignitytrust.org/country-profile/namibia/ |access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Human Dignity Trust}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Petersen |first=Shelleygan |date=October 2023 |title=Gay community ready to take legal action over Ekandjo's bills |url=https://namibian.com.na/gay-community-ready-to-take-legal-action-over-ekandjos-bills/ |access-date=2 October 2023 |website=[[The Namibian]]}}</ref> Melao ya Namibia ya motlha wa bokolone e e neng e dira gore go ratana ka bong ga banna e nne molato e ne e sa diragadiwe mo ditsong, mme e ne ya menolwa ke Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya lefatshe leo ka 2024.<ref name="Guardian">{{Cite news|title=Namibian court strikes down law criminalising same-sex relationships|url=https://guardian.ng/namibian-court-strikes-down-law-criminalising-same-sex-relationships/|access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> Lewa la batho ba LGBTQ kwa Namibia le tlhofofetse mo dingwageng tsa bosheng. Setlhopha se se eteletseng pele sa go buelela LGBTQ mo lefatsheng leo ke OutRight Namibia, e tlhamilwe ka Mopitlo 2010 mme ya kwadisiwa semmuso ka Ngwanatseele 2010. E rulagantse dipontsho tsa ntlha tsa boikgantsho tsa Namibia mme e batla go nna "lentswe la basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong, batho ba ba ratanang le bong ka bobedi le batho ba ba fetotseng bong le ba bong jo bo tlhakaneng kwa Namibia".<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2013 |title=OutRight Namibia |url=http://www.osisa.org/lgbti/namibia/outright-namibia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903191150/http://www.osisa.org/lgbti/namibia/outright-namibia |archive-date=2017-09-03 |access-date=2018-12-13}}</ref> Ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa LGBTQ di akaretsa MPower Community Trust, e e tlamelang ka kitso ka botsogo jwa thobalano mo banneng ba ba ratanang ka bong le batho ba ba ratanang ka bong ka bobedi, Mokgatlho wa Namibian Gays and Lesbian Movement, o o nayang batho ba LGBTQ tshegetso le kgakololo le go rulaganya mananeo a thuto go lemotsha batho ba LGBTQ ba Namibia, Tulinam, setlhopha sa LGBTQ sa tumelo, le Wings to Transcend Namibia, setlhopha sa batho ba ba fetotseng bong.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Namibia's Compliance with the U.N. Convention Against Torture: LGBTI Rights |url=https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/namibia_cat_lgbti_shadow_report_with_sign_ons_oct_2016.pdf |website=The Advocates for Human Rights |access-date=2026-05-13 |archive-date=2017-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115063915/http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/namibia_cat_lgbti_shadow_report_with_sign_ons_oct_2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ka 2023, kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Namibia e ne ya atlhola gore Namibia e tshwanetse go amogela manyalo a batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang a baagi ba Namibia a a dirilweng kwa mafatsheng a sele. Le fa go ntse jalo, kwa bokhutlong jwa 2024 palamente e ne ya ntsha molao o o thibelang go amogelwa jalo. == Ditso == Go kwadilwe ka go ratana ka bong le go tlhakanela dikobo ga batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang mo ditlhopheng tse di farologaneng tsa segompieno tsa Namibia. Mo ngwagakgolong wa bolesome le borobabobedi, batho ba [[Khoikhoi]] ba ne ba lemoga mareo a ''{{Lang|naq|koetsire}}'' e e kayang monna yo o amogelang tlhakanelodikobo le monna yo mongwe, mme ''{{Lang|naq|soregus}}'', e e kayang go tshwaratshwara dirwe tsa tlhakanelodikobo ga batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang gantsi mo gare ga ditsala. Go tlhakanela dikobo ka marago le go tlhakanela dikobo fa gare ga basadi le gone go ne go diragala, le fa e le ka sewelo.<ref name="africa">{{Cite web |title=Boy-Wives and Female Husbands |url=http://www.willsworld.org/africa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014194210/http://www.willsworld.org/africa.html |archive-date=14 October 2018 |access-date=16 September 2018 |website=www.willsworld.org}}</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1920, moithuta-loago wa Mojeremane Kurt Falk o ne a bega ka go ratana ka bong le meletlo ya lenyalo la bong jo bo tshwanang mo bathong ba [[Ovambo]], Nama, [[Herero]] le [[Himba]]. Banna ba Ovambo ba ba tsayang karolo ya go tlhakanela dikobo le banna ba bangwe ba bidiwa ''{{Lang|kj|kimbanda}}'' kgotsa ''{{Lang|kj|eshengi}}'' . Mo gare ga Baherero, botsala jo bo tsosang keletso ya tlhakanelodikobo (jo bo itsiweng e le ''{{Lang|hz|oupanga}}'') fa gare ga batho ba babedi go sa kgathalesege gore ke ba bong bofe di ne di tlwaelesegile, mme gantsi di ne di akaretsa go tlhakanela dikobo ka marago (''{{Lang|hz|okutunduka vanena}}'' ). Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970, ethnographer ya Mopotokisi Carlos Estermann o ne a ela tlhoko ngwao ya Ovambo fa banna ba ba neng ba itsege jaaka ''esenge'' ba ne ba tla apara jaaka basadi, ba dira tiro ya basadi le go nyala banna ba bangwe. Setšhaba sa Ovambo se ne se dumela gore ba tsenwe ke mewa ya basadi.<ref name="africa"/> == Metswedi == {{reflist}} 3xv6bmdplo7zcgeneb1pvjd8mp9gpc2 Everjoice Win 0 13587 53444 50660 2026-07-28T08:05:44Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53444 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Everjoice Win''' (Tlhakole a le lesome le bobedi ka 1965 - Mopitlo a ferabongwe ka 2025 ), yo o bidiwang '''EJ''', e ne e le molweladitshwanelo tsa basadi wa kwa [[Zimbabwe]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Win |first=Everjoice |title=At the centre of the future |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2007-04-25-at-the-centre-of-future |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=mg.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugugunyeki |first=Moses |title=Condolences messages pour in for women rights activist Everjoice Win |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/200039350/condolences-messages-pour-in-for-women-rights-activist-everjoice-win |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=NewsDay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Renowned feminist Everjoice Win dies – DailyNews |url=https://dailynews.co.zw/renowned-feminist-everjoice-win-dies/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> le mokaedi wa mananeo a boditšhabatšhaba a [[ActionAid International]]. [[Setshwantsho:Everjoice_Win_feminist_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Everjoice Win kwa Bokopanong jwa bone jwa Kgaolo ya Basadi ba Aforika kwa Zimbabwe, 2016]] == Botshelo jwa pele == Everjoice Win o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 1965 kwa [[Shurugwi]], Rhodesia (e jaanong e bidiwang Zimbabwe).<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography">{{Cite book |last=Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr. |date=2 February 2012 |title=Dictionary of African Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA175 |last2=Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong |last3=Mr. Steven J. Niven |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |page=175 |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="whoswho.co.za">{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win - Who's Who SA |url=http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113234625/http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 |archive-date=13 January 2018 |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=whoswho.co.za}}</ref><ref name="oxfordreference.com">{{Cite journal |title=Win, Everjoice - Oxford Reference |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-2135 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-2135 |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> Ka 1988, o ne a bona dikirii ya gagwe ya ntlha ya ditso tsa itsholelo kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]].<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography" /><ref name="whoswho.co.za" /><ref name="oxfordreference.com" /> O ne a aloga ka Honours mo Ditsong tsa Itsholelo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://africanfeministforum.com/everjoice-win/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Feminist Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Everjoice Win |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SOAS University of London}}</ref> Win o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya tlhabololo le Women’s Action Group, e leng mokgatlho wa basadi kwa Zimbabwe o o neng o tlhoma mogopolo mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi tsa semolao le tsa boitekanelo, koo a neng a dira jaaka Motshereganyi wa kgatiso ya bone e e tlwaelesegileng ya thuto ''ya SPEAK OUT/TAURAI/KHULUMANI''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://africanfeministforum.com/everjoice-win/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Feminist Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Everjoice_Win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SourceWatch}}</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo1990, o ne a tsenelela Pan-African Women in Law and Development in Africa (WiLDAF), kwa a neng a eteletse thulaganyo ya Zimbabwe mme a thusa mekgatlho ya Aforika ya ditshwanelo tsa bomme go tsenelela dikopano tsa boditshabatshaba jaaka Vienna Conference on Human Rights, Copenhagen Social Summit, le Beijing conference.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Everjoice_Win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SourceWatch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Everjoice Win |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SOAS University of London}}</ref> == Tiro == Go tloga ka 1989 go ya go 1993, Win o ne a direla [[Women's Action Group]].<ref name="whoswho.co.za"/><ref name="theconmag.co.za">{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=http://www.theconmag.co.za/author/everjoice/ |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=The Con |archive-date=8 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108210132/http://www.theconmag.co.za/author/everjoice/ |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20250708091326/http://www.theconmag.co.za/author/everjoice/ "Everjoice Win"]. ''The Con''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Ka 1992, mmogo le [[Terri Barnes]], Win o ne a gatisa ''To Live a Better Life: An Oral History of Women in the City of Harare, 1930-70''.<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography"/> Go tloga ka 1993 go fitlha ka 1997, Win e ne e le mokaedi wa lenaneo la kgaolo ya Zimbabwe ya [[Women in Law and Development in Africa]] (WiLDAF).<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography"/> Ka 1997, e ne e le mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng [[Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba ya Molaomotheo ya Zimbabwe]].<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography" /> Go tloga ka 2002 go ya go 2003, Win e ne e le mmueledi wa [[Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition]].<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography"/><ref name="whoswho.co.za"/> Go tloga ka 2004 go ya go 2007, Win e ne e le leloko la boto ya [[Mokgatlho wa Ditshwanelo tsa Basadi mo Tlhabololong]](AWID), kwa [[Toronto]], kwa Canada.<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography"/><ref name="whoswho.co.za"/> Win e ne e le tlhogo ya boditšhabatšhaba/ mokaedi wa boditšhabatšhaba wa mananeo le go nna le seabe ga lefatshe lotlhe ga [[ActionAid International]] fa e sa le ka 2002.<ref name="whoswho.co.za"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://www.irinnews.org/authors/everjoice-win |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=irinnews.org}}</ref> E ne e le Mokaedi wa Mananeo a Boditšhabatšhaba kwa ActionAid.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://www.actionaid.org.uk/users/everjoice-win |access-date=2018-03-22 |website=ActionAid UK |language=en}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Win o ne a nna kwa [[Johannesburg]], Aforika Borwa.<ref name="theconmag.co.za"/> O ne a itsege mo tirong ya gagwe le ka namana jaaka “EJ” mo gare ga badirimmogo le ene le mo mekgatlhong ya basadi lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://africanfeministforum.com/everjoice-win/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Feminist Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Condolences messages pour in for women rights activist Everjoice Win|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/southerneye/local/article/200024891/condolences-messages-pour-in-for-women-rights-activist-everjoice-win|access-date=14 April 2026}}</ref> Win e ne e le mokwadi, mokwadi wa di-blog, le motlhotlheletsi yo o tlhagafetseng wa bobegadikgang jwa botsalano yo o neng a nna le seabe mo dikgatisong tse di farologaneng tse di gatisitsweng le tsa mo maranyaneng tse di buang ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi le tshiamiso ya loago.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://africanfeministforum.com/everjoice-win/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Feminist Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Everjoice Win |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SOAS University of London}}</ref> Ka 2020, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Moporofesara wa Tiriso – Ditshwanelo tsa Basadi ke Sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Botlhaba le Aforika (SOAS), Yunibesithi ya Lontone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Everjoice Win |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SOAS University of London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://www.bond.org.uk/people/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=Bond}}</ref> O tlhokafetse ka Mopitlo a ferabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2025 kwa Johannesburg, Aforika Borwa, a le dingwaga di le masome a marataro.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Condolences messages pour in for women rights activist Everjoice Win|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/southerneye/local/article/200024891/condolences-messages-pour-in-for-women-rights-activist-everjoice-win|access-date=14 April 2026}}</ref> == Dikgatiso == * ''To Live a Better Life: An Oral History of Women in the City of Harare, 1930-70'' (Baobab Books, 1992) * ''Beating Hunger, the Chivi Experience: A Community-Based Approach to Food Security in Zimbabwe'' (with Kuda Murwira, Cathy Watson, Clare Tawney, et al.) (Intermediate Technology Publications, 2000)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murwira |first=Kuda |year=2000 |title=Beating Hunger, the Chivi Experience: A Community-Based Approach to Food Security in Zimbabwe |last2=Watson |first2=Cathy |last3=Win |first3=Everjoice J. |last4=Tawney |first4=Clare |last5=Scoones |first5=Ian |publisher=Intermediate Technology Publications |isbn=978-1-85339-524-6}}</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] ftggbxtv37aatbliqwdv5z7wnh39ker Jan Sithole 0 14290 53466 52028 2026-07-28T11:12:06Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53466 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jan Jabulani Sithole'''<ref name=":0">Nkambule, Mfanukhona (13 September 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20251204123032/https://www.times.co.sz/404.php "SHARP PAINS KILL TRADE UNIONIST JAN SITHOLE"]. Times of Swaziland. Retrieved 2026-07-06</ref> e ne e le molweladitshwanelo wa makgotla a babereki gape e le mopolotiki kwa [[Eswatini]]. Sithole e ne e le tautona wa phathi ya Swazi Democratic Party (SWADEPA), a tlhophilwe mo palamenteng ya Eswatini ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le boraro. O tlhokafetse ka Lwetse a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi a le dingwaga di le masome a marataro le bosupa. Ka e le tautona wa lekgotla la babereki kwa Swaziland gape e le leloko le le neng le le teng ka nako ya fa le tlhamiwa, Sithole o simolotse go itsege ka seabe sa gagwe mo go tsa pereko,<ref name=":0" /> di akaretsa e le morulaganyi wa mogwanto wa Swaziland wa dingwaga di le sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa. O ne a itemogela go ganediwa ga seabe sa gagwe mo makgotleng a puso ya batho ka batho, dikganetso tse di akaretsa go isiwa kgolegelong, go tsewa ka dikgoka, go tshosediwa go tseelwa botshelo le matshosetsi a go lelekwa kwa lefatsheng leo. Fa a le molwela ditshwanelo le mopolotiki, Sithole o tlhalositswe e le moditshaba, motho o o buelelang puso ya batho ka batho gape e le kgosi ya molaomotheo. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Ka dingwaga di le sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, Jan Sithole o ne a bereka e le motsamaisi kwa madirelong a pampiri kwa Aforika Borwa ka fa tlase ga botsamaisi jwa puso ya tlhaolele. O ne a seka a tshwarwa sentle mo maemong a gagwe, morago ga go gana go tshwarwa jalo, o ne a ya go botsoloswa, a felela a lebisiwa molato. Maitemogelo a, a ne a mo rotloetsa go nna le seabe mo lekgotleng la pereko.<ref name=":1">[https://www.socialistinternational.org/news-events/in-memoriam/article/jan-sithole-1953-2020-1545/ "Jan Sithole 1953 - 2020".] ''Socialist International''. 12 September 2020. Retrieved 06 July 2026</ref> Sithole o ne a na le batsalwa le ene ba le bane, mongwe wa bone a ne a bereka kwa [[Angola]]. O ne a na le bana ba robabobedi, ba le barataro e le ba a ba ikopetseng, e se ba gagwe ka tsalo. Lolwapa lwa gagwe lo ne lo na le magae a mabedi kwa Eswatini: le lengwe le le kwa Luyeng, fa le lengwe le le kwa Manzini.<ref name=":0" /> Sithole o tlhokafetse ka Lwetse a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi fa a le kwa ga gagwe kwa Aforika Borwa kwa Nelspruit. O ne a lwetse ka nakwana mo go bakileng loso lwa gagwe lwa tshoganyetso, mme go ne go sa itsiwe gore o lwala bolwetse bo fe. O ne a le dingwaga di le masome a marataro le bosupa ka nako eo.<ref name=":0" /> == Lekgotla la babereki la Swaziland == Jan Sithole e ne e le mokwaledi mogolo wa lekgotla la babereki kwa Swaziland dingwaga di le masome mabedi le botlhano. O ne a ikgogela morago ka Phalane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe, are ga a batle go feta nako e a e filweng mo lekgotleng.<ref name=":2">Phila (October 12, 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20251204123032/https://www.times.co.sz/404.php "Jan Sithole FINALLY bows out of SFTU".] ''Times of Swaziland''. Retrieved 06 July 2026</ref> Ka nako ya gagwe kwa SFTU, Sithole o ne a thusa go kwala matlhoko a le masome mabedi le bosupa a lekgotla a na le mothusa mokwaledi mogolo Jabulani Nxumalo, mangwe a matlhoko a e le molaomotheo wa Swazi, madi a bagodi, le thuto ya mahala e e tswang kwa moding.<ref name=":0" /> === Ditiragalo === Sithole o ne a tshwarwa gangwe le gape, a tshwarelwa ditiragalo tse di tsamaelanang le go lwela ditshwanelo tsa babereki ga gagwe.<ref name=":1" /> Ka Phatwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bone, o ne a tshwara sebaka sa dioura di le tlhano ka nako ya mogwanto wa babereki ba ditshimo tsa ntshe.<ref name=":0" /> O ne a tshwarwa gape ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa fa a rulaganya mogwanto wa Swaziland wa ngwag wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa, ene le tautoan wa SFTU Richard Nxumalo, mothusa tautona le motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente wa morago Themba Msibi le Jabulani Nxumalo. Ba ne ba lebisiwa molato wa go tshosetsa bakgweetsi ba dipalamo tsa setshaba go emisa go bereka, mme ba ne ba gololwa morago ga gore mmakaseterata a bone gore melato e ba e lebisitsweng ga e na mabaka.<ref>Dixon, Norm (5 March 1997). [https://www.greenleft.org.au/1997/265/17524 "Swaziland union leaders freed"]. ''Green Left Weekly''. Retrieved 06 July 2026</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ka Firikgong ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano, Sithole o ne a tlhagelela mo dikgannyeng tsa mafatshefatshe morago ga gore a amogele matshosetsi a polao a le mmalwa a a amanang le go lwela ditshwanelo kgatlhanong le puso ga gagwe.<ref name=":0" /> Kgwedi eo, Sithole o ne a tshosediwa ka go lelekwa mo lefatsheng ka rraagwe e le wa kwa Mozambique. Ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano, maposisi a Eswatini a ne a neela Sithole lokwalo lo tswa kwa mookameding wa ofisi ya mesepele, lo lo neng lo mo laola go isa bukana ya gagwe ya mesepele morago ga go ya bokopanong jwa mafatshefatshe jwa pereko. Lekgotla la baagedi le ne la mo tlhotlhomisa ka boagedi jwa gagwe, ba boelela tumelo ya bone ya gore ke motho wa kwa Mozambique. Ditatofatso tse di ne tsa boelwa morago ka mmaagwe e le mo Swazi.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano, Sithole o ne a tsewa ka dikgoka, a tlogelwa mo buting ya koloi. Mo tiragalong e nngwe, ba ba bogetseng ba ne ba re batho ba le bararo ba ba neng ba apere diaparo tse di senang mekwalo kgotsa ditshwantsho dipe ba ne ba tsena kwa ga gagwe ba tswa mo koloing ya mapodisi fa a seo, le gore mongwe wa bone o ne a fitlhile tlhobolo. Ka nako eo, megala ya dipuisano e ne e kgaotswe kwa lolwapeng lwa ga Sithole, se se gakatsa dipelaelo tsa tiragalo e.<ref name=":0" /> == Palamente == Jan Sithole e ne e le tautona gape e le mngwe wa batlhami ba phathi ya puso ya batho ka batho ya Swazi (SWADEPA).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-24232007 "Jan Sithole: Swaziland activist elected MP".] ''BBC News''. 2013-09-24.</ref> Ka nako ya ditlhopho tsa Lwetse a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le boraro tsa palamente ya Swaziland, Sithole o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mopalamente wa bokone jwa Manzini kwa Inkhundla, e le ntlhopheng o o ikemetseng ka lefatshe la Swaziland le ne le sa lemoge go nna teng ga diphathi tsa sepolotiki. Sithole le lekgotla la gagwe ba ne ba kopiwa go fetola tsamaiso ya nako eo ya puso kwa Swaziland go fitlhelela go nna le diphathi tse dintsi kwa Swaziland mme ka leano la go tsaya karolo, eseng go tlhoka go tsaya karolo. O ne a supa fa e se ene fela leloko la phathi ya gagwe le le tlhophilweng.<ref name=":3" /> Sithole o ne a re mangwe a maikaelelo a gagwe e ne e le go tsisa molao wa ditshwanelo kwa palamenteng. O ne a re le ntswa molaomotheo wa Swaziland o solofetsa ditshwanelo tsa go tsalana le ba bangwe, ditshwanelo tsa go kwala le go bega dikgang, ditshwanelo tseo ga di ise di tlhomamisiwe mo molaong.<ref name=":3" /> == Maemo == Jan Sithole o rile ga ise a ke a batle gore bogosi jwa kwa Eswatini bo emisiwe.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Ba a neng a amana le bone ba re o ne a ema nokeng bogosi. O ne a dumela fa bogosi bo kopanya lefatshe, le gore bo na le thotloetso e e siameng mo itsholelong. Sithole o ne a dumela fa bogosi bo tshwanetse go nna kwa godimo ga sepolotiki.<ref name=":0" /> Ka nako ya gagwe kwa SFTU, Sithole o ne a lwela puso ya batho ka batho, go gololesega mo puong, le tlotlo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho kwa Eswatini. O ne a dumela fa lefatshe la Eswatini le tlhoka molao go sireletsa ba ba kgatlhanong le bogosi go didimadiwa.<ref name=":1" /> Mduduzi Gina, o a neng a tlhophilwe go nna mokwaledi mogolo wa SFTU morago ga gore Sithole a ithole marapo ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe,<ref name=":2" /> o ne a tlhalosa Sithole a re ke mo ditshaba.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 8ke0zr7f70aypygvor0p504oxihhlgh Checkers (Lebentlele la marekisetso) 0 14339 53430 52901 2026-07-28T04:23:08Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53430 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Checkers''' ke lebentlele la marekisetso le le kafa tlase ga kompone ya Shoprite mo [[Aforika Borwa|Aforikaborwa]]. E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le marataro (1956) ke Norman Hertz Herber, <ref name="About Us"></ref> mme ebile e aname go ralala [[Aforika Borwa|Aforikaborwa]].<ref name="About Us">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=About Us |url=https://www.checkers.co.za/about-us |access-date=5 May 2025 |publisher=Checkers}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Checkers e ne e na le mabentlele a le makgoloa le thataro le masome a borataro le bongwe go ralala Aforika Borwa, Botswana, le Namibia.<ref name=":0">"[https://www.shopriteholdings.co.za/docs/shp-ir-2025.pdf Shoprite Holdings - Integrated Report, 2025]" (PDF). Shoprite Holdings. 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2026.</ref>Keetane e tlhomile mogopolo mo go feng bareki ba lotseno lo lo magareng le lo lo kwa godimo dijo ka mokgwa wa go rulaganya tsa yone tsa mabenkele a Checkers le FreshX ka go latelana.<ref>Moneyweb (15 January 2025). "[https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/is-checkers-sixty60-eating-spar-alive/ Is Spar most exposed to the Checkers Sixty60 threat?]". Moneyweb. Retrieved 6 May 2025.</ref> == Ditso == Lebentlele la Checkers le tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le marataro (1956) ke Norman Herber kwa [[:en:Mayfair,_Johannesburg|Mayfair, Johannesburg]].<ref>Kahla, Cheryl (10 December 2018). [https://www.thesouthafrican.com/eat-in-best-grocery-specials-south-africas-supermarkets/ "Eat in for under R180: Best grocery specials at South Africa's supermarkets]". ''The South African''. Retrieved 10 December 2018.</ref><ref>M. C. Cant; J. W. Strydom; C. J. Jooste; P. J. du Plessis (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6uU-Dz-sCIQC&pg=PA375 Marketing Management]''. Juta and Company Ltd. pp.&#x20;375–. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7021-7188-8|978-0-7021-7188-8]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Herman Daniel Van Schalkwyk; Gavin C. G. Fraser; Ajuruchukwu Obi; Aad Van Tilburg (2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=sHaDsoU0TFAC&pg=PA152 ''Unlocking Markets to Smallholders: Lessons from South Africa''.] Wageningen Academic Pub. pp.&#x20;152–. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-90-8686-134-7|978-90-8686-134-7]]</bdi>.</ref>Kgwebo e ne ya atolosiwa moragonyana mme ya atlega ke [[:en:Raymond_Ackerman_(businessman)|Raymond Ackerman]]. Morekisi o ne a simolola dilwana tsa gagwe tse di senang leina, tse di bidiwang House Brands, ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano (1950), mme ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (1960), o ne a atolositswe go nna mabentlele a le masome a le borobabobedi go ralala Aforika Borwa. Gape ka dingwaga tsa bo borataro , Checkers e ne ya nna lebentlele la ntlha la go rekisa go dirisa dikgetsi tsa polyethylene tse di kitlaneng thata.<ref name="About Us" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone (1984), Checkers e ne ya simolola go reka kwa gae, ka Kantoro ya Poso ya Aforika Borwa, mme ngwaga o o latelang, morekisi o ne a simolola thulaganyo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya go duela ka karata ka tirisanommogo le Barclays Bank.<ref name="About Us" /> Gape ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1985), Checkers e ne ya simolola thulaganyo ya ntlha ya go tlisa korosari mo Aforika Borwa, mme ka sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borataro (1986), setlamo seno se ne sa tlhagisa mofuta wa ntlha wa go sekaseka ditlhwatlhwa tsa dikumo mo mabentleleng a sone.<ref name="About Us" /> Checkers e ne ya simolola letsholo le legolo go gaisa la go tshwaragana le bareki le le neng le dirwa ke morekisi wa Aforikaborwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990).<ref name="About Us" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1991), Checkers e ne ya rekwa ke ketane e nngwe ya mabentlele ya Aforika Borwa (e nngwe ya tse dikgolo go gaisa mo nageng), [[:en:Shoprite_(South_Africa)|Shoprite Group]].<ref>BT (21 August 2024). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/787575/the-man-who-built-south-africas-biggest-retail-empire/https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/787575/the-man-who-built-south-africas-biggest-retail-empire/ "The man who built South Africa's biggest retail empire"]. ''businesstech.co.za''. Retrieved 21 August 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016), Checkers e ne ya simolola sebopego sa yone sa lebentlele la FreshX,<ref name=":0" /> ka boikaelelo jo bo tlhamaletseng jwa go gaisana ka tlhamalalo le morekisi yo mogolo wa Aforika Borwa wa [[:en:Woolworths_(South_Africa)|Woolworths]], ka go lebisa kwa bathong ba ba amogelang lotseno lo lo kwa godimo.<ref>Akhona Matshoba (8 September 2021). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/checkers-freshx-to-compete-with-woolworths/ "Checkers FreshX to compete with Woolworths". Moneyweb]. Retrieved 27 February 2026.</ref> Sebopego se sešwa sa lebentlele, se se tlhotlheleditsweng ka bontlhabongwe ke kompone ya molekane IMS Argentina,<ref name=":2">[https://cbn.co.za/industry-news/retail-news/checkers-freshx-wins-with-premium-innovative-store-format/ "Checkers FreshX wins with premium, innovative store format"]. Cape Business News. 17 November 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2026.</ref> se ne se ikaeletse go nna sa maemo a a kwa godimo le go dirisana, go akaretsa le mafapha a a kgethegileng a a jaaka lefelo la go rekisa nama, lebentlele la borotho, bara ya sushi, bara ya kofi, le setoro sa mofine. Lefapha lengwe le lengwe le ne le tla nna le boitshupo jwa lone, mme thulaganyo le dikarolo tsa FreshX di ne di tla farologana thata le mabentlele a a leng teng a Checkers.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20250912005531/https://www.shopriteholdings.co.za/group/brands/checkers.html "Serving more affluent customers who prioritise convenience, quality and freshness]". Shoprite Holdings. Retrieved 27 February 2026.</ref> Mabentlele a FreshX a ne a tla nna le mowa o o kgetegileng, o o nang le bodilo jo bo boreledi jwa khokho gore go nne le modumo o o kwa tlase wa kolotsana ya go reka, didirisiwa tse dintsi tsa maemo a a kwa godimo tsa go kgabisa ka fa teng, tikologo e e senang tlhakatlhakano, le ditsela tse di bulegileng. Tlhamo ya sebopego se sesha o rometswe dikompone tsa moralo wa fa gare, mme ditshweetso tsena di irilwe gore bareki ba nne le maitemogelo a a nang le kagiso, a a iketlileng a itumedisa bareki. Mabenkele a mašwa a sebopego sa FreshX a ne a tla rekisa motswako wa kgwebo ya one le wa kgwebo tsa sephiri. FreshX e tla akaretsa gape le matshwaokgwebo a balekane, jaaka Kauai, Lindt, Krispy Kreme, le Starbucks, a a dirang ka fa tlase ga sekao sa lebentlele mo lebentleleng.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://www.designcompany.co.za/tdc-portfolio/checkers-freshx "TDC & Co - Checkers FreshX"]. TDC & Co. Retrieved 27 February 2026.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), Checkers Xtra Polokelo e ile ya itsise se mmuso lenaneo la boikanyego la kompone. Bareki ba ne ba ka bona dituelo ka go ikwadisetsa le go swaepa karata ya Xtra Savings, kgotsa go e bonesa mo megaleng ya bone.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021), Checkers e ne ya simolola [[:en:Pet_store|lebentlele diruiwa tsa mo lapeng]] la yone la ntlha le le ikemetseng , ka fa tlase ga letshwaokgwebo la [[:en:Petshop_Science|Petshop Science]]. E ne e le ketane ya ntlha ya mabenkele a magolo mo Aforika Borwa go dira jalo, mme ya simolola go atolosa letshwaokgwebo ka bonako go ralala naga.<ref name=":3">Nick Wilson (5 November 2024). [https://www.news24.com/business/companies/fur-baby-frenzy-shoprite-opens-its-100th-petshop-science-store-after-just-three-years-20241005 "Fur baby frenzy: Shoprite opens its 100th Petshop Science store after just three years]". news24. Retrieved 6 October 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022), Checkers ya kwa ntle e ne ya itsisiwe semmuso. Letshwaokgwebo le lešwa le ne le tla rekisa go kampa, tiro ya boitlosobodutu jwa kwa ntle, le dilwana tse di amanang le nama e beswang.<ref name=":0" />Ngwaga o o latelang, kompone e ne ya simolola diaparo tsa yone tsa Uniq ya Checkers, tse di neng di tlhomile mogopolo mo moaparong wa basadi.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), Checkers e ne e na le palo yotlhe ya maloko a karata ya boikanyegi ya Xtra Savings a le didikadike di le lesome le bobedi. Mo ngwageng o le mongwe wa matlole, lebentlele le legolo le begile kgolo ya thekiso ya karolo ya lesome le bobedi le ntlha tharo mo lekgolong ya kgolo ya thekiso ya lone la konokono la Checkers, Checkers Hyper, le Checkers Foods fa a kopantswe.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20241123041034/https://www.shopriteholdings.co.za/docs/shp-ir-2024.pdf Shoprite Holdings Integrated Report 2024]" (PDF). Shoprite. 2024. Retrieved 7 October 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ngwaga wa 2024, lebentlele la palo ya lekgolo la Petshop Saense le ne la bulwa.<ref name=":3" /> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2025, Checkers e ne ya bidiwa letshwaokgwebo le le nonofileng go gaisa mo Aforikaborwa mo Pegong ya Matlole a Letshwaokgwebo ya ngwaga wa 2025 ya Aforika Borwa ya bangwe ba lekgolo, mme ya bona tekanyetso ya AAA+, e leng tekanyetso e e kwa godimo ya maatla a letshwaokgwebo e e neng ya abelwa.<ref>[https://brandfinance.com/insights/checkers-driving-growth-through-digital-transformation-and-strategic-partnerships "Checkers: Driving growth through digital transformation and strategic partnerships | Brand Finance"]. 6 March 2025. Retrieved 19 February 2026.</ref> Morago ga moo ba ne ba dira ditso tsa kgwebo ka go sirolola kara ya ntlha e e botlhale ya Aforika Borwa, e e nang le mefuta e e farologaneng ya maranyane e e diretsweng go tokafatsa maitemogelo a go reka, ka Phatwe wa ngwaga oo.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20250822060203/https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/checkers-trials-sas-first-smart-trolley-with-built-in-checkout/ Checkers trials SA's first smart trolley with built-in checkout".] ''Moneyweb''. 21 August 2025. Archived from [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/checkers-trials-sas-first-smart-trolley-with-built-in-checkout/ the original] on 22 August 2025. Retrieved 19 February 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2025, Checkers e boletse maikaelelo a yone a go tswelela go kgarameletsa mo karolong ya kgwebo ya maemo a a kwa godimo mo Aforika Borwa, ka go fetolela mabentlele a le mantsi a a leng teng go nna sebopego sa yona sa maemo a a kwa godimo sa FreshX. Kompone e boletse fa diphetogo tse e le nngwe ya dilo tse di tlang pele mo go yone. Checkers e begile gore thekiso yotlhe ya FreshX e oketsegile ka karolo ya lesome le boraro ntlha e robangbobedi ngwaga le ngwaga, mme se se tsentse didikadike tsa di ranta dile lesome le bongwe ntlha e thataro mo lotsenong lotlhe lwa kompone.<ref name=":2" /> Gape ka ngwaga wa 2025, kompone e ne ya simolola lefelo la yone la kgwebo ya maranyane, le le kopanyang serala ya thomelo ya Sixty60.<ref name=":0" /> Ka kgwedi Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2026, Checkers e ne ya bega gore serala sa yone ya go isa dithoto fa di batliwa, e leng Sixty60, e ne e dira sentle thata. Fa karolo ya kompone ka kakaretso ya dijo tsa kwa lapeng e ntse e gola, thekiso ka serala ya Sixty60 e ne e oketsega ka dikelo tse di kwa godimo thata go na le go reka mo mabentleleng. Thekiso ya dithoto tsa RSA tsa Mabentlele a magolo a Shoprite Holdings e godile ka karolo ya bosupa le ntlha nngwe mo dikgweding di le thataro tse di fetileng, fa thekiso ya Sixty60 yone e oketsegile ka masome a mararo le bone ntlha thataro mo lekgolong mo pakeng e e tshwanang, mme ya gola go fitlha go didikadike tsa di ranta dile lesome le bongwe le ntlha e robangbongwe mo lekgolong . Palo ya mabentlele a Sixty60 e neng e le teng mo go one e ne e oketsegile ka go feta karolo ya masome a mane le botlhano mo lekgolong mo pakeng ya kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2024 go ya ko kgweding ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2025.<ref>Myles Illidge (3 March 2026). [https://mybroadband.co.za/news/it-services/631638-good-news-for-people-who-shop-on-checkers-sixty60-2.html "Good news for people who shop on Checkers Sixty60".] MyBroadband. Retrieved 4 March 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ngwaga wa 2026, Checkers e ne ya itsise gore mabentlele a yone a Hyper(a sebopego se segolo) a tla oketsa ka molekane yo mosha wa lebentlele mo lebentleleng, e leng kompone ya [[:en:Coffee|kofi]] ya [[:en:Nespresso|Nespresso]]. Ka kgaisano e e oketsegang mo lephateng la kgwebo ya Aforika Borwa, le tlhokego e e kgolo ya kofi ke bareki ba Aforika Borwa, lefelo la ntlha la Nespresso le ne la bulwa mo teng ga Checkers Hyper kwa lefelong la marekisetso la Centurion . Lebenktlele le legolo le ne la itsise ka nako eo gore lebentlele la bobedi la Nespresso le tla bulwa ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2026, mo teng ga Paarl Junction Hyper. Checkers a re mabentlele a Nespresso mo nakong e a tlaa nna fela mo mabentleleng a yone a Hyper, ka a na le sebaka sa go ba amogela. Checkers gape e boletse gore tirisanommogo e e tshwanela mokgele wa yone wa go tlisa matshwaokgwebo a a tsewang tsia a lefatshe lotlhe gaufi le bareki ka mabenkele a yone.<ref>Kabelo Khumalo (8 April 2026). "[https://www.businessday.co.za/companies/2026-04-08-checkers-and-nespresso-team-up-to-lure-coffee-lovers/ Checkers and Nespresso team up to lure coffee lovers]". BusinessDay. Retrieved 10 April 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2026, go ne ga begwa gore kompone ya motsadi ya Checkers ebong Shoprite e ne e na le se se bidiwang "mabentlele a lefifi" a le manè, go direla fela tirelo ya yone ya go tlisa dijo kwa gae ya Sixty60 e e batliwang. Mabentlele a a bereka yaaka mafelo a mannye a tiragatso e e nametsang, a oketsa dinako tsa tiragatso ya thomelo mo nakong mo mafelong a a naleng patlo e e ko godimo, mme a sa bulwelewa setshaba yaaka mabentlele a tlwaelo. Tse tharo tsa tsone di ne di le kwa Cape Town, mme e le nngwe e le kwa Joburg. Kompone e netefaditse fa e tshwaregile ka go aga lebentlele la ntlha la go nna jalo kwa KZN. Ka nako eo, Shoprite e netefaditse gore dithomelo tsa Sixty60 di ne tsa diragadiwa go tswa mo mabentleleng a le makgolo a borobabobedi le masome a borobabongwe le bone go ralala Aforika Borwa.<ref>Hanno Labuschagne (29 May 2026). [https://mybroadband.co.za/news/business/650776-new-checkers-sixty60-dark-store-in-south-africa.html "New Checkers Sixty60 dark store in South Africa"]. MyBroadband. Retrieved 1 June 2026.</ref> == Ditiro == [[Setshwantsho:Aisles in a Checkers in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Ditsela tsa dithoto tsa dijo mo lebentleleng la dijo tsa kwa lapeng la Checkers]] Ka ngwaga wa 2025, Checkers e ne e na le mabentlele a le makgolo a thataro le masome borataro le bongwe go ralala dinaga di le tharo. Palo yotlhe e e ne e akaretsa [[:en:Supermarket|mabentlele a magolo]] a le makgolo a le mararo le lesome, mabentlele a Checkers Hyper a le masome a mane, le Mabentlele a Bojalwa a Checkers a le makgolo a le mararo le lesome le bongwe.<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 2025, kompone e na le mabentlele a le lekgolo le masome a mane le bone a [[:en:Petshop_Science|diruiwa tsa mo]] [[:en:Petshop_Science|lapeng]] ka fa tlase ga letshwaokgwebo la yone la Petshop Science, mme se se dira gore e nne morekisi wa bobedi yo mogolo wa mabentlele a diruiwa tsa mo lapeng mo Aforika Borwa, morago ga letshwaokgwebo la [[:en:Woolworths_(South_Africa)|Woolworths]] la [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]].<ref>[https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/in-battle-for-pets-shoprite-is-catching-woolies-fast/ "In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast"]. Moneyweb. 30 September 2025. Retrieved 5 October 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Dairy Aisle in a Checkers in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Tselana ya mašwi mo lebentleleng la Checkers kwa Cape Town]] Difomete tsa mabenkele a setlamo ke: * Checkers- [[:en:Supermarket|marekisetso a bogolo]] jo bo tlwaelesegileng * Checkers FreshX - [[:en:Supermarket|marekisetso a bogolo]] jo bo tlwaelesegileng tse di lebisitsweng mo lephateng la dijo tsa ko lapeng ya maemo a a kwa godimo (ba ba amogelang lotseno lo lo kwa godimo) * Checkers Hyper - mabentlele a magolo a a nang le dilo tse dintsi go feta mabentlele a magolo, go akaretsa le didirisiwa tsa mo gae le diaparo * Diaparo tsa Uniq tsa Checkers [[Setshwantsho:Fresh Produce Section in a Checkers in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Karolo ya dikungo tse di itekanetseng tsa Checkers]] * Lebentlele la Bojalwa la Checkers - mabentlele a bojalwa a a kgaoganeng le mabentlele a magolo, go ya ka molao wa Aforika Borwa<ref>Luke Fraser (28 January 2025). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/809025/new-era-for-checkers-sixty60-in-south-africa/ "New era for Checkers Sixty60 in South Africa"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 6 May 2025.</ref> * littleme - dithoto tsa masea * Checkers ya tsa kwa ntle - dithoto tsa [[:en:Outdoor_recreation|kwa ntle]] * [[:en:Petshop_Science|Saense ya Lebentlele la Diruiwa]] - dithoto tsa [[:en:Pet|diruiwa]] == Masome a marataro60 == [[Setshwantsho:Checkers Liquor Shop Entrance in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Lebentlele la Bojalwa la Checkers kwa Durbanville]] Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ka ngwaga wa 2019, Checkers e ne ya simolola tsamaiso ya yone ya go tlisa dijo kwa gae, e e bidiwang Sixty60. Tirelo ya go tlisa dijo e e batliwang thata, e e theilweng mo tirisong e ne e le tirelo ya ntlha ya go tlisa dithoto kwa mabentleleng a magolo mo Aforikaborwa e e neng ya tlamela ka fensetere ya thomelo ya oura e le nngwe.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20250406164652/https://beta.sixty60.co.za/about-us Checkers Sixty60 - About Us]". Checkers. Retrieved 6 May 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Blue Route Mall Sign in Tokai, Cape Town (1).jpg|thumb|Matshwao Checkers Hyper kwa Blue Route Mall kwa Tokai, kwa Cape Town]] Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2024, Checkers e ne ya atolosa thata lenaneo la dithoto tsa tirelo ya thomelo go akaretsa dilwana tsa thekiso ka kakaretso di le dikete tse lesome,<ref>Daniel Puchert (5 March 2025). [https://mybroadband.co.za/news/internet/585516-big-change-for-checkers-sixty60.html "Big change for Checkers Sixty60"]. Mybroadband. Retrieved 6 May 2025.</ref>mme morago ga moo ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele wa one ngwaga oo, ya oketsa ka "dithoto tsa maemo a a kwa godimo" di le dikete tse pedi le makgolo a matlhano tse di neng di tla romelwa kwa [[:en:Cape_Town|Cape Town]] fela.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/checkers-rolls-out-the-new-sixty60-app-with-enhanced-features-699031a "Checkers rolls out the new Sixty60 app with enhanced features"]. Bizcommunity.com. 22 November 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2024, tirelo ya thomelo ya Sixty60 fa e batliwa e ne e le teng go tswa kwa mafelong a le makgolo a le marataro le bongwe , mme morekisi o ne a oketsa ka mafelo a mašwa a le masome a borobabongwe le borataro ka ngwaga wa 2024.<ref>Myles Illidge (20 May 2025). [https://mybroadband.co.za/news/it-services/595322-the-on-demand-delivery-giant-crushing-its-competition-in-south-africa.html "The on-demand delivery giant crushing its competition in South Africa"]. MyBroadband. Retrieved 21 May 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2025, morekisi o ne a tswelela go tlhama Sixty60 ka go tlhama kgetho e e dirilweng mo sebatling gore bareki ba e dirise. Mo e ka nnang ka nako e e tshwanang, go ne ga itsisiwe gore polatefomo ya thomelo e tla atologa mo teng ga ditiro tsa morekisi wa kgaitsadi [[:en:Shoprite_Holdings_Ltd|Shoprite]], go tswa mo makaleng a le 3 a a leng teng, go ya go palogotlhe ya a le 5, go ralala diporofense di le 3 tsa Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":4">Myles Illidge (20 May 2025). [https://mybroadband.co.za/news/it-services/595322-the-on-demand-delivery-giant-crushing-its-competition-in-south-africa.html "The on-demand delivery giant crushing its competition in South Africa"]. MyBroadband. Retrieved 21 May 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2026, go begilwe gore Checkers e atolositse Sixty60 go nna mabentlele a le makgolo a le borobabobedi le masome a le supa le botlhano go ralala Aforika Borwa<ref name=":4" /> mme bakgweetsi ba Checkers Sixty60 go begwa ba amogetse madi a a fetang didikadike di le lekgolo le masome a borataro ka dikeletso mo halofong ya bobedi ya 2025 fela.<ref>"[https://topauto.co.za/news/150363/checkers-sixty60-gets-r160-million-in-tips/ Checkers Sixty60 gets R160 million in tips]". Retrieved 14 July 2026.</ref> == Thulaganyo ya boikanyegi == Bareki ba Checkers ba ka dirisa karata ya bone ya boikanyegi ya Xtra Savings go fitlhelela diphokoletso tse di rileng tsa lenaneo. Dikarata di ka bonwa mo inthaneteng kgotsa mo lebentleleng. Ka ngwaga wa 2016 Checkers e ne ya leka karata ya boikanyegi ya Xtra Savings, mme morago ga moo ya e baya mo shelofong go fitlha e simolodisiwa kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2019. Thulaganyo e e letla bareki go ikwadisetsa karata e morago ga moo ba tla tlhokang go e swaepa fa ba reka. Go farologana le mananeo a mangwe a dituelo, bareki ba duelwa ka go boloka madi ka bonako fa ba reka go na le go bona dintlha tse ba tla di dirisang moragonyana.<ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-10-16-checkers-introduces-rewards-programme-xtra-savings-heres-how-it-works/ "Checkers introduces rewards programme 'Xtra savings' - here's how it works]". ''TimesLIVE''.</ref> Checkers e bolela gore tiriso ya karata e ka felela ka gore o boloke madi a a fitlhang go karolo ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong le go fitlhelela dithekiso dingwe ka bonako. Go na le dipotso dingwe tsa setšhaba ka ga gore a madi a a bolokilweng ke a nnete. Seno ke ka gonne ditlhwatlhwa tse di fokoditsweng di ile tsa bapisiwa le ditlhwatlhwa tse di tlwaelegileng tsa mabenkele a mangwe. Dipapiso tseno di lebega di supa gore dipoloko tse di bapaditsweng ke Checkers di feteleditswe.<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.co.za/checkers-xtra-savings-discount-card-relaunch-2019-10 "Checkers just revived 'Xtra Savings', its answer to Smart Shopper and WRewards – but its discounts are a little variable".] ''BusinessInsider''.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2024, motlamedi yo mogolo wa thuso ya kalafi (inšorense ya boitekanelo) ya Aforika Borwa le setheo sa matlole, [[:en:Discovery_Limited|Discovery]], se ne sa dirisana le Checkers go fa maloko a lenaneo la sone la dituelo tsa Discovery Vitality mosola wa HealthyFood go tswa mo dilong dingwe tse di rekisiwang kwa Checkers.<ref>Nkosinathi Ndlovu (1 August 2024). [https://techcentral.co.za/discovery-vitality-pick-n-pay-checkers/248982/ "Discovery Vitality ditches Pick n Pay for Checkers"]. Tech Central. Retrieved 6 May 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2025, Checkers e ne ya dirisana le setheo se segolo sa madi sa Aforika Borwa, [[:en:Standard_Bank|Standard Bank]], mme bareki ba banka ba ka bona dintlha tsa dituelo tsa Standard Bank uCount ka go reka kwa Checkers.<ref>Agency Staff (16 April 2025). [https://techcentral.co.za/standard-bank-checkers-sixty60-rewards/262437/ "Standard Bank joins forces with Checkers Sixty60"]. Tech Central. Retrieved 6 May 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20250407001223/https://beta.sixty60.co.za/ Sixty60 - uCount]". Checkers. Retrieved 6 May 2025.</ref> Bareki ba ka nna gape ba ikwadisetsa peeletso ya kgwedi le kgwedi ya Xtra Savings Plus, go bona dituelo tse di oketsegileng, le dithomelo tse di sa lekanyediwang tsa Sixty60 (fa fela go dirisitswe bonnye jwa madi a taelo).<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20250428015805/https://www.sixty60.co.za/xtra-savings-plus.html Xtra Savings Plus]". Checkers. Retrieved 6 May 2025.</ref> == Maikarabelo a kgwebo mo loagong == Ka ngwaga wa 2013, Checkers e ne ya tlhagisa [[:en:Shopping_bag|dikgetsi tsa ntlha tsa polasetiki]] tse di [[:en:Recycling_in_South_Africa|dirisiwang gape]] ka lekgolo mo lekgolong tsa go reka mo Aforikaborwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Kganetsano == Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 2025, mafelo a magolo a dikgang a Aforika Borwa a ne a simolola go gatisa dipego tse di bitsang bakgweetsi ba Checkers ba Sixty60 ba ba tlisang dithoto ka ntlha ya boitshwaro jwa bone jo bo kotsi jwa go kgweetsa. Ditafole tsa dikgang di lemogile tekanyetso ya Sixty60 ya bongwe le ntlha tse tlhano le boraro mo go tse botlhano, mo setsheng sa ditshwaelo tsa bareki ya Aforika Borwa ya HelloPeter. Le fa ditirelo tse dingwe tsa go isa dijo kwa mabentleleng a magolo le tsone di itsege ka go kgweetsa botlhaswa, bakgweetsi ba Checkers ba ntse ba tlhomilwe mogopolo thata ka ntlha ya go sa ele tlhoko fa ba le mo tseleng.<ref>Staff Writer (7 November 2025). "[https://topauto.co.za/news/137516/checkers-sixty60-drivers-out-of-control-in-south-africa/ Checkers Sixty60 drivers out of control in South Africa]". TopAuto. Retrieved 8 November 2025.</ref> Ka nako eo, Hein Jonker, mothei wa Setheo sa Pabalesego ya dikuta sa Aforika Borwa, o ne a bolela gore ditiro tsa bakgweetsi ba ba isang dithoto ga di ame bone fela, mme di ama bakgweetsi ba ba dikologileng, le gore bakgweetsi ba ba isang dithoto kwa mabentleleng a magolo ba tshwanetse go tsenela katiso ya tlhwatlwa ya go palama dikuta. Jonker o tsweletse ka go bolela gore ditlhopha tse di thapang kgotsa tse di dirang ditumalano le bakgweetsi ba ba tlisang dithoto di tshwanetse go sekaseka maitsholo a go kgweetsa, mme morago di tsenye mo tirisong dikgato tse di tlhomameng tsa go otlhaya go kgweetsa ka botlhaswa, le go duela go kgweetsa sentle. Kwa bofelong, Jonker a re matona a laolang pharakano ba tshwanetse go nna le seabe thata mo go tlhokomeleng maitsholo a bakgweetsi ba ba tlisang dithoto. Gape go nnile le dikopo go tswa mo bareking gore Checkers e tsereganye le go tlisa ditokafatso mo Sixty60.<ref>Myles Illidge (7 November 2025). [https://mybroadband.co.za/news/business/617073-checkers-sixty60-delivery-drivers-breaking-the-law.html "Checkers Sixty60 delivery drivers breaking the law"]. MyBroadband. Retrieved 8 November 2025.</ref> Fa e tsibogela se, Sixty60 e ne ya dirisana le Setheo sa Pabalesego ya Dikuta sa Aforika Borwa go tlamela ka dithuto tse di rulaganyeditsweng bapagami ba dikuta ba ditoropo. Mo godimo ga moo, bakgweetsi ba amogela dithuto tse di tseneletseng tsa go tsenngwa mo dikoloing tse di akaretsang sitsamaiso tsa pabalesego le ditsamaiso tsa dikotsi, katiso ya go kgweetsa ka go itshireletsa, le katiso ya go lwantsha go tseelwa dikoloi ka dikgoka. Bakgweetsi gape ba fiwa katiso ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya go tsosolosa ditlhogo tsa dithuto tse.<ref>Jonker, Hein (27 January 2025). [https://web.archive.org/web/20260716112739/https://www.msi.org.za/pingo-partners-with-the-motorcycle-safety-institute/ "Pingo partners with the Motorcycle Safety Institute"]. ''Motorcycle Safety Institute''. Retrieved 19 February 2026.</ref> Tshegetso e neelwa ditlhopha tsa bakgweetsi tse di mo setlhopeng mo lebaleng, dithutano tsa katiso tsa kgaolo le setlhopha sa tshegetso sa bogareng se se netefatsang pabalesego e e tswelelang ya bakgweetsi le bakgweetsi ba bangwe.<ref>[https://www.enca.com/lifestyle/inside-sixty60-how-shoprite-trains-thousands-delivery-riders "Inside Sixty60: How Shoprite trains thousands of delivery riders - eNCA"]. ''www.enca.com''. 2026-0303-0707. Retrieved 2026-07-14.</ref> <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20250402043403/https://www.pingodeliver.co.za/ Pingo | The on-demand delivery network of choice]". ''www.pingodeliver.co.za''. Archived from [https://www.pingodeliver.co.za/ the original] on 2 April 2025. Retrieved 14 July 2026.</ref> == Bona gape == * [[:en:Retailing_in_South_Africa|Kgwebo mo Aforikaborwa]] == Metswedi == <references /> == Dikgokagano tsa kwa ntle == * [http://www.checkers.co.za/ Setsa sa maranyane sa semmuso] * eue61jrjpl21nph7t4ap8brtfpk3d7b Setlhopha sa Kgwele ya Dinao sa Black Lions F.C. 0 14360 53409 52244 2026-07-27T21:48:15Z Atsile Edith 11759 Ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 53409 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Black Lions''' ke setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa kwa [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]]. Setlhopha se tshameka mo [[Botswana Premier League]] == Ditso == Tlelapa e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), mme ya kwadisiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025) go tshameka mo Division Two. Le fa go ntse jalo, ba rekile maemo a Premier League go tswa go VTM FC mme ba tshameka mo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025) go ya ko ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro (2026) Botswana Premier League. Mogokgo wa maloba wa [[Orlando Pirates F.C.|Orlando Pirates]], [[Owen da Gama]], o ne a ba katisa mo tshimologong ya setlha sa bone sa ntlha mo setlhopheng sa maemo a a kwa godimo <ref>[https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/botswana-owen-da-gama-lowers-black-lions-fc-s-expectations/ Botswana: Owen da Gama lowers Black Lions FC's expectations".] 28 August 2025. Retrieved 27 November 2025.</ref><ref>Dube, Mqondisi (22 August 2025). [https://www.mmegi.bw/sports/will-the-lions-roar-in-an-unforgiving-jungle/news "Will the Lions roar in an unforgiving jungle?".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 27 November 2025.</ref>go fitlha a tsamaya ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025).<ref>Dube, Mthokozisi (3 December 2025). [https://farpost.co.za/2025/12/03/owen-da-gama-parts-ways-with-botswanas-black-lions/ "Owen Da Gama parts ways with Botswana's Black Lions".] ''Farpost''. Retrieved 3 December 2025.</ref> Ba simolotse ka go fenngwa gararo ka tatelano pele ba bona sebopego se sengwe mme ba tlhatlogela kwa godimo mo tafoleng.<ref>Boranabi, Kabelo (7 November 2025). [https://www.mmegi.bw/sports/lions-roar-towards-respectable-position/news "Lions roar towards respectable position".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 27 November 2025</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), tlelapa e ne ya ntsha moneelo wa didiriswa tsa boleng jwa dikete tsa dipula tse lesome go Boitekanelo College.<ref>Malabe, Chawada (15 September 2025). [https://thevoicebw.com/black-lions-fc-donates/ "Black Lions FC Donates » TheVoiceBW".] ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 27 November 2025</ref> == Metswedi == 0yrb8ursovbhr3zo7emqi18zrqext99 Botsalano jwa lefatshe la Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe 0 14386 53357 53308 2026-07-27T13:36:24Z Ziv 11286 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Flag of North Korea (2026–present).svg]] → [[File:Flag of North Korea (March 2026-).svg]] → File replacement: changing the name of a duplicate file ([[c:c:GR]]) 53357 wikitext text/x-wiki Lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le tsaya tirisanommogo mo go tsa itsholelo le polotiki mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] ka tlhwaafalo. Le lekile go dira gore lekgotla la [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC), le bereke mo go tsa tlhabololo itsholelo, gape le tokafaditse maiteko a go dira gore kgaolo e itirele melao fa go tsena mo go tsa tirisanommogo, go rarabolola tlhoka kutlwisisano, le boteledipele jo bo siameng. == Botsalano jwa polotiki == Mafatshe a a nang le botsalano le la Botswana mo go tsa sepolotiki: {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |[[Setshwantsho:Diplomatic relations of Botswana.svg|center|frameless|350x350px]] |- |# |'''Lefatshe''' |'''Kgwedi'''<ref>[https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic%20relations%20between%20Botswana%20and%20...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United%20Nations%20Digital%20Library%20System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 "Diplomatic relations between Botswana and ..."] United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |1 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[United Kingdom]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref name=":1">''The Diplomatic Service List''. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1970. pp.&nbsp;136–149.</ref> |- |2 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Japan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Japan]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220801145836/https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/botswana-and-japan-celebrate-50-years-of-diplomatic-relations "Botswana And Japan Celebrate 50 Years of Diplomatic Relations".] [[Botswana Guardian|''Botswana Guardian''.]] 5 August 2016. Archived from [https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/botswana-and-japan-celebrate-50-years-of-diplomatic-relations the original] on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |3 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[United States of America]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://history.state.gov/countries/all "All Countries".] ''Office of the Historian''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |4 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Germany.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Germany]] |Phalane a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender/botsuana-node/botsuana-219506 "Botsuana: Steckbrief".] ''Auswärtiges Amt'' (in German). Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |5 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Zambia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Zambia]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref name=":0">''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. pp.&nbsp;82–87.</ref> |- |6 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of France.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[France]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa<ref>[https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945"] (PDF) (in French). p.&nbsp;44.</ref> |- |7 |[[Setshwantsho:War Flag of the Philippines.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Philippines]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://x.com/DFAPHL/status/828400555722756096 "Today we celebrate 50 years of formal diplomatic relations with Botswana!".] 6 February 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |8 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Israel.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Israel]] |Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/outspoken-botswana-loses-its-voice-on-israel/ "Outspoken Botswana loses its voice on Israel".] ''Sunday Standard''. 3 November 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231103014414/https://www.sundaystandard.info/outspoken-botswana-loses-its-voice-on-israel/ Archived] from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |9 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Malawi.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Malawi]] |Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Report''. Malawi. Police Force. 1968. p.&nbsp;2.</ref> |- |10 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Netherlands]] |Phatwe a le lesome, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 86-90'' (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1967. p.&nbsp;152.</ref> |- |11 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Switzerland.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Switzerland]] |Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://dodis.ch/32532 "Ernennung eines schweizerischen Botschafters in Botswana und Lesotho. Sitz in Pretoria".] ''dodis.ch'' (in German). 22 August 1967. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |12 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Ethiopia (1996–2009).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Ethiopia]] |Phalane a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bosupa<ref name=":0" /> |- |13 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Kenya.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Kenya]] |Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a le marataro le bosupa<ref name=":0" /> |- |14 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Norway.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Norway]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robbaongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater"] (PDF). ''regjeringen.no'' (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |15 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Sweden.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Sweden]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marararo le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstreams/c2f5a602-de12-4d98-b2c4-11de6ac633b9/download "Sveriges statskalender 1969"] (in Swedish). p.&nbsp;46. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |16 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Korea.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[South Korea]] |Moranang a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>[https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/list.do "Countries & Regions"]. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |17 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Austria.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Austria]] |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>''Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa, Capetown Volume 2''. 1970. p.&nbsp;458. <q>Austrian Ambassador , Paul Zedwitz , presenting his credentials to Sir Seretse Khama , 5 Dec. 1968 . at Gaberones</q></ref><ref>''Diplomatic, Consular and International Organisations List''. Republic of Botswana. 1971. p.&nbsp;1. <q>5.12.68 His Excellency Dr. Paul Zedtwitz, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Austria (Resident in Pretoria).</q></ref> |- |18 | [[Setshwantsho:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Canada]] |Morule a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>Linwood, DeLong (January 2020). [https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019 "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019".] Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |19 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Nigeria.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Nigeria]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''Kutlwano, 9-10''. Bechuanaland Protectorate. Information Branch, Botswana. Information Services. 1974. p.&nbsp;4.</ref> |- |20 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Czech Republic]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref name=":0" /> |- |21 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Russia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Russia]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''Africa Quarterly''. Vol.&nbsp;10. Indian Centre for Africa. 1970. p.&nbsp;37.</ref> |- |22 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Denmark.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Denmark]] |Motsheganong a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''[https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/910992.pdf Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender 1971]'' (PDF) (in Danish). 1971. p.&nbsp;23.</ref> |- |23 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Serbia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Serbia]] |Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>Presse, Agence France (1970). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=Muo0AQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y Africa]''. Agence France-Presse. p.&nbsp;32.</ref> |- |24 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Italy.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Italia]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/281137451918748/photos/a.292204164145410/1151053924927092/?type=3&_rdr "Dr. Filippo Scammacca Del Murgo e Dell Agnone presented his credentials to Dr. Sertese Khama Ian Khama".] ''Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Botswana in Facebook''. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |25 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Romania.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Romania]] |Phalane a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le motso<ref>[https://www.mae.ro/en/node/2187 "Diplomatic Relations of Romania".] Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |26 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Belgium]] |Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a robabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le motso<ref>''Diplomatic, Consular and International Organisations List''. Republic of Botswana. 1971. p.&nbsp;2.</ref> |- |27 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Tanzania.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Tanzania]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi |- |28 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of India.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[India]] |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi<ref>''Asia & Africa Review''. Vol.&nbsp;12. Independent Publishing Company. 1972. p.&nbsp;15.</ref> |- |29 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Egypt.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Egypt]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a supa, masome a supa le boraro<ref>''ARR, Arab Report and Record''. Vol.&nbsp;1–18, 21–24. 1973. p.&nbsp;7.</ref> |- |30 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Lesotho.svg|frameless|30x30px]][[Lesotho]] |Moranang ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le boraro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230623071827/https://istmat.org/files/uploads/55959/003_zarubezhnye_strany.pdf "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1974. Выпуск восемнадцатый: Зарубежные страны"] (PDF) (in Russian). p.&nbsp;322. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |31 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Australia]] |Phukwi a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le boraro<ref>''Facts and Figures of Australia at War''. Vol.&nbsp;119. Australian News and Information Bureau, Department of the Interior. 1973. p.&nbsp;95.</ref> |- |32 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of North Korea (March 2026-).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[North Korea]] (e seegetswe kwa thoko ka nakwana) |Morule a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bone<ref>[https://ghostarchive.org/archive/2rX2V "DPRK Diplomatic Relations"] (PDF). NCNK. 2016. pp.&nbsp;8–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |33 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[China]] |Firikgong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/system/index_17321.shtml "Joint Communique Regarding the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Botswana".] 25 April 2002. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |34 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Ghana.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Ghana]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://gna.org.gh/2025/05/botswana-delegation-visits-ghana-to-study-transformative-tvet-framework-and-policies/ "Botswana Delegation Visits Ghana to Study Transformative TVET Framework and Policies".] 11 May 2025. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |35 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Guyana.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Guyana]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191224073504/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/ "Diplomatic relations".] Archived from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |36 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Mexico.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Mexico]] |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>''Informe de labores – Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores'' (in Spanish). Mexico. Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. 1976. pp.&nbsp;26 and 36–37.</ref> |- |37 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Mozambique.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Mozambique]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/281137451918748/photos/the-high-commissioner-of-mozambique-his-excellency-domingos-fernades-presenting-/1125072150858603/ "The High Commissioner of Mozambique, His Excellency Domingos Fernades presenting his Letters of Credence to the President of Botswana, His Excellency Lt. Gen. Dr. Seretse Khama Ian Khama, on 2 February 2016"]. 4 February 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2026&#x2013; via Facebook.</ref> |- |38 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Eswatini.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Eswatini]] |Motsheganong a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borataro<ref>''Directory of the Diplomatic Corps and International Organizations''. Botswana, Botswana. Office of the President. External Affairs. 1978. p.&nbsp;3.</ref> |- |39 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Libya.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Libya]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bosupa<ref>''ARR: Arab Report and Record''. Economic Features, Limited. 1977. p.&nbsp;165.</ref> |- |40 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Luxemborg|Luxembourg]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bosupa<ref>[https://aei.pitt.edu/52731/1/B0795.pdf "CORPS DIPLOMATIQUE accrédité auprès des Communautés européennes"] (PDF) (in French). 30 September 1977. pp.&nbsp;1, 29. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref><ref>[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.146909/page/n926/mode/1up|''The Europa Year Book 1978 A World Survey Vol.-i''. Europa]] Publication Limited. 1978.</ref> |- |41 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Cuba.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Cuba]] |Morule a robabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bosupa<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220707064931/https://www.minrex.gob.cu/es/node/1944 "Firman Cuba y Botswana acuerdo de cooperación en sector de Salud"] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |42 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Argentina.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Argentina]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi |- |43 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Greece (1970–1975).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Greece]] |Moranang a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borobabobedi |- |44 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Finland.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Finland]] |Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180330044440/http://formin.finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?nodeid=17195&contentlan=2&culture=en-US "Countries and regions A–Z"]. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |45 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Poland.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Poland]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi |- |46 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Algeria.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Algeria]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabongwe<ref>Slimane Chikh (1980). ''Le Maghreb et l'Afrique subsaharienne'' (in French). Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique. p.&nbsp;10. <q>Botswana (30/11/79) Mohamed Chellali Khouri</q></ref> |- |47 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Angola.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Angola]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi<ref>''Sub-Saharan Africa Report Issues 2243-2247''. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1980. p.&nbsp;7. <q>7 Mar 80 ] ANGOLA - BOTSWANA DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS -- The governments of Botswana and Angola have decided to establish diplomatic relations .</q></ref> |- |48 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Portugal (official).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Portugal]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi<ref>[https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/relacoesbilaterais/paises "Países".] ''Portal Diplomático'' (in Portuguese). Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |49 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Hungary.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Hungary]] |Moranang a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi<ref>''Hungary – Page 170''. Pannonia Press, 1980</ref> |- |50 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Turkey.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Turkey]] |Firikgong a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso |- |51 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Spain]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe ngwaga wa Sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso<ref>[https://www.exteriores.gob.es/es/Comunicacion/Paginas/Ficha.aspx "Ficha de paises y territorios"] (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |52 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Jamaica.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Jamaica]] |Motsheganong a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi |- |53 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Bulgaria]] |Phatwe a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi<ref>''Keesing's Contemporary Archives – Page 32055''. Keesing's Limited., 1983.</ref> |- |54 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Albania.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Albania]] |Phatwe a le masome a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi<ref>''Keesing's Contemporary Archives – Page 32055''. Keesing's Limited., 1983.</ref> |- |55 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Zimbabwe]] |Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robaongwe, masome a robabobedi le boraro<ref>''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p.&nbsp;103</ref> |- |56 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Bangladesh]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le boraro<ref>''News Review on South Asia and Indian Ocean''. Institute for Defence Studies & Analyses., 1983. p.&nbsp;442.</ref> |- |57 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Brazil.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Brazil]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le botlhano |- |58 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Thailand.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Thailand]] |Ngwanatsele e a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le botlhano<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240816013201/https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content-category/5d5bcb4e15e39c3060006875 "อเมริกาและแปซิฟิก"] (in Thai). Archived from [https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content-category/5d5bcb4e15e39c3060006875 the original] on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |59 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Iraq (2008).png|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Iraq]] |Phukwi a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borataro<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/jprs-report_jprs-ssa-86-086/page/n13/mode/1up?q=credentials Sub-Saharan Africa Report]''. United States Joint Publications Research Service. 18 August 1986. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |60 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Pakistan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Pakistan]] |Phatwe a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borataro<ref>''Pakistan Horizon – Volume 39''. Pakistan Institute of International Affairs. 1986. p.&nbsp;108.</ref> |- |61 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of New Zealand.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[New Zealand]] |ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bosupa<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090122004704/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Embassies/3-NZ-Ambassadors/countries-b.php "New Zealand Heads of Overseas Missions – B".] ''mfat.govt.nz''. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009.</ref> |- |62 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Seychelles.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Seychelles]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi |- |63 |[[Setshwantsho:State flag of Iran (1964–1980).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Iran]] |Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi<ref>''Directory of Iranian Officials''. 1991. p.&nbsp;69.</ref> |- |64 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Vanuatu (official).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Vanuatu]] |Ngwanatsele a rogwa, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240925183844/https://mfaicet.gov.vu/images/documents/VANUATU_NATIONAL_FOREIGN_POLICY.pdf "Vanuatu Diplomatic Relations"] (PDF). ''mfaicet.gov.vu''. p.&nbsp;50. Archived from [https://mfaicet.gov.vu/images/documents/VANUATU_NATIONAL_FOREIGN_POLICY.pdf the original] (PDF) on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |65 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Uganda.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Uganda]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a robabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe<ref name=":3">''Diplomatic List 1995''. Botswana, Botswana. Department of Foreign Affairs. 1995. pp.&nbsp;xiii.</ref> |- |66 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Gran Colombia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Colombia]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe |- |67 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Somalia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Somalia]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe<ref name=":3" /> |- |68 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Iceland.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Iceland]] |Moranang a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe<ref>Thorsteinsson, Pétur J. (1992). ''Utanríkisþjónusta Íslands og utanríkismál: sögulegt yfirlit'' (in Icelandic). pp.&nbsp;1065–1066.</ref> |- |69 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Namibia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Namibia]] |Phukwi a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe<ref>Mushelenga, Samuel Abraham Peyavali (2008). [https://uir.unisa.ac.za/service-interruption.html?sequence=4&isAllowed=y "Foreign policy-making in Namibia : the dynamics of the smallness of a state"] (PDF). pp.&nbsp;254–259.</ref> |- |70 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Malaysia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Malaysia]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe<ref>[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=oVrVK2ElINMC&dq=26+Nov.+1990+Diplomatic+relations+are+established+with+Malaysia&pg=PA108&redir_esc=y ''Southern African Political History A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''.] Greenwood Press. 1999. p.&nbsp;108. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780313302473|<bdi>9780313302473</bdi>.]] Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |71 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Tunisia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Tunisia]] |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi |- |72 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Singapore.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Singapore]] |Phatwe a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230314222839/https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Overseas-Missions/-/media/D74B3129AEFA44BB8FC411746F005489.ashx "Diplomatic & consular list".] ''Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore''. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |73 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Africa.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Aforika Borwa]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bone<ref>[https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02167/04lv02168/05lv02169.htm "1994".] ''The O’Malley archive''. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |74 |[[Kuwait]] |Seetebosigo a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro<ref>''Daily Report: Africa (Sub-Sahara)''. Vol.&nbsp;96. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1996. <q>Botswana: Diplomatic Relations With Kuwait Established</q></ref> |- |75 |[[Ireland]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/281137451918748/photos/the-minister-of-international-affairs-and-cooperation-speaks-with-the-irish-mini/3338393609526435/ "The Minister of International Affairs And Cooperation Speaks with the Irish Minister of Foreign Affairs And Trade".] 1 June 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2026 &#x2013; via Facebook.</ref> |- |76 |[[Chile]] |Phalane a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa<ref>"Reseña histórica de la presencia chilena en África" (in Spanish). p.&nbsp;6. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |77 |[[Trinidad and Tobago]] |Motsheganong a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi |- |78 |[[Slovakia]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le motso<ref>[https://www.mzv.sk/staty "Štáty a teritóriá"] (in Slovak). Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref> |- |79 |[[Mauritius]] |Moranang a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi<ref>''Diplomatic List''. Botswana. Department of Foreign Affairs. 2003. p.&nbsp;111.</ref> |- |80 |[[Latvia]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro<ref>[https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations "Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations".] ''mfa.gov.lv''. 1 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |81 |[[Estonia]] |Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro<ref>[https://www.vm.ee/suhted-teiste-riikide-ja-organisatsioonidega/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia"] (in Estonian). 30 January 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |82 |[[Lithuania]] |Tlhakole a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220110123939/https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations".] Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |83 |[[Ukraine]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a mane ngwaga dikete pedi le bone<ref>[https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/middle-east-and-africa "Middle East and Africa". ''M'']''inistry of Foreign Affairs''. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |84 |[[Rwanda]] |Lwetse, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/81051 "Rwanda Botswana relations symbiotic".] 11 August 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |85 |[[Malta]] |Firikgong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211224125943/https://foreignandeu.gov.mt/en/Treaties%20Series/Pages/Treaties%20Documents/Botswana---Agreement-on-the-establishment-of-Diplomatic-Relations-between-the-Republic-of-Malta-and-the-Republic-of-Botswan.aspx "Botswana – Agreement on the establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Malta and the Republic of Botswana".] Archived from [https://foreign.gov.mt/ the original] on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |86 |[[Cyprus]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano |- |87 |[[Morocco]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano |- |88 |[[Slovenia]] |Phukwi a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano |- |89 |[[Madagascar]] |Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170220194957/https://newsmada.com/2017/02/15/cooperation-le-botswana-sinteresse-a-la-grande-ile "Coopération : le Botswana s'intéresse à la Grande île".] ''newsmada.com'' (in French). 15 February 2017. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20170220194957/https://newsmada.com/2017/02/15/cooperation-le-botswana-sinteresse-a-la-grande-ile the original] on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |90 |[[Croatia]] |Lwetse a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano<ref>[https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800 "Bilateral relations – Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations"]. ''Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia''. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |91 |[[Belarus]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |92 |[[United Arab Emirates]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga w dikete pedi le borataro<ref>[https://www.wam.ae/en/details/1395227642979 "UAE and Botswana establish diplomatic relations".] 29 April 2006.</ref> |- |93 |[[Bahamas]] |Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro<ref>[http://www.bahamasuncensored.com/ConsCorpsXmas06_MFA.html "Mitchell addresses Diplomats Christmas Luncheon".] 13 December 2006. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |94 |[[Dominican Republic]] |Phalane a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171004004739/http://enlacecongreso.mirex.gob.do/ecc/Lists/Establecimiento%20de%20Relaciones%20Diplomticas/AllItems.aspx "Establecimiento De Relaciones Diplomáticas"] (in Spanish). Archived from [http://enlacecongreso.mirex.gob.do/ecc/Lists/Establecimiento%20de%20Relaciones%20Diplomticas/AllItems.aspx the original] on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |95 |[[Republic of the Congo]] |Ngwanatsele a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |96 |[[Qatar]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |97 |[[Equatorial Guinea]] |Morule a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro<ref>[https://minexteriores.gob.gq/wp-content/uploads/ACUERDOS-GUINEA-ECUATORIAL-BOTSUANA.pdf "Acuerdos Firmados Entre Guinea Euatorial Y Botswana"] (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |98 |[[Barbados]] |Morule a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |99 |[[Gabon]] |Morule a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |100 |[[Niger]] |Morule a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |101 |[[Sudan]] |Firikgong a le lesome ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |102 |[[Burkina Faso]] |Firikgong a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |103 |[[Benin]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |104 |[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |105 |[[Saudi Arabia]] |Mopitlo a rogwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230817201141/https://sp.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=429339 "Saudi Arabia, Botswana Establish Diplomatic Relations".] 1 March 2007. Archived from [https://sp.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=429339 the original] on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |106 |[[Burundi]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |107 |[[Djibouti]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130818144121/http://www.djibdiplomatie.dj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=439&Itemid=17 "Etat des relations".] ''Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation Internationale Djibouti'' (in French). Archived from [http://www.djibdiplomatie.dj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=439&Itemid=17 the original] on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |108 |[[Guinea]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |109 |[[Uruguay]] |Motsheganong a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa<ref>''Keesing's Contemporary Archives – Page 32055''. Keesing's Limited., 1983.</ref> |- |110 |[[Guatemala]] |Motsheganong a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |111 |[[Mauritania]] |Motsheganong a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |112 |[[Ecuador]] |Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |113 |[[Mali]] |Seetebosigo a le malatis a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |114 |[[Ivory Coast]] |Seetebosigo a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |115 |[[Venezuela]] |Phukwi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |116 |[[Paraguay]] |Phukwi a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |117 |[[Honduras]] |Phukwi a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |118 |[[Dominica]] |Phukwi a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |119 |[[Nicaragua]] |Phatwe a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |120 |[[Costa Rica]] |Lwetse a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa<ref>[https://x.com/CRcancilleria/status/1304499050432135172 "Celebramos 13 años de relaciones diplomáticas con la República de Botsuana y Costa rica"] (in Spanish). 11 September 2020.</ref> |- |121 |[[Antigua and Barbuda]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |122 |[[Suriname]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |123 |[[Belize]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161222155933/http://www.mofaic.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=134:bilateral-relations-b&catid=2&Itemid=43 "Bilateral Relations: B".] Botswana: Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation. Archived from [http://www.mofaic.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=134:bilateral-relations-b&catid=2&Itemid=43 the original] on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |124 |[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |Lwetse a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi |- |125 |[[Sri Lanka]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi |- |126 |[[Holy See]] |Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi<ref>[https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/diplomatic-relations-of-the-holy-see.php "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See"]. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |127 |[[Nepal]] |Firikgong a le malatsi a robabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |128 |[[Vietnam]] |Tlhakole a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |129 |[[Saint Kitts and nevis]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |130 |[[North Macedonia]] |Lwetse a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |131 |[[Panama]] |Morule a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |132 |[[Georgia]] |Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |133 |[[Samoa]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |134 |[[Guinea-Bissau]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |135 |[[Montenegro]] |Phukwi a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |136 |[[Liberia]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le motso ngwagawa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |137 |[[Solomon Islands]] |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |138 |[[Papua New Guinea]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |139 |[[Monaco]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso |- |140 |[[Fiji]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso |- |141 |[[South Sudan]] |Phukwi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso |- |142 |[[Indonesia]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi |- |143 |[[Chad]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |144 |[[Sierra Leone]] |Tlhakole a le leome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |145 |[[Senegal]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |146 |[[State of Palestine]] |Mopitlo a robabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa |- |147 |[[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] |Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi |- |148 |[[Comoros]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi |- |149 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Togo]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso |- |150 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Central African Republic]] |Phalane a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/lepotentielcentrafricain/posts/2944388082541603/?locale=hi_IN&_rdr "L'ambassadeur Nzapayeke est accredite aupres de la Republique du Botswana".] ''Le Potentiel Centrafricain.com'' (in French). Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |151 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/BWPresidency/videos/arrival-of-ambassador-designate-mrs-emillie-a-mushobekwa-of-the-democratic-repub/525396969660843/ "Arrival of Ambassador Designate Mrs Emillie A. Mushobekwa of the Democratic Republic of Congo, for Presentation of Letters of Credence at the Office of The President, Gaborone".] 9 February 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026 &#x2013; via Facebook.</ref> |- |152 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Mongolia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Mongolia]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |153 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Saint Lucia]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |154 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Tajikistan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Tajikistan]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |155 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Laos.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Laos]] |Morule a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |156 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Maldives.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Maldives]] |Morule a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |157 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Armenia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Armenia]] |Morule a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro<ref>[https://armenpress.am/en/article/1126252 "Diplomatic relations established between Armenia and Botswana".] ''[[:en:Armenpress|Armenpress]]''. 14 December 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |158 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of The Gambia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[The Gambia]] |Tlhakole a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/bwpresidency/p/C3S5SkFNZDZ/?img_index=1 "President Masisi recieves &#x5B;sic&#x5D; letters of credence from ambassador designates".] ''bwpresidency''. 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |159 |[[Setshwantsho:Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Bolivia]] |Phatwe a rogwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone |- |160 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Turkey.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Uzbekistan]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.tengritimes.com/en/post/uzbekistan-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-another-african-country-botswana "Uzbekistan establishes diplomatic relations with another African country - Botswana".] ''Times Tenrgi''. 26 September 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |161 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Liechtenstein]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.llv.li/serviceportal2/amtsstellen/stabstelle-regierungskanzlei/rechenschaftsbericht-2024.pdf "Landtag, Regierung und Gerichte 2024"] (PDF) (in German). 2025. p.&nbsp;153.</ref> |- |162 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Kyrgyzstan]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1063928925778499&id=100064842032316&_rdr "Botswana and Kyrgyz Republic establish diplomatic relations".] ''Ministry of International Relations, Botswana on Facebook''. 5 March 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |163 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Oman.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Oman]] |Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |164 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Turkmenistan]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |165 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Kazakhstan]] |Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le botlhano |- |166 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Azerbaijan]] |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |167 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Cape Verde]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome mabedi le borataro<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/Presidencia.cv/posts/pfbid02pbCw2AhzDQwXmCuRaA6VwH5s23rDvgJ2B25jsnAdgBrWz7T1QYTJvxUVS3xvnjKyl "PR recebe Cartas Credenciais da nova Embaixadora de Botswana".] ''Presidência da República de Cabo Verde'' (in Portuguese). 25 February 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026.</ref> |- |168 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of El Salvador.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[El Salvador]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro |- |169 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Moldova.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Moldova]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro |- |170 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Bahrain.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Bahrain]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro<ref>[https://www.bna.bh/en/BahrainBotswanaestablishdiplomaticrelations.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2bDpZCGkNlmsjjveUvx%2fDgvs4%3d "Bahrain, Botswana establish diplomatic relations".] ''Bahrain News Agency''. 30 June 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |} == Botsalano gareng ga mafatshe a mabedi == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Lefatshe !Tshimologo ya botsalano !Dintlha |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Australia]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro | *Lefatshe la [[Australia]] le amogetswe ke la Botswana go tswa kwa ofising ya boemedi kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)]], [[Aforika Borwa]], ka |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[China]] |Firikgong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le botlhano |Mafatshe a mabedi a dirile botsalano ka Firikgong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ "Joint Communique Regarding the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Botswana (MFA People's Republic of China)".]</ref> Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le China]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Beijing * Lefatshe la China le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Greece (1970–1975).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Greece]] |Moranang a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi |Mafatshe o o mabedi a dirile botsalano ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome<ref>[https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1486125?ln=en "Diplomatic relations between Greece and Botswana as of 10 Apr. 1978 (UN Digital Library)".] 10 April 1978.</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke la Greece go dirisa diofisi kgolo tsa kemedi ya sennela ruri kwa Geneva, Switzerland * Lefatshe la Greece le dumeletswe ke la Botswana go dirisa diofisi tsa kemedi kwa Pretoria, Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://www.mfa.gr/en/bilateral-relations/botswana/ "Greece's Bilateral Relations".]</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of India.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[India]] |Firkgong a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete, amkgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le India]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[New Dehli]] * Lefatshe la India le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Indonesia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Indonesia]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi |Mafatshe a ka bobedi a tlhamile botsalano ka Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobaobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi * Leaftshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke la Indonesia go dirisia diofisi tse di kwa Canberra, Australia<ref>[https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/kedutaan "Missions &#x7C; Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia".]</ref> * Lefatshe al Indonesia le dumeletswe ke la Botswana go dirisa ofisi ya lne e e kwa Pretoria, Aforika Borwa<ref>[https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/kedutaan "Missions &#x7C; Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia".]</ref><ref>[https://kemlu.go.id/pretoria/en "Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia Pretoria Accredited to the Republic of Botswana, Kingdom of Eswatini, and the Kingdom of Lesotho South Africa"].</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Israel.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Israel]] | |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Israel]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke la Israel go nna le diofisi kwa London, United Kingdom * Lefatshe la Israel le dumeletswe ke la Botswana go dirisa diofisi tsa lone kwa Pretoria, Aforika Borwa |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Kenya.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Kenya]] |Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p.&nbsp;83.</ref> |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Kenya]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya moemedi kwa [[Nairobi]] * Lefatshe la Kenya le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Mexico.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Mexico]] |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le botlhano |Mafatshe o o mabedi a dirile botsalano jwa polotiki ka Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le botlhano.<ref>[https://centrogilbertobosques.senado.gob.mx/docs/NI_Nombramientos_Senado_270218.pdf "Nombramientos Diplomáticos De Reciente Ingreso Al Senado De La Republica En Africa,el Caribe Y Europa Page 8]" (PDF). [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/DgAjG Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke la Mexico kwa ofising ya lone kwa Washinton D.C kwa United States le na le ofisi kwa toropo ya Mexico City<ref>[https://www.botswanaembassy.org/ "Welcome to Embassy of the Republic of Botswana in Washington, D.C. | Embassy of the Republic of Botswana in Washington, D.C."] ''botswanaembassy.org''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke ofisi ya lone kwa Pretoria Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/sudafrica/ "Inicio".] ''embamex.sre.gob.mx''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Namibia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Namibia]] |Lwetse a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Namibia]] Botsalano jwa Botswana le Namibia ke jwa kutlwano, mafatshe a mabedi a a mabapi a, a dirisana mo go tsa tlhabololo itsholelo. Lefatshe la Botswana le tsere boipuso go tswa mo go la Britain ka Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro. Lefatshe la Namibia le stere boipuso mo go la Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe morago ga ntwa ya molelwane ya Aforika Borwa. * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Windhoek]] * Lefatshe la Namibia le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of North Korea (March 2026-).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[North Korea]] |Morule a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bone, <ref>[https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf "DPRK Diplomatic Relations"] (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</ref> mme ga emisiwa ka Tlhakole a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=586061304809865&id=148228411926492 "Botswana Severs Ties With Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)"] &#x2013; via Facebook.</ref> |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le North Korea]] |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Oman.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Oman]] |Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano |Bona Botsalano jwa Botswana le Oman Mafatshe a mabedi a dirile botsalano ka Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/MinistryofInternationalAffairsBW/posts/botswana-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-the-sultanate-of-oman-on-14th-oct/1246185160886207/ "Botswana establishes diplomatic relations with the Sultanate of Oman"]. ''Ministry of International Relations, Botswana''. 16 October 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Ka Moranang a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le borataro, tautona [[Duma Boko]] o ne a sireletsa ditumalano le Oman tsa go sekaseka ditswammung, dikago tsa go baya lookwane, le kgothetso.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/botswana-signs-energy-mineral-exploration-deals-with-oman-2026-04-13/ "Botswana signs energy and mineral exploration deals with Oman"]. ''Reuters''. 13 April 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le itsisitse ka maano a lone a go bula ofisi ya boemedi kwa Muscat.<ref>[https://www.fm.gov.om/en/42099/ "Botswana confirms plans to open an embassy in Muscat".] ''Foreign Ministry of Oman''. 13 April 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Russia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Russia]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a supa |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Russia]] Lefatshe la Botswana le Soviet Union a ne a tlhama botsalano jwa sepolotiki ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a supa. Le ntswa le utlwana le mafatshe a bophirima, lefatshe la Botswana le ne la tsaya karolo mo metshamekong ya Olympics ya selemo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi. Botsalano jwa gompieno gareng ga mafatshe a mabedi bo supiwa bo le lorato ebile bo tswa bogologolong. Ka Mopitlo, mafatshe a mabedi a ne a ipelela dingwaga di le masome a mararo le botlhano a ntse a utlwana. Go ya ka tona wa mafatshe a sele, lefatshe la Russia ke lengwe la mafatshe a ntlha go nna le botsalano jo bo tletseng jwa sepolotiki le Botswana.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170202131955/http://www.botswana.mid.ru/articles_relations_e_09.html "We Must Exploit Russia's Potential".] Archived from [http://www.botswana.mid.ru/articles_relations_e_09.html the original] on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> Tirisanommogo ya kgwebo le itsholelo gareng ga mafatshe a Russia le Botswana e supiwa ke tumalano ya kgwebo ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa le tumalano ya itsholelo le setegeniki ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi. Puso ya Russian Federation le puso ya Botswana di ne tsa baya monwana tumalano ya ngwao, maranyane le thuto ka Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe. Mafatshe a Russia le Botswana a nnile le tirisanommogo e e duleng maduo mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng, bogolojang mo go tlhabololeng babereki. Lefatshe la Russia le santse le e fa Batswana sebaka sa go ithutela kwa lefatsheng la bone mo dikarolong tsa botlhokwa di tshwana le botsogo, mohama o o itemogelang tlhaelo ya babereki e e kwa godimo. Lefatshe la Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a banni ba Russia ba sa tlhokeng teseletso ya mosepele go ya kwa go lone. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090329052738/http://www.botswana.mid.ru/relations_e.html "Botswana-Russia relations".] Archived from [http://www.botswana.mid.ru/relations_e.html the original] on 29 March 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref>Lefatshe la Russia le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone, fa la Botswana le le ka fa tlase ga ofisi e e kwa Stockholm (Sweden) le ofisi kwa Moscow. |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Africa.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Aforika Borwa]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bone |Mafatshe a ka bobedi jwa one a dirile notsalano jwa sepolotiki ka Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bone. Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Aforika Borwa]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)]] le mookamedi wa kakaretso kwa [[Cape Town]] le [[Johannesburg]] * Lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le na le ofisi ya kemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Korea.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[South Korea]] |Moranang a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi |Go tlhamiwa ga botsalano jwa sepolotiki gareng ga Republic of Korea le Republic of Botswana go simologile ka Moranang a robabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/view.do?seq=133 "Countries & Regions (MFA Republic of Korea)".]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso palo ya batho ba South korea ba ba neng ba nna kwa Botswana e ne e le lekgolo, masome a marataro le boraro.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150904015758/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/middleeast/countries/20070804/1_24503.jsp?menu=m_30_50 "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Middle East and Africa"]. 4 September 2015. Archived from [http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/middleeast/countries/20070804/1_24503.jsp?menu=m_30_50 the original] on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone, puso ya Botswana e ne e lemoga ROK e le yone puso ya Korea ya nnete.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150106001946/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Ministry-of-Foreign-Affairs-and-International-Cooperation/News/BOTSWANA-CUT-TIES-WITH-NORTH-KOREA/ "Botswana Cuts Ties with North Korea".] ''gov.bw''. Ministry of [[:en:Politics_of_Botswana|Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]. 20 February 2014. Archived from [https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Ministry-of-Foreign-Affairs-and-International-Cooperation/News/BOTSWANA-CUT-TIES-WITH-NORTH-KOREA/ the original] on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Turkey.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Turkey]] |Firikgong a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso<ref>[https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1636698?ln=en "Diplomatic relations between Botswana and Turkey as of 20 Jan. 1981 (UN Digital Library)".] 20 January 1981.</ref> | * Kemedi ya sennela ruri ya Botswana kwa ofising ya UN kwa Geneva e tlhomamisitswe ke Turkey. * Lefatshe la Turkey le na le ofisi ya kemedi kwa Gaborone<ref name=":2">[https://www.mfa.gov.tr/default.en.mfa Relations between Turkey and Botswana".]</ref> * Madi a kgwebo gareng ga mafatshe o o mabedi e ne e le didikadike di le pedi ka ngwag wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabongwe.<ref name=":2" /> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[United Kingdom]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro |[[Setshwantsho:Foreign Secretary visits Botswana (6886371565).jpg|thumb|Mokwaledi wa mafatshe a sele William Hague kwa Botswana, Tlhakole ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi]]Lefatshe la Botswana le simolotse botsalano le tirisanommogo le la [[United Kingdom]] ka Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robbaongwe, masome a marataro le borataro.<ref name=":1" /> * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya kemedi kwa Lontone.<ref>Diplomat Magazine (4 September 2017). "[https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/africa/botswana/ Botswana"]. ''Diplomat Magazine''. Archived from the original on 13 May 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Lefatshe la United Kingdom le dirisana mmogo le la Botswana ka ofisi ya kemedi kwa Gaborone.<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-gaborone "British High Commission Gaborone".] ''[[:en:Gov.uk|GOV.UK]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240506171421/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-gaborone Archived] from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> Lefatshe la UK le ne le eteletse pele la Botswana go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro, fa le tsaya boipuso. Mafatshe a ka bobedi ke maloko a mafatshe a selekanye, kgotlatshekelo ya mafatshefatshe ya molao, le lekgotla la go gweba ga mafatshe, ga mmogo le tumalano ya kopano ya itsholelo ya SACUM-UK.<ref>Bavier, Joe (11 September 2019). "[https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-africa-trade-idUKKCN1VW1N5 Britain agrees post-Brexit trade deal with southern Africa]". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> Mafatshe a ka bobedi jwa one a na le bokopano jwa go kgetha gabedi.<ref>[[:en:HM_Revenue_and_Customs|HM Revenue and Customs]] (3 February 2014). "[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/botswana-tax-treaties Botswana: tax treaties]". ''GOV.UK''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171729/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/botswana-tax-treaties Archived] from the original on 8 April 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[USA]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a maratyaro le borataro<ref>[https://history.state.gov/countries/botswana "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Botswana"].</ref> |Bona [[Botsalano jwa mafatshe a Botswana le United States]][[Setshwantsho:Embassy of Botswana, Washington, D.C..jpg|thumb|Ofisi ya Botswana kwa [[Washington, D.C.]]]]Lefatshe la United States le bona la Botswana e le mmueledi gape e le sekao sa go ritibala mo [[Aferika|Aforika]], le tswa kgakala le berekisana le la Botswana mo ditlhabololong fa e sale ka boipuso. U.S Peace corps ba ne ba boela Botswana ka Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi ka maikaelelo a go dira mananeo a a lebaganeng le HIV/AIDS morago ga go fetsa dingwaga tse di masome mararo a go thusa mo go tsepameng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa.Ka mo go tshwanang, USAID e ne ya emisa bokopano jwa sebaka se seleele le Botswana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borataro, morago ga mananeo a a atlegileng a thuto, katiso, kgwebo, go okamela tikologo, le botsogo jwa pelegi. Lefatshe la Botswana, le fa go ntse jalo, lone le mafatshe a a mabapi, le tswelela ka go anywa mo lenaneong la USAID la borwa jwa Aforika, le jaanong le leng kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)]], le ofisi ya go phadisana ga borwa jwa Aforika ya USAID e diofisikgolo tsa yone di leng kwa Gaborone. Lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la United States la babega dikgang le na le setaitane sa Voice of America mo Botswana le le thusang bontsi jwa mafatshe a a mo Aforika. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano, lekgotla le le laolang malwetsi la CDC le ne la simolola porojeke ya BOTUSA le kopane le lephata la [[botsogo mo Botswana]] go ntsha dintlha go tokafatsa maiteko a go laola kgotlholo e tona mo Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe ka nako ya fa kgotlholo e tona le HIV/AIDS di tlhasetse. Ka nako ya lenaneo la ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe la boeteledipele jwa U.S mo go lwantsheng segajaja, CDC ka BOTUSA e ne ya dira diporojeke tse dintsi gape e thusitse makgolta a mantsi mo go lwantsheng HIV/AIDS mo Botswana. Lefatshe la Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a a lesome le botlhano a lenaneo la ga tautona la tshoganyetso go lwantsha HIV, le amogetse didikadike tsa di dolara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mararo fa e sale lenaneo leo le simolola ka Firikgong ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone go tsena Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa. Thuso ya PEPFAR kwa Botswana, e e neng e le madi otlhe a a kanang ka didikadike di le masome a supa le borataro kwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa, le thusa go thibela, go alafa le go tlhokomela balwetse ba HIV/AIDS. Puso ya Botswana le ya United States ba stene mo tumalanong ka Phukwi ngwag wa dikete pedi go tlhama sekolo sa katisetso molao kwa Gaborone. Sekolo se, se dipuso tse di pataganetseng go ntsha madi a sone le go se okamela, se katisa mapodisi le matona a puso mo Aforika. Dikago tsa sekolo di kwa Otse, kwa ntle ga Gaborone, se bustwe ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro. Batho ba molao ba ka nna dikete tharo mo Aforika ba katisitswe mo sekolong se fa se sale se simolola go ruta ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le motso. * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Washington, D.C.]] * Lefatshe la United States le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Zimbabwe]] |Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro |Mafatshe a ka bobedi a nnile le tirisanommogo ka Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro.<ref>''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p.&nbsp;103.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le santse le sokola ka go tswala molelwane, le tswalela dikete tsa batho ba Zimbabwe ba ba tshabang go phutlhama ga itsholelo le pogiso ya sepolotiki. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, batho ba Zimbabwe ba le dikete di le masome mabedi le bobedi ba ne ba tshwarwa ba bo ba busediwa gae. Dipalo tsa batho ba ba buseditsweng gae di ne tsa oketsega go nna dikete di le masome mabedi le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>Dube, Mqondisi (14 August 2019). [https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_botswana-battles-influx-zimbabwean-illegal-immigrants/6173868.html "Botswana Battles Influx of Zimbabwean Illegal Immigrants"]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya kemedi kwa [[Harare]] * Lefatshe la Zimbabwe le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Gaborone]] |} == Botswana le FOSS == Lefatshe la Botswana le sale le nna leloko la bokopano jwa mafatshe a mannye (Forum of Small States) fa setlhopha seo se tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a obabongwe le bobedi.<ref>''50 Years of Singapore and the United Nations''. World Scientific. 2015. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-981-4713-03-0|978-981-4713-03-0]]</bdi>.access-date=13 July 2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Dithomo tsa botsalano jwa sepolotiki mo Botswana]] * [[Dithomo tsa botsalano jwa sepolotiki tsa Botswana]] == Metswedi == iia7r7gcofhn37zafxi77nywjvv8kby Ditso tsa Wikipedia 0 14422 53413 52980 2026-07-27T23:31:21Z Atsile Edith 11759 Ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 53413 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wikipedia]], e leng ensaetlopedia ya mo maranyaneng e e nang le diteng [[:en:Free_content|tse di sa duelelweng]] e e kwadilweng le go tlhokomelwa ke setšhaba sa baithaopi ba ba bidiwang [[Wikipedians]], e simolotse ka go kwalwa ga yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), malatsi a mabedi morago ga gore lotshwao loo le kwadisiwe.<ref>[http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org "Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools"]. ''[[:en:WHOIS|WHOIS]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org Archived] from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref> E ne ya gola go tswa mo [[Nupedia]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e rulagantsweng sentle e e sa duelelweng, e le tsela ya go letla go kwalwa ga ditlhogo le dithanolo motlhofo le ka bonako. Ditshegetso tsa maranyane le tsa dikgopolo tsa Wikipedia di tla pele ga seno; kakanyo ya ntlha e e itsiweng ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e dirilwe ke Rick Gates ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro (1993),<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html "Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger"]. History Computer. 2010. Archived from [http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html the original] on April 15, 2012. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> mme kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e e gololesegileng (jaaka e farologana le motswedi o o bulegileng fela)<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source "Philosophy"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source Archived] from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> e ne ya akanngwa ke Richard Stallman ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998).<ref name=":1">[[:en:Richard_Stallman|Stallman, Richard]] (1998). [https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html "The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html Archived] from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Kgopolo ya ga Stallman e ne e akaretsa ka tlhamalalo kgopolo ya gore ga go na mokgatlho ope o o botlhokwa o o tshwanetseng go laola go rulaganya. Seno se ne se farologana le diensaetlopedia tsa maranyane tsa motlha oo jaaka [[Microsoft Encarta]] le ''[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]''. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), teseletso ya [[Nupedia]] e ne ya fetolwa go nna [[GFDL]], mme [[Jimmy Wales]] le [[Larry Sanger]] ba ne ba simolola Wikipedia jaaka porojekete e e tlaleletsang, ba dirisa wiki ya mo maranyaneng jaaka sedirisiwa sa go kwala ka tirisanommogo.<ref>[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory "WikiHistory"]. [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory Archived] from the original on June 21, 2002. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Le fa kwa tshimologong Wikipedia e ne e akanngwa e le lefelo la go kwala mekwalo le dikgopolo tsa gore kgabagare go baakanngwe Nupedia, e ne ya feta e e neng e le teng pele ga yone ka bonako, ya nna lefelo la go kwala diathikele le legae la setlhagiswa sa bofelo se se baakantsweng sa porojekete ya lefatshe lotlhe ka makgolokgolo a dipuo, mme seno sa tlhotlheletsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya diporojekete tse dingwe tsa ditshupiso tsa mo maranyaneng. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), Wikipedia e ne e na le babadi ba ka nna didikadike di le makgolo a mane le masome a ferabongwe le botlhano ka kgwedi.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]''. March 1, 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140408202455/http://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks Archived] from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), go ya ka [[comScore]], Wikipedia e ne ya amogela baeng ba ba kgethegileng ba feta idikadike di le lekgolo le lesome le botlhano ka kgwedi go tswa kwa United States fela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 "comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015"]. comScore. February 24, 2015. Archived from [http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 the original] on March 17, 2015. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), diporojekete tseno di ne tsa bonwa baeng mo tsebeng ba le dibilione di le lesome le botlhano le sephatlo ka kgwedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects "Monthly overview"]. ''Wikimedia statistics''. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from [[stats:v2/#/all-projects|the original]] on January 24, 2020. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == == __LEAD_SECTION__ == [[File:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Tsebe ya boremelelo ya Wikipedia (Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2001)]] [[Wikipedia]], e leng ensaetlolopedia ya mo mafaratlhatlheng a inthanete e e nang le diteng tsa mahala tse di kwadilweng le go tlhokomelwa ke morafe wa baithaopi ba ba bidiwang Wikipedians, e simolotse ka go kwalwa ga yone ga ntlha ka Ferikgong a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2001, malatsi a mabedi morago ga gore kgolagano ya dikhomphiutha ya yone e kwadisiwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools |url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org |archive-date=17 April 2017 |access-date=24 October 2016 |website=[[WHOIS]]}}</ref> E ne ya gola go tswa mo Nupedia, e leng ensaetlolopedia e e rulagantsweng botoka ya mahala, e le tsela ya go letla gore go kwalwe dikwalo le dithanolo motlhofo le ka bofefo. Ditshegetso tsa maranyane le megopolo ya Wikipedia di tla pele ga se; mogopolo wa ntlha o o itsiweng wa go dira ensaetlolopedia ya mahala o ne wa dirwa ke Rick Gates ka 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger |url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html |archive-date=15 April 2012 |access-date=9 November 2013 |publisher=History Computer}}</ref> mme mogopolo wa ensaetlolopedia ya mo inthaneteng e e gololesegileng (e e farologaneng le ya motswedi o o bulegileng fela ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Philosophy |url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=5 November 2013 |publisher=GNU}}</ref> e ne ya simolodisiwa ke Richard Stallman ka 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web |last=Stallman |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Stallman |year=1998 |title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft) |url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html |archive-date=24 January 2021 |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=GNU}}</ref> Mogopolo wa ga Stallman o ne o akaretsa kgang ya gore ga go na mokgatlho ope o o tshwanetseng go laola go tlaleletsa/kwala. Se se ne se farologana le diensaetlolopedia tsa maranyane tsa segompieno tse di tshwanang le Microsoft Encarta le ''Ensaetlolopedia ya Borithane .'' Ka 2001, teseletso ya Nupedia e ne ya fetolwa go nna GFDL, mme Jimmy Wales le Larry Sanger ba ne ba simolola Wikipedia jaaka lenaneo la tlaleletso, ba dirisa wiki ya mo inthaneteng jaaka sedirisiwa sa go kwala ka tirisanommogo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=WikiHistory |url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory |archive-date=21 June 2002 |access-date=15 May 2013 |publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Le fa kwa tshimologong Wikipedia e ne e akanngwa e le lefelo la go kwala dikwalo le megopolo ye e iseng e tlhomamisiwe mme morago di baakangwe di atolosiwe moNupedia, e ne ya feta Nupedia mo tseleng ka bofefo, ya nna lefelo la go kwala le dikwalo tse di iseng di tlhomamisiwe le tse di setseng di baakantswe ele lenaneo la lefatshe lotlhe ka bophara go dirisiwa makgolokgolo a dipuo, mme se sa tlhotlheletsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya mananeo a mangwe a dipadi tsa kitso mo inthaneteng . Ka 2014, Wikipedia e ne e na le babadi ba ka nna didikadike di le makgolo a mane le masome a le boferabongwe le botlhano (495 million) ka kgwedi. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|access-date=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ka 2015, go ya ka comScore, Wikipedia e ne ya amogela baeng ba ba kgethegileng ba feta didikadike di le lekgolo le lesome le botlhano kgwedi le kgwedi go tswa kwa United States fela. <ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web |date=24 February 2015 |title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015 |url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 |archive-date=17 March 2015 |access-date=17 March 2015 |publisher=comScore}}</ref> Ka Lwetse 2018, mananeo a a ne a bona dipono tsa ditsebe di le dibilione di le 15,5 (lesome le botlhano le sephatlo) ka kgwedi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Monthly overview |url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects |archive-date=24 January 2020 |access-date=31 May 2019 |website=Wikimedia statistics |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> == Kakaretso ya ditso == === Lemorago === Kgopolo ya go kokoanya kitso ya lefatshe mo lefelong le le lengwe e simolotse kwa [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|lefelong la go bala la bogologolo la Alexandria]] le [[:en:Library_of_Pergamum|Lefelong la go bala la Pergamo,]] mme go na le dilo tsa bogologolo tse di neng tsa tla pele ga kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia e e akaretsang, [[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|ditso tse di jaaka Naturalis]] ya ga [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny yo Mogolo]], mme kakanyo ya segompieno ya ensaekolopedia e e akaretsang tsotlhe, e e gatisiwang le go anamisiwa kwa bathong ba le bantsi, e simologile ka [[:en:Denis_Diderot|Denis Diderot]] le baitseanape ba Fora ba lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga ba ba neng ba kwala diensaekolopedia.<ref>Miloš, Todorović (2018). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594 From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge]". ''Časopis KSIO''. '''1''': 88–102. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5281/zenodo.3235309|10.5281/zenodo.3235309.]] Retrieved October 20, 2021.</ref> Kgopolo ya go dirisa metšhine e e itirisang go feta [[:en:Printing_press|motšhine o o gatisang]] go aga ensaetlopedia e e mosola thata e ka bonwa mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:Paul_Otlet|Paul Otlet]] ya ngwaga wa 1934 ya ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet gape o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Mundaneum|Mundaneum]], e leng setheo se se neng se ineetse go dira ditshupane tsa kitso ya lefatshe, ka ngwaga wa 1910. Kgopolo e ya ensaetlopedia e e thusiwang ke motšhini e ne ya atolosiwa go ya pele mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:H._G._Wells|H. G. Wells]] ya ditlhamo" [[:en:World_Brain|''World Brain'']] (ngwaga wa1938) le pono ya ga [[:en:Vannevar_Bush|Vannevar Bush]] ya isago ya [[:en:Memex|Memex]] e e neng e dirisa [[:en:Microfilm|filimi e e bolokang ditshwantso ka bogolo jo bonnye]], e a e tlhalositse mo setlhangweng sa gagwe se se bidiwang "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (ngwaga wa 1945).<ref name=":2">Reagle, Joseph (2010). Good Faith Collaboration. The Culture of Wikipedia. MIT Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0262014472|978-0262014472.]] Chapter 2: "The Pursuit of the Universal Encyclopedia".</ref> Phitlhelelo e nngwe e ne e le lenaneo la Xanadu la ga [[:en:Ted_Nelson|Ted Nelson]] ya go tlhama ditlhangwa tse dintsi, e e neng ya simolola ka ngwaga wa 1960.<ref name=":2" /> Tiriso ya baithaopi e ne e le botlhokwa thata mo go direng le go tlhokomeleng Wikipedia. Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa go ne go se na inthanete, mananeo tse dikgolo tse di dingalo tsa mofuta o o tshwanang di ne di dirisitse baithaopi. Ka tlhamalalo, go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Oxford_English_Dictionary|''Thanodi ya Seesemane ya Oxford'']] go ne ga akanngwa ka puo kwa lefelong la dibuka la London, ka Letsatsi la ga [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele a tlhola malatsi a le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 1857, ke [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. Go tsere dingwaga di ka nna masome a supa go wediwa. Dr. Trench o ne a akanya ka bukantswe e ntšha e kgolo ya lefoko lengwe le lengwe mo puong ya Seesemane, le go dirisiwa ka puso ya batho le batho le ka kgololesego. Go ya ka mokwadi Simon Winchester, "Go dira thulaganyo e, o ne a re, go ne go feta bokgoni jwa motho ope fela. Go bala dibuka tsotlhe tsa Seesemane – le go sekaseka makwalo a dikgang a London le New York le makwalo a dikgang le buka ya tsotlhe a aitseng go bala le go kwala – go na le moo go tshwanetse ga nna 'tiro e e kopaneng ya batho ba le bantsi.' Go tla tlhokega go thapa setlhopha – mo godimo ga moo, se segolo – se gongwe se nang le makgolokgolo le makgolokgolo a batho ba ba sa duelweng, botlhe ba dira jaaka baithaopi."<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998). ''The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary''. Harpers, p. 106.</ref> Kgatelopele ya maranyane ya tshedimosetso kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga e ne ya dira gore go dirwe diphetogo mo mofuteng wa diensaetlopedia. Le fa diensaetlopedia tsa nako e e fetileng, segolobogolo [[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|''Encyclopædia Britannica'']], gantsi di ne di theilwe mo dibukeng, [[:en:Encarta|Encarta]] ya Microsoft, e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 1993, e ne e le teng mo CD-ROM e bile e na le [[:en:Hyperlink|dikgolagano tse dintsi]]. Go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] go ne ga dira gore go dirwe maiteko a mantsi a go dira [[:en:Online_encyclopedia|mananeo a ensaetlopedia tsa maranyane]]. Tshitshinyo ya ntlha ya ensaetlopedia ya mo inthaneteng e ne e le [[:en:Interpedia|Interpedia]] ka ngwaga wa1993 ke [[:en:Rick_Gates_(Internet_pioneer)|Rick Gates]];<ref name=":0" /> lenaneo le le ne la swa pele ga e tlhagisa diteng dipe tsa ensaetlopedia. Motshegetsi wa [[:en:Free_software|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka sa mahala]] [[:en:Richard_Stallman|Richard Stallman]] o ne a tlhalosa botlhokwa jwa "Ensaetlopedia ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Mahala le Motswedi wa go Ithuta" ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":1" /> Tokomane ya gagwe e e gatisitsweng e ne ya tlhalosa kafa go ka "tlhomamisiwang ka gone gore kgatelopele e tswelela pele go ya kwa dipoelong tse di gaisang le tsa tlholego." Motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia e bong Jimmy Wales o ne a bolela gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tla fa e ne e le moithuti wa dialogane kwa [[:en:Indiana_University_Bloomington|Mmadikolong wa Indiana]], koo a neng a kgatlhiwa ke katlego ya [[:en:Open-source_movement|mokgatlho wa motswedi o o bulegileng]] mme a fitlhela [[:en:GNU_Manifesto|Lekwalo la maikelelo le bokgoni la ga Emacs]] wa ga Richard Stallman o o rotloetsang [[:en:Free_software_movement|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka a mahala]] le itsholelo ya go abelana e kgatlhang. Wales gape o akgola tlhamo ya ga moitseanape wa itsholelo wa [[:en:Austrian_School|Sekolo sa Austria]] e bong [[:en:Friedrich_Hayek|Friedrich Hayek]], Polelo ya tlhamo ya "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng,]]" e a neng a e bala fa a ne a le moithuti wa pele ga kalogo,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all Know It All - The New Yorker]". ''[[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker]]''. September 30, 2014. Archived from [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all the original] on September 30, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> jaaka "e e botlhokwa" mo go akanyeng ga gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka gone."<ref>Mangu-Ward, Katherine (May 30, 2007). "[https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ Wikipedia and Beyond]". ''Reason.com''. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> Tlhamo e e gatelela gore [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|tshedimosetso e kgaogantswe fela ka bongwe]]—gore motho mongwe le mongwe o itse fela karolwana e nnye ya se se itsiweng mmogo, ditshwetso di dirwa botoka ke batho ba ba nang le kitso ya lefelo leo, go na le ke bothati jo bo botlhokwa. Ka nako eo, Wales o ne a ithuta tsa madi mme o ne a kgatlhilwe ke ditlhotlheletso tsa batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba ntsha seabe jaaka baithaopi mo go tlhameng mananeo a disupaditlhaka tsa mahala, koo dikai di le dintsi di neng di nna le dipholo tse di molemo thata.<ref>[https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales "Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales: "I have this crazy idea that people will pay for free news]"", Danny in the Valley, January 19, 2018, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055526/https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales archived] from the original on March 16, 2023, retrieved March 16, 2023 Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Go ya ka mokwalo wa dikgang w ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'', Wikipedia "e simolotse mo tsholofelong ya maranyane e e neng e tlhaola inthanete kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga. E ne e tshwara gore batho ba ba tlwaelesegileng ba ka dirisa disupa ditlhaka tsa bone jaaka didirisiwa tsa kgololesego, thuto, le go sedimosiwa."<ref>[https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher "Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher]". The Economist. January 9, 2021. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613 0013-0613.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221231224550/https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher Archived] from the original on December 31, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.</ref> === Go tlhama kgopolo === Wikipedia e ne ya akanyediwa kwa tshimologong jaaka lenaneo la phepo ya [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] e e neng ya tlhongwa kwa Wales, lenaneo la pelenyana la go tlhagisa ensaetlopedia ya mahala ya inthanete, e e neng ya ithaopela go dira ke [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]], kompone ya dipapatso tsa maranyane e e leng ya ga Jimmy, [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]] le [[:en:Michael_E._Davis_(businessman)|Michael E. Davis]]. <ref>[[:en:Marshall_Poe|Poe, Marshall]] (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ The Hive]". The Atlantic Monthly. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061223004004/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia Archived] from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. Wales and Sanger created the first Nupedia wiki on 10 January 2001. The initial purpose was to get the public to add entries that would then be "fed into the Nupedia process" of authorization. Most of Nupedia's expert volunteers, however, wanted nothing to do with this, so Sanger decided to launch a separate site called "Wikipedia". Neither Sanger nor Wales looked on Wikipedia as anything more than a lark. This is evident in Sanger's flip announcement of Wikipedia to the Nupedia discussion list. "Humor me", he wrote. "Go there and add a little article. It will take all of five or ten minutes". And, to Sanger's surprise, go they did. Within a few days, Wikipedia outstripped Nupedia in terms of quantity, if not quality, and a small community developed. In late January, Sanger created a Wikipedia discussion list (Wikipedia-L) to facilitate discussion of the project.</ref><ref name=":3">Sidener, Jonathan (December 6, 2004). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090221005820/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html Everyone's Encyclopedia]". ''[[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]''. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html the original] on February 21, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref><ref name=":4">Sanger, Larry (April 18, 2005). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part] I". Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 the original] on July 22, 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95 "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II".] [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]]. April 19, 2005. Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95 the original] on November 8, 2006. My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.</ref>Nupedia e ne ya tlhongwa mo tirisong ya baithaopi ba ba tshwanelegang le thulaganyo ya go [[:en:Peer_review|sekaseka balekane]] e e nang le dikgato di le dintsi.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Business Horizons, Volume 57 Issue 5, pp. 617–626</ref> Le fa e ne e na le lenaane la barulaganyi ba ba kgatlhegang ba ba fetang dikete tse pedi, le go nna teng ga ga Sanger jaaka morulaganyi-mogolo wa nako e e tletseng,<ref>"[[m:My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger Archived] from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023. I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.</ref> go tlhagisiwa ga diteng tsa Nupedia go ne go le bonya thata, ka dipego di le lesome le bobedi fela tse di kwadilweng mo ngwageng wa ntlha.<ref name=":4" /> Ba-Nupedia ba ne ba tlotla ka ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tlhama diteng ka bonako.<ref name=":3" /> Di-wiki di ne di dirisitswe gongwe mo boranyaneng go rulaganya kitso,<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html "From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition]". ''Chicago Tribune''. January 12, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> mme kgopolo ya tlaleletso e e theilweng mo di-[[:en:Wiki|wiki]] mo Nupedia e ne ya tlholwa ke motlotlo magareng ga Sanger le Ben Kovitz,<ref name=":5">"[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Ben Kovitz]". [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070404030625/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Archived] from the original on April 4, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – see also Ben Kovitz' fuller account which he links from there.</ref><ref name=":6">Moody, Glyn (July 13, 2006). [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia "This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts"]. The Guardian. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070222023201/http://technology.guardian.co.uk/weekly/story/0,,1818630,00.html Archived] from the original on February 22, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – While casting around for a way to speed up article production, Sanger met with Kovitz, an old friend, in January 2001. Kovitz introduced Sanger to the idea of the wiki, invented in 1995 by Ward Cunningham: web pages that anyone could write and edit. "My first reaction was that this really could be what would solve the problem," Sanger explains, "because the software was already written, and this community of people on WikiWikiWeb" – the first wiki – "had created something like 14,000 pages". Nupedia, by contrast, had produced barely two dozen articles. Sanger took up the idea immediately: "I wrote up a proposal and sent it [to Wales] that evening, and the wiki was then set up for me to work on." But this was not Wikipedia as we know it. "Originally it was the Nupedia Wiki – our idea was to use it as an article incubator for Nupedia. Articles could begin life on this wiki, be developed collaboratively and, when they got to a certain stage of development, be put into the Nupedia system."</ref><ref name=":7">Sidener, Jonathan (September 23, 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017041126/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html "Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy]". [[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html the original] on October 17, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.</ref> le ke o mongwe magareng ga Wales le Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name=":5" /> Kovitz e ne e le motlhami wa diporokeramo tsa khomphiutha mme a nna mo wiki ya ga [[:en:Ward_Cunningham|Ward Cunningham]] e e fetolang wiki go nna "[[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]". O ne a tlhalosetsa Sanger gore di-wiki ke eng, fa ba ne ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 The Hive"]. [[:en:The_Atlantic_Monthly|The Atlantic Monthly]]. p. 3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 Archived] from the original on November 10, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – "Over tacos that night, Sanger explained his concerns about Nupedia's lack of progress, the root cause of which was its serial editorial system. As Nupedia was then structured, no stage of the editorial process could proceed before the previous stage was completed. Kovitz brought up the wiki and sketched out 'wiki magic,' the mysterious process by which communities with common interests work to improve wiki pages by incremental contributions. If it worked for the rambunctious hacker culture of programming, Kovitz said, it could work for any online collaborative project. The wiki could break the Nupedia bottleneck by permitting volunteers to work simultaneously all over the project. With Kovitz in tow, Sanger rushed back to his apartment and called Wales to share the idea. Over the next few days, he wrote a formal proposal for Wales and started a page on Cunningham's wiki called 'Wikipedia.'"</ref>Wales o ne a bolela ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2001 gore "Larry o ne a na le mogopolo wa go dirisa maranyane a sesupa ditlhaka sa Wiki" mo bathong ba ba neng ba boregile ka thulaganyo ya Nupedia,<ref>Wales, Jimmy (October 30, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20140620072830/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html LinkBacks]?". Wikimedia. Archived from [[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|the original]] (Email) on June 20, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref> mme moragonyana a bolela ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2005 gore Rosenfeld o ne a mo itsise kgopolo ya wiki.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness]". [[:en:Wired_News|Wired News]]. May 3, 2007. Archived from [https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium the original] on March 28, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2007. Wired.com states: "Wales offered the following on-the-record comment in an e-mail to NewAssignment.net editor [and NYU Professor] [[:en:Jay_Rosen|Jay Rosen]] ...' Larry Sanger was my employee working under my direct supervision during the entire process of launching Wikipedia. He was not the originator of the proposal to use a wiki for the encyclopedia project – that was Jeremy Rosenfeld'."</ref> Sanger o ne a akanya gore wiki e tla nna polatefomo e e siameng go e dirisa, mme a tshitshinya mo lenaaneng la go romela la Nupedia gore wiki e e theilweng mo UseModWiki (ka nako eo v. 0.90)e tlhomiwe jaaka lenaneo la "mojesi" ya Nupedia. Ka fa tlase ga setlhogo sa "A re direng wiki", o ne a kwala jaana:<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html Let's make a wiki]". Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Nnyaa, se ga se tshitshinyo e e sa tshwanelang. Ke kakanyo ya go tsenya karolo e nnye mo Nupedia. Jimmy Wales o akanya gore batho ba le bantsi ba ka nna ba fitlhela kgopolo eno e sa amogelesege, mme nna ga ke akanye jalo... Fa e le ka tiriso ya wiki ya Nupedia, eno ke thulaganyo ya BOFELO e e "bulegileng" le e e motlhofo ya go tlhama diteng. Re kile ra buisana gangwe le gape ka megopolo ya diporojeke tse di bonolo, tse di bulegileng thata, tse di ka emelang kgotsa tsa tlaleletsa Nupedia. Go lebega mo go nna gore diwiki di ka dirisiwa ka bonako thata, di tlhoka tlhokomelo e nnye fela, mme ka kakaretso ga di na kotsi e kgolo. Gape di ka nna motswedi o mogolo wa diteng. Ka jalo, ga go na mathata a magolo a a ka nnang teng, go ya ka kafa ke bonang ka teng. Wales e ne ya tlhoma e le nngwe mme ya e tsenya mo maranyaneng ka Laboraro wa kgwedi ya Ferikgong etlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001, ka fa tlase ga karolo ya nupedia.com.<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html Nupedia's wiki: try it out".] Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003.</ref> Se se ne sa sutela kwa wiki e ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga karolo ya wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgonge tlhola malatsia a le lesome le botlhano. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa, lenaneo la [[:en:GNUPedia|GNUPedia]] la [[:en:Free_Software_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Mananeo a disupa ditlhaka a Mahala]] (FSF) e ne ya tsena mo maranyaneng, e e neng e ka nna ya gaisana le [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]],<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603 Slashdot Comments | GNUPedia Project Starting]". Slashdot.org. January 17, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990 Archived] from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme mo dingwageng di le mmalwa FSF e ne ya rotloetsa batho "go etela le go tsenya letsogo mo [Wikipedia]" boemong jwa seo.<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ "The Free Encyclopedia Project]". GNU.org. 2012 [1999]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ Archived] from the original on December 21, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2012.</ref> 65fmengsink75h7urxdokx3mrmksj6k 53417 53413 2026-07-28T00:28:59Z Atsile Edith 11759 Ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 53417 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wikipedia]], e leng ensaetlopedia ya mo maranyaneng e e nang le diteng [[:en:Free_content|tse di sa duelelweng]] e e kwadilweng le go tlhokomelwa ke setšhaba sa baithaopi ba ba bidiwang [[Wikipedians]], e simolotse ka go kwalwa ga yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), malatsi a mabedi morago ga gore lotshwao loo le kwadisiwe.<ref>[http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org "Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools"]. ''[[:en:WHOIS|WHOIS]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org Archived] from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref> E ne ya gola go tswa mo [[Nupedia]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e rulagantsweng sentle e e sa duelelweng, e le tsela ya go letla go kwalwa ga ditlhogo le dithanolo motlhofo le ka bonako. Ditshegetso tsa maranyane le tsa dikgopolo tsa Wikipedia di tla pele ga seno; kakanyo ya ntlha e e itsiweng ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e dirilwe ke Rick Gates ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro (1993),<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html "Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger"]. History Computer. 2010. Archived from [http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html the original] on April 15, 2012. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> mme kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e e gololesegileng (jaaka e farologana le motswedi o o bulegileng fela)<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source "Philosophy"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source Archived] from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> e ne ya akanngwa ke Richard Stallman ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998).<ref name=":1">[[:en:Richard_Stallman|Stallman, Richard]] (1998). [https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html "The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html Archived] from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Kgopolo ya ga Stallman e ne e akaretsa ka tlhamalalo kgopolo ya gore ga go na mokgatlho ope o o botlhokwa o o tshwanetseng go laola go rulaganya. Seno se ne se farologana le diensaetlopedia tsa maranyane tsa motlha oo jaaka [[Microsoft Encarta]] le ''[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]''. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), teseletso ya [[Nupedia]] e ne ya fetolwa go nna [[GFDL]], mme [[Jimmy Wales]] le [[Larry Sanger]] ba ne ba simolola Wikipedia jaaka porojekete e e tlaleletsang, ba dirisa wiki ya mo maranyaneng jaaka sedirisiwa sa go kwala ka tirisanommogo.<ref>[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory "WikiHistory"]. [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory Archived] from the original on June 21, 2002. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Le fa kwa tshimologong Wikipedia e ne e akanngwa e le lefelo la go kwala mekwalo le dikgopolo tsa gore kgabagare go baakanngwe Nupedia, e ne ya feta e e neng e le teng pele ga yone ka bonako, ya nna lefelo la go kwala diathikele le legae la setlhagiswa sa bofelo se se baakantsweng sa porojekete ya lefatshe lotlhe ka makgolokgolo a dipuo, mme seno sa tlhotlheletsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya diporojekete tse dingwe tsa ditshupiso tsa mo maranyaneng. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), Wikipedia e ne e na le babadi ba ka nna didikadike di le makgolo a mane le masome a ferabongwe le botlhano ka kgwedi.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]''. March 1, 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140408202455/http://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks Archived] from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), go ya ka [[comScore]], Wikipedia e ne ya amogela baeng ba ba kgethegileng ba feta idikadike di le lekgolo le lesome le botlhano ka kgwedi go tswa kwa United States fela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 "comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015"]. comScore. February 24, 2015. Archived from [http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 the original] on March 17, 2015. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), diporojekete tseno di ne tsa bonwa baeng mo tsebeng ba le dibilione di le lesome le botlhano le sephatlo ka kgwedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects "Monthly overview"]. ''Wikimedia statistics''. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from [[stats:v2/#/all-projects|the original]] on January 24, 2020. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> [[File:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Tsebe ya boremelelo ya Wikipedia (Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2001)]] == Kakaretso ya ditso == === Lemorago === Kgopolo ya go kokoanya kitso ya lefatshe mo lefelong le le lengwe e simolotse kwa [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|lefelong la go bala la bogologolo la Alexandria]] le [[:en:Library_of_Pergamum|Lefelong la go bala la Pergamo,]] mme go na le dilo tsa bogologolo tse di neng tsa tla pele ga kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia e e akaretsang, [[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|ditso tse di jaaka Naturalis]] ya ga [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny yo Mogolo]], mme kakanyo ya segompieno ya ensaekolopedia e e akaretsang tsotlhe, e e gatisiwang le go anamisiwa kwa bathong ba le bantsi, e simologile ka [[:en:Denis_Diderot|Denis Diderot]] le baitseanape ba Fora ba lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga ba ba neng ba kwala diensaekolopedia.<ref>Miloš, Todorović (2018). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594 From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge]". ''Časopis KSIO''. '''1''': 88–102. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5281/zenodo.3235309|10.5281/zenodo.3235309.]] Retrieved October 20, 2021.</ref> Kgopolo ya go dirisa metšhine e e itirisang go feta [[:en:Printing_press|motšhine o o gatisang]] go aga ensaetlopedia e e mosola thata e ka bonwa mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:Paul_Otlet|Paul Otlet]] ya ngwaga wa 1934 ya ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet gape o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Mundaneum|Mundaneum]], e leng setheo se se neng se ineetse go dira ditshupane tsa kitso ya lefatshe, ka ngwaga wa 1910. Kgopolo e ya ensaetlopedia e e thusiwang ke motšhini e ne ya atolosiwa go ya pele mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:H._G._Wells|H. G. Wells]] ya ditlhamo" [[:en:World_Brain|''World Brain'']] (ngwaga wa1938) le pono ya ga [[:en:Vannevar_Bush|Vannevar Bush]] ya isago ya [[:en:Memex|Memex]] e e neng e dirisa [[:en:Microfilm|filimi e e bolokang ditshwantso ka bogolo jo bonnye]], e a e tlhalositse mo setlhangweng sa gagwe se se bidiwang "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (ngwaga wa 1945).<ref name=":2">Reagle, Joseph (2010). Good Faith Collaboration. The Culture of Wikipedia. MIT Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0262014472|978-0262014472.]] Chapter 2: "The Pursuit of the Universal Encyclopedia".</ref> Phitlhelelo e nngwe e ne e le lenaneo la Xanadu la ga [[:en:Ted_Nelson|Ted Nelson]] ya go tlhama ditlhangwa tse dintsi, e e neng ya simolola ka ngwaga wa 1960.<ref name=":2" /> Tiriso ya baithaopi e ne e le botlhokwa thata mo go direng le go tlhokomeleng Wikipedia. Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa go ne go se na inthanete, mananeo tse dikgolo tse di dingalo tsa mofuta o o tshwanang di ne di dirisitse baithaopi. Ka tlhamalalo, go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Oxford_English_Dictionary|''Thanodi ya Seesemane ya Oxford'']] go ne ga akanngwa ka puo kwa lefelong la dibuka la London, ka Letsatsi la ga [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele a tlhola malatsi a le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 1857, ke [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. Go tsere dingwaga di ka nna masome a supa go wediwa. Dr. Trench o ne a akanya ka bukantswe e ntšha e kgolo ya lefoko lengwe le lengwe mo puong ya Seesemane, le go dirisiwa ka puso ya batho le batho le ka kgololesego. Go ya ka mokwadi Simon Winchester, "Go dira thulaganyo e, o ne a re, go ne go feta bokgoni jwa motho ope fela. Go bala dibuka tsotlhe tsa Seesemane – le go sekaseka makwalo a dikgang a London le New York le makwalo a dikgang le buka ya tsotlhe a aitseng go bala le go kwala – go na le moo go tshwanetse ga nna 'tiro e e kopaneng ya batho ba le bantsi.' Go tla tlhokega go thapa setlhopha – mo godimo ga moo, se segolo – se gongwe se nang le makgolokgolo le makgolokgolo a batho ba ba sa duelweng, botlhe ba dira jaaka baithaopi."<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998). ''The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary''. Harpers, p. 106.</ref> Kgatelopele ya maranyane ya tshedimosetso kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga e ne ya dira gore go dirwe diphetogo mo mofuteng wa diensaetlopedia. Le fa diensaetlopedia tsa nako e e fetileng, segolobogolo [[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|''Encyclopædia Britannica'']], gantsi di ne di theilwe mo dibukeng, [[:en:Encarta|Encarta]] ya Microsoft, e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 1993, e ne e le teng mo CD-ROM e bile e na le [[:en:Hyperlink|dikgolagano tse dintsi]]. Go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] go ne ga dira gore go dirwe maiteko a mantsi a go dira [[:en:Online_encyclopedia|mananeo a ensaetlopedia tsa maranyane]]. Tshitshinyo ya ntlha ya ensaetlopedia ya mo inthaneteng e ne e le [[:en:Interpedia|Interpedia]] ka ngwaga wa1993 ke [[:en:Rick_Gates_(Internet_pioneer)|Rick Gates]];<ref name=":0" /> lenaneo le le ne la swa pele ga e tlhagisa diteng dipe tsa ensaetlopedia. Motshegetsi wa [[:en:Free_software|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka sa mahala]] [[:en:Richard_Stallman|Richard Stallman]] o ne a tlhalosa botlhokwa jwa "Ensaetlopedia ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Mahala le Motswedi wa go Ithuta" ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":1" /> Tokomane ya gagwe e e gatisitsweng e ne ya tlhalosa kafa go ka "tlhomamisiwang ka gone gore kgatelopele e tswelela pele go ya kwa dipoelong tse di gaisang le tsa tlholego." Motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia e bong Jimmy Wales o ne a bolela gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tla fa e ne e le moithuti wa dialogane kwa [[:en:Indiana_University_Bloomington|Mmadikolong wa Indiana]], koo a neng a kgatlhiwa ke katlego ya [[:en:Open-source_movement|mokgatlho wa motswedi o o bulegileng]] mme a fitlhela [[:en:GNU_Manifesto|Lekwalo la maikelelo le bokgoni la ga Emacs]] wa ga Richard Stallman o o rotloetsang [[:en:Free_software_movement|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka a mahala]] le itsholelo ya go abelana e kgatlhang. Wales gape o akgola tlhamo ya ga moitseanape wa itsholelo wa [[:en:Austrian_School|Sekolo sa Austria]] e bong [[:en:Friedrich_Hayek|Friedrich Hayek]], Polelo ya tlhamo ya "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng,]]" e a neng a e bala fa a ne a le moithuti wa pele ga kalogo,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all Know It All - The New Yorker]". ''[[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker]]''. September 30, 2014. Archived from [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all the original] on September 30, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> jaaka "e e botlhokwa" mo go akanyeng ga gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka gone."<ref>Mangu-Ward, Katherine (May 30, 2007). "[https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ Wikipedia and Beyond]". ''Reason.com''. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> Tlhamo e e gatelela gore [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|tshedimosetso e kgaogantswe fela ka bongwe]]—gore motho mongwe le mongwe o itse fela karolwana e nnye ya se se itsiweng mmogo, ditshwetso di dirwa botoka ke batho ba ba nang le kitso ya lefelo leo, go na le ke bothati jo bo botlhokwa. Ka nako eo, Wales o ne a ithuta tsa madi mme o ne a kgatlhilwe ke ditlhotlheletso tsa batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba ntsha seabe jaaka baithaopi mo go tlhameng mananeo a disupaditlhaka tsa mahala, koo dikai di le dintsi di neng di nna le dipholo tse di molemo thata.<ref>[https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales "Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales: "I have this crazy idea that people will pay for free news]"", Danny in the Valley, January 19, 2018, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055526/https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales archived] from the original on March 16, 2023, retrieved March 16, 2023 Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Go ya ka mokwalo wa dikgang w ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'', Wikipedia "e simolotse mo tsholofelong ya maranyane e e neng e tlhaola inthanete kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga. E ne e tshwara gore batho ba ba tlwaelesegileng ba ka dirisa disupa ditlhaka tsa bone jaaka didirisiwa tsa kgololesego, thuto, le go sedimosiwa."<ref>[https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher "Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher]". The Economist. January 9, 2021. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613 0013-0613.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221231224550/https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher Archived] from the original on December 31, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.</ref> === Go tlhama kgopolo === Wikipedia e ne ya akanyediwa kwa tshimologong jaaka lenaneo la phepo ya [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] e e neng ya tlhongwa kwa Wales, lenaneo la pelenyana la go tlhagisa ensaetlopedia ya mahala ya inthanete, e e neng ya ithaopela go dira ke [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]], kompone ya dipapatso tsa maranyane e e leng ya ga Jimmy, [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]] le [[:en:Michael_E._Davis_(businessman)|Michael E. Davis]]. <ref>[[:en:Marshall_Poe|Poe, Marshall]] (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ The Hive]". The Atlantic Monthly. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061223004004/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia Archived] from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. Wales and Sanger created the first Nupedia wiki on 10 January 2001. The initial purpose was to get the public to add entries that would then be "fed into the Nupedia process" of authorization. Most of Nupedia's expert volunteers, however, wanted nothing to do with this, so Sanger decided to launch a separate site called "Wikipedia". Neither Sanger nor Wales looked on Wikipedia as anything more than a lark. This is evident in Sanger's flip announcement of Wikipedia to the Nupedia discussion list. "Humor me", he wrote. "Go there and add a little article. It will take all of five or ten minutes". And, to Sanger's surprise, go they did. Within a few days, Wikipedia outstripped Nupedia in terms of quantity, if not quality, and a small community developed. In late January, Sanger created a Wikipedia discussion list (Wikipedia-L) to facilitate discussion of the project.</ref><ref name=":3">Sidener, Jonathan (December 6, 2004). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090221005820/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html Everyone's Encyclopedia]". ''[[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]''. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html the original] on February 21, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref><ref name=":4">Sanger, Larry (April 18, 2005). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part] I". Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 the original] on July 22, 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95 "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II".] [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]]. April 19, 2005. Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95 the original] on November 8, 2006. My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.</ref>Nupedia e ne ya tlhongwa mo tirisong ya baithaopi ba ba tshwanelegang le thulaganyo ya go [[:en:Peer_review|sekaseka balekane]] e e nang le dikgato di le dintsi.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Business Horizons, Volume 57 Issue 5, pp. 617–626</ref> Le fa e ne e na le lenaane la barulaganyi ba ba kgatlhegang ba ba fetang dikete tse pedi, le go nna teng ga ga Sanger jaaka morulaganyi-mogolo wa nako e e tletseng,<ref>"[[m:My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger Archived] from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023. I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.</ref> go tlhagisiwa ga diteng tsa Nupedia go ne go le bonya thata, ka dipego di le lesome le bobedi fela tse di kwadilweng mo ngwageng wa ntlha.<ref name=":4" /> Ba-Nupedia ba ne ba tlotla ka ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tlhama diteng ka bonako.<ref name=":3" /> Di-wiki di ne di dirisitswe gongwe mo boranyaneng go rulaganya kitso,<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html "From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition]". ''Chicago Tribune''. January 12, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> mme kgopolo ya tlaleletso e e theilweng mo di-[[:en:Wiki|wiki]] mo Nupedia e ne ya tlholwa ke motlotlo magareng ga Sanger le Ben Kovitz,<ref name=":5">"[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Ben Kovitz]". [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070404030625/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Archived] from the original on April 4, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – see also Ben Kovitz' fuller account which he links from there.</ref><ref name=":6">Moody, Glyn (July 13, 2006). [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia "This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts"]. The Guardian. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070222023201/http://technology.guardian.co.uk/weekly/story/0,,1818630,00.html Archived] from the original on February 22, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – While casting around for a way to speed up article production, Sanger met with Kovitz, an old friend, in January 2001. Kovitz introduced Sanger to the idea of the wiki, invented in 1995 by Ward Cunningham: web pages that anyone could write and edit. "My first reaction was that this really could be what would solve the problem," Sanger explains, "because the software was already written, and this community of people on WikiWikiWeb" – the first wiki – "had created something like 14,000 pages". Nupedia, by contrast, had produced barely two dozen articles. Sanger took up the idea immediately: "I wrote up a proposal and sent it [to Wales] that evening, and the wiki was then set up for me to work on." But this was not Wikipedia as we know it. "Originally it was the Nupedia Wiki – our idea was to use it as an article incubator for Nupedia. Articles could begin life on this wiki, be developed collaboratively and, when they got to a certain stage of development, be put into the Nupedia system."</ref><ref name=":7">Sidener, Jonathan (September 23, 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017041126/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html "Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy]". [[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html the original] on October 17, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.</ref> le ke o mongwe magareng ga Wales le Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name=":5" /> Kovitz e ne e le motlhami wa diporokeramo tsa khomphiutha mme a nna mo wiki ya ga [[:en:Ward_Cunningham|Ward Cunningham]] e e fetolang wiki go nna "[[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]". O ne a tlhalosetsa Sanger gore di-wiki ke eng, fa ba ne ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 The Hive"]. [[:en:The_Atlantic_Monthly|The Atlantic Monthly]]. p. 3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 Archived] from the original on November 10, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – "Over tacos that night, Sanger explained his concerns about Nupedia's lack of progress, the root cause of which was its serial editorial system. As Nupedia was then structured, no stage of the editorial process could proceed before the previous stage was completed. Kovitz brought up the wiki and sketched out 'wiki magic,' the mysterious process by which communities with common interests work to improve wiki pages by incremental contributions. If it worked for the rambunctious hacker culture of programming, Kovitz said, it could work for any online collaborative project. The wiki could break the Nupedia bottleneck by permitting volunteers to work simultaneously all over the project. With Kovitz in tow, Sanger rushed back to his apartment and called Wales to share the idea. Over the next few days, he wrote a formal proposal for Wales and started a page on Cunningham's wiki called 'Wikipedia.'"</ref>Wales o ne a bolela ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2001 gore "Larry o ne a na le mogopolo wa go dirisa maranyane a sesupa ditlhaka sa Wiki" mo bathong ba ba neng ba boregile ka thulaganyo ya Nupedia,<ref>Wales, Jimmy (October 30, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20140620072830/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html LinkBacks]?". Wikimedia. Archived from [[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|the original]] (Email) on June 20, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref> mme moragonyana a bolela ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2005 gore Rosenfeld o ne a mo itsise kgopolo ya wiki.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness]". [[:en:Wired_News|Wired News]]. May 3, 2007. Archived from [https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium the original] on March 28, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2007. Wired.com states: "Wales offered the following on-the-record comment in an e-mail to NewAssignment.net editor [and NYU Professor] [[:en:Jay_Rosen|Jay Rosen]] ...' Larry Sanger was my employee working under my direct supervision during the entire process of launching Wikipedia. He was not the originator of the proposal to use a wiki for the encyclopedia project – that was Jeremy Rosenfeld'."</ref> Sanger o ne a akanya gore wiki e tla nna polatefomo e e siameng go e dirisa, mme a tshitshinya mo lenaaneng la go romela la Nupedia gore wiki e e theilweng mo UseModWiki (ka nako eo v. 0.90)e tlhomiwe jaaka lenaneo la "mojesi" ya Nupedia. Ka fa tlase ga setlhogo sa "A re direng wiki", o ne a kwala jaana:<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html Let's make a wiki]". Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Nnyaa, se ga se tshitshinyo e e sa tshwanelang. Ke kakanyo ya go tsenya karolo e nnye mo Nupedia. Jimmy Wales o akanya gore batho ba le bantsi ba ka nna ba fitlhela kgopolo eno e sa amogelesege, mme nna ga ke akanye jalo... Fa e le ka tiriso ya wiki ya Nupedia, eno ke thulaganyo ya BOFELO e e "bulegileng" le e e motlhofo ya go tlhama diteng. Re kile ra buisana gangwe le gape ka megopolo ya diporojeke tse di bonolo, tse di bulegileng thata, tse di ka emelang kgotsa tsa tlaleletsa Nupedia. Go lebega mo go nna gore diwiki di ka dirisiwa ka bonako thata, di tlhoka tlhokomelo e nnye fela, mme ka kakaretso ga di na kotsi e kgolo. Gape di ka nna motswedi o mogolo wa diteng. Ka jalo, ga go na mathata a magolo a a ka nnang teng, go ya ka kafa ke bonang ka teng. Wales e ne ya tlhoma e le nngwe mme ya e tsenya mo maranyaneng ka Laboraro wa kgwedi ya Ferikgong etlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001, ka fa tlase ga karolo ya nupedia.com.<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html Nupedia's wiki: try it out".] Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003.</ref> Se se ne sa sutela kwa wiki e ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga karolo ya wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgonge tlhola malatsia a le lesome le botlhano. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa, lenaneo la [[:en:GNUPedia|GNUPedia]] la [[:en:Free_Software_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Mananeo a disupa ditlhaka a Mahala]] (FSF) e ne ya tsena mo maranyaneng, e e neng e ka nna ya gaisana le [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]],<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603 Slashdot Comments | GNUPedia Project Starting]". Slashdot.org. January 17, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990 Archived] from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme mo dingwageng di le mmalwa FSF e ne ya rotloetsa batho "go etela le go tsenya letsogo mo [Wikipedia]" boemong jwa seo.<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ "The Free Encyclopedia Project]". GNU.org. 2012 [1999]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ Archived] from the original on December 21, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2012.</ref> === Go tlhongwa ga Wikipedia === ''Bona gape: [[:en:First_Wikipedia_edit|Tseleganyo ya ntlha ya Wikipedia]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia's_oldest_articles|Wikipedia:Ditlhogo tsa bogologolo tsa Wikipedia]], le [[:en:Wikipedia:First_100_pages|Wikipedia:Ditsebe tsa ntlha di le]]'' ''[[:en:Wikipedia:First_100_pages|lekgolo]]'' Go ne go na le go okaoka mo gare ga barulaganyi ka go bofa Nupedia gaufi thata le kelelo ya tiro ya mofuta wa wiki.<ref name=":4" /> Morago ga gore wiki ya Nupedia e thankgololwe ka fa tlase ga nupedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html "&#x5B;Nupedia-l&#x5D; Nupedia's wiki: try it out"]. April 25, 2003. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> Wales e ne ya akantshanya go simolola lenaneo le le ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga leina la yone, mme Sanger o ne a akantshanya ''Wikipedia'', a e tlhama jaaka "lenaneo la tlaleletso ya Nupedia e e dirang e e ikemetseng ka nosi gotlhelele."<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 11, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html <nowiki>Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki</nowiki>]..." Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Wiki e ntšhwa e ne ya simololwa kwa wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001. [[:en:Bandwidth_(computing)|Bophara jwa bogolo jwa kgokaganyo ya maranyane]] le [[:en:Server_(computing)|tsamaiso e e bolokang tshedimosetso]] (e e kwa San Diego) tse di dirisitsweng mo mananeong ao a ntlha di ne tsa neelwa ke Bomis. Badiri ba le bantsi ba pele ba Bomis moragonyana ba ne ba ntsha diteng tsa ensaetlopedia: segolobogolo [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]], motlhami-mmogo le moragonyana Mokhuduthamaga wa Bomis, le motlhami wa dithulaganyo Jason Richey. [[Setshwantsho:Jimmy Wales' Mac and the First Wikipedia Edit — "Hello World" (51738433963).jpg|thumb|iMac ya ga Jimmy Wales e ne e dirisiwa go dira tseleganyo ya ntlha mo Wikipedia]] Wales o boletse ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2008 gore o dirile tseleganyo ya ntlha ya Wikipedia, tseleganyo ya teko e e nang le mokwalo o o reng "[[:en:"Hello,_World!"_program|Dumela, Lefatshe]]!", mme se e ka tswa e ne e le mo mofuteng wa bogologolo wa Wikipedia o ka bonako morago ga moo o neng wa phimolwa mme wa emisediwa ka go simolola gape.<ref>Message by Jimmy Wales {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412003535/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&diff=prev&oldid=258632986|date=12 April 2016}} Wednesday 17 December 2008. Retrieved Saturday 30 January 2010.</ref><ref>Starling, Tim (January 14, 2011). "[[mailarchive:wikien-l/2011-January/108198.html|Hello world]]?". ''WikiEN-l'' (Mailing list). Retrieved June 4, 2022.</ref>Tseleganyo ya ntlha e e neng ya boela mo Wikipedia.com e ne e le ya Tsebe ya Gae ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, e e neng e balega jaana "E ke Wikipedia e ntšhwa!"; e ka bonwa [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/908493298|fa]].<ref>Wikipedia's earliest edits were once believed lost, as early [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] software deleted data after a month. But on 14 December 2010, [[:en:Tim_Starling|Tim Starling]] found backups on [[:en:SourceForge|SourceForge]] containing every change made to Wikipedia from its creation in January 2001 to 17 August 2001. As of 2019, these were imported into Wikipedia's edit history. Before that, the first edits that had been known were to [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/291430|Wikipedia:UuU]], [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/286342|TransporT]], and [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/11992008|User:ScottMoonen]] on 16 January 2001.</ref> Go nna teng ga lenaneo go ne ga itsisiwe semmuso mme boikuelo jwa gore baithaopi ba nne le seabe mo go tlhameng diteng bo ne jwa dirwa kwa lenaaneng la go romela ka poso la Nupedia ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html <nowiki>"[Nupedia-l] Wikipedia is up!</nowiki>]". March 31, 2003. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html the original] on March 31, 2003. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Lenaneo le ne la amogela batsayakarolo ba le bantsi ba bašwa morago ga go umakiwa mo lefelong ya maranyane le le naleng tshedimosetso ya [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Britannica and Free Content]". Slashdot. July 26, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Archived] from the original on January 14, 2009.</ref> e setse e umakilwe gabedi ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwo ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99 "Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer]". Slashdot. March 5, 2001.</ref><ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95 "Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes]". Slashdot. March 29, 2001.</ref> Morago ga moo e ne ya amogela tshupo e e tlhageletseng ya kgang mo lefelong ya maranyane le le naleng tshedimosetso le setso e e rulagantsweng ke baagi ya Kuro5hin, e e rulaganngwang ke setšhaba, e e buang ka maranyane le setso, ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 "Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias]". Kuro5hin. July 25, 2001. Archived from [http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 the original] on November 7, 2001.</ref> Fa gare ga go tsena moo ga batho ba le bantsi, go ne go ntse go na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba tla go tswa kwa metsweding e mengwe, segolobogolo Google, e e neng e romela makgolokgolo a baeng ba basha mo lefelong e e le nosi letsatsi le letsatsi. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Kgaso ya yone]] [[:en:Mainstream_media|ya bobegakgang]] ya ntlha e kgolo e ne e le mo [[:en:The_New_York_Times|''The New York Times'']] ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>Meyers, Peter (September 20, 2001). [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html "Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You]". The New York Times. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090415232001/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html Archived] from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> === Dikgaogano le go dira gore dilo di nne tsa boditšhabatšhaba === Kwa tshimologong ya tlhabololo ya Wikipedia, e ne ya simolola go atologa kwa mafatsheng a mangwe, ka go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Namespace|mafelo a masha a maina]], lengwe le lengwe le na le setlhopa se se farologaneng sa [[:en:Username|maina a badirisi]]. [[:en:Subdomain|Karolopotlana]] ya ntlha e e tlhametsweng Wikipedia e e seng ya Seesemane e ne e le [[:en:German_Wikipedia|deutsche.wikipedia.com]] (e e tlhamilweng ka Labotlhano kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa 2001, mo nakong ya oura e le nngwe le metsotso e le masome a mararo le borobedi kwa morago ga nako ya UTC),<ref>"[[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|Alternative language Wikipedias]]". Lists. Wikimedia. March 15, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html Archived] from the original on June 20, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme morago ga dioura di le mmalwa ya latelwa ke [[:en:Catalan_Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]] (ka oura ya lesome le boraro le metsotso e le supa mo nakong ya UTC).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage "History of the Catalan Homepage]". Wikipedia. Archived from [https://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage the original] on April 13, 2001. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> [[:en:Japanese_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sejapane]], e e simolotseng e le nihongo.wikipedia.com, e ne ya tlhamiwa mo pakeng eo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 "Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage]". April 20, 2001. Archived from [https://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 the original] on April 20, 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/ Wikipedia: HomePage]". March 31, 2001. Archived from [https://www.wikipedia.com/ the original] on March 31, 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref>mme kwa tshimologong e ne e dirisa fela [[:en:Romanization_of_Japanese|Sejapane se se fetotsweng sa Seroma]]. Mo dikgweding di ka nna pedi Se-Catalan e ne e le sone se se nang le dipego tse dintsi ka puo e e seng ya Seesemane,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)|Multilingual monthly statistics]]</ref><ref>[https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1 "First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia]" (in Catalan). Wikipedia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac Archived] from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> le fa dipalopalo tsa nako eo ya ntlha di sa nepagala.<ref>This [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)&oldid=192353617 table] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221921/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AMultilingual_monthly_statistics_%282001%29&oldid=192353617 Archived] 22 February 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], for instance, misses Japanese and German articles such as [https://web.archive.org/web/20010421123743/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nihongo_no_funimekusu this one] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20010411030440/http://deutsche.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nupedia_Deutsch-L_Sektion this one], both dated 6 April 2001.</ref> Wikipedia ya Sefora e tlhamilwe ka kgotsa mo e ka nnang ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome lebongwe ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>The [https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Documentation on the French Wikipedia] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210608194149/https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Archived] 8 June 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] mentions the date of 23 March 2001, but this date is not supported by Wikipedia snapshots on the [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nor by Jason Richey's letter, which was dated 11 May 2001 (see below).</ref> ka lekhubu la diphetolelo tse dišwa tsa puo tse gape di neng di akaretsa [[:en:Chinese_Wikipedia|Setšhaena]], [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Sedatšhe]], [[:en:Esperanto_Wikipedia|Seeseperanto]], [[:en:Hebrew_Wikipedia|Sehebera]], [[:en:Italian_Wikipedia|Sentadiana]], [[:en:Portuguese_Wikipedia|Sepotokisi]], [[:en:Russian_Wikipedia|Serussia]], [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Sepanishe]], le [[:en:Swedish_Wikipedia|Sesweden]].<ref>[[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html|Letter of Jason Richey to wikipedia-l mailing list]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620081721/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html Archived] 20 June 2014 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] 11 May 2001</ref> Go ise go ye kae dipuo tseno di ne tsa kopanngwa ke [[:en:Arabic_Wikipedia|Searabia]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage "Homepage from the Internet Archive"]. Wikipedia. Archived from [https://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage the original] on November 18, 2001. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> le [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Sehungary]].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Announcements]] May 2001</ref><ref>"[https://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history International Wikipedia]". Wikipedia. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 2001, kitsiso e ne ya solofetsa go ineela mo tlamelong ya dipuo tse dintsi ya Wikipedia,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Announcements_2001#September_2001|Wikipedia:Announcements 2001]]</ref> e itsise badirisi ka go phatlaldiwa gmo go tlang ga Wikipedias ya dipuo tsotlhe tse dikgolo, go tlhongwa ga maemo a konokono, le go kgaratlhela thanolo ya ditsebe tsa konokono tsa wiki tsa ditsebe tse dišwa tsa wiki. Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga oo, fa dipalopalo tsa boditšhabatšhaba di ne di simolola go kwalwa la ntlha, go ne ga itsisiwe diphetolelo tsa [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Seaforikanse]], [[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Senorway]] le [[:en:Serbian_Wikipedia|Seserbia]].<ref>"[https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics International Wikipedias statistics]". [https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics Wikipedia]. Archived from the original on March 5, 2003. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2002, karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia di ne di le ka Seesemane. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2004, batho ba ba kwa tlase ga karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong e ne e le Baesemane, mme go dira gore batho ba nne ba boditšhabatšhaba gono go tsweletse go oketsega fa ensaetlopedia e e ntse e gola. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2014, mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a borobabobedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia di ne di le mo mefuteng ya Wikipedia e e seng ya Seesemane.<ref>"[[m:List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)]]". Wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total Archived] from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2014.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2023, Di-Wikipedia tsa Seesemane le tsa Seesemane se se motlhofo di na le dipego di le didikadike di le di le supa fa gare ga tsone, mme mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dipego di ne di le mo di-Wikipedia tse e seng tsa Seesemane.<ref>[[m:List_of_Wikipedias|"List of Wikipedias – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> [[Wikipedia]], e leng ensaetlolopedia ya mo mafaratlhatlheng a inthanete e e nang le diteng tsa mahala tse di kwadilweng le go tlhokomelwa ke morafe wa baithaopi ba ba bidiwang Wikipedians, e simolotse ka go kwalwa ga yone ga ntlha ka Ferikgong a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2001, malatsi a mabedi morago ga gore kgolagano ya dikhomphiutha ya yone e kwadisiwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools |url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org |archive-date=17 April 2017 |access-date=24 October 2016 |website=[[WHOIS]]}}</ref> E ne ya gola go tswa mo Nupedia, e leng ensaetlolopedia e e rulagantsweng botoka ya mahala, e le tsela ya go letla gore go kwalwe dikwalo le dithanolo motlhofo le ka bofefo. Ditshegetso tsa maranyane le megopolo ya Wikipedia di tla pele ga se; mogopolo wa ntlha o o itsiweng wa go dira ensaetlolopedia ya mahala o ne wa dirwa ke Rick Gates ka 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger |url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html |archive-date=15 April 2012 |access-date=9 November 2013 |publisher=History Computer}}</ref> mme mogopolo wa ensaetlolopedia ya mo inthaneteng e e gololesegileng (e e farologaneng le ya motswedi o o bulegileng fela ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Philosophy |url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=5 November 2013 |publisher=GNU}}</ref> e ne ya simolodisiwa ke Richard Stallman ka 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web |last=Stallman |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Stallman |year=1998 |title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft) |url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html |archive-date=24 January 2021 |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=GNU}}</ref> Mogopolo wa ga Stallman o ne o akaretsa kgang ya gore ga go na mokgatlho ope o o tshwanetseng go laola go tlaleletsa/kwala. Se se ne se farologana le diensaetlolopedia tsa maranyane tsa segompieno tse di tshwanang le Microsoft Encarta le ''Ensaetlolopedia ya Borithane .'' Ka 2001, teseletso ya Nupedia e ne ya fetolwa go nna GFDL, mme Jimmy Wales le Larry Sanger ba ne ba simolola Wikipedia jaaka lenaneo la tlaleletso, ba dirisa wiki ya mo inthaneteng jaaka sedirisiwa sa go kwala ka tirisanommogo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=WikiHistory |url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory |archive-date=21 June 2002 |access-date=15 May 2013 |publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Le fa kwa tshimologong Wikipedia e ne e akanngwa e le lefelo la go kwala dikwalo le megopolo ye e iseng e tlhomamisiwe mme morago di baakangwe di atolosiwe moNupedia, e ne ya feta Nupedia mo tseleng ka bofefo, ya nna lefelo la go kwala le dikwalo tse di iseng di tlhomamisiwe le tse di setseng di baakantswe ele lenaneo la lefatshe lotlhe ka bophara go dirisiwa makgolokgolo a dipuo, mme se sa tlhotlheletsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya mananeo a mangwe a dipadi tsa kitso mo inthaneteng . Ka 2014, Wikipedia e ne e na le babadi ba ka nna didikadike di le makgolo a mane le masome a le boferabongwe le botlhano (495 million) ka kgwedi. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|access-date=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ka 2015, go ya ka comScore, Wikipedia e ne ya amogela baeng ba ba kgethegileng ba feta didikadike di le lekgolo le lesome le botlhano kgwedi le kgwedi go tswa kwa United States fela. <ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web |date=24 February 2015 |title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015 |url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 |archive-date=17 March 2015 |access-date=17 March 2015 |publisher=comScore}}</ref> Ka Lwetse 2018, mananeo a a ne a bona dipono tsa ditsebe di le dibilione di le 15,5 (lesome le botlhano le sephatlo) ka kgwedi. fbnsnrbdh5540yrc6734ac7yucq11b0 53421 53417 2026-07-28T02:36:14Z Atsile Edith 11759 Ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 53421 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wikipedia]], e leng ensaetlopedia ya mo maranyaneng e e nang le diteng [[:en:Free_content|tse di sa duelelweng]] e e kwadilweng le go tlhokomelwa ke setšhaba sa baithaopi ba ba bidiwang [[Wikipedians]], e simolotse ka go kwalwa ga yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), malatsi a mabedi morago ga gore lotshwao loo le kwadisiwe.<ref>[http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org "Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools"]. ''[[:en:WHOIS|WHOIS]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org Archived] from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref> E ne ya gola go tswa mo [[Nupedia]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e rulagantsweng sentle e e sa duelelweng, e le tsela ya go letla go kwalwa ga ditlhogo le dithanolo motlhofo le ka bonako. Ditshegetso tsa maranyane le tsa dikgopolo tsa Wikipedia di tla pele ga seno; kakanyo ya ntlha e e itsiweng ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e dirilwe ke Rick Gates ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro (1993),<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html "Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger"]. History Computer. 2010. Archived from [http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html the original] on April 15, 2012. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> mme kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e e gololesegileng (jaaka e farologana le motswedi o o bulegileng fela)<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source "Philosophy"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source Archived] from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> e ne ya akanngwa ke Richard Stallman ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998).<ref name=":1">[[:en:Richard_Stallman|Stallman, Richard]] (1998). [https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html "The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html Archived] from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Kgopolo ya ga Stallman e ne e akaretsa ka tlhamalalo kgopolo ya gore ga go na mokgatlho ope o o botlhokwa o o tshwanetseng go laola go rulaganya. Seno se ne se farologana le diensaetlopedia tsa maranyane tsa motlha oo jaaka [[Microsoft Encarta]] le ''[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]''. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), teseletso ya [[Nupedia]] e ne ya fetolwa go nna [[GFDL]], mme [[Jimmy Wales]] le [[Larry Sanger]] ba ne ba simolola Wikipedia jaaka porojekete e e tlaleletsang, ba dirisa wiki ya mo maranyaneng jaaka sedirisiwa sa go kwala ka tirisanommogo.<ref>[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory "WikiHistory"]. [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory Archived] from the original on June 21, 2002. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Le fa kwa tshimologong Wikipedia e ne e akanngwa e le lefelo la go kwala mekwalo le dikgopolo tsa gore kgabagare go baakanngwe Nupedia, e ne ya feta e e neng e le teng pele ga yone ka bonako, ya nna lefelo la go kwala diathikele le legae la setlhagiswa sa bofelo se se baakantsweng sa porojekete ya lefatshe lotlhe ka makgolokgolo a dipuo, mme seno sa tlhotlheletsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya diporojekete tse dingwe tsa ditshupiso tsa mo maranyaneng. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), Wikipedia e ne e na le babadi ba ka nna didikadike di le makgolo a mane le masome a ferabongwe le botlhano ka kgwedi.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]''. March 1, 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140408202455/http://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks Archived] from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), go ya ka [[comScore]], Wikipedia e ne ya amogela baeng ba ba kgethegileng ba feta idikadike di le lekgolo le lesome le botlhano ka kgwedi go tswa kwa United States fela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 "comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015"]. comScore. February 24, 2015. Archived from [http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 the original] on March 17, 2015. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), diporojekete tseno di ne tsa bonwa baeng mo tsebeng ba le dibilione di le lesome le botlhano le sephatlo ka kgwedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects "Monthly overview"]. ''Wikimedia statistics''. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from [[stats:v2/#/all-projects|the original]] on January 24, 2020. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> [[File:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Tsebe ya boremelelo ya Wikipedia (Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2001)]] == Kakaretso ya ditso == === Lemorago === Kgopolo ya go kokoanya kitso ya lefatshe mo lefelong le le lengwe e simolotse kwa [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|lefelong la go bala la bogologolo la Alexandria]] le [[:en:Library_of_Pergamum|Lefelong la go bala la Pergamo,]] mme go na le dilo tsa bogologolo tse di neng tsa tla pele ga kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia e e akaretsang, [[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|ditso tse di jaaka Naturalis]] ya ga [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny yo Mogolo]], mme kakanyo ya segompieno ya ensaekolopedia e e akaretsang tsotlhe, e e gatisiwang le go anamisiwa kwa bathong ba le bantsi, e simologile ka [[:en:Denis_Diderot|Denis Diderot]] le baitseanape ba Fora ba lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga ba ba neng ba kwala diensaekolopedia.<ref>Miloš, Todorović (2018). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594 From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge]". ''Časopis KSIO''. '''1''': 88–102. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5281/zenodo.3235309|10.5281/zenodo.3235309.]] Retrieved October 20, 2021.</ref> Kgopolo ya go dirisa metšhine e e itirisang go feta [[:en:Printing_press|motšhine o o gatisang]] go aga ensaetlopedia e e mosola thata e ka bonwa mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:Paul_Otlet|Paul Otlet]] ya ngwaga wa 1934 ya ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet gape o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Mundaneum|Mundaneum]], e leng setheo se se neng se ineetse go dira ditshupane tsa kitso ya lefatshe, ka ngwaga wa 1910. Kgopolo e ya ensaetlopedia e e thusiwang ke motšhini e ne ya atolosiwa go ya pele mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:H._G._Wells|H. G. Wells]] ya ditlhamo" [[:en:World_Brain|''World Brain'']] (ngwaga wa1938) le pono ya ga [[:en:Vannevar_Bush|Vannevar Bush]] ya isago ya [[:en:Memex|Memex]] e e neng e dirisa [[:en:Microfilm|filimi e e bolokang ditshwantso ka bogolo jo bonnye]], e a e tlhalositse mo setlhangweng sa gagwe se se bidiwang "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (ngwaga wa 1945).<ref name=":2">Reagle, Joseph (2010). Good Faith Collaboration. The Culture of Wikipedia. MIT Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0262014472|978-0262014472.]] Chapter 2: "The Pursuit of the Universal Encyclopedia".</ref> Phitlhelelo e nngwe e ne e le lenaneo la Xanadu la ga [[:en:Ted_Nelson|Ted Nelson]] ya go tlhama ditlhangwa tse dintsi, e e neng ya simolola ka ngwaga wa 1960.<ref name=":2" /> Tiriso ya baithaopi e ne e le botlhokwa thata mo go direng le go tlhokomeleng Wikipedia. Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa go ne go se na inthanete, mananeo tse dikgolo tse di dingalo tsa mofuta o o tshwanang di ne di dirisitse baithaopi. Ka tlhamalalo, go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Oxford_English_Dictionary|''Thanodi ya Seesemane ya Oxford'']] go ne ga akanngwa ka puo kwa lefelong la dibuka la London, ka Letsatsi la ga [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele a tlhola malatsi a le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 1857, ke [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. Go tsere dingwaga di ka nna masome a supa go wediwa. Dr. Trench o ne a akanya ka bukantswe e ntšha e kgolo ya lefoko lengwe le lengwe mo puong ya Seesemane, le go dirisiwa ka puso ya batho le batho le ka kgololesego. Go ya ka mokwadi Simon Winchester, "Go dira thulaganyo e, o ne a re, go ne go feta bokgoni jwa motho ope fela. Go bala dibuka tsotlhe tsa Seesemane – le go sekaseka makwalo a dikgang a London le New York le makwalo a dikgang le buka ya tsotlhe a aitseng go bala le go kwala – go na le moo go tshwanetse ga nna 'tiro e e kopaneng ya batho ba le bantsi.' Go tla tlhokega go thapa setlhopha – mo godimo ga moo, se segolo – se gongwe se nang le makgolokgolo le makgolokgolo a batho ba ba sa duelweng, botlhe ba dira jaaka baithaopi."<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998). ''The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary''. Harpers, p. 106.</ref> Kgatelopele ya maranyane ya tshedimosetso kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga e ne ya dira gore go dirwe diphetogo mo mofuteng wa diensaetlopedia. Le fa diensaetlopedia tsa nako e e fetileng, segolobogolo [[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|''Encyclopædia Britannica'']], gantsi di ne di theilwe mo dibukeng, [[:en:Encarta|Encarta]] ya Microsoft, e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 1993, e ne e le teng mo CD-ROM e bile e na le [[:en:Hyperlink|dikgolagano tse dintsi]]. Go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] go ne ga dira gore go dirwe maiteko a mantsi a go dira [[:en:Online_encyclopedia|mananeo a ensaetlopedia tsa maranyane]]. Tshitshinyo ya ntlha ya ensaetlopedia ya mo inthaneteng e ne e le [[:en:Interpedia|Interpedia]] ka ngwaga wa1993 ke [[:en:Rick_Gates_(Internet_pioneer)|Rick Gates]];<ref name=":0" /> lenaneo le le ne la swa pele ga e tlhagisa diteng dipe tsa ensaetlopedia. Motshegetsi wa [[:en:Free_software|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka sa mahala]] [[:en:Richard_Stallman|Richard Stallman]] o ne a tlhalosa botlhokwa jwa "Ensaetlopedia ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Mahala le Motswedi wa go Ithuta" ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":1" /> Tokomane ya gagwe e e gatisitsweng e ne ya tlhalosa kafa go ka "tlhomamisiwang ka gone gore kgatelopele e tswelela pele go ya kwa dipoelong tse di gaisang le tsa tlholego." Motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia e bong Jimmy Wales o ne a bolela gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tla fa e ne e le moithuti wa dialogane kwa [[:en:Indiana_University_Bloomington|Mmadikolong wa Indiana]], koo a neng a kgatlhiwa ke katlego ya [[:en:Open-source_movement|mokgatlho wa motswedi o o bulegileng]] mme a fitlhela [[:en:GNU_Manifesto|Lekwalo la maikelelo le bokgoni la ga Emacs]] wa ga Richard Stallman o o rotloetsang [[:en:Free_software_movement|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka a mahala]] le itsholelo ya go abelana e kgatlhang. Wales gape o akgola tlhamo ya ga moitseanape wa itsholelo wa [[:en:Austrian_School|Sekolo sa Austria]] e bong [[:en:Friedrich_Hayek|Friedrich Hayek]], Polelo ya tlhamo ya "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng,]]" e a neng a e bala fa a ne a le moithuti wa pele ga kalogo,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all Know It All - The New Yorker]". ''[[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker]]''. September 30, 2014. Archived from [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all the original] on September 30, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> jaaka "e e botlhokwa" mo go akanyeng ga gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka gone."<ref>Mangu-Ward, Katherine (May 30, 2007). "[https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ Wikipedia and Beyond]". ''Reason.com''. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> Tlhamo e e gatelela gore [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|tshedimosetso e kgaogantswe fela ka bongwe]]—gore motho mongwe le mongwe o itse fela karolwana e nnye ya se se itsiweng mmogo, ditshwetso di dirwa botoka ke batho ba ba nang le kitso ya lefelo leo, go na le ke bothati jo bo botlhokwa. Ka nako eo, Wales o ne a ithuta tsa madi mme o ne a kgatlhilwe ke ditlhotlheletso tsa batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba ntsha seabe jaaka baithaopi mo go tlhameng mananeo a disupaditlhaka tsa mahala, koo dikai di le dintsi di neng di nna le dipholo tse di molemo thata.<ref>[https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales "Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales: "I have this crazy idea that people will pay for free news]"", Danny in the Valley, January 19, 2018, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055526/https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales archived] from the original on March 16, 2023, retrieved March 16, 2023 Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Go ya ka mokwalo wa dikgang w ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'', Wikipedia "e simolotse mo tsholofelong ya maranyane e e neng e tlhaola inthanete kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga. E ne e tshwara gore batho ba ba tlwaelesegileng ba ka dirisa disupa ditlhaka tsa bone jaaka didirisiwa tsa kgololesego, thuto, le go sedimosiwa."<ref>[https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher "Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher]". The Economist. January 9, 2021. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613 0013-0613.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221231224550/https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher Archived] from the original on December 31, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.</ref> === Go tlhama kgopolo === Wikipedia e ne ya akanyediwa kwa tshimologong jaaka lenaneo la phepo ya [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] e e neng ya tlhongwa kwa Wales, lenaneo la pelenyana la go tlhagisa ensaetlopedia ya mahala ya inthanete, e e neng ya ithaopela go dira ke [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]], kompone ya dipapatso tsa maranyane e e leng ya ga Jimmy, [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]] le [[:en:Michael_E._Davis_(businessman)|Michael E. Davis]]. <ref>[[:en:Marshall_Poe|Poe, Marshall]] (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ The Hive]". The Atlantic Monthly. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061223004004/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia Archived] from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. Wales and Sanger created the first Nupedia wiki on 10 January 2001. The initial purpose was to get the public to add entries that would then be "fed into the Nupedia process" of authorization. Most of Nupedia's expert volunteers, however, wanted nothing to do with this, so Sanger decided to launch a separate site called "Wikipedia". Neither Sanger nor Wales looked on Wikipedia as anything more than a lark. This is evident in Sanger's flip announcement of Wikipedia to the Nupedia discussion list. "Humor me", he wrote. "Go there and add a little article. It will take all of five or ten minutes". And, to Sanger's surprise, go they did. Within a few days, Wikipedia outstripped Nupedia in terms of quantity, if not quality, and a small community developed. In late January, Sanger created a Wikipedia discussion list (Wikipedia-L) to facilitate discussion of the project.</ref><ref name=":3">Sidener, Jonathan (December 6, 2004). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090221005820/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html Everyone's Encyclopedia]". ''[[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]''. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html the original] on February 21, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref><ref name=":4">Sanger, Larry (April 18, 2005). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part] I". Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 the original] on July 22, 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95 "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II".] [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]]. April 19, 2005. Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95 the original] on November 8, 2006. My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.</ref>Nupedia e ne ya tlhongwa mo tirisong ya baithaopi ba ba tshwanelegang le thulaganyo ya go [[:en:Peer_review|sekaseka balekane]] e e nang le dikgato di le dintsi.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Business Horizons, Volume 57 Issue 5, pp. 617–626</ref> Le fa e ne e na le lenaane la barulaganyi ba ba kgatlhegang ba ba fetang dikete tse pedi, le go nna teng ga ga Sanger jaaka morulaganyi-mogolo wa nako e e tletseng,<ref>"[[m:My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger Archived] from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023. I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.</ref> go tlhagisiwa ga diteng tsa Nupedia go ne go le bonya thata, ka dipego di le lesome le bobedi fela tse di kwadilweng mo ngwageng wa ntlha.<ref name=":4" /> Ba-Nupedia ba ne ba tlotla ka ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tlhama diteng ka bonako.<ref name=":3" /> Di-wiki di ne di dirisitswe gongwe mo boranyaneng go rulaganya kitso,<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html "From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition]". ''Chicago Tribune''. January 12, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> mme kgopolo ya tlaleletso e e theilweng mo di-[[:en:Wiki|wiki]] mo Nupedia e ne ya tlholwa ke motlotlo magareng ga Sanger le Ben Kovitz,<ref name=":5">"[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Ben Kovitz]". [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070404030625/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Archived] from the original on April 4, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – see also Ben Kovitz' fuller account which he links from there.</ref><ref name=":6">Moody, Glyn (July 13, 2006). [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia "This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts"]. The Guardian. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070222023201/http://technology.guardian.co.uk/weekly/story/0,,1818630,00.html Archived] from the original on February 22, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – While casting around for a way to speed up article production, Sanger met with Kovitz, an old friend, in January 2001. Kovitz introduced Sanger to the idea of the wiki, invented in 1995 by Ward Cunningham: web pages that anyone could write and edit. "My first reaction was that this really could be what would solve the problem," Sanger explains, "because the software was already written, and this community of people on WikiWikiWeb" – the first wiki – "had created something like 14,000 pages". Nupedia, by contrast, had produced barely two dozen articles. Sanger took up the idea immediately: "I wrote up a proposal and sent it [to Wales] that evening, and the wiki was then set up for me to work on." But this was not Wikipedia as we know it. "Originally it was the Nupedia Wiki – our idea was to use it as an article incubator for Nupedia. Articles could begin life on this wiki, be developed collaboratively and, when they got to a certain stage of development, be put into the Nupedia system."</ref><ref name=":7">Sidener, Jonathan (September 23, 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017041126/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html "Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy]". [[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html the original] on October 17, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.</ref> le ke o mongwe magareng ga Wales le Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name=":5" /> Kovitz e ne e le motlhami wa diporokeramo tsa khomphiutha mme a nna mo wiki ya ga [[:en:Ward_Cunningham|Ward Cunningham]] e e fetolang wiki go nna "[[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]". O ne a tlhalosetsa Sanger gore di-wiki ke eng, fa ba ne ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 The Hive"]. [[:en:The_Atlantic_Monthly|The Atlantic Monthly]]. p. 3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 Archived] from the original on November 10, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – "Over tacos that night, Sanger explained his concerns about Nupedia's lack of progress, the root cause of which was its serial editorial system. As Nupedia was then structured, no stage of the editorial process could proceed before the previous stage was completed. Kovitz brought up the wiki and sketched out 'wiki magic,' the mysterious process by which communities with common interests work to improve wiki pages by incremental contributions. If it worked for the rambunctious hacker culture of programming, Kovitz said, it could work for any online collaborative project. The wiki could break the Nupedia bottleneck by permitting volunteers to work simultaneously all over the project. With Kovitz in tow, Sanger rushed back to his apartment and called Wales to share the idea. Over the next few days, he wrote a formal proposal for Wales and started a page on Cunningham's wiki called 'Wikipedia.'"</ref>Wales o ne a bolela ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2001 gore "Larry o ne a na le mogopolo wa go dirisa maranyane a sesupa ditlhaka sa Wiki" mo bathong ba ba neng ba boregile ka thulaganyo ya Nupedia,<ref>Wales, Jimmy (October 30, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20140620072830/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html LinkBacks]?". Wikimedia. Archived from [[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|the original]] (Email) on June 20, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref> mme moragonyana a bolela ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2005 gore Rosenfeld o ne a mo itsise kgopolo ya wiki.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness]". [[:en:Wired_News|Wired News]]. May 3, 2007. Archived from [https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium the original] on March 28, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2007. Wired.com states: "Wales offered the following on-the-record comment in an e-mail to NewAssignment.net editor [and NYU Professor] [[:en:Jay_Rosen|Jay Rosen]] ...' Larry Sanger was my employee working under my direct supervision during the entire process of launching Wikipedia. He was not the originator of the proposal to use a wiki for the encyclopedia project – that was Jeremy Rosenfeld'."</ref> Sanger o ne a akanya gore wiki e tla nna polatefomo e e siameng go e dirisa, mme a tshitshinya mo lenaaneng la go romela la Nupedia gore wiki e e theilweng mo UseModWiki (ka nako eo v. 0.90)e tlhomiwe jaaka lenaneo la "mojesi" ya Nupedia. Ka fa tlase ga setlhogo sa "A re direng wiki", o ne a kwala jaana:<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html Let's make a wiki]". Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Nnyaa, se ga se tshitshinyo e e sa tshwanelang. Ke kakanyo ya go tsenya karolo e nnye mo Nupedia. Jimmy Wales o akanya gore batho ba le bantsi ba ka nna ba fitlhela kgopolo eno e sa amogelesege, mme nna ga ke akanye jalo... Fa e le ka tiriso ya wiki ya Nupedia, eno ke thulaganyo ya BOFELO e e "bulegileng" le e e motlhofo ya go tlhama diteng. Re kile ra buisana gangwe le gape ka megopolo ya diporojeke tse di bonolo, tse di bulegileng thata, tse di ka emelang kgotsa tsa tlaleletsa Nupedia. Go lebega mo go nna gore diwiki di ka dirisiwa ka bonako thata, di tlhoka tlhokomelo e nnye fela, mme ka kakaretso ga di na kotsi e kgolo. Gape di ka nna motswedi o mogolo wa diteng. Ka jalo, ga go na mathata a magolo a a ka nnang teng, go ya ka kafa ke bonang ka teng. Wales e ne ya tlhoma e le nngwe mme ya e tsenya mo maranyaneng ka Laboraro wa kgwedi ya Ferikgong etlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001, ka fa tlase ga karolo ya nupedia.com.<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html Nupedia's wiki: try it out".] Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003.</ref> Se se ne sa sutela kwa wiki e ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga karolo ya wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgonge tlhola malatsia a le lesome le botlhano. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa, lenaneo la [[:en:GNUPedia|GNUPedia]] la [[:en:Free_Software_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Mananeo a disupa ditlhaka a Mahala]] (FSF) e ne ya tsena mo maranyaneng, e e neng e ka nna ya gaisana le [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]],<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603 Slashdot Comments | GNUPedia Project Starting]". Slashdot.org. January 17, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990 Archived] from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme mo dingwageng di le mmalwa FSF e ne ya rotloetsa batho "go etela le go tsenya letsogo mo [Wikipedia]" boemong jwa seo.<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ "The Free Encyclopedia Project]". GNU.org. 2012 [1999]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ Archived] from the original on December 21, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2012.</ref> === Go tlhongwa ga Wikipedia === ''Bona gape: [[:en:First_Wikipedia_edit|Tseleganyo ya ntlha ya Wikipedia]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia's_oldest_articles|Wikipedia:Ditlhogo tsa bogologolo tsa Wikipedia]], le [[:en:Wikipedia:First_100_pages|Wikipedia:Ditsebe tsa ntlha di le]]'' ''[[:en:Wikipedia:First_100_pages|lekgolo]]'' Go ne go na le go okaoka mo gare ga barulaganyi ka go bofa Nupedia gaufi thata le kelelo ya tiro ya mofuta wa wiki.<ref name=":4" /> Morago ga gore wiki ya Nupedia e thankgololwe ka fa tlase ga nupedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html "&#x5B;Nupedia-l&#x5D; Nupedia's wiki: try it out"]. April 25, 2003. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> Wales e ne ya akantshanya go simolola lenaneo le le ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga leina la yone, mme Sanger o ne a akantshanya ''Wikipedia'', a e tlhama jaaka "lenaneo la tlaleletso ya Nupedia e e dirang e e ikemetseng ka nosi gotlhelele."<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 11, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html <nowiki>Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki</nowiki>]..." Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Wiki e ntšhwa e ne ya simololwa kwa wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001. [[:en:Bandwidth_(computing)|Bophara jwa bogolo jwa kgokaganyo ya maranyane]] le [[:en:Server_(computing)|tsamaiso e e bolokang tshedimosetso]] (e e kwa San Diego) tse di dirisitsweng mo mananeong ao a ntlha di ne tsa neelwa ke Bomis. Badiri ba le bantsi ba pele ba Bomis moragonyana ba ne ba ntsha diteng tsa ensaetlopedia: segolobogolo [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]], motlhami-mmogo le moragonyana Mokhuduthamaga wa Bomis, le motlhami wa dithulaganyo Jason Richey. [[Setshwantsho:Jimmy Wales' Mac and the First Wikipedia Edit — "Hello World" (51738433963).jpg|thumb|iMac ya ga Jimmy Wales e ne e dirisiwa go dira tseleganyo ya ntlha mo Wikipedia]] Wales o boletse ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2008 gore o dirile tseleganyo ya ntlha ya Wikipedia, tseleganyo ya teko e e nang le mokwalo o o reng "[[:en:"Hello,_World!"_program|Dumela, Lefatshe]]!", mme se e ka tswa e ne e le mo mofuteng wa bogologolo wa Wikipedia o ka bonako morago ga moo o neng wa phimolwa mme wa emisediwa ka go simolola gape.<ref>Message by Jimmy Wales {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412003535/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&diff=prev&oldid=258632986|date=12 April 2016}} Wednesday 17 December 2008. Retrieved Saturday 30 January 2010.</ref><ref>Starling, Tim (January 14, 2011). "[[mailarchive:wikien-l/2011-January/108198.html|Hello world]]?". ''WikiEN-l'' (Mailing list). Retrieved June 4, 2022.</ref>Tseleganyo ya ntlha e e neng ya boela mo Wikipedia.com e ne e le ya Tsebe ya Gae ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, e e neng e balega jaana "E ke Wikipedia e ntšhwa!"; e ka bonwa [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/908493298|fa]].<ref>Wikipedia's earliest edits were once believed lost, as early [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] software deleted data after a month. But on 14 December 2010, [[:en:Tim_Starling|Tim Starling]] found backups on [[:en:SourceForge|SourceForge]] containing every change made to Wikipedia from its creation in January 2001 to 17 August 2001. As of 2019, these were imported into Wikipedia's edit history. Before that, the first edits that had been known were to [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/291430|Wikipedia:UuU]], [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/286342|TransporT]], and [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/11992008|User:ScottMoonen]] on 16 January 2001.</ref> Go nna teng ga lenaneo go ne ga itsisiwe semmuso mme boikuelo jwa gore baithaopi ba nne le seabe mo go tlhameng diteng bo ne jwa dirwa kwa lenaaneng la go romela ka poso la Nupedia ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html <nowiki>"[Nupedia-l] Wikipedia is up!</nowiki>]". March 31, 2003. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html the original] on March 31, 2003. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Lenaneo le ne la amogela batsayakarolo ba le bantsi ba bašwa morago ga go umakiwa mo lefelong ya maranyane le le naleng tshedimosetso ya [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Britannica and Free Content]". Slashdot. July 26, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Archived] from the original on January 14, 2009.</ref> e setse e umakilwe gabedi ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwo ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99 "Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer]". Slashdot. March 5, 2001.</ref><ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95 "Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes]". Slashdot. March 29, 2001.</ref> Morago ga moo e ne ya amogela tshupo e e tlhageletseng ya kgang mo lefelong ya maranyane le le naleng tshedimosetso le setso e e rulagantsweng ke baagi ya Kuro5hin, e e rulaganngwang ke setšhaba, e e buang ka maranyane le setso, ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 "Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias]". Kuro5hin. July 25, 2001. Archived from [http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 the original] on November 7, 2001.</ref> Fa gare ga go tsena moo ga batho ba le bantsi, go ne go ntse go na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba tla go tswa kwa metsweding e mengwe, segolobogolo Google, e e neng e romela makgolokgolo a baeng ba basha mo lefelong e e le nosi letsatsi le letsatsi. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Kgaso ya yone]] [[:en:Mainstream_media|ya bobegakgang]] ya ntlha e kgolo e ne e le mo [[:en:The_New_York_Times|''The New York Times'']] ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>Meyers, Peter (September 20, 2001). [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html "Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You]". The New York Times. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090415232001/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html Archived] from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> === Dikgaogano le go dira gore dilo di nne tsa boditšhabatšhaba === Kwa tshimologong ya tlhabololo ya Wikipedia, e ne ya simolola go atologa kwa mafatsheng a mangwe, ka go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Namespace|mafelo a masha a maina]], lengwe le lengwe le na le setlhopa se se farologaneng sa [[:en:Username|maina a badirisi]]. [[:en:Subdomain|Karolopotlana]] ya ntlha e e tlhametsweng Wikipedia e e seng ya Seesemane e ne e le [[:en:German_Wikipedia|deutsche.wikipedia.com]] (e e tlhamilweng ka Labotlhano kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa 2001, mo nakong ya oura e le nngwe le metsotso e le masome a mararo le borobedi kwa morago ga nako ya UTC),<ref>"[[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|Alternative language Wikipedias]]". Lists. Wikimedia. March 15, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html Archived] from the original on June 20, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme morago ga dioura di le mmalwa ya latelwa ke [[:en:Catalan_Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]] (ka oura ya lesome le boraro le metsotso e le supa mo nakong ya UTC).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage "History of the Catalan Homepage]". Wikipedia. Archived from [https://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage the original] on April 13, 2001. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> [[:en:Japanese_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sejapane]], e e simolotseng e le nihongo.wikipedia.com, e ne ya tlhamiwa mo pakeng eo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 "Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage]". April 20, 2001. Archived from [https://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 the original] on April 20, 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/ Wikipedia: HomePage]". March 31, 2001. Archived from [https://www.wikipedia.com/ the original] on March 31, 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref>mme kwa tshimologong e ne e dirisa fela [[:en:Romanization_of_Japanese|Sejapane se se fetotsweng sa Seroma]]. Mo dikgweding di ka nna pedi Se-Catalan e ne e le sone se se nang le dipego tse dintsi ka puo e e seng ya Seesemane,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)|Multilingual monthly statistics]]</ref><ref>[https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1 "First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia]" (in Catalan). Wikipedia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac Archived] from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> le fa dipalopalo tsa nako eo ya ntlha di sa nepagala.<ref>This [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)&oldid=192353617 table] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221921/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AMultilingual_monthly_statistics_%282001%29&oldid=192353617 Archived] 22 February 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], for instance, misses Japanese and German articles such as [https://web.archive.org/web/20010421123743/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nihongo_no_funimekusu this one] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20010411030440/http://deutsche.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nupedia_Deutsch-L_Sektion this one], both dated 6 April 2001.</ref> Wikipedia ya Sefora e tlhamilwe ka kgotsa mo e ka nnang ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome lebongwe ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>The [https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Documentation on the French Wikipedia] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210608194149/https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Archived] 8 June 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] mentions the date of 23 March 2001, but this date is not supported by Wikipedia snapshots on the [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nor by Jason Richey's letter, which was dated 11 May 2001 (see below).</ref> ka lekhubu la diphetolelo tse dišwa tsa puo tse gape di neng di akaretsa [[:en:Chinese_Wikipedia|Setšhaena]], [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Sedatšhe]], [[:en:Esperanto_Wikipedia|Seeseperanto]], [[:en:Hebrew_Wikipedia|Sehebera]], [[:en:Italian_Wikipedia|Sentadiana]], [[:en:Portuguese_Wikipedia|Sepotokisi]], [[:en:Russian_Wikipedia|Serussia]], [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Sepanishe]], le [[:en:Swedish_Wikipedia|Sesweden]].<ref>[[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html|Letter of Jason Richey to wikipedia-l mailing list]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620081721/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html Archived] 20 June 2014 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] 11 May 2001</ref> Go ise go ye kae dipuo tseno di ne tsa kopanngwa ke [[:en:Arabic_Wikipedia|Searabia]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage "Homepage from the Internet Archive"]. Wikipedia. Archived from [https://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage the original] on November 18, 2001. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> le [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Sehungary]].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Announcements]] May 2001</ref><ref>"[https://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history International Wikipedia]". Wikipedia. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 2001, kitsiso e ne ya solofetsa go ineela mo tlamelong ya dipuo tse dintsi ya Wikipedia,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Announcements_2001#September_2001|Wikipedia:Announcements 2001]]</ref> e itsise badirisi ka go phatlaldiwa gmo go tlang ga Wikipedias ya dipuo tsotlhe tse dikgolo, go tlhongwa ga maemo a konokono, le go kgaratlhela thanolo ya ditsebe tsa konokono tsa wiki tsa ditsebe tse dišwa tsa wiki. Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga oo, fa dipalopalo tsa boditšhabatšhaba di ne di simolola go kwalwa la ntlha, go ne ga itsisiwe diphetolelo tsa [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Seaforikanse]], [[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Senorway]] le [[:en:Serbian_Wikipedia|Seserbia]].<ref>"[https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics International Wikipedias statistics]". [https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics Wikipedia]. Archived from the original on March 5, 2003. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2002, karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia di ne di le ka Seesemane. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2004, batho ba ba kwa tlase ga karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong e ne e le Baesemane, mme go dira gore batho ba nne ba boditšhabatšhaba gono go tsweletse go oketsega fa ensaetlopedia e e ntse e gola. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2014, mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a borobabobedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia di ne di le mo mefuteng ya Wikipedia e e seng ya Seesemane.<ref>"[[m:List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)]]". Wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total Archived] from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2014.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2023, Di-Wikipedia tsa Seesemane le tsa Seesemane se se motlhofo di na le dipego di le didikadike di le di le supa fa gare ga tsone, mme mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dipego di ne di le mo di-Wikipedia tse e seng tsa Seesemane.<ref>[[m:List_of_Wikipedias|"List of Wikipedias – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> === Tlhabololo ya Wikipedia === Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2002, morago ga go gogelwa morago ga matlole ke Bomis ka nako ya go [[:en:Dot-com_bubble|phutlhama ga dot-com]], Sanger o ne a tlogela Nupedia le Wikipedia ka bobedi.<ref>Schiff, Stacy (July 31, 2006). "[https://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact Know It All]". [[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20081122125817/http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact Archived] from the original on November 22, 2008. Retrieved April 25, 2009.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2002, ene le Wales ba ne ba sa tshwane ka dikgopolo tsa bone tsa gore ba ka laola jang diensaetlopedia tse di bulegileng sentle. Bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba sa ntse ba tshegetsa kgopolo ya tirisanommogo e e bulegileng, mme ba ne ba sa dumalane ka gore ba ka tshwara jang barulaganyi ba ba kgoreletsang, dikarolo tse di rileng tsa baitseanape, le tsela e e molemolemo ya go kaela porojeke gore e atlege. Wales o ne a tswelela go tlhoma go ipusa le go ikaela [[:en:Business_development|go tswa kwa tlase go ya kwa godimo]] ke barulaganyi mo Wikipedia. O ne a tlhalosa sentle gore ga a kitla a nna le seabe mo tsamaisong ya letsatsi le letsatsi ya morafe, mme o tlaa o rotloetsa go ithuta go itaola le go ipatlela mekgwa e e gaisang. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2007, Wales e ne ya lekanyetsa seabe sa gagwe thata go ntsha ditshwaelo tsa nako le nako mo dikgannyeng tse di masisi, tiro ya bokhuduthamaga, go buelela kitso, le go rotloetsa diporojeke tse di tshwanang tsa ditshupiso. Sanger o rile ke "moakaretsi" mme o bulegile mo e ka nnang sengwe le sengwe,<ref>Anderson, Nate (February 25, 2007). [https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3 "Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia"]. Ars Technica. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3 Archived] from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2011.</ref> mme a tshitshinya gore baitseanape ba santse ba na le lefelo mo lefatsheng la [[:en:Web_2.0|Web 2.0.]] Ka ngwaga wa 2006 o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e bulegileng e e neng e dirisa maina a mmatota a batsayakarolo go fokotsa go tseleganya go go kgoreletsang, mme a solofela go tlhofofatsa "kaelo e e bonolo ya baitseanape" go oketsa go nepagala ga diteng tsa yone. Ditshwetso ka ga diteng tsa pego di ne di tshwanetse go nna mo diatleng tsa baagi, mme lefelo le ne le tshwanetse go akaretsa polelo ka ga "diteng tse di siametseng lelapa".<ref>[http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy "Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium]". en.citizendium.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy Archived] from the original on November 20, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>Anderson, Nate (February 25, 2007). [https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars "Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia"]. Ars Technica. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars Archived] from the original on March 24, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref> === Diteng tsa nako e e fetileng tsa Wikipedia === Dipego tsa bogologolo, le tse di sa tlholeng di dirisiwa, tsa ensaetlopedia di botlhokwa thata mo dipatlisisong tsa ditso .<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/ Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic]". [[:en:The_Atlantic|The Atlantic]]. January 26, 2021. Archived from [https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/ the original] on January 26, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</ref> Mo pegong nngwe le nngwe ya Wikipedia, mefuta e e fetileng e ka fitlhelelwa ka kgokagano ya "Leba ditso" e e kwa godimo ga tsebe. Ditso tse di feletseng tsa dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia le tsone di ka laisololwa jaaka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|dithotobolo tsa tshedimosetso]], ka sebopego sa difaele tsa [[:en:XML|XML]] tse di gateletsweng.<ref>Koehrsen, Will (October 26, 2018). [https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c "Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia"]. ''Towards Data Science''. Retrieved February 4, 2025.</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, Polokelo ya Faele ya ZIM,<ref name=":8">[[iarchive:zimarchive|"ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming]]". Internet Archive. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</ref> kwa [[:en:Internet_Archive|Polokelong ya Maranyane]], e na le dinepe tse di feletseng tsa nako e e fetileng tsa Wikipedia mmogo le ditlhopho tsa dipego, ka dipuo tse dintsi, go tswa mo dingwageng tse di farologaneng. Di ka bulwa ka mananeo a maranyane a [[:en:Kiwix|Kiwix]]. Magareng ga dingwaga tsa 2007 le 2011, go ne ga gololwa [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|mefuta e meraro ya]] [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|polokelo ya CD/DVD]] (e e bidiwang Mofuta wa Wikipedia 0.5, 0.7 le 0.8) e e nang le tlhopho ya dipego go tswa mo [[:en:English_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Seesemane]]. Di ne tsa nna teng jaaka difaele tsa Kiwix ZIM, go tswa mo Polokelong ya Difaele tsa ZIM<ref name=":8" /> le go tswa mo lefelong la go laisolola ya Kiwix.[70] === Phetogo ya letshwao === == Molanako == ''Dipego tse di sobokanyang ngwaga le ngwaga di tshwarwa mo teng ga lefelo la maina a lenaneo la Wikipedia mme di golaganngwa le tse di fa tlase. Didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa patlisiso di teng mo teng ga dipalo le dipolokelo tsa Wikipedia, mme di kwadilwe kwa bokhutlong jwa pego eo.'' === Ngwagasome wa ntlha: Ngwaga wa 2000 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2009 === ==== Ngwaga wa 2000 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|thumb|Babereki ba Bomis magareng ga dingwaga tsa 2000]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2000, lenaneo la [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] le ne la simololwa. Maikaelelo a yone e ne e le go gatisa dipego tse di kwadilweng ke baitseanape tse di neng di tla fiwa tetla jaaka [[:en:Free_content|diteng tsa mahala]]. Nupedia e tlhomilwe ke Wales, a nale Sanger e le morulaganyi-mogolo, mme e tshegeditswe ka matlole ke kompone ya papatso ya boranyane ya [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]].<ref>Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ The Hive]". [[:en:The_Atlantic|The Atlantic]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061223004004/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia Archived] from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved January 1, 2007.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2001 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2001, Wikipedia e ne ya simolola e le lenaneo le le kwa thoko ya Nupedia, go letla tirisanommogo mo dipegong pele ga go tsena mo thulaganyong ya tshekatsheko ya balekane.<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html Let's make a wiki"]. Nupedia-l mailing list. Internet Archive. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Leina le le ne la ntshiwa e le kakanyo ke Sanger ka la bo kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le le lesome le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2001 jaaka [[:en:Portmanteau|kopano ya mafoko]] ''[[:en:Wiki|wiki]]'' ([[:en:Hawaiian_language|Sehawaiian]] a a kayang "bofefo") le ''ensaetlopedia''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html <nowiki>"[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki</nowiki>]..." nupedia.com. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Maina a kgolagano ya karolo a ''wikipedia.com'' le ''wikipedia.org'' a ne a kwadisiwa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bobedi <ref>[[:en:Network_Solutions|Network Solutions]] (2007) [http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.com WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.com from Network Solutions] Archived 27 September 2007 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Retrieved 27 July 2007.</ref> le a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro,<ref>[[:en:Network_Solutions|Network Solutions]] (2007). [http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.org "WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.org from Network Solutions] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194913/http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.org Archived] 27 September 2007 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]". Retrieved 27 July 2007.</ref> ka go latelana, mme ''wikipedia.org'' e ne ya tsenngwa mo maranyaneng ka lone letsatsi leo.<ref>[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Wikipedia.org Site Info]". [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Archived] from the original on October 6, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2010.</ref> Lenaneo le ne la bulwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Letsatsi la Wikipedia"]]), ka di-Wikipedia tsa ntlha tsa boditšhabatšhaba – dikgatiso tsa Sejeremane, [[:en:Catalan_language|Se-Catalan]], Sefora, [[:en:Swedish_language|Se-Sweden]], le Se-italia– tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa fa gare ga dikgwedi tsa Mopitlo le Motsheganong. Melawana ya "ntlha ya pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore" ([[:en:Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view|NPOV]]) e ne ya tlhamiwa semmuso ka nako eno, mme lekhubu la ntlha la Wikipedia la [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter]] le ne la goroga ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le maosme a mabedi le borataro.<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Britannica and Free Content]". Slashdot. July 26, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Archived] from the original on January 14, 2009.</ref> Pegelo ya ntlha ya bobegakgang ka ga Wikipedia e ne ya tlhagelela ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga 2001 mo mokwalong wa dikgang ywa [[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|''Wales ka Sontaga'']].<ref>[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]] (26 August 2001) Knowledge at your fingertips. Game On: Internet Chat.(writing, "Both Encarta and Britannica are official publications with well-deserved reputations. But there are other options, such as homemade encyclopaedias. One is Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.com) which uses clever software to build an encyclopaedia from scratch. Wiki is software installed on a web server that allows anyone to edit any of the pages. On Wikipedia, anyone can write about any subject they know about. The idea is that over time, enough experts will offer their knowledge for free and build up the world's ultimate hand-built database of knowledge. The disadvantage is that it's still an ongoing project. So far about 8,000 articles have been written and the editors are aiming for 100,000.")</ref> [[:en:September_11_attacks|Ditlhaselo tsa kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe]] di ne tsa dira gore go tlhagelele dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo tsebeng ya gae, mmogo le mabokoso a tshedimosetso a a golaganyang dipego tse di amanang le tsone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011010233257/http://www.wikipedia.com/ October 2001 homepage screenshot] shows the "Breaking News" header up top, as well as 11 September 2001 block of articles under "Current events"; the [https://web.archive.org/web/20011010230439/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/September_11%2C_2001_Terrorist_Attack 9/11] page shows the activist nature of the page, as well as the large number of subtopics created to cover the event.</ref> Ka nako eo, go ne go setse go tlhamilwe dipego di ka nna lekgolo tse di amanang le 9/11 .<ref>Keegan, Brian (November 17, 2020). [https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html "How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today]". Slate. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html Archived] from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2021.</ref> Morago ga ditlhaselo tsa kgwedi ya Lwetse a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe, go ne ga tlhaga kgokagano ya setlhogo sa Wikipedia se se buang ka ditlhaselo tseno mo [[:en:Yahoo!|Yahoo!]] tsebe ya gae, mme seno sa felela ka gore go nne le koketsego ya pharakano.<ref>Pasternack, Alex (September 11, 2021). [https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page "How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page".] Fast Company. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page Archived] from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2021.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2002 ==== Ngwaga wa 2002 e ne ya bona go fokodiwa ga matlole a Wikipedia go tswa go [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]] le go tsamaya ga ga Sanger. Go ne ga nna le go [[:en:Fork_(software_development)|kgaogana]] ga [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sepanishe]], ka go tlhongwa ga [[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|''Encyclopedia Libre'']]. Jimmy Wales o netefaditse gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e tsamaisa papatso ya kgwebo. Maranyane a sesupaditshwantsho a ntlha a a rwalegang a [[:en:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] a ne a simolola go dira ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsia le masome a matlhano. Go ne ga tlhagisiwa diroboto. Lenaneo la ntlha la kgaitsadi ([[:en:Wiktionary|Wiktionary]]) le [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Bukana ya]] [[:en:Manual_of_Style|mokgwa]] ya ntlha ya semmuso di ne tsa thankgololwa. Batshwaedi ba ka nna makgolo a mabedi ba ne ba tseleganya Wikipedia letsatsi le letsatsi.<ref>Singer, Michael (January 16, 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20030316082912/http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641 "Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One]". [[:en:Mecklermedia|''Jupitermedia'']]. Archived from [http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641 the original] on March 16, 2003.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2003 ==== [[Setshwantsho:2003-08-31 English Wikipedia main page.svg|thumb|Tsebekgolo ya Wikipedia (kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2003)]] Wikipedia ya Seesemane e fetile dipego di le dikete tse lekgolo ka ngwaga wa 2003, fa kgatiso e e latelang e kgolo go gaisa, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane, e fetile di le dikete tse lesome. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] o ne wa tlhongwa. Wikipedia e amogetse letshwao la yone la lefatshe la jigsaw. Difomula tsa dipalo tse di dirisang [[:en:TeX|TeX]] di ne tsa tsenngwa gape mo lefelong la tshedimosetse. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Kopano ya ntlha ya loago ya Wikipedia]] e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa lefelong la [[:en:Munich|Munich]], kwa lefatsheng la Germany, ka Phalane. Melaometheo ya motheo ya tsamaiso ya [[:en:Wikipedia:ArbCom|Katlholo le komiti ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane]] ("ArbCom") e ne ya tlhamiwa. [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] e ne ya tlhamiwa jaaka lenaneo le le farologaneng ka kgwedi ya Ngwanaitseele a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa 2003, go amogela metswedi ya mahala ya mafoko jaaka maikaelelo a yone mo dipuong tse dintsi le dithanolo. ==== Ngwaga wa 2004 ==== Letamo la dipego tsa Wikipedia lefatshe ka bophara le ne la tswelela go gola ka bonako ka ngwaga wa 2004, la menagana gabedi ka bogolo mo dikgweding di le lesome le bobedi, go tswa mo dipegong tse di ka fa tlase ga dikete tse makgolo a matlhano kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2003 go ya ko go tse di fetang sedikadike se le sengwe ka dipuo tse di fetang lekgolo kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2004. Dipego tsa Seesemane fela tsa Wikipedia tse di ne tsa dira gore go nne le dipego tse di ka fa tlase ga dikete tse makgolo a matlhano. Dipolase tsa disefara tsa lefelo la tshedimosetso di ne tsa fudusiwa go tswa kwa California go ya kwa Florida. [[:en:Wikipedia:Categories|Ditlhopha]] le dipampiri tsa thulaganyo ya mokgwa wa [[:en:CSS|CSS]] di ne tsa tlhagisiwa. Maiteko a ntlha a go thibela Wikipedia a ne a diragala, ka lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la thibelwa kwa China dibeke di le pedi ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo. Ditlhopho tsa semmuso di ne tsa simolola tsa boto ya mokgatlho, le Komiti ya Katlholo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane. Kgaolo ya ntlha ya bosetšhaba ya Motheo, e leng [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]], e ne ya amogelwa. Kopano, ya ntlha ya loago kwa United States e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa [[:en:Boston|Boston]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Boston1|ka kgwedi ya Phukwi]]. [[:en:Wikimedia_Commons|Wikimedia Commons]] e tlhamilwe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola letsatsi le supa ka ngwaga wa 2004 go amogela difaele tsa media tsa Wikipedia ka dipuo tsotlhe. Bourgeois v. Peters,<ref name=":9">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf 387 F.3d 1303]" (PDF). Archived from [http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf the original] (PDF) on December 21, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2013.</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), tsheko ya kgotlatshekelo e e neng ya swetswa ke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo ya United States ya Potologo ya Bolesome le bongwe]] e ne e le nngwe ya dikgopolo tsa ntlha tsa kgotlatshekelo go nopola le go nopola Wikipedia.<ref>Peoples, Lee (January 2010). [http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt "The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions]". Yale Journal of Law and Technology. 12 (1). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150224051512/http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt Archived] from the original on February 24, 2015.</ref> E ne ya bolela jaana: "Gape re gana kgopolo ya gore maemo a kgakololo ya matshosetsi a Lephata la Tshireletso ya Naga ka tsela nngwe a siametse dipatlisiso tseno. Le fa maemo a matshosetsi a ne a 'tlhatlositswe' ka nako ya boipelaetso, 'go fitlha ga jaana, maemo a matshosetsi a ntse a le mo mmala o mosetlha (a tlhatlositswe) go ya go mmala wa lamune mo bontsing jwa nako e e fetileng. makgetlo a le mantsi.'"<ref name=":9" /> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, Wikipedia e ne ya fetola letlalo la yone la thulaganyetsoruri go tswa go [[mw:Skin:Standard|Tlwaelo]] go ya go [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], segokaganyi se se neng sa nna sa thulaganyo ya ruri mo mafelong a tshedimosetso a Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref>"[[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]]". MediaWiki. Retrieved April 30, 2026.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2005 ==== Ka ngwaga wa 2005, Wikipedia e ne ya nna lefelo la tshedimosetso le le ratiwang thata ya ditshupiso mo maranyaneng, go ya ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], ka Wikipedia ya Seesemane e le nosi e e fetang dipego di le dikete di le makgolo a supa le botlhano. Dikgoro tsa ntlha tsa Wikipedia tsa dipuo tse dintsi le tsa dirutwa di ne tsa tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 2005. Kokoanyo ya semmuso ya madi e e neng ya tshwarwa mo kotareng ya ntlha ya ngwaga e ne ya kokoanya mo e ka nnang di dolara tsa lefatshe la Amerika di le dikete tse lekgolo ya go tlhabolola tsamaiso go samagana le tlhokego e e golang. China e ne ya thibela Wikipedia gape ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa 2005. Matlhabisaditlhong a ntlha a magolo a Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|tiragalo ya ga Seigenthaler]], a diragetse ka ngwaga wa 2005 fa go ne go fitlhelwa gore motho yo o itsegeng thata o na le mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho jo bo sentsweng jo bo neng bo sa lemogiwe dikgwedi di le dintsi. Morago ga matshwenyego ano le a mangwe,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons|WP:BLP]] was started on 17 December 2005, with the narrative "I started this due to the Daniel Brandt situation". [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=31753956 Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210609020908/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=31753956 Archived] 9 June 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> go ne ga tlhongwa diphetogo tsa ntlha tsa melawana le tsa tsamaiso tse di neng di diretswe ka tlhamalalo go lwantsha mofuta ono wa kgokgontsho. Tse di ne di akaretsa ntšhwafatso e ntšhwa ya molawana wa tshiamelo ya [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] go thusa mo dipatlisisong tsa [[:en:Sockpuppet_(Internet)|dipopae tsa dikausu]], karolo e ntšhwa e e bidiwang tshireletso ye seng botlalo, molawan o o gagametseng thata wa dibuka tsa botshelo jwa batho ba ba tshelang, le go tshwaya dipego tse di ntseng jalo gore di sekasekwe ka tsela e e gagametseng. Thibelo ya go tlhama dipego tse dišwa go badirisi ba ba kwadisitsweng e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong fela ka kgwedi ya Sedimontholeka ngwaga wa 2005 mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane.<ref>Terdiman, Daniel. "[https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/ Growing pains for Wikipedia"]. CNET. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/ Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Wikimania ya ngwaga wa 2005, e leng bokopano jwa ntlha jwa [[:en:Wikimania|Wikimania]], e ne ya tshwarwa go tloga ka letsatsi la bone go fitlha ka letsatsi la borobabobedi ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2005 kwa ''Haus der Jugend'' kwa [[:en:Frankfurt|Frankfurt]], mme ya ngoka batho ba ka nna makgolo a le mararo le masome a borobabobedi ba ba neng ba le teng. ==== Ngwaga wa 2006 ==== Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona pego ya yone ya bo ikadike, [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|seteišene sa terena sa Jordanhill]], ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo a tlhola letsatsi ,ka ngwaga wa 2006.<ref>Simon, Matt (March 1, 2012). [https://www.wired.com/2012/03/march-1-2006-english-wikipedias-millionth-entry-pulls-into-the-station/https://www.wired.com/2012/03/march-1-2006-english-wikipedias-millionth-entry-pulls-into-the-station/ "March 1, 2006: English Wikipedia's Millionth Entry Pulls Into the Station]". [[:en:Wired_(magazine)|Wired]]. Retrieved April 1, 2024.</ref><ref>Lemon, Sumner (March 2, 2006)[https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html . "Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia"]. [[:en:Computerworld|''Computerworld'']]. Retrieved April 1, 2024.</ref> Tlhopho ya ntlha ya pego ya Wikipedia e e amogetsweng e ne ya dirwa gore e kgone go laisololwa mahala, mme "Wikipedia" e ne ya kwadisiwa jaaka letshwaokgwebo la Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|Matlhabisa ditlhong a]] [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho ya bathusi ba phutego]]– ditiragalo tse dintsi tse mo go tsona badiri ba phutego le motsamaisi wa letsholo ba neng ba tshwarwa ba leka go fetola botshelo jwa motho ya Wikipedia ka ha sephiring – a ne a lemogiwa ke setšhaba, mme se sa dira gore motsamaisi wa letsholo a tlogele tiro. Le fa go ntse jalo, Wikipedia e ne ya tsewa e le nngwe ya matshwaokgwebo a matlhano a a kwa godimo a lefatshe ka bophara a ngwaga wa 2006.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352 "brandchannel.com | branding news]". March 21, 2007. Archived from [http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352 the original] on March 21, 2007. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Jimmy Wales o ne a supa kwa [[:en:Wikimania_2006|Wikimania]] [[:en:Wikimania_2006|wa ngwaga wa 2006]] gore Wikipedia e fitlheletse bogolo jo bo lekaneng mme a kopa gore go gatelelwa boleng, gongwe se se tlhagisitsweng sentle mo pitsong ya [[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|dipego di le dikete tse lekgolo tsa boleng jwa dikarolo]]. Go ne ga tlhamiwa tshiamelo e ntšhwa, "botlhokomedi", e e letlang mefuta e e rileng ya ditsebe tse di bolokilweng tse di nang le diteng tse di sa amogelesegeng go tshwaiwa jaaka tse di sa bonweng. Tshireletso e e seng kalo kgatlhanong le tshenyo e e sa itsiweng, e e neng ya tlhagisiwa ka ngwaga wa 2005, e ne ya itshupa e ratwa thata go feta ka fa go neng go solofetswe ka teng, ka ditsebe di feta dikete tse di neng tsa sirelediwa ka bontlhabongwe ka nako epe fela ka ngwaga wa 2006. ==== Ngwaga wa 2007 ==== Wikipedia e ne ya tswelela go gola ka bonako ka ngwaga wa 2007, e na le diakhaonto tsa barulaganyi tse di kwadisitsweng di feta didikadike di le tlhano ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro.<ref>See the special page: [[:en:Special:Statistics|Special:Statistics]]: 5,078,036 registered user accounts as of 13 August 2007, excluding anonymous editors who have not created accounts.</ref> Dikgatiso tsa dipuo di le makgolo a mabedi le botlhano tsa Wikipedia di ne di na le palogotlhe e e kopantsweng ya dipego di le didikadike di le supa ntlha tlhano e leng palogotlhe ya mafoko a le didikadike di le bongwe ntlha supa le bone, ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a tlhola a malatsi a le lesome le boraro .<ref>Source: [[:en:Wikipedia:Size_comparisons|Wikipedia:Size comparisons]] as of 13 August 2007</ref> Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona dipego ka selekanyo se se tlhomameng sa di le sekete se le sengwe le makgolo a supa ka letsatsi,<ref>From around Q3 2006 Wikipedia's growth rate has been approximately linear, source: [[:en:Wikipedia:Statistics|Wikipedia:Statistics]] – new article count by month 2006–2007.</ref> ka leina la kgolagano ya karolo la wikipedia.org le le mo maemong a bo lesome a a naleng ditiro tse dintsi mo lefatsheng. Wikipedia e ne ya tswelela go bonala [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|mo bobegakgannyeng]] – [[:en:Essjay_controversy|kganetsano ya ga Essjay]] e ne ya runya fa leloko le le tlhageletseng la Wikipedia le ne le fitlhelwa le buile maaka ka dintlha tsa gagwe tsa boitshupo. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e gaisanang ya mo maranyaneng, e ne ya thankgololwa phatlalatsa. Tlwaelo e ntšhwa e ne ya tlhagelela mo Wikipedia, ka ensaetlopedia e e neng e bua le batho ba go itsege ga bone go neng go tswa mo go nneng motsayakarolo mo kgannyeng ya dikgang ka go oketsa kaelo go tswa mo leineng la bone go ya kwa kgannyeng e kgolo, go na le go tlhama pego e e tlhaolegileng ya mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho.[<ref>e.g., cases such as [[:en:Crystal_Mangum|Crystal Mangum]] and Daniel Brandt.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2007, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona pego ya yone ya didikadike di le pedi, [[:en:El_Hormiguero|''El Hormiguero'']].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles"]. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. September 9, 2007. Archived from [[foundationsite:wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|the original]] on July 8, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2012.</ref> Go ne ga nna le kganetsano nngwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2007 fa [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Volapük]] e ne e tlola go tswa ko dipegong di le makgolo a supa, masome a borobabongwe le bosupa go ya go feta dikete tse lekgolo le bongwe le dikete tse pedi, ka bokhutshwane ya nna kgatiso ya bo lesome le botlhano e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya Wikipedia, ka ntlha ya go tlhamiwa ga ditlhogo tse di itirisang ke motlhoafaledi wa puo e e agilweng ya [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]<ref>"[http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252 Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie]". PC World (Polish) (in Polish). December 1, 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131106024950/http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252 Archived] from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</ref><ref>Yves Nevelsteen (September 15, 2007). [http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio "Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio"]. Libera Folio (in Esperanto). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio Archived] from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</ref>. Go ya ka [[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|''MIT Technology Review,'']] palo ya barulaganyi ba ba tlhagafetseng ka bontsi jwa dinako mo Wikipedia ya puo ya Seesemane e ne ya fitlha kwa setlhoeng ka ngwaga wa 2007 go feta dikete tse masome a matlhano le bongwe, mme fa e sa le ka nako eo e ntse e fokotsega.<ref>Simonite, Tom (October 22, 2013). "[https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ The Decline of Wikipedia]". [[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ Archived] from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2020.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang kangwaga wa 2007, go ne ga gatisiwa tokololo ya tlhopho ya pego ya Wikipedia ya Mofuta wa 0.5.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team]", Wikipedia, June 12, 2022, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707222542/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 archived] from the original on July 7, 2022, retrieved June 25, 2022</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2008 ==== Mananeo a a farologaneng a Wiki mo mafelong a le mantsi a ne a tswelela go atolosa le go tokafatsa diteng tsa pego mo teng ga bogolo jwa tsone. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2008, go ne ga tlhamiwa pego ya Wikipedia ya didikadike di le lesome, mme kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya feta dipego di le didikadike di le dikete tse pedi le botlhano. ==== Ngwaga wa 2009 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka oura ya masome a mabedi le bobedi le metsotso e le lesome le botlhano mo nakong ya UTC, morago [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ga loso lwa ga Michael Jackson]], lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la phutlhama ka nakwana. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] o begile gore go ne ga nna le baeng ba ba ka nnang didikadike ba ba neng ba le kwa mokwalong wa botshelo jwa ga Jackson mo lobakeng lwa oura e le nngwe, gongwe e le baeng ba bantsi mo lobakeng lwa oura e le nngwe ba ba neng ba le kwa pegong epe fela mo ditsong tsa Wikipedia. Kwa bokhutlong jwa kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2009, palo ya dipego mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia e ne e fetile didikadike di le lesome le bone .<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)]". Wikimedia.org. Archived from [[stats:EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|the original]] on March 5, 2014.</ref> Setlhogo sa didikadike di le tharo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane, [[:en:Beate_Eriksen|Beate Eriksen]], se tlhamilwe ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka nako ya oura ya bone le metsotso e le metlhano, go ya ka Nako ya Lefatshelotlhe e e Rulagantsweng (UTC).<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-08-17/News_and_notes&oldid=309138115 Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2009-08-17/News and notes"], Wikipedia, August 20, 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20210609111443/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-08-17/News_and_notes&oldid=309138115 archived] from the original on June 9, 2021, retrieved March 16, 2023</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2009, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane e ne ya feta dipego di le sedikadike se le sengwe, mme ya nna kgatiso ya bobedi morago ga Wikipedia ya Seesemane go dira jalo. Setlhogo sa [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']] se ne sa kwala Wikipedia mo gare ga mafelo a tshedimosetso a a gaisang tsa ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1918031_1918016_1917948,00.html Wikipedia – 50 Best Websites 2009]" [https://web.archive.org/web/20111202174857/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1918031_1918016_1917948,00.html Archived] 2 December 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. TIME. 24 August 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2011.</ref> Diteng tsa Wikipedia di ne tsa fiwa tetla ka fa tlase ga tetla ya [[:en:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike|Creative Commons]] ya go Abelana ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>"[[m:Licensing_update/Timeline|Licensing update/Timeline – Meta".]] meta.wikimedia.org. October 30, 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline Archived] from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.</ref> == Metswedi == tcwg0c6rlmr8txzehbrrfm9cvk7vlwv 53426 53421 2026-07-28T03:27:28Z Atsile Edith 11759 Ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 53426 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wikipedia]], e leng ensaetlopedia ya mo maranyaneng e e nang le diteng [[:en:Free_content|tse di sa duelelweng]] e e kwadilweng le go tlhokomelwa ke setšhaba sa baithaopi ba ba bidiwang [[Wikipedians]], e simolotse ka go kwalwa ga yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), malatsi a mabedi morago ga gore lotshwao loo le kwadisiwe.<ref>[http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org "Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools"]. ''[[:en:WHOIS|WHOIS]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org Archived] from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref> E ne ya gola go tswa mo [[Nupedia]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e rulagantsweng sentle e e sa duelelweng, e le tsela ya go letla go kwalwa ga ditlhogo le dithanolo motlhofo le ka bonako. Ditshegetso tsa maranyane le tsa dikgopolo tsa Wikipedia di tla pele ga seno; kakanyo ya ntlha e e itsiweng ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e dirilwe ke Rick Gates ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro (1993),<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html "Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger"]. History Computer. 2010. Archived from [http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html the original] on April 15, 2012. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> mme kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e e gololesegileng (jaaka e farologana le motswedi o o bulegileng fela)<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source "Philosophy"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source Archived] from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> e ne ya akanngwa ke Richard Stallman ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998).<ref name=":1">[[:en:Richard_Stallman|Stallman, Richard]] (1998). [https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html "The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html Archived] from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Kgopolo ya ga Stallman e ne e akaretsa ka tlhamalalo kgopolo ya gore ga go na mokgatlho ope o o botlhokwa o o tshwanetseng go laola go rulaganya. Seno se ne se farologana le diensaetlopedia tsa maranyane tsa motlha oo jaaka [[Microsoft Encarta]] le ''[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]''. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), teseletso ya [[Nupedia]] e ne ya fetolwa go nna [[GFDL]], mme [[Jimmy Wales]] le [[Larry Sanger]] ba ne ba simolola Wikipedia jaaka porojekete e e tlaleletsang, ba dirisa wiki ya mo maranyaneng jaaka sedirisiwa sa go kwala ka tirisanommogo.<ref>[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory "WikiHistory"]. [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory Archived] from the original on June 21, 2002. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Le fa kwa tshimologong Wikipedia e ne e akanngwa e le lefelo la go kwala mekwalo le dikgopolo tsa gore kgabagare go baakanngwe Nupedia, e ne ya feta e e neng e le teng pele ga yone ka bonako, ya nna lefelo la go kwala diathikele le legae la setlhagiswa sa bofelo se se baakantsweng sa porojekete ya lefatshe lotlhe ka makgolokgolo a dipuo, mme seno sa tlhotlheletsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya diporojekete tse dingwe tsa ditshupiso tsa mo maranyaneng. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), Wikipedia e ne e na le babadi ba ka nna didikadike di le makgolo a mane le masome a ferabongwe le botlhano ka kgwedi.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]''. March 1, 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140408202455/http://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks Archived] from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), go ya ka [[comScore]], Wikipedia e ne ya amogela baeng ba ba kgethegileng ba feta idikadike di le lekgolo le lesome le botlhano ka kgwedi go tswa kwa United States fela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 "comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015"]. comScore. February 24, 2015. Archived from [http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 the original] on March 17, 2015. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), diporojekete tseno di ne tsa bonwa baeng mo tsebeng ba le dibilione di le lesome le botlhano le sephatlo ka kgwedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects "Monthly overview"]. ''Wikimedia statistics''. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from [[stats:v2/#/all-projects|the original]] on January 24, 2020. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> [[File:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Tsebe ya boremelelo ya Wikipedia (Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2001)]] == Kakaretso ya ditso == === Lemorago === Kgopolo ya go kokoanya kitso ya lefatshe mo lefelong le le lengwe e simolotse kwa [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|lefelong la go bala la bogologolo la Alexandria]] le [[:en:Library_of_Pergamum|Lefelong la go bala la Pergamo,]] mme go na le dilo tsa bogologolo tse di neng tsa tla pele ga kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia e e akaretsang, [[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|ditso tse di jaaka Naturalis]] ya ga [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny yo Mogolo]], mme kakanyo ya segompieno ya ensaekolopedia e e akaretsang tsotlhe, e e gatisiwang le go anamisiwa kwa bathong ba le bantsi, e simologile ka [[:en:Denis_Diderot|Denis Diderot]] le baitseanape ba Fora ba lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga ba ba neng ba kwala diensaekolopedia.<ref>Miloš, Todorović (2018). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594 From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge]". ''Časopis KSIO''. '''1''': 88–102. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5281/zenodo.3235309|10.5281/zenodo.3235309.]] Retrieved October 20, 2021.</ref> Kgopolo ya go dirisa metšhine e e itirisang go feta [[:en:Printing_press|motšhine o o gatisang]] go aga ensaetlopedia e e mosola thata e ka bonwa mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:Paul_Otlet|Paul Otlet]] ya ngwaga wa 1934 ya ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet gape o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Mundaneum|Mundaneum]], e leng setheo se se neng se ineetse go dira ditshupane tsa kitso ya lefatshe, ka ngwaga wa 1910. Kgopolo e ya ensaetlopedia e e thusiwang ke motšhini e ne ya atolosiwa go ya pele mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:H._G._Wells|H. G. Wells]] ya ditlhamo" [[:en:World_Brain|''World Brain'']] (ngwaga wa1938) le pono ya ga [[:en:Vannevar_Bush|Vannevar Bush]] ya isago ya [[:en:Memex|Memex]] e e neng e dirisa [[:en:Microfilm|filimi e e bolokang ditshwantso ka bogolo jo bonnye]], e a e tlhalositse mo setlhangweng sa gagwe se se bidiwang "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (ngwaga wa 1945).<ref name=":2">Reagle, Joseph (2010). Good Faith Collaboration. The Culture of Wikipedia. MIT Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0262014472|978-0262014472.]] Chapter 2: "The Pursuit of the Universal Encyclopedia".</ref> Phitlhelelo e nngwe e ne e le lenaneo la Xanadu la ga [[:en:Ted_Nelson|Ted Nelson]] ya go tlhama ditlhangwa tse dintsi, e e neng ya simolola ka ngwaga wa 1960.<ref name=":2" /> Tiriso ya baithaopi e ne e le botlhokwa thata mo go direng le go tlhokomeleng Wikipedia. Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa go ne go se na inthanete, mananeo tse dikgolo tse di dingalo tsa mofuta o o tshwanang di ne di dirisitse baithaopi. Ka tlhamalalo, go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Oxford_English_Dictionary|''Thanodi ya Seesemane ya Oxford'']] go ne ga akanngwa ka puo kwa lefelong la dibuka la London, ka Letsatsi la ga [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele a tlhola malatsi a le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 1857, ke [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. Go tsere dingwaga di ka nna masome a supa go wediwa. Dr. Trench o ne a akanya ka bukantswe e ntšha e kgolo ya lefoko lengwe le lengwe mo puong ya Seesemane, le go dirisiwa ka puso ya batho le batho le ka kgololesego. Go ya ka mokwadi Simon Winchester, "Go dira thulaganyo e, o ne a re, go ne go feta bokgoni jwa motho ope fela. Go bala dibuka tsotlhe tsa Seesemane – le go sekaseka makwalo a dikgang a London le New York le makwalo a dikgang le buka ya tsotlhe a aitseng go bala le go kwala – go na le moo go tshwanetse ga nna 'tiro e e kopaneng ya batho ba le bantsi.' Go tla tlhokega go thapa setlhopha – mo godimo ga moo, se segolo – se gongwe se nang le makgolokgolo le makgolokgolo a batho ba ba sa duelweng, botlhe ba dira jaaka baithaopi."<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998). ''The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary''. Harpers, p. 106.</ref> Kgatelopele ya maranyane ya tshedimosetso kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga e ne ya dira gore go dirwe diphetogo mo mofuteng wa diensaetlopedia. Le fa diensaetlopedia tsa nako e e fetileng, segolobogolo [[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|''Encyclopædia Britannica'']], gantsi di ne di theilwe mo dibukeng, [[:en:Encarta|Encarta]] ya Microsoft, e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 1993, e ne e le teng mo CD-ROM e bile e na le [[:en:Hyperlink|dikgolagano tse dintsi]]. Go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] go ne ga dira gore go dirwe maiteko a mantsi a go dira [[:en:Online_encyclopedia|mananeo a ensaetlopedia tsa maranyane]]. Tshitshinyo ya ntlha ya ensaetlopedia ya mo inthaneteng e ne e le [[:en:Interpedia|Interpedia]] ka ngwaga wa1993 ke [[:en:Rick_Gates_(Internet_pioneer)|Rick Gates]];<ref name=":0" /> lenaneo le le ne la swa pele ga e tlhagisa diteng dipe tsa ensaetlopedia. Motshegetsi wa [[:en:Free_software|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka sa mahala]] [[:en:Richard_Stallman|Richard Stallman]] o ne a tlhalosa botlhokwa jwa "Ensaetlopedia ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Mahala le Motswedi wa go Ithuta" ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":1" /> Tokomane ya gagwe e e gatisitsweng e ne ya tlhalosa kafa go ka "tlhomamisiwang ka gone gore kgatelopele e tswelela pele go ya kwa dipoelong tse di gaisang le tsa tlholego." Motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia e bong Jimmy Wales o ne a bolela gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tla fa e ne e le moithuti wa dialogane kwa [[:en:Indiana_University_Bloomington|Mmadikolong wa Indiana]], koo a neng a kgatlhiwa ke katlego ya [[:en:Open-source_movement|mokgatlho wa motswedi o o bulegileng]] mme a fitlhela [[:en:GNU_Manifesto|Lekwalo la maikelelo le bokgoni la ga Emacs]] wa ga Richard Stallman o o rotloetsang [[:en:Free_software_movement|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka a mahala]] le itsholelo ya go abelana e kgatlhang. Wales gape o akgola tlhamo ya ga moitseanape wa itsholelo wa [[:en:Austrian_School|Sekolo sa Austria]] e bong [[:en:Friedrich_Hayek|Friedrich Hayek]], Polelo ya tlhamo ya "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng,]]" e a neng a e bala fa a ne a le moithuti wa pele ga kalogo,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all Know It All - The New Yorker]". ''[[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker]]''. September 30, 2014. Archived from [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all the original] on September 30, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> jaaka "e e botlhokwa" mo go akanyeng ga gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka gone."<ref>Mangu-Ward, Katherine (May 30, 2007). "[https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ Wikipedia and Beyond]". ''Reason.com''. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> Tlhamo e e gatelela gore [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|tshedimosetso e kgaogantswe fela ka bongwe]]—gore motho mongwe le mongwe o itse fela karolwana e nnye ya se se itsiweng mmogo, ditshwetso di dirwa botoka ke batho ba ba nang le kitso ya lefelo leo, go na le ke bothati jo bo botlhokwa. Ka nako eo, Wales o ne a ithuta tsa madi mme o ne a kgatlhilwe ke ditlhotlheletso tsa batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba ntsha seabe jaaka baithaopi mo go tlhameng mananeo a disupaditlhaka tsa mahala, koo dikai di le dintsi di neng di nna le dipholo tse di molemo thata.<ref>[https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales "Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales: "I have this crazy idea that people will pay for free news]"", Danny in the Valley, January 19, 2018, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055526/https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales archived] from the original on March 16, 2023, retrieved March 16, 2023 Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Go ya ka mokwalo wa dikgang w ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'', Wikipedia "e simolotse mo tsholofelong ya maranyane e e neng e tlhaola inthanete kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga. E ne e tshwara gore batho ba ba tlwaelesegileng ba ka dirisa disupa ditlhaka tsa bone jaaka didirisiwa tsa kgololesego, thuto, le go sedimosiwa."<ref>[https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher "Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher]". The Economist. January 9, 2021. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613 0013-0613.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221231224550/https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher Archived] from the original on December 31, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.</ref> === Go tlhama kgopolo === Wikipedia e ne ya akanyediwa kwa tshimologong jaaka lenaneo la phepo ya [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] e e neng ya tlhongwa kwa Wales, lenaneo la pelenyana la go tlhagisa ensaetlopedia ya mahala ya inthanete, e e neng ya ithaopela go dira ke [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]], kompone ya dipapatso tsa maranyane e e leng ya ga Jimmy, [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]] le [[:en:Michael_E._Davis_(businessman)|Michael E. Davis]]. <ref>[[:en:Marshall_Poe|Poe, Marshall]] (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ The Hive]". The Atlantic Monthly. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061223004004/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia Archived] from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. Wales and Sanger created the first Nupedia wiki on 10 January 2001. The initial purpose was to get the public to add entries that would then be "fed into the Nupedia process" of authorization. Most of Nupedia's expert volunteers, however, wanted nothing to do with this, so Sanger decided to launch a separate site called "Wikipedia". Neither Sanger nor Wales looked on Wikipedia as anything more than a lark. This is evident in Sanger's flip announcement of Wikipedia to the Nupedia discussion list. "Humor me", he wrote. "Go there and add a little article. It will take all of five or ten minutes". And, to Sanger's surprise, go they did. Within a few days, Wikipedia outstripped Nupedia in terms of quantity, if not quality, and a small community developed. In late January, Sanger created a Wikipedia discussion list (Wikipedia-L) to facilitate discussion of the project.</ref><ref name=":3">Sidener, Jonathan (December 6, 2004). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090221005820/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html Everyone's Encyclopedia]". ''[[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]''. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html the original] on February 21, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref><ref name=":4">Sanger, Larry (April 18, 2005). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part] I". Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 the original] on July 22, 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95 "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II".] [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]]. April 19, 2005. Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95 the original] on November 8, 2006. My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.</ref>Nupedia e ne ya tlhongwa mo tirisong ya baithaopi ba ba tshwanelegang le thulaganyo ya go [[:en:Peer_review|sekaseka balekane]] e e nang le dikgato di le dintsi.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Business Horizons, Volume 57 Issue 5, pp. 617–626</ref> Le fa e ne e na le lenaane la barulaganyi ba ba kgatlhegang ba ba fetang dikete tse pedi, le go nna teng ga ga Sanger jaaka morulaganyi-mogolo wa nako e e tletseng,<ref>"[[m:My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger Archived] from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023. I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.</ref> go tlhagisiwa ga diteng tsa Nupedia go ne go le bonya thata, ka dipego di le lesome le bobedi fela tse di kwadilweng mo ngwageng wa ntlha.<ref name=":4" /> Ba-Nupedia ba ne ba tlotla ka ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tlhama diteng ka bonako.<ref name=":3" /> Di-wiki di ne di dirisitswe gongwe mo boranyaneng go rulaganya kitso,<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html "From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition]". ''Chicago Tribune''. January 12, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> mme kgopolo ya tlaleletso e e theilweng mo di-[[:en:Wiki|wiki]] mo Nupedia e ne ya tlholwa ke motlotlo magareng ga Sanger le Ben Kovitz,<ref name=":5">"[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Ben Kovitz]". [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070404030625/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Archived] from the original on April 4, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – see also Ben Kovitz' fuller account which he links from there.</ref><ref name=":6">Moody, Glyn (July 13, 2006). [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia "This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts"]. The Guardian. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070222023201/http://technology.guardian.co.uk/weekly/story/0,,1818630,00.html Archived] from the original on February 22, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – While casting around for a way to speed up article production, Sanger met with Kovitz, an old friend, in January 2001. Kovitz introduced Sanger to the idea of the wiki, invented in 1995 by Ward Cunningham: web pages that anyone could write and edit. "My first reaction was that this really could be what would solve the problem," Sanger explains, "because the software was already written, and this community of people on WikiWikiWeb" – the first wiki – "had created something like 14,000 pages". Nupedia, by contrast, had produced barely two dozen articles. Sanger took up the idea immediately: "I wrote up a proposal and sent it [to Wales] that evening, and the wiki was then set up for me to work on." But this was not Wikipedia as we know it. "Originally it was the Nupedia Wiki – our idea was to use it as an article incubator for Nupedia. Articles could begin life on this wiki, be developed collaboratively and, when they got to a certain stage of development, be put into the Nupedia system."</ref><ref name=":7">Sidener, Jonathan (September 23, 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017041126/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html "Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy]". [[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html the original] on October 17, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.</ref> le ke o mongwe magareng ga Wales le Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name=":5" /> Kovitz e ne e le motlhami wa diporokeramo tsa khomphiutha mme a nna mo wiki ya ga [[:en:Ward_Cunningham|Ward Cunningham]] e e fetolang wiki go nna "[[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]". O ne a tlhalosetsa Sanger gore di-wiki ke eng, fa ba ne ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 The Hive"]. [[:en:The_Atlantic_Monthly|The Atlantic Monthly]]. p. 3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 Archived] from the original on November 10, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – "Over tacos that night, Sanger explained his concerns about Nupedia's lack of progress, the root cause of which was its serial editorial system. As Nupedia was then structured, no stage of the editorial process could proceed before the previous stage was completed. Kovitz brought up the wiki and sketched out 'wiki magic,' the mysterious process by which communities with common interests work to improve wiki pages by incremental contributions. If it worked for the rambunctious hacker culture of programming, Kovitz said, it could work for any online collaborative project. The wiki could break the Nupedia bottleneck by permitting volunteers to work simultaneously all over the project. With Kovitz in tow, Sanger rushed back to his apartment and called Wales to share the idea. Over the next few days, he wrote a formal proposal for Wales and started a page on Cunningham's wiki called 'Wikipedia.'"</ref>Wales o ne a bolela ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2001 gore "Larry o ne a na le mogopolo wa go dirisa maranyane a sesupa ditlhaka sa Wiki" mo bathong ba ba neng ba boregile ka thulaganyo ya Nupedia,<ref>Wales, Jimmy (October 30, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20140620072830/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html LinkBacks]?". Wikimedia. Archived from [[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|the original]] (Email) on June 20, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref> mme moragonyana a bolela ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2005 gore Rosenfeld o ne a mo itsise kgopolo ya wiki.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness]". [[:en:Wired_News|Wired News]]. May 3, 2007. Archived from [https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium the original] on March 28, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2007. Wired.com states: "Wales offered the following on-the-record comment in an e-mail to NewAssignment.net editor [and NYU Professor] [[:en:Jay_Rosen|Jay Rosen]] ...' Larry Sanger was my employee working under my direct supervision during the entire process of launching Wikipedia. He was not the originator of the proposal to use a wiki for the encyclopedia project – that was Jeremy Rosenfeld'."</ref> Sanger o ne a akanya gore wiki e tla nna polatefomo e e siameng go e dirisa, mme a tshitshinya mo lenaaneng la go romela la Nupedia gore wiki e e theilweng mo UseModWiki (ka nako eo v. 0.90)e tlhomiwe jaaka lenaneo la "mojesi" ya Nupedia. Ka fa tlase ga setlhogo sa "A re direng wiki", o ne a kwala jaana:<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html Let's make a wiki]". Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Nnyaa, se ga se tshitshinyo e e sa tshwanelang. Ke kakanyo ya go tsenya karolo e nnye mo Nupedia. Jimmy Wales o akanya gore batho ba le bantsi ba ka nna ba fitlhela kgopolo eno e sa amogelesege, mme nna ga ke akanye jalo... Fa e le ka tiriso ya wiki ya Nupedia, eno ke thulaganyo ya BOFELO e e "bulegileng" le e e motlhofo ya go tlhama diteng. Re kile ra buisana gangwe le gape ka megopolo ya diporojeke tse di bonolo, tse di bulegileng thata, tse di ka emelang kgotsa tsa tlaleletsa Nupedia. Go lebega mo go nna gore diwiki di ka dirisiwa ka bonako thata, di tlhoka tlhokomelo e nnye fela, mme ka kakaretso ga di na kotsi e kgolo. Gape di ka nna motswedi o mogolo wa diteng. Ka jalo, ga go na mathata a magolo a a ka nnang teng, go ya ka kafa ke bonang ka teng. Wales e ne ya tlhoma e le nngwe mme ya e tsenya mo maranyaneng ka Laboraro wa kgwedi ya Ferikgong etlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001, ka fa tlase ga karolo ya nupedia.com.<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html Nupedia's wiki: try it out".] Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003.</ref> Se se ne sa sutela kwa wiki e ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga karolo ya wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgonge tlhola malatsia a le lesome le botlhano. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa, lenaneo la [[:en:GNUPedia|GNUPedia]] la [[:en:Free_Software_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Mananeo a disupa ditlhaka a Mahala]] (FSF) e ne ya tsena mo maranyaneng, e e neng e ka nna ya gaisana le [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]],<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603 Slashdot Comments | GNUPedia Project Starting]". Slashdot.org. January 17, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990 Archived] from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme mo dingwageng di le mmalwa FSF e ne ya rotloetsa batho "go etela le go tsenya letsogo mo [Wikipedia]" boemong jwa seo.<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ "The Free Encyclopedia Project]". GNU.org. 2012 [1999]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ Archived] from the original on December 21, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2012.</ref> === Go tlhongwa ga Wikipedia === ''Bona gape: [[:en:First_Wikipedia_edit|Tseleganyo ya ntlha ya Wikipedia]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia's_oldest_articles|Wikipedia:Ditlhogo tsa bogologolo tsa Wikipedia]], le [[:en:Wikipedia:First_100_pages|Wikipedia:Ditsebe tsa ntlha di le]]'' ''[[:en:Wikipedia:First_100_pages|lekgolo]]'' Go ne go na le go okaoka mo gare ga barulaganyi ka go bofa Nupedia gaufi thata le kelelo ya tiro ya mofuta wa wiki.<ref name=":4" /> Morago ga gore wiki ya Nupedia e thankgololwe ka fa tlase ga nupedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html "&#x5B;Nupedia-l&#x5D; Nupedia's wiki: try it out"]. April 25, 2003. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> Wales e ne ya akantshanya go simolola lenaneo le le ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga leina la yone, mme Sanger o ne a akantshanya ''Wikipedia'', a e tlhama jaaka "lenaneo la tlaleletso ya Nupedia e e dirang e e ikemetseng ka nosi gotlhelele."<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 11, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html <nowiki>Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki</nowiki>]..." Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Wiki e ntšhwa e ne ya simololwa kwa wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001. [[:en:Bandwidth_(computing)|Bophara jwa bogolo jwa kgokaganyo ya maranyane]] le [[:en:Server_(computing)|tsamaiso e e bolokang tshedimosetso]] (e e kwa San Diego) tse di dirisitsweng mo mananeong ao a ntlha di ne tsa neelwa ke Bomis. Badiri ba le bantsi ba pele ba Bomis moragonyana ba ne ba ntsha diteng tsa ensaetlopedia: segolobogolo [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]], motlhami-mmogo le moragonyana Mokhuduthamaga wa Bomis, le motlhami wa dithulaganyo Jason Richey. [[Setshwantsho:Jimmy Wales' Mac and the First Wikipedia Edit — "Hello World" (51738433963).jpg|thumb|iMac ya ga Jimmy Wales e ne e dirisiwa go dira tseleganyo ya ntlha mo Wikipedia]] Wales o boletse ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2008 gore o dirile tseleganyo ya ntlha ya Wikipedia, tseleganyo ya teko e e nang le mokwalo o o reng "[[:en:"Hello,_World!"_program|Dumela, Lefatshe]]!", mme se e ka tswa e ne e le mo mofuteng wa bogologolo wa Wikipedia o ka bonako morago ga moo o neng wa phimolwa mme wa emisediwa ka go simolola gape.<ref>Message by Jimmy Wales {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412003535/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&diff=prev&oldid=258632986|date=12 April 2016}} Wednesday 17 December 2008. Retrieved Saturday 30 January 2010.</ref><ref>Starling, Tim (January 14, 2011). "[[mailarchive:wikien-l/2011-January/108198.html|Hello world]]?". ''WikiEN-l'' (Mailing list). Retrieved June 4, 2022.</ref>Tseleganyo ya ntlha e e neng ya boela mo Wikipedia.com e ne e le ya Tsebe ya Gae ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, e e neng e balega jaana "E ke Wikipedia e ntšhwa!"; e ka bonwa [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/908493298|fa]].<ref>Wikipedia's earliest edits were once believed lost, as early [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] software deleted data after a month. But on 14 December 2010, [[:en:Tim_Starling|Tim Starling]] found backups on [[:en:SourceForge|SourceForge]] containing every change made to Wikipedia from its creation in January 2001 to 17 August 2001. As of 2019, these were imported into Wikipedia's edit history. Before that, the first edits that had been known were to [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/291430|Wikipedia:UuU]], [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/286342|TransporT]], and [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/11992008|User:ScottMoonen]] on 16 January 2001.</ref> Go nna teng ga lenaneo go ne ga itsisiwe semmuso mme boikuelo jwa gore baithaopi ba nne le seabe mo go tlhameng diteng bo ne jwa dirwa kwa lenaaneng la go romela ka poso la Nupedia ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html <nowiki>"[Nupedia-l] Wikipedia is up!</nowiki>]". March 31, 2003. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html the original] on March 31, 2003. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Lenaneo le ne la amogela batsayakarolo ba le bantsi ba bašwa morago ga go umakiwa mo lefelong ya maranyane le le naleng tshedimosetso ya [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Britannica and Free Content]". Slashdot. July 26, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Archived] from the original on January 14, 2009.</ref> e setse e umakilwe gabedi ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwo ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99 "Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer]". Slashdot. March 5, 2001.</ref><ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95 "Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes]". Slashdot. March 29, 2001.</ref> Morago ga moo e ne ya amogela tshupo e e tlhageletseng ya kgang mo lefelong ya maranyane le le naleng tshedimosetso le setso e e rulagantsweng ke baagi ya Kuro5hin, e e rulaganngwang ke setšhaba, e e buang ka maranyane le setso, ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 "Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias]". Kuro5hin. July 25, 2001. Archived from [http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 the original] on November 7, 2001.</ref> Fa gare ga go tsena moo ga batho ba le bantsi, go ne go ntse go na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba tla go tswa kwa metsweding e mengwe, segolobogolo Google, e e neng e romela makgolokgolo a baeng ba basha mo lefelong e e le nosi letsatsi le letsatsi. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Kgaso ya yone]] [[:en:Mainstream_media|ya bobegakgang]] ya ntlha e kgolo e ne e le mo [[:en:The_New_York_Times|''The New York Times'']] ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>Meyers, Peter (September 20, 2001). [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html "Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You]". The New York Times. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090415232001/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html Archived] from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> === Dikgaogano le go dira gore dilo di nne tsa boditšhabatšhaba === Kwa tshimologong ya tlhabololo ya Wikipedia, e ne ya simolola go atologa kwa mafatsheng a mangwe, ka go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Namespace|mafelo a masha a maina]], lengwe le lengwe le na le setlhopa se se farologaneng sa [[:en:Username|maina a badirisi]]. [[:en:Subdomain|Karolopotlana]] ya ntlha e e tlhametsweng Wikipedia e e seng ya Seesemane e ne e le [[:en:German_Wikipedia|deutsche.wikipedia.com]] (e e tlhamilweng ka Labotlhano kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa 2001, mo nakong ya oura e le nngwe le metsotso e le masome a mararo le borobedi kwa morago ga nako ya UTC),<ref>"[[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|Alternative language Wikipedias]]". Lists. Wikimedia. March 15, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html Archived] from the original on June 20, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme morago ga dioura di le mmalwa ya latelwa ke [[:en:Catalan_Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]] (ka oura ya lesome le boraro le metsotso e le supa mo nakong ya UTC).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage "History of the Catalan Homepage]". Wikipedia. Archived from [https://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage the original] on April 13, 2001. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> [[:en:Japanese_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sejapane]], e e simolotseng e le nihongo.wikipedia.com, e ne ya tlhamiwa mo pakeng eo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 "Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage]". April 20, 2001. Archived from [https://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 the original] on April 20, 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/ Wikipedia: HomePage]". March 31, 2001. Archived from [https://www.wikipedia.com/ the original] on March 31, 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref>mme kwa tshimologong e ne e dirisa fela [[:en:Romanization_of_Japanese|Sejapane se se fetotsweng sa Seroma]]. Mo dikgweding di ka nna pedi Se-Catalan e ne e le sone se se nang le dipego tse dintsi ka puo e e seng ya Seesemane,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)|Multilingual monthly statistics]]</ref><ref>[https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1 "First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia]" (in Catalan). Wikipedia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac Archived] from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> le fa dipalopalo tsa nako eo ya ntlha di sa nepagala.<ref>This [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)&oldid=192353617 table] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221921/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AMultilingual_monthly_statistics_%282001%29&oldid=192353617 Archived] 22 February 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], for instance, misses Japanese and German articles such as [https://web.archive.org/web/20010421123743/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nihongo_no_funimekusu this one] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20010411030440/http://deutsche.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nupedia_Deutsch-L_Sektion this one], both dated 6 April 2001.</ref> Wikipedia ya Sefora e tlhamilwe ka kgotsa mo e ka nnang ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome lebongwe ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>The [https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Documentation on the French Wikipedia] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210608194149/https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Archived] 8 June 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] mentions the date of 23 March 2001, but this date is not supported by Wikipedia snapshots on the [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nor by Jason Richey's letter, which was dated 11 May 2001 (see below).</ref> ka lekhubu la diphetolelo tse dišwa tsa puo tse gape di neng di akaretsa [[:en:Chinese_Wikipedia|Setšhaena]], [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Sedatšhe]], [[:en:Esperanto_Wikipedia|Seeseperanto]], [[:en:Hebrew_Wikipedia|Sehebera]], [[:en:Italian_Wikipedia|Sentadiana]], [[:en:Portuguese_Wikipedia|Sepotokisi]], [[:en:Russian_Wikipedia|Serussia]], [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Sepanishe]], le [[:en:Swedish_Wikipedia|Sesweden]].<ref>[[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html|Letter of Jason Richey to wikipedia-l mailing list]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620081721/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html Archived] 20 June 2014 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] 11 May 2001</ref> Go ise go ye kae dipuo tseno di ne tsa kopanngwa ke [[:en:Arabic_Wikipedia|Searabia]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage "Homepage from the Internet Archive"]. Wikipedia. Archived from [https://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage the original] on November 18, 2001. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> le [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Sehungary]].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Announcements]] May 2001</ref><ref>"[https://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history International Wikipedia]". Wikipedia. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 2001, kitsiso e ne ya solofetsa go ineela mo tlamelong ya dipuo tse dintsi ya Wikipedia,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Announcements_2001#September_2001|Wikipedia:Announcements 2001]]</ref> e itsise badirisi ka go phatlaldiwa gmo go tlang ga Wikipedias ya dipuo tsotlhe tse dikgolo, go tlhongwa ga maemo a konokono, le go kgaratlhela thanolo ya ditsebe tsa konokono tsa wiki tsa ditsebe tse dišwa tsa wiki. Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga oo, fa dipalopalo tsa boditšhabatšhaba di ne di simolola go kwalwa la ntlha, go ne ga itsisiwe diphetolelo tsa [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Seaforikanse]], [[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Senorway]] le [[:en:Serbian_Wikipedia|Seserbia]].<ref>"[https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics International Wikipedias statistics]". [https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics Wikipedia]. Archived from the original on March 5, 2003. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2002, karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia di ne di le ka Seesemane. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2004, batho ba ba kwa tlase ga karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong e ne e le Baesemane, mme go dira gore batho ba nne ba boditšhabatšhaba gono go tsweletse go oketsega fa ensaetlopedia e e ntse e gola. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2014, mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a borobabobedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia di ne di le mo mefuteng ya Wikipedia e e seng ya Seesemane.<ref>"[[m:List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)]]". Wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total Archived] from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2014.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2023, Di-Wikipedia tsa Seesemane le tsa Seesemane se se motlhofo di na le dipego di le didikadike di le di le supa fa gare ga tsone, mme mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dipego di ne di le mo di-Wikipedia tse e seng tsa Seesemane.<ref>[[m:List_of_Wikipedias|"List of Wikipedias – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> === Tlhabololo ya Wikipedia === Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2002, morago ga go gogelwa morago ga matlole ke Bomis ka nako ya go [[:en:Dot-com_bubble|phutlhama ga dot-com]], Sanger o ne a tlogela Nupedia le Wikipedia ka bobedi.<ref>Schiff, Stacy (July 31, 2006). "[https://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact Know It All]". [[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20081122125817/http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact Archived] from the original on November 22, 2008. Retrieved April 25, 2009.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2002, ene le Wales ba ne ba sa tshwane ka dikgopolo tsa bone tsa gore ba ka laola jang diensaetlopedia tse di bulegileng sentle. Bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba sa ntse ba tshegetsa kgopolo ya tirisanommogo e e bulegileng, mme ba ne ba sa dumalane ka gore ba ka tshwara jang barulaganyi ba ba kgoreletsang, dikarolo tse di rileng tsa baitseanape, le tsela e e molemolemo ya go kaela porojeke gore e atlege. Wales o ne a tswelela go tlhoma go ipusa le go ikaela [[:en:Business_development|go tswa kwa tlase go ya kwa godimo]] ke barulaganyi mo Wikipedia. O ne a tlhalosa sentle gore ga a kitla a nna le seabe mo tsamaisong ya letsatsi le letsatsi ya morafe, mme o tlaa o rotloetsa go ithuta go itaola le go ipatlela mekgwa e e gaisang. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2007, Wales e ne ya lekanyetsa seabe sa gagwe thata go ntsha ditshwaelo tsa nako le nako mo dikgannyeng tse di masisi, tiro ya bokhuduthamaga, go buelela kitso, le go rotloetsa diporojeke tse di tshwanang tsa ditshupiso. Sanger o rile ke "moakaretsi" mme o bulegile mo e ka nnang sengwe le sengwe,<ref>Anderson, Nate (February 25, 2007). [https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3 "Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia"]. Ars Technica. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3 Archived] from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2011.</ref> mme a tshitshinya gore baitseanape ba santse ba na le lefelo mo lefatsheng la [[:en:Web_2.0|Web 2.0.]] Ka ngwaga wa 2006 o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e bulegileng e e neng e dirisa maina a mmatota a batsayakarolo go fokotsa go tseleganya go go kgoreletsang, mme a solofela go tlhofofatsa "kaelo e e bonolo ya baitseanape" go oketsa go nepagala ga diteng tsa yone. Ditshwetso ka ga diteng tsa pego di ne di tshwanetse go nna mo diatleng tsa baagi, mme lefelo le ne le tshwanetse go akaretsa polelo ka ga "diteng tse di siametseng lelapa".<ref>[http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy "Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium]". en.citizendium.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy Archived] from the original on November 20, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>Anderson, Nate (February 25, 2007). [https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars "Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia"]. Ars Technica. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars Archived] from the original on March 24, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref> === Diteng tsa nako e e fetileng tsa Wikipedia === Dipego tsa bogologolo, le tse di sa tlholeng di dirisiwa, tsa ensaetlopedia di botlhokwa thata mo dipatlisisong tsa ditso .<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/ Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic]". [[:en:The_Atlantic|The Atlantic]]. January 26, 2021. Archived from [https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/ the original] on January 26, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</ref> Mo pegong nngwe le nngwe ya Wikipedia, mefuta e e fetileng e ka fitlhelelwa ka kgokagano ya "Leba ditso" e e kwa godimo ga tsebe. Ditso tse di feletseng tsa dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia le tsone di ka laisololwa jaaka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|dithotobolo tsa tshedimosetso]], ka sebopego sa difaele tsa [[:en:XML|XML]] tse di gateletsweng.<ref>Koehrsen, Will (October 26, 2018). [https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c "Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia"]. ''Towards Data Science''. Retrieved February 4, 2025.</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, Polokelo ya Faele ya ZIM,<ref name=":8">[[iarchive:zimarchive|"ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming]]". Internet Archive. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</ref> kwa [[:en:Internet_Archive|Polokelong ya Maranyane]], e na le dinepe tse di feletseng tsa nako e e fetileng tsa Wikipedia mmogo le ditlhopho tsa dipego, ka dipuo tse dintsi, go tswa mo dingwageng tse di farologaneng. Di ka bulwa ka mananeo a maranyane a [[:en:Kiwix|Kiwix]]. Magareng ga dingwaga tsa 2007 le 2011, go ne ga gololwa [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|mefuta e meraro ya]] [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|polokelo ya CD/DVD]] (e e bidiwang Mofuta wa Wikipedia 0.5, 0.7 le 0.8) e e nang le tlhopho ya dipego go tswa mo [[:en:English_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Seesemane]]. Di ne tsa nna teng jaaka difaele tsa Kiwix ZIM, go tswa mo Polokelong ya Difaele tsa ZIM<ref name=":8" /> le go tswa mo lefelong la go laisolola ya Kiwix.[70] === Phetogo ya letshwao === == Molanako == ''Dipego tse di sobokanyang ngwaga le ngwaga di tshwarwa mo teng ga lefelo la maina a lenaneo la Wikipedia mme di golaganngwa le tse di fa tlase. Didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa patlisiso di teng mo teng ga dipalo le dipolokelo tsa Wikipedia, mme di kwadilwe kwa bokhutlong jwa pego eo.'' === Ngwagasome wa ntlha: Ngwaga wa 2000 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2009 === ==== Ngwaga wa 2000 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|thumb|Babereki ba Bomis magareng ga dingwaga tsa 2000]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2000, lenaneo la [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] le ne la simololwa. Maikaelelo a yone e ne e le go gatisa dipego tse di kwadilweng ke baitseanape tse di neng di tla fiwa tetla jaaka [[:en:Free_content|diteng tsa mahala]]. Nupedia e tlhomilwe ke Wales, a nale Sanger e le morulaganyi-mogolo, mme e tshegeditswe ka matlole ke kompone ya papatso ya boranyane ya [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]].<ref>Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ The Hive]". [[:en:The_Atlantic|The Atlantic]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061223004004/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia Archived] from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved January 1, 2007.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2001 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2001, Wikipedia e ne ya simolola e le lenaneo le le kwa thoko ya Nupedia, go letla tirisanommogo mo dipegong pele ga go tsena mo thulaganyong ya tshekatsheko ya balekane.<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html Let's make a wiki"]. Nupedia-l mailing list. Internet Archive. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Leina le le ne la ntshiwa e le kakanyo ke Sanger ka la bo kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le le lesome le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2001 jaaka [[:en:Portmanteau|kopano ya mafoko]] ''[[:en:Wiki|wiki]]'' ([[:en:Hawaiian_language|Sehawaiian]] a a kayang "bofefo") le ''ensaetlopedia''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html <nowiki>"[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki</nowiki>]..." nupedia.com. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Maina a kgolagano ya karolo a ''wikipedia.com'' le ''wikipedia.org'' a ne a kwadisiwa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bobedi <ref>[[:en:Network_Solutions|Network Solutions]] (2007) [http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.com WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.com from Network Solutions] Archived 27 September 2007 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Retrieved 27 July 2007.</ref> le a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro,<ref>[[:en:Network_Solutions|Network Solutions]] (2007). [http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.org "WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.org from Network Solutions] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194913/http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.org Archived] 27 September 2007 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]". Retrieved 27 July 2007.</ref> ka go latelana, mme ''wikipedia.org'' e ne ya tsenngwa mo maranyaneng ka lone letsatsi leo.<ref>[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Wikipedia.org Site Info]". [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Archived] from the original on October 6, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2010.</ref> Lenaneo le ne la bulwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Letsatsi la Wikipedia"]]), ka di-Wikipedia tsa ntlha tsa boditšhabatšhaba – dikgatiso tsa Sejeremane, [[:en:Catalan_language|Se-Catalan]], Sefora, [[:en:Swedish_language|Se-Sweden]], le Se-italia– tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa fa gare ga dikgwedi tsa Mopitlo le Motsheganong. Melawana ya "ntlha ya pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore" ([[:en:Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view|NPOV]]) e ne ya tlhamiwa semmuso ka nako eno, mme lekhubu la ntlha la Wikipedia la [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter]] le ne la goroga ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le maosme a mabedi le borataro.<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Britannica and Free Content]". Slashdot. July 26, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Archived] from the original on January 14, 2009.</ref> Pegelo ya ntlha ya bobegakgang ka ga Wikipedia e ne ya tlhagelela ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga 2001 mo mokwalong wa dikgang ywa [[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|''Wales ka Sontaga'']].<ref>[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]] (26 August 2001) Knowledge at your fingertips. Game On: Internet Chat.(writing, "Both Encarta and Britannica are official publications with well-deserved reputations. But there are other options, such as homemade encyclopaedias. One is Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.com) which uses clever software to build an encyclopaedia from scratch. Wiki is software installed on a web server that allows anyone to edit any of the pages. On Wikipedia, anyone can write about any subject they know about. The idea is that over time, enough experts will offer their knowledge for free and build up the world's ultimate hand-built database of knowledge. The disadvantage is that it's still an ongoing project. So far about 8,000 articles have been written and the editors are aiming for 100,000.")</ref> [[:en:September_11_attacks|Ditlhaselo tsa kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe]] di ne tsa dira gore go tlhagelele dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo tsebeng ya gae, mmogo le mabokoso a tshedimosetso a a golaganyang dipego tse di amanang le tsone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011010233257/http://www.wikipedia.com/ October 2001 homepage screenshot] shows the "Breaking News" header up top, as well as 11 September 2001 block of articles under "Current events"; the [https://web.archive.org/web/20011010230439/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/September_11%2C_2001_Terrorist_Attack 9/11] page shows the activist nature of the page, as well as the large number of subtopics created to cover the event.</ref> Ka nako eo, go ne go setse go tlhamilwe dipego di ka nna lekgolo tse di amanang le 9/11 .<ref>Keegan, Brian (November 17, 2020). [https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html "How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today]". Slate. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html Archived] from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2021.</ref> Morago ga ditlhaselo tsa kgwedi ya Lwetse a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe, go ne ga tlhaga kgokagano ya setlhogo sa Wikipedia se se buang ka ditlhaselo tseno mo [[:en:Yahoo!|Yahoo!]] tsebe ya gae, mme seno sa felela ka gore go nne le koketsego ya pharakano.<ref>Pasternack, Alex (September 11, 2021). [https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page "How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page".] Fast Company. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page Archived] from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2021.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2002 ==== Ngwaga wa 2002 e ne ya bona go fokodiwa ga matlole a Wikipedia go tswa go [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]] le go tsamaya ga ga Sanger. Go ne ga nna le go [[:en:Fork_(software_development)|kgaogana]] ga [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sepanishe]], ka go tlhongwa ga [[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|''Encyclopedia Libre'']]. Jimmy Wales o netefaditse gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e tsamaisa papatso ya kgwebo. Maranyane a sesupaditshwantsho a ntlha a a rwalegang a [[:en:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] a ne a simolola go dira ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsia le masome a matlhano. Go ne ga tlhagisiwa diroboto. Lenaneo la ntlha la kgaitsadi ([[:en:Wiktionary|Wiktionary]]) le [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Bukana ya]] [[:en:Manual_of_Style|mokgwa]] ya ntlha ya semmuso di ne tsa thankgololwa. Batshwaedi ba ka nna makgolo a mabedi ba ne ba tseleganya Wikipedia letsatsi le letsatsi.<ref>Singer, Michael (January 16, 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20030316082912/http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641 "Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One]". [[:en:Mecklermedia|''Jupitermedia'']]. Archived from [http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641 the original] on March 16, 2003.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2003 ==== [[Setshwantsho:2003-08-31 English Wikipedia main page.svg|thumb|Tsebekgolo ya Wikipedia (kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2003)]] Wikipedia ya Seesemane e fetile dipego di le dikete tse lekgolo ka ngwaga wa 2003, fa kgatiso e e latelang e kgolo go gaisa, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane, e fetile di le dikete tse lesome. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] o ne wa tlhongwa. Wikipedia e amogetse letshwao la yone la lefatshe la jigsaw. Difomula tsa dipalo tse di dirisang [[:en:TeX|TeX]] di ne tsa tsenngwa gape mo lefelong la tshedimosetse. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Kopano ya ntlha ya loago ya Wikipedia]] e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa lefelong la [[:en:Munich|Munich]], kwa lefatsheng la Germany, ka Phalane. Melaometheo ya motheo ya tsamaiso ya [[:en:Wikipedia:ArbCom|Katlholo le komiti ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane]] ("ArbCom") e ne ya tlhamiwa. [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] e ne ya tlhamiwa jaaka lenaneo le le farologaneng ka kgwedi ya Ngwanaitseele a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa 2003, go amogela metswedi ya mahala ya mafoko jaaka maikaelelo a yone mo dipuong tse dintsi le dithanolo. ==== Ngwaga wa 2004 ==== Letamo la dipego tsa Wikipedia lefatshe ka bophara le ne la tswelela go gola ka bonako ka ngwaga wa 2004, la menagana gabedi ka bogolo mo dikgweding di le lesome le bobedi, go tswa mo dipegong tse di ka fa tlase ga dikete tse makgolo a matlhano kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2003 go ya ko go tse di fetang sedikadike se le sengwe ka dipuo tse di fetang lekgolo kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2004. Dipego tsa Seesemane fela tsa Wikipedia tse di ne tsa dira gore go nne le dipego tse di ka fa tlase ga dikete tse makgolo a matlhano. Dipolase tsa disefara tsa lefelo la tshedimosetso di ne tsa fudusiwa go tswa kwa California go ya kwa Florida. [[:en:Wikipedia:Categories|Ditlhopha]] le dipampiri tsa thulaganyo ya mokgwa wa [[:en:CSS|CSS]] di ne tsa tlhagisiwa. Maiteko a ntlha a go thibela Wikipedia a ne a diragala, ka lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la thibelwa kwa China dibeke di le pedi ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo. Ditlhopho tsa semmuso di ne tsa simolola tsa boto ya mokgatlho, le Komiti ya Katlholo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane. Kgaolo ya ntlha ya bosetšhaba ya Motheo, e leng [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]], e ne ya amogelwa. Kopano, ya ntlha ya loago kwa United States e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa [[:en:Boston|Boston]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Boston1|ka kgwedi ya Phukwi]]. [[:en:Wikimedia_Commons|Wikimedia Commons]] e tlhamilwe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola letsatsi le supa ka ngwaga wa 2004 go amogela difaele tsa media tsa Wikipedia ka dipuo tsotlhe. Bourgeois v. Peters,<ref name=":9">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf 387 F.3d 1303]" (PDF). Archived from [http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf the original] (PDF) on December 21, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2013.</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), tsheko ya kgotlatshekelo e e neng ya swetswa ke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo ya United States ya Potologo ya Bolesome le bongwe]] e ne e le nngwe ya dikgopolo tsa ntlha tsa kgotlatshekelo go nopola le go nopola Wikipedia.<ref>Peoples, Lee (January 2010). [http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt "The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions]". Yale Journal of Law and Technology. 12 (1). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150224051512/http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt Archived] from the original on February 24, 2015.</ref> E ne ya bolela jaana: "Gape re gana kgopolo ya gore maemo a kgakololo ya matshosetsi a Lephata la Tshireletso ya Naga ka tsela nngwe a siametse dipatlisiso tseno. Le fa maemo a matshosetsi a ne a 'tlhatlositswe' ka nako ya boipelaetso, 'go fitlha ga jaana, maemo a matshosetsi a ntse a le mo mmala o mosetlha (a tlhatlositswe) go ya go mmala wa lamune mo bontsing jwa nako e e fetileng. makgetlo a le mantsi.'"<ref name=":9" /> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, Wikipedia e ne ya fetola letlalo la yone la thulaganyetsoruri go tswa go [[mw:Skin:Standard|Tlwaelo]] go ya go [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], segokaganyi se se neng sa nna sa thulaganyo ya ruri mo mafelong a tshedimosetso a Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref>"[[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]]". MediaWiki. Retrieved April 30, 2026.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2005 ==== Ka ngwaga wa 2005, Wikipedia e ne ya nna lefelo la tshedimosetso le le ratiwang thata ya ditshupiso mo maranyaneng, go ya ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], ka Wikipedia ya Seesemane e le nosi e e fetang dipego di le dikete di le makgolo a supa le botlhano. Dikgoro tsa ntlha tsa Wikipedia tsa dipuo tse dintsi le tsa dirutwa di ne tsa tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 2005. Kokoanyo ya semmuso ya madi e e neng ya tshwarwa mo kotareng ya ntlha ya ngwaga e ne ya kokoanya mo e ka nnang di dolara tsa lefatshe la Amerika di le dikete tse lekgolo ya go tlhabolola tsamaiso go samagana le tlhokego e e golang. China e ne ya thibela Wikipedia gape ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa 2005. Matlhabisaditlhong a ntlha a magolo a Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|tiragalo ya ga Seigenthaler]], a diragetse ka ngwaga wa 2005 fa go ne go fitlhelwa gore motho yo o itsegeng thata o na le mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho jo bo sentsweng jo bo neng bo sa lemogiwe dikgwedi di le dintsi. Morago ga matshwenyego ano le a mangwe,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons|WP:BLP]] was started on 17 December 2005, with the narrative "I started this due to the Daniel Brandt situation". [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=31753956 Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210609020908/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=31753956 Archived] 9 June 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> go ne ga tlhongwa diphetogo tsa ntlha tsa melawana le tsa tsamaiso tse di neng di diretswe ka tlhamalalo go lwantsha mofuta ono wa kgokgontsho. Tse di ne di akaretsa ntšhwafatso e ntšhwa ya molawana wa tshiamelo ya [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] go thusa mo dipatlisisong tsa [[:en:Sockpuppet_(Internet)|dipopae tsa dikausu]], karolo e ntšhwa e e bidiwang tshireletso ye seng botlalo, molawan o o gagametseng thata wa dibuka tsa botshelo jwa batho ba ba tshelang, le go tshwaya dipego tse di ntseng jalo gore di sekasekwe ka tsela e e gagametseng. Thibelo ya go tlhama dipego tse dišwa go badirisi ba ba kwadisitsweng e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong fela ka kgwedi ya Sedimontholeka ngwaga wa 2005 mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane.<ref>Terdiman, Daniel. "[https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/ Growing pains for Wikipedia"]. CNET. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/ Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Wikimania ya ngwaga wa 2005, e leng bokopano jwa ntlha jwa [[:en:Wikimania|Wikimania]], e ne ya tshwarwa go tloga ka letsatsi la bone go fitlha ka letsatsi la borobabobedi ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2005 kwa ''Haus der Jugend'' kwa [[:en:Frankfurt|Frankfurt]], mme ya ngoka batho ba ka nna makgolo a le mararo le masome a borobabobedi ba ba neng ba le teng. ==== Ngwaga wa 2006 ==== Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona pego ya yone ya bo ikadike, [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|seteišene sa terena sa Jordanhill]], ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo a tlhola letsatsi ,ka ngwaga wa 2006.<ref>Simon, Matt (March 1, 2012). [https://www.wired.com/2012/03/march-1-2006-english-wikipedias-millionth-entry-pulls-into-the-station/https://www.wired.com/2012/03/march-1-2006-english-wikipedias-millionth-entry-pulls-into-the-station/ "March 1, 2006: English Wikipedia's Millionth Entry Pulls Into the Station]". [[:en:Wired_(magazine)|Wired]]. Retrieved April 1, 2024.</ref><ref>Lemon, Sumner (March 2, 2006)[https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html . "Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia"]. [[:en:Computerworld|''Computerworld'']]. Retrieved April 1, 2024.</ref> Tlhopho ya ntlha ya pego ya Wikipedia e e amogetsweng e ne ya dirwa gore e kgone go laisololwa mahala, mme "Wikipedia" e ne ya kwadisiwa jaaka letshwaokgwebo la Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|Matlhabisa ditlhong a]] [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho ya bathusi ba phutego]]– ditiragalo tse dintsi tse mo go tsona badiri ba phutego le motsamaisi wa letsholo ba neng ba tshwarwa ba leka go fetola botshelo jwa motho ya Wikipedia ka ha sephiring – a ne a lemogiwa ke setšhaba, mme se sa dira gore motsamaisi wa letsholo a tlogele tiro. Le fa go ntse jalo, Wikipedia e ne ya tsewa e le nngwe ya matshwaokgwebo a matlhano a a kwa godimo a lefatshe ka bophara a ngwaga wa 2006.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352 "brandchannel.com | branding news]". March 21, 2007. Archived from [http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352 the original] on March 21, 2007. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Jimmy Wales o ne a supa kwa [[:en:Wikimania_2006|Wikimania]] [[:en:Wikimania_2006|wa ngwaga wa 2006]] gore Wikipedia e fitlheletse bogolo jo bo lekaneng mme a kopa gore go gatelelwa boleng, gongwe se se tlhagisitsweng sentle mo pitsong ya [[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|dipego di le dikete tse lekgolo tsa boleng jwa dikarolo]]. Go ne ga tlhamiwa tshiamelo e ntšhwa, "botlhokomedi", e e letlang mefuta e e rileng ya ditsebe tse di bolokilweng tse di nang le diteng tse di sa amogelesegeng go tshwaiwa jaaka tse di sa bonweng. Tshireletso e e seng kalo kgatlhanong le tshenyo e e sa itsiweng, e e neng ya tlhagisiwa ka ngwaga wa 2005, e ne ya itshupa e ratwa thata go feta ka fa go neng go solofetswe ka teng, ka ditsebe di feta dikete tse di neng tsa sirelediwa ka bontlhabongwe ka nako epe fela ka ngwaga wa 2006. ==== Ngwaga wa 2007 ==== Wikipedia e ne ya tswelela go gola ka bonako ka ngwaga wa 2007, e na le diakhaonto tsa barulaganyi tse di kwadisitsweng di feta didikadike di le tlhano ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro.<ref>See the special page: [[:en:Special:Statistics|Special:Statistics]]: 5,078,036 registered user accounts as of 13 August 2007, excluding anonymous editors who have not created accounts.</ref> Dikgatiso tsa dipuo di le makgolo a mabedi le botlhano tsa Wikipedia di ne di na le palogotlhe e e kopantsweng ya dipego di le didikadike di le supa ntlha tlhano e leng palogotlhe ya mafoko a le didikadike di le bongwe ntlha supa le bone, ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a tlhola a malatsi a le lesome le boraro .<ref>Source: [[:en:Wikipedia:Size_comparisons|Wikipedia:Size comparisons]] as of 13 August 2007</ref> Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona dipego ka selekanyo se se tlhomameng sa di le sekete se le sengwe le makgolo a supa ka letsatsi,<ref>From around Q3 2006 Wikipedia's growth rate has been approximately linear, source: [[:en:Wikipedia:Statistics|Wikipedia:Statistics]] – new article count by month 2006–2007.</ref> ka leina la kgolagano ya karolo la wikipedia.org le le mo maemong a bo lesome a a naleng ditiro tse dintsi mo lefatsheng. Wikipedia e ne ya tswelela go bonala [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|mo bobegakgannyeng]] – [[:en:Essjay_controversy|kganetsano ya ga Essjay]] e ne ya runya fa leloko le le tlhageletseng la Wikipedia le ne le fitlhelwa le buile maaka ka dintlha tsa gagwe tsa boitshupo. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e gaisanang ya mo maranyaneng, e ne ya thankgololwa phatlalatsa. Tlwaelo e ntšhwa e ne ya tlhagelela mo Wikipedia, ka ensaetlopedia e e neng e bua le batho ba go itsege ga bone go neng go tswa mo go nneng motsayakarolo mo kgannyeng ya dikgang ka go oketsa kaelo go tswa mo leineng la bone go ya kwa kgannyeng e kgolo, go na le go tlhama pego e e tlhaolegileng ya mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho.[<ref>e.g., cases such as [[:en:Crystal_Mangum|Crystal Mangum]] and Daniel Brandt.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2007, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona pego ya yone ya didikadike di le pedi, [[:en:El_Hormiguero|''El Hormiguero'']].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles"]. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. September 9, 2007. Archived from [[foundationsite:wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|the original]] on July 8, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2012.</ref> Go ne ga nna le kganetsano nngwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2007 fa [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Volapük]] e ne e tlola go tswa ko dipegong di le makgolo a supa, masome a borobabongwe le bosupa go ya go feta dikete tse lekgolo le bongwe le dikete tse pedi, ka bokhutshwane ya nna kgatiso ya bo lesome le botlhano e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya Wikipedia, ka ntlha ya go tlhamiwa ga ditlhogo tse di itirisang ke motlhoafaledi wa puo e e agilweng ya [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]<ref>"[http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252 Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie]". PC World (Polish) (in Polish). December 1, 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131106024950/http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252 Archived] from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</ref><ref>Yves Nevelsteen (September 15, 2007). [http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio "Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio"]. Libera Folio (in Esperanto). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio Archived] from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</ref>. Go ya ka [[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|''MIT Technology Review,'']] palo ya barulaganyi ba ba tlhagafetseng ka bontsi jwa dinako mo Wikipedia ya puo ya Seesemane e ne ya fitlha kwa setlhoeng ka ngwaga wa 2007 go feta dikete tse masome a matlhano le bongwe, mme fa e sa le ka nako eo e ntse e fokotsega.<ref>Simonite, Tom (October 22, 2013). "[https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ The Decline of Wikipedia]". [[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ Archived] from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2020.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang kangwaga wa 2007, go ne ga gatisiwa tokololo ya tlhopho ya pego ya Wikipedia ya Mofuta wa 0.5.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team]", Wikipedia, June 12, 2022, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707222542/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 archived] from the original on July 7, 2022, retrieved June 25, 2022</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2008 ==== Mananeo a a farologaneng a Wiki mo mafelong a le mantsi a ne a tswelela go atolosa le go tokafatsa diteng tsa pego mo teng ga bogolo jwa tsone. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2008, go ne ga tlhamiwa pego ya Wikipedia ya didikadike di le lesome, mme kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya feta dipego di le didikadike di le dikete tse pedi le botlhano. ==== Ngwaga wa 2009 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka oura ya masome a mabedi le bobedi le metsotso e le lesome le botlhano mo nakong ya UTC, morago [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ga loso lwa ga Michael Jackson]], lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la phutlhama ka nakwana. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] o begile gore go ne ga nna le baeng ba ba ka nnang didikadike ba ba neng ba le kwa mokwalong wa botshelo jwa ga Jackson mo lobakeng lwa oura e le nngwe, gongwe e le baeng ba bantsi mo lobakeng lwa oura e le nngwe ba ba neng ba le kwa pegong epe fela mo ditsong tsa Wikipedia. Kwa bokhutlong jwa kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2009, palo ya dipego mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia e ne e fetile didikadike di le lesome le bone .<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)]". Wikimedia.org. Archived from [[stats:EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|the original]] on March 5, 2014.</ref> Setlhogo sa didikadike di le tharo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane, [[:en:Beate_Eriksen|Beate Eriksen]], se tlhamilwe ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka nako ya oura ya bone le metsotso e le metlhano, go ya ka Nako ya Lefatshelotlhe e e Rulagantsweng (UTC).<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-08-17/News_and_notes&oldid=309138115 Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2009-08-17/News and notes"], Wikipedia, August 20, 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20210609111443/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-08-17/News_and_notes&oldid=309138115 archived] from the original on June 9, 2021, retrieved March 16, 2023</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2009, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane e ne ya feta dipego di le sedikadike se le sengwe, mme ya nna kgatiso ya bobedi morago ga Wikipedia ya Seesemane go dira jalo. Setlhogo sa [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']] se ne sa kwala Wikipedia mo gare ga mafelo a tshedimosetso a a gaisang tsa ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1918031_1918016_1917948,00.html Wikipedia – 50 Best Websites 2009]" [https://web.archive.org/web/20111202174857/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1918031_1918016_1917948,00.html Archived] 2 December 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. TIME. 24 August 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2011.</ref> Diteng tsa Wikipedia di ne tsa fiwa tetla ka fa tlase ga tetla ya [[:en:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike|Creative Commons ya go Abelana]] ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>"[[m:Licensing_update/Timeline|Licensing update/Timeline – Meta".]] meta.wikimedia.org. October 30, 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline Archived] from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.</ref> === Ngwagasome wa bobedi: ngwaga wa 2010 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2019 === ==== Ngwaga wa 2010 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a masome a mabedi le bone, ditsamaiso tse di bolokang ditshedimosetso tsa Wikipedia tsa karolo kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe ya Europe di ne tsa tswa mo maranyaneng ka ntlha ya bothata jwa go gotela thata. [[:en:Failover|Go palelwa]] ke ditsamaiso tsa poloko ya tshedimosetso kwa Florida go ne ga itshupa go robegile, ga dira gore tharabololo ya [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] ya Wikipedia e palelwe go ralala lefatshe. Bothata bo ne jwa rarabololwa ka bonako, mme ka ntlha ya ditlamorago tsa go boloka DNS, mafelo mangwe a ne a le bonya go kgona go bona Wikipedia gape go feta a mangwe.<ref>Bergsma, Mark (March 24, 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100327123357/http://techblog.wikimedia.org/2010/03/global-outage-cooling-failure-and-dns/ "Global Outage (cooling failure and DNS)"]. Wikimedia Technical Blog. Archived from [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2010/03/global-outage-cooling-failure-and-dns/ the original] on March 27, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2010.</ref><ref>Perez, Juan Carlos (March 25, 2010). [https://www.pcworld.com/article/192410/wikipedia_suffers_global_collapse.html "Wikipedia Suffers Global Collapse"]. PC World. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100329132858/http://www.pcworld.com/article/192410/wikipedia_suffers_global_collapse.html Archived] from the original on March 29, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganonga tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro, lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la golola sebopego se sesha sa yone. Dikarolo tse disha di ne di akaretsa letshwao le le ntšha, didirisiwa tse di ntšha tsa go tsamaya mo lefelong la tshedimosetso le, le sedirisiwa sa go thusa go tlhama dikgokagano<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch New features]". [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]]. Archived from [[:en:Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|the original]] on August 22, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2010.</ref>. Le fa go ntse jalo, sebopego sa bogologolo se ne sa tswelela se le teng gore se dirisiwe ke ba ba neng ba batla go tswelela ba se dirisa. Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bobedi, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya feta palo ya ditlhogo di le didikadike di le dikete tse tharo le botlhano fa setlhogo sa sedikadike sa ntlha sa Wikipedia ya Sefora se ne sa tlhamiwa ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bongwe. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro, go ne ga dirwa tokafatso ya sedikadike ya ntlha mo mananeong otlhe a Wikimedia. Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2010, go ne ga gatisiwa kgatiso ya Wikipedia Version 0.7, e e neng e na le tlhopho ya dipego.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team"], Wikipedia, June 12, 2022, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707222542/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 archived] from the original on July 7, 2022, retrieved June 25, 2022</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2011 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Nngwe ya dikuku di le mmalwa tse di dirilweng go keteka ngwaga wa bo lesome wa Wikipedia ka ngwaga wa 2011]] Wikipedia le badirisi ba yone ba ne ba tshwara meletlo e le mentsi lefatshe ka bophara go gopola [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ngwaga wa bo]] [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|lesome]] wa lefelo leo ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano.<ref>Wikipedia celebrates a decade of edit wars, controversy, and Internet dominance [http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/011111-wikipedia-decade.html?hpg1=bn networkworld.com] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120315204326/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/011111-wikipedia-decade.html?hpg1=bn Archived] 15 March 2012 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> Lefelo leo le ne la simolola maiteko a go atolosa kgolo ya lone kwa India, mme la tshwara bokopano jwa lone jwa ntlha jwa India kwa Mumbai ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ka ngwaga wa 2011.<ref>Vaidyanathan, Rajini (November 19, 2011). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308 "Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push"]. BBC News. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055525/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308 Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112 "Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India]". Reuters. January 12, 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110114211053/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112 Archived] from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2011.</ref> [[:en:English_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Seesemane]] e fetile letshwao la dipego di le didikadike di le dikete tse tharo le botlhano ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a mabedi, mme ya fitlha go dipego di le dimilione di le 3.8 ka la bo 18 Ngwanaitseele. Ka la bo 7 Ngwanaitseele 2011, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane e ne ya feta diphetogo tsa ditsebe di le dimilione di le 100, mme ya nna kgatiso ya bobedi ya puo go dira jalo morago ga kgatiso ya Seesemane, e e neng ya fitlhelela diphetogo tsa ditsebe di le dimilione di le 500 ka la bo 24 Ngwanaitseele 2011. Wikipedia ya Sedatšhe e ne ya feta diathikele di le milione o le 1 go fitlha ka la bo 17 Sedimonthole12. jalo. Ka di 3 Mopitlwe 2011, go ne ga gatisiwa kgololo ya tlhopho ya athikele ya Wikipedia ya Mofuta wa 0.8.[111] Setempe sa "Wikimania 2011 – Haifa, Iseraele" se ne sa ntshiwa ke Israel Post ka la bo 2 Phatwe 2011. Se e ne e le setempe sa ntlha se se neng se neetswe porojeke e e amanang le Wikimedia. Magareng ga 4 le 6 Diphalane 2011, Wikipedia ya Italy e ne ya nna e e sa fitlhelegeng ka boomo go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le molao o o tshitshintsweng wa Palamente ya Italy wa DDL intercettazioni, o, fa o ka amogelwa, o neng o tla letla motho ope fela go pateletsa diwebosaete go tlosa tshedimosetso e e tsewang e le e e seng boammaaruri kgotsa e e kgopisang, kwantle ga go tlamela1. Gape ka Diphalane 2011, Wikimedia e ne ya itsise go simololwa ga Wikipedia Zero, e leng letsholo la go kgontsha phitlhelelo ya mahala ya difouno tsa selula mo Wikipedia mo dinageng tse di tlhabologang ka tirisanommogo le badirisi ba difouno tsa selula.[113][114] Ka Ferikgong 16, motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia Jimmy Wales o ne a itsise gore Wikipedia ya Seesemane e tla tswalwa diura di le 24 ka Ferikgong 18 jaaka karolo ya boipelaetso jo bo neng bo ikaeletse go bitsa tlhokomelo ya setšhaba mo Molaong o o tshitshintsweng wa go Emisa Borukhutlhi jwa Inthanete le Molao wa PROTECT IP, e leng melao e mebedi e e kgatlhanong le borukhutlhi jwa United States ka fa tlase ga ngangisano. Fa ba bitsa go kgaoga ga motlakase "tshwetso ya baagi", Wales le baganetsi ba bangwe ba melao ba ne ba dumela gore e tla tsenya puo e e gololesegileng le boitshimololedi jwa mo inthaneteng mo kotsing.[115] Go tima ga motlakase go go tshwanang go ne ga dirwa ka la bo 10 Phukwi ke Wikipedia ya Russia, go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le molao o o tshitshintsweng wa taolo ya inthanete ya Russia.[116] Mo bokhutlong jwa Mopitlwe 2012, Wikimedia Deutschland e ne ya itsise ka Wikidata, e leng polatefomo ya lefatshe lotlhe ya go abelana tshedimosetso fa gare ga dikgatiso tsotlhe tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia.[117][118] Porojeke ya Wikidata ya didolara di le dimilione di le 1,7 tsa Amerika e ne e tlamelwa ke Google, Mokgatlho wa Gordon le Betty Moore, le Setheo sa Allen sa Botlhale jwa Maitirelo.[119] Wikimedia Deutschland e ne ya tsaya maikarabelo a kgato ya ntlha ya Wikidata, mme kwa tshimologong e ne e rulagantse go dira gore polatefomo e nne teng mo barulaganying ka Sedimonthole 2012. Kgato ya ntlha ya Wikidata e ne ya simolola go dira ka botlalo ka Mopitlwe 2013.[120][121] [[Setshwantsho:Justin Anthony Knapp (cropped).jpg|thumb|Justin Knapp]] Ka Moranang 2012, Justin Knapp o ne a nna mokwadi wa ntlha a le mongwe go dira diphetogo tse di fetang milione o le mongwe mo Wikipedia.[122][123] Jimmy Wales o ne a akgola Knapp ka tiro ya gagwe mme a mo naya mmentlele o o Kgethegileng wa Barnstar wa lefelo leno le awate ya Golden Wiki ka ntlha ya phitlhelelo ya gagwe.[124] Wales gape e ne ya bolela gore Moranang a le 20 e tla nna "Letsatsi la ga Justin Knapp".[125] Ka la bo 13 Phukwi 2012, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona athikele ya yone ya bo dimilione di le 4, Izbat al-Burj.[126] Ka Diphalane 2012, raditiragalo le morulaganyi wa Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen o ne a ntsha mogopolo wa gore Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne e "gaufi le go wediwa", a tlhokomela gore palo ya barulaganyi ba ba dirang ka metlha e ne e wetse tlase thata fa e sale ka 2007, le fa Wikipedia e ne e gola ka bonako mo palong ya diathikele le mo babading.[12] Go ya ka Inthanete ya Alexa, Wikipedia e ne e le webosaete ya borataro e e tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go tloga ka Ngwanaitseele 2012.[128] Dow Jones e ne ya baya Wikipedia mo maemong a botlhano lefatshe ka bophara go tloga ka Sedimonthole 2012.[129] Ka di 22 Ferikgong 2013, Wikipedia ya Sentadiana e ne ya nna kgatiso ya botlhano ya puo ya Wikipedia go feta diathikele di le milione o le 1, fa Wikipedia ya Se-Russia le ya Sepanishe e ne ya bona diathikele tsa tsone tsa milione ka di 11 le di 16 tsa Motsheganong ka go latelana. Ka la bo 15 Phukwi di-Wikipedia tsa Se-Sweden le ka Lwetse di le 24 tsa Se-Poland di ne tsa bona diathikele tsa tsone tsa bomilione, mme tsa nna dikgatiso tsa borobedi le tsa borobongwe tsa Wikipedia go dira jalo. Ka la bo 27 Ferikgong, asteroid e kgolo ya lebanta 274301 e ne ya bidiwa semmuso "Wikipedia" ke Komiti ya Maina a Mmele o Mennye.[130] Kgato ya ntlha ya polokelotshedimosetso ya Wikidata, e e neng e tlamela ka dikgokagano tsa dipuo tse di farologaneng le tshedimosetso e nngwe ka go itirisa, e ne ya nna teng mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo ka Mopitlwe 2013.[121] Ka Moranang 2013, tirelo ya sephiri ya Fora e ne ya latofadiwa ka go leka go tlhotlhomisa Wikipedia ka go tshosetsa moithaopi wa Wikipedia ka go tshwarwa ntle le fa "tshedimosetso ya sephiri" ka ga seteišene sa radio sa sesole e ka phimolwa.[131] Ka Phukwi, go ne ga simololwa thulaganyo ya go tseleganya ya VisualEditor, e e neng ya bopa kgato ya ntlha ya maiteko a go letla gore diathikele di tseleganngwe ka segokaganyi se se tshwanang le sa porosesara ya mafoko go na le go dirisa tshwao ya wiki.[132] Go ne ga simololwa gape le morulaganyi yo o diretsweng di-smartphone le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa selulafouno.[133] Ka Tlhakole 2014, porojeke ya go dira kgatiso e e gatisitsweng ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane, e e nang le dibolumo di le 1 000 le ditsebe di feta 1 100 000, e ne ya simololwa ke batsayakarolo ba Wikipedia ya Sejeremane.[7] Porojeke e ne e batla matlole ka Indiegogo, mme e ne e ikaeletse go tlotla meneelo ya barulaganyi ba Wikipedia.[134] Ka di 22 Diphalane 2014, sefikantswe sa ntlha sa Wikipedia se ne sa bulwa kwa toropong ya Poland ya Slubice.[135] Ka di 8 Seetebosigo, di 15 Seetebosigo, le di 16 Phukwi 2014, Wikipedia ya Se-Waray, Wikipedia ya Se-Vietnam le Wikipedia ya Se-Cebuano nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e ne ya feta letshwao la athikele e le milione o le mongwe. E ne e le Wikipedia ya bolesome, ya bolesome le bongwe le ya bolesomepedi go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Le fa di ne di na le badirisi ba le mmalwa fela ba ba matlhagatlhaga, di-Wikipedia tsa Se-Waray le Se-Cebuano di ne di na le palo e e kwa godimo ya diathikele tse di tlhamilweng ka go itirisa tse di tlhamilweng ke di-bot. Mo bogareng jwa 2015, Wikipedia e ne e le webosaete ya bosupa e e tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Alexa Internet,[136] e ne e le kwa tlase ka lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one ka Ngwanaitseele 2012. Kwa tshimologong ya 2015, Wikipedia e ne ya nna yone e e nang le athikele e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya kitsokakaretso e e nang le dimilione di le dintsi mo inthaneteng, e e nang le palogotlhe ya dimilione tsotlhe tsa saetlopedia mo inthaneteng. 291 dikgatiso tsa puo.[61] Ka palogare, Wikipedia e amogela palogotlhe ya dipono tsa ditsebe tsa lefatshe lotlhe di le dibilione di le 10 go tswa mo baeting ba ba kgethegileng ba ka nna dimilione di le 495 kgwedi le kgwedi,[7][137] go akaretsa le baeng ba le dimilione di le 85 go tswa kwa United States fela,[8] kwa e leng lefelo la borataro le le ratiwang thata.[136] Gatisa Wikipedia e ne e le porojeke ya botaki e e dirilweng ke Michael Mandiberg e e neng ya dira gore go nne le bokgoni jwa go gatisa dibolumo di le 7473 tsa Wikipedia jaaka e ne e le teng ka 7 Moranang 2015. Bolumo nngwe le nngwe e na le ditsebe di le 700 mme ke di le 110 fela tse di gatisitsweng ke motaki.[138] Ka la 1 Ngwanaitseele 2015, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e fitlheletse diathikele di le 5 000 000 ka go tlhamiwa ga athikele ka ga Persoonia terminalis, mofuta wa setlhatshana. Ka Diphalane 23, Wikipedia e ne ya amogela Sekgele sa Kgosigatsana ya Asturias sa Tirisanommogo ya Boditšhabatšhaba.[139][140] Ka di 19 Ferikgong 2016, Wikipedia ya Sejapane e ne ya feta letshwao la diathikele di le milione o le mongwe, mme ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesometharo go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Setlhogo sa bomilione e ne e le sa Wave 224, e leng sekepe sa ka fa tlase ga metsi sa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II sa Sesole sa Lewatle sa Bogosi jwa Japane. Mo bogareng jwa 2016, Wikipedia e ne ya nna gape webosaete ya borataro e e tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Alexa Internet,[141] e tlhatlogile ka lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one mo ngwageng o o fetileng. Mo bogareng jwa 2017, Wikipedia e ne ya kwalwa jaaka webosaete ya botlhano e e ratiwang thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Alexa Internet,[142] e tlhatlogile lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one mo ngwageng o o fetileng. Wikipedia Zero e dirilwe gore e nne teng kwa Iraq le kwa Afganistan. Ka di 29 Moranang 2017, go fitlhelela Wikipedia mo inthaneteng go ne ga thibelwa mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo kwa Turkey ke balaodi ba Turkey. Boloko jono bo ne jwa tswelela go fitlha ka Ferikgong 15, 2020, ka gonne kgotlatshekelo ya Turkey e ne ya atlhola gore boloko jono bo tlola ditshwanelo tsa batho. Wikipedia ya Sejapane e e tsenngwang khoutu e thibetswe kwa China fa e sale ka Sedimonthole 28 2017.[143] Ka di 13 Moranang 2018, palo ya diathikele tsa Wikipedia ya Setšhaena e ne ya feta milione o le 1, mme ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesome le bone go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Wikipedia ya Setšhaena e thibetswe kwa Nagengkgolo ya China fa e sale ka Motsheganong 2015.[144] Moragonyana mo ngwageng, ka Seetebosigo 26, Wikipedia ya Sepotokisi e ne ya feta letshwao la diathikele di le milione o le mongwe, ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesome le botlhano go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Setlhogo sa bomilione e ne e le Perdão de Richard Nixon (Tshwarelo ya ga Richard Nixon). Ka 2018, Wikipedia e ne ya boloka lenaane la yone jaaka webosaete ya botlhano e e ratiwang thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Inthanete ya Alexa.[145] Ntlha nngwe e e tlhomologileng e ne e le tiriso ya Botlhale jwa Maitirelo go tlhama diathikele tse di kwadilweng ka ditlhogo tse di neng di tlhokomologilwe.[146] Ka di 23 Moranang 2019, balaodi ba China ba ne ba atolosa Wikipedia go nna mefuta ya dipuo tsotlhe.[147][148] Nako ya go thibela e ne ya tsamaisana le ngwaga wa bo 30 wa ditshupetso le polao ya batho ba le bantsi kwa Tiananmen Square ka 1989 le ngwaga wa bo 100 wa Mokgatlho wa Motsheganong wa Bone, mme seno sa felela ka gore inthanete e tlhotlhomisiwe thata kwa China.[149] Ka Phatwe 2019, go ya ka Alexa.com, Wikipedia e ne ya wela tlase go tswa mo maemong a botlhano go ya kwa maemong a bosupa mo webosaeteng mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Ka one ngwaga oo, khopi ya Wikipedia e ne ya romelwa kwa Ngweding, e le karolo ya Laeborari ya Arch Lunar. Ka ntlha ya go palelwa, rokete e ne ya thula mo godimo ga Ngwedi, mme, ka ntlha ya tiriso ya di-disk tse di kgethegileng, tse di kgonang go emelana le nickel, go dumelwa gore khopi e ne ya falola go thula.[151] === Ngwagasome wa boraro: 2020–gompieno === Ka di 23 Ferikgong 2020, setlhogo sa dimilione di le thataro, e leng lokwalotshelo lwa ga Maria Elise Turner Lauder, se ne sa tsenngwa mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane. Le fa go ne go na le kgolo eno ya diathikele, go dirisana ga Wikipedia mo inthaneteng ya lefatshe lotlhe, jaaka go lekanngwa ke Alexa, go ne ga tswelela go fokotsega. Ka Tlhakole 2020, Wikipedia e ne ya wela mo webosaeteng ya bolesome le bongwe mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Bobedi go bega ga Wikipedia ga mathata a leroborobo la COVID-19 le diphetogo tse di tshegetsang, dipuisano, le e leng go phimolwa go ne go akanngwa gore ke motswedi o o mosola go borahisitori ba isago ba ba batlang go tlhaloganya paka eo ka botlalo.[152] Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Boitekanelo o dirisane mmogo le Wikipedia jaaka motswedi wa konokono wa go anamisa tshedimosetso e e amanang le COVID-19 jaaka go thusa go lwantsha go anama ga tshedimosetso e e fosagetseng.[153][154] Ka Ferikgong 2021, ngwaga wa bo 20 wa Wikipedia o ne wa lemogiwa mo metsweding ya dikgang. Ka di 13 Ferikgong 2021, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya fitlhelela diphetogo di le dibilione di le nngwe, koo tseleganyo ya bobilione e neng ya dirwa ke Steven Pruitt.[159] MIT Press e gatisitse buka e e bulegileng ya ditlhamo Wikipedia @ 20: Dikgang tsa Phetogo e e sa Fediwang, e e rulagantsweng ke Joseph Reagle le Jackie Koerner ka ditshwaelo go tswa go ba-Wikipedia ba ba tlhageletseng, ba-Wikimedia, babatlisisi, babegadikgang, balaeborari le baitseanape ba bangwe ba ba akanyang ka ditiragalo tse di rileng le[60]. Ka Ngwanaitseele 2021, Wikipedia e ne e wetse mo webosaeteng ya bolesometharo mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Ka la 6 Sedimonthole 2022, Modiri wa Wikipedia Richard Knipel o ne a tlhama setlhogo sa setlhogo sa Botaki, se poeletso ya sone ya ntlha e neng e le terafote e e tlhagisitsweng ke ChatGPT e Knipel a neng a e dirile diphetogo tse dinnye go tsamaisana thata le maemo a Wikipedia. Knipel o boletse mo tsebeng ya puisano gore o dumela gore ke lekgetlo la ntlha mongwe a dirisa ChatGPT go tlhama athikele ya Wikipedia. Go romelwa ga athikele eno go ne ga kgalwa ke barulaganyi ba bangwe mme ga tsosa kganetsano mo setšhabeng sa Wikipedia, mme seno sa dira gore go nne le kganetsano e e tseneletseng ka gore a ChatGPT le dikai tse di tshwanang le yone di tshwanetse go dirisiwa mo go kwaleng diteng tsa Wikipedia le gore, fa go le jalo, di tshwanetse go dirisiwa go le kana kang.[161] Ka Ferikgong 2023, segokaganyi sa desekethopo sa Wikipedia se ne sa fetolwa lekgetlo la ntlha fa e sale ka 2010, go nna Vector 2022.[162] Segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo se sesha se ne sa nyatswa thata ke badirisi. Dikganetso tse dintsi di ne di tlhomile mogopolo mo thulaganyong ya bophara jo bo tlhomameng, e e neng ya dira gore go nne le sebaka se sesweu se se feteletseng mo dintlheng tsa dimonithara tse di bulegileng, mme seno sa dira gore go nne le motlotlo wa mafoko a le 90 000 wa gore a letlalo le lesha le tshwanetse go nna le le tlwaelegileng. Wikipedia ya Seswahili e ne ya boutela ka bongwefela jwa pelo go gana letlalo le lesha mme "ka bokhutshwane" ya batla gore go boelwe kwa letlalong la bogologolo. Go tshwaiwa phoso go gongwe go ne ga lebisiwa kwa Mokgatlhong wa Wikimedia ka go thapa setlhopha sa batlhami se se nang le maitemogelo a a lekanyeditsweng mo diwiki. Brandon Harris, yo e neng e le motlhami yo mogolo kwa Wikipedia go tloga ka 2010 go fitlha ka 2014, o ne a re: "Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia gantsi o thapa batlhami ba ba sa tlwaelanang le baagi, mme ba tsena mme ba leka go dira diphetogo tseno tsotlhe—ba taboga ka tlhogo pele go nna saga ya buzz—mme baagi ba gana ka tsela e e utlwalang]".[163] Morago ga therisano le kgaisano, letshwao la ntlha la modumo la Wikimedia (go akaretsa le Wikipedia) le ne la amogelwa.[164] Ka Ferikgong 13, 2024, khopi ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane, e e bolokilweng mo polokelong ya tshedimosetso ya 5D optical, e ne ya tsenngwa mo lefelong la patlisiso le le ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa Switzerland, le le nang le kgonagalo ya go bolokwa dingwaga di ka nna dibilione di le 14, ka ntlha ya thekenoloji ya polokelo e e dirisitsweng. Khopi e ka balega ka go dirisa maekerosekopo, kwantle ga go tlhoka go dirisa thekenoloji ya dijithale.[165] Ka di 22 Tlhakole 2024, khopi ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya goroga ka katlego mo Ngweding, jaaka karolo ya porojeke ya Galactic Legacy Archive. Thomo e ne ya dirwa ke Metšhini ya Intuitive, fa rokete yone e ne ya thankgololwa ke SpaceX. Tshedimosetso eno e ne e bolokilwe jaaka e e dirisang dikarolo di le 16 tsa nikele, mme go fopholediwa gore e ka nna mo godimo ga Ngwedi dingwaga di ka nna dibilione di le 5. [166] [[Setshwantsho:Work-in-progress animation of the Wikipedia 25 birthday mascot scrolling on a phone.gif|thumb]] Ka Ferikgong 15, Wikipedia e ne ya keteka ngwaga wa yone wa bo 25.[167] Go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa ditokomane le "khaphule ya nako" jaaka karolo ya meletlo.[168] Go ne ga gololwa setshwantsho se se tlhamilweng ke modirisi BaduFerreira se se bidiwang Baby Globe. E ne ya tlhagelela fa mokgwa wa letsatsi la matsalo o ne o kgontshitswe mo Wikipedia. Go ne ga tlhamiwa seaparo sa Baby Globe se se ka kokoanngwang ka tirisanommogo le Makeship.[169] Baby Globe e ne ya tlosiwa mo saeteng ya Wikipedia ka Moranang 7.[170] Ka Mopitlwe 27, Wikipedia e ne ya thibela tiriso ya diteng tse di tlhamilweng ke di-LLM mo diathikeleng tsa yone, kwa ntle ga dithanolo le diphetogo tse dinnye tsa dikhopi.[171][172] Ka Motsheganong 11, Wikipedia e ne ya golola Kgwetlho ya go Bala ya Ngwaga wa bo 25 wa tiriswa ya iOS go tloga ka Motsheganong 11 go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 18, mme Baby Globe e ne ya tlhagisiwa gape.[173] == Hisetori go ya ka serutwa == === Serwethata le serweboleta === Athikele ya konokono: MediaWiki Sofotewere e e tsamaisang Wikipedia, le serweboleta sa khomphiutha, dipolase tsa disefara le ditsamaiso tse dingwe tse Wikipedia e ikaegileng ka tsone. * Ka Ferikgong 2001, Wikipedia e ne ya tsamaya mo UseModWiki, e e kwadilweng ka Perl ke Clifford Adams. Seva e sa ntse e sebetsa ho Linux, le ha mongolo wa mantlha o ne o bolokilwe difaeleng ho ena le polokelotshedimosetsong. Ditlhogo di ne tsa bidiwa ka kopano ya CamelCase. * Ka Ferikgong 2002, "Kgato II" ya sofotewere ya wiki e e nayang Wikipedia maatla e ne ya tlhagisiwa, e e neng ya emisetsa UseModWiki ya bogologolo. E kwaletswe porojeke eno ka tlhamalalo ke Magnus Manske, e ne e akaretsa enjene ya wiki ya PHP. * Ka Phukwi 2002, go kwalwa sešwa go gogolo ga sofotewere e e nayang Wikipedia maatla go ne ga simolola; e e bidiwang "Kgato III", e ne ya tsaya sebaka sa mofuta wa bogologolo wa "Kgato II", mme ya nna MediaWiki. E kwadilwe ke Lee Daniel Crocker go tsibogela ditlhokego tse di oketsegang tsa porojeke e e golang. * Ka Diphalane 2002, Derek Ramsey o ne a tlhama bot – thulaganyo e e itirisang e e bidiwang Rambot – go oketsa palo e ntsi ya diathikele tse di buang ka ditoropo tsa United States; diathikele tseno di ne tsa tlhagisiwa ka go itirisa go tswa mo tshedimosetsong ya palobatho ya U.S. Ka jalo o ne a oketsa palo ya diathikele tsa Wikipedia ka 33 832.[174] Se se biditswe "kgato e e tsosang kganetsano go gaisa mo hisitoring ya Wikipedia".[175] * Ka Ferikgong 2003, go ne ga okediwa ka tshegetso ya difomula tsa dipalo mo TeX. Khoutu e ne ya ntshiwa ke Tomasz Węgrzanowski. * Ka di 9 Seetebosigo 2003, segokaganyi sa ISBN sa Wikipedia se ne sa fetolwa go dira gore di-ISBN mo diathikeleng di golagane le Special:Metswedi ya Dibuka, e e tsayang diteng tsa yone go tswa mo tsebeng e e ka rulaganngwang ke modirisi ya Wikipedia:Metswedi ya dibuka. Pele ga se, dintlha tsa kgokagano ya ISBN di ne tsa tsenngwa khoutu mo sofotewereng mme go ne ga tshitshinngwa tse dišwa mo tsebeng ya Wikipedia:ISBN. Bona tseleganyo e e fetotseng seno. * Morago ga 6 Sedimonthole 2003, melaetsa e e farologaneng ya tsamaiso e e neng e bontshiwa badirisi ba Wikipedia e ne e sa tlhole e tsentswe dikhoutu tse di thata, mme seno se ne sa dira gore batsamaisi ba Wikipedia ba kgone go fetola dikarolo dingwe tsa segokaganyi sa MediaWiki, jaaka molaetsa o o neng o bontshiwa badirisi ba ba thibetsweng. * Ka di 12 Tlhakole 2004, ditiro tsa disefara di ne tsa fudusiwa go tswa kwa San Diego, kwa California go ya kwa Tampa, kwa Florida.[176] * Ka di 29 Motsheganong 2004, diwebosaete tsotlhe tse di farologaneng di ne tsa tlhabololwa go nna mofuta o mošwa wa serweboleta sa MediaWiki. * Ka la 30 Motsheganong 2004, go ne ga tlhagelela ditiragalo tsa ntlha tsa ditsenngwa tsa "go aroganngwa ka ditlhopha". Dikema tsa ditlhopha, jaaka Diphetogo tsa Bosheng le Tseleganya Tsebe Eno, di ne di ntse di le teng fa e sa le Wikipedia e tlhongwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, Sanger o ne a lebile dikema jaaka manaane, le diathikele tse di tsenngwang ka diatla, fa maiteko a go aroganya a ne a ikaegile ka ditsenngwa tsa go aroganya ka bongwe mo athikeleng nngwe le nngwe ya saetlopedia, jaaka karolo ya go aroganya ka ditlhopha go gogolo go go itirisang ga diathikele tsa saetlopedia.[177] * Morago ga 3 Seetebosigo 2004, batsamaisi ba ne ba ka tseleganya setaele sa segokaganyi ka go fetola CSS mo pampiring ya setaele sa buka e le nngwe mo MediaWiki:Monobook.css. * Gape ka 30 Motsheganong 2004, ka MediaWiki 1.3, go ne ga tlhamiwa lefelo la maina la Thempoleite, le le letlang go tsenngwa ga ditlhangwa tse di tlwaelegileng . * Ka di 7 Seetebosigo 2005 ka 3:00 a.m. ka Nako e e Tlwaelegileng ya Botlhaba, bontsi jwa disefara tsa Wikimedia di ne tsa fudusediwa kwa lefelong le lesha le le ka kwa ga mmila. Diporojeke tsotlhe tsa Wikimedia di ne di sa dire ka nako eno. * Ka Mopitlwe 2013, kgato ya ntlha ya polokelotshedimosetso ya Wikidata ya interwiki e ne ya nna teng mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia.[121] * Ka Phukwi 2013, go ne ga tlhongwa segokaganyi sa go tseleganya sa VisualEditor, se se neng se letla badirisi go tseleganya Wikipedia ba dirisa morulaganyi wa mafoko wa WYSIWYG (o o tshwanang le modirisiwa wa go rulaganya mafoko) go na le go tshwaya wiki.[132] Segokaganyi sa go tseleganya se se tokafaditsweng didiriswa tsa selulafouno le sone se ne sa gololwa == Metswedi == dqg4ty95ug8lqls6y3j1051qoj74szy 53428 53426 2026-07-28T03:41:19Z Atsile Edith 11759 Ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 53428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wikipedia]], e leng ensaetlopedia ya mo maranyaneng e e nang le diteng [[:en:Free_content|tse di sa duelelweng]] e e kwadilweng le go tlhokomelwa ke setšhaba sa baithaopi ba ba bidiwang [[Wikipedians]], e simolotse ka go kwalwa ga yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), malatsi a mabedi morago ga gore lotshwao loo le kwadisiwe.<ref>[http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org "Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools"]. ''[[:en:WHOIS|WHOIS]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org Archived] from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref> E ne ya gola go tswa mo [[Nupedia]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e rulagantsweng sentle e e sa duelelweng, e le tsela ya go letla go kwalwa ga ditlhogo le dithanolo motlhofo le ka bonako. Ditshegetso tsa maranyane le tsa dikgopolo tsa Wikipedia di tla pele ga seno; kakanyo ya ntlha e e itsiweng ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e dirilwe ke Rick Gates ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro (1993),<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html "Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger"]. History Computer. 2010. Archived from [http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html the original] on April 15, 2012. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> mme kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e e gololesegileng (jaaka e farologana le motswedi o o bulegileng fela)<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source "Philosophy"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source Archived] from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> e ne ya akanngwa ke Richard Stallman ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998).<ref name=":1">[[:en:Richard_Stallman|Stallman, Richard]] (1998). [https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html "The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html Archived] from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Kgopolo ya ga Stallman e ne e akaretsa ka tlhamalalo kgopolo ya gore ga go na mokgatlho ope o o botlhokwa o o tshwanetseng go laola go rulaganya. Seno se ne se farologana le diensaetlopedia tsa maranyane tsa motlha oo jaaka [[Microsoft Encarta]] le ''[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]''. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), teseletso ya [[Nupedia]] e ne ya fetolwa go nna [[GFDL]], mme [[Jimmy Wales]] le [[Larry Sanger]] ba ne ba simolola Wikipedia jaaka porojekete e e tlaleletsang, ba dirisa wiki ya mo maranyaneng jaaka sedirisiwa sa go kwala ka tirisanommogo.<ref>[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory "WikiHistory"]. [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory Archived] from the original on June 21, 2002. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Le fa kwa tshimologong Wikipedia e ne e akanngwa e le lefelo la go kwala mekwalo le dikgopolo tsa gore kgabagare go baakanngwe Nupedia, e ne ya feta e e neng e le teng pele ga yone ka bonako, ya nna lefelo la go kwala diathikele le legae la setlhagiswa sa bofelo se se baakantsweng sa porojekete ya lefatshe lotlhe ka makgolokgolo a dipuo, mme seno sa tlhotlheletsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya diporojekete tse dingwe tsa ditshupiso tsa mo maranyaneng. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), Wikipedia e ne e na le babadi ba ka nna didikadike di le makgolo a mane le masome a ferabongwe le botlhano ka kgwedi.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]''. March 1, 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140408202455/http://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks Archived] from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), go ya ka [[comScore]], Wikipedia e ne ya amogela baeng ba ba kgethegileng ba feta idikadike di le lekgolo le lesome le botlhano ka kgwedi go tswa kwa United States fela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 "comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015"]. comScore. February 24, 2015. Archived from [http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 the original] on March 17, 2015. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), diporojekete tseno di ne tsa bonwa baeng mo tsebeng ba le dibilione di le lesome le botlhano le sephatlo ka kgwedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects "Monthly overview"]. ''Wikimedia statistics''. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from [[stats:v2/#/all-projects|the original]] on January 24, 2020. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> [[File:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Tsebe ya boremelelo ya Wikipedia (Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2001)]] == Kakaretso ya ditso == === Lemorago === Kgopolo ya go kokoanya kitso ya lefatshe mo lefelong le le lengwe e simolotse kwa [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|lefelong la go bala la bogologolo la Alexandria]] le [[:en:Library_of_Pergamum|Lefelong la go bala la Pergamo,]] mme go na le dilo tsa bogologolo tse di neng tsa tla pele ga kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia e e akaretsang, [[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|ditso tse di jaaka Naturalis]] ya ga [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny yo Mogolo]], mme kakanyo ya segompieno ya ensaekolopedia e e akaretsang tsotlhe, e e gatisiwang le go anamisiwa kwa bathong ba le bantsi, e simologile ka [[:en:Denis_Diderot|Denis Diderot]] le baitseanape ba Fora ba lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga ba ba neng ba kwala diensaekolopedia.<ref>Miloš, Todorović (2018). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594 From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge]". ''Časopis KSIO''. '''1''': 88–102. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5281/zenodo.3235309|10.5281/zenodo.3235309.]] Retrieved October 20, 2021.</ref> Kgopolo ya go dirisa metšhine e e itirisang go feta [[:en:Printing_press|motšhine o o gatisang]] go aga ensaetlopedia e e mosola thata e ka bonwa mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:Paul_Otlet|Paul Otlet]] ya ngwaga wa 1934 ya ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet gape o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Mundaneum|Mundaneum]], e leng setheo se se neng se ineetse go dira ditshupane tsa kitso ya lefatshe, ka ngwaga wa 1910. Kgopolo e ya ensaetlopedia e e thusiwang ke motšhini e ne ya atolosiwa go ya pele mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:H._G._Wells|H. G. Wells]] ya ditlhamo" [[:en:World_Brain|''World Brain'']] (ngwaga wa1938) le pono ya ga [[:en:Vannevar_Bush|Vannevar Bush]] ya isago ya [[:en:Memex|Memex]] e e neng e dirisa [[:en:Microfilm|filimi e e bolokang ditshwantso ka bogolo jo bonnye]], e a e tlhalositse mo setlhangweng sa gagwe se se bidiwang "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (ngwaga wa 1945).<ref name=":2">Reagle, Joseph (2010). Good Faith Collaboration. The Culture of Wikipedia. MIT Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0262014472|978-0262014472.]] Chapter 2: "The Pursuit of the Universal Encyclopedia".</ref> Phitlhelelo e nngwe e ne e le lenaneo la Xanadu la ga [[:en:Ted_Nelson|Ted Nelson]] ya go tlhama ditlhangwa tse dintsi, e e neng ya simolola ka ngwaga wa 1960.<ref name=":2" /> Tiriso ya baithaopi e ne e le botlhokwa thata mo go direng le go tlhokomeleng Wikipedia. Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa go ne go se na inthanete, mananeo tse dikgolo tse di dingalo tsa mofuta o o tshwanang di ne di dirisitse baithaopi. Ka tlhamalalo, go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Oxford_English_Dictionary|''Thanodi ya Seesemane ya Oxford'']] go ne ga akanngwa ka puo kwa lefelong la dibuka la London, ka Letsatsi la ga [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele a tlhola malatsi a le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 1857, ke [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. Go tsere dingwaga di ka nna masome a supa go wediwa. Dr. Trench o ne a akanya ka bukantswe e ntšha e kgolo ya lefoko lengwe le lengwe mo puong ya Seesemane, le go dirisiwa ka puso ya batho le batho le ka kgololesego. Go ya ka mokwadi Simon Winchester, "Go dira thulaganyo e, o ne a re, go ne go feta bokgoni jwa motho ope fela. Go bala dibuka tsotlhe tsa Seesemane – le go sekaseka makwalo a dikgang a London le New York le makwalo a dikgang le buka ya tsotlhe a aitseng go bala le go kwala – go na le moo go tshwanetse ga nna 'tiro e e kopaneng ya batho ba le bantsi.' Go tla tlhokega go thapa setlhopha – mo godimo ga moo, se segolo – se gongwe se nang le makgolokgolo le makgolokgolo a batho ba ba sa duelweng, botlhe ba dira jaaka baithaopi."<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998). ''The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary''. Harpers, p. 106.</ref> Kgatelopele ya maranyane ya tshedimosetso kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga e ne ya dira gore go dirwe diphetogo mo mofuteng wa diensaetlopedia. Le fa diensaetlopedia tsa nako e e fetileng, segolobogolo [[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|''Encyclopædia Britannica'']], gantsi di ne di theilwe mo dibukeng, [[:en:Encarta|Encarta]] ya Microsoft, e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 1993, e ne e le teng mo CD-ROM e bile e na le [[:en:Hyperlink|dikgolagano tse dintsi]]. Go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] go ne ga dira gore go dirwe maiteko a mantsi a go dira [[:en:Online_encyclopedia|mananeo a ensaetlopedia tsa maranyane]]. Tshitshinyo ya ntlha ya ensaetlopedia ya mo inthaneteng e ne e le [[:en:Interpedia|Interpedia]] ka ngwaga wa1993 ke [[:en:Rick_Gates_(Internet_pioneer)|Rick Gates]];<ref name=":0" /> lenaneo le le ne la swa pele ga e tlhagisa diteng dipe tsa ensaetlopedia. Motshegetsi wa [[:en:Free_software|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka sa mahala]] [[:en:Richard_Stallman|Richard Stallman]] o ne a tlhalosa botlhokwa jwa "Ensaetlopedia ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Mahala le Motswedi wa go Ithuta" ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":1" /> Tokomane ya gagwe e e gatisitsweng e ne ya tlhalosa kafa go ka "tlhomamisiwang ka gone gore kgatelopele e tswelela pele go ya kwa dipoelong tse di gaisang le tsa tlholego." Motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia e bong Jimmy Wales o ne a bolela gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tla fa e ne e le moithuti wa dialogane kwa [[:en:Indiana_University_Bloomington|Mmadikolong wa Indiana]], koo a neng a kgatlhiwa ke katlego ya [[:en:Open-source_movement|mokgatlho wa motswedi o o bulegileng]] mme a fitlhela [[:en:GNU_Manifesto|Lekwalo la maikelelo le bokgoni la ga Emacs]] wa ga Richard Stallman o o rotloetsang [[:en:Free_software_movement|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka a mahala]] le itsholelo ya go abelana e kgatlhang. Wales gape o akgola tlhamo ya ga moitseanape wa itsholelo wa [[:en:Austrian_School|Sekolo sa Austria]] e bong [[:en:Friedrich_Hayek|Friedrich Hayek]], Polelo ya tlhamo ya "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng,]]" e a neng a e bala fa a ne a le moithuti wa pele ga kalogo,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all Know It All - The New Yorker]". ''[[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker]]''. September 30, 2014. Archived from [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all the original] on September 30, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> jaaka "e e botlhokwa" mo go akanyeng ga gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka gone."<ref>Mangu-Ward, Katherine (May 30, 2007). "[https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ Wikipedia and Beyond]". ''Reason.com''. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> Tlhamo e e gatelela gore [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|tshedimosetso e kgaogantswe fela ka bongwe]]—gore motho mongwe le mongwe o itse fela karolwana e nnye ya se se itsiweng mmogo, ditshwetso di dirwa botoka ke batho ba ba nang le kitso ya lefelo leo, go na le ke bothati jo bo botlhokwa. Ka nako eo, Wales o ne a ithuta tsa madi mme o ne a kgatlhilwe ke ditlhotlheletso tsa batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba ntsha seabe jaaka baithaopi mo go tlhameng mananeo a disupaditlhaka tsa mahala, koo dikai di le dintsi di neng di nna le dipholo tse di molemo thata.<ref>[https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales "Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales: "I have this crazy idea that people will pay for free news]"", Danny in the Valley, January 19, 2018, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055526/https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales archived] from the original on March 16, 2023, retrieved March 16, 2023 Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Go ya ka mokwalo wa dikgang w ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'', Wikipedia "e simolotse mo tsholofelong ya maranyane e e neng e tlhaola inthanete kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga. E ne e tshwara gore batho ba ba tlwaelesegileng ba ka dirisa disupa ditlhaka tsa bone jaaka didirisiwa tsa kgololesego, thuto, le go sedimosiwa."<ref>[https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher "Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher]". The Economist. January 9, 2021. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613 0013-0613.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221231224550/https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher Archived] from the original on December 31, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.</ref> === Go tlhama kgopolo === Wikipedia e ne ya akanyediwa kwa tshimologong jaaka lenaneo la phepo ya [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] e e neng ya tlhongwa kwa Wales, lenaneo la pelenyana la go tlhagisa ensaetlopedia ya mahala ya inthanete, e e neng ya ithaopela go dira ke [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]], kompone ya dipapatso tsa maranyane e e leng ya ga Jimmy, [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]] le [[:en:Michael_E._Davis_(businessman)|Michael E. Davis]]. <ref>[[:en:Marshall_Poe|Poe, Marshall]] (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ The Hive]". The Atlantic Monthly. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061223004004/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia Archived] from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. Wales and Sanger created the first Nupedia wiki on 10 January 2001. The initial purpose was to get the public to add entries that would then be "fed into the Nupedia process" of authorization. Most of Nupedia's expert volunteers, however, wanted nothing to do with this, so Sanger decided to launch a separate site called "Wikipedia". Neither Sanger nor Wales looked on Wikipedia as anything more than a lark. This is evident in Sanger's flip announcement of Wikipedia to the Nupedia discussion list. "Humor me", he wrote. "Go there and add a little article. It will take all of five or ten minutes". And, to Sanger's surprise, go they did. Within a few days, Wikipedia outstripped Nupedia in terms of quantity, if not quality, and a small community developed. In late January, Sanger created a Wikipedia discussion list (Wikipedia-L) to facilitate discussion of the project.</ref><ref name=":3">Sidener, Jonathan (December 6, 2004). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090221005820/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html Everyone's Encyclopedia]". ''[[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]''. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html the original] on February 21, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref><ref name=":4">Sanger, Larry (April 18, 2005). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part] I". Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 the original] on July 22, 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95 "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II".] [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]]. April 19, 2005. Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95 the original] on November 8, 2006. My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.</ref>Nupedia e ne ya tlhongwa mo tirisong ya baithaopi ba ba tshwanelegang le thulaganyo ya go [[:en:Peer_review|sekaseka balekane]] e e nang le dikgato di le dintsi.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Business Horizons, Volume 57 Issue 5, pp. 617–626</ref> Le fa e ne e na le lenaane la barulaganyi ba ba kgatlhegang ba ba fetang dikete tse pedi, le go nna teng ga ga Sanger jaaka morulaganyi-mogolo wa nako e e tletseng,<ref>"[[m:My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger Archived] from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023. I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.</ref> go tlhagisiwa ga diteng tsa Nupedia go ne go le bonya thata, ka dipego di le lesome le bobedi fela tse di kwadilweng mo ngwageng wa ntlha.<ref name=":4" /> Ba-Nupedia ba ne ba tlotla ka ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tlhama diteng ka bonako.<ref name=":3" /> Di-wiki di ne di dirisitswe gongwe mo boranyaneng go rulaganya kitso,<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html "From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition]". ''Chicago Tribune''. January 12, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> mme kgopolo ya tlaleletso e e theilweng mo di-[[:en:Wiki|wiki]] mo Nupedia e ne ya tlholwa ke motlotlo magareng ga Sanger le Ben Kovitz,<ref name=":5">"[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Ben Kovitz]". [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070404030625/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Archived] from the original on April 4, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – see also Ben Kovitz' fuller account which he links from there.</ref><ref name=":6">Moody, Glyn (July 13, 2006). [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia "This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts"]. The Guardian. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070222023201/http://technology.guardian.co.uk/weekly/story/0,,1818630,00.html Archived] from the original on February 22, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – While casting around for a way to speed up article production, Sanger met with Kovitz, an old friend, in January 2001. Kovitz introduced Sanger to the idea of the wiki, invented in 1995 by Ward Cunningham: web pages that anyone could write and edit. "My first reaction was that this really could be what would solve the problem," Sanger explains, "because the software was already written, and this community of people on WikiWikiWeb" – the first wiki – "had created something like 14,000 pages". Nupedia, by contrast, had produced barely two dozen articles. Sanger took up the idea immediately: "I wrote up a proposal and sent it [to Wales] that evening, and the wiki was then set up for me to work on." But this was not Wikipedia as we know it. "Originally it was the Nupedia Wiki – our idea was to use it as an article incubator for Nupedia. Articles could begin life on this wiki, be developed collaboratively and, when they got to a certain stage of development, be put into the Nupedia system."</ref><ref name=":7">Sidener, Jonathan (September 23, 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017041126/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html "Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy]". [[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html the original] on October 17, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.</ref> le ke o mongwe magareng ga Wales le Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name=":5" /> Kovitz e ne e le motlhami wa diporokeramo tsa khomphiutha mme a nna mo wiki ya ga [[:en:Ward_Cunningham|Ward Cunningham]] e e fetolang wiki go nna "[[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]". O ne a tlhalosetsa Sanger gore di-wiki ke eng, fa ba ne ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 The Hive"]. [[:en:The_Atlantic_Monthly|The Atlantic Monthly]]. p. 3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 Archived] from the original on November 10, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – "Over tacos that night, Sanger explained his concerns about Nupedia's lack of progress, the root cause of which was its serial editorial system. As Nupedia was then structured, no stage of the editorial process could proceed before the previous stage was completed. Kovitz brought up the wiki and sketched out 'wiki magic,' the mysterious process by which communities with common interests work to improve wiki pages by incremental contributions. If it worked for the rambunctious hacker culture of programming, Kovitz said, it could work for any online collaborative project. The wiki could break the Nupedia bottleneck by permitting volunteers to work simultaneously all over the project. With Kovitz in tow, Sanger rushed back to his apartment and called Wales to share the idea. Over the next few days, he wrote a formal proposal for Wales and started a page on Cunningham's wiki called 'Wikipedia.'"</ref>Wales o ne a bolela ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2001 gore "Larry o ne a na le mogopolo wa go dirisa maranyane a sesupa ditlhaka sa Wiki" mo bathong ba ba neng ba boregile ka thulaganyo ya Nupedia,<ref>Wales, Jimmy (October 30, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20140620072830/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html LinkBacks]?". Wikimedia. Archived from [[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|the original]] (Email) on June 20, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref> mme moragonyana a bolela ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2005 gore Rosenfeld o ne a mo itsise kgopolo ya wiki.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness]". [[:en:Wired_News|Wired News]]. May 3, 2007. Archived from [https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium the original] on March 28, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2007. Wired.com states: "Wales offered the following on-the-record comment in an e-mail to NewAssignment.net editor [and NYU Professor] [[:en:Jay_Rosen|Jay Rosen]] ...' Larry Sanger was my employee working under my direct supervision during the entire process of launching Wikipedia. He was not the originator of the proposal to use a wiki for the encyclopedia project – that was Jeremy Rosenfeld'."</ref> Sanger o ne a akanya gore wiki e tla nna polatefomo e e siameng go e dirisa, mme a tshitshinya mo lenaaneng la go romela la Nupedia gore wiki e e theilweng mo UseModWiki (ka nako eo v. 0.90)e tlhomiwe jaaka lenaneo la "mojesi" ya Nupedia. Ka fa tlase ga setlhogo sa "A re direng wiki", o ne a kwala jaana:<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html Let's make a wiki]". Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Nnyaa, se ga se tshitshinyo e e sa tshwanelang. Ke kakanyo ya go tsenya karolo e nnye mo Nupedia. Jimmy Wales o akanya gore batho ba le bantsi ba ka nna ba fitlhela kgopolo eno e sa amogelesege, mme nna ga ke akanye jalo... Fa e le ka tiriso ya wiki ya Nupedia, eno ke thulaganyo ya BOFELO e e "bulegileng" le e e motlhofo ya go tlhama diteng. Re kile ra buisana gangwe le gape ka megopolo ya diporojeke tse di bonolo, tse di bulegileng thata, tse di ka emelang kgotsa tsa tlaleletsa Nupedia. Go lebega mo go nna gore diwiki di ka dirisiwa ka bonako thata, di tlhoka tlhokomelo e nnye fela, mme ka kakaretso ga di na kotsi e kgolo. Gape di ka nna motswedi o mogolo wa diteng. Ka jalo, ga go na mathata a magolo a a ka nnang teng, go ya ka kafa ke bonang ka teng. Wales e ne ya tlhoma e le nngwe mme ya e tsenya mo maranyaneng ka Laboraro wa kgwedi ya Ferikgong etlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001, ka fa tlase ga karolo ya nupedia.com.<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html Nupedia's wiki: try it out".] Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003.</ref> Se se ne sa sutela kwa wiki e ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga karolo ya wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgonge tlhola malatsia a le lesome le botlhano. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa, lenaneo la [[:en:GNUPedia|GNUPedia]] la [[:en:Free_Software_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Mananeo a disupa ditlhaka a Mahala]] (FSF) e ne ya tsena mo maranyaneng, e e neng e ka nna ya gaisana le [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]],<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603 Slashdot Comments | GNUPedia Project Starting]". Slashdot.org. January 17, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990 Archived] from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme mo dingwageng di le mmalwa FSF e ne ya rotloetsa batho "go etela le go tsenya letsogo mo [Wikipedia]" boemong jwa seo.<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ "The Free Encyclopedia Project]". GNU.org. 2012 [1999]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ Archived] from the original on December 21, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2012.</ref> === Go tlhongwa ga Wikipedia === ''Bona gape: [[:en:First_Wikipedia_edit|Tseleganyo ya ntlha ya Wikipedia]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia's_oldest_articles|Wikipedia:Ditlhogo tsa bogologolo tsa Wikipedia]], le [[:en:Wikipedia:First_100_pages|Wikipedia:Ditsebe tsa ntlha di le]]'' ''[[:en:Wikipedia:First_100_pages|lekgolo]]'' Go ne go na le go okaoka mo gare ga barulaganyi ka go bofa Nupedia gaufi thata le kelelo ya tiro ya mofuta wa wiki.<ref name=":4" /> Morago ga gore wiki ya Nupedia e thankgololwe ka fa tlase ga nupedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html "&#x5B;Nupedia-l&#x5D; Nupedia's wiki: try it out"]. April 25, 2003. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> Wales e ne ya akantshanya go simolola lenaneo le le ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga leina la yone, mme Sanger o ne a akantshanya ''Wikipedia'', a e tlhama jaaka "lenaneo la tlaleletso ya Nupedia e e dirang e e ikemetseng ka nosi gotlhelele."<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 11, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html <nowiki>Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki</nowiki>]..." Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Wiki e ntšhwa e ne ya simololwa kwa wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001. [[:en:Bandwidth_(computing)|Bophara jwa bogolo jwa kgokaganyo ya maranyane]] le [[:en:Server_(computing)|tsamaiso e e bolokang tshedimosetso]] (e e kwa San Diego) tse di dirisitsweng mo mananeong ao a ntlha di ne tsa neelwa ke Bomis. Badiri ba le bantsi ba pele ba Bomis moragonyana ba ne ba ntsha diteng tsa ensaetlopedia: segolobogolo [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]], motlhami-mmogo le moragonyana Mokhuduthamaga wa Bomis, le motlhami wa dithulaganyo Jason Richey. [[Setshwantsho:Jimmy Wales' Mac and the First Wikipedia Edit — "Hello World" (51738433963).jpg|thumb|iMac ya ga Jimmy Wales e ne e dirisiwa go dira tseleganyo ya ntlha mo Wikipedia]] Wales o boletse ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2008 gore o dirile tseleganyo ya ntlha ya Wikipedia, tseleganyo ya teko e e nang le mokwalo o o reng "[[:en:"Hello,_World!"_program|Dumela, Lefatshe]]!", mme se e ka tswa e ne e le mo mofuteng wa bogologolo wa Wikipedia o ka bonako morago ga moo o neng wa phimolwa mme wa emisediwa ka go simolola gape.<ref>Message by Jimmy Wales {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412003535/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&diff=prev&oldid=258632986|date=12 April 2016}} Wednesday 17 December 2008. Retrieved Saturday 30 January 2010.</ref><ref>Starling, Tim (January 14, 2011). "[[mailarchive:wikien-l/2011-January/108198.html|Hello world]]?". ''WikiEN-l'' (Mailing list). Retrieved June 4, 2022.</ref>Tseleganyo ya ntlha e e neng ya boela mo Wikipedia.com e ne e le ya Tsebe ya Gae ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, e e neng e balega jaana "E ke Wikipedia e ntšhwa!"; e ka bonwa [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/908493298|fa]].<ref>Wikipedia's earliest edits were once believed lost, as early [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] software deleted data after a month. But on 14 December 2010, [[:en:Tim_Starling|Tim Starling]] found backups on [[:en:SourceForge|SourceForge]] containing every change made to Wikipedia from its creation in January 2001 to 17 August 2001. As of 2019, these were imported into Wikipedia's edit history. Before that, the first edits that had been known were to [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/291430|Wikipedia:UuU]], [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/286342|TransporT]], and [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/11992008|User:ScottMoonen]] on 16 January 2001.</ref> Go nna teng ga lenaneo go ne ga itsisiwe semmuso mme boikuelo jwa gore baithaopi ba nne le seabe mo go tlhameng diteng bo ne jwa dirwa kwa lenaaneng la go romela ka poso la Nupedia ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html <nowiki>"[Nupedia-l] Wikipedia is up!</nowiki>]". March 31, 2003. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html the original] on March 31, 2003. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Lenaneo le ne la amogela batsayakarolo ba le bantsi ba bašwa morago ga go umakiwa mo lefelong ya maranyane le le naleng tshedimosetso ya [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Britannica and Free Content]". Slashdot. July 26, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Archived] from the original on January 14, 2009.</ref> e setse e umakilwe gabedi ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwo ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99 "Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer]". Slashdot. March 5, 2001.</ref><ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95 "Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes]". Slashdot. March 29, 2001.</ref> Morago ga moo e ne ya amogela tshupo e e tlhageletseng ya kgang mo lefelong ya maranyane le le naleng tshedimosetso le setso e e rulagantsweng ke baagi ya Kuro5hin, e e rulaganngwang ke setšhaba, e e buang ka maranyane le setso, ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 "Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias]". Kuro5hin. July 25, 2001. Archived from [http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 the original] on November 7, 2001.</ref> Fa gare ga go tsena moo ga batho ba le bantsi, go ne go ntse go na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba tla go tswa kwa metsweding e mengwe, segolobogolo Google, e e neng e romela makgolokgolo a baeng ba basha mo lefelong e e le nosi letsatsi le letsatsi. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Kgaso ya yone]] [[:en:Mainstream_media|ya bobegakgang]] ya ntlha e kgolo e ne e le mo [[:en:The_New_York_Times|''The New York Times'']] ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>Meyers, Peter (September 20, 2001). [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html "Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You]". The New York Times. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090415232001/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html Archived] from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> === Dikgaogano le go dira gore dilo di nne tsa boditšhabatšhaba === Kwa tshimologong ya tlhabololo ya Wikipedia, e ne ya simolola go atologa kwa mafatsheng a mangwe, ka go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Namespace|mafelo a masha a maina]], lengwe le lengwe le na le setlhopa se se farologaneng sa [[:en:Username|maina a badirisi]]. [[:en:Subdomain|Karolopotlana]] ya ntlha e e tlhametsweng Wikipedia e e seng ya Seesemane e ne e le [[:en:German_Wikipedia|deutsche.wikipedia.com]] (e e tlhamilweng ka Labotlhano kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa 2001, mo nakong ya oura e le nngwe le metsotso e le masome a mararo le borobedi kwa morago ga nako ya UTC),<ref>"[[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|Alternative language Wikipedias]]". Lists. Wikimedia. March 15, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html Archived] from the original on June 20, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme morago ga dioura di le mmalwa ya latelwa ke [[:en:Catalan_Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]] (ka oura ya lesome le boraro le metsotso e le supa mo nakong ya UTC).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage "History of the Catalan Homepage]". Wikipedia. Archived from [https://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage the original] on April 13, 2001. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> [[:en:Japanese_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sejapane]], e e simolotseng e le nihongo.wikipedia.com, e ne ya tlhamiwa mo pakeng eo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 "Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage]". April 20, 2001. Archived from [https://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 the original] on April 20, 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/ Wikipedia: HomePage]". March 31, 2001. Archived from [https://www.wikipedia.com/ the original] on March 31, 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref>mme kwa tshimologong e ne e dirisa fela [[:en:Romanization_of_Japanese|Sejapane se se fetotsweng sa Seroma]]. Mo dikgweding di ka nna pedi Se-Catalan e ne e le sone se se nang le dipego tse dintsi ka puo e e seng ya Seesemane,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)|Multilingual monthly statistics]]</ref><ref>[https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1 "First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia]" (in Catalan). Wikipedia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac Archived] from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> le fa dipalopalo tsa nako eo ya ntlha di sa nepagala.<ref>This [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)&oldid=192353617 table] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221921/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AMultilingual_monthly_statistics_%282001%29&oldid=192353617 Archived] 22 February 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], for instance, misses Japanese and German articles such as [https://web.archive.org/web/20010421123743/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nihongo_no_funimekusu this one] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20010411030440/http://deutsche.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nupedia_Deutsch-L_Sektion this one], both dated 6 April 2001.</ref> Wikipedia ya Sefora e tlhamilwe ka kgotsa mo e ka nnang ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome lebongwe ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>The [https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Documentation on the French Wikipedia] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210608194149/https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Archived] 8 June 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] mentions the date of 23 March 2001, but this date is not supported by Wikipedia snapshots on the [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nor by Jason Richey's letter, which was dated 11 May 2001 (see below).</ref> ka lekhubu la diphetolelo tse dišwa tsa puo tse gape di neng di akaretsa [[:en:Chinese_Wikipedia|Setšhaena]], [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Sedatšhe]], [[:en:Esperanto_Wikipedia|Seeseperanto]], [[:en:Hebrew_Wikipedia|Sehebera]], [[:en:Italian_Wikipedia|Sentadiana]], [[:en:Portuguese_Wikipedia|Sepotokisi]], [[:en:Russian_Wikipedia|Serussia]], [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Sepanishe]], le [[:en:Swedish_Wikipedia|Sesweden]].<ref>[[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html|Letter of Jason Richey to wikipedia-l mailing list]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620081721/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html Archived] 20 June 2014 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] 11 May 2001</ref> Go ise go ye kae dipuo tseno di ne tsa kopanngwa ke [[:en:Arabic_Wikipedia|Searabia]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage "Homepage from the Internet Archive"]. Wikipedia. Archived from [https://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage the original] on November 18, 2001. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> le [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Sehungary]].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Announcements]] May 2001</ref><ref>"[https://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history International Wikipedia]". Wikipedia. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 2001, kitsiso e ne ya solofetsa go ineela mo tlamelong ya dipuo tse dintsi ya Wikipedia,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Announcements_2001#September_2001|Wikipedia:Announcements 2001]]</ref> e itsise badirisi ka go phatlaldiwa gmo go tlang ga Wikipedias ya dipuo tsotlhe tse dikgolo, go tlhongwa ga maemo a konokono, le go kgaratlhela thanolo ya ditsebe tsa konokono tsa wiki tsa ditsebe tse dišwa tsa wiki. Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga oo, fa dipalopalo tsa boditšhabatšhaba di ne di simolola go kwalwa la ntlha, go ne ga itsisiwe diphetolelo tsa [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Seaforikanse]], [[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Senorway]] le [[:en:Serbian_Wikipedia|Seserbia]].<ref>"[https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics International Wikipedias statistics]". [https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics Wikipedia]. Archived from the original on March 5, 2003. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2002, karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia di ne di le ka Seesemane. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2004, batho ba ba kwa tlase ga karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong e ne e le Baesemane, mme go dira gore batho ba nne ba boditšhabatšhaba gono go tsweletse go oketsega fa ensaetlopedia e e ntse e gola. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2014, mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a borobabobedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia di ne di le mo mefuteng ya Wikipedia e e seng ya Seesemane.<ref>"[[m:List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)]]". Wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total Archived] from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2014.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2023, Di-Wikipedia tsa Seesemane le tsa Seesemane se se motlhofo di na le dipego di le didikadike di le di le supa fa gare ga tsone, mme mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dipego di ne di le mo di-Wikipedia tse e seng tsa Seesemane.<ref>[[m:List_of_Wikipedias|"List of Wikipedias – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> === Tlhabololo ya Wikipedia === Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2002, morago ga go gogelwa morago ga matlole ke Bomis ka nako ya go [[:en:Dot-com_bubble|phutlhama ga dot-com]], Sanger o ne a tlogela Nupedia le Wikipedia ka bobedi.<ref>Schiff, Stacy (July 31, 2006). "[https://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact Know It All]". [[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20081122125817/http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact Archived] from the original on November 22, 2008. Retrieved April 25, 2009.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2002, ene le Wales ba ne ba sa tshwane ka dikgopolo tsa bone tsa gore ba ka laola jang diensaetlopedia tse di bulegileng sentle. Bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba sa ntse ba tshegetsa kgopolo ya tirisanommogo e e bulegileng, mme ba ne ba sa dumalane ka gore ba ka tshwara jang barulaganyi ba ba kgoreletsang, dikarolo tse di rileng tsa baitseanape, le tsela e e molemolemo ya go kaela porojeke gore e atlege. Wales o ne a tswelela go tlhoma go ipusa le go ikaela [[:en:Business_development|go tswa kwa tlase go ya kwa godimo]] ke barulaganyi mo Wikipedia. O ne a tlhalosa sentle gore ga a kitla a nna le seabe mo tsamaisong ya letsatsi le letsatsi ya morafe, mme o tlaa o rotloetsa go ithuta go itaola le go ipatlela mekgwa e e gaisang. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2007, Wales e ne ya lekanyetsa seabe sa gagwe thata go ntsha ditshwaelo tsa nako le nako mo dikgannyeng tse di masisi, tiro ya bokhuduthamaga, go buelela kitso, le go rotloetsa diporojeke tse di tshwanang tsa ditshupiso. Sanger o rile ke "moakaretsi" mme o bulegile mo e ka nnang sengwe le sengwe,<ref>Anderson, Nate (February 25, 2007). [https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3 "Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia"]. Ars Technica. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3 Archived] from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2011.</ref> mme a tshitshinya gore baitseanape ba santse ba na le lefelo mo lefatsheng la [[:en:Web_2.0|Web 2.0.]] Ka ngwaga wa 2006 o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e bulegileng e e neng e dirisa maina a mmatota a batsayakarolo go fokotsa go tseleganya go go kgoreletsang, mme a solofela go tlhofofatsa "kaelo e e bonolo ya baitseanape" go oketsa go nepagala ga diteng tsa yone. Ditshwetso ka ga diteng tsa pego di ne di tshwanetse go nna mo diatleng tsa baagi, mme lefelo le ne le tshwanetse go akaretsa polelo ka ga "diteng tse di siametseng lelapa".<ref>[http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy "Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium]". en.citizendium.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy Archived] from the original on November 20, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>Anderson, Nate (February 25, 2007). [https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars "Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia"]. Ars Technica. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars Archived] from the original on March 24, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref> === Diteng tsa nako e e fetileng tsa Wikipedia === Dipego tsa bogologolo, le tse di sa tlholeng di dirisiwa, tsa ensaetlopedia di botlhokwa thata mo dipatlisisong tsa ditso .<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/ Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic]". [[:en:The_Atlantic|The Atlantic]]. January 26, 2021. Archived from [https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/ the original] on January 26, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</ref> Mo pegong nngwe le nngwe ya Wikipedia, mefuta e e fetileng e ka fitlhelelwa ka kgokagano ya "Leba ditso" e e kwa godimo ga tsebe. Ditso tse di feletseng tsa dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia le tsone di ka laisololwa jaaka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|dithotobolo tsa tshedimosetso]], ka sebopego sa difaele tsa [[:en:XML|XML]] tse di gateletsweng.<ref>Koehrsen, Will (October 26, 2018). [https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c "Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia"]. ''Towards Data Science''. Retrieved February 4, 2025.</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, Polokelo ya Faele ya ZIM,<ref name=":8">[[iarchive:zimarchive|"ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming]]". Internet Archive. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</ref> kwa [[:en:Internet_Archive|Polokelong ya Maranyane]], e na le dinepe tse di feletseng tsa nako e e fetileng tsa Wikipedia mmogo le ditlhopho tsa dipego, ka dipuo tse dintsi, go tswa mo dingwageng tse di farologaneng. Di ka bulwa ka mananeo a maranyane a [[:en:Kiwix|Kiwix]]. Magareng ga dingwaga tsa 2007 le 2011, go ne ga gololwa [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|mefuta e meraro ya]] [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|polokelo ya CD/DVD]] (e e bidiwang Mofuta wa Wikipedia 0.5, 0.7 le 0.8) e e nang le tlhopho ya dipego go tswa mo [[:en:English_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Seesemane]]. Di ne tsa nna teng jaaka difaele tsa Kiwix ZIM, go tswa mo Polokelong ya Difaele tsa ZIM<ref name=":8" /> le go tswa mo lefelong la go laisolola ya Kiwix.[70] === Phetogo ya letshwao === == Molanako == ''Dipego tse di sobokanyang ngwaga le ngwaga di tshwarwa mo teng ga lefelo la maina a lenaneo la Wikipedia mme di golaganngwa le tse di fa tlase. Didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa patlisiso di teng mo teng ga dipalo le dipolokelo tsa Wikipedia, mme di kwadilwe kwa bokhutlong jwa pego eo.'' === Ngwagasome wa ntlha: Ngwaga wa 2000 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2009 === ==== Ngwaga wa 2000 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|thumb|Babereki ba Bomis magareng ga dingwaga tsa 2000]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2000, lenaneo la [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] le ne la simololwa. Maikaelelo a yone e ne e le go gatisa dipego tse di kwadilweng ke baitseanape tse di neng di tla fiwa tetla jaaka [[:en:Free_content|diteng tsa mahala]]. Nupedia e tlhomilwe ke Wales, a nale Sanger e le morulaganyi-mogolo, mme e tshegeditswe ka matlole ke kompone ya papatso ya boranyane ya [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]].<ref>Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ The Hive]". [[:en:The_Atlantic|The Atlantic]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061223004004/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia Archived] from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved January 1, 2007.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2001 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2001, Wikipedia e ne ya simolola e le lenaneo le le kwa thoko ya Nupedia, go letla tirisanommogo mo dipegong pele ga go tsena mo thulaganyong ya tshekatsheko ya balekane.<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html Let's make a wiki"]. Nupedia-l mailing list. Internet Archive. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Leina le le ne la ntshiwa e le kakanyo ke Sanger ka la bo kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le le lesome le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2001 jaaka [[:en:Portmanteau|kopano ya mafoko]] ''[[:en:Wiki|wiki]]'' ([[:en:Hawaiian_language|Sehawaiian]] a a kayang "bofefo") le ''ensaetlopedia''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html <nowiki>"[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki</nowiki>]..." nupedia.com. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Maina a kgolagano ya karolo a ''wikipedia.com'' le ''wikipedia.org'' a ne a kwadisiwa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bobedi <ref>[[:en:Network_Solutions|Network Solutions]] (2007) [http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.com WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.com from Network Solutions] Archived 27 September 2007 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Retrieved 27 July 2007.</ref> le a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro,<ref>[[:en:Network_Solutions|Network Solutions]] (2007). [http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.org "WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.org from Network Solutions] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194913/http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.org Archived] 27 September 2007 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]". Retrieved 27 July 2007.</ref> ka go latelana, mme ''wikipedia.org'' e ne ya tsenngwa mo maranyaneng ka lone letsatsi leo.<ref>[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Wikipedia.org Site Info]". [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Archived] from the original on October 6, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2010.</ref> Lenaneo le ne la bulwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Letsatsi la Wikipedia"]]), ka di-Wikipedia tsa ntlha tsa boditšhabatšhaba – dikgatiso tsa Sejeremane, [[:en:Catalan_language|Se-Catalan]], Sefora, [[:en:Swedish_language|Se-Sweden]], le Se-italia– tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa fa gare ga dikgwedi tsa Mopitlo le Motsheganong. Melawana ya "ntlha ya pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore" ([[:en:Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view|NPOV]]) e ne ya tlhamiwa semmuso ka nako eno, mme lekhubu la ntlha la Wikipedia la [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter]] le ne la goroga ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le maosme a mabedi le borataro.<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Britannica and Free Content]". Slashdot. July 26, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Archived] from the original on January 14, 2009.</ref> Pegelo ya ntlha ya bobegakgang ka ga Wikipedia e ne ya tlhagelela ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga 2001 mo mokwalong wa dikgang ywa [[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|''Wales ka Sontaga'']].<ref>[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]] (26 August 2001) Knowledge at your fingertips. Game On: Internet Chat.(writing, "Both Encarta and Britannica are official publications with well-deserved reputations. But there are other options, such as homemade encyclopaedias. One is Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.com) which uses clever software to build an encyclopaedia from scratch. Wiki is software installed on a web server that allows anyone to edit any of the pages. On Wikipedia, anyone can write about any subject they know about. The idea is that over time, enough experts will offer their knowledge for free and build up the world's ultimate hand-built database of knowledge. The disadvantage is that it's still an ongoing project. So far about 8,000 articles have been written and the editors are aiming for 100,000.")</ref> [[:en:September_11_attacks|Ditlhaselo tsa kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe]] di ne tsa dira gore go tlhagelele dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo tsebeng ya gae, mmogo le mabokoso a tshedimosetso a a golaganyang dipego tse di amanang le tsone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011010233257/http://www.wikipedia.com/ October 2001 homepage screenshot] shows the "Breaking News" header up top, as well as 11 September 2001 block of articles under "Current events"; the [https://web.archive.org/web/20011010230439/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/September_11%2C_2001_Terrorist_Attack 9/11] page shows the activist nature of the page, as well as the large number of subtopics created to cover the event.</ref> Ka nako eo, go ne go setse go tlhamilwe dipego di ka nna lekgolo tse di amanang le 9/11 .<ref>Keegan, Brian (November 17, 2020). [https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html "How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today]". Slate. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html Archived] from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2021.</ref> Morago ga ditlhaselo tsa kgwedi ya Lwetse a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe, go ne ga tlhaga kgokagano ya setlhogo sa Wikipedia se se buang ka ditlhaselo tseno mo [[:en:Yahoo!|Yahoo!]] tsebe ya gae, mme seno sa felela ka gore go nne le koketsego ya pharakano.<ref>Pasternack, Alex (September 11, 2021). [https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page "How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page".] Fast Company. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page Archived] from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2021.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2002 ==== Ngwaga wa 2002 e ne ya bona go fokodiwa ga matlole a Wikipedia go tswa go [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]] le go tsamaya ga ga Sanger. Go ne ga nna le go [[:en:Fork_(software_development)|kgaogana]] ga [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sepanishe]], ka go tlhongwa ga [[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|''Encyclopedia Libre'']]. Jimmy Wales o netefaditse gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e tsamaisa papatso ya kgwebo. Maranyane a sesupaditshwantsho a ntlha a a rwalegang a [[:en:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] a ne a simolola go dira ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsia le masome a matlhano. Go ne ga tlhagisiwa diroboto. Lenaneo la ntlha la kgaitsadi ([[:en:Wiktionary|Wiktionary]]) le [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Bukana ya]] [[:en:Manual_of_Style|mokgwa]] ya ntlha ya semmuso di ne tsa thankgololwa. Batshwaedi ba ka nna makgolo a mabedi ba ne ba tseleganya Wikipedia letsatsi le letsatsi.<ref>Singer, Michael (January 16, 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20030316082912/http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641 "Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One]". [[:en:Mecklermedia|''Jupitermedia'']]. Archived from [http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641 the original] on March 16, 2003.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2003 ==== [[Setshwantsho:2003-08-31 English Wikipedia main page.svg|thumb|Tsebekgolo ya Wikipedia (kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2003)]] Wikipedia ya Seesemane e fetile dipego di le dikete tse lekgolo ka ngwaga wa 2003, fa kgatiso e e latelang e kgolo go gaisa, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane, e fetile di le dikete tse lesome. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] o ne wa tlhongwa. Wikipedia e amogetse letshwao la yone la lefatshe la jigsaw. Difomula tsa dipalo tse di dirisang [[:en:TeX|TeX]] di ne tsa tsenngwa gape mo lefelong la tshedimosetse. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Kopano ya ntlha ya loago ya Wikipedia]] e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa lefelong la [[:en:Munich|Munich]], kwa lefatsheng la Germany, ka Phalane. Melaometheo ya motheo ya tsamaiso ya [[:en:Wikipedia:ArbCom|Katlholo le komiti ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane]] ("ArbCom") e ne ya tlhamiwa. [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] e ne ya tlhamiwa jaaka lenaneo le le farologaneng ka kgwedi ya Ngwanaitseele a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa 2003, go amogela metswedi ya mahala ya mafoko jaaka maikaelelo a yone mo dipuong tse dintsi le dithanolo. ==== Ngwaga wa 2004 ==== Letamo la dipego tsa Wikipedia lefatshe ka bophara le ne la tswelela go gola ka bonako ka ngwaga wa 2004, la menagana gabedi ka bogolo mo dikgweding di le lesome le bobedi, go tswa mo dipegong tse di ka fa tlase ga dikete tse makgolo a matlhano kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2003 go ya ko go tse di fetang sedikadike se le sengwe ka dipuo tse di fetang lekgolo kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2004. Dipego tsa Seesemane fela tsa Wikipedia tse di ne tsa dira gore go nne le dipego tse di ka fa tlase ga dikete tse makgolo a matlhano. Dipolase tsa disefara tsa lefelo la tshedimosetso di ne tsa fudusiwa go tswa kwa California go ya kwa Florida. [[:en:Wikipedia:Categories|Ditlhopha]] le dipampiri tsa thulaganyo ya mokgwa wa [[:en:CSS|CSS]] di ne tsa tlhagisiwa. Maiteko a ntlha a go thibela Wikipedia a ne a diragala, ka lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la thibelwa kwa China dibeke di le pedi ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo. Ditlhopho tsa semmuso di ne tsa simolola tsa boto ya mokgatlho, le Komiti ya Katlholo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane. Kgaolo ya ntlha ya bosetšhaba ya Motheo, e leng [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]], e ne ya amogelwa. Kopano, ya ntlha ya loago kwa United States e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa [[:en:Boston|Boston]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Boston1|ka kgwedi ya Phukwi]]. [[:en:Wikimedia_Commons|Wikimedia Commons]] e tlhamilwe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola letsatsi le supa ka ngwaga wa 2004 go amogela difaele tsa media tsa Wikipedia ka dipuo tsotlhe. Bourgeois v. Peters,<ref name=":9">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf 387 F.3d 1303]" (PDF). Archived from [http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf the original] (PDF) on December 21, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2013.</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), tsheko ya kgotlatshekelo e e neng ya swetswa ke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo ya United States ya Potologo ya Bolesome le bongwe]] e ne e le nngwe ya dikgopolo tsa ntlha tsa kgotlatshekelo go nopola le go nopola Wikipedia.<ref>Peoples, Lee (January 2010). [http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt "The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions]". Yale Journal of Law and Technology. 12 (1). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150224051512/http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt Archived] from the original on February 24, 2015.</ref> E ne ya bolela jaana: "Gape re gana kgopolo ya gore maemo a kgakololo ya matshosetsi a Lephata la Tshireletso ya Naga ka tsela nngwe a siametse dipatlisiso tseno. Le fa maemo a matshosetsi a ne a 'tlhatlositswe' ka nako ya boipelaetso, 'go fitlha ga jaana, maemo a matshosetsi a ntse a le mo mmala o mosetlha (a tlhatlositswe) go ya go mmala wa lamune mo bontsing jwa nako e e fetileng. makgetlo a le mantsi.'"<ref name=":9" /> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, Wikipedia e ne ya fetola letlalo la yone la thulaganyetsoruri go tswa go [[mw:Skin:Standard|Tlwaelo]] go ya go [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], segokaganyi se se neng sa nna sa thulaganyo ya ruri mo mafelong a tshedimosetso a Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref>"[[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]]". MediaWiki. Retrieved April 30, 2026.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2005 ==== Ka ngwaga wa 2005, Wikipedia e ne ya nna lefelo la tshedimosetso le le ratiwang thata ya ditshupiso mo maranyaneng, go ya ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], ka Wikipedia ya Seesemane e le nosi e e fetang dipego di le dikete di le makgolo a supa le botlhano. Dikgoro tsa ntlha tsa Wikipedia tsa dipuo tse dintsi le tsa dirutwa di ne tsa tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 2005. Kokoanyo ya semmuso ya madi e e neng ya tshwarwa mo kotareng ya ntlha ya ngwaga e ne ya kokoanya mo e ka nnang di dolara tsa lefatshe la Amerika di le dikete tse lekgolo ya go tlhabolola tsamaiso go samagana le tlhokego e e golang. China e ne ya thibela Wikipedia gape ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa 2005. Matlhabisaditlhong a ntlha a magolo a Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|tiragalo ya ga Seigenthaler]], a diragetse ka ngwaga wa 2005 fa go ne go fitlhelwa gore motho yo o itsegeng thata o na le mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho jo bo sentsweng jo bo neng bo sa lemogiwe dikgwedi di le dintsi. Morago ga matshwenyego ano le a mangwe,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons|WP:BLP]] was started on 17 December 2005, with the narrative "I started this due to the Daniel Brandt situation". [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=31753956 Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210609020908/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=31753956 Archived] 9 June 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> go ne ga tlhongwa diphetogo tsa ntlha tsa melawana le tsa tsamaiso tse di neng di diretswe ka tlhamalalo go lwantsha mofuta ono wa kgokgontsho. Tse di ne di akaretsa ntšhwafatso e ntšhwa ya molawana wa tshiamelo ya [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] go thusa mo dipatlisisong tsa [[:en:Sockpuppet_(Internet)|dipopae tsa dikausu]], karolo e ntšhwa e e bidiwang tshireletso ye seng botlalo, molawan o o gagametseng thata wa dibuka tsa botshelo jwa batho ba ba tshelang, le go tshwaya dipego tse di ntseng jalo gore di sekasekwe ka tsela e e gagametseng. Thibelo ya go tlhama dipego tse dišwa go badirisi ba ba kwadisitsweng e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong fela ka kgwedi ya Sedimontholeka ngwaga wa 2005 mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane.<ref>Terdiman, Daniel. "[https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/ Growing pains for Wikipedia"]. CNET. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/ Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Wikimania ya ngwaga wa 2005, e leng bokopano jwa ntlha jwa [[:en:Wikimania|Wikimania]], e ne ya tshwarwa go tloga ka letsatsi la bone go fitlha ka letsatsi la borobabobedi ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2005 kwa ''Haus der Jugend'' kwa [[:en:Frankfurt|Frankfurt]], mme ya ngoka batho ba ka nna makgolo a le mararo le masome a borobabobedi ba ba neng ba le teng. ==== Ngwaga wa 2006 ==== Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona pego ya yone ya bo ikadike, [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|seteišene sa terena sa Jordanhill]], ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo a tlhola letsatsi ,ka ngwaga wa 2006.<ref>Simon, Matt (March 1, 2012). [https://www.wired.com/2012/03/march-1-2006-english-wikipedias-millionth-entry-pulls-into-the-station/https://www.wired.com/2012/03/march-1-2006-english-wikipedias-millionth-entry-pulls-into-the-station/ "March 1, 2006: English Wikipedia's Millionth Entry Pulls Into the Station]". [[:en:Wired_(magazine)|Wired]]. Retrieved April 1, 2024.</ref><ref>Lemon, Sumner (March 2, 2006)[https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html . "Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia"]. [[:en:Computerworld|''Computerworld'']]. Retrieved April 1, 2024.</ref> Tlhopho ya ntlha ya pego ya Wikipedia e e amogetsweng e ne ya dirwa gore e kgone go laisololwa mahala, mme "Wikipedia" e ne ya kwadisiwa jaaka letshwaokgwebo la Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|Matlhabisa ditlhong a]] [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho ya bathusi ba phutego]]– ditiragalo tse dintsi tse mo go tsona badiri ba phutego le motsamaisi wa letsholo ba neng ba tshwarwa ba leka go fetola botshelo jwa motho ya Wikipedia ka ha sephiring – a ne a lemogiwa ke setšhaba, mme se sa dira gore motsamaisi wa letsholo a tlogele tiro. Le fa go ntse jalo, Wikipedia e ne ya tsewa e le nngwe ya matshwaokgwebo a matlhano a a kwa godimo a lefatshe ka bophara a ngwaga wa 2006.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352 "brandchannel.com | branding news]". March 21, 2007. Archived from [http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352 the original] on March 21, 2007. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Jimmy Wales o ne a supa kwa [[:en:Wikimania_2006|Wikimania]] [[:en:Wikimania_2006|wa ngwaga wa 2006]] gore Wikipedia e fitlheletse bogolo jo bo lekaneng mme a kopa gore go gatelelwa boleng, gongwe se se tlhagisitsweng sentle mo pitsong ya [[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|dipego di le dikete tse lekgolo tsa boleng jwa dikarolo]]. Go ne ga tlhamiwa tshiamelo e ntšhwa, "botlhokomedi", e e letlang mefuta e e rileng ya ditsebe tse di bolokilweng tse di nang le diteng tse di sa amogelesegeng go tshwaiwa jaaka tse di sa bonweng. Tshireletso e e seng kalo kgatlhanong le tshenyo e e sa itsiweng, e e neng ya tlhagisiwa ka ngwaga wa 2005, e ne ya itshupa e ratwa thata go feta ka fa go neng go solofetswe ka teng, ka ditsebe di feta dikete tse di neng tsa sirelediwa ka bontlhabongwe ka nako epe fela ka ngwaga wa 2006. ==== Ngwaga wa 2007 ==== Wikipedia e ne ya tswelela go gola ka bonako ka ngwaga wa 2007, e na le diakhaonto tsa barulaganyi tse di kwadisitsweng di feta didikadike di le tlhano ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro.<ref>See the special page: [[:en:Special:Statistics|Special:Statistics]]: 5,078,036 registered user accounts as of 13 August 2007, excluding anonymous editors who have not created accounts.</ref> Dikgatiso tsa dipuo di le makgolo a mabedi le botlhano tsa Wikipedia di ne di na le palogotlhe e e kopantsweng ya dipego di le didikadike di le supa ntlha tlhano e leng palogotlhe ya mafoko a le didikadike di le bongwe ntlha supa le bone, ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a tlhola a malatsi a le lesome le boraro .<ref>Source: [[:en:Wikipedia:Size_comparisons|Wikipedia:Size comparisons]] as of 13 August 2007</ref> Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona dipego ka selekanyo se se tlhomameng sa di le sekete se le sengwe le makgolo a supa ka letsatsi,<ref>From around Q3 2006 Wikipedia's growth rate has been approximately linear, source: [[:en:Wikipedia:Statistics|Wikipedia:Statistics]] – new article count by month 2006–2007.</ref> ka leina la kgolagano ya karolo la wikipedia.org le le mo maemong a bo lesome a a naleng ditiro tse dintsi mo lefatsheng. Wikipedia e ne ya tswelela go bonala [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|mo bobegakgannyeng]] – [[:en:Essjay_controversy|kganetsano ya ga Essjay]] e ne ya runya fa leloko le le tlhageletseng la Wikipedia le ne le fitlhelwa le buile maaka ka dintlha tsa gagwe tsa boitshupo. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e gaisanang ya mo maranyaneng, e ne ya thankgololwa phatlalatsa. Tlwaelo e ntšhwa e ne ya tlhagelela mo Wikipedia, ka ensaetlopedia e e neng e bua le batho ba go itsege ga bone go neng go tswa mo go nneng motsayakarolo mo kgannyeng ya dikgang ka go oketsa kaelo go tswa mo leineng la bone go ya kwa kgannyeng e kgolo, go na le go tlhama pego e e tlhaolegileng ya mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho.[<ref>e.g., cases such as [[:en:Crystal_Mangum|Crystal Mangum]] and Daniel Brandt.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2007, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona pego ya yone ya didikadike di le pedi, [[:en:El_Hormiguero|''El Hormiguero'']].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles"]. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. September 9, 2007. Archived from [[foundationsite:wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|the original]] on July 8, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2012.</ref> Go ne ga nna le kganetsano nngwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2007 fa [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Volapük]] e ne e tlola go tswa ko dipegong di le makgolo a supa, masome a borobabongwe le bosupa go ya go feta dikete tse lekgolo le bongwe le dikete tse pedi, ka bokhutshwane ya nna kgatiso ya bo lesome le botlhano e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya Wikipedia, ka ntlha ya go tlhamiwa ga ditlhogo tse di itirisang ke motlhoafaledi wa puo e e agilweng ya [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]<ref>"[http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252 Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie]". PC World (Polish) (in Polish). December 1, 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131106024950/http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252 Archived] from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</ref><ref>Yves Nevelsteen (September 15, 2007). [http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio "Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio"]. Libera Folio (in Esperanto). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio Archived] from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</ref>. Go ya ka [[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|''MIT Technology Review,'']] palo ya barulaganyi ba ba tlhagafetseng ka bontsi jwa dinako mo Wikipedia ya puo ya Seesemane e ne ya fitlha kwa setlhoeng ka ngwaga wa 2007 go feta dikete tse masome a matlhano le bongwe, mme fa e sa le ka nako eo e ntse e fokotsega.<ref>Simonite, Tom (October 22, 2013). "[https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ The Decline of Wikipedia]". [[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ Archived] from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2020.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang kangwaga wa 2007, go ne ga gatisiwa tokololo ya tlhopho ya pego ya Wikipedia ya Mofuta wa 0.5.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team]", Wikipedia, June 12, 2022, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707222542/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 archived] from the original on July 7, 2022, retrieved June 25, 2022</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2008 ==== Mananeo a a farologaneng a Wiki mo mafelong a le mantsi a ne a tswelela go atolosa le go tokafatsa diteng tsa pego mo teng ga bogolo jwa tsone. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2008, go ne ga tlhamiwa pego ya Wikipedia ya didikadike di le lesome, mme kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya feta dipego di le didikadike di le dikete tse pedi le botlhano. ==== Ngwaga wa 2009 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka oura ya masome a mabedi le bobedi le metsotso e le lesome le botlhano mo nakong ya UTC, morago [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ga loso lwa ga Michael Jackson]], lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la phutlhama ka nakwana. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] o begile gore go ne ga nna le baeng ba ba ka nnang didikadike ba ba neng ba le kwa mokwalong wa botshelo jwa ga Jackson mo lobakeng lwa oura e le nngwe, gongwe e le baeng ba bantsi mo lobakeng lwa oura e le nngwe ba ba neng ba le kwa pegong epe fela mo ditsong tsa Wikipedia. Kwa bokhutlong jwa kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2009, palo ya dipego mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia e ne e fetile didikadike di le lesome le bone .<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)]". Wikimedia.org. Archived from [[stats:EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|the original]] on March 5, 2014.</ref> Setlhogo sa didikadike di le tharo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane, [[:en:Beate_Eriksen|Beate Eriksen]], se tlhamilwe ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka nako ya oura ya bone le metsotso e le metlhano, go ya ka Nako ya Lefatshelotlhe e e Rulagantsweng (UTC).<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-08-17/News_and_notes&oldid=309138115 Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2009-08-17/News and notes"], Wikipedia, August 20, 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20210609111443/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-08-17/News_and_notes&oldid=309138115 archived] from the original on June 9, 2021, retrieved March 16, 2023</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2009, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane e ne ya feta dipego di le sedikadike se le sengwe, mme ya nna kgatiso ya bobedi morago ga Wikipedia ya Seesemane go dira jalo. Setlhogo sa [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']] se ne sa kwala Wikipedia mo gare ga mafelo a tshedimosetso a a gaisang tsa ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1918031_1918016_1917948,00.html Wikipedia – 50 Best Websites 2009]" [https://web.archive.org/web/20111202174857/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1918031_1918016_1917948,00.html Archived] 2 December 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. TIME. 24 August 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2011.</ref> Diteng tsa Wikipedia di ne tsa fiwa tetla ka fa tlase ga tetla ya [[:en:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike|Creative Commons ya go Abelana]] ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>"[[m:Licensing_update/Timeline|Licensing update/Timeline – Meta".]] meta.wikimedia.org. October 30, 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline Archived] from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.</ref> === Ngwagasome wa bobedi: ngwaga wa 2010 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2019 === ==== Ngwaga wa 2010 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a masome a mabedi le bone, ditsamaiso tse di bolokang ditshedimosetso tsa Wikipedia tsa karolo kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe ya Europe di ne tsa tswa mo maranyaneng ka ntlha ya bothata jwa go gotela thata. [[:en:Failover|Go palelwa]] ke ditsamaiso tsa poloko ya tshedimosetso kwa Florida go ne ga itshupa go robegile, ga dira gore tharabololo ya [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] ya Wikipedia e palelwe go ralala lefatshe. Bothata bo ne jwa rarabololwa ka bonako, mme ka ntlha ya ditlamorago tsa go boloka DNS, mafelo mangwe a ne a le bonya go kgona go bona Wikipedia gape go feta a mangwe.<ref>Bergsma, Mark (March 24, 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100327123357/http://techblog.wikimedia.org/2010/03/global-outage-cooling-failure-and-dns/ "Global Outage (cooling failure and DNS)"]. Wikimedia Technical Blog. Archived from [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2010/03/global-outage-cooling-failure-and-dns/ the original] on March 27, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2010.</ref><ref>Perez, Juan Carlos (March 25, 2010). [https://www.pcworld.com/article/192410/wikipedia_suffers_global_collapse.html "Wikipedia Suffers Global Collapse"]. PC World. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100329132858/http://www.pcworld.com/article/192410/wikipedia_suffers_global_collapse.html Archived] from the original on March 29, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganonga tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro, lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la golola sebopego se sesha sa yone. Dikarolo tse disha di ne di akaretsa letshwao le le ntšha, didirisiwa tse di ntšha tsa go tsamaya mo lefelong la tshedimosetso le, le sedirisiwa sa go thusa go tlhama dikgokagano<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch New features]". [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]]. Archived from [[:en:Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|the original]] on August 22, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2010.</ref>. Le fa go ntse jalo, sebopego sa bogologolo se ne sa tswelela se le teng gore se dirisiwe ke ba ba neng ba batla go tswelela ba se dirisa. Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bobedi, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya feta palo ya ditlhogo di le didikadike di le dikete tse tharo le botlhano fa setlhogo sa sedikadike sa ntlha sa Wikipedia ya Sefora se ne sa tlhamiwa ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bongwe. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro, go ne ga dirwa tokafatso ya sedikadike ya ntlha mo mananeong otlhe a Wikimedia. Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2010, go ne ga gatisiwa kgatiso ya Wikipedia Version 0.7, e e neng e na le tlhopho ya dipego.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team"], Wikipedia, June 12, 2022, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707222542/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 archived] from the original on July 7, 2022, retrieved June 25, 2022</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2011 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Nngwe ya dikuku di le mmalwa tse di dirilweng go keteka ngwaga wa bo lesome wa Wikipedia ka ngwaga wa 2011]] Wikipedia le badirisi ba yone ba ne ba tshwara meletlo e le mentsi lefatshe ka bophara go gopola [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ngwaga wa bo]] [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|lesome]] wa lefelo leo ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano.<ref>Wikipedia celebrates a decade of edit wars, controversy, and Internet dominance [http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/011111-wikipedia-decade.html?hpg1=bn networkworld.com] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120315204326/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/011111-wikipedia-decade.html?hpg1=bn Archived] 15 March 2012 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> Lefelo leo le ne la simolola maiteko a go atolosa kgolo ya lone kwa India, mme la tshwara bokopano jwa lone jwa ntlha jwa India kwa Mumbai ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ka ngwaga wa 2011.<ref>Vaidyanathan, Rajini (November 19, 2011). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308 "Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push"]. BBC News. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055525/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308 Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112 "Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India]". Reuters. January 12, 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110114211053/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112 Archived] from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2011.</ref> [[:en:English_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Seesemane]] e fetile letshwao la dipego di le didikadike di le dikete tse tharo le botlhano ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a mabedi, mme ya fitlha go dipego di le dimilione di le 3.8 ka la bo 18 Ngwanaitseele. Ka la bo 7 Ngwanaitseele 2011, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane e ne ya feta diphetogo tsa ditsebe di le dimilione di le 100, mme ya nna kgatiso ya bobedi ya puo go dira jalo morago ga kgatiso ya Seesemane, e e neng ya fitlhelela diphetogo tsa ditsebe di le dimilione di le 500 ka la bo 24 Ngwanaitseele 2011. Wikipedia ya Sedatšhe e ne ya feta diathikele di le milione o le 1 go fitlha ka la bo 17 Sedimonthole12. jalo. Ka di 3 Mopitlwe 2011, go ne ga gatisiwa kgololo ya tlhopho ya athikele ya Wikipedia ya Mofuta wa 0.8.[111] Setempe sa "Wikimania 2011 – Haifa, Iseraele" se ne sa ntshiwa ke Israel Post ka la bo 2 Phatwe 2011. Se e ne e le setempe sa ntlha se se neng se neetswe porojeke e e amanang le Wikimedia. Magareng ga 4 le 6 Diphalane 2011, Wikipedia ya Italy e ne ya nna e e sa fitlhelegeng ka boomo go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le molao o o tshitshintsweng wa Palamente ya Italy wa DDL intercettazioni, o, fa o ka amogelwa, o neng o tla letla motho ope fela go pateletsa diwebosaete go tlosa tshedimosetso e e tsewang e le e e seng boammaaruri kgotsa e e kgopisang, kwantle ga go tlamela1. Gape ka Diphalane 2011, Wikimedia e ne ya itsise go simololwa ga Wikipedia Zero, e leng letsholo la go kgontsha phitlhelelo ya mahala ya difouno tsa selula mo Wikipedia mo dinageng tse di tlhabologang ka tirisanommogo le badirisi ba difouno tsa selula.[113][114] Ka Ferikgong 16, motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia Jimmy Wales o ne a itsise gore Wikipedia ya Seesemane e tla tswalwa diura di le 24 ka Ferikgong 18 jaaka karolo ya boipelaetso jo bo neng bo ikaeletse go bitsa tlhokomelo ya setšhaba mo Molaong o o tshitshintsweng wa go Emisa Borukhutlhi jwa Inthanete le Molao wa PROTECT IP, e leng melao e mebedi e e kgatlhanong le borukhutlhi jwa United States ka fa tlase ga ngangisano. Fa ba bitsa go kgaoga ga motlakase "tshwetso ya baagi", Wales le baganetsi ba bangwe ba melao ba ne ba dumela gore e tla tsenya puo e e gololesegileng le boitshimololedi jwa mo inthaneteng mo kotsing.[115] Go tima ga motlakase go go tshwanang go ne ga dirwa ka la bo 10 Phukwi ke Wikipedia ya Russia, go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le molao o o tshitshintsweng wa taolo ya inthanete ya Russia.[116] Mo bokhutlong jwa Mopitlwe 2012, Wikimedia Deutschland e ne ya itsise ka Wikidata, e leng polatefomo ya lefatshe lotlhe ya go abelana tshedimosetso fa gare ga dikgatiso tsotlhe tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia.[117][118] Porojeke ya Wikidata ya didolara di le dimilione di le 1,7 tsa Amerika e ne e tlamelwa ke Google, Mokgatlho wa Gordon le Betty Moore, le Setheo sa Allen sa Botlhale jwa Maitirelo.[119] Wikimedia Deutschland e ne ya tsaya maikarabelo a kgato ya ntlha ya Wikidata, mme kwa tshimologong e ne e rulagantse go dira gore polatefomo e nne teng mo barulaganying ka Sedimonthole 2012. Kgato ya ntlha ya Wikidata e ne ya simolola go dira ka botlalo ka Mopitlwe 2013.[120][121] [[Setshwantsho:Justin Anthony Knapp (cropped).jpg|thumb|Justin Knapp]] Ka Moranang 2012, Justin Knapp o ne a nna mokwadi wa ntlha a le mongwe go dira diphetogo tse di fetang milione o le mongwe mo Wikipedia.[122][123] Jimmy Wales o ne a akgola Knapp ka tiro ya gagwe mme a mo naya mmentlele o o Kgethegileng wa Barnstar wa lefelo leno le awate ya Golden Wiki ka ntlha ya phitlhelelo ya gagwe.[124] Wales gape e ne ya bolela gore Moranang a le 20 e tla nna "Letsatsi la ga Justin Knapp".[125] Ka la bo 13 Phukwi 2012, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona athikele ya yone ya bo dimilione di le 4, Izbat al-Burj.[126] Ka Diphalane 2012, raditiragalo le morulaganyi wa Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen o ne a ntsha mogopolo wa gore Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne e "gaufi le go wediwa", a tlhokomela gore palo ya barulaganyi ba ba dirang ka metlha e ne e wetse tlase thata fa e sale ka 2007, le fa Wikipedia e ne e gola ka bonako mo palong ya diathikele le mo babading.[12] Go ya ka Inthanete ya Alexa, Wikipedia e ne e le webosaete ya borataro e e tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go tloga ka Ngwanaitseele 2012.[128] Dow Jones e ne ya baya Wikipedia mo maemong a botlhano lefatshe ka bophara go tloga ka Sedimonthole 2012.[129] Ka di 22 Ferikgong 2013, Wikipedia ya Sentadiana e ne ya nna kgatiso ya botlhano ya puo ya Wikipedia go feta diathikele di le milione o le 1, fa Wikipedia ya Se-Russia le ya Sepanishe e ne ya bona diathikele tsa tsone tsa milione ka di 11 le di 16 tsa Motsheganong ka go latelana. Ka la bo 15 Phukwi di-Wikipedia tsa Se-Sweden le ka Lwetse di le 24 tsa Se-Poland di ne tsa bona diathikele tsa tsone tsa bomilione, mme tsa nna dikgatiso tsa borobedi le tsa borobongwe tsa Wikipedia go dira jalo. Ka la bo 27 Ferikgong, asteroid e kgolo ya lebanta 274301 e ne ya bidiwa semmuso "Wikipedia" ke Komiti ya Maina a Mmele o Mennye.[130] Kgato ya ntlha ya polokelotshedimosetso ya Wikidata, e e neng e tlamela ka dikgokagano tsa dipuo tse di farologaneng le tshedimosetso e nngwe ka go itirisa, e ne ya nna teng mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo ka Mopitlwe 2013.[121] Ka Moranang 2013, tirelo ya sephiri ya Fora e ne ya latofadiwa ka go leka go tlhotlhomisa Wikipedia ka go tshosetsa moithaopi wa Wikipedia ka go tshwarwa ntle le fa "tshedimosetso ya sephiri" ka ga seteišene sa radio sa sesole e ka phimolwa.[131] Ka Phukwi, go ne ga simololwa thulaganyo ya go tseleganya ya VisualEditor, e e neng ya bopa kgato ya ntlha ya maiteko a go letla gore diathikele di tseleganngwe ka segokaganyi se se tshwanang le sa porosesara ya mafoko go na le go dirisa tshwao ya wiki.[132] Go ne ga simololwa gape le morulaganyi yo o diretsweng di-smartphone le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa selulafouno.[133] Ka Tlhakole 2014, porojeke ya go dira kgatiso e e gatisitsweng ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane, e e nang le dibolumo di le 1 000 le ditsebe di feta 1 100 000, e ne ya simololwa ke batsayakarolo ba Wikipedia ya Sejeremane.[7] Porojeke e ne e batla matlole ka Indiegogo, mme e ne e ikaeletse go tlotla meneelo ya barulaganyi ba Wikipedia.[134] Ka di 22 Diphalane 2014, sefikantswe sa ntlha sa Wikipedia se ne sa bulwa kwa toropong ya Poland ya Slubice.[135] Ka di 8 Seetebosigo, di 15 Seetebosigo, le di 16 Phukwi 2014, Wikipedia ya Se-Waray, Wikipedia ya Se-Vietnam le Wikipedia ya Se-Cebuano nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e ne ya feta letshwao la athikele e le milione o le mongwe. E ne e le Wikipedia ya bolesome, ya bolesome le bongwe le ya bolesomepedi go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Le fa di ne di na le badirisi ba le mmalwa fela ba ba matlhagatlhaga, di-Wikipedia tsa Se-Waray le Se-Cebuano di ne di na le palo e e kwa godimo ya diathikele tse di tlhamilweng ka go itirisa tse di tlhamilweng ke di-bot. Mo bogareng jwa 2015, Wikipedia e ne e le webosaete ya bosupa e e tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Alexa Internet,[136] e ne e le kwa tlase ka lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one ka Ngwanaitseele 2012. Kwa tshimologong ya 2015, Wikipedia e ne ya nna yone e e nang le athikele e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya kitsokakaretso e e nang le dimilione di le dintsi mo inthaneteng, e e nang le palogotlhe ya dimilione tsotlhe tsa saetlopedia mo inthaneteng. 291 dikgatiso tsa puo.[61] Ka palogare, Wikipedia e amogela palogotlhe ya dipono tsa ditsebe tsa lefatshe lotlhe di le dibilione di le 10 go tswa mo baeting ba ba kgethegileng ba ka nna dimilione di le 495 kgwedi le kgwedi,[7][137] go akaretsa le baeng ba le dimilione di le 85 go tswa kwa United States fela,[8] kwa e leng lefelo la borataro le le ratiwang thata.[136] Gatisa Wikipedia e ne e le porojeke ya botaki e e dirilweng ke Michael Mandiberg e e neng ya dira gore go nne le bokgoni jwa go gatisa dibolumo di le 7473 tsa Wikipedia jaaka e ne e le teng ka 7 Moranang 2015. Bolumo nngwe le nngwe e na le ditsebe di le 700 mme ke di le 110 fela tse di gatisitsweng ke motaki.[138] Ka la 1 Ngwanaitseele 2015, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e fitlheletse diathikele di le 5 000 000 ka go tlhamiwa ga athikele ka ga Persoonia terminalis, mofuta wa setlhatshana. Ka Diphalane 23, Wikipedia e ne ya amogela Sekgele sa Kgosigatsana ya Asturias sa Tirisanommogo ya Boditšhabatšhaba.[139][140] Ka di 19 Ferikgong 2016, Wikipedia ya Sejapane e ne ya feta letshwao la diathikele di le milione o le mongwe, mme ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesometharo go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Setlhogo sa bomilione e ne e le sa Wave 224, e leng sekepe sa ka fa tlase ga metsi sa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II sa Sesole sa Lewatle sa Bogosi jwa Japane. Mo bogareng jwa 2016, Wikipedia e ne ya nna gape webosaete ya borataro e e tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Alexa Internet,[141] e tlhatlogile ka lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one mo ngwageng o o fetileng. Mo bogareng jwa 2017, Wikipedia e ne ya kwalwa jaaka webosaete ya botlhano e e ratiwang thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Alexa Internet,[142] e tlhatlogile lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one mo ngwageng o o fetileng. Wikipedia Zero e dirilwe gore e nne teng kwa Iraq le kwa Afganistan. Ka di 29 Moranang 2017, go fitlhelela Wikipedia mo inthaneteng go ne ga thibelwa mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo kwa Turkey ke balaodi ba Turkey. Boloko jono bo ne jwa tswelela go fitlha ka Ferikgong 15, 2020, ka gonne kgotlatshekelo ya Turkey e ne ya atlhola gore boloko jono bo tlola ditshwanelo tsa batho. Wikipedia ya Sejapane e e tsenngwang khoutu e thibetswe kwa China fa e sale ka Sedimonthole 28 2017.[143] Ka di 13 Moranang 2018, palo ya diathikele tsa Wikipedia ya Setšhaena e ne ya feta milione o le 1, mme ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesome le bone go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Wikipedia ya Setšhaena e thibetswe kwa Nagengkgolo ya China fa e sale ka Motsheganong 2015.[144] Moragonyana mo ngwageng, ka Seetebosigo 26, Wikipedia ya Sepotokisi e ne ya feta letshwao la diathikele di le milione o le mongwe, ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesome le botlhano go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Setlhogo sa bomilione e ne e le Perdão de Richard Nixon (Tshwarelo ya ga Richard Nixon). Ka 2018, Wikipedia e ne ya boloka lenaane la yone jaaka webosaete ya botlhano e e ratiwang thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Inthanete ya Alexa.[145] Ntlha nngwe e e tlhomologileng e ne e le tiriso ya Botlhale jwa Maitirelo go tlhama diathikele tse di kwadilweng ka ditlhogo tse di neng di tlhokomologilwe.[146] Ka di 23 Moranang 2019, balaodi ba China ba ne ba atolosa Wikipedia go nna mefuta ya dipuo tsotlhe.[147][148] Nako ya go thibela e ne ya tsamaisana le ngwaga wa bo 30 wa ditshupetso le polao ya batho ba le bantsi kwa Tiananmen Square ka 1989 le ngwaga wa bo 100 wa Mokgatlho wa Motsheganong wa Bone, mme seno sa felela ka gore inthanete e tlhotlhomisiwe thata kwa China.[149] Ka Phatwe 2019, go ya ka Alexa.com, Wikipedia e ne ya wela tlase go tswa mo maemong a botlhano go ya kwa maemong a bosupa mo webosaeteng mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Ka one ngwaga oo, khopi ya Wikipedia e ne ya romelwa kwa Ngweding, e le karolo ya Laeborari ya Arch Lunar. Ka ntlha ya go palelwa, rokete e ne ya thula mo godimo ga Ngwedi, mme, ka ntlha ya tiriso ya di-disk tse di kgethegileng, tse di kgonang go emelana le nickel, go dumelwa gore khopi e ne ya falola go thula.[151] === Ngwagasome wa boraro: 2020–gompieno === Ka di 23 Ferikgong 2020, setlhogo sa dimilione di le thataro, e leng lokwalotshelo lwa ga Maria Elise Turner Lauder, se ne sa tsenngwa mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane. Le fa go ne go na le kgolo eno ya diathikele, go dirisana ga Wikipedia mo inthaneteng ya lefatshe lotlhe, jaaka go lekanngwa ke Alexa, go ne ga tswelela go fokotsega. Ka Tlhakole 2020, Wikipedia e ne ya wela mo webosaeteng ya bolesome le bongwe mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Bobedi go bega ga Wikipedia ga mathata a leroborobo la COVID-19 le diphetogo tse di tshegetsang, dipuisano, le e leng go phimolwa go ne go akanngwa gore ke motswedi o o mosola go borahisitori ba isago ba ba batlang go tlhaloganya paka eo ka botlalo.[152] Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Boitekanelo o dirisane mmogo le Wikipedia jaaka motswedi wa konokono wa go anamisa tshedimosetso e e amanang le COVID-19 jaaka go thusa go lwantsha go anama ga tshedimosetso e e fosagetseng.[153][154] Ka Ferikgong 2021, ngwaga wa bo 20 wa Wikipedia o ne wa lemogiwa mo metsweding ya dikgang. Ka di 13 Ferikgong 2021, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya fitlhelela diphetogo di le dibilione di le nngwe, koo tseleganyo ya bobilione e neng ya dirwa ke Steven Pruitt.[159] MIT Press e gatisitse buka e e bulegileng ya ditlhamo Wikipedia @ 20: Dikgang tsa Phetogo e e sa Fediwang, e e rulagantsweng ke Joseph Reagle le Jackie Koerner ka ditshwaelo go tswa go ba-Wikipedia ba ba tlhageletseng, ba-Wikimedia, babatlisisi, babegadikgang, balaeborari le baitseanape ba bangwe ba ba akanyang ka ditiragalo tse di rileng le[60]. Ka Ngwanaitseele 2021, Wikipedia e ne e wetse mo webosaeteng ya bolesometharo mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Ka la 6 Sedimonthole 2022, Modiri wa Wikipedia Richard Knipel o ne a tlhama setlhogo sa setlhogo sa Botaki, se poeletso ya sone ya ntlha e neng e le terafote e e tlhagisitsweng ke ChatGPT e Knipel a neng a e dirile diphetogo tse dinnye go tsamaisana thata le maemo a Wikipedia. Knipel o boletse mo tsebeng ya puisano gore o dumela gore ke lekgetlo la ntlha mongwe a dirisa ChatGPT go tlhama athikele ya Wikipedia. Go romelwa ga athikele eno go ne ga kgalwa ke barulaganyi ba bangwe mme ga tsosa kganetsano mo setšhabeng sa Wikipedia, mme seno sa dira gore go nne le kganetsano e e tseneletseng ka gore a ChatGPT le dikai tse di tshwanang le yone di tshwanetse go dirisiwa mo go kwaleng diteng tsa Wikipedia le gore, fa go le jalo, di tshwanetse go dirisiwa go le kana kang.[161] Ka Ferikgong 2023, segokaganyi sa desekethopo sa Wikipedia se ne sa fetolwa lekgetlo la ntlha fa e sale ka 2010, go nna Vector 2022.[162] Segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo se sesha se ne sa nyatswa thata ke badirisi. Dikganetso tse dintsi di ne di tlhomile mogopolo mo thulaganyong ya bophara jo bo tlhomameng, e e neng ya dira gore go nne le sebaka se sesweu se se feteletseng mo dintlheng tsa dimonithara tse di bulegileng, mme seno sa dira gore go nne le motlotlo wa mafoko a le 90 000 wa gore a letlalo le lesha le tshwanetse go nna le le tlwaelegileng. Wikipedia ya Seswahili e ne ya boutela ka bongwefela jwa pelo go gana letlalo le lesha mme "ka bokhutshwane" ya batla gore go boelwe kwa letlalong la bogologolo. Go tshwaiwa phoso go gongwe go ne ga lebisiwa kwa Mokgatlhong wa Wikimedia ka go thapa setlhopha sa batlhami se se nang le maitemogelo a a lekanyeditsweng mo diwiki. Brandon Harris, yo e neng e le motlhami yo mogolo kwa Wikipedia go tloga ka 2010 go fitlha ka 2014, o ne a re: "Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia gantsi o thapa batlhami ba ba sa tlwaelanang le baagi, mme ba tsena mme ba leka go dira diphetogo tseno tsotlhe—ba taboga ka tlhogo pele go nna saga ya buzz—mme baagi ba gana ka tsela e e utlwalang]".[163] Morago ga therisano le kgaisano, letshwao la ntlha la modumo la Wikimedia (go akaretsa le Wikipedia) le ne la amogelwa.[164] Ka Ferikgong 13, 2024, khopi ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane, e e bolokilweng mo polokelong ya tshedimosetso ya 5D optical, e ne ya tsenngwa mo lefelong la patlisiso le le ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa Switzerland, le le nang le kgonagalo ya go bolokwa dingwaga di ka nna dibilione di le 14, ka ntlha ya thekenoloji ya polokelo e e dirisitsweng. Khopi e ka balega ka go dirisa maekerosekopo, kwantle ga go tlhoka go dirisa thekenoloji ya dijithale.[165] Ka di 22 Tlhakole 2024, khopi ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya goroga ka katlego mo Ngweding, jaaka karolo ya porojeke ya Galactic Legacy Archive. Thomo e ne ya dirwa ke Metšhini ya Intuitive, fa rokete yone e ne ya thankgololwa ke SpaceX. Tshedimosetso eno e ne e bolokilwe jaaka e e dirisang dikarolo di le 16 tsa nikele, mme go fopholediwa gore e ka nna mo godimo ga Ngwedi dingwaga di ka nna dibilione di le 5. [166] [[Setshwantsho:Work-in-progress animation of the Wikipedia 25 birthday mascot scrolling on a phone.gif|thumb]] Ka Ferikgong 15, Wikipedia e ne ya keteka ngwaga wa yone wa bo 25.[167] Go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa ditokomane le "khaphule ya nako" jaaka karolo ya meletlo.[168] Go ne ga gololwa setshwantsho se se tlhamilweng ke modirisi BaduFerreira se se bidiwang Baby Globe. E ne ya tlhagelela fa mokgwa wa letsatsi la matsalo o ne o kgontshitswe mo Wikipedia. Go ne ga tlhamiwa seaparo sa Baby Globe se se ka kokoanngwang ka tirisanommogo le Makeship.[169] Baby Globe e ne ya tlosiwa mo saeteng ya Wikipedia ka Moranang 7.[170] Ka Mopitlwe 27, Wikipedia e ne ya thibela tiriso ya diteng tse di tlhamilweng ke di-LLM mo diathikeleng tsa yone, kwa ntle ga dithanolo le diphetogo tse dinnye tsa dikhopi.[171][172] Ka Motsheganong 11, Wikipedia e ne ya golola Kgwetlho ya go Bala ya Ngwaga wa bo 25 wa tiriswa ya iOS go tloga ka Motsheganong 11 go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 18, mme Baby Globe e ne ya tlhagisiwa gape.[173] == Hisetori go ya ka serutwa == === Serwethata le serweboleta === Athikele ya konokono: MediaWiki Sofotewere e e tsamaisang Wikipedia, le serweboleta sa khomphiutha, dipolase tsa disefara le ditsamaiso tse dingwe tse Wikipedia e ikaegileng ka tsone. * Ka Ferikgong 2001, Wikipedia e ne ya tsamaya mo UseModWiki, e e kwadilweng ka Perl ke Clifford Adams. Seva e sa ntse e sebetsa ho Linux, le ha mongolo wa mantlha o ne o bolokilwe difaeleng ho ena le polokelotshedimosetsong. Ditlhogo di ne tsa bidiwa ka kopano ya CamelCase. * Ka Ferikgong 2002, "Kgato II" ya sofotewere ya wiki e e nayang Wikipedia maatla e ne ya tlhagisiwa, e e neng ya emisetsa UseModWiki ya bogologolo. E kwaletswe porojeke eno ka tlhamalalo ke Magnus Manske, e ne e akaretsa enjene ya wiki ya PHP. * Ka Phukwi 2002, go kwalwa sešwa go gogolo ga sofotewere e e nayang Wikipedia maatla go ne ga simolola; e e bidiwang "Kgato III", e ne ya tsaya sebaka sa mofuta wa bogologolo wa "Kgato II", mme ya nna MediaWiki. E kwadilwe ke Lee Daniel Crocker go tsibogela ditlhokego tse di oketsegang tsa porojeke e e golang. * Ka Diphalane 2002, Derek Ramsey o ne a tlhama bot – thulaganyo e e itirisang e e bidiwang Rambot – go oketsa palo e ntsi ya diathikele tse di buang ka ditoropo tsa United States; diathikele tseno di ne tsa tlhagisiwa ka go itirisa go tswa mo tshedimosetsong ya palobatho ya U.S. Ka jalo o ne a oketsa palo ya diathikele tsa Wikipedia ka 33 832.[174] Se se biditswe "kgato e e tsosang kganetsano go gaisa mo hisitoring ya Wikipedia".[175] * Ka Ferikgong 2003, go ne ga okediwa ka tshegetso ya difomula tsa dipalo mo TeX. Khoutu e ne ya ntshiwa ke Tomasz Węgrzanowski. * Ka di 9 Seetebosigo 2003, segokaganyi sa ISBN sa Wikipedia se ne sa fetolwa go dira gore di-ISBN mo diathikeleng di golagane le Special:Metswedi ya Dibuka, e e tsayang diteng tsa yone go tswa mo tsebeng e e ka rulaganngwang ke modirisi ya Wikipedia:Metswedi ya dibuka. Pele ga se, dintlha tsa kgokagano ya ISBN di ne tsa tsenngwa khoutu mo sofotewereng mme go ne ga tshitshinngwa tse dišwa mo tsebeng ya Wikipedia:ISBN. Bona tseleganyo e e fetotseng seno. * Morago ga 6 Sedimonthole 2003, melaetsa e e farologaneng ya tsamaiso e e neng e bontshiwa badirisi ba Wikipedia e ne e sa tlhole e tsentswe dikhoutu tse di thata, mme seno se ne sa dira gore batsamaisi ba Wikipedia ba kgone go fetola dikarolo dingwe tsa segokaganyi sa MediaWiki, jaaka molaetsa o o neng o bontshiwa badirisi ba ba thibetsweng. * Ka di 12 Tlhakole 2004, ditiro tsa disefara di ne tsa fudusiwa go tswa kwa San Diego, kwa California go ya kwa Tampa, kwa Florida.[176] * Ka di 29 Motsheganong 2004, diwebosaete tsotlhe tse di farologaneng di ne tsa tlhabololwa go nna mofuta o mošwa wa serweboleta sa MediaWiki. * Ka la 30 Motsheganong 2004, go ne ga tlhagelela ditiragalo tsa ntlha tsa ditsenngwa tsa "go aroganngwa ka ditlhopha". Dikema tsa ditlhopha, jaaka Diphetogo tsa Bosheng le Tseleganya Tsebe Eno, di ne di ntse di le teng fa e sa le Wikipedia e tlhongwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, Sanger o ne a lebile dikema jaaka manaane, le diathikele tse di tsenngwang ka diatla, fa maiteko a go aroganya a ne a ikaegile ka ditsenngwa tsa go aroganya ka bongwe mo athikeleng nngwe le nngwe ya saetlopedia, jaaka karolo ya go aroganya ka ditlhopha go gogolo go go itirisang ga diathikele tsa saetlopedia.[177] * Morago ga 3 Seetebosigo 2004, batsamaisi ba ne ba ka tseleganya setaele sa segokaganyi ka go fetola CSS mo pampiring ya setaele sa buka e le nngwe mo MediaWiki:Monobook.css. * Gape ka 30 Motsheganong 2004, ka MediaWiki 1.3, go ne ga tlhamiwa lefelo la maina la Thempoleite, le le letlang go tsenngwa ga ditlhangwa tse di tlwaelegileng . * Ka di 7 Seetebosigo 2005 ka 3:00 a.m. ka Nako e e Tlwaelegileng ya Botlhaba, bontsi jwa disefara tsa Wikimedia di ne tsa fudusediwa kwa lefelong le lesha le le ka kwa ga mmila. Diporojeke tsotlhe tsa Wikimedia di ne di sa dire ka nako eno. * Ka Mopitlwe 2013, kgato ya ntlha ya polokelotshedimosetso ya Wikidata ya interwiki e ne ya nna teng mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia.[121] * Ka Phukwi 2013, go ne ga tlhongwa segokaganyi sa go tseleganya sa VisualEditor, se se neng se letla badirisi go tseleganya Wikipedia ba dirisa morulaganyi wa mafoko wa WYSIWYG (o o tshwanang le modirisiwa wa go rulaganya mafoko) go na le go tshwaya wiki.[132] Segokaganyi sa go tseleganya se se tokafaditsweng didiriswa tsa selulafouno le sone se ne sa gololwa ==== '''Ponalo le mokgwa wa tiriso''' ==== ''Ponalo ya kwa ntle ya Wikipedia, tsela e e lebegang ka yone, mokgwa o e dirang ka one, le letshwao la yone (branding), tsotlhe jaaka di bonwa ke badirisi''. Ka la 4 Moranang 2002, BrilliantProse, e moragonyana e neng ya bidiwa Featured Articles (Ditlhogo tse di Tlhophilweng), e ne ya fudusiwa go tswa mo lefelong la ditlhogo go ya mo lefelong la Wikipedia. Mo e ka nnang ka la 15 Diphalane 2003, go ne ga tsenngwa letshwao (logo) le lesha la Wikipedia. Kgopolo ya letshwao leo e ne ya tlhophiwa ka tshegetso ya ditlhopho, mme morago ga moo ga latela tshekatsheko ya go tlhopha mofuta o o gaisang. Letshwao la bofelo le ne la tlhamiwa ke David Friedland (yo o dirisang leina la “nohat” mo Wikipedia), le ikaegile ka mokgwa le kgopolo tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa ke Paul Stansifer. Ka la 22 Tlhakole 2004, karolo ya “Did You Know (DYK)” e ne ya tlhagelela la ntlha mo Tsebeng e Kgolo (Main Page). Ka la 23 Tlhakole 2004, ka nako ya 19:46 UTC, Tsebe e Kgolo e ne ya fiwa ponalo e ntšha e e neng e rulagantswe sentle. Ponalo eno e ne ya akaretsa ditlhogo tse di tlhophilweng tsotlhe ka seatla, tse di neng di akaretsa:Setlhogo se se Tlhophilweng sa Letsatsi (Daily Featured Article),Ditiragalo tsa Segopotso (Anniversaries),Mo Dikgang (In the News),le Did You Know (DYK). Ka '''la 10 Ferikgong 2005''', go ne ga tlhongwa '''porata ya dipuo tsotlhe''' mo atereseng ya '''www.wikipedia.org''', e e neng ya emisetsa go romela badirisi ka tlhamalalo kwa Wikipedia ya Seesimane. Ka la 5 Tlhakole 2005, Portal:Biology e ne ya tlhamiwa, mme ya nna porata ya ntlha ya setlhogo sengwe (thematic portal) mo Wikipedia ya Seesimane. Le fa go ntse jalo, kgopolo eno e ne e setse e simolotswe mo Wikipedia ya Sejeremane, kwa Portal:Recht (Dithuto tsa Molao) e neng ya tlhongwa ka Diphalane 2003. Ka la 16 Phukwi 2005, Wikipedia ya Seesimane e ne ya simolola mokgwa wa go tlhagisa setshwantsho se se tlhophilweng sa letsatsi mo Tsebeng e Kgolo. Ka la 19 Mopitlwe 2006, morago ga ditlhopho, Tsebe e Kgolo ya Wikipedia ya Seesimane e ne ya fetolwa sešwa la ntlha morago ga dingwaga di ka nna pedi. Ka la 13 Motsheganong 2010, wepsaete e ne ya golola sebopego se sesha (interface). Dikarolo tse disha di ne di akaretsa: * letshwao (logo) le le ntšhafaditsweng, * didirisiwa tse disha tsa go tsamaya mo wepsaeteng, * le sedirisiwa sa go thusa go tlhama dikgokagano (link wizard). === Diphetogo tsa thulaganyo ka 2023 === Vector 2022, e leng ntšhwafatso ya Vector 2010 ya letlalo la pele la Wikipedia, e ne ya itsisiwe ka Lwetse 2020, mme kwa tshimologong e ne e rulaganyeditswe go tlhagelela ka 2021, pele ga e ka dirisiwa ka Ferikgong 2023.[183] Ka Ferikgong 2023, Wikimedia e ne e dirile gore ntšhwafatso e nne teng mo dikgatisong tsa yone tsa puo di le 300; e ne e le tlwaelo ya diphetolelo tsa Searabia le Segerika.[184][163][185] Vector 2022 e na le segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo sa modirisi se se tlhabolotsweng se se dirang diphetogo tse dintsi mo thulaganyong ya dielemente tsa segokaganyi. Gareng ga tsone, menyu wa go tlhopha puo, o pele o neng o le kafa molemeng wa sekerini, jaanong o fitlhelwa mo sekhutlong se se kwa godimo sa moja sa pontsho ya setlhogo se se balwang gone jaanong.[185] Mo godimo ga moo, bara e e kafa thoko e a phuthega ka fa morago ga konopo ya hamburger. Vector 2022 gape e oketsa dintlha tsa pontsho ya athikele, e e nang le phelelo ya go lekanyetsa bophara jwa athikele;[185] go na le toggle e e ka fokotsang dintlha le go atolosa bophara jwa mola wa athikele go tlatsa sekerini.[186][163] Bogolo jwa thulaganyetsoruri jwa sekwalwa ga bo ise bo okediwe, le fa Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o boleletse Engadget gore o solofela go dira seno kgetho mo isagong.[184] Tiro ya patlo le yone e ne ya tlhabololwa mo Vector 2022, ka gonne dipholo tse di tshitshintsweng go araba dipotso tsa modirisi jaanong di akaretsa ditshwantsho le ditlhaloso tse dikhutshwane go tswa mo ditsebeng tse go buiwang ka tsone.[185][187] Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o ne wa bolela gore phetogo eno e ne e tlhotlhelediwa ke keletso ya go dira gore lefelo leno le nne la segompieno le go tokafatsa maitemogelo a go tsamaya le go tseleganya mo babading ba ba senang maitemogelo a inthanete, ka gonne letlalo la pele le ne le tsewa le le "le le sa siamang le le le fekeetsang."[183][184][186] Diteko tse di dirilweng ke motheo di ne tsa oketsa dipholo tsa mokgatlho ono. dipatlisiso, le phokotsego ya diperesente di le 15 ya go phetlha.[184][186] Diphetolelo tsa ntlha tsa Vector 2022 di ne tsa simolola go dirisiwa la ntlha ka 2020 mo mafelong a Wikipedia a puo ya Sefora, Sehebera le Sepotokisi,[183] ​​jaaka fa dikarolo tse disha tsa letlalo di ne di phasaladiwa mo badirising gore di lekwe ka iketlo pele ga le gololwa ka botlalo.[188] Letlalo le ne la simolola go dirisiwa jaaka letlalo la thulaganyetsoruri la babadi ba mafelo a Wikimedia ka dipuo di le 300 (mo go tse 318) ka Ferikgong 18 2023.[184][163][185] Morago ga go phasaladiwa ka bontsi ga Vector 2022, go santse go kgonega go bala Wikipedia o dirisa letlalo le le fetileng. Le fa go ntse jalo, go dira jalo go tlhoka gore babadi ba ikwadisetse akhaonto ya Wikipedia, mme morago ba sete ditlhopho tsa bone go bontsha Vector 2010 boemong jwa seo.[185] Ga go na diphetogo tse di dirilweng mo matlalong a Wikipedia a a leng teng jaaka Monobook le Timeless, tse le tsone di sa ntseng di le teng go ka dirisiwa.[163][189] Badirisi ba Wikipedia ba ne ba kgaogane ka diphetogo tseno. Kopo ya tshwaelo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane e e botsang baagi gore a Vector 2022 e tshwanetse go dirisiwa kgotsa nnyaa jaaka letlalo la thulaganyetsoruri le kokoantse mafoko a a fetang 90,000 mo dikarabong.[163] Batshwayadiphoso ba go tlhamiwa sešwa ba ne ba ganetsa thata sebaka se sesweu se se tlogetsweng se le lolea mo letlalong le lešwa, fa badirisi ba bangwe ba ne ba nyatsa batshwayadiphoso ba re ba na le kganetso ya phetogo.[163] Barulaganyi ba le 165 ba ba neng ba tsaya karolo mo motlotlong ba ne ba sa amogele letlalo le lešwa, fa ba le 153 ba ne ba rata, mme ba le robongwe ba ne ba nna ba sa tseye letlhakore.[190][163][191] Le fa go ne go na le palo e kgolo ya barulaganyi ba ba neng ba tlhagisa gore ga ba batle gore Vector 2022 e dirisiwe ka sebopego sa yone sa ga jaana, ka tumalano mo Wikipedia e sa tsewe tshwetso ka boutu, motlotlo o ne wa tswalelwa go rata go tlhamiwa sešwa, go akanyediwa ditshwaelo tse di siameng tse di tlogetsweng ke badirisi ba bangwe.[13] Batlhami ba Vector 2022 ba dirile diphetogo dingwe mo letlalong go tsibogela ditshwaelo, tse di jaaka go tsenya toggle go kgontsha diteng tsa athikele go tlatsa bophara jotlhe jwa sekerini.[163][192] Badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Seswahili ba ne ba sa dumalane ka bongwefela jwa pelo le go tsenngwa tirisong ga letlalo le lešwa.[163] Babegadikgang ba ba neng ba tsibogela go phasaladiwa ga Vector 2022 ba ne ba tsaya ntšhwafatso le dikarolo tse disha tse di tlhagisitsweng e le ditlaleletso tse di mosola, mme ka kakaretso ba ne ba tlhalosa letlalo jaaka ntšhwafatso e nnye e e neng ya se ka ya fetola maitemogelo a bone a go bala mo Wikipedia.[187][163][186] Annie Rauwerda, motlhami wa diakhaonto tsa media wa loago tsa Boteng jwa Wikipedia, o kwadile mo Slate gore Vector 2022 e ne e sa "farologane thata" le letlalo le le fetileng. Rauwerda o ne a lemoga gape go tshwana fa gare ga tsibogo ya baagi ba Wikipedia kgatlhanong le moakanyetso le dikganetso tsa nako e e fetileng tsa diphetogo tse di tshwanang tsa pono mo mafelong a a tlwaelegileng a a jaaka Reddit.[163] Rauwerda, le Mike Pearl wa Mashable, ba ne ba akgela ka gore badirisi ba ba sa itumeleleng phetogo eno ba ka nna ba sekaseka mo motlotlong o o buang ka letlalo, kgotsa ba dirisa ditiriso tsa go itebaganya tse di ageletsweng mo saeteng eno go fetola maitemogelo a bone a go bala.[190][163] === Go kokoanya madi === [[Setshwantsho:WMF Support and Revenue, Expenses and Net Assets at Year End.jpg|thumb|Tlhabololo ya matlole ya Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia (ka US$), 2003–2023]] Ngwaga le ngwaga, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o tsamaisa matsholo a go kokoanya madi mo Wikipedia go tshegetsa ditiro tsa one. Tseno ka kakaretso di tsaya mo e ka nnang kgwedi mme di diragala ka dinako tse di farologaneng tsa ngwaga mo dinageng tse di farologaneng. Mo godimo ga dibenara tsa go kokoanya madi mo Wikipedia ka boyone, go na gape le matsholo a imeile; diimeile dingwe di laletsa batho go tlogela madi a Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia mo diwiling tsa bone.[224][225] Lotseno lo tlhatlogile ngwaga le ngwaga wa go nna teng ga Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia, lwa fitlha go dimilione di le US$180.17 go tloga ka 30 Seetebosigo 2023, fa lo bapisiwa le ditshenyegelo tsa dimilione di le US$169.1.[226][227] Mo godimo ga moo, Wikimedia Endowment, e leng maiteko a a farologaneng a go kokoanya madi a a simolotsweng ka 2016, a ne a fitlha go dimilione di le $100 ka 2021, dingwaga di le tlhano ka bonako go feta ka fa go neng go rulagantswe ka gone.[228] == Metswedi == n7oshz2jjlxp70se0ihmx6ezuswbv0v 53437 53428 2026-07-28T06:42:37Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53437 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wikipedia]], e leng ensaetlopedia ya mo maranyaneng e e nang le diteng [[:en:Free_content|tse di sa duelelweng]] e e kwadilweng le go tlhokomelwa ke setšhaba sa baithaopi ba ba bidiwang [[Wikipedians]], e simolotse ka go kwalwa ga yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), malatsi a mabedi morago ga gore lotshwao loo le kwadisiwe.<ref>[http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org "Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools"]. ''[[:en:WHOIS|WHOIS]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org Archived] from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref> E ne ya gola go tswa mo [[Nupedia]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e rulagantsweng sentle e e sa duelelweng, e le tsela ya go letla go kwalwa ga ditlhogo le dithanolo motlhofo le ka bonako. Ditshegetso tsa maranyane le tsa dikgopolo tsa Wikipedia di tla pele ga seno; kakanyo ya ntlha e e itsiweng ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e dirilwe ke Rick Gates ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro (1993),<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html "Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger"]. History Computer. 2010. Archived from [http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html the original] on April 15, 2012. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> mme kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e e gololesegileng (jaaka e farologana le motswedi o o bulegileng fela)<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source "Philosophy"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source Archived] from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> e ne ya akanngwa ke Richard Stallman ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998).<ref name=":1">[[:en:Richard_Stallman|Stallman, Richard]] (1998). [https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html "The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html Archived] from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Kgopolo ya ga Stallman e ne e akaretsa ka tlhamalalo kgopolo ya gore ga go na mokgatlho ope o o botlhokwa o o tshwanetseng go laola go rulaganya. Seno se ne se farologana le diensaetlopedia tsa maranyane tsa motlha oo jaaka [[Microsoft Encarta]] le ''[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]''. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), teseletso ya [[Nupedia]] e ne ya fetolwa go nna [[GFDL]], mme [[Jimmy Wales]] le [[Larry Sanger]] ba ne ba simolola Wikipedia jaaka porojekete e e tlaleletsang, ba dirisa wiki ya mo maranyaneng jaaka sedirisiwa sa go kwala ka tirisanommogo.<ref>[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory "WikiHistory"]. [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory Archived] from the original on June 21, 2002. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Le fa kwa tshimologong Wikipedia e ne e akanngwa e le lefelo la go kwala mekwalo le dikgopolo tsa gore kgabagare go baakanngwe Nupedia, e ne ya feta e e neng e le teng pele ga yone ka bonako, ya nna lefelo la go kwala diathikele le legae la setlhagiswa sa bofelo se se baakantsweng sa porojekete ya lefatshe lotlhe ka makgolokgolo a dipuo, mme seno sa tlhotlheletsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya diporojekete tse dingwe tsa ditshupiso tsa mo maranyaneng. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), Wikipedia e ne e na le babadi ba ka nna didikadike di le makgolo a mane le masome a ferabongwe le botlhano ka kgwedi.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]''. March 1, 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140408202455/http://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks Archived] from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), go ya ka [[comScore]], Wikipedia e ne ya amogela baeng ba ba kgethegileng ba feta idikadike di le lekgolo le lesome le botlhano ka kgwedi go tswa kwa United States fela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 "comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015"]. comScore. February 24, 2015. Archived from [http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 the original] on March 17, 2015. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), diporojekete tseno di ne tsa bonwa baeng mo tsebeng ba le dibilione di le lesome le botlhano le sephatlo ka kgwedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects "Monthly overview"]. ''Wikimedia statistics''. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from [[stats:v2/#/all-projects|the original]] on January 24, 2020. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> [[File:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Tsebe ya boremelelo ya Wikipedia (Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2001)]] == Kakaretso ya ditso == === Lemorago === Kgopolo ya go kokoanya kitso ya lefatshe mo lefelong le le lengwe e simolotse kwa [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|lefelong la go bala la bogologolo la Alexandria]] le [[:en:Library_of_Pergamum|Lefelong la go bala la Pergamo,]] mme go na le dilo tsa bogologolo tse di neng tsa tla pele ga kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia e e akaretsang, [[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|ditso tse di jaaka Naturalis]] ya ga [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny yo Mogolo]], mme kakanyo ya segompieno ya ensaekolopedia e e akaretsang tsotlhe, e e gatisiwang le go anamisiwa kwa bathong ba le bantsi, e simologile ka [[:en:Denis_Diderot|Denis Diderot]] le baitseanape ba Fora ba lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga ba ba neng ba kwala diensaekolopedia.<ref>Miloš, Todorović (2018). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594 From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge]". ''Časopis KSIO''. '''1''': 88–102. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5281/zenodo.3235309|10.5281/zenodo.3235309.]] Retrieved October 20, 2021.</ref> Kgopolo ya go dirisa metšhine e e itirisang go feta [[:en:Printing_press|motšhine o o gatisang]] go aga ensaetlopedia e e mosola thata e ka bonwa mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:Paul_Otlet|Paul Otlet]] ya ngwaga wa 1934 ya ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet gape o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Mundaneum|Mundaneum]], e leng setheo se se neng se ineetse go dira ditshupane tsa kitso ya lefatshe, ka ngwaga wa 1910. Kgopolo e ya ensaetlopedia e e thusiwang ke motšhini e ne ya atolosiwa go ya pele mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:H._G._Wells|H. G. Wells]] ya ditlhamo" [[:en:World_Brain|''World Brain'']] (ngwaga wa1938) le pono ya ga [[:en:Vannevar_Bush|Vannevar Bush]] ya isago ya [[:en:Memex|Memex]] e e neng e dirisa [[:en:Microfilm|filimi e e bolokang ditshwantso ka bogolo jo bonnye]], e a e tlhalositse mo setlhangweng sa gagwe se se bidiwang "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (ngwaga wa 1945).<ref name=":2">Reagle, Joseph (2010). Good Faith Collaboration. The Culture of Wikipedia. MIT Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0262014472|978-0262014472.]] Chapter 2: "The Pursuit of the Universal Encyclopedia".</ref> Phitlhelelo e nngwe e ne e le lenaneo la Xanadu la ga [[:en:Ted_Nelson|Ted Nelson]] ya go tlhama ditlhangwa tse dintsi, e e neng ya simolola ka ngwaga wa 1960.<ref name=":2" /> Tiriso ya baithaopi e ne e le botlhokwa thata mo go direng le go tlhokomeleng Wikipedia. Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa go ne go se na inthanete, mananeo tse dikgolo tse di dingalo tsa mofuta o o tshwanang di ne di dirisitse baithaopi. Ka tlhamalalo, go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Oxford_English_Dictionary|''Thanodi ya Seesemane ya Oxford'']] go ne ga akanngwa ka puo kwa lefelong la dibuka la London, ka Letsatsi la ga [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele a tlhola malatsi a le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 1857, ke [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. Go tsere dingwaga di ka nna masome a supa go wediwa. Dr. Trench o ne a akanya ka bukantswe e ntšha e kgolo ya lefoko lengwe le lengwe mo puong ya Seesemane, le go dirisiwa ka puso ya batho le batho le ka kgololesego. Go ya ka mokwadi Simon Winchester, "Go dira thulaganyo e, o ne a re, go ne go feta bokgoni jwa motho ope fela. Go bala dibuka tsotlhe tsa Seesemane – le go sekaseka makwalo a dikgang a London le New York le makwalo a dikgang le buka ya tsotlhe a aitseng go bala le go kwala – go na le moo go tshwanetse ga nna 'tiro e e kopaneng ya batho ba le bantsi.' Go tla tlhokega go thapa setlhopha – mo godimo ga moo, se segolo – se gongwe se nang le makgolokgolo le makgolokgolo a batho ba ba sa duelweng, botlhe ba dira jaaka baithaopi."<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998). ''The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary''. Harpers, p. 106.</ref> Kgatelopele ya maranyane ya tshedimosetso kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga e ne ya dira gore go dirwe diphetogo mo mofuteng wa diensaetlopedia. Le fa diensaetlopedia tsa nako e e fetileng, segolobogolo [[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|''Encyclopædia Britannica'']], gantsi di ne di theilwe mo dibukeng, [[:en:Encarta|Encarta]] ya Microsoft, e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 1993, e ne e le teng mo CD-ROM e bile e na le [[:en:Hyperlink|dikgolagano tse dintsi]]. Go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] go ne ga dira gore go dirwe maiteko a mantsi a go dira [[:en:Online_encyclopedia|mananeo a ensaetlopedia tsa maranyane]]. Tshitshinyo ya ntlha ya ensaetlopedia ya mo inthaneteng e ne e le [[:en:Interpedia|Interpedia]] ka ngwaga wa1993 ke [[:en:Rick_Gates_(Internet_pioneer)|Rick Gates]];<ref name=":0" /> lenaneo le le ne la swa pele ga e tlhagisa diteng dipe tsa ensaetlopedia. Motshegetsi wa [[:en:Free_software|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka sa mahala]] [[:en:Richard_Stallman|Richard Stallman]] o ne a tlhalosa botlhokwa jwa "Ensaetlopedia ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Mahala le Motswedi wa go Ithuta" ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":1" /> Tokomane ya gagwe e e gatisitsweng e ne ya tlhalosa kafa go ka "tlhomamisiwang ka gone gore kgatelopele e tswelela pele go ya kwa dipoelong tse di gaisang le tsa tlholego." Motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia e bong Jimmy Wales o ne a bolela gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tla fa e ne e le moithuti wa dialogane kwa [[:en:Indiana_University_Bloomington|Mmadikolong wa Indiana]], koo a neng a kgatlhiwa ke katlego ya [[:en:Open-source_movement|mokgatlho wa motswedi o o bulegileng]] mme a fitlhela [[:en:GNU_Manifesto|Lekwalo la maikelelo le bokgoni la ga Emacs]] wa ga Richard Stallman o o rotloetsang [[:en:Free_software_movement|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka a mahala]] le itsholelo ya go abelana e kgatlhang. Wales gape o akgola tlhamo ya ga moitseanape wa itsholelo wa [[:en:Austrian_School|Sekolo sa Austria]] e bong [[:en:Friedrich_Hayek|Friedrich Hayek]], Polelo ya tlhamo ya "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng,]]" e a neng a e bala fa a ne a le moithuti wa pele ga kalogo,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all Know It All - The New Yorker]". ''[[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker]]''. September 30, 2014. Archived from [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all the original] on September 30, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> jaaka "e e botlhokwa" mo go akanyeng ga gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka gone."<ref>Mangu-Ward, Katherine (May 30, 2007). "[https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ Wikipedia and Beyond]". ''Reason.com''. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> Tlhamo e e gatelela gore [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|tshedimosetso e kgaogantswe fela ka bongwe]]—gore motho mongwe le mongwe o itse fela karolwana e nnye ya se se itsiweng mmogo, ditshwetso di dirwa botoka ke batho ba ba nang le kitso ya lefelo leo, go na le ke bothati jo bo botlhokwa. Ka nako eo, Wales o ne a ithuta tsa madi mme o ne a kgatlhilwe ke ditlhotlheletso tsa batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba ntsha seabe jaaka baithaopi mo go tlhameng mananeo a disupaditlhaka tsa mahala, koo dikai di le dintsi di neng di nna le dipholo tse di molemo thata.<ref>[https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales "Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales: "I have this crazy idea that people will pay for free news]"", Danny in the Valley, January 19, 2018, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055526/https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales archived] from the original on March 16, 2023, retrieved March 16, 2023 Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Go ya ka mokwalo wa dikgang w ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'', Wikipedia "e simolotse mo tsholofelong ya maranyane e e neng e tlhaola inthanete kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga. E ne e tshwara gore batho ba ba tlwaelesegileng ba ka dirisa disupa ditlhaka tsa bone jaaka didirisiwa tsa kgololesego, thuto, le go sedimosiwa."<ref>[https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher "Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher]". The Economist. January 9, 2021. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613 0013-0613.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221231224550/https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher Archived] from the original on December 31, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.</ref> === Go tlhama kgopolo === Wikipedia e ne ya akanyediwa kwa tshimologong jaaka lenaneo la phepo ya [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] e e neng ya tlhongwa kwa Wales, lenaneo la pelenyana la go tlhagisa ensaetlopedia ya mahala ya inthanete, e e neng ya ithaopela go dira ke [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]], kompone ya dipapatso tsa maranyane e e leng ya ga Jimmy, [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]] le [[:en:Michael_E._Davis_(businessman)|Michael E. Davis]]. <ref>[[:en:Marshall_Poe|Poe, Marshall]] (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ The Hive]". The Atlantic Monthly. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061223004004/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia Archived] from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. Wales and Sanger created the first Nupedia wiki on 10 January 2001. The initial purpose was to get the public to add entries that would then be "fed into the Nupedia process" of authorization. Most of Nupedia's expert volunteers, however, wanted nothing to do with this, so Sanger decided to launch a separate site called "Wikipedia". Neither Sanger nor Wales looked on Wikipedia as anything more than a lark. This is evident in Sanger's flip announcement of Wikipedia to the Nupedia discussion list. "Humor me", he wrote. "Go there and add a little article. It will take all of five or ten minutes". And, to Sanger's surprise, go they did. Within a few days, Wikipedia outstripped Nupedia in terms of quantity, if not quality, and a small community developed. In late January, Sanger created a Wikipedia discussion list (Wikipedia-L) to facilitate discussion of the project.</ref><ref name=":3">Sidener, Jonathan (December 6, 2004). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090221005820/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html Everyone's Encyclopedia]". ''[[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]''. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html the original] on February 21, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref><ref name=":4">Sanger, Larry (April 18, 2005). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part] I". Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 the original] on July 22, 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95 "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II".] [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]]. April 19, 2005. Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95 the original] on November 8, 2006. My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.</ref>Nupedia e ne ya tlhongwa mo tirisong ya baithaopi ba ba tshwanelegang le thulaganyo ya go [[:en:Peer_review|sekaseka balekane]] e e nang le dikgato di le dintsi.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Business Horizons, Volume 57 Issue 5, pp. 617–626</ref> Le fa e ne e na le lenaane la barulaganyi ba ba kgatlhegang ba ba fetang dikete tse pedi, le go nna teng ga ga Sanger jaaka morulaganyi-mogolo wa nako e e tletseng,<ref>"[[m:My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger Archived] from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023. I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.</ref> go tlhagisiwa ga diteng tsa Nupedia go ne go le bonya thata, ka dipego di le lesome le bobedi fela tse di kwadilweng mo ngwageng wa ntlha.<ref name=":4" /> Ba-Nupedia ba ne ba tlotla ka ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tlhama diteng ka bonako.<ref name=":3" /> Di-wiki di ne di dirisitswe gongwe mo boranyaneng go rulaganya kitso,<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html "From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition]". ''Chicago Tribune''. January 12, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> mme kgopolo ya tlaleletso e e theilweng mo di-[[:en:Wiki|wiki]] mo Nupedia e ne ya tlholwa ke motlotlo magareng ga Sanger le Ben Kovitz,<ref name=":5">"[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Ben Kovitz]". [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070404030625/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Archived] from the original on April 4, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – see also Ben Kovitz' fuller account which he links from there.</ref><ref name=":6">Moody, Glyn (July 13, 2006). [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia "This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts"]. The Guardian. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070222023201/http://technology.guardian.co.uk/weekly/story/0,,1818630,00.html Archived] from the original on February 22, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – While casting around for a way to speed up article production, Sanger met with Kovitz, an old friend, in January 2001. Kovitz introduced Sanger to the idea of the wiki, invented in 1995 by Ward Cunningham: web pages that anyone could write and edit. "My first reaction was that this really could be what would solve the problem," Sanger explains, "because the software was already written, and this community of people on WikiWikiWeb" – the first wiki – "had created something like 14,000 pages". Nupedia, by contrast, had produced barely two dozen articles. Sanger took up the idea immediately: "I wrote up a proposal and sent it [to Wales] that evening, and the wiki was then set up for me to work on." But this was not Wikipedia as we know it. "Originally it was the Nupedia Wiki – our idea was to use it as an article incubator for Nupedia. Articles could begin life on this wiki, be developed collaboratively and, when they got to a certain stage of development, be put into the Nupedia system."</ref><ref name=":7">Sidener, Jonathan (September 23, 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017041126/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html "Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy]". [[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html the original] on October 17, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.</ref> le ke o mongwe magareng ga Wales le Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name=":5" /> Kovitz e ne e le motlhami wa diporokeramo tsa khomphiutha mme a nna mo wiki ya ga [[:en:Ward_Cunningham|Ward Cunningham]] e e fetolang wiki go nna "[[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]". O ne a tlhalosetsa Sanger gore di-wiki ke eng, fa ba ne ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 The Hive"]. [[:en:The_Atlantic_Monthly|The Atlantic Monthly]]. p. 3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 Archived] from the original on November 10, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – "Over tacos that night, Sanger explained his concerns about Nupedia's lack of progress, the root cause of which was its serial editorial system. As Nupedia was then structured, no stage of the editorial process could proceed before the previous stage was completed. Kovitz brought up the wiki and sketched out 'wiki magic,' the mysterious process by which communities with common interests work to improve wiki pages by incremental contributions. If it worked for the rambunctious hacker culture of programming, Kovitz said, it could work for any online collaborative project. The wiki could break the Nupedia bottleneck by permitting volunteers to work simultaneously all over the project. With Kovitz in tow, Sanger rushed back to his apartment and called Wales to share the idea. Over the next few days, he wrote a formal proposal for Wales and started a page on Cunningham's wiki called 'Wikipedia.'"</ref>Wales o ne a bolela ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2001 gore "Larry o ne a na le mogopolo wa go dirisa maranyane a sesupa ditlhaka sa Wiki" mo bathong ba ba neng ba boregile ka thulaganyo ya Nupedia,<ref>Wales, Jimmy (October 30, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20140620072830/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html LinkBacks]?". Wikimedia. Archived from [[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|the original]] (Email) on June 20, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref> mme moragonyana a bolela ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2005 gore Rosenfeld o ne a mo itsise kgopolo ya wiki.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness]". [[:en:Wired_News|Wired News]]. May 3, 2007. Archived from [https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium the original] on March 28, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2007. Wired.com states: "Wales offered the following on-the-record comment in an e-mail to NewAssignment.net editor [and NYU Professor] [[:en:Jay_Rosen|Jay Rosen]] ...' Larry Sanger was my employee working under my direct supervision during the entire process of launching Wikipedia. He was not the originator of the proposal to use a wiki for the encyclopedia project – that was Jeremy Rosenfeld'."</ref> Sanger o ne a akanya gore wiki e tla nna polatefomo e e siameng go e dirisa, mme a tshitshinya mo lenaaneng la go romela la Nupedia gore wiki e e theilweng mo UseModWiki (ka nako eo v. 0.90)e tlhomiwe jaaka lenaneo la "mojesi" ya Nupedia. Ka fa tlase ga setlhogo sa "A re direng wiki", o ne a kwala jaana:<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html Let's make a wiki]". Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Nnyaa, se ga se tshitshinyo e e sa tshwanelang. Ke kakanyo ya go tsenya karolo e nnye mo Nupedia. Jimmy Wales o akanya gore batho ba le bantsi ba ka nna ba fitlhela kgopolo eno e sa amogelesege, mme nna ga ke akanye jalo... Fa e le ka tiriso ya wiki ya Nupedia, eno ke thulaganyo ya BOFELO e e "bulegileng" le e e motlhofo ya go tlhama diteng. Re kile ra buisana gangwe le gape ka megopolo ya diporojeke tse di bonolo, tse di bulegileng thata, tse di ka emelang kgotsa tsa tlaleletsa Nupedia. Go lebega mo go nna gore diwiki di ka dirisiwa ka bonako thata, di tlhoka tlhokomelo e nnye fela, mme ka kakaretso ga di na kotsi e kgolo. Gape di ka nna motswedi o mogolo wa diteng. Ka jalo, ga go na mathata a magolo a a ka nnang teng, go ya ka kafa ke bonang ka teng. Wales e ne ya tlhoma e le nngwe mme ya e tsenya mo maranyaneng ka Laboraro wa kgwedi ya Ferikgong etlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001, ka fa tlase ga karolo ya nupedia.com.<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html Nupedia's wiki: try it out".] Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003.</ref> Se se ne sa sutela kwa wiki e ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga karolo ya wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgonge tlhola malatsia a le lesome le botlhano. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa, lenaneo la [[:en:GNUPedia|GNUPedia]] la [[:en:Free_Software_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Mananeo a disupa ditlhaka a Mahala]] (FSF) e ne ya tsena mo maranyaneng, e e neng e ka nna ya gaisana le [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]],<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603 Slashdot Comments | GNUPedia Project Starting]". Slashdot.org. January 17, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990 Archived] from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme mo dingwageng di le mmalwa FSF e ne ya rotloetsa batho "go etela le go tsenya letsogo mo [Wikipedia]" boemong jwa seo.<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ "The Free Encyclopedia Project]". GNU.org. 2012 [1999]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ Archived] from the original on December 21, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2012.</ref> === Go tlhongwa ga Wikipedia === ''Bona gape: [[:en:First_Wikipedia_edit|Tseleganyo ya ntlha ya Wikipedia]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia's_oldest_articles|Wikipedia:Ditlhogo tsa bogologolo tsa Wikipedia]], le [[:en:Wikipedia:First_100_pages|Wikipedia:Ditsebe tsa ntlha di le]]'' ''[[:en:Wikipedia:First_100_pages|lekgolo]]'' Go ne go na le go okaoka mo gare ga barulaganyi ka go bofa Nupedia gaufi thata le kelelo ya tiro ya mofuta wa wiki.<ref name=":4" /> Morago ga gore wiki ya Nupedia e thankgololwe ka fa tlase ga nupedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html "&#x5B;Nupedia-l&#x5D; Nupedia's wiki: try it out"]. April 25, 2003. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> Wales e ne ya akantshanya go simolola lenaneo le le ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga leina la yone, mme Sanger o ne a akantshanya ''Wikipedia'', a e tlhama jaaka "lenaneo la tlaleletso ya Nupedia e e dirang e e ikemetseng ka nosi gotlhelele."<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 11, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html <nowiki>Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki</nowiki>]..." Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Wiki e ntšhwa e ne ya simololwa kwa wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001. [[:en:Bandwidth_(computing)|Bophara jwa bogolo jwa kgokaganyo ya maranyane]] le [[:en:Server_(computing)|tsamaiso e e bolokang tshedimosetso]] (e e kwa San Diego) tse di dirisitsweng mo mananeong ao a ntlha di ne tsa neelwa ke Bomis. Badiri ba le bantsi ba pele ba Bomis moragonyana ba ne ba ntsha diteng tsa ensaetlopedia: segolobogolo [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]], motlhami-mmogo le moragonyana Mokhuduthamaga wa Bomis, le motlhami wa dithulaganyo Jason Richey. [[Setshwantsho:Jimmy Wales' Mac and the First Wikipedia Edit — "Hello World" (51738433963).jpg|thumb|iMac ya ga Jimmy Wales e ne e dirisiwa go dira tseleganyo ya ntlha mo Wikipedia]] Wales o boletse ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2008 gore o dirile tseleganyo ya ntlha ya Wikipedia, tseleganyo ya teko e e nang le mokwalo o o reng "[[:en:"Hello,_World!"_program|Dumela, Lefatshe]]!", mme se e ka tswa e ne e le mo mofuteng wa bogologolo wa Wikipedia o ka bonako morago ga moo o neng wa phimolwa mme wa emisediwa ka go simolola gape.<ref>Message by Jimmy Wales {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412003535/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&diff=prev&oldid=258632986|date=12 April 2016}} Wednesday 17 December 2008. Retrieved Saturday 30 January 2010.</ref><ref>Starling, Tim (January 14, 2011). "[[mailarchive:wikien-l/2011-January/108198.html|Hello world]]?". ''WikiEN-l'' (Mailing list). Retrieved June 4, 2022.</ref>Tseleganyo ya ntlha e e neng ya boela mo Wikipedia.com e ne e le ya Tsebe ya Gae ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, e e neng e balega jaana "E ke Wikipedia e ntšhwa!"; e ka bonwa [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/908493298|fa]].<ref>Wikipedia's earliest edits were once believed lost, as early [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] software deleted data after a month. But on 14 December 2010, [[:en:Tim_Starling|Tim Starling]] found backups on [[:en:SourceForge|SourceForge]] containing every change made to Wikipedia from its creation in January 2001 to 17 August 2001. As of 2019, these were imported into Wikipedia's edit history. Before that, the first edits that had been known were to [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/291430|Wikipedia:UuU]], [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/286342|TransporT]], and [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/11992008|User:ScottMoonen]] on 16 January 2001.</ref> Go nna teng ga lenaneo go ne ga itsisiwe semmuso mme boikuelo jwa gore baithaopi ba nne le seabe mo go tlhameng diteng bo ne jwa dirwa kwa lenaaneng la go romela ka poso la Nupedia ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html <nowiki>"[Nupedia-l] Wikipedia is up!</nowiki>]". March 31, 2003. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html the original] on March 31, 2003. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Lenaneo le ne la amogela batsayakarolo ba le bantsi ba bašwa morago ga go umakiwa mo lefelong ya maranyane le le naleng tshedimosetso ya [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Britannica and Free Content]". Slashdot. July 26, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Archived] from the original on January 14, 2009.</ref> e setse e umakilwe gabedi ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwo ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99 "Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer]". Slashdot. March 5, 2001.</ref><ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95 "Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes]". Slashdot. March 29, 2001.</ref> Morago ga moo e ne ya amogela tshupo e e tlhageletseng ya kgang mo lefelong ya maranyane le le naleng tshedimosetso le setso e e rulagantsweng ke baagi ya Kuro5hin, e e rulaganngwang ke setšhaba, e e buang ka maranyane le setso, ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 "Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias]". Kuro5hin. July 25, 2001. Archived from [http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 the original] on November 7, 2001.</ref> Fa gare ga go tsena moo ga batho ba le bantsi, go ne go ntse go na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba tla go tswa kwa metsweding e mengwe, segolobogolo Google, e e neng e romela makgolokgolo a baeng ba basha mo lefelong e e le nosi letsatsi le letsatsi. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Kgaso ya yone]] [[:en:Mainstream_media|ya bobegakgang]] ya ntlha e kgolo e ne e le mo [[:en:The_New_York_Times|''The New York Times'']] ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>Meyers, Peter (September 20, 2001). [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html "Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You]". The New York Times. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090415232001/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html Archived] from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> === Dikgaogano le go dira gore dilo di nne tsa boditšhabatšhaba === Kwa tshimologong ya tlhabololo ya Wikipedia, e ne ya simolola go atologa kwa mafatsheng a mangwe, ka go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Namespace|mafelo a masha a maina]], lengwe le lengwe le na le setlhopa se se farologaneng sa [[:en:Username|maina a badirisi]]. [[:en:Subdomain|Karolopotlana]] ya ntlha e e tlhametsweng Wikipedia e e seng ya Seesemane e ne e le [[:en:German_Wikipedia|deutsche.wikipedia.com]] (e e tlhamilweng ka Labotlhano kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa 2001, mo nakong ya oura e le nngwe le metsotso e le masome a mararo le borobedi kwa morago ga nako ya UTC),<ref>"[[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|Alternative language Wikipedias]]". Lists. Wikimedia. March 15, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html Archived] from the original on June 20, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme morago ga dioura di le mmalwa ya latelwa ke [[:en:Catalan_Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]] (ka oura ya lesome le boraro le metsotso e le supa mo nakong ya UTC).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage "History of the Catalan Homepage]". Wikipedia. Archived from [https://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage the original] on April 13, 2001. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> [[:en:Japanese_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sejapane]], e e simolotseng e le nihongo.wikipedia.com, e ne ya tlhamiwa mo pakeng eo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 "Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage]". April 20, 2001. Archived from [https://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 the original] on April 20, 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/ Wikipedia: HomePage]". March 31, 2001. Archived from [https://www.wikipedia.com/ the original] on March 31, 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref>mme kwa tshimologong e ne e dirisa fela [[:en:Romanization_of_Japanese|Sejapane se se fetotsweng sa Seroma]]. Mo dikgweding di ka nna pedi Se-Catalan e ne e le sone se se nang le dipego tse dintsi ka puo e e seng ya Seesemane,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)|Multilingual monthly statistics]]</ref><ref>[https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1 "First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia]" (in Catalan). Wikipedia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac Archived] from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> le fa dipalopalo tsa nako eo ya ntlha di sa nepagala.<ref>This [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)&oldid=192353617 table] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221921/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AMultilingual_monthly_statistics_%282001%29&oldid=192353617 Archived] 22 February 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], for instance, misses Japanese and German articles such as [https://web.archive.org/web/20010421123743/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nihongo_no_funimekusu this one] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20010411030440/http://deutsche.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nupedia_Deutsch-L_Sektion this one], both dated 6 April 2001.</ref> Wikipedia ya Sefora e tlhamilwe ka kgotsa mo e ka nnang ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome lebongwe ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>The [https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Documentation on the French Wikipedia] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210608194149/https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Archived] 8 June 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] mentions the date of 23 March 2001, but this date is not supported by Wikipedia snapshots on the [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nor by Jason Richey's letter, which was dated 11 May 2001 (see below).</ref> ka lekhubu la diphetolelo tse dišwa tsa puo tse gape di neng di akaretsa [[:en:Chinese_Wikipedia|Setšhaena]], [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Sedatšhe]], [[:en:Esperanto_Wikipedia|Seeseperanto]], [[:en:Hebrew_Wikipedia|Sehebera]], [[:en:Italian_Wikipedia|Sentadiana]], [[:en:Portuguese_Wikipedia|Sepotokisi]], [[:en:Russian_Wikipedia|Serussia]], [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Sepanishe]], le [[:en:Swedish_Wikipedia|Sesweden]].<ref>[[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html|Letter of Jason Richey to wikipedia-l mailing list]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620081721/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html Archived] 20 June 2014 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] 11 May 2001</ref> Go ise go ye kae dipuo tseno di ne tsa kopanngwa ke [[:en:Arabic_Wikipedia|Searabia]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage "Homepage from the Internet Archive"]. Wikipedia. Archived from [https://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage the original] on November 18, 2001. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> le [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Sehungary]].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Announcements]] May 2001</ref><ref>"[https://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history International Wikipedia]". Wikipedia. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 2001, kitsiso e ne ya solofetsa go ineela mo tlamelong ya dipuo tse dintsi ya Wikipedia,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Announcements_2001#September_2001|Wikipedia:Announcements 2001]]</ref> e itsise badirisi ka go phatlaldiwa gmo go tlang ga Wikipedias ya dipuo tsotlhe tse dikgolo, go tlhongwa ga maemo a konokono, le go kgaratlhela thanolo ya ditsebe tsa konokono tsa wiki tsa ditsebe tse dišwa tsa wiki. Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga oo, fa dipalopalo tsa boditšhabatšhaba di ne di simolola go kwalwa la ntlha, go ne ga itsisiwe diphetolelo tsa [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Seaforikanse]], [[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Senorway]] le [[:en:Serbian_Wikipedia|Seserbia]].<ref>"[https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics International Wikipedias statistics]". [https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics Wikipedia]. Archived from the original on March 5, 2003. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2002, karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia di ne di le ka Seesemane. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2004, batho ba ba kwa tlase ga karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong e ne e le Baesemane, mme go dira gore batho ba nne ba boditšhabatšhaba gono go tsweletse go oketsega fa ensaetlopedia e e ntse e gola. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2014, mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a borobabobedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia di ne di le mo mefuteng ya Wikipedia e e seng ya Seesemane.<ref>"[[m:List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)]]". Wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total Archived] from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2014.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2023, Di-Wikipedia tsa Seesemane le tsa Seesemane se se motlhofo di na le dipego di le didikadike di le di le supa fa gare ga tsone, mme mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dipego di ne di le mo di-Wikipedia tse e seng tsa Seesemane.<ref>[[m:List_of_Wikipedias|"List of Wikipedias – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> === Tlhabololo ya Wikipedia === Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2002, morago ga go gogelwa morago ga matlole ke Bomis ka nako ya go [[:en:Dot-com_bubble|phutlhama ga dot-com]], Sanger o ne a tlogela Nupedia le Wikipedia ka bobedi.<ref>Schiff, Stacy (July 31, 2006). "[https://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact Know It All]". [[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20081122125817/http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact Archived] from the original on November 22, 2008. Retrieved April 25, 2009.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2002, ene le Wales ba ne ba sa tshwane ka dikgopolo tsa bone tsa gore ba ka laola jang diensaetlopedia tse di bulegileng sentle. Bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba sa ntse ba tshegetsa kgopolo ya tirisanommogo e e bulegileng, mme ba ne ba sa dumalane ka gore ba ka tshwara jang barulaganyi ba ba kgoreletsang, dikarolo tse di rileng tsa baitseanape, le tsela e e molemolemo ya go kaela porojeke gore e atlege. Wales o ne a tswelela go tlhoma go ipusa le go ikaela [[:en:Business_development|go tswa kwa tlase go ya kwa godimo]] ke barulaganyi mo Wikipedia. O ne a tlhalosa sentle gore ga a kitla a nna le seabe mo tsamaisong ya letsatsi le letsatsi ya morafe, mme o tlaa o rotloetsa go ithuta go itaola le go ipatlela mekgwa e e gaisang. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2007, Wales e ne ya lekanyetsa seabe sa gagwe thata go ntsha ditshwaelo tsa nako le nako mo dikgannyeng tse di masisi, tiro ya bokhuduthamaga, go buelela kitso, le go rotloetsa diporojeke tse di tshwanang tsa ditshupiso. Sanger o rile ke "moakaretsi" mme o bulegile mo e ka nnang sengwe le sengwe,<ref>Anderson, Nate (February 25, 2007). [https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3 "Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia"]. Ars Technica. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3 Archived] from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2011.</ref> mme a tshitshinya gore baitseanape ba santse ba na le lefelo mo lefatsheng la [[:en:Web_2.0|Web 2.0.]] Ka ngwaga wa 2006 o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e bulegileng e e neng e dirisa maina a mmatota a batsayakarolo go fokotsa go tseleganya go go kgoreletsang, mme a solofela go tlhofofatsa "kaelo e e bonolo ya baitseanape" go oketsa go nepagala ga diteng tsa yone. Ditshwetso ka ga diteng tsa pego di ne di tshwanetse go nna mo diatleng tsa baagi, mme lefelo le ne le tshwanetse go akaretsa polelo ka ga "diteng tse di siametseng lelapa".<ref>[http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy "Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium]". en.citizendium.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy Archived] from the original on November 20, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>Anderson, Nate (February 25, 2007). [https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars "Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia"]. Ars Technica. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars Archived] from the original on March 24, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref> === Diteng tsa nako e e fetileng tsa Wikipedia === Dipego tsa bogologolo, le tse di sa tlholeng di dirisiwa, tsa ensaetlopedia di botlhokwa thata mo dipatlisisong tsa ditso .<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/ Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic]". [[:en:The_Atlantic|The Atlantic]]. January 26, 2021. Archived from [https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/ the original] on January 26, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</ref> Mo pegong nngwe le nngwe ya Wikipedia, mefuta e e fetileng e ka fitlhelelwa ka kgokagano ya "Leba ditso" e e kwa godimo ga tsebe. Ditso tse di feletseng tsa dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia le tsone di ka laisololwa jaaka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|dithotobolo tsa tshedimosetso]], ka sebopego sa difaele tsa [[:en:XML|XML]] tse di gateletsweng.<ref>Koehrsen, Will (October 26, 2018). [https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c "Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia"]. ''Towards Data Science''. Retrieved February 4, 2025.</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, Polokelo ya Faele ya ZIM,<ref name=":8">[[iarchive:zimarchive|"ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming]]". Internet Archive. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</ref> kwa [[:en:Internet_Archive|Polokelong ya Maranyane]], e na le dinepe tse di feletseng tsa nako e e fetileng tsa Wikipedia mmogo le ditlhopho tsa dipego, ka dipuo tse dintsi, go tswa mo dingwageng tse di farologaneng. Di ka bulwa ka mananeo a maranyane a [[:en:Kiwix|Kiwix]]. Magareng ga dingwaga tsa 2007 le 2011, go ne ga gololwa [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|mefuta e meraro ya]] [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|polokelo ya CD/DVD]] (e e bidiwang Mofuta wa Wikipedia 0.5, 0.7 le 0.8) e e nang le tlhopho ya dipego go tswa mo [[:en:English_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Seesemane]]. Di ne tsa nna teng jaaka difaele tsa Kiwix ZIM, go tswa mo Polokelong ya Difaele tsa ZIM<ref name=":8" /> le go tswa mo lefelong la go laisolola ya Kiwix.[70] === Phetogo ya letshwao === == Molanako == ''Dipego tse di sobokanyang ngwaga le ngwaga di tshwarwa mo teng ga lefelo la maina a lenaneo la Wikipedia mme di golaganngwa le tse di fa tlase. Didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa patlisiso di teng mo teng ga dipalo le dipolokelo tsa Wikipedia, mme di kwadilwe kwa bokhutlong jwa pego eo.'' === Ngwagasome wa ntlha: Ngwaga wa 2000 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2009 === ==== Ngwaga wa 2000 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|thumb|Babereki ba Bomis magareng ga dingwaga tsa 2000]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2000, lenaneo la [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] le ne la simololwa. Maikaelelo a yone e ne e le go gatisa dipego tse di kwadilweng ke baitseanape tse di neng di tla fiwa tetla jaaka [[:en:Free_content|diteng tsa mahala]]. Nupedia e tlhomilwe ke Wales, a nale Sanger e le morulaganyi-mogolo, mme e tshegeditswe ka matlole ke kompone ya papatso ya boranyane ya [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]].<ref>Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ The Hive]". [[:en:The_Atlantic|The Atlantic]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061223004004/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia Archived] from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved January 1, 2007.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2001 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2001, Wikipedia e ne ya simolola e le lenaneo le le kwa thoko ya Nupedia, go letla tirisanommogo mo dipegong pele ga go tsena mo thulaganyong ya tshekatsheko ya balekane.<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html Let's make a wiki"]. Nupedia-l mailing list. Internet Archive. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Leina le le ne la ntshiwa e le kakanyo ke Sanger ka la bo kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le le lesome le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2001 jaaka [[:en:Portmanteau|kopano ya mafoko]] ''[[:en:Wiki|wiki]]'' ([[:en:Hawaiian_language|Sehawaiian]] a a kayang "bofefo") le ''ensaetlopedia''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html <nowiki>"[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki</nowiki>]..." nupedia.com. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Maina a kgolagano ya karolo a ''wikipedia.com'' le ''wikipedia.org'' a ne a kwadisiwa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bobedi <ref>[[:en:Network_Solutions|Network Solutions]] (2007) [http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.com WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.com from Network Solutions] Archived 27 September 2007 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Retrieved 27 July 2007.</ref> le a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro,<ref>[[:en:Network_Solutions|Network Solutions]] (2007). [http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.org "WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.org from Network Solutions] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194913/http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.org Archived] 27 September 2007 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]". Retrieved 27 July 2007.</ref> ka go latelana, mme ''wikipedia.org'' e ne ya tsenngwa mo maranyaneng ka lone letsatsi leo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Wikipedia.org Site Info]". [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Archived] from the original on October 6, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2010.</ref> Lenaneo le ne la bulwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Letsatsi la Wikipedia"]]), ka di-Wikipedia tsa ntlha tsa boditšhabatšhaba – dikgatiso tsa Sejeremane, [[:en:Catalan_language|Se-Catalan]], Sefora, [[:en:Swedish_language|Se-Sweden]], le Se-italia– tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa fa gare ga dikgwedi tsa Mopitlo le Motsheganong. Melawana ya "ntlha ya pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore" ([[:en:Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view|NPOV]]) e ne ya tlhamiwa semmuso ka nako eno, mme lekhubu la ntlha la Wikipedia la [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter]] le ne la goroga ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le maosme a mabedi le borataro.<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Britannica and Free Content]". Slashdot. July 26, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Archived] from the original on January 14, 2009.</ref> Pegelo ya ntlha ya bobegakgang ka ga Wikipedia e ne ya tlhagelela ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga 2001 mo mokwalong wa dikgang ywa [[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|''Wales ka Sontaga'']].<ref>[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]] (26 August 2001) Knowledge at your fingertips. Game On: Internet Chat.(writing, "Both Encarta and Britannica are official publications with well-deserved reputations. But there are other options, such as homemade encyclopaedias. One is Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.com) which uses clever software to build an encyclopaedia from scratch. Wiki is software installed on a web server that allows anyone to edit any of the pages. On Wikipedia, anyone can write about any subject they know about. The idea is that over time, enough experts will offer their knowledge for free and build up the world's ultimate hand-built database of knowledge. The disadvantage is that it's still an ongoing project. So far about 8,000 articles have been written and the editors are aiming for 100,000.")</ref> [[:en:September_11_attacks|Ditlhaselo tsa kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe]] di ne tsa dira gore go tlhagelele dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo tsebeng ya gae, mmogo le mabokoso a tshedimosetso a a golaganyang dipego tse di amanang le tsone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011010233257/http://www.wikipedia.com/ October 2001 homepage screenshot] shows the "Breaking News" header up top, as well as 11 September 2001 block of articles under "Current events"; the [https://web.archive.org/web/20011010230439/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/September_11%2C_2001_Terrorist_Attack 9/11] page shows the activist nature of the page, as well as the large number of subtopics created to cover the event.</ref> Ka nako eo, go ne go setse go tlhamilwe dipego di ka nna lekgolo tse di amanang le 9/11 .<ref>Keegan, Brian (November 17, 2020). [https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html "How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today]". Slate. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html Archived] from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2021.</ref> Morago ga ditlhaselo tsa kgwedi ya Lwetse a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe, go ne ga tlhaga kgokagano ya setlhogo sa Wikipedia se se buang ka ditlhaselo tseno mo [[:en:Yahoo!|Yahoo!]] tsebe ya gae, mme seno sa felela ka gore go nne le koketsego ya pharakano.<ref>Pasternack, Alex (September 11, 2021). [https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page "How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page".] Fast Company. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page Archived] from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2021.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2002 ==== Ngwaga wa 2002 e ne ya bona go fokodiwa ga matlole a Wikipedia go tswa go [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]] le go tsamaya ga ga Sanger. Go ne ga nna le go [[:en:Fork_(software_development)|kgaogana]] ga [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sepanishe]], ka go tlhongwa ga [[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|''Encyclopedia Libre'']]. Jimmy Wales o netefaditse gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e tsamaisa papatso ya kgwebo. Maranyane a sesupaditshwantsho a ntlha a a rwalegang a [[:en:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] a ne a simolola go dira ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsia le masome a matlhano. Go ne ga tlhagisiwa diroboto. Lenaneo la ntlha la kgaitsadi ([[:en:Wiktionary|Wiktionary]]) le [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Bukana ya]] [[:en:Manual_of_Style|mokgwa]] ya ntlha ya semmuso di ne tsa thankgololwa. Batshwaedi ba ka nna makgolo a mabedi ba ne ba tseleganya Wikipedia letsatsi le letsatsi.<ref>Singer, Michael (January 16, 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20030316082912/http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641 "Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One]". [[:en:Mecklermedia|''Jupitermedia'']]. Archived from [http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641 the original] on March 16, 2003.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2003 ==== [[Setshwantsho:2003-08-31 English Wikipedia main page.svg|thumb|Tsebekgolo ya Wikipedia (kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2003)]] Wikipedia ya Seesemane e fetile dipego di le dikete tse lekgolo ka ngwaga wa 2003, fa kgatiso e e latelang e kgolo go gaisa, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane, e fetile di le dikete tse lesome. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] o ne wa tlhongwa. Wikipedia e amogetse letshwao la yone la lefatshe la jigsaw. Difomula tsa dipalo tse di dirisang [[:en:TeX|TeX]] di ne tsa tsenngwa gape mo lefelong la tshedimosetse. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Kopano ya ntlha ya loago ya Wikipedia]] e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa lefelong la [[:en:Munich|Munich]], kwa lefatsheng la Germany, ka Phalane. Melaometheo ya motheo ya tsamaiso ya [[:en:Wikipedia:ArbCom|Katlholo le komiti ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane]] ("ArbCom") e ne ya tlhamiwa. [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] e ne ya tlhamiwa jaaka lenaneo le le farologaneng ka kgwedi ya Ngwanaitseele a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa 2003, go amogela metswedi ya mahala ya mafoko jaaka maikaelelo a yone mo dipuong tse dintsi le dithanolo. ==== Ngwaga wa 2004 ==== Letamo la dipego tsa Wikipedia lefatshe ka bophara le ne la tswelela go gola ka bonako ka ngwaga wa 2004, la menagana gabedi ka bogolo mo dikgweding di le lesome le bobedi, go tswa mo dipegong tse di ka fa tlase ga dikete tse makgolo a matlhano kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2003 go ya ko go tse di fetang sedikadike se le sengwe ka dipuo tse di fetang lekgolo kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2004. Dipego tsa Seesemane fela tsa Wikipedia tse di ne tsa dira gore go nne le dipego tse di ka fa tlase ga dikete tse makgolo a matlhano. Dipolase tsa disefara tsa lefelo la tshedimosetso di ne tsa fudusiwa go tswa kwa California go ya kwa Florida. [[:en:Wikipedia:Categories|Ditlhopha]] le dipampiri tsa thulaganyo ya mokgwa wa [[:en:CSS|CSS]] di ne tsa tlhagisiwa. Maiteko a ntlha a go thibela Wikipedia a ne a diragala, ka lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la thibelwa kwa China dibeke di le pedi ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo. Ditlhopho tsa semmuso di ne tsa simolola tsa boto ya mokgatlho, le Komiti ya Katlholo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane. Kgaolo ya ntlha ya bosetšhaba ya Motheo, e leng [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]], e ne ya amogelwa. Kopano, ya ntlha ya loago kwa United States e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa [[:en:Boston|Boston]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Boston1|ka kgwedi ya Phukwi]]. [[:en:Wikimedia_Commons|Wikimedia Commons]] e tlhamilwe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola letsatsi le supa ka ngwaga wa 2004 go amogela difaele tsa media tsa Wikipedia ka dipuo tsotlhe. Bourgeois v. Peters,<ref name=":9">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf 387 F.3d 1303]" (PDF). Archived from [http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf the original] (PDF) on December 21, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2013.</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), tsheko ya kgotlatshekelo e e neng ya swetswa ke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo ya United States ya Potologo ya Bolesome le bongwe]] e ne e le nngwe ya dikgopolo tsa ntlha tsa kgotlatshekelo go nopola le go nopola Wikipedia.<ref>Peoples, Lee (January 2010). [http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt "The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions]". Yale Journal of Law and Technology. 12 (1). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150224051512/http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt Archived] from the original on February 24, 2015.</ref> E ne ya bolela jaana: "Gape re gana kgopolo ya gore maemo a kgakololo ya matshosetsi a Lephata la Tshireletso ya Naga ka tsela nngwe a siametse dipatlisiso tseno. Le fa maemo a matshosetsi a ne a 'tlhatlositswe' ka nako ya boipelaetso, 'go fitlha ga jaana, maemo a matshosetsi a ntse a le mo mmala o mosetlha (a tlhatlositswe) go ya go mmala wa lamune mo bontsing jwa nako e e fetileng. makgetlo a le mantsi.'"<ref name=":9" /> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, Wikipedia e ne ya fetola letlalo la yone la thulaganyetsoruri go tswa go [[mw:Skin:Standard|Tlwaelo]] go ya go [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], segokaganyi se se neng sa nna sa thulaganyo ya ruri mo mafelong a tshedimosetso a Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref>"[[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]]". MediaWiki. Retrieved April 30, 2026.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2005 ==== Ka ngwaga wa 2005, Wikipedia e ne ya nna lefelo la tshedimosetso le le ratiwang thata ya ditshupiso mo maranyaneng, go ya ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], ka Wikipedia ya Seesemane e le nosi e e fetang dipego di le dikete di le makgolo a supa le botlhano. Dikgoro tsa ntlha tsa Wikipedia tsa dipuo tse dintsi le tsa dirutwa di ne tsa tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 2005. Kokoanyo ya semmuso ya madi e e neng ya tshwarwa mo kotareng ya ntlha ya ngwaga e ne ya kokoanya mo e ka nnang di dolara tsa lefatshe la Amerika di le dikete tse lekgolo ya go tlhabolola tsamaiso go samagana le tlhokego e e golang. China e ne ya thibela Wikipedia gape ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa 2005. Matlhabisaditlhong a ntlha a magolo a Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|tiragalo ya ga Seigenthaler]], a diragetse ka ngwaga wa 2005 fa go ne go fitlhelwa gore motho yo o itsegeng thata o na le mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho jo bo sentsweng jo bo neng bo sa lemogiwe dikgwedi di le dintsi. Morago ga matshwenyego ano le a mangwe,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons|WP:BLP]] was started on 17 December 2005, with the narrative "I started this due to the Daniel Brandt situation". [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=31753956 Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210609020908/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=31753956 Archived] 9 June 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> go ne ga tlhongwa diphetogo tsa ntlha tsa melawana le tsa tsamaiso tse di neng di diretswe ka tlhamalalo go lwantsha mofuta ono wa kgokgontsho. Tse di ne di akaretsa ntšhwafatso e ntšhwa ya molawana wa tshiamelo ya [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] go thusa mo dipatlisisong tsa [[:en:Sockpuppet_(Internet)|dipopae tsa dikausu]], karolo e ntšhwa e e bidiwang tshireletso ye seng botlalo, molawan o o gagametseng thata wa dibuka tsa botshelo jwa batho ba ba tshelang, le go tshwaya dipego tse di ntseng jalo gore di sekasekwe ka tsela e e gagametseng. Thibelo ya go tlhama dipego tse dišwa go badirisi ba ba kwadisitsweng e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong fela ka kgwedi ya Sedimontholeka ngwaga wa 2005 mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane.<ref>Terdiman, Daniel. "[https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/ Growing pains for Wikipedia"]. CNET. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/ Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Wikimania ya ngwaga wa 2005, e leng bokopano jwa ntlha jwa [[:en:Wikimania|Wikimania]], e ne ya tshwarwa go tloga ka letsatsi la bone go fitlha ka letsatsi la borobabobedi ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2005 kwa ''Haus der Jugend'' kwa [[:en:Frankfurt|Frankfurt]], mme ya ngoka batho ba ka nna makgolo a le mararo le masome a borobabobedi ba ba neng ba le teng. ==== Ngwaga wa 2006 ==== Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona pego ya yone ya bo ikadike, [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|seteišene sa terena sa Jordanhill]], ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo a tlhola letsatsi ,ka ngwaga wa 2006.<ref>Simon, Matt (March 1, 2012). [https://www.wired.com/2012/03/march-1-2006-english-wikipedias-millionth-entry-pulls-into-the-station/https://www.wired.com/2012/03/march-1-2006-english-wikipedias-millionth-entry-pulls-into-the-station/ "March 1, 2006: English Wikipedia's Millionth Entry Pulls Into the Station]". [[:en:Wired_(magazine)|Wired]]. Retrieved April 1, 2024.</ref><ref>Lemon, Sumner (March 2, 2006)[https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html . "Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia"]. [[:en:Computerworld|''Computerworld'']]. Retrieved April 1, 2024.</ref> Tlhopho ya ntlha ya pego ya Wikipedia e e amogetsweng e ne ya dirwa gore e kgone go laisololwa mahala, mme "Wikipedia" e ne ya kwadisiwa jaaka letshwaokgwebo la Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|Matlhabisa ditlhong a]] [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho ya bathusi ba phutego]]– ditiragalo tse dintsi tse mo go tsona badiri ba phutego le motsamaisi wa letsholo ba neng ba tshwarwa ba leka go fetola botshelo jwa motho ya Wikipedia ka ha sephiring – a ne a lemogiwa ke setšhaba, mme se sa dira gore motsamaisi wa letsholo a tlogele tiro. Le fa go ntse jalo, Wikipedia e ne ya tsewa e le nngwe ya matshwaokgwebo a matlhano a a kwa godimo a lefatshe ka bophara a ngwaga wa 2006.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352 "brandchannel.com | branding news]". March 21, 2007. Archived from [http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352 the original] on March 21, 2007. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Jimmy Wales o ne a supa kwa [[:en:Wikimania_2006|Wikimania]] [[:en:Wikimania_2006|wa ngwaga wa 2006]] gore Wikipedia e fitlheletse bogolo jo bo lekaneng mme a kopa gore go gatelelwa boleng, gongwe se se tlhagisitsweng sentle mo pitsong ya [[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|dipego di le dikete tse lekgolo tsa boleng jwa dikarolo]]. Go ne ga tlhamiwa tshiamelo e ntšhwa, "botlhokomedi", e e letlang mefuta e e rileng ya ditsebe tse di bolokilweng tse di nang le diteng tse di sa amogelesegeng go tshwaiwa jaaka tse di sa bonweng. Tshireletso e e seng kalo kgatlhanong le tshenyo e e sa itsiweng, e e neng ya tlhagisiwa ka ngwaga wa 2005, e ne ya itshupa e ratwa thata go feta ka fa go neng go solofetswe ka teng, ka ditsebe di feta dikete tse di neng tsa sirelediwa ka bontlhabongwe ka nako epe fela ka ngwaga wa 2006. ==== Ngwaga wa 2007 ==== Wikipedia e ne ya tswelela go gola ka bonako ka ngwaga wa 2007, e na le diakhaonto tsa barulaganyi tse di kwadisitsweng di feta didikadike di le tlhano ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro.<ref>See the special page: [[:en:Special:Statistics|Special:Statistics]]: 5,078,036 registered user accounts as of 13 August 2007, excluding anonymous editors who have not created accounts.</ref> Dikgatiso tsa dipuo di le makgolo a mabedi le botlhano tsa Wikipedia di ne di na le palogotlhe e e kopantsweng ya dipego di le didikadike di le supa ntlha tlhano e leng palogotlhe ya mafoko a le didikadike di le bongwe ntlha supa le bone, ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a tlhola a malatsi a le lesome le boraro .<ref>Source: [[:en:Wikipedia:Size_comparisons|Wikipedia:Size comparisons]] as of 13 August 2007</ref> Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona dipego ka selekanyo se se tlhomameng sa di le sekete se le sengwe le makgolo a supa ka letsatsi,<ref>From around Q3 2006 Wikipedia's growth rate has been approximately linear, source: [[:en:Wikipedia:Statistics|Wikipedia:Statistics]] – new article count by month 2006–2007.</ref> ka leina la kgolagano ya karolo la wikipedia.org le le mo maemong a bo lesome a a naleng ditiro tse dintsi mo lefatsheng. Wikipedia e ne ya tswelela go bonala [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|mo bobegakgannyeng]] – [[:en:Essjay_controversy|kganetsano ya ga Essjay]] e ne ya runya fa leloko le le tlhageletseng la Wikipedia le ne le fitlhelwa le buile maaka ka dintlha tsa gagwe tsa boitshupo. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e gaisanang ya mo maranyaneng, e ne ya thankgololwa phatlalatsa. Tlwaelo e ntšhwa e ne ya tlhagelela mo Wikipedia, ka ensaetlopedia e e neng e bua le batho ba go itsege ga bone go neng go tswa mo go nneng motsayakarolo mo kgannyeng ya dikgang ka go oketsa kaelo go tswa mo leineng la bone go ya kwa kgannyeng e kgolo, go na le go tlhama pego e e tlhaolegileng ya mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho.[<ref>e.g., cases such as [[:en:Crystal_Mangum|Crystal Mangum]] and Daniel Brandt.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2007, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona pego ya yone ya didikadike di le pedi, [[:en:El_Hormiguero|''El Hormiguero'']].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles"]. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. September 9, 2007. Archived from [[foundationsite:wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|the original]] on July 8, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2012.</ref> Go ne ga nna le kganetsano nngwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2007 fa [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Volapük]] e ne e tlola go tswa ko dipegong di le makgolo a supa, masome a borobabongwe le bosupa go ya go feta dikete tse lekgolo le bongwe le dikete tse pedi, ka bokhutshwane ya nna kgatiso ya bo lesome le botlhano e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya Wikipedia, ka ntlha ya go tlhamiwa ga ditlhogo tse di itirisang ke motlhoafaledi wa puo e e agilweng ya [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]<ref>"[http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252 Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie]". PC World (Polish) (in Polish). December 1, 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131106024950/http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252 Archived] from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</ref><ref>Yves Nevelsteen (September 15, 2007). [http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio "Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio"]. Libera Folio (in Esperanto). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio Archived] from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</ref>. Go ya ka [[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|''MIT Technology Review,'']] palo ya barulaganyi ba ba tlhagafetseng ka bontsi jwa dinako mo Wikipedia ya puo ya Seesemane e ne ya fitlha kwa setlhoeng ka ngwaga wa 2007 go feta dikete tse masome a matlhano le bongwe, mme fa e sa le ka nako eo e ntse e fokotsega.<ref>Simonite, Tom (October 22, 2013). "[https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ The Decline of Wikipedia]". [[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ Archived] from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2020.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang kangwaga wa 2007, go ne ga gatisiwa tokololo ya tlhopho ya pego ya Wikipedia ya Mofuta wa 0.5.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team]", Wikipedia, June 12, 2022, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707222542/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 archived] from the original on July 7, 2022, retrieved June 25, 2022</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2008 ==== Mananeo a a farologaneng a Wiki mo mafelong a le mantsi a ne a tswelela go atolosa le go tokafatsa diteng tsa pego mo teng ga bogolo jwa tsone. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2008, go ne ga tlhamiwa pego ya Wikipedia ya didikadike di le lesome, mme kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya feta dipego di le didikadike di le dikete tse pedi le botlhano. ==== Ngwaga wa 2009 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka oura ya masome a mabedi le bobedi le metsotso e le lesome le botlhano mo nakong ya UTC, morago [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ga loso lwa ga Michael Jackson]], lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la phutlhama ka nakwana. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] o begile gore go ne ga nna le baeng ba ba ka nnang didikadike ba ba neng ba le kwa mokwalong wa botshelo jwa ga Jackson mo lobakeng lwa oura e le nngwe, gongwe e le baeng ba bantsi mo lobakeng lwa oura e le nngwe ba ba neng ba le kwa pegong epe fela mo ditsong tsa Wikipedia. Kwa bokhutlong jwa kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2009, palo ya dipego mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia e ne e fetile didikadike di le lesome le bone .<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)]". Wikimedia.org. Archived from [[stats:EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|the original]] on March 5, 2014.</ref> Setlhogo sa didikadike di le tharo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane, [[:en:Beate_Eriksen|Beate Eriksen]], se tlhamilwe ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka nako ya oura ya bone le metsotso e le metlhano, go ya ka Nako ya Lefatshelotlhe e e Rulagantsweng (UTC).<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-08-17/News_and_notes&oldid=309138115 Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2009-08-17/News and notes"], Wikipedia, August 20, 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20210609111443/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-08-17/News_and_notes&oldid=309138115 archived] from the original on June 9, 2021, retrieved March 16, 2023</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2009, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane e ne ya feta dipego di le sedikadike se le sengwe, mme ya nna kgatiso ya bobedi morago ga Wikipedia ya Seesemane go dira jalo. Setlhogo sa [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']] se ne sa kwala Wikipedia mo gare ga mafelo a tshedimosetso a a gaisang tsa ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1918031_1918016_1917948,00.html Wikipedia – 50 Best Websites 2009]" [https://web.archive.org/web/20111202174857/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1918031_1918016_1917948,00.html Archived] 2 December 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. TIME. 24 August 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2011.</ref> Diteng tsa Wikipedia di ne tsa fiwa tetla ka fa tlase ga tetla ya [[:en:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike|Creative Commons ya go Abelana]] ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>"[[m:Licensing_update/Timeline|Licensing update/Timeline – Meta".]] meta.wikimedia.org. October 30, 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline Archived] from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.</ref> === Ngwagasome wa bobedi: ngwaga wa 2010 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2019 === ==== Ngwaga wa 2010 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a masome a mabedi le bone, ditsamaiso tse di bolokang ditshedimosetso tsa Wikipedia tsa karolo kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe ya Europe di ne tsa tswa mo maranyaneng ka ntlha ya bothata jwa go gotela thata. [[:en:Failover|Go palelwa]] ke ditsamaiso tsa poloko ya tshedimosetso kwa Florida go ne ga itshupa go robegile, ga dira gore tharabololo ya [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] ya Wikipedia e palelwe go ralala lefatshe. Bothata bo ne jwa rarabololwa ka bonako, mme ka ntlha ya ditlamorago tsa go boloka DNS, mafelo mangwe a ne a le bonya go kgona go bona Wikipedia gape go feta a mangwe.<ref>Bergsma, Mark (March 24, 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100327123357/http://techblog.wikimedia.org/2010/03/global-outage-cooling-failure-and-dns/ "Global Outage (cooling failure and DNS)"]. Wikimedia Technical Blog. Archived from [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2010/03/global-outage-cooling-failure-and-dns/ the original] on March 27, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2010.</ref><ref>Perez, Juan Carlos (March 25, 2010). [https://www.pcworld.com/article/192410/wikipedia_suffers_global_collapse.html "Wikipedia Suffers Global Collapse"]. PC World. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100329132858/http://www.pcworld.com/article/192410/wikipedia_suffers_global_collapse.html Archived] from the original on March 29, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganonga tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro, lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la golola sebopego se sesha sa yone. Dikarolo tse disha di ne di akaretsa letshwao le le ntšha, didirisiwa tse di ntšha tsa go tsamaya mo lefelong la tshedimosetso le, le sedirisiwa sa go thusa go tlhama dikgokagano<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch New features]". [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]]. Archived from [[:en:Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|the original]] on August 22, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2010.</ref>. Le fa go ntse jalo, sebopego sa bogologolo se ne sa tswelela se le teng gore se dirisiwe ke ba ba neng ba batla go tswelela ba se dirisa. Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bobedi, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya feta palo ya ditlhogo di le didikadike di le dikete tse tharo le botlhano fa setlhogo sa sedikadike sa ntlha sa Wikipedia ya Sefora se ne sa tlhamiwa ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bongwe. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro, go ne ga dirwa tokafatso ya sedikadike ya ntlha mo mananeong otlhe a Wikimedia. Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2010, go ne ga gatisiwa kgatiso ya Wikipedia Version 0.7, e e neng e na le tlhopho ya dipego.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team"], Wikipedia, June 12, 2022, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707222542/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 archived] from the original on July 7, 2022, retrieved June 25, 2022</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2011 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Nngwe ya dikuku di le mmalwa tse di dirilweng go keteka ngwaga wa bo lesome wa Wikipedia ka ngwaga wa 2011]] Wikipedia le badirisi ba yone ba ne ba tshwara meletlo e le mentsi lefatshe ka bophara go gopola [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ngwaga wa bo]] [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|lesome]] wa lefelo leo ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano.<ref>Wikipedia celebrates a decade of edit wars, controversy, and Internet dominance [http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/011111-wikipedia-decade.html?hpg1=bn networkworld.com] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120315204326/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/011111-wikipedia-decade.html?hpg1=bn Archived] 15 March 2012 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> Lefelo leo le ne la simolola maiteko a go atolosa kgolo ya lone kwa India, mme la tshwara bokopano jwa lone jwa ntlha jwa India kwa Mumbai ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ka ngwaga wa 2011.<ref>Vaidyanathan, Rajini (November 19, 2011). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308 "Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push"]. BBC News. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055525/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308 Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112 "Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India]". Reuters. January 12, 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110114211053/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112 Archived] from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2011.</ref> [[:en:English_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Seesemane]] e fetile letshwao la dipego di le didikadike di le dikete tse tharo le botlhano ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a mabedi, mme ya fitlha go dipego di le dimilione di le 3.8 ka la bo 18 Ngwanaitseele. Ka la bo 7 Ngwanaitseele 2011, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane e ne ya feta diphetogo tsa ditsebe di le dimilione di le 100, mme ya nna kgatiso ya bobedi ya puo go dira jalo morago ga kgatiso ya Seesemane, e e neng ya fitlhelela diphetogo tsa ditsebe di le dimilione di le 500 ka la bo 24 Ngwanaitseele 2011. Wikipedia ya Sedatšhe e ne ya feta diathikele di le milione o le 1 go fitlha ka la bo 17 Sedimonthole12. jalo. Ka di 3 Mopitlwe 2011, go ne ga gatisiwa kgololo ya tlhopho ya athikele ya Wikipedia ya Mofuta wa 0.8.[111] Setempe sa "Wikimania 2011 – Haifa, Iseraele" se ne sa ntshiwa ke Israel Post ka la bo 2 Phatwe 2011. Se e ne e le setempe sa ntlha se se neng se neetswe porojeke e e amanang le Wikimedia. Magareng ga 4 le 6 Diphalane 2011, Wikipedia ya Italy e ne ya nna e e sa fitlhelegeng ka boomo go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le molao o o tshitshintsweng wa Palamente ya Italy wa DDL intercettazioni, o, fa o ka amogelwa, o neng o tla letla motho ope fela go pateletsa diwebosaete go tlosa tshedimosetso e e tsewang e le e e seng boammaaruri kgotsa e e kgopisang, kwantle ga go tlamela1. Gape ka Diphalane 2011, Wikimedia e ne ya itsise go simololwa ga Wikipedia Zero, e leng letsholo la go kgontsha phitlhelelo ya mahala ya difouno tsa selula mo Wikipedia mo dinageng tse di tlhabologang ka tirisanommogo le badirisi ba difouno tsa selula.[113][114] Ka Ferikgong 16, motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia Jimmy Wales o ne a itsise gore Wikipedia ya Seesemane e tla tswalwa diura di le 24 ka Ferikgong 18 jaaka karolo ya boipelaetso jo bo neng bo ikaeletse go bitsa tlhokomelo ya setšhaba mo Molaong o o tshitshintsweng wa go Emisa Borukhutlhi jwa Inthanete le Molao wa PROTECT IP, e leng melao e mebedi e e kgatlhanong le borukhutlhi jwa United States ka fa tlase ga ngangisano. Fa ba bitsa go kgaoga ga motlakase "tshwetso ya baagi", Wales le baganetsi ba bangwe ba melao ba ne ba dumela gore e tla tsenya puo e e gololesegileng le boitshimololedi jwa mo inthaneteng mo kotsing.[115] Go tima ga motlakase go go tshwanang go ne ga dirwa ka la bo 10 Phukwi ke Wikipedia ya Russia, go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le molao o o tshitshintsweng wa taolo ya inthanete ya Russia.[116] Mo bokhutlong jwa Mopitlwe 2012, Wikimedia Deutschland e ne ya itsise ka Wikidata, e leng polatefomo ya lefatshe lotlhe ya go abelana tshedimosetso fa gare ga dikgatiso tsotlhe tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia.[117][118] Porojeke ya Wikidata ya didolara di le dimilione di le 1,7 tsa Amerika e ne e tlamelwa ke Google, Mokgatlho wa Gordon le Betty Moore, le Setheo sa Allen sa Botlhale jwa Maitirelo.[119] Wikimedia Deutschland e ne ya tsaya maikarabelo a kgato ya ntlha ya Wikidata, mme kwa tshimologong e ne e rulagantse go dira gore polatefomo e nne teng mo barulaganying ka Sedimonthole 2012. Kgato ya ntlha ya Wikidata e ne ya simolola go dira ka botlalo ka Mopitlwe 2013.[120][121] [[Setshwantsho:Justin Anthony Knapp (cropped).jpg|thumb|Justin Knapp]] Ka Moranang 2012, Justin Knapp o ne a nna mokwadi wa ntlha a le mongwe go dira diphetogo tse di fetang milione o le mongwe mo Wikipedia.[122][123] Jimmy Wales o ne a akgola Knapp ka tiro ya gagwe mme a mo naya mmentlele o o Kgethegileng wa Barnstar wa lefelo leno le awate ya Golden Wiki ka ntlha ya phitlhelelo ya gagwe.[124] Wales gape e ne ya bolela gore Moranang a le 20 e tla nna "Letsatsi la ga Justin Knapp".[125] Ka la bo 13 Phukwi 2012, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona athikele ya yone ya bo dimilione di le 4, Izbat al-Burj.[126] Ka Diphalane 2012, raditiragalo le morulaganyi wa Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen o ne a ntsha mogopolo wa gore Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne e "gaufi le go wediwa", a tlhokomela gore palo ya barulaganyi ba ba dirang ka metlha e ne e wetse tlase thata fa e sale ka 2007, le fa Wikipedia e ne e gola ka bonako mo palong ya diathikele le mo babading.[12] Go ya ka Inthanete ya Alexa, Wikipedia e ne e le webosaete ya borataro e e tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go tloga ka Ngwanaitseele 2012.[128] Dow Jones e ne ya baya Wikipedia mo maemong a botlhano lefatshe ka bophara go tloga ka Sedimonthole 2012.[129] Ka di 22 Ferikgong 2013, Wikipedia ya Sentadiana e ne ya nna kgatiso ya botlhano ya puo ya Wikipedia go feta diathikele di le milione o le 1, fa Wikipedia ya Se-Russia le ya Sepanishe e ne ya bona diathikele tsa tsone tsa milione ka di 11 le di 16 tsa Motsheganong ka go latelana. Ka la bo 15 Phukwi di-Wikipedia tsa Se-Sweden le ka Lwetse di le 24 tsa Se-Poland di ne tsa bona diathikele tsa tsone tsa bomilione, mme tsa nna dikgatiso tsa borobedi le tsa borobongwe tsa Wikipedia go dira jalo. Ka la bo 27 Ferikgong, asteroid e kgolo ya lebanta 274301 e ne ya bidiwa semmuso "Wikipedia" ke Komiti ya Maina a Mmele o Mennye.[130] Kgato ya ntlha ya polokelotshedimosetso ya Wikidata, e e neng e tlamela ka dikgokagano tsa dipuo tse di farologaneng le tshedimosetso e nngwe ka go itirisa, e ne ya nna teng mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo ka Mopitlwe 2013.[121] Ka Moranang 2013, tirelo ya sephiri ya Fora e ne ya latofadiwa ka go leka go tlhotlhomisa Wikipedia ka go tshosetsa moithaopi wa Wikipedia ka go tshwarwa ntle le fa "tshedimosetso ya sephiri" ka ga seteišene sa radio sa sesole e ka phimolwa.[131] Ka Phukwi, go ne ga simololwa thulaganyo ya go tseleganya ya VisualEditor, e e neng ya bopa kgato ya ntlha ya maiteko a go letla gore diathikele di tseleganngwe ka segokaganyi se se tshwanang le sa porosesara ya mafoko go na le go dirisa tshwao ya wiki.[132] Go ne ga simololwa gape le morulaganyi yo o diretsweng di-smartphone le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa selulafouno.[133] Ka Tlhakole 2014, porojeke ya go dira kgatiso e e gatisitsweng ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane, e e nang le dibolumo di le 1 000 le ditsebe di feta 1 100 000, e ne ya simololwa ke batsayakarolo ba Wikipedia ya Sejeremane.[7] Porojeke e ne e batla matlole ka Indiegogo, mme e ne e ikaeletse go tlotla meneelo ya barulaganyi ba Wikipedia.[134] Ka di 22 Diphalane 2014, sefikantswe sa ntlha sa Wikipedia se ne sa bulwa kwa toropong ya Poland ya Slubice.[135] Ka di 8 Seetebosigo, di 15 Seetebosigo, le di 16 Phukwi 2014, Wikipedia ya Se-Waray, Wikipedia ya Se-Vietnam le Wikipedia ya Se-Cebuano nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e ne ya feta letshwao la athikele e le milione o le mongwe. E ne e le Wikipedia ya bolesome, ya bolesome le bongwe le ya bolesomepedi go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Le fa di ne di na le badirisi ba le mmalwa fela ba ba matlhagatlhaga, di-Wikipedia tsa Se-Waray le Se-Cebuano di ne di na le palo e e kwa godimo ya diathikele tse di tlhamilweng ka go itirisa tse di tlhamilweng ke di-bot. Mo bogareng jwa 2015, Wikipedia e ne e le webosaete ya bosupa e e tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Alexa Internet,[136] e ne e le kwa tlase ka lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one ka Ngwanaitseele 2012. Kwa tshimologong ya 2015, Wikipedia e ne ya nna yone e e nang le athikele e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya kitsokakaretso e e nang le dimilione di le dintsi mo inthaneteng, e e nang le palogotlhe ya dimilione tsotlhe tsa saetlopedia mo inthaneteng. 291 dikgatiso tsa puo.[61] Ka palogare, Wikipedia e amogela palogotlhe ya dipono tsa ditsebe tsa lefatshe lotlhe di le dibilione di le 10 go tswa mo baeting ba ba kgethegileng ba ka nna dimilione di le 495 kgwedi le kgwedi,[7][137] go akaretsa le baeng ba le dimilione di le 85 go tswa kwa United States fela,[8] kwa e leng lefelo la borataro le le ratiwang thata.[136] Gatisa Wikipedia e ne e le porojeke ya botaki e e dirilweng ke Michael Mandiberg e e neng ya dira gore go nne le bokgoni jwa go gatisa dibolumo di le 7473 tsa Wikipedia jaaka e ne e le teng ka 7 Moranang 2015. Bolumo nngwe le nngwe e na le ditsebe di le 700 mme ke di le 110 fela tse di gatisitsweng ke motaki.[138] Ka la 1 Ngwanaitseele 2015, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e fitlheletse diathikele di le 5 000 000 ka go tlhamiwa ga athikele ka ga Persoonia terminalis, mofuta wa setlhatshana. Ka Diphalane 23, Wikipedia e ne ya amogela Sekgele sa Kgosigatsana ya Asturias sa Tirisanommogo ya Boditšhabatšhaba.[139][140] Ka di 19 Ferikgong 2016, Wikipedia ya Sejapane e ne ya feta letshwao la diathikele di le milione o le mongwe, mme ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesometharo go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Setlhogo sa bomilione e ne e le sa Wave 224, e leng sekepe sa ka fa tlase ga metsi sa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II sa Sesole sa Lewatle sa Bogosi jwa Japane. Mo bogareng jwa 2016, Wikipedia e ne ya nna gape webosaete ya borataro e e tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Alexa Internet,[141] e tlhatlogile ka lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one mo ngwageng o o fetileng. Mo bogareng jwa 2017, Wikipedia e ne ya kwalwa jaaka webosaete ya botlhano e e ratiwang thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Alexa Internet,[142] e tlhatlogile lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one mo ngwageng o o fetileng. Wikipedia Zero e dirilwe gore e nne teng kwa Iraq le kwa Afganistan. Ka di 29 Moranang 2017, go fitlhelela Wikipedia mo inthaneteng go ne ga thibelwa mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo kwa Turkey ke balaodi ba Turkey. Boloko jono bo ne jwa tswelela go fitlha ka Ferikgong 15, 2020, ka gonne kgotlatshekelo ya Turkey e ne ya atlhola gore boloko jono bo tlola ditshwanelo tsa batho. Wikipedia ya Sejapane e e tsenngwang khoutu e thibetswe kwa China fa e sale ka Sedimonthole 28 2017.[143] Ka di 13 Moranang 2018, palo ya diathikele tsa Wikipedia ya Setšhaena e ne ya feta milione o le 1, mme ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesome le bone go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Wikipedia ya Setšhaena e thibetswe kwa Nagengkgolo ya China fa e sale ka Motsheganong 2015.[144] Moragonyana mo ngwageng, ka Seetebosigo 26, Wikipedia ya Sepotokisi e ne ya feta letshwao la diathikele di le milione o le mongwe, ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesome le botlhano go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Setlhogo sa bomilione e ne e le Perdão de Richard Nixon (Tshwarelo ya ga Richard Nixon). Ka 2018, Wikipedia e ne ya boloka lenaane la yone jaaka webosaete ya botlhano e e ratiwang thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Inthanete ya Alexa.[145] Ntlha nngwe e e tlhomologileng e ne e le tiriso ya Botlhale jwa Maitirelo go tlhama diathikele tse di kwadilweng ka ditlhogo tse di neng di tlhokomologilwe.[146] Ka di 23 Moranang 2019, balaodi ba China ba ne ba atolosa Wikipedia go nna mefuta ya dipuo tsotlhe.[147][148] Nako ya go thibela e ne ya tsamaisana le ngwaga wa bo 30 wa ditshupetso le polao ya batho ba le bantsi kwa Tiananmen Square ka 1989 le ngwaga wa bo 100 wa Mokgatlho wa Motsheganong wa Bone, mme seno sa felela ka gore inthanete e tlhotlhomisiwe thata kwa China.[149] Ka Phatwe 2019, go ya ka Alexa.com, Wikipedia e ne ya wela tlase go tswa mo maemong a botlhano go ya kwa maemong a bosupa mo webosaeteng mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Ka one ngwaga oo, khopi ya Wikipedia e ne ya romelwa kwa Ngweding, e le karolo ya Laeborari ya Arch Lunar. Ka ntlha ya go palelwa, rokete e ne ya thula mo godimo ga Ngwedi, mme, ka ntlha ya tiriso ya di-disk tse di kgethegileng, tse di kgonang go emelana le nickel, go dumelwa gore khopi e ne ya falola go thula.[151] === Ngwagasome wa boraro: 2020–gompieno === Ka di 23 Ferikgong 2020, setlhogo sa dimilione di le thataro, e leng lokwalotshelo lwa ga Maria Elise Turner Lauder, se ne sa tsenngwa mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane. Le fa go ne go na le kgolo eno ya diathikele, go dirisana ga Wikipedia mo inthaneteng ya lefatshe lotlhe, jaaka go lekanngwa ke Alexa, go ne ga tswelela go fokotsega. Ka Tlhakole 2020, Wikipedia e ne ya wela mo webosaeteng ya bolesome le bongwe mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Bobedi go bega ga Wikipedia ga mathata a leroborobo la COVID-19 le diphetogo tse di tshegetsang, dipuisano, le e leng go phimolwa go ne go akanngwa gore ke motswedi o o mosola go borahisitori ba isago ba ba batlang go tlhaloganya paka eo ka botlalo.[152] Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Boitekanelo o dirisane mmogo le Wikipedia jaaka motswedi wa konokono wa go anamisa tshedimosetso e e amanang le COVID-19 jaaka go thusa go lwantsha go anama ga tshedimosetso e e fosagetseng.[153][154] Ka Ferikgong 2021, ngwaga wa bo 20 wa Wikipedia o ne wa lemogiwa mo metsweding ya dikgang. Ka di 13 Ferikgong 2021, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya fitlhelela diphetogo di le dibilione di le nngwe, koo tseleganyo ya bobilione e neng ya dirwa ke Steven Pruitt.[159] MIT Press e gatisitse buka e e bulegileng ya ditlhamo Wikipedia @ 20: Dikgang tsa Phetogo e e sa Fediwang, e e rulagantsweng ke Joseph Reagle le Jackie Koerner ka ditshwaelo go tswa go ba-Wikipedia ba ba tlhageletseng, ba-Wikimedia, babatlisisi, babegadikgang, balaeborari le baitseanape ba bangwe ba ba akanyang ka ditiragalo tse di rileng le[60]. Ka Ngwanaitseele 2021, Wikipedia e ne e wetse mo webosaeteng ya bolesometharo mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Ka la 6 Sedimonthole 2022, Modiri wa Wikipedia Richard Knipel o ne a tlhama setlhogo sa setlhogo sa Botaki, se poeletso ya sone ya ntlha e neng e le terafote e e tlhagisitsweng ke ChatGPT e Knipel a neng a e dirile diphetogo tse dinnye go tsamaisana thata le maemo a Wikipedia. Knipel o boletse mo tsebeng ya puisano gore o dumela gore ke lekgetlo la ntlha mongwe a dirisa ChatGPT go tlhama athikele ya Wikipedia. Go romelwa ga athikele eno go ne ga kgalwa ke barulaganyi ba bangwe mme ga tsosa kganetsano mo setšhabeng sa Wikipedia, mme seno sa dira gore go nne le kganetsano e e tseneletseng ka gore a ChatGPT le dikai tse di tshwanang le yone di tshwanetse go dirisiwa mo go kwaleng diteng tsa Wikipedia le gore, fa go le jalo, di tshwanetse go dirisiwa go le kana kang.[161] Ka Ferikgong 2023, segokaganyi sa desekethopo sa Wikipedia se ne sa fetolwa lekgetlo la ntlha fa e sale ka 2010, go nna Vector 2022.[162] Segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo se sesha se ne sa nyatswa thata ke badirisi. Dikganetso tse dintsi di ne di tlhomile mogopolo mo thulaganyong ya bophara jo bo tlhomameng, e e neng ya dira gore go nne le sebaka se sesweu se se feteletseng mo dintlheng tsa dimonithara tse di bulegileng, mme seno sa dira gore go nne le motlotlo wa mafoko a le 90 000 wa gore a letlalo le lesha le tshwanetse go nna le le tlwaelegileng. Wikipedia ya Seswahili e ne ya boutela ka bongwefela jwa pelo go gana letlalo le lesha mme "ka bokhutshwane" ya batla gore go boelwe kwa letlalong la bogologolo. Go tshwaiwa phoso go gongwe go ne ga lebisiwa kwa Mokgatlhong wa Wikimedia ka go thapa setlhopha sa batlhami se se nang le maitemogelo a a lekanyeditsweng mo diwiki. Brandon Harris, yo e neng e le motlhami yo mogolo kwa Wikipedia go tloga ka 2010 go fitlha ka 2014, o ne a re: "Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia gantsi o thapa batlhami ba ba sa tlwaelanang le baagi, mme ba tsena mme ba leka go dira diphetogo tseno tsotlhe—ba taboga ka tlhogo pele go nna saga ya buzz—mme baagi ba gana ka tsela e e utlwalang]".[163] Morago ga therisano le kgaisano, letshwao la ntlha la modumo la Wikimedia (go akaretsa le Wikipedia) le ne la amogelwa.[164] Ka Ferikgong 13, 2024, khopi ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane, e e bolokilweng mo polokelong ya tshedimosetso ya 5D optical, e ne ya tsenngwa mo lefelong la patlisiso le le ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa Switzerland, le le nang le kgonagalo ya go bolokwa dingwaga di ka nna dibilione di le 14, ka ntlha ya thekenoloji ya polokelo e e dirisitsweng. Khopi e ka balega ka go dirisa maekerosekopo, kwantle ga go tlhoka go dirisa thekenoloji ya dijithale.[165] Ka di 22 Tlhakole 2024, khopi ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya goroga ka katlego mo Ngweding, jaaka karolo ya porojeke ya Galactic Legacy Archive. Thomo e ne ya dirwa ke Metšhini ya Intuitive, fa rokete yone e ne ya thankgololwa ke SpaceX. Tshedimosetso eno e ne e bolokilwe jaaka e e dirisang dikarolo di le 16 tsa nikele, mme go fopholediwa gore e ka nna mo godimo ga Ngwedi dingwaga di ka nna dibilione di le 5. [166] [[Setshwantsho:Work-in-progress animation of the Wikipedia 25 birthday mascot scrolling on a phone.gif|thumb]] Ka Ferikgong 15, Wikipedia e ne ya keteka ngwaga wa yone wa bo 25.[167] Go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa ditokomane le "khaphule ya nako" jaaka karolo ya meletlo.[168] Go ne ga gololwa setshwantsho se se tlhamilweng ke modirisi BaduFerreira se se bidiwang Baby Globe. E ne ya tlhagelela fa mokgwa wa letsatsi la matsalo o ne o kgontshitswe mo Wikipedia. Go ne ga tlhamiwa seaparo sa Baby Globe se se ka kokoanngwang ka tirisanommogo le Makeship.[169] Baby Globe e ne ya tlosiwa mo saeteng ya Wikipedia ka Moranang 7.[170] Ka Mopitlwe 27, Wikipedia e ne ya thibela tiriso ya diteng tse di tlhamilweng ke di-LLM mo diathikeleng tsa yone, kwa ntle ga dithanolo le diphetogo tse dinnye tsa dikhopi.[171][172] Ka Motsheganong 11, Wikipedia e ne ya golola Kgwetlho ya go Bala ya Ngwaga wa bo 25 wa tiriswa ya iOS go tloga ka Motsheganong 11 go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 18, mme Baby Globe e ne ya tlhagisiwa gape.[173] == Hisetori go ya ka serutwa == === Serwethata le serweboleta === Athikele ya konokono: MediaWiki Sofotewere e e tsamaisang Wikipedia, le serweboleta sa khomphiutha, dipolase tsa disefara le ditsamaiso tse dingwe tse Wikipedia e ikaegileng ka tsone. * Ka Ferikgong 2001, Wikipedia e ne ya tsamaya mo UseModWiki, e e kwadilweng ka Perl ke Clifford Adams. Seva e sa ntse e sebetsa ho Linux, le ha mongolo wa mantlha o ne o bolokilwe difaeleng ho ena le polokelotshedimosetsong. Ditlhogo di ne tsa bidiwa ka kopano ya CamelCase. * Ka Ferikgong 2002, "Kgato II" ya sofotewere ya wiki e e nayang Wikipedia maatla e ne ya tlhagisiwa, e e neng ya emisetsa UseModWiki ya bogologolo. E kwaletswe porojeke eno ka tlhamalalo ke Magnus Manske, e ne e akaretsa enjene ya wiki ya PHP. * Ka Phukwi 2002, go kwalwa sešwa go gogolo ga sofotewere e e nayang Wikipedia maatla go ne ga simolola; e e bidiwang "Kgato III", e ne ya tsaya sebaka sa mofuta wa bogologolo wa "Kgato II", mme ya nna MediaWiki. E kwadilwe ke Lee Daniel Crocker go tsibogela ditlhokego tse di oketsegang tsa porojeke e e golang. * Ka Diphalane 2002, Derek Ramsey o ne a tlhama bot – thulaganyo e e itirisang e e bidiwang Rambot – go oketsa palo e ntsi ya diathikele tse di buang ka ditoropo tsa United States; diathikele tseno di ne tsa tlhagisiwa ka go itirisa go tswa mo tshedimosetsong ya palobatho ya U.S. Ka jalo o ne a oketsa palo ya diathikele tsa Wikipedia ka 33 832.[174] Se se biditswe "kgato e e tsosang kganetsano go gaisa mo hisitoring ya Wikipedia".[175] * Ka Ferikgong 2003, go ne ga okediwa ka tshegetso ya difomula tsa dipalo mo TeX. Khoutu e ne ya ntshiwa ke Tomasz Węgrzanowski. * Ka di 9 Seetebosigo 2003, segokaganyi sa ISBN sa Wikipedia se ne sa fetolwa go dira gore di-ISBN mo diathikeleng di golagane le Special:Metswedi ya Dibuka, e e tsayang diteng tsa yone go tswa mo tsebeng e e ka rulaganngwang ke modirisi ya Wikipedia:Metswedi ya dibuka. Pele ga se, dintlha tsa kgokagano ya ISBN di ne tsa tsenngwa khoutu mo sofotewereng mme go ne ga tshitshinngwa tse dišwa mo tsebeng ya Wikipedia:ISBN. Bona tseleganyo e e fetotseng seno. * Morago ga 6 Sedimonthole 2003, melaetsa e e farologaneng ya tsamaiso e e neng e bontshiwa badirisi ba Wikipedia e ne e sa tlhole e tsentswe dikhoutu tse di thata, mme seno se ne sa dira gore batsamaisi ba Wikipedia ba kgone go fetola dikarolo dingwe tsa segokaganyi sa MediaWiki, jaaka molaetsa o o neng o bontshiwa badirisi ba ba thibetsweng. * Ka di 12 Tlhakole 2004, ditiro tsa disefara di ne tsa fudusiwa go tswa kwa San Diego, kwa California go ya kwa Tampa, kwa Florida.[176] * Ka di 29 Motsheganong 2004, diwebosaete tsotlhe tse di farologaneng di ne tsa tlhabololwa go nna mofuta o mošwa wa serweboleta sa MediaWiki. * Ka la 30 Motsheganong 2004, go ne ga tlhagelela ditiragalo tsa ntlha tsa ditsenngwa tsa "go aroganngwa ka ditlhopha". Dikema tsa ditlhopha, jaaka Diphetogo tsa Bosheng le Tseleganya Tsebe Eno, di ne di ntse di le teng fa e sa le Wikipedia e tlhongwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, Sanger o ne a lebile dikema jaaka manaane, le diathikele tse di tsenngwang ka diatla, fa maiteko a go aroganya a ne a ikaegile ka ditsenngwa tsa go aroganya ka bongwe mo athikeleng nngwe le nngwe ya saetlopedia, jaaka karolo ya go aroganya ka ditlhopha go gogolo go go itirisang ga diathikele tsa saetlopedia.[177] * Morago ga 3 Seetebosigo 2004, batsamaisi ba ne ba ka tseleganya setaele sa segokaganyi ka go fetola CSS mo pampiring ya setaele sa buka e le nngwe mo MediaWiki:Monobook.css. * Gape ka 30 Motsheganong 2004, ka MediaWiki 1.3, go ne ga tlhamiwa lefelo la maina la Thempoleite, le le letlang go tsenngwa ga ditlhangwa tse di tlwaelegileng . * Ka di 7 Seetebosigo 2005 ka 3:00 a.m. ka Nako e e Tlwaelegileng ya Botlhaba, bontsi jwa disefara tsa Wikimedia di ne tsa fudusediwa kwa lefelong le lesha le le ka kwa ga mmila. Diporojeke tsotlhe tsa Wikimedia di ne di sa dire ka nako eno. * Ka Mopitlwe 2013, kgato ya ntlha ya polokelotshedimosetso ya Wikidata ya interwiki e ne ya nna teng mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia.[121] * Ka Phukwi 2013, go ne ga tlhongwa segokaganyi sa go tseleganya sa VisualEditor, se se neng se letla badirisi go tseleganya Wikipedia ba dirisa morulaganyi wa mafoko wa WYSIWYG (o o tshwanang le modirisiwa wa go rulaganya mafoko) go na le go tshwaya wiki.[132] Segokaganyi sa go tseleganya se se tokafaditsweng didiriswa tsa selulafouno le sone se ne sa gololwa ==== '''Ponalo le mokgwa wa tiriso''' ==== ''Ponalo ya kwa ntle ya Wikipedia, tsela e e lebegang ka yone, mokgwa o e dirang ka one, le letshwao la yone (branding), tsotlhe jaaka di bonwa ke badirisi''. Ka la 4 Moranang 2002, BrilliantProse, e moragonyana e neng ya bidiwa Featured Articles (Ditlhogo tse di Tlhophilweng), e ne ya fudusiwa go tswa mo lefelong la ditlhogo go ya mo lefelong la Wikipedia. Mo e ka nnang ka la 15 Diphalane 2003, go ne ga tsenngwa letshwao (logo) le lesha la Wikipedia. Kgopolo ya letshwao leo e ne ya tlhophiwa ka tshegetso ya ditlhopho, mme morago ga moo ga latela tshekatsheko ya go tlhopha mofuta o o gaisang. Letshwao la bofelo le ne la tlhamiwa ke David Friedland (yo o dirisang leina la “nohat” mo Wikipedia), le ikaegile ka mokgwa le kgopolo tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa ke Paul Stansifer. Ka la 22 Tlhakole 2004, karolo ya “Did You Know (DYK)” e ne ya tlhagelela la ntlha mo Tsebeng e Kgolo (Main Page). Ka la 23 Tlhakole 2004, ka nako ya 19:46 UTC, Tsebe e Kgolo e ne ya fiwa ponalo e ntšha e e neng e rulagantswe sentle. Ponalo eno e ne ya akaretsa ditlhogo tse di tlhophilweng tsotlhe ka seatla, tse di neng di akaretsa:Setlhogo se se Tlhophilweng sa Letsatsi (Daily Featured Article),Ditiragalo tsa Segopotso (Anniversaries),Mo Dikgang (In the News),le Did You Know (DYK). Ka '''la 10 Ferikgong 2005''', go ne ga tlhongwa '''porata ya dipuo tsotlhe''' mo atereseng ya '''www.wikipedia.org''', e e neng ya emisetsa go romela badirisi ka tlhamalalo kwa Wikipedia ya Seesimane. Ka la 5 Tlhakole 2005, Portal:Biology e ne ya tlhamiwa, mme ya nna porata ya ntlha ya setlhogo sengwe (thematic portal) mo Wikipedia ya Seesimane. Le fa go ntse jalo, kgopolo eno e ne e setse e simolotswe mo Wikipedia ya Sejeremane, kwa Portal:Recht (Dithuto tsa Molao) e neng ya tlhongwa ka Diphalane 2003. Ka la 16 Phukwi 2005, Wikipedia ya Seesimane e ne ya simolola mokgwa wa go tlhagisa setshwantsho se se tlhophilweng sa letsatsi mo Tsebeng e Kgolo. Ka la 19 Mopitlwe 2006, morago ga ditlhopho, Tsebe e Kgolo ya Wikipedia ya Seesimane e ne ya fetolwa sešwa la ntlha morago ga dingwaga di ka nna pedi. Ka la 13 Motsheganong 2010, wepsaete e ne ya golola sebopego se sesha (interface). Dikarolo tse disha di ne di akaretsa: * letshwao (logo) le le ntšhafaditsweng, * didirisiwa tse disha tsa go tsamaya mo wepsaeteng, * le sedirisiwa sa go thusa go tlhama dikgokagano (link wizard). === Diphetogo tsa thulaganyo ka 2023 === Vector 2022, e leng ntšhwafatso ya Vector 2010 ya letlalo la pele la Wikipedia, e ne ya itsisiwe ka Lwetse 2020, mme kwa tshimologong e ne e rulaganyeditswe go tlhagelela ka 2021, pele ga e ka dirisiwa ka Ferikgong 2023.[183] Ka Ferikgong 2023, Wikimedia e ne e dirile gore ntšhwafatso e nne teng mo dikgatisong tsa yone tsa puo di le 300; e ne e le tlwaelo ya diphetolelo tsa Searabia le Segerika.[184][163][185] Vector 2022 e na le segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo sa modirisi se se tlhabolotsweng se se dirang diphetogo tse dintsi mo thulaganyong ya dielemente tsa segokaganyi. Gareng ga tsone, menyu wa go tlhopha puo, o pele o neng o le kafa molemeng wa sekerini, jaanong o fitlhelwa mo sekhutlong se se kwa godimo sa moja sa pontsho ya setlhogo se se balwang gone jaanong.[185] Mo godimo ga moo, bara e e kafa thoko e a phuthega ka fa morago ga konopo ya hamburger. Vector 2022 gape e oketsa dintlha tsa pontsho ya athikele, e e nang le phelelo ya go lekanyetsa bophara jwa athikele;[185] go na le toggle e e ka fokotsang dintlha le go atolosa bophara jwa mola wa athikele go tlatsa sekerini.[186][163] Bogolo jwa thulaganyetsoruri jwa sekwalwa ga bo ise bo okediwe, le fa Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o boleletse Engadget gore o solofela go dira seno kgetho mo isagong.[184] Tiro ya patlo le yone e ne ya tlhabololwa mo Vector 2022, ka gonne dipholo tse di tshitshintsweng go araba dipotso tsa modirisi jaanong di akaretsa ditshwantsho le ditlhaloso tse dikhutshwane go tswa mo ditsebeng tse go buiwang ka tsone.[185][187] Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o ne wa bolela gore phetogo eno e ne e tlhotlhelediwa ke keletso ya go dira gore lefelo leno le nne la segompieno le go tokafatsa maitemogelo a go tsamaya le go tseleganya mo babading ba ba senang maitemogelo a inthanete, ka gonne letlalo la pele le ne le tsewa le le "le le sa siamang le le le fekeetsang."[183][184][186] Diteko tse di dirilweng ke motheo di ne tsa oketsa dipholo tsa mokgatlho ono. dipatlisiso, le phokotsego ya diperesente di le 15 ya go phetlha.[184][186] Diphetolelo tsa ntlha tsa Vector 2022 di ne tsa simolola go dirisiwa la ntlha ka 2020 mo mafelong a Wikipedia a puo ya Sefora, Sehebera le Sepotokisi,[183] ​​jaaka fa dikarolo tse disha tsa letlalo di ne di phasaladiwa mo badirising gore di lekwe ka iketlo pele ga le gololwa ka botlalo.[188] Letlalo le ne la simolola go dirisiwa jaaka letlalo la thulaganyetsoruri la babadi ba mafelo a Wikimedia ka dipuo di le 300 (mo go tse 318) ka Ferikgong 18 2023.[184][163][185] Morago ga go phasaladiwa ka bontsi ga Vector 2022, go santse go kgonega go bala Wikipedia o dirisa letlalo le le fetileng. Le fa go ntse jalo, go dira jalo go tlhoka gore babadi ba ikwadisetse akhaonto ya Wikipedia, mme morago ba sete ditlhopho tsa bone go bontsha Vector 2010 boemong jwa seo.[185] Ga go na diphetogo tse di dirilweng mo matlalong a Wikipedia a a leng teng jaaka Monobook le Timeless, tse le tsone di sa ntseng di le teng go ka dirisiwa.[163][189] Badirisi ba Wikipedia ba ne ba kgaogane ka diphetogo tseno. Kopo ya tshwaelo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane e e botsang baagi gore a Vector 2022 e tshwanetse go dirisiwa kgotsa nnyaa jaaka letlalo la thulaganyetsoruri le kokoantse mafoko a a fetang 90,000 mo dikarabong.[163] Batshwayadiphoso ba go tlhamiwa sešwa ba ne ba ganetsa thata sebaka se sesweu se se tlogetsweng se le lolea mo letlalong le lešwa, fa badirisi ba bangwe ba ne ba nyatsa batshwayadiphoso ba re ba na le kganetso ya phetogo.[163] Barulaganyi ba le 165 ba ba neng ba tsaya karolo mo motlotlong ba ne ba sa amogele letlalo le lešwa, fa ba le 153 ba ne ba rata, mme ba le robongwe ba ne ba nna ba sa tseye letlhakore.[190][163][191] Le fa go ne go na le palo e kgolo ya barulaganyi ba ba neng ba tlhagisa gore ga ba batle gore Vector 2022 e dirisiwe ka sebopego sa yone sa ga jaana, ka tumalano mo Wikipedia e sa tsewe tshwetso ka boutu, motlotlo o ne wa tswalelwa go rata go tlhamiwa sešwa, go akanyediwa ditshwaelo tse di siameng tse di tlogetsweng ke badirisi ba bangwe.[13] Batlhami ba Vector 2022 ba dirile diphetogo dingwe mo letlalong go tsibogela ditshwaelo, tse di jaaka go tsenya toggle go kgontsha diteng tsa athikele go tlatsa bophara jotlhe jwa sekerini.[163][192] Badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Seswahili ba ne ba sa dumalane ka bongwefela jwa pelo le go tsenngwa tirisong ga letlalo le lešwa.[163] Babegadikgang ba ba neng ba tsibogela go phasaladiwa ga Vector 2022 ba ne ba tsaya ntšhwafatso le dikarolo tse disha tse di tlhagisitsweng e le ditlaleletso tse di mosola, mme ka kakaretso ba ne ba tlhalosa letlalo jaaka ntšhwafatso e nnye e e neng ya se ka ya fetola maitemogelo a bone a go bala mo Wikipedia.[187][163][186] Annie Rauwerda, motlhami wa diakhaonto tsa media wa loago tsa Boteng jwa Wikipedia, o kwadile mo Slate gore Vector 2022 e ne e sa "farologane thata" le letlalo le le fetileng. Rauwerda o ne a lemoga gape go tshwana fa gare ga tsibogo ya baagi ba Wikipedia kgatlhanong le moakanyetso le dikganetso tsa nako e e fetileng tsa diphetogo tse di tshwanang tsa pono mo mafelong a a tlwaelegileng a a jaaka Reddit.[163] Rauwerda, le Mike Pearl wa Mashable, ba ne ba akgela ka gore badirisi ba ba sa itumeleleng phetogo eno ba ka nna ba sekaseka mo motlotlong o o buang ka letlalo, kgotsa ba dirisa ditiriso tsa go itebaganya tse di ageletsweng mo saeteng eno go fetola maitemogelo a bone a go bala.[190][163] === Go kokoanya madi === [[Setshwantsho:WMF Support and Revenue, Expenses and Net Assets at Year End.jpg|thumb|Tlhabololo ya matlole ya Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia (ka US$), 2003–2023]] Ngwaga le ngwaga, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o tsamaisa matsholo a go kokoanya madi mo Wikipedia go tshegetsa ditiro tsa one. Tseno ka kakaretso di tsaya mo e ka nnang kgwedi mme di diragala ka dinako tse di farologaneng tsa ngwaga mo dinageng tse di farologaneng. Mo godimo ga dibenara tsa go kokoanya madi mo Wikipedia ka boyone, go na gape le matsholo a imeile; diimeile dingwe di laletsa batho go tlogela madi a Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia mo diwiling tsa bone.[224][225] Lotseno lo tlhatlogile ngwaga le ngwaga wa go nna teng ga Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia, lwa fitlha go dimilione di le US$180.17 go tloga ka 30 Seetebosigo 2023, fa lo bapisiwa le ditshenyegelo tsa dimilione di le US$169.1.[226][227] Mo godimo ga moo, Wikimedia Endowment, e leng maiteko a a farologaneng a go kokoanya madi a a simolotsweng ka 2016, a ne a fitlha go dimilione di le $100 ka 2021, dingwaga di le tlhano ka bonako go feta ka fa go neng go rulagantswe ka gone.[228] == Metswedi == 6psi8vo2imbc6ekyfwbwtclvptuegl3 53454 53437 2026-07-28T10:02:57Z Atsile Edith 11759 Ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 53454 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wikipedia]], e leng ensaetlopedia ya mo maranyaneng e e nang le diteng [[:en:Free_content|tse di sa duelelweng]] e e kwadilweng le go tlhokomelwa ke setšhaba sa baithaopi ba ba bidiwang [[Wikipedians]], e simolotse ka go kwalwa ga yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), malatsi a mabedi morago ga gore lotshwao loo le kwadisiwe.<ref>[http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org "Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools"]. ''[[:en:WHOIS|WHOIS]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org Archived] from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref> E ne ya gola go tswa mo [[Nupedia]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e rulagantsweng sentle e e sa duelelweng, e le tsela ya go letla go kwalwa ga ditlhogo le dithanolo motlhofo le ka bonako. Ditshegetso tsa maranyane le tsa dikgopolo tsa Wikipedia di tla pele ga seno; kakanyo ya ntlha e e itsiweng ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e dirilwe ke Rick Gates ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro (1993),<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html "Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger"]. History Computer. 2010. Archived from [http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html the original] on April 15, 2012. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> mme kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e e gololesegileng (jaaka e farologana le motswedi o o bulegileng fela)<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source "Philosophy"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source Archived] from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> e ne ya akanngwa ke Richard Stallman ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998).<ref name=":1">[[:en:Richard_Stallman|Stallman, Richard]] (1998). [https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html "The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html Archived] from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Kgopolo ya ga Stallman e ne e akaretsa ka tlhamalalo kgopolo ya gore ga go na mokgatlho ope o o botlhokwa o o tshwanetseng go laola go rulaganya. Seno se ne se farologana le diensaetlopedia tsa maranyane tsa motlha oo jaaka [[Microsoft Encarta]] le ''[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]''. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), teseletso ya [[Nupedia]] e ne ya fetolwa go nna [[GFDL]], mme [[Jimmy Wales]] le [[Larry Sanger]] ba ne ba simolola Wikipedia jaaka porojekete e e tlaleletsang, ba dirisa wiki ya mo maranyaneng jaaka sedirisiwa sa go kwala ka tirisanommogo.<ref>[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory "WikiHistory"]. [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory Archived] from the original on June 21, 2002. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Le fa kwa tshimologong Wikipedia e ne e akanngwa e le lefelo la go kwala mekwalo le dikgopolo tsa gore kgabagare go baakanngwe Nupedia, e ne ya feta e e neng e le teng pele ga yone ka bonako, ya nna lefelo la go kwala diathikele le legae la setlhagiswa sa bofelo se se baakantsweng sa porojekete ya lefatshe lotlhe ka makgolokgolo a dipuo, mme seno sa tlhotlheletsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya diporojekete tse dingwe tsa ditshupiso tsa mo maranyaneng. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), Wikipedia e ne e na le babadi ba ka nna didikadike di le makgolo a mane le masome a ferabongwe le botlhano ka kgwedi.<ref name=":10">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]''. March 1, 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140408202455/http://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks Archived] from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), go ya ka [[comScore]], Wikipedia e ne ya amogela baeng ba ba kgethegileng ba feta idikadike di le lekgolo le lesome le botlhano ka kgwedi go tswa kwa United States fela.<ref name=":11">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 "comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015"]. comScore. February 24, 2015. Archived from [http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 the original] on March 17, 2015. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), diporojekete tseno di ne tsa bonwa baeng mo tsebeng ba le dibilione di le lesome le botlhano le sephatlo ka kgwedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects "Monthly overview"]. ''Wikimedia statistics''. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from [[stats:v2/#/all-projects|the original]] on January 24, 2020. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> [[File:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Tsebe ya boremelelo ya Wikipedia (Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2001)]] == Kakaretso ya ditso == === Lemorago === Kgopolo ya go kokoanya kitso ya lefatshe mo lefelong le le lengwe e simolotse kwa [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|lefelong la go bala la bogologolo la Alexandria]] le [[:en:Library_of_Pergamum|Lefelong la go bala la Pergamo,]] mme go na le dilo tsa bogologolo tse di neng tsa tla pele ga kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia e e akaretsang, [[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|ditso tse di jaaka Naturalis]] ya ga [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny yo Mogolo]], mme kakanyo ya segompieno ya ensaekolopedia e e akaretsang tsotlhe, e e gatisiwang le go anamisiwa kwa bathong ba le bantsi, e simologile ka [[:en:Denis_Diderot|Denis Diderot]] le baitseanape ba Fora ba lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga ba ba neng ba kwala diensaekolopedia.<ref>Miloš, Todorović (2018). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594 From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge]". ''Časopis KSIO''. '''1''': 88–102. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5281/zenodo.3235309|10.5281/zenodo.3235309.]] Retrieved October 20, 2021.</ref> Kgopolo ya go dirisa metšhine e e itirisang go feta [[:en:Printing_press|motšhine o o gatisang]] go aga ensaetlopedia e e mosola thata e ka bonwa mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:Paul_Otlet|Paul Otlet]] ya ngwaga wa 1934 ya ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet gape o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Mundaneum|Mundaneum]], e leng setheo se se neng se ineetse go dira ditshupane tsa kitso ya lefatshe, ka ngwaga wa 1910. Kgopolo e ya ensaetlopedia e e thusiwang ke motšhini e ne ya atolosiwa go ya pele mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:H._G._Wells|H. G. Wells]] ya ditlhamo" [[:en:World_Brain|''World Brain'']] (ngwaga wa1938) le pono ya ga [[:en:Vannevar_Bush|Vannevar Bush]] ya isago ya [[:en:Memex|Memex]] e e neng e dirisa [[:en:Microfilm|filimi e e bolokang ditshwantso ka bogolo jo bonnye]], e a e tlhalositse mo setlhangweng sa gagwe se se bidiwang "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (ngwaga wa 1945).<ref name=":2">Reagle, Joseph (2010). Good Faith Collaboration. The Culture of Wikipedia. MIT Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0262014472|978-0262014472.]] Chapter 2: "The Pursuit of the Universal Encyclopedia".</ref> Phitlhelelo e nngwe e ne e le lenaneo la Xanadu la ga [[:en:Ted_Nelson|Ted Nelson]] ya go tlhama ditlhangwa tse dintsi, e e neng ya simolola ka ngwaga wa 1960.<ref name=":2" /> Tiriso ya baithaopi e ne e le botlhokwa thata mo go direng le go tlhokomeleng Wikipedia. Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa go ne go se na inthanete, mananeo tse dikgolo tse di dingalo tsa mofuta o o tshwanang di ne di dirisitse baithaopi. Ka tlhamalalo, go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Oxford_English_Dictionary|''Thanodi ya Seesemane ya Oxford'']] go ne ga akanngwa ka puo kwa lefelong la dibuka la London, ka Letsatsi la ga [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele a tlhola malatsi a le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 1857, ke [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. Go tsere dingwaga di ka nna masome a supa go wediwa. Dr. Trench o ne a akanya ka bukantswe e ntšha e kgolo ya lefoko lengwe le lengwe mo puong ya Seesemane, le go dirisiwa ka puso ya batho le batho le ka kgololesego. Go ya ka mokwadi Simon Winchester, "Go dira thulaganyo e, o ne a re, go ne go feta bokgoni jwa motho ope fela. Go bala dibuka tsotlhe tsa Seesemane – le go sekaseka makwalo a dikgang a London le New York le makwalo a dikgang le buka ya tsotlhe a aitseng go bala le go kwala – go na le moo go tshwanetse ga nna 'tiro e e kopaneng ya batho ba le bantsi.' Go tla tlhokega go thapa setlhopha – mo godimo ga moo, se segolo – se gongwe se nang le makgolokgolo le makgolokgolo a batho ba ba sa duelweng, botlhe ba dira jaaka baithaopi."<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998). ''The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary''. Harpers, p. 106.</ref> Kgatelopele ya maranyane ya tshedimosetso kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga e ne ya dira gore go dirwe diphetogo mo mofuteng wa diensaetlopedia. Le fa diensaetlopedia tsa nako e e fetileng, segolobogolo [[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|''Encyclopædia Britannica'']], gantsi di ne di theilwe mo dibukeng, [[:en:Encarta|Encarta]] ya Microsoft, e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 1993, e ne e le teng mo CD-ROM e bile e na le [[:en:Hyperlink|dikgolagano tse dintsi]]. Go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] go ne ga dira gore go dirwe maiteko a mantsi a go dira [[:en:Online_encyclopedia|mananeo a ensaetlopedia tsa maranyane]]. Tshitshinyo ya ntlha ya ensaetlopedia ya mo inthaneteng e ne e le [[:en:Interpedia|Interpedia]] ka ngwaga wa1993 ke [[:en:Rick_Gates_(Internet_pioneer)|Rick Gates]];<ref name=":0" /> lenaneo le le ne la swa pele ga e tlhagisa diteng dipe tsa ensaetlopedia. Motshegetsi wa [[:en:Free_software|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka sa mahala]] [[:en:Richard_Stallman|Richard Stallman]] o ne a tlhalosa botlhokwa jwa "Ensaetlopedia ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Mahala le Motswedi wa go Ithuta" ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":1" /> Tokomane ya gagwe e e gatisitsweng e ne ya tlhalosa kafa go ka "tlhomamisiwang ka gone gore kgatelopele e tswelela pele go ya kwa dipoelong tse di gaisang le tsa tlholego." Motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia e bong Jimmy Wales o ne a bolela gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tla fa e ne e le moithuti wa dialogane kwa [[:en:Indiana_University_Bloomington|Mmadikolong wa Indiana]], koo a neng a kgatlhiwa ke katlego ya [[:en:Open-source_movement|mokgatlho wa motswedi o o bulegileng]] mme a fitlhela [[:en:GNU_Manifesto|Lekwalo la maikelelo le bokgoni la ga Emacs]] wa ga Richard Stallman o o rotloetsang [[:en:Free_software_movement|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka a mahala]] le itsholelo ya go abelana e kgatlhang. Wales gape o akgola tlhamo ya ga moitseanape wa itsholelo wa [[:en:Austrian_School|Sekolo sa Austria]] e bong [[:en:Friedrich_Hayek|Friedrich Hayek]], Polelo ya tlhamo ya "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng,]]" e a neng a e bala fa a ne a le moithuti wa pele ga kalogo,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all Know It All - The New Yorker]". ''[[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker]]''. September 30, 2014. Archived from [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all the original] on September 30, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> jaaka "e e botlhokwa" mo go akanyeng ga gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka gone."<ref>Mangu-Ward, Katherine (May 30, 2007). "[https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ Wikipedia and Beyond]". ''Reason.com''. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> Tlhamo e e gatelela gore [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|tshedimosetso e kgaogantswe fela ka bongwe]]—gore motho mongwe le mongwe o itse fela karolwana e nnye ya se se itsiweng mmogo, ditshwetso di dirwa botoka ke batho ba ba nang le kitso ya lefelo leo, go na le ke bothati jo bo botlhokwa. Ka nako eo, Wales o ne a ithuta tsa madi mme o ne a kgatlhilwe ke ditlhotlheletso tsa batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba ntsha seabe jaaka baithaopi mo go tlhameng mananeo a disupaditlhaka tsa mahala, koo dikai di le dintsi di neng di nna le dipholo tse di molemo thata.<ref>[https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales "Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales: "I have this crazy idea that people will pay for free news]"", Danny in the Valley, January 19, 2018, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055526/https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales archived] from the original on March 16, 2023, retrieved March 16, 2023 Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Go ya ka mokwalo wa dikgang w ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'', Wikipedia "e simolotse mo tsholofelong ya maranyane e e neng e tlhaola inthanete kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga. E ne e tshwara gore batho ba ba tlwaelesegileng ba ka dirisa disupa ditlhaka tsa bone jaaka didirisiwa tsa kgololesego, thuto, le go sedimosiwa."<ref>[https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher "Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher]". The Economist. January 9, 2021. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613 0013-0613.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221231224550/https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher Archived] from the original on December 31, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.</ref> === Go tlhama kgopolo === Wikipedia e ne ya akanyediwa kwa tshimologong jaaka lenaneo la phepo ya [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] e e neng ya tlhongwa kwa Wales, lenaneo la pelenyana la go tlhagisa ensaetlopedia ya mahala ya inthanete, e e neng ya ithaopela go dira ke [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]], kompone ya dipapatso tsa maranyane e e leng ya ga Jimmy, [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]] le [[:en:Michael_E._Davis_(businessman)|Michael E. Davis]]. <ref>[[:en:Marshall_Poe|Poe, Marshall]] (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ The Hive]". The Atlantic Monthly. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061223004004/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia Archived] from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. Wales and Sanger created the first Nupedia wiki on 10 January 2001. The initial purpose was to get the public to add entries that would then be "fed into the Nupedia process" of authorization. Most of Nupedia's expert volunteers, however, wanted nothing to do with this, so Sanger decided to launch a separate site called "Wikipedia". Neither Sanger nor Wales looked on Wikipedia as anything more than a lark. This is evident in Sanger's flip announcement of Wikipedia to the Nupedia discussion list. "Humor me", he wrote. "Go there and add a little article. It will take all of five or ten minutes". And, to Sanger's surprise, go they did. Within a few days, Wikipedia outstripped Nupedia in terms of quantity, if not quality, and a small community developed. In late January, Sanger created a Wikipedia discussion list (Wikipedia-L) to facilitate discussion of the project.</ref><ref name=":3">Sidener, Jonathan (December 6, 2004). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090221005820/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html Everyone's Encyclopedia]". ''[[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]''. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html the original] on February 21, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref><ref name=":4">Sanger, Larry (April 18, 2005). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part] I". Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 the original] on July 22, 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95 "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II".] [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]]. April 19, 2005. Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95 the original] on November 8, 2006. My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.</ref>Nupedia e ne ya tlhongwa mo tirisong ya baithaopi ba ba tshwanelegang le thulaganyo ya go [[:en:Peer_review|sekaseka balekane]] e e nang le dikgato di le dintsi.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Business Horizons, Volume 57 Issue 5, pp. 617–626</ref> Le fa e ne e na le lenaane la barulaganyi ba ba kgatlhegang ba ba fetang dikete tse pedi, le go nna teng ga ga Sanger jaaka morulaganyi-mogolo wa nako e e tletseng,<ref>"[[m:My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger Archived] from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023. I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.</ref> go tlhagisiwa ga diteng tsa Nupedia go ne go le bonya thata, ka dipego di le lesome le bobedi fela tse di kwadilweng mo ngwageng wa ntlha.<ref name=":4" /> Ba-Nupedia ba ne ba tlotla ka ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tlhama diteng ka bonako.<ref name=":3" /> Di-wiki di ne di dirisitswe gongwe mo boranyaneng go rulaganya kitso,<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html "From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition]". ''Chicago Tribune''. January 12, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> mme kgopolo ya tlaleletso e e theilweng mo di-[[:en:Wiki|wiki]] mo Nupedia e ne ya tlholwa ke motlotlo magareng ga Sanger le Ben Kovitz,<ref name=":5">"[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Ben Kovitz]". [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070404030625/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Archived] from the original on April 4, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – see also Ben Kovitz' fuller account which he links from there.</ref><ref name=":6">Moody, Glyn (July 13, 2006). [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia "This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts"]. The Guardian. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070222023201/http://technology.guardian.co.uk/weekly/story/0,,1818630,00.html Archived] from the original on February 22, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – While casting around for a way to speed up article production, Sanger met with Kovitz, an old friend, in January 2001. Kovitz introduced Sanger to the idea of the wiki, invented in 1995 by Ward Cunningham: web pages that anyone could write and edit. "My first reaction was that this really could be what would solve the problem," Sanger explains, "because the software was already written, and this community of people on WikiWikiWeb" – the first wiki – "had created something like 14,000 pages". Nupedia, by contrast, had produced barely two dozen articles. Sanger took up the idea immediately: "I wrote up a proposal and sent it [to Wales] that evening, and the wiki was then set up for me to work on." But this was not Wikipedia as we know it. "Originally it was the Nupedia Wiki – our idea was to use it as an article incubator for Nupedia. Articles could begin life on this wiki, be developed collaboratively and, when they got to a certain stage of development, be put into the Nupedia system."</ref><ref name=":7">Sidener, Jonathan (September 23, 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017041126/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html "Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy]". [[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html the original] on October 17, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.</ref> le ke o mongwe magareng ga Wales le Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name=":5" /> Kovitz e ne e le motlhami wa diporokeramo tsa khomphiutha mme a nna mo wiki ya ga [[:en:Ward_Cunningham|Ward Cunningham]] e e fetolang wiki go nna "[[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]". O ne a tlhalosetsa Sanger gore di-wiki ke eng, fa ba ne ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 The Hive"]. [[:en:The_Atlantic_Monthly|The Atlantic Monthly]]. p. 3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 Archived] from the original on November 10, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – "Over tacos that night, Sanger explained his concerns about Nupedia's lack of progress, the root cause of which was its serial editorial system. As Nupedia was then structured, no stage of the editorial process could proceed before the previous stage was completed. Kovitz brought up the wiki and sketched out 'wiki magic,' the mysterious process by which communities with common interests work to improve wiki pages by incremental contributions. If it worked for the rambunctious hacker culture of programming, Kovitz said, it could work for any online collaborative project. The wiki could break the Nupedia bottleneck by permitting volunteers to work simultaneously all over the project. With Kovitz in tow, Sanger rushed back to his apartment and called Wales to share the idea. Over the next few days, he wrote a formal proposal for Wales and started a page on Cunningham's wiki called 'Wikipedia.'"</ref>Wales o ne a bolela ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2001 gore "Larry o ne a na le mogopolo wa go dirisa maranyane a sesupa ditlhaka sa Wiki" mo bathong ba ba neng ba boregile ka thulaganyo ya Nupedia,<ref>Wales, Jimmy (October 30, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20140620072830/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html LinkBacks]?". Wikimedia. Archived from [[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|the original]] (Email) on June 20, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref> mme moragonyana a bolela ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2005 gore Rosenfeld o ne a mo itsise kgopolo ya wiki.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness]". [[:en:Wired_News|Wired News]]. May 3, 2007. Archived from [https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium the original] on March 28, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2007. Wired.com states: "Wales offered the following on-the-record comment in an e-mail to NewAssignment.net editor [and NYU Professor] [[:en:Jay_Rosen|Jay Rosen]] ...' Larry Sanger was my employee working under my direct supervision during the entire process of launching Wikipedia. He was not the originator of the proposal to use a wiki for the encyclopedia project – that was Jeremy Rosenfeld'."</ref> Sanger o ne a akanya gore wiki e tla nna polatefomo e e siameng go e dirisa, mme a tshitshinya mo lenaaneng la go romela la Nupedia gore wiki e e theilweng mo UseModWiki (ka nako eo v. 0.90)e tlhomiwe jaaka lenaneo la "mojesi" ya Nupedia. Ka fa tlase ga setlhogo sa "A re direng wiki", o ne a kwala jaana:<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html Let's make a wiki]". Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Nnyaa, se ga se tshitshinyo e e sa tshwanelang. Ke kakanyo ya go tsenya karolo e nnye mo Nupedia. Jimmy Wales o akanya gore batho ba le bantsi ba ka nna ba fitlhela kgopolo eno e sa amogelesege, mme nna ga ke akanye jalo... Fa e le ka tiriso ya wiki ya Nupedia, eno ke thulaganyo ya BOFELO e e "bulegileng" le e e motlhofo ya go tlhama diteng. Re kile ra buisana gangwe le gape ka megopolo ya diporojeke tse di bonolo, tse di bulegileng thata, tse di ka emelang kgotsa tsa tlaleletsa Nupedia. Go lebega mo go nna gore diwiki di ka dirisiwa ka bonako thata, di tlhoka tlhokomelo e nnye fela, mme ka kakaretso ga di na kotsi e kgolo. Gape di ka nna motswedi o mogolo wa diteng. Ka jalo, ga go na mathata a magolo a a ka nnang teng, go ya ka kafa ke bonang ka teng. Wales e ne ya tlhoma e le nngwe mme ya e tsenya mo maranyaneng ka Laboraro wa kgwedi ya Ferikgong etlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001, ka fa tlase ga karolo ya nupedia.com.<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html Nupedia's wiki: try it out".] Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003.</ref> Se se ne sa sutela kwa wiki e ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga karolo ya wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgonge tlhola malatsia a le lesome le botlhano. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa, lenaneo la [[:en:GNUPedia|GNUPedia]] la [[:en:Free_Software_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Mananeo a disupa ditlhaka a Mahala]] (FSF) e ne ya tsena mo maranyaneng, e e neng e ka nna ya gaisana le [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]],<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603 Slashdot Comments | GNUPedia Project Starting]". Slashdot.org. January 17, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990 Archived] from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme mo dingwageng di le mmalwa FSF e ne ya rotloetsa batho "go etela le go tsenya letsogo mo [Wikipedia]" boemong jwa seo.<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ "The Free Encyclopedia Project]". GNU.org. 2012 [1999]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ Archived] from the original on December 21, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2012.</ref> === Go tlhongwa ga Wikipedia === ''Bona gape: [[:en:First_Wikipedia_edit|Tseleganyo ya ntlha ya Wikipedia]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia's_oldest_articles|Wikipedia:Ditlhogo tsa bogologolo tsa Wikipedia]], le [[:en:Wikipedia:First_100_pages|Wikipedia:Ditsebe tsa ntlha di le]]'' ''[[:en:Wikipedia:First_100_pages|lekgolo]]'' Go ne go na le go okaoka mo gare ga barulaganyi ka go bofa Nupedia gaufi thata le kelelo ya tiro ya mofuta wa wiki.<ref name=":4" /> Morago ga gore wiki ya Nupedia e thankgololwe ka fa tlase ga nupedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html "&#x5B;Nupedia-l&#x5D; Nupedia's wiki: try it out"]. April 25, 2003. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> Wales e ne ya akantshanya go simolola lenaneo le le ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga leina la yone, mme Sanger o ne a akantshanya ''Wikipedia'', a e tlhama jaaka "lenaneo la tlaleletso ya Nupedia e e dirang e e ikemetseng ka nosi gotlhelele."<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 11, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html <nowiki>Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki</nowiki>]..." Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Wiki e ntšhwa e ne ya simololwa kwa wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001. [[:en:Bandwidth_(computing)|Bophara jwa bogolo jwa kgokaganyo ya maranyane]] le [[:en:Server_(computing)|tsamaiso e e bolokang tshedimosetso]] (e e kwa San Diego) tse di dirisitsweng mo mananeong ao a ntlha di ne tsa neelwa ke Bomis. Badiri ba le bantsi ba pele ba Bomis moragonyana ba ne ba ntsha diteng tsa ensaetlopedia: segolobogolo [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]], motlhami-mmogo le moragonyana Mokhuduthamaga wa Bomis, le motlhami wa dithulaganyo Jason Richey. [[Setshwantsho:Jimmy Wales' Mac and the First Wikipedia Edit — "Hello World" (51738433963).jpg|thumb|iMac ya ga Jimmy Wales e ne e dirisiwa go dira tseleganyo ya ntlha mo Wikipedia]] Wales o boletse ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2008 gore o dirile tseleganyo ya ntlha ya Wikipedia, tseleganyo ya teko e e nang le mokwalo o o reng "[[:en:"Hello,_World!"_program|Dumela, Lefatshe]]!", mme se e ka tswa e ne e le mo mofuteng wa bogologolo wa Wikipedia o ka bonako morago ga moo o neng wa phimolwa mme wa emisediwa ka go simolola gape.<ref>Message by Jimmy Wales {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412003535/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&diff=prev&oldid=258632986|date=12 April 2016}} Wednesday 17 December 2008. Retrieved Saturday 30 January 2010.</ref><ref>Starling, Tim (January 14, 2011). "[[mailarchive:wikien-l/2011-January/108198.html|Hello world]]?". ''WikiEN-l'' (Mailing list). Retrieved June 4, 2022.</ref>Tseleganyo ya ntlha e e neng ya boela mo Wikipedia.com e ne e le ya Tsebe ya Gae ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, e e neng e balega jaana "E ke Wikipedia e ntšhwa!"; e ka bonwa [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/908493298|fa]].<ref>Wikipedia's earliest edits were once believed lost, as early [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] software deleted data after a month. But on 14 December 2010, [[:en:Tim_Starling|Tim Starling]] found backups on [[:en:SourceForge|SourceForge]] containing every change made to Wikipedia from its creation in January 2001 to 17 August 2001. As of 2019, these were imported into Wikipedia's edit history. Before that, the first edits that had been known were to [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/291430|Wikipedia:UuU]], [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/286342|TransporT]], and [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/11992008|User:ScottMoonen]] on 16 January 2001.</ref> Go nna teng ga lenaneo go ne ga itsisiwe semmuso mme boikuelo jwa gore baithaopi ba nne le seabe mo go tlhameng diteng bo ne jwa dirwa kwa lenaaneng la go romela ka poso la Nupedia ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html <nowiki>"[Nupedia-l] Wikipedia is up!</nowiki>]". March 31, 2003. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html the original] on March 31, 2003. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Lenaneo le ne la amogela batsayakarolo ba le bantsi ba bašwa morago ga go umakiwa mo lefelong ya maranyane le le naleng tshedimosetso ya [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Britannica and Free Content]". Slashdot. July 26, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Archived] from the original on January 14, 2009.</ref> e setse e umakilwe gabedi ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwo ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99 "Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer]". Slashdot. March 5, 2001.</ref><ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95 "Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes]". Slashdot. March 29, 2001.</ref> Morago ga moo e ne ya amogela tshupo e e tlhageletseng ya kgang mo lefelong ya maranyane le le naleng tshedimosetso le setso e e rulagantsweng ke baagi ya Kuro5hin, e e rulaganngwang ke setšhaba, e e buang ka maranyane le setso, ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 "Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias]". Kuro5hin. July 25, 2001. Archived from [http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 the original] on November 7, 2001.</ref> Fa gare ga go tsena moo ga batho ba le bantsi, go ne go ntse go na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba tla go tswa kwa metsweding e mengwe, segolobogolo Google, e e neng e romela makgolokgolo a baeng ba basha mo lefelong e e le nosi letsatsi le letsatsi. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Kgaso ya yone]] [[:en:Mainstream_media|ya bobegakgang]] ya ntlha e kgolo e ne e le mo [[:en:The_New_York_Times|''The New York Times'']] ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>Meyers, Peter (September 20, 2001). [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html "Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You]". The New York Times. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090415232001/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html Archived] from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> === Dikgaogano le go dira gore dilo di nne tsa boditšhabatšhaba === Kwa tshimologong ya tlhabololo ya Wikipedia, e ne ya simolola go atologa kwa mafatsheng a mangwe, ka go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Namespace|mafelo a masha a maina]], lengwe le lengwe le na le setlhopa se se farologaneng sa [[:en:Username|maina a badirisi]]. [[:en:Subdomain|Karolopotlana]] ya ntlha e e tlhametsweng Wikipedia e e seng ya Seesemane e ne e le [[:en:German_Wikipedia|deutsche.wikipedia.com]] (e e tlhamilweng ka Labotlhano kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa 2001, mo nakong ya oura e le nngwe le metsotso e le masome a mararo le borobedi kwa morago ga nako ya UTC),<ref>"[[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|Alternative language Wikipedias]]". Lists. Wikimedia. March 15, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html Archived] from the original on June 20, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme morago ga dioura di le mmalwa ya latelwa ke [[:en:Catalan_Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]] (ka oura ya lesome le boraro le metsotso e le supa mo nakong ya UTC).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage "History of the Catalan Homepage]". Wikipedia. Archived from [https://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage the original] on April 13, 2001. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> [[:en:Japanese_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sejapane]], e e simolotseng e le nihongo.wikipedia.com, e ne ya tlhamiwa mo pakeng eo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 "Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage]". April 20, 2001. Archived from [https://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 the original] on April 20, 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/ Wikipedia: HomePage]". March 31, 2001. Archived from [https://www.wikipedia.com/ the original] on March 31, 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref>mme kwa tshimologong e ne e dirisa fela [[:en:Romanization_of_Japanese|Sejapane se se fetotsweng sa Seroma]]. Mo dikgweding di ka nna pedi Se-Catalan e ne e le sone se se nang le dipego tse dintsi ka puo e e seng ya Seesemane,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)|Multilingual monthly statistics]]</ref><ref>[https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1 "First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia]" (in Catalan). Wikipedia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac Archived] from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> le fa dipalopalo tsa nako eo ya ntlha di sa nepagala.<ref>This [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)&oldid=192353617 table] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221921/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AMultilingual_monthly_statistics_%282001%29&oldid=192353617 Archived] 22 February 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], for instance, misses Japanese and German articles such as [https://web.archive.org/web/20010421123743/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nihongo_no_funimekusu this one] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20010411030440/http://deutsche.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nupedia_Deutsch-L_Sektion this one], both dated 6 April 2001.</ref> Wikipedia ya Sefora e tlhamilwe ka kgotsa mo e ka nnang ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome lebongwe ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>The [https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Documentation on the French Wikipedia] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210608194149/https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Archived] 8 June 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] mentions the date of 23 March 2001, but this date is not supported by Wikipedia snapshots on the [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nor by Jason Richey's letter, which was dated 11 May 2001 (see below).</ref> ka lekhubu la diphetolelo tse dišwa tsa puo tse gape di neng di akaretsa [[:en:Chinese_Wikipedia|Setšhaena]], [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Sedatšhe]], [[:en:Esperanto_Wikipedia|Seeseperanto]], [[:en:Hebrew_Wikipedia|Sehebera]], [[:en:Italian_Wikipedia|Sentadiana]], [[:en:Portuguese_Wikipedia|Sepotokisi]], [[:en:Russian_Wikipedia|Serussia]], [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Sepanishe]], le [[:en:Swedish_Wikipedia|Sesweden]].<ref>[[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html|Letter of Jason Richey to wikipedia-l mailing list]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620081721/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html Archived] 20 June 2014 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] 11 May 2001</ref> Go ise go ye kae dipuo tseno di ne tsa kopanngwa ke [[:en:Arabic_Wikipedia|Searabia]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage "Homepage from the Internet Archive"]. Wikipedia. Archived from [https://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage the original] on November 18, 2001. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> le [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Sehungary]].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Announcements]] May 2001</ref><ref>"[https://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history International Wikipedia]". Wikipedia. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 2001, kitsiso e ne ya solofetsa go ineela mo tlamelong ya dipuo tse dintsi ya Wikipedia,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Announcements_2001#September_2001|Wikipedia:Announcements 2001]]</ref> e itsise badirisi ka go phatlaldiwa gmo go tlang ga Wikipedias ya dipuo tsotlhe tse dikgolo, go tlhongwa ga maemo a konokono, le go kgaratlhela thanolo ya ditsebe tsa konokono tsa wiki tsa ditsebe tse dišwa tsa wiki. Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga oo, fa dipalopalo tsa boditšhabatšhaba di ne di simolola go kwalwa la ntlha, go ne ga itsisiwe diphetolelo tsa [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Seaforikanse]], [[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Senorway]] le [[:en:Serbian_Wikipedia|Seserbia]].<ref>"[https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics International Wikipedias statistics]". [https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics Wikipedia]. Archived from the original on March 5, 2003. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2002, karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia di ne di le ka Seesemane. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2004, batho ba ba kwa tlase ga karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong e ne e le Baesemane, mme go dira gore batho ba nne ba boditšhabatšhaba gono go tsweletse go oketsega fa ensaetlopedia e e ntse e gola. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2014, mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a borobabobedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia di ne di le mo mefuteng ya Wikipedia e e seng ya Seesemane.<ref>"[[m:List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)]]". Wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total Archived] from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2014.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2023, Di-Wikipedia tsa Seesemane le tsa Seesemane se se motlhofo di na le dipego di le didikadike di le di le supa fa gare ga tsone, mme mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dipego di ne di le mo di-Wikipedia tse e seng tsa Seesemane.<ref name=":12">[[m:List_of_Wikipedias|"List of Wikipedias – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> === Tlhabololo ya Wikipedia === Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2002, morago ga go gogelwa morago ga matlole ke Bomis ka nako ya go [[:en:Dot-com_bubble|phutlhama ga dot-com]], Sanger o ne a tlogela Nupedia le Wikipedia ka bobedi.<ref>Schiff, Stacy (July 31, 2006). "[https://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact Know It All]". [[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20081122125817/http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact Archived] from the original on November 22, 2008. Retrieved April 25, 2009.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2002, ene le Wales ba ne ba sa tshwane ka dikgopolo tsa bone tsa gore ba ka laola jang diensaetlopedia tse di bulegileng sentle. Bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba sa ntse ba tshegetsa kgopolo ya tirisanommogo e e bulegileng, mme ba ne ba sa dumalane ka gore ba ka tshwara jang barulaganyi ba ba kgoreletsang, dikarolo tse di rileng tsa baitseanape, le tsela e e molemolemo ya go kaela porojeke gore e atlege. Wales o ne a tswelela go tlhoma go ipusa le go ikaela [[:en:Business_development|go tswa kwa tlase go ya kwa godimo]] ke barulaganyi mo Wikipedia. O ne a tlhalosa sentle gore ga a kitla a nna le seabe mo tsamaisong ya letsatsi le letsatsi ya morafe, mme o tlaa o rotloetsa go ithuta go itaola le go ipatlela mekgwa e e gaisang. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2007, Wales e ne ya lekanyetsa seabe sa gagwe thata go ntsha ditshwaelo tsa nako le nako mo dikgannyeng tse di masisi, tiro ya bokhuduthamaga, go buelela kitso, le go rotloetsa diporojeke tse di tshwanang tsa ditshupiso. Sanger o rile ke "moakaretsi" mme o bulegile mo e ka nnang sengwe le sengwe,<ref>Anderson, Nate (February 25, 2007). [https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3 "Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia"]. Ars Technica. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3 Archived] from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2011.</ref> mme a tshitshinya gore baitseanape ba santse ba na le lefelo mo lefatsheng la [[:en:Web_2.0|Web 2.0.]] Ka ngwaga wa 2006 o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e bulegileng e e neng e dirisa maina a mmatota a batsayakarolo go fokotsa go tseleganya go go kgoreletsang, mme a solofela go tlhofofatsa "kaelo e e bonolo ya baitseanape" go oketsa go nepagala ga diteng tsa yone. Ditshwetso ka ga diteng tsa pego di ne di tshwanetse go nna mo diatleng tsa baagi, mme lefelo le ne le tshwanetse go akaretsa polelo ka ga "diteng tse di siametseng lelapa".<ref>[http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy "Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium]". en.citizendium.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy Archived] from the original on November 20, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>Anderson, Nate (February 25, 2007). [https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars "Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia"]. Ars Technica. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars Archived] from the original on March 24, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref> === Diteng tsa nako e e fetileng tsa Wikipedia === Dipego tsa bogologolo, le tse di sa tlholeng di dirisiwa, tsa ensaetlopedia di botlhokwa thata mo dipatlisisong tsa ditso .<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/ Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic]". [[:en:The_Atlantic|The Atlantic]]. January 26, 2021. Archived from [https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/ the original] on January 26, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</ref> Mo pegong nngwe le nngwe ya Wikipedia, mefuta e e fetileng e ka fitlhelelwa ka kgokagano ya "Leba ditso" e e kwa godimo ga tsebe. Ditso tse di feletseng tsa dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia le tsone di ka laisololwa jaaka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|dithotobolo tsa tshedimosetso]], ka sebopego sa difaele tsa [[:en:XML|XML]] tse di gateletsweng.<ref>Koehrsen, Will (October 26, 2018). [https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c "Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia"]. ''Towards Data Science''. Retrieved February 4, 2025.</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, Polokelo ya Faele ya ZIM,<ref name=":8">[[iarchive:zimarchive|"ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming]]". Internet Archive. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</ref> kwa [[:en:Internet_Archive|Polokelong ya Maranyane]], e na le dinepe tse di feletseng tsa nako e e fetileng tsa Wikipedia mmogo le ditlhopho tsa dipego, ka dipuo tse dintsi, go tswa mo dingwageng tse di farologaneng. Di ka bulwa ka mananeo a maranyane a [[:en:Kiwix|Kiwix]]. Magareng ga dingwaga tsa 2007 le 2011, go ne ga gololwa [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|mefuta e meraro ya]] [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|polokelo ya CD/DVD]] (e e bidiwang Mofuta wa Wikipedia 0.5, 0.7 le 0.8) e e nang le tlhopho ya dipego go tswa mo [[:en:English_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Seesemane]]. Di ne tsa nna teng jaaka difaele tsa Kiwix ZIM, go tswa mo Polokelong ya Difaele tsa ZIM<ref name=":8" /> le go tswa mo lefelong la go laisolola ya Kiwix.[70] === Phetogo ya letshwao === == Molanako == ''Dipego tse di sobokanyang ngwaga le ngwaga di tshwarwa mo teng ga lefelo la maina a lenaneo la Wikipedia mme di golaganngwa le tse di fa tlase. Didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa patlisiso di teng mo teng ga dipalo le dipolokelo tsa Wikipedia, mme di kwadilwe kwa bokhutlong jwa pego eo.'' === Ngwagasome wa ntlha: Ngwaga wa 2000 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2009 === ==== Ngwaga wa 2000 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|thumb|Babereki ba Bomis magareng ga dingwaga tsa 2000]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2000, lenaneo la [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] le ne la simololwa. Maikaelelo a yone e ne e le go gatisa dipego tse di kwadilweng ke baitseanape tse di neng di tla fiwa tetla jaaka [[:en:Free_content|diteng tsa mahala]]. Nupedia e tlhomilwe ke Wales, a nale Sanger e le morulaganyi-mogolo, mme e tshegeditswe ka matlole ke kompone ya papatso ya boranyane ya [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]].<ref>Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ The Hive]". [[:en:The_Atlantic|The Atlantic]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061223004004/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia Archived] from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved January 1, 2007.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2001 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2001, Wikipedia e ne ya simolola e le lenaneo le le kwa thoko ya Nupedia, go letla tirisanommogo mo dipegong pele ga go tsena mo thulaganyong ya tshekatsheko ya balekane.<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html Let's make a wiki"]. Nupedia-l mailing list. Internet Archive. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Leina le le ne la ntshiwa e le kakanyo ke Sanger ka la bo kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le le lesome le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2001 jaaka [[:en:Portmanteau|kopano ya mafoko]] ''[[:en:Wiki|wiki]]'' ([[:en:Hawaiian_language|Sehawaiian]] a a kayang "bofefo") le ''ensaetlopedia''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html <nowiki>"[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki</nowiki>]..." nupedia.com. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Maina a kgolagano ya karolo a ''wikipedia.com'' le ''wikipedia.org'' a ne a kwadisiwa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bobedi <ref>[[:en:Network_Solutions|Network Solutions]] (2007) [http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.com WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.com from Network Solutions] Archived 27 September 2007 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Retrieved 27 July 2007.</ref> le a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro,<ref>[[:en:Network_Solutions|Network Solutions]] (2007). [http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.org "WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.org from Network Solutions] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194913/http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.org Archived] 27 September 2007 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]". Retrieved 27 July 2007.</ref> ka go latelana, mme ''wikipedia.org'' e ne ya tsenngwa mo maranyaneng ka lone letsatsi leo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Wikipedia.org Site Info]". [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Archived] from the original on October 6, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2010.</ref> Lenaneo le ne la bulwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Letsatsi la Wikipedia"]]), ka di-Wikipedia tsa ntlha tsa boditšhabatšhaba – dikgatiso tsa Sejeremane, [[:en:Catalan_language|Se-Catalan]], Sefora, [[:en:Swedish_language|Se-Sweden]], le Se-italia– tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa fa gare ga dikgwedi tsa Mopitlo le Motsheganong. Melawana ya "ntlha ya pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore" ([[:en:Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view|NPOV]]) e ne ya tlhamiwa semmuso ka nako eno, mme lekhubu la ntlha la Wikipedia la [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter]] le ne la goroga ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le maosme a mabedi le borataro.<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Britannica and Free Content]". Slashdot. July 26, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Archived] from the original on January 14, 2009.</ref> Pegelo ya ntlha ya bobegakgang ka ga Wikipedia e ne ya tlhagelela ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga 2001 mo mokwalong wa dikgang ywa [[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|''Wales ka Sontaga'']].<ref>[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]] (26 August 2001) Knowledge at your fingertips. Game On: Internet Chat.(writing, "Both Encarta and Britannica are official publications with well-deserved reputations. But there are other options, such as homemade encyclopaedias. One is Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.com) which uses clever software to build an encyclopaedia from scratch. Wiki is software installed on a web server that allows anyone to edit any of the pages. On Wikipedia, anyone can write about any subject they know about. The idea is that over time, enough experts will offer their knowledge for free and build up the world's ultimate hand-built database of knowledge. The disadvantage is that it's still an ongoing project. So far about 8,000 articles have been written and the editors are aiming for 100,000.")</ref> [[:en:September_11_attacks|Ditlhaselo tsa kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe]] di ne tsa dira gore go tlhagelele dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo tsebeng ya gae, mmogo le mabokoso a tshedimosetso a a golaganyang dipego tse di amanang le tsone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011010233257/http://www.wikipedia.com/ October 2001 homepage screenshot] shows the "Breaking News" header up top, as well as 11 September 2001 block of articles under "Current events"; the [https://web.archive.org/web/20011010230439/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/September_11%2C_2001_Terrorist_Attack 9/11] page shows the activist nature of the page, as well as the large number of subtopics created to cover the event.</ref> Ka nako eo, go ne go setse go tlhamilwe dipego di ka nna lekgolo tse di amanang le 9/11 .<ref>Keegan, Brian (November 17, 2020). [https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html "How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today]". Slate. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html Archived] from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2021.</ref> Morago ga ditlhaselo tsa kgwedi ya Lwetse a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe, go ne ga tlhaga kgokagano ya setlhogo sa Wikipedia se se buang ka ditlhaselo tseno mo [[:en:Yahoo!|Yahoo!]] tsebe ya gae, mme seno sa felela ka gore go nne le koketsego ya pharakano.<ref>Pasternack, Alex (September 11, 2021). [https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page "How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page".] Fast Company. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page Archived] from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2021.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2002 ==== Ngwaga wa 2002 e ne ya bona go fokodiwa ga matlole a Wikipedia go tswa go [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]] le go tsamaya ga ga Sanger. Go ne ga nna le go [[:en:Fork_(software_development)|kgaogana]] ga [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sepanishe]], ka go tlhongwa ga [[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|''Encyclopedia Libre'']]. Jimmy Wales o netefaditse gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e tsamaisa papatso ya kgwebo. Maranyane a sesupaditshwantsho a ntlha a a rwalegang a [[:en:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] a ne a simolola go dira ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsia le masome a matlhano. Go ne ga tlhagisiwa diroboto. Lenaneo la ntlha la kgaitsadi ([[:en:Wiktionary|Wiktionary]]) le [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Bukana ya]] [[:en:Manual_of_Style|mokgwa]] ya ntlha ya semmuso di ne tsa thankgololwa. Batshwaedi ba ka nna makgolo a mabedi ba ne ba tseleganya Wikipedia letsatsi le letsatsi.<ref>Singer, Michael (January 16, 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20030316082912/http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641 "Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One]". [[:en:Mecklermedia|''Jupitermedia'']]. Archived from [http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641 the original] on March 16, 2003.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2003 ==== [[Setshwantsho:2003-08-31 English Wikipedia main page.svg|thumb|Tsebekgolo ya Wikipedia (kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2003)]] Wikipedia ya Seesemane e fetile dipego di le dikete tse lekgolo ka ngwaga wa 2003, fa kgatiso e e latelang e kgolo go gaisa, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane, e fetile di le dikete tse lesome. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] o ne wa tlhongwa. Wikipedia e amogetse letshwao la yone la lefatshe la jigsaw. Difomula tsa dipalo tse di dirisang [[:en:TeX|TeX]] di ne tsa tsenngwa gape mo lefelong la tshedimosetse. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Kopano ya ntlha ya loago ya Wikipedia]] e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa lefelong la [[:en:Munich|Munich]], kwa lefatsheng la Germany, ka Phalane. Melaometheo ya motheo ya tsamaiso ya [[:en:Wikipedia:ArbCom|Katlholo le komiti ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane]] ("ArbCom") e ne ya tlhamiwa. [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] e ne ya tlhamiwa jaaka lenaneo le le farologaneng ka kgwedi ya Ngwanaitseele a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa 2003, go amogela metswedi ya mahala ya mafoko jaaka maikaelelo a yone mo dipuong tse dintsi le dithanolo. ==== Ngwaga wa 2004 ==== Letamo la dipego tsa Wikipedia lefatshe ka bophara le ne la tswelela go gola ka bonako ka ngwaga wa 2004, la menagana gabedi ka bogolo mo dikgweding di le lesome le bobedi, go tswa mo dipegong tse di ka fa tlase ga dikete tse makgolo a matlhano kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2003 go ya ko go tse di fetang sedikadike se le sengwe ka dipuo tse di fetang lekgolo kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2004. Dipego tsa Seesemane fela tsa Wikipedia tse di ne tsa dira gore go nne le dipego tse di ka fa tlase ga dikete tse makgolo a matlhano. Dipolase tsa disefara tsa lefelo la tshedimosetso di ne tsa fudusiwa go tswa kwa California go ya kwa Florida. [[:en:Wikipedia:Categories|Ditlhopha]] le dipampiri tsa thulaganyo ya mokgwa wa [[:en:CSS|CSS]] di ne tsa tlhagisiwa. Maiteko a ntlha a go thibela Wikipedia a ne a diragala, ka lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la thibelwa kwa China dibeke di le pedi ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo. Ditlhopho tsa semmuso di ne tsa simolola tsa boto ya mokgatlho, le Komiti ya Katlholo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane. Kgaolo ya ntlha ya bosetšhaba ya Motheo, e leng [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]], e ne ya amogelwa. Kopano, ya ntlha ya loago kwa United States e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa [[:en:Boston|Boston]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Boston1|ka kgwedi ya Phukwi]]. [[:en:Wikimedia_Commons|Wikimedia Commons]] e tlhamilwe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola letsatsi le supa ka ngwaga wa 2004 go amogela difaele tsa media tsa Wikipedia ka dipuo tsotlhe. Bourgeois v. Peters,<ref name=":9">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf 387 F.3d 1303]" (PDF). Archived from [http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf the original] (PDF) on December 21, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2013.</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), tsheko ya kgotlatshekelo e e neng ya swetswa ke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo ya United States ya Potologo ya Bolesome le bongwe]] e ne e le nngwe ya dikgopolo tsa ntlha tsa kgotlatshekelo go nopola le go nopola Wikipedia.<ref>Peoples, Lee (January 2010). [http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt "The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions]". Yale Journal of Law and Technology. 12 (1). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150224051512/http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt Archived] from the original on February 24, 2015.</ref> E ne ya bolela jaana: "Gape re gana kgopolo ya gore maemo a kgakololo ya matshosetsi a Lephata la Tshireletso ya Naga ka tsela nngwe a siametse dipatlisiso tseno. Le fa maemo a matshosetsi a ne a 'tlhatlositswe' ka nako ya boipelaetso, 'go fitlha ga jaana, maemo a matshosetsi a ntse a le mo mmala o mosetlha (a tlhatlositswe) go ya go mmala wa lamune mo bontsing jwa nako e e fetileng. makgetlo a le mantsi.'"<ref name=":9" /> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, Wikipedia e ne ya fetola letlalo la yone la thulaganyetsoruri go tswa go [[mw:Skin:Standard|Tlwaelo]] go ya go [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], segokaganyi se se neng sa nna sa thulaganyo ya ruri mo mafelong a tshedimosetso a Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref>"[[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]]". MediaWiki. Retrieved April 30, 2026.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2005 ==== Ka ngwaga wa 2005, Wikipedia e ne ya nna lefelo la tshedimosetso le le ratiwang thata ya ditshupiso mo maranyaneng, go ya ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], ka Wikipedia ya Seesemane e le nosi e e fetang dipego di le dikete di le makgolo a supa le botlhano. Dikgoro tsa ntlha tsa Wikipedia tsa dipuo tse dintsi le tsa dirutwa di ne tsa tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 2005. Kokoanyo ya semmuso ya madi e e neng ya tshwarwa mo kotareng ya ntlha ya ngwaga e ne ya kokoanya mo e ka nnang di dolara tsa lefatshe la Amerika di le dikete tse lekgolo ya go tlhabolola tsamaiso go samagana le tlhokego e e golang. China e ne ya thibela Wikipedia gape ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa 2005. Matlhabisaditlhong a ntlha a magolo a Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|tiragalo ya ga Seigenthaler]], a diragetse ka ngwaga wa 2005 fa go ne go fitlhelwa gore motho yo o itsegeng thata o na le mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho jo bo sentsweng jo bo neng bo sa lemogiwe dikgwedi di le dintsi. Morago ga matshwenyego ano le a mangwe,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons|WP:BLP]] was started on 17 December 2005, with the narrative "I started this due to the Daniel Brandt situation". [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=31753956 Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210609020908/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=31753956 Archived] 9 June 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> go ne ga tlhongwa diphetogo tsa ntlha tsa melawana le tsa tsamaiso tse di neng di diretswe ka tlhamalalo go lwantsha mofuta ono wa kgokgontsho. Tse di ne di akaretsa ntšhwafatso e ntšhwa ya molawana wa tshiamelo ya [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] go thusa mo dipatlisisong tsa [[:en:Sockpuppet_(Internet)|dipopae tsa dikausu]], karolo e ntšhwa e e bidiwang tshireletso ye seng botlalo, molawan o o gagametseng thata wa dibuka tsa botshelo jwa batho ba ba tshelang, le go tshwaya dipego tse di ntseng jalo gore di sekasekwe ka tsela e e gagametseng. Thibelo ya go tlhama dipego tse dišwa go badirisi ba ba kwadisitsweng e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong fela ka kgwedi ya Sedimontholeka ngwaga wa 2005 mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane.<ref>Terdiman, Daniel. "[https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/ Growing pains for Wikipedia"]. CNET. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/ Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Wikimania ya ngwaga wa 2005, e leng bokopano jwa ntlha jwa [[:en:Wikimania|Wikimania]], e ne ya tshwarwa go tloga ka letsatsi la bone go fitlha ka letsatsi la borobabobedi ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2005 kwa ''Haus der Jugend'' kwa [[:en:Frankfurt|Frankfurt]], mme ya ngoka batho ba ka nna makgolo a le mararo le masome a borobabobedi ba ba neng ba le teng. ==== Ngwaga wa 2006 ==== Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona pego ya yone ya bo ikadike, [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|seteišene sa terena sa Jordanhill]], ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo a tlhola letsatsi ,ka ngwaga wa 2006.<ref>Simon, Matt (March 1, 2012). [https://www.wired.com/2012/03/march-1-2006-english-wikipedias-millionth-entry-pulls-into-the-station/https://www.wired.com/2012/03/march-1-2006-english-wikipedias-millionth-entry-pulls-into-the-station/ "March 1, 2006: English Wikipedia's Millionth Entry Pulls Into the Station]". [[:en:Wired_(magazine)|Wired]]. Retrieved April 1, 2024.</ref><ref>Lemon, Sumner (March 2, 2006)[https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html . "Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia"]. [[:en:Computerworld|''Computerworld'']]. Retrieved April 1, 2024.</ref> Tlhopho ya ntlha ya pego ya Wikipedia e e amogetsweng e ne ya dirwa gore e kgone go laisololwa mahala, mme "Wikipedia" e ne ya kwadisiwa jaaka letshwaokgwebo la Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|Matlhabisa ditlhong a]] [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho ya bathusi ba phutego]]– ditiragalo tse dintsi tse mo go tsona badiri ba phutego le motsamaisi wa letsholo ba neng ba tshwarwa ba leka go fetola botshelo jwa motho ya Wikipedia ka ha sephiring – a ne a lemogiwa ke setšhaba, mme se sa dira gore motsamaisi wa letsholo a tlogele tiro. Le fa go ntse jalo, Wikipedia e ne ya tsewa e le nngwe ya matshwaokgwebo a matlhano a a kwa godimo a lefatshe ka bophara a ngwaga wa 2006.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352 "brandchannel.com | branding news]". March 21, 2007. Archived from [http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352 the original] on March 21, 2007. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Jimmy Wales o ne a supa kwa [[:en:Wikimania_2006|Wikimania]] [[:en:Wikimania_2006|wa ngwaga wa 2006]] gore Wikipedia e fitlheletse bogolo jo bo lekaneng mme a kopa gore go gatelelwa boleng, gongwe se se tlhagisitsweng sentle mo pitsong ya [[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|dipego di le dikete tse lekgolo tsa boleng jwa dikarolo]]. Go ne ga tlhamiwa tshiamelo e ntšhwa, "botlhokomedi", e e letlang mefuta e e rileng ya ditsebe tse di bolokilweng tse di nang le diteng tse di sa amogelesegeng go tshwaiwa jaaka tse di sa bonweng. Tshireletso e e seng kalo kgatlhanong le tshenyo e e sa itsiweng, e e neng ya tlhagisiwa ka ngwaga wa 2005, e ne ya itshupa e ratwa thata go feta ka fa go neng go solofetswe ka teng, ka ditsebe di feta dikete tse di neng tsa sirelediwa ka bontlhabongwe ka nako epe fela ka ngwaga wa 2006. ==== Ngwaga wa 2007 ==== Wikipedia e ne ya tswelela go gola ka bonako ka ngwaga wa 2007, e na le diakhaonto tsa barulaganyi tse di kwadisitsweng di feta didikadike di le tlhano ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro.<ref>See the special page: [[:en:Special:Statistics|Special:Statistics]]: 5,078,036 registered user accounts as of 13 August 2007, excluding anonymous editors who have not created accounts.</ref> Dikgatiso tsa dipuo di le makgolo a mabedi le botlhano tsa Wikipedia di ne di na le palogotlhe e e kopantsweng ya dipego di le didikadike di le supa ntlha tlhano e leng palogotlhe ya mafoko a le didikadike di le bongwe ntlha supa le bone, ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a tlhola a malatsi a le lesome le boraro .<ref>Source: [[:en:Wikipedia:Size_comparisons|Wikipedia:Size comparisons]] as of 13 August 2007</ref> Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona dipego ka selekanyo se se tlhomameng sa di le sekete se le sengwe le makgolo a supa ka letsatsi,<ref>From around Q3 2006 Wikipedia's growth rate has been approximately linear, source: [[:en:Wikipedia:Statistics|Wikipedia:Statistics]] – new article count by month 2006–2007.</ref> ka leina la kgolagano ya karolo la wikipedia.org le le mo maemong a bo lesome a a naleng ditiro tse dintsi mo lefatsheng. Wikipedia e ne ya tswelela go bonala [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|mo bobegakgannyeng]] – [[:en:Essjay_controversy|kganetsano ya ga Essjay]] e ne ya runya fa leloko le le tlhageletseng la Wikipedia le ne le fitlhelwa le buile maaka ka dintlha tsa gagwe tsa boitshupo. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e gaisanang ya mo maranyaneng, e ne ya thankgololwa phatlalatsa. Tlwaelo e ntšhwa e ne ya tlhagelela mo Wikipedia, ka ensaetlopedia e e neng e bua le batho ba go itsege ga bone go neng go tswa mo go nneng motsayakarolo mo kgannyeng ya dikgang ka go oketsa kaelo go tswa mo leineng la bone go ya kwa kgannyeng e kgolo, go na le go tlhama pego e e tlhaolegileng ya mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho.[<ref>e.g., cases such as [[:en:Crystal_Mangum|Crystal Mangum]] and Daniel Brandt.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2007, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona pego ya yone ya didikadike di le pedi, [[:en:El_Hormiguero|''El Hormiguero'']].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles"]. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. September 9, 2007. Archived from [[foundationsite:wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|the original]] on July 8, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2012.</ref> Go ne ga nna le kganetsano nngwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2007 fa [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Volapük]] e ne e tlola go tswa ko dipegong di le makgolo a supa, masome a borobabongwe le bosupa go ya go feta dikete tse lekgolo le bongwe le dikete tse pedi, ka bokhutshwane ya nna kgatiso ya bo lesome le botlhano e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya Wikipedia, ka ntlha ya go tlhamiwa ga ditlhogo tse di itirisang ke motlhoafaledi wa puo e e agilweng ya [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]<ref>"[http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252 Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie]". PC World (Polish) (in Polish). December 1, 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131106024950/http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252 Archived] from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</ref><ref>Yves Nevelsteen (September 15, 2007). [http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio "Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio"]. Libera Folio (in Esperanto). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio Archived] from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</ref>. Go ya ka [[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|''MIT Technology Review,'']] palo ya barulaganyi ba ba tlhagafetseng ka bontsi jwa dinako mo Wikipedia ya puo ya Seesemane e ne ya fitlha kwa setlhoeng ka ngwaga wa 2007 go feta dikete tse masome a matlhano le bongwe, mme fa e sa le ka nako eo e ntse e fokotsega.<ref>Simonite, Tom (October 22, 2013). "[https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ The Decline of Wikipedia]". [[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ Archived] from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2020.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang kangwaga wa 2007, go ne ga gatisiwa tokololo ya tlhopho ya pego ya Wikipedia ya Mofuta wa 0.5.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team]", Wikipedia, June 12, 2022, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707222542/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 archived] from the original on July 7, 2022, retrieved June 25, 2022</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2008 ==== Mananeo a a farologaneng a Wiki mo mafelong a le mantsi a ne a tswelela go atolosa le go tokafatsa diteng tsa pego mo teng ga bogolo jwa tsone. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2008, go ne ga tlhamiwa pego ya Wikipedia ya didikadike di le lesome, mme kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya feta dipego di le didikadike di le dikete tse pedi le botlhano. ==== Ngwaga wa 2009 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka oura ya masome a mabedi le bobedi le metsotso e le lesome le botlhano mo nakong ya UTC, morago [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ga loso lwa ga Michael Jackson]], lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la phutlhama ka nakwana. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] o begile gore go ne ga nna le baeng ba ba ka nnang didikadike ba ba neng ba le kwa mokwalong wa botshelo jwa ga Jackson mo lobakeng lwa oura e le nngwe, gongwe e le baeng ba bantsi mo lobakeng lwa oura e le nngwe ba ba neng ba le kwa pegong epe fela mo ditsong tsa Wikipedia. Kwa bokhutlong jwa kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2009, palo ya dipego mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia e ne e fetile didikadike di le lesome le bone .<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)]". Wikimedia.org. Archived from [[stats:EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|the original]] on March 5, 2014.</ref> Setlhogo sa didikadike di le tharo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane, [[:en:Beate_Eriksen|Beate Eriksen]], se tlhamilwe ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka nako ya oura ya bone le metsotso e le metlhano, go ya ka Nako ya Lefatshelotlhe e e Rulagantsweng (UTC).<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-08-17/News_and_notes&oldid=309138115 Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2009-08-17/News and notes"], Wikipedia, August 20, 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20210609111443/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-08-17/News_and_notes&oldid=309138115 archived] from the original on June 9, 2021, retrieved March 16, 2023</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2009, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane e ne ya feta dipego di le sedikadike se le sengwe, mme ya nna kgatiso ya bobedi morago ga Wikipedia ya Seesemane go dira jalo. Setlhogo sa [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']] se ne sa kwala Wikipedia mo gare ga mafelo a tshedimosetso a a gaisang tsa ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1918031_1918016_1917948,00.html Wikipedia – 50 Best Websites 2009]" [https://web.archive.org/web/20111202174857/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1918031_1918016_1917948,00.html Archived] 2 December 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. TIME. 24 August 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2011.</ref> Diteng tsa Wikipedia di ne tsa fiwa tetla ka fa tlase ga tetla ya [[:en:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike|Creative Commons ya go Abelana]] ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>"[[m:Licensing_update/Timeline|Licensing update/Timeline – Meta".]] meta.wikimedia.org. October 30, 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline Archived] from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.</ref> === Ngwagasome wa bobedi: ngwaga wa 2010 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2019 === ==== Ngwaga wa 2010 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a masome a mabedi le bone, ditsamaiso tse di bolokang ditshedimosetso tsa Wikipedia tsa karolo kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe ya Europe di ne tsa tswa mo maranyaneng ka ntlha ya bothata jwa go gotela thata. [[:en:Failover|Go palelwa]] ke ditsamaiso tsa poloko ya tshedimosetso kwa Florida go ne ga itshupa go robegile, ga dira gore tharabololo ya [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] ya Wikipedia e palelwe go ralala lefatshe. Bothata bo ne jwa rarabololwa ka bonako, mme ka ntlha ya ditlamorago tsa go boloka DNS, mafelo mangwe a ne a le bonya go kgona go bona Wikipedia gape go feta a mangwe.<ref>Bergsma, Mark (March 24, 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100327123357/http://techblog.wikimedia.org/2010/03/global-outage-cooling-failure-and-dns/ "Global Outage (cooling failure and DNS)"]. Wikimedia Technical Blog. Archived from [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2010/03/global-outage-cooling-failure-and-dns/ the original] on March 27, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2010.</ref><ref>Perez, Juan Carlos (March 25, 2010). [https://www.pcworld.com/article/192410/wikipedia_suffers_global_collapse.html "Wikipedia Suffers Global Collapse"]. PC World. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100329132858/http://www.pcworld.com/article/192410/wikipedia_suffers_global_collapse.html Archived] from the original on March 29, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganonga tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro, lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la golola sebopego se sesha sa yone. Dikarolo tse disha di ne di akaretsa letshwao le le ntšha, didirisiwa tse di ntšha tsa go tsamaya mo lefelong la tshedimosetso le, le sedirisiwa sa go thusa go tlhama dikgokagano<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch New features]". [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]]. Archived from [[:en:Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|the original]] on August 22, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2010.</ref>. Le fa go ntse jalo, sebopego sa bogologolo se ne sa tswelela se le teng gore se dirisiwe ke ba ba neng ba batla go tswelela ba se dirisa. Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bobedi, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya feta palo ya ditlhogo di le didikadike di le dikete tse tharo le botlhano fa setlhogo sa sedikadike sa ntlha sa Wikipedia ya Sefora se ne sa tlhamiwa ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bongwe. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro, go ne ga dirwa tokafatso ya sedikadike ya ntlha mo mananeong otlhe a Wikimedia. Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2010, go ne ga gatisiwa kgatiso ya Wikipedia Version 0.7, e e neng e na le tlhopho ya dipego.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team"], Wikipedia, June 12, 2022, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707222542/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 archived] from the original on July 7, 2022, retrieved June 25, 2022</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2011 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Nngwe ya [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|dikuku di le mmalwa]] tse di dirilweng go keteka ngwaga wa bo lesome wa Wikipedia ka ngwaga wa 2011<ref>[[tenwiki:Main_Page|"Wikipedia 10"]]. Ten.wikipedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Archived] from the original on December 31, 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2014.</ref>]] Wikipedia le badirisi ba yone ba ne ba tshwara meletlo e le mentsi lefatshe ka bophara go gopola [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ngwaga wa bo]] [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|lesome]] wa lefelo leo ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano.<ref>Wikipedia celebrates a decade of edit wars, controversy, and Internet dominance [http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/011111-wikipedia-decade.html?hpg1=bn networkworld.com] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120315204326/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/011111-wikipedia-decade.html?hpg1=bn Archived] 15 March 2012 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> Lefelo leo le ne la simolola maiteko a go atolosa kgolo ya lone kwa India, mme la tshwara bokopano jwa lone jwa ntlha jwa India kwa Mumbai ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ka ngwaga wa 2011.<ref>Vaidyanathan, Rajini (November 19, 2011). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308 "Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push"]. BBC News. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055525/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308 Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112 "Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India]". Reuters. January 12, 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110114211053/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112 Archived] from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2011.</ref> [[:en:English_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Seesemane]] e fetile letshwao la dipego di le didikadike di le dikete tse tharo le botlhano ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a mabedi, mme ya fitlha go dipego di le didikadike di le dikete tse tharo le borobabobedi ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele e tlhola malatsia le lesome le borobabobedi. Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele e tlhola malatsia le supa ka ngwaga wa 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sejeremane]] e ne ya feta diphetogo tsa ditsebe di le didikadike di le lekgolo, mme ya nna kgatiso ya bobedi ya puo go dira jalo morago ga kgatiso ya Seesemane, e e neng ya fitlhelela diphetogo tsa ditsebe di le didikadike di le makgolo a matlhano ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele e tlhola malatsi a le masome le bobedile bone ka ngwaga wa 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sedatšhe]] e ne ya feta dipego di le sedikadike se le sengwe go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesomele bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2011 e nna kgatiso ya bone go dira jalo. Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo a tlhola malatsi a le mararo ka ngwaga wa 2011, go ne ga gatisiwa kgololo ya tlhopho ya pego ya Wikipedia ya Mofuta wa 0.8.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_0.8&oldid=998970578 Wikipedia:Version 0.8"], Wikipedia, January 7, 2021, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220705013507/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_0.8&oldid=998970578 archived] from the original on July 5, 2022, retrieved June 25, 2022</ref> Setempe sa "Wikimania 2011 – Haifa, Iseraele" se ne sa ntshiwa ke Israel Post ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2011. Se e ne e le setempe sa ntlha se se neng se neetswe lenaneo le le amanang le Wikimedia. Magareng ga malatsi a mane le borataro a kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2011, [[:en:Italian_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Italy]] e ne ya nna e e sa fitlhelegeng ka bomo go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le molao o o tshitshintsweng wa [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Palamente ya Italy]] wa [[:en:DDL_intercettazioni|DDL intercettazioni]], o, fa o ka amogelwa, o neng o tla letla motho ope fela go pateletsa mafelo a tshedimosetso go ntsha tshedimosetso e e tsewang e le e e seng boammaaruri kgotsa e e kgopisang, kwantle ga go ntsha bosupi.<ref>[https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689 "Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law"]. PC Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689 Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Gape ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2011, Wikimedia e ne ya itsise go simololwa ga [[:en:Wikipedia_Zero|Wikipedia Zero]], e leng letsholo la go kgontsha phitlhelelo ya mahala ya megala ya mosokela tsebeng mo Wikipedia mo ditshebang tse di tlhabologang ka tirisanommogo le badirisi ba megala ya mosokela tsebeng.<ref>Kapoor, Amit (October 26, 2011). [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/ "Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access]". Wikimedia blog. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150717070411/http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/ Archived] from the original on July 17, 2015.</ref><ref>"[[mw:Wikipedia_Zero|Wikipedia Zero]]". MediaWiki. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero Archived] from the original on May 29, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2012.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2012 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Wikimedia Foundation Wikipedia Blackout SOPA January 18, 2012.theora.ogv|thumb|Babereki ba kwa [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlhong wa Wikimedia]] ka nako ya fa go ne go kgaoga emisiwa tirelo ya lefelo la tshedimosetso mo SOPA]] Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlholamalatsi a le lesome le borataro, motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia [[:en:Jimmy_Wales|Jimmy Wales]] o ne a itsise gore Wikipedia ya Seesemane e tla [[:en:2012_Wikipedia_blackout|tswallwa ruri]] dioura di le masome a mabedi le bone ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e le lesome le borobabobedi jaaka karolo ya boipelaetso jo bo neng bo ikaeletse go bitsa tlhokomelo ya setšhaba mo Molaong o o tshitshintsweng wa go [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Emisa Borukhutlhi jwa Inthanete]] le [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Molao wa PROTECT IP]] , e leng melao e mebedi e e [[:en:Copyright_infringement|kgatlhanong le borukhutlhi jwa dithoto tsa bakwadi]] jwa [[:en:United_States_Congress|puthego ya United States]] ka fa tlase ga ngangisano. Ba ne ba bitsa kemiso ya tirelo ye ya lefelo la tshedimosetso "tshwetso ya baagi", Wales le baganetsi ba bangwe ba melao ba ne ba dumela gore e tla tsenya puo e e gololesegileng le boitshimololedi jwa mo inthaneteng mo kotsing.<ref>Ortenzi, T. J. (January 17, 2012). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html "Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales"]. The Washington Post. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306052240/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Go emisa tirelo ga nakwana mo go tshwanang le mo go ne ga dirwa ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le lesome ke [[:en:Russian_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Russia,]] go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le molao o o tshitshintsweng wa taolo ya inthanete ya Russia.<ref>[https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest "Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest]". UKPA via Google. July 10, 2012.</ref> Mo bokhutlong jwa kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] e ne ya itsise ka [[:en:Wikidata|Wikidata]], e leng boalo jwa lefatshe lotlhe jwa go abelana tshedimosetso fa gare ga dikgatiso tsotlhe tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345 "Wikidata announcement on Facebook]". Wikimedia Deutschland. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345 Archived] from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2015.</ref><ref>Chalabi, Mona (April 26, 2013). "[https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?]". [https://web.archive.org/web/20211002152920/https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch Archived] from the original on October 2, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.</ref> Lenaneo la Wikidata la didolara di le didikadike di le sekete le bosupa tsa Amerika e ne e tlamelwa ke Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Gordon le Betty Moore]], le Setheo sa Allen sa Botlhale jwa Maitirelo<ref>Terdiman, Daniel. [https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/ "Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions"]. CNET. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/ Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland e ne ya tsaya maikarabelo a kgato ya ntlha ya Wikidata, mme kwa tshimologong e ne e rulagantse go dira gore boalo bo nne teng mo barulaganying ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2012. Kgato ya ntlha ya Wikidata e ne ya simolola go dira ka botlalo ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2013.<ref>Perez, Sarah (March 30, 2012). [https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/ "Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others]". TechCrunch. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120817042610/http://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/ Archived] from the original on August 17, 2012.</ref><ref name=":13">Pintscher, Lydia (February 13, 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/ "Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia]". Wikimedia Deutschland. Archived from [[the original]] on February 19, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2013.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Justin Anthony Knapp (cropped).jpg|thumb|Justin Knapp]] Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2012, [[:en:Justin_Knapp|Justin Knapp]] o ne a nna mokwadi wa ntlha a le mongwe go dira diphetogo tse di fetang sedikadike se le sengwe mo Wikipedia.<ref>Titcomb, James (April 20, 2012). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html "First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits".] The Daily Telegraph. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html Archived] from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>Skelton, Alissa (April 24, 2012). [https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor "Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits"]. Mashable. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Jimmy Wales o ne a akgola Knapp ka tiro ya gagwe mme a mo fa sekgele sa lefelo la tshedimosetso e le sa ''Barnstar'' ''e e'' ''Kgethegileng s'' le kabelo ya ''Golden Wiki'' ka ntlha ya phitlhelelo ya gagwe.<ref>"[https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/ Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits".] Engadget. April 20, 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits Archived] from the original on August 20, 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2012.</ref> Wales gape e ne ya bolela gore kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi e tla nna "Letsatsi la ga Justin Knapp".<ref>Skelton, Alissa (April 23, 2012). [http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/ "Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits"]. Mashable. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151119235227/http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/ Archived] from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2012.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2012, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona dipego tsa yone tsa didikadike di le nne, [[:en:Ezbet_El_Borg|Izbat al-Burj]].<ref>[http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/ "English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles]!". [[:en:Wikimedia_UK|Wikimedia UK]] Blog. Wikimedia UK. July 13, 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/ Archived] from the original on December 22, 2012. Retrieved July 13, 2012.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2012, raditso le morulaganyi wa Wikipedia [[:en:Richard_J._Jensen|Richard J. Jensen]] o ne a ntsha mogopolo wa gore Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne e "gaufi le go wediwa", a tlhokomela gore palo ya barulaganyi ba ba dirang ka dinako tsotlhe e ne e wetse tlase thata fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2007, le fa Wikipedia e ne e gola ka bonako mo palong ya dipego le mo babading.<ref>Rosen, Rebecca J. (October 25, 2012). [https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/ "Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense]". The Atlantic. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/ Archived] from the original on October 28, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2012.</ref> Go ya ka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Inthanete ya Alexa]], Wikipedia e ne e le lefelo la tshedimosetso la borataro le le tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go tloga ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ka ngwaga wa 2012.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org "Amazon Alexa]". alexa.com. Archived from [https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org the original] on August 25, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> [[:en:AllThingsD|Dow Jones]] e ne ya baya Wikipedia mo maemong a botlhano lefatshe ka bophara go tloga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2012.<ref>[http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year "The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/ Archived] from the original on December 6, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2013., by Liz Gannes; AllThingsD became a subsidiary of Dow Jones & Company Inc in 2005 and was absorbed into [[:en:The_Wall_Street_Journal|WSJ.com]] during 2013.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2013 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2013, [[:en:Italian_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya SeItaly]] e ne ya nna kgatiso ya botlhano ya puo ya Wikipedia go feta dipego di le sedikadike se le sengwe, fa Wikipedia ya [[:en:Russian_Wikipedia|Se-Russia]] le ya [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Sespanishe]] e ne ya oketsega ka dipego tsa tsone tsa sedikadike ka malatsi a le lesome le bongwe le lesome le borataro a kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka go latelana. Ka letsatsi la lesome le botlhano la kgwedi ya Phukwi di-Wikipedia tsa [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Se-Sweden]] le ka Lwetse a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bone tsa [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Se-Poland]] di ne tsa bona dipego tsa tsone tsa didikadike, mme tsa nna dikgatiso tsa borobabobedi le tsa borobongwe tsa Wikipedia go dira jalo. Ka letsatsi la masome a mabedi le bosaupa la kgwedi ya Ferikgong, [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|asteroid ya konokono ya lebanta]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] e ne ya bidiwa semmuso "Wikipedia" ke [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Komiti ya Maina a Mmele o Mennye]].<ref>Workman, Robert (February 5, 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html "Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'"]. [[:en:TechMediaNetwork,_Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]. Archived from [http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html the original] on February 6, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2013.</ref> Kgato ya ntlha ya polokelo ya tshedimosetso ya [[:en:Wikidata|Wikidata]], e e neng e tlamela ka dikgokagano tsa dipuo tse di farologaneng le tshedimosetso e nngwe ka go itirisa, e ne ya nna teng mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2013.<ref name=":13" /> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2013, [[:en:Direction_centrale_du_renseignement_intérieur|tirelo ya sephiri ya Fora]] e ne ya bonwa molato ka go leka go tlhotlhomisa Wikipedia ka go tshosetsa moithaopi wa Wikipedia ka go tshwarwa ntle le fa "tshedimosetso ya sephiri" ka ga [[:en:Pierre-sur-Haute_military_radio_station|seteišene sa radio sa sesole]] e ka phimolwa.<ref>Willsher, Kim (April 7, 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page "French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page"]. The Guardian. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130930145033/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page Archived] from the original on September 30, 2013. Retrieved April 9, 2013.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Wikimania 2013 - VisualEditor - The present and future of editing our wikis.webm|thumb|Pontsho ka ga [[:en:VisualEditor|Motseleganyi wa Ditshwantsho]] wa Wikipedia]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi, go ne ga simololwa thulaganyo ya go fetola ya [[:en:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]], e e neng ya bopa kgato ya ntlha ya maiteko a go letla gore dipego di fetotswe ka segokaganyi se se tshwanang le sa [[:en:Word_processor|setlhagisa mafoko]] go na le go dirisa [[:en:Wiki_markup|tshwao ya wiki]].<ref>Arthur, Charles (July 2, 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens "Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more"]. The Guardian. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131104201314/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens Archived] from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2013.</ref> Go ne ga simololwa gape le morulaganyi yo o diretsweng [[:en:Smartphone|megala ya letheka ya segompieno]] le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa megala ya mosokela tsebeng.<ref>Gonera, Juliusz (July 25, 2013). "[[diffblog:2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|Edit Wikipedia on the go]]". Diff. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/ Archived] from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2014 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Wikipedia Edit 2014.webm|left|thumb|Tshekatsheko ya sesupa ditshwantso sa diteng tsa Wikipedia ka ngwaga wa 2014, e rotloetsa babogedi go tseleganya Wikipedia]] Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2014, lenaneo la go dira kgatiso e e gatisitsweng ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane, e e nang le bogolo bo le sekete le ditsebe di feta didikadike di le dingwe le dikete di le lekgolo, e ne ya simololwa ke batsayakarolo ba Wikipedia ya Sejeremane.<ref name=":10" /> Lenaneo le ne le batla matlole ka [[:en:Indiegogo|Indiegogo]], mme e ne e ikaeletse go tlotla meneelo ya barulaganyi ba Wikipedia.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding "Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned"]. The Guardian. February 20, 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding Archived] from the original on March 11, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2014, sefikantswe sa ntlha sa Wikipedia se ne sa bulwa kwa toropong ya Poland ya Slubice.<ref>Day, Matthew (October 10, 2014). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html "Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia"]. The Daily Telegraph. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html Archived] from the original on October 11, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2014.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola letsatsi le le borobabobedi, lesome le botlhano ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, le kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Se-Waray]], [[:en:Vietnamese_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Se-Vietnam]] le [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Se-Cebuano]] nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e ne ya feta letshwao la pego e le sedikadike se le sengwe. E ne e le Wikipedia ya bolesome, ya bolesome le bongwe le ya bolesom le bobedi go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Le fa di ne di na le badirisi ba le mmalwa fela ba ba matlhagatlhaga, di-Wikipedia tsa puo ya Se-Waray le Se-Cebuano di ne di na le palo e e kwa godimo ya dipego tse di tlhamilweng ka go itirisa tse di tlhamilweng ke di roboto. ==== Ngwaga wa 2015 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Wikipedia 5 million articles milestone video November 2015.ogv|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di tshikinyegang tse di tshwayang phitlhelelo ya Wikipedia ya Setswana ya dipego di le didikadike di le tlhano ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele e le letsatsi ka ngwaga wa 2015]] Mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa 2015, Wikipedia e ne e le lefelo la tshedimosetso ya bosupa e e tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go ya [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Maranyane a Alexa]] ,<ref name=":14">[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org# "Wikipedia.org Site Info]". [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org Archived] from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017.</ref> e ne e le kwa tlase ka lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ka ngwaga wa 2012. Kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2015, Wikipedia e ne ya nna ensaetlopedia e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya kitsokakaretso mo inthaneteng, ka palogotlhe e e kopantsweng ya dipego tse di fetang didikadike di le masome a mararo le borataro tsa lefelo le legolo mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a borobabongwe le bongwe.<ref name=":12" /> Ka palogare, Wikipedia e amogela palogotlhe ya dipono tsa ditsebe tsa lefatshe lotlhe di le dibilione di le lesome go tswa mo baeting ba ba kgethegileng ba ka nna didikadike di le makgolo a mane le masome a borobabongwe le botlhano kgwedi le kgwedi,<ref name=":10" /><ref>[[stats:wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|"Wikimedia Statistics"]]. April 20, 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm Archived] from the original on October 20, 2011. Retrieved October 14, 2011.</ref> go akaretsa le baeng ba le didikadike di le masome a borobabobedi le botlhano go tswa kwa lefatsheng la United States fela,<ref name=":11" /> kwa e leng lefelo la borataro le le ratiwang thata.<ref name=":14" /> Gatisa Wikipedia e ne e le porojeke ya botaki e e dirilweng ke Michael Mandiberg e e neng ya dira gore go nne le bokgoni jwa go gatisa dibolumo di le 7473 tsa Wikipedia jaaka e ne e le teng ka 7 Moranang 2015. Bolumo nngwe le nngwe e na le ditsebe di le 700 mme ke di le 110 fela tse di gatisitsweng ke motaki.[138] Ka la 1 Ngwanaitseele 2015, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e fitlheletse diathikele di le 5 000 000 ka go tlhamiwa ga athikele ka ga Persoonia terminalis, mofuta wa setlhatshana. Ka Diphalane 23, Wikipedia e ne ya amogela Sekgele sa Kgosigatsana ya Asturias sa Tirisanommogo ya Boditšhabatšhaba.[139][140] Ka di 19 Ferikgong 2016, Wikipedia ya Sejapane e ne ya feta letshwao la diathikele di le milione o le mongwe, mme ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesometharo go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Setlhogo sa bomilione e ne e le sa Wave 224, e leng sekepe sa ka fa tlase ga metsi sa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II sa Sesole sa Lewatle sa Bogosi jwa Japane. Mo bogareng jwa 2016, Wikipedia e ne ya nna gape webosaete ya borataro e e tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Alexa Internet,[141] e tlhatlogile ka lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one mo ngwageng o o fetileng. Mo bogareng jwa 2017, Wikipedia e ne ya kwalwa jaaka webosaete ya botlhano e e ratiwang thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Alexa Internet,[142] e tlhatlogile lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one mo ngwageng o o fetileng. Wikipedia Zero e dirilwe gore e nne teng kwa Iraq le kwa Afganistan. Ka di 29 Moranang 2017, go fitlhelela Wikipedia mo inthaneteng go ne ga thibelwa mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo kwa Turkey ke balaodi ba Turkey. Boloko jono bo ne jwa tswelela go fitlha ka Ferikgong 15, 2020, ka gonne kgotlatshekelo ya Turkey e ne ya atlhola gore boloko jono bo tlola ditshwanelo tsa batho. Wikipedia ya Sejapane e e tsenngwang khoutu e thibetswe kwa China fa e sale ka Sedimonthole 28 2017.[143] Ka di 13 Moranang 2018, palo ya diathikele tsa Wikipedia ya Setšhaena e ne ya feta milione o le 1, mme ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesome le bone go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Wikipedia ya Setšhaena e thibetswe kwa Nagengkgolo ya China fa e sale ka Motsheganong 2015.[144] Moragonyana mo ngwageng, ka Seetebosigo 26, Wikipedia ya Sepotokisi e ne ya feta letshwao la diathikele di le milione o le mongwe, ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesome le botlhano go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Setlhogo sa bomilione e ne e le Perdão de Richard Nixon (Tshwarelo ya ga Richard Nixon). Ka 2018, Wikipedia e ne ya boloka lenaane la yone jaaka webosaete ya botlhano e e ratiwang thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Inthanete ya Alexa.[145] Ntlha nngwe e e tlhomologileng e ne e le tiriso ya Botlhale jwa Maitirelo go tlhama diathikele tse di kwadilweng ka ditlhogo tse di neng di tlhokomologilwe.[146] Ka di 23 Moranang 2019, balaodi ba China ba ne ba atolosa Wikipedia go nna mefuta ya dipuo tsotlhe.[147][148] Nako ya go thibela e ne ya tsamaisana le ngwaga wa bo 30 wa ditshupetso le polao ya batho ba le bantsi kwa Tiananmen Square ka 1989 le ngwaga wa bo 100 wa Mokgatlho wa Motsheganong wa Bone, mme seno sa felela ka gore inthanete e tlhotlhomisiwe thata kwa China.[149] Ka Phatwe 2019, go ya ka Alexa.com, Wikipedia e ne ya wela tlase go tswa mo maemong a botlhano go ya kwa maemong a bosupa mo webosaeteng mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Ka one ngwaga oo, khopi ya Wikipedia e ne ya romelwa kwa Ngweding, e le karolo ya Laeborari ya Arch Lunar. Ka ntlha ya go palelwa, rokete e ne ya thula mo godimo ga Ngwedi, mme, ka ntlha ya tiriso ya di-disk tse di kgethegileng, tse di kgonang go emelana le nickel, go dumelwa gore khopi e ne ya falola go thula.[151] === Ngwagasome wa boraro: 2020–gompieno === Ka di 23 Ferikgong 2020, setlhogo sa dimilione di le thataro, e leng lokwalotshelo lwa ga Maria Elise Turner Lauder, se ne sa tsenngwa mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane. Le fa go ne go na le kgolo eno ya diathikele, go dirisana ga Wikipedia mo inthaneteng ya lefatshe lotlhe, jaaka go lekanngwa ke Alexa, go ne ga tswelela go fokotsega. Ka Tlhakole 2020, Wikipedia e ne ya wela mo webosaeteng ya bolesome le bongwe mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Bobedi go bega ga Wikipedia ga mathata a leroborobo la COVID-19 le diphetogo tse di tshegetsang, dipuisano, le e leng go phimolwa go ne go akanngwa gore ke motswedi o o mosola go borahisitori ba isago ba ba batlang go tlhaloganya paka eo ka botlalo.[152] Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Boitekanelo o dirisane mmogo le Wikipedia jaaka motswedi wa konokono wa go anamisa tshedimosetso e e amanang le COVID-19 jaaka go thusa go lwantsha go anama ga tshedimosetso e e fosagetseng.[153][154] Ka Ferikgong 2021, ngwaga wa bo 20 wa Wikipedia o ne wa lemogiwa mo metsweding ya dikgang. Ka di 13 Ferikgong 2021, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya fitlhelela diphetogo di le dibilione di le nngwe, koo tseleganyo ya bobilione e neng ya dirwa ke Steven Pruitt.[159] MIT Press e gatisitse buka e e bulegileng ya ditlhamo Wikipedia @ 20: Dikgang tsa Phetogo e e sa Fediwang, e e rulagantsweng ke Joseph Reagle le Jackie Koerner ka ditshwaelo go tswa go ba-Wikipedia ba ba tlhageletseng, ba-Wikimedia, babatlisisi, babegadikgang, balaeborari le baitseanape ba bangwe ba ba akanyang ka ditiragalo tse di rileng le[60]. Ka Ngwanaitseele 2021, Wikipedia e ne e wetse mo webosaeteng ya bolesometharo mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Ka la 6 Sedimonthole 2022, Modiri wa Wikipedia Richard Knipel o ne a tlhama setlhogo sa setlhogo sa Botaki, se poeletso ya sone ya ntlha e neng e le terafote e e tlhagisitsweng ke ChatGPT e Knipel a neng a e dirile diphetogo tse dinnye go tsamaisana thata le maemo a Wikipedia. Knipel o boletse mo tsebeng ya puisano gore o dumela gore ke lekgetlo la ntlha mongwe a dirisa ChatGPT go tlhama athikele ya Wikipedia. Go romelwa ga athikele eno go ne ga kgalwa ke barulaganyi ba bangwe mme ga tsosa kganetsano mo setšhabeng sa Wikipedia, mme seno sa dira gore go nne le kganetsano e e tseneletseng ka gore a ChatGPT le dikai tse di tshwanang le yone di tshwanetse go dirisiwa mo go kwaleng diteng tsa Wikipedia le gore, fa go le jalo, di tshwanetse go dirisiwa go le kana kang.[161] Ka Ferikgong 2023, segokaganyi sa desekethopo sa Wikipedia se ne sa fetolwa lekgetlo la ntlha fa e sale ka 2010, go nna Vector 2022.[162] Segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo se sesha se ne sa nyatswa thata ke badirisi. Dikganetso tse dintsi di ne di tlhomile mogopolo mo thulaganyong ya bophara jo bo tlhomameng, e e neng ya dira gore go nne le sebaka se sesweu se se feteletseng mo dintlheng tsa dimonithara tse di bulegileng, mme seno sa dira gore go nne le motlotlo wa mafoko a le 90 000 wa gore a letlalo le lesha le tshwanetse go nna le le tlwaelegileng. Wikipedia ya Seswahili e ne ya boutela ka bongwefela jwa pelo go gana letlalo le lesha mme "ka bokhutshwane" ya batla gore go boelwe kwa letlalong la bogologolo. Go tshwaiwa phoso go gongwe go ne ga lebisiwa kwa Mokgatlhong wa Wikimedia ka go thapa setlhopha sa batlhami se se nang le maitemogelo a a lekanyeditsweng mo diwiki. Brandon Harris, yo e neng e le motlhami yo mogolo kwa Wikipedia go tloga ka 2010 go fitlha ka 2014, o ne a re: "Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia gantsi o thapa batlhami ba ba sa tlwaelanang le baagi, mme ba tsena mme ba leka go dira diphetogo tseno tsotlhe—ba taboga ka tlhogo pele go nna saga ya buzz—mme baagi ba gana ka tsela e e utlwalang]".[163] Morago ga therisano le kgaisano, letshwao la ntlha la modumo la Wikimedia (go akaretsa le Wikipedia) le ne la amogelwa.[164] Ka Ferikgong 13, 2024, khopi ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane, e e bolokilweng mo polokelong ya tshedimosetso ya 5D optical, e ne ya tsenngwa mo lefelong la patlisiso le le ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa Switzerland, le le nang le kgonagalo ya go bolokwa dingwaga di ka nna dibilione di le 14, ka ntlha ya thekenoloji ya polokelo e e dirisitsweng. Khopi e ka balega ka go dirisa maekerosekopo, kwantle ga go tlhoka go dirisa thekenoloji ya dijithale.[165] Ka di 22 Tlhakole 2024, khopi ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya goroga ka katlego mo Ngweding, jaaka karolo ya porojeke ya Galactic Legacy Archive. Thomo e ne ya dirwa ke Metšhini ya Intuitive, fa rokete yone e ne ya thankgololwa ke SpaceX. Tshedimosetso eno e ne e bolokilwe jaaka e e dirisang dikarolo di le 16 tsa nikele, mme go fopholediwa gore e ka nna mo godimo ga Ngwedi dingwaga di ka nna dibilione di le 5. [166] [[Setshwantsho:Work-in-progress animation of the Wikipedia 25 birthday mascot scrolling on a phone.gif|thumb]] Ka Ferikgong 15, Wikipedia e ne ya keteka ngwaga wa yone wa bo 25.[167] Go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa ditokomane le "khaphule ya nako" jaaka karolo ya meletlo.[168] Go ne ga gololwa setshwantsho se se tlhamilweng ke modirisi BaduFerreira se se bidiwang Baby Globe. E ne ya tlhagelela fa mokgwa wa letsatsi la matsalo o ne o kgontshitswe mo Wikipedia. Go ne ga tlhamiwa seaparo sa Baby Globe se se ka kokoanngwang ka tirisanommogo le Makeship.[169] Baby Globe e ne ya tlosiwa mo saeteng ya Wikipedia ka Moranang 7.[170] Ka Mopitlwe 27, Wikipedia e ne ya thibela tiriso ya diteng tse di tlhamilweng ke di-LLM mo diathikeleng tsa yone, kwa ntle ga dithanolo le diphetogo tse dinnye tsa dikhopi.[171][172] Ka Motsheganong 11, Wikipedia e ne ya golola Kgwetlho ya go Bala ya Ngwaga wa bo 25 wa tiriswa ya iOS go tloga ka Motsheganong 11 go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 18, mme Baby Globe e ne ya tlhagisiwa gape.[173] == Hisetori go ya ka serutwa == === Serwethata le serweboleta === Athikele ya konokono: MediaWiki Sofotewere e e tsamaisang Wikipedia, le serweboleta sa khomphiutha, dipolase tsa disefara le ditsamaiso tse dingwe tse Wikipedia e ikaegileng ka tsone. * Ka Ferikgong 2001, Wikipedia e ne ya tsamaya mo UseModWiki, e e kwadilweng ka Perl ke Clifford Adams. Seva e sa ntse e sebetsa ho Linux, le ha mongolo wa mantlha o ne o bolokilwe difaeleng ho ena le polokelotshedimosetsong. Ditlhogo di ne tsa bidiwa ka kopano ya CamelCase. * Ka Ferikgong 2002, "Kgato II" ya sofotewere ya wiki e e nayang Wikipedia maatla e ne ya tlhagisiwa, e e neng ya emisetsa UseModWiki ya bogologolo. E kwaletswe porojeke eno ka tlhamalalo ke Magnus Manske, e ne e akaretsa enjene ya wiki ya PHP. * Ka Phukwi 2002, go kwalwa sešwa go gogolo ga sofotewere e e nayang Wikipedia maatla go ne ga simolola; e e bidiwang "Kgato III", e ne ya tsaya sebaka sa mofuta wa bogologolo wa "Kgato II", mme ya nna MediaWiki. E kwadilwe ke Lee Daniel Crocker go tsibogela ditlhokego tse di oketsegang tsa porojeke e e golang. * Ka Diphalane 2002, Derek Ramsey o ne a tlhama bot – thulaganyo e e itirisang e e bidiwang Rambot – go oketsa palo e ntsi ya diathikele tse di buang ka ditoropo tsa United States; diathikele tseno di ne tsa tlhagisiwa ka go itirisa go tswa mo tshedimosetsong ya palobatho ya U.S. Ka jalo o ne a oketsa palo ya diathikele tsa Wikipedia ka 33 832.[174] Se se biditswe "kgato e e tsosang kganetsano go gaisa mo hisitoring ya Wikipedia".[175] * Ka Ferikgong 2003, go ne ga okediwa ka tshegetso ya difomula tsa dipalo mo TeX. Khoutu e ne ya ntshiwa ke Tomasz Węgrzanowski. * Ka di 9 Seetebosigo 2003, segokaganyi sa ISBN sa Wikipedia se ne sa fetolwa go dira gore di-ISBN mo diathikeleng di golagane le Special:Metswedi ya Dibuka, e e tsayang diteng tsa yone go tswa mo tsebeng e e ka rulaganngwang ke modirisi ya Wikipedia:Metswedi ya dibuka. Pele ga se, dintlha tsa kgokagano ya ISBN di ne tsa tsenngwa khoutu mo sofotewereng mme go ne ga tshitshinngwa tse dišwa mo tsebeng ya Wikipedia:ISBN. Bona tseleganyo e e fetotseng seno. * Morago ga 6 Sedimonthole 2003, melaetsa e e farologaneng ya tsamaiso e e neng e bontshiwa badirisi ba Wikipedia e ne e sa tlhole e tsentswe dikhoutu tse di thata, mme seno se ne sa dira gore batsamaisi ba Wikipedia ba kgone go fetola dikarolo dingwe tsa segokaganyi sa MediaWiki, jaaka molaetsa o o neng o bontshiwa badirisi ba ba thibetsweng. * Ka di 12 Tlhakole 2004, ditiro tsa disefara di ne tsa fudusiwa go tswa kwa San Diego, kwa California go ya kwa Tampa, kwa Florida.[176] * Ka di 29 Motsheganong 2004, diwebosaete tsotlhe tse di farologaneng di ne tsa tlhabololwa go nna mofuta o mošwa wa serweboleta sa MediaWiki. * Ka la 30 Motsheganong 2004, go ne ga tlhagelela ditiragalo tsa ntlha tsa ditsenngwa tsa "go aroganngwa ka ditlhopha". Dikema tsa ditlhopha, jaaka Diphetogo tsa Bosheng le Tseleganya Tsebe Eno, di ne di ntse di le teng fa e sa le Wikipedia e tlhongwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, Sanger o ne a lebile dikema jaaka manaane, le diathikele tse di tsenngwang ka diatla, fa maiteko a go aroganya a ne a ikaegile ka ditsenngwa tsa go aroganya ka bongwe mo athikeleng nngwe le nngwe ya saetlopedia, jaaka karolo ya go aroganya ka ditlhopha go gogolo go go itirisang ga diathikele tsa saetlopedia.[177] * Morago ga 3 Seetebosigo 2004, batsamaisi ba ne ba ka tseleganya setaele sa segokaganyi ka go fetola CSS mo pampiring ya setaele sa buka e le nngwe mo MediaWiki:Monobook.css. * Gape ka 30 Motsheganong 2004, ka MediaWiki 1.3, go ne ga tlhamiwa lefelo la maina la Thempoleite, le le letlang go tsenngwa ga ditlhangwa tse di tlwaelegileng . * Ka di 7 Seetebosigo 2005 ka 3:00 a.m. ka Nako e e Tlwaelegileng ya Botlhaba, bontsi jwa disefara tsa Wikimedia di ne tsa fudusediwa kwa lefelong le lesha le le ka kwa ga mmila. Diporojeke tsotlhe tsa Wikimedia di ne di sa dire ka nako eno. * Ka Mopitlwe 2013, kgato ya ntlha ya polokelotshedimosetso ya Wikidata ya interwiki e ne ya nna teng mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia.[121] * Ka Phukwi 2013, go ne ga tlhongwa segokaganyi sa go tseleganya sa VisualEditor, se se neng se letla badirisi go tseleganya Wikipedia ba dirisa morulaganyi wa mafoko wa WYSIWYG (o o tshwanang le modirisiwa wa go rulaganya mafoko) go na le go tshwaya wiki.[132] Segokaganyi sa go tseleganya se se tokafaditsweng didiriswa tsa selulafouno le sone se ne sa gololwa ==== '''Ponalo le mokgwa wa tiriso''' ==== ''Ponalo ya kwa ntle ya Wikipedia, tsela e e lebegang ka yone, mokgwa o e dirang ka one, le letshwao la yone (branding), tsotlhe jaaka di bonwa ke badirisi''. Ka la 4 Moranang 2002, BrilliantProse, e moragonyana e neng ya bidiwa Featured Articles (Ditlhogo tse di Tlhophilweng), e ne ya fudusiwa go tswa mo lefelong la ditlhogo go ya mo lefelong la Wikipedia. Mo e ka nnang ka la 15 Diphalane 2003, go ne ga tsenngwa letshwao (logo) le lesha la Wikipedia. Kgopolo ya letshwao leo e ne ya tlhophiwa ka tshegetso ya ditlhopho, mme morago ga moo ga latela tshekatsheko ya go tlhopha mofuta o o gaisang. Letshwao la bofelo le ne la tlhamiwa ke David Friedland (yo o dirisang leina la “nohat” mo Wikipedia), le ikaegile ka mokgwa le kgopolo tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa ke Paul Stansifer. Ka la 22 Tlhakole 2004, karolo ya “Did You Know (DYK)” e ne ya tlhagelela la ntlha mo Tsebeng e Kgolo (Main Page). Ka la 23 Tlhakole 2004, ka nako ya 19:46 UTC, Tsebe e Kgolo e ne ya fiwa ponalo e ntšha e e neng e rulagantswe sentle. Ponalo eno e ne ya akaretsa ditlhogo tse di tlhophilweng tsotlhe ka seatla, tse di neng di akaretsa:Setlhogo se se Tlhophilweng sa Letsatsi (Daily Featured Article),Ditiragalo tsa Segopotso (Anniversaries),Mo Dikgang (In the News),le Did You Know (DYK). Ka '''la 10 Ferikgong 2005''', go ne ga tlhongwa '''porata ya dipuo tsotlhe''' mo atereseng ya '''www.wikipedia.org''', e e neng ya emisetsa go romela badirisi ka tlhamalalo kwa Wikipedia ya Seesimane. Ka la 5 Tlhakole 2005, Portal:Biology e ne ya tlhamiwa, mme ya nna porata ya ntlha ya setlhogo sengwe (thematic portal) mo Wikipedia ya Seesimane. Le fa go ntse jalo, kgopolo eno e ne e setse e simolotswe mo Wikipedia ya Sejeremane, kwa Portal:Recht (Dithuto tsa Molao) e neng ya tlhongwa ka Diphalane 2003. Ka la 16 Phukwi 2005, Wikipedia ya Seesimane e ne ya simolola mokgwa wa go tlhagisa setshwantsho se se tlhophilweng sa letsatsi mo Tsebeng e Kgolo. Ka la 19 Mopitlwe 2006, morago ga ditlhopho, Tsebe e Kgolo ya Wikipedia ya Seesimane e ne ya fetolwa sešwa la ntlha morago ga dingwaga di ka nna pedi. Ka la 13 Motsheganong 2010, wepsaete e ne ya golola sebopego se sesha (interface). Dikarolo tse disha di ne di akaretsa: * letshwao (logo) le le ntšhafaditsweng, * didirisiwa tse disha tsa go tsamaya mo wepsaeteng, * le sedirisiwa sa go thusa go tlhama dikgokagano (link wizard). === Diphetogo tsa thulaganyo ka 2023 === Vector 2022, e leng ntšhwafatso ya Vector 2010 ya letlalo la pele la Wikipedia, e ne ya itsisiwe ka Lwetse 2020, mme kwa tshimologong e ne e rulaganyeditswe go tlhagelela ka 2021, pele ga e ka dirisiwa ka Ferikgong 2023.[183] Ka Ferikgong 2023, Wikimedia e ne e dirile gore ntšhwafatso e nne teng mo dikgatisong tsa yone tsa puo di le 300; e ne e le tlwaelo ya diphetolelo tsa Searabia le Segerika.[184][163][185] Vector 2022 e na le segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo sa modirisi se se tlhabolotsweng se se dirang diphetogo tse dintsi mo thulaganyong ya dielemente tsa segokaganyi. Gareng ga tsone, menyu wa go tlhopha puo, o pele o neng o le kafa molemeng wa sekerini, jaanong o fitlhelwa mo sekhutlong se se kwa godimo sa moja sa pontsho ya setlhogo se se balwang gone jaanong.[185] Mo godimo ga moo, bara e e kafa thoko e a phuthega ka fa morago ga konopo ya hamburger. Vector 2022 gape e oketsa dintlha tsa pontsho ya athikele, e e nang le phelelo ya go lekanyetsa bophara jwa athikele;[185] go na le toggle e e ka fokotsang dintlha le go atolosa bophara jwa mola wa athikele go tlatsa sekerini.[186][163] Bogolo jwa thulaganyetsoruri jwa sekwalwa ga bo ise bo okediwe, le fa Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o boleletse Engadget gore o solofela go dira seno kgetho mo isagong.[184] Tiro ya patlo le yone e ne ya tlhabololwa mo Vector 2022, ka gonne dipholo tse di tshitshintsweng go araba dipotso tsa modirisi jaanong di akaretsa ditshwantsho le ditlhaloso tse dikhutshwane go tswa mo ditsebeng tse go buiwang ka tsone.[185][187] Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o ne wa bolela gore phetogo eno e ne e tlhotlhelediwa ke keletso ya go dira gore lefelo leno le nne la segompieno le go tokafatsa maitemogelo a go tsamaya le go tseleganya mo babading ba ba senang maitemogelo a inthanete, ka gonne letlalo la pele le ne le tsewa le le "le le sa siamang le le le fekeetsang."[183][184][186] Diteko tse di dirilweng ke motheo di ne tsa oketsa dipholo tsa mokgatlho ono. dipatlisiso, le phokotsego ya diperesente di le 15 ya go phetlha.[184][186] Diphetolelo tsa ntlha tsa Vector 2022 di ne tsa simolola go dirisiwa la ntlha ka 2020 mo mafelong a Wikipedia a puo ya Sefora, Sehebera le Sepotokisi,[183] ​​jaaka fa dikarolo tse disha tsa letlalo di ne di phasaladiwa mo badirising gore di lekwe ka iketlo pele ga le gololwa ka botlalo.[188] Letlalo le ne la simolola go dirisiwa jaaka letlalo la thulaganyetsoruri la babadi ba mafelo a Wikimedia ka dipuo di le 300 (mo go tse 318) ka Ferikgong 18 2023.[184][163][185] Morago ga go phasaladiwa ka bontsi ga Vector 2022, go santse go kgonega go bala Wikipedia o dirisa letlalo le le fetileng. Le fa go ntse jalo, go dira jalo go tlhoka gore babadi ba ikwadisetse akhaonto ya Wikipedia, mme morago ba sete ditlhopho tsa bone go bontsha Vector 2010 boemong jwa seo.[185] Ga go na diphetogo tse di dirilweng mo matlalong a Wikipedia a a leng teng jaaka Monobook le Timeless, tse le tsone di sa ntseng di le teng go ka dirisiwa.[163][189] Badirisi ba Wikipedia ba ne ba kgaogane ka diphetogo tseno. Kopo ya tshwaelo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane e e botsang baagi gore a Vector 2022 e tshwanetse go dirisiwa kgotsa nnyaa jaaka letlalo la thulaganyetsoruri le kokoantse mafoko a a fetang 90,000 mo dikarabong.[163] Batshwayadiphoso ba go tlhamiwa sešwa ba ne ba ganetsa thata sebaka se sesweu se se tlogetsweng se le lolea mo letlalong le lešwa, fa badirisi ba bangwe ba ne ba nyatsa batshwayadiphoso ba re ba na le kganetso ya phetogo.[163] Barulaganyi ba le 165 ba ba neng ba tsaya karolo mo motlotlong ba ne ba sa amogele letlalo le lešwa, fa ba le 153 ba ne ba rata, mme ba le robongwe ba ne ba nna ba sa tseye letlhakore.[190][163][191] Le fa go ne go na le palo e kgolo ya barulaganyi ba ba neng ba tlhagisa gore ga ba batle gore Vector 2022 e dirisiwe ka sebopego sa yone sa ga jaana, ka tumalano mo Wikipedia e sa tsewe tshwetso ka boutu, motlotlo o ne wa tswalelwa go rata go tlhamiwa sešwa, go akanyediwa ditshwaelo tse di siameng tse di tlogetsweng ke badirisi ba bangwe.[13] Batlhami ba Vector 2022 ba dirile diphetogo dingwe mo letlalong go tsibogela ditshwaelo, tse di jaaka go tsenya toggle go kgontsha diteng tsa athikele go tlatsa bophara jotlhe jwa sekerini.[163][192] Badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Seswahili ba ne ba sa dumalane ka bongwefela jwa pelo le go tsenngwa tirisong ga letlalo le lešwa.[163] Babegadikgang ba ba neng ba tsibogela go phasaladiwa ga Vector 2022 ba ne ba tsaya ntšhwafatso le dikarolo tse disha tse di tlhagisitsweng e le ditlaleletso tse di mosola, mme ka kakaretso ba ne ba tlhalosa letlalo jaaka ntšhwafatso e nnye e e neng ya se ka ya fetola maitemogelo a bone a go bala mo Wikipedia.[187][163][186] Annie Rauwerda, motlhami wa diakhaonto tsa media wa loago tsa Boteng jwa Wikipedia, o kwadile mo Slate gore Vector 2022 e ne e sa "farologane thata" le letlalo le le fetileng. Rauwerda o ne a lemoga gape go tshwana fa gare ga tsibogo ya baagi ba Wikipedia kgatlhanong le moakanyetso le dikganetso tsa nako e e fetileng tsa diphetogo tse di tshwanang tsa pono mo mafelong a a tlwaelegileng a a jaaka Reddit.[163] Rauwerda, le Mike Pearl wa Mashable, ba ne ba akgela ka gore badirisi ba ba sa itumeleleng phetogo eno ba ka nna ba sekaseka mo motlotlong o o buang ka letlalo, kgotsa ba dirisa ditiriso tsa go itebaganya tse di ageletsweng mo saeteng eno go fetola maitemogelo a bone a go bala.[190][163] === Go kokoanya madi === [[Setshwantsho:WMF Support and Revenue, Expenses and Net Assets at Year End.jpg|thumb|Tlhabololo ya matlole ya Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia (ka US$), 2003–2023]] Ngwaga le ngwaga, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o tsamaisa matsholo a go kokoanya madi mo Wikipedia go tshegetsa ditiro tsa one. Tseno ka kakaretso di tsaya mo e ka nnang kgwedi mme di diragala ka dinako tse di farologaneng tsa ngwaga mo dinageng tse di farologaneng. Mo godimo ga dibenara tsa go kokoanya madi mo Wikipedia ka boyone, go na gape le matsholo a imeile; diimeile dingwe di laletsa batho go tlogela madi a Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia mo diwiling tsa bone.[224][225] Lotseno lo tlhatlogile ngwaga le ngwaga wa go nna teng ga Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia, lwa fitlha go dimilione di le US$180.17 go tloga ka 30 Seetebosigo 2023, fa lo bapisiwa le ditshenyegelo tsa dimilione di le US$169.1.[226][227] Mo godimo ga moo, Wikimedia Endowment, e leng maiteko a a farologaneng a go kokoanya madi a a simolotsweng ka 2016, a ne a fitlha go dimilione di le $100 ka 2021, dingwaga di le tlhano ka bonako go feta ka fa go neng go rulagantswe ka gone.[228] Ditlamorago tsa kwa ntle Ka 2007, Wikipedia e ne ya tsewa e tshwanela go dirisiwa jaaka motswedi o mogolo ke Ofisi ya Thoto ya Tlhaloganyo ya UK mo katlholong ya kgetse ya letshwaokgwebo la Formula One.[229] Fa nako e ntse e ile, Wikipedia e ne ya amogelwa ke metswedi ya dikgang e e tlwaelegileng jaaka "motswedi o o botlhokwa" wa ditiragalo tse disha tse dikgolo, tse di jaaka thoromo ya lefatshe ya Lewatle la India ya 2004 le tsunami e e amanang le yone, ditlhopho tsa Boporesidente tsa Amerika tsa 2008,[230] le go thuntshiwa ga Virginia Tech ka 2007. Setlhogo sa bofelo se ne sa fitlhelelwa makgetlo a le 750,000 mo malatsing a mabedi, mme makwalodikgang a a gatisitsweng mo lefelong la gaeno go thuntshiwa a oketsa ka gore "Wikipedia e tlhageletse jaaka lefelo la go phepafatsa tshedimosetso e e feletseng ka tiragalo eno."[231] Ka di 21 Tlhakole 2007, Noam Cohen wa New York Times o ne a bega gore barutegi bangwe ba ne ba thibela tiriso ya Wikipedia jaaka sedirisiwa sa patlisiso.[232] Ka di 27 Tlhakole 2007, athikele mo lekwalodikgannyeng la The Harvard Crimson e ne ya bega gore baporofesara bangwe kwa Yunibesithing ya Harvard ba ne ba akaretsa Wikipedia mo dithulaganyong tsa bone tsa thuto, mme go ne ga nna le kgaogano mo tseleng e ba neng ba leba go dirisa Wikipedia ka yone.[233] Ka Phukwi 2013, patlisiso e kgolo e e dirilweng ke diyunibesiti di le nne tse dikgolo e ne ya supa diathikele tse di neng di ngangisanwa thata mo Wikipedia, mme ya fitlhela gore Iseraele, Adolf Hitler le Modimo di ne di ngangisanwa ka bogale go feta ditlhogo dipe tse dingwe.[234] === Ditlamorago tsa diathikele tsa bayokerafi === Hobane di-biography tsa Wikipedia hangata di ntjhafatswa ka tlhahisoleseding e ntjha e tla, hangata di sebediswa e le mohlodi wa referense ka maphelo a batho ba hlokomelehang. Seno se dirile gore go dirwe maiteko a go dirisa boferefere le go dira gore diathikele tsa Wikipedia di nne tsa maaka ka boikaelelo jwa go bapatsa kgotsa go senya leina (Dikganetsano) mme gape se dirile gore go dirisiwe dilo tse disha tsa tshedimosetso ya bayokerafi tse di neetsweng. Ka Ngwanatsele 2005, kganetsano ya ga Seigenthaler e ne ya nna teng fa motsietsi mongwe a ne a bolela mo Wikipedia gore mmegadikgang John Seigenthaler o ne a na le seabe mo polaong ya ga Kennedy ka 1963. Ka Sedimonthole 2006, rametlae wa Mojeremane e bong Atze Schröder o ne a sekisa Arne Klempert, mokwaledi wa Wikimedia Deutschland ka gonne a ne a sa batle gore leina la gagwe la mmatota le gatisiwe mo Wikipedia. Moragonyana Schröder o ne a gogela ngongorego ya gagwe morago mme o ne a batla gore ditshenyegelo tsa mmueledi wa gagwe di duelwe ke Klempert. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya swetsa ka gore motaki o tshwanetse go duelela ditshenyegelo tseo ka boene.[235] Ka la 16 Tlhakole 2007, raditiragalo wa Turkey Taner Akçam o ne a tshwarwa ka nakwana fa a goroga kwa Boemafofaneng jwa Boditšhabatšhaba jwa Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau ka ntlha ya tshedimosetso ya maaka mo bayokerafing ya gagwe ya Wikipedia e e neng e bolela gore ke serukhutlhi.[236][237] Ka Ngwanatsele 2008, radipolotiki wa Lekoko la Left la Jeremane e bong Lutz Heilmann o ne a bolela gore mafoko mangwe a a neng a a bua mo setlhogong sa gagwe sa Wikipedia a ne a senya leina la gagwe. O ne a atlega go bona taelo ya kgotlatshekelo ya go dira gore Wikimedia Deutschland e tlose lefelo le le botlhokwa la go batla. Sephetho e ne e le ho tsholloa ha naha ha tshehetso ya Wikipedia, meneelo e mengata ho Wikimedia Deutschland, le ho nyoloha ha dipono tsa ditsebe tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa sehlooho sa Lutz Heilmann ho tloha ho mashome a mmalwa ho ya ho halofo ya milione. Ka bonako morago ga foo, Heilmann o ne a kopa kgotlatshekelo go gogela morago taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.[238] Ka Sedimonthole 2008, Wikimedia Nederland, kgaolo ya Dutch, e ne ya fenya taelo ya ntlha morago ga gore rakgwebo a golaganngwe mo athikeleng ya "gagwe" le sekebekwa Willem Holleeder mme a batla gore athikele eo e phimolwe. Moatlhodi kwa Utrecht o ne a dumela polelo ya Wikimedia ya gore ga e na tlhotlheletso mo diteng tsa Wikipedia ya Sedatšhe.[239] Ka Tlhakole 2009, fa radipolotiki wa Mojeremane e bong Karl Theodor Maria Nikolaus Johann Jacob Philipp Franz Joseph Sylvester Buhl-Freiherr von zu Guttenberg a ne a nna tona ya puso ya bofederale ka di 10 Tlhakole 2009, modirisi yo o sa kwadisiwang o ne a oketsa ka setlhogo sa bolesome le bongwe sa Sejeremane se se neilweng ka leina. Dikuranta di le dintsi di ne tsa e amogela. Fa batho ba Wikipedia ba ba kelotlhoko ba ne ba leka go tlosa Wilhelm, go tseleganya go ne ga busediwa morago go nopolwa makwalodikgang ao. Kgetse eno ka ga go ikanyega ga Wikipedia le babegadikgang ba ba kopololang go tswa mo Wikipedia e ne ya bidiwa Falscher Wilhelm ("Wilhelm yo o sa siamang").[240] == Metswedi == 9uo15i3v2efr5gy7vkjug0hdf331o8x 53462 53454 2026-07-28T11:00:32Z Atsile Edith 11759 Ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 53462 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wikipedia]], e leng [[:en:Online_encyclopedia|ensaetlopedia ya mo maranyaneng]] e e nang le [[:en:Free_content|diteng tse di sa duelelweng]] e e kwadilweng le go tlhokomelwa ke setšhaba sa baithaopi ba ba bidiwang [[:en:Wikipedians|Wikipedians]], e simolotse ka go [[:en:First_Wikipedia_edit|kwalwa ga yone la ntlha]] ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), malatsi a mabedi morago ga gore lotshwao loo le kwadisiwe.<ref>[http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org "Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools"]. ''[[:en:WHOIS|WHOIS]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org Archived] from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref> E ne ya gola go tswa mo [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia,]] e leng ensaetlopedia e e rulagantsweng sentle e e sa duelelweng, e le tsela ya go letla go kwalwa ga ditlhogo le dithanolo motlhofo le ka bonako. Ditshegetso tsa maranyane le tsa dikgopolo tsa Wikipedia di tla pele ga seno; kakanyo ya ntlha e e itsiweng ya ensaetlopedia ya maranyane e dirilwe ke [[:en:Rick_Gates_(Internet_pioneer)|Rick Gates]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro (1993),<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html "Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger"]. History Computer. 2010. Archived from [http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html the original] on April 15, 2012. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> mme kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia ya [[:en:Free_as_in_freedom|maranyane e e gololesegileng]] (jaaka e [[:en:Alternative_terms_for_free_software|farologana]] le [[:en:Open_source|motswedi o o bulegileng]] fela)<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source "Philosophy"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source Archived] from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> e ne ya akanngwa ke [[:en:Richard_Stallman|Richard Stallman]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998).<ref name=":1">[[:en:Richard_Stallman|Stallman, Richard]] (1998). [https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html "The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)"]. GNU. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html Archived] from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Kgopolo ya ga Stallman e ne e akaretsa ka tlhamalalo kgopolo ya gore ga go na mokgatlho ope o o botlhokwa o o tshwanetseng go laola go rulaganya. Seno se ne se farologana le diensaetlopedia tsa maranyane tsa motlha oo jaaka [[:en:Encarta|Microsoft Encarta]] le ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|Encyclopedia Britannica]]''. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001), teseletso ya [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] e ne ya fetolwa go nna [[:en:GFDL|GFDL,]] mme [[:en:Jimmy_Wales|Jimmy Wales]] le [[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] ba ne ba simolola Wikipedia jaaka lenaneo le le tlaleletsang, ba dirisa [[:en:Wiki|wiki]] ya mo maranyaneng jaaka sedirisiwa sa go kwala ka tirisanommogo.<ref>[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory "WikiHistory"]. [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory Archived] from the original on June 21, 2002. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Le fa kwa tshimologong Wikipedia e ne e akanngwa e le lefelo la go kwala mekwalo le dikgopolo tsa gore kgabagare go baakanngwe Nupedia, e ne ya feta e e neng e le teng pele ga yone ka bonako, ya nna lefelo la go kwala dipego le legae la setlhagiswa sa bofelo se se baakantsweng sa lenaneo la lefatshe lotlhe ka makgolokgolo a dipuo, mme seno sa tlhotlheletsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya [[:en:List_of_wikis|mananeo a mangwe a ditshupiso tsa mo maranyaneng]]. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), Wikipedia e ne e na le babadi ba ka nna didikadike di le makgolo a mane le masome a ferabongwe le botlhano ka kgwedi.<ref name=":10">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]''. March 1, 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140408202455/http://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks Archived] from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), go ya ka [[:en:ComScore|comScore]], Wikipedia e ne ya amogela baeng ba ba kgethegileng ba feta didikadike di le lekgolo le lesome le botlhano ka kgwedi go tswa kwa United States fela.<ref name=":11">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 "comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015"]. comScore. February 24, 2015. Archived from [http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 the original] on March 17, 2015. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), diporojekete tseno di ne tsa bonwa baeng mo tsebeng ba le dibilione di le lesome le botlhano le sephatlo ka kgwedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects "Monthly overview"]. ''Wikimedia statistics''. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from [[stats:v2/#/all-projects|the original]] on January 24, 2020. Retrieved Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka 2026.</ref> [[File:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Tsebe ya boremelelo ya Wikipedia (Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2001)]] == Kakaretso ya ditso == === Lemorago === Kgopolo ya go kokoanya kitso ya lefatshe mo lefelong le le lengwe e simolotse kwa [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|lefelong la go bala la bogologolo la Alexandria]] le [[:en:Library_of_Pergamum|Lefelong la go bala la Pergamo,]] mme go na le dilo tsa bogologolo tse di neng tsa tla pele ga kgopolo ya ensaetlopedia e e akaretsang, [[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|ditso tse di jaaka Naturalis]] ya ga [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny yo Mogolo]], mme kakanyo ya segompieno ya ensaekolopedia e e akaretsang tsotlhe, e e gatisiwang le go anamisiwa kwa bathong ba le bantsi, e simologile ka [[:en:Denis_Diderot|Denis Diderot]] le baitseanape ba Fora ba lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga ba ba neng ba kwala diensaekolopedia.<ref>Miloš, Todorović (2018). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594 From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge]". ''Časopis KSIO''. '''1''': 88–102. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5281/zenodo.3235309|10.5281/zenodo.3235309.]] Retrieved October 20, 2021.</ref> Kgopolo ya go dirisa metšhine e e itirisang go feta [[:en:Printing_press|motšhine o o gatisang]] go aga ensaetlopedia e e mosola thata e ka bonwa mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:Paul_Otlet|Paul Otlet]] ya ngwaga wa 1934 ya ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet gape o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Mundaneum|Mundaneum]], e leng setheo se se neng se ineetse go dira ditshupane tsa kitso ya lefatshe, ka ngwaga wa 1910. Kgopolo e ya ensaetlopedia e e thusiwang ke motšhini e ne ya atolosiwa go ya pele mo bukeng ya ga [[:en:H._G._Wells|H. G. Wells]] ya ditlhamo" [[:en:World_Brain|''World Brain'']] (ngwaga wa1938) le pono ya ga [[:en:Vannevar_Bush|Vannevar Bush]] ya isago ya [[:en:Memex|Memex]] e e neng e dirisa [[:en:Microfilm|filimi e e bolokang ditshwantso ka bogolo jo bonnye]], e a e tlhalositse mo setlhangweng sa gagwe se se bidiwang "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (ngwaga wa 1945).<ref name=":2">Reagle, Joseph (2010). Good Faith Collaboration. The Culture of Wikipedia. MIT Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0262014472|978-0262014472.]] Chapter 2: "The Pursuit of the Universal Encyclopedia".</ref> Phitlhelelo e nngwe e ne e le lenaneo la Xanadu la ga [[:en:Ted_Nelson|Ted Nelson]] ya go tlhama ditlhangwa tse dintsi, e e neng ya simolola ka ngwaga wa 1960.<ref name=":2" /> Tiriso ya baithaopi e ne e le botlhokwa thata mo go direng le go tlhokomeleng Wikipedia. Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa go ne go se na inthanete, mananeo tse dikgolo tse di dingalo tsa mofuta o o tshwanang di ne di dirisitse baithaopi. Ka tlhamalalo, go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Oxford_English_Dictionary|''Thanodi ya Seesemane ya Oxford'']] go ne ga akanngwa ka puo kwa lefelong la dibuka la London, ka Letsatsi la ga [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele a tlhola malatsi a le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 1857, ke [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. Go tsere dingwaga di ka nna masome a supa go wediwa. Dr. Trench o ne a akanya ka bukantswe e ntšha e kgolo ya lefoko lengwe le lengwe mo puong ya Seesemane, le go dirisiwa ka puso ya batho le batho le ka kgololesego. Go ya ka mokwadi Simon Winchester, "Go dira thulaganyo e, o ne a re, go ne go feta bokgoni jwa motho ope fela. Go bala dibuka tsotlhe tsa Seesemane – le go sekaseka makwalo a dikgang a London le New York le makwalo a dikgang le buka ya tsotlhe a aitseng go bala le go kwala – go na le moo go tshwanetse ga nna 'tiro e e kopaneng ya batho ba le bantsi.' Go tla tlhokega go thapa setlhopha – mo godimo ga moo, se segolo – se gongwe se nang le makgolokgolo le makgolokgolo a batho ba ba sa duelweng, botlhe ba dira jaaka baithaopi."<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998). ''The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary''. Harpers, p. 106.</ref> Kgatelopele ya maranyane ya tshedimosetso kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga e ne ya dira gore go dirwe diphetogo mo mofuteng wa diensaetlopedia. Le fa diensaetlopedia tsa nako e e fetileng, segolobogolo [[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|''Encyclopædia Britannica'']], gantsi di ne di theilwe mo dibukeng, [[:en:Encarta|Encarta]] ya Microsoft, e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 1993, e ne e le teng mo CD-ROM e bile e na le [[:en:Hyperlink|dikgolagano tse dintsi]]. Go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] go ne ga dira gore go dirwe maiteko a mantsi a go dira [[:en:Online_encyclopedia|mananeo a ensaetlopedia tsa maranyane]]. Tshitshinyo ya ntlha ya ensaetlopedia ya mo inthaneteng e ne e le [[:en:Interpedia|Interpedia]] ka ngwaga wa1993 ke [[:en:Rick_Gates_(Internet_pioneer)|Rick Gates]];<ref name=":0" /> lenaneo le le ne la swa pele ga e tlhagisa diteng dipe tsa ensaetlopedia. Motshegetsi wa [[:en:Free_software|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka sa mahala]] [[:en:Richard_Stallman|Richard Stallman]] o ne a tlhalosa botlhokwa jwa "Ensaetlopedia ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Mahala le Motswedi wa go Ithuta" ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":1" /> Tokomane ya gagwe e e gatisitsweng e ne ya tlhalosa kafa go ka "tlhomamisiwang ka gone gore kgatelopele e tswelela pele go ya kwa dipoelong tse di gaisang le tsa tlholego." Motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia e bong Jimmy Wales o ne a bolela gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tla fa e ne e le moithuti wa dialogane kwa [[:en:Indiana_University_Bloomington|Mmadikolong wa Indiana]], koo a neng a kgatlhiwa ke katlego ya [[:en:Open-source_movement|mokgatlho wa motswedi o o bulegileng]] mme a fitlhela [[:en:GNU_Manifesto|Lekwalo la maikelelo le bokgoni la ga Emacs]] wa ga Richard Stallman o o rotloetsang [[:en:Free_software_movement|mananeo a sesupaditlhaka a mahala]] le itsholelo ya go abelana e kgatlhang. Wales gape o akgola tlhamo ya ga moitseanape wa itsholelo wa [[:en:Austrian_School|Sekolo sa Austria]] e bong [[:en:Friedrich_Hayek|Friedrich Hayek]], Polelo ya tlhamo ya "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng,]]" e a neng a e bala fa a ne a le moithuti wa pele ga kalogo,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all Know It All - The New Yorker]". ''[[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker]]''. September 30, 2014. Archived from [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all the original] on September 30, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> jaaka "e e botlhokwa" mo go akanyeng ga gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka gone."<ref>Mangu-Ward, Katherine (May 30, 2007). "[https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ Wikipedia and Beyond]". ''Reason.com''. Retrieved November 7, 2024.</ref> Tlhamo e e gatelela gore [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|tshedimosetso e kgaogantswe fela ka bongwe]]—gore motho mongwe le mongwe o itse fela karolwana e nnye ya se se itsiweng mmogo, ditshwetso di dirwa botoka ke batho ba ba nang le kitso ya lefelo leo, go na le ke bothati jo bo botlhokwa. Ka nako eo, Wales o ne a ithuta tsa madi mme o ne a kgatlhilwe ke ditlhotlheletso tsa batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba ntsha seabe jaaka baithaopi mo go tlhameng mananeo a disupaditlhaka tsa mahala, koo dikai di le dintsi di neng di nna le dipholo tse di molemo thata.<ref>[https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales "Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales: "I have this crazy idea that people will pay for free news]"", Danny in the Valley, January 19, 2018, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055526/https://play.acast.com/s/dannyinthevalley/wikipediasjimmywales archived] from the original on March 16, 2023, retrieved March 16, 2023 Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Go ya ka mokwalo wa dikgang w ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'', Wikipedia "e simolotse mo tsholofelong ya maranyane e e neng e tlhaola inthanete kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la masome a mabedi la dingwaga. E ne e tshwara gore batho ba ba tlwaelesegileng ba ka dirisa disupa ditlhaka tsa bone jaaka didirisiwa tsa kgololesego, thuto, le go sedimosiwa."<ref>[https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher "Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher]". The Economist. January 9, 2021. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613 0013-0613.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221231224550/https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher Archived] from the original on December 31, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.</ref> === Go tlhama kgopolo === Wikipedia e ne ya akanyediwa kwa tshimologong jaaka lenaneo la phepo ya [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] e e neng ya tlhongwa kwa Wales, lenaneo la pelenyana la go tlhagisa ensaetlopedia ya mahala ya inthanete, e e neng ya ithaopela go dira ke [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]], kompone ya dipapatso tsa maranyane e e leng ya ga Jimmy, [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]] le [[:en:Michael_E._Davis_(businessman)|Michael E. Davis]]. <ref>[[:en:Marshall_Poe|Poe, Marshall]] (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ The Hive]". The Atlantic Monthly. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061223004004/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia Archived] from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. Wales and Sanger created the first Nupedia wiki on 10 January 2001. The initial purpose was to get the public to add entries that would then be "fed into the Nupedia process" of authorization. Most of Nupedia's expert volunteers, however, wanted nothing to do with this, so Sanger decided to launch a separate site called "Wikipedia". Neither Sanger nor Wales looked on Wikipedia as anything more than a lark. This is evident in Sanger's flip announcement of Wikipedia to the Nupedia discussion list. "Humor me", he wrote. "Go there and add a little article. It will take all of five or ten minutes". And, to Sanger's surprise, go they did. Within a few days, Wikipedia outstripped Nupedia in terms of quantity, if not quality, and a small community developed. In late January, Sanger created a Wikipedia discussion list (Wikipedia-L) to facilitate discussion of the project.</ref><ref name=":3">Sidener, Jonathan (December 6, 2004). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090221005820/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html Everyone's Encyclopedia]". ''[[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]''. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html the original] on February 21, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref><ref name=":4">Sanger, Larry (April 18, 2005). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part] I". Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 the original] on July 22, 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95 "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II".] [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]]. April 19, 2005. Archived from [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95 the original] on November 8, 2006. My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.</ref>Nupedia e ne ya tlhongwa mo tirisong ya baithaopi ba ba tshwanelegang le thulaganyo ya go [[:en:Peer_review|sekaseka balekane]] e e nang le dikgato di le dintsi.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Business Horizons, Volume 57 Issue 5, pp. 617–626</ref> Le fa e ne e na le lenaane la barulaganyi ba ba kgatlhegang ba ba fetang dikete tse pedi, le go nna teng ga ga Sanger jaaka morulaganyi-mogolo wa nako e e tletseng,<ref>"[[m:My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger Archived] from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023. I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.</ref> go tlhagisiwa ga diteng tsa Nupedia go ne go le bonya thata, ka dipego di le lesome le bobedi fela tse di kwadilweng mo ngwageng wa ntlha.<ref name=":4" /> Ba-Nupedia ba ne ba tlotla ka ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tlhama diteng ka bonako.<ref name=":3" /> Di-wiki di ne di dirisitswe gongwe mo boranyaneng go rulaganya kitso,<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html "From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition]". ''Chicago Tribune''. January 12, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> mme kgopolo ya tlaleletso e e theilweng mo di-[[:en:Wiki|wiki]] mo Nupedia e ne ya tlholwa ke motlotlo magareng ga Sanger le Ben Kovitz,<ref name=":5">"[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Ben Kovitz]". [[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070404030625/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz Archived] from the original on April 4, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – see also Ben Kovitz' fuller account which he links from there.</ref><ref name=":6">Moody, Glyn (July 13, 2006). [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia "This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts"]. The Guardian. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070222023201/http://technology.guardian.co.uk/weekly/story/0,,1818630,00.html Archived] from the original on February 22, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – While casting around for a way to speed up article production, Sanger met with Kovitz, an old friend, in January 2001. Kovitz introduced Sanger to the idea of the wiki, invented in 1995 by Ward Cunningham: web pages that anyone could write and edit. "My first reaction was that this really could be what would solve the problem," Sanger explains, "because the software was already written, and this community of people on WikiWikiWeb" – the first wiki – "had created something like 14,000 pages". Nupedia, by contrast, had produced barely two dozen articles. Sanger took up the idea immediately: "I wrote up a proposal and sent it [to Wales] that evening, and the wiki was then set up for me to work on." But this was not Wikipedia as we know it. "Originally it was the Nupedia Wiki – our idea was to use it as an article incubator for Nupedia. Articles could begin life on this wiki, be developed collaboratively and, when they got to a certain stage of development, be put into the Nupedia system."</ref><ref name=":7">Sidener, Jonathan (September 23, 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017041126/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html "Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy]". [[:en:The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune|The San Diego Union-Tribune]]. Archived from [http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html the original] on October 17, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007. The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.</ref> le ke o mongwe magareng ga Wales le Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name=":5" /> Kovitz e ne e le motlhami wa diporokeramo tsa khomphiutha mme a nna mo wiki ya ga [[:en:Ward_Cunningham|Ward Cunningham]] e e fetolang wiki go nna "[[:en:WikiWikiWeb|WikiWikiWeb]]". O ne a tlhalosetsa Sanger gore di-wiki ke eng, fa ba ne ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 The Hive"]. [[:en:The_Atlantic_Monthly|The Atlantic Monthly]]. p. 3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 Archived] from the original on November 10, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007. – "Over tacos that night, Sanger explained his concerns about Nupedia's lack of progress, the root cause of which was its serial editorial system. As Nupedia was then structured, no stage of the editorial process could proceed before the previous stage was completed. Kovitz brought up the wiki and sketched out 'wiki magic,' the mysterious process by which communities with common interests work to improve wiki pages by incremental contributions. If it worked for the rambunctious hacker culture of programming, Kovitz said, it could work for any online collaborative project. The wiki could break the Nupedia bottleneck by permitting volunteers to work simultaneously all over the project. With Kovitz in tow, Sanger rushed back to his apartment and called Wales to share the idea. Over the next few days, he wrote a formal proposal for Wales and started a page on Cunningham's wiki called 'Wikipedia.'"</ref>Wales o ne a bolela ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2001 gore "Larry o ne a na le mogopolo wa go dirisa maranyane a sesupa ditlhaka sa Wiki" mo bathong ba ba neng ba boregile ka thulaganyo ya Nupedia,<ref>Wales, Jimmy (October 30, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20140620072830/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html LinkBacks]?". Wikimedia. Archived from [[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|the original]] (Email) on June 20, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref> mme moragonyana a bolela ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2005 gore Rosenfeld o ne a mo itsise kgopolo ya wiki.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness]". [[:en:Wired_News|Wired News]]. May 3, 2007. Archived from [https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium the original] on March 28, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2007. Wired.com states: "Wales offered the following on-the-record comment in an e-mail to NewAssignment.net editor [and NYU Professor] [[:en:Jay_Rosen|Jay Rosen]] ...' Larry Sanger was my employee working under my direct supervision during the entire process of launching Wikipedia. He was not the originator of the proposal to use a wiki for the encyclopedia project – that was Jeremy Rosenfeld'."</ref> Sanger o ne a akanya gore wiki e tla nna polatefomo e e siameng go e dirisa, mme a tshitshinya mo lenaaneng la go romela la Nupedia gore wiki e e theilweng mo UseModWiki (ka nako eo v. 0.90)e tlhomiwe jaaka lenaneo la "mojesi" ya Nupedia. Ka fa tlase ga setlhogo sa "A re direng wiki", o ne a kwala jaana:<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html Let's make a wiki]". Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Nnyaa, se ga se tshitshinyo e e sa tshwanelang. Ke kakanyo ya go tsenya karolo e nnye mo Nupedia. Jimmy Wales o akanya gore batho ba le bantsi ba ka nna ba fitlhela kgopolo eno e sa amogelesege, mme nna ga ke akanye jalo... Fa e le ka tiriso ya wiki ya Nupedia, eno ke thulaganyo ya BOFELO e e "bulegileng" le e e motlhofo ya go tlhama diteng. Re kile ra buisana gangwe le gape ka megopolo ya diporojeke tse di bonolo, tse di bulegileng thata, tse di ka emelang kgotsa tsa tlaleletsa Nupedia. Go lebega mo go nna gore diwiki di ka dirisiwa ka bonako thata, di tlhoka tlhokomelo e nnye fela, mme ka kakaretso ga di na kotsi e kgolo. Gape di ka nna motswedi o mogolo wa diteng. Ka jalo, ga go na mathata a magolo a a ka nnang teng, go ya ka kafa ke bonang ka teng. Wales e ne ya tlhoma e le nngwe mme ya e tsenya mo maranyaneng ka Laboraro wa kgwedi ya Ferikgong etlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001, ka fa tlase ga karolo ya nupedia.com.<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html Nupedia's wiki: try it out".] Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003.</ref> Se se ne sa sutela kwa wiki e ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga karolo ya wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgonge tlhola malatsia a le lesome le botlhano. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa, lenaneo la [[:en:GNUPedia|GNUPedia]] la [[:en:Free_Software_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Mananeo a disupa ditlhaka a Mahala]] (FSF) e ne ya tsena mo maranyaneng, e e neng e ka nna ya gaisana le [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]],<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603 Slashdot Comments | GNUPedia Project Starting]". Slashdot.org. January 17, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990 Archived] from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme mo dingwageng di le mmalwa FSF e ne ya rotloetsa batho "go etela le go tsenya letsogo mo [Wikipedia]" boemong jwa seo.<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ "The Free Encyclopedia Project]". GNU.org. 2012 [1999]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ Archived] from the original on December 21, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2012.</ref> === Go tlhongwa ga Wikipedia === ''Bona gape: [[:en:First_Wikipedia_edit|Tseleganyo ya ntlha ya Wikipedia]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia's_oldest_articles|Wikipedia:Ditlhogo tsa bogologolo tsa Wikipedia]], le [[:en:Wikipedia:First_100_pages|Wikipedia:Ditsebe tsa ntlha di le]]'' ''[[:en:Wikipedia:First_100_pages|lekgolo]]'' Go ne go na le go okaoka mo gare ga barulaganyi ka go bofa Nupedia gaufi thata le kelelo ya tiro ya mofuta wa wiki.<ref name=":4" /> Morago ga gore wiki ya Nupedia e thankgololwe ka fa tlase ga nupedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html "&#x5B;Nupedia-l&#x5D; Nupedia's wiki: try it out"]. April 25, 2003. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html the original] on April 25, 2003. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> Wales e ne ya akantshanya go simolola lenaneo le le ntšhwa ka fa tlase ga leina la yone, mme Sanger o ne a akantshanya ''Wikipedia'', a e tlhama jaaka "lenaneo la tlaleletso ya Nupedia e e dirang e e ikemetseng ka nosi gotlhelele."<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 11, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html <nowiki>Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki</nowiki>]..." Nupedia mailing list. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Wiki e ntšhwa e ne ya simololwa kwa wikipedia.com ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001. [[:en:Bandwidth_(computing)|Bophara jwa bogolo jwa kgokaganyo ya maranyane]] le [[:en:Server_(computing)|tsamaiso e e bolokang tshedimosetso]] (e e kwa San Diego) tse di dirisitsweng mo mananeong ao a ntlha di ne tsa neelwa ke Bomis. Badiri ba le bantsi ba pele ba Bomis moragonyana ba ne ba ntsha diteng tsa ensaetlopedia: segolobogolo [[:en:Tim_Shell|Tim Shell]], motlhami-mmogo le moragonyana Mokhuduthamaga wa Bomis, le motlhami wa dithulaganyo Jason Richey. [[Setshwantsho:Jimmy Wales' Mac and the First Wikipedia Edit — "Hello World" (51738433963).jpg|thumb|iMac ya ga Jimmy Wales e ne e dirisiwa go dira tseleganyo ya ntlha mo Wikipedia]] Wales o boletse ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2008 gore o dirile tseleganyo ya ntlha ya Wikipedia, tseleganyo ya teko e e nang le mokwalo o o reng "[[:en:"Hello,_World!"_program|Dumela, Lefatshe]]!", mme se e ka tswa e ne e le mo mofuteng wa bogologolo wa Wikipedia o ka bonako morago ga moo o neng wa phimolwa mme wa emisediwa ka go simolola gape.<ref>Message by Jimmy Wales {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412003535/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&diff=prev&oldid=258632986|date=12 April 2016}} Wednesday 17 December 2008. Retrieved Saturday 30 January 2010.</ref><ref>Starling, Tim (January 14, 2011). "[[mailarchive:wikien-l/2011-January/108198.html|Hello world]]?". ''WikiEN-l'' (Mailing list). Retrieved June 4, 2022.</ref>Tseleganyo ya ntlha e e neng ya boela mo Wikipedia.com e ne e le ya Tsebe ya Gae ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, e e neng e balega jaana "E ke Wikipedia e ntšhwa!"; e ka bonwa [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/908493298|fa]].<ref>Wikipedia's earliest edits were once believed lost, as early [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] software deleted data after a month. But on 14 December 2010, [[:en:Tim_Starling|Tim Starling]] found backups on [[:en:SourceForge|SourceForge]] containing every change made to Wikipedia from its creation in January 2001 to 17 August 2001. As of 2019, these were imported into Wikipedia's edit history. Before that, the first edits that had been known were to [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/291430|Wikipedia:UuU]], [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/286342|TransporT]], and [[:en:Special:PermanentLink/11992008|User:ScottMoonen]] on 16 January 2001.</ref> Go nna teng ga lenaneo go ne ga itsisiwe semmuso mme boikuelo jwa gore baithaopi ba nne le seabe mo go tlhameng diteng bo ne jwa dirwa kwa lenaaneng la go romela ka poso la Nupedia ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html <nowiki>"[Nupedia-l] Wikipedia is up!</nowiki>]". March 31, 2003. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html the original] on March 31, 2003. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Lenaneo le ne la amogela batsayakarolo ba le bantsi ba bašwa morago ga go umakiwa mo lefelong ya maranyane le le naleng tshedimosetso ya [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Britannica and Free Content]". Slashdot. July 26, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Archived] from the original on January 14, 2009.</ref> e setse e umakilwe gabedi ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwo ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99 "Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer]". Slashdot. March 5, 2001.</ref><ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95 "Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes]". Slashdot. March 29, 2001.</ref> Morago ga moo e ne ya amogela tshupo e e tlhageletseng ya kgang mo lefelong ya maranyane le le naleng tshedimosetso le setso e e rulagantsweng ke baagi ya Kuro5hin, e e rulaganngwang ke setšhaba, e e buang ka maranyane le setso, ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 "Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias]". Kuro5hin. July 25, 2001. Archived from [http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 the original] on November 7, 2001.</ref> Fa gare ga go tsena moo ga batho ba le bantsi, go ne go ntse go na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba tla go tswa kwa metsweding e mengwe, segolobogolo Google, e e neng e romela makgolokgolo a baeng ba basha mo lefelong e e le nosi letsatsi le letsatsi. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Kgaso ya yone]] [[:en:Mainstream_media|ya bobegakgang]] ya ntlha e kgolo e ne e le mo [[:en:The_New_York_Times|''The New York Times'']] ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>Meyers, Peter (September 20, 2001). [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html "Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You]". The New York Times. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090415232001/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html Archived] from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> === Dikgaogano le go dira gore dilo di nne tsa boditšhabatšhaba === Kwa tshimologong ya tlhabololo ya Wikipedia, e ne ya simolola go atologa kwa mafatsheng a mangwe, ka go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Namespace|mafelo a masha a maina]], lengwe le lengwe le na le setlhopa se se farologaneng sa [[:en:Username|maina a badirisi]]. [[:en:Subdomain|Karolopotlana]] ya ntlha e e tlhametsweng Wikipedia e e seng ya Seesemane e ne e le [[:en:German_Wikipedia|deutsche.wikipedia.com]] (e e tlhamilweng ka Labotlhano kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa 2001, mo nakong ya oura e le nngwe le metsotso e le masome a mararo le borobedi kwa morago ga nako ya UTC),<ref>"[[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|Alternative language Wikipedias]]". Lists. Wikimedia. March 15, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html Archived] from the original on June 20, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> mme morago ga dioura di le mmalwa ya latelwa ke [[:en:Catalan_Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]] (ka oura ya lesome le boraro le metsotso e le supa mo nakong ya UTC).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage "History of the Catalan Homepage]". Wikipedia. Archived from [https://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage the original] on April 13, 2001. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> [[:en:Japanese_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sejapane]], e e simolotseng e le nihongo.wikipedia.com, e ne ya tlhamiwa mo pakeng eo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 "Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage]". April 20, 2001. Archived from [https://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 the original] on April 20, 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/ Wikipedia: HomePage]". March 31, 2001. Archived from [https://www.wikipedia.com/ the original] on March 31, 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref>mme kwa tshimologong e ne e dirisa fela [[:en:Romanization_of_Japanese|Sejapane se se fetotsweng sa Seroma]]. Mo dikgweding di ka nna pedi Se-Catalan e ne e le sone se se nang le dipego tse dintsi ka puo e e seng ya Seesemane,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)|Multilingual monthly statistics]]</ref><ref>[https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1 "First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia]" (in Catalan). Wikipedia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac Archived] from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> le fa dipalopalo tsa nako eo ya ntlha di sa nepagala.<ref>This [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)&oldid=192353617 table] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221921/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AMultilingual_monthly_statistics_%282001%29&oldid=192353617 Archived] 22 February 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], for instance, misses Japanese and German articles such as [https://web.archive.org/web/20010421123743/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nihongo_no_funimekusu this one] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20010411030440/http://deutsche.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nupedia_Deutsch-L_Sektion this one], both dated 6 April 2001.</ref> Wikipedia ya Sefora e tlhamilwe ka kgotsa mo e ka nnang ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome lebongwe ka ngwaga wa 2001,<ref>The [https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Documentation on the French Wikipedia] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210608194149/https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Archived] 8 June 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] mentions the date of 23 March 2001, but this date is not supported by Wikipedia snapshots on the [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nor by Jason Richey's letter, which was dated 11 May 2001 (see below).</ref> ka lekhubu la diphetolelo tse dišwa tsa puo tse gape di neng di akaretsa [[:en:Chinese_Wikipedia|Setšhaena]], [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Sedatšhe]], [[:en:Esperanto_Wikipedia|Seeseperanto]], [[:en:Hebrew_Wikipedia|Sehebera]], [[:en:Italian_Wikipedia|Sentadiana]], [[:en:Portuguese_Wikipedia|Sepotokisi]], [[:en:Russian_Wikipedia|Serussia]], [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Sepanishe]], le [[:en:Swedish_Wikipedia|Sesweden]].<ref>[[mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html|Letter of Jason Richey to wikipedia-l mailing list]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620081721/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html Archived] 20 June 2014 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] 11 May 2001</ref> Go ise go ye kae dipuo tseno di ne tsa kopanngwa ke [[:en:Arabic_Wikipedia|Searabia]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage "Homepage from the Internet Archive"]. Wikipedia. Archived from [https://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage the original] on November 18, 2001. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> le [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Sehungary]].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Announcements]] May 2001</ref><ref>"[https://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history International Wikipedia]". Wikipedia. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 2001, kitsiso e ne ya solofetsa go ineela mo tlamelong ya dipuo tse dintsi ya Wikipedia,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Announcements_2001#September_2001|Wikipedia:Announcements 2001]]</ref> e itsise badirisi ka go phatlaldiwa gmo go tlang ga Wikipedias ya dipuo tsotlhe tse dikgolo, go tlhongwa ga maemo a konokono, le go kgaratlhela thanolo ya ditsebe tsa konokono tsa wiki tsa ditsebe tse dišwa tsa wiki. Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga oo, fa dipalopalo tsa boditšhabatšhaba di ne di simolola go kwalwa la ntlha, go ne ga itsisiwe diphetolelo tsa [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Seaforikanse]], [[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Senorway]] le [[:en:Serbian_Wikipedia|Seserbia]].<ref>"[https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics International Wikipedias statistics]". [https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics Wikipedia]. Archived from the original on March 5, 2003. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2002, karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia di ne di le ka Seesemane. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2004, batho ba ba kwa tlase ga karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong e ne e le Baesemane, mme go dira gore batho ba nne ba boditšhabatšhaba gono go tsweletse go oketsega fa ensaetlopedia e e ntse e gola. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2014, mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a borobabobedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia di ne di le mo mefuteng ya Wikipedia e e seng ya Seesemane.<ref>"[[m:List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)]]". Wikimedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total Archived] from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2014.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2023, Di-Wikipedia tsa Seesemane le tsa Seesemane se se motlhofo di na le dipego di le didikadike di le di le supa fa gare ga tsone, mme mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dipego di ne di le mo di-Wikipedia tse e seng tsa Seesemane.<ref name=":12">[[m:List_of_Wikipedias|"List of Wikipedias – Meta]]". meta.wikimedia.org. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</ref> === Tlhabololo ya Wikipedia === [[Setshwantsho:Old Wikipedia.png|thumb|Tsebekgolo ya Wikipedia (Kgwedi ya Lwetse a tlhola malatsi e le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2002)]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2002, morago ga go gogelwa morago ga matlole ke Bomis ka nako ya go [[:en:Dot-com_bubble|phutlhama ga dot-com]], Sanger o ne a tlogela Nupedia le Wikipedia ka bobedi.<ref>Schiff, Stacy (July 31, 2006). "[https://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact Know It All]". [[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20081122125817/http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact Archived] from the original on November 22, 2008. Retrieved April 25, 2009.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2002, ene le Wales ba ne ba sa tshwane ka dikgopolo tsa bone tsa gore ba ka laola jang diensaetlopedia tse di bulegileng sentle. Bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba sa ntse ba tshegetsa kgopolo ya tirisanommogo e e bulegileng, mme ba ne ba sa dumalane ka gore ba ka tshwara jang barulaganyi ba ba kgoreletsang, dikarolo tse di rileng tsa baitseanape, le tsela e e molemolemo ya go kaela porojeke gore e atlege. Wales o ne a tswelela go tlhoma go ipusa le go ikaela [[:en:Business_development|go tswa kwa tlase go ya kwa godimo]] ke barulaganyi mo Wikipedia. O ne a tlhalosa sentle gore ga a kitla a nna le seabe mo tsamaisong ya letsatsi le letsatsi ya morafe, mme o tlaa o rotloetsa go ithuta go itaola le go ipatlela mekgwa e e gaisang. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2007, Wales e ne ya lekanyetsa seabe sa gagwe thata go ntsha ditshwaelo tsa nako le nako mo dikgannyeng tse di masisi, tiro ya bokhuduthamaga, go buelela kitso, le go rotloetsa diporojeke tse di tshwanang tsa ditshupiso. Sanger o rile ke "moakaretsi" mme o bulegile mo e ka nnang sengwe le sengwe,<ref>Anderson, Nate (February 25, 2007). [https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3 "Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia"]. Ars Technica. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3 Archived] from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2011.</ref> mme a tshitshinya gore baitseanape ba santse ba na le lefelo mo lefatsheng la [[:en:Web_2.0|Web 2.0.]] Ka ngwaga wa 2006 o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e bulegileng e e neng e dirisa maina a mmatota a batsayakarolo go fokotsa go tseleganya go go kgoreletsang, mme a solofela go tlhofofatsa "kaelo e e bonolo ya baitseanape" go oketsa go nepagala ga diteng tsa yone. Ditshwetso ka ga diteng tsa pego di ne di tshwanetse go nna mo diatleng tsa baagi, mme lefelo le ne le tshwanetse go akaretsa polelo ka ga "diteng tse di siametseng lelapa".<ref>[http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy "Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium]". en.citizendium.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy Archived] from the original on November 20, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>Anderson, Nate (February 25, 2007). [https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars "Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia"]. Ars Technica. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars Archived] from the original on March 24, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007.</ref> === Diteng tsa nako e e fetileng tsa Wikipedia === Dipego tsa bogologolo, le tse di sa tlholeng di dirisiwa, tsa ensaetlopedia di botlhokwa thata mo dipatlisisong tsa ditso .<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/ Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic]". [[:en:The_Atlantic|The Atlantic]]. January 26, 2021. Archived from [https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/ the original] on January 26, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</ref> Mo pegong nngwe le nngwe ya Wikipedia, mefuta e e fetileng e ka fitlhelelwa ka kgokagano ya "Leba ditso" e e kwa godimo ga tsebe. Ditso tse di feletseng tsa dipego tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia le tsone di ka laisololwa jaaka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|dithotobolo tsa tshedimosetso]], ka sebopego sa difaele tsa [[:en:XML|XML]] tse di gateletsweng.<ref>Koehrsen, Will (October 26, 2018). [https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c "Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia"]. ''Towards Data Science''. Retrieved February 4, 2025.</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, Polokelo ya Faele ya ZIM,<ref name=":8">[[iarchive:zimarchive|"ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming]]". Internet Archive. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</ref> kwa [[:en:Internet_Archive|Polokelong ya Maranyane]], e na le dinepe tse di feletseng tsa nako e e fetileng tsa Wikipedia mmogo le ditlhopho tsa dipego, ka dipuo tse dintsi, go tswa mo dingwageng tse di farologaneng. Di ka bulwa ka mananeo a maranyane a [[:en:Kiwix|Kiwix]]. Magareng ga dingwaga tsa 2007 le 2011, go ne ga gololwa [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|mefuta e meraro ya]] [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|polokelo ya CD/DVD]] (e e bidiwang Mofuta wa Wikipedia 0.5, 0.7 le 0.8) e e nang le tlhopho ya dipego go tswa mo [[:en:English_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Seesemane]]. Di ne tsa nna teng jaaka difaele tsa Kiwix ZIM, go tswa mo Polokelong ya Difaele tsa ZIM<ref name=":8" /> le go tswa mo lefelong la go laisolola ya Kiwix.[70] === Phetogo ya letshwao === [[Setshwantsho:Old wikipedia logo.png|left|thumb|Go tlhongwa – kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2001 (teko)]] <gallery mode="packed"> Setshwantsho:Wiki logo The Cunctator.png|Bofelo jwa ngwaga wa 2001 go ya kwa kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2003 Setshwantsho:Wikipedia-logo-v3-en.png|Kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2003 go ya kwa kgweding ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2010 Setshwantsho:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|Kgwedi wa Motsheganong a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2010 – ga jaana </gallery> == Molanako == ''Dipego tse di sobokanyang ngwaga le ngwaga di tshwarwa mo teng ga lefelo la maina a lenaneo la Wikipedia mme di golaganngwa le tse di fa tlase. Didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa patlisiso di teng mo teng ga dipalo le dipolokelo tsa Wikipedia, mme di kwadilwe kwa bokhutlong jwa pego eo.'' === Ngwagasome wa ntlha: Ngwaga wa 2000 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2009 === ==== Ngwaga wa 2000 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|thumb|Babereki ba Bomis magareng ga dingwaga tsa 2000]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2000, lenaneo la [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]] le ne la simololwa. Maikaelelo a yone e ne e le go gatisa dipego tse di kwadilweng ke baitseanape tse di neng di tla fiwa tetla jaaka [[:en:Free_content|diteng tsa mahala]]. Nupedia e tlhomilwe ke Wales, a nale Sanger e le morulaganyi-mogolo, mme e tshegeditswe ka matlole ke kompone ya papatso ya boranyane ya [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]].<ref>Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ The Hive]". [[:en:The_Atlantic|The Atlantic]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061223004004/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia Archived] from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved January 1, 2007.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2001 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2001, Wikipedia e ne ya simolola e le lenaneo le le kwa thoko ya Nupedia, go letla tirisanommogo mo dipegong pele ga go tsena mo thulaganyong ya tshekatsheko ya balekane.<ref>[[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] (January 10, 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html Let's make a wiki"]. Nupedia-l mailing list. Internet Archive. Archived from [http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Leina le le ne la ntshiwa e le kakanyo ke Sanger ka la bo kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le le lesome le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2001 jaaka [[:en:Portmanteau|kopano ya mafoko]] ''[[:en:Wiki|wiki]]'' ([[:en:Hawaiian_language|Sehawaiian]] a a kayang "bofefo") le ''ensaetlopedia''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html <nowiki>"[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki</nowiki>]..." nupedia.com. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html the original] on April 14, 2003.</ref> Maina a kgolagano ya karolo a ''wikipedia.com'' le ''wikipedia.org'' a ne a kwadisiwa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bobedi <ref>[[:en:Network_Solutions|Network Solutions]] (2007) [http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.com WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.com from Network Solutions] Archived 27 September 2007 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Retrieved 27 July 2007.</ref> le a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro,<ref>[[:en:Network_Solutions|Network Solutions]] (2007). [http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.org "WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.org from Network Solutions] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194913/http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.org Archived] 27 September 2007 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]". Retrieved 27 July 2007.</ref> ka go latelana, mme ''wikipedia.org'' e ne ya tsenngwa mo maranyaneng ka lone letsatsi leo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Wikipedia.org Site Info]". [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Archived] from the original on October 6, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2010.</ref> Lenaneo le ne la bulwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Letsatsi la Wikipedia"]]), ka di-Wikipedia tsa ntlha tsa boditšhabatšhaba – dikgatiso tsa Sejeremane, [[:en:Catalan_language|Se-Catalan]], Sefora, [[:en:Swedish_language|Se-Sweden]], le Se-italia– tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa fa gare ga dikgwedi tsa Mopitlo le Motsheganong. Melawana ya "ntlha ya pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore" ([[:en:Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view|NPOV]]) e ne ya tlhamiwa semmuso ka nako eno, mme lekhubu la ntlha la Wikipedia la [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter]] le ne la goroga ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le maosme a mabedi le borataro.<ref>"[http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Britannica and Free Content]". Slashdot. July 26, 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml Archived] from the original on January 14, 2009.</ref> Pegelo ya ntlha ya bobegakgang ka ga Wikipedia e ne ya tlhagelela ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga 2001 mo mokwalong wa dikgang ywa [[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|''Wales ka Sontaga'']].<ref>[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]] (26 August 2001) Knowledge at your fingertips. Game On: Internet Chat.(writing, "Both Encarta and Britannica are official publications with well-deserved reputations. But there are other options, such as homemade encyclopaedias. One is Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.com) which uses clever software to build an encyclopaedia from scratch. Wiki is software installed on a web server that allows anyone to edit any of the pages. On Wikipedia, anyone can write about any subject they know about. The idea is that over time, enough experts will offer their knowledge for free and build up the world's ultimate hand-built database of knowledge. The disadvantage is that it's still an ongoing project. So far about 8,000 articles have been written and the editors are aiming for 100,000.")</ref> [[:en:September_11_attacks|Ditlhaselo tsa kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe]] di ne tsa dira gore go tlhagelele dikgang tse di botlhokwa mo tsebeng ya gae, mmogo le mabokoso a tshedimosetso a a golaganyang dipego tse di amanang le tsone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011010233257/http://www.wikipedia.com/ October 2001 homepage screenshot] shows the "Breaking News" header up top, as well as 11 September 2001 block of articles under "Current events"; the [https://web.archive.org/web/20011010230439/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/September_11%2C_2001_Terrorist_Attack 9/11] page shows the activist nature of the page, as well as the large number of subtopics created to cover the event.</ref> Ka nako eo, go ne go setse go tlhamilwe dipego di ka nna lekgolo tse di amanang le 9/11 .<ref>Keegan, Brian (November 17, 2020). [https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html "How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today]". Slate. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html Archived] from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2021.</ref> Morago ga ditlhaselo tsa kgwedi ya Lwetse a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe, go ne ga tlhaga kgokagano ya setlhogo sa Wikipedia se se buang ka ditlhaselo tseno mo [[:en:Yahoo!|Yahoo!]] tsebe ya gae, mme seno sa felela ka gore go nne le koketsego ya pharakano.<ref>Pasternack, Alex (September 11, 2021). [https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page "How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page".] Fast Company. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page Archived] from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2021.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2002 ==== Ngwaga wa 2002 e ne ya bona go fokodiwa ga matlole a Wikipedia go tswa go [[:en:Bomis|Bomis]] le go tsamaya ga ga Sanger. Go ne ga nna le go [[:en:Fork_(software_development)|kgaogana]] ga [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sepanishe]], ka go tlhongwa ga [[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|''Encyclopedia Libre'']]. Jimmy Wales o netefaditse gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e tsamaisa papatso ya kgwebo. Maranyane a sesupaditshwantsho a ntlha a a rwalegang a [[:en:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] a ne a simolola go dira ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsia le masome a matlhano. Go ne ga tlhagisiwa diroboto. Lenaneo la ntlha la kgaitsadi ([[:en:Wiktionary|Wiktionary]]) le [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Bukana ya]] [[:en:Manual_of_Style|mokgwa]] ya ntlha ya semmuso di ne tsa thankgololwa. Batshwaedi ba ka nna makgolo a mabedi ba ne ba tseleganya Wikipedia letsatsi le letsatsi.<ref>Singer, Michael (January 16, 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20030316082912/http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641 "Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One]". [[:en:Mecklermedia|''Jupitermedia'']]. Archived from [http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641 the original] on March 16, 2003.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2003 ==== [[Setshwantsho:2003-08-31 English Wikipedia main page.svg|thumb|Tsebekgolo ya Wikipedia (kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2003)]] Wikipedia ya Seesemane e fetile dipego di le dikete tse lekgolo ka ngwaga wa 2003, fa kgatiso e e latelang e kgolo go gaisa, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane, e fetile di le dikete tse lesome. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] o ne wa tlhongwa. Wikipedia e amogetse letshwao la yone la lefatshe la jigsaw. Difomula tsa dipalo tse di dirisang [[:en:TeX|TeX]] di ne tsa tsenngwa gape mo lefelong la tshedimosetse. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Kopano ya ntlha ya loago ya Wikipedia]] e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa lefelong la [[:en:Munich|Munich]], kwa lefatsheng la Germany, ka Phalane. Melaometheo ya motheo ya tsamaiso ya [[:en:Wikipedia:ArbCom|Katlholo le komiti ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane]] ("ArbCom") e ne ya tlhamiwa. [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] e ne ya tlhamiwa jaaka lenaneo le le farologaneng ka kgwedi ya Ngwanaitseele a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa 2003, go amogela metswedi ya mahala ya mafoko jaaka maikaelelo a yone mo dipuong tse dintsi le dithanolo. ==== Ngwaga wa 2004 ==== Letamo la dipego tsa Wikipedia lefatshe ka bophara le ne la tswelela go gola ka bonako ka ngwaga wa 2004, la menagana gabedi ka bogolo mo dikgweding di le lesome le bobedi, go tswa mo dipegong tse di ka fa tlase ga dikete tse makgolo a matlhano kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2003 go ya ko go tse di fetang sedikadike se le sengwe ka dipuo tse di fetang lekgolo kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2004. Dipego tsa Seesemane fela tsa Wikipedia tse di ne tsa dira gore go nne le dipego tse di ka fa tlase ga dikete tse makgolo a matlhano. Dipolase tsa disefara tsa lefelo la tshedimosetso di ne tsa fudusiwa go tswa kwa California go ya kwa Florida. [[:en:Wikipedia:Categories|Ditlhopha]] le dipampiri tsa thulaganyo ya mokgwa wa [[:en:CSS|CSS]] di ne tsa tlhagisiwa. Maiteko a ntlha a go thibela Wikipedia a ne a diragala, ka lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la thibelwa kwa China dibeke di le pedi ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo. Ditlhopho tsa semmuso di ne tsa simolola tsa boto ya mokgatlho, le Komiti ya Katlholo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane. Kgaolo ya ntlha ya bosetšhaba ya Motheo, e leng [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]], e ne ya amogelwa. Kopano, ya ntlha ya loago kwa United States e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa [[:en:Boston|Boston]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Boston1|ka kgwedi ya Phukwi]]. [[:en:Wikimedia_Commons|Wikimedia Commons]] e tlhamilwe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola letsatsi le supa ka ngwaga wa 2004 go amogela difaele tsa media tsa Wikipedia ka dipuo tsotlhe. Bourgeois v. Peters,<ref name=":9">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf 387 F.3d 1303]" (PDF). Archived from [http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf the original] (PDF) on December 21, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2013.</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), tsheko ya kgotlatshekelo e e neng ya swetswa ke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo ya United States ya Potologo ya Bolesome le bongwe]] e ne e le nngwe ya dikgopolo tsa ntlha tsa kgotlatshekelo go nopola le go nopola Wikipedia.<ref>Peoples, Lee (January 2010). [http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt "The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions]". Yale Journal of Law and Technology. 12 (1). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150224051512/http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt Archived] from the original on February 24, 2015.</ref> E ne ya bolela jaana: "Gape re gana kgopolo ya gore maemo a kgakololo ya matshosetsi a Lephata la Tshireletso ya Naga ka tsela nngwe a siametse dipatlisiso tseno. Le fa maemo a matshosetsi a ne a 'tlhatlositswe' ka nako ya boipelaetso, 'go fitlha ga jaana, maemo a matshosetsi a ntse a le mo mmala o mosetlha (a tlhatlositswe) go ya go mmala wa lamune mo bontsing jwa nako e e fetileng. makgetlo a le mantsi.'"<ref name=":9" /> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, Wikipedia e ne ya fetola letlalo la yone la thulaganyetsoruri go tswa go [[mw:Skin:Standard|Tlwaelo]] go ya go [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], segokaganyi se se neng sa nna sa thulaganyo ya ruri mo mafelong a tshedimosetso a Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref>"[[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]]". MediaWiki. Retrieved April 30, 2026.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2005 ==== Ka ngwaga wa 2005, Wikipedia e ne ya nna lefelo la tshedimosetso le le ratiwang thata ya ditshupiso mo maranyaneng, go ya ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], ka Wikipedia ya Seesemane e le nosi e e fetang dipego di le dikete di le makgolo a supa le botlhano. Dikgoro tsa ntlha tsa Wikipedia tsa dipuo tse dintsi le tsa dirutwa di ne tsa tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 2005. Kokoanyo ya semmuso ya madi e e neng ya tshwarwa mo kotareng ya ntlha ya ngwaga e ne ya kokoanya mo e ka nnang di dolara tsa lefatshe la Amerika di le dikete tse lekgolo ya go tlhabolola tsamaiso go samagana le tlhokego e e golang. China e ne ya thibela Wikipedia gape ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa 2005. Matlhabisaditlhong a ntlha a magolo a Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|tiragalo ya ga Seigenthaler]], a diragetse ka ngwaga wa 2005 fa go ne go fitlhelwa gore motho yo o itsegeng thata o na le mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho jo bo sentsweng jo bo neng bo sa lemogiwe dikgwedi di le dintsi. Morago ga matshwenyego ano le a mangwe,<ref>[[:en:Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons|WP:BLP]] was started on 17 December 2005, with the narrative "I started this due to the Daniel Brandt situation". [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=31753956 Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210609020908/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=31753956 Archived] 9 June 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> go ne ga tlhongwa diphetogo tsa ntlha tsa melawana le tsa tsamaiso tse di neng di diretswe ka tlhamalalo go lwantsha mofuta ono wa kgokgontsho. Tse di ne di akaretsa ntšhwafatso e ntšhwa ya molawana wa tshiamelo ya [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] go thusa mo dipatlisisong tsa [[:en:Sockpuppet_(Internet)|dipopae tsa dikausu]], karolo e ntšhwa e e bidiwang tshireletso ye seng botlalo, molawan o o gagametseng thata wa dibuka tsa botshelo jwa batho ba ba tshelang, le go tshwaya dipego tse di ntseng jalo gore di sekasekwe ka tsela e e gagametseng. Thibelo ya go tlhama dipego tse dišwa go badirisi ba ba kwadisitsweng e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong fela ka kgwedi ya Sedimontholeka ngwaga wa 2005 mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane.<ref>Terdiman, Daniel. "[https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/ Growing pains for Wikipedia"]. CNET. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/ Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Wikimania ya ngwaga wa 2005, e leng bokopano jwa ntlha jwa [[:en:Wikimania|Wikimania]], e ne ya tshwarwa go tloga ka letsatsi la bone go fitlha ka letsatsi la borobabobedi ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2005 kwa ''Haus der Jugend'' kwa [[:en:Frankfurt|Frankfurt]], mme ya ngoka batho ba ka nna makgolo a le mararo le masome a borobabobedi ba ba neng ba le teng. ==== Ngwaga wa 2006 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Wikimania - the Wikimentary.webm|thumb|Wikimania – Tokomane ya Wikimania, filimi e e buang ka Wikimania ngwaga wa 2005, e e nang le [[:en:Jimmy_Wales|Jimmy Wales]] le [[:en:Ward_Cunningham|Ward Cunningham]]]] Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona pego ya yone ya bo ikadike, [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|seteišene sa terena sa Jordanhill]], ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo a tlhola letsatsi ,ka ngwaga wa 2006.<ref>Simon, Matt (March 1, 2012). [https://www.wired.com/2012/03/march-1-2006-english-wikipedias-millionth-entry-pulls-into-the-station/https://www.wired.com/2012/03/march-1-2006-english-wikipedias-millionth-entry-pulls-into-the-station/ "March 1, 2006: English Wikipedia's Millionth Entry Pulls Into the Station]". [[:en:Wired_(magazine)|Wired]]. Retrieved April 1, 2024.</ref><ref>Lemon, Sumner (March 2, 2006)[https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html . "Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia"]. [[:en:Computerworld|''Computerworld'']]. Retrieved April 1, 2024.</ref> Tlhopho ya ntlha ya pego ya Wikipedia e e amogetsweng e ne ya dirwa gore e kgone go laisololwa mahala, mme "Wikipedia" e ne ya kwadisiwa jaaka letshwaokgwebo la Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|Matlhabisa ditlhong a]] [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho ya bathusi ba phutego]]– ditiragalo tse dintsi tse mo go tsona badiri ba phutego le motsamaisi wa letsholo ba neng ba tshwarwa ba leka go fetola botshelo jwa motho ya Wikipedia ka ha sephiring – a ne a lemogiwa ke setšhaba, mme se sa dira gore motsamaisi wa letsholo a tlogele tiro. Le fa go ntse jalo, Wikipedia e ne ya tsewa e le nngwe ya matshwaokgwebo a matlhano a a kwa godimo a lefatshe ka bophara a ngwaga wa 2006.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352 "brandchannel.com | branding news]". March 21, 2007. Archived from [http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352 the original] on March 21, 2007. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Jimmy Wales o ne a supa kwa [[:en:Wikimania_2006|Wikimania]] [[:en:Wikimania_2006|wa ngwaga wa 2006]] gore Wikipedia e fitlheletse bogolo jo bo lekaneng mme a kopa gore go gatelelwa boleng, gongwe se se tlhagisitsweng sentle mo pitsong ya [[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|dipego di le dikete tse lekgolo tsa boleng jwa dikarolo]]. Go ne ga tlhamiwa tshiamelo e ntšhwa, "botlhokomedi", e e letlang mefuta e e rileng ya ditsebe tse di bolokilweng tse di nang le diteng tse di sa amogelesegeng go tshwaiwa jaaka tse di sa bonweng. Tshireletso e e seng kalo kgatlhanong le tshenyo e e sa itsiweng, e e neng ya tlhagisiwa ka ngwaga wa 2005, e ne ya itshupa e ratwa thata go feta ka fa go neng go solofetswe ka teng, ka ditsebe di feta dikete tse di neng tsa sirelediwa ka bontlhabongwe ka nako epe fela ka ngwaga wa 2006. ==== Ngwaga wa 2007 ==== Wikipedia e ne ya tswelela go gola ka bonako ka ngwaga wa 2007, e na le diakhaonto tsa barulaganyi tse di kwadisitsweng di feta didikadike di le tlhano ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro.<ref>See the special page: [[:en:Special:Statistics|Special:Statistics]]: 5,078,036 registered user accounts as of 13 August 2007, excluding anonymous editors who have not created accounts.</ref> Dikgatiso tsa dipuo di le makgolo a mabedi le botlhano tsa Wikipedia di ne di na le palogotlhe e e kopantsweng ya dipego di le didikadike di le supa ntlha tlhano e leng palogotlhe ya mafoko a le didikadike di le bongwe ntlha supa le bone, ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a tlhola a malatsi a le lesome le boraro .<ref>Source: [[:en:Wikipedia:Size_comparisons|Wikipedia:Size comparisons]] as of 13 August 2007</ref> Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona dipego ka selekanyo se se tlhomameng sa di le sekete se le sengwe le makgolo a supa ka letsatsi,<ref>From around Q3 2006 Wikipedia's growth rate has been approximately linear, source: [[:en:Wikipedia:Statistics|Wikipedia:Statistics]] – new article count by month 2006–2007.</ref> ka leina la kgolagano ya karolo la wikipedia.org le le mo maemong a bo lesome a a naleng ditiro tse dintsi mo lefatsheng. Wikipedia e ne ya tswelela go bonala [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|mo bobegakgannyeng]] – [[:en:Essjay_controversy|kganetsano ya ga Essjay]] e ne ya runya fa leloko le le tlhageletseng la Wikipedia le ne le fitlhelwa le buile maaka ka dintlha tsa gagwe tsa boitshupo. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], e leng ensaetlopedia e e gaisanang ya mo maranyaneng, e ne ya thankgololwa phatlalatsa. Tlwaelo e ntšhwa e ne ya tlhagelela mo Wikipedia, ka ensaetlopedia e e neng e bua le batho ba go itsege ga bone go neng go tswa mo go nneng motsayakarolo mo kgannyeng ya dikgang ka go oketsa kaelo go tswa mo leineng la bone go ya kwa kgannyeng e kgolo, go na le go tlhama pego e e tlhaolegileng ya mokwalo wa botshelo jwa motho.[<ref>e.g., cases such as [[:en:Crystal_Mangum|Crystal Mangum]] and Daniel Brandt.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2007, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona pego ya yone ya didikadike di le pedi, [[:en:El_Hormiguero|''El Hormiguero'']].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles"]. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. September 9, 2007. Archived from [[foundationsite:wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|the original]] on July 8, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2012.</ref> Go ne ga nna le kganetsano nngwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2007 fa [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Volapük]] e ne e tlola go tswa ko dipegong di le makgolo a supa, masome a borobabongwe le bosupa go ya go feta dikete tse lekgolo le bongwe le dikete tse pedi, ka bokhutshwane ya nna kgatiso ya bo lesome le botlhano e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya Wikipedia, ka ntlha ya go tlhamiwa ga ditlhogo tse di itirisang ke motlhoafaledi wa puo e e agilweng ya [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]<ref>"[http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252 Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie]". PC World (Polish) (in Polish). December 1, 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131106024950/http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252 Archived] from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</ref><ref>Yves Nevelsteen (September 15, 2007). [http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio "Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio"]. Libera Folio (in Esperanto). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio Archived] from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</ref>. Go ya ka [[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|''MIT Technology Review,'']] palo ya barulaganyi ba ba tlhagafetseng ka bontsi jwa dinako mo Wikipedia ya puo ya Seesemane e ne ya fitlha kwa setlhoeng ka ngwaga wa 2007 go feta dikete tse masome a matlhano le bongwe, mme fa e sa le ka nako eo e ntse e fokotsega.<ref>Simonite, Tom (October 22, 2013). "[https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ The Decline of Wikipedia]". [[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ Archived] from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2020.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang kangwaga wa 2007, go ne ga gatisiwa tokololo ya tlhopho ya pego ya Wikipedia ya Mofuta wa 0.5.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team]", Wikipedia, June 12, 2022, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707222542/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 archived] from the original on July 7, 2022, retrieved June 25, 2022</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2008 ==== [[:en:WikiProject|Mananeo a Wiki]] a a farologaneng mo mafelong a le mantsi a ne a tswelela go atolosa le go tokafatsa diteng tsa pego mo teng ga bogolo jwa tsone. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2008, go ne ga tlhamiwa pego ya Wikipedia ya didikadike di le lesome, mme kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya feta dipego di le didikadike di le dikete tse pedi le botlhano. ==== Ngwaga wa 2009 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka oura ya masome a mabedi le bobedi le metsotso e le lesome le botlhano mo nakong ya UTC, morago [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ga loso lwa ga Michael Jackson]], lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la phutlhama ka nakwana. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] o begile gore go ne ga nna le baeng ba ba ka nnang didikadike ba ba neng ba le kwa mokwalong wa botshelo jwa ga Jackson mo lobakeng lwa oura e le nngwe, gongwe e le baeng ba bantsi mo lobakeng lwa oura e le nngwe ba ba neng ba le kwa pegong epe fela mo ditsong tsa Wikipedia. Kwa bokhutlong jwa kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2009, palo ya dipego mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia e ne e fetile didikadike di le lesome le bone .<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)]". Wikimedia.org. Archived from [[stats:EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|the original]] on March 5, 2014.</ref> Setlhogo sa didikadike di le tharo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane, [[:en:Beate_Eriksen|Beate Eriksen]], se tlhamilwe ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka nako ya oura ya bone le metsotso e le metlhano, go ya ka Nako ya Lefatshelotlhe e e Rulagantsweng (UTC).<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-08-17/News_and_notes&oldid=309138115 Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2009-08-17/News and notes"], Wikipedia, August 20, 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20210609111443/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-08-17/News_and_notes&oldid=309138115 archived] from the original on June 9, 2021, retrieved March 16, 2023</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2009, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane e ne ya feta dipego di le sedikadike se le sengwe, mme ya nna kgatiso ya bobedi morago ga Wikipedia ya Seesemane go dira jalo. Setlhogo sa [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']] se ne sa kwala Wikipedia mo gare ga mafelo a tshedimosetso a a gaisang tsa ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1918031_1918016_1917948,00.html Wikipedia – 50 Best Websites 2009]" [https://web.archive.org/web/20111202174857/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1918031_1918016_1917948,00.html Archived] 2 December 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. TIME. 24 August 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2011.</ref> Diteng tsa Wikipedia di ne tsa fiwa tetla ka fa tlase ga tetla ya [[:en:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike|Creative Commons ya go Abelana]] ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>"[[m:Licensing_update/Timeline|Licensing update/Timeline – Meta".]] meta.wikimedia.org. October 30, 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline Archived] from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.</ref> === Ngwagasome wa bobedi: ngwaga wa 2010 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2019 === ==== Ngwaga wa 2010 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a masome a mabedi le bone, ditsamaiso tse di bolokang ditshedimosetso tsa Wikipedia tsa karolo kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe ya Europe di ne tsa tswa mo maranyaneng ka ntlha ya bothata jwa go gotela thata. [[:en:Failover|Go palelwa]] ke ditsamaiso tsa poloko ya tshedimosetso kwa Florida go ne ga itshupa go robegile, ga dira gore tharabololo ya [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] ya Wikipedia e palelwe go ralala lefatshe. Bothata bo ne jwa rarabololwa ka bonako, mme ka ntlha ya ditlamorago tsa go boloka DNS, mafelo mangwe a ne a le bonya go kgona go bona Wikipedia gape go feta a mangwe.<ref>Bergsma, Mark (March 24, 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100327123357/http://techblog.wikimedia.org/2010/03/global-outage-cooling-failure-and-dns/ "Global Outage (cooling failure and DNS)"]. Wikimedia Technical Blog. Archived from [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2010/03/global-outage-cooling-failure-and-dns/ the original] on March 27, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2010.</ref><ref>Perez, Juan Carlos (March 25, 2010). [https://www.pcworld.com/article/192410/wikipedia_suffers_global_collapse.html "Wikipedia Suffers Global Collapse"]. PC World. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100329132858/http://www.pcworld.com/article/192410/wikipedia_suffers_global_collapse.html Archived] from the original on March 29, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2010.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganonga tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro, lefelo la tshedimosetso le ne la golola sebopego se sesha sa yone. Dikarolo tse disha di ne di akaretsa letshwao le le ntšha, didirisiwa tse di ntšha tsa go tsamaya mo lefelong la tshedimosetso le, le sedirisiwa sa go thusa go tlhama dikgokagano<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch New features]". [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]]. Archived from [[:en:Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|the original]] on August 22, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2010.</ref>. Le fa go ntse jalo, sebopego sa bogologolo se ne sa tswelela se le teng gore se dirisiwe ke ba ba neng ba batla go tswelela ba se dirisa. Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bobedi, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya feta palo ya ditlhogo di le didikadike di le dikete tse tharo le botlhano fa setlhogo sa sedikadike sa ntlha sa Wikipedia ya Sefora se ne sa tlhamiwa ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bongwe. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro, go ne ga dirwa tokafatso ya sedikadike ya ntlha mo mananeong otlhe a Wikimedia. Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2010, go ne ga gatisiwa kgatiso ya Wikipedia Version 0.7, e e neng e na le tlhopho ya dipego.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team"], Wikipedia, June 12, 2022, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707222542/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team&oldid=1092780181 archived] from the original on July 7, 2022, retrieved June 25, 2022</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2011 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Nngwe ya [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|dikuku di le mmalwa]] tse di dirilweng go keteka ngwaga wa bo lesome wa Wikipedia ka ngwaga wa 2011<ref>[[tenwiki:Main_Page|"Wikipedia 10"]]. Ten.wikipedia.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Archived] from the original on December 31, 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2014.</ref>]] Wikipedia le badirisi ba yone ba ne ba tshwara meletlo e le mentsi lefatshe ka bophara go gopola [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ngwaga wa bo]] [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|lesome]] wa lefelo leo ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano.<ref>Wikipedia celebrates a decade of edit wars, controversy, and Internet dominance [http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/011111-wikipedia-decade.html?hpg1=bn networkworld.com] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120315204326/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/011111-wikipedia-decade.html?hpg1=bn Archived] 15 March 2012 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> Lefelo leo le ne la simolola maiteko a go atolosa kgolo ya lone kwa India, mme la tshwara bokopano jwa lone jwa ntlha jwa India kwa Mumbai ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ka ngwaga wa 2011.<ref>Vaidyanathan, Rajini (November 19, 2011). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308 "Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push"]. BBC News. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055525/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308 Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112 "Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India]". Reuters. January 12, 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110114211053/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112 Archived] from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2011.</ref> [[:en:English_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Seesemane]] e fetile letshwao la dipego di le didikadike di le dikete tse tharo le botlhano ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a mabedi, mme ya fitlha go dipego di le didikadike di le dikete tse tharo le borobabobedi ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele e tlhola malatsia le lesome le borobabobedi. Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele e tlhola malatsia le supa ka ngwaga wa 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sejeremane]] e ne ya feta diphetogo tsa ditsebe di le didikadike di le lekgolo, mme ya nna kgatiso ya bobedi ya puo go dira jalo morago ga kgatiso ya Seesemane, e e neng ya fitlhelela diphetogo tsa ditsebe di le didikadike di le makgolo a matlhano ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele e tlhola malatsi a le masome le bobedile bone ka ngwaga wa 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sedatšhe]] e ne ya feta dipego di le sedikadike se le sengwe go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesomele bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2011 e nna kgatiso ya bone go dira jalo. Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo a tlhola malatsi a le mararo ka ngwaga wa 2011, go ne ga gatisiwa kgololo ya tlhopho ya pego ya Wikipedia ya Mofuta wa 0.8.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_0.8&oldid=998970578 Wikipedia:Version 0.8"], Wikipedia, January 7, 2021, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220705013507/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Version_0.8&oldid=998970578 archived] from the original on July 5, 2022, retrieved June 25, 2022</ref> Setempe sa "Wikimania 2011 – Haifa, Iseraele" se ne sa ntshiwa ke Israel Post ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2011. Se e ne e le setempe sa ntlha se se neng se neetswe lenaneo le le amanang le Wikimedia. Magareng ga malatsi a mane le borataro a kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2011, [[:en:Italian_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Italy]] e ne ya nna e e sa fitlhelegeng ka bomo go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le molao o o tshitshintsweng wa [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Palamente ya Italy]] wa [[:en:DDL_intercettazioni|DDL intercettazioni]], o, fa o ka amogelwa, o neng o tla letla motho ope fela go pateletsa mafelo a tshedimosetso go ntsha tshedimosetso e e tsewang e le e e seng boammaaruri kgotsa e e kgopisang, kwantle ga go ntsha bosupi.<ref>[https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689 "Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law"]. PC Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689 Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Gape ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2011, Wikimedia e ne ya itsise go simololwa ga [[:en:Wikipedia_Zero|Wikipedia Zero]], e leng letsholo la go kgontsha phitlhelelo ya mahala ya megala ya mosokela tsebeng mo Wikipedia mo ditshebang tse di tlhabologang ka tirisanommogo le badirisi ba megala ya mosokela tsebeng.<ref>Kapoor, Amit (October 26, 2011). [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/ "Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access]". Wikimedia blog. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150717070411/http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/ Archived] from the original on July 17, 2015.</ref><ref>"[[mw:Wikipedia_Zero|Wikipedia Zero]]". MediaWiki. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero Archived] from the original on May 29, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2012.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2012 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Wikimedia Foundation Wikipedia Blackout SOPA January 18, 2012.theora.ogv|thumb|Babereki ba kwa [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlhong wa Wikimedia]] ka nako ya fa go ne go kgaoga emisiwa tirelo ya lefelo la tshedimosetso mo SOPA]] Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlholamalatsi a le lesome le borataro, motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia [[:en:Jimmy_Wales|Jimmy Wales]] o ne a itsise gore Wikipedia ya Seesemane e tla [[:en:2012_Wikipedia_blackout|tswallwa ruri]] dioura di le masome a mabedi le bone ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e le lesome le borobabobedi jaaka karolo ya boipelaetso jo bo neng bo ikaeletse go bitsa tlhokomelo ya setšhaba mo Molaong o o tshitshintsweng wa go [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Emisa Borukhutlhi jwa Inthanete]] le [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Molao wa PROTECT IP]] , e leng melao e mebedi e e [[:en:Copyright_infringement|kgatlhanong le borukhutlhi jwa dithoto tsa bakwadi]] jwa [[:en:United_States_Congress|puthego ya United States]] ka fa tlase ga ngangisano. Ba ne ba bitsa kemiso ya tirelo ye ya lefelo la tshedimosetso "tshwetso ya baagi", Wales le baganetsi ba bangwe ba melao ba ne ba dumela gore e tla tsenya puo e e gololesegileng le boitshimololedi jwa mo inthaneteng mo kotsing.<ref>Ortenzi, T. J. (January 17, 2012). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html "Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales"]. The Washington Post. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306052240/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Go emisa tirelo ga nakwana mo go tshwanang le mo go ne ga dirwa ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le lesome ke [[:en:Russian_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Russia,]] go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le molao o o tshitshintsweng wa taolo ya inthanete ya Russia.<ref>[https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest "Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest]". UKPA via Google. July 10, 2012.</ref> Mo bokhutlong jwa kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] e ne ya itsise ka [[:en:Wikidata|Wikidata]], e leng boalo jwa lefatshe lotlhe jwa go abelana tshedimosetso fa gare ga dikgatiso tsotlhe tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345 "Wikidata announcement on Facebook]". Wikimedia Deutschland. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345 Archived] from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2015.</ref><ref>Chalabi, Mona (April 26, 2013). "[https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?]". [https://web.archive.org/web/20211002152920/https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch Archived] from the original on October 2, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.</ref> Lenaneo la Wikidata la didolara di le didikadike di le sekete le bosupa tsa Amerika e ne e tlamelwa ke Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Gordon le Betty Moore]], le Setheo sa Allen sa Botlhale jwa Maitirelo<ref>Terdiman, Daniel. [https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/ "Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions"]. CNET. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/ Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland e ne ya tsaya maikarabelo a kgato ya ntlha ya Wikidata, mme kwa tshimologong e ne e rulagantse go dira gore boalo bo nne teng mo barulaganying ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2012. Kgato ya ntlha ya Wikidata e ne ya simolola go dira ka botlalo ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2013.<ref>Perez, Sarah (March 30, 2012). [https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/ "Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others]". TechCrunch. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120817042610/http://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/ Archived] from the original on August 17, 2012.</ref><ref name=":13">Pintscher, Lydia (February 13, 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/ "Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia]". Wikimedia Deutschland. Archived from [[the original]] on February 19, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2013.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Justin Anthony Knapp (cropped).jpg|thumb|Justin Knapp]] Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2012, [[:en:Justin_Knapp|Justin Knapp]] o ne a nna mokwadi wa ntlha a le mongwe go dira diphetogo tse di fetang sedikadike se le sengwe mo Wikipedia.<ref>Titcomb, James (April 20, 2012). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html "First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits".] The Daily Telegraph. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html Archived] from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref><ref>Skelton, Alissa (April 24, 2012). [https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor "Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits"]. Mashable. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor Archived] from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> Jimmy Wales o ne a akgola Knapp ka tiro ya gagwe mme a mo fa sekgele sa lefelo la tshedimosetso e le sa ''Barnstar'' ''e e'' ''Kgethegileng s'' le kabelo ya ''Golden Wiki'' ka ntlha ya phitlhelelo ya gagwe.<ref>"[https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/ Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits".] Engadget. April 20, 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits Archived] from the original on August 20, 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2012.</ref> Wales gape e ne ya bolela gore kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi e tla nna "Letsatsi la ga Justin Knapp".<ref>Skelton, Alissa (April 23, 2012). [http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/ "Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits"]. Mashable. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151119235227/http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/ Archived] from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2012.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2012, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya bona dipego tsa yone tsa didikadike di le nne, [[:en:Ezbet_El_Borg|Izbat al-Burj]].<ref>[http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/ "English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles]!". [[:en:Wikimedia_UK|Wikimedia UK]] Blog. Wikimedia UK. July 13, 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/ Archived] from the original on December 22, 2012. Retrieved July 13, 2012.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2012, raditso le morulaganyi wa Wikipedia [[:en:Richard_J._Jensen|Richard J. Jensen]] o ne a ntsha mogopolo wa gore Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne e "gaufi le go wediwa", a tlhokomela gore palo ya barulaganyi ba ba dirang ka dinako tsotlhe e ne e wetse tlase thata fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2007, le fa Wikipedia e ne e gola ka bonako mo palong ya dipego le mo babading.<ref>Rosen, Rebecca J. (October 25, 2012). [https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/ "Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense]". The Atlantic. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/ Archived] from the original on October 28, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2012.</ref> Go ya ka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Inthanete ya Alexa]], Wikipedia e ne e le lefelo la tshedimosetso la borataro le le tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go tloga ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ka ngwaga wa 2012.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org "Amazon Alexa]". alexa.com. Archived from [https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org the original] on August 25, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> [[:en:AllThingsD|Dow Jones]] e ne ya baya Wikipedia mo maemong a botlhano lefatshe ka bophara go tloga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2012.<ref>[http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year "The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/ Archived] from the original on December 6, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2013., by Liz Gannes; AllThingsD became a subsidiary of Dow Jones & Company Inc in 2005 and was absorbed into [[:en:The_Wall_Street_Journal|WSJ.com]] during 2013.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2013 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2013, [[:en:Italian_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya SeItaly]] e ne ya nna kgatiso ya botlhano ya puo ya Wikipedia go feta dipego di le sedikadike se le sengwe, fa Wikipedia ya [[:en:Russian_Wikipedia|Se-Russia]] le ya [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Sespanishe]] e ne ya oketsega ka dipego tsa tsone tsa sedikadike ka malatsi a le lesome le bongwe le lesome le borataro a kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka go latelana. Ka letsatsi la lesome le botlhano la kgwedi ya Phukwi di-Wikipedia tsa [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Se-Sweden]] le ka Lwetse a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bone tsa [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Se-Poland]] di ne tsa bona dipego tsa tsone tsa didikadike, mme tsa nna dikgatiso tsa borobabobedi le tsa borobongwe tsa Wikipedia go dira jalo. Ka letsatsi la masome a mabedi le bosaupa la kgwedi ya Ferikgong, [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|asteroid ya konokono ya lebanta]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] e ne ya bidiwa semmuso "Wikipedia" ke [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Komiti ya Maina a Mmele o Mennye]].<ref>Workman, Robert (February 5, 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html "Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'"]. [[:en:TechMediaNetwork,_Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]. Archived from [http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html the original] on February 6, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2013.</ref> Kgato ya ntlha ya polokelo ya tshedimosetso ya [[:en:Wikidata|Wikidata]], e e neng e tlamela ka dikgokagano tsa dipuo tse di farologaneng le tshedimosetso e nngwe ka go itirisa, e ne ya nna teng mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2013.<ref name=":13" /> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2013, [[:en:Direction_centrale_du_renseignement_intérieur|tirelo ya sephiri ya Fora]] e ne ya bonwa molato ka go leka go tlhotlhomisa Wikipedia ka go tshosetsa moithaopi wa Wikipedia ka go tshwarwa ntle le fa "tshedimosetso ya sephiri" ka ga [[:en:Pierre-sur-Haute_military_radio_station|seteišene sa radio sa sesole]] e ka phimolwa.<ref>Willsher, Kim (April 7, 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page "French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page"]. The Guardian. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130930145033/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page Archived] from the original on September 30, 2013. Retrieved April 9, 2013.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Wikimania 2013 - VisualEditor - The present and future of editing our wikis.webm|thumb|Pontsho ka ga [[:en:VisualEditor|Motseleganyi wa Ditshwantsho]] wa Wikipedia]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi, go ne ga simololwa thulaganyo ya go fetola ya [[:en:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]], e e neng ya bopa kgato ya ntlha ya maiteko a go letla gore dipego di fetotswe ka segokaganyi se se tshwanang le sa [[:en:Word_processor|setlhagisa mafoko]] go na le go dirisa [[:en:Wiki_markup|tshwao ya wiki]].<ref>Arthur, Charles (July 2, 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens "Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more"]. The Guardian. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131104201314/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens Archived] from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2013.</ref> Go ne ga simololwa gape le morulaganyi yo o diretsweng [[:en:Smartphone|megala ya letheka ya segompieno]] le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa megala ya mosokela tsebeng.<ref>Gonera, Juliusz (July 25, 2013). "[[diffblog:2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|Edit Wikipedia on the go]]". Diff. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/ Archived] from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2014 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Wikipedia Edit 2014.webm|left|thumb|Tshekatsheko ya sesupa ditshwantso sa diteng tsa Wikipedia ka ngwaga wa 2014, e rotloetsa babogedi go tseleganya Wikipedia]] Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2014, lenaneo la go dira kgatiso e e gatisitsweng ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane, e e nang le bogolo bo le sekete le ditsebe di feta didikadike di le dingwe le dikete di le lekgolo, e ne ya simololwa ke batsayakarolo ba Wikipedia ya Sejeremane.<ref name=":10" /> Lenaneo le ne le batla matlole ka [[:en:Indiegogo|Indiegogo]], mme e ne e ikaeletse go tlotla meneelo ya barulaganyi ba Wikipedia.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding "Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned"]. The Guardian. February 20, 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding Archived] from the original on March 11, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2014, sefikantswe sa ntlha sa Wikipedia se ne sa bulwa kwa toropong ya Poland ya Slubice.<ref>Day, Matthew (October 10, 2014). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html "Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia"]. The Daily Telegraph. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html Archived] from the original on October 11, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2014.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola letsatsi le le borobabobedi, lesome le botlhano ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, le kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Se-Waray]], [[:en:Vietnamese_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Se-Vietnam]] le [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Se-Cebuano]] nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e ne ya feta letshwao la pego e le sedikadike se le sengwe. E ne e le Wikipedia ya bolesome, ya bolesome le bongwe le ya bolesom le bobedi go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Le fa di ne di na le badirisi ba le mmalwa fela ba ba matlhagatlhaga, di-Wikipedia tsa puo ya Se-Waray le Se-Cebuano di ne di na le palo e e kwa godimo ya dipego tse di tlhamilweng ka go itirisa tse di tlhamilweng ke di roboto. ==== Ngwaga wa 2015 ==== [[Setshwantsho:Wikipedia 5 million articles milestone video November 2015.ogv|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di tshikinyegang tse di tshwayang phitlhelelo ya Wikipedia ya Setswana ya dipego di le didikadike di le tlhano ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele e le letsatsi ka ngwaga wa 2015]] Mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa 2015, Wikipedia e ne e le lefelo la tshedimosetso ya bosupa e e tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go ya [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Maranyane a Alexa]] ,<ref name=":14">[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org# "Wikipedia.org Site Info]". [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org Archived] from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017.</ref> e ne e le kwa tlase ka lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ka ngwaga wa 2012. Kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2015, Wikipedia e ne ya nna ensaetlopedia e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya kitsokakaretso mo inthaneteng, ka palogotlhe e e kopantsweng ya dipego tse di fetang didikadike di le masome a mararo le borataro tsa lefelo le legolo mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a borobabongwe le bongwe.<ref name=":12" /> Ka palogare, Wikipedia e amogela palogotlhe ya dipono tsa ditsebe tsa lefatshe lotlhe di le dibilione di le lesome go tswa mo baeting ba ba kgethegileng ba ka nna didikadike di le makgolo a mane le masome a borobabongwe le botlhano kgwedi le kgwedi,<ref name=":10" /><ref>[[stats:wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|"Wikimedia Statistics"]]. April 20, 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm Archived] from the original on October 20, 2011. Retrieved October 14, 2011.</ref> go akaretsa le baeng ba le didikadike di le masome a borobabobedi le botlhano go tswa kwa lefatsheng la United States fela,<ref name=":11" /> kwa e leng lefelo la borataro le le ratiwang thata.<ref name=":14" /> [[Setshwantsho:Print Wikipedia (no subtitles).webm|thumb|Motaki [[:en:Michael_Mandiberg|Michael Mandiberg]] o bua ka [[:en:Print_Wikipedia|Wikipedia e e Gatisitsweng]].]] [[:en:Print_Wikipedia|Gatisa Wikipedia]] e ne e le lenaneo la botaki le le dirilweng ke [[:en:Michael_Mandiberg|Michael Mandiberg]] le le neng la dira gore go nne le bokgoni jwa go gatisa bogolo jwa volume di le dikete tse supa ,makgolo a mane le masome a supa le boraro tsa Wikipedia jaaka e ne e le teng ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a supa ka ngwaga wa 2015. Bogolo jwa volume nngwe le nngwe e na le ditsebe di le makgolo a le supa mme ke di le lekgolo le lesome fela tse di gatisitsweng ke motaki.<ref>Schuessler, Jennifer (June 16, 2015). [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html "Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves"]. [[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161202120645/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html Archived] from the original on December 2, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2016.</ref> Ka letsatsi le le lengwe la kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ka ngwaga wa 2015, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e fitlheletse dipego di le didikadike tse tlhano ka go tlhamiwa ga pego ka ga [[:en:Persoonia_terminalis|''Persoonia terminalis'']], mofuta wa setlhatshana. Ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro, Wikipedia e ne ya amogela [[:en:Princess_of_Asturias_Awards|''Sekgele sa Kgosigatsana ya Asturias sa Tirisanommogo ya Boditšhabatšhaba.'']]<ref>"[https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación]". El País (in Spanish). June 17, 2015. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1134-6582 1134-6582]. Retrieved February 4, 2026.</ref><ref>Poyo, Ana (October 22, 2015). [https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909 "Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)"]. ''Vogue España'' (in European Spanish). Retrieved February 4, 2026.</ref> ==== Ngwaga wa 2016 ==== Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le le lesome le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2016, [[:en:Japanese_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sejapane]] e ne ya feta letshwao la dipego di le sedikadike se le sengwe, mme ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesometharo go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Setlhogo sa sedidikadike se ne se le sa Wave 224, e leng sekepe sa ka fa tlase ga metsi sa [[:en:World_War_II|Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi]] sa Sesole sa Lewatle sa Bogosi jwa Japane. Mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa 2016, Wikipedia e ne ya nna gape lefelo la tshedimosetso la borataro le le tumileng thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]],<ref>"[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org# Wikipedia.org Site Info]". [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org Archived] from the original on July 6, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2016.</ref> e tlhatlogile ka lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one mo ngwageng o o fetileng. ==== Ngwaga wa 2017 ==== Mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa 2017, Wikipedia e ne ya kwalwa jaaka lefelo la tshedimosetso ya botlhano e e ratiwang thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]],<ref>"[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org# Wikipedia.org Site Info]". [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org Archived] from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.</ref> e tlhatlogile lefelo le le lengwe go tswa mo maemong a e neng e le mo go one mo ngwageng o o fetileng. Wikipedia Zero e dirilwe gore e nne teng kwa Iraq le kwa Afganistan. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe 2017, [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|go fitlhelela Wikipedia mo maranayaneng go ne ga thibelwa mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo kwa Turkey]] ke balaodi ba Turkey. Go thibelwa mo go ne ga tswelela go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano,ka ngwaga wa 2020, ka gonne [[:en:Judicial_system_of_Turkey|kgotlatshekelo ya Turkey]] e ne ya atlhola gore thibelo e e tlola ditshwanelo tsa batho. [[:en:Japanese_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Sejapane]] e e tsenngwang mokgwa wa tshireletso kwa China fa e sale ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole a tlhola malatsia le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2017.<ref>[https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org "ja.wikipedia.org]". ''[[:en:GreatFire|GreatFire]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org Archived] from the original on January 20, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.</ref> Ka di 13 Moranang 2018, palo ya diathikele tsa Wikipedia ya Setšhaena e ne ya feta milione o le 1, mme ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesome le bone go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Wikipedia ya Setšhaena e thibetswe kwa Nagengkgolo ya China fa e sale ka Motsheganong 2015.[144] Moragonyana mo ngwageng, ka Seetebosigo 26, Wikipedia ya Sepotokisi e ne ya feta letshwao la diathikele di le milione o le mongwe, ya nna Wikipedia ya bolesome le botlhano go fitlhelela ntlha eo. Setlhogo sa bomilione e ne e le Perdão de Richard Nixon (Tshwarelo ya ga Richard Nixon). Ka 2018, Wikipedia e ne ya boloka lenaane la yone jaaka webosaete ya botlhano e e ratiwang thata mo lefatsheng go ya ka Inthanete ya Alexa.[145] Ntlha nngwe e e tlhomologileng e ne e le tiriso ya Botlhale jwa Maitirelo go tlhama diathikele tse di kwadilweng ka ditlhogo tse di neng di tlhokomologilwe.[146] Ka di 23 Moranang 2019, balaodi ba China ba ne ba atolosa Wikipedia go nna mefuta ya dipuo tsotlhe.[147][148] Nako ya go thibela e ne ya tsamaisana le ngwaga wa bo 30 wa ditshupetso le polao ya batho ba le bantsi kwa Tiananmen Square ka 1989 le ngwaga wa bo 100 wa Mokgatlho wa Motsheganong wa Bone, mme seno sa felela ka gore inthanete e tlhotlhomisiwe thata kwa China.[149] Ka Phatwe 2019, go ya ka Alexa.com, Wikipedia e ne ya wela tlase go tswa mo maemong a botlhano go ya kwa maemong a bosupa mo webosaeteng mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Ka one ngwaga oo, khopi ya Wikipedia e ne ya romelwa kwa Ngweding, e le karolo ya Laeborari ya Arch Lunar. Ka ntlha ya go palelwa, rokete e ne ya thula mo godimo ga Ngwedi, mme, ka ntlha ya tiriso ya di-disk tse di kgethegileng, tse di kgonang go emelana le nickel, go dumelwa gore khopi e ne ya falola go thula.[151] === Ngwagasome wa boraro: 2020–gompieno === Ka di 23 Ferikgong 2020, setlhogo sa dimilione di le thataro, e leng lokwalotshelo lwa ga Maria Elise Turner Lauder, se ne sa tsenngwa mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane. Le fa go ne go na le kgolo eno ya diathikele, go dirisana ga Wikipedia mo inthaneteng ya lefatshe lotlhe, jaaka go lekanngwa ke Alexa, go ne ga tswelela go fokotsega. Ka Tlhakole 2020, Wikipedia e ne ya wela mo webosaeteng ya bolesome le bongwe mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Bobedi go bega ga Wikipedia ga mathata a leroborobo la COVID-19 le diphetogo tse di tshegetsang, dipuisano, le e leng go phimolwa go ne go akanngwa gore ke motswedi o o mosola go borahisitori ba isago ba ba batlang go tlhaloganya paka eo ka botlalo.[152] Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Boitekanelo o dirisane mmogo le Wikipedia jaaka motswedi wa konokono wa go anamisa tshedimosetso e e amanang le COVID-19 jaaka go thusa go lwantsha go anama ga tshedimosetso e e fosagetseng.[153][154] Ka Ferikgong 2021, ngwaga wa bo 20 wa Wikipedia o ne wa lemogiwa mo metsweding ya dikgang. Ka di 13 Ferikgong 2021, Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya fitlhelela diphetogo di le dibilione di le nngwe, koo tseleganyo ya bobilione e neng ya dirwa ke Steven Pruitt.[159] MIT Press e gatisitse buka e e bulegileng ya ditlhamo Wikipedia @ 20: Dikgang tsa Phetogo e e sa Fediwang, e e rulagantsweng ke Joseph Reagle le Jackie Koerner ka ditshwaelo go tswa go ba-Wikipedia ba ba tlhageletseng, ba-Wikimedia, babatlisisi, babegadikgang, balaeborari le baitseanape ba bangwe ba ba akanyang ka ditiragalo tse di rileng le[60]. Ka Ngwanaitseele 2021, Wikipedia e ne e wetse mo webosaeteng ya bolesometharo mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go dirisa inthanete mo lefatsheng lotlhe.[150] Ka la 6 Sedimonthole 2022, Modiri wa Wikipedia Richard Knipel o ne a tlhama setlhogo sa setlhogo sa Botaki, se poeletso ya sone ya ntlha e neng e le terafote e e tlhagisitsweng ke ChatGPT e Knipel a neng a e dirile diphetogo tse dinnye go tsamaisana thata le maemo a Wikipedia. Knipel o boletse mo tsebeng ya puisano gore o dumela gore ke lekgetlo la ntlha mongwe a dirisa ChatGPT go tlhama athikele ya Wikipedia. Go romelwa ga athikele eno go ne ga kgalwa ke barulaganyi ba bangwe mme ga tsosa kganetsano mo setšhabeng sa Wikipedia, mme seno sa dira gore go nne le kganetsano e e tseneletseng ka gore a ChatGPT le dikai tse di tshwanang le yone di tshwanetse go dirisiwa mo go kwaleng diteng tsa Wikipedia le gore, fa go le jalo, di tshwanetse go dirisiwa go le kana kang.[161] Ka Ferikgong 2023, segokaganyi sa desekethopo sa Wikipedia se ne sa fetolwa lekgetlo la ntlha fa e sale ka 2010, go nna Vector 2022.[162] Segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo se sesha se ne sa nyatswa thata ke badirisi. Dikganetso tse dintsi di ne di tlhomile mogopolo mo thulaganyong ya bophara jo bo tlhomameng, e e neng ya dira gore go nne le sebaka se sesweu se se feteletseng mo dintlheng tsa dimonithara tse di bulegileng, mme seno sa dira gore go nne le motlotlo wa mafoko a le 90 000 wa gore a letlalo le lesha le tshwanetse go nna le le tlwaelegileng. Wikipedia ya Seswahili e ne ya boutela ka bongwefela jwa pelo go gana letlalo le lesha mme "ka bokhutshwane" ya batla gore go boelwe kwa letlalong la bogologolo. Go tshwaiwa phoso go gongwe go ne ga lebisiwa kwa Mokgatlhong wa Wikimedia ka go thapa setlhopha sa batlhami se se nang le maitemogelo a a lekanyeditsweng mo diwiki. Brandon Harris, yo e neng e le motlhami yo mogolo kwa Wikipedia go tloga ka 2010 go fitlha ka 2014, o ne a re: "Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia gantsi o thapa batlhami ba ba sa tlwaelanang le baagi, mme ba tsena mme ba leka go dira diphetogo tseno tsotlhe—ba taboga ka tlhogo pele go nna saga ya buzz—mme baagi ba gana ka tsela e e utlwalang]".[163] Morago ga therisano le kgaisano, letshwao la ntlha la modumo la Wikimedia (go akaretsa le Wikipedia) le ne la amogelwa.[164] Ka Ferikgong 13, 2024, khopi ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane, e e bolokilweng mo polokelong ya tshedimosetso ya 5D optical, e ne ya tsenngwa mo lefelong la patlisiso le le ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa Switzerland, le le nang le kgonagalo ya go bolokwa dingwaga di ka nna dibilione di le 14, ka ntlha ya thekenoloji ya polokelo e e dirisitsweng. Khopi e ka balega ka go dirisa maekerosekopo, kwantle ga go tlhoka go dirisa thekenoloji ya dijithale.[165] Ka di 22 Tlhakole 2024, khopi ya Wikipedia ya Seesemane e ne ya goroga ka katlego mo Ngweding, jaaka karolo ya porojeke ya Galactic Legacy Archive. Thomo e ne ya dirwa ke Metšhini ya Intuitive, fa rokete yone e ne ya thankgololwa ke SpaceX. Tshedimosetso eno e ne e bolokilwe jaaka e e dirisang dikarolo di le 16 tsa nikele, mme go fopholediwa gore e ka nna mo godimo ga Ngwedi dingwaga di ka nna dibilione di le 5. [166] [[Setshwantsho:Work-in-progress animation of the Wikipedia 25 birthday mascot scrolling on a phone.gif|thumb]] Ka Ferikgong 15, Wikipedia e ne ya keteka ngwaga wa yone wa bo 25.[167] Go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa ditokomane le "khaphule ya nako" jaaka karolo ya meletlo.[168] Go ne ga gololwa setshwantsho se se tlhamilweng ke modirisi BaduFerreira se se bidiwang Baby Globe. E ne ya tlhagelela fa mokgwa wa letsatsi la matsalo o ne o kgontshitswe mo Wikipedia. Go ne ga tlhamiwa seaparo sa Baby Globe se se ka kokoanngwang ka tirisanommogo le Makeship.[169] Baby Globe e ne ya tlosiwa mo saeteng ya Wikipedia ka Moranang 7.[170] Ka Mopitlwe 27, Wikipedia e ne ya thibela tiriso ya diteng tse di tlhamilweng ke di-LLM mo diathikeleng tsa yone, kwa ntle ga dithanolo le diphetogo tse dinnye tsa dikhopi.[171][172] Ka Motsheganong 11, Wikipedia e ne ya golola Kgwetlho ya go Bala ya Ngwaga wa bo 25 wa tiriswa ya iOS go tloga ka Motsheganong 11 go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 18, mme Baby Globe e ne ya tlhagisiwa gape.[173] == Hisetori go ya ka serutwa == === Serwethata le serweboleta === Athikele ya konokono: MediaWiki Sofotewere e e tsamaisang Wikipedia, le serweboleta sa khomphiutha, dipolase tsa disefara le ditsamaiso tse dingwe tse Wikipedia e ikaegileng ka tsone. * Ka Ferikgong 2001, Wikipedia e ne ya tsamaya mo UseModWiki, e e kwadilweng ka Perl ke Clifford Adams. Seva e sa ntse e sebetsa ho Linux, le ha mongolo wa mantlha o ne o bolokilwe difaeleng ho ena le polokelotshedimosetsong. Ditlhogo di ne tsa bidiwa ka kopano ya CamelCase. * Ka Ferikgong 2002, "Kgato II" ya sofotewere ya wiki e e nayang Wikipedia maatla e ne ya tlhagisiwa, e e neng ya emisetsa UseModWiki ya bogologolo. E kwaletswe porojeke eno ka tlhamalalo ke Magnus Manske, e ne e akaretsa enjene ya wiki ya PHP. * Ka Phukwi 2002, go kwalwa sešwa go gogolo ga sofotewere e e nayang Wikipedia maatla go ne ga simolola; e e bidiwang "Kgato III", e ne ya tsaya sebaka sa mofuta wa bogologolo wa "Kgato II", mme ya nna MediaWiki. E kwadilwe ke Lee Daniel Crocker go tsibogela ditlhokego tse di oketsegang tsa porojeke e e golang. * Ka Diphalane 2002, Derek Ramsey o ne a tlhama bot – thulaganyo e e itirisang e e bidiwang Rambot – go oketsa palo e ntsi ya diathikele tse di buang ka ditoropo tsa United States; diathikele tseno di ne tsa tlhagisiwa ka go itirisa go tswa mo tshedimosetsong ya palobatho ya U.S. Ka jalo o ne a oketsa palo ya diathikele tsa Wikipedia ka 33 832.[174] Se se biditswe "kgato e e tsosang kganetsano go gaisa mo hisitoring ya Wikipedia".[175] * Ka Ferikgong 2003, go ne ga okediwa ka tshegetso ya difomula tsa dipalo mo TeX. Khoutu e ne ya ntshiwa ke Tomasz Węgrzanowski. * Ka di 9 Seetebosigo 2003, segokaganyi sa ISBN sa Wikipedia se ne sa fetolwa go dira gore di-ISBN mo diathikeleng di golagane le Special:Metswedi ya Dibuka, e e tsayang diteng tsa yone go tswa mo tsebeng e e ka rulaganngwang ke modirisi ya Wikipedia:Metswedi ya dibuka. Pele ga se, dintlha tsa kgokagano ya ISBN di ne tsa tsenngwa khoutu mo sofotewereng mme go ne ga tshitshinngwa tse dišwa mo tsebeng ya Wikipedia:ISBN. Bona tseleganyo e e fetotseng seno. * Morago ga 6 Sedimonthole 2003, melaetsa e e farologaneng ya tsamaiso e e neng e bontshiwa badirisi ba Wikipedia e ne e sa tlhole e tsentswe dikhoutu tse di thata, mme seno se ne sa dira gore batsamaisi ba Wikipedia ba kgone go fetola dikarolo dingwe tsa segokaganyi sa MediaWiki, jaaka molaetsa o o neng o bontshiwa badirisi ba ba thibetsweng. * Ka di 12 Tlhakole 2004, ditiro tsa disefara di ne tsa fudusiwa go tswa kwa San Diego, kwa California go ya kwa Tampa, kwa Florida.[176] * Ka di 29 Motsheganong 2004, diwebosaete tsotlhe tse di farologaneng di ne tsa tlhabololwa go nna mofuta o mošwa wa serweboleta sa MediaWiki. * Ka la 30 Motsheganong 2004, go ne ga tlhagelela ditiragalo tsa ntlha tsa ditsenngwa tsa "go aroganngwa ka ditlhopha". Dikema tsa ditlhopha, jaaka Diphetogo tsa Bosheng le Tseleganya Tsebe Eno, di ne di ntse di le teng fa e sa le Wikipedia e tlhongwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, Sanger o ne a lebile dikema jaaka manaane, le diathikele tse di tsenngwang ka diatla, fa maiteko a go aroganya a ne a ikaegile ka ditsenngwa tsa go aroganya ka bongwe mo athikeleng nngwe le nngwe ya saetlopedia, jaaka karolo ya go aroganya ka ditlhopha go gogolo go go itirisang ga diathikele tsa saetlopedia.[177] * Morago ga 3 Seetebosigo 2004, batsamaisi ba ne ba ka tseleganya setaele sa segokaganyi ka go fetola CSS mo pampiring ya setaele sa buka e le nngwe mo MediaWiki:Monobook.css. * Gape ka 30 Motsheganong 2004, ka MediaWiki 1.3, go ne ga tlhamiwa lefelo la maina la Thempoleite, le le letlang go tsenngwa ga ditlhangwa tse di tlwaelegileng . * Ka di 7 Seetebosigo 2005 ka 3:00 a.m. ka Nako e e Tlwaelegileng ya Botlhaba, bontsi jwa disefara tsa Wikimedia di ne tsa fudusediwa kwa lefelong le lesha le le ka kwa ga mmila. Diporojeke tsotlhe tsa Wikimedia di ne di sa dire ka nako eno. * Ka Mopitlwe 2013, kgato ya ntlha ya polokelotshedimosetso ya Wikidata ya interwiki e ne ya nna teng mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia.[121] * Ka Phukwi 2013, go ne ga tlhongwa segokaganyi sa go tseleganya sa VisualEditor, se se neng se letla badirisi go tseleganya Wikipedia ba dirisa morulaganyi wa mafoko wa WYSIWYG (o o tshwanang le modirisiwa wa go rulaganya mafoko) go na le go tshwaya wiki.[132] Segokaganyi sa go tseleganya se se tokafaditsweng didiriswa tsa selulafouno le sone se ne sa gololwa ==== '''Ponalo le mokgwa wa tiriso''' ==== ''Ponalo ya kwa ntle ya Wikipedia, tsela e e lebegang ka yone, mokgwa o e dirang ka one, le letshwao la yone (branding), tsotlhe jaaka di bonwa ke badirisi''. Ka la 4 Moranang 2002, BrilliantProse, e moragonyana e neng ya bidiwa Featured Articles (Ditlhogo tse di Tlhophilweng), e ne ya fudusiwa go tswa mo lefelong la ditlhogo go ya mo lefelong la Wikipedia. Mo e ka nnang ka la 15 Diphalane 2003, go ne ga tsenngwa letshwao (logo) le lesha la Wikipedia. Kgopolo ya letshwao leo e ne ya tlhophiwa ka tshegetso ya ditlhopho, mme morago ga moo ga latela tshekatsheko ya go tlhopha mofuta o o gaisang. Letshwao la bofelo le ne la tlhamiwa ke David Friedland (yo o dirisang leina la “nohat” mo Wikipedia), le ikaegile ka mokgwa le kgopolo tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa ke Paul Stansifer. Ka la 22 Tlhakole 2004, karolo ya “Did You Know (DYK)” e ne ya tlhagelela la ntlha mo Tsebeng e Kgolo (Main Page). Ka la 23 Tlhakole 2004, ka nako ya 19:46 UTC, Tsebe e Kgolo e ne ya fiwa ponalo e ntšha e e neng e rulagantswe sentle. Ponalo eno e ne ya akaretsa ditlhogo tse di tlhophilweng tsotlhe ka seatla, tse di neng di akaretsa:Setlhogo se se Tlhophilweng sa Letsatsi (Daily Featured Article),Ditiragalo tsa Segopotso (Anniversaries),Mo Dikgang (In the News),le Did You Know (DYK). Ka '''la 10 Ferikgong 2005''', go ne ga tlhongwa '''porata ya dipuo tsotlhe''' mo atereseng ya '''www.wikipedia.org''', e e neng ya emisetsa go romela badirisi ka tlhamalalo kwa Wikipedia ya Seesimane. Ka la 5 Tlhakole 2005, Portal:Biology e ne ya tlhamiwa, mme ya nna porata ya ntlha ya setlhogo sengwe (thematic portal) mo Wikipedia ya Seesimane. Le fa go ntse jalo, kgopolo eno e ne e setse e simolotswe mo Wikipedia ya Sejeremane, kwa Portal:Recht (Dithuto tsa Molao) e neng ya tlhongwa ka Diphalane 2003. Ka la 16 Phukwi 2005, Wikipedia ya Seesimane e ne ya simolola mokgwa wa go tlhagisa setshwantsho se se tlhophilweng sa letsatsi mo Tsebeng e Kgolo. Ka la 19 Mopitlwe 2006, morago ga ditlhopho, Tsebe e Kgolo ya Wikipedia ya Seesimane e ne ya fetolwa sešwa la ntlha morago ga dingwaga di ka nna pedi. Ka la 13 Motsheganong 2010, wepsaete e ne ya golola sebopego se sesha (interface). Dikarolo tse disha di ne di akaretsa: * letshwao (logo) le le ntšhafaditsweng, * didirisiwa tse disha tsa go tsamaya mo wepsaeteng, * le sedirisiwa sa go thusa go tlhama dikgokagano (link wizard). === Diphetogo tsa thulaganyo ka 2023 === Vector 2022, e leng ntšhwafatso ya Vector 2010 ya letlalo la pele la Wikipedia, e ne ya itsisiwe ka Lwetse 2020, mme kwa tshimologong e ne e rulaganyeditswe go tlhagelela ka 2021, pele ga e ka dirisiwa ka Ferikgong 2023.[183] Ka Ferikgong 2023, Wikimedia e ne e dirile gore ntšhwafatso e nne teng mo dikgatisong tsa yone tsa puo di le 300; e ne e le tlwaelo ya diphetolelo tsa Searabia le Segerika.[184][163][185] Vector 2022 e na le segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo sa modirisi se se tlhabolotsweng se se dirang diphetogo tse dintsi mo thulaganyong ya dielemente tsa segokaganyi. Gareng ga tsone, menyu wa go tlhopha puo, o pele o neng o le kafa molemeng wa sekerini, jaanong o fitlhelwa mo sekhutlong se se kwa godimo sa moja sa pontsho ya setlhogo se se balwang gone jaanong.[185] Mo godimo ga moo, bara e e kafa thoko e a phuthega ka fa morago ga konopo ya hamburger. Vector 2022 gape e oketsa dintlha tsa pontsho ya athikele, e e nang le phelelo ya go lekanyetsa bophara jwa athikele;[185] go na le toggle e e ka fokotsang dintlha le go atolosa bophara jwa mola wa athikele go tlatsa sekerini.[186][163] Bogolo jwa thulaganyetsoruri jwa sekwalwa ga bo ise bo okediwe, le fa Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o boleletse Engadget gore o solofela go dira seno kgetho mo isagong.[184] Tiro ya patlo le yone e ne ya tlhabololwa mo Vector 2022, ka gonne dipholo tse di tshitshintsweng go araba dipotso tsa modirisi jaanong di akaretsa ditshwantsho le ditlhaloso tse dikhutshwane go tswa mo ditsebeng tse go buiwang ka tsone.[185][187] Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o ne wa bolela gore phetogo eno e ne e tlhotlhelediwa ke keletso ya go dira gore lefelo leno le nne la segompieno le go tokafatsa maitemogelo a go tsamaya le go tseleganya mo babading ba ba senang maitemogelo a inthanete, ka gonne letlalo la pele le ne le tsewa le le "le le sa siamang le le le fekeetsang."[183][184][186] Diteko tse di dirilweng ke motheo di ne tsa oketsa dipholo tsa mokgatlho ono. dipatlisiso, le phokotsego ya diperesente di le 15 ya go phetlha.[184][186] Diphetolelo tsa ntlha tsa Vector 2022 di ne tsa simolola go dirisiwa la ntlha ka 2020 mo mafelong a Wikipedia a puo ya Sefora, Sehebera le Sepotokisi,[183] ​​jaaka fa dikarolo tse disha tsa letlalo di ne di phasaladiwa mo badirising gore di lekwe ka iketlo pele ga le gololwa ka botlalo.[188] Letlalo le ne la simolola go dirisiwa jaaka letlalo la thulaganyetsoruri la babadi ba mafelo a Wikimedia ka dipuo di le 300 (mo go tse 318) ka Ferikgong 18 2023.[184][163][185] Morago ga go phasaladiwa ka bontsi ga Vector 2022, go santse go kgonega go bala Wikipedia o dirisa letlalo le le fetileng. Le fa go ntse jalo, go dira jalo go tlhoka gore babadi ba ikwadisetse akhaonto ya Wikipedia, mme morago ba sete ditlhopho tsa bone go bontsha Vector 2010 boemong jwa seo.[185] Ga go na diphetogo tse di dirilweng mo matlalong a Wikipedia a a leng teng jaaka Monobook le Timeless, tse le tsone di sa ntseng di le teng go ka dirisiwa.[163][189] Badirisi ba Wikipedia ba ne ba kgaogane ka diphetogo tseno. Kopo ya tshwaelo mo Wikipedia ya Seesemane e e botsang baagi gore a Vector 2022 e tshwanetse go dirisiwa kgotsa nnyaa jaaka letlalo la thulaganyetsoruri le kokoantse mafoko a a fetang 90,000 mo dikarabong.[163] Batshwayadiphoso ba go tlhamiwa sešwa ba ne ba ganetsa thata sebaka se sesweu se se tlogetsweng se le lolea mo letlalong le lešwa, fa badirisi ba bangwe ba ne ba nyatsa batshwayadiphoso ba re ba na le kganetso ya phetogo.[163] Barulaganyi ba le 165 ba ba neng ba tsaya karolo mo motlotlong ba ne ba sa amogele letlalo le lešwa, fa ba le 153 ba ne ba rata, mme ba le robongwe ba ne ba nna ba sa tseye letlhakore.[190][163][191] Le fa go ne go na le palo e kgolo ya barulaganyi ba ba neng ba tlhagisa gore ga ba batle gore Vector 2022 e dirisiwe ka sebopego sa yone sa ga jaana, ka tumalano mo Wikipedia e sa tsewe tshwetso ka boutu, motlotlo o ne wa tswalelwa go rata go tlhamiwa sešwa, go akanyediwa ditshwaelo tse di siameng tse di tlogetsweng ke badirisi ba bangwe.[13] Batlhami ba Vector 2022 ba dirile diphetogo dingwe mo letlalong go tsibogela ditshwaelo, tse di jaaka go tsenya toggle go kgontsha diteng tsa athikele go tlatsa bophara jotlhe jwa sekerini.[163][192] Badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Seswahili ba ne ba sa dumalane ka bongwefela jwa pelo le go tsenngwa tirisong ga letlalo le lešwa.[163] Babegadikgang ba ba neng ba tsibogela go phasaladiwa ga Vector 2022 ba ne ba tsaya ntšhwafatso le dikarolo tse disha tse di tlhagisitsweng e le ditlaleletso tse di mosola, mme ka kakaretso ba ne ba tlhalosa letlalo jaaka ntšhwafatso e nnye e e neng ya se ka ya fetola maitemogelo a bone a go bala mo Wikipedia.[187][163][186] Annie Rauwerda, motlhami wa diakhaonto tsa media wa loago tsa Boteng jwa Wikipedia, o kwadile mo Slate gore Vector 2022 e ne e sa "farologane thata" le letlalo le le fetileng. Rauwerda o ne a lemoga gape go tshwana fa gare ga tsibogo ya baagi ba Wikipedia kgatlhanong le moakanyetso le dikganetso tsa nako e e fetileng tsa diphetogo tse di tshwanang tsa pono mo mafelong a a tlwaelegileng a a jaaka Reddit.[163] Rauwerda, le Mike Pearl wa Mashable, ba ne ba akgela ka gore badirisi ba ba sa itumeleleng phetogo eno ba ka nna ba sekaseka mo motlotlong o o buang ka letlalo, kgotsa ba dirisa ditiriso tsa go itebaganya tse di ageletsweng mo saeteng eno go fetola maitemogelo a bone a go bala.[190][163] === Go kokoanya madi === [[Setshwantsho:WMF Support and Revenue, Expenses and Net Assets at Year End.jpg|thumb|Tlhabololo ya matlole ya Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia (ka US$), 2003–2023]] Ngwaga le ngwaga, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o tsamaisa matsholo a go kokoanya madi mo Wikipedia go tshegetsa ditiro tsa one. Tseno ka kakaretso di tsaya mo e ka nnang kgwedi mme di diragala ka dinako tse di farologaneng tsa ngwaga mo dinageng tse di farologaneng. Mo godimo ga dibenara tsa go kokoanya madi mo Wikipedia ka boyone, go na gape le matsholo a imeile; diimeile dingwe di laletsa batho go tlogela madi a Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia mo diwiling tsa bone.[224][225] Lotseno lo tlhatlogile ngwaga le ngwaga wa go nna teng ga Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia, lwa fitlha go dimilione di le US$180.17 go tloga ka 30 Seetebosigo 2023, fa lo bapisiwa le ditshenyegelo tsa dimilione di le US$169.1.[226][227] Mo godimo ga moo, Wikimedia Endowment, e leng maiteko a a farologaneng a go kokoanya madi a a simolotsweng ka 2016, a ne a fitlha go dimilione di le $100 ka 2021, dingwaga di le tlhano ka bonako go feta ka fa go neng go rulagantswe ka gone.[228] Ditlamorago tsa kwa ntle Ka 2007, Wikipedia e ne ya tsewa e tshwanela go dirisiwa jaaka motswedi o mogolo ke Ofisi ya Thoto ya Tlhaloganyo ya UK mo katlholong ya kgetse ya letshwaokgwebo la Formula One.[229] Fa nako e ntse e ile, Wikipedia e ne ya amogelwa ke metswedi ya dikgang e e tlwaelegileng jaaka "motswedi o o botlhokwa" wa ditiragalo tse disha tse dikgolo, tse di jaaka thoromo ya lefatshe ya Lewatle la India ya 2004 le tsunami e e amanang le yone, ditlhopho tsa Boporesidente tsa Amerika tsa 2008,[230] le go thuntshiwa ga Virginia Tech ka 2007. Setlhogo sa bofelo se ne sa fitlhelelwa makgetlo a le 750,000 mo malatsing a mabedi, mme makwalodikgang a a gatisitsweng mo lefelong la gaeno go thuntshiwa a oketsa ka gore "Wikipedia e tlhageletse jaaka lefelo la go phepafatsa tshedimosetso e e feletseng ka tiragalo eno."[231] Ka di 21 Tlhakole 2007, Noam Cohen wa New York Times o ne a bega gore barutegi bangwe ba ne ba thibela tiriso ya Wikipedia jaaka sedirisiwa sa patlisiso.[232] Ka di 27 Tlhakole 2007, athikele mo lekwalodikgannyeng la The Harvard Crimson e ne ya bega gore baporofesara bangwe kwa Yunibesithing ya Harvard ba ne ba akaretsa Wikipedia mo dithulaganyong tsa bone tsa thuto, mme go ne ga nna le kgaogano mo tseleng e ba neng ba leba go dirisa Wikipedia ka yone.[233] Ka Phukwi 2013, patlisiso e kgolo e e dirilweng ke diyunibesiti di le nne tse dikgolo e ne ya supa diathikele tse di neng di ngangisanwa thata mo Wikipedia, mme ya fitlhela gore Iseraele, Adolf Hitler le Modimo di ne di ngangisanwa ka bogale go feta ditlhogo dipe tse dingwe.[234] === Ditlamorago tsa diathikele tsa bayokerafi === Hobane di-biography tsa Wikipedia hangata di ntjhafatswa ka tlhahisoleseding e ntjha e tla, hangata di sebediswa e le mohlodi wa referense ka maphelo a batho ba hlokomelehang. Seno se dirile gore go dirwe maiteko a go dirisa boferefere le go dira gore diathikele tsa Wikipedia di nne tsa maaka ka boikaelelo jwa go bapatsa kgotsa go senya leina (Dikganetsano) mme gape se dirile gore go dirisiwe dilo tse disha tsa tshedimosetso ya bayokerafi tse di neetsweng. Ka Ngwanatsele 2005, kganetsano ya ga Seigenthaler e ne ya nna teng fa motsietsi mongwe a ne a bolela mo Wikipedia gore mmegadikgang John Seigenthaler o ne a na le seabe mo polaong ya ga Kennedy ka 1963. Ka Sedimonthole 2006, rametlae wa Mojeremane e bong Atze Schröder o ne a sekisa Arne Klempert, mokwaledi wa Wikimedia Deutschland ka gonne a ne a sa batle gore leina la gagwe la mmatota le gatisiwe mo Wikipedia. Moragonyana Schröder o ne a gogela ngongorego ya gagwe morago mme o ne a batla gore ditshenyegelo tsa mmueledi wa gagwe di duelwe ke Klempert. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya swetsa ka gore motaki o tshwanetse go duelela ditshenyegelo tseo ka boene.[235] Ka la 16 Tlhakole 2007, raditiragalo wa Turkey Taner Akçam o ne a tshwarwa ka nakwana fa a goroga kwa Boemafofaneng jwa Boditšhabatšhaba jwa Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau ka ntlha ya tshedimosetso ya maaka mo bayokerafing ya gagwe ya Wikipedia e e neng e bolela gore ke serukhutlhi.[236][237] Ka Ngwanatsele 2008, radipolotiki wa Lekoko la Left la Jeremane e bong Lutz Heilmann o ne a bolela gore mafoko mangwe a a neng a a bua mo setlhogong sa gagwe sa Wikipedia a ne a senya leina la gagwe. O ne a atlega go bona taelo ya kgotlatshekelo ya go dira gore Wikimedia Deutschland e tlose lefelo le le botlhokwa la go batla. Sephetho e ne e le ho tsholloa ha naha ha tshehetso ya Wikipedia, meneelo e mengata ho Wikimedia Deutschland, le ho nyoloha ha dipono tsa ditsebe tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa sehlooho sa Lutz Heilmann ho tloha ho mashome a mmalwa ho ya ho halofo ya milione. Ka bonako morago ga foo, Heilmann o ne a kopa kgotlatshekelo go gogela morago taelo ya kgotlatshekelo.[238] Ka Sedimonthole 2008, Wikimedia Nederland, kgaolo ya Dutch, e ne ya fenya taelo ya ntlha morago ga gore rakgwebo a golaganngwe mo athikeleng ya "gagwe" le sekebekwa Willem Holleeder mme a batla gore athikele eo e phimolwe. Moatlhodi kwa Utrecht o ne a dumela polelo ya Wikimedia ya gore ga e na tlhotlheletso mo diteng tsa Wikipedia ya Sedatšhe.[239] Ka Tlhakole 2009, fa radipolotiki wa Mojeremane e bong Karl Theodor Maria Nikolaus Johann Jacob Philipp Franz Joseph Sylvester Buhl-Freiherr von zu Guttenberg a ne a nna tona ya puso ya bofederale ka di 10 Tlhakole 2009, modirisi yo o sa kwadisiwang o ne a oketsa ka setlhogo sa bolesome le bongwe sa Sejeremane se se neilweng ka leina. Dikuranta di le dintsi di ne tsa e amogela. Fa batho ba Wikipedia ba ba kelotlhoko ba ne ba leka go tlosa Wilhelm, go tseleganya go ne ga busediwa morago go nopolwa makwalodikgang ao. Kgetse eno ka ga go ikanyega ga Wikipedia le babegadikgang ba ba kopololang go tswa mo Wikipedia e ne ya bidiwa Falscher Wilhelm ("Wilhelm yo o sa siamang").[240] == Metswedi == dgmbnnit5dk5hyr05at6129838u3nno Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2014 (Botswana) 0 14470 53435 52582 2026-07-28T06:26:07Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53435 wikitext text/x-wiki Go ne ga tshwarwa '''ditlhopho tsa kakaretso mo lefatsheng la Botswana ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone'''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140907172040/http://www.afriquejet.com/en/southern-africa/10772-politics-khama-dissolves-parliament-fixes-2014-election-date.html "Khama dissolves parliament, fixes 2014 election date".] ''afriquejet.com''. 7 August 2014. Archived from [http://www.afriquejet.com/en/southern-africa/10772-politics-khama-dissolves-parliament-fixes-2014-election-date.html the original] on 7 September 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref> Maduo a tsone e ne ya na phenyo ya lesome le motso ya phathi ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]], e e fentseng ditilo di le masome a mararo le bosupa mo go tse di masome matlhano le bosupa tse di neng di emetse ditlhopho. Tautona wa nako eo [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian khama]] o ne a tlhomamisiwa semmuso go busa mo legatong la bobedi ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141202163415/http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Botswanas-Khama-sworn-in-for-2nd-term-20141028 "Botswana's Khama sworn in for 2nd term"], AFP, 28 October 2014.</ref> Pele ga dilthopho go ne ga nna le kwelo tlase ya itsholelo mo lefatsheng leo, e le ka ntlha ya kwelo tlase e kgolo ya lefatshe ka bophara. Fa godimo ga foo, go ne ga nna le dikgotlhang tse dintsi tsa selegae, di akaretsa ngalo ditiro e e tsereng sebaka ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso e le fa gare, e e neng e tlhotlheleditswe ke lekgotla la babereki ba puso (BOFEPUSU).<ref>[https://www.eiu.com/n/ "Public-sector workers begin large-scale strike action".] ''Economist Intelligence Unit''. 2 May 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref> Ian Khama o ne a kgalelwa ka fa a neng a tshwara dikgang tse ka teng, dikgotlhang mo phathing e e neng e busa ya Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) tsa oketsega. Ka ntlha ya se, lekgamu la kgololesego la phathi e, le le neng le le kgatlhanong le boeteledipele jwa ga Khama, le ne la tswa mo phathing ya BDP la ya kwa go ya [[Botswana Movement for Democracy]] (BMD) ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga [[Gomolemo Motswaledi]].<ref>Bungu, Jerry (29 May 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110416212446/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-05-29/botswana-breakaway-party-launched-in-split-with-khama-update1-.html "Botswana Breakaway Party Launched in Split With Khama (Update1)".] [[:en:Bloomberg_Businessweek|''Bloomberg Businessweek''.]] Archived from [https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek the original] on 16 April 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref> == Tse di diragetseng pele == Ka ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe, phathi ya Botswana Democratic Party e ne ya fenya ka ditilo di le masome a mane le botlhano mo go tse di masome matlhano le bosupa, se se netefatsa gore Ian Khama o tlhophiwa go nna tautona mo magatong otlhe a mabedi. Phenyo e nnile le ntswa ba kganetso ba ne ba kgaogane ka diphathi tsa [[Botswana National Front]] (BNF) le [[Botswana Congress Party]] (BCP), se se neng sa thatafatsa phenyo ya ba kganetso ke ka phathi ya BNF e ne e na le dikgotlhang. Fa di tsibogela poelo morago e, diphathi tsa kganetso di ne tsa ipaakanya mo go tseneletseng. Moeteledipele wa BNF [[Otsweletse Moupo]] o ne a ithola marapo ka Phukwi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome, [[Duma Boko]] a mo tlhatlhama. [[Gilson Saleshando]], le ene o ne a ithola marapo mo boeteledipele jwa BCP, a sutela morwae [[Dumelang Saleshando]], o a berekileng e le mopalamente wa [[Gaborone]] legare. Le ntswa Khama a ne a kgona go etelelapele, ka ngwga wa dikete pedi le lesome, go nna teng ga makgamu go ne ga oketsega, mo go neng ga felela go baka gore lekgamu le le bonalang la phathi le le neng le eteletswe pele ke Gomolemo Motswaledi le tswe mo phathing go tlhama Botswana Movement for Democracy (BMD).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110416212446/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-05-29/botswana-breakaway-party-launched-in-split-with-khama-update1-.html "Botswana Breakaway Party Launched in Split With Khama (Update1)".] Bloomberg Businessweek. 29 May 2010. Archived from [https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek the original] on 16 April 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref> Se e ne ya nna kgaogano ya ntlha e kgolo mo phathing ya BDP mo dingwageng di feta masome a matlhano. Go tswa mo BDP go ya BMD ga mapalamente go ne ga letla [[Botsalo Ntuane]] go nna moeteledipele wa diphathi tsa kganetso kwa palamenteng, e le lantlha mo dingwageng di le masome mane phathi e sele kwa ntle ga ya BNF e nna mo maemong ao.<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/68042 "KEORAPETSE NEW LOO".] ''dailynews.gov.bw''. Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref> Legato la ntlha la ga Khama le ne la nna le dikgwetlho tse di bonalang tsa madi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE18.2Makgala.pdf |title=THE MANIFESTO EXPERIMENT AND INTERNAL ELECTIONEERING IN THE BOTSWANA DEMOCRATIC PARTY |access-date=2026-07-16 |archive-date=2024-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124075200/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE18.2Makgala.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwelo tlase ya itsholelo ya lefatshe ka bophara, go simologa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe, e ne ya nna le seabe se setona mo itsholelong ya Botswana. Le ntswa lefatshe le le ne la kgona go itshegtsa fa le tshwantshanngwa le a mangwe mo kgaolong, matshelo a batho a ne a wela tlase, se sa nna kwa godimo thata kwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso. Mohama wa puso o o nonofileng wa lefatshe leo, o o ikaegileng thata ka thekiso ya diteemane, o ne wa itemogela kwelo tlase ya ba ba batlang go reka diteemane. Go ya godimo ga ditlhwatlhwa, mo go neng go le mo palong ya bosupa mo lekgolong dingwaga di le dintsi, go ne ga oketsega go nna lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe. Fa e tsiboga, puso ya Khama e ne ya dira melao e e gagametseng e engw nokeng ke ba World Bank le International Monetary Fund (IMF). Melao e, e ne e akaretsa go emisa koketso dituelo le go fokotsa palo ya babereki ba puso, mo go neng ga baka go oketsega ga letlhoko la ditiro.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230922144939/http://www.psiru.org/node/16057.html "Botswana - Historic public workers strike".] July 2011.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la itemogela dingwaga di le tharo tse di tlhomaganeng go sena koketso dituelo mo pusong, le ntswa ditlhwatlhwa di ne di tsweletse ka go oketsega gabedi ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe, di ama nonofo ya theko ya babereki ka bontsi. Ditiragalo tse disha tse di ne tsa baka kwelo tlase ya batho ba ba neng ba rata BDP, mme tsa tsosolosa batsaya karolo ba ba neng ba ntse ba tlodisiwa matlho, ba tshwana le matsholo a babereki.<ref name=":2">[https://www.sundaystandard.info/bofepusu-threatens-to-restart-strike-if-negotiations-fail/ "BOFEPUSU threatens to restart strike if negotiations fail".] ''Sunday Standard''. 21 July 2011.</ref><ref name=":3">[https://www.pressreader.com/botswana/the-monitor-4753/20210419/281569473561671 "BOFEPUSU on 10th Aniversary of 2011 strike".] ''The Monitor''. 19 April 2021.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso, ka kgwedi ya Moranang, lekgotla la babereki ba puso (BOFEPUSU) le le emetseng babereki ba puso ba le dikete di le lekgolo, fa le tsibogela go gana go oketsa dituelo ga puso le ne la simolola ngalo ditiro ya babereki ba puso e e tsereng sebaka se seleele go gaisa tsotlhe mo ditsong tsa lefatshe leo, e nile go fitlhelela kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e fela, morago ga dikgwedi tse pedi.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Tse ba BOFEPUSU ba neng ba di batla di ne di akaretsa lesome le borataro mo lekgolong la koketso ya madi a dituelo, le ntswa puso ya Khama e ne e gatelela gore se ga se kake sa kgonega. Ngalo ditiro e gape e ne e akaretsa go ngongoregela polotiki, ba gwetlha diphathi tsa kganetso go kopanela tlhopho kgatlhanong le puso ya Khama, le go ganana le molao wa pereko o o neng o kganela go tsaya karolo mo polotiking ga babereki ba puso. Fa e tsiboga, puso e ne ya ntsha batho ba le bantsi mo ditirong ba ba berekang ditiro tse di botlhokwa, mo go neng ga e letla go tsaya babereki kwa ntle le go obamela ditaelo tsa IMF tsa go fokotsa babereki ba puso.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> Le ntswa ngalo ditiro e ne ya retelelwa ke go dira gore dituelo di okediwe, e ne ya godisa go ela tlhoko polotiki mo mehameng e metona ya Batswana. Dikgang tsa pereko fa go lebilwe seemo sa itsholelo e ne ya nna kgang ya moruthutha mo letsholong la ithekisetsa ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /> Mapolotiki a kganetso a ne a dirisa tshono e, ba dirisa megwanto ya BOFEPUSU e le serala sa go kgala puso ya ga Khama. Makgotla a babereki le baemedi ba kganetso ba ne ba simolola go gwtlha gore go fetolwe bateeldipele, se sa tshwenya puso thata. BOFEPUSU e nnile le seabe se se tona mo go rotloetseng gore diphathi tsa polotiki di kopanele tlhopho morago ga dingwaga di le masome tsa kgaogano e tona. Le ntswa baeteledipele bangwe ba makgotla a babereki ba ne ba amana le BCP, bontsi jwa dingongora tsa bone di ne di batla kopano ya diphathi tsa kganetso. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi, BNF, BMD le BPP di ne tsa dumalana go tlhama [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] (UDC), ba tshwaya bokopano jwa ntlha bo kwadisitsweng semmuso gareng ga diphathi tsa kganetso fa e sale ka boipuso. UDC e ne ya ikwadisa e le phathi ya sepolotiki go emela ditlhopho ba le seopo sengwe.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-politics-idUSKBN15I2JN "Botswana opposition groups unite to challenge ruling BDP",] Reuters, 3 February 2017</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141024172509/http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=20411&GroupID=1 Khonani Ontebetse, BDP faces growing UDC threat as elections loom-report] {{Web archive|url=https://web.archive.org/20141024172509/http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=20411&GroupID=1}} Sunday Standard, 29 June 2014</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi, BMD e ne ya tsena mo tumalanong le phathi e tona ya kganetso BNF le Botswana People's Party go tlhama bokopano jwa UDC. Bokopano bo bo ne jwa tsaya karolo mo ditlhophong ka go abela bapati ditilo, le go tlhopha Duma Boko, modulasetilo wa BNF, go nna ntlhopheng wa botautona jwa bokopano jo. Dipuisano gareng ga BCP le UDC ka go kopana di ne tsa ema gotlhelele, le ntswa BOFEPUSU e ne e dira maiteko. Kgabagare, BCP, e jaanong e neng e le phathi ya boraro ka botona ya polotiki mo lefatsheng morago ga go tsaya diphathi tse pedi tse dipotlana, [[Botswana Alliance Movement]] le [[MELS Movement of Botswana]],<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/news/bcpbam-merge/news "Mmegi Online :: BCP, BAM Merge".] ''Mmegi Online''. 17 May 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref><ref>[https://www.thegazette.news/latest-news/mels-merges-with-bcp/ MELS merges with BCP?,] ''The Gazette'', 25 July 2013</ref> e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go emela ditlhopho ba le nosi.<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/news/lack-of-bcp-udc-unity-gives-bofepusu-a-headache/news Lack of BCP-UDC unity gives BOFEPUSU a headache], ''Mmegi'', 19 April 2013</ref> Fa kganetso e tswelela e kgaogane, e ne ya tswelela ka go nonofa, se e le kgwetlho ya ntlha mo go buseng ba sa emise ga BDP fa e sale ka boipuso jwa Botswana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro. == Tsamaiso ya ditlhopho == Ka nako ya ditlhopho, maloko a a masome marataro le boraro a palamente a ne a kgaogangwa go nna mapalamente a le masome matlhano le bosupa a a neng a tlhophilwe go emela dikgaolo ka go itlhophela, maloko a le mane a ne a tlhophiwa ke phathi e e busang, a le mabedi e le tautona le motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente.<ref>[https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2496/ Botswana] IFES</ref> Batlhophi e ne e tshwanetse go nna Batswana ba ba dingwaga di lesome le borobabobedi le go feta, ba ba nnileng mo lefatsheng leo dikgwedi di se kwa tlase ga lesome le bobedi pele ga go ikwadisediwa ditlhopho. Batho ba ba nang le bogole jwa tlhaloganyo, ba ba nang le boagedi jwa mafatshe a mabedi, ba ba atlholetsweng loso, ba ba lebisitsweng molato wa tlhopho kgotsa ba le mo kgolegelong dikgwedi di le thataro ba ne ba sa letlelelwe go tlhopha. <ref>[http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2041_B.htm Electoral system] IPU</ref> Le ntswa go ne go na le dipharologanyo mo maineng le melelwane ya dikgaolo tsa botlhophi, dipalo di ne di ntse di tshwana. Se e ne e le lantlha fa e sale ka boipuso jwa Botswana, ditlhopho tse tharo ka go latelelana di tshwarelwa mo dikgaolong tsa botlhophi tsa palo e e lekanang.<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/documents/2014%20General%20Elections%20Report.pdf 2014 General Elections Report]'' (PDF). Independent Electoral Commission. 2014. p.&nbsp;4.</ref> == Letsholo la go ithekisa == Letsholo la go ithekisetsa ditlhopho le ne la leswefadiwa ke go tlhokafala ga ga Motswaledi ka ntlha ya kotsi ya koloi ka Phukwi a le masome a mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone.<ref>[https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-africa-byo-51431.html "President Khama election rival killed in car accident".] Bulawayo24 News. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212614/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=13332 "Gomolemo Motswaledi passes on".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Radio Botswana. 30 July 2014. Archived from [http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=13332 the original] on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref> Le ntswa go ne go na le magatwe a gore kotsi e amana le polotiki, ba sepodisi ba ne ba garela ka gore loso lo e ne e le kotsi.<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/diss-whistleblower-claims-motswaledi-was-assassinated/ "DISS whistleblower claims Motswaledi was assassinated &#x7C; Sunday Standard".] September 2014.</ref><ref>[https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-africa-byo-51601.html "Gomolemo Motswaledi killed?".] ''Bulawayo24''. Bulabayo24. 3 August 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140808072823/http://www.botswanaguardian.co.bw/news/971-was-motswaledi-killed.html "Was Gomolemo Motswaledi killed?"]. ''Botswana Guardian''. Botswana Guardian. 3 August 2014. Archived from [http://bettingbotswana.com/ the original] on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref> Diphathi tsa kganetso di ne tsa supa puso ya Khama ka monwana go bo a busa ka kgatelelo, ba ne ba iponela setlhopha sa banana ba ba farologaneng ba ba neng ba sa dumalane le ka fa puso e tsamaisang itsholelo ka teng.<ref name=":4">[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/10/26/botswana-ruling-party-wins-national-elections/ Botswana ruling party wins national election Al Jazeera], 26 October 2014</ref> A etse tlhoko go gola ga go tlhoka go itumela, Khama o ne a fetola ka go solofetsa batho phetogo, fa a paapmatsa ka fa lefatshe le dirabng ka teng mo itsholelong fa le tshwantshanngwa le mafatshe a mangwe mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka nako ya kwelo tlase ya itsholelo ya mafatshefatshe.<ref name=":4" /> Phathi ya Botswana Democratic Party fa e lemoga gore e lebanwe ke mathata, e ne ya dira letsholo la go ithekisa le le tseneletseng ka maikaelelo a go kgatlhisa batlhophi. Ba ne ba dumalana gore go na le mathata a a amang bontlha jo bogolo jwa palo ya batho mme ba re se ke ka ntlha ya seemo sa itsholelo mo lefatsheng ka bophara, ba ikaelela go fetola seemo.<ref name=":5">[https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/bdp-2014-manifesto-a-political-father-christmas BDP 2014 Manifesto, a political Father Christmas] ''Guardian Sun'', 15 April 2014</ref> Maitlamo a bone a a ntshitsweng ka Moranang ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone, a ne a femela motlhala wa phathi eo mo pusong, a gatelela gore Botswana e ne e le lengwe la mafatshe a a neng a humanegile thata pele ga boipuso mme le tokafetse thata fa le tshwantshanngwa le mafatshe a mangwe mo kgaolong.<ref name=":0" /> A ne gape a gatelela dikatlego tsa mo bosheng tsa puso tsa mananeo a botegeniki le matlo. Fa godimo ga foo, ba ne ba solofetsa go simolodisa projeke e ntsha ya Integrated Support Program for Arable Development (ISPAAD), le le diretsweng go ema nokeng balemi barui le go netefatsa gore lefatshe le nna le dijo tse di lekaneng. Lenaneo la ISPAAD le ne la kgalwa ke ba ba ganetsang ka ntlha ya gore ba ne ba dumela fa le le tlhwatlhwa e e kwa godimo.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">[https://www.sundaystandard.info/the-battle-of-the-manifestoes-2014/ The battle of the manifestoes 2014,] ''Sunday Standard'', 15 June 2014</ref> Maitlamo a ne a sa tlhapa ka dikgang tsa pereko, kago ne go ka gakatsa botsalano jo bo neng bo sa iketla jwa makgotla a babereki, a be a bua fela gore phathi e tlaa "tswelela ka go rotloetsa botsalano jo bo siameng gareng ga ba tsaya karolo mo mohameng wa pereko." Fa ba tsiboga, BOFEPUSOba ne ba kgala maitlamo a ba sa kgwe mathe , ba supa Khama ka monwana go bo a solofetsa batho magodimo, le gore maitlamo a bone a go nna le botsalano le makgotla a babereki ke "maaka a matala". Phathi ya BDP gape e ne ya kgalelwa go itebaganya le dikgang tsa thuo, ka e ne e itlama go neela mohama wa thuto madi a mantsi, le ntswa go ne go na le matshwenyego a agolelang kwa godimo ka seemo sa tsamaiso ya thuto ya lefatshe leo. BDP e ne ya gagamatsa go kgala diphathi ts kganetso ya rotloetsa go supa karata e khibidu (e le sesupo sa go ntshiwa mo lobaleng mo kgweleng ya dinao le mebala ya phathi e e busang) go ntsha diphathi tsa kganetso mo motshamekong."<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7">[https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ditshwanelo_elections_book.pdf Ditshwanelo Elections]</ref> Phathi ya Umbrella for Democratic Change e ne ya ntsha maitlamo a ditsebe di le masome a mararo le borobabobedi, a mo go one ba neng ba botsolosa puso ya ga Khama, ba e supa ka monwana go bo e busa ka kgatelelo le go sa tsamaise itsholelo sentle. UDC e ne e re yone e ka fetola seemo sa matshelo a batho, polotiki le itsholelo. Mo phathing ba ne ba re go diriwe tsamaiso ya palamente e e nonofileng thata ka go farologanya ditiro tsa moeteledipele wa lefatshe le tsa moeteledipele wa puso, ka go busetsa tonakgolo mo go neng ga emisiwamorago ga boipuso. Ba ne ba re gape ba ka tokafatsa dinonofo tsa makhanselara ba dira puso ya batho ka batho e e sa ikaegang golo go le gongwe.<ref name=":6" /> Mo go tsa thuto, UDC e ne ya re e ka tokafatsa diemo tse barutabana ba berekelang mo go tsone, ba tlhabolola dikgao, ba dira gore thuto ya bana ba ba botlana e nne ya mongwe le mongwe, le go netefatsa gore banana ba bona thuto e kgolwane ya ithutelo ditiro.<ref name=":7" /> Le ntswa ba ne ba leka go bona kemo nokeng ka go gatelela seemo sa pereko le mowa wa ngalo ditiro ya ngwaga dikete pedi, lesome le motso, maitlamo a UDC a ne a itebagantse thata le go kgala seemo sa puso ya BDP eseng ditshwanelo tsa babereki.<ref name=":7" /> Ba ne ba bua ka dikgang tsa matlo a bonno, ba solofetsa ditshekatsheko ka tirisanommogo le puso le mohama o o ikemetseng le go reka lefatshe mo go beng ba lone ba ditiropo le ba bangwe go rarabolola seemo sa tlhaelo ya ditsha.<ref name=":7" /> E bonwa e le nngwe ya diphathi tse di itshetletseng mo lefatsheng gape e nonofile le go feta morago ga go tsaya phathi ya BAM le MELS, Botswana Congress Party e ne ya phadisana ka serala sa tsweleo pele se se itebagantseng le ditshwanelo tsa babereki, go tokafatsa dikgao, le go tokafatsa diemo tsa botsogo le thuto, mo ba neg ba re go mo diphatseng.<ref name=":8">[https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/36680275/bcp-2014-manifesto-draft-final Ready to Lead - BCP Manifesto]</ref> Maitlamo a bone, a a neng a filwe setlhogo sa "re ipakanyeditse go etelela pele - re etelela Botswana pele go tswa mo marakanelong", a ne a na le ditsholofetso tse dintsi mo mehameng e e farologaneng.<ref name=":8" /> Bontsi jwa ditsholofetso tsa bone, bogolo jang tse di amanang le diphetogo tsa ditlhopho le tsamaiso ya lefatshe di ne di tshwana le tsa UDC, dipharologanyo di le ka fa di kwadilweng ka teng fela, bogolojang ka matlo a bonno.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> Phathi e ne ya re go fetolwe tsamaiso ya ditlhopho go tswa mo go nneng tlhopho ya bontsi go nna e e tlhakaneng e e nang le motho a le mongwe o o emetseng kgaolo mme ba oketse ditilo. == Metswedi == 35akdyn13knxh107okqwq6pqylugpzk Builders Warehouse 0 14495 53427 52708 2026-07-28T03:27:44Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53427 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Builders Warehouse''' (e e itsegeng ka leina la Builders mo [[Aforika Borwa|Afrika Borwa]]), ke khamphane e e rekisang didiriswa tsa go aga le go tokafatsa matlo mo Afrika Borwa. <ref name=":0">[https://www.builders.co.za/builders-our-story "Our story".] Builders Warehouse. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.listcorp.com/jse/msm/massmart-holdings-limited/news/annual-financial-statements-for-the-year-ended-31-december-2021-2698706.html "Annual Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2021"]. Listcorp. 31 December 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref> {{Infobox Company|name=Builders Warehouse|logo=Builders Warehouse logo.png|image=Entrance of a Builders Warehouse Store, in Kirstenhof, Cape Town.jpg|image_caption=Botseno jwa lebenkele la Polokelo ya Baagi kwa [[Kirstenhof]], [[Cape Town]]|company_type=[[Subsidiary]]|industry=Kgwebo|hq_location=[[Sandton]], [[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]]<ref name= "About Massbuild (Pty) Ltd" />|num_locations=117<ref name= "Builders Warehouse 2">{{cite web|url= https://www.servicesystems.co/ss-pages/builders-warehouse |title= Builders Warehouse |author= |publisher= Service Systems (Pty) Ltd. |date= |access-date= 5 April 2025 }}</ref>|areas_served=[[Southern Africa]]<br />[[East Africa]]<ref name= "Our story" />|key_people=Llewellyn Walters (CEO)<ref name= "Builders Warehouse opens flagship store in Boksburg">{{cite web|url= https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/builders-warehouse-opens-flagship-store-in-boksburg-2019-06-11 |title= Builders Warehouse opens flagship store in Boksburg |author= Creamer Media Reporter |publisher= Creamer Media's Engineering News |date= 13 June 2019 |access-date= 5 April 2025 }}</ref>|products=[[Construction]] equipment<br />[[Building materials]]<br />[[Home improvement]] supplies<br />[[Plants]]|operating_income=R1.18 billion (2022)<ref name= "Massmart reveals massive store expansion plans for Makro and Builder’s Warehouse">{{cite web|url= https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/565300/massmart-reveals-massive-store-expansion-plans-for-makro-and-builders-warehouse/ |title= Massmart reveals massive store expansion plans for Makro and Builder’s Warehouse |author= Staff Writer |publisher= BusinessTech |date= 7 March 2022 |access-date= 5 April 2025 }}</ref>|owner=[[Massmart]] <small> (ultimately owned by [[Walmart]])</small><ref name= "Massmart reveals massive store expansion plans for Makro and Builder’s Warehouse" />|website={{URL|https://www.builders.co.za}}}} E theilwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro ,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260719183331/https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/builders-warehouse/ "Builders Warehouse".] Political Analysis South Africa. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref> mme e tsamaisiwa ke lefapha la Massbuild la Sunninghill, Sandton-based chain conglomerate [[Massmart]], ba ka bobona e leng mothusi wa Bentonville, Arkansas-based retailer Walmart. Mabenkele a a farologaneng a a dirwang ka fa tlase ga sekhukhu se a akaretsa Builders Warehouse, Builders Express (mabenkele a mannye), Builders Trade Depot (e e tsepamisitseng maikutlo thata mo bagwebing ba dikago), le Builders Superstore. <ref>[https://www.massmart.co.za/about-us/our-brands "Our Brands".] Massmart. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref><ref>Staff Writer (7 March 2022). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/565300/massmart-reveals-massive-store-expansion-plans-for-makro-and-builders-warehouse/ "Massmart reveals massive store expansion plans for Makro and Builder's Warehouse"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260719150911/https://www.lifeisagarden.co.za/builders-warehouse-cape-town-city/ "Builders Warehouse - Cape Town City".] Life is a Garden. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref> == Ditso == Massmart e simolotse go reka letshwaokgwebo la Builders fa e ne e reka mabenkele a le matlhano a Builders Warehouse a a neng a dira kwa [[Johannesburg]] le [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]], ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260719012742/https://top500.co.za/top500-companies/massbuild-pty-ltd/ "About Massbuild (Pty) Ltd".] Top Media & Communications. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe, [[Walmart]] e ne ya reka 51% ya setoko sa khamphani ya motsadi Massmart Group, ka tlhotlhwa ya R17 million (e e ka nnang US$2.54 billion kgotsa £1.54 billion), morago ga go amogela tetla ya taolo go tswa go Kgotlatshekelo ya Kgaisano ya Aforika Borwa. Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Walmart e ne e feditse go reka 49% ya dikabelo tse di setseng, go dira Massmart setlamo se se leng ka botlalo sa Walmart. <ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2011/06/10/wal-mart-takes-on-africa-with-massmart/ "Wal-Mart Takes On Africa With Massmart".] Forbes. 10 June 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa, komponi e ne ya senola lebenkele la yone la ntlha le le neng le tsamaisiwa ke maatla a a ntšhafaditsweng. Lebenkele leno le le kwa Northriding, [[Johannesburg]], le dirisa dipaneele tsa letsatsi di le makgolo a mabe tse di tlhomilweng mo marulelong go tlamela ka diperesente di le ;esome le borataro tsa motlakase o le o dirisang ngwaga le ngwaga. Go ya ka mookamedi wa Massmart Group wa go tsweletswa pele Alex Haw, e thusa go fokotsa kgaso ya gase ya selegae ya kompone.<ref>Sibahle Malinga (23 May 2017). [https://www.itweb.co.za/article/builders-warehouse-opens-green-store/KrxP3jMBD6vA2yeZ "Builders Warehouse opens 'green' store".] ITWeb Limited. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe, Builders Warehouse e ne ya senola lebenkele le lesha kwa [[Boksburg]], [[Gauteng]], le le neelang, gareng ga dilo tse dingwe, go gatisa ka 3D; fanitšhara e e sephara; le lefelo la legae le le botlhale la go reka ka dijithale, mo lebenkeleng le go bona tshedimosetso ya dikuno. Lebenkele le ne le tshwanetse go nna sekai sa dikago tsotlhe tse disha tsa mabenkele le go baakanya.<ref name=":1">[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/182/190323.html Builders reveals new store prototype in Boksburg"]. Bizcommunity.com. 2 May 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref> == Ditirelo == Builders Warehouse e na le mabenkele a le lekgolo le lesome le bosupa<ref>[https://www.servicesystems.co/ss-pages/builders-warehouse Builders Warehouse".] Service Systems (Pty) Ltd. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref>mo dinageng di le nne go kgabaganya Borwa le Botlhaba jwa Aforika; Aforika Borwa, Botswana, Mozambique le Zambia.<ref name=":0" />Gape e neelana ka tirelo ya go reka ka inthanete. <ref>"T[https://www.builders.co.za/Builders-Trade-Card rade Card".] Builders Warehouse. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref> Mabenkele a mangwe a Builders Warehouse a fana ka ditirelo tse di jaaka go hira didirisiwa, tshekatsheko ya metsi a letamo, le thulaganyo ya dinotlolo tsa koloi, mme ba dirisane le lebenkele la kofi la selegae la Vida e Caffè. <ref>[https://blog.builders.co.za/builders-extends-its-gauteng-footprint/ "Builders Extends Its Gauteng Footprint"]. Builders Warehouse. Retrieved 5 April 2025.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == ojab0ex6sa17aaej2ocnaorbluy2yuj Access Bank Botswana 0 14507 53415 52894 2026-07-27T23:43:19Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=Access Bank Botswana|company_type=[[Subsidiary]]|industry=Ditirelo tsa Madi|hq_location=Gaborone, Botswana|key_people=[[Herbert Wigwe]]<br/>([[CEO|group CEO]])|products=Dikadimo, Dipeeletso, Dikadimo tsa Ntlo|parent=[[Access Bank Group]]|website={{URL|botswana.accessbankplc.com/}}}} '''Access Bank Botswana''', ke banka ya kgwebo e e neng e itsege pele jaaka BancABC Botswana, e e nang le ntlokgolo kwa [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]]. Ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe, Access Bank Group e ne ya fetsa go reka 78.15% ya dišere tsa BancABC Botswana. Morago ga moo, banka e ne ya fetola leina la yone go nna la gone jaanong go bontsha gore e na le seabe sefe mo go tsa madi. Dikabelo tsa Access Bank Botswana di rekisiwa kwa Botswana Stock Exchange, ka fa tlase ga letshwao: ACCESS. Komponi e e nang le seabe sa 21.85% e e sa laolweng ke Access Bank Group e ntse e kokobala mo BSE. <ref>Botswana Competition Authority (2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20260719174829/https://www.competitionauthority.co.bw/access-bank-proposes-acquire-7815-shares-bancabc "Access Bank Proposes To Acquire 78.15% Shares From BancABC"]. ''Botswana Competition Authority''. Gaborone, Botswana. Retrieved 13 May 2022.</ref><ref>Sunday Ekwochi (11 October 2021). [https://www.accessbankplc.com/AccessBankGroup/media/Documents/corporate-disclosure/COMPLETION-OF-ACQUISITION-OF-AFRICAN-BANING-CORPORATION-OF-BOTSWANA.pdf "Access Bank Plc Announces Completion of Botswana Acquisition"] (PDF). ''Access Bank Group''. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 13 May 2022.</ref><ref name=":0">Wasilat Azeez (12 October 2021)[https://www.thecable.ng/access-bank-acquires-majority-stake-in-bancabc-botswana-fourth-acquisition-in-2021 . "Access Bank acquires majority stake in BancABC Botswana — fourth acquisition in 2021".] ''TheCable''. Retrieved 13 May 2022.</ref> == Kakaretso == [[Setshwantsho:BancABC Logo.png|thumb|Logo ya BancABC pele ga go rekwa ke Atlas Mara ka 2014 le go fetolwa go nna Access Bank]] Access Bank Botswana e ne e le motlamedi wa botlhano yo mogolo wa ditirelo tsa ditšhelete mo Botswana, go tloga ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe .<ref name=":0" />Banka ke setlamo sa [[Access Bank Group]], setlamo sa ditirelo tsa madi se se nang le madirelo mo dinageng di le robongwe tsa kwa borwa jwa Sahara, United Kingdom le United Arab Emirates. Setlhopha seno gape se na le diofisi tsa kemedi kwa China, India le Lebanon. Dithoto tsa setlhopha di kwadisitswe kwa [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] ka letshwao la ACCESS. Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le masome a mararo le bongwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe , Access Bank Group e ne e na le madi a a fetang US$28 billion. <ref>Access Bank Group (18 March 2022). [https://www.accessbankplc.com/AccessBankGroup/media/Investors/Quarterly-Reports-2022/2021-FY-Full-Financial-Statement.pdf "2021 Financial Year - Full Financial Statement For Year Ending 31 December 2021"] (PDF). ''Access Bank Group''. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 13 May 2022.</ref> == Ditso == Go tlhomiwa ga ABC Holdings Limited go simolotse ka go kopanngwa ga First Merchant Bank (FMB) le Heritage Investment Bank (HIB) ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa .<ref>ABC Holdings Limited (14 December 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180826232417/http://www.bancabc.com/documents/Comp_Profile_2013.pdf "ABC Holdings Limited - Company Profile"] (PDF). ''ABC Holdings Limited''. Retrieved 14 December 2014.</ref> ABC Holdings Limited e ne ya kwadisiwa le go kwadisetswa mo Botswana Stock Exchange, ka kwadisetso ya bobedi mo [[Zimbabwe Stock Exchange]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi. Komiti e e netefatsang ya Botswana International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) e ne ya neela maemo a IFSC go ABC Holdings Limited le African Banking Corporation (International) Limited, e e leng setlamo sa 100% sa ABC Holdings Limited. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe banka e ne ya fetola leina la yone go nna BancABC.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150109154328/http://www.rbz.co.zw/operations/abc.asp "Profile & History of BancABC"]. ''[[:en:Reserve_Bank_of_Zimbabwe|Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe]]''. Harare, Zimbabwe. 2007. Retrieved 12 December 2014.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mararo le bongwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , Atlas Mara Co-Nvest Limited e ne ya itsise gore e batla go reka ABC Holdings Limited. Atlas Mara e dirile ditumalano tse di tlhamaletseng le beng ba dišere ba ba leng teng go reka diperesente di le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi tsa setlhopha mme morago ga moo ya dira tshitshinyo e e pateletsang ya go reka diperesente tse di setseng di le lesome le bobedi tsa dišere mo BancABC. <ref>Renee Bonorchis, Mbongeni Mguni and Godfrey Marawanyika (1 April 2014). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-01/bob-diamond-s-atlas-mara-to-buy-bancabc-in-first-africa-purchase.html "Bob Diamond's Atlas Mara Buys Bank In First Africa Purchase".] [[:en:Bloomberg_News|''Bloomberg News''.]] Retrieved 12 December 2014.</ref>Tumalano eno ya go reka e ne e lekanyeditswe ka madi a a ka nnang dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a marataro le botlhano tsa didolara tsa Amerika. Thekiso e ne ya konelwa ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone mme setoko sa ABC Holdings Limited se ne sa ntshiwa mo BSE le ZSE.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241204213346/http://otp.investis.com/clients/uk/atlas_mara/rns/regulatory-story.aspx?cid=744&newsid=459657 Atlas Mara - Issue of Shares And Total Voting Rights".] ''[[:en:Atlas_Mara_Co-Nvest_Limited|Atlas Mara Co-Nvest Limited]]''. 28 November 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014.</ref>Banka e ne ya rekwa ke Access Bank Group ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Boikarabelo == Dikabelo tsa Access Bank Botswana di kwadisitswe kwa Botswana Stock Exchange, koo di rekisiwang ka letshwao la ACCESS. Tafole e e fa tlase e bontsha go nna le seabe mo setokong sa Access Bank Botswana, go tloga ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe .<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == dx9ujjymre9ofj19779kpchkkhuk5y2 Banka ya First Capital Bank Botswana Limited (Botswana) 0 14534 53419 52830 2026-07-28T01:07:10Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=First Capital Bank Botswana Limited|logo=File:First_Capital_Bank_logo.jpg|former_name=Capital Bank|company_type=[[Public]]|industry=[[Banking]]|hq_location=First Capital House, 2nd Commercial Road, [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]]|key_people=[[Hitesh Anadkat]]<br/>[[Chairman]]<br/>Reinette van der Merwe<br/>[[Chief Executive Officer]]|products=Dikadimo, Dipolokelo, Ditšheke , Dipeeletso, Dikarata tsa Tlamelo, Dithoto|assets=BWP:3.9 billion (US$322 million) (2021)<ref name="1R">{{cite web|url=https://firstcapitalbank.co.bw/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/FCB-Financial-Results-2018.pdf | title=Financial Results As At 31 December 2018 |date=2019 | access-date=7 April 2020 |publisher=First Capital Bank Botswana Limited |author=First Capital Bank Botswana |location=Gaborone}}</ref>|parent=[[FMBCapital Holdings Plc|FMBCapital Holdings]]}} '''First Capital Bank Botswana Limited,''' eo pele e neng e itsiwe jaaka '''Capital Bank,''' ke banka ya kgwebo mo [[Botswana]], e e nang le laesense ya [[Banka ya Botswana]], banka e kgolo le molaodi wa bosetšhaba wa banka.<ref>Bank of Botswana (7 April 2020). [https://www.bankofbotswana.bw/content/banks-0 "Commercial Banks Licensed in Botswana"]. Gaborone: [[:en:Bank_of_Botswana|Bank of Botswana.]] Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref> Ke setlamo sa FMBCapital Holdings Plc, e leng setlamo sa ditirelo tsa madi se se leng kwa Mauritius, se dišere tsa sona di kwadisitsweng kwa [[Malawi Stock Exchange]] mme se na le ditlamo tsa sona kwa Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia le Zimbabwe. <ref>African Financials (18 May 2018). [https://africanfinancials.com/company/us-fmbch/ "Profile of FMBCapital Holdings Plc"]. Africanfinancials.com. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref> == Lefelo == Ntlo-kgolo le lekala le legolo la banka di kwa First Capital House, 2nd Commercial Road, kwa [[Gaborone]], motsemogolo le toropo e tona go di feta tsotlhe mo Botswana. Dikhuduthamaga tsa lefelo la banka ke: 24°38'56.0"S, 25°54'14.0"E (Latitude:-24.648889; Longitude:25.903889).<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/24%C2%B038'56.0%22S+25%C2%B054'14.0%22E/@-24.6489937,25.9038016,206m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-24.6488889!4d25.9038889 "Location of the Headquarters of First Capital Bank Botswana Limited"] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref> == Kakaretso == Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi, banka e ne e na le madi a a kana ka BWP:2,880,502,881 (US$241 million), le madi a a lekanang a beng ba dišere a BWP:196,059,009 (US$16.5 million).<ref>First Capital Bank Botswana (2019). [https://firstcapitalbank.co.bw/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/FCB-Financial-Results-2018.pdf "Financial Results As At 31 December 2018"] (PDF). Gaborone: First Capital Bank Botswana Limited. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref> == Ditso == Banka e simolotse go dira ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi , morago ga go fiwa laesense ya yona ya banka ke [[Banka ya Botswana]], e leng mokgatlho o o laolang banka ya bosetšhaba. Capital Bank e ne ya simolola Internet banking ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe le [[Visa Debit Cards]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome . Ka ngwaga wadikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe, banka e ne ya kgona go reka dithoto le melato ya Bank of India (Botswana) Limited, e leng banka e nngwe ya kgwebo. <ref>Competition Authority of Botswana (2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20260720183229/https://www.competitionauthority.co.bw/first-capital-bank-proposes-acquire-100-shares-bank-india-botswana "First Capital Bank Proposes To Acquire 100% Shares of Bank of India (Botswana)".] Gaborone: Competition Authority of Botswana. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref> == Boikarabelo == Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe, beng ba dišere ba First Capital Bank Botswana, ba ne ba le jaaka go tlhalositswe mo tafoleng e e fa tlase:<ref>Tsaone Segaetsho (18 February 2019). [http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=6135 "First Capital Bank devours Bank of India".] ''Weekend Post''. Gaborone. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref><ref>[https://firstcapitalbank.co.bw/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/FCB_Botswana_Annual_Report_2021.pdf "FCB Botswana Annual Report 2021"] (PDF). ''FCB Botswana''. 31 December 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2022.</ref> == Dikalana == Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Moranang ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi, First Capital Bank Botswana e na le ntlokgolo ya yona kwa First Capital House, Plot. 74768, 2nd Commercial Road, New CBD, Gaborone, Botswana. Makala a a kopaneng a banka a fitlhelwa kwa mafelong a a latelang. <ref>First Capital Bank Botswana (7 April 2020). [https://firstcapitalbank.co.bw/about/resources/branches/ "The Branches of First Capital Bank Botswana Limited"]. Gaborone: First Capital Bank Botswana Limited. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref> # Banka e le tona: Capital House, Plot. 17954, Old Lobatse Road, Gaborone # Banka ya Mogoditshane: Plot. 4216, Supa Save Complex, Along Molepolole Road, [[Mogoditshane]] # Banka ya Broadhurst: First Capital House, Plot. 74768, 2nd Commercial Road, New CBD, [[Gaborone]] # Banka ya Francistown: Setshwantsho. 448, Blue Jacket Street, kwa [[Francistown|Francistown.]] # Banka ya Maun: Plot 17396 Nkwe road Maun industrial area == Tsamaiso == Modulasetilo wa boto ya batsamaisi ba batho ba le barataro ke Hitesh Anadkat.<ref>First Capital Bank Botswana (7 April 2020). [https://firstcapitalbank.co.bw/governance/board-of-directors/ "The Board of Directors of First Capital Bank Botswana Limited".] Gaborone: First Capital Bank Botswana Limited. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref> Motlhankedi-mogolo wa banka, go tloga ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe , ke Reinette van der Merwe. <ref>First Capital Bank Botswana. [https://firstcapitalbank.co.bw/governance/executive-management/ "The Executive Management of First Capital Bank Botswana Limited"]. Gaborone: First Capital Bank Botswana Limited. Retrieved 27 June 2022.</ref> == Metswedi == sztfq5pp0gxvpmq0xo2zx0h4hdgvde3 Botsalano jwa mafatshe a Botswana le Namibia 0 14560 53423 53173 2026-07-28T02:45:39Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53423 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Namibia Locator (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Botsalano gareng ga [[Botswana]] le [[Namibia]]]] '''Botsalano jwa mafatshe a Botswana le Namibia''' ke botsalano jwa ka jaana le jwa mo ditsong gareng ga mafatshe a [[Botswana]] le [[Namibia]]. Lefatshe la Botswana le tsere boipuso go tswa mo go la [[Britain]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro kgwedi ya Lwetse. Lefatshe la Namibia le tsere boipuso go tswa mo go la [[Aforika Borwa]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe morago ga ntwa ya Namibia ya boipuso, mafatshe a mabedi a morago a ne a tlhama botsalano semmuso. Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Windhoek fa la Namibia le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Gaborone]].<ref>[https://www.visahq.com/namibia/embassy/botswana/ "Namibia Embassy in Botswana".] Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Mafatshe o o mabedi ke maloko la a lekgotla la [[Southern African Development Community]], lekgotla la [[African Union]], lekgotla la mafatshe a a tlhabologang a setlhopha sa masome a supa le bosupa (Group of 77) lekgotla la [[Mafatshe a selekane|mafatshe a selekane.]] == Ditumalano == Mo ngwageng wa dikete pedi le bororobabobedi, go ne go sena tumalano mabapi le molelwane o moleele gareng ga Botswana le Namibia.<ref>Bame Piet. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171002215820/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=1&dir=2008%2FOctober%2FFriday10 "Botswana has no border treaty with Zim, Namibia".] Mmegi. Archived from the original on 2017-10-02. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Molelwane o ne o le teng ka ntlha ya tumalano e e beilweng monwana ka Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe gareng ga mafatshe a [[Great Britain]] le [[Germany]] a tshwaya dintlha tsa one tsa bookamedi jwa Aforika.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120219102125/http://www.mpil.de/ww/en/pub/research/details/publications/institute/wcd.cfm?fuseaction_wcd=aktdat&aktdat=dec0313.cfm "Case concerning Kasikili/Sedudu Island".] Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law. Archived from the original on 2012-02-19. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Dikgotlhang ka molelwane tse di tshwerweng ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgooo a robabongwe, le masome a robabongwe di ne tsa baka dikgogakgogano gareng ga dipuso tsoo pedi.<ref>Alex Vines (November 1996). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174150/http://www.africafiles.org/article.asp?ID=3862 "Of arms and islands: The Botswana Namibia cold war"]. Africa Files. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bone, mafatshe a Namibia le [[Angola]] a ne a dumalana go tlhama bokopano jwa kgampu ya [[noka ya Okavango]], ka maikaelelo a go dira tumalano e e laolang tiriso ya metswedi ya metsi, mme tswelelo pele mo go feleletseng tumalano e ne ya nna bonya.<ref>Paula Hardy; Matthew D. Firestone (2007). ''Botswana & Namibia''. Lonely Planet. p.&nbsp;72. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-760-8|<bdi>978-1-74104-760-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lebone, mafatshe a Botswana le Namibia, ga mmogo le mafatshe a mangwe a a mo lotshithsing lwa kgampu ya noka ya Zambezi, a ne a tshwaraganetse go baya monwana tumalano e e tlhamang bokopano jwa metsi a Zambezi go laola metswedi ya [[noka ya Zambezi]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131214062300/http://www.zacpro.org/downloads/ZAMCOM%20AGREEMENT.pdf "AGREEMENT ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ZAMBEZI WATERCOURSE COMMISSION"] (PDF). Zacpro: Zambezi River Action Plan. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref><ref>Olli Varis; Cecilia Tortajada; Asit K. Biswas (2008). ''Management of Transboundary Rivers and Lakes''. Springer. p.&nbsp;59ff. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/3-540-74926-8|<bdi>3-540-74926-8</bdi>.]]</ref> == Tirisanommogo mo go tsa itsholelo == Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi, dikoporase tsa motlakase tsa mafatshe a Namibia le Botswana di ne tsa baya monwana tumalano ya go isa motlakase kwa kgaolong ya [[Ghanzi]] le De Hoek mo Botswana le Namibia ka tatelano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093429/http://www.sadocc.at/news2002/2002-184.shtml "Namibia-Botswana Power Corporations Sign Agreement".] Southern Africa Documentation and Cooperation Centre. Archived from the original on 2017-10-03. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Mafatshe a Namibia le Botswana a ntse a tlhatlhanya ka go kopanela go tlhabolola ditlhaeletsanyuo tse disha tsa tiriso ya fiber go kgabaganya Aforika Borwa, ka maiteko a go fokotsa ditlhwatlhwa.<ref>[https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/now-angola-namibia-botswana-mull-global-fibre-alternative-2007-08-31 "Now Angola, Namibia, Botswana mull global fibre alternative".] Creamer Media (Pty) Ltd. 31 August 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi, mafatshe a Aforika Borwa, Botswana, Namibia le [[Zimbabwe]] a ne a rekisa mmogo ka teseletso dithane di le supa tsa dinaka tsa ditlou ba rekisetsa mafatshe a [[China]] le Japan, a boelwa ke di dolara tsa America di le sedikadike le borobabobedi.<ref>Berger, Sebastien (28 Oct 2008). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/zimbabwe/3274754/Elephant-tusks-sold-legally-for-first-time-in-a-decade.html "Elephant tusks sold legally for first time in a decade"]. London: Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Ka Phalane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi, lefatshe la [[Namibia]] le ne la tlhomamisa kakanyetso ya kompone e e ikemetseng go rekisa magala go tswa kwa Botswana go tsamaya ka seporo go ya kwa maemelong a dikepe a Namibia. Go bolelwa fa [[Mmamabula]] a na le dithane di le dibilone di le pedi le borobabobedi tsa magala (bona [[madirelo a meepo ya Botswana]]). == Dikgotlhang == Mafatshe a Botswana le Namibia a ne a na le kgotlhang e e gogileng ka lobaka ka go okamela setlhaketlhake sa Kasikili kgotsa [[Sedudu]] kwa [[Noka ya Chobe|nokeng ya Chobe]], se se dirang bontlha jwa molelwane gareng ga mafatshe o o mabedi.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/280109.stm "Namibia-Botswana border dispute before UN court".] BBC News. February 15, 1999. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Ka Morule ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe, baatlhodi kwa kgotlatshekelong ya mafatshefatshe ba ne ba atlhola gore setlhaketlhake seo ke sa Botswana.<ref>LAUREN COMITEAU (1999-12-13). [https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/1999/12/991213-namibia1.htm "WORLD COURT/NAMIBIA/BOTSWANA (L-O)".] GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Kwa [[Caprivi Strip]], lekgotla la [[United Nations General Assembly|United Nations]] le ne la bega gore fa gare ga Phalane ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi, le Tlhakole ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe batho ba Namibia ba feta dikete pedi le makgolo a mane ba tlola kwa borwa go tsena mo Botswana.<ref>[https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Hornet/irin_21699c.html "NAMIBIA-BOTSWANA: Border tensions 1999.2.15".] UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA – AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> [[Makgobokgobo a Okavango]] kwa Botswana ke lefelo le le itsegeng mo mafatsheng ka bophara ka dinonyane le diphologolo tsa naga le motswedi o o botlhokwa wa dipoelo tsa bojanala, mme le ikaegile ka [[noka ya Okavango]] e e elelang go tswa kwa [[Angola]] e raletse Namibia. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa lefatshe la Namibia le ne le lebanwe ke komelelo e e tsereng sebaka, le ne la itsise ka leano la lone la go tsaya metsi kwa mokeng eo, mo go neng go tshosetsa go nna kgang e e diphatsa gareng ga mafatshe a mabedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080203034253/http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/stories/s384473.htm "Namibia / Botswana Water Wars"]. ABC. 1997-09-09. Archived from [https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/foreign the original] on 2008-02-03. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Lefatshe la Namibia le ntse le etse tlhoko molao wa "thuntshetsa go bolaya" kgatlhanong le batho ba ba tsomang diphologolo tsa naga. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano le ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome mabedi, batho ba Namibia ba le mmalwa ba ne ba bolaiwa ke masole a Botswana ka ba ne ba belaelwa ba tsoma diphologolo tsa naga.<ref>Ngutjinazo, Okeri; Mbathera, Ester (11 November 2020[https://web.archive.org/web/20201113061552/https://www.namibian.com.na/96411/read/Geingob-engages-Masisi-on-shoot-to-kill-policy ). "Geingob engages Masisi on 'shoot to kill' policy"]. ''The Namibian''. p.&nbsp;1.</ref> == Babereki ba botsalano == * [[Elisabeth Kakukuru]], moemedi wa lefatshe la [[Namibia]] mo Botswana<ref>Endjala, Martin (29 August 2025). [https://www.pressreader.com/namibia/the-namibian/20250829/281513642267585?srsltid=AfmBOoo91l-Nyl_VKxn26g5IreNP403PBZP0D2CyQV1hEp5-0QAADb0I "Diplomatic seats empty for now".] ''The Namibian''. p.&nbsp;3.</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Botsalano jwa lefatshe la Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe]] * [[Botsalano jwa lefatshe la Namibia le mafatshe a mangwe]] == Metswedi == 2m3lopn0mweomg6of6gdvbmbu3qfori A question of Power 0 14575 53414 53006 2026-07-27T23:39:09Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53414 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''A question of Power''''' ke padi ya mokwadi wa [[Botswana|Motswana]] yo o tsholetsweng kwa Aforikaborwa e bong [[Bessie Head]], e e gatisitsweng la ntlha kwa Lontone, kwa Engelane, ka 1973. Padi e e sela morago Elizabeth fa a tswa mo Aforika Borwa go ya go nna kwa Botswana mme a itemogela mefuta ya botsalano ya maatla. ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' e e tlhalosa e le "pego e e tlhamaletseng ka botshelo jwa motho yo o tlhakaneng tlhogo a tshela ka go tlhobaela mme moanelwamogolo a tshedisiwa ke maatla a go itwela". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-13 |title=Bessie Emery Head {{!}} South African Writer, Post-Apartheid Fiction |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bessie-Emery-Head |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=[[Britannica]] |language=en}}</ref> Elizabeth o senka go itlhaloganya, mo loetong le le botlhoko. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beard |first=Linda Susan |date=December 1979 |title=Bessie Head's A Question of Power: The Journey Through Disintegration to Wholeness |url=https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2384&context=cq |journal=[[Colby Quarterly]] |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=267–274}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aull |first=Felice |date=2006-05-02 |title=A Question of Power |url=https://medhum.med.nyu.edu/view/1433 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=LitMed |archive-date=2024-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518163631/https://medhum.med.nyu.edu/view/1433 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rose |first=Jacqueline |date=1994 |title=On the 'Universality' of Madness: Bessie Head's "A Question of Power" |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1343863 |journal=Critical Inquiry |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=401–418 |doi=10.1086/448719 |issn=0093-1896 |jstor=1343863 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=NinaG |date=2013-06-03 |title=Revisiting Bessie Head's 'A Question of Power' for #WPGhBookClub |url=https://museandwords.com/2013/06/03/revisiting-bessie-heads-a-question-of-power-for-wpghbookclub/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Muse & Words |language=en}}</ref> == Ditso tsa kgatiso == * Lontone: Davis-Pointara, 1973. * New York: Ntlo ya Badumedi, 1974. * Dibuka tsa Thuto tsa Heinemann ( Bakwadi ba Aforika ba dipadi 149), 1974; <ref>{{Cite book |last=Head |first=Bessie |date=1974 |title=A Question of Power |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGNyLJ9o0qAC |publisher=Heinemann |isbn=978-0-435-90720-4 |language=en}}</ref> 1986. * Dibuka tsa Segompieno tsa Penguin, tse di nang le matseno a a kwadilweng ke Margaret Busby, 2002 ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Question of Power |url=https://www.book-info.com/isbn/0-14-118721-2.htm |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=book-info.com |isbn=978-0-14-118721-1}}</ref> Bakwadi ba Aforika ba Penguin, 2012. bgpluchxn0nieln8mijcpughwn4so3t Go nna sekaka ga lefelo 0 14576 53450 53294 2026-07-28T09:35:37Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53450 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Global_distribution_of_dryland_subtypes_based_on_the_aridity_index.png|thumb|dikgaolo tsa lefatshe le le omeletseng di bontshiwa mo moalong lefatshe ka bophara , go lebilwe seelo sa komelelo se se badilweng mo palogareng ya dingwaga di le masome a mararo ka 1981 go ya go 2010. Dikaka tse di tlwaelesegileng di supiwa ke setlhopha sa hyper-arid (serolwana/mmala wa lephutshe yo o sa gatelelang). ]] [[File:Somalia,_Mudug,_Dhinowda_(02).jpg|right|thumb|234x234px|Go nna sekaka ga lefelo mo go feteletseng kwa Somalia]] '''Go nna sekaka ga lefelo''' ke mofuta wa go senyega ga lefatshe mo go diragalang ka iketlo mo lefatshe le le nonneng go fetoga go nna sekaka se se omeletseng ka ntlha ya kopano ya ditiragalo tsa tlholego le ditiro tsa batho. Selo se se bakang go nna sekaka gantsi ke go latlhegelwa ke bontsi jwa dimela. Se se bakwa ke dintlha di le mmalwa, di le nosi kgotsa di kopantswe, jaaka komelelo, diphetogo tsa loapi, go epa mmu go dira temothuo, go fudisa go feta selekanyo le go rengwa ga dikgwa go bona lookwane kgotsa didirisiwa tsa kago. Le fa dimela di na le seabe se segolo mo go tlhomamiseng popego ya mmu, dithutopatlisiso di bontshitse gore, mo ditikologong tse dintsi, seelo sa kgothego le go elela ga metsi se fokotsega ka bontsi fa go khurumetsa mmu ga dimela go oketsega. <ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Geeson, Nichola |year=2002 |title=Mediterranean desertification: a mosaic of processes and responses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_0qg0f49GQC&pg=PA58 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-84448-9 |page=58 |display-authors=etal |access-date=16 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730161049/https://books.google.com/books?id=G_0qg0f49GQC&pg=PA58 |archive-date=30 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mmu yo o sa sirelediwang fa godimo, le yo omeletseng e fokwa ke phefo kgotsa e gogolwa ke merwalela ya tshoganyetso, mo go tlogelang mmu yo o ka fa tlase yo o sa nonang thata gore o nne mo letsatsing mme o felele o omelela thata o ka seke o ungwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sustainable development of drylands and combating desertification |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/v0265e/v0265e01.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804222104/http://www.fao.org/docrep/v0265e/v0265e01.htm |archive-date=4 August 2017 |access-date=21 June 2016}}</ref> <ref name="Zeng L17401">{{Cite journal |last=Zeng |first=Ning |last2=Yoon |first2=Jinho |date=1 September 2009 |title=Expansion of the world's deserts due to vegetation-albedo feedback under global warming |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=36 |issue=17 |page=L17401 |bibcode=2009GeoRL..3617401Z |doi=10.1029/2009GL039699 |issn=1944-8007 |s2cid=1708267 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Banni ba kana masome a le boferabongwe mo lekgolong (90%) ba mafelo a a omeletseng ba nna mo mafatsheng a a santseng a tlhabologa, a mo go one gape ba sokodisiwang ke diemo tsa itsholelo le morafe. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=2010–2020: UN Decade for Deserts and the Fight against Desertification |url=https://www.un.org/en/events/desertification_decade/index.shtml |access-date=11 September 2023 |website=www.un.org |language=EN}}</ref> Seemo se se gakadiwa ke go fokotsega boleng jwa lefatshe mo go fokotsang go ungwa ga lone, go sa tlhomamang ga methale ya go itshetsa le go nna dingalo gore batho ba fitlhelele metswedi ya madi le ditshono. Dikgaolo mo lefatsheng tse di amegang thata di mo Aforika ( kgaolo ya Sahel ), Asia ( Sekaka sa Gobi le Mongolia ) le dikarolo tsa Amerika Borwa . Lefatshe le le omeletseng le tsaya mo e ka nnang masome a mane go ya go a le mane le bongwe mo lekgolong (40–41%) ya lefatshe la Lefatshe (Earth's land) mme ke legae la&nbsp;batho ba le dibilione di le pedi. Ditlamorago tsa go fetoga ga lefelo go nna sekaka di akaretsa ditsuatsue tsa motlhaba le lerole, go tlhoka go tshepha go nna teng ga dijo, le lehuma . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carvalho |first=Keegan |date=2024-12-03 |title=What Is Desertification? Causes, Effects, And Solutions |url=https://earth.org/what-is-desertification/ |access-date=2026-06-23 |website=Earth.Org |language=en}}</ref> Methale ya go fokotsa kgotsa go busetsa morago go nna sekaka ga lefelo go akaretsa go tokafatsa boleng jwa mmu, go dira dikaka ditala, go laola mafulo, le go jala ditlhare ( go jala dikgwa sesha le go jala dikgwa ) <ref>{{Cite web |last=N.V |first=GREEN EARTH GROUP |title=Green Earth {{!}} How to combat desertification |url=https://www.green.earth/desertification |access-date=2026-06-23 |website=www.green.earth |language=en}}</ref> Mo ditsong tsotlhe tsa popego ya lefatshe, go nna teng ga dikaka go diragetse ka tlholego mo nakong e e telele thata. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Desertification |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/desertification/ |access-date=11 September 2023 |website=pubs.usgs.gov}}</ref> Thuto ya segompieno ya go fetoga sekaka ga mafelo e tlhagile go tswa mo thutong ya komelelo ya dingwaga tsa bo 1980 kwa Sahel . <ref name=":6">{{Cite book |date=2016 |title=The End of Desertification? |isbn=978-3-642-16013-4 |editor-last=Behnke |editor-first=Roy |series=Springer Earth System Sciences |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-16014-1 |issn=2197-9596 |editor-last2=Mortimore |editor-first2=Michael}}</ref> == Ditlhaloso == Go nna sekaka ga lefelo ke tiragalo e e diregang ka iketlo ya go oketsega ga komelelo ya mmu . Go nna sekaka ga lefelo go tlhalositswe mo mokwalong wa Tumalano ya Ditšhabakopano ya go Lwantsha go Nna Sekaka (UNCCD) jaaka "go latlhegelwa ke boleng ga mmu mo dikgaolong tse di omileng, tse di omeletseng go le sekae le tse di omileng mme di na le bokgola jo bo kwa tlase mo go bakiwang ke mabaka a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dipharologano tsa seemo sa loapi le ditiro tsa batho." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hulme |first=Mike |last2=Kelly |first2=Mick |date=1993 |title=Exploring the links between Desertification and Climate Change |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00139157.1993.9929106 |journal=Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development |language=en |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=4–45 |bibcode=1993ESPSD..35f...4H |doi=10.1080/00139157.1993.9929106 |issn=0013-9157 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Tlhaloso ya Sekaka – Lefelo mo lefatsheng le selekanyo sa pula le kapoko se leng kwa tlase thata go na le mafelo a mangwe, le palogare ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga e leng kwa tlase ga disenthimithara di le masome a mabedi le botlhano. Tlhaloso ka UNO (1995) – Go latlhegelwa ke boleng ga lefatshe mo mafelong a a senang sepe, a a bokgola le a a seng bokgola ka ntlha ya phetogo ya loapi le ditiro tsa batho go bidiwa go nna sekaka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Desert |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/desert |access-date=2026-06-23 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org |language=en}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2005, go ne go na le kganetsano e tona ka ga tlhaloso e e siameng ya lefoko ''desertification(go nna sekaka)'' ka ditlhaloso tse di fetang lekgolo tsa semmuso tse di neng di le teng. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Geist |first=Helmut |date=1 October 2017 |title=The Causes and Progression of Desertification |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315240855/causes-progression-desertification-helmut-geist |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-24085-5 |location=London |doi=10.4324/9781315240855}}</ref> E e neng ya amogelwa thata ke ya thanodi ya Sekolo sa dithuto tse di kgolwane sa Princeton e e neng ya e tlhalosa jaaka " tiragalo e lefatshe le le nonneng ''le fetogang sekaka'' ka ntlha ya go rengwa ga dikgwa, [[Leuba|komelelo]] kgotsa temothuo e e sa siamang ".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2026)">citation needed</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> Tlhaloso e e bontshitse ka tlhamalalo kgolagano ya go fetoga ga lefatshe go nna sekaka le ditiro tsa batho, segolobogolo tiriso ya lefatshe le mekgwa ya taolo ya lefatshe. E ne gape ya tlhagisa ditlamorago tsa itsholelo, loago le tikologo tsa go fetoga sekaka ga lefelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, tlhaloso e ya ntlha ya gore go nna sekaka ga lefelo go ne go akaretsa go atolosiwa ga dikaka ke batho e gannwe ka gonne mogopolo o o ne wa tswelela ka go fetoga fa e sale ka nako eo. Gape go na le dikganetsano dingwe mabapi le go aroganngwa ga mefuta ya sekaka, go akaretsa, boammaaruri le mosola wa tlhaloso ya mafoko a a a tshwanang le "sekaka se se dirilweng ke batho" le "sekaka se se senang moalo". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Geist |first=Helmut J. |last2=Lambin |first2=Eric F. |date=2004 |title=Dynamic Causal Patterns of Desertification |journal=BioScience |language=en |volume=54 |issue=9 |page=817 |doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0817:DCPOD]2.0.CO;2 |issn=0006-3568 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == tse di bakang go fetoga sekaka ga lefelo == === tsa pele/ntlha fela === Selo se se bakang go nna sekaka ga lefelo ga ntlha fela ke go latlhegelwa ke bontsi jwa dimela. Se se bakwa ke dintlha di le mmalwa, di le nosi kgotsa di kopantswe, jaaka komelelo, diphetogo tsa seemo sa loapi, go epa mmu go lema, go fudisa go feta selekanyo le go rengwa ga dikgwa go bona lookwane kgotsa didirisiwa tsa kago. Le fa dimela di na le seabe se segolo mo go tlhomamiseng popego ya mmu, dithutopatlisiso di bontshitse gore, mo ditikologong tse dintsi, seelo sa kgothego ya mmu le go elela ga metsi se fokotsega ka bontsi fa go khurumetsa ga dimela go oketsega. <ref name=":8"/> Mmu yo o fa godimo yo o sa sirelediwang, le yo o omeletseng e fokwa ke phefo kgotsa di gogolwa ke merwalela ya tshoganyetso, mo go tlogelang dikarolo tse di kwa tlase tsa mmu go fisiwa ke letsatsi mme di omelele thata di palelwe ke go ungwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2003-09-01 |title=Measurement of the scarcity of soil in agriculture |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301420704000340 |journal=Resources Policy |language=en |volume=29 |issue=3-4 |doi=10.1016/j.re |issn=0301-4207 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414114519/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301420704000340 |archive-date=2022-04-14}}</ref> === Tlhotlheletso ya ditiro tsa batho === Dithutopatlisiso tsa ntlha di ne di nganga gore nngwe ya dilo tse di tlwaelesegileng tse di bakang go nna sekaka ga lefelo e ne e le go fudisa go feta selekanyo, go ja dimela go feta selekanyo ke dikgomo le diruiwa tse dingwe. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Charney |first=J. G. |date=April 1975 |title=Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/qj.49710142802 |url-status=live |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |language=en |volume=101 |issue=428 |pages=193–202 |bibcode=1975QJRMS.101..193C |doi=10.1002/qj.49710142802 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730161050/https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/qj.49710142802 |archive-date=30 July 2023 |access-date=24 May 2022}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, seabe sa tiriso e e feteletseng ya selegae mo go bakang go nna sekaka ga mafelo mo nakong e e fetileng ya bosheng go na le dikganetsano. <ref name=":6"/> Jaanong go akanngwa gore komelelo mo kgaolong ya Sahel e bakilwe thata ke go fetoga ga seelo sa pula ka dipaka tse di dirwang ke go fetoga ga mogote wa metsi a fa godimo a lewatle, mo go bakwang thata ke go fetogafetoga ga tlholego le go ntshiwa ga di-aerosol ( dikarolwana tsa sulfate tse di bonaletsang ) le digase tse di bakiwang ke batho. <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Biasutti |first=Michela |date=July 2019 |title=Rainfall trends in the African Sahel: Characteristics, processes, and causes |journal=WIREs Climate Change |language=en |volume=10 |issue=4 |bibcode=2019WIRCC..10E.591B |doi=10.1002/wcc.591 |issn=1757-7780 |pmc=6617823 |pmid=31341517 |article-number=e591}}</ref> Ka ntlha ya se, go fetoga ga mogote wa lewatle le go fokotsega ga mesi ya sulfate go dirile gore kgaolo e e nne tala gape. <ref name=":3" /> Se se dirile gore barutegi bangwe ba bolele gore go latlhegelwa ke dimela mo go bakiwang ke temothuo ke selo se sennye se se ka dirang gore lefelo le fetoge sekaka. <ref name=":6" /> Diphetogo tsa palo ya batho di na le ditlamorago tse di tona mo go fudiseng go feta selekanyo, go lema go feta selekanyo le go rengwa ga dikgwa, mekgwa ye ya pele e e neng e amogelesega lantlha e setse e sena tswelelopele jaanong. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Epule |first=Terence Epule |last2=Peng |first2=Changhui |last3=Lepage |first3=Laurent |date=February 2015 |title=Environmental refugees in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of perspectives on the trends, causes, challenges and way forward |journal=GeoJournal |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=79–92 |bibcode=2015GeoJo..80...79E |doi=10.1007/s10708-014-9528-z |issn=0343-2521 |s2cid=154503204}}</ref> Go na le mabaka a mantsi a balemibarui ba dirisang temothuo e e tseneletseng go na le temothuo e e tswelelang fela lebaka le legolo ke go oketsa thobo. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |date=6 August 2019 |title=Explainer: Desertification and the role of climate change |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-desertification-and-the-role-of-climate-change |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210001559/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-desertification-and-the-role-of-climate-change |archive-date=10 February 2022 |access-date=22 October 2019 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> Ka go oketsa thobo, ba tlhoka menontshane e mentsi thata, dibolaya-ditshedi le badiri go tlhokomela didirisiwa. Tiriso e e tswelelang e ya lefatshe e fetsa ka bonako dikotla tsa mmu mo go dirang gore go nna sekaka ga legelo go aname. <ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations |title=World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/desertification-day |access-date=11 September 2023 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Intensive agriculture |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/intensive-agriculture |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624184604/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9042533/intensive-agriculture |archive-date=24 June 2008 |access-date=19 November 2019 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> === Dipharologanyo tsa tlholego === Baitseanape ba maranyane ba dumalana gore go nna teng ga sekaka mo lefelong le sekaka sa Sahara se leng mo go lone jaanong ke ka ntlha ya dipharologanyo tsa tlholego tsa letsatsi ka ntlha ya go dikologa ga Lefatshe. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tierney |first=Jessica E. |last2=Pausata |first2=Francesco S. R. |last3=deMenocal |first3=Peter B. |date=6 January 2017 |title=Rainfall regimes of the Green Sahara |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |bibcode=2017SciA....3E1503T |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1601503 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=5242556 |pmid=28116352 |article-number=e1601503}}</ref> Dipharologanyo tse di tshwanang le tse di tlhotlheletsa maatla a Monsoon ya Aforika Bophirima, mo go bakang gore dimela di fetoge gape le go ntsha lerole le le di godisang go gefoga fa seemo sa loapi, pula e na gape go tla go nna le komelelo mo Sahara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pausata |first=Francesco S. R. |last2=Messori |first2=Gabriele |last3=Zhang |first3=Qiong |date=15 January 2016 |title=Impacts of dust reduction on the northward expansion of the African monsoon during the Green Sahara period |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |language=en |volume=434 |pages=298–307 |bibcode=2016E&PSL.434..298P |doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2015.11.049 |issn=0012-821X |doi-access=free}}</ref> Gape go na le kakanyo ya gore phetogo ya Sahara go tswa mo savanna go ya kwa sekakeng ka nako ya bogareng jwa Holocene e ne e le ka bontlhabongwe ka ntlheng ya go fulwa go feta selekanyo ke dikgomo tsa baagi ba lefelo le. <ref name="Humans as Agents in the Termination of the African Humid Period">{{Cite journal |last=K. Wright |first=David |last2=Rull |first2=Valenti |last3=Roberts |first3=Richard |last4=Marchant |first4=Rob |last5=Gil-Romera |first5=Graciela |date=26 January 2017 |title=Humans as Agents in the Termination of the African Humid Period |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=5 |page=4 |bibcode=2017FrEaS...5....4W |doi=10.3389/feart.2017.00004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Baitseanape ba tsweletse ka go ithuta dikgaolo tse di botlhokwa, ba netefatsa gore ditiro tsa batho le boitekanelo jwa mmu di kopanela le mabaka a bosa jaaka dilo tse ditona tse di nang le seabe mo go nneng sekaka ga lefelo. Mo Sekakeng sa Mu Us, boitekanelo jwa mmu bo dira 37% ya ditiragalo tsa go nna sekaka fa ditiro tsa bosa le tsa batho di dira go lwantsha tiragalo e ka 46% le 17%, ka go latelana. Go nna sekaka mo teng ga Mongolia go tlhaolwa ka 24% ya mabaka a tsa bosa le 34.7% ya melemo ya mmu mo tikologong e yotlhe. Shaanxi ke sekai se se ganetsenang se mo go sone mabaka a bosa a berekang kgatlhanong le go nna sekaka mme mmu o one o gakatsa seemo, mo go supang ditlhotlheletso tse di farologaneng tsa mabaka a tlholego go tsamaya ka dikgaolo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Jiaying |last2=Li |first2=Yu |last3=Wang |first3=Xuhui |last4=Ma |first4=Zhongxu |date=22 October 2024 |title=Exploring the Spatial-Temporal Patterns, Drivers, and Response Strategies of Desertification in the Mu Us Desert from Multiple Regional Perspectives |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=16 |issue=21 |pages=9154 |bibcode=2024Sust...16.9154L |doi=10.3390/su16219154 |issn=2071-1050 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Phetogo ya seemo sa loapi === Dipatlisiso ka ga go fetoga ga legelo go nna sekaka di farologane, mme ga go na seelo se le sengwe se se ka tlhalosang dintlha tsotlhe. Le fa go ntse jalo, phetogo e e tseneletseng ya seemo sa bosa e santse e solofetswe go oketsa mafelo a a omeletseng mo dikontinenteng tsa Lefatshe: go tswa go 38% kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la dingwaga la bomasome mabedi go ya go 50% kgotsa 56% kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la dingwaga, ka fa tlase ga Ditsela tsa Boemedi tsa "mo bogareng" le tse di thuthafetseng thata tsa dipalo 4.5 le 8.5. Bontsi jwa katoloso bo tla bonwa mo dikgaolong tse di tshwanang le "borwabophirima jwa Amerika Bokone, ntlha e e kwa bokone jwa Aforika, borwa jwa Aforika, le Australia". <ref name=":52"/> Dikgaolo tse di omeletseng di tsere 41% ya moalo jwa lefatshe mme di akaretsa 45% ya lefatshe la temothuo mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Dikgaolo tse di gareng ga dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tse di mo kotsing thata ya phetogo ya [[Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi|seemo sa loapi]] le tiriso ya lefatshe e e bakiwang ke batho ka jalo di mo kotsing ya go fetoga sekaka. Thutopatlisiso e e ikaegileng ka go lebelela seemo ya go nna sekaka ga mafelo e ne ya dirwa ka 2020 mme e ne ya tlhalosa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, go fetogafetoga ga seemo sa loapi, menontshane ya CO2 mmogo le diphetogo tsa tikologo tse di bakiwang ke tiriso ya lefatshe ka iketlo le ka bonako. <ref name="Burrell" /> Thutopatlisiso e e ne ya bona gore, magareng ga 1982 le 2015, 6% ya mafatshe a a omeletseng a lefatshe a ne a fetoga go nna sekaka mo go bakilweng ke mekgwa ya tiriso ya lefatshe e e senang tswelelopele e e neng e okeditswe ke phetogo ya seemo sa loapi e e bakiwang ke batho. Le fa go nna tala ga lefatshe ka bophara go le teng, phetogo ya seemo sa loapi e e bakiwang ke batho e digile boleng jwa lefatshe ka 12.6% ( 5.43 milione ya km <sup>2</sup> ) mo nageng e e omeletseng eo, mo go nang le seabe mo go fetogeng ga naga go nna sekaka le go ama batho ba le didikadike di le makgolo a mabedi le lesome le boraro , 93% ya bone e le ba ba nnang mo diitsholelong tse di santseng tlhabologang . <ref name="Burrell" /> === Temothuo le ditiro tsa temothuo === Ditiro tsa temothuo jaaka go fudisa go feta selekanyo di baka go nna sekaka ga lefelo. Mo tirong e ya temothuo, diruiwa tse di tshwanang le dikgomo di letlelelwa go fula mo karolong ya lefatshe e le nngwe ka nako e telele ntle le go jala bojang go busetsa jo bo fudilweng. Ka ntlha ya se, lefatshe le nna lebala fela, mo go dirang gore le betswe ke mogoten o o tswang mo letsatsing o o dirang gore le thatafale, phefo e e bokete gape le yone e dira gore lefatshe le latlhegelwe ke dikotla tsa lone. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Otterman |first=Joseph |date=1974-11-08 |title=Baring High-Albedo Soils by Overgrazing: A Hypothesized Desertification Mechanism |url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.186.4163.531 |journal=Science |volume=186 |issue=4163 |pages=531–533 |doi=10.1126/science.186.4163.531 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> Go lemolola mmu go feta selekanyo le go jwala mofuta o le mongwe wa semela ke ditiro tse dingwe tsa temothuo tse di bakang go nna sekaka ga lefelo mo Aforika. Go jala semela se le sengwe kgapetsakgapetsa mo lefatsheng le le lengwe go ntsha dikotla tse di botlhokwa mo lefatsheng. Fa mmu o setse o fedile boleng, o latlhegelwa ke menontshane ya one ya tlholego le bokgoni jwa go boloka bokgola, mme se se dire gore mmu o thatafale le go phanyega. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2011-12-30 |title=Desertification, its Causes and why it Matters |url=https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119977759.ch1 |journal=Desertification, Land Degradation and Sustainability |pages=3–39 |doi=10.1002/9781119977759.ch1}}</ref> == Ditlamorago == === Ditsuatsue tsa motlhaba le lerole === [[File:SHB-Red-Dust.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Borogo jwa Boemadikepe jwa Sydney jo bo khurumeditsweng ke lerole]] Go nnile le koketsego ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong (25%) ya lerole mo lefatsheng e le dipalo tsa ngwaga le ngwaga magareng ga bokhutlo jwa ngwagakgolo wa bolesomeleboferabongwe go fitlha gompieno. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stanelle |first=Tanja |last2=Bey |first2=Isabelle |last3=Raddatz |first3=Thomas |last4=Reick |first4=Christian |last5=Tegen |first5=Ina |date=16 December 2014 |title=Anthropogenically induced changes in twentieth century mineral dust burden and the associated impact on radiative forcing |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |language=en |volume=119 |issue=23 |pages=13,526–13,546 |bibcode=2014JGRD..11913526S |doi=10.1002/2014JD022062 |hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-0024-A9A2-C |s2cid=128663108 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Koketsego ya go nna sekaka ga mafelo gape go okeditse selekanyo sa motlhaba o o motlhofo le lerole le phefo e ka le tsayang la felela le nna setsuatsue. Ka sekai, ditsuatsue tsa lerole kwa Botlhabagare "di nna kgapetsakgapetsa le go nna maatla mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana" ka gore "phokotsego ya pula ya paka e telele [e baka] bokgola jo bo kwa tlase jwa mmu le phokotsego ya khurumetso ya dimela ". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Namdari |first=Soodabeh |last2=Karimi |first2=Neamat |last3=Sorooshian |first3=Armin |last4=Mohammadi |first4=GholamHasan |last5=Sehatkashani |first5=Saviz |date=1 January 2018 |title=Impacts of climate and synoptic fluctuations on dust storm activity over the Middle East |journal=Atmospheric Environment |volume=173 |pages=265–276 |bibcode=2018AtmEn.173..265N |doi=10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.016 |issn=1352-2310 |pmc=6192056 |pmid=30344444}}</ref> Difefo tsa lerole di ka nna le seabe mo malwetseng mangwe a go hema jaaka nyumonia, malwetsi a letlalo, khupelo le a mangwe a mantsi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goudie |first=Andrew S. |date=1 February 2014 |title=Desert dust and human health disorders |journal=Environment International |volume=63 |pages=101–113 |bibcode=2014EnInt..63..101G |doi=10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.011 |issn=0160-4120 |pmid=24275707}}</ref> Di ka kgotlela metswedi ya metsi e e bulegileng , tsa fokotsa go atlega ga maiteko a lookwane/maatla a a phepa, le go emisa bontsi jwa mefuta ya dipalamo. Ditsuatsue tsa lerole le motlhaba di ka nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo seemong sa loapi mo go ka dirang gore go nna sekaka ga lefelo go nne maswe le go feta. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hu |first=Tiantian |last2=Wu |first2=Di |last3=Li |first3=Yaohui |last4=Wang |first4=Chenghai |date=28 March 2017 |title=The Effects of Sandstorms on the Climate of Northwestern China |journal=Advances in Meteorology |language=en |volume=2017 |issue=1 |bibcode=2017AdMet201735609H |doi=10.1155/2017/4035609 |issn=1687-9309 |doi-access=free |article-number=e4035609}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wu |first=Yao |last2=Wen |first2=Bo |last3=Li |first3=Shanshan |last4=Guo |first4=Yuming |date=1 June 2021 |title=Sand and dust storms in Asia: a call for global cooperation on climate change |journal=The Lancet Planetary Health |language=English |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=e329–e330 |bibcode=2021LanPH...5.e329W |doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00082-6 |issn=2542-5196 |pmid=33915087 |s2cid=233460168 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Dikarolwana tsa lerole mo phefong di phatlalatsa marang a a tsenang go tswa mo letsatsing (Hassan, 2012). Lerole le le ka dira khurumetso ya nakwana ya mogote yo o fa fatshe mme fela mogote wa lefaufau one o tla oketsega. Se se ka senya le go khutshwafatsa botshelo jwa maru se se ka felelang se baka pula e e nnye. <ref name=":52"/> === Go tlhoka go tsepama ga seemo sa go nna teng ga dijo === Go nna le dijo mo lefatsheng lotlhe go tshosediwa ke go fetoga ga naga go nna sekaka. Fa palo ya batho e gola, go tshwanetse ga jalwa dijo tse dintsi . Kgwebo ya temothuo e fudusiwa go tswa mo lefatsheng le lengwe go ya kwa go le lengwe. Sekai, Yuropa ka palogare e reka dijo tsa bone di feta sephatlo mo lekgolong go tswa kwa ntle. Mme jalo, 44% ya lefatshe la temothuo le fitlhelwa mo mafatsheng a a omeletseng mme a tlamela ka 60% ya dijo tsa lefatshe lotlhe ka bophara. Go fetoga ga mafelo go nna sekaka go fokotsa selekanyo sa lefatshe le le nang le tswelelopele la tiriso ya temothuo mme letlhoko la dijalo le tsweletse ka go gola. Mo isagong e e gaufi, letlhoko le tlaa feta thobo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=WAD {{!}} World Atlas of Desertification |url=https://wad.jrc.ec.europa.eu/globalagriculture |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209170553/https://wad.jrc.ec.europa.eu/globalagriculture |archive-date=9 December 2019 |access-date=19 November 2019 |website=wad.jrc.ec.europa.eu}}</ref> Dikgotlhang tse di maswe tsa badisa le balemibarui kwa Nigeria, Sudan, Mali le mafatshe a mangwe mo kgaolong ya Sahel di gakaditswe ke [[Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi|phetogo ya seemo sa loapi]], go senyega ga lefatshe le kgolo ya palo ya batho . <ref>{{Cite news|date=22 January 2019|title=The battle on the frontline of climate change in Mali|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/the-reporters-46921487|access-date=18 December 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=6 August 2018|title=Farmer-Herder Conflicts on the Rise in Africa|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/farmer-herder-conflicts-rise-africa|access-date=18 December 2021}}</ref> === Koketsego ya lehuma === [[File:Soil_erosion,_Southfield_-_geograph.org.uk_-_367917.jpg|thumb|Kgothego ya mmu kwa ntle ga Leuchars]] Palo e ka nna 90% ya baagi ba mafatshe a a omeletseng ba nna mo mafatsheng a a santseng a tlhabologa, a mo go one gape ba sokolang ka ntlha ya maemo a a bokoa a itsholelo le lefatshe. <ref name=":9"/> Seemo se se gakadiwa ke go latlhegelwa ke boleng jwa lefatshe ka ntlha ya phokotsego ya bokgoni jwa lone jwa go ungwa, go sa tlhomamang ga maemo a botshelo le bothata jwa go fitlhelela metswedi le ditshono tsa go fetola diemo tse. Mafatshe a a sa tlhabologang ka bontsi a amiwa ke seemo sa go fudisa go feta selekanyo, go lapa ga lefatshe le go ntsha metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe go feta selekanyo ka ntlha ya dikgatelelo tsa go dirisa mafelo a a omeletseng a a kwa thoko go dira temothuo. Batsaa ditshwetso ga ba rate go beeletsa mo dikgaolong tse di omeletseng tse di nang le bokgoni jo bo kwa tlase. Go tlhoka dipeeletso mo go dira gore dikgaolo tse di kgaphelwe kwa thoko. Fa diemo tse di siamang tsa temothuo-seemo sa loapi di kopanngwa le go tlhoka mafaratlhatlha le phitlhelelo ya mebaraka, ga mmogo le mekgwa ya go lema dijo e e sa tlwaelesegang sentle le setšhaba se se sa jesiweng sentle gape se se sa rutegang sentle, bontsi jwa dikgaolo tse di ntseng jaana di kgaphelwa thoko mo tlhabololong. <ref name="csf-desertification.org">{{Cite web |title=Cornet A., 2002. Desertification and its relationship to the environment and development: a problem that affects us all. In: Ministère des Affaires étrangères/adpf, Johannesburg. World Summit on Sustainable Development. 2002. What is at stake? The contribution of scientists to the debate: 91–125.. |url=http://www.csf-desertification.org/index.php/bibliotheque/doc_details/119-cornet-antoine-2002-desertification-and-its-relationship-to-the-environment-and-development |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809142606/http://www.csf-desertification.org/index.php/bibliotheque/doc_details/119-cornet-antoine-2002-desertification-and-its-relationship-to-the-environment-and-development |archive-date=9 August 2009}}</ref> Go fetoga ga lefelo go nna sekaka gantsi go dira gore mafelo a a kwa magaeng a se ka a kgona go tshegetsa palo ya batho e e tshwanang le ya pele e e neng e nna gone mo lefelong. Se se felela se baka khudugo ya bontsi mo tswa mo magaeng go ya kwa ditoropong segolobogolo mo Aforika mo go dirang letlhoko la ditiro le mekhukhu . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Pasternak, Dov |year=2001 |title=Combating desertification with plants |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B-i8-DPf6xgC&pg=PA20 |last2=Schlissel, Arnold |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-306-46632-8 |page=20 |access-date=16 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730161050/https://books.google.com/books?id=B-i8-DPf6xgC&pg=PA20 |archive-date=30 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Briassoulis, Helen |year=2005 |title=Policy integration for complex environmental problems: the example of Mediterranean desertification |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CpYnV45hVRsC&pg=PA161 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-0-7546-4243-5 |page=161 |access-date=16 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730161052/https://books.google.com/books?id=CpYnV45hVRsC&pg=PA161 |archive-date=30 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Palo ya batshabi ba ba diemo tsa tikologo e a gola ngwaga le ngwaga, mme diponelopele tsa Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara di bontsha koketsego e e ka nnang teng go tswa mo didikadikeng di le lesome le bone ka 2010 go ya go didikadike di ka nna makgolo a mabedi ka 2050. Se se dira mathata kwa pele mo kgaolong e, ka gore ditšhaba tse di mabapi ga di na bokgoni jwa go tshegetsa palo ya batho ba le bantsi ya batshabi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Myers |first=Norman |date=29 April 2002 |title=Environmental refugees: a growing phenomenon of the 21st century |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |volume=357 |issue=1420 |pages=609–613 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2001.0953 |pmc=1692964 |pmid=12028796}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Epule |first=Terence Epule |last2=Peng |first2=Changhui |last3=Lepage |first3=Laurent |date=5 February 2014 |title=Environmental refugees in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of perspectives on the trends, causes, challenges and way forward |journal=GeoJournal |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=79–92 |bibcode=2015GeoJo..80...79E |doi=10.1007/s10708-014-9528-z |s2cid=154503204}}</ref> Kwa Mongolia, 90% ya lefatshe ke le le omileng le le bokoa, se se dirang gore badisa ba le bantsi ba fudugele kwa toropong go ya go bereka. Ka ditsompelo tse di lekanyeditsweng thata, badisa ba ba nnang mo lefatsheng le le omeletseng ba fudisa ka kelotlhoko thata gore ba kgone go somarela lefatshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2018 |title=Mongolia's nomadic way of life under threat |url=https://gulfnews.com/lifestyle/mongolias-nomadic-way-of-life-under-threat-1.2259998 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=gulfnews.com |language=en}}</ref> Temothuo ke nngwe ya metswedi e megolo ya lotseno mo merafeng ya banni ba sekaka mo Aforika. Koketsego ya go nna sekaka ga mafelo mo dikgaolong tse go sentse lefatshe mo e leng gore batho ga ba tlhole ba kgona go lema le go rua ka tsela e e nang le thobo le go dira dipoelo. Se se amile itsholelo ka tsela e e sa siamang le go oketsa seelo sa lehuma. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stringer |first=Lindsay C. |last2=Dyer |first2=Jen C. |last3=Reed |first3=Mark S. |last4=Dougill |first4=Andrew J. |last5=Twyman |first5=Chasca |last6=Mkwambisi |first6=David |year=2009 |title=Adaptations to climate change, drought and desertification: local insights to enhance policy in southern Africa |journal=Environmental Science & Policy |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=748–765 |bibcode=2009ESPol..12..748S |doi=10.1016/j.envsci.2009.04.002}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le go oketsega ga bobueledi jwa lefatshe ka bophara, sekai ba UN SDG 15 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Goal 15 targets |url=https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-15-life-on-land/targets.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904001634/https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-15-life-on-land/targets.html |archive-date=4 September 2017 |access-date=24 September 2020 |website=UNDP |language=en}}</ref> go lwantsha go fetoga ga mafelo go nna sekaka le go buseletsa mafatshe a a setseng a amegile. == Mafelo a amegileng == Mafelo a a omeletseng a tsaya mo e ka nnang 40–41% ya kgaolo ya lefatshe lotlhe mme ke magae a batho ba ka feta dibilione di le pedi. <ref name=":4">{{Cite book |date=2006 |title=Governing global desertification: linking environmental degradation, poverty and participation |publisher=Ashgate [u.a.] |isbn=978-0-7546-4359-3 |editor-last=Johnson |editor-first=Pierre-Marc |series=Global environmental governance series |location=Aldershot |editor-last2=Johnson |editor-first2=Pierre Marc}}</ref> Go nnile le palo kakanyetso ya gore mo e ka nnang 10–20% ya mafelo a a omeletseng a setse a latlhegetswe ke boleng, lefelo lotlhe le le amilweng ke go fetoga sekaka ga mafelo le fa gare ga disekwerekhilomithara di le didikadike di le thataro le lesome le bobedi, gore mo e ka nnang 1–6% ya banni ba mafelo a a omeletseng ba nna mo mafelong a a sekaka, le gore batho ba le bilione ba mo kotsing ya go nna fa go fetogelang go nna sekaka go ya pele. <ref name="holtz">{{Cite web |date=10 October 2017 |title=UNCCD: Impact and role of drylands |url=https://www.unccd.int/un-decade-deserts-and-fight-against-desertification-impact-and-role-drylands |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107121026/https://www.unccd.int/un-decade-deserts-and-fight-against-desertification-impact-and-role-drylands |archive-date=7 November 2019 |access-date=7 November 2019 |website=UNCCD}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=World Bank |year=2009 |title=Gender in agriculture sourcebook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxBrq6hTs_UC&pg=PA454 |publisher=World Bank Publications |isbn=978-0-8213-7587-7 |page=454 |access-date=16 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730160546/https://books.google.com/books?id=XxBrq6hTs_UC&pg=PA454 |archive-date=30 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> === Sahel === Ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya loapi le ditiro tsa batho mo go fetogeng sekaka ga lefelo di bonala mo kgaolong ya Sahel ya Aforika. Kgaolo e e tlhaolwa ka seemo sa loapi se se omeletseng go le mogote thata, dipalo tsa mogote tse di kwa godimo le pula e e kwa tlase (100–600&nbsp;mm ka ngwaga). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nicholson |first=Sharon E. |date=17 February 2013 |title=The West African Sahel: A Review of Recent Studies on the Rainfall Regime and Its Interannual Variability |journal=International Scholarly Research Notices |language=en |volume=2013 |doi=10.1155/2013/453521 |doi-access=free |article-number=e453521}}</ref> Ka jalo, komelelo e a laola mo kgaolong ya Sahel. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Riebeek |first=Holli |date=3 January 2007 |title=Defining Desertification: Feature Articles |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Desertification/desertification2.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201211259/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Desertification/desertification2.php |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=30 November 2016 |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov}}</ref> Sahel e latlhegetswe ke lefatshe le ka nna botona jwa ba 650 000&nbsp;km <sup>2</sup> ya lefatshe la yone la temothuo le le nang le dipoelo mo dingwageng di le 50 tse di fetileng; go anama ga go nna sekaka mo lefelong le go bonala thata. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nicholson |first=S. E. |last2=Tucker |first2=C. J. |last3=Ba |first3=M. B. |date=1 May 1998 |title=Desertification, Drought, and Surface Vegetation: An Example from the West African Sahel |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=79 |issue=5 |pages=815–830 |bibcode=1998BAMS...79..815N |doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0815:DDASVA>2.0.CO;2 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Land Resource Stresses and Desertification in Africa |url=https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/use/?cid=nrcs142p2_054025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401055308/https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/use/?cid=nrcs142p2_054025 |archive-date=1 April 2022 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=United States Department of Agriculture}}</ref> [[File:Village_Telly_in_Mali.jpg|thumb|Kgaolo ya Sahel ya Mali]] Seemo sa loapi sa Sahara se nnile le diphetogo tse dikgolo mo dingwageng di le dikete di le makgolo tse di fetileng, <ref name="Lakes">{{Cite journal |last=Kevin White |last2=David J. Mattingly |year=2006 |title=Ancient Lakes of the Sahara |journal=American Scientist |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=58–65 |doi=10.1511/2006.57.983}}</ref> se fetogafetoga fa gare ga go metsi (naga ya bojang) le go omelela (sekaka) dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le dikete di le masome a mabedi, <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Jennifer Chu|date=2 January 2019|title=A "pacemaker" for North African climate|url=http://news.mit.edu/2019/study-regulating-north-african-climate-0102|access-date=20 January 2020|publisher=MIT News}}</ref> (tiragalo e go dumelwa gore e bakilwe ke diphetogo tsa nako e telele mo Seemong sa loapi sa Aforika Bokone, se se fetolang tsela ya Monsooni wa Aforika Bokone , mo e ka nnang ga dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mane, mo go one go sekama ga axis ya lefatshe go fetogang fa gare ga 22° le 24,5°). <ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite book |last=Houérou |first=Henry N. |date=10 December 2008 |title=Bioclimatology and Biogeography of Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Rvs7NkfeLEC&q=Sahara+rainfall+virtually+zero&pg=PA16 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-540-85192-9 |language=en |access-date=11 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730160547/https://books.google.com/books?id=_Rvs7NkfeLEC&q=Sahara+rainfall+virtually+zero&pg=PA16 |archive-date=30 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Dipalopalo dingwe di supile gore, fa e sale ka 1900, Sahara e atologile ka dikholomithara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano go ya kwa borwa mo godimo ga karolo ya lefatshe mme go tswa kwa bophirima go ya kwa botlhaba ka dikete di le thataro tsa dikholomithara ka boleele. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Christian Bouquet |date=December 2017 |title=Le Sahara entre ses deux rives. Éléments de délimitation par la géohistoire d'un espace de contraintes |url=http://geoconfluences.ens-lyon.fr/informations-scientifiques/dossiers-regionaux/afrique-dynamiques-regionales/articles-scientifiques/sahara-entre-deux-rives |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210001607/http://geoconfluences.ens-lyon.fr/informations-scientifiques/dossiers-regionaux/afrique-dynamiques-regionales/articles-scientifiques/sahara-entre-deux-rives |archive-date=10 February 2022 |access-date=25 January 2018 |website=Géoconfluences |quote=Mais il aurait progressé de 250 km vers le sud depuis 1900 (Mainguet, 2003), et dépasserait donc 9 millions de km² soit 30 % de la superficie totale du continent africain.}}</ref> Letsha la Chad, le le mo kgaolong ya Sahel, le ile la kgala ka ntlha ya go gogwa ga metsi mo go lone go nosetsa le go fokotsega ga selekanyo sa pula. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Okpara |first=Uche T. |last2=Stringer |first2=Lindsay C. |last3=Dougill |first3=Andrew J. |date=November 2016 |title=Lake drying and livelihood dynamics in Lake Chad: Unravelling the mechanisms, contexts and responses |journal=Ambio |volume=45 |issue=7 |pages=781–795 |bibcode=2016Ambio..45..781O |doi=10.1007/s13280-016-0805-6 |pmc=5055484 |pmid=27371137}}</ref> Letsha le le ngotlegile ka go feta 90% fa e sale ka 1987, mme se sa fudusa didikadike tsa banni. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jiang |first=Ingrid |date=12 August 2022 |title=A Remarkable Size Shrinking in Lake Chad |url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/e63a90f8552d4e5f98f4c56a56c06f9d |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=ArcGIS StoryMaps |language=en-ca |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002062620/https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/e63a90f8552d4e5f98f4c56a56c06f9d |url-status=dead }}</ref> Maiteko a mo bosheng a kgonne go dira kgatelopele nngwe mo go tsosoloseng go le buseletsa mme go sa ntse go tsewa fa le le mo kotsing ya go nyelela gotlhelele. <ref name="Remote sensing appraisal of Lake Ch">{{Cite journal |last=Onamuti |first=Olapeju Y. |last2=Okogbue |first2=Emmanuel C. |last3=Orimoloye |first3=Israel R. |date=8 November 2017 |title=Remote sensing appraisal of Lake Chad shrinkage connotes severe impacts on green economics and socio-economics of the catchment area |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=4 |issue=11 |bibcode=2017RSOS....471120O |doi=10.1098/rsos.171120 |pmc=5717671 |pmid=29291097 |doi-access=free |article-number=171120}}</ref> Go fokotsa go nna sekakaga mafelo, letsholo la Great Green Wall (Aforika) le ne la simololwa ka 2007 mme le ne le akaretsa go jala dimela mo karolong e e ka nnang dikholomithara di le dikete di le bosupa le makgolo a le bosupa le masome a masupa le botlhano (7 775 .&nbsp;km), dikholomithara di le lesome le botlhano ka bophara, go akaretswa mo lenaneong le mafatshe a le masome a mabedi le bobedi go fitlha ka 2030. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Great Green Wall Initiative |url=https://www.unccd.int/our-work/ggwi |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=UNCCD |language=en}}</ref> Maikaelelo a letsholo le ke tona le la go jala dimela ke go tokafatsa go boloka metsi mo mmung morago ga pula ya paka, ka jalo go rotloetsa tsosoloso ya lefatshe le temothuo ya mo bokamosong. [[Senegal]] e setse e tsentse letsogo mo lenaneong le ka go jala ditlhare tsa diheketara di le dikete di le masome a matlhano. Go bolelwa fa se se tokafaditse boleng jwa lefatshe le go baka koketsego ya tshono ya go gola ga itsholelo mo kgaolong e. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Great Green Wall &#124; National Geographic Society |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/great-green-wall/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222164123/https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/great-green-wall/ |archive-date=22 December 2022 |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> == Aforika == [[File:View_over_Bani_-_Sahel_Region_-_Burkina_Faso.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Bani - Kgaolo ya Sahel - Burkina Faso]] === Kgaolo ya Sahel === Sahel, e leng kgaolo ya dikholomithara di dikete di le tlhano le makgolo a le mane e tsanaisana le phetogo ya seemo sa loapi sa Sekaka sa Sahara le dikgwa tse di bokgola tsa Sudan, e emela ngwe ya dikgaolo tsa lefatshe tse di ka tlhaselwang ke go fetoga sekaka ga lefelo ka bofefo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 12, 2026 |title=Case Study: Drought and Desertification in the Sahel |url=https://simplestudy.com/ie/leaving-cert/geography/revision-notes/option-atmosphere-ocean/climate-characteristics-and-economic-development/case-study-drought-and-desertification-in-the-sahel |access-date=June 19, 2026 |publisher=SimpleStudy}}</ref> Go ya ka dipelo go tswa kwa Lenaneong la Tikologo la Ditšhabakopano (UNEP), go senyega ga tikologo le go nna sekaka go ama mo e ka nnang 45% ya karolo yotlhe ya lefatshe mo teng ga Sahel, e leng mo e ka nnang disekwerekhilomithara di le didikadike di le 2.43 tsa lefatshe le le senyegileng. Dilo tse di bakang go nna sekaka kwa Sahel ke ditiro tsa batho le seemo sa loapi. Le fa dipalo tsa mogote mo kgaolong e di ile tsa oketsega ka 0,5°C go ya go 1,5°C mo lekgolong le le fetileng la dingwaga—tse di bakileng dipaka tse di sa tlhomamang thata tsa dipula tsa monsoon—go oketsega ga palo ya batho go ile ga oketsa kgatelelo ya tikologo le gone. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Re-Greening of the Sahel |url=https://adaptation.climate.columbia.edu/content/re-greening-sahel |access-date=June 19, 2026 |publisher=Columbia Climate School}}</ref> Ka palo ya batho ba kgaolo e e akanyediwang go atologa thata ka 2050, letlhoko la lefatshe le le ka lengwang le la go rua le dirile gore go feta 70% ya mafulo a Sahel a fulwe thata le 80% ya mafatshe a temothuo a itemogele go fokotsega mo go tseneletseng ga dikotla. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 3, 2026 |title=Desertification - Sahel case study |url=https://www.green.earth/blog/desertification-sahel-case-study |access-date=June 19, 2026 |publisher=Green Earth}}</ref> Tatlhegelo e ya khurumetso ya dimela e dira gore mmu o o senang sepe o amiwe ke diphefo tse di omileng tsa Harmattan, mme se se itlhaganedisa go atologa go ya kwa borwa, maemo a go fetoga sekaka se se omileng thata. Dikgato tsa go lwantsha se, segolobogolo letsholo la Great Green Wall, di ikaelela go busetsa diheketara di le didikadike di le lekgolo tsa lefatshe le le senyegileng le ka 2030. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Desertification in Africa: Causes, Effects and Solutions |url=https://earth.org/desertification-in-africa/ |access-date=June 19, 2026 |publisher=Earth.org}}</ref> == Dithutopatlisiso == === Sahel === Mo kgaolong ya Sahel—e e simololang kwa Senegal go ya kwa Chad—go nna sekaka ga legelo go bakwa thata ke kgatelelo e e tseneletseng ya batho e kopantswe le go fetofetoga ga seelo sa pula. Dithutopatlisiso tsa tikologo tsa mo bosheng di supa gore go latlhegelwa ke boleng ga lefatshe mo kgaolong e ke ga popego e bile go a oketsega. <ref>{{Citation|last=Osborne|first=Chetwynd|title=Achieving Land Degradation Neutrality through Active Restoration|date=2021-08-12|work=World Environment Day 2021: Essay Series on United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021-2030|pages=13–15|url=https://doi.org/10.52377/mxya1412|access-date=2026-06-19|publisher=Journal of Academic Research and Essays}}</ref> * '''Selekanyo sa go latlhegelwa ke boleng:''' Go ya ka tshedimosetso go tswa kwa Lenaneong la Tikologo la Ditšhabakopano (UNEP), go feta 45% ya kgaolo ya lefatshe kwa Sahel e amiwa thata ke go fetoga lefelo go nna sekaka, mme mo e ka nnang 80% ya masimo a temothuo a kgaolo e a setswe a laotswe gore a latlhegetswe ke boleng. * '''Go Sutela kwa Borwa (Mafelo a Nigeria a a kwa Pele):''' Kwa "mafelong a a kwa pele" a bokonebotlhaba jwa Nigeria (a a tshwanang le lefelo la Yobe), Sekaka sa Sahara se tsenelela kwa borwa. Tshedimosetso ya go tlhotlhomisa go tswa kgakala e bontsha gore go anama ga dithota tsa motlhaba go oketsegile go menagane go nna gabedi mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di sa tswang go feta, go ya kwa tlase ka seelo sa palo kakanyetso ya dikholomithara di le 0.6 ka ngwaga le go feta diheketara di ka nna dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano le bongwe tsa lefatshe la dijalo ka ngwaga. * '''Ditiro tsa batho tse di bakamg go fetiga sekaka ga lefelo tsa konokono:''' Le fa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e na le seabe, dithutopatlisiso mo mafelong ao di supa gore kgolo ya palo ya batho, lehuma la itsholelo le mekgwa mengwe ya temothuo e e tseneletseng ke tsone tse di dirang gore lefelo e nne sekaka ka bofefo. Go fudisa go feta selekanyo fela ka bo gone go dira mo e ka nnang 58% ya tshenyego ya lefatshe go ralala dikgaolo tse di omeletseng go le se kae, ka dipalopalo tsa leruo di apola khurumetso ya dimela tse di sireletsang mmu ka bonako go feta ka fa dimela tse di boang gape di gola ka bo tsone. === Lenaka la Aforika === Kwa Botlhaba jwa Lenaka la Afrika (bogolo jang Somalia, Ethiopia le Kenya), go nna sekaka ga mafelo go ile ga fefoswa thata ke diemo tsa seemo sa loapi tse di iseng di ko di nne teng e bile di latelana, e se ka ntlheng ya ditiro tsa batho fela. <ref>{{Citation|last=Osborne|first=Chetwynd|title=Achieving Land Degradation Neutrality through Active Restoration|date=2021-08-12|work=World Environment Day 2021: Essay Series on United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021-2030|pages=13–15|url=https://doi.org/10.52377/mxya1412|access-date=2026-06-19|publisher=Journal of Academic Research and Essays}}</ref> * '''Kgakgamatso ya seemo sa bosa ya dingwaga di le masome a masupa:''' Magareng ga 2020 le 2023, kgaolo e e ne ya nna le leuba le le sa tlwaelesegang mo ditsong la dingwaga di le dintsi le le neng le bakwa ke tiragalo ya La Niña e e neng ya tswelela dingwaga di le tharo. Se se ne sa felela ka gore go nne le dipaka tsa pula di le tlhano tse di latelanang tse di sa atlegang—e leng paka e e maswe go gaisa tsotlhe ya komelelo e e tsereng nako e telele mo kgaolo e e kileng ya gatisiwa mo dingwageng di le masome a masupa tse di fetileng. * '''Bokete jwa go sa sireletsega ga lefatshe:''' Go tlhaela ga bokgola jwa mmu mo go feteletseng go dirile gore dimela di swe ka bonako. Kwa Somalia, mo e ka nnang 49% ya lefatshe lotlhe mo bogompienong e itemogela go senyega ga tikologo mo go fa gare, fa 30% e arogantswe jaaka e e senyegileng thata mme e fetogela ka bonako go nna sekaka sa sennela ruri. * '''Tsa itsholelo ya batho:''' Mekgatlho e e elang tlhoko diemo tsa tikologo di bolela gore ka nako ya leuba/komeleo e e kwa godimo yeo, go feta 95% ya matsha a mannye a metsi a a kwa godimo ga lefatshe a ne a kgala mo dikgaolong tse di omeletseng. Se se ne sa pateletsa merafe ya badisa go tsamaya sekgala se se fa gare ga dikholomithara di le 8.6 le 17.6 go batla metswedi ya metsi e e ka dirisiwang, e e emelang koketsego ya 38% go feta palogare mo ditsong. * '''Tse di fefosang gore go nne le komelelo:''' Go ya ka ditso, dikomelelo tse di tona mo Lenakeng la Aforika di ne di diragala mo go ka nnang gangwe mo dingwageng dingwe le dingwe di le thataro. Fa e sa le ka 2005, dipalo tse di oketsegile go menagane go nna gabedi; dikomelelo tse di feteletseng jaanong di a ipoeletsa gangwe mo dingwageng dingwe le dingwe di le tharo, mme se ga se fe mmu yo o fa godimo nako e e lekaneng go buseletsa menontshane ya one ya tlholego kgotsa go boloka dikotla. === Tshwantshanyo ya Dikgaolo === Lenaneo le le latelang le farologanya tse di bakang go fetoga sekaka ga lefelo le ditlamorago tsa go latlhegelwa ke boleng ga lefatshe go ralala dikgaolo ka bobedi : <ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Release: World AIDS Day - 2014 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-5133-2014042 |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Human Rights Documents online}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Tshwantshanyo ya Diphetogo tsa go Nna Sekaka ga lefelo !Kgaolo !Lebaka la konokono !Dipalo !Ditlamorago tsa Konokono |- |'''Sahel''' |Ditiro tsa batho (Go fudisa go feta selekanyo, temothuo e e tseneletseng, kgatelelo ya palo ya batho) |masome a le boferabobedi mo lekgolong (80%) ya masimo a a senyegile kana a latlhegetswe ke boleng |Go tsenelela ga dithota tsa motlhaba go ya kwa borwa ka 0.6 km ngwaga le ngwaga |- |'''Lenaka la Aforika''' |Diemo tsa bosa tse di maswe thata (Komelelo e e ipoeletsang ya dingwaga di le dintsi, La Niña) |tshenyo ya masome a le mararo mo lekgolong (30%) e e masisi ya lefatshe (Somalia) |Go kgala ga 95% ya metswedi ya metsi e e godimo ga lefatshe; go swa ka bonako ga dimela. |} === Lenaka la Aforika === Mo Lenakeng la Aforika, go nna sekaka ga lefelo go bonala itshupa ka go phutlhama ga thulaganyo ya go tshela ga diphologolo tsa tikologo mo go bakwang ke diemo tse di latelanang, tse di di masisi tsa komelelo. Go nna mo kotsing ga mafulo a kgaolo a a omileng go sekae go ne ga supiwa ke go palelwa mo go tseneletseng ga dipaka tsa dipula tse di latelanang fa gare ga 2023 le 2025, mo go neng ga senya khurumetso ya dimela le go itlhaganedisa go omelela ga mmu o o fa godimo go ralala Somalia, botlhaba jwa Kenya, le borwa jwa Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 16, 2025 |title=Alert: An Extremely Poor October to December 2025 Rainfall Season in the Horn of Africa |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/alert-extremely-poor-october-december-2025-rainfall-season-horn-africa-urgent-action-needed-now-address-severe-food-security-risks-16-december-2025 |access-date=June 19, 2026 |publisher=Food Security and Nutrition Working Group via ReliefWeb}}</ref> Morago ga go palelwa gotlhelele ga dipula tsa bofelo jwa 2025, Somalia e ne ya itsise gore go na le seemo sa tshoganetso sa setšhaba sa komelelo, ka go senyega ga lefatshe le go latlhegelwa ke metswedi ya metsi a leruo go ne ga fudusa badisa ba ba fetang dikete di le lekgolo le masome a le boferabobedi le botlhano kwa bofelong jwa 2025 le tshimologo ya 2026. Go fetoha ga mafelo a bojang a a ungwang go nna mafelo a a tshwanang le sekaka kwa Afrika Botlhaba go gakadiwa ke go rengwa ga dikgwa mo lefelong le go dira magala le go kgaoganngwa ga ditsela tsa setso tsa go fuduga ga batho, mo go bakang gore go nne le leruo le le ntsi mo mafulong a a bokoa. Go tsibogela seemo sa tatlhegelo ya mmu se se anameng, dipuso tsa dikgaolo di fetogetse kwa go direng ditekanyetso-kakanyetso tsa triro ya madi tse di ka kgonang go emelana le seemo sa bosa; ka sekai, maiteko a lefatshe mo diemong tsa tikologo kwa Kenya a remeletse thata mo tsosolosong ya ditikologo tsa mafulo tse di dirisitsweng go feta selekanyo go fokotsa go senyega ga mmu mo go tswelelang, gape le go thibela letlhoko le le tona la dijo mo itsholelong. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2026 |title=Desertification and Drought Day 2026: Insights from evidence of climate-resilient development across Africa and Asia |url=https://clareprogramme.org/update/desertification-and-drought-day-2026-insights-from-evidence-of-climate-resilient-development-across-africa-and-asia/ |access-date=June 19, 2026 |publisher=CLARE Programme}}</ref> === Sekaka sa Gobi le Mongolia === Lefelo le lengwe le le tona le le amiwang ke go fetoga ga sekaka ga lefelo ke Sekaka sa Gobi se se kwa Bokone jwa China le kwa Borwa jwa Mongolia. Sekaka sa Gobi ke sekaka se se atologang ka bonako go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng, ka gore se fetola go feta disekwerekhilomithara di le dikete di le tharo tsa naga ya bojang go nna naga e e latlhegetsweng ke boleng ngwaga le ngwaga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rechtschaffen |first=Daniel |title=How China's Growing Deserts Are Choking The Country |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danielrechtschaffen/2017/09/18/how-chinas-growing-deserts-are-choking-the-country/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216110308/https://www.forbes.com/sites/danielrechtschaffen/2017/09/18/how-chinas-growing-deserts-are-choking-the-country/ |archive-date=16 February 2022 |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Le fa Sekaka sa Gobi ka bosone se sa ntse se le kgakala le [[Beijing]], dipego go tswa mo dithutong tsa lefelo di bolela gore go na le dithota tse ditona tsa motlhaba tse di ipopang sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le bosupa fela kwa ntle ga toropo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2020 |title=Gobi Desert: A Complete Guide to East Asia's Largest Desert |url=https://www.youngpioneertours.com/gobi-desert-guide/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730160548/https://www.youngpioneertours.com/gobi-desert-guide/ |archive-date=30 July 2023 |access-date=3 April 2022 |website=Young Pioneer Tours |language=en}}</ref> Kwa Mongolia, mo e ka nnang 90% ya naga ya bojang e tsewa e le e e ka nnang sekaka ke UN . Palokakanyetso ya 13% ya go nna sekaka ga lefelo kwa Mongolia e bakwa ke mabaka a tlholego; a mangwe ke ka ntlha ya tlhotlheletso ya ditiro tsa batho segolobogolo go fudisa go feta selekanyo le kgothego ya mmu e e oketsegileng mo mafelong a a lemilweng. <ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Desertification and How Does It Impact Mongolia? |url=https://breathemongolia.org/en/news-article/desertification-impact-mongolia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401180828/https://breathemongolia.org/en/news-article/desertification-impact-mongolia |archive-date=1 April 2022 |access-date=3 April 2022 |website=Breathe Mongolia – English |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Han |first=Jie |last2=Dai |first2=Han |last3=Gu |first3=Zhaolin |date=1 December 2021 |title=Sandstorms and desertification in Mongolia, an example of future climate events: a review |journal=Environmental Chemistry Letters |language=en |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=4063–4073 |bibcode=2021EnvCL..19.4063H |doi=10.1007/s10311-021-01285-w |issn=1610-3661 |pmc=8302971 |pmid=34335128}}</ref> Mo pakeng ya 1940 go ya go 2015, palogare ya mogote wa phefo e ne ya oketsega ka 2.24&nbsp;°C. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Han |first=Jie |last2=Dai |first2=Han |last3=Gu |first3=Zhaolin |date=1 December 2021 |title=Sandstorms and desertification in Mongolia, an example of future climate events: a review |journal=Environmental Chemistry Letters |language=en |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=4063–4073 |bibcode=2021EnvCL..19.4063H |doi=10.1007/s10311-021-01285-w |issn=1610-3661 |pmc=8302971 |pmid=34335128}}</ref> Paka e e bothitho thata ya dingwaga di le lesome e ne e le mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di sa tswang go feta mo bosheng go fitlha ka 2021. Pula e fokotsegile ka 7% mo pakeng e e mo go bakileng koketsego ya diemo tsa komelelo go ralala Mongolia. Sekaka sa Gobi se tswelela ka go atologa go ya kwa bokone, ka lefatshe le le fetang 70% la Mongolia le le senyegileng ka ntlha ya go fulwa go feta selekanyo, go rengwa ga dikgwa le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa. Mo godimo ga moo, puso ya Mongolia e kwadile melelo ya dikgwa, go swa ga dimela, ditiro tsa dikgwa tse di sa tsweleleng pele le tsa meepo jaaka dilo tse di bakang go fetoga ga naga sekaka mo nageng e . Phetogo go tswa mo temothuong ya dinku go ya kwa go ya dipodi gore go kgonwe go fitlhelela ditlhokego tsa go rekisa kwa ntle boboa jwa cashmere go bakile go senyega ga lefatshe la mafulo. Fa di bapisiwa le dinku, dipodi di dira tshenyo e ntsi mo mafulong ka go ja medi le dithunya. <ref>{{Citation|last1=Dorj|first1=O.|date=2013|pages=217–229|editor-last=Heshmati|editor-first=G. Ali|place=Dordrecht|publisher=Springer Netherlands|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-6652-5_11|isbn=978-94-007-6651-8|last2=Enkhbold|first2=M.|last3=Lkhamyanjin|first3=S.|last4=Mijiddorj|first4=Kh.|last5=Nosmoo|first5=A.|last6=Puntsagnamil|first6=M.|last7=Sainjargal|first7=U.|title=Combating Desertification in Asia, Africa and the Middle East|chapter=Mongolia: Country Features, the Main Causes of Desertification and Remediation Efforts|editor2-last=Squires|editor2-first=Victor R.}}</ref> Go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa letlhoko la madi ka ntlheng ya go fetoga sekaka ga lefelo kwa Inner Mongolia, Bai Jingying o ruta basadi go loga dilo tsa setso, tse morago ga moo ba di rekisang gore ba nne le lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Community threads together |url=https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/252552#Community-threads-together-2021-12-20 |access-date=14 July 2024 |website=chinadailyhk |language=en}}</ref> [[File:10-4-26_沙尘暴_-_panoramio_-_阿留申.jpg|thumb|Ditsuatsue tsa lerole kwa China tse di amanngwang le go fetoga ga lefelo go nna sekaka mo dikgaolong tsa yone tse di kwa bokone le kwa bokonebophirima]] === Amerika Borwa === Amerika Borwa ke lefelo le lengwe le le mo kotsing ya go fetoga sekaka, ka 25% ya lefatshe e tlhaolwa jaaka mafelo a a omeletseng <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2016 |title=Soil Degradation Threatens Nutrition in Latin America - World |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/soil-degradation-threatens-nutrition-latin-america |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403121753/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/soil-degradation-threatens-nutrition-latin-america |archive-date=3 April 2022 |access-date=3 April 2022 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> mme go feta 68% ya lefatshe le nnile le kgothego ya mmu ka ntlha ya go rengwa ga dikgwa le go fudisa go feta selekanyo. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2018 |title=Why We Should Invest in Land Management in Latin America |url=https://www.nrdc.org/bio/carolina-herrera/why-we-should-invest-land-management-latin-america |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=www.nrdc.org |language=en}}</ref> 27 go ya go 43% ya mafelo a lefatshe kwa Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador le Peru a mo kotsing ka ntlha ya go fetoga sekaka. Kwa Argentina, Mexico le Paraguay, lefelo le le fetang sephatlo sa lefatshe le sentswe ke go fetoga sekaka ga lefelo mme ga se le le ka dirisetswang temothuo. Kwa Amerika Bogare, komelelo e bakile go oketsega ga letlhoko la ditiro le go fokotsega ga pabalesego ya go nna teng ga dijo - gape e baka le go fuduga ga batho. Go ile ga bonwa ditlamorago tse di tshwanang le tse kwa magaeng a Mexico kwa botona jwa disekwerekhilomithara di le sekete tsa lefatshe di latlhegileng ngwaga le ngwaga ka ntlha ya go nna sekaka. <ref name=":0" /> Kwa Argentina, go fetoga ga sekaka ga lefelo go na le bokgoni jwa go kgoreletsa ditlamelo tsa dijo tsa lefatshe . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Torres |first=Laura |last2=Abraham |first2=Elena M. |last3=Rubio |first3=Clara |last4=Barbero-Sierra |first4=Celia |last5=Ruiz-Pérez |first5=Manuel |date=7 July 2015 |title=Desertification Research in Argentina |journal=Land Degradation & Development |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=433–440 |bibcode=2015LDeDe..26..433T |doi=10.1002/ldr.2392 |hdl=11336/48401 |s2cid=129476957 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Go busetsa morago seemo sa go fetoga ga lefelo go nna sekaka == [[File:Harsh_Vardhan_addressing_at_the_inauguration_of_the_United_Nations_Convention_to_Combat_Desertification_(UNCCD)_Asia-Pacific_four-day_Regional_Workshop,_in_New_Delhi_(1).JPG|thumb|Bokopano ka 2018 kwa New Delhi jo bo neng bo amana le Tumalano ya Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng ya go Lwantsha go Nna Sekaka]] [[File:North_Sahara._Anti-sand_shields.jpg|thumb|Ditshireleretso kgatlhanong le motlhaba kwa bokone jwa Sahara, [[Tunisia|kwa Tunisia]]]] [[File:GreeningdesertTharIndia.jpg|thumb|Ditshimo tsa jojoba, jaaka di supiwa, di nnile le seabe mo go lwantsheng ditlamorago tsa go nna sekaka ga lefelo mo Sekaka sa Thar, India . ]] [[File:Tamarisk_planted_along_roads_in_Xinjiang_near_Cherchen_to_slow_desertification.jpg|thumb|Saxaul e jetswe go bapa le ditsela kwa Xinjiang gaufi le Cherchen go fokotsa go nna sekaka ga lefelo ]] Mekgwa le dikgato tsa go lwantsha fokotsa kgotsa go busetsa morago go fetoga go nna sekaka ga lefelo e teng. Mo dikgatong dingwe tse, go na le dikgoreletsi di le dintsi tse di itsang go diragatswa ga tsone. Mme le fa go ntse jalo, mo go tse dingwe tharabololo e tlhoka fela gore batho ba dirise ditlhaloganyo tsa bone. Mogopolo mongwe wa go thusa seemo ke gore ditshenyegelo tsa go amogela mekgwa ya temothuo e e tswelelang ka dinako dingwe di feta dipoelo tsa balemibarui ka bongwe jwa bone, le fa di le mosola mo morafeng le mo tikologong. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Drost |first=Daniel |last2=Long |first2=Gilbert |last3=Wilson |first3=David |last4=Miller |first4=Bruce |last5=Campbell |first5=William |date=1 December 1996 |title=Barriers to Adopting Sustainable Agricultural Practices |url=https://www.joe.org/joe/1996december/a1.php |journal=Journal of Extension |volume=34 |issue=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222053123/https://www.joe.org/joe/1996december/a1.php |archive-date=22 February 2017 |access-date=21 February 2017}}</ref> Kgang e nngwe ke go tlhoka keletso ya sepolotiki, le go tlhoka madi a go tshegetsa mananeo a go tsosolosa lefatshe le go lwantsha go fetoga ga lefatshe go nna sekaka. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Briassoulis, Helen |year=2005 |title=Policy integration for complex environmental problems: the example of Mediterranean desertification |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CpYnV45hVRsC&pg=PA237 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-0-7546-4243-5 |page=237}}</ref> Go nna sekaka ga lefelo go lemogwa jaaka matshosetsi a matona mo mefuteng ya ditshedi . Mafatshe a mangwe a tlhamile maano a tiro a mefutafuta ya ditshedi go lwantsha ditlamorago tsa seemo se, segolobogolo mabapi le tshireletso ya dimela le diphologolo tse di mo kotsing ya go nyelela . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Desert reclamation projects |url=http://www.gsafweb.org/TrusteeNews/desertdevelopmen.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103172821/http://www.gsafweb.org/TrusteeNews/desertdevelopmen.html |archive-date=3 January 2009}}</ref> === Go tokafatsa boleng jwa mmu === Mekgwa ya go dira se e remetse mo dintlheng tse pedi: tlamelo ya metsi, le go baakanya le go nontsha mmu thata. Go baakanya mmu gantsi go dirwa ka tiriso ya dipopoma tsa tshireletso, ditsha tsa dikgong le dithibelaphefo . Dithibelaphefo di dirwa ka ditlhare le matlhare mme di dirisiwa go fokotsa kgothego ya mmu le go latlhegelwa ke metsi ga dimela . Mebu e mengwe (sekai, mmopa ), ka ntlha ya go tlhoka metsi e ka nna e e kopaneng go na le go nna le motlhofo (jaaka mmu wa motlhaba). Mekgwa e mengwe jaaka zaï kgotsa go epa di tlaabo morago go letla go lengwa ga dijalo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Good Earth – National Geographic Magazine |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/soil/mann-text.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425181742/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/soil/mann-text.html |archive-date=25 April 2017 |access-date=21 June 2016}}</ref> Mokgwa o mongwe ke go epa mesele . Se se diragala ka go epa mesele ya boleele jwa dimithara di le lekgolo le masomea matlhano le mithara o le mongwe wa boteng mo mmung. Mesele e e tlaabo e dirwa go tsamaisana le mela ya bogodimo jwa naga, go thibela metsi go elela mo teng ga mesela go baka kgothego ya mmu. Go bewa mabota a matlapa go dikologa mesele go thibela gore e seka ya tswalega gape. Mokgwa o o tlhamilwe ke Peter Westerveld. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home – Justdiggit |url=http://nagafoundation.org/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402205707/https://nagafoundation.org/ |archive-date=2 April 2016 |access-date=21 June 2016}}</ref> Go humisa mmu le go buseletsa menontshane ya one gantsi go fitlhelelwa ke dimela. Mo go tsone, dimela tsa dinawa tse di ntshang naeterojene mo phefong le go e tsenya mo mmung, dimela tse di matute (jaaka Opuntia ), <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nefzaoui |first=Ali |date=30 January 2014 |title=Cactus as a Tool to Mitigate Drought and to Combat Desertification |journal=Journal of Arid Land Studies |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=121–124 |hdl=20.500.11766/7319 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> le dijalo/ditlhare tsa dijo jaaka digrains, barley, dinawa le di-date ke tsone tse di botlhokwa thata. Dithota tsa motlhaba di ka dirisiwa gape go laola go suta ga mmu le kgothego ya motlhaba. Tsela e nngwe ya go busetsa menontshane ya mmu ke ka tiriso ya monontshane o o nang le naeterojene e ntsi. Ka ntlha ya tlhwatlhwa e e kwa godimo ya monontshane o, balemibarui ba le bantsi ba dipolasepotlana ba palelwa ke go o dirisa, segolobogolo mo dikgaolong tse temothuo ya go ja mo lwapeng e tlwaelesegileng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krah |first=Kwabena |last2=Michelson |first2=Hope |last3=Perge |first3=Emilie |last4=Jindal |first4=Rohit |date=1 December 2019 |title=Constraints to adopting soil fertility management practices in Malawi: A choice experiment approach |journal=World Development |volume=124 |doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104651 |s2cid=202302505 |article-number=104651}}</ref> Mafatshe a le mmalwa, a akaretsa India, Zambia le Malawi a ile a tsibogela se ka go tsenya mo tirisong dithuso tsa madi go thusa go kgothatsa batho gore ba dirise mokgwa o. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Duflo |first=Esther |last2=Kremer |first2=Michael |last3=Robinson |first3=Jonathan |date=October 2011 |title=Nudging Farmers to Use Fertilizer: Theory and Experimental Evidence from Kenya |url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w15131.pdf |url-status=live |journal=American Economic Review |volume=101 |issue=6 |pages=2350–2390 |doi=10.1257/aer.101.6.2350 |hdl=1721.1/63964 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002053100/http://www.nber.org/papers/w15131.pdf |archive-date=2 October 2015 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Mafelo mangwe a dipatlisiso (sekai lefelo la Patlisiso la Bel-Air IRD/ISRA/UCAD) le one a dira ditekeletso tsa go kenta mefuta ya ditlhare ka mycorrhiza mo dikgaolong tse di omeletseng. Di-mycorrhiza tota ke di-fungi tse di itshwarelelang mo meding ya dimela. Ka jalo di dira botsalano jwa tirisanommogo le ditlhare, di oketsa bophara jwa medi ya setlhare thata (mo go letlelelang setlhare go kokoanya dikotla tse dintsi thata go tswa mo mmung). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Département Biologie Végétale – Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD-ISRA-UCAD |url=http://196.1.95.4/fst/biologie-vegetale/labo_commun.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624015819/http://196.1.95.4/fst/biologie-vegetale/labo_commun.htm |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=21 June 2016}}</ref> Boenjenere jwa ditshedi jwa ditshedi tse dinnye tsa mmu, segolobogolo tse di thusang go dira dijo tsa dimela, le tsone di boletswe le go tshwantshiwa jaaka mokgwa wa go sireletsa mafelo a a omeletseng. Maikaelelo e le go tokafatsa mekgwa ya tirisanommogo e e leng teng magareng ga ditshedi tse dinnye tsa mmu le dimela. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bioengineered soil microbes may help prevent desertification |url=https://phys.org/news/2020-08-bioengineered-soil-microbes-desertification.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827204631/https://phys.org/news/2020-08-bioengineered-soil-microbes-desertification.html |archive-date=27 August 2020 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref> === Go dira sekaka gore se nne setala === Ka gore go na le mefuta e mentsi e e farologaneng ya dikaka, go na gape le mefuta e e farologaneng ya mekgwa ya go tsosolosa dikaka . Sekai sa se ke dipane tsa letswai kwa sekakeng sa Rub' al Khali kwa Saudi Arabia . Dipane tse tsa letswai ke dingwe tsa mafelo a a solofetsang thata mo kgaolong ya sekaka go thusa ka temothuo ya metsi a lewatle e bile di ka tsosolosiwa ntle le tiriso ya metsi a a phepa kgotsa maatla a mantsi. Tsosoloso ya tlholego e e laolwang ke balemibarui (FMNR) ke mokgwa o mongwe o o ntshitseng maduo a a atlegileng a go leka go buseletsa lefatshe la sekaka. Fa e sa le ka 1980, mokgwa o wa go lema ditlhare mo lefatsheng le le senyegileng o ntse o dirisiwa ka katlego e e rileng kwa Niger. Mokgwa o o motlhofo yoo gape o sa ture o letleleletse balemibarui gore ba kgone go tsosolosa disekwerekhilomithara di ka nna dikete di le masome a marataro kwa Niger. Thulaganyo e e akaretsa go kgontsha kgolo ya ditlhare ka go kgaola matlhare a dimela mo go kgethegileng. Masalela go tswa mo ditlhareng tse di kgaotsweng a ka dirisiwa go tlamela ka go bewa fa godimo ga lefatshe le le lemilweng mo masimong ka jalo go oketsa go tshwara metsi ga mmu le go fokotsa go latlhegelwa ke metsi ga mmu. Mo godimo ga moo, ditlhare tse di katoganeng sentle le go kgaolwa dikala di ka oketsa thobo ya dijalo. Lenaneo la Tsosoloso e e Thusiwang ke Humbo e e dirisang mekgwa ya FMNR kwa Ethiopia e amogetse madi go tswa kwa Letloleng la BioCarbon la Banka ya Lefatshe, le le tshegetsang mananeo a a tshwarang kgotsa a somarelang khabone mo dikgweng kgotsa mo dithulaganyong tsa tikologo tsa temothuo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2011 |title=Sprouting Trees From the Underground Forest — A Simple Way to Fight Desertification and Climate Change – Water Matters – State of the Planet |url=http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2011/10/18/sprouting-trees-from-the-underground-forest-a-simple-way-to-fight-desertification-and-climate-change/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623022554/http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2011/10/18/sprouting-trees-from-the-underground-forest-a-simple-way-to-fight-desertification-and-climate-change/ |archive-date=23 June 2012 |access-date=11 August 2012 |publisher=Blogs.ei.columbia.edu}}</ref> Mokgatlho wa Dijo le Temothuo wa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng o simolodisitse Letsholo la Tsosoloso ya Mafatshe a a Omeletseng la FAO ka 2012 go kopanya dithuto le kitso ka go tsosolosa mafatshe a a omeletseng. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Drylands Restoration Initiative |url=http://www.fao.org/forestry/aridzone/restoration/en/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723220152/http://www.fao.org/forestry/aridzone/restoration/en/ |archive-date=23 July 2016 |access-date=14 April 2016 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref> Ka 2015, FAO e gatisitse dikaelo tsa lefatshe ka bophara tsa go tsosolosa dikgwa le lefatshe la naga le le senyegileng mo mafelong a a omeletseng, ka tirisanommogo le Lephata la Dikgwa le Merero ya Metsi la Turkey le Mokgatlho wa Tirisanommogo le Kgokaganyo wa Turkey. <ref>{{Cite book |date=June 2015 |title=Global guidelines for the restoration of degraded forests and landscapes in drylands |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5036e.pdf |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn=978-92-5-108912-5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423203240/http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5036e.pdf |archive-date=23 April 2016 |url-status=live<!-- |access-date=June 2015 -->}}</ref> " Lebota le letala la China " ke sekai sa maemo a a kwa godimo sa mokgwa mongwe o o ntseng o bona katlego mo ntweng e ya go fetoga ga mafelo go nna sekaka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=desertification 3D environment |url=https://b2b.partcommunity.com/community/knowledge/en/detail/9815/Desertification#knowledge_article |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228141238/https://b2b.partcommunity.com/community/knowledge/en/detail/9815/Desertification#knowledge_article |archive-date=28 February 2021 |access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> Lebota le ke mofuta o motona thata wa se balemibarui ba Amerika ba se dirileng ka dingwaga tsa bo1930 go emisa seelo sa lerole la Bophirmagare. Leano le le ne ntshiwa kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1970, mme le fetogile lenaneo le le tona la boenjenere jwa tikologo le go sa solofelweng gore le ka ema pele ga ngwaga wa 2055. Go ya ka dipego tsa China, go lemilwe di ka nna dibilione di le masome a marataro mo leboteng le legolo le letala la China. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2017 |title=China's 'Great Green Wall' Fights Expanding Desert |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/04/china-great-green-wall-gobi-tengger-desertification/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813110737/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/04/china-great-green-wall-gobi-tengger-desertification/ |archive-date=13 August 2017 |access-date=4 May 2017}}</ref> Lebota le letala la China le fokoditse lefatshe la sekaka kwa China ka palogare ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya disekwerekhilomithara di le sekete le makgolo a le boferabongwe le masome a le boferabobedi. <ref>{{Cite news|date=26 May 2018|title=Across China: A guardian of the great green wall against China's second largest desert|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/26/c_137207841.htm|access-date=26 July 2026|archivedate=9 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009130927/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/26/c_137207841.htm}}</ref> Dipalo tsa ditsuatsue tsa motlhaba lefatshe ka bophara di wetse tlase ka masome a mabedi mo lekgolong (20%) ka ntlha ya lebota le letala. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beiser |first=Vince |date=1 September 2017 |title=A tree grows in China: can a "Green Great Wall" stop sand from devouring the countryside? |journal=Mother Jones |volume=83 |issue=4}}</ref> Ka ntlha ya katlego e China e ntseng e e bona mo go emiseng go anama ga go fetoga ga lefelo go nna sekaka, maano mo Aforika go simolola "lebota" go bapa le melelwane ya sekaka sa Sahara mmogo le go tlamelwa ka matlole ke Mokgatlho wa Tikologo sa Lefatshe Lotlhe sa Ditšhabakopano a ntse a dirwa mo nakong ya gompieno. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gadzama |first=Njidda Mamadu |date=2017 |title=Attenuation of the effects of desertification through sustainable development of Great Green Wall in the Sahel of Africa |journal=World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=279–289 |doi=10.1108/WJSTSD-02-2016-0021}}</ref> [[File:Great_green_wall_map.svg|thumb|Lebota le legolo le letala, mafatshe a a tsayang karolo le Sahel . Ka Lwetse 2020, go ne ga begwa gore GGW e ne ya kgona go lema fela 4% ya lefelo le le neng le rulaganyeditswe tiro ye. ]] Ka 2024, palo e e ne e oketsegile go fitlha kwa go 30% wa seelo se se beilweng mme e a oketsega. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heath |first=Victoria |date=2024-10-22 |title=Will Africa's Great Green Wall ever be finished? |url=https://geographical.co.uk/science-environment/will-africas-great-green-wall-ever-be-finished |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Geographical |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ka 2007 [[African Union|Kopano ya Aforika]] e ne ya simolola lenaneo la Lebota le Legolo le le Tala la Aforika gore e kgone go lwantsha go fetoga ga sekaka ga mafelo mo mafatsheng a le masome a mabedi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Great Green Wall{{!}}Action Against Desertification{{!}}Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |url=https://www.fao.org/in-action/action-against-desertification/overview/great-green-wall/en/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127153831/https://www.fao.org/in-action/action-against-desertification/overview/great-green-wall/en/ |archive-date=27 January 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref> Lebota le le dikholomithara di le dikete di le boferabobedi ka bophara, le anama go ralala bophara jotlhe jwa kontinente mme go na le didolara di le dibilione di le boferabobedi go tshegetsa lenaneo le. Lenaneo le le tsosolositse diheketara di le didikadike di le masome a mararo le borataro tsa lefatshe, mme ka 2030 letsholo le le rulaganyetsa go busetsa palogotlhe ya diheketara di le didikadike di le lekgolo tsa lefatshe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gadzama |first=Njidda |date=2017 |title=Attenuation of the Effects of Desertification through Sustainable Development of Great Green Wall in the Sahel of Africa |journal=World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=279–289 |doi=10.1108/WJSTSD-02-2016-0021}}</ref> Lebota le Legolo le le Tala le tlhodile ditshono di le tse dintsi tsa ditiro mo mafatsheng a a tsayang karolo, ka ditiro di feta dikete di le masome a mabedi tse di tlhamilweng kwa Nigeria fela. <ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification |date=2019 |title=The Great Green Wall Initiative |url=https://www.unccd.int/actions/great-green-wall-initiative |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202120122/https://www.unccd.int/actions/great-green-wall-initiative |archive-date=2 December 2019 |access-date=3 December 2019 |website=United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification}}</ref> === Go fudisa leruo mo go laolwang sentle === Dikgaolo tsa bojang tse di tsosolositsweng di boloka CO <sub>2</sub> go tswa mo lefaufaung jaaka sediriswa sa menontshane ya dimela. Diruiwa tse di fulang, gantsi di sa tlogelwe go ya kwa le kwa, di ja bojang mme di fokotsa kgolo ya jone. <ref name="Tlovell">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/environment/2011/01/lovell-carbon-ward-climate|title=How fences could save the planet|publisher=newstatesman.com|access-date=5 May 2013|date=13 January 2011}}</ref> Mokgwa o o akantsweng wa go tsosolosa mafudiso bojang o dirisa magora go kgaogantswe go dira mafulo a mantsi a mannye , go sutisiwa leruo go tswa mafulong a mangwe go ya kwa go a mangwe morago ga letsatsi kgotsa a mabedi gore go kgonwe go dirwa nkare ke mafulo a tlholego mme se se letle bojang go gola ka botlalo. <ref name="Tlovell" /> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2008/02/restoring-soil-carbon-can-reverse-global-warming-desertification-and-biodiversity-loss/|title=Restoring soil carbon can reverse global warming, desertification and biodiversity loss|publisher=mongabay.com|access-date=2 May 2026|date=21 February 2008}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1953692,00.html|title=How eating grass-fed beef could help fight climate change|publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=11 May 2013|date=25 January 2010|archivedate=17 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817083349/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1953692,00.html}}</ref> Ba ba dumalanang le mekgwa ya go fudisa e e laolwang sentle ba bolela gore go oketsa mokgwa o go ka oketsa diteng tsa khabone mo mebung ya lefatshe ya diheketara di le dibilione di le tharo le sephatlo tsa naga ya bojang jwa temothuo le go fokotsa dingwaga di ka nna lesome le bobedi tsa mesi ya CO <sub>2</sub> . <ref name="Tlovell" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, babatlisisi ba le bantsi ba ile ba ganetsa dipolelo tse di ntseng jalo mme ba bolela gore ga di busetse morago go nna sekaka ga lefelo e bile ga di fokotse digase tse di ntshiwang ke tsone. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Briske |first=David D. |last2=Bestelmeyer |first2=Brandon T. |last3=Brown |first3=Joel R. |last4=Fuhlendorf |first4=Samuel D. |last5=Wayne Polley |first5=H. |date=Oct 2013 |title=The Savory Method Can Not Green Deserts or Reverse Climate Change |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0190052813500320 |journal=Rangelands |language=en |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=72–74 |doi=10.2111/RANGELANDS-D-13-00044.1 |hdl=10150/639967 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> === Temothuo ya tiriso ya motlakase === Babatlisisi kwa bokone jwa China ba akantshitse gore dithulaganyo tsa agrivoltaic tse di beilweng sentle di ka tshegetsa tiro ya thulaganyo ya tikologo ya mo dikakeng, le mo mafelong a a nang le pula e nnye tota. Thutopatlisiso ya 2025 e e sekasekilweng ke balekane e e gatisitsweng mo ''Scientific Reports'' e begile gore palo ya ditshed tse dinnye, boleng jwa mmu le diteng tsa dikotla di tokafetse "ka tsela e e bonalang thata" ka fa tlase ga dithulaganyo tse di kopantsweng tsa agrivoltaic, fa di bapisiwa le dijalo tse di sa diriseng marang a letsatsi le tse di dirisang letsatsi fela mo sekakeng sa Kubuqui, se se amogelang 300mm ya pula fela ngwaga le ngwaga. Babatlisisi ba ne ba amanya dipharologano tse le moriti o o tswang mo diphaneleng, o o neng wa fokotsa mogote wa mmu le go lekanyetsa selekanyo sa metsi a a tswang mo mmung, le tiro ya go thibela phefo ya diphanele, tse di neng di thibela motlhaba go katela dimela, le tirisanommogo le ditlhare tse di lemilweng, tse mmogo di neng tsa dira seemo sa bosa se se siameng go feta dithulaganyo tse dingwe fa di bapisiwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawrence |first=Kristen |date=2026-01-10 |title=Scientists make incredible discovery after pairing solar panels with crops in desert: 'An effective pathway' |url=https://www.thecooldown.com/green-tech/agrivoltaics-solar-panels-improves-desert-soil-quality/ |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=The Cool Down |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ma |first=Mingjie |last2=Yang |first2=Fan |last3=Zheng |first3=Xiannian |last4=Yang |first4=Xinghua |last5=Mamtimin |first5=Ali |last6=Zhou |first6=Chenglong |last7=Li |first7=Chaofan |last8=Huo |first8=Wen |last9=Zheng |first9=Xinqian |last10=Wang |first10=Tianhe |last11=He |first11=Peng |last12=Gong |first12=Qing |date=2025-11-29 |title=Integrated photovoltaic-agriculture systems enhance soil health in desert ecosystems: evidence from microbial biomass and nutrient synergies |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12775456/ |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=472 |doi=10.1038/s41598-025-29815-4 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=12775456 |pmid=41318781}}</ref> == Ditso == Dikaka tse di itsegeng thata mo lefatsheng di bopilwe ke ditiragalo tsa tlholego tse di dirigatseng mo nakong e telele. Mo bontsing jwa dinako tse, dikaka di ile tsa gola le go ngotlega ka botsone go sa laolwe ke ditiro tsa batho. Dikaka tsa bogologolo ke mawatle a matona a motlhaba a jaanong a sa direng sepe ka gonne a baakantswe ke dimela, dingwe di feta melelwane ya mo bogompienong ya dikaka tsa konokono, tse di tshwanang le Sahara, sekaka se setona e bile se le mogote go di gaisa tsotlhe. <ref name=":1"/> Bosupi jwa ditso bo bontsha gore go senyega ga lefatshe mo go masisi le mo go tseneletseng mo go neng ga diragala makgolokgolo a dingwaga a a fetileng mo dikgaolong tse di omeletseng go ne go na le mafelo a mararo: Mediterranean, Mogorogoro wa Mesopotamia le Loess Plateau ya China, kwa palo ya batho e neng e le ntsi teng. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Dregne |first=H.E. |title=Desertification of Arid Lands |url=http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/docs/002-193/002-193.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428120939/http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/docs/002-193/002-193.html |archive-date=28 April 2023 |access-date=3 December 2013 |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref> Puisano ya ntlha e e itsiweng ka ga kgang e e ne ya tlhagelela ka bonako fela morago ga gore Aforika Bophirima e nne kolone ya Fora, fa Comité d'Etudes e ne e laela gore go dirwe patlisiso ka ga ''desséchement progressif'' go sekaseka go atologa ga Sekaka sa Sahara pele ga ditso. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Mortimore, Michael |year=1989 |title=Adapting to drought: farmers, famines, and desertification in West Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dx89AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-32312-3 |page=12 |access-date=16 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730160046/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dx89AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |archive-date=30 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Thuto ya segompieno ya go fetoga ga mafelo go nna sekaka e tlhagile go tswa mo thutong ya komelelo ya dingwaga tsa bo1980 kwa Sahel . <ref name=":6"/> al60qqf7vojoxf3871bo4hi3tyj5pta Companies and Intellectual Property Authority(CIPA) 0 14595 53431 53052 2026-07-28T04:55:13Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Companies and Intellectual Property Authority (CIPA)''' <ref>[https://www.cipa.co.bw/ "CIPA – Protecting Business Interests".] Retrieved 19 October 2019.</ref>ke mokwadisi wa Botswana wa dikomponi mme ke motheo wa puso. E kafa tlase ga [[Lephata la Kgwebo le Madirelo]]. Mefuta yotlhe ya ditlamo (jaaka go letleletswe ke Molao wa Ditlamo tsa Botswana le Bolaodi jwa Thoto ya Tlhaloganyo) e a akarediwa le go kwadisiwa le CIPA, e e tlhokang gore ba tsenye dintlha tse di rileng go ya ka Molao wa Ditlamo le Bolaodi jwa Thoto ya Tlhaloganyo wa ga jaana. <ref>[http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Ministry-of-Trade-and-Industry-MTI/ "Republic of Botswana - Government portal".] ''www.gov.bw''. Retrieved 19 October 2019.</ref>Dikomponi tsotlhe tse di kwadisitsweng, go akarediwa le tse di kailweng, tse dinnye le tse di sa direng, di tshwanetse go romela dipego tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa madi mmogo le dipegelo tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa komponi. Kwadiso ya ditlamo jaanong e dirwa mo inthaneteng fa e sale go tsenngwa tirisong ga thulaganyo ya kwadiso ya kgwebo mo inthaneteng e e simolotsweng ke [[Bogolo Kenewendo]]. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191121082630/http://www.sundaystandard.info/congratulations-obrs-cipa-%E2%80%A6-please-do-not-join-%E2%80%9Csystem-e-down%E2%80%9D-cohort "Congratulations on OBRS CIPA …. But, please do not join the "System e down" cohort | Sunday Standard".] ''www.sundaystandard.info''. Retrieved 19 October 2019.</ref> == Mefuta ya ditlamo == Go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlamo, go akaretsa: * Komponi e ikemetseng ka nosi * Setlamo sa Setšhaba * Go Nna le Balekane ba ba Gaufi * Setlamo se se Laolwang ke Tshireletso == Metswedi == 6k57smkjcsdjho2p67vtq3znipjjwzt Dibaesekopo tsa Botswana 0 14649 53432 53218 2026-07-28T05:27:38Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53432 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dibaesekopo tsa Botswana''' di akaretsa ditso tsa dibaesekopo le tlhagiso ya disupa ditshwantsho mo [[Botswana]], go tloga ka ditshwantsho tsa pele tse di setseng tsa kgaolo ya Bechuanaland mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo masome a mabedi go fitlha ka go tlhagelela ga madirelo a dibaesekopo a a eteletsweng pele ke selegae ka bo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi . Madirelo a tsa selegae a biditswe Botswood ke bangwe ba ba dirang le ba ba lebileng,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211028174404/https://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/broadcast_en/15186/botswood-sees-film-production-start-to-blossom-in-botswana "'Botswood' sees film production start to blossom in Botswana".] ''Balancing Act Africa''. Retrieved 12 April 2026</ref>ba e tshwantsha le [[Bollywood]], [[Nollywood,]] le [[Hollywood]]. == Ditshwantsho tsa bogologolo tse di kwadisitsweng (1906 go ya go 1940s) == Go ya ka mokwalahisitori wa dibaesekopo e bong Neil Parsons, baesekopo ya ntlha e e kileng ya gatisiwa kwa Botswana e dirilwe magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo a robabongwe le borataro le ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa. Kompone nngwe ya kwa Lontone e e neng e le ya ga Charlie Urban e ne ya romela batho ba ba tsayang dinepe go tla go tsaya ditshwantsho tsa loeto lwa [[Ba-Bechuanaland Railways]] go ya kwa [[Diphororo tsa Victoria|diphororong tsa Victoria]] . Ka nako eo, moitseanape wa setso wa kwa Austria e bong [[Rudolf Pöch]] o ne a tla mo Botswana mme a dira motseletsele wa difilimi tse dikhutshwane tse di nang le modumo le mmala, go akaretsa le ditshwantsho tsa monna yo o bidiwang Kubi, yo Parsons a mo tlhalosang e le naledi ya ntlha ya dibaesekopo tsa Botswana.<ref name=":0">[http://www.thuto.org/ubh/cinema/bots-cinema-studies.htm "Botswana Cinema Studies"]. ''thuto.org''. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bobedi, monna mongwe wa kwa Lontone yo o bidiwang W. Butcher o ne a gatisa mogwanto wa masole a [[Bangwato]] kwa [[Serowe]]. Go dirwa ga ditokomane tsa kgaolo eno go ne ga tswelela fa gare ga Dintwa tsa Lefatshe tse pedi, tse di neng di remeletse thata mo bathong ba kgaolo e e kwa bophirima le go gatisiwa ga dikgang ka ditiragalo tse di neng di diragala kwa botlhaba. Motlhami wa ntlha wa filimi go tswa kwa Botswana go begwa fa e ne e le '''Molefi Pilane,''' moeteledipele wa morafe wa selegae yo o neng a dirisa sekapaditshwantsho se nnye sa go gatisa . <ref>[https://southernafricancinema.wordpress.com/2014/06/12/267/ "History of Film in Southern Africa".] ''southernafricancinema.wordpress.com''. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref>Mosadi mongwe yo o itsegeng e le Miss Murchison o ne a gatisa mo e ka nnang diura di le pedi tsa filimi e e neng e bontsha ditiro tsa [[African Auxiliary Pioneers Corps]], tse go itsiweng gore go na le dikarolo di le pedi tsa tsone tse di sa ntseng di le teng. Filimi ya nako ya ntwa ya Bechuanaland Protectorate, e e dirilweng ka nako ya Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe, e ne e bontsha masole a APC a boela gae go tswa kwa [[Afrika Bokone]] mme e ne e na le moeteledipele wa morafe [[Bathoen II]]. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bosupa, motlhami wa difilimi wa kwa [[Cape Town]] Bill Lewis o ne a tla go tsaya filimi ya ketelo ya segosi kwa polaseng ya masole a maloba a APC. <ref name=":0" />Motlhami wa difilimi wa kwa Amerika Tom Larson o gorogile kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane mme a dira difilimi tse pedi, go akaretsa Rainmakers of the Okavango (1948).<ref name=":0" /> Botswana e ne ya nna lefelo la dikgang tsa boditšhabatšhaba go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borobabongwe go ya pele morago ga lenyalo la ga [[Seretse Khama]] le [[Ruth Williams Khama|Ruth Williams]], e leng kganetsano ya sepolotiki ka ntlha ya melao ya Kgaolo ya Kgethololo. Go setse difilimi tse dikhutshwane di le masome a mabedi le bongwe tsa dikgang tse di neng di bua ka ditiragalo tsa go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borobabongwe go ya ko ngwageng wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borataro. Dikompone tse di dirang difilimi tse di akaretsang Paramount Pictures le Universal News di dirile difilimi ka banyalani bano.<ref name=":0" /> == Kgatiso ya mo gae ka ngwaga Dingwaga tsa bo1950 == Filimi ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le boraro Remnants of a Dying Race, e e dirilweng ke Louis Knobel wa moagi wa [[Molepolole]] wa South African Information Services, e ne ya kwala matshelo a batho ba [[Ba-San]] kwa sekakeng sa [[Kalahari]]. The ''[[Hunters]]'' (1957), e e dirilweng ke motlhami wa difilimi wa kwa Amerika John Marshall, e ne ya akaretsa setšhaba se se tshwanang, fela jaaka go ne ga dira motseletsele wa BBC wa The Lost World of the Kalahari, o o neng o na le motshameki wa mo Afrika Borwa e bong Laurens van der Post. Difilimi tseno di ne di diretswe babogedi ba mafatshe a sele mme di ne di dira gore lefatshe leno le bonale mo thelebisheneng fa e ntse e bontsha baagi ba yone e le batho ba ba nang le seabe mo ditsong go na le gore e nne batshameki ba nako ya segompieno. Botswana e ne ya bona boipuso jwa yone ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro, mme seo sa dira gore go nne le diphetogo mo dipolotiking, mo setšhabeng le mo setsong sa lefatshe leo, go akaretsa le tsela e difilimi di neng di dirwa le go anamisiwa ka yone. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, John Marshall o ne a dira filimi ya ''N!'' ''ai, polelo ya Mosadi wa Kung,'' o ne a bua ka go kgaratlha ga mosadi wa gagwe! Mosadi mongwe wa Kung yo o bidiwang N! Ai, yo o neng a patelediwa go nyalwa ke ngaka ya setso a na le dingwaga di le robedi. == The Gods Must Be Crazy le ditlhamelo tsa boditšhabatšhaba (1980s to 1990s) == Filimi ya The Gods Must Be Crazy, ya ngwaga sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe e e diragetseng kwa Botswana, e ne ya nna selo se se tumileng thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe mme ya nna le tatelano e le nngwe ya semmuso le tse dingwe tse di seng semmuso. The Gods Must Be Crazy II (1988) le yone e ne ya atlega mo mmarakeng ka difilimi tseo ka bobedi di ne tsa dira gore motshameki wa Mo-Namibia N!xau #Toma e nne naledi e e itsegeng lefatshe ka bophara. Crazy Safari (1991), e ne e le ya ntlha mo go tse tharo tse e seng tsa semmuso tse di dirilweng ke kompone ya kwa Hong Kong, gape e ne e na le N! xau #Toma. == Madirelo a difilimi tsa diphologolo tsa naga == Tikologo ya tlholego ya Botswana, segolobogolo [[Makgobokgobo a Okavango]], [[Chobe National Park|Chobe]] le [[Makgadikgadi pans|Makgadikgadi Pans]], e ne ya ngoka batlhami ba difilimi tsa diphologolo tsa naga go tloga mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo masome mabedi la dingwaga go ya pele. Lenaneo la kwa Amerika la Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom le ne la gatisiwa kwa Botswana ka makgetlo a le mmalwa ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro.<ref name=":0" />Dereck le Beverly Joubert ba dirile difilimi tsa diphologolo tsa naga tse di gapileng dikgele mo dithelebisheneng tsa boditšhabatšhaba go akaretsa National Geographic, mme Tim le June Liversedge ba dirile filimi ya sekwalwa ya tau e e bidiwang Roar!, e e bontshitsweng mo dithelebisheneng tsa IMAX lefatshe ka bophara. Kgato e ya ntshokuno e tlhodile setshwantsho sa boditšhabatšhaba sa mafelo a Botswana mme ga e a tlhola bokgoni jwa intaseteri ya selegae kgotsa ditiro tsa batlhami ba dibaesekopo ba Batswana. <ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/news/what-chance-of-a-film-industry-in-botswana/news "What chance of a film industry in Botswana?".] Mmegi Online. 18 January 2008. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref> Thulaganyo ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi ya Disney ya Whispers: An Elephant's Tale e ne ya gatisiwa kwa Botswana, e e neng e na le Angela Bassett. Dikarolo tsa filimi ya puo ya Se-Tamil ya Ayan (2009) le tsone di ne tsa gatisiwa kwa Botswana. == Setshwantsho sa motshikinyego sa Botswana le motlha wa dikgatiso tsa selegae tsa ntlha (2000s) == '''Setshwantsho sa Motshikinyego sa Botswana''' (BTV) se simolotse ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi jaaka mogasi wa sechaba mme ya nna yone tsela ya ntlha e ka yone diteng tsa selegae di fitlhelelang babogedi ba selegae. Ditirelo tsa selegae tsa bodiragatsi le dipampiri di simolotse go tlamela seteishene seno go tloga mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi go ya pele. Nngwe ya ditshwantsho tsa ntlha tse di neng tsa ngoka kgatlhego ya batho le go baka kganetsano e ne e le motshameko wa Botswana wa Thokolosi (2006), e e neng e bontsha boloi mo motseng o o bidiwang Bobonong. Motseletsele ono o ne wa tsosa kganetsano mo bathong, mme babogedi bangwe ba Bobonong ba ne ba o latofatsa ka gore o tlhaola batho ba motse wa bone. Badiri ba yone ba ne ba e buelela e le tiro e e rutang e e diretsweng go rotloetsa go ngangisana ka ga go kgaphela batho kwa thoko le go emela setso. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe , Rradijo, e ne e le motseletsele wa metlae o o neng o tshameka Radikgang Mandiane jaaka motho yo o neng a o tshameka, o ne wa gololwa mme wa rekisiwa ka dipalo di le 150,000 go ralala Botswana le Afrika Borwa, go bontsha gore diteng tse di dirilweng mo lefelong leo di na le mmaraka o o nonofileng wa kgwebo.<ref>"[https://www.sundaystandard.info/botswanaocos-direct-to-dvd-movies-gaining-popularity/ Botswana's direct-to-DVD movies gaining popularity"]. Sunday Standard. 2 February 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref> Lawrence Lekolwane wa Botswood Studios e ne e le mongwe wa batlhami ba baesekopo ba ntlha go aga tiro e e tsweletseng ya terama ya thelebišene, ditokomane le dibaesekopo kwa Botswana. O simolotse tiro ya gagwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro jaaka mokwadi wa ditlhamo le mmatlisisi mo terameng ya Radio Botswana 2 ya Makgabaneng, mme a tlhagisa mananeo a thelebišene a a akaretsang Flat 101 (M-Net Africa Magic, 2004), Botshelo Jo (BTV, YTV, le Africa Magic, go tloga ka 2012), le difilimi tsa metshameko tsa Mpho le Mphonyana (2014), Pelo e ja Serati (2015), le The President's Daughter (2018). Botswood Studios e ne ya dira konteraka ya dingwaga di le dintsi le BTV ya Botshelo Jo, e e dirang gore e nne nngwe ya metseletsele ya diterama tse di tlhagisitsweng mo nageng eo. Filimi ya gagwe e khutshwane ya Nazara e ne ya gapa Seetsele sa Best Film Gold ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe.<ref>[https://botswood.co.bw/profile-lawrence-old/ "Lawrence Lekolwane Profile".] Botswood Studios. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref> == No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency (2007 go ya go 2009) == Thulaganyo e e kopantsweng ya BBC le HBO ya T[[he No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency,]] e e theilweng mo motseletseleng wa dibuka tsa [[Alexander McCall Smith]] tse di rekisitsweng thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe, e ne e le yone filimi ya ntlha e kgolo ya boditšhabatšhaba go gatisiwa kwa Botswana. Porojeke eno e ne ya simololwa e le filimi e e ka dirisiwang kwa mafelong a bobogelo. Motsamaisi [[Anthony Minghella]], yo e neng e le morati wa dibuka, o ne a tlhopha ditshwanelo tsa filimi mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo-dikete tse pedi , mme motlhami Amy J. Moore, yo o neng a na le maitemogelo a mantsi mo difiliming tsa Afrika mme a kile a etela Botswana thata, o ne a mo thusa go mo tlhatswa pelo gore a thuntshe mo lefelong leo. <ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0801/p01s02-woaf.html Ladies' Detective film brings Tinsel Town to tiny Botswana"]. Christian Science Monitor. 1 August 2007. Retrieved 13 April 2026.</ref> Ka nako eo Botswana e ne e se na mafaratlhatlha a difilimi e bile e se na thulaganyo ya go duelela ditshenyegelo, mme seno se ne se dira gore filimi eo e nne tlhwatlhwakgolo. Moore o ne a bua le Palamente ya Botswana ka tlhamalalo go buelela tshegetso ya puso. Puso e ne ya dumela, ya duelela diperesente tse di fetang masome a mararo tsa tiro ya go dira terama eno, e e neng ya ja madi a a fa gare ga dimilione di le tlhano le di le supa tsa diranta, fa fela bobotlana nngwetharong ya batshameki e ne e le Ba-Batswana le gore tiro eno yotlhe e dirwe mo lefatshengg leo. Setudio se sennye se se neng se bidiwa Kgalewood se ne sa agiwa kwa tlase ga [[Kgale Hill]] kwa [[Gaborone]] go tshola disete. Go gatisiwa ga terama eno go simolotse ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola gabedi,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa mme motshameko ono o ne wa gasiwa mo thelebisheneng ya BBC ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le masome a mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi. Motseletsele wa dikarolo tse thataro o ne wa latela mo BBC le HBO ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/producers-no-1-goal-fulfilled-81780 "Producers' No. 1 goal fulfilled: Bringing character of Botswana to life for Ladies".] The Hollywood Reporter. 2 April 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2026.</ref> Go ne go thapilwe batho ba ba fetang dikete tse pedi le makgolo a mararo, go akaretsa le ba ba fetang ka ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo a robabongwe, mme go ne go na le thulaganyo ya go thapisa baithuti ba ba fetang lekgolo go tswa kwa dikholetšheng tsa selegae le kwa dikolong tsa metswedi ya dikgang. Ka nako ya fa go ne go dirwa motseletsele ono, bontsi jwa badiri ba ba thapisitsweng mo lefelong leo ba ne ba tsamaisa mafapha a le mararo a go gatisa. Alexander McCall Smith o ne a tlhalosa tlhagiso jaaka tshono ya batho ba selegae go bona bokgoni jwa go dira difilimi.<ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2009-10-13-voa54/414943.html "The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency Puts Spotlight on Botswana".] Voice of America. 13 October 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2026.</ref> Motseletsele o ne wa se ka wa ntšhwafadiwa ka setlha sa bobedi, mme lefelo la Kgalewood le ne la tlogelwa go senyega go na le go tlhabololwa jaaka lefelo la bojanala jaaka go ne go rulagantswe.<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/no-1-ladies-detective-agency-movie-set-left-to-crumble/ "No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency movie set left to crumble"]. Sunday Standard. 4 February 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2026</ref> == A United Kingdom (2016) == ''A United Kingdom'' (2016), e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke [[Amma Asante]], e ne ya tshameka kgang ya boammaaruri ya ga Seretse Khama le [[Ruth Williams Khama|Ruth Williams,]] ba lenyalo la bone la semorafe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borobabobedi le neng la ganetsa kgatelelo ya bokoloniale jwa Boritane le puso ya nako ya tlhaolele ya Afrika Borwa. Filimi e ne e na le [[David Oyelowo]] le [[Rosamund Pike]] mme e ne ya dirwa ke Pathé le BBC. Le fa gone e ne e theilwe mo hisetoring ya sepolotiki ya Botswana e bile e le yone filimi e e tumileng thata mo dinageng di sele mo dingwageng tsa bo dikete tse pedi le lesome , e ne ya gatisiwa thata kwa United Kingdom, Afrika Borwa le Zimbabwe go na le kwa Botswana ka boyone. == Motshameko wa setshwantsho sa Motshikinyego sa selegae (2010s) == Colours ke motse wabodiragatsi ya motse wa 26 episodes, e laetswe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro le premiering ka kgwedi ya Letswe e le lesome ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi . E tshwaretswe kwa toropokgolong ya [[Gaborone]] le [[Ramotswa]], e bua ka tiriso e e sa siamang ya diokobatsi, HIV/AIDS, le go sa laolege ga basha. Motseletsele o latela Tirelo, lekawana le le kgaratlhelang go diragatsa maitlamo a gagwe mo botshelong. <ref>[https://www.weekendpost.co.bw/19060/weekendlife/colors-tv-drama-thrills-batswana/ "Colors TV Drama thrills Batswana".] Weekend Post. 23 October 2018.</ref>The series later reached South African audiences through broadcast on a regional platform.[ Motseletsele ono o ne wa fitlha kwa babogeding ba Aforika Borwa ka go gasiwa mo seraleng sa kgaolo.<ref>[https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2023-09-12-colours-exposes-sa-viewers-to-beauty-and-challenges-of-botswana/ "Colours exposes SA viewers to beauty and challenges of Botswana".] Sowetan Live. 12 September 2023.</ref> == Kgolo ya mafaratlhatlha a tsa kgaso (dingwaga tsa bo2010) == Ofisi ya Mmuso ya Difilimi e ne ya tlhomiwa ka fa tlase ga Lephata la Baša, Bong, Metshameko le Ngwao ka taolelo ya go tlhabolola le go rekisa difilimi le difilimi tsa setshwantsho sa motshininyego go ralala dikgaolo tsa Botswana. Ofisi eno e na le thulaganyo ya go bontsha difilimi tse dikhutshwane mo dikgaolong le thulaganyo ya go thusa ka madi e e dirang gore go tlhophiwe le go tshegetsa ka madi a a kana ka P60,000 nngwe le nngwe ya dibuka tse di kwadilweng go ralala lefatshe. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe, e ne e setse e amogetse metseletsele ya mananeo a le lekgolo le masome a marataro le borobabobedi a a feletseng fa e sale e simololwa. Gape e simolotse go nna le moletlo wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa difilimi wa boditšhabatšhaba, o o tla tshwarwang lekgetlo la ntlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro mme go tla nna le batsayakarolo go tswa kwa Zimbabwe, Zambia, Nigeria, Afrika Borwa le Namibia. Dibui kwa moletlong oo di ne tsa kopa gore go tlhomiwe Khomišene ya Difilimi e e ikemetseng, ba lemoga gore mafatshe a a fetang makgolo a mararo le botlhano lefatshe ka bophara di na le dikhomišene tsa difilimi tse di ikemetseng le gore Botswana ga e ise e tlhome epe ya tsone.<ref name=":1">[https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/filmmakers-call-for-film-commission/news "Filmmakers call for Film Commission".] Mmegi Online. 24 November 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref> AFDA Botswana, e leng lekala la mo lefelong leo la sekolo sa dibaesekopo le tsa botaki sa Afrika Borwa, e thapisitse batlhami ba le mmalwa ba ba dirang mo lefatsheng leo ba dibaesekopo. Baithuti ba ba nang le dithutego tsa maemo a a kwa godimo ba akaretsa [[Lawrence Lekolwane]] le [[Lesedi Mphothwe]].<ref>[http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/mobile/news-details.php?flag=current&nid=21442 "AFDA Botswana to grow film industry"]. Daily News Botswana. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref> Lenaneo la phapanyetsano ya setso la ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone Logaga lwa Ditiragalo (le le rayang "phapanyetsano ya ditso") le ne la dirwa kwa Botswana, ka maikaelelo a go boloka le go tsosolosa ditlwaelo tsa setso le go rotloetsa kutlwisisano magareng ga merafe e e farologaneng. <ref>[https://www.weekendpost.co.bw/39426/weekendlife/tv-show-explores-tswana-culture/ "TV Show explores Tswana culture".] Weekend Post. 6 February 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref> == Go amogelwa ke dinaga tse dingwe == == Moreetsi Gabang le NEFTI Africa (2023) == Motsamaisi '''Moreetsi Gabang''' wa Mainane Studios o fentse NEFTI Africa Best Film Award ($5,000) le Audience Choice Award ($2,000) kwa Durban FilmMart ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa dikete tse le masome a mabedi le boraro, ka motshameko wa gagwe o mokhutshwane wa Horror-comedy Zombie Date Night in Tlokweng. Filimi e bua ka kgang ya banyalani bao bosigo jwa bone jwa go intsha bo kgorelediwang ke fa motho yo ba nnang mmogo a boela gae go tswa kwa tirelong ya bodumedi e e nang le moya wa bodimona, a dirisa ngwao ya batho ba Batlokwa ya go fitlha baswi ba bone mo mafelong a bonno jaaka motheo wa yone. Gabang o ne a nna motsamaisi wa ntlha wa Botswana go fenya kgaisano ya NEFTI Africa, e e atlholwang ke batho ba ba itsegeng mo madirelong a difilimi go akaretsa le motshameki wa difilimi Vivica A. Fox, Bruce Cohen yo o neng a gapa Sekgele sa Academy, le Ted Gagliano, yo e leng Poresidente ya Disney Post-Production. Moanegwa wa Afrika Borwa Marcus Mabusela le motshameki wa metlae wa Botswana William Last KRM ba ne ba tshameka karolo eo.<ref>"[https://deadline.com/2023/07/haifaa-al-mansour-vertigo-films-alula-moreetsi-gabang-nefti-durban-1235448350/ Botswana Director Moreetsi Gabang Wins Durban NEFTI Award".] Deadline. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref> === Mzansi Magic premiere (2025) === Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano, go ne ga tlhagisiwa dibaesekopo tse tharo tsa Botswana mo seteisheneng sa pan-Aforika sa Mzansi Magic ka tirisanommogo le MultiChoice Botswana: Route 2 (e e tsamaisitsweng ke Afentse Fenny Lekolwane), Abashwe (e e tsamaisitsweng ke Johnson Otlaadisa), le The Prophet (e e tsamaisitsweng ke Tumelo Chaba). Tonakgolo e ne e tshwaya lekgetlo la ntlha fa dibaesekopo tse di dirilweng kwa Botswana di tlhagelela mo seraleng sa thelebišene se se duelang mo kontinenteng yotlhe.<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/sponsored/botswanas-film-industry-shines-three-new-local-films-set-to-premiere-on-mzansi-magic-this-november/news "Botswana's Film Industry Shines: Three New Local Films Set to Premiere on Mzansi Magic".] Mmegi Online. October 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref> == Moletlo wa di difilimi == === Moletlo wa Difilimi wa Bantu === [[Mokete wa Difilimi wa Bantu,]] o o tlhomilweng ke motlhami wa difilimi [[Lesedi Mphothwe]] ka Butterscotch Productions, ke moletlo wa difilimi o o ikemetseng wa Afrika o o tshwarwang ngwaga le ngwaga kwa [[Gaborone]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi . Moletlo ono o kopanya go bontshiwa ga difilimi tsa Seafrika le di-workshop, ditlelase tse di kgethegileng le dipuisano tsa setlhopha. Kgatiso ya boraro ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa New Capitol Cinema, Riverwalk, le sekolo se segolwane sa Botswana ka setlhogo sa go kopanya Aforika ka Cinema, e e neng e bontsha difilimi di le masome a mararo go tswa kwa mafatsheng a mantsi a Aforika go akaretsa tse tharo go tswa kwa Botswana. Filimi e e simolotseng e ne e le Seipone e khutshwane e e tshosang ya mo lefelong leo, e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Kgosigadi Mokokwe le Wazwagwa Ntabeni. Bangwe ba ba neng ba ba ema nokeng e ne e le Okavango Diamond Company. Balekane ba boditšhabatšhaba ba akareditse Namibia Film Commission, Ladima Foundation, Human Rights Tattoo, le Yunibesithi ya Botswana.<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/82193 "Botswana film industry promising".] Daily News Botswana. 9 October 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref> === Moletlo wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Difilimi wa Botswana === Ofisi ya Mmuso ya Difilimi e simolotse go tshwara moletlo wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa difilimi wa boditšhabatšhaba, mme kgatiso ya ntlha e tla tshwarwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro. Moletlo o ne wa ngoka batsayakarolo go tswa kwa Zimbabwe, Zambia, Nigeria, Afrika Borwa, le Namibia, mme o ne wa direla jaaka lefelo la dipuisano tsa intaseteri go akaretsa le dikopo tsa go tlhomiwa ga Khomišene ya Bosetšhaba ya Difilimi.<ref name=":1" /> == Basadi mo metshakong ya Botswana == Women in Film Guild Botswana (WIF Botswana) e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe ke basadi ba ba neng ba alogile mo dithulaganyong tse di amanang le difilimi mme ba sa bone thulaganyo ya go tshegetsa basadi ba ba setseng ba dira mo lephateng leno. Basimolodi-mmogo ba akaretsa Nikita Mokgware le Serena Mmifinyana. WIF Botswana e ne ya tsenela Cannes Film Festival ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro, e e neng ya duelwa ka madi ke Female Invest e baemedi ba yone ba neng ba kopane kwa Forbes 30 Under 30 summit. Mokgatlho o diretse jaaka molekane wa semmuso wa Banthu Film Festival mme o thusitse maloko go aga diporofeili tsa IMDb tsa seporofeshenale. Leloko Lebogang Mpofu o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka mogokaganyi wa Botswana wa Afro International Film Market and Festival.<ref>Larona Makhaiza (3 March 2023). [https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/women-in-film-guild-to-uplift-women/news "Women in Film Guild to uplift women".] Mmegi Online. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref> Lesedi Mphothwe, jaaka Mokaedi wa Moletlo wa Filimi wa Bantu le mothei wa Butterscotch Productions, o dirile jaaka moatlhodi wa Moletlo wa Filimi wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Mpumalanga le wa U.S. O ne a nna kwa Botswana, mme ke leloko la Global Impact Producers Alliance. Filimi ya gagwe e khutshwane ya Cell 10 (2022) e ne ya tlhophiwa mo meletlong e le mene ya boditšhabatšhaba.<ref>[https://entrepreneurs.co.bw/lesedi-mphothwe-shaping-botswanas-film-industry-through-vision-and-impactful-storytelling/ "Lesedi Mphothwe: Shaping Botswana's Film Industry Through Vision and Impactful Storytelling"]. Botswana Entrepreneurs Magazine. 9 October 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref> == Dikompone tsa di dibaesekopo == Botswana e na le ditlamo di le mmalwa tsa dibaesekopo le tsa dibaesekopo, go akaretsa New Capitol Cinemas <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211026155623/http://www.newcapitolcinema.co.bw/ "New Capitol Cinemas"]. ''newcapitolcinema.co.bw''. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref>le Gaborone Cine Centre.<ref>[http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/botswana/gaborone "Movie Theaters in Gaborone, Botswana"]. ''Cinema Treasures''. Retrieved 14 April 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == mbj9ifz14jq5z5zc3g7ht98i13gjplh Botswana Workers Front 0 14661 53425 53238 2026-07-28T03:12:37Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Botswana Workers Front''' e ne e le phathi ya polotiki mo [[Botswana]] . Phathj e, e tlhamilwe ke [[Shawn Nthaile]] ka Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le boraro kwa bokopanong jo bo faphegileng kwa [[Mahalapye]], morago ga go tlogela phathi ya [[Botswana National Front]] . <ref name="pu" /> Nthaile o ne a bolela fa a ne a sa tsene mo maemong a a kwa godimo mo BNF ka ntlha ya morafe wa gagwe. Ka BWF Nthaile o ne a batla go rotloetsa dikgatlhego tsa babereki le tsa morafe wa gagwe wa Bakgalagadi. Letshwao la BWF e ne e le hamole le sekele . Phathi e e ne e remeletse kwa [[Toropo ya Jwaneng|Jwaneng]] . Ka nako ya [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 1994|ditlhopho tsa palamente tsa 1994]] BWF e ne ya ikopanya le United Democratic Front, e leng kopano ya diphathi tse di neng di le kgatlhanong le diphathi tse pedi tsa [[Phathi ya Tomokoraga|Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP) le BNF. Ga go na ntlhopheng ope wa BWF kgotsa wa UDF yo o kgonneng go tlhophiwa. <ref>Sebudubudu, David and Bertha Z. Osie-Hwedie. ''https://web.archive.org/web/20220401023909/https://www.giga-hamburg.de/openaccess/afrikaspectrum/2006_1/giga_as_2006_1_sebudubudu.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401023909/https://www.giga-hamburg.de/openaccess/afrikaspectrum/2006_1/giga_as_2006_1_sebudubudu.pdf|date=1 April 2022}}''</ref> BWF e ne ya letla maloko go nna le boloko jwa diphathi tse pedi tsa BWF le BNF. Mothusi Akanyang e ne e le tautona yo o simolotseng BWF. O tlhokafetse ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano. <ref name="dn" /> Ka nako eo, Nthaile o ne a bereka e le mothusa tautona wa phathi eo. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Karolo:Articles with short description]] b7bns6s3vm50czt6px3fbne0czornc7 Popego ya majwe a Botswana 0 14684 53365 53298 2026-07-27T14:23:01Z JudithShe 9421 Ke tsentse metswedi #Wikipedia25BW 53365 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Popego ya majwe a Botswana''' e na le seabe se setona mo itsholelong ya lefatshe. Majwe a a kwa tlase a poleiti ya Kaapvaal-Zimbabwe a atologela kwa Botswana, fa kwa botlhaba le borwa-botlhaba, majwe a metamorphic a motlha wa Archaean e le one a mantsi. Majwe a mannye a Karoo le a Cretaceous a setlhopha sa Kalahari a apesitse melelwane e e kwa bophirima jwa majwe a magologolo le mabante a proterozoic. Majwe a manye a, a adilwe mo kgampung ya Kalahari kwa tlase ga dikgaolo tse ditona tsa legare la lefatshe. Kwa bokone-bophirima jwa Botswana, majwe a mo bosheng a ikadile fa godimo ga a Meso le Neoproterozoic, a a ka tswang e le a lebante la Damara.<ref name=":0">Schlüter, Thomas (April 19, 2008). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=IfvKWpsISTQC&pg=PA88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Geological Atlas of Africa: With Notes on Stratigraphy, Tectonics, Economic Geology, Geohazards, Geosites and Geoscientific Education of Each Country''.] Springer Science & Business Media. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> Toropokgolo ya [[Orapa]], e e kwa botlhaba jwa Botswana, e na le letsha la bogologolo le le nang le moalo wa taphocoenosis o o tshabelelwang ke ditshedinyana le dimela kwa gare ga Aforika.<ref name=":0" /> == Popego ya itsholelo == [[Setshwantsho:Jwaneng Open Mine.jpg|thumb|[[Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng]], o o humileng thata mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/03/africa/botswana-diamonds-jwaneng/index.html Inside the world's richest diamond mine - CNN.com".] ''CNN''. 3 December 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref>]] Moepo wa teemane wa [[Jwaneng]], moepo o o humileng thata mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Go epiwa ga diteemane go botlhokwa thata mo itsholelong ya Botswana, e le kotara ya dipoelo tsa lefatshe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa. Ka boammaruri lefatshe la Botswana e ne e le lone le le dirang diteemane le le eteletseng pele mafatshe otlhe ka boleng, e le labobedi go sala la [[Russia]] morago ka bokete. Go na le diphaephe tsa kimberlite di le masome a mabedi, bontsi e le tsa motlha wa cretaceous kwa Botswana, le ntswa phaephe ya diteemane ya Jwaneng e tswa bogologolong jwa permian. Lefatshe gape le ntsha kopore, gouta, nickel le cobalt fa magala le soda ash le tsone di le botlhokwa, mabeelo a tsone ke a bobedi a sala a [[United States of America]] morago. Mabeelo a magala kwa botlhaba jwa lefatshe a akanyediwa a ka nna dithane di le dibilone di le lesome le bosupa. Lefatshe la Botswana gape le ntsha letswai le majwana a mantle a akaretsa agate le carnelian.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161019212107/http://www.eisourcebook.org/1362_Mining.html "Extractive Industries Source Book; Botswana, Mining".] ''Extractive Industries''. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> == Metswedi == ozebsxvpv7suwaod5ofb14shb2mx3ar Botsalano jwa Botswana le Aforika Borwa 0 14685 53364 53302 2026-07-27T14:18:00Z JudithShe 9421 Ke baakantse thanolo e #Wikipedia25BW 53364 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Botswana South Africa Locator.png|thumb]] '''Botsalano jwa Botswana le Aforikaborwa''' ke botsalano jwa mo ditsong le jwa gompieno jwa mafatshe a [[Botswana]] le [[Aforika Borwa|Aforikaborwa]] . Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisikgolo ya boemedi kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]], mme la [[Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa l]]<nowiki/>e na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Gaborone]] . Mafatshe o o mabedi ke dikolone tsa pele tsa Britain le maloko a lekgotla la African Union, [[mafatshe a selekane]] le [[Southern African Development Community|Setšhaba sa Tlhabololo ya Borwa jwa Aforika]] ( SADC ) .<ref>Schenoni, Luis (2017) "Subsystemic Unipolarities?"in Strategic Analysis, 41(1): 74-86</ref> == Ditso == Motheo wa botsalano jo o simolotse morago ga go tlhongwa ga [[Southern African Customs Union|Mokgatlho wa Melelwane wa Borwa jwa Aforika]] ( SACU ) ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le lesome . <ref>{{Cite web |title=SARPN - Botswana |url=http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0001250/index.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322153410/http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0001250/index.php |archive-date=2019-03-22 |access-date=2009-07-14 |website=www.sarpn.org.za}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le botlhano lefatshe la A[[Tlhaselo mo Gaborone|forika Borwa le ne la simolola letsholo la sesole go ya kwa Gaborone]], le tlhasela batho ba [[African National Congress]] kwa Botswana . Ditlhaselo tse di ne tsa kgalwa ke mmueledi wa ga tautona wa Amerika [[Ronald Reagan]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Boston.com Local Search - Boston Globe Archives |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BG&p_theme=bg&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EADED821197B2AD&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |website=nl.newsbank.com}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borataro Tautona [[Quett Masire]] wa Botswana o ne a re baagisani ba batho bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ba tlaa sotlega thata fa mafatshe a Bophirima a ka tsenya dikiletso tsa itsholelo mo Aforika Borwa. O rile, "Go bonala sentle gore ga re ka ke ra thibela Bophirima go tsenya dikiletso mo Aforika Borwa, mme re amogela mofuta mongwe le mongwe wa kgatelelo mo pusong [[Tlhaolele|ya tlhaolele]] ." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archives: Chicago Tribune - BOTSWANA FEARS IRE OF S. AFRICANS |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24918651.html?dids=24918651:24918651&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jul+09,+1986&author=Chicago+Tribune+wires&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=BOTSWANA+FEARS+IRE+OF+S.+AFRICANS&pqatl=google |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021143154/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24918651.html?dids=24918651:24918651&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jul+09,+1986&author=Chicago+Tribune+wires&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=BOTSWANA+FEARS+IRE+OF+S.+AFRICANS&pqatl=google |archive-date=October 21, 2012 |website=pqasb.pqarchiver.com}}</ref> Botsalano gareng ga Aforika Borwa le Botswana bo ne bo dirwa semmuso ka go tlhoma diofisi tsa boemedi mo mafatsheng ka bobedi ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bobedi. Go tlhabololwa ga botsalano go ya kwa maemong a a feletseng a botsalano go diragetse ka Seetebogiso a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bone. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of International Relations and Cooperation - South Africa |url=http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/bilateral/botswana.html |website=www.dfa.gov.za}}</ref> Mafatshe a mabedi a ne a na le botsalano jo bo siameng ka nako ya botautona jwa ga Thabo Mbeki le [[Festus Mogae]] . Ka nako ya botautona jwa ga [[Jacob Zuma]] le [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]], botsalano bo ne jwa wela tlase ka ntlha ya dipharologano ka go thapiwa ga [[African Union|Kopano ya Aforika]], tshwetso ya Aforika Borwa ya go ikgogela morago mo Kgotlatshekelong ya Bosenyi ya mafatshefatshe le Zimbabwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=JIKA |first=THABO MOKONE and THANDUXULO |title=Zuma going nowhere, irate SA tells Khama |url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/stnews/2016/11/13/Zuma-going-nowhere-irate-SA-tells-Khama |access-date=2016-11-13 |website=Sunday Times}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe, [[Phathi ya Tomokoraga|Botswana Democratic Party]], phathi e e busang mo [[Botswana]], e ne ya tsenela Mekgatlho ya Kgololesego ya Pele ya Aforika Borwa, e gape e akaretsang ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-29 |title=Obert Mpofu attends Botswana Democratic Party congress |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-222870.html |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=Bulawayo24 News}}</ref> == Tirisanommogo == Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro, tautona wa Aforikaborwa, [[Thabo Mbeki]] o ne a etela tautona wa Botswana [[Festus Mogae]] . Mafatshe a mabedi a ne a ntshitse kitsiso e e reng baeteledipele ba ba babedi ba mafatshe a mabedi ba sekasekile dintlha tsa mafatshe a mabedi, tsa kgaolo, le tsa mafatshefatshe tse di nang le dikgatlhego tse di tshwanang, jaaka Tumalano ya go Tlhoma komiti e e Kopanetsweng ya sennela ruri ya Tirisanommogo magareng ga Botswana le Aforika Borwa. Baeteledipele ba babedi ba gape ba tlhagisitse tlhokego ya "go thusa batho ba Zimbabwe go rarabolola mathata a a lebaneng le lefatshe la bone". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Apps - Access My Library - Gale |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-22699143_ITM |website=www.accessmylibrary.com}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatseele ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi, Botautona ba mafatshe ka bobedi ba ne ba dumalana go bereka mmogo go rarabolola mathata a kwa [[Zimbabwe]] morago ga ditlhopho tsa botautona. == Ditumalano == * Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro, mafatshe a mabedi a no a ne a baya monwana tumalano ya go duedisa lekgetho gabedi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana And South Africa Sign Double Taxation Agreement |url=http://www.tax-news.com/archive/story/Botswana_And_South_Africa_Sign_Double_Taxation_Agreement_xxxx13009.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926224804/http://www.tax-news.com/archive/story/Botswana_And_South_Africa_Sign_Double_Taxation_Agreement_xxxx13009.html |archive-date=2009-09-26 |access-date=2009-07-14 |website=www.tax-news.com}}</ref> * Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano, mafatshe a mabedi a a ne baya monwana ditumalano di le thataro tsa go tokafatsa tirisanommogo mo maphateng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le temothuo, boitekanelo, pusoselegae, metshameko, setso le dipalamo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Apps - Access My Library - Gale |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9803737_ITM |website=www.accessmylibrary.com}}</ref> * Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro, matona a tikologo a mafatshe a mabedi a, mmogo le Zimbabwe, ba ne ba baya monwana gore go nne le phaka e ntšha ya diphologolo tse di kgabaganyang melelwane e e bidiwang Lefelo la Tshomarelo la Limpopo-Shashe le le kgabaganyang melelwane ya Botswana, Aforika Borwa le Zimbabwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=IOL: News for South Africa and the World |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=84&art_id=vn20060622230411551C638841 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821113237/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 |archive-date=2010-08-21 |access-date=2009-07-14}}</ref> * Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa, [[Botswana Railways|Diterena tsa Botswana]] di ne tsa baya monwana tumalano le lephata la diterena tsa Aforikaborwa la Spoornet . Tumelano e tla felela ka kgwebo e e kopanetsweng le go nyalanya ditsholofelo go ya ka kabo ya didirisiwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mmegi Online :: BR, Spoornet sign business agreement |url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=20&dir=2007/April/Tuesday17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907132600/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=20&dir=2007%2FApril%2FTuesday17 |archive-date=2017-09-07 |access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref> Seno se ne sa latela dipuisano fa gare ga badirisi ba babedi bao ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mmegi Online - Business Week |url=http://www.mmegi.bw/2006/August/Wednesday2/10051232661082.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223122341/http://www.mmegi.bw/2006/August/Wednesday2/10051232661082.html |archive-date=2012-02-23 |access-date=2009-07-14 |website=www.mmegi.bw}}</ref> == DitsHedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Botsalano jwa lefatshe la Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe]] * [[Botsalano jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe]] == Metswedi == {{Reflist|2}} [[Karolo:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Karolo:Articles with short description]] emq7v1jljmezznqnoek8kqxgei2oy1y 53422 53364 2026-07-28T02:38:31Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53422 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Botswana South Africa Locator.png|thumb]] '''Botsalano jwa Botswana le Aforikaborwa''' ke botsalano jwa mo ditsong le jwa gompieno jwa mafatshe a [[Botswana]] le [[Aforika Borwa|Aforikaborwa]] . Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisikgolo ya boemedi kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]], mme la [[Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa l]]<nowiki/>e na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Gaborone]] . Mafatshe o o mabedi ke dikolone tsa pele tsa Britain le maloko a lekgotla la African Union, [[mafatshe a selekane]] le [[Southern African Development Community|Setšhaba sa Tlhabololo ya Borwa jwa Aforika]] ( SADC ) .<ref>Schenoni, Luis (2017) "Subsystemic Unipolarities?"in Strategic Analysis, 41(1): 74-86</ref> == Ditso == Motheo wa botsalano jo o simolotse morago ga go tlhongwa ga [[Southern African Customs Union|Mokgatlho wa Melelwane wa Borwa jwa Aforika]] ( SACU ) ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le lesome . <ref>{{Cite web |title=SARPN - Botswana |url=http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0001250/index.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322153410/http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0001250/index.php |archive-date=2019-03-22 |access-date=2009-07-14 |website=www.sarpn.org.za}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le botlhano lefatshe la A[[Tlhaselo mo Gaborone|forika Borwa le ne la simolola letsholo la sesole go ya kwa Gaborone]], le tlhasela batho ba [[African National Congress]] kwa Botswana . Ditlhaselo tse di ne tsa kgalwa ke mmueledi wa ga tautona wa Amerika [[Ronald Reagan]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Boston.com Local Search - Boston Globe Archives |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BG&p_theme=bg&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EADED821197B2AD&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |website=nl.newsbank.com}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borataro Tautona [[Quett Masire]] wa Botswana o ne a re baagisani ba batho bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ba tlaa sotlega thata fa mafatshe a Bophirima a ka tsenya dikiletso tsa itsholelo mo Aforika Borwa. O rile, "Go bonala sentle gore ga re ka ke ra thibela Bophirima go tsenya dikiletso mo Aforika Borwa, mme re amogela mofuta mongwe le mongwe wa kgatelelo mo pusong [[Tlhaolele|ya tlhaolele]] ." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archives: Chicago Tribune - BOTSWANA FEARS IRE OF S. AFRICANS |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24918651.html?dids=24918651:24918651&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jul+09,+1986&author=Chicago+Tribune+wires&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=BOTSWANA+FEARS+IRE+OF+S.+AFRICANS&pqatl=google |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021143154/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24918651.html?dids=24918651:24918651&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jul+09,+1986&author=Chicago+Tribune+wires&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=BOTSWANA+FEARS+IRE+OF+S.+AFRICANS&pqatl=google |archive-date=October 21, 2012 |website=pqasb.pqarchiver.com}}</ref> Botsalano gareng ga Aforika Borwa le Botswana bo ne bo dirwa semmuso ka go tlhoma diofisi tsa boemedi mo mafatsheng ka bobedi ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bobedi. Go tlhabololwa ga botsalano go ya kwa maemong a a feletseng a botsalano go diragetse ka Seetebogiso a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bone. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of International Relations and Cooperation - South Africa |url=http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/bilateral/botswana.html |website=www.dfa.gov.za}}</ref> Mafatshe a mabedi a ne a na le botsalano jo bo siameng ka nako ya botautona jwa ga Thabo Mbeki le [[Festus Mogae]] . Ka nako ya botautona jwa ga [[Jacob Zuma]] le [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]], botsalano bo ne jwa wela tlase ka ntlha ya dipharologano ka go thapiwa ga [[African Union|Kopano ya Aforika]], tshwetso ya Aforika Borwa ya go ikgogela morago mo Kgotlatshekelong ya Bosenyi ya mafatshefatshe le Zimbabwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=JIKA |first=THABO MOKONE and THANDUXULO |title=Zuma going nowhere, irate SA tells Khama |url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/stnews/2016/11/13/Zuma-going-nowhere-irate-SA-tells-Khama |access-date=2016-11-13 |website=Sunday Times |archive-date=2016-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120232348/http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/stnews/2016/11/13/Zuma-going-nowhere-irate-SA-tells-Khama |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe, [[Phathi ya Tomokoraga|Botswana Democratic Party]], phathi e e busang mo [[Botswana]], e ne ya tsenela Mekgatlho ya Kgololesego ya Pele ya Aforika Borwa, e gape e akaretsang ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-29 |title=Obert Mpofu attends Botswana Democratic Party congress |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-222870.html |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=Bulawayo24 News}}</ref> == Tirisanommogo == Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro, tautona wa Aforikaborwa, [[Thabo Mbeki]] o ne a etela tautona wa Botswana [[Festus Mogae]] . Mafatshe a mabedi a ne a ntshitse kitsiso e e reng baeteledipele ba ba babedi ba mafatshe a mabedi ba sekasekile dintlha tsa mafatshe a mabedi, tsa kgaolo, le tsa mafatshefatshe tse di nang le dikgatlhego tse di tshwanang, jaaka Tumalano ya go Tlhoma komiti e e Kopanetsweng ya sennela ruri ya Tirisanommogo magareng ga Botswana le Aforika Borwa. Baeteledipele ba babedi ba gape ba tlhagisitse tlhokego ya "go thusa batho ba Zimbabwe go rarabolola mathata a a lebaneng le lefatshe la bone". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Apps - Access My Library - Gale |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-22699143_ITM |website=www.accessmylibrary.com}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatseele ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi, Botautona ba mafatshe ka bobedi ba ne ba dumalana go bereka mmogo go rarabolola mathata a kwa [[Zimbabwe]] morago ga ditlhopho tsa botautona. == Ditumalano == * Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro, mafatshe a mabedi a no a ne a baya monwana tumalano ya go duedisa lekgetho gabedi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana And South Africa Sign Double Taxation Agreement |url=http://www.tax-news.com/archive/story/Botswana_And_South_Africa_Sign_Double_Taxation_Agreement_xxxx13009.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926224804/http://www.tax-news.com/archive/story/Botswana_And_South_Africa_Sign_Double_Taxation_Agreement_xxxx13009.html |archive-date=2009-09-26 |access-date=2009-07-14 |website=www.tax-news.com}}</ref> * Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano, mafatshe a mabedi a a ne baya monwana ditumalano di le thataro tsa go tokafatsa tirisanommogo mo maphateng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le temothuo, boitekanelo, pusoselegae, metshameko, setso le dipalamo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Apps - Access My Library - Gale |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9803737_ITM |website=www.accessmylibrary.com}}</ref> * Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro, matona a tikologo a mafatshe a mabedi a, mmogo le Zimbabwe, ba ne ba baya monwana gore go nne le phaka e ntšha ya diphologolo tse di kgabaganyang melelwane e e bidiwang Lefelo la Tshomarelo la Limpopo-Shashe le le kgabaganyang melelwane ya Botswana, Aforika Borwa le Zimbabwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=IOL: News for South Africa and the World |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=84&art_id=vn20060622230411551C638841 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821113237/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 |archive-date=2010-08-21 |access-date=2009-07-14}}</ref> * Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa, [[Botswana Railways|Diterena tsa Botswana]] di ne tsa baya monwana tumalano le lephata la diterena tsa Aforikaborwa la Spoornet . Tumelano e tla felela ka kgwebo e e kopanetsweng le go nyalanya ditsholofelo go ya ka kabo ya didirisiwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mmegi Online :: BR, Spoornet sign business agreement |url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=20&dir=2007/April/Tuesday17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907132600/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=20&dir=2007%2FApril%2FTuesday17 |archive-date=2017-09-07 |access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref> Seno se ne sa latela dipuisano fa gare ga badirisi ba babedi bao ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mmegi Online - Business Week |url=http://www.mmegi.bw/2006/August/Wednesday2/10051232661082.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223122341/http://www.mmegi.bw/2006/August/Wednesday2/10051232661082.html |archive-date=2012-02-23 |access-date=2009-07-14 |website=www.mmegi.bw}}</ref> == DitsHedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Botsalano jwa lefatshe la Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe]] * [[Botsalano jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe]] == Metswedi == {{Reflist|2}} [[Karolo:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Karolo:Articles with short description]] nzbhcrmg1yjh6k4qijnk55fkas3z2v2 Khoisan(Baopedi) 0 14686 53400 53301 2026-07-27T19:09:26Z MmaBaggio 11091 53400 wikitext text/x-wiki Khoisan ke setlhopha sa Motswana Afro fusion duo go tswa kwa [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]], se se bopilweng ke Thabang Rasefako le Oratile Kofa. Kwa {{Infobox musical artist|Name=Khoisan|Origin=[[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]]|Genre=[[Afro fusion]]|Years_active=2018–present|Label=Roc Lefatshe Records|current_member_of=Thabang Rasefako<br />Oratile Kofa|past_member_of=Mosimanegape Mosweu<br />Olerato Kennetseng<br />Nita Lempaletse}} tshimologong e ne ya bopiwa ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi jaaka setlhopha sa maloko a le matlhano ka fa tlase ga Roc Lefatshe Records, setlhopha se ne sa fokotswa go nna duo morago ga go rulaganngwa sesha ka fa teng. Ba itsege ka go tswakanya medumo ya segompieno le ya setso ya Seaforika mme dipina tsa bone di akaretsa Marabele, Sethubuge, Sananpopo, le Mpoledise. <ref name=":0">Sharon Mathala (28 September 2021). "[https://thevoicebw.com/the-dynamic-duo/ The dynamic duo]". The Voice Botswana. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> Khoisan e ne ya tlhamiwa ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi fa baopedi ba le batlhano, Mosimanegape Mosweu, Thabang Rasefako, Olerato Kennetseng, Oratile Kofa, le Nita Lempaletse, ba ne ba kopana mmogo ka tlhatlhobo e e neng e dirilwe ke motlhami Suffocate wa Roc Lefatshe Records. Modumo wa setlhopha o ne wa tlhalosiwa jaaka motswako wa segompieno wa Afro-fusion le tlhotlheletso e e nonofileng ya setso sa Seaforika, e e neelang melaetsa e e ikaeletseng go godisa le go fodisa bareetsi. <ref>Wame Motimane (8 March 2019). "[https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/khoisan-making-fresh-waves/news Khoisan making fresh waves]". Mmegi Online. Retrieved 16 March2026.</ref> Mo dikgweding di le tharo morago ga go tlhamiwa, setlhopha sa ntlha sa maloko a le matlhano se ne sa nna le dikgotlhang tsa ka fa gare tse di neng tsa dira gore se rulaganngwe sesha. Setlhopha se ne sa fokotswa go nna maloko a le mabedi, Rasefako le Kofa; ka tumelano magareng ga maloko le letshwao. Bobedi ba ne ba boloka leina la Khoisan le ditshwanelo tsa mmino mo direkotong tse di latelang, mme e ne e le fela pina ya ntlha ya Marabele e e neng e le ya setlhopha sa ntlha sa maloko a le matlhano. <ref name=":0" /> == Tiro == Khoisan ba ne ba dira tumalano ya go gatisa le khamphani ya rekoto ya Afrika Borwa ya Muthaland ka pina ya bone ya ntlha e e bidiwang Marabele, e e neng ya tshameka le mo Mafikeng FM kwa porofenseng ya Afrika Borwa ya Bokone Bophirima. Setlhopha se ne sa etela porofense ya Bokone Bophirima ka bonako fela morago ga gore tumalano e itsisiwe. <ref>Irene Shone (6 March 2019). "[https://guardiansun.co.bw/Vibe/khoisan-clinches-deal-with-sa-record-label Khoisan clinches deal with SA record label".] Guardian Sun / Midweek Sun. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> Jaaka duo, Rasefako le Kofa ba ne ba tswelela go golola mmino ka Roc Lefatshe Records, go akaretsa le di-single tsa Sethubuge le Sananpopo. Pina ya bone ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe ya Mpoledise e ne ya nna nngwe ya dipina tse di neng di utlwiwa thata kwa Botswana mo ngwageng oo, mme ba ne ba lemoga gore ditlhogo tsa yone tsa boiketlo le go itshokelana di ne tsa utlwala mo bareetsing ka nako ya leroborobo la COVID-19, le fa pina e ne e sa kwalwa go tsibogela leroborobo leno. <ref name=":0" /> Bobedi jo bo ne ba tlhophiwa go tshameka kwa konsareteng ya FNB ya Letsatsi la Aforika ka thulaganyo ya go bouta ya setšhaba mo Botswana e neng ya bouta ka baopedi ba ba neng ba batla go bona ba emela naga mo seraleng sa kontinente. Ba ne ba kopanngwa le mophato wa Mophato Dance crew go diragatsa. <ref name=":0" /> Khoisan o ne a tshameka gape kwa [[Yarona FM Music Awards (YAMAs]]) le mo kgaisanong ya Mma Bontle wa Botswana. Ka nako ya ditlhopho tsa bone tsa YAMA tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi,makgolo a mabedi le bongwe, ba ne ba tshwere ditlhopho di le pedi kwa YAMA le di le nne kwa Botswana Outstanding Music Awards (BOMUs).<ref name=":0" /> Setlhopha se se tlhageletse mo thelebišeneng ya Afrika Borwa ya [[Mzansi Magic's]] Afropop Nation program. <ref>[https://www.dstv.com/mzansimagic/en-za/video/behind-the-scenes-with-khoisan-afropop-nation Behind the scenes with Khoisan – Afropop Nation]". Mzansi Magic / DStv. Retrieved 16 March2026.</ref> == Dipina == === Ka bongwe jwa tsone === * ''Marabele (2018) debut single, featuring the original five-member lineup'' * ''Sethubuge'' * ''Sananpopo'' * ''Mpoledise (2021'' == Metswedi == dt44298llvkkuochnsa5hbv3r7i3fgz Noka ya Bonwapitse 0 14690 53378 53310 2026-07-27T15:58:56Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "__LEAD_SECTION__" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296929566|Bonwapitse River]]" 53378 wikitext text/x-wiki Bonwapitse ke noka e e mo bogare jwa lefatshe la Botswana. <ref>[https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin".] ''www.fao.org''. Retrieved 23 June 2025. </ref>Noka e e lekanyeditswe go nna dimetara dile makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borataro (2,907 ft) kwa godimo ga boalogodimo jwa lewatle, mme e na le bogolo jwa 1,202,985 ha. Leina la noka le teng ka ditsela di le mmalwa: Noka ya Bonapitse, Bonapitsi, Bonwapitse. Gompieno noka eno e elela mo nageng e e sephaphathi, e e omeletseng e e nang le bojang jwa savannah, ditlhatshana le ditlhare. Noka eno e a elela ka dinako dingwe ka paka ya dipula, e e simololang ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Moranang, mme mo nakong e e setseng ya ngwaga e nna e omile. E elela kwa tlase ga lefelo le e kopanelang kwa go lone le Noka ya Serorome. Metswedi == __LEAD_SECTION__ == '''Bonwapitse''' ke noka e e fitlhelwang mo kgaolong ya Bogare ya [[Botswana]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin |url=https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evolution of the Limpopo River Basin in Botswana based on morphometric and morphotectonic features from selected rivers using GIS techniques |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24749508.2023.2219492}}</ref> Noka e go fopholetswa gore e dimithara di le makgolo a le boferabobedi le masome a le boferabobedi le borataro (2,907ft) kwa godimo ga bogodimo jwa lewatle, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bonwapitse stream, Central, Botswana |url=https://bw.geoview.info/bonwapitse,933873 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=bw.geoview.info}}</ref> mme ka botona e tsere kgaolo ya diheketara di le sedikadike le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi le bobedi le makgolo a le boferabongwe le masome a le boferabobedi le botlhano Leina la noka e le teng ka mefuta e le mmalwa: Noka ya Bonapitse, Bonapitsi, Bonwapitse. Gompieno noka e elela mo lefatsheng le le sephaphathi, le omeletseng go le sekae e bile le na le naga ya bojang, ditlhatshana le ditlhare. Noka e e elela nako le nako mo pakeng ya dipula, e e simololang ka Ngwanatseele go fitlha ka Moranang, mme mo nakong e e setseng ya ngwaga e a bo e omeletse. E elela fa tlase ga fa e kopanang teng le Noka ya Serorome . 88cxglrruyxczxdhbxr4aw2h0mh6js7 53380 53378 2026-07-27T16:01:48Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Links added, proper setswana pronouns 53380 wikitext text/x-wiki Bonwapitse ke noka e e mo bogare jwa lefatshe la Botswana. <ref>[https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin".] ''www.fao.org''. Retrieved 23 June 2025. </ref>Noka e e lekanyeditswe go nna dimetara dile makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borataro (2,907 ft) kwa godimo ga boalogodimo jwa lewatle, mme e na le bogolo jwa 1,202,985 ha. Leina la noka le teng ka ditsela di le mmalwa: Noka ya Bonapitse, Bonapitsi, Bonwapitse. Gompieno noka eno e elela mo nageng e e sephaphathi, e e omeletseng e e nang le bojang jwa savannah, ditlhatshana le ditlhare. Noka eno e a elela ka dinako dingwe ka paka ya dipula, e e simololang ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Moranang, mme mo nakong e e setseng ya ngwaga e nna e omile. E elela kwa tlase ga lefelo le e kopanelang kwa go lone le Noka ya Serorome. Metswedi == __LEAD_SECTION__ == '''Bonwapitse''' ke noka e e fitlhelwang mo kgaolong ya Bogare ya [[Botswana]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin |url=https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evolution of the Limpopo River Basin in Botswana based on morphometric and morphotectonic features from selected rivers using GIS techniques |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24749508.2023.2219492}}</ref> Noka e e lekanyediwe gore e dimithara di le makgolo a le boferabobedi le masome a le boferabobedi le borataro (2,907ft) kwa godimo ga bogodimo jwa lewatle, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bonwapitse stream, Central, Botswana |url=https://bw.geoview.info/bonwapitse,933873 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=bw.geoview.info}}</ref> mme ka botona e tsere kgaolo ya diheketara di le sedikadike le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi le bobedi le makgolo a le boferabongwe le masome a le boferabobedi le botlhano Leina la noka e le teng ka mefuta e le mmalwa: Noka ya Bonapitse, Bonapitsi, Bonwapitse. Gompieno noka e elela mo lefatsheng le le sephaphathi, le omeletseng go le sekae e bile le na le naga ya bojang, ditlhatshana le ditlhare. Noka e e elela nako le nako mo pakeng ya dipula, e e simololang ka Ngwanatseele go fitlha ka Moranang, mme mo nakong e e setseng ya ngwaga e a bo e omeletse. E elela fa tlase ga fa e kopanang teng le Noka ya Serorome . 70dltmhdlhj77bdcuu2jyg0xh0s8hkc 53381 53380 2026-07-27T16:02:45Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 53381 wikitext text/x-wiki == __LEAD_SECTION__ == '''Bonwapitse''' ke noka e e fitlhelwang mo kgaolong ya Bogare ya [[Botswana]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin |url=https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evolution of the Limpopo River Basin in Botswana based on morphometric and morphotectonic features from selected rivers using GIS techniques |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24749508.2023.2219492}}</ref> Noka e e lekanyediwe gore e dimithara di le makgolo a le boferabobedi le masome a le boferabobedi le borataro (2,907ft) kwa godimo ga bogodimo jwa lewatle, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bonwapitse stream, Central, Botswana |url=https://bw.geoview.info/bonwapitse,933873 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=bw.geoview.info}}</ref> mme ka botona e tsere kgaolo ya diheketara di le sedikadike le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi le bobedi le makgolo a le boferabongwe le masome a le boferabobedi le botlhano Leina la noka e le teng ka mefuta e le mmalwa: Noka ya Bonapitse, Bonapitsi, Bonwapitse. Gompieno noka e elela mo lefatsheng le le sephaphathi, le omeletseng go le sekae e bile le na le naga ya bojang, ditlhatshana le ditlhare. Noka e e elela nako le nako mo pakeng ya dipula, e e simololang ka Ngwanatseele go fitlha ka Moranang, mme mo nakong e e setseng ya ngwaga e a bo e omeletse. E elela fa tlase ga fa e kopanang teng le Noka ya Serorome . dd8g3rewmxh8rfzxvrxhyf1t8n5thbi 53382 53381 2026-07-27T16:03:05Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 53382 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bonwapitse''' ke noka e e fitlhelwang mo kgaolong ya Bogare ya [[Botswana]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin |url=https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evolution of the Limpopo River Basin in Botswana based on morphometric and morphotectonic features from selected rivers using GIS techniques |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24749508.2023.2219492}}</ref> Noka e e lekanyediwe gore e dimithara di le makgolo a le boferabobedi le masome a le boferabobedi le borataro (2,907ft) kwa godimo ga bogodimo jwa lewatle, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bonwapitse stream, Central, Botswana |url=https://bw.geoview.info/bonwapitse,933873 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=bw.geoview.info}}</ref> mme ka botona e tsere kgaolo ya diheketara di le sedikadike le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi le bobedi le makgolo a le boferabongwe le masome a le boferabobedi le botlhano Leina la noka e le teng ka mefuta e le mmalwa: Noka ya Bonapitse, Bonapitsi, Bonwapitse. Gompieno noka e elela mo lefatsheng le le sephaphathi, le omeletseng go le sekae e bile le na le naga ya bojang, ditlhatshana le ditlhare. Noka e e elela nako le nako mo pakeng ya dipula, e e simololang ka Ngwanatseele go fitlha ka Moranang, mme mo nakong e e setseng ya ngwaga e a bo e omeletse. E elela fa tlase ga fa e kopanang teng le Noka ya Serorome . 3l57lp5caggv20tf66w3x4lhirvhrg7 53383 53382 2026-07-27T16:03:51Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 53383 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bonwapitse''' ke noka e e fitlhelwang mo kgaolong ya Bogare ya [[Botswana]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin |url=https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evolution of the Limpopo River Basin in Botswana based on morphometric and morphotectonic features from selected rivers using GIS techniques |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24749508.2023.2219492}}</ref> Noka e e lekanyediwe gore e dimithara di le makgolo a le boferabobedi le masome a le boferabobedi le borataro (2,907ft) kwa godimo ga boalogodimo jwa lewatle, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bonwapitse stream, Central, Botswana |url=https://bw.geoview.info/bonwapitse,933873 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=bw.geoview.info}}</ref> mme ka botona e tsere kgaolo ya diheketara di le sedikadike le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi le bobedi le makgolo a le boferabongwe le masome a le boferabobedi le botlhano Leina la noka e le teng ka mefuta e le mmalwa: Noka ya Bonapitse, Bonapitsi, Bonwapitse. Gompieno noka e elela mo lefatsheng le le sephaphathi, le omeletseng go le sekae e bile le na le naga ya bojang, ditlhatshana le ditlhare. Noka e e elela nako le nako mo pakeng ya dipula, e e simololang ka Ngwanatseele go fitlha ka Moranang, mme mo nakong e e setseng ya ngwaga e a bo e omeletse. E elela fa tlase ga lefelo le e kopanang teng le Noka ya Serorome . ah8khx0r2cfbco2dwkl0sfeqdub550g Go phatlakana ga sesosane sa Cessna 208 kwa Moremi ka ngwaga wa 2011 0 14698 53346 2026-07-27T12:32:30Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Go phatlakana ga sesosane sa Cessna 208 kwa Moremi ka ngwaga wa 2011 #Wikipedia25BW 53346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox aircraft occurrence|name=Go phatlakana ga sefofane sa Moremi Air sa Cessna 208 ka 2011|image=Cessna 208 landing in Toronto.jpg|caption=Sefofane sa Cessna 208 Caravan se se tshwanang le se se amegileng|occurrence_type=Kotsi|Date=Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 2011|summary=Go tlhoka go emelela ga enjene|Site=Gaufi le Xakanaka kwa [[Botswana]]|Coordinates=19.200°S 23.427°E|aircraft_type=Cessna 208B Grand Caravan|Operator=[[Moremi Air]]|Origin=[[Mamelo a difofane a Maun]] [[Botswana]]|Stopover=Kampa ya Xakanaka|Stopover1=Maemelo a difofane a Maun|Destination=Kampa ya pom Pom [[Botswana]]|Occupants=ba le lesome le bobedi|Passengers=lesome le motso|Crew=a le mongwe|Fatalities=ba robabobedi|Injuries=ba le bane|Survivors=ba le bane}} Ka Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso, sefofane sa [[Cessna 208 Caravan]] turboprop sa bapagami se se neng se berekisiwa ke Moremi Air se ne sa phatlakana fa se le mo mosepeleng wa selegae go tswa kwa Xakanaka go ya [[Maun]], [[Botswana]], se ne sa tshwara molelo moragonyana ga se sena go emelela, sa bolaya batho ba robabobedi ba ba ba lesome le bobedi ba ba neng ba pagame sefofane seo.<ref name=":0">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15343061 "Botswana air crash kills European tourists".] ''BBC News''. 17 October 2011. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> Tshekatsheko e e dirilweng morago e ne ya supa fa sefofane se ne sa nna le bothata jwa engine fa se emelela, mo go gakaditsweng ke borai jwa tikologo ya Xakanaka, e e bakileng gore sefofane se thule ditlhare sa phatlhalala fa fatshe.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130622004959/http://www.ngamitimes.com/ "Moremi Air Partly Blamed For Crash".] ''The Ngami Times''. No.&nbsp;655. 21 June 2013. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013.</ref> == Ditso tsa sefofane == Sefofane se ne se dule kwa maemelong a difofane a Maun mo mosong wa Phalane a le lesome le bone ka metseletsele ya mehama ya dfofane kwa makgobokgobong a Okavango e e neng ya se isa kwa maemelong a dififane a Kasane. Morago ga go tshela lookwane koo, ka nako ya lesome le motso e fetilwe ke metsotso e le masome a matlhano, bapagami ba ne ba pagama sefofane. Sefofane se se latelang se ne se tlaa isa sefofane sa Cessna kwa kampeng ya Pom Pom, mme go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya gore se eme kwa Xakanaka go isa bapagami ba le babedi. Go ne go sena lenaneo la sefofane le le supang go ya kwa Xakanaka, gape go sa bolelelwa kwa sefofane se neng se tswa teng.<ref name=":1" /> Kwa Xakanaka, mokgweetsi o ne a bolelelwa gore o tshwanetse go ya go tsaya bapagami ba bangwe ba babedi ba ba yang Maun. Morago ga go nna sebete se molangwana, mokgweetsi o ne a dumalana go tsaya bapagami, a tswa kwa Xakanaka ka bapagami ba le lesome le motso, le ntswa melao ya kompone e ne e supa fa palo e ntsi ya bapagami ba ba tswang kwa lefelong leo e le lesome.<ref name=":1" /> Sefofane sa Grand caravan se ne sa emelela kwa molengwa Xakanaka ka nako ya bongwe e fetilwe ke metsotso e le masome a matlhano le botlhano. Ka ponyo ya leitlho morago ga e sena go emelela, engene ya latlhegelwa ke maatla sefofane sa thulana le ditlhare. Se ne sa phatlhalala ka nko pele dimithara di le makgolo a marataro go tswa kwa maemelong, ka molelo o o neng wa apesa sefofane ka bofefo, o tshuba bapagami ba le barataro le mokgweetsi mo ba neng ba sa kgone go lemogiwa. Setlhopha se se falotsang se ne sa fofesediwa koo sa fitlhela tshenyego e le mo molelong. Mopagami wa borobabobedi o ne a isiwa kwa kokelong mme morago a tlhokafala. Go supiwa ga batswasetlhabelo go ne go sa kgonege ga e ne e se ka maranyane a DNA fela.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Keakabetse, Boniface. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120423131918/http://mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=791&dir=2011%2FOctober%2FMonday17 "Seven tourists die in plane crash".] ''The Monitor''. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> == Sefofane == Sefofane se se neng se le mo tiragalong e ke sa Cessna 208B Grand Caravan, sa engene e le nngwe se se kgonang go tsaya batho ba le lesome le boraro ba akaretsa bbereki ba sone. Se ne se tsentswe engene ya Pratt & Whitney Canada PT61-114A. Se ne se kwadisitswe mo Botswana e le sa A2-AKD, se dirilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro.<ref>[https://aviation-safety.net/asndb/321034 "Accident Description".] [[:en:Flight_Safety_Foundation#Aviation_Safety_Network|Aviation Safety Network.]] 14 October 2011. Archived from the original on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> == Bapagami le babereki == Grand Caravan e ne e na le mokgweetsi a le nosi a pegile bapagami ba le supa. Bapagami bontsi e ne e le bajanala ba lotso lwa French le Swiss ba ba neng ba ya lefelong la diphologolo la itloso bodutu, mme gape se na le babereki ba puso ya Botswana ba le babedi go tswa kwa lephateng la dipagamo ba botlhe ba falotseng. Bangwe ba bapagami ba lotso lwa Swiss pele ba ne ba supilwe ka phoso e le ba lotso lwa Swedish.<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/news/no-swede-died-in-plane-crash/news "'No Swede died in plane crash'".] ''The Monitor''. 19 October 2011.</ref> Mokgweetsi e ne e le mookamedi wa Moremi Air, o tlhalositswe e le mokgweetsi wa kompone eo o o dirisiwang thata,a na le dioura tsa go kgweetsa di le dikete di le lesome le bobedi.<ref>Laing, Aislinn. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/botswana/8833010/British-pilot-who-died-in-Botswana-air-crash-named.html "British pilot who died in Botswana air crash named".] ''The Telegraph''. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Lotso !Bapagami !Babereki ba sefofane !Dintsho |- |France |ba le bane |0 |tse pedi |- |United Kingdom |a le mongwe |a le mongwe |ba le babedi |- |Switzerland |ba le bane |0 |ba le bane |- |Botswana |ba le babedi |0 |0 |- |Palo yotlhe |lesome le motso |a le mongwe |ba robabobedi |} == Tshekatsheko == Tshekatsheko ya go phatlakana e dirilwe ke lekgotla la dikotsi la lephata la dipalamo la Botswana. Maduo a yone a ne a gatisiwa ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le boraro.<ref>[https://www.caab.co.bw/caab-news-details.php?keepThis=true&TB_iframe=true&width=700&tid=402&type=news "AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT A2 AKD in the Delta"] . [[:en:Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_Botswana|Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana]]. 19 October 2011. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222134036/http://www.caab.co.bw/caab-news-details.php?keepThis=true&TB_iframe=true&width=700&tid=402&type=news|date=February 22, 2014}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Se se bakileng kotsi go fitlhetswe e le go retela go bereka ga engene ka ntlha ya go retela ga diphetlho.<ref name=":0" /> Diphetlho di ne di amilwe ke go tlhofofala ga tsone ka ntlha ya mogote o o kwa godimo, le ntswa go ne go sa kgona go supiwa fa e le gone go bakileng kotsi, go raya gore go tlhoka go bereka sentle ga didirisiwa kgotsa go sa bereke sentle ga engene go ka tswa go nnile le seabe.<ref name=":1" /> Pego e, e ne e remeletse gape le mo tsamaisong ya Moremi Air le go katisa, e fetsa ka gore ngwao ya pabalesego ya kompone e o e ne e sa elwe tlhoko mo pabalesego e neng e sa diriwe. Mabaka a mangwe a a supilweng ke go nna teng ga ditlhare tse ditelele mo tikologong ya tsela ya Xakanaka, tshwetso ya go pega bapagami ba bangwe go feta palo e e letlelesegang, go tlhoka go okamela sentle ga babereki le maemelo a difofane ga Civil Aviation Authority (CAAB) le go retelelwa ke go ntsha dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya engene ga modiri wa sefofane.<ref name=":1" /> DAI e ne ya dira dikgakololo di le mmalwa tsa pabalesego kwa CAAb e re go tshwanetse go okamelwa difofane mo go tseneletseng, mme ya gakolola Cessna modiri wa sefofane go netefatsa gore maranyane a a tsayang dintlha a sefofane a diriwe gore a seka a senngwa ke molelo.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == ltn178aqm6ojdzxdcxxvv61yl7i8udb Dipitse mo Botswana 0 14699 53347 2026-07-27T12:44:12Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE ya Dipitse mo Botswana 53347 wikitext text/x-wiki Pitse e ne ya tlisiwa kwa Botswana go tswa kwa Afrika Borwa ke babatlisisi le bakoloniale ba Yuropa mo lekgolong la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. Palo ya dipitse e ne ya oketsega thata mo sephatlong sa bobedi sa lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga, fa naga e sena go bona boipuso, ka ntlha ya go bo di ne di dirisediwa go tsoma le go bo di ne di sa tlhole di dirisiwa go rwala dithoto. Ka palo ya batho ba ba fetang dikete tse masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, dipitse di dirisetswa go tsoma, dikgaisano tsa mabelo le maeto a [[bojanala]]. Dipitse di bonwa thata kwa [[Maun]] le kwa dikgaolong tsa Bophirima, koo motlhaba wa Sekaka sa Kalahari o dirang gore go nne thata go tsamaya ka dikoloi. Kwa [[Botswana]] go na le mefuta e le lesome le bobedi ya dipitse, go akaretsa le dipitse tsa Arabia le tsa mofuta wa Thoroughbred. Gape go na le malwetse a le mmalwa a a bolayang dipitse, go akaretsa bolwetse jwa dipitse jwa Afrika, nagana le rabies. == Ditso tsa Dipitse == [[Pitse ya selegae]] ga se karolo ya ditso tsa Botswana ebile ga se ya selegae mo lefatseng leno,<ref name=":0">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFSenyatso1996]{{Harvtxt|Senyatso|1996|p=53}}</ref> e e itsegeng thata ka dipitse tsa naga , mofuta o o itsegeng thata<ref>Levin, Howard (2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=f9ZKxGG2KPMC&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PT48 ''A History of Horses Told by Horses: Horse Sense for Humans''.] Morgan James Publishing. p.&#x20;48. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-61448-416-5|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-61448-416-5</bdi>.]]</ref> o o neng wa nna teng pele ga [[phiri e e nang le marontho]].<ref>Diedrich, Cajus (2010)[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1040618210000443 . "Specialized horse killers in Europe: Foetal horse remains in the Late Pleistocene Srbsko Chlum-Komín Cave hyena den in the Bohemian Karst (Czech Republic) and actualistic comparisons to modern African spotted hyenas as zebra hunters".] ''Quaternary International, Climate Dynamics and Prehistoric Occupation: Eurasian Perspectives on Environmental Archaeology''. '''220''' (1): 174-18. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010QuInt.220..174D Bibcode:2010QuInt.220..174D.] [[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.01.023|doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.01.023.]] Retrieved 27 February 2023.</ref> Dipitse tsa ntlha tse di tlisitsweng mo borwa jwa Afrika di ne tsa tswa kwa [[Cape Town]] mo ngwagakgolong wa bo lesome le bosupa.<ref>Porter, Valerie; Alderson, Lawrence; Hall, Stephen; Sponenberg, Dan (2016). ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding'' (6th&#x20;ed.). CAB International. p.&#x20;1107. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-84593-466-8|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-84593-466-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Bontsi jwa dipitse tsa Botswana di ne di rekwa go tswa mo [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref name=":0" /> Go na le direkoto tsa dipatlisiso tsa kgaolo e e neng ya nna Bechuanaland mme morago ya nna Botswana ke monna wa lekgowa [[William Cornwallis Harris]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo le borataro, a latelwa ke bapalami ba bangwe ba basweu ba Yuropa ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane.<ref>Itard, Jacques (1986). [https://books.google.com/books?id=wQJNAAAAYAAJ&q=cheval+Botswana ''Les glossines ou mouches tsé-tsé, Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux''.] Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-85985-114-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-85985-114-9|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-2-85985-114-9</bdi>.]]</ref> === Ka fa tlase ga Bechuanaland Protectorate (1885-1966) === Fa kgaolo e e itsegeng jaaka "Bechuanaland" e ne e bolelwa e le lefelo le le sireleditsweng ke Boritane ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ele masome a mabedi le bongwe,ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bone, go ne ga tsaya dibeke di le thataro fela gore mapodisi, a bontsi jwa one a neng a tswa kwa Boritane, a simolole go rulaganya go laola kgaolo e ntšha.<ref name=":1">Hamley, Richard (2000). . Covos Day''[https://books.google.com/books?id=dz8FAQAAIAAJ&q=horse+police+Bechuanaland The Regiment: A History and the Uniforms of the British South Africa Police]''. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-620-25394-9|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-620-25394-9</bdi>.]]</ref>Tsona di ne di akaretsa sepodisi se se palameng, se se neng se dirisiwa go laola molelwane magareng ga Bechuanaland le Afrika Borwa. <ref>Bussy, William (2020). [https://books.google.com/books?id=9UQoEAAAQBAJ&dq=horse+Bechuanaland&pg=PT51 ''The British South African Police: Origins and Early History 1885–1901''.] Lulu Press, Inc. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-913294-33-5|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-913294-33-5</bdi>.]]</ref> <ref name=":1" />Bechuanaland Mounted Police, e e tlhamilweng ka 1885<ref>Noyoo, Ndangwa (2021). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kPQyEAAAQBAJ&dq=horse+police+Bechuanaland&pg=PA45 Social Welfare and Social Work in Southern Africa, African Sun Media]''. African Sun Media. p.&#x20;45. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-928480-76-1|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-928480-76-1</bdi>.]]</ref> ke Major Stanley Lowe go boloka thulaganyo le go thibela bogodu jwa dikgomo,<ref>Great Britain Colonial Office (1882). ''T[https://books.google.com/books?id=ef0wAQAAMAAJ&dq=horse+police+Bechuanaland&pg=RA8-PA58 ransvaal: Further Correspondence Respecting the Affairs of the Transvaal & Adjacent Territories...Presented to Both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty]''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ef0wAQAAMAAJ&dq=horse+police+Bechuanaland&pg=RA8-PA58 .] G.E.B. Eyre & W. Spottiswoode. p.&#x20;58.</ref>e ne ya tlhatlhamiwa ke Bechuanaland Border Police ka 1889 ⁇ 1890.<ref>Central Africa Historical Association (1975). [https://books.google.com/books?id=c3UvAQAAIAAJ&q=horse+police+Bechuanaland ''Rhodesian History: The Journal of the Central Africa Historical Association''.] The Journal of the Central Africa Historical Association. pp.&#x20;104–106.</ref> Bosupi jwa gore batho ba lefelo leno ba ne ba kopana le dipitse bo bonwa moragonyana. Ka 1916, Khama, Ksogi (kgosana ya morafe wa Bamangwato kwa Bechuanaland, o ne a itewa mo lengoleng ke pitse; o ne a laletsa morwawe Sekgoma II, yo o neng a le kwa botshwarong dingwaga di le 10, go busa kwa Serowe.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFMcIntyre2010]{{Harvtxt|McIntyre|2010|p=7}}</ref> Ka 1954, mokwadi John Brown o ne a tlhalosa go nna teng ga dipone mo kgaolong ya Gordonia ya Sekaka sa Kalahari, fa a ne a kile a akanya gore sekaka e ne e se tikologo e e siametseng dipitse.<ref>Brown, John (1954). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PzA1AQAAIAAJ The Thirsty Land, Hodder and Stoughton]''. p.&#x20;132.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1961 palo ya dipitse tsa Botswana e ne e lekanyeditswe go nna 7 663.<ref>Mortensen, Chris (2018). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9CESEAAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=SA8-PA73 The Handbook of Horses and Donkeys: Introduction to Ownership and Care]''. 5m Books Ltd. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-912178-99-5|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-912178-99-5</bdi>.]]</ref>Pitse ya selegae e tlhalosiwa jaaka "mohumagadi wa dikgomo tsa Botswana", ka gore tlhotlhwa ya yona ke dikgomo di le 3 go ya go di le 6, kgotsa diesele di le 15 go ya go di le 30.<ref>Lee, Richard (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=9085AAAAIAAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PA405 ''The !Kung San: Men, Women and Work in a Foraging Society''.] CUP Archive. p.&#x20;504. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22578-6|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-521-22578-6</bdi>.]]</ref>Banna ba kgaolo ya Nyae Nyae ba ne ba tlwaetse go tsoma ditshukudu ba palame dipitse, fela puso ya South West Africa e ne ya goeletsa gore se se seng molaong ka 1953. Go tloga ka nako eo, dipitse di ne tsa dirisiwa thata jaaka sepalangwa, mme go tsoma go ne ga tswelela ka kelotlhoko.<ref name=":2">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock2015]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|2015|p=226}}</ref>Ditlhaselo tsa go tsoma di dirwa bosigo, fa batsomi ba sa kgoneng go bonwa. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock2015]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|2015|p=225}}</ref>The Dobe! Kung e ne e ikaegile thata ka go tsoma kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo1960, fa palo ya bone e ne e gola mme ba ikaegile ka go dirisa dipitse, ditlhobolo le dikoloi tse di tsamayang ka dikoloi. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|pp=180–181}})</ref> === Fa e sale Botswana e tsaa boipuso (1966 go fitlha jaanong) === [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Police service in the 1970s.jpg|thumb|Mapodisi a Botswana a a tsamayang ka dipitse ka bo1970]] Tlhabololo ya ditsela le dipalangwa e dirile gore go se ka ga tlhola go dirisiwa dipitse mo mafelong mangwe a a nang le batho ba le bantsi.<ref name=":0" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, palo ya dipitse e ne ya gola go tswa go 11 000 ka 1970 go ya go 34 000 ka 1990. <ref name=":0" />Lengwe la mabaka a magolo a a dirileng gore go nne le phetogo eno e ne e le go tuma ga go tsoma ka dipitse.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=190}}</ref> Go palama pitse e ne ya nna mokgwa o o atlegileng thata wa go tsoma ka dingwaga tsa bo1970.<ref name=":3">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=186}}</ref>Ka bo1970 le bo1980, Ba-San ba Central Kalahari Game Reserve ba ne ba simolola go tsoma ka go palame dipitse, mme ka nako e le nngwe ba ne ba tlogela go dirisa metsu e e nang le botlhole go na le go dirisa marumo, ka ntlha ya lebelo le le neng le dirwa ke go palama dipitse, <ref>Mitchell, Peter (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=w07CBwAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PA316 Horse Nations: The Worldwide Impact of the Horse on Indigenous Societies Post-1492]''. OUP Oxford. p.&#x20;316. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-100881-8|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-19-100881-8</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":4">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996</ref>jaaka go bontshitswe ke dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng kwa kgaolong ya Xai/Xai (Ngamiland) magareng ga 1973 le 1980.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=199}}</ref> Seno e ne e le phetogo e kgolo mo thulaganyong ya bone ya go tsoma le mo go atlegeng ga bone: go dirisiwa ga dipitse go ne ga oketsa lefelo le le neng le tlhatlhobiwa ka nako ya go tsoma. <ref name=":3" />Mo dingwageng tsa bo 1980 le bo 1990, basha ba ba neng ba kgona go reka kgotsa go hira pitse ba ne ba rata mokgwa ono wa go tsoma ka lerumo, ka ntlha ya go fetisa bokgoni jwa go palama.<ref name=":3" /> == Ditiriso == [[Setshwantsho:Africa on the move, horse prep.jpg|thumb|Go baakanyetsa pitse go palangwa, ka ngwaga wa 2020]] Fela jaaka tonki, pitse e santse e dirisiwa jaaka sepalangwa se se gogwang ke dipitse le jaaka sepalangwa se se gogwang ke dipitse. <ref name=":0" /><ref>Birke, Lynda; Thompson, Kirrilly (2017). [https://books.google.com/books?id=LNZCDwAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PT35 ''(Un)Stable Relations: Horses, Humans and Social Agency''.] Routledge. pp.&#x20;35–36. I[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-317-38101-3|SBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-317-38101-3</bdi>.]]</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, e dirisiwa fela mo ntlheng eno kwa dikgaolong tsa Bophirima le Maun, ka ntlha ya maemo a a maswe a ditsela, tse gantsi di tletseng seretse. <ref name=":0" /> Dipitse gantsi di a palama go na le go nna di bofilwe. <ref name=":0" />Badisa ba dinku tsa Karakul kwa borwa jwa Kalahari ba dirisa dipitse, diesele le diesele. <ref>Nsoso, Shalaulani; Madimabe, Moleboge (2003). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228480831 "A survey of Karakul sheep farmers in Southern Kalahari, Botswana: management practices and constraints to improving production".] ''South African Journal of Animal Science''. '''4''': 23–27.</ref>Beng ba dipitse tsa go tsoma ba dirisa diphologolo tsa bone go dira ditiro tse dingwe tse di farologaneng.<ref name=":5">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=197}}</ref> The International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) database recognizes one national equestrian federation in Botswana, the Horse Society of Botswana (HSB).<ref name=":6">[https://data.fei.org/NFPages/NF/Details/Federation/18/THE-HORSE-SOCIETY-OF-BOTSWANA- ''NATIONAL FEDERATION – BOTSWANA – (BOT)''.] Fédération équestre internationale. Retrieved 2 March 2023.</ref> Mokgatlho wa boditšhabatšhaba wa metshameko ya go palama dipitse (FEI) o lemoga lekgotla la bosetšhaba la go palama dipitse kwa Botswana, Mokgatlho wa Dipitse wa Botswana (HSB).<ref name=":6" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, naga ga e ise e ke e gape metlele wa kgaisano ya dipitse ya boditšhabatšhaba (World Equestrian Games kgotsa Olympic Games).<ref name=":6" /> Ka 2023, Mokgatlho wa Dipitse wa Botswana o rulaganya dikgaisano di le lesome tsa semmuso mo nageng: di le nne tsa go tlola, e le nngwe ya go apara, e le nngwe ya go kgweetsa, di le tlhano tsa go palama, e le nngwe ya go kgweetsa, e le nngwe ya go dira metshameko ya go kgweetsa, e le nngwe ya go dira metshameko ya go kgweetsa, e le nngwe ya go dira metshameko ya go kgweetsa, e le nngwe ya go apara le e le nngwe ya go dirisa ditshipi. <ref name=":6" /> Mo thesis ya gagwe e e neng ya sirelediwa ka 2020 kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana, Tinieri Maeresera a re boloko jwa dipitse bo ka kgona go nontsha masimo a Cenchrus ciliaris. <ref>Maeresera, Tinieri (2020). [https://researchhub.buan.ac.bw/handle/13049/303 "Comparative assessment of the effects of horse manure and urea as nitrogen sources on seed yield, forage production and nutritional quality of Cenchrus ciliaris post seed harvesting".] ''Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources''.</ref> == Go tsoma == [[Setshwantsho:Field assistants collecting gemsbok specimen..jpg|thumb|Fa go ne re tsongwa kgama ya Oryx ka dipitse ka ngwaga wa 1909]] Go tsoma ka dipitse go letleletswe semolao ka fa tlase ga molao wa Botswana, go letla batho ba ba tlholegang koo go tsoma mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng ka thuso ya dipitse, ditlhobolo le dintša tsa go tsoma. <ref>Prins, Herbert; Grootenhuis, Jan; Dolan, Thomas (2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=HZpfBgAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PT554 ''Wildlife Conservation by Sustainable Use''.] Springer Science & Business Media. p.&#x20;554. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-94-011-4012-6|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-94-011-4012-6</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":7">{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=188}}</ref>Molao wa 1992 wa Wildlife and National Parks Wildlife Act wa 1992 o thibela go tsoma go tswa mo dikoloing tse di tsamayang ka dikoloi, se se tlhalosang tiriso ya dipitse.<ref name=":2" />Melao ya Botswana e farologane le ya Namibia e e bapileng le yone, e e thibelang go tsoma ka dipitse gotlhelele. <ref name=":7" /> Go tsoma dipitse go tlwaelegile thata mo molelwaneng wa Botswana le Namibia.<ref name=":2" /> Ba-Mbanderu ba e dirisa go tsoma sekgala se seleele, ka dinako tse dingwe ba tsamaya le ! Kung.<ref name=":5" />Mo e ka nnang nngwe tharong ya batsomi ba Xai/Xai ba tlwaelane le go tsoma ka dipitse ba tshotse ditlhobolo kgotsa marumo.<ref>[[:en:Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996|Hhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=203}}</ref> Go tsoma o palame pitse go mosola thata mo go tsomeng di-eland, di-giraffe, le di-oryx gazelle.<ref name=":4" /> Gape e dira sentle thata mo go tsomeng di-antelope tse dikgolo, jaaka eland (Taurotragus oryx). <ref name=":3" />Gape go na le go tsomiwa ga nama ya diphologolo tsa naga (segolo thata kwa Okavango delta), go ikaegile ka tlhabololo ya bosheng ya mekgwa ya go lelekisa dipitse, e e leng kotsi mo bojanala. <ref>Rogan, Matthew; Lindsey, Peter; Tambling, Craig; Golabek, Krystyna (2017). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320717306432https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320717306432 "Illegal bushmeat hunters compete with predators and threaten wild herbivore populations in a global tourism hotspot".] ''Biological Conservation''. '''210''': 233–242. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017BCons.210..233R Bibcode:2017BCons.210..233R.] [[doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2017.04.020]]. [[hdl:2263/63592]]. Retrieved 2 March 2023.</ref> === Boitshoko === Go ya ka moporesidente wa Botswana Endurance Riding Association (BERA), Sharon Du Plessis, tlwaelo ya bosetšhaba ya go palama ka go itshoka e simolotse kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1990, fa bapalami ba le mmalwa ba Botswana ba ne ba lemoga gore go na le ba ba lekaneng go ka rulaganya dikgaisano tse di nang le mosola mo nageng ya bone, go na le go etela Afrika Borwa. [ Mokgwa ono o ne wa nna botlhokwa ka iketlo, mme ka 2006 o ne o na le ditlelapa di le pedi tsa selegae, e nngwe kwa Ghanzi mme e nngwe kwa Lobatse. <ref name=":8">{{Harvtxt|Du Plessis|2007|p=90}}</ref> BERA e dirisa thulaganyo ya vet-gate mo dikgaisanong tsa yone, go ya ka melao e e tlhomilweng ke Fédération équestre internationale.<ref name=":8" />Nako ya dikgaisano tsa mabelo a go itshoka gantsi e simolola ka Tlhakole go fitlha ka Seetebosigo, fa dithemperetšha di ka nna mogote thata.<ref name=":8" />Go tshwarwa dikgaisano tsa mabelo di ka nna thataro ngwaga le ngwaga mo Botswana, gantsi di feta 80 km.<ref name=":9">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFDu_Plessis2007]{{Harvtxt|Du Plessis|2007|p=91}}</ref> Nngwe ya dikgaisano tse di tumileng thata tsa go itshoka e tshwarelwa kwa Tau Tona Lodge kwa Ghanzi, kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari. <ref name=":8" />Lebelo la Lobatse, tiragalo e nngwe e e tlotlegang, e diragala mo mmung o o nang le matlapa mme e ngoka batsayakarolo go tswa kwa Spain, Abu Dhabi, Britain, Namibia le Afrika Borwa.<ref name=":8" /> Bakgweetsi ba Botswana ba gaisana mo Aforika Borwa go tsenela dikgaisanyo tsa sekgala se seleele tse di tlhokegang mo dikgaisanong tsa World Endurance Championships.<ref name=":9" /> Boitshoko gantsi bo dirwa le pitse ya Arabia, mofuta o o tsadisitsweng kwa Botswana. <ref name=":9" /> === Di-safari === [[Setshwantsho:The Horses Of Paje.jpg|thumb|Dipitse tse di berekang mo kgaolong ya Paje ka ngwaga wa 2020]] Botswana ke nngwe ya mafelo a a rategang thata mo Aforika a bojanala jwa go palama dipitse, mo setlhopheng sa bojanala jwa boithabiso. <ref>Ollenburg, Claudia (2005)[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14724040508668437 . "Worldwide Structure of the Equestrian Tourism Sector"]. ''Journal of Ecotourism''. '''4''' (1): 47–55. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JEcot...4...47O Bibcode:2005JEcot...4...47O]. [[doi:10.1080/14724040508668437|doi:10.1080/14724040508668437.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153381147 S2CID&#x20;153381147]. Retrieved 26 February 2023.</ref> Patlisiso ya sekao e e phasaladitsweng ka 2021 e bontsha gore ditiro tsa go palama dipitse di anaanelwa thata jaaka karolo ya mokgwa wa bojanala jwa tikologo. <ref>Vumbunu, Tonderai; Viviers, Pierre-Andre; Du Plessis, Engelina (2021). [https://bioone.org/journals/african-journal-of-wildlife-research/volume-51/issue-1/056.051.0019/A-Demand-Based-Analysis-of-Ecotourism-Product-Diversification-in-Botswana/10.3957/056.051.0019.short "A Demand-Based Analysis of Ecotourism Product Diversification in Botswana"]. ''African Journal of Wildlife Research''. '''51''' (1). [[doi:10.3957/056.051.0019|doi:10.3957/056.051.0019.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233577944 S2CID&#x20;233577944.] Retrieved 1 March 2023.</ref> Bakwadi ba le mmalwa ba dibuka tsa kaelo ba tlhalosa Botswana (ka 2010 le 2022) jaaka nngwe ya mafelo a mantle a Afrika a go ka tsaya leeto la go palama pitse, segolo thata ka ntlha ya mefutafuta ya diphologolo tsa naga. <ref>Doganieri, Elise (2022). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jn-HEAAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PA87 ''The Official Amazing Race Travel Companion: More Than 20 Years of Roadblocks, Detours, and Real-Life Activities to Experience Around the Globe''.] Simon and Schuster. p.&#x20;87. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-7739-3|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-9821-7739-3</bdi>.]]</ref> <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2SY_AQAAIAAJ&q=horse+botswana ''Botswana & Namibia''.] Lonely Planet. 2010. p.&#x20;160. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-922-0|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-74104-922-0</bdi>.]]</ref>Di-safari tse ka kakaretso di beetswe bapalami ba ba fetang dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi ba ba iketlang mo mekgweng yotlhe e meraro.[ 39][38] Go na le di-safari tse di tsamayang ka dipitse mo Okavango Delta[40] le go bapa le Noka ya Zambezi, gape le dikoloi tse di gogwang ke dipitse tsa setaele sa Victoria.[ 41] Se ke tiro e e ka nnang kotsi, jaaka dibatana (ditau, jalo le jalo) di ka tlhasela dipitse.[ 42] Mefuta ya dipitse tse di dirisiwang mo safari e akaretsa Thoroughbreds, Half-bloods, Arabs, Anglo-Arabs, Friesian crosses le dipitse tsa metshameko tsa selegae, sefapaano magareng ga Boer le American Saddlebred.[ 43] Tsotlhe di katisitswe mme di na le boleele jo bo magareng ga 1,42 m le 1,73 m.[ 43] == Go tsadisa == [[Setshwantsho:A horse in Mochudi.jpg|thumb|Dipitse tse pedi kwa Mochudi ka ngwaga wa 2022]] Batswana, ke batho ba badisa, ba tlwaetse go tsadisa mefuta yotlhe ya diphologolo tsa mo gae. Ba le mmalwa fela ! Kung o simolotse go nna le dipitse ka dingwaga tsa bo1960, e ka tswa e le tsa gagwe kgotsa e le karolo ya tiro ya molemirui wa mosweu. 14] Buka ya Equine Science (2017) ga e na tshekatsheko ya palo ya dipitse tsa Botswana;[45] le fa go ntse jalo, Chris J. Mortensen o supa go ya ka data go tswa go Mokgatlho wa Dijo le Temothuo wa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng (FAO) go nna teng ga letsomane la 30 907 ka 2014. 13] Ka ngwaga wa 2008, Oladimeji Idowu Oladele le Milly Monkhei ba ne ba neela tshedimosetso e e latelang ya bong le e e lekanyeditsweng ya go nna le palogotlhe ya dipitse di le 25 387 mo nageng: Maun le dikgaolo tsa Bophirima di tsadisa dipitse tse dintsi. 46] Gape go na le dipharologano tsa thutafatshe mo go nneng le dipitse: basadi mo kgaolong ya Maun ba na le dipitse tse dintsi go feta ba kwa dikgaolong tse dingwe.[ 47] Ga go itsiwe go le gontsi ka go ruiwa ga dipitse mo lefelong leno. [1] Bontsi jwa dipitse kwa Botswana di tsholwa mo dipolaseng tsa setso, tse go ka diregang gore di dirisa mokgwa o monnye o o laolwang wa go tsadisa ka go tlhopha. [2] 1] == Mefuta e e tsadisitsweng == [[Setshwantsho:Shepherd on donkey on the move.jpg|thumb|Morui wa mo polaseng o ipaakanyetsa go fudusa dipodi tsa gagwe ka ngwaga wa 2019]] Database ya DAD-IS e na le mefuta e le lesome le bobedi ya dipitse tse di dirisiwang ga jaana mo Botswana, le fa e le gore bontsi jwa tsona ga se mefuta e e tlholegileng mo lefelong leo: Appaloosa, Arabian, South African Boer, Hanoverian, Kalahari pony, Nooitgedachter, Quarter Horse, Thoroughbred, Tswana, Warmblood le Welsh pony.[ 48] Dipitse tsa mofuta o o feletseng di tsadisetswa mo lefelong leo go tsadisa, go dira tiro ya go palama dipitse le go dira lotseno, mmogo le mabaka a setso a a jaaka mabelo a dipitse le go palama dipitse. 49] Appaloosa,[50] Quarter Horse,[51] Nooitgedacht,[52] Arabian[53] le dipitse tsa metshameko[54] di tsadisetswa mabaka a a tshwanang, go tlaleletsa go tsoma, go lema ka ditlhopha le go busetsa boloko. Boer gape e dirisetswa bana go palama dipitse. 55] Tswana e tsadisetswa merero e e fa godimo, gammogo le nama ya yona.[ 56] Ga go na tshedimosetso e e leng teng ka tiriso ya Hanoverian[57] kgotsa Welsh.[ 58] Pony ya Kalahari[59] e tlhalosiwa jaaka "mofuta o o tlwaeditsweng wa selegae", mme ga go na tshedimosetso ya palo ya batho kgotsa tiriso e e leng teng. === Malwetse le go tshwaediwa ke megare === Botswana e na le bolwetse jwa rabies, jo bo ka amang dipitse ka sewelo (3.13% ya dikgetse tsa rabies tse di lemogilweng mo nageng eo magareng ga 1989 le 2006).[ Go ne ga begwa gore go na le ditlhaselo tse dintsi tsa equine influenza mo Afrika Borwa, Lesotho le Namibia, gaufi le molelwane le Botswana ka 1987, mme ga go na dikgetsi dipe tse di begilweng mo Botswana; fela fa ditlhaselo di sena go begwa, mesepele ya dipitse e ne ya thibelwa. 61] === Dintshi tsa Tsetse le Nagana === Mafelo a a mogote thata a borwa jwa Afrika a tletse ka dintsi tsa tsetse (Glossina), tse di fetisang trypanosomes, e leng dipharasaete tsa madi tse di bakang bolwetse jo bo bolayang mo dipaleng, nagana. [ Dintshi tseno di fitlhelwa go bapa le noka ya Limpopo, segolo thata fa e kopanang le noka ya Pongola. Mojanala Frank Vardon o ne a ribolola ditshenekegi tseno mo kgaolong eno fa a ne a tsamaya ka pitse ka 1845 kgotsa ka 1846.[ 5] === Bolwetse jwa dipitse jwa Afrika === Bolwetse jwa dipitse tsa Afrika ke mogare o o anamisiwang ke dinonyane tse dinnye tse di senyang borwa jwa Afrika ka metlha. 62] Tlhokomelo ya malwetse a leroborobo e bontsha gore magareng ga 1995 le 2004, go ne ga lemogiwa dikgetse tsa kalafi di le 99 kwa Botswana, tsotlhe mo dipitseng tse di sa entiwang. [ 63] Mefuta ya dibaketeria tse di fitlhelwang mo Botswana ke Culicoides miombo le Culicoides imicola,[64] e e fitlhelwang gantsi go ya ka patlisiso e e dirilweng kwa Gaborone ka 1997.[ 65] Se se na le ditlamorago tsa ikonomi mo beng ba dipitse (sekao, barulaganyi ba safari), mme gape go na le tatlhegelo ya maikutlo. 66] Di-carnivores tse di jang nama ya pitse e e tshwaeditsweng di ka nna tsa tshwaetsega.[ 67] Go na le matsholo a go oketsa kitso ya beng ba dipitse le go ba dira gore ba entiwe. 64] == Setso == Mo bukeng ya The Long Ride Home (2014), mokwadi Rupert Isaacson o bua ka loeto lwa gagwe le morwa wa gagwe wa autistic Rowan go palama dipitse mo gare ga Ba-Bushmen ba Namibia, mme kwa Botswana.[ 68] Isaacson o ne a thibelwa go tswa mo Botswana ka ntlha ya tshegetso ya gagwe ya batho ba San mo kgotlhang ya lefatshe la bagologolo mo Botswana.[ 69] , 9rt83ktswteou3ln848igg4n6uabptz 53394 53347 2026-07-27T18:43:16Z Lucrucia98 12161 53394 wikitext text/x-wiki Pitse e ne ya tlisiwa kwa Botswana go tswa kwa Afrika Borwa ke babatlisisi le bakoloniale ba Yuropa mo lekgolong la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. Palo ya dipitse e ne ya oketsega thata mo sephatlong sa bobedi sa lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga, fa naga e sena go bona boipuso, ka ntlha ya go bo di ne di dirisediwa go tsoma le go bo di ne di sa tlhole di dirisiwa go rwala dithoto. Ka palo ya batho ba ba fetang dikete tse masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, dipitse di dirisetswa go tsoma, dikgaisano tsa mabelo le maeto a [[bojanala]]. Dipitse di bonwa thata kwa [[Maun]] le kwa dikgaolong tsa Bophirima, koo motlhaba wa Sekaka sa Kalahari o dirang gore go nne thata go tsamaya ka dikoloi. Kwa [[Botswana]] go na le mefuta e le lesome le bobedi ya dipitse, go akaretsa le dipitse tsa Arabia le tsa mofuta wa Thoroughbred. Gape go na le malwetse a le mmalwa a a bolayang dipitse, go akaretsa bolwetse jwa dipitse jwa Afrika, nagana le rabies. == Ditso tsa Dipitse == [[Pitse ya selegae]] ga se karolo ya ditso tsa Botswana ebile ga se ya selegae mo lefatseng leno,<ref name=":0">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFSenyatso1996]{{Harvtxt|Senyatso|1996|p=53}}</ref> e e itsegeng thata ka dipitse tsa naga , mofuta o o itsegeng thata<ref>Levin, Howard (2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=f9ZKxGG2KPMC&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PT48 ''A History of Horses Told by Horses: Horse Sense for Humans''.] Morgan James Publishing. p.&#x20;48. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-61448-416-5|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-61448-416-5</bdi>.]]</ref> o o neng wa nna teng pele ga [[phiri e e nang le marontho]].<ref>Diedrich, Cajus (2010)[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1040618210000443 . "Specialized horse killers in Europe: Foetal horse remains in the Late Pleistocene Srbsko Chlum-Komín Cave hyena den in the Bohemian Karst (Czech Republic) and actualistic comparisons to modern African spotted hyenas as zebra hunters".] ''Quaternary International, Climate Dynamics and Prehistoric Occupation: Eurasian Perspectives on Environmental Archaeology''. '''220''' (1): 174-18. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010QuInt.220..174D Bibcode:2010QuInt.220..174D.] [[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.01.023|doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.01.023.]] Retrieved 27 February 2023.</ref> Dipitse tsa ntlha tse di tlisitsweng mo borwa jwa Afrika di ne tsa tswa kwa [[Cape Town]] mo ngwagakgolong wa bo lesome le bosupa.<ref>Porter, Valerie; Alderson, Lawrence; Hall, Stephen; Sponenberg, Dan (2016). ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding'' (6th&#x20;ed.). CAB International. p.&#x20;1107. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-84593-466-8|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-84593-466-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Bontsi jwa dipitse tsa Botswana di ne di rekwa go tswa mo [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref name=":0" /> Go na le direkoto tsa dipatlisiso tsa kgaolo e e neng ya nna Bechuanaland mme morago ya nna Botswana ke monna wa lekgowa [[William Cornwallis Harris]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo le borataro, a latelwa ke bapalami ba bangwe ba basweu ba Yuropa ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane.<ref name=":10">Itard, Jacques (1986). [https://books.google.com/books?id=wQJNAAAAYAAJ&q=cheval+Botswana ''Les glossines ou mouches tsé-tsé, Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux''.] Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-85985-114-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-85985-114-9|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-2-85985-114-9</bdi>.]]</ref> === Ka fa tlase ga Bechuanaland Protectorate (1885-1966) === Fa kgaolo e e itsegeng jaaka "Bechuanaland" e ne e bolelwa e le lefelo le le sireleditsweng ke Boritane ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ele masome a mabedi le bongwe,ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bone, go ne ga tsaya dibeke di le thataro fela gore mapodisi, a bontsi jwa one a neng a tswa kwa Boritane, a simolole go rulaganya go laola kgaolo e ntšha.<ref name=":1">Hamley, Richard (2000). . Covos Day''[https://books.google.com/books?id=dz8FAQAAIAAJ&q=horse+police+Bechuanaland The Regiment: A History and the Uniforms of the British South Africa Police]''. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-620-25394-9|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-620-25394-9</bdi>.]]</ref>Tsona di ne di akaretsa sepodisi se se palameng, se se neng se dirisiwa go laola molelwane magareng ga Bechuanaland le Afrika Borwa. <ref>Bussy, William (2020). [https://books.google.com/books?id=9UQoEAAAQBAJ&dq=horse+Bechuanaland&pg=PT51 ''The British South African Police: Origins and Early History 1885–1901''.] Lulu Press, Inc. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-913294-33-5|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-913294-33-5</bdi>.]]</ref> <ref name=":1" />Bechuanaland Mounted Police, e e tlhamilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885)<ref>Noyoo, Ndangwa (2021). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kPQyEAAAQBAJ&dq=horse+police+Bechuanaland&pg=PA45 Social Welfare and Social Work in Southern Africa, African Sun Media]''. African Sun Media. p.&#x20;45. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-928480-76-1|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-928480-76-1</bdi>.]]</ref> ke Major Stanley Lowe go boloka thulaganyo le go thibela bogodu jwa dikgomo,<ref>Great Britain Colonial Office (1882). ''T[https://books.google.com/books?id=ef0wAQAAMAAJ&dq=horse+police+Bechuanaland&pg=RA8-PA58 ransvaal: Further Correspondence Respecting the Affairs of the Transvaal & Adjacent Territories...Presented to Both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty]''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ef0wAQAAMAAJ&dq=horse+police+Bechuanaland&pg=RA8-PA58 .] G.E.B. Eyre & W. Spottiswoode. p.&#x20;58.</ref>e ne ya tlhatlhamiwa ke Bechuanaland Border Police ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1889) go ya ko ngwageng wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890).<ref>Central Africa Historical Association (1975). [https://books.google.com/books?id=c3UvAQAAIAAJ&q=horse+police+Bechuanaland ''Rhodesian History: The Journal of the Central Africa Historical Association''.] The Journal of the Central Africa Historical Association. pp.&#x20;104–106.</ref> Bosupi jwa gore batho ba lefelo leno ba ne ba kopana le dipitse bo bonwa moragonyana. Ka 1916, Khama, Ksogi (kgosana ya morafe wa Bamangwato kwa Bechuanaland, o ne a itewa mo lengoleng ke pitse; o ne a laletsa morwawe Sekgoma II, yo o neng a le kwa botshwarong dingwaga di le lesome, go busa kwa Serowe.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFMcIntyre2010]{{Harvtxt|McIntyre|2010|p=7}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bone (1954), mokwadi John Brown o ne a tlhalosa go nna teng ga dipone mo kgaolong ya Gordonia ya Sekaka sa Kalahari, fa a ne a kile a akanya gore sekaka e ne e se tikologo e e siametseng dipitse.<ref>Brown, John (1954). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PzA1AQAAIAAJ The Thirsty Land, Hodder and Stoughton]''. p.&#x20;132.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bongwe (1961) palo ya dipitse tsa Botswana e ne e lekanyeditswe go nna dikete tse supa le makgolo a le marataro le masome a marataro le boraro (7 663).<ref name=":11">Mortensen, Chris (2018). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9CESEAAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=SA8-PA73 The Handbook of Horses and Donkeys: Introduction to Ownership and Care]''. 5m Books Ltd. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-912178-99-5|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-912178-99-5</bdi>.]]</ref>Pitse ya selegae e tlhalosiwa jaaka "mohumagadi wa dikgomo tsa Botswana", ka gore tlhotlhwa ya yona ke dikgomo di le tharo go ya go di le borataro , kgotsa diesele di le lesome le botlhano go ya go di le masome a mararo .<ref name=":12">Lee, Richard (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=9085AAAAIAAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PA405 ''The !Kung San: Men, Women and Work in a Foraging Society''.] CUP Archive. p.&#x20;504. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22578-6|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-521-22578-6</bdi>.]]</ref>Banna ba kgaolo ya Nyae Nyae ba ne ba tlwaetse go tsoma ditshukudu ba palame dipitse, fela puso ya South West Africa e ne ya goeletsa gore se se seng molaong ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le boraro (1953). Go tloga ka nako eo, dipitse di ne tsa dirisiwa thata jaaka sepalangwa, mme go tsoma go ne ga tswelela ka kelotlhoko.<ref name=":2">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock2015]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|2015|p=226}}</ref>Ditlhaselo tsa go tsoma di dirwa bosigo, fa batsomi ba sa kgoneng go bonwa. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock2015]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|2015|p=225}}</ref>The Dobe! Kung e ne e ikaegile thata ka go tsoma kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le borataro (1960), fa palo ya bone e ne e gola mme ba ikaegile ka go dirisa dipitse, ditlhobolo le dikoloi tse di tsamayang ka dikoloi. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|pp=180–181}})</ref> === Fa e sale Botswana e tsaa boipuso (1966 go fitlha jaanong) === [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Police service in the 1970s.jpg|thumb|Mapodisi a Botswana a a tsamayang ka dipitse ka bo1970]] Tlhabololo ya ditsela le dipalangwa e dirile gore go se ka ga tlhola go dirisiwa dipitse mo mafelong mangwe a a nang le batho ba le bantsi.<ref name=":0" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, palo ya dipitse e ne ya gola go tswa go 11 000 ka ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970) go ya go 34 000 ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobongwe (1990). <ref name=":0" />Lengwe la mabaka a magolo a a dirileng gore go nne le phetogo eno e ne e le go tuma ga go tsoma ka dipitse.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=190}}</ref> Go palama pitse e ne ya nna mokgwa o o atlegileng thata wa go tsoma ka dingwaga tsa bo1970.<ref name=":3">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=186}}</ref>Ka ngwaga tsa bo ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970) le bo ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robaboedi (1980), Ba-San ba Central Kalahari Game Reserve ba ne ba simolola go tsoma ka go palame dipitse, mme ka nako e le nngwe ba ne ba tlogela go dirisa metsu e e nang le botlhole go na le go dirisa marumo, ka ntlha ya lebelo le le neng le dirwa ke go palama dipitse, <ref>Mitchell, Peter (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=w07CBwAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PA316 Horse Nations: The Worldwide Impact of the Horse on Indigenous Societies Post-1492]''. OUP Oxford. p.&#x20;316. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-100881-8|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-19-100881-8</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":4">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996</ref>jaaka go bontshitswe ke dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng kwa kgaolong ya Xai/Xai (Ngamiland) magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa e boraro (1973) le ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980).<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=199}}</ref> Seno e ne e le phetogo e kgolo mo thulaganyong ya bone ya go tsoma le mo go atlegeng ga bone: go dirisiwa ga dipitse go ne ga oketsa lefelo le le neng le tlhatlhobiwa ka nako ya go tsoma. <ref name=":3" />Mo dingwageng tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) le bo) ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobongwe(1990, basha ba ba neng ba kgona go reka kgotsa go hira pitse ba ne ba rata mokgwa ono wa go tsoma ka lerumo, ka ntlha ya go fetisa bokgoni jwa go palama.<ref name=":3" /> == Ditiriso == [[Setshwantsho:Africa on the move, horse prep.jpg|thumb|Go baakanyetsa pitse go palangwa, ka ngwaga wa 2020]] Fela jaaka tonki, pitse e santse e dirisiwa jaaka sepalangwa se se gogwang ke dipitse le jaaka sepalangwa se se gogwang ke dipitse. <ref name=":0" /><ref>Birke, Lynda; Thompson, Kirrilly (2017). [https://books.google.com/books?id=LNZCDwAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PT35 ''(Un)Stable Relations: Horses, Humans and Social Agency''.] Routledge. pp.&#x20;35–36. I[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-317-38101-3|SBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-317-38101-3</bdi>.]]</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, e dirisiwa fela mo ntlheng eno kwa dikgaolong tsa Bophirima le Maun, ka ntlha ya maemo a a maswe a ditsela, tse gantsi di tletseng seretse. <ref name=":0" /> Dipitse gantsi di a palama go na le go nna di bofilwe. <ref name=":0" />Badisa ba dinku tsa Karakul kwa borwa jwa Kalahari ba dirisa dipitse, diesele le diesele. <ref>Nsoso, Shalaulani; Madimabe, Moleboge (2003). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228480831 "A survey of Karakul sheep farmers in Southern Kalahari, Botswana: management practices and constraints to improving production".] ''South African Journal of Animal Science''. '''4''': 23–27.</ref>Beng ba dipitse tsa go tsoma ba dirisa diphologolo tsa bone go dira ditiro tse dingwe tse di farologaneng.<ref name=":5">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=197}}</ref> The International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) database recognizes one national equestrian federation in Botswana, the Horse Society of Botswana (HSB).<ref name=":6">[https://data.fei.org/NFPages/NF/Details/Federation/18/THE-HORSE-SOCIETY-OF-BOTSWANA- ''NATIONAL FEDERATION – BOTSWANA – (BOT)''.] Fédération équestre internationale. Retrieved 2 March 2023.</ref> Mokgatlho wa boditšhabatšhaba wa metshameko ya go palama dipitse (FEI) o lemoga lekgotla la bosetšhaba la go palama dipitse kwa Botswana, Mokgatlho wa Dipitse wa Botswana (HSB).<ref name=":6" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, naga ga e ise e ke e gape metlele wa kgaisano ya dipitse ya boditšhabatšhaba (World Equestrian Games kgotsa Olympic Games).<ref name=":6" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023), Mokgatlho wa Dipitse wa Botswana o rulaganya dikgaisano di le lesome tsa semmuso mo nageng: di le nne tsa go tlola, e le nngwe ya go apara, e le nngwe ya go kgweetsa, di le tlhano tsa go palama, e le nngwe ya go kgweetsa, e le nngwe ya go dira metshameko ya go kgweetsa, e le nngwe ya go dira metshameko ya go kgweetsa, e le nngwe ya go dira metshameko ya go kgweetsa, e le nngwe ya go apara le e le nngwe ya go dirisa ditshipi. <ref name=":6" /> Mo thesis ya gagwe e e neng ya sirelediwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020) kwa mmadikolo wa Botswana, Tinieri Maeresera a re boloko jwa dipitse bo ka kgona go nontsha masimo a Cenchrus ciliaris. <ref>Maeresera, Tinieri (2020). [https://researchhub.buan.ac.bw/handle/13049/303 "Comparative assessment of the effects of horse manure and urea as nitrogen sources on seed yield, forage production and nutritional quality of Cenchrus ciliaris post seed harvesting".] ''Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources''.</ref> == Go tsoma == [[Setshwantsho:Field assistants collecting gemsbok specimen..jpg|thumb|Fa go ne re tsongwa kgama ya Oryx ka dipitse ka ngwaga wa 1909]] Go tsoma ka dipitse go letleletswe semolao ka fa tlase ga molao wa Botswana, go letla batho ba ba tlholegang koo go tsoma mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng ka thuso ya dipitse, ditlhobolo le dintša tsa go tsoma. <ref>Prins, Herbert; Grootenhuis, Jan; Dolan, Thomas (2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=HZpfBgAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PT554 ''Wildlife Conservation by Sustainable Use''.] Springer Science & Business Media. p.&#x20;554. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-94-011-4012-6|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-94-011-4012-6</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":7">{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=188}}</ref>Molao wa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992) wa Wildlife and National Parks Wildlife Act wa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992) o thibela go tsoma go tswa mo dikoloing tse di tsamayang ka dikoloi, se se tlhalosang tiriso ya dipitse.<ref name=":2" />Melao ya Botswana e farologane le ya Namibia e e bapileng le yone, e e thibelang go tsoma ka dipitse gotlhelele. <ref name=":7" /> Go tsoma dipitse go tlwaelegile thata mo molelwaneng wa Botswana le Namibia.<ref name=":2" /> Ba-Mbanderu ba e dirisa go tsoma sekgala se seleele, ka dinako tse dingwe ba tsamaya le ! Kung.<ref name=":5" />Mo e ka nnang nngwe tharong ya batsomi ba Xai/Xai ba tlwaelane le go tsoma ka dipitse ba tshotse ditlhobolo kgotsa marumo.<ref>[[:en:Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996|Hhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=203}}</ref> Go tsoma o palame pitse go mosola thata mo go tsomeng di-eland, di-giraffe, le di-oryx gazelle.<ref name=":4" /> Gape e dira sentle thata mo go tsomeng di-antelope tse dikgolo, jaaka eland (Taurotragus oryx). <ref name=":3" />Gape go na le go tsomiwa ga nama ya diphologolo tsa naga (segolo thata kwa Okavango delta), go ikaegile ka tlhabololo ya bosheng ya mekgwa ya go lelekisa dipitse, e e leng kotsi mo bojanala. <ref>Rogan, Matthew; Lindsey, Peter; Tambling, Craig; Golabek, Krystyna (2017). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320717306432https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320717306432 "Illegal bushmeat hunters compete with predators and threaten wild herbivore populations in a global tourism hotspot".] ''Biological Conservation''. '''210''': 233–242. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017BCons.210..233R Bibcode:2017BCons.210..233R.] [[doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2017.04.020]]. [[hdl:2263/63592]]. Retrieved 2 March 2023.</ref> === Boitshoko === Go ya ka moporesidente wa Botswana Endurance Riding Association (BERA), Sharon Du Plessis, tlwaelo ya bosetšhaba ya go palama ka go itshoka e simolotse kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990), fa bapalami ba le mmalwa ba Botswana ba ne ba lemoga gore go na le ba ba lekaneng go ka rulaganya dikgaisano tse di nang le mosola mo nageng ya bone, go na le go etela Afrika Borwa. [ Mokgwa ono o ne wa nna botlhokwa ka iketlo, mme ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006) o ne o na le ditlelapa di le pedi tsa selegae, e nngwe kwa Ghanzi mme e nngwe kwa Lobatse. <ref name=":8">{{Harvtxt|Du Plessis|2007|p=90}}</ref> BERA e dirisa thulaganyo ya vet-gate mo dikgaisanong tsa yone, go ya ka melao e e tlhomilweng ke Fédération équestre internationale.<ref name=":8" />Nako ya dikgaisano tsa mabelo a go itshoka gantsi e simolola ka Tlhakole go fitlha ka Seetebosigo, fa dithemperetšha di ka nna mogote thata.<ref name=":8" />Go tshwarwa dikgaisano tsa mabelo di ka nna thataro ngwaga le ngwaga mo Botswana, gantsi di feta 80 km.<ref name=":9">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFDu_Plessis2007]{{Harvtxt|Du Plessis|2007|p=91}}</ref> Nngwe ya dikgaisano tse di tumileng thata tsa go itshoka e tshwarelwa kwa Tau Tona Lodge kwa Ghanzi, kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari. <ref name=":8" />Lebelo la Lobatse, tiragalo e nngwe e e tlotlegang, e diragala mo mmung o o nang le matlapa mme e ngoka batsayakarolo go tswa kwa Spain, Abu Dhabi, Britain, Namibia le Afrika Borwa.<ref name=":8" /> Bakgweetsi ba Botswana ba gaisana mo Aforika Borwa go tsenela dikgaisanyo tsa sekgala se seleele tse di tlhokegang mo dikgaisanong tsa World Endurance Championships.<ref name=":9" /> Boitshoko gantsi bo dirwa le pitse ya Arabia, mofuta o o tsadisitsweng kwa Botswana. <ref name=":9" /> === Di-safari === [[Setshwantsho:The Horses Of Paje.jpg|thumb|Dipitse tse di berekang mo kgaolong ya Paje ka ngwaga wa 2020]] Botswana ke nngwe ya mafelo a a rategang thata mo Aforika a bojanala jwa go palama dipitse, mo setlhopheng sa bojanala jwa boithabiso. <ref>Ollenburg, Claudia (2005)[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14724040508668437 . "Worldwide Structure of the Equestrian Tourism Sector"]. ''Journal of Ecotourism''. '''4''' (1): 47–55. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JEcot...4...47O Bibcode:2005JEcot...4...47O]. [[doi:10.1080/14724040508668437|doi:10.1080/14724040508668437.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153381147 S2CID&#x20;153381147]. Retrieved 26 February 2023.</ref> Patlisiso ya sekao e e phasaladitsweng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021) e bontsha gore ditiro tsa go palama dipitse di anaanelwa thata jaaka karolo ya mokgwa wa bojanala jwa tikologo. <ref>Vumbunu, Tonderai; Viviers, Pierre-Andre; Du Plessis, Engelina (2021). [https://bioone.org/journals/african-journal-of-wildlife-research/volume-51/issue-1/056.051.0019/A-Demand-Based-Analysis-of-Ecotourism-Product-Diversification-in-Botswana/10.3957/056.051.0019.short "A Demand-Based Analysis of Ecotourism Product Diversification in Botswana"]. ''African Journal of Wildlife Research''. '''51''' (1). [[doi:10.3957/056.051.0019|doi:10.3957/056.051.0019.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233577944 S2CID&#x20;233577944.] Retrieved 1 March 2023.</ref> Bakwadi ba le mmalwa ba dibuka tsa kaelo ba tlhalosa Botswana (ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) le ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi ( 2022) jaaka nngwe ya mafelo a mantle a Afrika a go ka tsaya leeto la go palama pitse, segolo thata ka ntlha ya mefutafuta ya diphologolo tsa naga. <ref>Doganieri, Elise (2022). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jn-HEAAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PA87 ''The Official Amazing Race Travel Companion: More Than 20 Years of Roadblocks, Detours, and Real-Life Activities to Experience Around the Globe''.] Simon and Schuster. p.&#x20;87. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-7739-3|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-9821-7739-3</bdi>.]]</ref> <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2SY_AQAAIAAJ&q=horse+botswana ''Botswana & Namibia''.] Lonely Planet. 2010. p.&#x20;160. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-922-0|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-74104-922-0</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":13">Buckley, Ralf (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=UZpnOF0u_PgC&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PA310 ''Adventure Tourism''.] CABI. p.&#x20;310. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-84593-123-0</bdi>.</ref>Di-safari tse ka kakaretso di beetswe bapalami ba ba fetang dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi ba ba iketlang mo mekgweng yotlhe e meraro.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFMcIntyre2010]{{Harvtxt|McIntyre|2010|p=300}}</ref><ref name=":13" />Go na le di-safari tse di tsamayang ka dipitse mo Okavango Delta<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFMcIntyre2010]{{Harvtxt|McIntyre|2010|p=314}}</ref> le go bapa le Noka ya Zambezi, gape le dikoloi tse di gogwang ke dipitse tsa setaele sa Victoria.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFMcIntyre2010]{{Harvtxt|McIntyre|2010|p=479}}</ref>Se ke tiro e e ka nnang kotsi, jaaka dibatana (ditau, jalo le jalo) di ka tlhasela dipitse.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFMcIntyre2010]{{Harvtxt|McIntyre|2010|p=316}}</ref> Mefuta ya dipitse tse di dirisiwang mo safari e akaretsa Thoroughbreds, Half-bloods, Arabs, Anglo-Arabs, Friesian crosses le dipitse tsa metshameko tsa selegae, sefapaano magareng ga Boer le American Saddlebred.<ref name=":14">McIntyre, Chris (2018). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=7rFcDwAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PA389 Botswana Safari Guide: Okavango Delta, Chobe and Northern Kalahari]''. Bradt Travel Guides. p.&#x20;389. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-78477-093-8</bdi>.</ref>Tsotlhe di katisitswe mme di na le boleele jo bo magareng ga 1,42 m le 1,73 m.<ref name=":14" /> == Go tsadisa == [[Setshwantsho:A horse in Mochudi.jpg|thumb|Dipitse tse pedi kwa Mochudi ka ngwaga wa 2022]] Batswana, ke batho ba badisa, ba tlwaetse go tsadisa mefuta yotlhe ya diphologolo tsa mo gae. <ref>Amanze, James (2002). [https://books.google.com/books?id=J5bXAAAAMAAJ&q=horse+botswana ''African Traditional Religions and Culture in Botswana: A Comprehensive Textbook''.] Pula Press. p.&#x20;308. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-99912-61-98-0</bdi>.</ref>Ba le mmalwa fela ! Kung o simolotse go nna le dipitse ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masom a marataro (1960), e ka tswa e le tsa gagwe kgotsa e le karolo ya tiro ya molemirui wa mosweu.<ref name=":12" /> Buka ya Equine Science (2017) ga e na tshekatsheko ya palo ya dipitse tsa Botswana;<ref>Parker, Rick (2018). ''[https://www.worldcat.org/en/title/1054197727 Equine science]'' (5th&#x20;ed.). Delmar Cengage Learning. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-305-94972-0</bdi>.</ref>le fa go ntse jalo, Chris J. Mortensen o supa go ya ka data go tswa go Mokgatlho wa Dijo le Temothuo wa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng (FAO) go nna teng ga letsomane la 30 907 ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014).<ref name=":11" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008), Oladimeji Idowu Oladele le Milly Monkhei ba ne ba neela tshedimosetso e e latelang ya bong le e e lekanyeditsweng ya go nna le palogotlhe ya dipitse di le 25 387 mo nageng: Maun le dikgaolo tsa Bophirima di tsadisa dipitse tse dintsi. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFOladele2008]{{Harvtxt|Oladele|2008|p=3}}</ref>Gape go na le dipharologano tsa thutafatshe mo go nneng le dipitse: basadi mo kgaolong ya Maun ba na le dipitse tse dintsi go feta ba kwa dikgaolong tse dingwe.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFOladele2008]{{Harvtxt|Oladele|2008|p=1}}</ref> Ga go itsiwe go le gontsi ka go ruiwa ga dipitse mo lefelong leno.<ref name=":0" />Bontsi jwa dipitse kwa Botswana di tsholwa mo dipolaseng tsa setso, tse go ka diregang gore di dirisa mokgwa o monnye o o laolwang wa go tsadisa ka go tlhopha. <ref name=":0" /> == Mefuta e e tsadisitsweng == [[Setshwantsho:Shepherd on donkey on the move.jpg|thumb|Morui wa mo polaseng o ipaakanyetsa go fudusa dipodi tsa gagwe ka ngwaga wa 2019]] Database ya DAD-IS e na le mefuta e le lesome le bobedi ya dipitse tse di dirisiwang ga jaana mo Botswana, le fa e le gore bontsi jwa tsona ga se mefuta e e tlholegileng mo lefelong leo: Appaloosa, Arabian, South African Boer, Hanoverian, Kalahari pony, Nooitgedachter, Quarter Horse, Thoroughbred, Tswana, Warmblood le Welsh pony.<ref>Système d’Information sur la Diversité des Animaux Domestiques. [https://www.fao.org/dad-is/browse-by-country-and-species/fr/ "Races par espèces et pays".] Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture. Retrieved 30 September 2022.</ref> Dipitse tsa mofuta o o feletseng di tsadisetswa mo lefelong leo go tsadisa, go dira tiro ya go palama dipitse le go dira lotseno, mmogo le mabaka a setso a a jaaka mabelo a dipitse le go palama dipitse.<ref>DAD-IS[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Thoroughbred&lang=fr . "Thoroughbred / Botswana (Cheval)"]. Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>Appaloosa,<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Appaloosa&lang=fr "Appaloosa / Botswana (Cheval)".] Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref> Quarter Horse,<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Quarter%20Horse&lang=fr "Quarter Horse / Botswana (Cheval)"]. Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>Nooitgedacht,<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Nooitgedachter&lang=fr "Nooitgedachter / Botswana (Cheval)"]. Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>Arabian<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Arab&lang=fr "Arab / Botswana (Cheval)"]. Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>le dipitse tsa metshameko<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Warm%20blood&lang=fr "Warmblood / Botswana (Cheval)".] Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>di tsadisetswa mabaka a a tshwanang, go tlaleletsa go tsoma, go lema ka ditlhopha le go busetsa boloko. Boer gape e dirisetswa bana go palama dipitse. <ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Boerperd&lang=fr "Boerperd / Botswana (Cheval)".] Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>Tswana e tsadisetswa merero e e fa godimo, gammogo le nama ya yona.<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Tswana&lang=fr "Tswana / Botswana (Cheval)".] Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref> Ga go na tshedimosetso e e leng teng ka tiriso ya Hanoverian<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Hanoverian&lang=fr "Hanoverian / Botswana (Cheval)".] Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>kgotsa Welsh.<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Welsh%20Pony&lang=fr "Welsh Pony / Botswana (Cheval)"]. Retrieved 14 March 2023.</ref> Pony ya Kalahari<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Kalahari%20pony&lang=fr "Kalahari pony / Botswana (Cheval)".] Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>e tlhalosiwa jaaka "mofuta o o tlwaeditsweng wa selegae", mme ga go na tshedimosetso ya palo ya batho kgotsa tiriso e e leng teng. === Malwetse le go tshwaediwa ke megare === Botswana e na le bolwetse jwa rabies, jo bo ka amang dipitse ka sewelo (3.13% ya dikgetse tsa rabies tse di lemogilweng mo nageng eo magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe e masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989) le ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006).<ref>Moagabo, Keabetswe; Monyame, K. B.; Baipoledi, Eddie; Letshwenyo, Moetapele; Mapitse, Neo; Hyera, Joseph (2009). [https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC86404 "A retrospective longitudinal study of animal and human rabies in Botswana 1989–2006".] ''Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research''. '''76''' (4): 399–407. doi:10.4102/ojvr.v76i4.24. PMID&#x20;21344790. Retrieved 30 September 2022.</ref>Go ne ga begwa gore go na le ditlhaselo tse dintsi tsa equine influenza mo Afrika Borwa, Lesotho le Namibia, gaufi le molelwane le Botswana ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1987), mme ga go na dikgetsi dipe tse di begilweng mo Botswana; fela fa ditlhaselo di sena go begwa, mesepele ya dipitse e ne ya thibelwa.<ref>Guthrie, Alan; Stevens, Kim; Bosman, P. P. (1999). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13108343 "The circumstances surrounding the outbreak and spread of equine influenza in South Africa"]. ''Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)''. '''18''' (1): 179–185. doi:10.20506/rst.18.1.1155. PMID&#x20;10190213. Retrieved 30 September 2022</ref> === Dintshi tsa Tsetse le Nagana === Mafelo a a mogote thata a borwa jwa Afrika a tletse ka dintsi tsa tsetse (Glossina), tse di fetisang trypanosomes, e leng dipharasaete tsa madi tse di bakang bolwetse jo bo bolayang mo dipaleng, nagana. [ Dintshi tseno di fitlhelwa go bapa le noka ya Limpopo, segolo thata fa e kopanang le noka ya Pongola. Mojanala Frank Vardon o ne a ribolola ditshenekegi tseno mo kgaolong eno fa a ne a tsamaya ka pitse ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane le botlhano (1845) kgotsa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane le borataro (1846).<ref name=":10" /> === Bolwetse jwa dipitse jwa Afrika === Bolwetse jwa dipitse tsa Afrika ke mogare o o anamisiwang ke dinonyane tse dinnye tse di senyang borwa jwa Afrika ka metlha. 62] Tlhokomelo ya malwetse a leroborobo e bontsha gore magareng ga 1995 le 2004, go ne ga lemogiwa dikgetse tsa kalafi di le 99 kwa Botswana, tsotlhe mo dipitseng tse di sa entiwang. [ 63] Mefuta ya dibaketeria tse di fitlhelwang mo Botswana ke Culicoides miombo le Culicoides imicola,[64] e e fitlhelwang gantsi go ya ka patlisiso e e dirilweng kwa Gaborone ka 1997.[ 65] Se se na le ditlamorago tsa ikonomi mo beng ba dipitse (sekao, barulaganyi ba safari), mme gape go na le tatlhegelo ya maikutlo. 66] Di-carnivores tse di jang nama ya pitse e e tshwaeditsweng di ka nna tsa tshwaetsega.[ 67] Go na le matsholo a go oketsa kitso ya beng ba dipitse le go ba dira gore ba entiwe. 64] == Setso == Mo bukeng ya The Long Ride Home (2014), mokwadi Rupert Isaacson o bua ka loeto lwa gagwe le morwa wa gagwe wa autistic Rowan go palama dipitse mo gare ga Ba-Bushmen ba Namibia, mme kwa Botswana.[ 68] Isaacson o ne a thibelwa go tswa mo Botswana ka ntlha ya tshegetso ya gagwe ya batho ba San mo kgotlhang ya lefatshe la bagologolo mo Botswana.[ 69] , 6uc96zu9r17hm2d85qkawnyor222uib 53399 53394 2026-07-27T18:56:14Z Lucrucia98 12161 53399 wikitext text/x-wiki Pitse e ne ya tlisiwa kwa Botswana go tswa kwa Afrika Borwa ke babatlisisi le bakoloniale ba Yuropa mo lekgolong la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. Palo ya dipitse e ne ya oketsega thata mo sephatlong sa bobedi sa lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga, fa naga e sena go bona boipuso, ka ntlha ya go bo di ne di dirisediwa go tsoma le go bo di ne di sa tlhole di dirisiwa go rwala dithoto. Ka palo ya batho ba ba fetang dikete tse masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, dipitse di dirisetswa go tsoma, dikgaisano tsa mabelo le maeto a [[bojanala]]. Dipitse di bonwa thata kwa [[Maun]] le kwa dikgaolong tsa Bophirima, koo motlhaba wa Sekaka sa Kalahari o dirang gore go nne thata go tsamaya ka dikoloi. Kwa [[Botswana]] go na le mefuta e le lesome le bobedi ya dipitse, go akaretsa le dipitse tsa Arabia le tsa mofuta wa Thoroughbred. Gape go na le malwetse a le mmalwa a a bolayang dipitse, go akaretsa bolwetse jwa dipitse jwa Afrika, nagana le rabies. == Ditso tsa Dipitse == [[Pitse ya selegae]] ga se karolo ya ditso tsa Botswana ebile ga se ya selegae mo lefatseng leno,<ref name=":0">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFSenyatso1996]{{Harvtxt|Senyatso|1996|p=53}}</ref> e e itsegeng thata ka dipitse tsa naga , mofuta o o itsegeng thata<ref>Levin, Howard (2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=f9ZKxGG2KPMC&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PT48 ''A History of Horses Told by Horses: Horse Sense for Humans''.] Morgan James Publishing. p.&#x20;48. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-61448-416-5|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-61448-416-5</bdi>.]]</ref> o o neng wa nna teng pele ga [[phiri e e nang le marontho]].<ref>Diedrich, Cajus (2010)[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1040618210000443 . "Specialized horse killers in Europe: Foetal horse remains in the Late Pleistocene Srbsko Chlum-Komín Cave hyena den in the Bohemian Karst (Czech Republic) and actualistic comparisons to modern African spotted hyenas as zebra hunters".] ''Quaternary International, Climate Dynamics and Prehistoric Occupation: Eurasian Perspectives on Environmental Archaeology''. '''220''' (1): 174-18. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010QuInt.220..174D Bibcode:2010QuInt.220..174D.] [[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.01.023|doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.01.023.]] Retrieved 27 February 2023.</ref> Dipitse tsa ntlha tse di tlisitsweng mo borwa jwa Afrika di ne tsa tswa kwa [[Cape Town]] mo ngwagakgolong wa bo lesome le bosupa.<ref>Porter, Valerie; Alderson, Lawrence; Hall, Stephen; Sponenberg, Dan (2016). ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding'' (6th&#x20;ed.). CAB International. p.&#x20;1107. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-84593-466-8|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-84593-466-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Bontsi jwa dipitse tsa Botswana di ne di rekwa go tswa mo [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref name=":0" /> Go na le direkoto tsa dipatlisiso tsa kgaolo e e neng ya nna Bechuanaland mme morago ya nna Botswana ke monna wa lekgowa [[William Cornwallis Harris]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo le borataro, a latelwa ke bapalami ba bangwe ba basweu ba Yuropa ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane.<ref name=":10">Itard, Jacques (1986). [https://books.google.com/books?id=wQJNAAAAYAAJ&q=cheval+Botswana ''Les glossines ou mouches tsé-tsé, Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux''.] Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-85985-114-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-85985-114-9|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-2-85985-114-9</bdi>.]]</ref> === Ka fa tlase ga Bechuanaland Protectorate (1885-1966) === Fa kgaolo e e itsegeng jaaka "Bechuanaland" e ne e bolelwa e le lefelo le le sireleditsweng ke Boritane ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ele masome a mabedi le bongwe,ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bone, go ne ga tsaya dibeke di le thataro fela gore mapodisi, a bontsi jwa one a neng a tswa kwa Boritane, a simolole go rulaganya go laola kgaolo e ntšha.<ref name=":1">Hamley, Richard (2000). . Covos Day''[https://books.google.com/books?id=dz8FAQAAIAAJ&q=horse+police+Bechuanaland The Regiment: A History and the Uniforms of the British South Africa Police]''. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-620-25394-9|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-620-25394-9</bdi>.]]</ref>Tsona di ne di akaretsa sepodisi se se palameng, se se neng se dirisiwa go laola molelwane magareng ga Bechuanaland le Afrika Borwa. <ref>Bussy, William (2020). [https://books.google.com/books?id=9UQoEAAAQBAJ&dq=horse+Bechuanaland&pg=PT51 ''The British South African Police: Origins and Early History 1885–1901''.] Lulu Press, Inc. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-913294-33-5|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-913294-33-5</bdi>.]]</ref> <ref name=":1" />Bechuanaland Mounted Police, e e tlhamilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885)<ref>Noyoo, Ndangwa (2021). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kPQyEAAAQBAJ&dq=horse+police+Bechuanaland&pg=PA45 Social Welfare and Social Work in Southern Africa, African Sun Media]''. African Sun Media. p.&#x20;45. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-928480-76-1|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-928480-76-1</bdi>.]]</ref> ke Major Stanley Lowe go boloka thulaganyo le go thibela bogodu jwa dikgomo,<ref>Great Britain Colonial Office (1882). ''T[https://books.google.com/books?id=ef0wAQAAMAAJ&dq=horse+police+Bechuanaland&pg=RA8-PA58 ransvaal: Further Correspondence Respecting the Affairs of the Transvaal & Adjacent Territories...Presented to Both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty]''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ef0wAQAAMAAJ&dq=horse+police+Bechuanaland&pg=RA8-PA58 .] G.E.B. Eyre & W. Spottiswoode. p.&#x20;58.</ref>e ne ya tlhatlhamiwa ke Bechuanaland Border Police ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1889) go ya ko ngwageng wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890).<ref>Central Africa Historical Association (1975). [https://books.google.com/books?id=c3UvAQAAIAAJ&q=horse+police+Bechuanaland ''Rhodesian History: The Journal of the Central Africa Historical Association''.] The Journal of the Central Africa Historical Association. pp.&#x20;104–106.</ref> Bosupi jwa gore batho ba lefelo leno ba ne ba kopana le dipitse bo bonwa moragonyana. Ka 1916, Khama, Ksogi (kgosana ya morafe wa Bamangwato kwa Bechuanaland, o ne a itewa mo lengoleng ke pitse; o ne a laletsa morwawe Sekgoma II, yo o neng a le kwa botshwarong dingwaga di le lesome, go busa kwa Serowe.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFMcIntyre2010]{{Harvtxt|McIntyre|2010|p=7}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bone (1954), mokwadi John Brown o ne a tlhalosa go nna teng ga dipone mo kgaolong ya Gordonia ya Sekaka sa Kalahari, fa a ne a kile a akanya gore sekaka e ne e se tikologo e e siametseng dipitse.<ref>Brown, John (1954). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PzA1AQAAIAAJ The Thirsty Land, Hodder and Stoughton]''. p.&#x20;132.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bongwe (1961) palo ya dipitse tsa Botswana e ne e lekanyeditswe go nna dikete tse supa le makgolo a le marataro le masome a marataro le boraro (7 663).<ref name=":11">Mortensen, Chris (2018). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9CESEAAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=SA8-PA73 The Handbook of Horses and Donkeys: Introduction to Ownership and Care]''. 5m Books Ltd. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-912178-99-5|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-912178-99-5</bdi>.]]</ref>Pitse ya selegae e tlhalosiwa jaaka "mohumagadi wa dikgomo tsa Botswana", ka gore tlhotlhwa ya yona ke dikgomo di le tharo go ya go di le borataro , kgotsa diesele di le lesome le botlhano go ya go di le masome a mararo .<ref name=":12">Lee, Richard (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=9085AAAAIAAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PA405 ''The !Kung San: Men, Women and Work in a Foraging Society''.] CUP Archive. p.&#x20;504. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22578-6|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-521-22578-6</bdi>.]]</ref>Banna ba kgaolo ya Nyae Nyae ba ne ba tlwaetse go tsoma ditshukudu ba palame dipitse, fela puso ya South West Africa e ne ya goeletsa gore se se seng molaong ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le boraro (1953). Go tloga ka nako eo, dipitse di ne tsa dirisiwa thata jaaka sepalangwa, mme go tsoma go ne ga tswelela ka kelotlhoko.<ref name=":2">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock2015]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|2015|p=226}}</ref>Ditlhaselo tsa go tsoma di dirwa bosigo, fa batsomi ba sa kgoneng go bonwa. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock2015]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|2015|p=225}}</ref>The Dobe! Kung e ne e ikaegile thata ka go tsoma kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le borataro (1960), fa palo ya bone e ne e gola mme ba ikaegile ka go dirisa dipitse, ditlhobolo le dikoloi tse di tsamayang ka dikoloi. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|pp=180–181}})</ref> === Fa e sale Botswana e tsaa boipuso (1966 go fitlha jaanong) === [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Police service in the 1970s.jpg|thumb|Mapodisi a Botswana a a tsamayang ka dipitse ka bo1970]] Tlhabololo ya ditsela le dipalangwa e dirile gore go se ka ga tlhola go dirisiwa dipitse mo mafelong mangwe a a nang le batho ba le bantsi.<ref name=":0" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, palo ya dipitse e ne ya gola go tswa go 11 000 ka ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970) go ya go 34 000 ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobongwe (1990). <ref name=":0" />Lengwe la mabaka a magolo a a dirileng gore go nne le phetogo eno e ne e le go tuma ga go tsoma ka dipitse.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=190}}</ref> Go palama pitse e ne ya nna mokgwa o o atlegileng thata wa go tsoma ka dingwaga tsa bo1970.<ref name=":3">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=186}}</ref>Ka ngwaga tsa bo ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970) le bo ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robaboedi (1980), Ba-San ba Central Kalahari Game Reserve ba ne ba simolola go tsoma ka go palame dipitse, mme ka nako e le nngwe ba ne ba tlogela go dirisa metsu e e nang le botlhole go na le go dirisa marumo, ka ntlha ya lebelo le le neng le dirwa ke go palama dipitse, <ref>Mitchell, Peter (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=w07CBwAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PA316 Horse Nations: The Worldwide Impact of the Horse on Indigenous Societies Post-1492]''. OUP Oxford. p.&#x20;316. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-100881-8|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-19-100881-8</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":4">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996</ref>jaaka go bontshitswe ke dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng kwa kgaolong ya Xai/Xai (Ngamiland) magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa e boraro (1973) le ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980).<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=199}}</ref> Seno e ne e le phetogo e kgolo mo thulaganyong ya bone ya go tsoma le mo go atlegeng ga bone: go dirisiwa ga dipitse go ne ga oketsa lefelo le le neng le tlhatlhobiwa ka nako ya go tsoma. <ref name=":3" />Mo dingwageng tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) le bo) ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobongwe(1990, basha ba ba neng ba kgona go reka kgotsa go hira pitse ba ne ba rata mokgwa ono wa go tsoma ka lerumo, ka ntlha ya go fetisa bokgoni jwa go palama.<ref name=":3" /> == Ditiriso == [[Setshwantsho:Africa on the move, horse prep.jpg|thumb|Go baakanyetsa pitse go palangwa, ka ngwaga wa 2020]] Fela jaaka tonki, pitse e santse e dirisiwa jaaka sepalangwa se se gogwang ke dipitse le jaaka sepalangwa se se gogwang ke dipitse. <ref name=":0" /><ref>Birke, Lynda; Thompson, Kirrilly (2017). [https://books.google.com/books?id=LNZCDwAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PT35 ''(Un)Stable Relations: Horses, Humans and Social Agency''.] Routledge. pp.&#x20;35–36. I[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-317-38101-3|SBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-317-38101-3</bdi>.]]</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, e dirisiwa fela mo ntlheng eno kwa dikgaolong tsa Bophirima le Maun, ka ntlha ya maemo a a maswe a ditsela, tse gantsi di tletseng seretse. <ref name=":0" /> Dipitse gantsi di a palama go na le go nna di bofilwe. <ref name=":0" />Badisa ba dinku tsa Karakul kwa borwa jwa Kalahari ba dirisa dipitse, diesele le diesele. <ref>Nsoso, Shalaulani; Madimabe, Moleboge (2003). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228480831 "A survey of Karakul sheep farmers in Southern Kalahari, Botswana: management practices and constraints to improving production".] ''South African Journal of Animal Science''. '''4''': 23–27.</ref>Beng ba dipitse tsa go tsoma ba dirisa diphologolo tsa bone go dira ditiro tse dingwe tse di farologaneng.<ref name=":5">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=197}}</ref> The International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) database recognizes one national equestrian federation in Botswana, the Horse Society of Botswana (HSB).<ref name=":6">[https://data.fei.org/NFPages/NF/Details/Federation/18/THE-HORSE-SOCIETY-OF-BOTSWANA- ''NATIONAL FEDERATION – BOTSWANA – (BOT)''.] Fédération équestre internationale. Retrieved 2 March 2023.</ref> Mokgatlho wa boditšhabatšhaba wa metshameko ya go palama dipitse (FEI) o lemoga lekgotla la bosetšhaba la go palama dipitse kwa Botswana, Mokgatlho wa Dipitse wa Botswana (HSB).<ref name=":6" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, naga ga e ise e ke e gape metlele wa kgaisano ya dipitse ya boditšhabatšhaba (World Equestrian Games kgotsa Olympic Games).<ref name=":6" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023), Mokgatlho wa Dipitse wa Botswana o rulaganya dikgaisano di le lesome tsa semmuso mo nageng: di le nne tsa go tlola, e le nngwe ya go apara, e le nngwe ya go kgweetsa, di le tlhano tsa go palama, e le nngwe ya go kgweetsa, e le nngwe ya go dira metshameko ya go kgweetsa, e le nngwe ya go dira metshameko ya go kgweetsa, e le nngwe ya go dira metshameko ya go kgweetsa, e le nngwe ya go apara le e le nngwe ya go dirisa ditshipi. <ref name=":6" /> Mo thesis ya gagwe e e neng ya sirelediwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020) kwa mmadikolo wa Botswana, Tinieri Maeresera a re boloko jwa dipitse bo ka kgona go nontsha masimo a Cenchrus ciliaris. <ref>Maeresera, Tinieri (2020). [https://researchhub.buan.ac.bw/handle/13049/303 "Comparative assessment of the effects of horse manure and urea as nitrogen sources on seed yield, forage production and nutritional quality of Cenchrus ciliaris post seed harvesting".] ''Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources''.</ref> == Go tsoma == [[Setshwantsho:Field assistants collecting gemsbok specimen..jpg|thumb|Fa go ne re tsongwa kgama ya Oryx ka dipitse ka ngwaga wa 1909]] Go tsoma ka dipitse go letleletswe semolao ka fa tlase ga molao wa Botswana, go letla batho ba ba tlholegang koo go tsoma mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng ka thuso ya dipitse, ditlhobolo le dintša tsa go tsoma. <ref>Prins, Herbert; Grootenhuis, Jan; Dolan, Thomas (2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=HZpfBgAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PT554 ''Wildlife Conservation by Sustainable Use''.] Springer Science & Business Media. p.&#x20;554. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-94-011-4012-6|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-94-011-4012-6</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":7">{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=188}}</ref>Molao wa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992) wa Wildlife and National Parks Wildlife Act wa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992) o thibela go tsoma go tswa mo dikoloing tse di tsamayang ka dikoloi, se se tlhalosang tiriso ya dipitse.<ref name=":2" />Melao ya Botswana e farologane le ya Namibia e e bapileng le yone, e e thibelang go tsoma ka dipitse gotlhelele. <ref name=":7" /> Go tsoma dipitse go tlwaelegile thata mo molelwaneng wa Botswana le Namibia.<ref name=":2" /> Ba-Mbanderu ba e dirisa go tsoma sekgala se seleele, ka dinako tse dingwe ba tsamaya le ! Kung.<ref name=":5" />Mo e ka nnang nngwe tharong ya batsomi ba Xai/Xai ba tlwaelane le go tsoma ka dipitse ba tshotse ditlhobolo kgotsa marumo.<ref>[[:en:Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996|Hhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFHitchcock1996]]{{Harvtxt|Hitchcock|1996|p=203}}</ref> Go tsoma o palame pitse go mosola thata mo go tsomeng di-eland, di-giraffe, le di-oryx gazelle.<ref name=":4" /> Gape e dira sentle thata mo go tsomeng di-antelope tse dikgolo, jaaka eland (Taurotragus oryx). <ref name=":3" />Gape go na le go tsomiwa ga nama ya diphologolo tsa naga (segolo thata kwa Okavango delta), go ikaegile ka tlhabololo ya bosheng ya mekgwa ya go lelekisa dipitse, e e leng kotsi mo bojanala. <ref>Rogan, Matthew; Lindsey, Peter; Tambling, Craig; Golabek, Krystyna (2017). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320717306432https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320717306432 "Illegal bushmeat hunters compete with predators and threaten wild herbivore populations in a global tourism hotspot".] ''Biological Conservation''. '''210''': 233–242. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017BCons.210..233R Bibcode:2017BCons.210..233R.] [[doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2017.04.020]]. [[hdl:2263/63592]]. Retrieved 2 March 2023.</ref> === Boitshoko === Go ya ka moporesidente wa Botswana Endurance Riding Association (BERA), Sharon Du Plessis, tlwaelo ya bosetšhaba ya go palama ka go itshoka e simolotse kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990), fa bapalami ba le mmalwa ba Botswana ba ne ba lemoga gore go na le ba ba lekaneng go ka rulaganya dikgaisano tse di nang le mosola mo nageng ya bone, go na le go etela Afrika Borwa. [ Mokgwa ono o ne wa nna botlhokwa ka iketlo, mme ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006) o ne o na le ditlelapa di le pedi tsa selegae, e nngwe kwa Ghanzi mme e nngwe kwa Lobatse. <ref name=":8">{{Harvtxt|Du Plessis|2007|p=90}}</ref> BERA e dirisa thulaganyo ya vet-gate mo dikgaisanong tsa yone, go ya ka melao e e tlhomilweng ke Fédération équestre internationale.<ref name=":8" />Nako ya dikgaisano tsa mabelo a go itshoka gantsi e simolola ka Tlhakole go fitlha ka Seetebosigo, fa dithemperetšha di ka nna mogote thata.<ref name=":8" />Go tshwarwa dikgaisano tsa mabelo di ka nna thataro ngwaga le ngwaga mo Botswana, gantsi di feta 80 km.<ref name=":9">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFDu_Plessis2007]{{Harvtxt|Du Plessis|2007|p=91}}</ref> Nngwe ya dikgaisano tse di tumileng thata tsa go itshoka e tshwarelwa kwa Tau Tona Lodge kwa Ghanzi, kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari. <ref name=":8" />Lebelo la Lobatse, tiragalo e nngwe e e tlotlegang, e diragala mo mmung o o nang le matlapa mme e ngoka batsayakarolo go tswa kwa Spain, Abu Dhabi, Britain, Namibia le Afrika Borwa.<ref name=":8" /> Bakgweetsi ba Botswana ba gaisana mo Aforika Borwa go tsenela dikgaisanyo tsa sekgala se seleele tse di tlhokegang mo dikgaisanong tsa World Endurance Championships.<ref name=":9" /> Boitshoko gantsi bo dirwa le pitse ya Arabia, mofuta o o tsadisitsweng kwa Botswana. <ref name=":9" /> === Di-safari === [[Setshwantsho:The Horses Of Paje.jpg|thumb|Dipitse tse di berekang mo kgaolong ya Paje ka ngwaga wa 2020]] Botswana ke nngwe ya mafelo a a rategang thata mo Aforika a bojanala jwa go palama dipitse, mo setlhopheng sa bojanala jwa boithabiso. <ref>Ollenburg, Claudia (2005)[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14724040508668437 . "Worldwide Structure of the Equestrian Tourism Sector"]. ''Journal of Ecotourism''. '''4''' (1): 47–55. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JEcot...4...47O Bibcode:2005JEcot...4...47O]. [[doi:10.1080/14724040508668437|doi:10.1080/14724040508668437.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153381147 S2CID&#x20;153381147]. Retrieved 26 February 2023.</ref> Patlisiso ya sekao e e phasaladitsweng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021) e bontsha gore ditiro tsa go palama dipitse di anaanelwa thata jaaka karolo ya mokgwa wa bojanala jwa tikologo. <ref>Vumbunu, Tonderai; Viviers, Pierre-Andre; Du Plessis, Engelina (2021). [https://bioone.org/journals/african-journal-of-wildlife-research/volume-51/issue-1/056.051.0019/A-Demand-Based-Analysis-of-Ecotourism-Product-Diversification-in-Botswana/10.3957/056.051.0019.short "A Demand-Based Analysis of Ecotourism Product Diversification in Botswana"]. ''African Journal of Wildlife Research''. '''51''' (1). [[doi:10.3957/056.051.0019|doi:10.3957/056.051.0019.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233577944 S2CID&#x20;233577944.] Retrieved 1 March 2023.</ref> Bakwadi ba le mmalwa ba dibuka tsa kaelo ba tlhalosa Botswana (ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) le ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi ( 2022) jaaka nngwe ya mafelo a mantle a Afrika a go ka tsaya leeto la go palama pitse, segolo thata ka ntlha ya mefutafuta ya diphologolo tsa naga. <ref>Doganieri, Elise (2022). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jn-HEAAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PA87 ''The Official Amazing Race Travel Companion: More Than 20 Years of Roadblocks, Detours, and Real-Life Activities to Experience Around the Globe''.] Simon and Schuster. p.&#x20;87. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-7739-3|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-9821-7739-3</bdi>.]]</ref> <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2SY_AQAAIAAJ&q=horse+botswana ''Botswana & Namibia''.] Lonely Planet. 2010. p.&#x20;160. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-922-0|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-74104-922-0</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":13">Buckley, Ralf (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=UZpnOF0u_PgC&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PA310 ''Adventure Tourism''.] CABI. p.&#x20;310. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-84593-123-0</bdi>.</ref>Di-safari tse ka kakaretso di beetswe bapalami ba ba fetang dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi ba ba iketlang mo mekgweng yotlhe e meraro.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFMcIntyre2010]{{Harvtxt|McIntyre|2010|p=300}}</ref><ref name=":13" />Go na le di-safari tse di tsamayang ka dipitse mo Okavango Delta<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFMcIntyre2010]{{Harvtxt|McIntyre|2010|p=314}}</ref> le go bapa le Noka ya Zambezi, gape le dikoloi tse di gogwang ke dipitse tsa setaele sa Victoria.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFMcIntyre2010]{{Harvtxt|McIntyre|2010|p=479}}</ref>Se ke tiro e e ka nnang kotsi, jaaka dibatana (ditau, jalo le jalo) di ka tlhasela dipitse.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFMcIntyre2010]{{Harvtxt|McIntyre|2010|p=316}}</ref> Mefuta ya dipitse tse di dirisiwang mo safari e akaretsa Thoroughbreds, Half-bloods, Arabs, Anglo-Arabs, Friesian crosses le dipitse tsa metshameko tsa selegae, sefapaano magareng ga Boer le American Saddlebred.<ref name=":14">McIntyre, Chris (2018). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=7rFcDwAAQBAJ&dq=horse+botswana&pg=PA389 Botswana Safari Guide: Okavango Delta, Chobe and Northern Kalahari]''. Bradt Travel Guides. p.&#x20;389. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-78477-093-8</bdi>.</ref>Tsotlhe di katisitswe mme di na le boleele jo bo magareng ga 1,42 m le 1,73 m.<ref name=":14" /> == Go tsadisa == [[Setshwantsho:A horse in Mochudi.jpg|thumb|Dipitse tse pedi kwa Mochudi ka ngwaga wa 2022]] Batswana, ke batho ba badisa, ba tlwaetse go tsadisa mefuta yotlhe ya diphologolo tsa mo gae. <ref>Amanze, James (2002). [https://books.google.com/books?id=J5bXAAAAMAAJ&q=horse+botswana ''African Traditional Religions and Culture in Botswana: A Comprehensive Textbook''.] Pula Press. p.&#x20;308. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-99912-61-98-0</bdi>.</ref>Ba le mmalwa fela ! Kung o simolotse go nna le dipitse ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masom a marataro (1960), e ka tswa e le tsa gagwe kgotsa e le karolo ya tiro ya molemirui wa mosweu.<ref name=":12" /> Buka ya Equine Science (2017) ga e na tshekatsheko ya palo ya dipitse tsa Botswana;<ref>Parker, Rick (2018). ''[https://www.worldcat.org/en/title/1054197727 Equine science]'' (5th&#x20;ed.). Delmar Cengage Learning. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-305-94972-0</bdi>.</ref>le fa go ntse jalo, Chris J. Mortensen o supa go ya ka data go tswa go Mokgatlho wa Dijo le Temothuo wa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng (FAO) go nna teng ga letsomane la 30 907 ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014).<ref name=":11" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008), Oladimeji Idowu Oladele le Milly Monkhei ba ne ba neela tshedimosetso e e latelang ya bong le e e lekanyeditsweng ya go nna le palogotlhe ya dipitse di le 25 387 mo nageng: Maun le dikgaolo tsa Bophirima di tsadisa dipitse tse dintsi. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFOladele2008]{{Harvtxt|Oladele|2008|p=3}}</ref>Gape go na le dipharologano tsa thutafatshe mo go nneng le dipitse: basadi mo kgaolong ya Maun ba na le dipitse tse dintsi go feta ba kwa dikgaolong tse dingwe.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Botswana#CITEREFOladele2008]{{Harvtxt|Oladele|2008|p=1}}</ref> Ga go itsiwe go le gontsi ka go ruiwa ga dipitse mo lefelong leno.<ref name=":0" />Bontsi jwa dipitse kwa Botswana di tsholwa mo dipolaseng tsa setso, tse go ka diregang gore di dirisa mokgwa o monnye o o laolwang wa go tsadisa ka go tlhopha. <ref name=":0" /> == Mefuta e e tsadisitsweng == [[Setshwantsho:Shepherd on donkey on the move.jpg|thumb|Morui wa mo polaseng o ipaakanyetsa go fudusa dipodi tsa gagwe ka ngwaga wa 2019]] Database ya DAD-IS e na le mefuta e le lesome le bobedi ya dipitse tse di dirisiwang ga jaana mo Botswana, le fa e le gore bontsi jwa tsona ga se mefuta e e tlholegileng mo lefelong leo: Appaloosa, Arabian, South African Boer, Hanoverian, Kalahari pony, Nooitgedachter, Quarter Horse, Thoroughbred, Tswana, Warmblood le Welsh pony.<ref>Système d’Information sur la Diversité des Animaux Domestiques. [https://www.fao.org/dad-is/browse-by-country-and-species/fr/ "Races par espèces et pays".] Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture. Retrieved 30 September 2022.</ref> Dipitse tsa mofuta o o feletseng di tsadisetswa mo lefelong leo go tsadisa, go dira tiro ya go palama dipitse le go dira lotseno, mmogo le mabaka a setso a a jaaka mabelo a dipitse le go palama dipitse.<ref>DAD-IS[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Thoroughbred&lang=fr . "Thoroughbred / Botswana (Cheval)"]. Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>Appaloosa,<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Appaloosa&lang=fr "Appaloosa / Botswana (Cheval)".] Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref> Quarter Horse,<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Quarter%20Horse&lang=fr "Quarter Horse / Botswana (Cheval)"]. Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>Nooitgedacht,<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Nooitgedachter&lang=fr "Nooitgedachter / Botswana (Cheval)"]. Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>Arabian<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Arab&lang=fr "Arab / Botswana (Cheval)"]. Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>le dipitse tsa metshameko<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Warm%20blood&lang=fr "Warmblood / Botswana (Cheval)".] Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>di tsadisetswa mabaka a a tshwanang, go tlaleletsa go tsoma, go lema ka ditlhopha le go busetsa boloko. Boer gape e dirisetswa bana go palama dipitse. <ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Boerperd&lang=fr "Boerperd / Botswana (Cheval)".] Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>Tswana e tsadisetswa merero e e fa godimo, gammogo le nama ya yona.<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Tswana&lang=fr "Tswana / Botswana (Cheval)".] Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref> Ga go na tshedimosetso e e leng teng ka tiriso ya Hanoverian<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Hanoverian&lang=fr "Hanoverian / Botswana (Cheval)".] Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>kgotsa Welsh.<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Welsh%20Pony&lang=fr "Welsh Pony / Botswana (Cheval)"]. Retrieved 14 March 2023.</ref> Pony ya Kalahari<ref>DAD-IS. [https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BWA&specie=Horse&breed=Kalahari%20pony&lang=fr "Kalahari pony / Botswana (Cheval)".] Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref>e tlhalosiwa jaaka "mofuta o o tlwaeditsweng wa selegae", mme ga go na tshedimosetso ya palo ya batho kgotsa tiriso e e leng teng. === Malwetse le go tshwaediwa ke megare === Botswana e na le bolwetse jwa rabies, jo bo ka amang dipitse ka sewelo (3.13% ya dikgetse tsa rabies tse di lemogilweng mo nageng eo magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe e masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989) le ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006).<ref>Moagabo, Keabetswe; Monyame, K. B.; Baipoledi, Eddie; Letshwenyo, Moetapele; Mapitse, Neo; Hyera, Joseph (2009). [https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC86404 "A retrospective longitudinal study of animal and human rabies in Botswana 1989–2006".] ''Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research''. '''76''' (4): 399–407. doi:10.4102/ojvr.v76i4.24. PMID&#x20;21344790. Retrieved 30 September 2022.</ref>Go ne ga begwa gore go na le ditlhaselo tse dintsi tsa equine influenza mo Afrika Borwa, Lesotho le Namibia, gaufi le molelwane le Botswana ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1987), mme ga go na dikgetsi dipe tse di begilweng mo Botswana; fela fa ditlhaselo di sena go begwa, mesepele ya dipitse e ne ya thibelwa.<ref>Guthrie, Alan; Stevens, Kim; Bosman, P. P. (1999). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13108343 "The circumstances surrounding the outbreak and spread of equine influenza in South Africa"]. ''Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)''. '''18''' (1): 179–185. doi:10.20506/rst.18.1.1155. PMID&#x20;10190213. Retrieved 30 September 2022</ref> === Dintshi tsa Tsetse le Nagana === Mafelo a a mogote thata a borwa jwa Afrika a tletse ka dintsi tsa tsetse (Glossina), tse di fetisang trypanosomes, e leng dipharasaete tsa madi tse di bakang bolwetse jo bo bolayang mo dipaleng, nagana. <ref name=":10" /><ref name=":10" />Dintshi tseno di fitlhelwa go bapa le noka ya Limpopo, segolo thata fa e kopanang le noka ya Pongola. Mojanala Frank Vardon o ne a ribolola ditshenekegi tseno mo kgaolong eno fa a ne a tsamaya ka pitse ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane le botlhano (1845) kgotsa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane le borataro (1846).<ref name=":10" /> === Bolwetse jwa dipitse jwa Afrika === Bolwetse jwa dipitse tsa Afrika ke mogare o o anamisiwang ke dinonyane tse dinnye tse di senyang borwa jwa Afrika ka metlha. <ref>Clarence-Smith, William (2008). [http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:844165/FULLTEXT01.pdf "Southeast Asia and Southern Africa in the Maritime Horse Trade of the Indian Ocean, c. 1800–1914"] (PDF). ''Breed of Empire: The "Invention" of the Horse in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa 1500–1950''</ref>Tlhokomelo ya malwetse a leroborobo e bontsha gore magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1995) le ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004), go ne ga lemogiwa dikgetse tsa kalafi di le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe kwa Botswana, tsotlhe mo dipitseng tse di sa entiwang. <ref name=":15">Hyera, Joseph; Baipoledi, Eddie (2008). [https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC99752 "A serological survey of African horse sickness in Botswana: research communication".] ''Journal of the South African Veterinary Association''. '''79''' (1): 44–45. doi:10.4102/jsava.v79i1.240. hdl:10520/EJC99752. PMID&#x20;18678192. Retrieved 30 September 2022.</ref><ref name=":15" />Mefuta ya dibaketeria tse di fitlhelwang mo Botswana ke Culicoides miombo le Culicoides imicola,<ref name=":16">Diarra, Maryam; Fall, Moussa; Fall, Assane; Diop, Aliou (2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3973751 "Seasonal dynamics of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges, potential vectors of African horse sickness and bluetongue viruses in the Niayes area of Senegal"]. ''Parasites & Vectors''. '''7''' (1): 147. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-147. PMC&#x20;3973751. PMID&#x20;24690198.</ref>e e fitlhelwang gantsi go ya ka patlisiso e e dirilweng kwa Gaborone ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997).<ref>Mushi, E.Z.; Isa, J. F. W.; Chabo, R. G.; Binta, M. G. (1998). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006152500642 "Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) associated with horses at Mogoditshane, Gaborone, Botswana"]. ''Veterinary Research Communications''. '''22''' (5): 295–297. doi:10.1023/A:1006152500642. PMID&#x20;9778774. S2CID&#x20;26615166. Retrieved 30 September 2022.</ref> Se se na le ditlamorago tsa ikonomi mo beng ba dipitse (sekao, barulaganyi ba safari), mme gape go na le tatlhegelo ya maikutlo. <ref>Carelesen, Louise (2013). [https://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/abs/10.12968/eqhe.2013.1.9.35 "African horse sickness".] ''Equine Health''. '''2013''' (9): 35–37. doi:10.12968/eqhe.2013.1.9.35. Retrieved 30 September 2022</ref>Di-carnivores tse di jang nama ya pitse e e tshwaeditsweng di ka nna tsa tshwaetsega.<ref>Alexander, Kathleen; Kat, Pieter; House, James; House, Carol (1995). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/037811359500059J "African horse sickness and African carnivores"]. ''Veterinary Microbiology''. '''47''' (1): 133–140. doi:10.1016/0378-1135(95)00059-J. PMID&#x20;8604545. Retrieved 30 September 2022.</ref> Go na le matsholo a go oketsa kitso ya beng ba dipitse le go ba dira gore ba entiwe.<ref name=":16" /> == Setso == Mo bukeng ya The Long Ride Home (2014), mokwadi Rupert Isaacson o bua ka loeto lwa gagwe le morwa wa gagwe wa autistic Rowan go palama dipitse mo gare ga Ba-Bushmen ba Namibia, mme kwa Botswana.<ref>Isaacson, Rupert (2016)[https://books.google.com/books?id=gjUeDQAAQBAJ&dq=L%27enfant-cheval+Botswana&pg=PT103 . ''L'Enfant et le cheval de vent: L'extraordinaire voyage qui a changé une vie'']. Albin Michel. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-2-226-42154-8</bdi>.</ref>Isaacson o ne a thibelwa go tswa mo Botswana ka ntlha ya tshegetso ya gagwe ya batho ba San mo kgotlhang ya lefatshe la bagologolo mo Botswana.<ref>Savin, Tristan (2009)[https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/livre/en-selle-avec-rupert-isaacson_825636.html . ''En selle avec Rupert Isaacson'']. L'Express. Retrieved 27 February 2023.</ref> == Metswedi == , 4kayutne0tou4cdq2qkrsdby68erc58 Memelo a difofane a Maun 0 14700 53351 2026-07-27T12:57:36Z JudithShe 9421 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364139114|Maun Airport]]" 53351 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Apron_Airport_Maun_(2015).jpg|thumb| Maemelo a difofane a Mau(2015)]] '''Maemelo a difofane a Maun''' ( ke maemelo a difofane a mafatshefatshe a a direlang toropo ya [[Maun]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Bokone Bophirima]] jwa [[Botswana]] . A ka fa letlhakoreng le le kwa bokone la toropo mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go one ka bese ya shuttle kgotsa thekisi. Maemelo a difofane a Maun a bereka e le kgoro e kgolo ya [[Makgobokgobo a Okavango]] le [[Moremi Game Reserve|Lefelo la Diphologolo la Moremi]] . Dikompone tse dintsi tsa bojanala di neelana ka difofane tse di hirilweng mo godimo ga makgobokgobo le go ya kwa mafelong a Botswana a a tshwanang le [[Makgadikgadi pans|Makgadikgadi Pans]], mangwe a mafelo a magolo a a metsi a a bonalang ka dipaka dingwe mo Aforika . Go direla matlo a bonno a mantsi mo lefelong leo ke tiro e kgolo, go akaretsa le go tsamaisa bapalami le dijo, ka difofane tsa sekgala se sekhutshwane di tsaya metsotso e le mmalwa fa loeto e le lwa lori ya 4x4 lo lo neng lo tla tsaya diura di le mmalwa. Ditirelo tse, ka nako ya fa di le kwa godimo ka paka e e kwa godimo ya Seetebosigo go ya go Phatwe, di dira gore maemelo a difofane a, a nne a bobedi ka go tlhanasela mo Aforika ka metsamao ya difofane. <ref name="AW 7-23">{{Cite journal |last=Spaeth |first=Andreas |date=July 2023 |title=Botswana's sky-high bush safari |journal=Airliner World |issue=288 |pages=53–61}}</ref> Gape go na le difofane tse di rulagantsweng letsatsi le letsatsi go ya kwa mafelong a a rileng mo [[Botswana]] le [[Aforika Borwa|mo Aforikaborwa]] . <ref name="tu suspend">{{Cite web |title=Southern & East African Tourism Update |url=http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425204950/http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights |archive-date=25 April 2017 |access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref> [[Wilderness Air]] e tsamaisa difofane tse di hirilweng ka dinako tsotlhe go tswa kwa lefelong la yone la Windhoek-Eros -hub, kwa Namibia go ya kwa Maun. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wilderness Air » Botswana |url=http://www.wilderness-air.com/where-we-are/botswana/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820141031/http://www.wilderness-air.com/where-we-are/botswana/ |archive-date=20 August 2018 |access-date=2018-08-20 |website=www.wilderness-air.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ditso tsa pele tsa 1925-1939 == Difofane tse, di ne di letiwa fa di ntse di tlisa dikgang tsa lefatshe le le kwa ntle, poso, melemo, dijo, mme mo godimo ga tsotlhe, batho ba basha mo setšhabeng se se bokgakala jwa makgolokgolo a dikilometara go tswa kwa toropong e kgolo e e gaufi. Tirelo ya ntlha ya difofane e simolotse ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo, go dirisiwa tsela ya go kotama e gompieno e leng tsela e kgolo ya Maun. Moragonyana tsela e, e ne ya sutisiwa go tswa mo bogareng jwa toropo go ya kwa lefelong le gone jaanong e leng maemelo a difofane. Difofane tsa ntlha tse di itsegeng mo godimo ga Okavango di diragetse ka Phukwi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le botlhano, mme e ne e le bontlha jwa patlisiso ya dinoka mo kgaolong, go dirisiwa difofane tse di neng di le kwa Livingstone. Go ne ga dirisiwa difofane tse pedi tsa mofuta wa Airco DH 9, dinomoro tsa 142 le 144 tsa Sesole sa Tshireletso sa Kopano ya Aforika Borwa sa nako eo, di tsamaisiwa ke mokgweetsi CW Meredith le Molefetenente L. Tasker. Ba ne ba tsamaya go ya kwa Livingstone go tswa kwa [[Johannesburg]] ba ralala Bulawayo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=www.ngamitimes.com/Archives/ |url=http://ngamitimes.com/archives.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424151330/http://www.ngamitimes.com/archives.html |archive-date=24 April 2016 |access-date=2018-08-20 |website=The Ngami Times |language=en}}</ref> Airlink e simolotse go tsamaya ka tlhamalalo fa gare ga Cape Town le Maun go simolola ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro. Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro, Air Namibia e ne ya emisa difofane tse di neng di rulagantswe go ya kwa maemelo difofane a Maun. <ref name="tu suspend">{{Cite web |title=Southern & East African Tourism Update |url=http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425204950/http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights |archive-date=25 April 2017 |access-date=25 April 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170425204950/http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights "Southern & East African Tourism Update"]. </cite></ref> Ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi badiredipuso ba netefaditse maitlamo a bone a go tlhabolola le go atolosa kago e e leng teng ya maemelo a difofane. == Difofane le mafelo a di yang kwa go one == {{Airport-dest-list|[[Air Botswana]]|[[Cape Town International Airport|Cape Town]],<ref name="BP">{{cite web |title=Air Botswana Network Expansion From Sep 2024 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240903-bpsep24 |website=Aeroroutes |access-date=3 September 2024}}</ref> [[Sir Seretse Khama International Airport|Gaborone]], [[O. R. Tambo International Airport|Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo]], [[Kasane Airport|Kasane]], [[Victoria Falls Airport|Victoria Falls]], [[Hosea Kutako International Airport|Windhoek–Hosea Kutako]]<ref name="BP"/>|[[Airlink]]|[[Cape Town International Airport|Cape Town]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airlineroute.net/2015/10/16/sa-cmub-mar16/|title=SA Airlink Adds Cape Town - Maun Service from March 2016|publisher=Airlineroute.net|date=16 October 2015|accessdate=15 October 2015}}</ref> [[O. R. Tambo International Airport|Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://victoriafalls24.com/blog/2016/06/26/air-namibia-suspend-flights-maun/|title = Air Namibia to suspend flights to Maun|date = 25 June 2016}}</ref>|[[CemAir]]|[[OR Tambo International Airport|Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/230210-5zmub|title=CemAir Adds Johannesburg - Maun Service From May 2023|publisher=AeroRoutes|date=10 February 2023|accessdate=11 February 2023}}</ref>|[[Ethiopian Airlines]]|[[Addis Ababa Bole International Airport|Addis Ababa]],<ref>{{OAGWorldMay2025Ref|title=Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ADD|pages=17-19}}</ref> [[Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe International Airport|Ndola]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ethiopian Airlines NS24 Africa Service Changes – 24JAN24 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240125-etns24af |website=Aeroroutes |access-date=25 January 2024}}</ref>|{{nowrap|[[Fastjet Zimbabwe]]}}|[[Victoria Falls Airport|Victoria Falls]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fastjet.com/en/fastjet-blog/feature-articles/fastjet-links-victoria-falls-to-mauns-okavango-delta-with-new-direct-flight|title=Cheap flights to Zimbabwe, South Africa and Botswana}}</ref>|[[Westair Aviation (Namibia)|FlyNamibia]]|'''Seasonal:''' [[Katima Mulilo Airport|Katima Mulilo]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://economist.com.na/88535/tourism/flynamibia-boosts-zambezi-region-tourism-with-flight-route-shift-and-enhanced-connectivity/ | title=FlyNamibia boosts Zambezi Region tourism with flight route shift and enhanced connectivity &#124; Namibia Economist }}</ref> [[Hosea Kutako International Airport|Windhoek–Hosea Kutako]]<ref>{{cite web |title=FlyNamibia Adds Windhoek – Maun in 3Q24 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240506-4zjul24mub |website=Aeroroutes |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref>}} == Dikotsi == Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi sefofane sa Cessna 414 se ne sa phatlakana se tswa [[Gaborone]] se ya Maun. Mokgweetsi wa sefofane le mopalami ba ne ba tsamaya dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mabedi go bona thuso. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC News &#124; AFRICA &#124; Crash survivors found in desert |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/668059.stm}}</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Dipalamo tsa lefatshe la Botswana]] * [[Maemelo a difofane a Botswana]] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} gyjgs7dcors4i7q0xo4zwx6s7czgf49 Maemelo a difofane a Maun 0 14701 53352 2026-07-27T12:58:16Z JudithShe 9421 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364139114|Maun Airport]]" 53352 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Setshwantsho:Apron_Airport_Maun_(2015).jpg|thumb| Maemelo a difofane a Mau(2015)]] '''Maemelo a difofane a Maun''' ( ke maemelo a difofane a mafatshefatshe a a direlang toropo ya [[Maun]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Bokone Bophirima]] jwa [[Botswana]] . A ka fa letlhakoreng le le kwa bokone la toropo mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go one ka bese ya shuttle kgotsa thekisi. Maemelo a difofane a Maun a bereka e le kgoro e kgolo ya [[Makgobokgobo a Okavango]] le [[Moremi Game Reserve|Lefelo la Diphologolo la Moremi]] . Dikompone tse dintsi tsa bojanala di neelana ka difofane tse di hirilweng mo godimo ga makgobokgobo le go ya kwa mafelong a Botswana a a tshwanang le [[Makgadikgadi pans|Makgadikgadi Pans]], mangwe a mafelo a magolo a a metsi a a bonalang ka dipaka dingwe mo Aforika . Go direla matlo a bonno a mantsi mo lefelong leo ke tiro e kgolo, go akaretsa le go tsamaisa bapalami le dijo, ka difofane tsa sekgala se sekhutshwane di tsaya metsotso e le mmalwa fa loeto e le lwa lori ya 4x4 lo lo neng lo tla tsaya diura di le mmalwa. Ditirelo tse, ka nako ya fa di le kwa godimo ka paka e e kwa godimo ya Seetebosigo go ya go Phatwe, di dira gore maemelo a difofane a, a nne a bobedi ka go tlhanasela mo Aforika ka metsamao ya difofane. <ref name="AW 7-23">{{Cite journal |last=Spaeth |first=Andreas |date=July 2023 |title=Botswana's sky-high bush safari |journal=Airliner World |issue=288 |pages=53–61}}</ref> Gape go na le difofane tse di rulagantsweng letsatsi le letsatsi go ya kwa mafelong a a rileng mo [[Botswana]] le [[Aforika Borwa|mo Aforikaborwa]] . <ref name="tu suspend">{{Cite web |title=Southern & East African Tourism Update |url=http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425204950/http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights |archive-date=25 April 2017 |access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref> [[Wilderness Air]] e tsamaisa difofane tse di hirilweng ka dinako tsotlhe go tswa kwa lefelong la yone la Windhoek-Eros -hub, kwa Namibia go ya kwa Maun. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wilderness Air » Botswana |url=http://www.wilderness-air.com/where-we-are/botswana/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820141031/http://www.wilderness-air.com/where-we-are/botswana/ |archive-date=20 August 2018 |access-date=2018-08-20 |website=www.wilderness-air.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ditso tsa pele tsa 1925-1939 == Difofane tse, di ne di letiwa fa di ntse di tlisa dikgang tsa lefatshe le le kwa ntle, poso, melemo, dijo, mme mo godimo ga tsotlhe, batho ba basha mo setšhabeng se se bokgakala jwa makgolokgolo a dikilometara go tswa kwa toropong e kgolo e e gaufi. Tirelo ya ntlha ya difofane e simolotse ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo, go dirisiwa tsela ya go kotama e gompieno e leng tsela e kgolo ya Maun. Moragonyana tsela e, e ne ya sutisiwa go tswa mo bogareng jwa toropo go ya kwa lefelong le gone jaanong e leng maemelo a difofane. Difofane tsa ntlha tse di itsegeng mo godimo ga Okavango di diragetse ka Phukwi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le botlhano, mme e ne e le bontlha jwa patlisiso ya dinoka mo kgaolong, go dirisiwa difofane tse di neng di le kwa Livingstone. Go ne ga dirisiwa difofane tse pedi tsa mofuta wa Airco DH 9, dinomoro tsa 142 le 144 tsa Sesole sa Tshireletso sa Kopano ya Aforika Borwa sa nako eo, di tsamaisiwa ke mokgweetsi CW Meredith le Molefetenente L. Tasker. Ba ne ba tsamaya go ya kwa Livingstone go tswa kwa [[Johannesburg]] ba ralala Bulawayo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=www.ngamitimes.com/Archives/ |url=http://ngamitimes.com/archives.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424151330/http://www.ngamitimes.com/archives.html |archive-date=24 April 2016 |access-date=2018-08-20 |website=The Ngami Times |language=en}}</ref> Airlink e simolotse go tsamaya ka tlhamalalo fa gare ga Cape Town le Maun go simolola ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro. Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro, Air Namibia e ne ya emisa difofane tse di neng di rulagantswe go ya kwa maemelo difofane a Maun. <ref name="tu suspend">{{Cite web |title=Southern & East African Tourism Update |url=http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425204950/http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights |archive-date=25 April 2017 |access-date=25 April 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170425204950/http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights "Southern & East African Tourism Update"]. </cite></ref> Ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi badiredipuso ba netefaditse maitlamo a bone a go tlhabolola le go atolosa kago e e leng teng ya maemelo a difofane. == Difofane le mafelo a di yang kwa go one == {{Airport-dest-list|[[Air Botswana]]|[[Cape Town International Airport|Cape Town]],<ref name="BP">{{cite web |title=Air Botswana Network Expansion From Sep 2024 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240903-bpsep24 |website=Aeroroutes |access-date=3 September 2024}}</ref> [[Sir Seretse Khama International Airport|Gaborone]], [[O. R. Tambo International Airport|Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo]], [[Kasane Airport|Kasane]], [[Victoria Falls Airport|Victoria Falls]], [[Hosea Kutako International Airport|Windhoek–Hosea Kutako]]<ref name="BP"/>|[[Airlink]]|[[Cape Town International Airport|Cape Town]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airlineroute.net/2015/10/16/sa-cmub-mar16/|title=SA Airlink Adds Cape Town - Maun Service from March 2016|publisher=Airlineroute.net|date=16 October 2015|accessdate=15 October 2015}}</ref> [[O. R. Tambo International Airport|Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://victoriafalls24.com/blog/2016/06/26/air-namibia-suspend-flights-maun/|title = Air Namibia to suspend flights to Maun|date = 25 June 2016}}</ref>|[[CemAir]]|[[OR Tambo International Airport|Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/230210-5zmub|title=CemAir Adds Johannesburg - Maun Service From May 2023|publisher=AeroRoutes|date=10 February 2023|accessdate=11 February 2023}}</ref>|[[Ethiopian Airlines]]|[[Addis Ababa Bole International Airport|Addis Ababa]],<ref>{{OAGWorldMay2025Ref|title=Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ADD|pages=17-19}}</ref> [[Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe International Airport|Ndola]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ethiopian Airlines NS24 Africa Service Changes – 24JAN24 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240125-etns24af |website=Aeroroutes |access-date=25 January 2024}}</ref>|{{nowrap|[[Fastjet Zimbabwe]]}}|[[Victoria Falls Airport|Victoria Falls]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fastjet.com/en/fastjet-blog/feature-articles/fastjet-links-victoria-falls-to-mauns-okavango-delta-with-new-direct-flight|title=Cheap flights to Zimbabwe, South Africa and Botswana}}</ref>|[[Westair Aviation (Namibia)|FlyNamibia]]|'''Seasonal:''' [[Katima Mulilo Airport|Katima Mulilo]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://economist.com.na/88535/tourism/flynamibia-boosts-zambezi-region-tourism-with-flight-route-shift-and-enhanced-connectivity/ | title=FlyNamibia boosts Zambezi Region tourism with flight route shift and enhanced connectivity &#124; Namibia Economist }}</ref> [[Hosea Kutako International Airport|Windhoek–Hosea Kutako]]<ref>{{cite web |title=FlyNamibia Adds Windhoek – Maun in 3Q24 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240506-4zjul24mub |website=Aeroroutes |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref>}} == Dikotsi == Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi sefofane sa Cessna 414 se ne sa phatlakana se tswa [[Gaborone]] se ya Maun. Mokgweetsi wa sefofane le mopalami ba ne ba tsamaya dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mabedi go bona thuso. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC News &#124; AFRICA &#124; Crash survivors found in desert |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/668059.stm}}</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Dipalamo tsa lefatshe la Botswana]] * [[Maemelo a difofane a Botswana]] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} o10o27hgh3u6bztvw1oqx0m7enax5nj 53353 53352 2026-07-27T13:03:19Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Maemelo a difofane a Maun #Wikipedia25BW 53353 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Setshwantsho:Apron_Airport_Maun_(2015).jpg|thumb| Maemelo a difofane a Mau(2015)]] '''Maemelo a difofane a Maun''' ( ke maemelo a difofane a mafatshefatshe a a direlang toropo ya [[Maun]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Bokone Bophirima]] jwa [[Botswana]] . A ka fa letlhakoreng le le kwa bokone la toropo mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go one ka bese ya shuttle kgotsa thekisi. Maemelo a difofane a Maun a bereka e le kgoro e kgolo ya [[Makgobokgobo a Okavango]] le [[Moremi Game Reserve|Lefelo la Diphologolo la Moremi]] . Dikompone tse dintsi tsa bojanala di neelana ka difofane tse di hirilweng mo godimo ga makgobokgobo le go ya kwa mafelong a Botswana a a tshwanang le [[Makgadikgadi pans|Makgadikgadi Pans]], mangwe a mafelo a magolo a a metsi a a bonalang ka dipaka dingwe mo Aforika . Go direla matlo a bonno a mantsi mo lefelong leo ke tiro e kgolo, go akaretsa le go tsamaisa bapalami le dijo, ka difofane tsa sekgala se sekhutshwane di tsaya metsotso e le mmalwa fa loeto e le lwa lori ya 4x4 lo lo neng lo tla tsaya diura di le mmalwa. Ditirelo tse, ka nako ya fa di le kwa godimo ka paka e e kwa godimo ya Seetebosigo go ya go Phatwe, di dira gore maemelo a difofane a, a nne a bobedi ka go tlhanasela mo Aforika ka metsamao ya difofane. <ref name="AW 7-23">{{Cite journal |last=Spaeth |first=Andreas |date=July 2023 |title=Botswana's sky-high bush safari |journal=Airliner World |issue=288 |pages=53–61}}</ref> Gape go na le difofane tse di rulagantsweng letsatsi le letsatsi go ya kwa mafelong a a rileng mo [[Botswana]] le [[Aforika Borwa|mo Aforikaborwa]] . <ref name="tu suspend">{{Cite web |title=Southern & East African Tourism Update |url=http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425204950/http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights |archive-date=25 April 2017 |access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref> [[Wilderness Air]] e tsamaisa difofane tse di hirilweng ka dinako tsotlhe go tswa kwa lefelong la yone la Windhoek-Eros -hub, kwa Namibia go ya kwa Maun. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wilderness Air » Botswana |url=http://www.wilderness-air.com/where-we-are/botswana/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820141031/http://www.wilderness-air.com/where-we-are/botswana/ |archive-date=20 August 2018 |access-date=2018-08-20 |website=www.wilderness-air.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ditso tsa pele tsa 1925-1939 == Difofane tse, di ne di letiwa fa di ntse di tlisa dikgang tsa lefatshe le le kwa ntle, poso, melemo, dijo, mme mo godimo ga tsotlhe, batho ba basha mo setšhabeng se se bokgakala jwa makgolokgolo a dikilometara go tswa kwa toropong e kgolo e e gaufi. Tirelo ya ntlha ya difofane e simolotse ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo, go dirisiwa tsela ya go kotama e gompieno e leng tsela e kgolo ya Maun. Moragonyana tsela e, e ne ya sutisiwa go tswa mo bogareng jwa toropo go ya kwa lefelong le gone jaanong e leng maemelo a difofane. Difofane tsa ntlha tse di itsegeng mo godimo ga Okavango di diragetse ka Phukwi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le botlhano, mme e ne e le bontlha jwa patlisiso ya dinoka mo kgaolong, go dirisiwa difofane tse di neng di le kwa Livingstone. Go ne ga dirisiwa difofane tse pedi tsa mofuta wa Airco DH 9, dinomoro tsa 142 le 144 tsa Sesole sa Tshireletso sa Kopano ya Aforika Borwa sa nako eo, di tsamaisiwa ke mokgweetsi CW Meredith le Molefetenente L. Tasker. Ba ne ba tsamaya go ya kwa Livingstone go tswa kwa [[Johannesburg]] ba ralala Bulawayo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=www.ngamitimes.com/Archives/ |url=http://ngamitimes.com/archives.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424151330/http://www.ngamitimes.com/archives.html |archive-date=24 April 2016 |access-date=2018-08-20 |website=The Ngami Times |language=en}}</ref> Airlink e simolotse go tsamaya ka tlhamalalo fa gare ga Cape Town le Maun go simolola ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro. Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro, Air Namibia e ne ya emisa difofane tse di neng di rulagantswe go ya kwa maemelo difofane a Maun. <ref name="tu suspend">{{Cite web |title=Southern & East African Tourism Update |url=http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425204950/http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights |archive-date=25 April 2017 |access-date=25 April 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170425204950/http://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/110676/Botswana-Air-Namibia-to-suspend-Maun-flights "Southern & East African Tourism Update"]. </cite></ref> Ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi badiredipuso ba netefaditse maitlamo a bone a go tlhabolola le go atolosa kago e e leng teng ya maemelo a difofane. == Difofane le mafelo a di yang kwa go one == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Difofane !Kwa di yang teng |- |Air Botswana |Cape Town<ref name=":0">[https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240903-bpsep24 Air Botswana Network Expansion From Sep 2024"]. ''Aeroroutes''. Retrieved 27 jULY 2026</ref>, Gaborone, Johannesburg, Kasane, Windhoek-Hosea Kutako<ref name=":0" /> |- |Airlink |Cape Town, Johannesburg |- |CemAir |Johannesburg |- |Ethiopian Airline |Addis Ababa, Ndola |- |Fastjet Zimbabwe |Victoria Falls |- |FlyNamibia |Ka dinako dingwe: Katima mulilo, Windhoek:Hosea Kutako |} == Dikotsi == Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi sefofane sa Cessna 414 se ne sa phatlakana se tswa [[Gaborone]] se ya Maun. Mokgweetsi wa sefofane le mopalami ba ne ba tsamaya dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mabedi go bona thuso. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC News &#124; AFRICA &#124; Crash survivors found in desert |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/668059.stm}}</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Dipalamo tsa lefatshe la Botswana]] * [[Maemelo a difofane a Botswana]] == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} ba53znupi1qc7zl7ma0ca0nhkpmzgno Ministry of Education and Skills Development 0 14702 53355 2026-07-27T13:19:16Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya v #Wikipedia25BW 53355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox government agency|name=Ministry of Education and Skills Development|type=Lephata|seal=Coat of arms of Botswana.svg|seal_width=190px|image=Ministry of Education and Skills Development.jpg|jurisdiction=[[Botswana]]}} '''Ministry of Education and Skills Development''' ke lephata la puso mo [[Botswana]], Diofisi tsa lone di mo [[Gaborone]].<ref>[http://www.mterst.gov.bw/index.php?id=15 "Contact Us]<sup>&#x5B;''permanent dead link''&#x5D;</sup>." Ministry of Education and Skills Development. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> Lephata la Ministry of Tertiary Education, Research Science and Technology le diretswe go aga kitso le botlhami ka go diratasa melao le tlhabololo ya thuto e kgolwane, ditshekatsheko, maranyane le botegeniki go fetola Botswana go nna setshaba se se nang le kitso ka go bereka le bana le seabe ba bangwe.<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/ministries/ministry-tertiary-education-research-science-and-technology "Ministry of Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology | Government of Botswana".] ''www.gov.bw''. Retrieved 27 july 2026</ref> == Ditso == Lephata le tlhamilwe ka Phalane ngwagwa dikete pedi lesome le borataro. == Maphata == * Ditirelo tsa kgwebo * Radiation Protection Inspectorate * Komiti ya Botswana ya UNESCO * Lephata la madi * Ditshekatsheko, maranyane le botegeniki * Lephata la baithuti == Dikompone tsa seka puso le go ikemela == * [[Botswana Accountancy College (BAC)]] * Botswana Open University (BOU) * Botswana Innovation Hub (BIH) * Botswana Institute for Technology, Research and Innovation (BITRI) * [[Botswana International University of Science and Technology|Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST)]] * Botswana Qualifications Authority (BQA) * Human Resource Council (HRDC) * [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana|Mmadikolo wa Botswana (UB)]] == Dikolo == === Dikolo tsa thuto: === * [[Molepolole]] College of Education * [[Serowe]] College of Education * [[Tlokweng]] College of Education * [[Tonota]] College of Education === Dikolo tsa tiro ya diatla: === * Botswana College of Engineering and Technology * [[Gaborone]] Technical College * [[Jwaneng]] Technical College * [[Maun]] Technical College * [[Oodi]] College of Applied Arts and Technology * [[Palapye]] Technical College * [[Selebi-Phikwe|Selibe Phikwe]] Technical College * [[Francistown]] College of Technical and Vocational Education == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Thuto mo Botswana]] == Metswedi == oqucceklr1ntguu31st5krdfgwfubua Itumeleng Junior Boitshwarelo 0 14703 53356 2026-07-27T13:20:17Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Itumeleng Junior Boitshwarelo 53356 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itumeleng Junior Boitshwarelo''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998), yo gape a itsegeng ka leina la Artist '''ItumelengIJB''' kgotsa '''IJB''', ke motaki wa ditshwantsho, motaki wa ditshwantsho, motaki wa ditshwantsho, motaki wa ditshwantsho tsa dijithale le motlhami. O itsege thata ka ditiro tsa gagwe tsa surrealist tse di kopanyang thitokgang ya setso sa Seaforika le mekgwa ya segompieno ya ditshwantsho, gantsi a dirisa pente ya sekgatshi mo godimo ga dilo tse di sa tlwaelegang jaaka polasetiki, logong, tshipi le mabota.<ref name=":0">[https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/a-visionary-artist-with-a-surreal-touch/news "A visionary artist with a surreal touch"]. ''Mmegi''. 7 February 2025. Retrieved 18 April 2026</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.botswanayouth.com/the-artist-whose-changing-the-art-game/ "The artist whose changing the art game".] ''Botswana Youth''. 11 August 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2026.</ref> == Botshelo le thuto == Boitshwarelo o tsholetswe kwa [[Gaborone,]] Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> O ne a simolola go kgatlhegela go taka ka nako ya fa a ne a le kwa sekolong sa pele ga sekolo, fa tiro ya go taka e neng ya dira gore a lemoge bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa botaki. O simolotse go ithuta ka botaki kwa Sekolong sa Bokamoso Junior Secondary le kwa [[Sekolong sa Naledi Senior Secondary]]. <ref name=":2">Bakang, Patricia (1 August 2017). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/37547 "Boitshwarelo takes painting to another level".] ''Daily News''. Retrieved 18 April 2026 &#x2013; via BOPA.</ref>Mo nakong eno, o ne a lekeletsa dilo tse e seng tsa setso, go akaretsa le go penta mo direkotong tsa vinyl. Moragonyana o ne a ithutela Bachelor of Design (Honours) mo Professional Design kwa Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, a aloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022).<ref name=":1" /> O ne a tsopola ditlamorago tsa selegae le tsa boditšhabatšhaba mo tlhabololong ya gagwe ya botaki, go akaretsa motaki wa Botswana Wilson Ngoni le motaki wa ditshwantsho Fabion Millian.<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":0" /> == Tiro == Boitshwarelo o simolotse go lekeletsa dipente tsa sekgatshi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016), kwa tshimologong a dira matshwao a setaele sa graffiti mo mafelong a botlhe. Moragonyana o ne a oketsa tiro ya gagwe ya go taka ditshwantsho mo maboteng le go dira ditshwantsho tse dikgolo. Kgatelopele e kgolo mo tirong ya gagwe e diragetse ka nako ya go thibelwa ga COVID-19 ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2020) kwa Botswana, fa a ne a simolola go dira ka pente ya sekgatshi mo polasetiki e e phuthetsweng le mafelo a mangwe a a dirilweng, a dira mokgwa wa gagwe wa go lekeletsa. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> O tsere karolo mo dipontshong le dikgaisano di le dintsi, go akaretsa: * Dipontsho tsa Thapong Visual Arts Centre (2014-2019) * Botswana National Youth Council Art Fair (2014 -2016) * Dikgaisano tsa Letsatsi la Moporesitente (2018 -2019) * Pontsho ya motho a le esi kwa Montgomery, Alabama (2018)<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Ditiro tsa gagwe tse a di laetseng di akaretsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo leboteng le dipontsho tsa botaki tse di dirwang mo mafelong a botlhe le a poraefete jaaka SPAR, Kalafhi Hospital, Limkokwing University, le ditiragalo tse di farologaneng tsa setso. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">[https://www.behance.net/itumelengboitshw26 "Itumeleng IJB – Mural-Graffiti Artist".] ''Behance''. Retrieved 18 April 2026.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), o nna kwa Pretoria, mo Afrika Borwa, fa a ntse a tsweletse go dira mo diporojekeng tse di amanang le Botswana.<ref name=":0" /> == Mokgwa wa botaki == Boitshwarelo o dira thata ka thutabodumedi, a bua thata ka dilo tse di jaaka go akanya, go itse gore motho ke mang, maikutlo le go gola ga motho. Tiro ya gagwe gantsi e tsenyeletsa ditshupiso tsa setso sa Seaforika le dilo tsa go anela. O itsege ka go dirisa pente ya sekgatshi e e kopantsweng le dilo tse di sa tlwaelegang tse di akaretsang polasetiki, logong le dilo tsa tshipi, a dira dilo tse di nang le popego e e rileng le tse a di lekang.<ref name=":0" /> Nngwe ya ditiro tsa gagwe, This Age of Scattered Attention, e sekaseka ditlhogo tsa tlhabololo ya botho le kakanyo ya maikutlo.<ref name=":0" /> == Ditiro tse di tlhophilweng == * ''This Age of Scattered Attention'' (painting) * Murals include: Main Deck Mural, VISUAL EPIPHANY "Kgotla Mural", Fathers & Feathers Mural, PULA SPAR Mural, KO TAUNG Mural, BRUTAL FRUIT Mural, Limkokwing University tribute mural (2022), Kids Hospital Room Mural (Kalafhi), CORONA SUNSETS live mural, and others.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == qdeh2s8p6ydl2y7ta12e19knmgjp2vv Afentse Fenny Lekolwane 0 14704 53361 2026-07-27T13:49:55Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Afentse Fenny Lekolwane 53361 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Afentse Fenny Lekolwane''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome le borobabobedi le bongwe (1981) ke motlhami wa difilimi wa Motswana, mokwadi, le motsamaisi yo o ntseng a le matlhagatlhaga mo indasetering ya difilimi le sesupa ditshwantsho ya [[Botswana]] fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003).<ref>Reporter, Staff (2016-09-20). [https://mg.co.za/article/2016-09-20-media-afentse-fenny-lekolwane/ "Media ━ Afentse 'Fenny' Lekolwane".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. Retrieved 2026-01-13.</ref>Ke mongwe wa baithaopi ba pele mo intasetering ya difilimi ya naga, o dirile Flat 101, terama ya thelebišene ya dikarolo di le lesome le boraro e e neng ya tlhagisiwa mo Afrika Magic, e e neng e tshwaya tshimologo ya gagwe jaaka Motswana wa ntlha go tlhagisa terama ya thelebišene e e neng ya gasiwa mo M-Net e e neng ya gasiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004). O ne a thaya [[Botswood,]]<ref>[https://botswood.co.bw/distribution/ "Distribution – Botswood Movies".] Retrieved 2026-01-30.</ref>e leng khamphani ya go dira difilimi le monna wa gagwe, motshameki wa difilimi [[Lawrence Lekolwane]].<ref>Mokgwathi, Leungo (2023-04-11). [https://thevoicebw.com/trailblazers-of-the-small-screen/ "Trailblazers of the small screen » TheVoiceBW"]. ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 2026-01-13.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Kgatlhego ya ga Lekolwane mo go aneleng dipolelo e simolotse a sa le mmotlana mme a bopilwe ke dingwao tsa molomo tsa Seaforika. O ne a tlhotlhelediwa ke mmèmogoloagwe, yo ka metlha a neng a anela dipolelo a ntse a dikologile molelo, gantsi a kopanya go anela le go opela, go tshameka le go tshameka. Ka go ela tlhoko mekgwa e e ntseng jalo ya go anela, Lekolwane o ne a simolola go tlhaloganya ka bonako tsela e kgang e bopegileng ka yone, batho ba e buang ka bone le kafa bareetsi ba ka nnang le seabe ka teng mo go yone, mme seo se ne sa dira gore a nne le bokgoni jwa go akanya le go rata go anela. Go na le gore a thapisiwe ka nako eo, go ithuta ga gagwe go ne ga tla ka go lebelela le go tshela ka maitemogelo, a a neng a theilwe mo mekgweng ya Seaforika ya go anela dikgang. Moragonyana o ne a tlhopha go tsweletsa dithuto tsa gagwe tsa filimi mme a bona dikirii ya Bachelor of Arts mo Motion Picture Medium, a ithutetse go kwala le go tsamaisa, kwa AFDA ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021).<ref>Luv's Lounge (2023-08-05). ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zye32zbHx40 Lounge Convo-Afentse Fenny Lekolwane | Flat 101, Sponsorships, TV Industry, Production Company...]'' Retrieved 2026-01-13 &#x2013; via YouTube.</ref> Mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana, o simolotse go tsenela dikopano tse di tlhophilweng go tsweletsa botswerere jwa gagwe. == Tiro == Afentse Fenny Lekolwane o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya go dira difilimi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003) fa a ne a tshameka terama ya gagwe ya ntlha ya thelebišene e e bidiwang Flat 101, e e neng e le terama ya ntlha ya Botswana e e neng ya tlhagisiwa mo seraleng sa DSTV ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004). Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025) o ne a dira le MultiChoice koo a neng a dira Route 2.<ref>Reporter, Lifestyle (2025-11-13). [https://na.co.bw/dstv-premieres-three-local-films-showcasing-botswanas-cinematic-talent/ "DStv Premieres Three Local Films, Showcasing Botswana's Cinematic Talent - News&All"]. Retrieved 2026-01-13.</ref>filimi e e neng ya gasiwa mo [[Mzansi Magic]].<ref>Admin (2025-10-24). [https://www.thegazette.news/lifestyle/local-films-premiere-in-november/ "Local Films Premiere in November"]. ''Botswana Gazette''. Retrieved 2026-01-13.</ref> Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003) o setse a tlhagisitse go feta ditlhogo di le masome a mabedi tsa difilimi, mananeo a thelebišene, ditokomane le dimakasine, a thusa go tlhabolola intaseteri ya difilimi ya Botswana. Tiro ya gagwe e akaretsa Nazara, filimi ya gagwe ya go aloga, e e neng ya gapa Gold Award ya Best Film mme morago ya tlhophiwa go bontshiwa kwa European film festival ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023). O ne gape a direla jaaka mokwadi wa ditlhogo tsa Botshelo Jo, Botswana's longest-running television series, writing 156 episodes.<ref>[https://www.thegazette.news/entertainment/botshelo-jo-soapie-to-air-on-btv/ "Botshelo Jo Soapie to Air on Btv".] ''Botswana Gazette''. 2015-03-26. Retrieved 2026-01-</ref> Lekolwane ke leloko la [[Writers Guild of South Africa]] mme o tlhageletse mo dithulaganyong di le mmalwa tse di emetseng intaseteri ya dibaesekopo tsa Botswana. == Dikgele le go tlotlomadiwa == Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025_, Afentse Fenny Lekolwane e ne e le mongwe wa batlhami ba difilimi ba le barataro ba ba neng ba tlhagisa kgopolo ya gagwe ya filimi ya diphologolo tsa naga e e bidiwang Sacred Nuisance, kwa Moletlong wa Wildscreen kwa [[Maun]].<ref>Phiri, Bhekinkosi (2025-06-23). [https://www.ngamitimes.co.bw/wildscreen-festival-crowns-wild-pitch-winners/ "Wildscreen Festival Crowns Wild Pitch Winners - The Ngami Times"]. ''www.ngamitimes.co.bw''. Retrieved 2026-01-13.</ref>O ne a fenya sekgele sa Best Motswana Led Pitch, a amogela £3,000 le ngwaga wa go dira le tshegetso ya semolao go tswa go Botswana Ignite.<ref>[https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Lekolwane+pursues+wildlife+film.-a0845443787 "Lekolwane pursues wildlife film. - Free Online Library".] ''www.thefreelibrary.com''. Retrieved 2026-01-13.</ref> Fa a ntse a ithuta kwa AFDA, Lekolwane o ne a abelwa sekgele sa Gold Award for Best Film ka filimi ya gagwe ya moithuti ya [[puo ya Herero]] e e bidiwang Nazara kwa sekolong sa go aloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021). Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016), Lekolwane o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mongwe wa ba ba masome a matlhano ba ba tlisang diphetogo mo lefatsheng la Botswana mo setlhopheng sa media, e leng tlotlo e e neng e supa seabe sa gagwe mo mefameng ya boswa le ya difilimi mo nageng eo.<ref>GabzFM TV (2016-10-13). ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNE3jXFtd7w GabzFM 50 Change Makers Gala 2016]''. Retrieved 2026-01-13 &#x2013; via YouTube.</ref> == Difilimi == * FLAT 101 (2004) * Definitions TV Drama (2005) * Dolly and Friends kiddies show (2006) * Shaya ma get down show (2008) * Ya le nna Nigeria (2010) * Matsale Comedy (2010) * The Dancing Gods of the Kalahari Documentary (2012) * Botshelo Jo Season 1 (2012) * Mpho le Mphonyana (2014) * Lepodisi la Sephiri (2014) * Pelo e ja serati (2015) * Boi’s Helping hand Magazine show (2015) * Beauty Comedy (2006, 2016) * The President’s daughter film (2018) * Soul Ties (2019) * Un-Settled (2020) * The Genocide (2021) * Nazara (2021) * Within Our Boarders (2021) * Botshelo Jo season 2 (2021) * Botshelo Jo season 3 * Route 2 (2025) == Metswedi == 4kxpfl3wtaccdld13o3ax0f25yp9cai Phatlakano ya sefofane sa Game Ranch kwa Xumabee ka ngwaga wa 2021 0 14705 53362 2026-07-27T14:11:49Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Phatlakano ya sefofane sa Game Ranch kwa Xumabee ka ngwaga wa 2021 #Wikipedia25BW 53362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox aircraft occurrence|name=Phatlakano ya sefofane sa R44 kwa Xumabee ka 2021|image=Verraux's Air Robinson R44 ZS-SBM (16736157825).jpg|caption=ZS-SBM, sefofane se se amilwng ke tiragalo, se tserwe senepe ka 2015|Date=Mopitlo a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 2021|summary=E phatlakane morago ga go goga mogatla wa sefofane fa fatshe|Site=Xumabee, Botswana|Coordinates=23.4393°S 25.7516°E|aircraft_type=Robinson R44 II|Occupants=ba babedi|Passengers=a le mongwe|Crew=a le mongwe|Fatalities=a le mongwe|Injuries=a le mongwe|Survivors=a le mongwe}} Ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le motso, sefofane sa tlhoo tomo sa [[Robinson R44]] se ne sa phatlakana kwa ntle ga [[Xumabee]] gaufi le [[Sojwe]] mo [[Botswana]]. Go ne go na le batho ba le babbedi mo sefofaneng sa R44: mokgweetsi wa sone, Leonard Matenje, mookamedi wa ditirelo tsa maranyane a difofane,ramatlotlo wa lekgotla la batsomi ba ba tlhomamisitsweng le lekgotla la diphologolo tsa Botswana, o a neng a falola, le [[Sasa Klaas]], seopedi sa [[Motswana]], o a neng a tlhokafala fa a le mo tseleng go ya sepatela.<ref>Carter, Logan (8 March 2021). [https://www.sarichandfamous.com/2021/03/08/was-sasa-klaas-murdered/ "Was Sasa Klaas Murdered?".] ''South Africa Rich And Famous''. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref><ref>[https://www.botswanayouth.com/botswana-mourn-sasa-klass/ "Botswana Mourn Sasa Klass".] ''Botswana Youth Magazine''. 8 March 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> == Sefofane == Sefofane sa tlhoo tomo se se neng se le mo tiragalong e e ne e le sa Robinson R44 II se se kwadisitsweng ka ZS-SBM.<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/news/mmamongwato-dies-in-a-chopper-crash/news-112341 "The Monitor :: 'Mmamongwato' dies in a chopper crash".] ''The Monitor''. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref>Sefofane se pele se ne se kile sa nna mo kotsing e e potlana ka Phatwe a rogwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bolthano, e e neng ya baka go phutlhama ga leotwana le le mo molemeng. Se se bakileng kotsi eo e ne e le ka ntlha ya moithuti a isa sefofane kwa tlase ka maotwana a a senyegileng.<ref>[https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/249148 "Accident Robinson R-44 II ZS-SBM, 01 Aug 2015"]. ''aviation-safety.net''. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref><ref>[https://aviation-safety.net/reports/2015/20150801_R44_ZS-SBM.pdf "SACAA final report"] (PDF). South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). Retrieved 27 JULY 2026</ref> == Tshekatsheko == Lephata la dipalamo le ditlhaeletsanyo le dipalamo le ne la ntsha mokwalo o o supang gore lekgotla la ditshekatsheko tsa dikotsi mo lephateng leo le Civil Aviation Authority Botswana (CAAB) ba simolotse ditshekatsheko tsa kotsi. Go ya ka pego ya bofelo e e ntshitsweng ka Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le motso, ya lekgotla la dikotsi kwa lephateng, pego e ne e re: "Se se bakileng tiragalo e ke gore mogatla wa sefofane o ne wa thulana le lefatshe mo go bakileng go phatlhakana ga sefofane." DAI e ne ya supa tse di latelang di ka tswa di bakile kotsi: * Sefofane se ne se fofela kwa tlase, kwa seelong sa ditlhare go sa bonale sentle ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya lesedi (nako e ne e le oura morago ga phirimo ya letsatsi). Mokgweetsi ka tswa a ne a seka a bona sentle ka a ne a itshietse. * Mokgweetsi o ne a gorogile thari kwa masimong, se se okediwa ke gore o ne a rata go fofa bosigo a na le mongwe ka nako ya katiso kwa Hover Dynamics kwa a neng a thusiwa ke dipone tsa tsela le metswedi e mengwe ya lesedi. * Mokgweetsi o ne a dule thari maitseboa go tswa kwa maemelong, se se nnile le seabe mo go tlhokeng go itse go kgweetsa a le nosi bosigo go sena lesedi le le mo thusang.<ref>[https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/248592 Accident Robinson R44 II ZS-SBM, 05 March 2021"]. ''aviation-safety.net''. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref><ref>[https://www.gov.bw/sites/default/files/2022-06/ZS-SBM_Report_Scanned.pdf DAI final report"] (PDF). Government of Botswana/ Directorate of Accident Investigation (DAI). Retrieved 27 July2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Dikotsi tsa difofane tsa tlhoo tomo]] * [[Dintsho tsa difofane]] == Metswedi == tm6goe643v73qymjfi4ezfbz5m7ir39 Botswood 0 14706 53366 2026-07-27T14:24:43Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Botswood 53366 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Botswood''' <ref>[https://botswood.co.bw/distribution/ Distribution – Botswood Movies"]. Retrieved 2026-01-29.</ref>Studios ke komponi ya go dira difilimi le sesupa ditshwatsho e e leng kwa Botswana, e e tlhomilweng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) ke Lawrence Lekolwane <ref>[https://botswood.co.bw/profile-lawrence/ "Profile Lawrence – Botswood Movies"]. Retrieved 2026-01-29.</ref>le Afentse Fenny Lekolwane. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afentse_Fenny_Lekolwane&oldid=1335200588 "Afentse Fenny Lekolwane"], ''Wikipedia'', 2026-01-27, retrieved 2026-01-29</ref>Basimolodi ba dumetse gore letshwaokgwebo le le tlhotlheleditswe ke difilimi tsa Nollywood le mekgwa ya go bua dikgang.<ref>Reporter, Staff (2016-09-20). [https://mg.co.za/article/2016-09-20-media-afentse-fenny-lekolwane/ "Media- Afentse 'Fenny' Lekolwane".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. Retrieved 2026-01-30.</ref> Le fa Botswood e bidiwa komponi ya go dira difilimi, e ipona e le letshwao la go dira difilimi le sesupa ditshwatsho mo Botswana le kwa ntle ga yone.<ref>Madondo, Shingirai (2014-02-06). [https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/botswood-knocks-sense-into-heads/news "Botswood knocks sense into heads".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 2026-01-30.</ref> Mokgatlho ono o dira difilimi tse dikhutshwane, difilimi tsa metshameko, mananeo a sesupa ditshwatsho le metswedi ya tshedimosetso ya dijithale. Gape e neelana ka ditirelo tsa tlhagiso le ditlamelo go tshegetsa diporojeke tsa difilimi le tsa media mo kgaolong. <ref>Botswood (2023-04-19). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTQSoUiaCTI ''19 April 2023''.] Retrieved 2026-01-30 &#x2013; via YouTube.</ref>Botswood o dirile difilimi di le mmalwa tse di khutshwane le tsa metshameko jaaka Matsale,<ref>Botswood (2024-09-25). ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBi6pYQ7JNk MATSALE ON HD]''. Retrieved 2026-01-30 &#x2013; via YouTube.</ref> Ya le nna Nigeria le Beauty Comedy<ref>Gorata Ndebele (2013-06-06). ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIdTKM9RJnk Beauty Part 1]''. Retrieved 2026-01-30 &#x2013; via YouTube</ref> mme gape o nnile le seabe mo tlhagisong ya sesupa ditshwatsho a dira dikgaolo di le lekgolo le masome a matlhao le borataro tsa motseletsele wa sesupa ditshwatsho o o bidiwang Botshelo Jo,<ref>[https://www.thegazette.news/entertainment/botshelo-jo-soapie-to-air-on-btv/ "Botshelo Jo Soapie to Air on Btv"]. ''Botswana Gazette''. 2015-03-26. Retrieved 2026-01-30.</ref> o o tlhagisiwang mo Botswana Television. Tiro ya yone e nngwe e akaretsa go dira diporojeke tse di rulagantsweng le go dirisana mmogo le batlhami ba bangwe ba Aforika. Go bapa le ditiro tsa go dira difilimi, mokgatlho o tshwara ditlelase tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa go dira jaaka barutabana tse di diretsweng go itsise batsayakarolo ba babotlana ka go dira difilimi. == Metswedi == g1laclasohz6qq2t8xjkciv6mn5f4xj Jack Botlhoko 0 14707 53368 2026-07-27T14:36:51Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Jack Botlhoko 53368 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jack Bohloko''' ke motsayaditshwantshô le motsamaisi wa divideo tsa mmino wa Motswana. O itsege mo intasetering ka leina la go ipitsa '''Bra Nyoboka''' mme o tsamaisitse dibidio tsa mmino tsa bataki ba Botswana le Afrika Borwa.<ref name=":0">Sharon Mathala (13 October 2023). "[https://thevoicebw.com/videographer-jack-bohloko-one-of-the-top-in-the-country/ Videographer Jack Bohloko, one of the top in the country".] The Voice Botswana. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> == Botshelo le tiro == Bohloko o tlhalositse fa kgatlhego ya gagwe mo dikhamereng e ne e le ka ntlha ya go bo a ne a se na dinepe tsa gagwe fa a ntse a gola, e leng se se neng sa dira gore a batle go tsaya dinepe tsa ba bangwe. O ne a ikwadisetsa [[Limkokwing University of Creative Technology]] kwa Botswana mme a tsamaya pele a fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe go simolola kgwebo ya gagwe ya multimedia. O ne a fenya kgaisano ya mmino wa bidio kwa kgaisanong ya go keteka Letsatsi la Tautona gararo ka go latelana.<ref>[https://www.botswanayouth.com/jack-botlhoko-wins-third-consecutive-award/ "Jack Botlhoko wins third consecutive award".] Botswana Youth Magazine. 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> == Tiro == Bohloko o ne a aga tiro ya gagwe ka go dira dibidio tsa mmino tsa baopedi ba Botswana. Tiro ya pele e ne e akaretsa bidio ya Amantle Brown's Black Mampatile. O ne a tsamaisa dibidio di le mmalwa tsa Vee Mampeezy, go akaretsa le Dumalana, e e nang le batho ba ba fetang dimilione di le 8 ba e boneng mo YouTube.<ref name=":0" /> Kgato e e botlhokwa e ne ya tla fa motaki wa mo Afrika Borwa Master KG a ne a araba potfolio e Bohloko a neng a e rometse go baopedi ba ka nna masome a mararo ba mo Afrika Borwa. [[Master KG]] o ne a etela Botswana le Makhadzi, mme Bohloko o ne a tsamaisa tirisanommogo ya bone Tshinada, e e fetileng diponagalo di le dimilione di le lesome mo YouTube.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa diikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2020) o ne a fudugela kwa Johannesburg, mo Afrika Borwa, a bolela gore o fitlhile mo lefelong le le phuthologileng kwa Botswana mme o batla dikgwetlho tse dintšhwa. O ne a bolela fa go fuduga ga go reye gore o feditse ka diporojeke tsa Botswana mme a bua ka maikaelelo a gagwe a nako e telele a go dira le bataki ba setso ba Botswana. <ref>Mompati Tlhankane (19 March 2021). [https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/jack-bohloko-to-restart-career-in-sa/news "Jack Bohloko to restart career in SA".] Mmegi Online. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> == Go amogelwa == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024) Bohloko o ne a tlhophiwa mo African Entertainment Awards USA (AEAUSA), mokgatlho o o tlhomilweng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesomele botlhano (2015) mme o le kwa United States o o lemogang talente ya Afrika le Caribbean ya boditšhabatšhaba.<ref>Larona Makhaiza (14 October 2024). [https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/william-last-krm-botlhoko-get-aeausa-nominations/news "William Last KRM, Botlhoko get AEAUSA nominations".] Mmegi Online. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == 7ixsp2h3rcld0xneb1k6m6f6sge46jf Kitso Lynn Lelliott 0 14708 53373 2026-07-27T15:08:59Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Kitso Lynn Lelliott 53373 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kitso Lynn Lelliott''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1985) ke motlhami wa difilimi wa Botswana le motaki wa multimedia yo o nnang kwa [[Johannesburg]]. == Botshelo le thuto == '''Kitso Lynn Lelliott''' o tsholetswe kwa Botswana.<ref>Beti Ellerson (2018). [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/707699 "African Women of the Screen as Cultural Producers: An Overview by Country"]. ''Black Camera''. '''10''' (1): 245. doi:10.2979/blackcamera.10.1.17</ref>O ne a aloga ka dikirii ya bachelor's mo botaking ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006) le master's mo difiliming le thelebišene ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011) le PhD go tswa kwa [[University of the Witwatersrand's School of Arts]].<ref name=":0">[https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2014-Young-South-Africans.pdf "Mail & Guardian 200 Young South Africans 2013"] (PDF). ''Mail & Guardian''. July 25–31, 2014.</ref><ref>[https://parsejournal.com/authors/kitso-lynn-lelliott/ "PARSE"]. ''parsejournal.com''. Retrieved 2024-12-25.</ref> == Tiro == Tiro ya gagwe e akaretsa Alzire of Bayreuth (2015) kwa Neues Schloss Bayreuth le Sankɔfa Hauntings, Ghosts of a Futures Past (2015) kwa [[Cape Coast Castle]] kwa Ghana.<ref>Said, Kitsolynnlelliott (2016-06-28). [https://iubeezy.wordpress.com/2016/06/28/conversation-with-kitso/ "In Conversation with Kitso Lynn Lelliott". ''I'']''.U.B..''. Retrieved 2024-08-02</ref> Filimi ya gagwe The Tailored Suit (2011) e tlhotlheleditswe ke kanegelokopana ya [["The Suit"]] (1963) ya ga [[Can Themba]], fela filimi e tlhagisa maitemogelo a basadi ba bantsho jaaka karabo ya tiro ya ga Themba. <ref>Kitso Lynn Lelliott (2018). [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/694979 "The Tailored Suit: Re-Membering and Gendering Can Themba's "The Suit""]. ''Black Camera''. '''9''' (2): 256. doi:10.2979/blackcamera.9.2.17</ref>E ne ya bontshiwa kwa Tri-Continental Film Festival kwa Afrika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011). <ref name=":0" /> Tiro ya gagwe e ne ya tlhagisiwa kwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) [[Bamako Encounters African Biennale of Photography]], ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016) Kampala Art Biennial <ref>[https://contemporaryand.com/magazines/narratives-are-everything-for-me/ "Narratives are everything for me".] ''Contemporary And'' (in German). Retrieved 2024-08-02.</ref>le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018 [[LagosPhoto Festiva]]<nowiki/>l<ref>Staff Reporter (2018-10-19). [https://mg.co.za/article/2018-10-19-00-creating-harmony-and-melody-through-the-lens/ "Creating harmony and melody through the lens".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. Retrieved 2024-08-01.</ref> == Dikgele le ditlotla == Kitso Lynn Lelliott o ne a bidiwa mo lenaaneng la ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014) la [[Mail & Guardian 200 Young South Africans]]. Mosebetsi wa hae Abénaa / Alzire / Dandara / Tsholofelo (lebitso la mosebetsi) o hapile Kgau ya Iwalewa Art ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018) le BestVisual Art ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2019) dikgau tsa selemo le selemo tse tswang ho South African National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences.<ref>Jones, Ladi'Sasha (2017-11-27). [http://ayomag.com/black-female-artists-exhibitions-around-the-world/ "#SeeSomeArt: 10 International Exhibitions by Black Women You Need to See".] ''AYO Magazine''. Retrieved 2024-08-02.</ref> <ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/books/news/2019-03-18-humanities-and-social-sciences-hss-awards-2019-winners-announced/ "Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) Awards 2019 winners announced".] ''Sunday Times (South Africa)''. 18 March 2019.</ref>O ne a fiwa Sekgele sa Botaki sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024) sa Henrike Grohs ke [[Goethe-Institut]]. Ba ne ba mo akgolela "tsela e a neng a tlhalosa go tlhoka kutlo le go senya dilo ka yone... ba ba neng ba tlhatlhoba kgetsi eno ba ne ba sa e lebe e le phitlhelelo ya bofelo mme ba ne ba e leba e le tsela ya go nna seoposengwe - e le tshwantshiso ya motaki ka boene. Kitso e akaretsa go itlhamela dilo sesha go go sa feleng, go tila kgopolo ya tiro e e feditsweng go na le ya e e leng teng le e e nnang teng gape, e e supang loeto lo lo tswelelang le lo lo tlhabologang lwa botaki". == Metswedi == iinlo3njtk7bzcya7daia4r5c85yu8m Thabiso Maretlwaneng 0 14709 53374 2026-07-27T15:21:46Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Thabiso Maretlwaneng 53374 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thabiso Maretlwaneng''' ke motlhagisi wa thelebišene le wa difilimi wa Motswana.<ref name=":0">[https://mg.co.za/article/2016-09-20-media-thabiso-maretlwaneng Charmaine Revaka, Media – Thabiso Maretlwaneng,] 20 September 2016.</ref> O ne a amogela [[African Achievers Award]] ka gwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015). <ref name=":1">[http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=1375 Maretlwaneng wins Africa Achievers Award,] ''Weekend Post'', 5 August 2015.</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Botshelo == Thabiso Maretlwaneng e ne e le mmampodi wa karate, mme a bona borutegi jwa metshameko go ya go ithuta kwa Yunibesithing ya Thekenoloji ya [[Swinburne kwa Australia.]] Jaaka moithuti, o ne a dira filimi e telele ya tshedimosetso, Head Up, e e latelang mosepele wa batshabi ba bantsho ba kwa Australia ba leka go tsena mo indasetering ya hip hop ya naga eo. The soundtrack for Head Up won an award at the 2009 New York International Independent Film and Video Festival. [ Moletlo wa baesekopo o o ikemetseng wa New York International Independent Film and Video Festival ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009) o ne wa gapa sekgele.<ref>Mokagedi Gaotlhobogwe, [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=7&aid=15&dir=2009/April/Tuesday28/ Distribution deal ahead for Maretlwaneng film,] ''Mmegi Online'', 28 April 2009</ref> Khamphani ya Maretlwaneng ya Botswana ya Dee-Zone Productions e amogetse madi go tswa go puso ya Botswana. <ref name=":1" />E ne ya dira Ntwagolo, e leng terama e e nang le dikarolo di le masome a matlhano le bobedi e e buang ka ditlamorago tsa AIDS kwa Botswana. Pelokgale, e leng motseletsele o o simolotseng go gasiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), o ne o sekaseka tirisodikgoka e e ikaegileng ka bong. <ref>[http://www.sundaystandard.info/pelokgale-tv-drama-preview Pelokgale TV drama in preview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416030417/http://www.sundaystandard.info/pelokgale-tv-drama-preview|date=16 April 2019}}, ''Sunday Standard'', 4 May 2014.</ref>Lenaneo la boitlosobodutu, Pula Power, le lona le simolotse go gasiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014). <ref>[http://www.sundaystandard.info/reputable-dee-zone-productions-launches-entertainment-show Reputable See-Zone Productions launches Entertainment Show, ''Sunday Standard'',] 1 Deco 2014.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016 Dee-Zone Productions e ne ya sekisiwa ka ntlha ya rente e e sa duelwang.<ref>Mpho Mokwape, [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=60387&dir=2016/may/31 Maretlwaneng's film company sued], ''Mmegi Online'', 31 May 2016.</ref> == Difilimi == === Difilimi === * ''Head Up''. Documentary. === Mananeo a thelebishene === * ''Ntwagolo''. 52-episode drama. * ''Pelokgale'', 2014. 26-episode drama == Metswedi == nma0ykca0cc3pgipvxo2z7niujk6077 Ghanzi(Kgaolo ya Botlhophi) 0 14710 53376 2026-07-27T15:35:10Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE ya Ghanzi(Kgaolo ya Botlhophi) 53376 wikitext text/x-wiki Ghanzi ke kgaolo ya botlhophi mo [[Kgaolo ya Ghanzi|Kgaolong ya Ghanzi]] e e emetsweng mo [[Kuduthamageng ya Botswana.]] Setilo se se tlhamilwe morago ga 2022 Delimitation of Parliamentary constituencies mme e ne ya ganetswa la ntlha kwa ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone.<ref>[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf ''2022 Delimitation Commission Report'' (PDF]). 2022. p.&nbsp;107.</ref> Go tloga ka nako eo e ne ya emelwa ke [[Noah Salakae]] wa UDC. == Popego ya kgaolo ya Botlhophi == Kgaolo eno e tona go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng mme bontsi jwa batho ba yone ba nna kwa magaeng. E akaretsa mafelo a a latelang: * [[Ghanzi]] * [[D'Kar|D’kar]] * [[Kuke]] * [[New Xade]] * [[Chobokwane]] * [[Hanahai Botlhaba]] * [[Hanahai Bophirima]] * [[Central Kgalagadi Game Reserve]] * [[Qabo]] * [[Groote Laagte|Grootlaagte]] * [[Bere]] * [[Kacgae|Kacqae]] == Metswedi == 80o1jatb3vd4jwt5jrqo1gure8nm5xq Kgalagadi Borwa (Kgaolo ya Botlhophi) 0 14711 53379 2026-07-27T16:00:36Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE ya Kgalagadi Borwa(Kgaolo ya Botlhophi) 53379 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kgalagadi Borwa''' ke kgaolo ya botlhophi mo Kgaolong ya Kgalagadi e e emetswe mo [[Khuduthamageng ya Botswana]] ke [[Tokyo Modise]] wa [[Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC)]] go tloga ka ditlhopho tsa ka fa tlase ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano. == Popego ya Kgaolo ya Botlhophi == Kgalagadi Borwa ke kgaolo ya palamente e e nang le baagi ba le mmalwa kwa borwabophirima jwa Botswana, e e leng mo [[Kgaolo ya Kgalagadi|Kgaolong ya Kgalagadi]].Kgaolo eno e fitlhelwa thata mo sekakeng sa Kalahari se se omeletseng, se se nang le dipoa tse di omileng, dimela tse di sa tlhogeng thata le mafelo a a phatlaletseng a batho ba ba nnang mo go one. Lefelo la botsamaisi le motsana o mogolo mo lefelong le ke [[Tsabong]]. Kgaolo e e tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone ka go kgaoganya kgaolo ya Kgalagadi ka dikarolo tse pedi. Kgaolo ya selegae le e e atolositsweng e akaretsa mafelo a a latelang:<ref>[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 DELIMINATION COMISSION REPORT] (PDF).2022</ref> # [[Tsabong]] # [[Bray]] # [[Werda, Botswana|Werda]] # [[Makopong]] # [[Draaihoek]] # [[Khisa]] # [[Maralaleng|Maraleleng]] # [[Omaweneno]] # [[Bokspits]] # [[Struizendam]] # [[Kokotsha]] # [[Maubelo]] # [[Maleshe]] # [[McCarthy’Rust]] # [[Kolonkwane|Kolonkwaneng]] # [[Bogogobo]] # Dikgapetla tse di fa gare # [[Khuis]] # [[Gachibana|Gakhibana]] # Rapples Pan # [[Dipolasi Tsa Banyana]] # [[Khawa]] # [[Boshoek]] # [[Vaalhoek]] == Metswedi == 98ec8nu3s8d17g6q7s5kzsg294oyb6r Tlhabololo e e tswelelang 0 14712 53385 2026-07-27T16:32:11Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364785675|Sustainable development]]" 53385 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tlhabololo e e tswelelang''' ke mokgwa wa kgolo le tlhabololo ya batho o o ikaeletseng go fitlhelela tse di tlhokegang tsa mo bogompienong kwa ntle ga go tsenya bokgoni jwa dikokomane tsa kamoso mo kotsing ya go itirela go fitlhelela matlhoki a bone. <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |last=United Nations General Assembly |date=20 March 1987 |title=''Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future''; Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 – Development and International Co-operation: Environment; Our Common Future, Chapter 2: Towards Sustainable Development; Paragraph 1 |url=http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm |access-date=1 March 2010 |publisher=[[United Nations General Assembly]]}}</ref> Maikaelelo ke go nna le setšhaba se mo go sone maemo a botshelo le ditsompelo di fitlhelelang matlhoki a batho kwa ntle ga go senya polanete . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robert |first=Kates W. |last2=Parris |first2=Thomas M. |last3=Leiserowitz |first3=Anthony A. |date=2005 |title=What is Sustainable Development? Goals, Indicators, Values, and Practice |journal=Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=8–21 |bibcode=2005ESPSD..47c...8R |doi=10.1080/00139157.2005.10524444 |s2cid=154882898}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mensah |first=Justice |date=2019 |title=Sustainable development: Meaning, history, principles, pillars, and implications for human action: Literature review |journal=Cogent Social Sciences |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311886.2019.1653531 |doi-access=free |article-number=1653531}}</ref> Tlhabololo e e tswelelang e ikaelela go lekalekanya matlhoki a tsa itsholelo, tikologo, le setšhaba ( Triple Bottom Line ) . Phitlhelelo e e lekalekanang ya botsogo ke pilara ya go tswelela ga go tshela sentle ga batho. Pego ya Lekgotlana la Brundtland, e e gatisitsweng ka 1987, e thusitse go dira gore mogopolo wa tlhabololo e e tswelelang o itsiwe botoka. Tlhabololo e e tswelelang e kopana le mogopolo wa tsweletso o o leng mogopolo o o tlwaelesegileng thata . [[UNESCO]] e ne ya tlhama pharologano fa gare ga megopolo e mebedi e ka tsela e e latelang: " ''Tsweletso/Go itsetsepela'' gantsi go akanngwa jaaka maikaelelo a mo nakong e telele (ke gore lefatshe le le tswelelang pele thata), fa ''tlhabololo e e tswelelang pele'' e kaya dithulaganyo le ditsela tse dintsi tsa go e fitlhelela." <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |date=2015-08-03 |title=Sustainable Development |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-sustainable-development/what-is-esd/sd |access-date=20 January 2022 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> ''Thulaganyo ya Rio'' e e simolotseng kwa Bokopanong jwa Lefatshe jwa 1992 kwa [[Rio de Janeiro]] e beile mogopolo wa tlhabololo e e tswelelang mo lenaneong la boditšhabatšhaba. Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang ke mogopolo wa motheo wa Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang (di-SDG). Maikaelelo a a lefatshe ka bophara a ngwaga wa 2030 a ne a amogelwa ka 2015 ke [[United Nations General Assembly|Phuthego ya Kakaretso ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng]] (UNGA). A rarabolola dikgwetlho tsa lefatshe lotlhe, di akaretsa lehuma, [[Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi|phetogo ya seemo sa loapi]], go latlhegelwa ke mefutafuta ya ditshedi, le kagiso . Go na le mathata mangwe ka mogopolo wa tlhabololo e e tswelelang. Barutegi bangwe ba re ke lefoko la puo le le ikganetsang ka gore go ya ka bone, ''tlhabololo'' ka tlholego ga e kgone go tswelela. Batshwaedi ba bangwe ba swabisitswe ke go tlhoka kgatelopele e e fitlheletsweng go fitlha mo bogompienong.<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=James H. |date=2015 |title=The Oxymoron of Sustainable Development |journal=[[BioScience]] |volume=65 |issue=10 |pages=1027–1029 |doi=10.1093/biosci/biv117 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last=Williams |first=Colin C |last2=Millington |first2=Andrew C |date=2004 |title=The diverse and contested meanings of sustainable development |journal=[[The Geographical Journal]] |volume=170 |issue=2 |pages=99–104 |bibcode=2004GeogJ.170...99W |doi=10.1111/j.0016-7398.2004.00111.x |s2cid=143181802}}</ref> Barutegi ba boletse gore "tlhabololo e e tswelelang" ke kgang e bulegileng, ga e tlhaloganyesege, e bile ga e tshwaragane, ka jalo e ka tsewa motlhofo. Mo godimo ga moo, le fa go dirisiwa maranyane gantsi go rotloediwa jaaka sedirisiwa sa tlhabololo e e tswelelang, tshekatsheko ya bosheng ya barutegi e supile letlhakore le le dingalo thata, le le supang gore go ikaega ka maranyane thata go ka nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo go tsweleleng ga tikologo, le fa go na le tse di molemo mo tlhabololong ya itsholelo le ya setšhaba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Ajay Kumar |last2=Jyoti |first2=Bhim |date=2023 |title=Impact of Digitalization on Global Sustainable Development Across Countries |url=https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/GLCE/article/view/1482 |journal=Green and Low-Carbon Economy |doi=10.26599/GLCE.2023.9030000 |doi-broken-date=18 July 2026 |access-date=October 30, 2025}}</ref> Ka jalo, go botlhokwa gore go okediwe madi a dipatlisiso ka ga tsweletsopele gore go tlhaloganngwe botoka tlhabololo e e tswelelang le go araba go sa tlhaloganyesegeng ga yone le ditlhaelo tsa yone.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Filho |first=WL |last2=Wall |first2=T |last3=Salvia |first3=AL |last4=Dinis |first4=MAP |last5=Mifsud |first5=M |year=2023 |title=The central role of climate action in achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals |journal=Sci Rep |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=20582 |bibcode=2023NatSR..1320582F |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-47746-w |pmc=10667514 |pmid=37996539}}</ref> 5ys7czr6qnoepvekomeynik6n4ezx5v Kanye Borwa (Kgaolo ya Botlhophi) 0 14713 53386 2026-07-27T16:35:29Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE Kanye Borwa (Kgaolo ya Botlhophi) 53386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kanye Borwa''' e ne e le kgaolo mo [[Kgaolo ya Borwa|Kgaolong ya Borwa]] e e neng e emetswe mo [[Khuduthamageng ya Botswana.]] Morago ga go wediwa ga 2022 Delimitation of Parliamentary constituencies, setilo se ne sa fetolwa ka diphetogo tse dikgolo tsa melelwane mme sa emisediwa ke [[Kanye Bophirima|Kanye]] [[Kanye Bophirima|Bophirima]], e e neng e le teng mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone.<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 DELIMITATION COMMISSION REPORT]''(PDF). 2022. pp.&nbsp;92–93.</ref> == Popego ya Kgaolo == Setilo se e ne e le setilo se se kwa thoko sa [[Botswana National Front]],<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/abram-kesupile-falls/ "Abram Kesupile falls"]. ''Sunday Standard''. 10 August 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2024</ref>e e neng e se tshegetsa go tloga fa e tlhomiwa go fitlha [[Botswana Democratic Party]] e bona phenyo e tona. Se se tsamaelana le katlego e tona e BDP e e fitlheletseng kwa dikarolong tsa Borwa jwa Botswana ka nako ya [[Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe|ditlhopho tsa]] [[Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe|ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe]]. Kgaolo e e ne ya akaretsa metse e e latelang:[3] # Selokolela # Lefhoko # [[Sesung]] # Seherelela # Tsonyane # Betesankwe # [[Letlhakane|Lotlhakane]] # [[Kanye]] == Metswedi == bd9hspxd6jhk6eyqlq9w1qf92jnr88x DJ Fresh 0 14714 53387 2026-07-27T16:55:02Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya DJ Fresh 53387 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thato Sikwane''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi (1972),<ref>Kwach, Julie (19 June 2019). [https://briefly.co.za/32009-dj-fresh-biography-age-wife-songs-albums-salary-net-worth-latest-news.html "DJ Fresh biography: age, wife, songs, albums, salary, net worth and latest news".] ''briefly.co.za''.</ref>yo o itsegeng ka leina la gagwe la sethaleng DJ Fresh, ke motshameki wa diski wa [[Motswana]], motlhami le rakgwebo yo o nnang kwa Johannesburg, Afrika Borwa. O itsege thata ka tiro ya gagwe mo [[5FM]] le [[Metro FM]]. Sikwane o itsege ka go tsamaisa seteishene sa radio sa YFM kwa Johannesburg, Afrika Borwa. Ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990), o ne a golola motseletsele wa direkhoto tsa mmino wa ntlo ya Aforika Borwa, tse bontsi jwa tsona di neng di bidiwa Fresh House Flava. Go ne ga gatisiwa dibolumo tse di farologaneng tsa dikhopi tseo. == Botshelo le tiro == Sikwane o ne a simolola go kgatlhegela go nna DJ fa a ne a le kwa Botswana pele a fudugela kwa Afrika Borwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone (1994) go tsweletsa dithuto tsa gagwe mme a bona dipoloma ya Media Studies kwa Boston Media House kwa Johannesburg. Sikwane o ne a bona tshono ya go dira kwa YFM fa a ne a fetsa ngwaga wa gagwe wa boraro mme a fetsa dingwaga di le borobabobedi kwa seteišeneng pele a fudugela kwa go 5FM's popular "Drive Time" slot. E ne e le moanedi wa radio kwa 5FM ka dingwaga tse di fetang lesome pele a fudugela kwa Metro FM ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017), koo "Fresh Breakfast Show" e neng ya nna nngwe ya di-slots tse di rategang thata mo seteisheneng. Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), Metro FM e ne ya mo leleka morago ga gore moreetsi mongwe a ngongorege kwa [[BCCSA]] ka puo e e bogale e a neng a e dirisa ka nako ya kgaso ya thelebišene. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211203200907/https://zalebs.com/top-of-the/dj-fresh/dj-fresh-biography-wife-family-age-net-worth-salary?content "DJ Fresh Biography: Radio Award, Real Name, Age, Early Life, Wife, Family, Songs & Albums, Metro FM Controversy, Love Child, Net worth - Updated, 20 April 2020"]. ''ZAlebs''. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021.</ref>Fresh o ne a tsaya lenaneo la 947's Drive Time, le a neng a lelekwa mo go lone morago ga go latofadiwa ka go betelela.<ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2021-02-11-mzansi-reacts-to-primedia-letting-go-of-dj-fresh--dj-euphonik/ "Mzansi reacts to Primedia 'letting go' of DJ Fresh & DJ Euphonik".] Timeslive.co.za. Retrieved 22 April 2021.</ref> O ne gape a nna mo mananeong a thelebišene jaaka Idols SA, SA's Got Talent le Tropika Island of Treasure SA jaaka moatlhodi wa baeng. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022), Sikwane o ne a simolola letshwao la rekoto le motlhami/dj wa kwa Zimbabwe, Tich Ponde yo o bidiwang Shona SA e e tsepamisang maikutlo thata mo mminong wa Afro House, leina la letshwao la rekoto ke "Domboshaba Records". Sikwane le Ponde le bone ba ne ba kopana go nna "Domboshaba D uo" mme ba golola alebamo e e bidiwang The Beginning e e neng ya gololwa ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022) mme e na le bataki ba ba jaaka Rock ⁇ itMan, Nomvula SA le Audius go umaka ba se kae fela. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le mararo (2023), o ne a golola porojeke ya gagwe ya di-studio ya di-track di le lesome le boraro e e bidiwang Voices of Hope 2 Album e e neng e na le baopedi ba bangwe ba maemo a a kwa godimo jaaka Shona SA, Gouveia, TorQue MuziQ, Starr, Bongiwe Indlovukazi, Mazet SA, Sazi Cele le Thabiso Sikwane.<ref>Dlamini, Luther. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230416112123/https://slickxup.com/dj-fresh-sa-voices-of-hope-2-album/ "DJ Fresh SA Voices of Hope 2 Album"]. ''Slickxup''. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2002), Sikwane o ne a nyala [[Thabiso Sikwane]]. Ba ne ba nna le bana ba le bararo. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020), banyalani ba ne ba kgaogana mme ba simolola go tlhalana.<ref>Mbendeni, Alutho (7 February 2022). [https://www.news24.com/drum/Celebs/News/dj-fresh-and-wife-thabiso-sikwane-confirm-divorce-rumours-theres-no-drama-here-20220207 "DJ Fresh and wife Thabiso Sikwane confirm divorce rumours - 'There's no drama here'"]. ''News24''. Retrieved 7 February 2022</ref> Mosadi wa gagwe wa pele Thabiso Sikwane o tlhokafetse ka Matlhatso,ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e le masome a mararo le bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), a le dingwaga di le masome a matlhano.<ref>https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/dj-fresh-on-thabiso-sikwanes-death-it-doesnt-make-sense/</ref> == Difilimi == Thelebishene {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Setlhogo !tiro !dintlha tsa bothokwa |- |2011 |''Tropika Island of Treasure'' |host |season 3-5 |- |2011-2012 |Club Culture |co-host | |- |2014 |SA's Got Talent |judge |season 5-8 |} == Dipina tsa mmino == * ''Definition of House'' * ''Mzansi House'' * ''Fresh House Flava'' * ''DJ Ski VS Big Dawg'' * ''Voices of Hope'' * ''The Beginning'' * ''Voices of Hope 2''<ref>Dlamini, Luther. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230416112123/https://slickxup.com/dj-fresh-sa-voices-of-hope-2-album/ "DJ Fresh SA Voices of Hope 2 Album"]. ''Slickxup''. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.</ref> == Loeto lwa boditšhabatšhaba == Kwa ntle ga Aforika Borwa, DJ Fresh o kile a etela ditoropo tse di latelang lefatshe ka bophara: * [[Miami, United States]] * [[London, United KingdomMoscow, RussiaDubai, United Arab Emirates|London, United Kingdom]] * [[London, United KingdomMoscow, RussiaDubai, United Arab Emirates|Moscow, Russia]] * [[London, United KingdomMoscow, RussiaDubai, United Arab Emirates|Dubai, United Arab Emirates]] == Metswedi == iam1jmhexuafiq3lknxzw8aak9rze9k Banjo Mosele 0 14715 53388 2026-07-27T17:14:52Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Banjo Mosele 53388 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Banjo Timothy Mosele''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (1960) ke moopedi, seopedi le moqapi wa mmino wa katara yo o belegweng kwa [[Kanye]], [[Botswana]]. == Tiro == Banjo Mosele ke mongwe wa batlhami ba Kalahari Band e e neng e tshegetsa [[Hugh Masekela]], mme Mosele o ne a etela lefatshe ka bophara le setlhopha se ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabobongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980). O tshamekile katara mo dialebamo tse tharo tsa ga [[Hugh Masekela]], e leng [[Techno-Bush]], Waiting for the Rain, le Tomorrow. Mosele o ne gape a dira jaaka moopedi wa setlhopha le ba ba tshwanang le Jonas Gwangwa, [[Peter Gabriel]], [[Julian Bahula]], [[Bheki Mseleku]] le [[Barney Rachabane]] mo lefelong la mmino wa kwa London. Fa a ntse a ithuta mmino kwa [[Goldsmiths College]], Mosele o ne a tlhama le go etelela pele [[Bushmen Don't Surf]], setlhopha se se neng sa itirela leina kwa UK se se neng sa tshameka kwa meletlong e e jaaka [[WOMAD]] le Glastonbury, le go dikologa Yuropa. Mosele o ne a golola alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya solo, Badisa, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003) mme a latela katlego ya yone ka Movin ⁇  On ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005) le Nowa Days ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008). Dialbamo tsotlhe di ne tsa dira sentle kwa Botswana, Afrika Borwa, Engelane le kwa Norway. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), Botswana Music Awards e ne ya mo tlhopha<ref name=":0">[http://allafrica.com/stories/200910070575.html "Helen, Banjo Notch Three Nominations As Sebodu, Makanyane Miss Out".] ''Mmegi''. 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2012.</ref>mo ditlhopheng tsa "Pina ya Ngwaga", "Alebamo e e gaisang" le "DVD e e gaisang". O ne a fenya "Pina ya Ngwaga" ka "Ntsa E Jele Ntsanyana" (Dog eat dog). Mosele o ne a nna kwa Bergen, [[Norway]] ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980), koo a neng a nyala Siri Møll, kgaitsadie [[Erik Moll]]. Lenyalo la bone le ne la thubega. Morwa wa bone wa rapper Kamelen, o ne a golola alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya solo Ambivalent (Kamelen) ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017).<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://www.bt.no/kultur/i/oom5K/--Jeg-gruer-meg-litt-til-a-slippe-ut "- Jeg gruer meg litt til å slippe ut".] ''Bergens Tidende'' (in Norwegian). Retrieved 28 November 2017.</ref>Mosele o ntse a nna kwa Oslo, Norway go tloga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990), mme ga jaana o nna kwa Botswana == Dipina tsa mmino == === Dialbamo tsa gagwe a le nosi === * 2003: ''Badisa'' * 2005: ''Movin' On'' * 2008: ''Nowa Days'' ; With Bushmen Don't Surf ;* 1989: ''Alive'' (Moles Records) === Collaborations === ; With Hugh Masekela * 1984: ''Techno-Bush'' (Jive Afrika) * 1985: ''Waiting for the Rain'' (Jive Afrika) * 1987: ''Tomorrow'' (Warner Bros.) ; With Barney Rachabane * 1984: ''Blow Barney Blow'' (Jive Afrika) ; With Sampeace Brown & His Hit Company * 1996: ''Ice Cube Loving'' Single (T-Kay)<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/artist/320026-Banjo-Mosele?noanv=1 Banjo Mosele"]. Discogs.com. Retrieved 28 November 2017.</ref> == Metswedi == b1zrhrsb97vds0tefrzf5j22rffdwkn Ayesha Quraishi 0 14716 53389 2026-07-27T17:46:56Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Ayesha Quraishi 53389 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayesha Quraishi''' (o itsege gape jaaka Ayesha, o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le motso (1981) ke moanelwamogolo, moopedi le rapper wa kwa Sweden yo o tsholetswe kwa Botswana. Gape o na le khamphani ya rekoto ya Aqueen Entertainment.<ref name=":0">Åkesson, Johan (2 June 2004). "[https://www.dn.se/kultur-noje/ayesha-vill-forandra-varlden/ Ayesha vill förändra världen"] (in Swedish). Dagens Nyheter. Retrieved 21 November 2010</ref> O tsholetswe kwa Botswana ke rre waletso la se india yo e seng moagi le mmagwe wa Motswana, mme a golela kwa [[Hässelby]], Stockholm. Quraishi o ntshitse alebamo e e bidiwang [[Jade Fever]]<ref name=":0" />mme a nna le seabe mo [[Melodifestivalen 2005]]. Ka selemo sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006) o ne a tsamaisa karolo ya [[Sommar,]] nngwe ya mananeo a radio a a tumileng thata kwa Sweden, mme ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007) o ne a tsamaisa lenaneo la mmino Sommartoppen le [[Mogge Sseruwagi.]] == Botshelo le thuto == Quraishi o tsholetswe kwa Botswana, ke rre wa Moindia yo e neng e le moenjenere le mmagwe yo e neng e le rakgwebo go tswa Botswana. Rraagwe o ne a berekela mekgatlho ya thuso ya kwa Sweden le ya kwa Nordic jaaka Sida le Danida. Se se ne sa dira gore lelapa la gaabo le nne kwa Botswana, Tanzania, Zimbabwe le Sweden koo lelapa la gaabo le neng le nna teng fa a ntse a gola mme o ne a le kwa Stockholm go dira A levels mo Science le go tswelela ka tiro ya gagwe morago ga go aloga.<ref>Dahlberg, Malin (15 January 2005). [https://unt.se/nyheter/ayesha-en-akta-schlagerprinsessa-654681.aspx "Ayesha – en äkta schlagerprinsessa"] &#x5B;Ayesha – a true pop princess&#x5D;. ''Upsala Nya Tidning'' (in Swedish). Retrieved 28 March 2022.</ref> == Tiro == Quraishi o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya seporofešenale mo go tsa Botaki jaaka karolo ya setlhopha sa Botaki sa "The Dragonz" mme a dira tirisanommogo ya mmino le The Royal Music College, koo a neng a kwala le go tshameka karolo ya "W.P.O" le setlhopha sa mmino sa batho ba le lekgolo le masome a mane kwa Stockholm Arts and Science festival 2002. O ne a dira diteko le diopedi tsa meropa tsa Oheema le diopedi tse dingwe tsa selegae mo nakong eno yotlhe.<ref>[https://www.svd.se/a/1e80e130-b90d-3452-a28e-19eeb3e02853/ayesha-vill-ha-full-kontroll "Ayesha vill ha full kontroll"] &#x5B;Ayesha wants full control&#x5D;. ''Svenska Dagbladet'' (in Swedish). 13 September 2005. ISSN&#x20;1101-2412. Retrieved 28 March 2022.</ref> O ne a dira kwa Royal College of Art kwa Stockholm mme a simolola go dirisana mmogo le motlhami Datafork. Ba ne ba tswelela go dira alebamo ya ntlha ya rap ya Quraishi "Jade Fever" e ba e golotseng ba ikemetse ka nosi mo labeleng ya K-Werks ka tirisanommogo le Aqueen Enterprisez, e leng labelo ya gagwe e a e tlhomileng ka 2001. Alebamo eno e ne ya amogelwa ke babegadikgang mme e ne ya tlhophiwa go amogela dikgele di le mmalwa tsa bosetšhaba.<ref>[https://www.dn.se/sthlm/kvinnor-i-centrum/ "Kvinnor i centrum".] ''Dagens Nyheter'' (in Swedish). 4 May 2007. Retrieved 28 March 2022.</ref> Aqueen Ent. e ne ya gola go nna setlhopha sa baopedi ba ba akaretsang moopedi le mokwadi wa dipina Sona Jarjusey, baopedi ba Reggaeton Lady V le Linda Pira ba ba neng ba gololwa jaaka duo. Mme gape le moopedi wa R&B e bong Bes. Setlhopha se se ne sa dira setlhopha sa batho ba babedi Kwaanza se Sona le Ayesha ba neng ba kwala le go tshameka mmogo mo kgaisanong ya pina ya Eurovision. E ne e le mongwe wa batho ba le batlhano ba ba neng ba tshameka mo difiliming mme o ne a tlhagisa le go tshameka mmino wa filimi ya ga Mia Engberg ya "165 Hässelby".<ref>Engberg, Mia (4 March 2005), ''[[imdbtitle:7323204|165 Hässelby]]'' (Documentary, Drama), Medieoperatørene, Norsk Rikskringkasting (NRK), Story AB, Stockholm, retrieved 29 March 2022</ref> Quraishi o simolotse go tlhabolola porojeke ya Q e ka nako eo e neng e le lefelo la go ikgolaganya le batho mo inthaneteng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005). Porojeke eno e ne ya mo tsenya mo lefatsheng la go simolola kgwebo mme ga a ka a kgona go bona madi. Kgopolo e e ne e na le motheo wa filosofi, tsamaiso ya thutabodumedi e e neng ya dira gore a simolole tiro ya gagwe jaaka sebui sa setšhaba le sebui sa thotloetso se se neng sa mo tlisetsa pako, Sebui se se gaisang sa thotloetso le ditlotlomatso tse dingwe go tswa mo kgwebong le dikgatisong tse di tlwaelegileng. Bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa tlhaeletsano bo mo dirile gore a dire mo mananeong a le mmalwa a thelebišene a bosetšhaba, go akaretsa le dikgang tsa mo mosong tsa Sweden mo lephateng la setso, go nna karolo ya "Morago ga 10" ya Malou mo Tv4, le go nna leloko la setlhopha sa Studio pop e leng lenaneo la setso mo thelebišeneng ya setšhaba ya Sweden. Quraishi o ne a etelela pele mananeo a radio ya bosetšhaba ya Sweden<ref name=":1">[https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/1436664 "Sommartoppen i din mobil".] ''Sveriges Radio'' (in Swedish). 20 June 2007. Retrieved 28 March 2022.</ref>mme e ne e le sebui sa selemo mo thulaganyong e e tumileng ya radio ya Sweden "Sommar i P1" 2006.<ref name=":1" />O ne a gatisa ditlhogo di le mmalwa tsa ditlhogo mo dikgatisong go tswa mo dimakasineng tsa sepolotiki go ya kwa makwalodikgannyeng a a tlwaelegileng mme e ne e le karolo ya dipanele di le mmalwa tsa go bona mekgwa ya isagwe ya Sweden e e lekanang le Financial times Daganes Industri le maiteko a puso.<ref>WolodarskiText, Karin Grundberg (9 October 2007). [https://www.di.se/artiklar/2007/10/9/de-mest-inflytelserika-under-40/ "De mest inflytelserika under 40".] ''Dagens industri'' (in Swedish). Retrieved 29 March 2022</ref> Quraishi o ne a tswelela go golola alebamo ya gagwe ya bobedi ya studio The Lobby e e neng ya amogelwa ke babegadikgang. <ref>''[https://kritiker.se/skivor/ayesha/the-lobby/ Ayesha: The Lobby (2007)]'' (in Swedish), retrieved 29 March 2022</ref>O ne a ithutela go dira le go dira difilimi kwa Los Angeles kwa a neng a nna motlhami-mmogo wa filimi e khutshwane e e gapileng dikgele e e bidiwang "Four of a Qind". <ref>Campanile, Angelo, [[imdbtitle:1733440|''Four of a Qind'' (]]Short, Comedy, Western), retrieved 29 March 2022</ref> O ne a dira jaaka motsamaisi wa botaki wa theatre ya Stockholm ya [[The House of Culture.]] <ref>[https://www.dn.se/kultur-noje/2017-blir-hiphoppens-ar-pa-kulturhuset/ "2017 blir hiphoppens år på Kulturhuset".] ''Dagens Nyheter'' (in Swedish). 13 September 2016. ISSN&#x20;1101-2447. Retrieved 28 March 2022.</ref>Fa a le koo o ne a etelela pele diporojeke tse di jaaka monologue wa mmino wa ga Mapei "Råttkungen" o o neng wa amogelwa ke babadi le go tsamaisa terama ya "Svaret" e e neng ya rekisiwa ka botlalo pele ga kgakologelo mme ya akgolelwa go tshwantsha bosweu jwa basadi. Motshameko o ne wa tswelela go fenya sekgele sa ngwaga sa sepolotiki kwa Sweden "Scenkonstgalan" le "Motshameko wa ngwaga" go tswa go kgatiso ya boitlosobodutu Nöjesguiden.<ref>Nordlander, Jenny (30 November 2017). "[https://ng.se/artiklar/vinnarna-av-stockholmspriset-2017 Vinnarna av Stockholmspriset 2017"] &#x5B;The winners of the Stockholm Prize 2017&#x5D;. ''Nöjesguiden'' (in Swedish). Retrieved 29 March 2022.</ref> O mo lekgotleng la Skap, mokgatlho wa maloko a baopedi ba mmino kwa Sweden, mme o na le seabe mo dikomiting tsa dithuso le go gakolola ka ga pharologano le go akaretsa.<ref>[https://www.skap.se/2020/05/11/ayesha-ar-ny-i-skaps-styrelse-det-har-ar-en-tid-att-organisera-sig/ "Ayesha är ny i Skaps styrelse: "Det här är en tid att organisera sig" – Skap"] (in Swedish). Retrieved 29 March 2022.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), o ne a le mongwe wa bataki ba le 1,005 ba ba neng ba saena lekwalo le le neng le kopa gore Iseraele e se ka ya tsenngwa mo Eurovision ka ntlha ya mathata a botho a a tsweletseng kwa Gaza.<ref>[https://www.aftonbladet.se/debatt/a/8JggVr/1005-artister-uteslut-israel-fran-eurovision "1 005 artister: Uteslut Israel från Eurovision"] &#x5B;1,005 artists: Exclude Israel from Eurovision&#x5D;. ''Aftonbladet'' (in Swedish). 29 January 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2025.</ref> == Metswedi == dn775b1azovbm34hqwtfqrckuskv7rh Tumalano ya Paris 0 14717 53390 2026-07-27T17:54:40Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363166168|Paris Agreement]]" 53390 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tumalano ya Paris''' ( e gape e bidiwang '''Ditumalano tsa Paris''' kgotsa '''Ditumalano tsa Seemo sa Loapi tsa Paris''' ) ke tumalano ya boditšhabatšhaba ka ga [[Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi|phetogo ya seemo sa loapi]] e e neng ya bewa monwana ka 2016 . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> Tumalano e e akaretsa phokotso ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, [[Go lepalepana le seemo sa phetogo ya loapi|tlwaelo]], le tsa madi . Tumalano ya Paris e ne ya buisanwa ke makoko a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le borataro kwa Phuthegong ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ya 2015 gaufi le Paris, kwa Fora . Go ema ka Firikgong 2026, maloko a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone a Tumalano ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (UNFCCC) ke makoko a tumalano e. Mo mafatsheng a le mararo a e leng maloko a UNFCCC a a iseng a amogele tumalano e, ke Iran fela e e ntshang digase tse dintsi . United States, e leng lefatshe la bobedi le le ntshang digase tse dintsi, le ne la ikgogela morago mo tumalanong e ka 2020, <ref name="UScom">{{Cite web |date=8 August 2017 |title=Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification) |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815062938/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2017 |access-date=14 August 2017 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> la tsena gape ka 2021, <ref name=":20">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2021 |title=US makes official return to Paris climate pact |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/19/us-official-return-paris-climate-pact |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219091824/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/19/us-official-return-paris-climate-pact |archive-date=19 February 2021 |access-date=19 February 2021 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |via=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> mme la ikgogela morago gape ka 2026 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Calma |first=Justine |date=20 January 2025 |title=Donald Trump pulls US out of Paris climate agreement |url=https://www.theverge.com/2025/1/20/24345964/donald-trump-paris-climate-agreement-exit |access-date=20 January 2025 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> Tumalano ya Paris e na le maikaelelo ka selekanyo sa mogote, e le a go baya palo ya tlhatlogo ya mogote wa boalogodimo jwa lefatshe kwa tlase thata ga {{Convert|2|C-change}} kwa godimo ga maemo a pele ga madirelo . Tumalano e gape e bolela gore go ka nna botoka gore selekanyo sa koketsego se nne {{Convert|1.5|C-change}} fela. Ditekanyetso tse di tlhalosiwa jaaka palogare ya mogote wa lefatshe jaaka di lekantswe mo dingwageng di le dintsi. <ref name=":21">{{Cite news|last1=Zhong|first1=Raymond|last2=Plumer|first2=Brad|last3=Rojanasakul|first3=Mira|date=10 January 2025|title=2024's Record-Breaking Heat Brought the World to a Dangerous Threshold. Now What?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/01/09/climate/2024-heat-record-climate-goal.html|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Fa selekanyo sa koketsego ya mogote se ya kwa tlase, go ka solofelwa ditlamorago tse dinnye tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi . Go fitlhelela maikaelelo a a selekanyo sa mogote, digase tse di ntshiwang mo digreenhouse di tshwanetse go fokodiwa ka bonako jo bo kgonegang, le ka bontsi jo bo kgonegang. Di tshwanetse go tlhoka go ntshiwa gotlhelele mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bomasome a mabedi le bongwe la dingwaga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNFCCC |title=The Paris Agreement |url=https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319205057/https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement |archive-date=19 March 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021 |website=unfccc.int}}</ref> Go nna kwa tlase ga 1.5{{Nbsp}}°C ya thuthafalo ya lefatshe, mesi e tshwanetse go fokodiwa ka mo e ka nnang sephatlo mo lekgolong (50%) ka 2030. Palo e e tsaya tsia ditsholofetso tse di kwadilweng tsa lefatshe lengwe le lengwe . <ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Schleussner |first=Carl-Friedrich |title=The Paris Agreement – the 1.5 °C Temperature Goal |url=https://climateanalytics.org/briefings/15c/ |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=Climate Analytics |language=en}}</ref> Fa Tumalano ya Paris e sena go bewa monwana, mesi ya lefatshe lotlhe e ne ya tswelela e tlhatloga go na le go wela tlase. <ref name=":21">{{Cite news|last1=Zhong|first1=Raymond|last2=Plumer|first2=Brad|last3=Rojanasakul|first3=Mira|date=10 January 2025|title=2024's Record-Breaking Heat Brought the World to a Dangerous Threshold. Now What?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/01/09/climate/2024-heat-record-climate-goal.html|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> 2024 e ne e le ngwaga o o mogote go gaisa, ka tlhatlogo e e fetang 1.5.&nbsp;°C mo palogareng ya mogoteng wa lefatshe. <ref name=":21" /> Tumalano e e ikaelela go thusa mafatshe go itlwaetsa go tshela le ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, le go kokoanya madi a a lekaneng. Mo tumalanong e, lefatshe lengwe le lengwe le tshwanetse go tlhomamisa, go rulaganya le go bega ka gangwe le gape ka seabe sa lone. Ga go na mokgwa ope o o pateletsang lefatshe go tlhoma dipalo tse di rileng tsa mesi e e le ntshang, mme fela palo ya lefatshe lengwe le lengwe e tshwanetse go feta dipalo tse di beilweng tsa nako e e fetileng . Ga di farologangwa le Tsamaiso ya Kyoto ya 1997, pharologano fa gare ga mafatshe a a tlhabologileng le a a santseng a tlhabologa ga e bonale sentle, mo e leng gore mafatshe a a santseng a tlhabologa le one a tshwanetse go romela maano a one a go fokotsa mesi. Tumalano ya Paris e ne ya bulelwa go bewa monwana ka Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2016 ( Letsatsi la Lefatshe ) kwa moletlong o o neng o tshwaretswe kwa ntlokgolong ya UN kwa New York City . Morago ga gore Bokopano jwa Yuropa bo amogele tumalano e, palo ya mafatshe e e lekaneng e ne e amogetse tumalano e e nang le maikarabelo a digase tse di lekaneng tsa lefatshe tsa gore tumalano e tsene tirisong ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2016. Baeteledipele ba mafatshe ba akgotse tumalano e. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=12 December 2015 |title=Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change – 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius |url=http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117141004/http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/ |archive-date=17 January 2016 |access-date=14 December 2015 |website=UN Climate Change Newsroom |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le kganetsano ka go bereka ga yone, fa baitseanape bangwe ba tikologo le basekaseki ba e kgala gore ga ya gagamala thata. Le fa ditsholofetso tse di ka fa tlase ga Tumalano ya Paris di sa lekana go fitlhelela maikaelelo a selekanyo sa mogote a a beilweng, go na le mokgwa wa go batla go oketsa keletso go fitlhelela se. Tumalano ya Paris e dirisitswe ka katlego mo dikgetsing tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo2010, mme se se pateletsa mafatshe le dikompone tsa lookwane go gagamatsa dikgato tsa go inaakanya le seemo sa loapi . <ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Corder |first=Mike |date=20 December 2019 |title=Activists cheer victory in landmark Dutch climate case |url=https://apnews.com/article/europe-the-hague-courts-supreme-courts-international-news-5534fe18ac5352ba43c74c9a64d6a20a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190944/https://apnews.com/article/europe-the-hague-courts-supreme-courts-international-news-5534fe18ac5352ba43c74c9a64d6a20a |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=2 July 2021 |website=AP news |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":19">{{Cite web |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=26 May 2021 |title=Court orders Royal Dutch Shell to cut carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/26/court-orders-royal-dutch-shell-to-cut-carbon-emissions-by-45-by-2030 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526142843/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/26/court-orders-royal-dutch-shell-to-cut-carbon-emissions-by-45-by-2030 |archive-date=26 May 2021 |access-date=26 May 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> hr7bkta1tggb7cx4oi3bl57lvxmbzov 53395 53390 2026-07-27T18:46:57Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "Aims" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363166168|Paris Agreement]]" 53395 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tumalano ya Paris''' ( e gape e bidiwang '''Ditumalano tsa Paris''' kgotsa '''Ditumalano tsa Seemo sa Loapi tsa Paris''' ) ke tumalano ya boditšhabatšhaba ka ga [[Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi|phetogo ya seemo sa loapi]] e e neng ya bewa monwana ka 2016 . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> Tumalano e e akaretsa phokotso ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, [[Go lepalepana le seemo sa phetogo ya loapi|tlwaelo]], le tsa madi . Tumalano ya Paris e ne ya buisanwa ke makoko a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le borataro kwa Phuthegong ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ya 2015 gaufi le Paris, kwa Fora . Go ema ka Firikgong 2026, maloko a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone a Tumalano ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (UNFCCC) ke makoko a tumalano e. Mo mafatsheng a le mararo a e leng maloko a UNFCCC a a iseng a amogele tumalano e, ke Iran fela e e ntshang digase tse dintsi . United States, e leng lefatshe la bobedi le le ntshang digase tse dintsi, le ne la ikgogela morago mo tumalanong e ka 2020, <ref name="UScom">{{Cite web |date=8 August 2017 |title=Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification) |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815062938/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2017 |access-date=14 August 2017 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> la tsena gape ka 2021, <ref name=":20">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2021 |title=US makes official return to Paris climate pact |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/19/us-official-return-paris-climate-pact |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219091824/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/19/us-official-return-paris-climate-pact |archive-date=19 February 2021 |access-date=19 February 2021 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |via=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> mme la ikgogela morago gape ka 2026 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Calma |first=Justine |date=20 January 2025 |title=Donald Trump pulls US out of Paris climate agreement |url=https://www.theverge.com/2025/1/20/24345964/donald-trump-paris-climate-agreement-exit |access-date=20 January 2025 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> Tumalano ya Paris e na le maikaelelo ka selekanyo sa mogote, e le a go baya palo ya tlhatlogo ya mogote wa boalogodimo jwa lefatshe kwa tlase thata ga {{Convert|2|C-change}} kwa godimo ga maemo a pele ga madirelo . Tumalano e gape e bolela gore go ka nna botoka gore selekanyo sa koketsego se nne {{Convert|1.5|C-change}} fela. Ditekanyetso tse di tlhalosiwa jaaka palogare ya mogote wa lefatshe jaaka di lekantswe mo dingwageng di le dintsi. <ref name=":21">{{Cite news|last1=Zhong|first1=Raymond|last2=Plumer|first2=Brad|last3=Rojanasakul|first3=Mira|date=10 January 2025|title=2024's Record-Breaking Heat Brought the World to a Dangerous Threshold. Now What?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/01/09/climate/2024-heat-record-climate-goal.html|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Fa selekanyo sa koketsego ya mogote se ya kwa tlase, go ka solofelwa ditlamorago tse dinnye tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi . Go fitlhelela maikaelelo a a selekanyo sa mogote, digase tse di ntshiwang mo digreenhouse di tshwanetse go fokodiwa ka bonako jo bo kgonegang, le ka bontsi jo bo kgonegang. Di tshwanetse go tlhoka go ntshiwa gotlhelele mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bomasome a mabedi le bongwe la dingwaga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNFCCC |title=The Paris Agreement |url=https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319205057/https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement |archive-date=19 March 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021 |website=unfccc.int}}</ref> Go nna kwa tlase ga 1.5{{Nbsp}}°C ya thuthafalo ya lefatshe, mesi e tshwanetse go fokodiwa ka mo e ka nnang sephatlo mo lekgolong (50%) ka 2030. Palo e e tsaya tsia ditsholofetso tse di kwadilweng tsa lefatshe lengwe le lengwe . <ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Schleussner |first=Carl-Friedrich |title=The Paris Agreement – the 1.5 °C Temperature Goal |url=https://climateanalytics.org/briefings/15c/ |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=Climate Analytics |language=en}}</ref> Fa Tumalano ya Paris e sena go bewa monwana, mesi ya lefatshe lotlhe e ne ya tswelela e tlhatloga go na le go wela tlase. <ref name=":21">{{Cite news|last1=Zhong|first1=Raymond|last2=Plumer|first2=Brad|last3=Rojanasakul|first3=Mira|date=10 January 2025|title=2024's Record-Breaking Heat Brought the World to a Dangerous Threshold. Now What?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/01/09/climate/2024-heat-record-climate-goal.html|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> 2024 e ne e le ngwaga o o mogote go gaisa, ka tlhatlogo e e fetang 1.5.&nbsp;°C mo palogareng ya mogoteng wa lefatshe. <ref name=":21" /> Tumalano e e ikaelela go thusa mafatshe go itlwaetsa go tshela le ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, le go kokoanya madi a a lekaneng. Mo tumalanong e, lefatshe lengwe le lengwe le tshwanetse go tlhomamisa, go rulaganya le go bega ka gangwe le gape ka seabe sa lone. Ga go na mokgwa ope o o pateletsang lefatshe go tlhoma dipalo tse di rileng tsa mesi e e le ntshang, mme fela palo ya lefatshe lengwe le lengwe e tshwanetse go feta dipalo tse di beilweng tsa nako e e fetileng . Ga di farologangwa le Tsamaiso ya Kyoto ya 1997, pharologano fa gare ga mafatshe a a tlhabologileng le a a santseng a tlhabologa ga e bonale sentle, mo e leng gore mafatshe a a santseng a tlhabologa le one a tshwanetse go romela maano a one a go fokotsa mesi. Tumalano ya Paris e ne ya bulelwa go bewa monwana ka Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2016 ( Letsatsi la Lefatshe ) kwa moletlong o o neng o tshwaretswe kwa ntlokgolong ya UN kwa New York City . Morago ga gore Bokopano jwa Yuropa bo amogele tumalano e, palo ya mafatshe e e lekaneng e ne e amogetse tumalano e e nang le maikarabelo a digase tse di lekaneng tsa lefatshe tsa gore tumalano e tsene tirisong ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2016. Baeteledipele ba mafatshe ba akgotse tumalano e. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=12 December 2015 |title=Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change – 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius |url=http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117141004/http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/ |archive-date=17 January 2016 |access-date=14 December 2015 |website=UN Climate Change Newsroom |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le kganetsano ka go bereka ga yone, fa baitseanape bangwe ba tikologo le basekaseki ba e kgala gore ga ya gagamala thata. Le fa ditsholofetso tse di ka fa tlase ga Tumalano ya Paris di sa lekana go fitlhelela maikaelelo a selekanyo sa mogote a a beilweng, go na le mokgwa wa go batla go oketsa keletso go fitlhelela se. Tumalano ya Paris e dirisitswe ka katlego mo dikgetsing tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo2010, mme se se pateletsa mafatshe le dikompone tsa lookwane go gagamatsa dikgato tsa go inaakanya le seemo sa loapi . <ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Corder |first=Mike |date=20 December 2019 |title=Activists cheer victory in landmark Dutch climate case |url=https://apnews.com/article/europe-the-hague-courts-supreme-courts-international-news-5534fe18ac5352ba43c74c9a64d6a20a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190944/https://apnews.com/article/europe-the-hague-courts-supreme-courts-international-news-5534fe18ac5352ba43c74c9a64d6a20a |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=2 July 2021 |website=AP news |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":19">{{Cite web |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=26 May 2021 |title=Court orders Royal Dutch Shell to cut carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/26/court-orders-royal-dutch-shell-to-cut-carbon-emissions-by-45-by-2030 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526142843/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/26/court-orders-royal-dutch-shell-to-cut-carbon-emissions-by-45-by-2030 |archive-date=26 May 2021 |access-date=26 May 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Maikaelelo == Maikaelelo a tumalano e, jaaka go tlhalositswe mo Lekwalong la bobedi, ke go nna le tsibogo e e maatla mo kotsing ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi; e batla go tokafatsa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga Tumalano ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ka go: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> Mafatshe gape a ikaelela go fitlhelela "setlhoa sa lefatshe lotlhe sa mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse ka bofefo jo bo kgonegang." <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> 4suom0u3xk4n7r6w7hh9p0nzn21kg9w 53408 53395 2026-07-27T21:25:12Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "Development" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363166168|Paris Agreement]]" 53408 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tumalano ya Paris''' ( e gape e bidiwang '''Ditumalano tsa Paris''' kgotsa '''Ditumalano tsa Seemo sa Loapi tsa Paris''' ) ke tumalano ya boditšhabatšhaba ka ga [[Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi|phetogo ya seemo sa loapi]] e e neng ya bewa monwana ka 2016 . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> Tumalano e e akaretsa phokotso ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, [[Go lepalepana le seemo sa phetogo ya loapi|tlwaelo]], le tsa madi . Tumalano ya Paris e ne ya buisanwa ke makoko a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le borataro kwa Phuthegong ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ya 2015 gaufi le Paris, kwa Fora . Go ema ka Firikgong 2026, maloko a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone a Tumalano ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (UNFCCC) ke makoko a tumalano e. Mo mafatsheng a le mararo a e leng maloko a UNFCCC a a iseng a amogele tumalano e, ke Iran fela e e ntshang digase tse dintsi . United States, e leng lefatshe la bobedi le le ntshang digase tse dintsi, le ne la ikgogela morago mo tumalanong e ka 2020, <ref name="UScom">{{Cite web |date=8 August 2017 |title=Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification) |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815062938/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2017 |access-date=14 August 2017 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> la tsena gape ka 2021, <ref name=":20">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2021 |title=US makes official return to Paris climate pact |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/19/us-official-return-paris-climate-pact |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219091824/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/19/us-official-return-paris-climate-pact |archive-date=19 February 2021 |access-date=19 February 2021 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |via=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> mme la ikgogela morago gape ka 2026 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Calma |first=Justine |date=20 January 2025 |title=Donald Trump pulls US out of Paris climate agreement |url=https://www.theverge.com/2025/1/20/24345964/donald-trump-paris-climate-agreement-exit |access-date=20 January 2025 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> Tumalano ya Paris e na le maikaelelo ka selekanyo sa mogote, e le a go baya palo ya tlhatlogo ya mogote wa boalogodimo jwa lefatshe kwa tlase thata ga {{Convert|2|C-change}} kwa godimo ga maemo a pele ga madirelo . Tumalano e gape e bolela gore go ka nna botoka gore selekanyo sa koketsego se nne {{Convert|1.5|C-change}} fela. Ditekanyetso tse di tlhalosiwa jaaka palogare ya mogote wa lefatshe jaaka di lekantswe mo dingwageng di le dintsi. <ref name=":21">{{Cite news|last1=Zhong|first1=Raymond|last2=Plumer|first2=Brad|last3=Rojanasakul|first3=Mira|date=10 January 2025|title=2024's Record-Breaking Heat Brought the World to a Dangerous Threshold. Now What?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/01/09/climate/2024-heat-record-climate-goal.html|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Fa selekanyo sa koketsego ya mogote se ya kwa tlase, go ka solofelwa ditlamorago tse dinnye tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi . Go fitlhelela maikaelelo a a selekanyo sa mogote, digase tse di ntshiwang mo digreenhouse di tshwanetse go fokodiwa ka bonako jo bo kgonegang, le ka bontsi jo bo kgonegang. Di tshwanetse go tlhoka go ntshiwa gotlhelele mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bomasome a mabedi le bongwe la dingwaga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNFCCC |title=The Paris Agreement |url=https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319205057/https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement |archive-date=19 March 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021 |website=unfccc.int}}</ref> Go nna kwa tlase ga 1.5{{Nbsp}}°C ya thuthafalo ya lefatshe, mesi e tshwanetse go fokodiwa ka mo e ka nnang sephatlo mo lekgolong (50%) ka 2030. Palo e e tsaya tsia ditsholofetso tse di kwadilweng tsa lefatshe lengwe le lengwe . <ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Schleussner |first=Carl-Friedrich |title=The Paris Agreement – the 1.5 °C Temperature Goal |url=https://climateanalytics.org/briefings/15c/ |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=Climate Analytics |language=en}}</ref> Fa Tumalano ya Paris e sena go bewa monwana, mesi ya lefatshe lotlhe e ne ya tswelela e tlhatloga go na le go wela tlase. <ref name=":21">{{Cite news|last1=Zhong|first1=Raymond|last2=Plumer|first2=Brad|last3=Rojanasakul|first3=Mira|date=10 January 2025|title=2024's Record-Breaking Heat Brought the World to a Dangerous Threshold. Now What?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/01/09/climate/2024-heat-record-climate-goal.html|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> 2024 e ne e le ngwaga o o mogote go gaisa, ka tlhatlogo e e fetang 1.5.&nbsp;°C mo palogareng ya mogoteng wa lefatshe. <ref name=":21" /> Tumalano e e ikaelela go thusa mafatshe go itlwaetsa go tshela le ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, le go kokoanya madi a a lekaneng. Mo tumalanong e, lefatshe lengwe le lengwe le tshwanetse go tlhomamisa, go rulaganya le go bega ka gangwe le gape ka seabe sa lone. Ga go na mokgwa ope o o pateletsang lefatshe go tlhoma dipalo tse di rileng tsa mesi e e le ntshang, mme fela palo ya lefatshe lengwe le lengwe e tshwanetse go feta dipalo tse di beilweng tsa nako e e fetileng . Ga di farologangwa le Tsamaiso ya Kyoto ya 1997, pharologano fa gare ga mafatshe a a tlhabologileng le a a santseng a tlhabologa ga e bonale sentle, mo e leng gore mafatshe a a santseng a tlhabologa le one a tshwanetse go romela maano a one a go fokotsa mesi. Tumalano ya Paris e ne ya bulelwa go bewa monwana ka Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2016 ( Letsatsi la Lefatshe ) kwa moletlong o o neng o tshwaretswe kwa ntlokgolong ya UN kwa New York City . Morago ga gore Bokopano jwa Yuropa bo amogele tumalano e, palo ya mafatshe e e lekaneng e ne e amogetse tumalano e e nang le maikarabelo a digase tse di lekaneng tsa lefatshe tsa gore tumalano e tsene tirisong ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2016. Baeteledipele ba mafatshe ba akgotse tumalano e. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=12 December 2015 |title=Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change – 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius |url=http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117141004/http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/ |archive-date=17 January 2016 |access-date=14 December 2015 |website=UN Climate Change Newsroom |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le kganetsano ka go bereka ga yone, fa baitseanape bangwe ba tikologo le basekaseki ba e kgala gore ga ya gagamala thata. Le fa ditsholofetso tse di ka fa tlase ga Tumalano ya Paris di sa lekana go fitlhelela maikaelelo a selekanyo sa mogote a a beilweng, go na le mokgwa wa go batla go oketsa keletso go fitlhelela se. Tumalano ya Paris e dirisitswe ka katlego mo dikgetsing tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo2010, mme se se pateletsa mafatshe le dikompone tsa lookwane go gagamatsa dikgato tsa go inaakanya le seemo sa loapi . <ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Corder |first=Mike |date=20 December 2019 |title=Activists cheer victory in landmark Dutch climate case |url=https://apnews.com/article/europe-the-hague-courts-supreme-courts-international-news-5534fe18ac5352ba43c74c9a64d6a20a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190944/https://apnews.com/article/europe-the-hague-courts-supreme-courts-international-news-5534fe18ac5352ba43c74c9a64d6a20a |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=2 July 2021 |website=AP news |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":19">{{Cite web |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=26 May 2021 |title=Court orders Royal Dutch Shell to cut carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/26/court-orders-royal-dutch-shell-to-cut-carbon-emissions-by-45-by-2030 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526142843/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/26/court-orders-royal-dutch-shell-to-cut-carbon-emissions-by-45-by-2030 |archive-date=26 May 2021 |access-date=26 May 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Maikaelelo == Maikaelelo a tumalano e, jaaka go tlhalositswe mo Lekwalong la bobedi, ke go nna le tsibogo e e maatla mo kotsing ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi; e batla go tokafatsa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga Tumalano ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ka go: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> Mafatshe gape a ikaelela go fitlhelela "setlhoa sa lefatshe lotlhe sa mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse ka bofefo jo bo kgonegang." <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> == Tlhabololo == [[File:GUSTAVO-CAMACHO-GONZALEZ-L1060274_(23430273715).jpg|thumb|Ditlhogo tsa baemedi kwa Phuthego ya 2015 ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi kwa Paris]] === Ketapele === Tumalano ya Lekgotlana la UN ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (UNFCCC), e e amogetsweng kwa Bokopanong jwa Lefatshe jwa 1992 ke nngwe ya ditumalano tsa ntlha tsa boditšhabatšhaba ka ga setlhogo se. E tlhalosa gore makoko a tshwanetse go kopana gangwe le gape go emalana le phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, kwa Phuthegong ya Makoko kgotsa COP. E bopa motheo wa ditumalano tsa isago tsa seemo sa loapi. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=UN Climate Talks |url=https://www.cfr.org/timeline/un-climate-talks |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720114238/https://www.cfr.org/timeline/un-climate-talks |archive-date=20 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2021 |website=Council of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> Tsamaiso ya Kyoto, e e amogetsweng ka 1997, e ne ya laola phokotso ya digase tsa digreenhouse moafatsheng a le mmalwa go simolola ka 2008 go ya go 2012 . Tsamaiso e e ne ya atolosiwa go fitlha ka 2020 ka Paakanyo ya Doha ka 2012. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20653018|title=UN climate talks extend Kyoto Protocol, promise compensation|access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref> United States e ne ya wetsa ka gore e tsere tshwetso ya go seke go amogela Tsamaiso e, bogolo jang ka ntlha ya gore e ne e tlama.ka fa semolaong. Se, le kgotlhang ya phatlalatso, di ne tsa dira gore dipuosano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse di neng tsa latela tsa go laola phetogo ya seemo sa loapi di palelwe. Dipuisano tsa 2009 di ne di ikaeletse go tlhagisa tumalano e e latelelang ya Kyoto, fela dipuisano tsedi ne tsa phutlhama mme Tumalano ya Copenhagen e e neng ya tswa morago ga seo e ne e sa tlame ka semolao mme ga e a ka ya amogelwa lefatshe ka bophara. <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Falkner |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics |url=https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |url-status=live |journal=International Affairs |language=en |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=1107–1125 |doi=10.1111/1468-2346.12708 |issn=0020-5850 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603060439/https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |archive-date=3 June 2018 |access-date=7 March 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Richard J. T. |date=7 December 2020 |title=The Paris Agreement and the future of climate negotiations |url=https://www.sei.org/perspectives/paris-agreement-and-future-of-climate-negotiations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718165725/https://www.sei.org/perspectives/paris-agreement-and-future-of-climate-negotiations/ |archive-date=18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=Stockholm Environment Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> Tumalano e e ne ya baya motheo wa mokgwa wa go tswa kwa tlase go ya kwa godimo wa Tumalano ya Paris. <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Falkner |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics |url=https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |url-status=live |journal=International Affairs |language=en |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=1107–1125 |doi=10.1111/1468-2346.12708 |issn=0020-5850 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603060439/https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |archive-date=3 June 2018 |access-date=7 March 2021}}</ref> Ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa mokwaledi wa khuduthamaga wa UNFCCC Christiana Figueres, dipuisano di ne tsa simolola gape morago ga go palelwa ga Copenhagen . <ref>{{Cite news|last=McGrath|first=Matt|date=19 February 2016|title=UN climate chief Christiana Figueres to step down|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35612559|access-date=7 March 2021}}</ref> Ka nako ya Phuthego ya Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng ya 2011 ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi, lekgotlana la Durban le ne la tlhomiwa go buisana ka sedirisiwa sa semolao se se laolang dikgato tsa go fokotsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi go simolola ka 2020 . Lekgotlana le le ne le na le thomo ya go itsisiwe ka Pego ya Botlhano ya Tlhatlhobo ya IPCC le tiro ya mekgatlho e e tlaleletsang ya UNFCCC. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Orangias, Joseph |date=1 April 2022 |title=The Nexus between International Law and Science: An Analysis of Scientific Expert Bodies in Multilateral Treaty-Making |doi=10.1163/18719732-bja10068 |hdl=1887/3765960 |s2cid=248057340 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Tumalano e e neng ya nna teng e ne e tshwanetse go amogelwa ka 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNFCCC:Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) |url=http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6645.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802050511/http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6645.php |archive-date=2 August 2015 |access-date=2 August 2015}}</ref> === Dipuisano le kamogelo === [[File:Paris_agreement_signed.webm|thumb|Setshwantsho se bontsha Laurent Fabius a supa go amogelwa semmuso ga Tumalano ya Paris]] Dipuisano kwa Paris di ne tsa tshwarwa mo pakeng ya dibeke di le pedi, mme tsa tswelela mo masigong otlhe a mararo a bofelo. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Jepsen |first=Henrik |date=2021 |title=Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/negotiating-the-paris-agreement/660C5CB692E6AE32FE9244374CD1EF39 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-88624-6 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldenberg |first=Suzanne |date=12 December 2015 |title=Paris climate deal: nearly 200 nations sign in end of fossil fuel era |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/12/paris-climate-deal-200-nations-sign-finish-fossil-fuel-era |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726181643/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/12/paris-climate-deal-200-nations-sign-finish-fossil-fuel-era |archive-date=26 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Dikwalo tse di iseng di tlhomamisiwe le megopolo e e farologaneng e ne ya ngangisanwa le go tokafadiwa mo ngwageng o o fetileng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=7 September 2015 |title=Bonn climate talks ask for draft Paris text |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/bonn-climate-talks-ask-for-draft-paris-text |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718171321/https://www.carbonbrief.org/bonn-climate-talks-ask-for-draft-paris-text |archive-date=18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> Go ya ka motshwaedi mongwe ditsela tse pedi ka fa BaFora ba neng ba oketsa kgonagalo ya katlego e ne e le tse: ya ntlha go netefatsa gore Dikabelo tse di Ikaeletsweng tsa Setšhaba (INDCs) di weditswe pele ga tshimologo ya dipuisano, mme ya bobedi ya go laletsa baeteledipele fela go simolola phuthego.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2016 |title=The Paris Agreement is done! Let the negotiations begin? |url=https://ghginstitute.org/2016/02/24/the-paris-agreement-is-done-let-the-negotiations-begin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722120833/https://ghginstitute.org/2016/02/24/the-paris-agreement-is-done-let-the-negotiations-begin/ |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=22 July 2021 |website=GHG and Carbon Accounting, Auditing, Management & Training {{!}} Greenhouse Gas Management Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> Dipuisano di batlile di palelwa ka ntlha ya lefoko le le lengwe fela fa setlhopha sa semolao sa US se ne se lemoga ka motsotso wa bofelo gore "tlaa" o amogetswe, go na le "tshwanetse", se se rayang gore mafatshe a a tlhabologileng a tlaabo a tlamaga ka fa molaong go fokotsa mesi: BaFora ba ne a rarabolola bothata jo ka go bo fetola gore ke "phoso ya go kwala". <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2015 |title=How a 'typo' nearly derailed the Paris climate deal |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2015/dec/16/how-a-typo-nearly-derailed-the-paris-climate-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722135937/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2015/dec/16/how-a-typo-nearly-derailed-the-paris-climate-deal |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=22 July 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Kwa bokhutlong jwa COP21 (phuthego ya bomasome a mabedi le bongwe Bokopano jwa Makoko), ka Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2015, mafoko a bofelo a Tumalano ya Paris a ne a amogelwa ka tumalano ke mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le botlhano a a tsayang karolo a maloko a UNFCCC le Bokopano jwa Yuropa. <ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Sutter|first=John D.|date=12 December 2015|title=Final draft of climate deal formally accepted in Paris|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/12/world/global-climate-change-conference-vote/|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref> Nicaragua e ne ya supa fa e ne e batla go ganetsa go amogelwa mo ka ba ne ba kgala bokoa jwa tumalano, mme ba seka ba fiwa sebaka . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Watts |first=Joshua |last2=Depledge |first2=Joanna |year=2018 |title=Latin America in the climate change negotiations: Exploring the AILAC and ALBA coalitions |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wcc.533 |url-status=live |journal=WIREs Climate Change |volume=9 |issue=6 |bibcode=2018WIRCC...9E.533W |doi=10.1002/wcc.533 |s2cid=134228301 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715105140/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wcc.533 |archive-date=15 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |article-number=e533}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Fiona |author-link=Fiona Harvey |date=8 December 2020 |title=The Paris agreement five years on: Is it strong enough to avert climate catastrophe? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/08/the-paris-agreement-five-years-on-is-it-strong-enough-to-avert-climate-catastrophe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715105140/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/08/the-paris-agreement-five-years-on-is-it-strong-enough-to-avert-climate-catastrophe |archive-date=15 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mo tumalanong maloko a ne a solofetsa go fokotsa khabone e ba e ntshang " ka bonako jo bo kgonegang " le go dira bojotlhe jwa bone go baya thuthafalo ya lefatshe " kwa tlase thata ga 2°C " (3.6&nbsp;°F). <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/cop21-climate-change-talks-saturday-announced-1.3362354|title='Historic' Paris climate deal adopted|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=12 December 2015|publisher=CBC/Radio Canada|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref> === Go bewa monwana le go tsenngwa mo tirisong === Tumelano ya Paris e ne e buletswe go bewa monwana ke mafatshe le mekgatlho ya kgaolo ya kopanyo itsholelo e e leng makoko a UNFCCC (tumalano) go tloga Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2016 go fitlha ka Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bongwe ngwaga wa 2017 kwa Ntlokgolong ya UN kwa New York. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 20(1) |url=https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117143548/https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09.pdf |archive-date=17 November 2017 |access-date=17 November 2017 |website=UNFCCC.int}}</ref> Go bewa monwana ga tumalano ke kgato ya ntlha go ya kwa kamogelong, fela go a kgonega go amogela tumalano kwa ntle ga go e baya monwana. <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=19 April 2016 |title=Explainer: The adoption, signing and ratification of the UN climate deal |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508110450/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> E tlama makoko go se dire kgatlhanong le maikaelelo a tumalano. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Voigt |first=Christina |date=2017 |title=The Paris Agreement on Climate Change |editor-last=Klein |editor-first=Daniel |page=363 |chapter=Institutional Arrangements and Final Clauses}}</ref> Ka Moranang a le letsatsi le le lengwe ngwaga wa 2016, United States le China, tse di emelang palo e e ka tshwarang masome a mane mo lekgolong (40% ) ya mesi ya lefatshe di netefaditse gore di tla baya monwana Tumalano ya Paris ya Seemo sa Loapi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=31 March 2016 |title=Paris Climate Treaty: 'Significant step' as US and China agree to sign |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35935756?ocid=global_bbccom_email_31032016_top+news+stories |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423220344/http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35935756?ocid=global_bbccom_email_31032016_top+news+stories |archive-date=23 April 2016 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=BBC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/world/asia/obama-and-president-xi-of-china-vow-to-sign-paris-climate-accord-promptly.html|title=Obama and President Xi of China Vow to Sign Paris Climate Agreement Promptly|date=31 March 2016|last=Davenport|first=Coral|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Tumalano e e ne ya bewa monwana ke makoko a le lekgolo le masome a masupa le botlhano (mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a masupa le bone le Bokopano jwa Yuropa) ka letsatsi la ntlha le e neng ya bulwa go bewa monwana ka lone. <ref name="historic">{{Cite web |date=22 April 2016 |title='Today is an historic day,' says Ban, as 175 countries sign Paris climate accord |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53756#.VxqAYGNpr-Y |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629105154/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53756#.VxqAYGNpr-Y |archive-date=29 June 2017 |access-date=29 June 2017 |website=United Nations}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2016 |title=Paris Agreement Signature Ceremony |url=http://newsroom.unfccc.int/media/632121/list-of-representatives-to-high-level-signature-ceremony.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516205241/http://newsroom.unfccc.int/media/632121/list-of-representatives-to-high-level-signature-ceremony.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2017 |access-date=22 April 2016 |website=[[UNFCCC]]}}</ref> Go tloga ka Firikgong 2026, mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone le Bokopano jwa Yuropa di a beile tumalano e monwana. <ref name="depo2">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement |url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705141043/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |archive-date=5 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> [[File:Secretary_Kerry_Holds_Granddaughter_Dobbs-Higginson_on_Lap_While_Signing_COP21_Climate_Change_Agreement_at_UN_General_Assembly_Hall_in_New_York_(26512345421).jpg|left|thumb|Go baya tumalano monwana ke John Kerry kwa Ntlonglehalahala ya Phuthego ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya United States]] Tumalano e ne e tla tsena mo tirisong (mme ka jalo e simolole go bereka ka botlalo) fa mafatshe a le masome a matlhano le botlhano a a ntshang 55% ya mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse mo lefatsheng (go ya ka lenaaneo le le ntshitsweng ka 2015) <ref name="ratpct">{{Cite web |title=Information provided in accordance with paragraph 104 of decision 1 CP21 related to entry into force of the Paris Agreement (Article 21) |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10.pdf#page=30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221204004/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10.pdf#page=30 |archive-date=21 February 2016 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=UNFCCC}}</ref> a ka amogela kgotsa ka tsela nngwe a ka tsenelela tumalano e. <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=19 April 2016 |title=Explainer: The adoption, signing and ratification of the UN climate deal |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508110450/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> Ditsela tse dingwe tsa go tsenelela tumalano e ke go e lemoga, kamogelo, kgotsa go phitlhelelo. Tse pedi tsa ntlha gantsi di dirisiwa fa tlhogo ya Lefatshe e sa tlhokege go tlama lefatshe mo tumalanong, mme ya bofelo gantsi e diragala fa lefatshe le tsenelela tumalano e e setseng e dira. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glossary of terms relating to Treaty actions |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/Overview.aspx?path=overview/glossary/page1_en.xml#acceptance |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522074345/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/Overview.aspx?path=overview%2Fglossary%2Fpage1_en.xml#acceptance |archive-date=22 May 2019 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=United Nations Treaty Collection |language=EN}}</ref> Morago ga go amogelwa ke Bokopano jwa Yuropa, tumalano e ne ya bona makoko a a lekaneng go tsena mo tirisong ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ka 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=6 October 2016 |title=Explainer: Paris Agreement on climate change to 'enter into force' |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-paris-agreement-to-enter-into-force |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508084316/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-paris-agreement-to-enter-into-force |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> EU gotlhe le mafatshe a yone a maloko a na le boikarabelo, lefatshe lengwe le lengwe ka bolone go amogela Tumalano ya Paris. Go ne ga begwa gore EU le mafatshe a maloko a yone a le masome a mabedi le boferabobedi a ne dumalana ka nako e le nngwe go tlhomamisa gore ga a ineele mo go diragatseng maitlamo a e leng a maloko a mangwe fela, <ref name="eurat">{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=23 June 2016 |title=Explainer: When will the European Union ratify the Paris Agreement? |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-when-will-european-union-ratify-paris-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905103935/http://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-when-will-european-union-ratify-paris-agreement |archive-date=5 September 2016 |access-date=3 September 2016 |website=Carbon Brief}}</ref> mme go ne go na le poifo mo balebeleding gore go sa dumalane ka karolo ya lefatshe lengwe le lengwe le e leng leloko ka selekanyo sa go fokotsa mesi e e ntshiwang ya EU, ga mmogo le [[Vote to leave the EU|tshwetso ya Borithane go tlogela EU]] gore e ne e ka nna ya diya tumalano ya Paris.<ref name="Nature">{{Cite journal |last=Schiermeier |first=Quirin |date=4 October 2016 |title=Paris climate deal to take effect as EU ratifies accord |url=http://www.nature.com/news/paris-climate-deal-to-take-effect-as-eu-ratifies-accord-1.20735 |url-status=live |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/nature.2016.20735 |s2cid=158043198 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005125351/http://www.nature.com/news/paris-climate-deal-to-take-effect-as-eu-ratifies-accord-1.20735 |archive-date=5 October 2016 |access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, EU e ne ya tsenya didirisiwa tsa yone tsa go dumalana ka Phalane a le malatsi a le matlhano ngwaga wa 2016, mmogo le mafatshe a maloko a EU a le bosupa. <ref name="Nature" /> lsjp83zg1yl7j478w4cge0eem2g6ocp 53410 53408 2026-07-27T22:23:27Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "Parties" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363166168|Paris Agreement]]" 53410 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tumalano ya Paris''' ( e gape e bidiwang '''Ditumalano tsa Paris''' kgotsa '''Ditumalano tsa Seemo sa Loapi tsa Paris''' ) ke tumalano ya boditšhabatšhaba ka ga [[Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi|phetogo ya seemo sa loapi]] e e neng ya bewa monwana ka 2016 . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> Tumalano e e akaretsa phokotso ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, [[Go lepalepana le seemo sa phetogo ya loapi|tlwaelo]], le tsa madi . Tumalano ya Paris e ne ya buisanwa ke makoko a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le borataro kwa Phuthegong ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ya 2015 gaufi le Paris, kwa Fora . Go ema ka Firikgong 2026, maloko a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone a Tumalano ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (UNFCCC) ke makoko a tumalano e. Mo mafatsheng a le mararo a e leng maloko a UNFCCC a a iseng a amogele tumalano e, ke Iran fela e e ntshang digase tse dintsi . United States, e leng lefatshe la bobedi le le ntshang digase tse dintsi, le ne la ikgogela morago mo tumalanong e ka 2020, <ref name="UScom">{{Cite web |date=8 August 2017 |title=Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification) |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815062938/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2017 |access-date=14 August 2017 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> la tsena gape ka 2021, <ref name=":20">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2021 |title=US makes official return to Paris climate pact |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/19/us-official-return-paris-climate-pact |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219091824/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/19/us-official-return-paris-climate-pact |archive-date=19 February 2021 |access-date=19 February 2021 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |via=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> mme la ikgogela morago gape ka 2026 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Calma |first=Justine |date=20 January 2025 |title=Donald Trump pulls US out of Paris climate agreement |url=https://www.theverge.com/2025/1/20/24345964/donald-trump-paris-climate-agreement-exit |access-date=20 January 2025 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> Tumalano ya Paris e na le maikaelelo ka selekanyo sa mogote, e le a go baya palo ya tlhatlogo ya mogote wa boalogodimo jwa lefatshe kwa tlase thata ga {{Convert|2|C-change}} kwa godimo ga maemo a pele ga madirelo . Tumalano e gape e bolela gore go ka nna botoka gore selekanyo sa koketsego se nne {{Convert|1.5|C-change}} fela. Ditekanyetso tse di tlhalosiwa jaaka palogare ya mogote wa lefatshe jaaka di lekantswe mo dingwageng di le dintsi. <ref name=":21">{{Cite news|last1=Zhong|first1=Raymond|last2=Plumer|first2=Brad|last3=Rojanasakul|first3=Mira|date=10 January 2025|title=2024's Record-Breaking Heat Brought the World to a Dangerous Threshold. Now What?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/01/09/climate/2024-heat-record-climate-goal.html|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Fa selekanyo sa koketsego ya mogote se ya kwa tlase, go ka solofelwa ditlamorago tse dinnye tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi . Go fitlhelela maikaelelo a a selekanyo sa mogote, digase tse di ntshiwang mo digreenhouse di tshwanetse go fokodiwa ka bonako jo bo kgonegang, le ka bontsi jo bo kgonegang. Di tshwanetse go tlhoka go ntshiwa gotlhelele mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bomasome a mabedi le bongwe la dingwaga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNFCCC |title=The Paris Agreement |url=https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319205057/https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement |archive-date=19 March 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021 |website=unfccc.int}}</ref> Go nna kwa tlase ga 1.5{{Nbsp}}°C ya thuthafalo ya lefatshe, mesi e tshwanetse go fokodiwa ka mo e ka nnang sephatlo mo lekgolong (50%) ka 2030. Palo e e tsaya tsia ditsholofetso tse di kwadilweng tsa lefatshe lengwe le lengwe . <ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Schleussner |first=Carl-Friedrich |title=The Paris Agreement – the 1.5 °C Temperature Goal |url=https://climateanalytics.org/briefings/15c/ |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=Climate Analytics |language=en}}</ref> Fa Tumalano ya Paris e sena go bewa monwana, mesi ya lefatshe lotlhe e ne ya tswelela e tlhatloga go na le go wela tlase. <ref name=":21">{{Cite news|last1=Zhong|first1=Raymond|last2=Plumer|first2=Brad|last3=Rojanasakul|first3=Mira|date=10 January 2025|title=2024's Record-Breaking Heat Brought the World to a Dangerous Threshold. Now What?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/01/09/climate/2024-heat-record-climate-goal.html|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> 2024 e ne e le ngwaga o o mogote go gaisa, ka tlhatlogo e e fetang 1.5.&nbsp;°C mo palogareng ya mogoteng wa lefatshe. <ref name=":21" /> Tumalano e e ikaelela go thusa mafatshe go itlwaetsa go tshela le ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, le go kokoanya madi a a lekaneng. Mo tumalanong e, lefatshe lengwe le lengwe le tshwanetse go tlhomamisa, go rulaganya le go bega ka gangwe le gape ka seabe sa lone. Ga go na mokgwa ope o o pateletsang lefatshe go tlhoma dipalo tse di rileng tsa mesi e e le ntshang, mme fela palo ya lefatshe lengwe le lengwe e tshwanetse go feta dipalo tse di beilweng tsa nako e e fetileng . Ga di farologangwa le Tsamaiso ya Kyoto ya 1997, pharologano fa gare ga mafatshe a a tlhabologileng le a a santseng a tlhabologa ga e bonale sentle, mo e leng gore mafatshe a a santseng a tlhabologa le one a tshwanetse go romela maano a one a go fokotsa mesi. Tumalano ya Paris e ne ya bulelwa go bewa monwana ka Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2016 ( Letsatsi la Lefatshe ) kwa moletlong o o neng o tshwaretswe kwa ntlokgolong ya UN kwa New York City . Morago ga gore Bokopano jwa Yuropa bo amogele tumalano e, palo ya mafatshe e e lekaneng e ne e amogetse tumalano e e nang le maikarabelo a digase tse di lekaneng tsa lefatshe tsa gore tumalano e tsene tirisong ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2016. Baeteledipele ba mafatshe ba akgotse tumalano e. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=12 December 2015 |title=Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change – 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius |url=http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117141004/http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/ |archive-date=17 January 2016 |access-date=14 December 2015 |website=UN Climate Change Newsroom |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le kganetsano ka go bereka ga yone, fa baitseanape bangwe ba tikologo le basekaseki ba e kgala gore ga ya gagamala thata. Le fa ditsholofetso tse di ka fa tlase ga Tumalano ya Paris di sa lekana go fitlhelela maikaelelo a selekanyo sa mogote a a beilweng, go na le mokgwa wa go batla go oketsa keletso go fitlhelela se. Tumalano ya Paris e dirisitswe ka katlego mo dikgetsing tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo2010, mme se se pateletsa mafatshe le dikompone tsa lookwane go gagamatsa dikgato tsa go inaakanya le seemo sa loapi . <ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Corder |first=Mike |date=20 December 2019 |title=Activists cheer victory in landmark Dutch climate case |url=https://apnews.com/article/europe-the-hague-courts-supreme-courts-international-news-5534fe18ac5352ba43c74c9a64d6a20a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190944/https://apnews.com/article/europe-the-hague-courts-supreme-courts-international-news-5534fe18ac5352ba43c74c9a64d6a20a |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=2 July 2021 |website=AP news |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":19">{{Cite web |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=26 May 2021 |title=Court orders Royal Dutch Shell to cut carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/26/court-orders-royal-dutch-shell-to-cut-carbon-emissions-by-45-by-2030 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526142843/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/26/court-orders-royal-dutch-shell-to-cut-carbon-emissions-by-45-by-2030 |archive-date=26 May 2021 |access-date=26 May 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Maikaelelo == Maikaelelo a tumalano e, jaaka go tlhalositswe mo Lekwalong la bobedi, ke go nna le tsibogo e e maatla mo kotsing ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi; e batla go tokafatsa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga Tumalano ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ka go: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> Mafatshe gape a ikaelela go fitlhelela "setlhoa sa lefatshe lotlhe sa mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse ka bofefo jo bo kgonegang." <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> == Tlhabololo == [[File:GUSTAVO-CAMACHO-GONZALEZ-L1060274_(23430273715).jpg|thumb|Ditlhogo tsa baemedi kwa Phuthego ya 2015 ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi kwa Paris]] === Ketapele === Tumalano ya Lekgotlana la UN ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (UNFCCC), e e amogetsweng kwa Bokopanong jwa Lefatshe jwa 1992 ke nngwe ya ditumalano tsa ntlha tsa boditšhabatšhaba ka ga setlhogo se. E tlhalosa gore makoko a tshwanetse go kopana gangwe le gape go emalana le phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, kwa Phuthegong ya Makoko kgotsa COP. E bopa motheo wa ditumalano tsa isago tsa seemo sa loapi. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=UN Climate Talks |url=https://www.cfr.org/timeline/un-climate-talks |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720114238/https://www.cfr.org/timeline/un-climate-talks |archive-date=20 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2021 |website=Council of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> Tsamaiso ya Kyoto, e e amogetsweng ka 1997, e ne ya laola phokotso ya digase tsa digreenhouse moafatsheng a le mmalwa go simolola ka 2008 go ya go 2012 . Tsamaiso e e ne ya atolosiwa go fitlha ka 2020 ka Paakanyo ya Doha ka 2012. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20653018|title=UN climate talks extend Kyoto Protocol, promise compensation|access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref> United States e ne ya wetsa ka gore e tsere tshwetso ya go seke go amogela Tsamaiso e, bogolo jang ka ntlha ya gore e ne e tlama.ka fa semolaong. Se, le kgotlhang ya phatlalatso, di ne tsa dira gore dipuosano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse di neng tsa latela tsa go laola phetogo ya seemo sa loapi di palelwe. Dipuisano tsa 2009 di ne di ikaeletse go tlhagisa tumalano e e latelelang ya Kyoto, fela dipuisano tsedi ne tsa phutlhama mme Tumalano ya Copenhagen e e neng ya tswa morago ga seo e ne e sa tlame ka semolao mme ga e a ka ya amogelwa lefatshe ka bophara. <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Falkner |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics |url=https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |url-status=live |journal=International Affairs |language=en |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=1107–1125 |doi=10.1111/1468-2346.12708 |issn=0020-5850 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603060439/https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |archive-date=3 June 2018 |access-date=7 March 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Richard J. T. |date=7 December 2020 |title=The Paris Agreement and the future of climate negotiations |url=https://www.sei.org/perspectives/paris-agreement-and-future-of-climate-negotiations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718165725/https://www.sei.org/perspectives/paris-agreement-and-future-of-climate-negotiations/ |archive-date=18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=Stockholm Environment Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> Tumalano e e ne ya baya motheo wa mokgwa wa go tswa kwa tlase go ya kwa godimo wa Tumalano ya Paris. <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Falkner |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics |url=https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |url-status=live |journal=International Affairs |language=en |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=1107–1125 |doi=10.1111/1468-2346.12708 |issn=0020-5850 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603060439/https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |archive-date=3 June 2018 |access-date=7 March 2021}}</ref> Ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa mokwaledi wa khuduthamaga wa UNFCCC Christiana Figueres, dipuisano di ne tsa simolola gape morago ga go palelwa ga Copenhagen . <ref>{{Cite news|last=McGrath|first=Matt|date=19 February 2016|title=UN climate chief Christiana Figueres to step down|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35612559|access-date=7 March 2021}}</ref> Ka nako ya Phuthego ya Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng ya 2011 ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi, lekgotlana la Durban le ne la tlhomiwa go buisana ka sedirisiwa sa semolao se se laolang dikgato tsa go fokotsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi go simolola ka 2020 . Lekgotlana le le ne le na le thomo ya go itsisiwe ka Pego ya Botlhano ya Tlhatlhobo ya IPCC le tiro ya mekgatlho e e tlaleletsang ya UNFCCC. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Orangias, Joseph |date=1 April 2022 |title=The Nexus between International Law and Science: An Analysis of Scientific Expert Bodies in Multilateral Treaty-Making |doi=10.1163/18719732-bja10068 |hdl=1887/3765960 |s2cid=248057340 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Tumalano e e neng ya nna teng e ne e tshwanetse go amogelwa ka 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNFCCC:Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) |url=http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6645.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802050511/http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6645.php |archive-date=2 August 2015 |access-date=2 August 2015}}</ref> === Dipuisano le kamogelo === [[File:Paris_agreement_signed.webm|thumb|Setshwantsho se bontsha Laurent Fabius a supa go amogelwa semmuso ga Tumalano ya Paris]] Dipuisano kwa Paris di ne tsa tshwarwa mo pakeng ya dibeke di le pedi, mme tsa tswelela mo masigong otlhe a mararo a bofelo. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Jepsen |first=Henrik |date=2021 |title=Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/negotiating-the-paris-agreement/660C5CB692E6AE32FE9244374CD1EF39 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-88624-6 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldenberg |first=Suzanne |date=12 December 2015 |title=Paris climate deal: nearly 200 nations sign in end of fossil fuel era |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/12/paris-climate-deal-200-nations-sign-finish-fossil-fuel-era |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726181643/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/12/paris-climate-deal-200-nations-sign-finish-fossil-fuel-era |archive-date=26 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Dikwalo tse di iseng di tlhomamisiwe le megopolo e e farologaneng e ne ya ngangisanwa le go tokafadiwa mo ngwageng o o fetileng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=7 September 2015 |title=Bonn climate talks ask for draft Paris text |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/bonn-climate-talks-ask-for-draft-paris-text |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718171321/https://www.carbonbrief.org/bonn-climate-talks-ask-for-draft-paris-text |archive-date=18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> Go ya ka motshwaedi mongwe ditsela tse pedi ka fa BaFora ba neng ba oketsa kgonagalo ya katlego e ne e le tse: ya ntlha go netefatsa gore Dikabelo tse di Ikaeletsweng tsa Setšhaba (INDCs) di weditswe pele ga tshimologo ya dipuisano, mme ya bobedi ya go laletsa baeteledipele fela go simolola phuthego.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2016 |title=The Paris Agreement is done! Let the negotiations begin? |url=https://ghginstitute.org/2016/02/24/the-paris-agreement-is-done-let-the-negotiations-begin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722120833/https://ghginstitute.org/2016/02/24/the-paris-agreement-is-done-let-the-negotiations-begin/ |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=22 July 2021 |website=GHG and Carbon Accounting, Auditing, Management & Training {{!}} Greenhouse Gas Management Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> Dipuisano di batlile di palelwa ka ntlha ya lefoko le le lengwe fela fa setlhopha sa semolao sa US se ne se lemoga ka motsotso wa bofelo gore "tlaa" o amogetswe, go na le "tshwanetse", se se rayang gore mafatshe a a tlhabologileng a tlaabo a tlamaga ka fa molaong go fokotsa mesi: BaFora ba ne a rarabolola bothata jo ka go bo fetola gore ke "phoso ya go kwala". <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2015 |title=How a 'typo' nearly derailed the Paris climate deal |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2015/dec/16/how-a-typo-nearly-derailed-the-paris-climate-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722135937/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2015/dec/16/how-a-typo-nearly-derailed-the-paris-climate-deal |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=22 July 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Kwa bokhutlong jwa COP21 (phuthego ya bomasome a mabedi le bongwe Bokopano jwa Makoko), ka Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2015, mafoko a bofelo a Tumalano ya Paris a ne a amogelwa ka tumalano ke mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le botlhano a a tsayang karolo a maloko a UNFCCC le Bokopano jwa Yuropa. <ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Sutter|first=John D.|date=12 December 2015|title=Final draft of climate deal formally accepted in Paris|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/12/world/global-climate-change-conference-vote/|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref> Nicaragua e ne ya supa fa e ne e batla go ganetsa go amogelwa mo ka ba ne ba kgala bokoa jwa tumalano, mme ba seka ba fiwa sebaka . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Watts |first=Joshua |last2=Depledge |first2=Joanna |year=2018 |title=Latin America in the climate change negotiations: Exploring the AILAC and ALBA coalitions |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wcc.533 |url-status=live |journal=WIREs Climate Change |volume=9 |issue=6 |bibcode=2018WIRCC...9E.533W |doi=10.1002/wcc.533 |s2cid=134228301 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715105140/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wcc.533 |archive-date=15 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |article-number=e533}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Fiona |author-link=Fiona Harvey |date=8 December 2020 |title=The Paris agreement five years on: Is it strong enough to avert climate catastrophe? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/08/the-paris-agreement-five-years-on-is-it-strong-enough-to-avert-climate-catastrophe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715105140/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/08/the-paris-agreement-five-years-on-is-it-strong-enough-to-avert-climate-catastrophe |archive-date=15 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mo tumalanong maloko a ne a solofetsa go fokotsa khabone e ba e ntshang " ka bonako jo bo kgonegang " le go dira bojotlhe jwa bone go baya thuthafalo ya lefatshe " kwa tlase thata ga 2°C " (3.6&nbsp;°F). <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/cop21-climate-change-talks-saturday-announced-1.3362354|title='Historic' Paris climate deal adopted|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=12 December 2015|publisher=CBC/Radio Canada|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref> === Go bewa monwana le go tsenngwa mo tirisong === Tumelano ya Paris e ne e buletswe go bewa monwana ke mafatshe le mekgatlho ya kgaolo ya kopanyo itsholelo e e leng makoko a UNFCCC (tumalano) go tloga Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2016 go fitlha ka Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bongwe ngwaga wa 2017 kwa Ntlokgolong ya UN kwa New York. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 20(1) |url=https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117143548/https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09.pdf |archive-date=17 November 2017 |access-date=17 November 2017 |website=UNFCCC.int}}</ref> Go bewa monwana ga tumalano ke kgato ya ntlha go ya kwa kamogelong, fela go a kgonega go amogela tumalano kwa ntle ga go e baya monwana. <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=19 April 2016 |title=Explainer: The adoption, signing and ratification of the UN climate deal |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508110450/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> E tlama makoko go se dire kgatlhanong le maikaelelo a tumalano. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Voigt |first=Christina |date=2017 |title=The Paris Agreement on Climate Change |editor-last=Klein |editor-first=Daniel |page=363 |chapter=Institutional Arrangements and Final Clauses}}</ref> Ka Moranang a le letsatsi le le lengwe ngwaga wa 2016, United States le China, tse di emelang palo e e ka tshwarang masome a mane mo lekgolong (40% ) ya mesi ya lefatshe di netefaditse gore di tla baya monwana Tumalano ya Paris ya Seemo sa Loapi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=31 March 2016 |title=Paris Climate Treaty: 'Significant step' as US and China agree to sign |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35935756?ocid=global_bbccom_email_31032016_top+news+stories |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423220344/http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35935756?ocid=global_bbccom_email_31032016_top+news+stories |archive-date=23 April 2016 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=BBC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/world/asia/obama-and-president-xi-of-china-vow-to-sign-paris-climate-accord-promptly.html|title=Obama and President Xi of China Vow to Sign Paris Climate Agreement Promptly|date=31 March 2016|last=Davenport|first=Coral|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Tumalano e e ne ya bewa monwana ke makoko a le lekgolo le masome a masupa le botlhano (mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a masupa le bone le Bokopano jwa Yuropa) ka letsatsi la ntlha le e neng ya bulwa go bewa monwana ka lone. <ref name="historic">{{Cite web |date=22 April 2016 |title='Today is an historic day,' says Ban, as 175 countries sign Paris climate accord |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53756#.VxqAYGNpr-Y |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629105154/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53756#.VxqAYGNpr-Y |archive-date=29 June 2017 |access-date=29 June 2017 |website=United Nations}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2016 |title=Paris Agreement Signature Ceremony |url=http://newsroom.unfccc.int/media/632121/list-of-representatives-to-high-level-signature-ceremony.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516205241/http://newsroom.unfccc.int/media/632121/list-of-representatives-to-high-level-signature-ceremony.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2017 |access-date=22 April 2016 |website=[[UNFCCC]]}}</ref> Go tloga ka Firikgong 2026, mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone le Bokopano jwa Yuropa di a beile tumalano e monwana. <ref name="depo2">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement |url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705141043/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |archive-date=5 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> [[File:Secretary_Kerry_Holds_Granddaughter_Dobbs-Higginson_on_Lap_While_Signing_COP21_Climate_Change_Agreement_at_UN_General_Assembly_Hall_in_New_York_(26512345421).jpg|left|thumb|Go baya tumalano monwana ke John Kerry kwa Ntlonglehalahala ya Phuthego ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya United States]] Tumalano e ne e tla tsena mo tirisong (mme ka jalo e simolole go bereka ka botlalo) fa mafatshe a le masome a matlhano le botlhano a a ntshang 55% ya mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse mo lefatsheng (go ya ka lenaaneo le le ntshitsweng ka 2015) <ref name="ratpct">{{Cite web |title=Information provided in accordance with paragraph 104 of decision 1 CP21 related to entry into force of the Paris Agreement (Article 21) |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10.pdf#page=30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221204004/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10.pdf#page=30 |archive-date=21 February 2016 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=UNFCCC}}</ref> a ka amogela kgotsa ka tsela nngwe a ka tsenelela tumalano e. <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=19 April 2016 |title=Explainer: The adoption, signing and ratification of the UN climate deal |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508110450/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> Ditsela tse dingwe tsa go tsenelela tumalano e ke go e lemoga, kamogelo, kgotsa go phitlhelelo. Tse pedi tsa ntlha gantsi di dirisiwa fa tlhogo ya Lefatshe e sa tlhokege go tlama lefatshe mo tumalanong, mme ya bofelo gantsi e diragala fa lefatshe le tsenelela tumalano e e setseng e dira. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glossary of terms relating to Treaty actions |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/Overview.aspx?path=overview/glossary/page1_en.xml#acceptance |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522074345/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/Overview.aspx?path=overview%2Fglossary%2Fpage1_en.xml#acceptance |archive-date=22 May 2019 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=United Nations Treaty Collection |language=EN}}</ref> Morago ga go amogelwa ke Bokopano jwa Yuropa, tumalano e ne ya bona makoko a a lekaneng go tsena mo tirisong ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ka 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=6 October 2016 |title=Explainer: Paris Agreement on climate change to 'enter into force' |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-paris-agreement-to-enter-into-force |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508084316/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-paris-agreement-to-enter-into-force |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> EU gotlhe le mafatshe a yone a maloko a na le boikarabelo, lefatshe lengwe le lengwe ka bolone go amogela Tumalano ya Paris. Go ne ga begwa gore EU le mafatshe a maloko a yone a le masome a mabedi le boferabobedi a ne dumalana ka nako e le nngwe go tlhomamisa gore ga a ineele mo go diragatseng maitlamo a e leng a maloko a mangwe fela, <ref name="eurat">{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=23 June 2016 |title=Explainer: When will the European Union ratify the Paris Agreement? |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-when-will-european-union-ratify-paris-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905103935/http://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-when-will-european-union-ratify-paris-agreement |archive-date=5 September 2016 |access-date=3 September 2016 |website=Carbon Brief}}</ref> mme go ne go na le poifo mo balebeleding gore go sa dumalane ka karolo ya lefatshe lengwe le lengwe le e leng leloko ka selekanyo sa go fokotsa mesi e e ntshiwang ya EU, ga mmogo le [[Vote to leave the EU|tshwetso ya Borithane go tlogela EU]] gore e ne e ka nna ya diya tumalano ya Paris.<ref name="Nature">{{Cite journal |last=Schiermeier |first=Quirin |date=4 October 2016 |title=Paris climate deal to take effect as EU ratifies accord |url=http://www.nature.com/news/paris-climate-deal-to-take-effect-as-eu-ratifies-accord-1.20735 |url-status=live |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/nature.2016.20735 |s2cid=158043198 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005125351/http://www.nature.com/news/paris-climate-deal-to-take-effect-as-eu-ratifies-accord-1.20735 |archive-date=5 October 2016 |access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, EU e ne ya tsenya didirisiwa tsa yone tsa go dumalana ka Phalane a le malatsi a le matlhano ngwaga wa 2016, mmogo le mafatshe a maloko a EU a le bosupa. <ref name="Nature" /> == Makoko == [[File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_greeting_the_President_of_Brazil,_Ms._Dilma_Rousseff,_during_Group_Photo_Session,_at_COP21_Summit,_in_Paris,_France_on_November_30,_2015.jpg|thumb|Tonakgolo ya India, Narendra Modi a dumedisa tautona wa Brazil, Dilma Rousseff, kwa morago Tonakgolo ya Portugal António Costa kwa Bokopanong jwa COP21 ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 2015]] === Mafatshe a a dumalaneng kgotsa a amogetse tumalano === EU le mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone, ba mmogo ba ntshang mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse di feta 98% ba dumalane kgotsa ba amogetse tumalano e. Mafatshe hela a a iseng a amogele ke a mangwe a a ntshang digase tsa digreenhouse kwa Botlhabagare : Iran ka 2% ya palogotlhe ya lefatshe e le yone e tona go gaisa. Libya le Yemen le bone ga ba ise ba amogele tumalano e. Eritrea ke lefatshe le le sha go amogela tumalano, ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a le bosupa ngwaga wa 2023. Lekwalo la bomasome a mabedi le boferabobedi le letla makoko go ikgogela morago mo tumalanong e morago ga go romela kitsiso ya go ikgogela morago kwa lefelong la polokelo . Kitsiso e ka neelwa mme e seng pele ga dingwaga di le tharo morago ga gore tumalano e tsene mo tirisong mo lefatsheng. Go ikgogela morago go simolola ngwaga o le mongwe morago ga gore motlhokomedi kwa lefelong la polokelo a itsisiwe. === Go ikgogela morago ga United States, go amogelwa gape, le go ikgogela morago gape === Ka Phatwe a le malatsi a le mane 2017, puso ya ga Trump e ne ya romela kitsiso ya semmuso kwa [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Ditšhabeng tse di Kopaneng]] gore United States, e leng lefatshe la bobedi le le ntshang digase tsa digreenhouse thata morago ga China, le ne le ikaeletse go ikgogela morago mo Tumalanong ya Paris ka bonako fela fa le letlelesega go dira jalo. <ref name="UScom">{{Cite web |date=8 August 2017 |title=Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification) |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815062938/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2017 |access-date=14 August 2017 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Kitsiso ya go ikgogela morago e ne e seka ya kgonega go romelwa go fitlhelela fa tumalano e dira dingwaga di le tharo mo US, ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2019. Puso ya United States e ne ya romela kitsiso e kwa go mokwaledimogolo wa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng mme ya ikgogela morago semmuso ngwaga o le mongwe morago ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2020. Tautona Joe Biden o ne a baya monwana taelo ya khuduthamaga mo letsatsing la gagwe la ntlha mo maemong a botautona, ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2021, gore go amogelwe United States gape mo Tumalanong ya Paris. Go selwa morago sebaka sa malatsi a le masome a mararo a a beilweng ke Lekwalo la 21.3, US e ne ya amogelwa gape mo tumalanong. Morongwa wa dikgang tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi United States John Kerry o ne a tsaya karolo mo ditiragalong tse mo maranyaneng , a re US e tla "berekela tsela ya yone ya go boela" go ikanyega mo thulaganyong ya Paris. Mokwaledimogolo wa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng António Guterres o ne a amogela go boa ga United States jaaka go busetsa "kgokagano e e latlhegileng e e koafaditseng gotlhe". Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2025, Tautona Donald Trump o ne a baya monwana taelo ya khuduthamaga gape e e neng e gogela US morago mo tumalanong e. Go ikgogela morago mo go ne ga simolola ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2026. 32gpyz4pkmwg0ang2hl8mera5dwj4e5 53411 53410 2026-07-27T22:25:21Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 spam filter blocking multiple citations, some links removed for publishing 53411 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tumalano ya Paris''' ( e gape e bidiwang '''Ditumalano tsa Paris''' kgotsa '''Ditumalano tsa Seemo sa Loapi tsa Paris''' ) ke tumalano ya boditšhabatšhaba ka ga [[Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi|phetogo ya seemo sa loapi]] e e neng ya bewa monwana ka 2016 . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> Tumalano e e akaretsa phokotso ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, [[Go lepalepana le seemo sa phetogo ya loapi|tlwaelo]], le tsa madi . Tumalano ya Paris e ne ya buisanwa ke makoko a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le borataro kwa Phuthegong ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ya 2015 gaufi le Paris, kwa Fora . Go ema ka Firikgong 2026, maloko a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone a Tumalano ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (UNFCCC) ke makoko a tumalano e. Mo mafatsheng a le mararo a e leng maloko a UNFCCC a a iseng a amogele tumalano e, ke Iran fela e e ntshang digase tse dintsi . United States, e leng lefatshe la bobedi le le ntshang digase tse dintsi, le ne la ikgogela morago mo tumalanong e ka 2020, <ref name="UScom">{{Cite web |date=8 August 2017 |title=Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification) |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815062938/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2017 |access-date=14 August 2017 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> la tsena gape ka 2021, <ref name=":20">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2021 |title=US makes official return to Paris climate pact |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/19/us-official-return-paris-climate-pact |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219091824/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/19/us-official-return-paris-climate-pact |archive-date=19 February 2021 |access-date=19 February 2021 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |via=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> mme la ikgogela morago gape ka 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Calma |first=Justine |date=20 January 2025 |title=Donald Trump pulls US out of Paris climate agreement |url=https://www.theverge.com/2025/1/20/24345964/donald-trump-paris-climate-agreement-exit |access-date=20 January 2025 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> Tumalano ya Paris e na le maikaelelo ka selekanyo sa mogote, e le a go baya palo ya tlhatlogo ya mogote wa boalogodimo jwa lefatshe kwa tlase thata ga {{Convert|2|C-change}} kwa godimo ga maemo a pele ga madirelo . Tumalano e gape e bolela gore go ka nna botoka gore selekanyo sa koketsego se nne {{Convert|1.5|C-change}} fela. Ditekanyetso tse di tlhalosiwa jaaka palogare ya mogote wa lefatshe jaaka di lekantswe mo dingwageng di le dintsi. <ref name=":21">{{Cite news|last1=Zhong|first1=Raymond|last2=Plumer|first2=Brad|last3=Rojanasakul|first3=Mira|date=10 January 2025|title=2024's Record-Breaking Heat Brought the World to a Dangerous Threshold. Now What?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/01/09/climate/2024-heat-record-climate-goal.html|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Fa selekanyo sa koketsego ya mogote se ya kwa tlase, go ka solofelwa ditlamorago tse dinnye tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi . Go fitlhelela maikaelelo a a selekanyo sa mogote, digase tse di ntshiwang mo digreenhouse di tshwanetse go fokodiwa ka bonako jo bo kgonegang, le ka bontsi jo bo kgonegang. Di tshwanetse go tlhoka go ntshiwa gotlhelele mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bomasome a mabedi le bongwe la dingwaga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNFCCC |title=The Paris Agreement |url=https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319205057/https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement |archive-date=19 March 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021 |website=unfccc.int}}</ref> Go nna kwa tlase ga 1.5{{Nbsp}}°C ya thuthafalo ya lefatshe, mesi e tshwanetse go fokodiwa ka mo e ka nnang sephatlo mo lekgolong (50%) ka 2030. Palo e e tsaya tsia ditsholofetso tse di kwadilweng tsa lefatshe lengwe le lengwe . <ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Schleussner |first=Carl-Friedrich |title=The Paris Agreement – the 1.5 °C Temperature Goal |url=https://climateanalytics.org/briefings/15c/ |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=Climate Analytics |language=en}}</ref> Fa Tumalano ya Paris e sena go bewa monwana, mesi ya lefatshe lotlhe e ne ya tswelela e tlhatloga go na le go wela tlase. <ref name=":21">{{Cite news|last1=Zhong|first1=Raymond|last2=Plumer|first2=Brad|last3=Rojanasakul|first3=Mira|date=10 January 2025|title=2024's Record-Breaking Heat Brought the World to a Dangerous Threshold. Now What?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/01/09/climate/2024-heat-record-climate-goal.html|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> 2024 e ne e le ngwaga o o mogote go gaisa, ka tlhatlogo e e fetang 1.5.&nbsp;°C mo palogareng ya mogoteng wa lefatshe. <ref name=":21" /> Tumalano e e ikaelela go thusa mafatshe go itlwaetsa go tshela le ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, le go kokoanya madi a a lekaneng. Mo tumalanong e, lefatshe lengwe le lengwe le tshwanetse go tlhomamisa, go rulaganya le go bega ka gangwe le gape ka seabe sa lone. Ga go na mokgwa ope o o pateletsang lefatshe go tlhoma dipalo tse di rileng tsa mesi e e le ntshang, mme fela palo ya lefatshe lengwe le lengwe e tshwanetse go feta dipalo tse di beilweng tsa nako e e fetileng . Ga di farologangwa le Tsamaiso ya Kyoto ya 1997, pharologano fa gare ga mafatshe a a tlhabologileng le a a santseng a tlhabologa ga e bonale sentle, mo e leng gore mafatshe a a santseng a tlhabologa le one a tshwanetse go romela maano a one a go fokotsa mesi. Tumalano ya Paris e ne ya bulelwa go bewa monwana ka Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2016 ( Letsatsi la Lefatshe ) kwa moletlong o o neng o tshwaretswe kwa ntlokgolong ya UN kwa New York City . Morago ga gore Bokopano jwa Yuropa bo amogele tumalano e, palo ya mafatshe e e lekaneng e ne e amogetse tumalano e e nang le maikarabelo a digase tse di lekaneng tsa lefatshe tsa gore tumalano e tsene tirisong ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2016. Baeteledipele ba mafatshe ba akgotse tumalano e. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=12 December 2015 |title=Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change – 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius |url=http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117141004/http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/ |archive-date=17 January 2016 |access-date=14 December 2015 |website=UN Climate Change Newsroom |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le kganetsano ka go bereka ga yone, fa baitseanape bangwe ba tikologo le basekaseki ba e kgala gore ga ya gagamala thata. Le fa ditsholofetso tse di ka fa tlase ga Tumalano ya Paris di sa lekana go fitlhelela maikaelelo a selekanyo sa mogote a a beilweng, go na le mokgwa wa go batla go oketsa keletso go fitlhelela se. Tumalano ya Paris e dirisitswe ka katlego mo dikgetsing tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo2010, mme se se pateletsa mafatshe le dikompone tsa lookwane go gagamatsa dikgato tsa go inaakanya le seemo sa loapi . <ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Corder |first=Mike |date=20 December 2019 |title=Activists cheer victory in landmark Dutch climate case |url=https://apnews.com/article/europe-the-hague-courts-supreme-courts-international-news-5534fe18ac5352ba43c74c9a64d6a20a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190944/https://apnews.com/article/europe-the-hague-courts-supreme-courts-international-news-5534fe18ac5352ba43c74c9a64d6a20a |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=2 July 2021 |website=AP news |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":19">{{Cite web |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=26 May 2021 |title=Court orders Royal Dutch Shell to cut carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/26/court-orders-royal-dutch-shell-to-cut-carbon-emissions-by-45-by-2030 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526142843/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/26/court-orders-royal-dutch-shell-to-cut-carbon-emissions-by-45-by-2030 |archive-date=26 May 2021 |access-date=26 May 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Maikaelelo == Maikaelelo a tumalano e, jaaka go tlhalositswe mo Lekwalong la bobedi, ke go nna le tsibogo e e maatla mo kotsing ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi; e batla go tokafatsa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga Tumalano ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ka go: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> Mafatshe gape a ikaelela go fitlhelela "setlhoa sa lefatshe lotlhe sa mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse ka bofefo jo bo kgonegang." <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> == Tlhabololo == [[File:GUSTAVO-CAMACHO-GONZALEZ-L1060274_(23430273715).jpg|thumb|Ditlhogo tsa baemedi kwa Phuthego ya 2015 ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi kwa Paris]] === Ketapele === Tumalano ya Lekgotlana la UN ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (UNFCCC), e e amogetsweng kwa Bokopanong jwa Lefatshe jwa 1992 ke nngwe ya ditumalano tsa ntlha tsa boditšhabatšhaba ka ga setlhogo se. E tlhalosa gore makoko a tshwanetse go kopana gangwe le gape go emalana le phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, kwa Phuthegong ya Makoko kgotsa COP. E bopa motheo wa ditumalano tsa isago tsa seemo sa loapi. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=UN Climate Talks |url=https://www.cfr.org/timeline/un-climate-talks |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720114238/https://www.cfr.org/timeline/un-climate-talks |archive-date=20 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2021 |website=Council of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> Tsamaiso ya Kyoto, e e amogetsweng ka 1997, e ne ya laola phokotso ya digase tsa digreenhouse moafatsheng a le mmalwa go simolola ka 2008 go ya go 2012 . Tsamaiso e e ne ya atolosiwa go fitlha ka 2020 ka Paakanyo ya Doha ka 2012. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20653018|title=UN climate talks extend Kyoto Protocol, promise compensation|access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref> United States e ne ya wetsa ka gore e tsere tshwetso ya go seke go amogela Tsamaiso e, bogolo jang ka ntlha ya gore e ne e tlama.ka fa semolaong. Se, le kgotlhang ya phatlalatso, di ne tsa dira gore dipuosano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse di neng tsa latela tsa go laola phetogo ya seemo sa loapi di palelwe. Dipuisano tsa 2009 di ne di ikaeletse go tlhagisa tumalano e e latelelang ya Kyoto, fela dipuisano tsedi ne tsa phutlhama mme Tumalano ya Copenhagen e e neng ya tswa morago ga seo e ne e sa tlame ka semolao mme ga e a ka ya amogelwa lefatshe ka bophara. <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Falkner |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics |url=https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |url-status=live |journal=International Affairs |language=en |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=1107–1125 |doi=10.1111/1468-2346.12708 |issn=0020-5850 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603060439/https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |archive-date=3 June 2018 |access-date=7 March 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Richard J. T. |date=7 December 2020 |title=The Paris Agreement and the future of climate negotiations |url=https://www.sei.org/perspectives/paris-agreement-and-future-of-climate-negotiations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718165725/https://www.sei.org/perspectives/paris-agreement-and-future-of-climate-negotiations/ |archive-date=18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=Stockholm Environment Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> Tumalano e e ne ya baya motheo wa mokgwa wa go tswa kwa tlase go ya kwa godimo wa Tumalano ya Paris. <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Falkner |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics |url=https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |url-status=live |journal=International Affairs |language=en |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=1107–1125 |doi=10.1111/1468-2346.12708 |issn=0020-5850 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603060439/https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |archive-date=3 June 2018 |access-date=7 March 2021}}</ref> Ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa mokwaledi wa khuduthamaga wa UNFCCC Christiana Figueres, dipuisano di ne tsa simolola gape morago ga go palelwa ga Copenhagen . <ref>{{Cite news|last=McGrath|first=Matt|date=19 February 2016|title=UN climate chief Christiana Figueres to step down|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35612559|access-date=7 March 2021}}</ref> Ka nako ya Phuthego ya Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng ya 2011 ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi, lekgotlana la Durban le ne la tlhomiwa go buisana ka sedirisiwa sa semolao se se laolang dikgato tsa go fokotsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi go simolola ka 2020 . Lekgotlana le le ne le na le thomo ya go itsisiwe ka Pego ya Botlhano ya Tlhatlhobo ya IPCC le tiro ya mekgatlho e e tlaleletsang ya UNFCCC. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Orangias, Joseph |date=1 April 2022 |title=The Nexus between International Law and Science: An Analysis of Scientific Expert Bodies in Multilateral Treaty-Making |doi=10.1163/18719732-bja10068 |hdl=1887/3765960 |s2cid=248057340 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Tumalano e e neng ya nna teng e ne e tshwanetse go amogelwa ka 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNFCCC:Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) |url=http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6645.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802050511/http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6645.php |archive-date=2 August 2015 |access-date=2 August 2015}}</ref> === Dipuisano le kamogelo === [[File:Paris_agreement_signed.webm|thumb|Setshwantsho se bontsha Laurent Fabius a supa go amogelwa semmuso ga Tumalano ya Paris]] Dipuisano kwa Paris di ne tsa tshwarwa mo pakeng ya dibeke di le pedi, mme tsa tswelela mo masigong otlhe a mararo a bofelo. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Jepsen |first=Henrik |date=2021 |title=Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/negotiating-the-paris-agreement/660C5CB692E6AE32FE9244374CD1EF39 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-88624-6 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldenberg |first=Suzanne |date=12 December 2015 |title=Paris climate deal: nearly 200 nations sign in end of fossil fuel era |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/12/paris-climate-deal-200-nations-sign-finish-fossil-fuel-era |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726181643/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/12/paris-climate-deal-200-nations-sign-finish-fossil-fuel-era |archive-date=26 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Dikwalo tse di iseng di tlhomamisiwe le megopolo e e farologaneng e ne ya ngangisanwa le go tokafadiwa mo ngwageng o o fetileng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=7 September 2015 |title=Bonn climate talks ask for draft Paris text |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/bonn-climate-talks-ask-for-draft-paris-text |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718171321/https://www.carbonbrief.org/bonn-climate-talks-ask-for-draft-paris-text |archive-date=18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> Go ya ka motshwaedi mongwe ditsela tse pedi ka fa BaFora ba neng ba oketsa kgonagalo ya katlego e ne e le tse: ya ntlha go netefatsa gore Dikabelo tse di Ikaeletsweng tsa Setšhaba (INDCs) di weditswe pele ga tshimologo ya dipuisano, mme ya bobedi ya go laletsa baeteledipele fela go simolola phuthego.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2016 |title=The Paris Agreement is done! Let the negotiations begin? |url=https://ghginstitute.org/2016/02/24/the-paris-agreement-is-done-let-the-negotiations-begin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722120833/https://ghginstitute.org/2016/02/24/the-paris-agreement-is-done-let-the-negotiations-begin/ |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=22 July 2021 |website=GHG and Carbon Accounting, Auditing, Management & Training {{!}} Greenhouse Gas Management Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> Dipuisano di batlile di palelwa ka ntlha ya lefoko le le lengwe fela fa setlhopha sa semolao sa US se ne se lemoga ka motsotso wa bofelo gore "tlaa" o amogetswe, go na le "tshwanetse", se se rayang gore mafatshe a a tlhabologileng a tlaabo a tlamaga ka fa molaong go fokotsa mesi: BaFora ba ne a rarabolola bothata jo ka go bo fetola gore ke "phoso ya go kwala". <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2015 |title=How a 'typo' nearly derailed the Paris climate deal |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2015/dec/16/how-a-typo-nearly-derailed-the-paris-climate-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722135937/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2015/dec/16/how-a-typo-nearly-derailed-the-paris-climate-deal |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=22 July 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Kwa bokhutlong jwa COP21 (phuthego ya bomasome a mabedi le bongwe Bokopano jwa Makoko), ka Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2015, mafoko a bofelo a Tumalano ya Paris a ne a amogelwa ka tumalano ke mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le botlhano a a tsayang karolo a maloko a UNFCCC le Bokopano jwa Yuropa. <ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Sutter|first=John D.|date=12 December 2015|title=Final draft of climate deal formally accepted in Paris|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/12/world/global-climate-change-conference-vote/|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref> Nicaragua e ne ya supa fa e ne e batla go ganetsa go amogelwa mo ka ba ne ba kgala bokoa jwa tumalano, mme ba seka ba fiwa sebaka . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Watts |first=Joshua |last2=Depledge |first2=Joanna |year=2018 |title=Latin America in the climate change negotiations: Exploring the AILAC and ALBA coalitions |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wcc.533 |url-status=live |journal=WIREs Climate Change |volume=9 |issue=6 |bibcode=2018WIRCC...9E.533W |doi=10.1002/wcc.533 |s2cid=134228301 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715105140/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wcc.533 |archive-date=15 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |article-number=e533}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Fiona |author-link=Fiona Harvey |date=8 December 2020 |title=The Paris agreement five years on: Is it strong enough to avert climate catastrophe? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/08/the-paris-agreement-five-years-on-is-it-strong-enough-to-avert-climate-catastrophe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715105140/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/08/the-paris-agreement-five-years-on-is-it-strong-enough-to-avert-climate-catastrophe |archive-date=15 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mo tumalanong maloko a ne a solofetsa go fokotsa khabone e ba e ntshang " ka bonako jo bo kgonegang " le go dira bojotlhe jwa bone go baya thuthafalo ya lefatshe " kwa tlase thata ga 2°C " (3.6&nbsp;°F). <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/cop21-climate-change-talks-saturday-announced-1.3362354|title='Historic' Paris climate deal adopted|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=12 December 2015|publisher=CBC/Radio Canada|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref> === Go bewa monwana le go tsenngwa mo tirisong === Tumelano ya Paris e ne e buletswe go bewa monwana ke mafatshe le mekgatlho ya kgaolo ya kopanyo itsholelo e e leng makoko a UNFCCC (tumalano) go tloga Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2016 go fitlha ka Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bongwe ngwaga wa 2017 kwa Ntlokgolong ya UN kwa New York. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 20(1) |url=https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117143548/https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09.pdf |archive-date=17 November 2017 |access-date=17 November 2017 |website=UNFCCC.int}}</ref> Go bewa monwana ga tumalano ke kgato ya ntlha go ya kwa kamogelong, fela go a kgonega go amogela tumalano kwa ntle ga go e baya monwana. <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=19 April 2016 |title=Explainer: The adoption, signing and ratification of the UN climate deal |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508110450/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> E tlama makoko go se dire kgatlhanong le maikaelelo a tumalano. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Voigt |first=Christina |date=2017 |title=The Paris Agreement on Climate Change |editor-last=Klein |editor-first=Daniel |page=363 |chapter=Institutional Arrangements and Final Clauses}}</ref> Ka Moranang a le letsatsi le le lengwe ngwaga wa 2016, United States le China, tse di emelang palo e e ka tshwarang masome a mane mo lekgolong (40% ) ya mesi ya lefatshe di netefaditse gore di tla baya monwana Tumalano ya Paris ya Seemo sa Loapi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=31 March 2016 |title=Paris Climate Treaty: 'Significant step' as US and China agree to sign |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35935756?ocid=global_bbccom_email_31032016_top+news+stories |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423220344/http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35935756?ocid=global_bbccom_email_31032016_top+news+stories |archive-date=23 April 2016 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=BBC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/world/asia/obama-and-president-xi-of-china-vow-to-sign-paris-climate-accord-promptly.html|title=Obama and President Xi of China Vow to Sign Paris Climate Agreement Promptly|date=31 March 2016|last=Davenport|first=Coral|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Tumalano e e ne ya bewa monwana ke makoko a le lekgolo le masome a masupa le botlhano (mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a masupa le bone le Bokopano jwa Yuropa) ka letsatsi la ntlha le e neng ya bulwa go bewa monwana ka lone. <ref name="historic">{{Cite web |date=22 April 2016 |title='Today is an historic day,' says Ban, as 175 countries sign Paris climate accord |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53756#.VxqAYGNpr-Y |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629105154/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53756#.VxqAYGNpr-Y |archive-date=29 June 2017 |access-date=29 June 2017 |website=United Nations}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2016 |title=Paris Agreement Signature Ceremony |url=http://newsroom.unfccc.int/media/632121/list-of-representatives-to-high-level-signature-ceremony.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516205241/http://newsroom.unfccc.int/media/632121/list-of-representatives-to-high-level-signature-ceremony.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2017 |access-date=22 April 2016 |website=[[UNFCCC]]}}</ref> Go tloga ka Firikgong 2026, mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone le Bokopano jwa Yuropa di a beile tumalano e monwana. <ref name="depo2">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement |url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705141043/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |archive-date=5 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> [[File:Secretary_Kerry_Holds_Granddaughter_Dobbs-Higginson_on_Lap_While_Signing_COP21_Climate_Change_Agreement_at_UN_General_Assembly_Hall_in_New_York_(26512345421).jpg|left|thumb|Go baya tumalano monwana ke John Kerry kwa Ntlonglehalahala ya Phuthego ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya United States]] Tumalano e ne e tla tsena mo tirisong (mme ka jalo e simolole go bereka ka botlalo) fa mafatshe a le masome a matlhano le botlhano a a ntshang 55% ya mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse mo lefatsheng (go ya ka lenaaneo le le ntshitsweng ka 2015) <ref name="ratpct">{{Cite web |title=Information provided in accordance with paragraph 104 of decision 1 CP21 related to entry into force of the Paris Agreement (Article 21) |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10.pdf#page=30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221204004/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10.pdf#page=30 |archive-date=21 February 2016 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=UNFCCC}}</ref> a ka amogela kgotsa ka tsela nngwe a ka tsenelela tumalano e. <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=19 April 2016 |title=Explainer: The adoption, signing and ratification of the UN climate deal |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508110450/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> Ditsela tse dingwe tsa go tsenelela tumalano e ke go e lemoga, kamogelo, kgotsa go phitlhelelo. Tse pedi tsa ntlha gantsi di dirisiwa fa tlhogo ya Lefatshe e sa tlhokege go tlama lefatshe mo tumalanong, mme ya bofelo gantsi e diragala fa lefatshe le tsenelela tumalano e e setseng e dira. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glossary of terms relating to Treaty actions |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/Overview.aspx?path=overview/glossary/page1_en.xml#acceptance |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522074345/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/Overview.aspx?path=overview%2Fglossary%2Fpage1_en.xml#acceptance |archive-date=22 May 2019 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=United Nations Treaty Collection |language=EN}}</ref> Morago ga go amogelwa ke Bokopano jwa Yuropa, tumalano e ne ya bona makoko a a lekaneng go tsena mo tirisong ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ka 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=6 October 2016 |title=Explainer: Paris Agreement on climate change to 'enter into force' |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-paris-agreement-to-enter-into-force |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508084316/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-paris-agreement-to-enter-into-force |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> EU gotlhe le mafatshe a yone a maloko a na le boikarabelo, lefatshe lengwe le lengwe ka bolone go amogela Tumalano ya Paris. Go ne ga begwa gore EU le mafatshe a maloko a yone a le masome a mabedi le boferabobedi a ne dumalana ka nako e le nngwe go tlhomamisa gore ga a ineele mo go diragatseng maitlamo a e leng a maloko a mangwe fela, <ref name="eurat">{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=23 June 2016 |title=Explainer: When will the European Union ratify the Paris Agreement? |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-when-will-european-union-ratify-paris-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905103935/http://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-when-will-european-union-ratify-paris-agreement |archive-date=5 September 2016 |access-date=3 September 2016 |website=Carbon Brief}}</ref> mme go ne go na le poifo mo balebeleding gore go sa dumalane ka karolo ya lefatshe lengwe le lengwe le e leng leloko ka selekanyo sa go fokotsa mesi e e ntshiwang ya EU, ga mmogo le [[Vote to leave the EU|tshwetso ya Borithane go tlogela EU]] gore e ne e ka nna ya diya tumalano ya Paris.<ref name="Nature">{{Cite journal |last=Schiermeier |first=Quirin |date=4 October 2016 |title=Paris climate deal to take effect as EU ratifies accord |url=http://www.nature.com/news/paris-climate-deal-to-take-effect-as-eu-ratifies-accord-1.20735 |url-status=live |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/nature.2016.20735 |s2cid=158043198 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005125351/http://www.nature.com/news/paris-climate-deal-to-take-effect-as-eu-ratifies-accord-1.20735 |archive-date=5 October 2016 |access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, EU e ne ya tsenya didirisiwa tsa yone tsa go dumalana ka Phalane a le malatsi a le matlhano ngwaga wa 2016, mmogo le mafatshe a maloko a EU a le bosupa. <ref name="Nature" /> == Makoko == [[File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_greeting_the_President_of_Brazil,_Ms._Dilma_Rousseff,_during_Group_Photo_Session,_at_COP21_Summit,_in_Paris,_France_on_November_30,_2015.jpg|thumb|Tonakgolo ya India, Narendra Modi a dumedisa tautona wa Brazil, Dilma Rousseff, kwa morago Tonakgolo ya Portugal António Costa kwa Bokopanong jwa COP21 ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 2015]] === Mafatshe a a dumalaneng kgotsa a amogetse tumalano === EU le mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone, ba mmogo ba ntshang mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse di feta 98% ba dumalane kgotsa ba amogetse tumalano e. Mafatshe hela a a iseng a amogele ke a mangwe a a ntshang digase tsa digreenhouse kwa Botlhabagare : Iran ka 2% ya palogotlhe ya lefatshe e le yone e tona go gaisa. Libya le Yemen le bone ga ba ise ba amogele tumalano e. Eritrea ke lefatshe le le sha go amogela tumalano, ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a le bosupa ngwaga wa 2023. Lekwalo la bomasome a mabedi le boferabobedi le letla makoko go ikgogela morago mo tumalanong e morago ga go romela kitsiso ya go ikgogela morago kwa lefelong la polokelo . Kitsiso e ka neelwa mme e seng pele ga dingwaga di le tharo morago ga gore tumalano e tsene mo tirisong mo lefatsheng. Go ikgogela morago go simolola ngwaga o le mongwe morago ga gore motlhokomedi kwa lefelong la polokelo a itsisiwe. === Go ikgogela morago ga United States, go amogelwa gape, le go ikgogela morago gape === Ka Phatwe a le malatsi a le mane 2017, puso ya ga Trump e ne ya romela kitsiso ya semmuso kwa [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Ditšhabeng tse di Kopaneng]] gore United States, e leng lefatshe la bobedi le le ntshang digase tsa digreenhouse thata morago ga China, le ne le ikaeletse go ikgogela morago mo Tumalanong ya Paris ka bonako fela fa le letlelesega go dira jalo. <ref name="UScom">{{Cite web |date=8 August 2017 |title=Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification) |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815062938/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2017 |access-date=14 August 2017 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Kitsiso ya go ikgogela morago e ne e seka ya kgonega go romelwa go fitlhelela fa tumalano e dira dingwaga di le tharo mo US, ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2019. Puso ya United States e ne ya romela kitsiso e kwa go mokwaledimogolo wa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng mme ya ikgogela morago semmuso ngwaga o le mongwe morago ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2020. Tautona Joe Biden o ne a baya monwana taelo ya khuduthamaga mo letsatsing la gagwe la ntlha mo maemong a botautona, ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2021, gore go amogelwe United States gape mo Tumalanong ya Paris. Go selwa morago sebaka sa malatsi a le masome a mararo a a beilweng ke Lekwalo la 21.3, US e ne ya amogelwa gape mo tumalanong. Morongwa wa dikgang tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi United States John Kerry o ne a tsaya karolo mo ditiragalong tse mo maranyaneng , a re US e tla "berekela tsela ya yone ya go boela" go ikanyega mo thulaganyong ya Paris. Mokwaledimogolo wa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng António Guterres o ne a amogela go boa ga United States jaaka go busetsa "kgokagano e e latlhegileng e e koafaditseng gotlhe". Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2025, Tautona Donald Trump o ne a baya monwana taelo ya khuduthamaga gape e e neng e gogela US morago mo tumalanong e. Go ikgogela morago mo go ne ga simolola ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2026. 07wrxcemdmxffyp6gfgswm0iksxu9v9 53440 53411 2026-07-28T06:50:03Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "Content" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363166168|Paris Agreement]]" 53440 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tumalano ya Paris''' ( e gape e bidiwang '''Ditumalano tsa Paris''' kgotsa '''Ditumalano tsa Seemo sa Loapi tsa Paris''' ) ke tumalano ya boditšhabatšhaba ka ga [[Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi|phetogo ya seemo sa loapi]] e e neng ya bewa monwana ka 2016 . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> Tumalano e e akaretsa phokotso ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, [[Go lepalepana le seemo sa phetogo ya loapi|tlwaelo]], le tsa madi . Tumalano ya Paris e ne ya buisanwa ke makoko a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le borataro kwa Phuthegong ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ya 2015 gaufi le Paris, kwa Fora . Go ema ka Firikgong 2026, maloko a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone a Tumalano ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (UNFCCC) ke makoko a tumalano e. Mo mafatsheng a le mararo a e leng maloko a UNFCCC a a iseng a amogele tumalano e, ke Iran fela e e ntshang digase tse dintsi . United States, e leng lefatshe la bobedi le le ntshang digase tse dintsi, le ne la ikgogela morago mo tumalanong e ka 2020, <ref name="UScom">{{Cite web |date=8 August 2017 |title=Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification) |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815062938/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2017 |access-date=14 August 2017 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> la tsena gape ka 2021, <ref name=":20">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2021 |title=US makes official return to Paris climate pact |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/19/us-official-return-paris-climate-pact |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219091824/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/19/us-official-return-paris-climate-pact |archive-date=19 February 2021 |access-date=19 February 2021 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |via=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> mme la ikgogela morago gape ka 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Calma |first=Justine |date=20 January 2025 |title=Donald Trump pulls US out of Paris climate agreement |url=https://www.theverge.com/2025/1/20/24345964/donald-trump-paris-climate-agreement-exit |access-date=20 January 2025 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> Tumalano ya Paris e na le maikaelelo ka selekanyo sa mogote, e le a go baya palo ya tlhatlogo ya mogote wa boalogodimo jwa lefatshe kwa tlase thata ga {{Convert|2|C-change}} kwa godimo ga maemo a pele ga madirelo . Tumalano e gape e bolela gore go ka nna botoka gore selekanyo sa koketsego se nne {{Convert|1.5|C-change}} fela. Ditekanyetso tse di tlhalosiwa jaaka palogare ya mogote wa lefatshe jaaka di lekantswe mo dingwageng di le dintsi. <ref name=":21">{{Cite news|last1=Zhong|first1=Raymond|last2=Plumer|first2=Brad|last3=Rojanasakul|first3=Mira|date=10 January 2025|title=2024's Record-Breaking Heat Brought the World to a Dangerous Threshold. Now What?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/01/09/climate/2024-heat-record-climate-goal.html|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Fa selekanyo sa koketsego ya mogote se ya kwa tlase, go ka solofelwa ditlamorago tse dinnye tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi . Go fitlhelela maikaelelo a a selekanyo sa mogote, digase tse di ntshiwang mo digreenhouse di tshwanetse go fokodiwa ka bonako jo bo kgonegang, le ka bontsi jo bo kgonegang. Di tshwanetse go tlhoka go ntshiwa gotlhelele mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bomasome a mabedi le bongwe la dingwaga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNFCCC |title=The Paris Agreement |url=https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319205057/https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement |archive-date=19 March 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021 |website=unfccc.int}}</ref> Go nna kwa tlase ga 1.5{{Nbsp}}°C ya thuthafalo ya lefatshe, mesi e tshwanetse go fokodiwa ka mo e ka nnang sephatlo mo lekgolong (50%) ka 2030. Palo e e tsaya tsia ditsholofetso tse di kwadilweng tsa lefatshe lengwe le lengwe . <ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Schleussner |first=Carl-Friedrich |title=The Paris Agreement – the 1.5 °C Temperature Goal |url=https://climateanalytics.org/briefings/15c/ |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=Climate Analytics |language=en}}</ref> Fa Tumalano ya Paris e sena go bewa monwana, mesi ya lefatshe lotlhe e ne ya tswelela e tlhatloga go na le go wela tlase. <ref name=":21">{{Cite news|last1=Zhong|first1=Raymond|last2=Plumer|first2=Brad|last3=Rojanasakul|first3=Mira|date=10 January 2025|title=2024's Record-Breaking Heat Brought the World to a Dangerous Threshold. Now What?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/01/09/climate/2024-heat-record-climate-goal.html|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> 2024 e ne e le ngwaga o o mogote go gaisa, ka tlhatlogo e e fetang 1.5.&nbsp;°C mo palogareng ya mogoteng wa lefatshe. <ref name=":21" /> Tumalano e e ikaelela go thusa mafatshe go itlwaetsa go tshela le ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, le go kokoanya madi a a lekaneng. Mo tumalanong e, lefatshe lengwe le lengwe le tshwanetse go tlhomamisa, go rulaganya le go bega ka gangwe le gape ka seabe sa lone. Ga go na mokgwa ope o o pateletsang lefatshe go tlhoma dipalo tse di rileng tsa mesi e e le ntshang, mme fela palo ya lefatshe lengwe le lengwe e tshwanetse go feta dipalo tse di beilweng tsa nako e e fetileng . Ga di farologangwa le Tsamaiso ya Kyoto ya 1997, pharologano fa gare ga mafatshe a a tlhabologileng le a a santseng a tlhabologa ga e bonale sentle, mo e leng gore mafatshe a a santseng a tlhabologa le one a tshwanetse go romela maano a one a go fokotsa mesi. Tumalano ya Paris e ne ya bulelwa go bewa monwana ka Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2016 ( Letsatsi la Lefatshe ) kwa moletlong o o neng o tshwaretswe kwa ntlokgolong ya UN kwa New York City . Morago ga gore Bokopano jwa Yuropa bo amogele tumalano e, palo ya mafatshe e e lekaneng e ne e amogetse tumalano e e nang le maikarabelo a digase tse di lekaneng tsa lefatshe tsa gore tumalano e tsene tirisong ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2016. Baeteledipele ba mafatshe ba akgotse tumalano e. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=12 December 2015 |title=Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change – 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius |url=http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117141004/http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/ |archive-date=17 January 2016 |access-date=14 December 2015 |website=UN Climate Change Newsroom |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le kganetsano ka go bereka ga yone, fa baitseanape bangwe ba tikologo le basekaseki ba e kgala gore ga ya gagamala thata. Le fa ditsholofetso tse di ka fa tlase ga Tumalano ya Paris di sa lekana go fitlhelela maikaelelo a selekanyo sa mogote a a beilweng, go na le mokgwa wa go batla go oketsa keletso go fitlhelela se. Tumalano ya Paris e dirisitswe ka katlego mo dikgetsing tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo2010, mme se se pateletsa mafatshe le dikompone tsa lookwane go gagamatsa dikgato tsa go inaakanya le seemo sa loapi . <ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Corder |first=Mike |date=20 December 2019 |title=Activists cheer victory in landmark Dutch climate case |url=https://apnews.com/article/europe-the-hague-courts-supreme-courts-international-news-5534fe18ac5352ba43c74c9a64d6a20a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190944/https://apnews.com/article/europe-the-hague-courts-supreme-courts-international-news-5534fe18ac5352ba43c74c9a64d6a20a |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=2 July 2021 |website=AP news |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":19">{{Cite web |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=26 May 2021 |title=Court orders Royal Dutch Shell to cut carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/26/court-orders-royal-dutch-shell-to-cut-carbon-emissions-by-45-by-2030 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526142843/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/26/court-orders-royal-dutch-shell-to-cut-carbon-emissions-by-45-by-2030 |archive-date=26 May 2021 |access-date=26 May 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Maikaelelo == Maikaelelo a tumalano e, jaaka go tlhalositswe mo Lekwalong la bobedi, ke go nna le tsibogo e e maatla mo kotsing ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi; e batla go tokafatsa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga Tumalano ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ka go: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> Mafatshe gape a ikaelela go fitlhelela "setlhoa sa lefatshe lotlhe sa mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse ka bofefo jo bo kgonegang." <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212194411/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=UNFCCC secretariat}}</ref> == Tlhabololo == [[File:GUSTAVO-CAMACHO-GONZALEZ-L1060274_(23430273715).jpg|thumb|Ditlhogo tsa baemedi kwa Phuthego ya 2015 ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi kwa Paris]] === Ketapele === Tumalano ya Lekgotlana la UN ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (UNFCCC), e e amogetsweng kwa Bokopanong jwa Lefatshe jwa 1992 ke nngwe ya ditumalano tsa ntlha tsa boditšhabatšhaba ka ga setlhogo se. E tlhalosa gore makoko a tshwanetse go kopana gangwe le gape go emalana le phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, kwa Phuthegong ya Makoko kgotsa COP. E bopa motheo wa ditumalano tsa isago tsa seemo sa loapi. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=UN Climate Talks |url=https://www.cfr.org/timeline/un-climate-talks |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720114238/https://www.cfr.org/timeline/un-climate-talks |archive-date=20 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2021 |website=Council of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> Tsamaiso ya Kyoto, e e amogetsweng ka 1997, e ne ya laola phokotso ya digase tsa digreenhouse moafatsheng a le mmalwa go simolola ka 2008 go ya go 2012 . Tsamaiso e e ne ya atolosiwa go fitlha ka 2020 ka Paakanyo ya Doha ka 2012. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20653018|title=UN climate talks extend Kyoto Protocol, promise compensation|access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref> United States e ne ya wetsa ka gore e tsere tshwetso ya go seke go amogela Tsamaiso e, bogolo jang ka ntlha ya gore e ne e tlama.ka fa semolaong. Se, le kgotlhang ya phatlalatso, di ne tsa dira gore dipuosano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse di neng tsa latela tsa go laola phetogo ya seemo sa loapi di palelwe. Dipuisano tsa 2009 di ne di ikaeletse go tlhagisa tumalano e e latelelang ya Kyoto, fela dipuisano tsedi ne tsa phutlhama mme Tumalano ya Copenhagen e e neng ya tswa morago ga seo e ne e sa tlame ka semolao mme ga e a ka ya amogelwa lefatshe ka bophara. <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Falkner |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics |url=https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |url-status=live |journal=International Affairs |language=en |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=1107–1125 |doi=10.1111/1468-2346.12708 |issn=0020-5850 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603060439/https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |archive-date=3 June 2018 |access-date=7 March 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Richard J. T. |date=7 December 2020 |title=The Paris Agreement and the future of climate negotiations |url=https://www.sei.org/perspectives/paris-agreement-and-future-of-climate-negotiations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718165725/https://www.sei.org/perspectives/paris-agreement-and-future-of-climate-negotiations/ |archive-date=18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=Stockholm Environment Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> Tumalano e e ne ya baya motheo wa mokgwa wa go tswa kwa tlase go ya kwa godimo wa Tumalano ya Paris. <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Falkner |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics |url=https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |url-status=live |journal=International Affairs |language=en |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=1107–1125 |doi=10.1111/1468-2346.12708 |issn=0020-5850 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603060439/https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/5/1107/2688148 |archive-date=3 June 2018 |access-date=7 March 2021}}</ref> Ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa mokwaledi wa khuduthamaga wa UNFCCC Christiana Figueres, dipuisano di ne tsa simolola gape morago ga go palelwa ga Copenhagen . <ref>{{Cite news|last=McGrath|first=Matt|date=19 February 2016|title=UN climate chief Christiana Figueres to step down|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35612559|access-date=7 March 2021}}</ref> Ka nako ya Phuthego ya Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng ya 2011 ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi, lekgotlana la Durban le ne la tlhomiwa go buisana ka sedirisiwa sa semolao se se laolang dikgato tsa go fokotsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi go simolola ka 2020 . Lekgotlana le le ne le na le thomo ya go itsisiwe ka Pego ya Botlhano ya Tlhatlhobo ya IPCC le tiro ya mekgatlho e e tlaleletsang ya UNFCCC. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Orangias, Joseph |date=1 April 2022 |title=The Nexus between International Law and Science: An Analysis of Scientific Expert Bodies in Multilateral Treaty-Making |doi=10.1163/18719732-bja10068 |hdl=1887/3765960 |s2cid=248057340 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Tumalano e e neng ya nna teng e ne e tshwanetse go amogelwa ka 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNFCCC:Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) |url=http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6645.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802050511/http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6645.php |archive-date=2 August 2015 |access-date=2 August 2015}}</ref> === Dipuisano le kamogelo === [[File:Paris_agreement_signed.webm|thumb|Setshwantsho se bontsha Laurent Fabius a supa go amogelwa semmuso ga Tumalano ya Paris]] Dipuisano kwa Paris di ne tsa tshwarwa mo pakeng ya dibeke di le pedi, mme tsa tswelela mo masigong otlhe a mararo a bofelo. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Jepsen |first=Henrik |date=2021 |title=Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/negotiating-the-paris-agreement/660C5CB692E6AE32FE9244374CD1EF39 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-88624-6 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldenberg |first=Suzanne |date=12 December 2015 |title=Paris climate deal: nearly 200 nations sign in end of fossil fuel era |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/12/paris-climate-deal-200-nations-sign-finish-fossil-fuel-era |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726181643/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/12/paris-climate-deal-200-nations-sign-finish-fossil-fuel-era |archive-date=26 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Dikwalo tse di iseng di tlhomamisiwe le megopolo e e farologaneng e ne ya ngangisanwa le go tokafadiwa mo ngwageng o o fetileng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=7 September 2015 |title=Bonn climate talks ask for draft Paris text |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/bonn-climate-talks-ask-for-draft-paris-text |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718171321/https://www.carbonbrief.org/bonn-climate-talks-ask-for-draft-paris-text |archive-date=18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> Go ya ka motshwaedi mongwe ditsela tse pedi ka fa BaFora ba neng ba oketsa kgonagalo ya katlego e ne e le tse: ya ntlha go netefatsa gore Dikabelo tse di Ikaeletsweng tsa Setšhaba (INDCs) di weditswe pele ga tshimologo ya dipuisano, mme ya bobedi ya go laletsa baeteledipele fela go simolola phuthego.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2016 |title=The Paris Agreement is done! Let the negotiations begin? |url=https://ghginstitute.org/2016/02/24/the-paris-agreement-is-done-let-the-negotiations-begin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722120833/https://ghginstitute.org/2016/02/24/the-paris-agreement-is-done-let-the-negotiations-begin/ |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=22 July 2021 |website=GHG and Carbon Accounting, Auditing, Management & Training {{!}} Greenhouse Gas Management Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> Dipuisano di batlile di palelwa ka ntlha ya lefoko le le lengwe fela fa setlhopha sa semolao sa US se ne se lemoga ka motsotso wa bofelo gore "tlaa" o amogetswe, go na le "tshwanetse", se se rayang gore mafatshe a a tlhabologileng a tlaabo a tlamaga ka fa molaong go fokotsa mesi: BaFora ba ne a rarabolola bothata jo ka go bo fetola gore ke "phoso ya go kwala". <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2015 |title=How a 'typo' nearly derailed the Paris climate deal |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2015/dec/16/how-a-typo-nearly-derailed-the-paris-climate-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722135937/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2015/dec/16/how-a-typo-nearly-derailed-the-paris-climate-deal |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=22 July 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Kwa bokhutlong jwa COP21 (phuthego ya bomasome a mabedi le bongwe Bokopano jwa Makoko), ka Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2015, mafoko a bofelo a Tumalano ya Paris a ne a amogelwa ka tumalano ke mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le botlhano a a tsayang karolo a maloko a UNFCCC le Bokopano jwa Yuropa. <ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Sutter|first=John D.|date=12 December 2015|title=Final draft of climate deal formally accepted in Paris|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/12/world/global-climate-change-conference-vote/|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref> Nicaragua e ne ya supa fa e ne e batla go ganetsa go amogelwa mo ka ba ne ba kgala bokoa jwa tumalano, mme ba seka ba fiwa sebaka . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Watts |first=Joshua |last2=Depledge |first2=Joanna |year=2018 |title=Latin America in the climate change negotiations: Exploring the AILAC and ALBA coalitions |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wcc.533 |url-status=live |journal=WIREs Climate Change |volume=9 |issue=6 |bibcode=2018WIRCC...9E.533W |doi=10.1002/wcc.533 |s2cid=134228301 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715105140/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wcc.533 |archive-date=15 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |article-number=e533}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Fiona |author-link=Fiona Harvey |date=8 December 2020 |title=The Paris agreement five years on: Is it strong enough to avert climate catastrophe? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/08/the-paris-agreement-five-years-on-is-it-strong-enough-to-avert-climate-catastrophe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715105140/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/08/the-paris-agreement-five-years-on-is-it-strong-enough-to-avert-climate-catastrophe |archive-date=15 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mo tumalanong maloko a ne a solofetsa go fokotsa khabone e ba e ntshang " ka bonako jo bo kgonegang " le go dira bojotlhe jwa bone go baya thuthafalo ya lefatshe " kwa tlase thata ga 2°C " (3.6&nbsp;°F). <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/cop21-climate-change-talks-saturday-announced-1.3362354|title='Historic' Paris climate deal adopted|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=12 December 2015|publisher=CBC/Radio Canada|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref> === Go bewa monwana le go tsenngwa mo tirisong === Tumelano ya Paris e ne e buletswe go bewa monwana ke mafatshe le mekgatlho ya kgaolo ya kopanyo itsholelo e e leng makoko a UNFCCC (tumalano) go tloga Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2016 go fitlha ka Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bongwe ngwaga wa 2017 kwa Ntlokgolong ya UN kwa New York. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 20(1) |url=https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117143548/https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09.pdf |archive-date=17 November 2017 |access-date=17 November 2017 |website=UNFCCC.int}}</ref> Go bewa monwana ga tumalano ke kgato ya ntlha go ya kwa kamogelong, fela go a kgonega go amogela tumalano kwa ntle ga go e baya monwana. <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=19 April 2016 |title=Explainer: The adoption, signing and ratification of the UN climate deal |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508110450/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> E tlama makoko go se dire kgatlhanong le maikaelelo a tumalano. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Voigt |first=Christina |date=2017 |title=The Paris Agreement on Climate Change |editor-last=Klein |editor-first=Daniel |page=363 |chapter=Institutional Arrangements and Final Clauses}}</ref> Ka Moranang a le letsatsi le le lengwe ngwaga wa 2016, United States le China, tse di emelang palo e e ka tshwarang masome a mane mo lekgolong (40% ) ya mesi ya lefatshe di netefaditse gore di tla baya monwana Tumalano ya Paris ya Seemo sa Loapi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=31 March 2016 |title=Paris Climate Treaty: 'Significant step' as US and China agree to sign |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35935756?ocid=global_bbccom_email_31032016_top+news+stories |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423220344/http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35935756?ocid=global_bbccom_email_31032016_top+news+stories |archive-date=23 April 2016 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=BBC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/world/asia/obama-and-president-xi-of-china-vow-to-sign-paris-climate-accord-promptly.html|title=Obama and President Xi of China Vow to Sign Paris Climate Agreement Promptly|date=31 March 2016|last=Davenport|first=Coral|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Tumalano e e ne ya bewa monwana ke makoko a le lekgolo le masome a masupa le botlhano (mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a masupa le bone le Bokopano jwa Yuropa) ka letsatsi la ntlha le e neng ya bulwa go bewa monwana ka lone. <ref name="historic">{{Cite web |date=22 April 2016 |title='Today is an historic day,' says Ban, as 175 countries sign Paris climate accord |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53756#.VxqAYGNpr-Y |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629105154/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53756#.VxqAYGNpr-Y |archive-date=29 June 2017 |access-date=29 June 2017 |website=United Nations}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2016 |title=Paris Agreement Signature Ceremony |url=http://newsroom.unfccc.int/media/632121/list-of-representatives-to-high-level-signature-ceremony.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516205241/http://newsroom.unfccc.int/media/632121/list-of-representatives-to-high-level-signature-ceremony.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2017 |access-date=22 April 2016 |website=[[UNFCCC]]}}</ref> Go tloga ka Firikgong 2026, mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone le Bokopano jwa Yuropa di a beile tumalano e monwana. <ref name="depo2">{{Cite web |title=Paris Agreement |url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705141043/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |archive-date=5 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> [[File:Secretary_Kerry_Holds_Granddaughter_Dobbs-Higginson_on_Lap_While_Signing_COP21_Climate_Change_Agreement_at_UN_General_Assembly_Hall_in_New_York_(26512345421).jpg|left|thumb|Go baya tumalano monwana ke John Kerry kwa Ntlonglehalahala ya Phuthego ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya United States]] Tumalano e ne e tla tsena mo tirisong (mme ka jalo e simolole go bereka ka botlalo) fa mafatshe a le masome a matlhano le botlhano a a ntshang 55% ya mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse mo lefatsheng (go ya ka lenaaneo le le ntshitsweng ka 2015) <ref name="ratpct">{{Cite web |title=Information provided in accordance with paragraph 104 of decision 1 CP21 related to entry into force of the Paris Agreement (Article 21) |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10.pdf#page=30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221204004/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10.pdf#page=30 |archive-date=21 February 2016 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=UNFCCC}}</ref> a ka amogela kgotsa ka tsela nngwe a ka tsenelela tumalano e. <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=19 April 2016 |title=Explainer: The adoption, signing and ratification of the UN climate deal |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508110450/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-adoption-signing-and-ratification-of-the-un-climate-deal |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> Ditsela tse dingwe tsa go tsenelela tumalano e ke go e lemoga, kamogelo, kgotsa go phitlhelelo. Tse pedi tsa ntlha gantsi di dirisiwa fa tlhogo ya Lefatshe e sa tlhokege go tlama lefatshe mo tumalanong, mme ya bofelo gantsi e diragala fa lefatshe le tsenelela tumalano e e setseng e dira. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glossary of terms relating to Treaty actions |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/Overview.aspx?path=overview/glossary/page1_en.xml#acceptance |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522074345/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/Overview.aspx?path=overview%2Fglossary%2Fpage1_en.xml#acceptance |archive-date=22 May 2019 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=United Nations Treaty Collection |language=EN}}</ref> Morago ga go amogelwa ke Bokopano jwa Yuropa, tumalano e ne ya bona makoko a a lekaneng go tsena mo tirisong ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ka 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=6 October 2016 |title=Explainer: Paris Agreement on climate change to 'enter into force' |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-paris-agreement-to-enter-into-force |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508084316/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-paris-agreement-to-enter-into-force |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> EU gotlhe le mafatshe a yone a maloko a na le boikarabelo, lefatshe lengwe le lengwe ka bolone go amogela Tumalano ya Paris. Go ne ga begwa gore EU le mafatshe a maloko a yone a le masome a mabedi le boferabobedi a ne dumalana ka nako e le nngwe go tlhomamisa gore ga a ineele mo go diragatseng maitlamo a e leng a maloko a mangwe fela, <ref name="eurat">{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=23 June 2016 |title=Explainer: When will the European Union ratify the Paris Agreement? |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-when-will-european-union-ratify-paris-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905103935/http://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-when-will-european-union-ratify-paris-agreement |archive-date=5 September 2016 |access-date=3 September 2016 |website=Carbon Brief}}</ref> mme go ne go na le poifo mo balebeleding gore go sa dumalane ka karolo ya lefatshe lengwe le lengwe le e leng leloko ka selekanyo sa go fokotsa mesi e e ntshiwang ya EU, ga mmogo le [[Vote to leave the EU|tshwetso ya Borithane go tlogela EU]] gore e ne e ka nna ya diya tumalano ya Paris.<ref name="Nature">{{Cite journal |last=Schiermeier |first=Quirin |date=4 October 2016 |title=Paris climate deal to take effect as EU ratifies accord |url=http://www.nature.com/news/paris-climate-deal-to-take-effect-as-eu-ratifies-accord-1.20735 |url-status=live |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/nature.2016.20735 |s2cid=158043198 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005125351/http://www.nature.com/news/paris-climate-deal-to-take-effect-as-eu-ratifies-accord-1.20735 |archive-date=5 October 2016 |access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, EU e ne ya tsenya didirisiwa tsa yone tsa go dumalana ka Phalane a le malatsi a le matlhano ngwaga wa 2016, mmogo le mafatshe a maloko a EU a le bosupa. <ref name="Nature" /> == Makoko == [[File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_greeting_the_President_of_Brazil,_Ms._Dilma_Rousseff,_during_Group_Photo_Session,_at_COP21_Summit,_in_Paris,_France_on_November_30,_2015.jpg|thumb|Tonakgolo ya India, Narendra Modi a dumedisa tautona wa Brazil, Dilma Rousseff, kwa morago Tonakgolo ya Portugal António Costa kwa Bokopanong jwa COP21 ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 2015]] === Mafatshe a a dumalaneng kgotsa a amogetse tumalano === EU le mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone, ba mmogo ba ntshang mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse di feta 98% ba dumalane kgotsa ba amogetse tumalano e. Mafatshe hela a a iseng a amogele ke a mangwe a a ntshang digase tsa digreenhouse kwa Botlhabagare : Iran ka 2% ya palogotlhe ya lefatshe e le yone e tona go gaisa. Libya le Yemen le bone ga ba ise ba amogele tumalano e. Eritrea ke lefatshe le le sha go amogela tumalano, ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a le bosupa ngwaga wa 2023. Lekwalo la bomasome a mabedi le boferabobedi le letla makoko go ikgogela morago mo tumalanong e morago ga go romela kitsiso ya go ikgogela morago kwa lefelong la polokelo . Kitsiso e ka neelwa mme e seng pele ga dingwaga di le tharo morago ga gore tumalano e tsene mo tirisong mo lefatsheng. Go ikgogela morago go simolola ngwaga o le mongwe morago ga gore motlhokomedi kwa lefelong la polokelo a itsisiwe. === Go ikgogela morago ga United States, go amogelwa gape, le go ikgogela morago gape === Ka Phatwe a le malatsi a le mane 2017, puso ya ga Trump e ne ya romela kitsiso ya semmuso kwa [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Ditšhabeng tse di Kopaneng]] gore United States, e leng lefatshe la bobedi le le ntshang digase tsa digreenhouse thata morago ga China, le ne le ikaeletse go ikgogela morago mo Tumalanong ya Paris ka bonako fela fa le letlelesega go dira jalo. <ref name="UScom">{{Cite web |date=8 August 2017 |title=Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification) |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815062938/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2017 |access-date=14 August 2017 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Kitsiso ya go ikgogela morago e ne e seka ya kgonega go romelwa go fitlhelela fa tumalano e dira dingwaga di le tharo mo US, ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2019. Puso ya United States e ne ya romela kitsiso e kwa go mokwaledimogolo wa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng mme ya ikgogela morago semmuso ngwaga o le mongwe morago ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2020. Tautona Joe Biden o ne a baya monwana taelo ya khuduthamaga mo letsatsing la gagwe la ntlha mo maemong a botautona, ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2021, gore go amogelwe United States gape mo Tumalanong ya Paris. Go selwa morago sebaka sa malatsi a le masome a mararo a a beilweng ke Lekwalo la 21.3, US e ne ya amogelwa gape mo tumalanong. Morongwa wa dikgang tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi United States John Kerry o ne a tsaya karolo mo ditiragalong tse mo maranyaneng , a re US e tla "berekela tsela ya yone ya go boela" go ikanyega mo thulaganyong ya Paris. Mokwaledimogolo wa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng António Guterres o ne a amogela go boa ga United States jaaka go busetsa "kgokagano e e latlhegileng e e koafaditseng gotlhe". Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2025, Tautona Donald Trump o ne a baya monwana taelo ya khuduthamaga gape e e neng e gogela US morago mo tumalanong e. Go ikgogela morago mo go ne ga simolola ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2026. == Diteng == === Popego === Tumalano ya Paris ke tumalano e khutshwane e e nang le ditemana di le lesome le borataro tsa matseno le makwalo/dikwalo di le masome a mabedi le boferabongwe. E na le dikwalo tsa tsamaiso (tse di akaretsang, ka sekai, tse di tlhokegang go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga yone) le dikwalo tsa tiriso (tse di akaretsang, ka sekai, phokotso, [[Go lepalepana le seemo sa phetogo ya loapi|go tlwaela]] le tsa madi). Ke tumalano e e tlamang, mme bontsi jwa dikwalo tsa yone ga di bewe jaaka maitlamo kgotsa di teng go tlhofofatsa tirisanommogo ya boditšhabatšhaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Savaresi |first=Annalisa |date=2016 |title=The Paris Agreement: a new beginning? |url=https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/24099/1/ParisAgreementANewBeginning.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=16–26 |bibcode=2016JENRL..34...16S |doi=10.1080/02646811.2016.1133983 |hdl=1893/24099 |issn=0264-6811 |s2cid=146999274 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724140207/https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/24099/1/ParisAgreementANewBeginning.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2021 |access-date=24 July 2021 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> E akaretsa bontsi jwa mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse, fela ga e dire mo go tsa difofane tsa boditšhabatšhaba le dikepe, tse di welang ka fa tlase ga maikarabelo a Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Difofane le Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Mawatle, ka go latelana. <ref>{{Cite book |last=[[Andrew Dessler]] |year=2020 |title=The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change: A Guide to the Debate |last2=Edward A Parson |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-316-63132-4 |pages=190–191}}</ref> Tumalano ya Paris e tlhalositswe jaaka e e nang le popego ya go tswa kwa tlase go ya kwa godimo, jaaka fa mokgwa wa yone wa konokono wa tsholofetso le tshekatsheko o letla ditšhaba go ipeela seelo sa seabe sa tsone tse di tlhomamisitsweng ke setšhaba (di-NDC), go na le go nna le dielo tse di beilweng go tswa kwa godimo go ya kwa tlase. <ref name="Falkner">{{Cite journal |last=Robert Falkner |author-link=Robert Falkner |year=2016 |title=The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics |url=https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/67741/ |url-status=live |journal=[[International Affairs (journal)|International Affairs]] |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=1107–1125 |doi=10.1111/1468-2346.12708 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030043759/https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/67741/ |archive-date=30 October 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=[[Andrew Dessler]] |year=2020 |title=The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change: A Guide to the Debate |last2=Edward A Parson |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-316-63132-4 |pages=28, 137–148, 175–179}}</ref> Go farologana le e e tlileng pele ga yone, e leng Tsamaiso ya Kyoto, e e tlhomang dielo tsa go nna le seabe tse di nang le maatla a semolao, Tumalano ya Paris, ka kgatelelo ya yone mo go ageng tumalano, e letla dielo tsa boithaopo le tse di tlhomamisitsweng ke setšhaba. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Taraska |first=Gwynne |date=15 December 2015 |title=The Paris Climate Agreement |url=https://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/15030725/ParisClimateAgreement.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118224648/https://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/15030725/ParisClimateAgreement.pdf |archive-date=18 November 2016 |publisher=Center for American Progress}}</ref> Ka jalo maikaelelo a go lwantsha phetogo ya seemo sa loapi a rotloediwa ka sepolotiki, go na le go tlamiwa ka semolao. Ke fela dithulaganyo tse di laolang go dira dipego le tshekatsheko ya maikaelelo a a beilweng di leng ka fa tlase ga molao wa boditšhabatšhaba . Popego e kgethegile thata mo lefatsheng la United States ka gore ga gona diphokotso tsa semolao kgotsa dielo tsa madi, tumalano e tsewa jaaka "tumalano ya khuduthamaga go na le tumalano". Ka gore tumalano ya UNFCCC ya 1992 e ne ya amogela tumelelo ya Senate ya United States, tumalano e e ntšha e ga e tlhoke melao e mengwe. <ref name=":2" /> Pharologano e nngwe ya botlhokwa magareng ga Tumalano ya Paris le Tsamaiso ya Kyoto ke botona jwa go dira ga tsone. Tsamaiso ya Kyoto e ne e farologanya magareng ga Setlhopa-I, mafatshe a a humileng a a nang le maikarabelo a ditso a phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, le mafatshe a a seng mo Setlhopha-I, mme fela go kgaoganya mafatshe mo go nyeleditswe mo Tumalanong ya Paris ka gore makoko otlhe a tlhoka go romela maano a phokotso ya mesi/digase. <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|author=Sinha|title=Paris climate talks: Differentiation of developed and developing stays, India happy}}</ref> Tumalano ya Paris e sa ntse e gatelela molaomotheo wa Boikarabelo jo bo Tshwanang mme bo Farologane le Bokgoni jo bo Farologaneng- go lemoga gore ditšhaba tse di farologaneng di na le bokgoni le maikarabelo a a farologaneng mo dikgatong tsa go lwantsha phetogo ya seemo sa loapi - mme ga e kgaoganye ditšhaba gore tse di tlhabologileng le tse di santseng di tlhabologang. <ref name=":3" /> === Ditsholofetso tsa ditšhaba tse di tlhomamisitsweng === [[File:Probability_that_countries_achieve_their_Paris_Agreement_Goals_according_to_their_nationally_determined_contributions_(NDCs).webp|thumb|Kgonagalo ya gore mafatshe a fitlhelele Maikaelelo a one a Tumalano ya Paris go ya ka seabe sa ditšhaba se se tlhomamisitsweng go tloga ka 2021 ( di-NDC ) ]] Mafatshe a itlhophela ka boone gore ke efe karolo e ba tshwanetseng go e tsaya go fitlhelela maikaelelo a tumalano. Ka jalo, maano a a bidiwa a ''ditsholofetso tsa go tsaya karolo mo go tlhomamisitsweng ke setšhaba'' (di-NDC). Lekwalo la boraro le tlhoka gore di-NDC e nne "maiteko a a nang le maikaelelo a a kwa godimo" go ya kwa "go fitlheleleng maikaelelo a Tumalano e" le go "go fitlhelela tswelelopele mo tsamaong ya nako". <ref name="Article3" /> Ditsholofetso tsa setšhaba di tshwanetse go bewa dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le tlhano mme di tshwanetse tsa kwadisiwa ke Bokwaledi jwa UNFCCC . Maikaelelo mangwe le mangwe a a tswelelang a tshwanetse go nna matona mo go feta a a fetileng, a a itsegeng jaaka molawana wa ''tswelelopele'' . Mafatshe a ka dirisana mmogo go kopanya ditsholofetso tsa tse di tlhomamisitsweng ke ditšhaba. Maikano a go tsaya karolo a a Ikaeletsweng gape a Tlhomamisitswe ke Setšhaba a a solofeditsweng ka nako ya Phuthego ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ya 2015 a fetolelwa go nna di-NDC fa lefatshe le amogela Tumalano ya Paris, fa e se fela le ka romela diphetogo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Taibi |first=Fatima-Zahra |year=2020 |title=Pocket Guide to NDCs: 2020 Edition |url=https://ecbi.org/sites/default/files/2020%20Pocket%20Guide%20to%20NDCs.pdf |last2=Konrad |first2=Susanne |last3=Bois von Kursk |first3=Olivier |publisher=European Capacity Building Initiative |editor-last=Sharma |editor-first=Anju |page=1 |access-date=15 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417170754/https://ecbi.org/sites/default/files/2020%20Pocket%20Guide%20to%20NDCs.pdf |archive-date=17 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=22 November 2019 |title=National Climate Action under the Paris Agreement |url=https://www.wri.org/ndcs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513062710/https://www.wri.org/ndcs |archive-date=13 May 2021 |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=World Resources Institute |language=en}}</ref> Tumalano ya Paris ga e laele mofuta o o tlhomameng wa di-NDC. Mme fela, di tshwanetse go nna le dielo tsa phokotso, gape di ka nna le ditsholofetso ka go tlwaela seemo, tsa madi, dithomelo tsa maranyane, bokgoni jwa kago le go dira dilo mo pepeneneng. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Taibi |first=Fatima-Zahra |year=2020 |title=Pocket Guide to NDCs: 2020 Edition |url=https://ecbi.org/sites/default/files/2020%20Pocket%20Guide%20to%20NDCs.pdf |last2=Konrad |first2=Susanne |last3=Bois von Kursk |first3=Olivier |publisher=European Capacity Building Initiative |editor-last=Sharma |editor-first=Anju |page=17 |access-date=15 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417170754/https://ecbi.org/sites/default/files/2020%20Pocket%20Guide%20to%20NDCs.pdf |archive-date=17 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditsholofetso tse di mo di-NDC ga laolwe ke diemo, fela tse dingwe di ikaegile ka dintlha tsa kwa ntle tse di tshwanang le go bona dithuso tsa madi le tshegetso ya setegeniki, keletso go tswa mo makokong a mangwe kgotsa dintlha tsa melawana ya Tumalano ya Paris tse di santseng di tla bewa. Bontsi jwa di-NDC di na le karolo ya diemo. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Taibi |first=Fatima-Zahra |year=2020 |title=Pocket Guide to NDCs: 2020 Edition |url=https://ecbi.org/sites/default/files/2020%20Pocket%20Guide%20to%20NDCs.pdf |last2=Konrad |first2=Susanne |last3=Bois von Kursk |first3=Olivier |publisher=European Capacity Building Initiative |editor-last=Sharma |editor-first=Anju |pages=32–33 |access-date=15 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417170754/https://ecbi.org/sites/default/files/2020%20Pocket%20Guide%20to%20NDCs.pdf |archive-date=17 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Le fa di-NDC ka botsone di sa tlame, ditsamaiso tse di di dikologileng di a tlama. Ditsamaiso tse di akaretsa maitlamo a go baakanya, go buisana le go tlhokomela di-NDC tse di latelanang, go tlhoma tse disha dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le tlhano, le go tlamela ka tshedimosetso ka ga go tsenngwa mo tirisong. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodansky |first=Daniel |date=2016 |title=The Legal Character of the Paris Agreement |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/reel.12154 |url-status=live |journal=Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law |language=en |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=142–150 |bibcode=2016RECIE..25..142B |doi=10.1111/reel.12154 |issn=2050-0394 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318073355/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/reel.12154 |archive-date=18 March 2021 |access-date=7 March 2021}}</ref> Ga go na mokgwa wa go pateletsa <ref name="reguly2015">{{Cite news|last=Reguly|first=Eric|date=14 December 2015|title=Paris climate accord marks shift toward low-carbon economy|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/optimism-in-paris-as-final-draft-of-global-climate-deal-tabled/article27739122/|access-date=14 December 2015}}</ref> lefatshe go tlhoma seelo sa NDC sa nako e e rileng, le fa e le go fitlhelela seelo sa bone. <ref name="BBC-Kinver">{{Cite web |last=Mark |first=Kinver |date=14 December 2015 |title=COP21: What does the Paris climate agreement mean for me? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35092127 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214130942/http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35092127 |archive-date=14 December 2015 |access-date=14 December 2015 |website=BBC News |publisher=BBC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/13/world/europe/climate-change-accord-paris.html|title=Nations Approve Landmark Climate Accord in Paris|last=Davenport|first=Coral|date=12 December 2015|access-date=14 December 2015}}</ref> Go tla nna fela le tsamaiso ya go buiwa ka leina le go tlhabisiwa ditlhong <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chauhan |first=Chetan |date=14 December 2015 |title=Paris climate deal: What the agreement means for India and the world |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/paris-climate-deal-what-the-agreement-means-for-india-and-the-world/story-U7TWH8dusBqRV8pzmqDG8M.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214182821/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/paris-climate-deal-what-the-agreement-means-for-india-and-the-world/story-U7TWH8dusBqRV8pzmqDG8M.html |archive-date=14 December 2015 |access-date=14 December 2015 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> kgotsa jaaka János Pásztor, mothusa mokwaledi-mogolo wa pele wa UN ka ga phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, a ne a bolela, leano la "go buiwa ka leina le go rotloetswa". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Falk |first=Pamela |date=12 December 2015 |title=Climate negotiators strike deal to slow global warming |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cop21-climate-change-conference-final-draft-historic-plan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151213054835/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cop21-climate-change-conference-final-draft-historic-plan/ |archive-date=13 December 2015 |access-date=14 December 2015 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> === Dipalo tsa lefatshe ka bophara === Ka fa tlase ga Tumalano ya Paris, mafatshe a tshwanetse go oketsa keletso ya yone ya go fitlhelela Tumalano dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le tlhano. Go diragatsa se, tumalano e tlhomile Global Stocktake, e e sekasekang tswelelopele, ka tshekatsheko ya ntlha ka 2023. Maduo a tlaabo a dirisiwa mo ditsholofelotsong tse disha tse di tlhomamisitsweng tsa setšhaba tsa makoko. <ref>article 14 {{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=12 December 2015 |title=Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212201810/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |website=United Nations FCCC Int. |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Puisano ya Talanoa ka 2018 e ne ya bonwa jaaka sekai sa go tsewa ga dipalo mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Morago ga ngwaga wa dipuisano, go ne ga gatisiwa pego mme ga nna le pitso ya gore go tsewe kgato, mme mafatshe a ne a seke a oketsa keletso ya yone morago ga moo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hermwille |first=Lukas |last2=Siemons |first2=Anne |last3=Förster |first3=Hannah |last4=Jeffery |first4=Louise |date=2019 |title=Catalyzing mitigation ambition under the Paris Agreement: elements for an effective Global Stocktake |journal=Climate Policy |volume=19 |issue=8 |pages=988–1001 |bibcode=2019CliPo..19..988H |doi=10.1080/14693062.2019.1624494 |hdl=1871.1/cbd8cb40-3d5d-41b6-9c79-1afdd987554f |issn=1469-3062 |s2cid=197773078 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Go tsewa ga dipalo go dira jaaka karolo ya maiteko a Tumalano ya Paris a go tlhama "go tlhatloga" ga keletso ya go fokotsa mesi/digase. Ka gore basekaseki ba ne ba dumalana ka 2014 gore di-NDC ga di kake tsa lekanyetsa dipalo tsa mogote yo o tlhatlogang kwa tlase ga 2&nbsp;°C, go tsaya dipalo ga lefatshe ka bophara go kopanya gape makoko go sekaseka ka fa di-NDC tsa bona tse disha di tshwanetseng go fetoga ka teng gore di tswelele go supa "keletso e e kwa godimo e e kgonegang" ya lefatshe.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=19 January 2016 |title=The Paris Agreement 'Ratchet Mechanism' |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/timeline-the-paris-agreements-ratchet-mechanism |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119055158/https://www.carbonbrief.org/timeline-the-paris-agreements-ratchet-mechanism |archive-date=19 November 2016 |website=Carbon Brief}}</ref> Le fa go tlhatlosa keletso ya di-NDC e le maikaelelo a matona a go tsaya dipalo ga lefatshe ka bophara, go sekaseka maiteko a a fetang go fokotsa. Ditshekatsheko tsa dingwaga di le tlhano di tla sekaseka gape go tlwaela, dipeeletso tsa madi a a thusang ka dikgang tsa seemo sa loapi, le tlhabololo le phetogo ya tiriso ya maranyane.<ref name=":1" /> Ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le masome a mararo ngwaga wa 2023, Phuthego ya Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (COP28) e simolotse kwa Dubai ka dipitso tse di ntšhwafaditsweng tsa maiteko a a okeditsweng a dikgato tsa go baakanya seemo sa loapi. === Dikarolo tsa phokotso le mebaraka ya khabone === Lekwalo la borataro le tshwailwe jaaka le le nang le dingwe tsa dikarolo tsa botlhokwa tsa Tumalano ya Paris. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=20 May 2016 |title=Article 6 Implementation Paper |url=http://www.ieta.org/resources/Resources/Position_Papers/2016/IETA_Article_6_Implementation_Paper_May2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017115236/http://ieta.org/resources/Resources/Position_Papers/2016/IETA_Article_6_Implementation_Paper_May2016.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2016 |website=International Emissions Trading Association}}</ref> Ka kakaretso, le tlhalosa mekgwa ya tirisanommogo e makoko a ka e tsayang go fitlhelela diphokotso tsa bone tsa mesi ya khabone tse di tlhomamisitsweng ke setšhaba. Ka go dira jalo, le thusa go tlhoma Tumalano ya Paris jaaka motheo wa mmaraka wa lefatshe wa khabone. <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Stavins |first=Robert |year=2016 |title=Market Mechanisms in the Paris Climate Agreement: International Linkage under Article 6.2 |url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/2016-10_paris-agreement-beyond_v4.pdf#page=59 |journal=Harvard Project on Climate Agreements |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119062203/http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/2016-10_paris-agreement-beyond_v4.pdf#page=59 |archive-date=19 November 2016 |access-date=18 November 2016}}</ref> Lekwalo la borataro ke lone fela karolo e e botlhokwa ya tumalano e e sa ntseng e tshwanetse go rarabololwa; dipuisano ka 2019 ga di a ntsha maduo.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |last2=Gabbatiss |first2=John |date=29 November 2019 |title=In-depth Q&A: How 'Article 6' carbon markets could 'make or break' the Paris Agreement |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-q-and-a-how-article-6-carbon-markets-could-make-or-break-the-paris-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420143355/https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-q-and-a-how-article-6-carbon-markets-could-make-or-break-the-paris-agreement |archive-date=20 April 2020 |access-date=7 March 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> Kgang e e ne ya rarabololwa ka nako ya COP26 ya 2021 kwa Glasgow . Mokgwa, wa "phetolo e tsamaelanang", o ile wa tlhongwa go itsa go bala dipalo tsa mesi e e ntshiwang ga bedi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Explainer: Article 6 |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2022/05/17/what-you-need-to-know-about-article-6-of-the-paris-agreement |access-date=26 January 2023 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> ==== Kgolaganyo ya dithulaganyo tsa kgwebo ya khabone le di-ITMO ==== Ditemana 6.2 le 6.3 di tlhoma motheo wa go laola dithomelo tsa boditšhabatšhaba tsa maduo a phokotso (di-ITMO). Tumalano e e lemoga ditshwanelo tsa makoko go dirisa mananeo a diphokotso tsa mesi kwa ntle ga melelwane ya bone go ya kwa NDC ya bone, mo thulaganyong ya dipalo tsa khabone le kgwebo. <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Stavins |first=Robert |year=2016 |title=Market Mechanisms in the Paris Climate Agreement: International Linkage under Article 6.2 |url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/2016-10_paris-agreement-beyond_v4.pdf#page=59 |journal=Harvard Project on Climate Agreements |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119062203/http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/2016-10_paris-agreement-beyond_v4.pdf#page=59 |archive-date=19 November 2016 |access-date=18 November 2016}}</ref> Karolo e e tlhoka "kgolaganyo" ya dithulaganyo tsa kgwebo ka mesi ya khabone - ka gore diphokotso tse di lekantsweng tsa mesi di tshwanetse go tila "go balwa gabedi", maduo a phokotso a tshwanetse go kwalwa jaaka poelo ya diyuniti tsa mesi mo letlhakoreng le lengwe le phokotso ya diyuniti tsa mesi mo go le lengwe, <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=20 May 2016 |title=Article 6 Implementation Paper |url=http://www.ieta.org/resources/Resources/Position_Papers/2016/IETA_Article_6_Implementation_Paper_May2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017115236/http://ieta.org/resources/Resources/Position_Papers/2016/IETA_Article_6_Implementation_Paper_May2016.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2016 |website=International Emissions Trading Association}}</ref> se se bidiwang "paakanyo e e tsamaelanang". Ka ntlha ya gore di-NDC, le ditshetlana tsa kgwebo ya khabone tsa selegae, ga di tshwane, di-ITMO di tla tlamela ka sebopego sa kgolagano ya lefatshe ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo ya UNFCCC. <ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Marcu |first=Andrei |year=2016 |title=The Paris agreement and beyond |url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/2016-10_paris-agreement-beyond_v4.pdf#page=53 |publisher=Harvard Project on Climate Agreements |editor-last=Stavins |editor-first=Robert |chapter=Governance of Carbon Markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement |access-date=18 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119062203/http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/2016-10_paris-agreement-beyond_v4.pdf#page=53 |archive-date=19 November 2016}}</ref> Ka jalo gape karolo e e dira gore mafatshe a nne le kgatelelo ya go dirisa dithulaganyo tsa go laola mesi{{snd}} fa lefatshe le batla go dirisa mekgwa ya tirisanommogo e e somarelang ditshenyegelo go fitlhelela di-NDC tsa lone, le tla tshwanelwa ke go ela tlhoko diyuniti tsa khabone tsa diitsholelo tsa bone. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hone |first=David |date=16 May 2016 |title=A Vision for Article 6 of the Paris Agreement |url=http://www.theenergycollective.com/davidhone/2378184/a-vision-for-article-6-of-the-paris-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120003330/http://www.theenergycollective.com/davidhone/2378184/a-vision-for-article-6-of-the-paris-agreement |archive-date=20 November 2016 |website=The Energy Collective}}</ref> Go fitlha mo bogompienong, jaaka lefatshe le le nosi le le batlang go reka di-ITMO, Switzerland e beile monwana ditumalano mabapi le kgwebo ya di-ITMO le Peru, Ghana, Senegal, Georgia, Dominica, Vanuatu, Thailand le Ukraine. {| class="wikitable" !Lefatshe !Letsatsi la go bewa monwana !Motswedi |- |Peru |Phalane a le masome a mabedi, 2020 | |- |Ghana |Ngwanatseele a le masome a mabedi le boraro, 2020 | |- |Senegal |Phukwi a le malatsi a le marataro, 2021 | |- |Georgia |Phalane a le lesome le boferabobedi, 2021 | |- |Dominika |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le bongwe, 2021 | |- |Vanuatu |Ngwanatseele a le lesome le bongwe, 2021 |<ref name="bafu-CH" /> |- |Thailand |Seetebosigo a le masome a mabedi le bone, 2022 |<ref name="bafu-CH" /> |- |Ukraine |Phukwi a le bone, 2022 |<ref name="bafu-CH" /> |} ==== Mokgwa wa Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang ==== Ditemana 6.4 –6.7 di tlhoma mokgwa "wa go nna le seabe mo phokotsong ya digase tsa digreenhouse le go tshegetsa tlhabololo e e tswelelang". Le fa go ise go nne le leina la semmuso la mokgwa o go fitlha mo bogompienong, o ntse o bidiwa Mokgwa wa Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang kgotsa SDM. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |last2=Gabbatiss |first2=John |date=29 November 2019 |title=In-depth Q&A: How 'Article 6' carbon markets could 'make or break' the Paris Agreement |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-q-and-a-how-article-6-carbon-markets-could-make-or-break-the-paris-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420143355/https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-q-and-a-how-article-6-carbon-markets-could-make-or-break-the-paris-agreement |archive-date=20 April 2020 |access-date=7 March 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}</ref> SDM e tsewa fa e latelela Mokgwa wa Tlhabololo e e Phepa, e leng mokgwa o o ka fa tlase ga Tsamaiso ya Kyoto o ka one makoko a ka dirisanang mmogo go fokotsa mesi . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kachi |first=Aki |date=May 2017 |title=Building blocks for a robust Sustainable Development Mechanism |url=https://carbonmarketwatch.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/BUILDING-BLOCKS-FOR-A-ROBUST-SUSTAINABLE-DEVELOPMENT-MECHANISM_WEB-SINGLE_FINAL.pdf |last2=Voigt |first2=Juliane |publisher=Carbon Market Watch |page=2 |access-date=4 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425061559/https://carbonmarketwatch.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/BUILDING-BLOCKS-FOR-A-ROBUST-SUSTAINABLE-DEVELOPMENT-MECHANISM_WEB-SINGLE_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> SDM e rulagantswe go tshwana thata le Mokgwa wa Tlhabololo e e Phepa, ka maikaelelo a mabedi a go nna le seabe mo phokotsong ya mesi ya GHG ya lefatshe le go tshegetsa tlhabololo e e tswelelang. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Marcu |first=Andrei |date=January 2016 |title=Carbon Market Provisions in the Paris Agreement (Article 6) |url=https://www.ceps.eu/download/publication/?id=9274&pdf=SR%20No%20128%20ACM%20Post%20COP21%20Analysis%20of%20Article%206.pdf |publisher=Centre for Europe and Policy Studies |isbn=978-94-6138-501-7 |page=13 |access-date=15 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702140041/https://www.ceps.eu/download/publication/?id=9274&pdf=SR%20No%20128%20ACM%20Post%20COP21%20Analysis%20of%20Article%206.pdf |archive-date=2 July 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Le fa popego le dithulaganyo tse di laolang SDM di ise di tlhomamisege, go tshwana le dipharologano tse di rileng go tswa mo Mekgweng ya Tlhabololo e e Phepa di setse di bonala sentle. Pharologanyo e tona ke gore SDM e tla nna teng mo makokong otlhe go na le mo makokong a Setlhopha-I fela, mme se se dira gore e nne bophara thata . Mokgwa wa Tlhabololo e e Phepa wa Tsamaiso ya Kyoto o ne wa kgalwa ka ntlha ya go palelwa ke go dira diphokotso a mesi tse di nang le bokao kgotsa dipoelo tsa tlhabololo e e tswelelang mo makgethong a le mantsi. le ka ntlha ya go nna matswakabele ga yone. Go a kgonega gore SDM e tlaa bona mathata. <ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Marcu |first=Andrei |year=2016 |title=The Paris agreement and beyond |url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/2016-10_paris-agreement-beyond_v4.pdf#page=53 |publisher=Harvard Project on Climate Agreements |editor-last=Stavins |editor-first=Robert |chapter=Governance of Carbon Markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement |access-date=18 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119062203/http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/2016-10_paris-agreement-beyond_v4.pdf#page=53 |archive-date=19 November 2016}}</ref> === Dikarolo tsa go itlwaetsa go tshela le phetogo ya seemo sa loapi === [[Go lepalepana le seemo sa phetogo ya loapi|Go tlwaela go tshela le seemo sa phetogo ya loapi]] go ne ga nna mogopolo o go remelelwang mo go one kwa dipuisanong tsa Paris go na le mo ditumalanong tse di fetileng tsa seemo sa loapi. Maikaelelo a a kopanetsweng, a paka e telele a go tlwaela seemo a akareditswe mo tumalanong, mme mafatshe a tshwanetse go bega ka ga ditiro tsa one tsa go tlwaela go tshela le seemo, go e dira karolo e e tsamaelanang le phokotso. <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Mogelgaard |first=Kathleen |date=23 December 2015 |title=What Does the Paris Agreement Mean for Climate Resilience and Adaptation |url=http://www.wri.org/blog/2015/12/what-does-paris-agreement-mean-climate-resilience-and-adaptation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119060408/http://www.wri.org/blog/2015/12/what-does-paris-agreement-mean-climate-resilience-and-adaptation |archive-date=19 November 2016}}</ref> Maikaelelo a tlwaelo a tsepamisitse mogopolo mo go tokafatseng bokgoni jwa go tlwaela, go oketsa maatla a go itepatepanya le seemo, le go fokotsa go nna mo kotsing . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morgan |first=Jennifer |date=12 December 2015 |title=The Paris Agreement: Turning Point for a Climate Solution |url=http://www.wri.org/blog/2015/12/paris-agreement-turning-point-climate-solution |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119055526/http://www.wri.org/blog/2015/12/paris-agreement-turning-point-climate-solution |archive-date=19 November 2016}}</ref> fbj1w5nxp5x8nf0ry32qqfb5nzwa9t4 Lobatse (Kgaolo ya Botlhophi) 0 14718 53391 2026-07-27T18:19:16Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW Ke ranotse tsebe ya Lobatse (Kgaolo ya Botlhophi) 53391 wikitext text/x-wiki Lobatse ke kgaolo e e emetsweng mo [[Khuduthamageng ya Botswana]] e emetswe ke [[Kamal Jacobs]] wa [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone. == Popego ya Kgaolo == Kgaolo e e tlhamilwe ka ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone, ka lebaka la go oketsega ga ditoropo tsa Botswana, ka go aroganngwa ga Lobatse/Barolong mo dikgaolong tse pedi tsa ditlhopho. Setlhopha se se tlhophang se akaretsa toropo ya Lobatse le kgaolo ya yona ya selegae. <ref>[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 DELIMINATION COMMISSION REPORT](PDF).2022.</ref>Go tloga ka go tlhamiwa ga yone go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (fa BDP e e fenya), Lobatse e ne e le lefelo le le babalesegileng la BNF. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe Mopalamente [[Nehemiah Modubule]] ([[Moeteledipele wa maloba wa Kganetso]] mme kwa tshimologong a tswa kwa BNF), o ne a itlhagisa jaaka motho yo o ikemetseng mme a tlhophiwa gape, ka nako eo e ne e le nako e le nngwe fela fa mongwe wa sepolotiki a tlhophilwe go nna leloko la [[Palamente ya Botswana]] jaaka motho yo o ikemetseng.<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/was-modubule-really-a-mokoko-in-2009/ Was Modubule really a mokoko in 2009], ''Sunday Standard'', 19 de noviembre de 2017</ref> Kgaolo e ga ya bolo go nna lefelo le le nonneng la makoko a boraro le a a ikemetseng, mme fa e sale go tlhongwa ga se ke ga tlhola go nna le baemedi ba ba kwa tlase ga ba batlhano. == Metswedi == 7oje04fq1sba5t6l9vowaavhisqcj1w Puisokwalo ya dijithale 0 14719 53392 2026-07-27T18:27:14Z Canana12 12484 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362326596|Digital literacy]]" 53392 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:A._Stuart_and_Students.jpg|thumb|Morutabana le baithuti ba gagwe mo laborathoring ya dikhomputara]] '''Puisokwalo ya dijithale''' ke bokgoni jwa motho jwa go batla, go sekaseka le go fetisa tshedimosetso a dirisa didirisiwa tsa dijithale kgotsa dipolatefomo tsa bobegakgang jwa dijithale, mmogo le bokgoni jwa go tsamaya, go sekaseka, go tlhama le go fetisa tshedimosetso mo ditikologong tsa dijithale. Puisokwalo ya dijithale e kopanya bokgoni jwa setegeniki le jwa go akanya le go tlhaloganya ; e akaretsa go dirisa dithekenoloji tsa tshedimosetso le tlhaeletsano go tlhama, go sekaseka, le go abelana tshedimosetso.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-19 |title=Digital Literacy |url=https://literacy.ala.org/digital-literacy/ |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=Welcome to ALA's Literacy Clearinghouse |language=en-US}}</ref> Gape e akaretsa go sekaseka ka kelotlhoko ditlamorago tsa yona mo setshabeng le mo dipolotiking. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pangrazio |first=Luciana |date=2016-03-03 |title=Reconceptualising critical digital literacy |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836 |journal=Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=163–174 |doi=10.1080/01596306.2014.942836 |issn=0159-6306 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kwa tshimologong, kitso ya tiriso ya dithekenoloji e ne e tlhomile mogopolo mo bokgoning jwa go dirisa didiriswa tsa dijithale le dikhomputara tse di ikemetseng, mme go tla ga inthanete le tiriso ya mmedia wa botsalano go dirile gore go tlhomiwe mogopolo mo didirisiweng tsa selulafouno. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lynch |first=Matthew |date=2022-07-25 |title=Digital Literacy Training Improves Mobile Learning Outcomes |url=https://www.thetechedvocate.org/digital-literacy-training-improves-mobile-learning-outcomes/ |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=The Tech Edvocate |language=en-US}}</ref> Puisokwalo ya dijithale e amana le mefuta e mengwe ya puisokwalo, mme ga e tshwane le yone. Puisokwalo ya tshedimosetso e tlhomile mogopolo mo bokgoning jwa go batla, go sekaseka le go dirisa tshedimosetso ka difomete tse dintsi. Kitso ya bobegakgang e kaya bokgoni jwa go sekaseka le go ranolola melaetsa ya bobegakgang le tlhotlheletso ya yona. Go farologana le seo, puisokwalo ya dijithale e kopanya bokgoni jono fa gape e akaretsa tiriso e e mosola ya didirisiwa tsa dijithale, go tsaya karolo mo ditikologong tsa inthanete, le go tlhama diteng tsa dijithale. Bogolo jo bo anameng jo bo tlhagisa mofuta wa tirisano le wa go tsaya karolo wa mafelo a dijithale. Le fa kitso ya bobegakgang le ya tshedimosetso e ka nna le seabe mo kitsong ya motho ya dijithale, kitso ya dijithale e kaya dipolatefomo tsa dijithale le tsela e tshedimosetso le melaetsa di ranolwang le go fetisiwa ka yona. == Hisetori == Puisokwalo ya dijithale e ne ya tlhalosiwa la ntlha mo bukeng e e gatisitsweng ka 1997 ke Paul Glister. Glister o ne a bua ka bokgoni jwa go bala le go kwala jwa dijithale e le bokgoni jwa go tlhaloganya le go dirisa tshedimosetso ka difomete tse dintsi go tswa mo metsweding e e farologaneng fa e tlhagisiwa ka dikhomputara. Fa e sa le ka tlhaloso eno, thekenoloji ya dijithale e fetogile, mme ya dira gore tlhaloso ya boammaaruri ya go bala le go kwala ya dijithale le yone e fetoge. Le fa puisokwalo ya dijithale e sa lekanyediwe fela mo dikhomputareng, e lemoga dithekenoloji tsa dijithale jaaka sediriswa sa melaetsa e e tlhokang kitso e e rileng go tlhaloganya, go ranola, go kgaoganya boammaaruri le mainane, le go letla gore go agiwe bokao jo bosha. <ref name="Digital Literacy Unpacked">{{Cite book |date=2018-08-07 |title=Digital Literacy Unpacked |url=https://doi.org/10.29085/9781783301997 |publisher=Facet |isbn=978-1-78330-199-7 |editor-last=Reedy |editor-first=Katharine |doi=10.29085/9781783301997 |editor-last2=Parker |editor-first2=Jo}}</ref> Dipatlisiso ka ga dipuisokwalo tsa dijithale di tswa mo dingwaong tsa dipuisokwalo tsa tshedimosetso le dipatlisiso ka ga dipuisokwalo tsa bobegakgang tse di ikaegileng ka dingwao tsa tlhaloganyo ya loago le tlhaloganyo ya motho, mmogo le dipatlisiso ka ga tlhamo ya mekgwa e e farologaneng, e e ikaegileng ka mekgwa ya thuto-loago. Puisokwalo ya dijithale e agilwe mo seabeng se se golang sa dipatlisiso tsa saense ya loago mo lephateng la puisokwalo, mmogo le mo dikgopolong tsa puisokwalo ya ditshwantsho, puisokwalo ya khomputara, le puisokwalo ya tshedimosetso . Kgopolo ya puisokwalo ya dijithale e tsweletse pele go fetoga go ralala lekgolo la dingwaga la bo 20 le go tsena mo lekgolong la bo 21 la dingwaga go tswa mo tlhalosong ya setegeniki ya bokgoni le bokgoni go ya kwa go tlhaloganyeng ka bophara go dirisana le dithekenoloji tsa dijithale. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Colin Lankshear |date=2008 |title=Digital literacies: concepts, policies and practices |last2=Michele Knobel |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-1-4331-0169-4 |location=New York |oclc=213133349}}</ref> Puisokwalo ya dijithale gantsi go tlotliwa ka yone mo bokaong jwa se se tlileng pele ga yone, e leng puisokwalo ya bobegakgang . Thuto ya go itse go bala le go kwala ya bobegakgang e simolotse kwa United Kingdom le United States ka ntlha ya phasalatso ya ntwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1930 le go tlhatloga ga papatso ka dingwaga tsa bo 1960, ka go latelana. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=boyd |first=danah |year=2014 |title=It's Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens |url=https://www.danah.org/books/ItsComplicated.pdf |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-16631-6 |location=New Haven, Connecticut |pages=https://www.danah.org/books/ItsComplicated.pdf}}</ref> Go romela melaetsa ka boferefere le go oketsega ga mefuta e e farologaneng ya bobegakgang go ne ga tshwenya barutabana le go feta. Barutabana ba ne ba simolola go rotloetsa thuto ya go itse go bala le go kwala ka bobegakgang go ruta batho ka bongwe go atlhola le go sekaseka melaetsa ya bobegakgang e ba neng ba e amogela. Bokgoni jwa go nyatsa diteng tsa dijithale le tsa bobegakgang bo letla batho go lemoga tlhaolele kgotysa letlhakori le le rileng le go sekaseka melaetsa ka go ikemela. <ref name=":0" /> Kitso ya dijithale le ya bobegakgang tsoopedi, di akaretsa bokgoni jwa go sekaseka le go tlhaloganya bokao jwa melaetsa, go atlhola gore a tshedimosetso ya ikanyega, le go sekaseka boleng jwa tiro ya dijithale. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Martens |first=Hans |last2=Hobbs |first2=Renee |date=30 April 2015 |title=How Media Literacy Supports Civic Engagement in a Digital Age |url=https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=com_facpubs |journal=Atlantic Journal of Communication |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=4–5 |doi=10.1080/15456870.2014.961636 |s2cid=52208620 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ka go tlhatloga ga go abelana difaele mo ditirelong tse di jaaka Napster karolo ya maitsholo le boitshwaro e ne ya simolola go akarediwa mo ditlhalosong tsa puisokwalo ya dijithale. Ditlhomamiso tsa puisokwalo ya dijithale a ne a simolola go akaretsa maikemisetso le maikaelelo a a tshwanang le go sekaseka ka kelotlhoko dikarolo tsa dipolotiki le diphetogo tsa maatla tse di tsenngwang mo dithulaganyong tsa go dira dilo tsa dijithale kgotsa go dira gore tshedimosetso e nne ya dijithale ; <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Markham |first=Annette |last2=Pronzato |first2=Riccardo |date=2023-01-01 |title=A critical (theory) data literacy: tales from the field |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ils-06-2023-0087/full/html |journal=Information and Learning Sciences |volume=125 |issue=5/6 |pages=293–320 |doi=10.1108/ILS-06-2023-0087 |issn=2398-5348 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> mmogo le go tlhaloganya botlhokwa jwa go nna leloko le le nang le maikarabelo mo loagong la setšhaba sa bone ka go anamisa kitso le go thusa ba bangwe go bona ditharabololo tsa dijithale kwa gae, kwa tirong, kgotsa mo seraleng sa bosetšhaba. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Martens |first=Hans |last2=Hobbs |first2=Renee |date=30 April 2015 |title=How Media Literacy Supports Civic Engagement in a Digital Age |url=https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=com_facpubs |journal=Atlantic Journal of Communication |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=4–5 |doi=10.1080/15456870.2014.961636 |s2cid=52208620 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Puisokwalo ya dijithale e ka akaretsa gape go tlhagisa ditlhangwa tsa mekgwa e mentsi ya puisano. Tlhaloso e e lebile thata go buisa le go kwala mo sedirisiweng sa dijithale, mme gape e akaretsa tiriso ya mekgwa epe fela mo didirisiweng tse dintsi tse di gatelelang bokao jwa matshwao le ditshupo (Semiotiki) go feta go ikaega fela ka ditlhaka (graphemes) . <ref name="Heitin">{{Cite news|last=Heitin|first=Liana|url=https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2016/11/09/what-is-digital-literacy.html|title=What Is Digital Literacy? - Education Week|date=2016-11-09|work=Education Week|access-date=2020-03-15}}</ref> Gape e akaretsa kitso ya go tlhagisa mefuta e mengwe ya bobegakgang, jaaka go rekota le go tsenya vidio mo inthaneteng. <ref name="Heitin" /> Ka kakaretso, puisokwalo ya dijithale e abelana ka melaometheo e mentsi e e tlhalosang le mafapha a mangwe a a dirisang diphetogo fa pele ga lereo "puisokwalo" go tlhalosa ditsela tsa go nna le kitso kgotsa bokgoni jo bo rileng jwa lefapha. Lereo le le godile ka go tuma mo thutong le mo mafelong a thuto e kgolwane mme le dirisiwa mo maemong a boditšhabatšhaba le a bosetšhaba. arvbncx550c0qx6w3r96ps8eh5msc2s Molepolole Borwa (Kgaolo ya Botlhophi) 0 14720 53393 2026-07-27T18:38:04Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE ya Molepolole Borwa (Kgaolo ya Botlhophi) 53393 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Molepolole Borwa''' ke kgaolo ya ditlhopho mo [[Kgaolong ya Kweneng]] e emetswe ke [[Shima Monageng]], leloko la Palamente ya UDC mo [[Khuduthamageng ya Botswana]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone == Popego ya Kgaolo == Molepolole Borwa e nnile teng go tloga ka ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano, fa e ne e gwetlhiwa jaaka Molepolole Botlhaba. E ne e itsege jaaka Kweneng Botlhaba go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone go fitlha ka ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe, le jaaka Lentsweletau mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone le ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe. E ntse e ganetsanwa jaaka Molepolole Borwa go tloga ka ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone. Batlhophi ba ba tlhophang ba mo karolong e e kwa borwa ya [[Molepolole]], e leng nngwe ya metse e metona ya setso ya Botswana mme e atologela kwa mafelong a a dikologileng mo karolong e e kwa borwa ya [[Kgaolo ya Kweneng.]] Mo go tsa sepolotiki, kgaolo eno e ne e sa bolo go nna e amana le BDP. Lekoko le ne la tshwara setilo ka fa tlase ga maina a a latelanang go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, go akaretsa le ka dipalo tse di itsegeng jaaka [[David Magang]] le [[Daniel Kwelagobe]]. UDC e simolotse ka go fenya BDP ka nako ya ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, fa Tlamelo Mmatli a ne a fenya Kwelagobe. Kgaolo e na le metse e e latelang:[1] # Karolo ya [[Molepolole]] # [[Mmanoko]] # Gamodubu # Kotolaname # Losilakgokong == Metswedi == ebh7mhi98zxs9yud1ducp6dbtwm8u1p Molepolole Bokone (Kgaolo ya Botlhophi) 0 14721 53396 2026-07-27T18:53:26Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE ya Molepolole Bokone (Kgaolo ya Botlhophi) 53396 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Molepolole Bokone''' ke kgaolo ya ditlhopho mo [[Kgaolong ya Kweneng]] e emetswe ke [[Arafat Khan]], leloko la Palamente ya UDC mo Khuduthamageng ya Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone. == Popego ya Kgaolo == Molepolole Bokone e nnile teng go tloga ka ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano tsa kakaretso, fa e ne e gwetlhiwa la ntlha jaaka Molepolole Bokone. E ne ya rewa leina la Molepolole go tswa mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone mme ya nna e ntse e bidiwa jalo go fitlha ka ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe. Fa e sale ka ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone, e ne ya ganetswa gape jaaka Molepolole Bokone. Batlhophi ba ba tlhophang mo karolong e ba kwa bokone jwa [[Molepolole]], e leng nngwe ya metse e metona ya setso ya Botswana e bile e le lefelo la konokono la go nna la batho ba [[Bakwena]]. Kgaolo e na le metse e e latelang:[1] # Karolo ya [[Molepolole]] # Thebephatshwa # Mapharangwane # [[Hatsalatladi]] # [[Mogonono]] == Metswedi == 0t5e1ncqnxiemw2rgsbjyzwf1bt6dwb Benjamin Steinberg (Lepolotiki) 0 14722 53401 2026-07-27T19:45:32Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Benjamin Steinberg (Lepolotiki) 53401 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benjamin Steinberg''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1920) a bo a thokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le botlhano (1975) e ne e le morui wa dikgomo wa Motswana le rapolotiki yo e neng e le Ramatlotlo wa ntlha wa Lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party (BDP)]] le Mopalamente wa ntlha wa [[Motswana]] yo Mosweu ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (1965).<ref>Steinberg, Benjamin." Historical Dictionary of Botswana, by Fred Morton et al., Scarecrow Press, 2008, pp. 279–280. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Steinberg_(politician)#cite_note-1]</ref> Steinberg o tsholetswe mo lelwapeng le le tumileng la Bajuta kwa [[Lobatse]], mme o ne a nna mogwebi le morui wa diruiwa yo o atlegileng kwa Serowe pele ga a nna matlhagatlhaga mo dipolotiking. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bongwe (1961) o ne a nna Ramatlotlo wa phathi e e neng e sa tswa go tlhamiwa ya Botswana Democratic Party mme morago a emela kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Boteti kwa [[Palamenteng ya Botswana]]. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le boraro (1973) o ne a tlogela tiro ya gagwe go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le tshwetso ya puso ya gagwe ya go kgaola dikgolagano le Iseraele, tshwetso e Botswana a neng a e tsaya go tsibogela se e neng e le, go ya ka pono ya bone, go sa batle ga Iseraele go obamela ditshwetso tsa lekgotla la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng. Segolobogolo, puso ya Botswana e ne ya ganetsa go tlhoka kgatelopele go go neng go lemogiwa mo go ikobeleng Tshwetso ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bosupa (1967) ya Lekgotla la Tshireletso la Ditšhabakopano makgolo a mabedi le le masome a mane le bobedi ya go tlogela kgaolo ya Palestina e e sa tswang go gapiwa.<ref>Letsididi, Bashi (17 May 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231103014414/https://www.sundaystandard.info/outspoken-botswana-loses-its-voice-on-israel/ "Outspoken Botswana loses its voice on Israel"]. ''Sunday Standard''. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023.</ref> Steinberg o tlhokafetse kwa Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le botlhano (1975), morago ga go tsaya loeto go ya kwa bookelong kwa [[Pietersburg]] go ya go ariwa boboko. == Metswedi == 4uuiu4cjhre86jnoe7bpb5rxr0ax1ib Skinflint (band) 0 14723 53402 2026-07-27T20:15:04Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Skinflint (band) 53402 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Skinflint''' ke setlhopha sa mmino wa heavy metal se se tswang kwa [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana.]] <ref>[http://www.skinflintmetal.com/the-band Skinflint Official Page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414023357/http://www.skinflintmetal.com/the-band|date=14 April 2014}}.</ref>Ba tsenyeleditse dilo tse di tswang mo setsong sa Seaforika mo mminong wa heavy metal, <ref>"Botswana Skinflint Mixes Metal With Its Own History" ''[SVT play]'', retrieved 1 November 2013.</ref>ba ngoka tlhokomelo ya bobegakgang jwa boditšhabatšhaba. <ref name=":0">Tutton, Mark (13 February 2014). [https://edition.cnn.com/2014/02/13/world/africa/africa-botswana-metal-heads/ "Botswana's metal heads still rocking".] ''CNN Inside Africa''. Retrieved 14 February 2014.</ref>Dikgatiso tsa bona, Iklwa,<ref>xFiruath. [http://www.metalunderground.com/reviews/details.cfm?releaseid=5132 "Skinflint (IKLWA) CD"]. ''Metal Underground''. Retrieved 25 May 2001</ref>Gauna<ref name=":1">[http://www.discogs.com/Skinflint-Gauna/release/4029739 "Gauna".] ''Discogs''.</ref>le Dipoko,<ref name=":2">Heron, Linda. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140903133600/http://planetmosh.com/skinflint-dipoko-cover-tracklist-released-26th-july-2013/ "SKINFLINT "Dipoko" – Cover, Tracklist, Released 26th July 2013"]. ''Planet Mosh''. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2013.</ref>di tlotla ditumelo tsa bagologolwane le tsa semoya tsa Seaforika,<ref>Redgrave, Oslo. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130106180958/http://www.egmnow.com/digitalnoob/interview-with-giuseppe-sbrana-of-skinflint/ "Interview with Giuseppe Sbrana of Skinflint".] ''EGMNOW''. Archived from the original on 6 January 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2013</ref>fa setlhopha se santse se tshameka ka mokgwa wa heavy metal ya setso. == Ditso tsa setlhopha == === Tlhamo (2006) === Skinflint e ne ya tlhamiwa ke lead guitarist le vocalist Giuseppe Sbrana<ref>[http://www.metal-archives.com/artists/Giuseppe_Sbrana/59843 "Giuseppe Sbrana".] ''Metal Archives''. Encyclopaedia Metallum. Retrieved 19 April 2011.</ref>ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006). O ne a thapa Kebonye Nkoloso<ref>[http://www.metal-archives.com/artists/Kebonye_Nkoloso/59839 "Kebonye Nkoloso".] ''The Metal Archives''. Encyclopaedia Metallum</ref>ka katara ya bass le Alessandra Sbrana<ref>[http://www.metal-archives.com/artists/Sandra_Sbrana/59834 "Alessandra Sbrana".] ''Metal Archives''. Encyclopaedia Metallum.</ref>ka meropa. Mmino wa Skinflint o tswakanya dikarolo tsa mmino wa setso wa selegae le heavy metal,<ref name=":3">Lex, Von. [http://www.metalglory.de/interviews.php?nr=947 "Skinflint "The Metallic Sound Of Southern Africa"".] ''METALGLORY''. Retrieved 26 November 2013</ref> o o tlhotlheleditsweng ke Iron Maiden le Black Sabbath.<ref name=":3" /> === Line-up change: Iklwa era (2007 -2011) === Moropa Alessandra Sbrana o ne a kgaogana le Skinflint ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007), mme a emisediwa ke Mothusi Mahuri.<ref>[http://www.metal-archives.com/artists/Mothusi_Mahuri/59840 "Mothusi Mahuri".] ''Metal Archives''. Encyclopaedia Metallum</ref>Morago ga moo setlhopha se ne sa simolola go kwala Massive Destruction, e e neng ya gololwa ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le borataro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009).<ref>[http://www.metalstorm.net/bands/album.php?album_id=67653&band_id=&bandname=Skinflint "Skinflint Massive Destruction".] ''Metal Storm''</ref>Alebamo e ne e ise e ke e abiwe kwa ntle ga Botswana. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) setlhopha se ne sa rekota alebamo ya bone ya bobedi, Iklwa, mme morago ga moo ya gololwa kwa moletlong wa Whiplash Metal kwa Cape Town, Afrika Borwa ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le lesome le bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010). <ref>Heidmann, David. "[http://metal4africa.com/features/2010_whiplash/ Stocking up on whoop-ass for Whiplash!".] ''Metal4Africa''. Retrieved 3 December 2010.</ref>Iklwa e ne ya anamisiwa ke Legion of Death records mme morago ke Pure Steel Records.<ref>[http://rateyourmusic.com/release/album/skinflint/iklwa_f1/ "Iklwa".] ''Rate Your Music''</ref> === Motlha wa Gauna (2011 -2012) === Setlhopha se ne sa dira EP ya 7 inch e e bidiwang Gauna<ref name=":1" />le Legion of Death records, e e nang le dipina tse tharo tse di kgethegileng, "Mantis Skull", "Bloody Gqokli", le "Gauna". <ref>[http://legionofdeathrecords.com/?page=lodreleases "Gauna on Legion of Death records".] ''Legion of Death Records''.</ref>Kgatiso e ne gape e na le pina ya "Iklwa" e e neng e tshameka ka tlhamalalo, e le pina ya bonase. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012), setlhopha se ne sa botsolodiwa ke [[Errol Barnett]] wa CNN mme ba ne ba tshameka pina ya setlhogo, "Gauna", ba tshela mo CNN's Inside Africa morago ga puisano.<ref>Barnett, Errol. [["The sound of Botswana's Metal Music".]] ''CNN''. Retrieved 2 July 2012</ref> === Dipoko era (2012 - present) === Mothusi Mahuri o ne a kgaogana le Skinflint, mme Alessandra Sbrana o ne a boela mo tirong ya go tshameka meropa.<ref>Dipholo, Kabelo. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130131121254/http://www.thevoicebw.com/2012/12/28/skinflints-ghostly-2013/ "Skinflint's Ghostly 2013".] ''The Voice''. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2012.</ref>Band e ne ya simolola go rekota Dipoko mme ya golola alebamo kwa Nairobi Rock fest ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012), kwa Nairobi, Kenya.<ref>Van Den Worm, Heinrich. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140913134409/http://www.junkmail.co.ke/blog/2012/12/nairobi-rock-fest-8th-december/ "Nairobi Rock fest 8th December!"]. ''Junk Mail Kenya''. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013) Dipoko e ne ya gololwa gape ka Pure Steel Records,<ref name=":2" />mme setlhopha se ne sa simolola loeto lwa bone lwa ntlha lwa kwa Yuropa.<ref>Keaketswe, Kabo. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204512/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=6552 "Skinflint to rock Sweden".] ''Daily News''. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.</ref> Fa ba boa, setlhopha se ne sa botsolotswa ke Mark Tutton,<ref name=":0" />kwa Giuseppe Sbrana a neng a bua ka go atologa ga bone, le kgatlhego ya bone ka mmino wa African metal. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), Sbrana o ne a tlogela setlhopha sa mmino ka lekgetlo la bobedi. O ne a emisediwa ke Cosmos Modisaemang. == Metswedi == blbfdnmisg0gk4lb3o45kq1vf3a9zuw Bagele Chilisa 0 14724 53404 2026-07-27T20:39:51Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Bagele Chilisa 53404 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bagele Chilisa''' ke moithuti wa Botswana wa morago ga bokoloniale yo o kwadileng le go bua thata ka mekgwa ya dipatlisiso le tshekatsheko ya setso. Ke maitsaanape yo o tletseng kwa [[mmadikolo wa Botswana]],<ref name=":0">Emeagwali, Professor Gloria (2017), ''[https://vimeo.com/245216628 A Conversation with Professor Bagele Chilisa, an expert on Indigenous research ethodology.]'', retrieved 2018-08-05</ref>kwa a rutang dikhoso tsa mekgwa ya patlisiso ya saense ya loago le patlisiso ya tshekatsheko mo baithuting ba pele ga kalogo le ba kalogo. Chilisa o dirile jaaka motlhatlhobi mo diporojekeng tse dintsi tsa lefatshe, mme o tsewa e le "moeteledipele wa dikakanyo tsa Aforika" yo o botlhokwa.<ref name=":1">[https://www.ub.bw/about-ub/news/professor-chilisa-undp-evaluation-advisory-panel "Professor Chilisa in UNDP Evaluation Advisory Panel".] ''University of Botswana''. 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2018.</ref>Chilisa o itsega jaaka leloko la [[batho ba Bantu]] ba Aforika.<ref name=":2">Chilisa, Bagele. (2012). ''Indigenous research methodologies.'' Los Angeles, CA: Sage. [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781412958820|ISBN]]</ref>: 3  == Baekerafi == Chilisa o tshotswe le go godisediwa kwa motseng o monnye wa [[Nshakazhogwe]] kwa [[Botswana]].<ref name=":2" />: xx Batsadi ba gagwe, Motlalepul le Zwambele Kenosi, e ne e le balemirui ba ba iphedisang.<ref name=":2" />: xxi Batsadi ba gagwe, le nkokoagwe, Ponya Kenosi, ba ne ba mo fetisetsa dikwalo tsa molomo fa a ne a sa ntse a le ngwana. kgatlhego ya botshelo jotlhe mo dithulaganyong tsa kitso ya setso. Mo bukeng ya gagwe, Mekgwa ya Patlisiso ya Setso (2012), Chilisa o bolela jaana: Ke wa batho ba Bantu ba Aforika, ba ba tshelang botshelo jwa kopanelo jo bo ikaegileng ka kgolagano e e simololang go tswa mo botsalo go ya kwa losong, e e tswelelang go feta loso, mme e atologela kwa go ba ba tshelang le ba ba sa tsheleng. Ke itsege le go buisana ka mareo a botsalano a a nkgolaganyang le botsalano jotlhe jwa me, jo bo tshelang le jo bo sa tsheleng. Go tlwaelegile gore batho ba bitsane ba dirisa di-totem mmogo le mareo a a amanang le kamano a a tshwanang le malome, rakgadi, morwarre, jalo le jalo. Ka sekai, totem ya me ke kwena, mme go ikaegile ka gore ke mang yo o buang le nna le gore ke ka nako efe, nka ka umakiwa ke dirisa totem ya me.<ref name=":2" />: 3  === Thuto === Chilisa o akgola rraagwe ka go mo ruta dialefabete pele ga a simolola go tsena sekolo. Ka lelapa la gagwe le ne le nna gaufi le bobolokelo jwa mabele jwa motse, le ene o ne a ithuta go bala pele ga a simolola sekolo se se rulagantsweng.<ref name=":2" />: xix O tsene sekolo se se potlana le se segolwane kwa Botswana. Go tswa kwa Yunibesithing ya Pittsburgh, Chilisa o ne a bona dikirii ya gagwe ya Masetase ya Botsweretshi mo go tsa Moakanyetso wa Patlisiso, Tekanyo le Dipalopalo, le Ed.D ya gagwe mo go tsa Thulaganyo le Tshekatsheko ya Pholisi.<ref name=":1" /> === Mokgwa wa go itshetsa le tswelelopele === Chilisa ke moitsanape yo o tletseng kwa Mmadikolo wa Botswana, yo o mo Lenaneong la Patlisiso le Tlhatlhobo ya Morago ga Dialogane. O ruta dikhoso tsa mekgwa ya patlisiso le tshekatsheko, le go tlhama pholisi. O ruta baithuti ba ba alogang le ba ba iseng ba aloge kwa Mmadikolo wa Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> Chilisa ke moithuti wa mekgwa ya patlisiso ya setso,<ref name=":1" /> ka a gatisitse dibuka le diathikele tsa dijenale ka ga kgang eno<ref name=":0" /> le go bua kwa dikhonferenseng tsa bosetšhaba le tsa boditšhabatšhaba.<ref name=":2" />: xxii–xxiii Patlisiso ya gagwe e lebile baagi ba Botswana le dikgaolo tse dingwe mo tirisong ya dikakanyo tsa gagwe tsa setso,<ref name=":3">de Goede, Meike (2013). [https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2013/02/11/book-review-indigenous-research-methodologies/ "Book Review: Indigenous Research Methodologies by Bagele Chilisa".] ''LSE Review of Books''. Retrieved 2018-08-05.</ref> lefatshe ka bophara. <ref name=":1" />O akgolwa jaaka "moeteledipele wa dikakanyo tsa Aforika yo o kgweetsang kgopolo ya tshekatsheko e e theilweng mo Aforika."<ref name=":1" />Mo ketapeleng ya sekwalwa sa gagwe sa botlhokwa,<ref name=":3" />Mekgwa ya Patlisiso ya Setso, Chilisa o akgola rraagwe ka go mo tsenya "ditsela tse ka tsona mekgwa le mekgwa ya setso ya go nna bokoloniale le go nna le kamano le patlisiso."<ref name=":2" />: xx  Kwa Mmadikolo wa Botswana, Chilisa o na le rekoto e ntsi ya tirelo. E ne e le leloko la boto ya Senthara ya Patlisiso ya Saense ya mmadikolo wa Botswana le Kitso le Dipopontshwa tsa Setso, mmogo le go direla mo botong ya Komiti ya Maitsholo a Patlisiso ya Yunibesithi ya Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> Chilisa o diretse mekgatlho e e seng ya puso (di-NGO) jaaka motlhatlhobi wa diporojeke tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse di akaretsang UNESCO, Lenaneo la Tlhabololo la Ditšhabakopano (UNDP), Banka ya Lefatshe, Mokgatlho wa Badiri wa Boditšhabatšhaba, le Letlole la Bana la Ditšhabakopano. Chilisa o amogetse dithuso tse dintsi go tswa go mekgatlho ya boditšhabatšhaba go dira dipatlisiso, go akaretsa le dithuso go tswa go Banka ya Lefatshe, Setheo sa Bosetšhaba sa Boitekanelo (USA), le UNICEF.<ref name=":2" />: xxii Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), Chilisa o ne a tlhomiwa go direla mo Phaneleng ya Bogakolodi jwa Tshekatsheko ya Lenaneo la Tlhabololo la Ditšhabakopano (UNDP) [EAP].<ref name=":1" /> O ne a nna motlhami-mmogo wa Mokgatlho wa Dipatlisiso wa Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland le Namibia, e ne e le Tautona wa Mokgatlho wa Dipatlisiso wa Thuto wa Botswana, e bile o ne a rulaganya Lekwalodikgang la Dipatlisiso tsa Thuto la Botswana. == Dibuka tse di gatisitsweng == * Brannelly, Tula, Rosalind Edwards, Melanie Nind, Helen Kara, Umut Erel, Helen Moewaka Barnes, Bagele Chilisa, and Amohia Boulton. (2017). "Reflective commentaries," ''Qualitative Research'' 17, no. 3: 351–355. doi:10.1177/1468794117698915 * Chilisa, Bagele. (1999). "New developments in the national examination system in Botswana." ''Educational Measurement: Issues & Practice'', 18, no. 4: 28–29. ISSN * Chilisa, Bagele. (2000). "Towards equity in assessment: Crafting gender-fair assessment." ''Assessment In Education: Principles, Policy & Practice'', 7(1), 61–81. doi:10.1080/713613318= * Chilisa, Bagele. (2002). "National policies on pregnancy in education systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Botswana." ''Gender & Education'', 14, no. 1: 21–35. doi:10.1080/09540250120098852 * Chilisa, Bagele. (2005). "Educational Research Within Postcolonial Africa: A Critique of HIV/AIDS Research in Botswana." ''International Journal Of Qualitative Studies In Education'' (QSE) 18, no. 6: 659–684. ISSN * Chilisa, Bagele. (2006). "'Sex' education: Subjugated discourses and adolescents' voices." pp.&#x20;249–261 in C. Skelton, B. Francis, L. Smulyan, C. Skelton, B. Francis, L. Smulyan (Eds.) ''The Sage handbook of gender and education''. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. doi:10.4135/9781848607996.n19 * Chilisa, Bagele. (2012). ''Indigenous research methodologies''. Los Angeles, CA: Sage. ISBN * Chilisa, Bagele. (2017). "Decolonising transdisciplinary research approaches: an African perspective for enhancing knowledge integration in sustainability science." ''Sustainability Science'', (5), 813. doi:10.1007/s11625-017-0461-1 * Chilisa, Bagele. (2014). "Indigenous research is a journey." ''International Journal Of Narrative Therapy & Community Work'', no. 2: 41. ISSN * Chilisa, Bagele, Irene Mohiemang, Kolentino Mpeta, Tumane Malinga-Musamba, Poloko Ntshwarang, and G. Anita Heeren. 2013. "Why wait ‘til marriage? The determinants of premarital sex among adolescents in a country in Sub-Saharan Africa: Botswana." ''Journal Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment'', 23, no. 8: 972–979. doi:10.1080/10911359.2013.831296 * Chilisa, Bagele, Thenjiwe Emily Major, and Kelne Khudu-Petersen. (2017). "Community engagement with a postcolonial, African-based relational paradigm." ''Qualitative Research'', 17, no. 3: 326–339. doi:10.1177/1468794117696176 * Chilisa, Bagele, Irene Mohiemang, Kolentino Nyamadzapasi Mpeta, Tumane Malinga, Poloko Ntshwarang, Bramwell Walela Koyabe, and G. Anita Heeren. (2016). "Contextualized theory-based predictors of intention to practice monogamy among adolescents in Botswana junior secondary schools: Results of focus group sessions and a cross-sectional study." ''Journal Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment'', 26, no. 6: 533–540. doi:10.1080/10911359.2015.1114820 * Chilisa, Bagele, and Gabo Ntseane. (2010). "Resisting dominant discourses: implications of indigenous, African feminist theory and methods for gender and education research." ''Gender & Education'', 22, no. 6: 617–632. doi:10.1080/09540253.2010.519578 * Chilisa, Bagele, and Gaelebale N. Tsheko. (2014). "Mixed methods in indigenous research: Building Relationships for Sustainable Intervention Outcomes." ''Journal Of Mixed Methods Research'', 8, no. 3: 222–233. ISSN * Commeyras, Michelle, and Bagele Chilisa. (2001). "Assessing Botswana's first national survey on literacy with Wagner's proposed schema for surveying literacy in the ‘Third World’." ''International Journal Of Educational Development'', 21, 433-446. doi:10.1016/S0738-0593(00)00074-2 * Gaotlhobogwe, Michael; Thenjiwe Emily Major; Setlhomo Koloi-Keakitse, and Bagele Chilsa. (2018). "conceptualizing evaluation in African contexts." ''New Directions for Evaluation'', no. 159: 47–62. DOI: 10.1002/ev.20332 * Mertens, Donna M.; Fiona Cram; and Bagele Chilisa (ed.) (2013). ''Indigenous pathways into social research: Voices of a new generation''. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press. ISBN * Nitza, Amy, Bagele Chilisa, and Veronica Makwinja-Morara. (2010). "Mbizi": Empowerment and HIV/AIDS prevention for adolescent girls in Botswana." ''Journal For Specialists In Group Work'', 35, no. 2: 105-114. ISSN * Sanday, Peggy, Suniti Namjoshi, Ann Graham, Michele Janette, Helen Moffet, Michel Coconis, and Susan A. Comerford, et al. 2001. "Forum: What Challenges Do Feminists in the U. S. Face When Trying to Think Globally?." ''Transformations: The Journal Of Inclusive Scholarship And Pedagogy'', 12, no. 1: 108–22. ISSN == Metswedi == 17s0ruyjltmsb4a4cahu4az32pqplph Collen Vixen Kelapile 0 14725 53407 2026-07-27T21:15:27Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Collen Vixen Kelapile 53407 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Collen Vixen Kelapile''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le lesome ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabobedi (1968), kwa [[Maitengwe]], [[Botswana]]) ke moemedi wa se nnela ruri wa Botswana kwa lekgotleng la [[united nations]] fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018).<ref>[http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-07/24/c_1310081541.htm "New ECOSOC president sees bigger role of his council - Xinhua | English.news.cn"]. ''www.xinhuanet.com''. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya di Phukwi e le masome a mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021) o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Tautona wa Lekgotla [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]] mo kopanong ya dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022).<ref>[https://sdg.iisd.org/news/ecosoc-president-offers-preview-of-2022-session/ Hub, IISD's SDG Knowledge. "ECOSOC President Offers Preview of 2022 Session | News | SDG Knowledge Hub | IISD".] Retrieved 18 October 2021.</ref> == Botshelo le tiro ya gagwe ya bogologolo == Morago ga go tsena sekolo se sebotlana sa Mengwe kwa Maitengwe le se segolwane sa Molefi kwa [[kgaolong ya Kgatleng,]] Kelapile o ne a dira [[lenaneo la Tirelo Sechab]]<nowiki/>a le le gapelediwang kwa kgaolong ya magae ya [[Sojwe]], [[kgaolo ya Kweneng]], go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe(1989) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990), mme ka nako eo o ne a abelwa kwa tleliniking ya kalafi e e bapileng le setlhopha sa badiredi ba loago. Morago ga moo o ne a fudugela kwa Gaborone go ya go tsenela sekolo sa Mmadikolo wa Botswana ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1991) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1995), a bona dikirii ya Bachelor ya tsamaiso ya puso le ya sepolotiki. Kelapile o simolotse go dira kwa [[United Nations Department of Peace Operations]] le Tirisanommogo e le motlhankedi wa tafole mo karolong ya Ditšhabakopano ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1995), pele ga a tsenela katiso kwa Setheong sa Tirelo ya Dinaga di Sele kwa New Delhi, India, ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borataro (1996).<ref>DESCRIPTIVE RESUME/PROFILE: COLLEN V. KELAPILE; part of United Nations records (www.un.org) as document A/C.5//64/4 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collen_Vixen_Kelapile#cite_note-4]</ref> Kelapile o ne a tsaya karolo mo seminareng ya Lefapha la Ditiro tsa Kagiso ya Ditšhabakopano ka ga tsamaiso ya ditiro tsa go boloka kagiso tsa Ditšhabakopano kwa [[Gaborone]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997), a kile a tsenela thutopuisano ka ga go boloka direkoto le go di latlha tsa batlhankedi ba tiro ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borataro (1996). O tsenetse thulaganyo ya tekanyetsokabo ya Ditšhabakopano ka ga [[United Nations Institute for Training and Research]] le Pusetso. mme e ne e le mongwe wa batsayakarolo mo ditshwetsong tsa United Nations resolutions , go kwalwa le go amogelwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999).<ref>Ighobor, Kingsley (16 October 2021). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202110160053.html "Africa: For Equitable Access to Vaccines We Need Action, Not Just Words".] ''allAfrica.com''. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</ref> == Bodipolomate == O ne a fudusediwa kwa Permanent Mission ya Rephaboliki ya Botswana kwa Ditšhabakopano ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998), e moragonyana a neng a nna mokwaledi wa bobedi wa yone ka lobaka lwa dingwaga di le pedi mme a nna mogakolodi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003). O ne a dira jaaka moemedi wa Komiti ya Botlhano ya [[:en:United_Nations_General_Assembly|United_Nations_General_Assembly]] United Nations General Assembly, le jaaka motlatsamodulasetulo wa Komiti ya Botlhano ya Biro ya 5. Kokoanokakaretso ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001) mmogo le Motlatsamodulasetulo wa Komiti ya Lenaneo le Kgokaganyo kwa kopanong ya yone ya bo masome a mane le bobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2002). Gape e ne e le Mogokaganyi wa Setlhopha sa Baitseanape ba Aforika mo Komiting ya Botlhano go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003). Kelapile o ntse a le matlhagatlhaga mo bodipolomate jwa dinaga di le dintsi dingwaga di feta masome a mabedi le borataro , a dirile jaaka leloko la badiri ba Bokwaledi jwa Ditšhabakopano jaaka leloko la Komiti ya Bogakolodi ka Dipotso tsa Tsamaiso le Tekanyetsokabo go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012), le fa, e ne e le Motlatsamodulasetulo wa yona go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021). E ne e le Motlatsa Mokaedi wa Lefapha la Aforika le Botlhabagare mo Lefapheng la Merero ya Boditšhabatšhaba le Tirisanommogo ya Botswana go ralala dikgaolo tsotlhe tsa Aforika go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), mme a nna Moeteledipele wa Badiri go Mokwaledi-Khuduthamaga wa Khomišene ya Ikonomi ya Ditšhabakopano ya Aforika go tswa kwa Adbassa2 Aba0 A4. Moemedi wa Botswana kwa lekgotleng la Ditšhabakopano ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018).<ref>DESCRIPTIVE RESUME/PROFILE: COLLEN V. KELAPILE; Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (right) meets with Collen Kelapile, Chairman of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). 16 September 2011 (Photo # 484545), available as part of United Nations records as document A/C.5//64/[[4]]</ref>Gape ka nako e le nngwe ke Moemedi wa Botswana kwa Cuba le Mokhomišenara yo Mogolo kwa Jamaica ka tsela e e seng ya moagi, mme gareng ga maemo a mangwe a a ntseng a na le one e ne e le Mothusa Tautona wa Lekgotla la Ikonomi le Loago la kopano ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021), modulasetulommogo wa Setlhopha sa Ditsala ka ga Maikarabelo a United States of2 the2. Komiti e e Tsamaisang ya Setlhopha sa Aforika-CARRICOM Caucus (Permanent Representative of Grenada) fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020).<ref>[https://www.un.org/ecosoc/en/content/biographie "Biography | 75th Economic and Social Council"]. ''www.un.org''. Retrieved 18 October 2021</ref> == Lelapa == Kelapile o nyetse mme o na le ngwana wa mosimane. O itse puo ya sekgoa, puo ya setswana le ya sekalaka. == Metswedi == gvmq2kcchjswo9xjvsj0ywufl7sko4x Phuthego Ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi 0 14726 53412 2026-07-27T23:20:17Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366313240|United Nations Climate Change Conference]]" 53412 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphuthego tsa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng tsa Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi''' ke diphuthego tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tse di tshwarwang mo motheong wa Tumalano ya Motheo ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (UNFCCC). Di dira jaaka bokopano jwa semmuso jwa makoko a UNFCCC— phuthego ya makoko (COP)—go sekaseka tswelelopele mo go itebaganyeng le [[Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi|phetogo ya seemo sa loapi]], le, go simolola mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo1990, go buisana ka Tsamaiso ya Kyoto, go tlhoma maitlamo a a tlamang ka fa molaong a mafatshe a a tlhabologileng go fokotsa digase tsa one tsa digreenhouse . <ref name="climate-leaders.org">{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=What is the UNFCCC & the COP |url=http://www.climate-leaders.org/climate-change-resources/india-at-cop-15/unfccc-cop |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327142028/http://www.climate-leaders.org/climate-change-resources/india-at-cop-15/unfccc-cop |archive-date=27 March 2009 |access-date=5 December 2009 |website=Climate Leaders |publisher=Lead India}}</ref> Go simolola ka 2005 diphuthego tse gape di dirile jaaka "Phuthego ya Makoko e e Dirang jaaka Kopano ya Makoko a Tsamaiso ya Kyoto" (CMP); gape makoko a tumalano a e seng makoko a tsamaiso a ka tsaya karolo mo diphuthegong tse di amanang le tsamaiso jaaka balebeledi. Go tloga ka 2011 go fitlha ka 2015, diphuthego tse di ne tsa dirisiwa go buisana ka [[Tumalano ya Paris]] jaaka karolo ya lekgotlana la Durban, mo go neng ga tlhama tsela ya go tsaya kgato ka ga phetogo ya seemo sa loapi. <ref name="Cambridge University Press">{{Cite book |last=Jepsen |first=Henrik |date=2021 |title=Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/negotiating-the-paris-agreement/660C5CB692E6AE32FE9244374CD1EF39 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108886246 |display-authors=etal |access-date=2022-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210111459/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/negotiating-the-paris-agreement/660C5CB692E6AE32FE9244374CD1EF39 |archive-date=2022-12-10 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mokwalo mongwe le mongwe wa bofelo wa COP o tshwanetse go dumalanwa ka tumalano. <ref>{{Cite news|date=8 November 2021|title=COP26: Rich countries 'pushing back' on paying for climate loss|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59206814|access-date=8 November 2021}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59206814 "COP26: Rich countries 'pushing back' on paying for climate loss"]. ''BBC News''. 8 November 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211209124113/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59206814 Archived] from the original on 9 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Phuthego ya ntlha ya UN ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (COP 1) e ne ya tshwarwa ka 1995 kwa Berlin. <ref name="bmub">{{Cite journal |date=27 December 2012 |title=Stages of climate change negotiations |url=http://www.bmub.bund.de/en/topics/climate-energy/climate/international-climate-policy/climate-conferences/chronicle-of-climate-change-conferences/ |url-status=live |journal=Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113134034/http://www.bmub.bund.de/en/topics/climate-energy/climate/international-climate-policy/climate-conferences/chronicle-of-climate-change-conferences/ |archive-date=13 January 2017 |access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref> <ref name="UNFCCC">{{Cite journal |date=2014 |title=More Background on the COP |url=http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6383.php |url-status=live |journal=UNFCC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115111224/http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6383.php |archive-date=15 November 2016 |access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref> rido4hddtxnquyj8u74cpj3m4jek9w2 The Gods Must Be Crazy 0 14727 53438 2026-07-28T06:44:25Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya The Gods Must Be Crazy #Wikipedia25BW 53438 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Gods Must Be Crazy''' ke filimi ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi ya metlae e e kwadilweng, ya diriwa ya bo ya kaelwa ke [[Jamie Uys]]. Filimi e e kopanetsweng ke [[Aforika Borwa]] le [[Botswana]], ke filimi ya ntlha mo motseletseleng wa '''The Gods Must Be Craz'''y. E diretswe kwa borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]], moanelwamogolo wa filimi ke molemi morui wa [[Mosarwa]] wa kwa borwa bophirima jwa Aforika ebong N!xau Toma a tshameka e le Xi, motsomi ebile a phutha dilo wa kwa [[Sekaka sa Kalahari|sekakeng sa Kalahari]] o morafe wa gagwe o itemogelang lebotlolo la galase la Coca-Cola le le digilweng mo sefofaneng, ba bo ba dumela gore ke mpho go tswa kwa badimong ba bone. Fa Xi a tsaya loeto go busetsa lebotlolo lwa badimong, loeto lwa gagwe le diragala ka nako e le nngwe le lwa moitseanape wa mebele ya batho le dimela (Marius Weyers), morutabana o mosha o o sa tswang go thapiwa mo sekolong sa mp motseng (Sandra Prinsloo) le setlhopha sa ditsuolodi. The Gods Must be Crazy e ntshitswe kwa Aforika Borwa ka Lwetse a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, ke Ster-Kinekor Films, ya feta dipalo tsa go dira sentle mo lefatsheng, ya nna filimi e e dirilweng kwa Aforika Borwa e e atlegileng thata mo go tsa madi ka nako e o. <ref>Gorelik, Boris (12 July 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231833/http://www.rapport.co.za/Weekliks/Nuus/Jamie-se-treffer-Met-Uys-ja-die-wereld-in-20140712 "Jamie se treffer: Met Uys, ja – die wêreld in".] ''[[:en:Rapport_(newspaper)|Rapport]]'' (in Afrikaans). [[:en:Media24|Media24.]] Archived from [https://www.netwerk24.com/rapport the original] on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref>Filimi e ne ya atlega thata mo go tsa kgwebo mo mafatsheng a mangwe ka bontsi,mme ya tsaya sebaka go atlega kwa [[USA|United States]], kwa e neng ya ntshiwa gape ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome robabobedi le bone le kompone ya 20th Century Fox,<ref name=":0">Gugler, Josef (2003). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=fvpfLS1RC6YC&q=%22Gods+Must+Be+Crazy%22+5&pg=PA74&redir_esc=y ''African Film: Re-imagining a Continent''.] [[:en:Indiana_University_Press|Indiana University Press]]. p.&nbsp;74. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-253-21643-5|<bdi>0-253-21643-5</bdi>.]] Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> ka puisano ya yone ya puo ya [[seburu]] e ranoletsweng kwa Sekgoweng. Le ntswa e ne e atlegile, filimi e ne ya kgalelwa ka fa e supang lotso ka teng le go ikgatholosa kgethololo le tlhaolele (puso ya tlhaolele) kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Judy_Lee_Klemesrud|Klemesrud, Judy]] (28 April 1985). [https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/28/movies/the-gods-must-be-crazy-a-truly-international-hit.html "'The Gods Must Be Crazy' - A Truly International Hit"]. [[:en:The_New_York_Times|''The New York Times''.]] Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe, e ne ya salwa morago ke ya bobedi ya The Gods Must Be Crazy II. Tse dingwe tse di e salang morago tse e seng tsa semmuso di ne tsa gatisiwa kwa [[Hong Kong]] kwa N!xau a neng a tsweledisa seabe sa gagwe. == Neelano ya ditiragalo == Xi le morafe wa gagwe wa Basarwa ba nna ka boitumelo kwa sekakeng sa Kalahari, kgakala le ditlhabololo tsa madirelo. Letsatsi lengwe, lebotlolo la galase la Coca-Cola, le latlhilwe mo sefofaneng ke mokgweetsi wa sone, le wela mo mmung o o borethe le sa thubega. Batho ba ga Xi ba akanyetsa gore lebotlolo le le mpho go tswa mo badimong, fela jaaka dimela le diphologolo, ba batla ditiriso di le mmalwa tsa lone, jaaka go fodisa ditlhako tsa dipholologolo, go tshela metsi,go duba borotho, le go kgabisa ka go dira meradi e e kgolokwe. Lebotlo la galase le lengwe fela, le fa go ntse jalo, maloko a morafe a tlhoka tiriso ya lone kgapetsakgapetsa fa kgotlhang e tsoga kwa morafeng o o kileng wa bo e le wa kagiso. Ka ntlha ya se, Xi o tsaya tshwetso ya go tsaya loeto go ya kwa lefatsheng le felelang teng go latlha lebotlolo le le bakang kgaogano le. Mo ntlheng e nngwe moitsenape wa biology Andrew Steyn o o ithutang diphologolo tsa mo gae mo [[Botswana]], o fiwa tiro ke tona wa mo gae ya go tsisa Kate Thompson mosadi o o ithotseng tiro ya bojanala kwa [[Johannesburg]] Aforika Borwa kwa motseng go nna morutabana wa motse  mo Botswana. Andrew o gale le gale a leng majato ebile a dira tiro ka botswapelo, o sitega fo dira tiro mo bo leng teng jwa ga Kate. Tiro ya gagwe e diriwa boima ke sepalamo sa gagwe se e leng koloi ya Land Rover ya bogologolo e e senang marikhi e e mo tlhokang go tlola a tswa mo koloing go baya letlapa kwa tlase ga lethaere, se se shakgatsa Kate. Koloi e retelelwa ke go tlola noka e e boteng, ba tlhokega go lala kwa ntle bosigo joo, di maele di le masome a mararo go tswa kwa ba yang teng, mo Kate a go bonang e le tsela ya go batla sengwe mo go ene. Fa Andrew a apola gore a robale borokgwe jwa gagwe bo le lwa tlase, kolobe ya naga e a mo tlhasela. Fa a tabogile mo sekgwebg, o a kgopiwa a bo a wela mo go Kate o o apereng dilwana tsa boroko fela. A sa lemoge tshukudu e tima molelo wa bone, Kate o akanya gore Andrew o timile molelo go mo tshosa gore a batle tshireletso mo go ene. Moso o o latelang Kate o tshwarega mo setlhareng sa leta ka nakwana;Andrew o leka go mo falotsa mme bobedi boo bo felela bo tshwaregile botlhe ba apere dilwana tsa ka fa teng fela. Pelaelo ya ga Kate ya gore go nna botlhaswa ga ga Andrew ke go leka go mmatla lorato e ya magoletsa. Ka go goroga ga bone kwa motseng go diegile, mosupi wa bojanala Jack Hind, o goroga go thusa Kate go fetsa mosepele wa gagwe go ya motseng. Mothusi wa ga Andrew gape e le makheneke M'pudi,o o nyetseng basadi ba supa, o thusa Andrew go itlhalosetsa Kate. Mo lefatsheng le le mabapi la maitirelo, setlhopha sa Biryani, sa ditsuolodi, se se eteletsweng pele ke Sam Biga, ba bolaile matona a puso a le mararo ba gobaditse ba le babedi ba bangwe mo maitekong a go tsaya botshelo jwa ga tautona, ba batliwa ke masole. Mo loetong lwa gagwe lwa go latlha lebotlolo le le hutsitsweng, Xi o bona dipodi a bo a thuntsha e nngwe ka segai a ikaelela go e ja. O tshwarelwa dipodi tse, a bo a atlholelwa dikgwedi di le tharo mo kgolegelong. M'pudi, o o kileng a nna le Basarwa ebile a kgona go bua puo ya bone, o bona katlholo e e le setlhogo. Ene le Andrew ba rulaganya go thapa Xi e le mosupi wa tsela mo nakong ya go feleletsa malatsi a gagwe mo torokong go na le go tsena mo kgolegelong. Ka ko ntlheng e nngwe ditsuolodi di tlhasela sekolo sa ga Kate, ba ko tsaya ene le baithuti ka dikgoka fa ba tshabela kwa lefatsheng le le mabapi. Andrew,M'pudi le Xi, ba nwetse mo tirong ya bone, ba mo tseleng ya ditsuolodi le baithuti ba bo ba loga leano. Xi, o a leng monnye ka popego, o kgona go tsena fa gare ga bana a tshotse mokwalonyana wa ga Kate. Xi o dirisa digai tse di idibatsang go idibatsa ditsuolodi ba le barataro mo go ba robabobedi, se se letla Kate le bana go tsaya ditlhobolo tsa ditsuolodi. Andrew le M'puli ba ne ba tshwara ditsuolodi tse pedi tse do setseng. Hind o a goroga a bo a tsaya Kate le bana a tsamaya le bone, a itira jaaka ekete ke ene a ba falodotseng le ntswa ba faloditswe ke Andrew, M'pudi le Xi. Morago ka nako ya ga Xi ya go nna mo kgolegelong e fedile, Andrew o mo duela letseno la gagwe a bo a mo romela mo tseleng ya gagwe. Ka a sena tiriso ya madi, Xi o a a latlha. Kwa bogakoloding jwa ga M'pufi, Andrew o etela Kate go tlhalosa se a se itemogetseng sa tlhaloganyo sa go nna botlhaswa fa a le gaufi le basadi, mme mo tsamaisong ya go dira jalo o diga ditafole le dintshwana gangwe le gape tse Kate a di bayang mo tafoleng. Kate o bona maiteko a gagwe a kgatlhisa a bo a atla Andrew. Xi o felela a goroga kwa godimo ga thaba e e nang le maru a a kwa tlase a a thibelang tshupo e e kwa tlase. A dumela gore o gorogile kwa bofelong jwa lefatshe, o latlha lebotlolo mo thabeng a bo a boela kwa lolwapeng lwa gagwe. == Badiragatsi == * N!xau Toma e le Xi * Marius Weyers e le Dr. Andrew Steyn * Sandra Prinsloo e le Kate Thompson lentswe e le la ga Janet Meshad mo thanolong ya Sekgowa * Louw Verwey e le Sam Boga * Micharl Thys e le M'pudi lentswe e le la ga Pip Freedman ka thanolo ya sekgowa * Nic de Jager e le Jack Hind * Fanyana Sidumo e le karata ya ntlha * Joe Seakatsia e le karata ya bobedi * Brian O'Shaughnessy e le Mr. Thompson * Ken Gampu e le tautona Mokaedi Jamie Uys o tlhagelela mo moanelweng o o sa fiwang leina e le moruti.<ref>[[:en:Roger_Ebert|Ebert, Roger]] (1993). ''Roger Ebert's Video Companion, 1994''. [[:en:Andrews_McMeel_Publishing|Andrews and McMeel]]. p.&nbsp;260. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-8362-6244-1|<bdi>0-8362-6244-1</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>Gugler, Josef (2004). ''African Film: Re-Imagining a Continent''. Indiana University Press. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|<bdi>978-0253216434</bdi>.]]</ref> == Go diriwa == === Tlhabololo le go dira baanelwa === {{Quote|quotetext=Morago ga go dira filimi ya Animals are Beautiful People, ke ne ka boela kwa Kalahari gangwe le gape go etela Basarwa. Gangwe le gape ga ke ba etela ke ne ke itemogela se ka bone: ga ba itse ka go nna le selo. Fa ke baya baki yame fa fatshe, mongwe wa bone o tla e apara. Ba abelana sengwe le sengwe. Kwa ba leng teng ga gona sepe se o kareng ke sa gago. Go lebega go le pharologanyo le rona, ba re bolaelanang teemane, ka gore ga e bonwe motlhofo.}} -mokaedi Jamie Uys ka Basarwa.<ref name=":1" /> Jamie Uys o ne a tlelwa ke kakanyo ya The Gods Must Be Crazy fa a dira filimi ya Animals are Beautiful People ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bone. Filimi e bontlha jwa yone bo gatisitswe kwa sekakeng sa Kalahari, kwa Uys a kopaneng lantlha le Basarwa teng a ba rata.<ref name=":1" /> Uys o tlhophile lebotlolo la Coca-Cola e le selo se Basarwa ba neng ba se iponela ba se ila mo The Gods Must Be Crazy ka gore o ne a dumela gore lebotlolo le emetse setshaba sa rona sa polaseteke le la gore ke selo se sentle, fa o ise o bone galase pele.<ref name=":1" /> Uys o ne a re o ne a aga moanelwa wa ga Andrew Steyn go tshwana le ene: ke kile ka bo ke le botlhaswa jalo bogolojang mo basading. Mme ka nako eo ke akanya gore bontsi jwa makawana ba ne ba diga dilo fa ba ne le mosetsana wa ntlha.<ref name=":1" /> Morago ga go kwala The Gods Must Be Crazy, Uys go begiwa fa a ne a fetsa dikgwedi di le tharo a tsamaya mo sekakeng sa Kalahari a na le motoloki, a batla Mosarwa o o ka tshamekang seabe sa ga Xi mo filiming.<ref name=":1" /> Go etela mafelo a sekaka a a nnang Basarwa, Uys o ne a tsaya dinepe tsa batho ba a neng a akanya go ba tsenya mo filiming, a bo a tshwaya boleele le bophara gore ba kgone go ba bona gape.<ref name=":1" /> Uys o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya go dirisa molemimorui wa Mosarwa wa kwa borwa bophirima jwa Aforika ebong N!xau Toma go nna Xi, morago a gakologelwa gore pele o ne a sa tlhaloganye ka ba ne ba sena lefoko la go bereka. Motoloko o ne a botsa, 'a o ka batla go tla le rona malatsinyana?'<ref name=":1" /> N!xau o ne a dumalana a fofa le Uys go ya kwa Windhoek, kwa South West Africa (kwa e leng Namibia gompieno), kwa e neng e le boremelelo jwa go diriwa ga filimi.<ref name=":1" /> Uys o ne a re sefofane se ne se sa mo kgatlhe gotlhelele. O akanya gore re bo radijgakgamatsi, ka jalo o dumela gore re ka dira sengwe le sengwe. Go ne go sena sepe se se mo kgatlhang.<ref name=":1" /> Kwa kamoreng ya gagwe ya boroko kwa hoteleng N!xai o ne a dumela go dirisa ntlwana ya boithomelo mme a robala fa fatshe eseng mo boalong jo a neng a bo neetswe.<ref name=":1" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, go ya ka mokwadi Josef Gugler, Uys o ne a dirisa kakanyo mo go direng filimi.Dipolelo tse a neng a di bolelela batho ba ba sekasekang filimi di ne di farologana.<ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004]], p.&nbsp;73.</ref> Go farologana le se se supilweng mo The Gods Must Be Crazy, N!xau o ne a sa tshele botshelo jwa go tsoma le go phutha dilo; o godile e le modisa kwa masimong a Botswana pele ga a fudugela kwa South West Africa go bereka e le moapei.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004]], p.&nbsp;74.</ref> Mo filiming ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi ya N!ai, polelo ya mosadi wa !Kung, e kaetswe ke John Marshall, go dirisiwa tshupo ya go diriwa ga The Gods Must Be Crazy.<ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004]], p.&nbsp;73–74.</ref> Tshupo e, e supa Basarwa ba seegetswe go nna kwa lefelong le le seegetsweng kwa thoko kwa go tlhamilweng ke matona a Aforika Borwa kwa [[Tsumkwe]], South West Africa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Basarwa ba koo ba supiwa e se batsomi; mme ba ikaegile ka puso go ba fa dijo le dithuso tse dingwe, ba bangwe ba lwala kgotlholo e tona.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> === Go diriwa === The Gods Must be Crazy e diretswe kwa Tsumkwe, kwa South West Africa (kwa e leng [[Namibia]] gompieno)<ref>[[:en:Richard_Borshay_Lee|Lee, Richard]] (2003). [[iarchive:dobejuhoansi00leer|''The Dobe Juǀʼhoansi''.]] Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology (3rd&nbsp;ed.). [[:en:Cengage_Group|Wadsworth Publishing]]. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-03-032284-7|<bdi>0-03-032284-7</bdi>.]]</ref> ga mmogo le mo [[Botswana]].<ref>[https://variety.com/1980/film/reviews/the-gods-must-be-crazy-1200424844/ "The Gods Must Be Crazy"]. ''Variety''. 31 December 1980. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref><ref>Birindelli, Marie-Hélène, ed. (March–April 1990). "Tourism: natural beauty beckons". ''The Courier''. No.&nbsp;121. European Commission. ISSN&nbsp;1784-682X. Retrieved 28 July 2026. <q>[https://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00---off-0hdl--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-10&cl=CL2.22.5&d=HASHb52df2bcd52db18fbb1fbd.3.1.9 "But Botswana's Kalahari is nothing like the Sahara or even the Namibian Kalahari made famous in ''The Gods Must Be Crazy'', some of which was filmed in Botswana".]</q></ref> Go ya ka Uys, N!xau o ne a fofedisiwa kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa sekakeng sa Kalahari morago dibeke tse tharo kgotsa tse nne go mo itsa gore a lwale ka ntlha ya go gakgamalela botshelo jo bo pharologanyo.<ref name=":1" /> Ka nako ya gagwe kwa mafelong a setoropo, N!xau o ne a ithuta goga motsokwe a kgatlegela le go nwa bojalwa.<ref name=":1" /> Uys are o ne a duela N!xau di dolars di le makgolo a mararo malatsi a gagwe a ntlha a lesome mo tirong, mme madi ao go begiwa fa a ne a tsewa ke phefo.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Tangeni, Amupadhi (11 July 2003). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030731075751/http://www.namibian.com.na/2003/june/national/03E045E14E.html Cgao Coma – bridging ancient and modern".] ''The Namibian''. Archived from the original on 31 July 2003. Retrieved 228 July 2026</ref> N!xau o ne a duelwa ka dikgomo di le le,some le bobedi.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le botlhano, Uys o ne a re o ne a romeletse N!xai di dolara di le lekgolo ka kgwedi fa a sale a gatisa, a N!xau a a dirisitseng kwa lebentleleng le le dikhilomithara di le lekgolo go tswa kwa a tsomang teng;<ref name=":1" /> Uys o ne a bua gore letlole la dikete di le masome a mabedi la leina la ga N!xai le ne le butswe.<ref name=":1" /> Setshwantsho se mo go sone tshukudu e timang molelo se ikaegile ka leinane la Burmese la tshukudu e e jang molelo, e e sa itsegaleng thata mo Aforika ebile go lebega le sena boammaruri.<ref>Kershner, Kate. [https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/do-rhinos-really-stomp-out-fires.htm "Do rhinos really stomp out fires?".] ''HowStuffWorks''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> == Pina == Tsebekgolo: ''[[The Gods Must Be Crazy (mmino)]]'' == Go ntshiwa ga yone == === Box Office === The Gods Must Be Crazy e ntshitswe pele kwa Aforika Borwa ka Lwetse a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi ke Ster-Kinekor Pictures.<ref name=":0" /> Mo malatsing a yone a ntlha a le mane, filimi e ne ya feta dipalo tsa box office mo toropong nngwe le nngwe ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004,]] p.&nbsp;71.</ref> E ne ya nna filimi e e ratilweng thata ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi kwa [[Japan]], kwa e neng ya ntshiwa ka setlhogo sa ''Bushman''.<ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004]], p.&nbsp;71, 74.</ref><ref>[https://www.eiren.org/toukei/1982.html "1982年(1月〜12月)".] ''Eiren''. Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Mogatisomogolo Boet Troskie o ne a rekisa ditshwanelo tsa go anamisa filimi mo mafatsheng a le masome a mane le botlhano. Fa e ntshiwa kwa United States, puisano ya pele ya puo ya Afrikaans e ne ya ranolelwa kwa Sekgoweng, ga diriwa mantswe a teme ya !Kung le Setswana. Filimi pele e ne ya ntshiwa ka Jensen Farley Pictures ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi, mme ya seka ya dira sentle mo ditoropong di le thataro tsa maleka. Le fa go ntse jalo, filimi e ne ya felela e bona katlego ya kgwebo le go buiwa ka yone fa e ntshiwa gape ke 20th Century Fox ka Phukwi ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bone,e nna filimi ya mafatshe a sele e e rekisitseng thata kwa United States ka nako eo. Filimi gape e ne ya tshamekiwa kwa Music Hall Theater kwa Beverly Hills, Californoa dikgwedi di robabobedi. Mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tse nne e sena go ntshiwa, The Gods Must be Crazy e ne e rekisitse didikadike di le masome a robabongwe a di dolara. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone, filimo e ne ya rekisa ka bilone e le nngwe ya diranta mo lefatsheng ka bophara, a akaretsa didikadike di le masome a marataro kwa United States. === Kamogelo === Robert Ebert wa Chicago Sun-Times o ne a fa filimo dinaledi di le tharo a re go ka nna motlhofo go dira maaka ka se se diragalang kwa sekakeng, mme go thata go dira kamano e e tshegisang gareng ga tlholego le setho. Filimi e ke letlotlo. Variety e ne ya re tse di kgatlhang ka filimi ke tshupo ya mafelo a a sa tlwaelesegang le thuto mo thanolong ya yone. Fa a sekaseka filimi e Vincent Canby wa The New York Times o ne kwala a re fa o lebeletse filimi ya ga Jamie Uys ya The Gods Must Be Crazy motho o ka akanyetsa gore go ne go sena dilo tsa go nna jaaka puso ya tlhaolele kgotsa Aforika Borwa. Le ntswa a ne a bitsa filimi e a re ka dinako tse dingwe e ne e tshegisa e sa bue ka sepolotiki, o ne a supa gape fa go na le sengwe se se tshosang ka filimi ka gore re na le go akanya gore tiro epe ya Aforika Borwa e e sa kgaleng puso ya tlhaolele e seka ya reediwa fa e se ka tidimalo fela. Mo maranyeng a Rotten Tomatoes, The Gods Must be Crazy e na le palo ya 86% go ya ka ditshekatsheko di le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi, ka seelo ss 7.4 mo lesomeng. Mo go ya Metacritic, ee dirisang palo kaaretso, filimi e na le palo ya masome a supa le boraro go tswa mo lekgolong go ya ka ditshekatsheko di le thataro tse di siameng ka kakaretso. === Tse di lebelelwang kwa lwapeng === Ka Ngwanatsele a le fa gare ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borataro, The Gods Must Be Crazy e ne ya ntshiwa mo VHS kwa US ke CBS/Fox mo sekanong sa yone sa Playhouse Video. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, The Gods Must Be Crazy e ne ya ntshiwa mo DVD ke Sony Pictures Entertainment. E ne ya ntshiwa gape mo DVD gabedi e na le The Gods Must Be Crazy. == Manganga == The Gods Must Be Crazy e ne ya itemogela kgalo ya ka fa e supang bathk ba ditso dingwe ba ntseng ka teng le go ikgatholosa kgethololo le go tlhaola batho kwa Aforika Borwa. Kwa U.S filimi e ne ya lebelelwa ke bokopano jwa babueledi ba bantho le ditlhopha tse dingwe tse di kgatlhanong le tlhaolele fa e supiwa kwa 68th Playhouse kwa toropong ya New York. === Go supelwa ka monwana go nyatsa === Mokgadi wa New York Times Vincent Canby le mokwadi Josef Gugler ba ne ba re filimi e e lebela Basarwa kwa tlase. Canby o ne a kwala gore Basarwa mo filiming e ba bonwa ba sa le pharologanyo ebile ba kgatlhisa, fa go tshwantshanngwa le mafoko a  moranodi wa filimi a a neng a re Basarwa ba ka tswa ba le bone batho ba ba  itumelelang ka fa ba tshelang ka teng le selo se Mussolini a ka se buang fa a tabogisa diterena ka nako. Gugler o ne a ela tlhoko moranodi wa filimi le moanelwa Mpudi a re ba supa lonyatsi, a kwala gore fa Mpudi a utlwela Basarwa botlhoko o nyatsa fela jaaka moranodi: ke batho ba bantle, fa a tsibogela go supiwa ka monwana go bo a nyatsa, Uys o ne a re ga ke akanye gore a filimi e ya nyatsa. Fa Basarwa ba na le rona mo toropong, ke a ba nyatsa ka gore ba diso. Mme kwa sekakeng, ba a nyatsa ka gore ke seso ene o botlhale. === Go kgala mo go amanang le puso ya tlhaolele === Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le botlhano, moitseanape wa ditsk Toby Alice Volkman o ne a kwala a re madi e ne e le matshwenyego a matona mo Basarweng fa The Gods Must Be Crazy e gatisiwa, bontsi jwa bone ba ikaegike ka thuso ya puso ya dijo le dithuso tse dingwe; o ne a supa gore Basarwa ba le bantsj ba ne ba ikwadisa mo sesoleng sa Aforika Borwa ka ntlha ya dituelo tse di kwa godimo. O ne a kwala gore tumelo ya gore Basarwa ga ba na melato epe ke sone se The Gods Must Be Crazy e tumileng, ga go gakgamatse gore Mr. uys o ka batla gore re e dumele. Ga go na se se tshegisang mo lefatsheng la Basarwa: batho ba le sekete ba ba kgotlhometseng maikutlo, ba ba kileng ba bo ba ikemetse ba nna mo lefelong le le nang le kgotlholo e tona, ba tshela ka go fiwa phaletshe le sukiri, ba a nwa Johnny Walker kgotsa bojalwa jo bo dirilweng mo gae, ba lwantshana gape ba nna maloko a sesole sa Aforika Borwa. Ngwaga o o latelang,Moitseanape wa kwa Canada wa matshelo a batho Richard Borshay Lee o ne a re Ke tsela ya Aforika Borwa ya go neela ma Aforika Borwa a masweu tlotla. Lee o ne a kwala are kakanyo ya gore Basarwa bangwe ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi ga ba ise ba itemogele tlhabologo ke motlae o o setlhogo. Basarwa ba tswa kgakala ba itemogela diphetogo bogolojang mo dingwageng di le masome a mabedi tse di fitileng ba pateleditswe go emela dipoelo tsa melao ya puso ya tlhaolele kwa Namibia. Gugler o ne a kwala gore ditsuolodi mo filiming e ba supiwa e le ma Aforika a a sa siamang, a a borai ebile ba senya, mme gape ba ditshwakga le botlhaswa. Kwa bokhutlong le Kate Thompson o kgona go fenya mongwe wa bone. Moeteledipele wa bone Sam Boga, o supa se filimi e se re bontshang ka ditsuolodi tsa Aforika, ke eng ke tshwanetse go bereka le batho ba ba sa itseng sepe? Ka jalo o tlhomamisa se puso ya tlhaolele e se supang ka ma Aforika gore ba ka itumelela batho basweu fa e ne e se ka batswakwa ba baka mathata gape ba sa bue boammaruri. Gugler o tswelela ka gore Uys o supa tse di alanyediwang ka puso ya tlhaolele e mo go yone batho basweu ba leng kwa godimo, ma Aforika a itumelela fa a leng teng fa e se ka go tsenelela ga batswakwa. Fa a bodiwa dikakanyo tsa gagwe ka tlhaolele, Uys o ne a akgela ka gore ke akanya gore ke tlhakatlhakank. Re dirile dilo tsa bomatla tsa go tlhoka go utlwa tse di re tlhabisang ditlhong. Re leka go fedisa seo, mme go thata. Fa o nna bonya ga go a siama, fa o nna lobelo go tlaa senya itsholelo batho ba nne ka tlala. Ke solofela gore ga ke tlhaole batho ka lotso le mmala ebile ga ke dumele gore a ope wa rona o akanya gore o tlhaola batho ka lotso le mmala. Fa go raya gore o ila batho ba mmala, ga ke tlhaole. Fa go raya gore o tlhopha go nyala mosetsana wa lotso lwa gago a le moo le go tlhaola? Fa bobedi bo le mo leratong ga go ree sepe. Mme ke tlhophile mosetsana o mosweu go nna mosadi wa me. == Filimi e e latelang le tse di tsamaelanang == The Gods Must Be Crazy e me ya salwa morago ke kopo ya semmuso ya The Gods Must Be Crazy II, e ntshitswe ke Columbia Pictures ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe. E kwadilwe ya bo ya kaelwa ke Uys, e ntse e na le N!xai e le moanelwamogolo. E e seng ka fa tlhomamisong e e e salang morago Crazy Safari (e le yone e bidiwang The Gods Must Be Crazy III), e ne e sala morago filimi ya Hong Kong e N!xau a leng moanelwamogolo mo go yone. Tse dingwe tse di sa tlhomamisiwang di akaretsa Crazy Hong Kong (The Gods Must Be Crazy IV) le The Gods Must Be Funny in China (The Gods Must be Crazy V). Filimi e nngwe e e sa tsamaelaneng ya Jewel of the Gods e ne ya rekisiwa mo dikgaolong dingwe e le e e salang The Gods Must Be Crazy morago. == Boswa == Motshameko wa Irish o ne o na le thekiso ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi le borobabongwe e e neng e etsa filimi e. Setshwantsho sa pina ya Take me to your leader ka setlhopha sa America sa mmino wa rock sa Incubus se bua ka filimi e. == Metswedi == 3s9igtp0olhzsiglns6qzgobabod6qh 53463 53438 2026-07-28T11:04:58Z JudithShe 9421 Ke tsentse metswedi mo tsebeng e #Wikipedia25BW 53463 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Gods Must Be Crazy''' ke filimi ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi ya metlae e e kwadilweng, ya diriwa ya bo ya kaelwa ke [[Jamie Uys]]. Filimi e e kopanetsweng ke [[Aforika Borwa]] le [[Botswana]], ke filimi ya ntlha mo motseletseleng wa '''The Gods Must Be Craz'''y. E diretswe kwa borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]], moanelwamogolo wa filimi ke molemi morui wa [[Mosarwa]] wa kwa borwa bophirima jwa Aforika ebong N!xau Toma a tshameka e le Xi, motsomi ebile a phutha dilo wa kwa [[Sekaka sa Kalahari|sekakeng sa Kalahari]] o morafe wa gagwe o itemogelang lebotlolo la galase la Coca-Cola le le digilweng mo sefofaneng, ba bo ba dumela gore ke mpho go tswa kwa badimong ba bone. Fa Xi a tsaya loeto go busetsa lebotlolo lwa badimong, loeto lwa gagwe le diragala ka nako e le nngwe le lwa moitseanape wa mebele ya batho le dimela (Marius Weyers), morutabana o mosha o o sa tswang go thapiwa mo sekolong sa mp motseng (Sandra Prinsloo) le setlhopha sa ditsuolodi. The Gods Must be Crazy e ntshitswe kwa Aforika Borwa ka Lwetse a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, ke Ster-Kinekor Films, ya feta dipalo tsa go dira sentle mo lefatsheng, ya nna filimi e e dirilweng kwa Aforika Borwa e e atlegileng thata mo go tsa madi ka nako e o. <ref>Gorelik, Boris (12 July 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231833/http://www.rapport.co.za/Weekliks/Nuus/Jamie-se-treffer-Met-Uys-ja-die-wereld-in-20140712 "Jamie se treffer: Met Uys, ja – die wêreld in".] ''[[:en:Rapport_(newspaper)|Rapport]]'' (in Afrikaans). [[:en:Media24|Media24.]] Archived from [https://www.netwerk24.com/rapport the original] on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref>Filimi e ne ya atlega thata mo go tsa kgwebo mo mafatsheng a mangwe ka bontsi,mme ya tsaya sebaka go atlega kwa [[USA|United States]], kwa e neng ya ntshiwa gape ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome robabobedi le bone le kompone ya 20th Century Fox,<ref name=":0">Gugler, Josef (2003). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=fvpfLS1RC6YC&q=%22Gods+Must+Be+Crazy%22+5&pg=PA74&redir_esc=y ''African Film: Re-imagining a Continent''.] [[:en:Indiana_University_Press|Indiana University Press]]. p.&nbsp;74. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-253-21643-5|<bdi>0-253-21643-5</bdi>.]] Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> ka puisano ya yone ya puo ya [[seburu]] e ranoletsweng kwa Sekgoweng. Le ntswa e ne e atlegile, filimi e ne ya kgalelwa ka fa e supang lotso ka teng le go ikgatholosa kgethololo le tlhaolele (puso ya tlhaolele) kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Judy_Lee_Klemesrud|Klemesrud, Judy]] (28 April 1985). [https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/28/movies/the-gods-must-be-crazy-a-truly-international-hit.html "'The Gods Must Be Crazy' - A Truly International Hit"]. [[:en:The_New_York_Times|''The New York Times''.]] Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe, e ne ya salwa morago ke ya bobedi ya The Gods Must Be Crazy II. Tse dingwe tse di e salang morago tse e seng tsa semmuso di ne tsa gatisiwa kwa [[Hong Kong]] kwa N!xau a neng a tsweledisa seabe sa gagwe. == Neelano ya ditiragalo == Xi le morafe wa gagwe wa Basarwa ba nna ka boitumelo kwa sekakeng sa Kalahari, kgakala le ditlhabololo tsa madirelo. Letsatsi lengwe, lebotlolo la galase la Coca-Cola, le latlhilwe mo sefofaneng ke mokgweetsi wa sone, le wela mo mmung o o borethe le sa thubega. Batho ba ga Xi ba akanyetsa gore lebotlolo le le mpho go tswa mo badimong, fela jaaka dimela le diphologolo, ba batla ditiriso di le mmalwa tsa lone, jaaka go fodisa ditlhako tsa dipholologolo, go tshela metsi,go duba borotho, le go kgabisa ka go dira meradi e e kgolokwe. Lebotlo la galase le lengwe fela, le fa go ntse jalo, maloko a morafe a tlhoka tiriso ya lone kgapetsakgapetsa fa kgotlhang e tsoga kwa morafeng o o kileng wa bo e le wa kagiso. Ka ntlha ya se, Xi o tsaya tshwetso ya go tsaya loeto go ya kwa lefatsheng le felelang teng go latlha lebotlolo le le bakang kgaogano le. Mo ntlheng e nngwe moitsenape wa biology Andrew Steyn o o ithutang diphologolo tsa mo gae mo [[Botswana]], o fiwa tiro ke tona wa mo gae ya go tsisa Kate Thompson mosadi o o ithotseng tiro ya bojanala kwa [[Johannesburg]] Aforika Borwa kwa motseng go nna morutabana wa motse  mo Botswana. Andrew o gale le gale a leng majato ebile a dira tiro ka botswapelo, o sitega fo dira tiro mo bo leng teng jwa ga Kate. Tiro ya gagwe e diriwa boima ke sepalamo sa gagwe se e leng koloi ya Land Rover ya bogologolo e e senang marikhi e e mo tlhokang go tlola a tswa mo koloing go baya letlapa kwa tlase ga lethaere, se se shakgatsa Kate. Koloi e retelelwa ke go tlola noka e e boteng, ba tlhokega go lala kwa ntle bosigo joo, di maele di le masome a mararo go tswa kwa ba yang teng, mo Kate a go bonang e le tsela ya go batla sengwe mo go ene. Fa Andrew a apola gore a robale borokgwe jwa gagwe bo le lwa tlase, kolobe ya naga e a mo tlhasela. Fa a tabogile mo sekgwebg, o a kgopiwa a bo a wela mo go Kate o o apereng dilwana tsa boroko fela. A sa lemoge tshukudu e tima molelo wa bone, Kate o akanya gore Andrew o timile molelo go mo tshosa gore a batle tshireletso mo go ene. Moso o o latelang Kate o tshwarega mo setlhareng sa leta ka nakwana;Andrew o leka go mo falotsa mme bobedi boo bo felela bo tshwaregile botlhe ba apere dilwana tsa ka fa teng fela. Pelaelo ya ga Kate ya gore go nna botlhaswa ga ga Andrew ke go leka go mmatla lorato e ya magoletsa. Ka go goroga ga bone kwa motseng go diegile, mosupi wa bojanala Jack Hind, o goroga go thusa Kate go fetsa mosepele wa gagwe go ya motseng. Mothusi wa ga Andrew gape e le makheneke M'pudi,o o nyetseng basadi ba supa, o thusa Andrew go itlhalosetsa Kate. Mo lefatsheng le le mabapi la maitirelo, setlhopha sa Biryani, sa ditsuolodi, se se eteletsweng pele ke Sam Biga, ba bolaile matona a puso a le mararo ba gobaditse ba le babedi ba bangwe mo maitekong a go tsaya botshelo jwa ga tautona, ba batliwa ke masole. Mo loetong lwa gagwe lwa go latlha lebotlolo le le hutsitsweng, Xi o bona dipodi a bo a thuntsha e nngwe ka segai a ikaelela go e ja. O tshwarelwa dipodi tse, a bo a atlholelwa dikgwedi di le tharo mo kgolegelong. M'pudi, o o kileng a nna le Basarwa ebile a kgona go bua puo ya bone, o bona katlholo e e le setlhogo. Ene le Andrew ba rulaganya go thapa Xi e le mosupi wa tsela mo nakong ya go feleletsa malatsi a gagwe mo torokong go na le go tsena mo kgolegelong. Ka ko ntlheng e nngwe ditsuolodi di tlhasela sekolo sa ga Kate, ba ko tsaya ene le baithuti ka dikgoka fa ba tshabela kwa lefatsheng le le mabapi. Andrew,M'pudi le Xi, ba nwetse mo tirong ya bone, ba mo tseleng ya ditsuolodi le baithuti ba bo ba loga leano. Xi, o a leng monnye ka popego, o kgona go tsena fa gare ga bana a tshotse mokwalonyana wa ga Kate. Xi o dirisa digai tse di idibatsang go idibatsa ditsuolodi ba le barataro mo go ba robabobedi, se se letla Kate le bana go tsaya ditlhobolo tsa ditsuolodi. Andrew le M'puli ba ne ba tshwara ditsuolodi tse pedi tse do setseng. Hind o a goroga a bo a tsaya Kate le bana a tsamaya le bone, a itira jaaka ekete ke ene a ba falodotseng le ntswa ba faloditswe ke Andrew, M'pudi le Xi. Morago ka nako ya ga Xi ya go nna mo kgolegelong e fedile, Andrew o mo duela letseno la gagwe a bo a mo romela mo tseleng ya gagwe. Ka a sena tiriso ya madi, Xi o a a latlha. Kwa bogakoloding jwa ga M'pufi, Andrew o etela Kate go tlhalosa se a se itemogetseng sa tlhaloganyo sa go nna botlhaswa fa a le gaufi le basadi, mme mo tsamaisong ya go dira jalo o diga ditafole le dintshwana gangwe le gape tse Kate a di bayang mo tafoleng. Kate o bona maiteko a gagwe a kgatlhisa a bo a atla Andrew. Xi o felela a goroga kwa godimo ga thaba e e nang le maru a a kwa tlase a a thibelang tshupo e e kwa tlase. A dumela gore o gorogile kwa bofelong jwa lefatshe, o latlha lebotlolo mo thabeng a bo a boela kwa lolwapeng lwa gagwe. == Badiragatsi == * N!xau Toma e le Xi * Marius Weyers e le Dr. Andrew Steyn * Sandra Prinsloo e le Kate Thompson lentswe e le la ga Janet Meshad mo thanolong ya Sekgowa * Louw Verwey e le Sam Boga * Micharl Thys e le M'pudi lentswe e le la ga Pip Freedman ka thanolo ya sekgowa * Nic de Jager e le Jack Hind * Fanyana Sidumo e le karata ya ntlha * Joe Seakatsia e le karata ya bobedi * Brian O'Shaughnessy e le Mr. Thompson * Ken Gampu e le tautona Mokaedi Jamie Uys o tlhagelela mo moanelweng o o sa fiwang leina e le moruti.<ref>[[:en:Roger_Ebert|Ebert, Roger]] (1993). ''Roger Ebert's Video Companion, 1994''. [[:en:Andrews_McMeel_Publishing|Andrews and McMeel]]. p.&nbsp;260. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-8362-6244-1|<bdi>0-8362-6244-1</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>Gugler, Josef (2004). ''African Film: Re-Imagining a Continent''. Indiana University Press. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|<bdi>978-0253216434</bdi>.]]</ref> == Go diriwa == === Tlhabololo le go dira baanelwa === {{Quote|quotetext=Morago ga go dira filimi ya Animals are Beautiful People, ke ne ka boela kwa Kalahari gangwe le gape go etela Basarwa. Gangwe le gape ga ke ba etela ke ne ke itemogela se ka bone: ga ba itse ka go nna le selo. Fa ke baya baki yame fa fatshe, mongwe wa bone o tla e apara. Ba abelana sengwe le sengwe. Kwa ba leng teng ga gona sepe se o kareng ke sa gago. Go lebega go le pharologanyo le rona, ba re bolaelanang teemane, ka gore ga e bonwe motlhofo.}} -mokaedi Jamie Uys ka Basarwa.<ref name=":1" /> Jamie Uys o ne a tlelwa ke kakanyo ya The Gods Must Be Crazy fa a dira filimi ya Animals are Beautiful People ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bone. Filimi e bontlha jwa yone bo gatisitswe kwa sekakeng sa Kalahari, kwa Uys a kopaneng lantlha le Basarwa teng a ba rata.<ref name=":1" /> Uys o tlhophile lebotlolo la Coca-Cola e le selo se Basarwa ba neng ba se iponela ba se ila mo The Gods Must Be Crazy ka gore o ne a dumela gore lebotlolo le emetse setshaba sa rona sa polaseteke le la gore ke selo se sentle, fa o ise o bone galase pele.<ref name=":1" /> Uys o ne a re o ne a aga moanelwa wa ga Andrew Steyn go tshwana le ene: ke kile ka bo ke le botlhaswa jalo bogolojang mo basading. Mme ka nako eo ke akanya gore bontsi jwa makawana ba ne ba diga dilo fa ba ne le mosetsana wa ntlha.<ref name=":1" /> Morago ga go kwala The Gods Must Be Crazy, Uys go begiwa fa a ne a fetsa dikgwedi di le tharo a tsamaya mo sekakeng sa Kalahari a na le motoloki, a batla Mosarwa o o ka tshamekang seabe sa ga Xi mo filiming.<ref name=":1" /> Go etela mafelo a sekaka a a nnang Basarwa, Uys o ne a tsaya dinepe tsa batho ba a neng a akanya go ba tsenya mo filiming, a bo a tshwaya boleele le bophara gore ba kgone go ba bona gape.<ref name=":1" /> Uys o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya go dirisa molemimorui wa Mosarwa wa kwa borwa bophirima jwa Aforika ebong N!xau Toma go nna Xi, morago a gakologelwa gore pele o ne a sa tlhaloganye ka ba ne ba sena lefoko la go bereka. Motoloko o ne a botsa, 'a o ka batla go tla le rona malatsinyana?'<ref name=":1" /> N!xau o ne a dumalana a fofa le Uys go ya kwa Windhoek, kwa South West Africa (kwa e leng Namibia gompieno), kwa e neng e le boremelelo jwa go diriwa ga filimi.<ref name=":1" /> Uys o ne a re sefofane se ne se sa mo kgatlhe gotlhelele. O akanya gore re bo radijgakgamatsi, ka jalo o dumela gore re ka dira sengwe le sengwe. Go ne go sena sepe se se mo kgatlhang.<ref name=":1" /> Kwa kamoreng ya gagwe ya boroko kwa hoteleng N!xai o ne a dumela go dirisa ntlwana ya boithomelo mme a robala fa fatshe eseng mo boalong jo a neng a bo neetswe.<ref name=":1" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, go ya ka mokwadi Josef Gugler, Uys o ne a dirisa kakanyo mo go direng filimi.Dipolelo tse a neng a di bolelela batho ba ba sekasekang filimi di ne di farologana.<ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004]], p.&nbsp;73.</ref> Go farologana le se se supilweng mo The Gods Must Be Crazy, N!xau o ne a sa tshele botshelo jwa go tsoma le go phutha dilo; o godile e le modisa kwa masimong a Botswana pele ga a fudugela kwa South West Africa go bereka e le moapei.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004]], p.&nbsp;74.</ref> Mo filiming ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi ya N!ai, polelo ya mosadi wa !Kung, e kaetswe ke John Marshall, go dirisiwa tshupo ya go diriwa ga The Gods Must Be Crazy.<ref name=":3">[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004]], p.&nbsp;73–74.</ref> Tshupo e, e supa Basarwa ba seegetswe go nna kwa lefelong le le seegetsweng kwa thoko kwa go tlhamilweng ke matona a Aforika Borwa kwa [[Tsumkwe]], South West Africa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Basarwa ba koo ba supiwa e se batsomi; mme ba ikaegile ka puso go ba fa dijo le dithuso tse dingwe, ba bangwe ba lwala kgotlholo e tona.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> === Go diriwa === The Gods Must be Crazy e diretswe kwa Tsumkwe, kwa South West Africa (kwa e leng [[Namibia]] gompieno)<ref>[[:en:Richard_Borshay_Lee|Lee, Richard]] (2003). [[iarchive:dobejuhoansi00leer|''The Dobe Juǀʼhoansi''.]] Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology (3rd&nbsp;ed.). [[:en:Cengage_Group|Wadsworth Publishing]]. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-03-032284-7|<bdi>0-03-032284-7</bdi>.]]</ref> ga mmogo le mo [[Botswana]].<ref>[https://variety.com/1980/film/reviews/the-gods-must-be-crazy-1200424844/ "The Gods Must Be Crazy"]. ''Variety''. 31 December 1980. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref><ref>Birindelli, Marie-Hélène, ed. (March–April 1990). "Tourism: natural beauty beckons". ''The Courier''. No.&nbsp;121. European Commission. ISSN&nbsp;1784-682X. Retrieved 28 July 2026. <q>[https://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00---off-0hdl--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-10&cl=CL2.22.5&d=HASHb52df2bcd52db18fbb1fbd.3.1.9 "But Botswana's Kalahari is nothing like the Sahara or even the Namibian Kalahari made famous in ''The Gods Must Be Crazy'', some of which was filmed in Botswana".]</q></ref> Go ya ka Uys, N!xau o ne a fofedisiwa kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa sekakeng sa Kalahari morago dibeke tse tharo kgotsa tse nne go mo itsa gore a lwale ka ntlha ya go gakgamalela botshelo jo bo pharologanyo.<ref name=":1" /> Ka nako ya gagwe kwa mafelong a setoropo, N!xau o ne a ithuta goga motsokwe a kgatlegela le go nwa bojalwa.<ref name=":1" /> Uys are o ne a duela N!xau di dolars di le makgolo a mararo malatsi a gagwe a ntlha a lesome mo tirong, mme madi ao go begiwa fa a ne a tsewa ke phefo.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Tangeni, Amupadhi (11 July 2003). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030731075751/http://www.namibian.com.na/2003/june/national/03E045E14E.html Cgao Coma – bridging ancient and modern".] ''The Namibian''. Archived from the original on 31 July 2003. Retrieved 228 July 2026</ref> N!xau o ne a duelwa ka dikgomo di le le,some le bobedi.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le botlhano, Uys o ne a re o ne a romeletse N!xai di dolara di le lekgolo ka kgwedi fa a sale a gatisa, a N!xau a a dirisitseng kwa lebentleleng le le dikhilomithara di le lekgolo go tswa kwa a tsomang teng;<ref name=":1" /> Uys o ne a bua gore letlole la dikete di le masome a mabedi la leina la ga N!xai le ne le butswe.<ref name=":1" /> Setshwantsho se mo go sone tshukudu e timang molelo se ikaegile ka leinane la Burmese la tshukudu e e jang molelo, e e sa itsegaleng thata mo Aforika ebile go lebega le sena boammaruri.<ref>Kershner, Kate. [https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/do-rhinos-really-stomp-out-fires.htm "Do rhinos really stomp out fires?".] ''HowStuffWorks''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> == Pina == Tsebekgolo: ''[[The Gods Must Be Crazy (mmino)]]'' == Go ntshiwa ga yone == === Box Office === The Gods Must Be Crazy e ntshitswe pele kwa Aforika Borwa ka Lwetse a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi ke Ster-Kinekor Pictures.<ref name=":0" /> Mo malatsing a yone a ntlha a le mane, filimi e ne ya feta dipalo tsa box office mo toropong nngwe le nngwe ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004,]] p.&nbsp;71.</ref> E ne ya nna filimi e e ratilweng thata ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi kwa [[Japan]], kwa e neng ya ntshiwa ka setlhogo sa ''Bushman''.<ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004]], p.&nbsp;71, 74.</ref><ref>[https://www.eiren.org/toukei/1982.html "1982年(1月〜12月)".] ''Eiren''. Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Mogatisomogolo Boet Troskie o ne a rekisa ditshwanelo tsa go anamisa filimi mo mafatsheng a le masome a mane le botlhano. Fa e ntshiwa kwa United States, puisano ya pele ya puo ya Afrikaans e ne ya ranolelwa kwa Sekgoweng, ga diriwa mantswe a teme ya !Kung le [[Setswana]]. Filimi pele e ne ya ntshiwa ka Jensen Farley Pictures ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi, mme ya seka ya dira sentle mo ditoropong di le thataro tsa maleka. Le fa go ntse jalo, filimi e ne ya felela e bona katlego ya kgwebo le go buiwa ka yone fa e ntshiwa gape ke 20th Century Fox ka Phukwi ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bone,e nna filimi ya mafatshe a sele e e rekisitseng thata kwa United States ka nako eo. Filimi gape e ne ya tshamekiwa kwa Music Hall Theater kwa Beverly Hills, Californoa dikgwedi di robabobedi.<ref>Champlin, Charles (11 April 1985). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-04-11-ca-11983-story.html "Jamie Uys: He's Been Crazy About 'Gods'".] ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tse nne e sena go ntshiwa, The Gods Must be Crazy e ne e rekisitse didikadike di le masome a robabongwe a di dolara. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone, filimo e ne ya rekisa ka bilone e le nngwe ya diranta mo lefatsheng ka bophara, a akaretsa didikadike di le masome a marataro kwa United States.<ref name=":0" /> === Kamogelo === Robert Ebert wa Chicago Sun-Times o ne a fa filimo dinaledi di le tharo a re go ka nna motlhofo go dira maaka ka se se diragalang kwa sekakeng, mme go thata go dira kamano e e tshegisang gareng ga tlholego le setho. Filimi e ke letlotlo. Variety e ne ya re tse di kgatlhang ka filimi ke tshupo ya mafelo a a sa tlwaelesegang le thuto mo thanolong ya yone. Fa a sekaseka filimi e Vincent Canby wa The New York Times o ne kwala a re fa o lebeletse filimi ya ga Jamie Uys ya The Gods Must Be Crazy motho o ka akanyetsa gore go ne go sena dilo tsa go nna jaaka puso ya tlhaolele kgotsa Aforika Borwa. Le ntswa a ne a bitsa filimi e a re ka dinako tse dingwe e ne e tshegisa e sa bue ka sepolotiki, o ne a supa gape fa go na le sengwe se se tshosang ka filimi ka gore re na le go akanya gore tiro epe ya Aforika Borwa e e sa kgaleng puso ya tlhaolele e seka ya reediwa fa e se ka tidimalo fela. Mo maranyeng a Rotten Tomatoes, The Gods Must be Crazy e na le palo ya 86% go ya ka ditshekatsheko di le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi, ka seelo ss 7.4 mo lesomeng. Mo go ya Metacritic, ee dirisang palo kaaretso, filimi e na le palo ya masome a supa le boraro go tswa mo lekgolong go ya ka ditshekatsheko di le thataro tse di siameng ka kakaretso. === Tse di lebelelwang kwa lwapeng === Ka Ngwanatsele a le fa gare ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borataro, The Gods Must Be Crazy e ne ya ntshiwa mo VHS kwa US ke CBS/Fox mo sekanong sa yone sa Playhouse Video. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, The Gods Must Be Crazy e ne ya ntshiwa mo DVD ke Sony Pictures Entertainment.<ref>[https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/thegodsmustbecrazy "The Gods Must Be Crazy"]. Sony Pictures Entertainment. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> <ref>[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0001Y4LBY/ "The Gods Must Be Crazy (1980) &#x5B;DVD&#x5D;".] ''Amazon''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref>E ne ya ntshiwa gape mo DVD gabedi e na le The Gods Must Be Crazy.<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Gods-Must-Crazy-Double-Feature/dp/B00005JKU7 "The Gods Must Be Crazy I / The Gods Must Be Crazy II (Double Feature) &#x5B;DVD&#x5D;".] ''Amazon''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> == Manganga == The Gods Must Be Crazy e ne ya itemogela kgalo ya ka fa e supang bathk ba ditso dingwe ba ntseng ka teng le go ikgatholosa kgethololo le go tlhaola batho kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1" /> Kwa U.S filimi e ne ya lebelelwa ke bokopano jwa babueledi ba bantho le ditlhopha tse dingwe tse di kgatlhanong le tlhaolele fa e supiwa kwa 68th Playhouse kwa toropong ya New York.<ref name=":1" /> === Go supelwa ka monwana go nyatsa === Mokgadi wa New York Times Vincent Canby le mokwadi Josef Gugler ba ne ba re filimi e e lebela Basarwa kwa tlase.<ref name=":4">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jR2BCMeOQU "TV Commercial - 1989 - Irish Spring - Soap Bar - Tribesmen - Fresh Spring Fragrance".] ''YouTube''. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021.</ref><ref name=":3" /> Canby o ne a kwala gore Basarwa mo filiming e ba bonwa ba sa le pharologanyo ebile ba kgatlhisa, fa go tshwantshanngwa le mafoko a  moranodi wa filimi a a neng a re Basarwa ba ka tswa ba le bone batho ba ba  itumelelang ka fa ba tshelang ka teng le selo se Mussolini a ka se buang fa a tabogisa diterena ka nako.<ref>[[:en:Vincent_Canby|Canby, Vincent]] (28 October 1984). [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/28/arts/film-view-is-the-gods-must-be-crazy-only-a-comedy.html "Film View; Is 'The Gods Must Be Crazy' Only a Comedy?"]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Gugler o ne a ela tlhoko moranodi wa filimi le moanelwa Mpudi a re ba supa lonyatsi, a kwala gore fa Mpudi a utlwela Basarwa botlhoko o nyatsa fela jaaka moranodi: ke batho ba bantlenyane,<ref name=":3" /> fa a tsibogela go supiwa ka monwana go bo a nyatsa, Uys o ne a re ga ke akanye gore a filimi e ya nyatsa. Fa Basarwa ba na le rona mo toropong, ke a ba nyatsa ka gore ba diso. Mme kwa sekakeng, ba a nyatsa ka gore ke seso ene o botlhale.<ref name=":1" /> === Go kgala mo go amanang le puso ya tlhaolele === Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le botlhano, moitseanape wa ditsk Toby Alice Volkman o ne a kwala a re madi e ne e le matshwenyego a matona mo Basarweng fa The Gods Must Be Crazy e gatisiwa, bontsi jwa bone ba ikaegike ka thuso ya puso ya dijo<ref name=":5">Volkman, Toby Alice (19 May 1985). [https://www.nytimes.com/1985/05/19/opinion/l-despite-the-movie-there-s-little-to-laugh-at-in-bushmanland-249688.html "Despite the Movie, There's Little to Laugh at in Bushmanland".] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> le dithuso tse dingwe; o ne a supa gore Basarwa ba le bantsj ba ne ba ikwadisa mo sesoleng sa Aforika Borwa ka ntlha ya dituelo tse di kwa godimo.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a kwala gore tumelo ya gore Basarwa ga ba na melato epe ke sone se The Gods Must Be Crazy e tumileng, ga go gakgamatse gore Mr. uys o ka batla gore re e dumele. Ga go na se se tshegisang mo lefatsheng la Basarwa: batho ba le sekete ba ba kgotlhometseng maikutlo, ba ba kileng ba bo ba ikemetse ba nna mo lefelong le le nang le kgotlholo e tona, ba tshela ka go fiwa phaletshe le sukiri, ba a nwa Johnny Walker kgotsa bojalwa jo bo dirilweng mo gae, ba lwantshana gape ba nna maloko a sesole sa Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":5" /> Ngwaga o o latelang,Moitseanape wa kwa Canada wa matshelo a batho Richard Borshay Lee o ne a re Ke tsela ya Aforika Borwa ya go neela ma Aforika Borwa a masweu tlotla.<ref name=":6">[[:en:Richard_Borshay_Lee|Lee, Richard Borshay]] (1986). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261667597 "The Gods Must Be Crazy, but the State Has a Plan: Government Policies towards the San in Namibia"]. ''Canadian Journal of African Studies''. '''20''' (1): 91–98. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00083968.1986.10804146 10.2307/48469]7. JSTOR&nbsp;484697.</ref> Lee o ne a kwala are kakanyo ya gore Basarwa bangwe ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi ga ba ise ba itemogele tlhabologo ke motlae o o setlhogo. Basarwa ba tswa kgakala ba itemogela diphetogo bogolojang mo dingwageng di le masome a mabedi tse di fitileng ba pateleditswe go emela dipoelo tsa melao ya puso ya tlhaolele kwa Namibia.<ref name=":6" /> Gugler o ne a kwala gore ditsuolodi mo filiming e ba supiwa e le ma Aforika a a sa siamang, a a borai ebile ba senya, mme gape ba ditshwakga le botlhaswa. Kwa bokhutlong le Kate Thompson o kgona go fenya mongwe wa bone. Moeteledipele wa bone Sam Boga, o supa se filimi e se re bontshang ka ditsuolodi tsa Aforika, ke eng ke tshwanetse go bereka le batho ba ba sa itseng sepe? Ka jalo o tlhomamisa se puso ya tlhaolele e se supang ka ma Aforika gore ba ka itumelela batho basweu fa e ne e se ka batswakwa ba baka mathata gape ba sa bue boammaruri. Gugler o tswelela ka gore Uys o supa tse di alanyediwang ka puso ya tlhaolele e mo go yone batho basweu ba leng kwa godimo, ma Aforika a itumelela fa a leng teng fa e se ka go tsenelela ga batswakwa.<ref name=":3" /> Fa a bodiwa dikakanyo tsa gagwe ka tlhaolele, Uys o ne a akgela ka gore ke akanya gore ke tlhakatlhakank. Re dirile dilo tsa bomatla tsa go tlhoka go utlwa tse di re tlhabisang ditlhong. Re leka go fedisa seo, mme go thata. Fa o nna bonya ga go a siama, fa o nna lobelo go tlaa senya itsholelo batho ba nne ka tlala. Ke solofela gore ga ke tlhaole batho ka lotso le mmala ebile ga ke dumele gore a ope wa rona o akanya gore o tlhaola batho ka lotso le mmala. Fa go raya gore o ila batho ba mmala, ga ke tlhaole. Fa go raya gore o tlhopha go nyala mosetsana wa lotso lwa gago a le moo le go tlhaola? Fa bobedi bo le mo leratong ga go ree sepe. Mme ke tlhophile mosetsana o mosweu go nna mosadi wa me.<ref name=":1" /> == Filimi e e latelang le tse di tsamaelanang == The Gods Must Be Crazy e me ya salwa morago ke kopo ya semmuso ya ''The Gods Must Be Crazy II'', e ntshitswe ke Columbia Pictures ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe. E kwadilwe ya bo ya kaelwa ke Uys, e ntse e na le N!xai e le moanelwamogolo. E e seng ka fa tlhomamisong e e e salang morago Crazy Safari (e le yone e bidiwang The Gods Must Be Crazy III), e ne e sala morago filimi ya Hong Kong e N!xau a leng moanelwamogolo mo go yone. Tse dingwe tse di sa tlhomamisiwang di akaretsa Crazy Hong Kong (The Gods Must Be Crazy IV) le The Gods Must Be Funny in China (The Gods Must be Crazy V). Filimi e nngwe e e sa tsamaelaneng ya Jewel of the Gods e ne ya rekisiwa mo dikgaolong dingwe e le e e salang The Gods Must Be Crazy morago. == Boswa == Motshameko wa Irish o ne o na le thekiso ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi le borobabongwe e e neng e etsa filimi e.<ref name=":4" /> Setshwantsho sa pina ya Take me to your leader ka setlhopha sa America sa mmino wa rock sa Incubus se bua ka filimi e. == Metswedi == d9hw4gzmdvc071vwb0n3arhzjvl1gio 53464 53463 2026-07-28T11:07:45Z JudithShe 9421 Ke tsentse metswedi #Wikipedia25BW 53464 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Gods Must Be Crazy''' ke filimi ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi ya metlae e e kwadilweng, ya diriwa ya bo ya kaelwa ke [[Jamie Uys]]. Filimi e e kopanetsweng ke [[Aforika Borwa]] le [[Botswana]], ke filimi ya ntlha mo motseletseleng wa '''The Gods Must Be Craz'''y. E diretswe kwa borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]], moanelwamogolo wa filimi ke molemi morui wa [[Mosarwa]] wa kwa borwa bophirima jwa Aforika ebong N!xau Toma a tshameka e le Xi, motsomi ebile a phutha dilo wa kwa [[Sekaka sa Kalahari|sekakeng sa Kalahari]] o morafe wa gagwe o itemogelang lebotlolo la galase la Coca-Cola le le digilweng mo sefofaneng, ba bo ba dumela gore ke mpho go tswa kwa badimong ba bone. Fa Xi a tsaya loeto go busetsa lebotlolo lwa badimong, loeto lwa gagwe le diragala ka nako e le nngwe le lwa moitseanape wa mebele ya batho le dimela (Marius Weyers), morutabana o mosha o o sa tswang go thapiwa mo sekolong sa mp motseng (Sandra Prinsloo) le setlhopha sa ditsuolodi. The Gods Must be Crazy e ntshitswe kwa Aforika Borwa ka Lwetse a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, ke Ster-Kinekor Films, ya feta dipalo tsa go dira sentle mo lefatsheng, ya nna filimi e e dirilweng kwa Aforika Borwa e e atlegileng thata mo go tsa madi ka nako e o. <ref>Gorelik, Boris (12 July 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231833/http://www.rapport.co.za/Weekliks/Nuus/Jamie-se-treffer-Met-Uys-ja-die-wereld-in-20140712 "Jamie se treffer: Met Uys, ja – die wêreld in".] ''[[:en:Rapport_(newspaper)|Rapport]]'' (in Afrikaans). [[:en:Media24|Media24.]] Archived from [https://www.netwerk24.com/rapport the original] on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref>Filimi e ne ya atlega thata mo go tsa kgwebo mo mafatsheng a mangwe ka bontsi,mme ya tsaya sebaka go atlega kwa [[USA|United States]], kwa e neng ya ntshiwa gape ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome robabobedi le bone le kompone ya 20th Century Fox,<ref name=":0">Gugler, Josef (2003). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=fvpfLS1RC6YC&q=%22Gods+Must+Be+Crazy%22+5&pg=PA74&redir_esc=y ''African Film: Re-imagining a Continent''.] [[:en:Indiana_University_Press|Indiana University Press]]. p.&nbsp;74. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-253-21643-5|<bdi>0-253-21643-5</bdi>.]] Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> ka puisano ya yone ya puo ya [[seburu]] e ranoletsweng kwa Sekgoweng. Le ntswa e ne e atlegile, filimi e ne ya kgalelwa ka fa e supang lotso ka teng le go ikgatholosa kgethololo le tlhaolele (puso ya tlhaolele) kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Judy_Lee_Klemesrud|Klemesrud, Judy]] (28 April 1985). [https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/28/movies/the-gods-must-be-crazy-a-truly-international-hit.html "'The Gods Must Be Crazy' - A Truly International Hit"]. [[:en:The_New_York_Times|''The New York Times''.]] Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe, e ne ya salwa morago ke ya bobedi ya The Gods Must Be Crazy II. Tse dingwe tse di e salang morago tse e seng tsa semmuso di ne tsa gatisiwa kwa [[Hong Kong]] kwa N!xau a neng a tsweledisa seabe sa gagwe. == Neelano ya ditiragalo == Xi le morafe wa gagwe wa Basarwa ba nna ka boitumelo kwa sekakeng sa Kalahari, kgakala le ditlhabololo tsa madirelo. Letsatsi lengwe, lebotlolo la galase la Coca-Cola, le latlhilwe mo sefofaneng ke mokgweetsi wa sone, le wela mo mmung o o borethe le sa thubega. Batho ba ga Xi ba akanyetsa gore lebotlolo le le mpho go tswa mo badimong, fela jaaka dimela le diphologolo, ba batla ditiriso di le mmalwa tsa lone, jaaka go fodisa ditlhako tsa dipholologolo, go tshela metsi,go duba borotho, le go kgabisa ka go dira meradi e e kgolokwe. Lebotlo la galase le lengwe fela, le fa go ntse jalo, maloko a morafe a tlhoka tiriso ya lone kgapetsakgapetsa fa kgotlhang e tsoga kwa morafeng o o kileng wa bo e le wa kagiso. Ka ntlha ya se, Xi o tsaya tshwetso ya go tsaya loeto go ya kwa lefatsheng le felelang teng go latlha lebotlolo le le bakang kgaogano le. Mo ntlheng e nngwe moitsenape wa biology Andrew Steyn o o ithutang diphologolo tsa mo gae mo [[Botswana]], o fiwa tiro ke tona wa mo gae ya go tsisa Kate Thompson mosadi o o ithotseng tiro ya bojanala kwa [[Johannesburg]] Aforika Borwa kwa motseng go nna morutabana wa motse  mo Botswana. Andrew o gale le gale a leng majato ebile a dira tiro ka botswapelo, o sitega fo dira tiro mo bo leng teng jwa ga Kate. Tiro ya gagwe e diriwa boima ke sepalamo sa gagwe se e leng koloi ya Land Rover ya bogologolo e e senang marikhi e e mo tlhokang go tlola a tswa mo koloing go baya letlapa kwa tlase ga lethaere, se se shakgatsa Kate. Koloi e retelelwa ke go tlola noka e e boteng, ba tlhokega go lala kwa ntle bosigo joo, di maele di le masome a mararo go tswa kwa ba yang teng, mo Kate a go bonang e le tsela ya go batla sengwe mo go ene. Fa Andrew a apola gore a robale borokgwe jwa gagwe bo le lwa tlase, kolobe ya naga e a mo tlhasela. Fa a tabogile mo sekgwebg, o a kgopiwa a bo a wela mo go Kate o o apereng dilwana tsa boroko fela. A sa lemoge tshukudu e tima molelo wa bone, Kate o akanya gore Andrew o timile molelo go mo tshosa gore a batle tshireletso mo go ene. Moso o o latelang Kate o tshwarega mo setlhareng sa leta ka nakwana;Andrew o leka go mo falotsa mme bobedi boo bo felela bo tshwaregile botlhe ba apere dilwana tsa ka fa teng fela. Pelaelo ya ga Kate ya gore go nna botlhaswa ga ga Andrew ke go leka go mmatla lorato e ya magoletsa. Ka go goroga ga bone kwa motseng go diegile, mosupi wa bojanala Jack Hind, o goroga go thusa Kate go fetsa mosepele wa gagwe go ya motseng. Mothusi wa ga Andrew gape e le makheneke M'pudi,o o nyetseng basadi ba supa, o thusa Andrew go itlhalosetsa Kate. Mo lefatsheng le le mabapi la maitirelo, setlhopha sa Biryani, sa ditsuolodi, se se eteletsweng pele ke Sam Biga, ba bolaile matona a puso a le mararo ba gobaditse ba le babedi ba bangwe mo maitekong a go tsaya botshelo jwa ga tautona, ba batliwa ke masole. Mo loetong lwa gagwe lwa go latlha lebotlolo le le hutsitsweng, Xi o bona dipodi a bo a thuntsha e nngwe ka segai a ikaelela go e ja. O tshwarelwa dipodi tse, a bo a atlholelwa dikgwedi di le tharo mo kgolegelong. M'pudi, o o kileng a nna le Basarwa ebile a kgona go bua puo ya bone, o bona katlholo e e le setlhogo. Ene le Andrew ba rulaganya go thapa Xi e le mosupi wa tsela mo nakong ya go feleletsa malatsi a gagwe mo torokong go na le go tsena mo kgolegelong. Ka ko ntlheng e nngwe ditsuolodi di tlhasela sekolo sa ga Kate, ba ko tsaya ene le baithuti ka dikgoka fa ba tshabela kwa lefatsheng le le mabapi. Andrew,M'pudi le Xi, ba nwetse mo tirong ya bone, ba mo tseleng ya ditsuolodi le baithuti ba bo ba loga leano. Xi, o a leng monnye ka popego, o kgona go tsena fa gare ga bana a tshotse mokwalonyana wa ga Kate. Xi o dirisa digai tse di idibatsang go idibatsa ditsuolodi ba le barataro mo go ba robabobedi, se se letla Kate le bana go tsaya ditlhobolo tsa ditsuolodi. Andrew le M'puli ba ne ba tshwara ditsuolodi tse pedi tse do setseng. Hind o a goroga a bo a tsaya Kate le bana a tsamaya le bone, a itira jaaka ekete ke ene a ba falodotseng le ntswa ba faloditswe ke Andrew, M'pudi le Xi. Morago ka nako ya ga Xi ya go nna mo kgolegelong e fedile, Andrew o mo duela letseno la gagwe a bo a mo romela mo tseleng ya gagwe. Ka a sena tiriso ya madi, Xi o a a latlha. Kwa bogakoloding jwa ga M'pufi, Andrew o etela Kate go tlhalosa se a se itemogetseng sa tlhaloganyo sa go nna botlhaswa fa a le gaufi le basadi, mme mo tsamaisong ya go dira jalo o diga ditafole le dintshwana gangwe le gape tse Kate a di bayang mo tafoleng. Kate o bona maiteko a gagwe a kgatlhisa a bo a atla Andrew. Xi o felela a goroga kwa godimo ga thaba e e nang le maru a a kwa tlase a a thibelang tshupo e e kwa tlase. A dumela gore o gorogile kwa bofelong jwa lefatshe, o latlha lebotlolo mo thabeng a bo a boela kwa lolwapeng lwa gagwe. == Badiragatsi == * N!xau Toma e le Xi * [[Marius Weyers]] e le Dr. Andrew Steyn * Sandra Prinsloo e le Kate Thompson lentswe e le la ga Janet Meshad mo thanolong ya [[Sekgowa]] * Louw Verwey e le Sam Boga * Micharl Thys e le M'pudi lentswe e le la ga Pip Freedman ka thanolo ya sekgowa * Nic de Jager e le Jack Hind * Fanyana Sidumo e le karata ya ntlha * Joe Seakatsia e le karata ya bobedi * Brian O'Shaughnessy e le Mr. Thompson * Ken Gampu e le tautona Mokaedi Jamie Uys o tlhagelela mo moanelweng o o sa fiwang leina e le moruti.<ref>[[:en:Roger_Ebert|Ebert, Roger]] (1993). ''Roger Ebert's Video Companion, 1994''. [[:en:Andrews_McMeel_Publishing|Andrews and McMeel]]. p.&nbsp;260. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-8362-6244-1|<bdi>0-8362-6244-1</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>Gugler, Josef (2004). ''African Film: Re-Imagining a Continent''. Indiana University Press. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|<bdi>978-0253216434</bdi>.]]</ref> == Go diriwa == === Tlhabololo le go dira baanelwa === {{Quote|quotetext=Morago ga go dira filimi ya Animals are Beautiful People, ke ne ka boela kwa Kalahari gangwe le gape go etela Basarwa. Gangwe le gape ga ke ba etela ke ne ke itemogela se ka bone: ga ba itse ka go nna le selo. Fa ke baya baki yame fa fatshe, mongwe wa bone o tla e apara. Ba abelana sengwe le sengwe. Kwa ba leng teng ga gona sepe se o kareng ke sa gago. Go lebega go le pharologanyo le rona, ba re bolaelanang teemane, ka gore ga e bonwe motlhofo.}} -mokaedi Jamie Uys ka Basarwa.<ref name=":1" /> Jamie Uys o ne a tlelwa ke kakanyo ya The Gods Must Be Crazy fa a dira filimi ya Animals are Beautiful People ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bone. Filimi e bontlha jwa yone bo gatisitswe kwa sekakeng sa Kalahari, kwa Uys a kopaneng lantlha le Basarwa teng a ba rata.<ref name=":1" /> Uys o tlhophile lebotlolo la Coca-Cola e le selo se Basarwa ba neng ba se iponela ba se ila mo The Gods Must Be Crazy ka gore o ne a dumela gore lebotlolo le emetse setshaba sa rona sa polaseteke le la gore ke selo se sentle, fa o ise o bone galase pele.<ref name=":1" /> Uys o ne a re o ne a aga moanelwa wa ga Andrew Steyn go tshwana le ene: ke kile ka bo ke le botlhaswa jalo bogolojang mo basading. Mme ka nako eo ke akanya gore bontsi jwa makawana ba ne ba diga dilo fa ba ne le mosetsana wa ntlha.<ref name=":1" /> Morago ga go kwala The Gods Must Be Crazy, Uys go begiwa fa a ne a fetsa dikgwedi di le tharo a tsamaya mo sekakeng sa Kalahari a na le motoloki, a batla Mosarwa o o ka tshamekang seabe sa ga Xi mo filiming.<ref name=":1" /> Go etela mafelo a sekaka a a nnang Basarwa, Uys o ne a tsaya dinepe tsa batho ba a neng a akanya go ba tsenya mo filiming, a bo a tshwaya boleele le bophara gore ba kgone go ba bona gape.<ref name=":1" /> Uys o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya go dirisa molemimorui wa Mosarwa wa kwa borwa bophirima jwa Aforika ebong N!xau Toma go nna Xi, morago a gakologelwa gore pele o ne a sa tlhaloganye ka ba ne ba sena lefoko la go bereka. Motoloko o ne a botsa, 'a o ka batla go tla le rona malatsinyana?'<ref name=":1" /> N!xau o ne a dumalana a fofa le Uys go ya kwa Windhoek, kwa South West Africa (kwa e leng Namibia gompieno), kwa e neng e le boremelelo jwa go diriwa ga filimi.<ref name=":1" /> Uys o ne a re sefofane se ne se sa mo kgatlhe gotlhelele. O akanya gore re bo radijgakgamatsi, ka jalo o dumela gore re ka dira sengwe le sengwe. Go ne go sena sepe se se mo kgatlhang.<ref name=":1" /> Kwa kamoreng ya gagwe ya boroko kwa hoteleng N!xai o ne a dumela go dirisa ntlwana ya boithomelo mme a robala fa fatshe eseng mo boalong jo a neng a bo neetswe.<ref name=":1" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, go ya ka mokwadi Josef Gugler, Uys o ne a dirisa kakanyo mo go direng filimi.Dipolelo tse a neng a di bolelela batho ba ba sekasekang filimi di ne di farologana.<ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004]], p.&nbsp;73.</ref> Go farologana le se se supilweng mo The Gods Must Be Crazy, N!xau o ne a sa tshele botshelo jwa go tsoma le go phutha dilo; o godile e le modisa kwa masimong a Botswana pele ga a fudugela kwa South West Africa go bereka e le moapei.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004]], p.&nbsp;74.</ref> Mo filiming ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi ya N!ai, polelo ya mosadi wa !Kung, e kaetswe ke John Marshall, go dirisiwa tshupo ya go diriwa ga The Gods Must Be Crazy.<ref name=":3">[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004]], p.&nbsp;73–74.</ref> Tshupo e, e supa Basarwa ba seegetswe go nna kwa lefelong le le seegetsweng kwa thoko kwa go tlhamilweng ke matona a Aforika Borwa kwa [[Tsumkwe]], South West Africa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Basarwa ba koo ba supiwa e se batsomi; mme ba ikaegile ka puso go ba fa dijo le dithuso tse dingwe, ba bangwe ba lwala kgotlholo e tona.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> === Go diriwa === The Gods Must be Crazy e diretswe kwa Tsumkwe, kwa South West Africa (kwa e leng [[Namibia]] gompieno)<ref>[[:en:Richard_Borshay_Lee|Lee, Richard]] (2003). [[iarchive:dobejuhoansi00leer|''The Dobe Juǀʼhoansi''.]] Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology (3rd&nbsp;ed.). [[:en:Cengage_Group|Wadsworth Publishing]]. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-03-032284-7|<bdi>0-03-032284-7</bdi>.]]</ref> ga mmogo le mo [[Botswana]].<ref>[https://variety.com/1980/film/reviews/the-gods-must-be-crazy-1200424844/ "The Gods Must Be Crazy"]. ''Variety''. 31 December 1980. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref><ref>Birindelli, Marie-Hélène, ed. (March–April 1990). "Tourism: natural beauty beckons". ''The Courier''. No.&nbsp;121. European Commission. ISSN&nbsp;1784-682X. Retrieved 28 July 2026. <q>[https://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00---off-0hdl--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-10&cl=CL2.22.5&d=HASHb52df2bcd52db18fbb1fbd.3.1.9 "But Botswana's Kalahari is nothing like the Sahara or even the Namibian Kalahari made famous in ''The Gods Must Be Crazy'', some of which was filmed in Botswana".]</q></ref> Go ya ka Uys, N!xau o ne a fofedisiwa kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa sekakeng sa Kalahari morago dibeke tse tharo kgotsa tse nne go mo itsa gore a lwale ka ntlha ya go gakgamalela botshelo jo bo pharologanyo.<ref name=":1" /> Ka nako ya gagwe kwa mafelong a setoropo, N!xau o ne a ithuta goga motsokwe a kgatlegela le go nwa bojalwa.<ref name=":1" /> Uys are o ne a duela N!xau di dolars di le makgolo a mararo malatsi a gagwe a ntlha a lesome mo tirong, mme madi ao go begiwa fa a ne a tsewa ke phefo.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Tangeni, Amupadhi (11 July 2003). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030731075751/http://www.namibian.com.na/2003/june/national/03E045E14E.html Cgao Coma – bridging ancient and modern".] ''The Namibian''. Archived from the original on 31 July 2003. Retrieved 228 July 2026</ref> N!xau o ne a duelwa ka dikgomo di le le,some le bobedi.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le botlhano, Uys o ne a re o ne a romeletse N!xai di dolara di le lekgolo ka kgwedi fa a sale a gatisa, a N!xau a a dirisitseng kwa lebentleleng le le dikhilomithara di le lekgolo go tswa kwa a tsomang teng;<ref name=":1" /> Uys o ne a bua gore letlole la dikete di le masome a mabedi la leina la ga N!xai le ne le butswe.<ref name=":1" /> Setshwantsho se mo go sone tshukudu e timang molelo se ikaegile ka leinane la Burmese la tshukudu e e jang molelo, e e sa itsegaleng thata mo Aforika ebile go lebega le sena boammaruri.<ref name=":7">Kershner, Kate. [https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/do-rhinos-really-stomp-out-fires.htm "Do rhinos really stomp out fires?".] ''HowStuffWorks''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> == Pina == Tsebekgolo: ''[[The Gods Must Be Crazy (mmino)]]'' == Go ntshiwa ga yone == === Box Office === The Gods Must Be Crazy e ntshitswe pele kwa Aforika Borwa ka Lwetse a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi ke Ster-Kinekor Pictures.<ref name=":0" /> Mo malatsing a yone a ntlha a le mane, filimi e ne ya feta dipalo tsa box office mo toropong nngwe le nngwe ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004,]] p.&nbsp;71.</ref> E ne ya nna filimi e e ratilweng thata ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi kwa [[Japan]], kwa e neng ya ntshiwa ka setlhogo sa ''Bushman''.<ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253216434|Gugler 2004]], p.&nbsp;71, 74.</ref><ref>[https://www.eiren.org/toukei/1982.html "1982年(1月〜12月)".] ''Eiren''. Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Mogatisomogolo Boet Troskie o ne a rekisa ditshwanelo tsa go anamisa filimi mo mafatsheng a le masome a mane le botlhano. Fa e ntshiwa kwa United States, puisano ya pele ya puo ya Afrikaans e ne ya ranolelwa kwa Sekgoweng, ga diriwa mantswe a teme ya !Kung le [[Setswana]]. Filimi pele e ne ya ntshiwa ka Jensen Farley Pictures ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi, mme ya seka ya dira sentle mo ditoropong di le thataro tsa maleka. Le fa go ntse jalo, filimi e ne ya felela e bona katlego ya kgwebo le go buiwa ka yone fa e ntshiwa gape ke 20th Century Fox ka Phukwi ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bone,e nna filimi ya mafatshe a sele e e rekisitseng thata kwa United States ka nako eo. Filimi gape e ne ya tshamekiwa kwa Music Hall Theater kwa Beverly Hills, Californoa dikgwedi di robabobedi.<ref>Champlin, Charles (11 April 1985). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-04-11-ca-11983-story.html "Jamie Uys: He's Been Crazy About 'Gods'".] ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tse nne e sena go ntshiwa, The Gods Must be Crazy e ne e rekisitse didikadike di le masome a robabongwe a di dolara. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone, filimo e ne ya rekisa ka bilone e le nngwe ya diranta mo lefatsheng ka bophara, a akaretsa didikadike di le masome a marataro kwa United States.<ref name=":0" /> === Kamogelo === Robert Ebert wa Chicago Sun-Times o ne a fa filimo dinaledi di le tharo a re go ka nna motlhofo go dira maaka ka se se diragalang kwa sekakeng, mme go thata go dira kamano e e tshegisang gareng ga tlholego le setho.<ref>Ebert, Roger (1 January 1981). [https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-gods-must-be-crazy-1981?ki-cf-botcl=1 "The Gods Must Be Crazy movie review (1981)".] ''RogerEbert.com''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Filimi e ke letlotlo. Variety e ne ya re tse di kgatlhang ka filimi ke tshupo ya mafelo a a sa tlwaelesegang le thuto mo thanolong ya yone.<ref name=":7" /> Fa a sekaseka filimi e Vincent Canby wa The New York Times o ne kwala a re fa o lebeletse filimi ya ga Jamie Uys ya The Gods Must Be Crazy motho o ka akanyetsa gore go ne go sena dilo tsa go nna jaaka puso ya tlhaolele kgotsa Aforika Borwa. Le ntswa a ne a bitsa filimi e a re ka dinako tse dingwe e ne e tshegisa e sa bue ka sepolotiki, o ne a supa gape fa go na le sengwe se se tshosang ka filimi ka gore re na le go akanya gore tiro epe ya Aforika Borwa e e sa kgaleng puso ya tlhaolele e seka ya reediwa fa e se ka tidimalo fela.<ref name=":8" /> Mo maranyeng a Rotten Tomatoes, The Gods Must be Crazy e na le palo ya 86% go ya ka ditshekatsheko di le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi, ka seelo ss 7.4 mo lesomeng. Mo go ya Metacritic, ee dirisang palo kaaretso, filimi e na le palo ya masome a supa le boraro go tswa mo lekgolong go ya ka ditshekatsheko di le thataro tse di siameng ka kakaretso. === Tse di lebelelwang kwa lwapeng === Ka Ngwanatsele a le fa gare ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borataro, The Gods Must Be Crazy e ne ya ntshiwa mo VHS kwa US ke CBS/Fox mo sekanong sa yone sa Playhouse Video. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, The Gods Must Be Crazy e ne ya ntshiwa mo DVD ke Sony Pictures Entertainment.<ref>[https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/thegodsmustbecrazy "The Gods Must Be Crazy"]. Sony Pictures Entertainment. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> <ref>[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0001Y4LBY/ "The Gods Must Be Crazy (1980) &#x5B;DVD&#x5D;".] ''Amazon''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref>E ne ya ntshiwa gape mo DVD gabedi e na le The Gods Must Be Crazy.<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Gods-Must-Crazy-Double-Feature/dp/B00005JKU7 "The Gods Must Be Crazy I / The Gods Must Be Crazy II (Double Feature) &#x5B;DVD&#x5D;".] ''Amazon''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> == Manganga == The Gods Must Be Crazy e ne ya itemogela kgalo ya ka fa e supang bathk ba ditso dingwe ba ntseng ka teng le go ikgatholosa kgethololo le go tlhaola batho kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1" /> Kwa U.S filimi e ne ya lebelelwa ke bokopano jwa babueledi ba bantho le ditlhopha tse dingwe tse di kgatlhanong le tlhaolele fa e supiwa kwa 68th Playhouse kwa toropong ya New York.<ref name=":1" /> === Go supelwa ka monwana go nyatsa === Mokgadi wa New York Times Vincent Canby le mokwadi Josef Gugler ba ne ba re filimi e e lebela Basarwa kwa tlase.<ref name=":4">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jR2BCMeOQU "TV Commercial - 1989 - Irish Spring - Soap Bar - Tribesmen - Fresh Spring Fragrance".] ''YouTube''. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021.</ref><ref name=":3" /> Canby o ne a kwala gore Basarwa mo filiming e ba bonwa ba sa le pharologanyo ebile ba kgatlhisa, fa go tshwantshanngwa le mafoko a  moranodi wa filimi a a neng a re Basarwa ba ka tswa ba le bone batho ba ba  itumelelang ka fa ba tshelang ka teng le selo se Mussolini a ka se buang fa a tabogisa diterena ka nako.<ref name=":8">[[:en:Vincent_Canby|Canby, Vincent]] (28 October 1984). [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/28/arts/film-view-is-the-gods-must-be-crazy-only-a-comedy.html "Film View; Is 'The Gods Must Be Crazy' Only a Comedy?"]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Gugler o ne a ela tlhoko moranodi wa filimi le moanelwa Mpudi a re ba supa lonyatsi, a kwala gore fa Mpudi a utlwela Basarwa botlhoko o nyatsa fela jaaka moranodi: ke batho ba bantlenyane,<ref name=":3" /> fa a tsibogela go supiwa ka monwana go bo a nyatsa, Uys o ne a re ga ke akanye gore a filimi e ya nyatsa. Fa Basarwa ba na le rona mo toropong, ke a ba nyatsa ka gore ba diso. Mme kwa sekakeng, ba a nyatsa ka gore ke seso ene o botlhale.<ref name=":1" /> === Go kgala mo go amanang le puso ya tlhaolele === Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le botlhano, moitseanape wa ditsk Toby Alice Volkman o ne a kwala a re madi e ne e le matshwenyego a matona mo Basarweng fa The Gods Must Be Crazy e gatisiwa, bontsi jwa bone ba ikaegike ka thuso ya puso ya dijo<ref name=":5">Volkman, Toby Alice (19 May 1985). [https://www.nytimes.com/1985/05/19/opinion/l-despite-the-movie-there-s-little-to-laugh-at-in-bushmanland-249688.html "Despite the Movie, There's Little to Laugh at in Bushmanland".] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> le dithuso tse dingwe; o ne a supa gore Basarwa ba le bantsj ba ne ba ikwadisa mo sesoleng sa Aforika Borwa ka ntlha ya dituelo tse di kwa godimo.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a kwala gore tumelo ya gore Basarwa ga ba na melato epe ke sone se The Gods Must Be Crazy e tumileng, ga go gakgamatse gore Mr. uys o ka batla gore re e dumele. Ga go na se se tshegisang mo lefatsheng la Basarwa: batho ba le sekete ba ba kgotlhometseng maikutlo, ba ba kileng ba bo ba ikemetse ba nna mo lefelong le le nang le kgotlholo e tona, ba tshela ka go fiwa phaletshe le sukiri, ba a nwa Johnny Walker kgotsa bojalwa jo bo dirilweng mo gae, ba lwantshana gape ba nna maloko a sesole sa Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":5" /> Ngwaga o o latelang,Moitseanape wa kwa Canada wa matshelo a batho Richard Borshay Lee o ne a re Ke tsela ya Aforika Borwa ya go neela ma Aforika Borwa a masweu tlotla.<ref name=":6">[[:en:Richard_Borshay_Lee|Lee, Richard Borshay]] (1986). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261667597 "The Gods Must Be Crazy, but the State Has a Plan: Government Policies towards the San in Namibia"]. ''Canadian Journal of African Studies''. '''20''' (1): 91–98. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00083968.1986.10804146 10.2307/48469]7. JSTOR&nbsp;484697.</ref> Lee o ne a kwala are kakanyo ya gore Basarwa bangwe ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi ga ba ise ba itemogele tlhabologo ke motlae o o setlhogo. Basarwa ba tswa kgakala ba itemogela diphetogo bogolojang mo dingwageng di le masome a mabedi tse di fitileng ba pateleditswe go emela dipoelo tsa melao ya puso ya tlhaolele kwa Namibia.<ref name=":6" /> Gugler o ne a kwala gore ditsuolodi mo filiming e ba supiwa e le ma Aforika a a sa siamang, a a borai ebile ba senya, mme gape ba ditshwakga le botlhaswa. Kwa bokhutlong le Kate Thompson o kgona go fenya mongwe wa bone. Moeteledipele wa bone Sam Boga, o supa se filimi e se re bontshang ka ditsuolodi tsa Aforika, ke eng ke tshwanetse go bereka le batho ba ba sa itseng sepe? Ka jalo o tlhomamisa se puso ya tlhaolele e se supang ka ma Aforika gore ba ka itumelela batho basweu fa e ne e se ka batswakwa ba baka mathata gape ba sa bue boammaruri. Gugler o tswelela ka gore Uys o supa tse di alanyediwang ka puso ya tlhaolele e mo go yone batho basweu ba leng kwa godimo, ma Aforika a itumelela fa a leng teng fa e se ka go tsenelela ga batswakwa.<ref name=":3" /> Fa a bodiwa dikakanyo tsa gagwe ka tlhaolele, Uys o ne a akgela ka gore ke akanya gore ke tlhakatlhakank. Re dirile dilo tsa bomatla tsa go tlhoka go utlwa tse di re tlhabisang ditlhong. Re leka go fedisa seo, mme go thata. Fa o nna bonya ga go a siama, fa o nna lobelo go tlaa senya itsholelo batho ba nne ka tlala. Ke solofela gore ga ke tlhaole batho ka lotso le mmala ebile ga ke dumele gore a ope wa rona o akanya gore o tlhaola batho ka lotso le mmala. Fa go raya gore o ila batho ba mmala, ga ke tlhaole. Fa go raya gore o tlhopha go nyala mosetsana wa lotso lwa gago a le moo le go tlhaola? Fa bobedi bo le mo leratong ga go ree sepe. Mme ke tlhophile mosetsana o mosweu go nna mosadi wa me.<ref name=":1" /> == Filimi e e latelang le tse di tsamaelanang == The Gods Must Be Crazy e me ya salwa morago ke kopo ya semmuso ya ''The Gods Must Be Crazy II'', e ntshitswe ke Columbia Pictures ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe. E kwadilwe ya bo ya kaelwa ke Uys, e ntse e na le N!xai e le moanelwamogolo. E e seng ka fa tlhomamisong e e e salang morago Crazy Safari (e le yone e bidiwang The Gods Must Be Crazy III), e ne e sala morago filimi ya Hong Kong e N!xau a leng moanelwamogolo mo go yone. Tse dingwe tse di sa tlhomamisiwang di akaretsa Crazy Hong Kong (The Gods Must Be Crazy IV) le The Gods Must Be Funny in China (The Gods Must be Crazy V). Filimi e nngwe e e sa tsamaelaneng ya Jewel of the Gods e ne ya rekisiwa mo dikgaolong dingwe e le e e salang The Gods Must Be Crazy morago. == Boswa == Motshameko wa Irish o ne o na le thekiso ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi le borobabongwe e e neng e etsa filimi e.<ref name=":4" /> Setshwantsho sa pina ya Take me to your leader ka setlhopha sa America sa mmino wa rock sa Incubus se bua ka filimi e. == Metswedi == s5aaluusp3vjh68y07s5ujbl3wit1yl Palamente ya lesome le bobedi ya Botswana 0 14728 53441 2026-07-28T07:16:09Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya palamente ya lesome le bobedi ya Botswana #Wikipedia25BW 53441 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Palamente ya lesome le bobedi ya Botswana''' e ne e le bokopano jwa [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|khuduthama ya Botswana]], babei ba molao ba [[palamente ya Botswana]], e boloko jwa yone bo laolwang ke maduo a ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tse di tshwerweng ka Phalane a le masome a mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe. Bokopano bo nnile lantlha ka Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe ya phatlaladiwa ka Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone. == Ditlhopho == Maloko a a masome a marataro le botlhano a khuduthamaga ya Botswana a na le mapalamente a le masome a matlhano le bosupa a a tlhophilweng mo dikgaolong tsa botlhophi tse di emelwang ke ntlhopheng a le mongwe, ba tlhophilwe ka go tlhopha a le mongwe, maloko a marataro a tlhophilwe ke phathi e e busang, fa ba le babedi e le tautona le [[Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ya Botswana|motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230527225716/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/frequently-asked-questions#q1 FAQs".] ''Parliament of Botswana''. Archived from [https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/frequently-asked-questions#q1 the original] on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2019 (Botswana)]] di ne di tshwerwe ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe. Di ne tsa bona phenyo ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP) e tshegetsa bontsi jwa yone mo pusong. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Phathi ! !Ditalama !% !Ditilo !Phokotsego kgotsa koketsego |- | colspan="2" |Botswana Democratic Party |dikete di le makgolo a mane le boratarao, makgolo a matlhano masome a marataro le motso |52.65 |masome a mararo le borobabobedi |koketsego ka bongwe |- | rowspan="4" |Umbrella for Democratic Change |Botswana National Front |dikete di le lekgolo masome a mane le borobabobedi, lekgolo masome a mabedi le bobedi |19.18 |bone |e fokotsegile ka bone |- |Botswana Congress Party |dikete di le lekgolo lesome le bobedi, makgolo a mane masome a mane le bosupa |14.47 |lesome le motso |e oketsegile ka borobabobedi |- |Botswana People's Party |dikete di le lesome le borataro, makgolo a mane masome a supa |2.13 |lefela |ga e oketsega ebile ga e a fokotsega |- |Palo yotlhe |dikete di le makgolo mabedi masome a supa le bsupa, masome a supa le motso |35.88 |lesome le botlhano |e fokotsegile ka boraro |- | colspan="2" |Botswana Patriotic Front |dikete di le masome a mararo masome a mane, masome a marataro le borobabobedi |4.41 |boraro |e ntsha |- | colspan="2" |Alliance for Progressives |dikete di le masome a mararo le borbabongwe, makgolo a matlhano masome a marataro le motso |4.41 |boraro |e ntsha |- | colspan="2" |Botswana Movement for Democracy |dikete di le pedi le masome a matlhano le borobabobedi |0.27 |lefela |e fokotsegile ka borobabongwe |- | colspan="2" |Real Alternative Party |lekgolo masome a mane le botlhano |0.02 |lefela |e ntsha |- | colspan="2" |Ba ba ikemetseng |dikete di le lesome le bobedi makgolo a marataro masome a robabongwe le bone |1.64 |lefela |lefela |- | colspan="4" |Maloko a a itlhophetsweng le tautona le motsamaisa dipuisano |borobabobedi |e oketsegile ka bobedi |- | colspan="2" |Palo yotlhe |dikete di le makgolo a supa masome a supa le bobedi, lekgolo masome a matlhano le borobabobedi |lekgolo |masome a marataro le botlhano |lefela |- | colspan="2" |Ditalama tse di siameng |dikete di le makgolo a supa masome a supa le bobedi lekgolo masome a matlhano le borobabobedi |99.21 | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" |Tse di senyegileng |dikete di le thataro, lekgolo masome a robabobedi le botlhano |0.79 | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" |Ditalama tsotlhe |dikete di le makgolo a supa masome a supa le borobabbedi, makgolo a mararo masome a mne le boraro |lekgolo | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" |Go nna teng ga batlhophi ba ba ikwadisitseng |dikete di le makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le botlhano, makgolo a mane masome a supa le borobabobedi |84.10 | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="6" |Motswedi: [https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/Botswana_2019_General_Elections_REPORT(1).pdf IEC] |} == Phatlalatso ya ditilo == Tafole e e fa tlase esupa ka fa ditilo tse di masome a matlhano le bosupa di phatlaladitsweng ka teng mo tlhophong ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe, gammogo le ka fa di abilweng ka teng fa e phatlaladiwa.<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/Botswana_2019_General_Elections_REPORT(1).pdf Report to the Minister for Presidential Affairs, Governance and Public Administration on the 2019 General Elections]'' (PDF). Independent Electoral Commission (IEC). 2020.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Leina !Maemo a polotiki !Moeteledipele !maduo !ditilo fa e phatlaladiwa |- |Botswana Democratic party |legare go tsena legare kwa mojeng |Mokgweetsi Masisi |52.65 |Masome a mararo le bosupa mo go masome a matlhano le bosupa |- |Umbrella for Democratic Change |legare go tsena molema |Duma Boko |35.88 |bosupa mo masome a matlhano le bosupa |- |Botswana Congress Party |legare go ya molemeng |Dumelang Saleshando |14.57 |Bosupa mo masome a matlhano le bosupa |- |Botswana Patriotic Front |tante e tona |Mephato Reatile |4.41 |bone mo masomeng a matlhano le bosupa |} == Maloko == Le ke lenaneo la maloko a a masome a matlhano le bosupa a a tlhophilweng mo palamenteng ya lesome le bobedi ya Botswana. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kgaolo ya botlhophi !Leina !Phathi !bontsi !% ya ditlhopho tsotlhe |- |Chobe |Machana Shamukuni |BDP |Sekete, makgolo a mararo masome a supa le bolthano |58.8 |- |Maun Botlhaba |Goretetse Kekgonegile |BCP |makgolo a marataro masome a mabedi le bosupa |52.1 |- |Ngami |caterpillar Hikuama |BCP |makgolo a mararo masome a mane le bone |47.8 |} == Metswedi == l866vh2e7zco14bajw9n22cg151s5qo Draft 5 0 14729 53442 2026-07-28T07:26:35Z Lonkiey 12521 Ke kwadile ditemana dile 3 ka Glosbe. Ka tsenya le di tshupetso. 53442 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Glosbe.svg|thumb|Se ke letshwao la Glosbe]] '''Glosbe''' ke thanodi ya inthanete le bukantswe ya dipuo tse dintsi e e thusang batho go thanola mafoko, dipolelo le ditemana tsotlhe mo dipuong tse difarologaneng <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glosbe Dictionary - All Languages of the World in One Place |url=https://glosbe.com/ |access-date=2026-07-28 |website=glosbe.com |language=en}}</ref>. E simolotse go dirisiwa ka ngwaga wa 2011 ke badiri ba mananeo a [[dikhomputara]] ba kwa [[Poland]] ba ba neng ba batla go aga bukantswe e e tshegetsang dipuo tsotlhe le tse di sa buiweng thata . Gompeino glosbe e dirisiwa ke baithuti, barutabana, baranodi le batho ba ba batlang go ithuta dipuo tse dintšha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-08 |title=About Glosbe |url=https://blog.glosbe.com/post/85119355711/about-glosbe |access-date=2026-07-28 |website=Tumblr}}</ref> Glosbe e dira ka go dirisa motswako wa mafoko a bukantswe, dikao tsa dipolelo, mogopolo wa phetolelo le tsotlhe tse ditswang mo bathong ba ba tsenyang tsotlhe mo sethaleng. Fa modirisi a tsenya lefoko kgotsa polelo glosbe e bontshe diphetolelo, dikao tsa lefoko leo le dirisitsweng ka teng, modumo le tse dingwe tse dithusang go tlhaloganya bokao jwa lefoko sentle. Se se dira gore batho ba ithute dipuo ka bonako le ka nepo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Help |url=https://glosbe.com/help/editor |access-date=2026-07-28 |website=glosbe.com |language=en}}</ref> Glosbe e botlhokwa thata mo lefatsheng la phetolelo ka gonne e thusa go tlhabolola puisano magareng ga batho ba ba buang dipuo tse difarologaneng. Gape e thusa go boloka le go tshegetsa dipuo tse dinnye le tse di leng mo kotsing ya go nyelela ka go dira gore mafoko le diphetolelo tsa tsona di nne teng mo inthaneteng. Ka ntla ya seno, Glosbe ke sediriswa sa botlhokwa mo go baithuti, baranodi le mongwe le mongwe yo o batlang go tlhaloganya kgotsa go buisana ka dipuo tse di farologaneng.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Glosbe: The Wikipedia of Translators and Language Communities {{!}} Ilhem Bezzaoucha posted on the topic |url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ilhem-bezzaoucha-a4227312b_did-you-know-that-glosbe-is-in-many-ways-activity-7475581894856974336-v2-K |access-date=2026-07-28 |website=LinkedIn |language=en}}</ref> == Tshupetso == <references /> [[Karolo:Glosbe tool]] 7pp3x3hftnyjkeyoabqfzq7o2evuvo3 Glosbe 0 14730 53443 2026-07-28T07:30:00Z Lonkiey 12521 Ke kwadile ditemana dile 3 ka Glosbe. Ka tsenya le di tshupetso. 53443 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Glosbe.svg|thumb|Se ke letshwao la Glosbe]] '''Glosbe''' ke thanodi ya inthanete le bukantswe ya dipuo tse dintsi e e thusang batho go thanola mafoko, dipolelo le ditemana tsotlhe mo dipuong tse difarologaneng <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glosbe Dictionary - All Languages of the World in One Place |url=https://glosbe.com/ |access-date=2026-07-28 |website=glosbe.com |language=en}}</ref>. E simolotse go dirisiwa ka ngwaga wa 2011 ke badiri ba mananeo a [[dikhomputara]] ba kwa [[Poland]] ba ba neng ba batla go aga bukantswe e e tshegetsang dipuo tsotlhe le tse di sa buiweng thata . Gompeino glosbe e dirisiwa ke baithuti, barutabana, baranodi le batho ba ba batlang go ithuta dipuo tse dintšha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-08 |title=About Glosbe |url=https://blog.glosbe.com/post/85119355711/about-glosbe |access-date=2026-07-28 |website=Tumblr}}</ref> Glosbe e dira ka go dirisa motswako wa mafoko a bukantswe, dikao tsa dipolelo, mogopolo wa phetolelo le tsotlhe tse ditswang mo bathong ba ba tsenyang tsotlhe mo sethaleng. Fa modirisi a tsenya lefoko kgotsa polelo glosbe e bontshe diphetolelo, dikao tsa lefoko leo le dirisitsweng ka teng, modumo le tse dingwe tse dithusang go tlhaloganya bokao jwa lefoko sentle. Se se dira gore batho ba ithute dipuo ka bonako le ka nepo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Help |url=https://glosbe.com/help/editor |access-date=2026-07-28 |website=glosbe.com |language=en}}</ref> Glosbe e botlhokwa thata mo lefatsheng la phetolelo ka gonne e thusa go tlhabolola puisano magareng ga batho ba ba buang dipuo tse difarologaneng. Gape e thusa go boloka le go tshegetsa dipuo tse dinnye le tse di leng mo kotsing ya go nyelela ka go dira gore mafoko le diphetolelo tsa tsona di nne teng mo inthaneteng. Ka ntla ya seno, Glosbe ke sediriswa sa botlhokwa mo go baithuti, baranodi le mongwe le mongwe yo o batlang go tlhaloganya kgotsa go buisana ka dipuo tse di farologaneng.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Glosbe: The Wikipedia of Translators and Language Communities {{!}} Ilhem Bezzaoucha posted on the topic |url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ilhem-bezzaoucha-a4227312b_did-you-know-that-glosbe-is-in-many-ways-activity-7475581894856974336-v2-K |access-date=2026-07-28 |website=LinkedIn |language=en}}</ref> == Tshupetso == <references /> odf7ncf9laqk7tt7k4lsea9damoel64 Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Goodhope-Mmathethe mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa Botswana tsa ngwaga wa 2024 0 14731 53446 2026-07-28T08:23:58Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Goodhope-Mmathethe mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa Botswana tsa ngwaga wa 2024 #Wikipedia25BW 53446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa lefatshe la Botswana''' ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone kwa Goodhope-Mmathethe di tshwerwe ka Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone e le bontlha jwa dilthopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2024 (Botswana). E ne e le tlhopho ya ntlha ya palamente kwa kgaolong e ntsha e e neng e sa tswa go kgaoganngwa ya [[Goodhope-Mmathethe]]. Setilo se ne sa fenngwa ke [[Edwin Dikoloti|Edwin Dikoloti,]] leloko la pele la [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP) e le mopalamente gape e le tona, o a emeng e le ntlhopheng o o iekemtseng morago ga go ntshiwa mo BDP.<ref name=":0">Molefhi, Aobakwe (1 November 2024). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/82923 "Dikoloti wins Goodhope - Mmathethe".] ''DailyNews''. Botswana Press Agency. Retrieved 28 jULY 2026</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.mmegi.bw/news/bdp-grapples-with-growing-dissent-in-goodhope-mmathethe/news "BDP grapples with growing dissent in Goodhope-Mmathethe".] ''Mmegi''. 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Kgaisano e ne ya nna nngwe ya tse di etsweng tlhoko thata tsa dikgaolo tsa botlhophi tsa ditlhopho ka gore e ne e akaretsa kgotlhang ya BDP ya go tlhopha moemedi, boemedi jwa ga tona wa madi [[Peggy Serame]], mo go neng ga baka go tlhophiwa ga ntlhopheng o o ikemetsenga le nosi fela wa Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone.<ref name=":2">Seekings, Jeremy; Makgala, Christian John; Seabo, Batlang (2025). "The 2024 Elections in Botswana: Introduction to the Special Issue". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''57''': 6–7. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref><ref name=":3">Seekings, Jeremy; Makgala, Christian John; Seabo, Batlang (2025). "The 2024 Elections in Botswana: Introduction to the Special Issue". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''57''': 1–2. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> == Tse di diragetseng pele == === Kgaoganyo === Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Goodhope-Mmathethe e tlhamilwe pele ga ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone morago ga tsamaiso ya go kgaoganya dikgaolo ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi, e e neng ya oketsa palo ya dikgaolo tsa bolthophi go tswa mo masome a matlhano le bosupa go tsena masome amartaro le motso, le go fetola dikgaolo di le mmalwa le dikhansele kwa dikgotleng.<ref name=":2" /><ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 Delimitation Commission Report]'' (PDF). 2022. pp.&nbsp;92–93.</ref> Kgaolo a botlhophi e ne ya kopanya kgaolo ya Goodhope-Mabule le bontlha jwa kgaolo ya pele ya Mmathethe-Molapowabojang le melelwane ya teng e ne ya kopana go nna khansele e ntsha ya kgaolo ya Goodhope.<ref name=":2" /> Mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa Botswana tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe, dikgaolo ka bobedi tsa pele di ne di fentswe ke BDP. [[Eric Molale]] o ne a fenya [[Goodhope-Mabule]], fa Dikoloti a ne a fenya [[Mmathethe-Molapowabojang]].<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/52572 "2019 General Elections results".] ''DailyNews''. Botswana Press Agency. 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Dikoloti o ne a thapiwa go ya khuduthamageng a bereka e le tona wa botsogo ka nako ya palamente ya lesome le bobedi.<ref>[https://guardiansun.co.bw/news/politics/goodhope-mmathethe-has-highest-number-of-voters "Goodhope-Mmathethe has highest number of voters".] ''Botswana Guardian''. 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> == Ditlhopho tsa BDP tsa peo lotlhokwa == === Ditlhopho tsa peo lotlhokwa === Ditlhopho tsa BDP tsa peo lotlhokwa di tshwerwe ka Phukwi a le masome mabedi le bosupa. Dikoloti, mopalamente wa nako eo wa Mmathethe-Molapowabojang, o ne a gwetlha tlhopho ya BDP ya setilo se sesha. Serame, tona wa madi le tlhabololo itsholelo gape e le mopalamente o o itlhophetsweng ke tautona, le ene o ne a kopa tlhopho.<ref name=":4">[https://www.thegazette.news/news/dikoloti-wont-withdraw-from-bdp-primaries/ "Dikoloti Won't Withdraw From BDP Primaries".] ''The Botswana Gazette''. 17 April 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> === Ditlhopho tsa peo lotlhokwa tsa BDP tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone: Goodhope-Mmathethe<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/ThePatriotOnSunday/posts/dikoloti-wins-good-hope-mmathethefinal-results-dr-edwin-dikoloti-5839-peggy-sera/896862309138606/ "Dikoloti wins Good Hope-Mmathethe"]. ''Facebook''. The Patriot on Sunday. 22 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Phathi !Ntlhopheng !Ditalama !% |- |BDP |Edwin Dikoloti |dikete di le tlhano makgolo a robabobedi masome a mararo le borobabongwe |57.26 |- |BDP |Peggy Serame |dikete di le nne, makgolo a mararo masome a matlhano le borobabobedi |42.74 |- | colspan="2" |Ditlhopho tsotlhe |dikete di le lesome, lekgolo masome a robabongwe le bosupa |100% |} Dikoloti o ne a fenya Serame mo ditlhophong tsa peo lotlhokwa ka ditalama di le sekete, makgolo a mane masome a robabobedi le motso. Serame o ne a ikuela mabapi le maduo mme kgotlhang ya simolola g oketsega ya nna le manganga morago ga gore go buiwe magatwe a go tshwarwa ga dibokose tsa ditalama le ditsamaiso tsa phathi.<ref>[https://www.thegazette.news/news/dikoloti-mum-as-supporters-demand-answers/ "Dikoloti Mum As Supporters Demand Answers".] ''The Botswana Gazette''. 26 September 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref><ref>Mokwena, Nicholas (23 August 2024). [https://guardiansun.co.bw/news/serame-dikoloti-conundrumbdp-goodhope-mmathethe-constituency-drama-at-its-peak/news "Serame, Dikoloti conundrum: BDP Goodhope-Mmathethe Constituency drama at its peak".] ''Botswana Guardian''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> === Go rarabolola ga komiti ya legare === Kgotlhang e ne ya diragala kgatlhanong le phetogo e tona mo ditlhophong tsa bulela ditswe tsa BDP tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone. Le ntswa go ikuela ga pele le morago ga ditlhopho tsa bulela ditswe go ne go se go sha mo dikgaisanong tsa BDP, ditlhopho tsa bulela ditswe tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone tsa bulela ditswe di ne di farologanngwa ke tsela e e gagametseng ya go tlhopha e mo go yone komiti ya legare ya BDP e neng ya tlhomamisa kgotsa ya ntsha bo ntlhopheng pele ga ba ka emela dilthopho.<ref name=":4" /><ref>Makgala, Christian John (2 January 2025). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00358533.2025.2465723 "2024 Botswana election dynamics and presage for future government and governance"]. ''The Round Table''. '''114''' (1): 107–110. doi:10.1080/00358533.2025.2465723. ISSN&nbsp;0035-8533.</ref> Ba ba kgalang ba ne ba nganga gore tsamaiso e e fa boeteldipele jwa phathi kokamo e e bonalang mo go tlhopheng ntlhopheng ba tsha le dingongora tsa gore bo ntlhopheng ba ka ntshiwa ka mabaka a polotiki kgotsa bangwe ba ratiwa go gaisa ba bangwe ba ka sirelediwa mo dikgwetlhong tsa kgaisano. Komiti ya legare ya BDP morago e ne ya feta go tlhophiwa gape, ba re ke ka ntlha ya nako pele ga letsatsi la go romela ntlhopheng mme ba tlhopha Serame go nna ntlhopheng wa phathi ka melao ya phathi e e letlang komiti ya legare go tlhopha ntlhopheng fa ditlhopho tsa bulela ditswe di retetse. Dikoloti o ne a nna kgatlhanong le tshwetso ya phathi kwa kgotlatshekelong mme morago a seegelwa kwa thoko ke tautona Mokgweetsi Masisi malatsi a la masome a marataro ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le botlhano.<ref name=":1" /> == Bo ntlhopheng == === Edwin Dikoloti === Morago ga go ntshiwa mo phathing ya BDP, Dikoloti o ne a gana go nna leloko la phathi epe ya kganetso mme a ema e le ntlhopheng o o ikemetseng.<ref name=":5">[https://thepatriot.co.bw/dikoloti-snubs-opposition/ "Dikoloti snubs Opposition]". ''The Patriot on Sunday''. 2 October 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> O ne a tswelela ka kemo nokeng ya legae la gagwe, bogolojang kwa mafelong a kgaolo ya pele ya botlhophi ya Mmathethe-Molapowabojang kwa a neng a berekile e le mopalamente wa teng pele.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> === Peggy Serame === Go tlhophiwa ga ga Serame go ne ga fa BDP ntlhopheng wa maemo a ntlha. Kgaisano ya Goodhope-Mmathethe le yone e diragetse ka ntlh ya tatelano ya ditlhopho mo BDP. Fa e sale tautona [[Quett Masire]] a ithola marapo ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi, mathusa tautona a nnile ditautona pele ga ditlhopho tse di latelang, se se ba fa sebaka sa go tshwarelela pele ga ba kopa tlhopho.<ref>[https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6&Itemid=163 "History".] ''Parliament of Botswana''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Tsela e e ne e sala morago go simolodisiwa ga go lekanyetsa magato a botautona ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bosupa, le go ithola marapo ga ga Masire pele ga ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabaongwe le borobabongwe tsa kakaretso.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/news/south-africa/1998-04-03-masire-s-exit-was-it-so-righteous/ "Masire's exit: Was it so righteous?".] ''Mail & Guardian''. 3 April 1998. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Serame o ne a bonwa e le motlhatlhami wa ga Masisi o a neng a mmatla go na le mothusa tona wa nako eo [[Slumber Tsogwane]].<ref>Mailakgotla, Theo (16 October 2024). [https://guardiansun.co.bw/news/politics/tsogwane-unbothered-by-loss-of-vice-presidency "Tsogwane unbothered by loss of vice presidency".] ''Botswana Guardian''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref><ref>Basimanebotlhe, Tsaone (20 June 2022). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/the-rise-and-rise-of-serame/news "The rise and rise of Serame".] ''Mmegi''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref><ref>Mogapi, Spencer (3 May 2022). [https://www.sundaystandard.info/project-peggy-for-vp-is-now-in-full-swing/ "Project Peggy for VP is now in full swing".] ''Sunday Standard''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Baitseanape ba thuto morago ba ne ba kwala gore Masisi o ne a batla go tsena Serame mo kgaolong ya botlhophi morago ga go ithola marapo ga ga [[Eric Molale]], mme Dikoloti o ne a sa ikaelela go emela kwa thoko.<ref name=":2" /> === Kganetso le bo ntlhopheng ba ba botlana === Phathi ya UDC e ne ya tlhopha Gaone Seleka. Seleka o ne a nganga gore kgotlhang ya BDP e tlhamile tsela ya kganetso a bolotsa letsholo ka dikgang tsa tlhabololo, di akaretsa dikago, tlhaelo ya metsi, letlhoko la dirtiro, botsogo le thuto.<ref name=":6">[https://guardiansun.co.bw/news/politics/udcs-seleka-rides-on-goodhope-mmathethe-storm "UDC's Seleka rides on Goodhope-Mmathethe storm".] ''Botswana Guardian''. 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> [[Botswana Congress Party]] (BCP) e ne ya tlhopha Lesego Gatogang, fa [[Botswana Patriotic Front]] (BPF) e ne e tlhophile [[Mogomotsi Kaboeamodimo]].<ref name=":0" /> == Letsholo la go ipapatsa == Letsholo la go ipapatsa le ne le le lekhutshwane ka Dikoloti a ne a seegetswe kwa thoko sebaka sa dibeke tse tlhano pele ga dilthopho tsa kakaretso. Serame o ne a ipapatsa e le ntlhopheng o o tlhomamisitsweng wa BDP gape e le tona wa maemo a a kwa godimo, fa Dikoloti a ne a ema e le ntlhopheng o o ikemetseng ka kemo nokeng ya batlhophi ba ba neng ba le kgatlhanong le tshwetso e e tserweng ke phathi ya go mo ntsha mo go emeleng ditlhopho. Kgaoganyo ya tlhopho ya BDP e ne ya baka tsela ya gore UDC e ka iponela sengwe, ba letsholo la bone le neng le itebagantse le ditirelo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi le dikgang tsa tlhabololo.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6" /> Kgotlhang gape e ne ya fetola seemo sa kgaisano ya kgaolo e ya botlhophi. Mo boemong jwa gore e nne kgaisano e e tlhamaletseng gareng ga BDP le UDC, Goodhope-Mmathethe e ne ya nna kgaisano ya bo ntlhopheng ba le bararo e mo go yone BDP e ne e tshwanetseng go sireletsa ntlhopheng wa tlhomamiso kgatlhanong le kganetso le mopalamente wa pele wa BDP o o nang le kemo nokeng e e nonofileng. == Maduo == Dikoloti o ne a fenya Serame ka ditalama di le dikete tlhano, lekgolo masome a matlhano le motso kgotsa 18.9 pp, a nna mopalamente wa bobedi go tlhophiwa e le ntlhopheng o o ikemetseng mo ditsong tsa ditlhopho tsa Botswana. Ka ntlha ya gore kgaolo ya botlhophi eo ke nngwe ya tse di nang le batho ba le bantsi mo lefatsheng, Dikoloti o ne a amogela palo ya bobedi ka bo kwa godimo mo dilthophong ka kakaretso, a setse morago [[Karabo Gare]] wa [[Moshupa-Manyana|Moshupa-manyana.]] Fa kgaolo ya ga Dikoloti ya pele ya Mmathethe-Molapowabojang e supiwa e le yone ya pele, palo ya ga Serame go tswa kwa ditlhophong tsa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe e ne e le 41.14pp - e le tatlhegelo e e setlhogo e e iponetsweng ke BDP ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone. == Ditlamorago == Phenyo ga ga Dikoloti e ne ya elwa tlhoko thata ka gore bo ntlhopheng ba ba ikemetseng ga se gantsi ba fenya setilo mo palamenteng mo Botswana. Mmegi e ne ya tlhalosa maduo a e le a bobedi a katlego ya ntlhopheng o o ikemetseng wa palamente mo Botswana, morago ga ga Nehemiah Modubule o a neng a fenya Lobatse e le ntlhopheng o o ikemetseng ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe.<ref>Basimanebotlhe, Tsaone (5 November 2024). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/a-historic-win-for-goodhope-mmathethe-constituency/news "A historic win for Goodhope-Mmathethe Constituency".] ''Mmegi''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Sunday Standard le yone e ne ya supa tiragalo ya pele ya ga Modubule, fa ba re kgang ya ga Dikoloti e pharologanyo ka gore e supile kgaogano e e papametseng mo phathing ya gagwe pele ga ditlhopho. Dikoloti e ne e le ene fela leloko la khuduthamaga ya pele ya ga Masisi go bereka mo khuduthamageng ya ga [[Duma Boko|Boko]]. Madu e ne e le bontlha jwa go phutlhama ga BDP mo go eteleleng pele palamente ka ngwaga wa dikeet pedi masome a mabedi le bone. Mo lefatsheng ka bophara, BDP e ne ya latlhegelwa ke maatla e le lantlha fa e sale ka boipuso ya fenya ditilo di le nne fela mo go tse di masome a marataro le motso tsa palamente.<ref name=":3" /> Letsatsi leo, UDC e ne ya tsaya gape taolo ya kgaolo ya goodhope.<ref>Seekings, Jeremy; Makgala, Christian John; Seabo, Batlang (2025). "The 2024 Elections in Botswana: Introduction to the Special Issue". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''57''': 20–21. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2024 (Botswana)]] * [[Goodhope-Mmathethe]] * [[Edwin Dikoloti]] * [[Peggy Serame]] == Metswedi == kzs5nhs7a05jraay80xh43ev5gay5no Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2024 (Botswana) 0 14732 53449 2026-07-28T09:07:51Z JudithShe 9421 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365359798|2024 Botswana general election]]" 53449 wikitext text/x-wiki Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso di ne tsa tshwarwa mo [[Botswana]] ka Phalane a le masome a mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone go bona gore Palamente ya lesome le boraro ya Botswana gammogo le makgotla a selegae go ralala lefatshe leno ka bophara e tlaa bopiwa ke bomang. Go ne go tlhophilwe ditilo di le masome a marataro le motso tsa khuduthamaga ya lefatshe ga mmogo le ditilo di le makgolo a maratro le borobabongwe tsa khansele ya selegae, tsotlhe di tlhophilwe ka thulaganyo ya go tlhopha ya ntlha . Phathi ya [[Phathi ya Tomokoraga|Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP) e e neng e laola dipolotiki tsa lefatshe leno fa e sale e bona boipuso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borataro, e ne ya fenngwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke pphathi ya kganetso e e ka fa molemeng [[Umbrella for Democratic Change|ya Umbrella for Democratic Change]] (UDC). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tumediso |first=Bontle |date=2026 |title=The 2024 Botswana elections and the demise of the Botswana Democratic Party |url=https://academic.oup.com/afraf/advance-article/doi/10.1093/afraf/adag005/8499740 |journal=African Affairs |language=en |doi=10.1093/afraf/adag005 |issn=0001-9909 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Go fetoga ga batlhophi ka bontsi go ya kwa diphathing tsa kganetso go dirile gore BDP e wele mo maemong a bone. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Ndebele|first=Lenin|date=31 October 2024|title=Initial counting suggests Botswana may just get a new ruling party after 58 years|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/africa/news/initial-counting-suggests-botswana-may-just-get-a-new-ruling-party-after-58-years-20241031|work=News24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-10-31|title=Early Botswana Vote Tallies Point to Shock Loss For Ruling Party|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-10-31/botswana-election-early-tallies-point-to-shock-loss-for-ruling-party|work=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=du Plessis|first=Carien|date=31 October 2024|title=Botswana: Early election count sparks opposition optimism|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/366666/botswana-early-election-count-sparks-opposition-optimism/|work=The Africa Report}}</ref> UDC e ne ya tsaya maemo a ntlha ka manno a le masome a mararo le borataro, bontsi e le a matlhano. Se se ne sa netefatsa gore [[Duma Boko]], moeteledipele wa UDC le phathi ya yone e tona, e [[Botswana National Front|leng Botswana National Front]] ( BNF ), o tla tlhophiwa go nna [[tautona wa Botswana]] . Phathi ya [[Botswana Congress Party]] ( BCP ) e ne ya tsaya maemo a bobedi, mme la yone phathi ya kganetso ya semmuso . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-01 |title=NEW REPUBLIC |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/news/new-republic/news |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=Mmegi Online |language=en}}</ref> Phathi ya [[Botswana Patriotic Front]] (BPF) e iponetse kgolo e e bonalang mo [[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Bogare]], ka go oketsa palo ya manno a yone. BDP e ne ya fokodiwa go nna le ditilo di le nne fela, ya latlhegelwa ke masome a robabongwe mo lekgolong ya boemedi jwa yone mo palamenteng mo go nngwe ya diphenyo tse di maswe go gaisa tse di kileng tsa itemogelwa ke puso e e mo palamenteng. Mo mosong wa Ngwanatsele a rogwa, tautona o o mo maemong a botautona [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] o ne a dumela gore o fentswe mme a netefatsa gore puso e fetisiwa ka kagiso. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana election: Duma Boko – the politician who did the unthinkable |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2yx5nk1l0o?xtor=AL-72-%5Bpartner%5D-%5Bbbc.news.twitter%5D-%5Bheadline%5D-%5Bnews%5D-%5Bbizdev%5D-%5Bisapi%5D&at_campaign=Social_Flow&at_campaign_type=owned&at_link_id=5F2B5D36-987B-11EF-AF2F-A1C2AD3A0A2C&at_format=link&at_ptr_name=twitter&at_bbc_team=editorial&at_link_origin=BBCWorld&at_medium=social&at_link_type=web_link |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mo motshegareng o o Boko o ne a ikanisiwa ke Moatlhodimogolo [[Terence Rannowane]], a bopa puso ya ntlha fa e saleka boipuso e e neng e se na seabe sa BDP. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Duma Boko sworn in as Botswana's new president |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/duma-boko-sworn-in-as-botswana-s-new-president/3381189 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref> == Tse di diragetseng pele == === Ditlhopho tse di fetileng === Ditlhopho tse di neng di tshwerwe ka la bo Phalane a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe, di bone BDP e tshegetsa bontsi jwa yona jwa palamente lekghetho la lesome le bobedi ka go latelana, e bona 53% ya ditalama le manno a le masome a mararo le borobabobedi mo go a le masome a matlhano le bouspa, e leng palo e le nngwe go feta mo [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2014 (Botswana)|ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa 2014 (Botswana)]] . UDC e ne ya bona ditalama di le 36% le ditilo di le lesome le botlhano, di le kwa tlase ka bobedi go tswa mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone. Ditlhopho tse, di ne tsa tshwaya go baakanya sepolotiki se segolo mo sepolotiking sa Botswana. Se, ke ka ntlha ya gore [[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Kgaolo ya Bogare]] (e e neng e tshegetsa BDP ka tlhomamo, ka palogare ya 75% ya ditalama fa e sale ka ditlhopho tsa ntlha ka tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le botlhano) e ne ya bona diphetogo tse dikgolo mo kganetsong ka ntlha yakemo nokeng ya ga [[Botswana Patriotic Front|tautonawa]] pele [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] ya phathi e e neng e sa tswa go tlhamiwa ya Botswana Patriotic Front (BPF), le bo ntlhopheng ba UDC, kwa BPF e neng e sena bo ntlhopheng teng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seabo |first=Batlang |last2=Nyenhuis |first2=Robert |date=2021-11-23 |title=Botswana's 2019 General Elections: A Referendum on General Ian Khama |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/botswanas-2019-general-elections-a-referendum-on-general-ian-khama/025D7A45D5F26B1A8045E91529DCAAB5#access-block |journal=African Studies Review |language=en |volume=64 |issue=4 |pages=854–883 |doi=10.1017/asr.2021.69 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=244539238 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> UDC le BPF di ne tsa gapa manno a le lesome le bongwe mo go a le lesome le bosupa mo kgaolong eo, mme e le lantlha phathi e sele e seng ya BDP e gapa setilo mo kgaolong eo. Le fa go ntse jalo, BDP e ne ya bona dipoelo tse di bonalang mo dikgaolong tse dingwe, ya bona manno otlhe mo Gaborone le dikgaolo tse di kwa borwa jwa lefatshe leno, mme se sa fokotsa kgatelopele ya UDC. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last1=Chutel|first1=Lynsey|date=2019-10-25|title=Botswana Election Won by President, Despite Rift with Predecessor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/25/world/africa/botswana-election-mokgweetsi-masisi.html|journal=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=26 November 2019|title=Botswana opposition challenges election result in court|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1Y00QO/|journal=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Ditlamorago tsa ditlhopho tse di tlhalosiwang e le go kgopisega di ne tsa lebisiwa mo maitekong a ga Tautona Masisi a go boelana le dikarolo tsa setshaba tse pele di neng di sa dumalane le Khama, jaaka makgotla an babereki, a kemo nokeng ya bone e neng e fokotsegile mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone. Go utlwana ga baeteledipele ba UDC le Khama, yo o santseng a sa ratiwe ke batlhophi ba ditoropo le ba borwa, go dirile gore UDC e latlhegelwe ke tshegetso mo gare ga setlhopha sa yone sa kganetso sa kwa borwa. <ref name=":0" /> Fa balebeledi ba mafatshefatshe ba ne ba tsaya gore ditlhopho di "gololesegile e bile di siame", <ref>{{Cite news|title=Botswana's Masisi retains presidency as BDP wins election|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-election-idUSKBN1X40KS/}}</ref> [[Duma Boko]] o ne a ganetsana le phenyo ya BDP, a supa diphoso tse di bonalang tsa ditlhopho. <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=Botswana opposition challenges election result in court|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1Y00QO/}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1Y00QO/ "Botswana opposition challenges election result in court"]. </cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/botswana/freedom-world/2020 |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}</ref> Le fa UDC e ne e bolela gore e ne ya tlhopha makgetlho a le mantsi le go neela badiredi ba ditlhopho pipamolomo, boikuelo jwa bone jwa go dira gore ditlhopho di se ka tsa nna le mosola bo ne jwa kgaolwa ke kgotlatshekelokgolo ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe. Le fa Kgotlatshekelo ya boikuelo e ne ya dumela go reetsa tsheko e ka Firikgong ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi, moragonyana e ne ya kgaolwa ka ntlha ya go tlhoka o o e okametseng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |date=2020-01-31 |title=Court of Appeal ends UDC petition case with dismissal |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/news/court-of-appeal-ends-udc-petition-case-with-dismissal/news |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Mmegi Online |language=en}}</ref> === Tse di diragetseng pele ka diphathi tsa kganetso pele ga ditlhopho === Morago ga ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe, go ne ga nna le diphathi di le tharo tsa kganetso mo khuduthamageng— [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] (UDC), [[Botswana Patriotic Front]] (BPF) le [[Alliance for Progressives]] (AP). Ka Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi, BPF e ne ya ikgolaganya le UDC, ya kopanya diphathi tsotlhe tsa kganetso kwa ntle ga AP. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=5 October 2022 |title="BPF is a member of UDC" – Mohwasa |url=https://www.thegazette.news/news/bpf-is-a-member-of-udc-mohwasa/ |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=Botswana Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Phathi ya [[Botswana Congress Party]] (BCP), phathi e kgolo ya UDC fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa, e ne e supile kgatlhego ya go tswa mo kgolaganong ya UDC ka ntlha ya go sa dumalane magareng ga moeteledipele wa BCP, [[Dumelang Saleshando]] le moeteledipele wa UDC, [[Duma Boko]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tlhankane |first=Mompati |date=2022-12-26 |title=Boko, Saleshando exchanges |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/news/boko-saleshando-exchanges/news |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=Mmegi Online |language=en}}</ref> Saleshando o ne a emisa go nna Moeteledipele wa Kganetso kwa khuduthamageng ysa Botswanan, morago ga gore setlhopha sa maloko a palamente a UDC se se neng se kopantswe ke baganetsi ba le batlhano ba BCP, se mo tlhophe gore a se ka a nna mo maemong ao ka Phukwi ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=KEORAPETSE NEW LOO |url=https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/68042 |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=dailynews.gov.bw}}</ref> BCP e ne ya dira kakanyo ya go tlhama bokopano jwa ditlhopho le AP le phathi e e sa tswang go tlhamiwa, ya Botswana Labour Party (phathi e nnye e e kgaoganeng [[Botswana National Front|ya Botswana National Front]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tlhankane |first=Mompati |date=27 February 2023 |title=BCP yet to officially ditch UDC |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/ampArticle/107185 |access-date=28 March 2023 |website=[[Mmegi|Mmegi Online]]}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, AP e ne ya ikgogela morago mo dipuisanong tsa tirisanommogo morago ga go sa dumalane le BCP bogolo segolo ka ntlha ya go sa dumalane ka kabo ya dikgaolo tsa ditlhopho, ya tlhopha go kopana le UDC boemong jwa seo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-17 |title=AP withdraws from cooperation talks |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/news/ap-withdraws-from-cooperation-talks/news |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=[[Mmegi]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dube |first=Chakalisa |date=2023-07-31 |title=AP joins fight against vote 'rigging' |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/news/ap-joins-fight-against-vote-rigging/news |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=[[Mmegi Online]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro, komiti ya legare ya BCP e ne ya fetsa ka bongwefela jwa pelo gore e tseye karolo mo ditlhophong tsa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone e kgaogane le kgolagano ya UDC. Phathi e umakile matshwenyego a go tlhokomologa puso ya batho ka batho ga UDC ya mo teng ga phathi le go nna mo kotsing ga moeteledipele wa phathi ya bone go tshwarwa ke "dikgatlhego tsa mohama o o ikemetseng", jaaka mabaka a go tswa ga bone. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana Congress Party |url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0mzrBGJNTFA6GHKrf9TFR6VCvMZDdiTN8zwB8Gf4KejMDt4aPupRuvULzh9rVmrNJl&id=100050397913844 |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=Facebook |language=en}}</ref> Morago ga go boela morago ga boeteledipele jwa phathi ka Moranang ngwaga wa dikeet pedi masome a mabedi le bone, BPF e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go tswa mo kgolaganong ya UDC, ya tlhopha go dirisana mmogo mo go neng go tlaa bona BPF e sa nne le bontlhopheng mo dikgaolong tsa tlhopho tse e neng e tsaya gore ga di ka ke tsa fenngwa mme UDC e dira jalo mo dikgaolong tse BPF e ka fenyang mo go tsone ka boeteledipele jwa UDC, boemong jwa go gana ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa UDC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BPF has decided to use own symbol come October elections |url=https://www.facebook.com/TheWeekendPostBW/posts/pfbid0oXo3VyjNfQrfUusNwgC526Bqdp7s62kAEPjXdDQtXko83mrwYf7M4wKM2JAZrpRl |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=Facebook}}</ref> Letsholo la ditlhopho le bone gape go boa ga ga tautona wa pele [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]], motshwaya diphoso wa tautona o o mo maemong [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], morago ga dingwaga di le tharo tsa go ipeela botshabelo ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana votes with ruling party aiming to extend six decades of power |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241030-botswana-votes-with-ruling-party-aiming-to-extend-six-decades-of-power |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=France 24}}</ref> Khama o ne a ema BPF nokeng mo ditlhophong. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana holds an election where the diamond trade has become a central issue |url=https://apnews.com/article/botswana-election-bdp-masisi-7ae583e904f30e4fe3df3e6de2ecefb6 |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=Associated Press}}</ref> === Popego ya palamente === [[Palamente ya lesome le bobedi ya Botswana|Palamente ya bo lesome le bobedi]] e tlhomilwe ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe. [[Dumelang Saleshando]] o ne a emeletse [[Duma Boko]] jaaka Moeteledipele wa diphathi tsa kganetso kwa khuduthamageng ya lefatshe morago ga go fenngwa ga ga Boko kwa ditlhophong tsa kakaretso. Pele ga thibelo ya go kgabaganya diphathi ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le boraro, Khuduthamaga e ne ya bona maloko a palamente a mabedi a BDP le maloko a palamente a le mabedi a UDC a fetogela kwa UDC le BDP, ka go latelana. Ditlhopho tsa tlaleletso di ne tsa tsosiwa mo kgaolong ya botlhophi ya Serowe Bophirima morago ga go lelekwa ga [[Tshekedi Khama II|ga Tshekedi Khama]] mo palamenteng morago ga gore a tshabele kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] le morwarraagwe (le tautona wa pele), Ian Khama, mme se sa dira gore a se ka a nna le palo e e kwa tlase ya dikopano tse di tlhokegang go tshegetsa setilo sa gagwe. Ditlhopho tsa tlaleletso tsa Serowe bophirima tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le boraro di ne tsa tshwarwa ka Phukwi ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le boraro mme tsa bona BPF e boloka setilo seo ka bontsi jo bogolo. Yandani Boko, yo e kileng ya bo e le Mopalamente wa UDC kwa Mahalapye Botlhaba, o ithotse tiro mo Palamenteng ya lefatshe ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone. Ga go a ka ga tshwarwa ditlhopho tsa tlaleletso tsa setulo sa gagwe ka gonne go ne go tsewa gore go ne go le gaufi thata le go phatlaladiwa ga palamente, go solofetswe ka Phatwe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=The rise and fall of Yandani Boko |url=https://thepatriot.co.bw/the-rise-and-fall-of-yandani-boko/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Patriot On Sunday |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Basimanebotlhe |first=Tsaone |date=2024-03-18 |title=Boko's exit leaves workers stranded at Mahalapye East |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/news/bokos-exit-leaves-workers-stranded-at-mahalapye-east/news |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=[[Mmegi Online]] |language=en}}</ref> == Tsamaiso ya ditlhopho == bgvsjrkcwqqufae9naom7d6bl83rvpc 53459 53449 2026-07-28T10:44:12Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 53459 wikitext text/x-wiki Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso di ne tsa tshwarwa mo [[Botswana]] ka Phalane a le masome a mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone go bona gore Palamente ya lesome le boraro ya Botswana gammogo le makgotla a selegae go ralala lefatshe leno ka bophara e tlaa bopiwa ke bomang. Go ne go tlhophilwe ditilo di le masome a marataro le motso tsa khuduthamaga ya lefatshe ga mmogo le ditilo di le makgolo a maratro le borobabongwe tsa khansele ya selegae, tsotlhe di tlhophilwe ka thulaganyo ya go tlhopha ya ntlha . Phathi ya [[Phathi ya Tomokoraga|Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP) e e neng e laola dipolotiki tsa lefatshe leno fa e sale e bona boipuso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borataro, e ne ya fenngwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke pphathi ya kganetso e e ka fa molemeng [[Umbrella for Democratic Change|ya Umbrella for Democratic Change]] (UDC). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tumediso |first=Bontle |date=2026 |title=The 2024 Botswana elections and the demise of the Botswana Democratic Party |url=https://academic.oup.com/afraf/advance-article/doi/10.1093/afraf/adag005/8499740 |journal=African Affairs |language=en |doi=10.1093/afraf/adag005 |issn=0001-9909 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Go fetoga ga batlhophi ka bontsi go ya kwa diphathing tsa kganetso go dirile gore BDP e wele mo maemong a bone. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Ndebele|first=Lenin|date=31 October 2024|title=Initial counting suggests Botswana may just get a new ruling party after 58 years|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/africa/news/initial-counting-suggests-botswana-may-just-get-a-new-ruling-party-after-58-years-20241031|work=News24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-10-31|title=Early Botswana Vote Tallies Point to Shock Loss For Ruling Party|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-10-31/botswana-election-early-tallies-point-to-shock-loss-for-ruling-party|work=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=du Plessis|first=Carien|date=31 October 2024|title=Botswana: Early election count sparks opposition optimism|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/366666/botswana-early-election-count-sparks-opposition-optimism/|work=The Africa Report}}</ref> UDC e ne ya tsaya maemo a ntlha ka manno a le masome a mararo le borataro, bontsi e le a matlhano. Se se ne sa netefatsa gore [[Duma Boko]], moeteledipele wa UDC le phathi ya yone e tona, e [[Botswana National Front|leng Botswana National Front]] ( BNF ), o tla tlhophiwa go nna [[tautona wa Botswana]] . Phathi ya [[Botswana Congress Party]] ( BCP ) e ne ya tsaya maemo a bobedi, mme la yone phathi ya kganetso ya semmuso . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-01 |title=NEW REPUBLIC |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/news/new-republic/news |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=Mmegi Online |language=en}}</ref> Phathi ya [[Botswana Patriotic Front]] (BPF) e iponetse kgolo e e bonalang mo [[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Bogare]], ka go oketsa palo ya manno a yone. BDP e ne ya fokodiwa go nna le ditilo di le nne fela, ya latlhegelwa ke masome a robabongwe mo lekgolong ya boemedi jwa yone mo palamenteng mo go nngwe ya diphenyo tse di maswe go gaisa tse di kileng tsa itemogelwa ke puso e e mo palamenteng. Mo mosong wa Ngwanatsele a rogwa, tautona o o mo maemong a botautona [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] o ne a dumela gore o fentswe mme a netefatsa gore puso e fetisiwa ka kagiso. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana election: Duma Boko – the politician who did the unthinkable |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2yx5nk1l0o?xtor=AL-72-%5Bpartner%5D-%5Bbbc.news.twitter%5D-%5Bheadline%5D-%5Bnews%5D-%5Bbizdev%5D-%5Bisapi%5D&at_campaign=Social_Flow&at_campaign_type=owned&at_link_id=5F2B5D36-987B-11EF-AF2F-A1C2AD3A0A2C&at_format=link&at_ptr_name=twitter&at_bbc_team=editorial&at_link_origin=BBCWorld&at_medium=social&at_link_type=web_link |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mo motshegareng o o Boko o ne a ikanisiwa ke Moatlhodimogolo [[Terence Rannowane]], a bopa puso ya ntlha fa e saleka boipuso e e neng e se na seabe sa BDP. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Duma Boko sworn in as Botswana's new president |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/duma-boko-sworn-in-as-botswana-s-new-president/3381189 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref> == Tse di diragetseng pele == === Ditlhopho tse di fetileng === Ditlhopho tse di neng di tshwerwe ka la bo Phalane a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe, di bone BDP e tshegetsa bontsi jwa yona jwa palamente lekghetho la lesome le bobedi ka go latelana, e bona 53% ya ditalama le manno a le masome a mararo le borobabobedi mo go a le masome a matlhano le bouspa, e leng palo e le nngwe go feta mo [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2014 (Botswana)|ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa 2014 (Botswana)]] . UDC e ne ya bona ditalama di le 36% le ditilo di le lesome le botlhano, di le kwa tlase ka bobedi go tswa mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone. Ditlhopho tse, di ne tsa tshwaya go baakanya sepolotiki se segolo mo sepolotiking sa Botswana. Se, ke ka ntlha ya gore [[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Kgaolo ya Bogare]] (e e neng e tshegetsa BDP ka tlhomamo, ka palogare ya 75% ya ditalama fa e sale ka ditlhopho tsa ntlha ka tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le botlhano) e ne ya bona diphetogo tse dikgolo mo kganetsong ka ntlha yakemo nokeng ya ga [[Botswana Patriotic Front|tautonawa]] pele [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] ya phathi e e neng e sa tswa go tlhamiwa ya Botswana Patriotic Front (BPF), le bo ntlhopheng ba UDC, kwa BPF e neng e sena bo ntlhopheng teng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seabo |first=Batlang |last2=Nyenhuis |first2=Robert |date=2021-11-23 |title=Botswana's 2019 General Elections: A Referendum on General Ian Khama |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/botswanas-2019-general-elections-a-referendum-on-general-ian-khama/025D7A45D5F26B1A8045E91529DCAAB5#access-block |journal=African Studies Review |language=en |volume=64 |issue=4 |pages=854–883 |doi=10.1017/asr.2021.69 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=244539238 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> UDC le BPF di ne tsa gapa manno a le lesome le bongwe mo go a le lesome le bosupa mo kgaolong eo, mme e le lantlha phathi e sele e seng ya BDP e gapa setilo mo kgaolong eo. Le fa go ntse jalo, BDP e ne ya bona dipoelo tse di bonalang mo dikgaolong tse dingwe, ya bona manno otlhe mo Gaborone le dikgaolo tse di kwa borwa jwa lefatshe leno, mme se sa fokotsa kgatelopele ya UDC. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last1=Chutel|first1=Lynsey|date=2019-10-25|title=Botswana Election Won by President, Despite Rift with Predecessor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/25/world/africa/botswana-election-mokgweetsi-masisi.html|journal=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=26 November 2019|title=Botswana opposition challenges election result in court|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1Y00QO/|journal=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Ditlamorago tsa ditlhopho tse di tlhalosiwang e le go kgopisega di ne tsa lebisiwa mo maitekong a ga Tautona Masisi a go boelana le dikarolo tsa setshaba tse pele di neng di sa dumalane le Khama, jaaka makgotla an babereki, a kemo nokeng ya bone e neng e fokotsegile mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone. Go utlwana ga baeteledipele ba UDC le Khama, yo o santseng a sa ratiwe ke batlhophi ba ditoropo le ba borwa, go dirile gore UDC e latlhegelwe ke tshegetso mo gare ga setlhopha sa yone sa kganetso sa kwa borwa. <ref name=":0" /> Fa balebeledi ba mafatshefatshe ba ne ba tsaya gore ditlhopho di "gololesegile e bile di siame", <ref>{{Cite news|title=Botswana's Masisi retains presidency as BDP wins election|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-election-idUSKBN1X40KS/}}</ref> [[Duma Boko]] o ne a ganetsana le phenyo ya BDP, a supa diphoso tse di bonalang tsa ditlhopho. <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=Botswana opposition challenges election result in court|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1Y00QO/}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1Y00QO/ "Botswana opposition challenges election result in court"]. </cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/botswana/freedom-world/2020 |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}</ref> Le fa UDC e ne e bolela gore e ne ya tlhopha makgetlho a le mantsi le go neela badiredi ba ditlhopho pipamolomo, boikuelo jwa bone jwa go dira gore ditlhopho di se ka tsa nna le mosola bo ne jwa kgaolwa ke kgotlatshekelokgolo ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe. Le fa Kgotlatshekelo ya boikuelo e ne ya dumela go reetsa tsheko e ka Firikgong ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi, moragonyana e ne ya kgaolwa ka ntlha ya go tlhoka o o e okametseng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |date=2020-01-31 |title=Court of Appeal ends UDC petition case with dismissal |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/news/court-of-appeal-ends-udc-petition-case-with-dismissal/news |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Mmegi Online |language=en}}</ref> === Tse di diragetseng pele ka diphathi tsa kganetso pele ga ditlhopho === Morago ga ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe, go ne ga nna le diphathi di le tharo tsa kganetso mo khuduthamageng— [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] (UDC), [[Botswana Patriotic Front]] (BPF) le [[Alliance for Progressives]] (AP). Ka Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi, BPF e ne ya ikgolaganya le UDC, ya kopanya diphathi tsotlhe tsa kganetso kwa ntle ga AP. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=5 October 2022 |title="BPF is a member of UDC" – Mohwasa |url=https://www.thegazette.news/news/bpf-is-a-member-of-udc-mohwasa/ |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=Botswana Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Phathi ya [[Botswana Congress Party]] (BCP), phathi e kgolo ya UDC fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa, e ne e supile kgatlhego ya go tswa mo kgolaganong ya UDC ka ntlha ya go sa dumalane magareng ga moeteledipele wa BCP, [[Dumelang Saleshando]] le moeteledipele wa UDC, [[Duma Boko]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tlhankane |first=Mompati |date=2022-12-26 |title=Boko, Saleshando exchanges |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/news/boko-saleshando-exchanges/news |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=Mmegi Online |language=en}}</ref> Saleshando o ne a emisa go nna Moeteledipele wa Kganetso kwa khuduthamageng ysa Botswanan, morago ga gore setlhopha sa maloko a palamente a UDC se se neng se kopantswe ke baganetsi ba le batlhano ba BCP, se mo tlhophe gore a se ka a nna mo maemong ao ka Phukwi ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=KEORAPETSE NEW LOO |url=https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/68042 |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=dailynews.gov.bw}}</ref> BCP e ne ya dira kakanyo ya go tlhama bokopano jwa ditlhopho le AP le phathi e e sa tswang go tlhamiwa, ya Botswana Labour Party (phathi e nnye e e kgaoganeng [[Botswana National Front|ya Botswana National Front]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tlhankane |first=Mompati |date=27 February 2023 |title=BCP yet to officially ditch UDC |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/ampArticle/107185 |access-date=28 March 2023 |website=[[Mmegi|Mmegi Online]]}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, AP e ne ya ikgogela morago mo dipuisanong tsa tirisanommogo morago ga go sa dumalane le BCP bogolo segolo ka ntlha ya go sa dumalane ka kabo ya dikgaolo tsa ditlhopho, ya tlhopha go kopana le UDC boemong jwa seo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-17 |title=AP withdraws from cooperation talks |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/news/ap-withdraws-from-cooperation-talks/news |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=[[Mmegi]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dube |first=Chakalisa |date=2023-07-31 |title=AP joins fight against vote 'rigging' |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/news/ap-joins-fight-against-vote-rigging/news |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=[[Mmegi Online]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro, komiti ya legare ya BCP e ne ya fetsa ka bongwefela jwa pelo gore e tseye karolo mo ditlhophong tsa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone e kgaogane le kgolagano ya UDC. Phathi e umakile matshwenyego a go tlhokomologa puso ya batho ka batho ga UDC ya mo teng ga phathi le go nna mo kotsing ga moeteledipele wa phathi ya bone go tshwarwa ke "dikgatlhego tsa mohama o o ikemetseng", jaaka mabaka a go tswa ga bone. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana Congress Party |url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0mzrBGJNTFA6GHKrf9TFR6VCvMZDdiTN8zwB8Gf4KejMDt4aPupRuvULzh9rVmrNJl&id=100050397913844 |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=Facebook |language=en}}</ref> Morago ga go boela morago ga boeteledipele jwa phathi ka Moranang ngwaga wa dikeet pedi masome a mabedi le bone, BPF e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go tswa mo kgolaganong ya UDC, ya tlhopha go dirisana mmogo mo go neng go tlaa bona BPF e sa nne le bontlhopheng mo dikgaolong tsa tlhopho tse e neng e tsaya gore ga di ka ke tsa fenngwa mme UDC e dira jalo mo dikgaolong tse BPF e ka fenyang mo go tsone ka boeteledipele jwa UDC, boemong jwa go gana ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa UDC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BPF has decided to use own symbol come October elections |url=https://www.facebook.com/TheWeekendPostBW/posts/pfbid0oXo3VyjNfQrfUusNwgC526Bqdp7s62kAEPjXdDQtXko83mrwYf7M4wKM2JAZrpRl |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=Facebook}}</ref> Letsholo la ditlhopho le bone gape go boa ga ga tautona wa pele [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]], motshwaya diphoso wa tautona o o mo maemong [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], morago ga dingwaga di le tharo tsa go ipeela botshabelo ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana votes with ruling party aiming to extend six decades of power |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241030-botswana-votes-with-ruling-party-aiming-to-extend-six-decades-of-power |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=France 24}}</ref> Khama o ne a ema BPF nokeng mo ditlhophong. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana holds an election where the diamond trade has become a central issue |url=https://apnews.com/article/botswana-election-bdp-masisi-7ae583e904f30e4fe3df3e6de2ecefb6 |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=Associated Press}}</ref> === Popego ya palamente === [[Palamente ya lesome le bobedi ya Botswana|Palamente ya bo lesome le bobedi]] e tlhomilwe ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe. [[Dumelang Saleshando]] o ne a emeletse [[Duma Boko]] jaaka Moeteledipele wa diphathi tsa kganetso kwa khuduthamageng ya lefatshe morago ga go fenngwa ga ga Boko kwa ditlhophong tsa kakaretso. Pele ga thibelo ya go kgabaganya diphathi ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le boraro, Khuduthamaga e ne ya bona maloko a palamente a mabedi a BDP le maloko a palamente a le mabedi a UDC a fetogela kwa UDC le BDP, ka go latelana. Ditlhopho tsa tlaleletso di ne tsa tsosiwa mo kgaolong ya botlhophi ya Serowe Bophirima morago ga go lelekwa ga [[Tshekedi Khama II|ga Tshekedi Khama]] mo palamenteng morago ga gore a tshabele kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] le morwarraagwe (le tautona wa pele), Ian Khama, mme se sa dira gore a se ka a nna le palo e e kwa tlase ya dikopano tse di tlhokegang go tshegetsa setilo sa gagwe. Ditlhopho tsa tlaleletso tsa Serowe bophirima tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le boraro di ne tsa tshwarwa ka Phukwi ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le boraro mme tsa bona BPF e boloka setilo seo ka bontsi jo bogolo. Yandani Boko, yo e kileng ya bo e le Mopalamente wa UDC kwa [[Mahalapye Botlhaba]], o ithotse tiro mo Palamenteng ya lefatshe ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone. Ga go a ka ga tshwarwa ditlhopho tsa tlaleletso tsa setulo sa gagwe ka gonne go ne go tsewa gore go ne go le gaufi thata le go phatlaladiwa ga palamente, go solofetswe ka Phatwe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=The rise and fall of Yandani Boko |url=https://thepatriot.co.bw/the-rise-and-fall-of-yandani-boko/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Patriot On Sunday |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Basimanebotlhe |first=Tsaone |date=2024-03-18 |title=Boko's exit leaves workers stranded at Mahalapye East |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/news/bokos-exit-leaves-workers-stranded-at-mahalapye-east/news |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=[[Mmegi Online]] |language=en}}</ref> == Tsamaiso ya ditlhopho == Mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone, boloko jwa khuduthamaga ya Botswana ke mapalamente ba le masome a marataro le motso ba ba tlhophilweng mo dikgaolong tsa botlhophi tsa ntlhopheng a le mongwe phathi nngwe le nngwe, maloko a le marataro ba ba tlhophilweng ke phathi e e busang le ba le babbedi (tautona le motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente)<ref>[https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/frequently-asked-questions#q1 "FAQs".] ''Parliament of Botswana''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Batlhophi ba tlhokiwa go bo e le baagedi ba Botswana ba le dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi le go feta, gape ba ntse mo Botswana sebaka sa dikgwedi di le lesome le bobedi pele ga ikwadiso. Batho ba ba lwalang tlhaloganyo, ba na le boagedi jwa mafatshe a mabedi, ba atlholetswe loso, ba lebisitswe molato wa dilthopho kgotsa ba le mo kgolegelong dikgwedi di le thataro ga ba letlelelwe go tlhopha.<ref name=":2">[http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2041_B.htm Electoral system] IPU</ref> Bo ntlhopheng ba tshwanetse gore e bo e le baagedi ba Botswana, ba le dingwaga di feta masome a mabedi le motso, ba sa tshona thata gape ba kgona go bua le go baal [[Sekgowa]] sentle gore ba nne bontlha jwa dipuisano tsa palamente.<ref name=":2" /> Gape ba tshwanetse go iponela tlhopho ya batho ba le babedi mo kagolong ya bone ya botlhophi le kemo nokeng ya ba le supa. Go tlhokiwa madi a peeletso, a a busiwang fa ntlhopheng a ka amogela lesome le botlhano mo lekgolong la tlhopho ya kgaolo. Maloko a [[Ntlo ya Dikgosi tsa Botswana|Ntlo Ya Dikgosi]] ga ba a tshwanela go emela ditlhopho.<ref name=":2" /> Tautona o tlhophiwa sebaka sa dingwaga di le tlhano ke khuduthamaga. Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bosupa, bo tautona ba thswanetse go nna dingwaga di sa fete lesome mo ofising, di tlhatlhologana kgotsa di sa tlhatlhologane.<ref>[https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6&Itemid=163 "History".] ''www.parliament.gov.bw''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 452iliik478som2vljggmmehxvsz1so Thamaga-Kumakwane 0 14733 53451 2026-07-28T09:35:48Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Thamaga-Kumakwane #Wikipedia25BW 53451 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thamaga-Kumakwane''' ke kgaolo ya botlhophi kwa kgaolong ya [[Kweneng]] e e emetsweng ke [[Palelo Motaosane]], mopalamente wa BDP kwa [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|khuduthamageng ya Botswana]] fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe. == Popego ya kgaolo ya botlhophi == Kgaolo ya Thamaga-Kumakwane e sale e nna teng fa e sale ka ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa lefatshe tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robababongwe masome a marataro fa e gaisanelwa e le Kweneng Borwa. Kgaolo e ya botlhophi e kile ya itsege gape ka leina la '''Thamaga,''' pele ga e fetolwa leina go nna Thamaga-Kumakwane go tswa ka dilthopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone go ya pele. Kgaolo e kwa bophirima jwa Gaborone e diriwa ke metse ya Thamaga le Kumakwane. E akaretsa bontlha jwa masimo a a kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Botswana le lebante la maage le metse setoropo gareng ga toropokgolo le dikagolo tsa Kweneng. Dikgaolo tsa yone di akaretsa metse e go iwang gaufi le Gaborone go duwa kwa go yone mo Gaborone le metsana e mengwe. Kgaolo e ke nngwe ya tse di santseng di tshwareletswe ke BDP. Jaaka kgaolo ee mabapi ya Moshupa-Manyana, ga ise ke e ise mopalamente ope kwa pusong kwa ntle ga wa BDP. Se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya dikgaolo tsa ditlhopho di le mmalwa mo Botswana kwa BDP e santseng e tshwere boemedi mo go tsone fa e sale ditlhopho tsa ntlha. Mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone, fa BDP e latlhegelwa e le lantlha e fenya fela dikgaolo tsa botlhophi tse nne, Thamaga-Kumakwane e ne e le nngwe ya dikgaolo tse pedi tse phathi e di fentseng. Kgaolo e na le magae a a latelang:<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 Delimitation Commission Report]'' (PDF). 2022. pp.&nbsp;70–71.</ref> # [[Thamaga]] # [[Kumakwane]] # [[Ramaphatle]] # [[Gakgatla]] # [[Kubung]] == Metswedi == lq1uifmr4867ay91iyn1c795ynkgt2q 53456 53451 2026-07-28T10:23:30Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 53456 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thamaga-Kumakwane''' ke kgaolo ya botlhophi kwa kgaolong ya [[Kweneng]] e e emetsweng ke [[Palelo Motaosane]], mopalamente wa BDP kwa [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|khuduthamageng ya Botswana]] fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe. == Popego ya kgaolo ya botlhophi == Kgaolo ya Thamaga-Kumakwane e sale e nna teng fa e sale ka ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa lefatshe tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robababongwe masome a marataro fa e gaisanelwa e le Kweneng Borwa. Kgaolo e ya botlhophi e kile ya itsege gape ka leina la '''Thamaga,''' pele ga e fetolwa leina go nna Thamaga-Kumakwane go tswa ka dilthopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone go ya pele. Kgaolo e kwa bophirima jwa Gaborone e diriwa ke metse ya Thamaga le Kumakwane. E akaretsa bontlha jwa masimo a a kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Botswana le lebante la maage le metse setoropo gareng ga toropokgolo le dikagolo tsa Kweneng. Dikgaolo tsa yone di akaretsa metse e go iwang gaufi le Gaborone go duwa kwa go yone mo Gaborone le metsana e mengwe. Kgaolo e ke nngwe ya tse di santseng di tshwareletswe ke BDP. Jaaka kgaolo ee mabapi ya Moshupa-Manyana, ga ise ke e ise mopalamente ope kwa pusong kwa ntle ga wa BDP. Se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya dikgaolo tsa ditlhopho di le mmalwa mo Botswana kwa BDP e santseng e tshwere boemedi mo go tsone fa e sale ditlhopho tsa ntlha. Mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone, fa BDP e latlhegelwa e le lantlha e fenya fela dikgaolo tsa botlhophi tse nne, Thamaga-Kumakwane e ne e le nngwe ya dikgaolo tse pedi tse phathi e di fentseng. Kgaolo e na le magae a a latelang:<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 Delimitation Commission Report]'' (PDF). 2022. pp.&nbsp;70–71.</ref> # [[Thamaga]] # [[Kumakwane]] # [[Ramaphatle]] # [[Gakgatla]] # [[Kubung]] == Mapalamente == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Tlhopho !Mofenyi |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a roabongwe masome a marataro le botlhano | rowspan="2" |Johnson Nkoane |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borobabongwe |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bone |[[Peter Mmusi]] |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borobabongwe | rowspan="2" |[[Englishman Kgabo]] |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a robabaobedi le bone |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a robabaobedi le borobabongwe |[[Peter Mmusi]] |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robababongwe masome a robabongwe le bone | rowspan="3" |[[Gladys Kokorwe]] |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga a sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a robabaongwe le borobabongwe |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |John Seakgosing |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone |[[Tshenolo Mabeo]] |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe | rowspan="2" |Palelo Motaosane |- |Ditlhopho tsa dikete pedi masome amabedi le bone |} == Maduo a ditlhopho == Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone == Metswedi == 071d4ec1a94gui0kufv2mjgfy7oiz6r 53465 53456 2026-07-28T11:11:34Z JudithShe 9421 kE TSENTSE TAFOLE YA MADU #wikipedia25BW 53465 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thamaga-Kumakwane''' ke kgaolo ya botlhophi kwa kgaolong ya [[Kweneng]] e e emetsweng ke [[Palelo Motaosane]], mopalamente wa BDP kwa [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|khuduthamageng ya Botswana]] fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe. == Popego ya kgaolo ya botlhophi == Kgaolo ya Thamaga-Kumakwane e sale e nna teng fa e sale ka ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa lefatshe tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robababongwe masome a marataro fa e gaisanelwa e le Kweneng Borwa. Kgaolo e ya botlhophi e kile ya itsege gape ka leina la '''Thamaga,''' pele ga e fetolwa leina go nna Thamaga-Kumakwane go tswa ka dilthopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone go ya pele. Kgaolo e kwa bophirima jwa Gaborone e diriwa ke metse ya Thamaga le Kumakwane. E akaretsa bontlha jwa masimo a a kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Botswana le lebante la maage le metse setoropo gareng ga toropokgolo le dikagolo tsa Kweneng. Dikgaolo tsa yone di akaretsa metse e go iwang gaufi le Gaborone go duwa kwa go yone mo Gaborone le metsana e mengwe. Kgaolo e ke nngwe ya tse di santseng di tshwareletswe ke BDP. Jaaka kgaolo ee mabapi ya Moshupa-Manyana, ga ise ke e ise mopalamente ope kwa pusong kwa ntle ga wa BDP. Se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya dikgaolo tsa ditlhopho di le mmalwa mo Botswana kwa BDP e santseng e tshwere boemedi mo go tsone fa e sale ditlhopho tsa ntlha. Mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone, fa BDP e latlhegelwa e le lantlha e fenya fela dikgaolo tsa botlhophi tse nne, Thamaga-Kumakwane e ne e le nngwe ya dikgaolo tse pedi tse phathi e di fentseng. Kgaolo e na le magae a a latelang:<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 Delimitation Commission Report]'' (PDF). 2022. pp.&nbsp;70–71.</ref> # [[Thamaga]] # [[Kumakwane]] # [[Ramaphatle]] # [[Gakgatla]] # [[Kubung]] == Mapalamente == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Tlhopho !Mofenyi |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a roabongwe masome a marataro le botlhano | rowspan="2" |Johnson Nkoane |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borobabongwe |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bone |[[Peter Mmusi]] |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borobabongwe | rowspan="2" |[[Englishman Kgabo]] |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a robabaobedi le bone |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a robabaobedi le borobabongwe |[[Peter Mmusi]] |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robababongwe masome a robabongwe le bone | rowspan="3" |[[Gladys Kokorwe]] |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga a sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a robabaongwe le borobabongwe |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |John Seakgosing |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone |[[Tshenolo Mabeo]] |- |Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe | rowspan="2" |Palelo Motaosane |- |Ditlhopho tsa dikete pedi masome amabedi le bone |} == Maduo a ditlhopho == Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone {| class="wikitable" |+ !Phathi !Ntlhopheng !Ditalama !% !a e oketsegile kgotsa e fokotsegile |- |BDP |Palelo Motaosane |Dikete di le robabobedi makgolo a mararo le lesome |53.29 |e fokotsegile ka 24.15 |- |UDC |Kopano Rannatshe |dikete di le thataro lekgolo lesome le borobabongwe |39.24 |e oketsegile ka 19.96 |- |BCP |Seatla mookodi |sekete, lekgolo, masome a marataro le borataro |7.48 |N/A |} == Metswedi == j2lqvt40sanrwlr4fz05cxgn808u5ps Simon Moabi 0 14734 53455 2026-07-28T10:13:56Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Simon Moabi #Wikipedia25BW 53455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Simon Moabi|office=Mopalamente wa [[Tati Bophirima]]|termstart=Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 2019|termend=Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 2024|predecessor=[[Biggie Butale]]|successor=Justin Hunyepa|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party]]}} '''Simon Moabi''' ke mopolotiki wa Motswana le mopalamente wa pele wa kgaolo ya botlhophi ya [[Tati Bophirima]] mo [[Palamente ya lesome le bobedi ya Botswana|palamenteng ya lesome le bobedi ya Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone. == Ditso tsa ditlhopho == === 2019 === {| class="wikitable" |+Dilthopho kakaretso tsa 2019: Tati Bophirma<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/Botswana_2019_General_Elections_REPORT(1).pdf Report to the Minister for Presidential Affairs, Governance and Public Administration on the 2019 General Elections]'' (PDF). Independent Electoral Commission (IEC). 2020.</ref> !Phathi !Ntlhopheng !Ditalama !% !a e fokotsegile kana e oketsegile |- |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |Simon Moabi |dikete di le thataro makgolo a mabedi masome a mararo le borataro |49.33 | +6.40 |- |[[Umbrella for Democratic Change|UDC]] |Makhani Tshepo |dikete di le nne makgolo a supa masome a robabobedi le boraro |37.84 | +4.47 |- |[[Botswana Patriotic Front|BPF]] |Biggie Butale |sekete,makgolo a marataro masome a mabedi le bobedi |12.83 |N/A |- | colspan="2" |Pharologanyo ya Phenyo |sekete, makgolo a mane masome a matlhano le boraro |11.49 | +1.93 |- | colspan="2" |Ditlhopho tsotlhe tse di dumeletseng |dikete di le lesome le bobedi makgolo a marataro masome a mane le motso |99.40 | +0.19 |- | colspan="2" |Tse di senyegileng |masome a supa le borataro |0.79 | -0.19 |- | colspan="2" |palo ya batho ba ba tsileng |dikete di le lesome le bobedi makgolo a supa lesoome le bosupa |88.64 | +3.30 |} === Ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone === Moabi o ne a kgalelwa go sa bue kwa bokopanong jwa palamente, e le wa ntlha mo lenaaneng la mapalamente a a sa direng tiro.<ref>Chida, Daniel (2023-08-15). [https://thevoicebw.com/the-silent-and-underperforming-mps/ "The silent and underperforming MPS » TheVoiceBW"]. ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> O ne a kgalwa gape ke Mmegi go sa dirise madi sentle mo kgaolong ya gagwe mo tseleng e e amanyang Mbalambi, Sekakangwe le Kalakamat ka ntlha ya gore madi e ne e le didikadike di le lesome tsa dipula, mme kakanyetso ya aa dirisitsweng mo stelelng e le lesome go feta madi ao. O ne a itshwarelela ka tshwetso ya gagwe ka go tlhalosa gore madi a tshwanetse go dirisiwa mo kgaolong yotlhe ya botlhophi eseng go kgaoganngwa metse, a latofatsa gore madi a jaanong ke motshelo.<ref>Balise, Joseph (2023-06-19). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/tati-west-legislator-fends-off-potential-backlash/news "Tati West legislator fends off potential backlash".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 28 july 2026</ref> Ntlhopheng wa UDP [[Justin Hunyepa]] o ne a ngongoregela gore phathi e e busang ya BDP e ne e senya letsholo la gagwe la go ipapatsa ka go ntsha mekwalo mo metseng e tshwana le [[Masunga]] le Mlambakwena ba dirisa madi a lefatshe. O ne a ngongoregela gape gore mekwalo ya ipapatso ya ga Moabi e ntsheditswe madi ke puso ene o a ituelela.<ref>Mkhutshwa, Lesedi (2024-10-08). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/tati-west-political-poster-wars-erupt/news "Tati West political poster wars erupt".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Ka nako ya ipapatso, Moabi o ne a sireletsa mesepele ya go ya mafatsheng a sele le dikatlego tsa ga tautona Mokgweetsi Masisi tsa go lwantsha malwetsi a loruo a tshwana le tlhako le molomo ga mmogo le segajaja sa [[Segajaja sa Covid-19 mo Botswana|COVID-19 mo Botswana.]]<ref>[https://enews.mmegi.bw/article/281646784410808 "Mmegi".] ''enews.mmegi.bw''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Mbakiso Mukokomani, o o latlhegetsweng mo ditlhophong tsa BDP tsa peo lotlhokwa, o ne a re mabokoso mangwe gaa balwa ka jalo a re ba tsieditswe.<ref>Ramatiti, Ketumile (2024-10-23). [https://weekendpost.co.bw/threats-of-more-bdp-primary-election-lawsuits/ "Threats of more BDP primary election lawsuits".] ''Weekend Post''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> === Ditlhopho tsa 2024: Tati Bophirima === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Phathi !Ntlhopheng !Ditalama !% !a e oketsegile kgotsa e fokotsegile |- |UDC |Justin Hunyepa |dikete di le thataro makgolo a supa lesome le boraro |49.99 | +12.15 |- |BDP |Simon Moabi |dikete di le tharo makgolo a mabedi masome a mabedi le boraro |24.00 |N/A |- |BCP |Leonard Mutheto |dikete pedi, makgolo a marataro masome a supa le borobabongwe |19.95 |N/A |- |BRP |[[Biggie Butale]] |makgolo a robabobedi lesome le boraro |6.05 |N/A |} == Metswedi == ovb9xrw3dd8o60uzouad3o9ham10vsv Tshenolo Mabeo 0 14735 53457 2026-07-28T10:31:24Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Tshenolo Mabeo #Wikipedia25BW 53457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Tshenolo Mabeo|office=Tona wa dipalamo le ditlhaeletsanyo|term_start=2014|term_end=2018|president=[[Ian Khama]] [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party]]}} '''Tshenolo Mabeo''' ke mopolotiki wa Motswana le tona wa pele wa tsa pereko, le tlhabololo kitso, gape a kile a nna tona wa dipalamo le ditlhaleletsanyo wa [[Botswana|Botswana.]] O tsene mo ofising ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone.<ref>http://www.bofinet.co.bw/index.php/2015-05-31-11-28-36/speeches-press-releases/118-remarks-by-the-minister-of-transport-communications-honourable-tshenolo-mabeo-during-the-official-launch-of-botswana-hotspots-wifi-project-in-gaborone</ref> Tona wa tsa pereko, Mr. Tshenolo Mabeo o itebaganste le go tlhabolola go ntsha maduo mo tirong. Ntlha ya go tlhabolola kitso e tswa kwa lephateng la thuto go ya kwa lephateng la ga M abeo. Lephata le lebelela dintlha tsa pereko le bo le gakolola ka mo go tshwanetseng fa go tlhokega dikitso tse di rileng, ba gakolola ka ditsela tsa go atolosa go tlhabolola gore babereki ba nne le dikitso tse disha go re ba nne ba le posi matseba. Ba bereka gape ka dikgang tsa tiro le tshireletso ya babereki mo go tse dinwge, di akaretsa pabalesego mo tirong. Lefelo la Madirelo Training and Testing le le itsegeng thata le lone le ka fa tlase ga lephata la gagwe ka le bereka ka kitso ya tiro ya diatla. Maduo a a batlegang ke go letla beng gae ba le bansti go tlhama dikgwebo ka dikitso tsa tiro ya diatla tse di tsewang mo dikolong tse. == Metswedi == j0p1snbwzjvb2lklwkgzbdnl2t5aslt Metlhayotlhe Beleme 0 14736 53461 2026-07-28T10:54:47Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Metlhayotlhe Beleme #Wikipedia25BW 53461 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Metlhayotlhe Beleme''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borataro kwa [[Molepolole]]) ke moruti wa kereke ya Anglican mo [[Botswana]].<ref>[http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/mobile/news-details.php?nid=4131&flag=current Botswana Daily News]</ref> Beleme o ithutetse tiro ya motlakase a bereka kwa [[Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng|moepong wa diteemane wa Jwaneng]] go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabaongwe. O tsene sekolo sa boruti kwa Lelapa la Jesu Seminary; le kwa sekolong se segolwane sa [[Lesotho]]. O tlhomamisitswe e le moruti ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a robabongwe le boraro. O ntse e le mookamedi wa kereke ya [[Francistown]]; motiakano wa bokone jwa Botswana, Sub-Dean wa Holy Cross Cathedral mo Botswana, mookamedi wa [[Tlokweng]], Dean wa Cathedral of Ressurection kwa Ikageng-[[Potchefstroom]]; mookamedi wa Klerksdorp, le go tswa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le boraro, bishopo wa Botswana. == Metswedi == sz8pagt416y8sagj34b1jq8dkznmrty Palamente ya lesome le motso ya Botswana 0 14737 53467 2026-07-28T11:40:13Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Palamente ya lesome le motso ya Botswana #Wikipedia25BW 53467 wikitext text/x-wiki Ba ba latelang ke maloko a [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|khuduthamaga ya Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe. Go ne go na le ditilo di le masome a marataro le boraro mo khuduthamageng, mo go tsone ke mapalamente a le masome a matlhano le bosupa ba ba tlhophilweng mo dikgaolong tsa botlhophi, mapalamente a a tlhophilweng mo go faphegileng ba le bane, le maloko a le mabedi a eleng tautona le [[Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ya Botswana|motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente]] ba ba tlhophilweng ka ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032846/http://www.iec.gov.bw/images/pdf/elections%202014%20parliamentary%20results.pdf "2014 Parliamentary Election Results"] (PDF). IEC. October 2014. Archived from [http://www.iec.gov.bw/images/pdf/elections%202014%20parliamentary%20results.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> == Tshupo ka tafole == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Sesupo sa phathi !Mmala ! |- | |o mohibidu |[[Botswana Democratic Party]] |- | |o botala jwa tlhaga |[[Botswana Congress Party]] |- | |o bophutshe |[[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] |- | |o phepole |[[Alliance for Progressives]] |} Mapalamente a a tlhophilweng ka ditlhopho tsa kakaretso {| class="wikitable" |+ !kgaolo ya botlhophi !Leina !Phathi !Diatalama !% ya ditalama ! |- |[[Chobe District]] |[[Machana Shamukuni]] |BDP |dikete di le nne, lekgolo lesome le bone |55.9 | |- |[[Maun]] botlhaba |Kostantinos Markus |BDP |dikete di le thataro, masome a mane le borataro |44.4 | |- |[[Ngamiland]] |Tawana Moremi |UDC |dikete di supa, makgolo a mabedi masome a supa le motso |48.2 | |- |[[Okavango]] |Bagalatia Arone |BCP (morago a fetogela kwa BDP) |dikete di le thataro, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bone |53.9 | |- |[[Tati Siding]] botlhaba |Samson Guma Moyo |BDP |dikete di le tlhano, makgolo a robabobedi masome a marataro le bone |59.7 | |- |[[Tati Bophirima]] |[[Biggie Butale]] |BDP |dikete di le nne, makgolo a matlhano le le,some |42.3 | |- |[[Francistown Botlhaba]] |[[Buti Billy]] |BDP |dikete di le tharo, makgolo a robabobedi lesome le borobabobedi |45.0 | |- |[[Francistown Borwa]] |[[Wynter Mmolotsi]] |UDC (morago a fetogela kwa AP) |dikete di le tlhano, makgolo a mabedi masome a marataro le motso |52.1 | |- |[[Francistown Bophirima]] |[[Mokwaledi Ignatius Moswaane]] |BDP |dikete di le tlhano, makgolo a mararo le bolthano |53.5 | |- |[[Nata-Gweta]] |[[Polson Majaga]] |BDP |dikete di le tharo, makgolo a mane, masome a mabedi le bone |35.2 | |- |[[Nkange]] |[[Edwin Batshu]] |BDP |dikete di le thataro, makgolo a mane, masome a marataro le motso |50.1 | |- |[[Shashe Bophirima]] |[[Fidelis Macdonald Molao]] |BDP |dikete di le thataro, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mararo le borobabongwe |56.7 | |- |[[Tonota]] |[[Thapelo Olopeng]] |BDP |dikeet di supa, lesome le boraro |54.4 | |- |[[Bobonong]] |[[Shaw Kgathi]] |BDP |dikeet di supa, makgolo a mararo masome a mabedi le botlhano |49.4 | |- |[[Mmadinare]] |[[Kefentse Mzwinila]] |BDP |dikeet di le tharo, makgolo a mararo masome a supa le botlhano |68.7 | |- |[[Selebi-Phikwe Botlhaba]] |[[Nonofo Molefhi]] |BDP |dikete di le tharo makgolo a mararo masome a supa le borataro |40.4 | |- |[[Selebi-Phikwe Bophirima]] |[[Dithapelo Keorapetse]] |BCP (morago a fetogela kwa UDC) |dikete di le nne, makgolo a mabedi masome a mane le bosupa |48.8 | |- |[[Lerala-Maunatlala]] |[[Prince Maele]] |BDP |dikete di le thataro makgolo a mararo masome a matlhano le borataro |53.8 | |- |[[Palapye]] |[[Moiseraele Goya]] |BDP |dikete di le thataro, makgolo a supa masome a supa le motso |55.9 | |- |[[Sefhare]] - [[Ramokgonami]] |[[Dorcus makgato malesu]] |BDP |dikete di supa, makgolo a mane masome a matlhano le borobabongwe |54.4 | |- |[[Mahalapye Botlhaba]] |[[Botlogile tshireletso]] |BDP |dikete di le nne, makgolo a mane le borataro |47.3 | |- |[[Mahalapye Bophirima]] |[[Joseph Molefe]] |BDP |dikete di le thataro makgolo matlhano masome a mane le borataro |55.8 | |} == Ba ba tlhophilweng ka mo go faphegileng ka 2016 == Ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa dikeet pedi lesome le borataro, palamente e ne ya tlhopha mapalamente a mabedi a tlaleleletso, ba sala morago paakanyo ya masome a matlhano le borobabobedi ya molaomotheo, e e okeditseng palo ya maloko a a tlhophiwang mo go faphegileng go tswa mo go bone go nna borataro.<ref>[https://www.botswanayouth.com/youngest-member-of-parliament-bogolo-kenewendo-sworn-in-today/ "Youngest Member Of Parliament Bogolo Kenewendo Sworn In Today"]. ''Botswana Youth''. 27 October 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kgaolo ya botlhophi !Leina !Phathi !Diatalama !% ya ditalama tsotlhe |- |mo go faphegileng |[[Bogolo Kenewendo]] | | - | |- |mo go faphegileng |[[Mephato Reatile]] |BDP | - | |} == Metswedi == di3a71ahwqibtfu2nru2a3qdcd6ce5f