Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3318 53875 52518 2026-08-03T15:01:07Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53875 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pasa ya Botswana, ke bukana ya mesepele e''' e abiwang ke lekalana la dibuka atsa mesepele la lephata la mesepele le boagedi kwa lephateng la puso la Nationality, Immigration and Gender Affairs la Botswana, e neelwa banni ba [[Botswana|Botswana]]<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/ministries/ministry-nationality-immigration-and-gender-affairs "Ministry of Nationality, Immigration And Gender Affairs | Government of Botswana".] ''www.gov.bw''. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> fa ba etela mafatshe a sele. Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e robabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome, lephata la mesepele le boagedi le ne la simolola go abela setshaba dibukana tsa mesepele tsa maranyane.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140222132809/http://www.gov.bw/en/News/e-Passport-ready-for-issuance-to-Batswana/ "Republic of Botswana - Government portal".] Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref><ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/botswana-introduces-electronic-passport/ "Botswana introduces electronic passport"]. Sunday Standard. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> Dibukana tsa mesepele tsa Botswana tsotlhe tse e seng tsa maranyane di fitilwe ke nako ka Morule a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso. Bukana ya mesepel ya Botswana, e na le ditsebe di le masome a mane le borobabobedi, e kwadilwe ka diteme tsa Sekgoa le SeFora. Tsebe ya ntlha e na le mmepe wa Botswana o o tshwantshitsweng diphologolo tsa naga. Mo ngwageng wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone, bukana ya mesepele ya Botswana e ne e le ya bone ka maatla mo kgaolong ya [[Aferika|Aforika]], se se letla gore Batswana ba kgone go tsaya maeto go ya mafatshe a le masome a supa ba sa tlhoke teseletso,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260716025929/https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/no-visa-required-africas-most-powerful-passports/41186/ "No visa required: Africa's most powerful passports".] ''How We Made It In Africa''. 7 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ba tlhoka teseletso fa ba goroga, le a le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le motso a a tlhokang teseletso.<ref name=":0">[https://www.bb.org.bw/index.php/business-news-details/nid/83/botswana-passport-ranks-58th-on-the-2019-global-passport-index/ "Business Botswana :: BOTSWANA PASSPORT RANKS 58TH ON THE 2019 GLOBAL PASSPORT INDEX".] ''www.bb.org.bw''. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> Bukana e, e mo maemong a masome a matlhano le borobabobedi mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref name=":0" /> ==Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe== * [[Tse di tlhokafalang mo bathong ba Botswana go dira diteseletso tsa mesepele]] * [[Dibukana tsa mesepele]] == Metswedi == {{Botswana-stub}} [[Category:Dipasa ka mafatshe]] [[Category:Dipolotiki tsa Botswana]] {{Passports}} aob6fu4tliz39eay8kh2gheiaz57mvm 0 9562 53885 41664 2026-08-03T18:41:19Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53885 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vickie Winans''' (yo o belegweng e le Viviane Bowman; Phalane 18, 1953) ke moopedi wa mmino wa sekeresete wa kwa Amerika. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == E ne e le ngwana wa bosupa mo baneng ba le lesome le bobedi, Winans o ne a tsholelwa {{Infobox musical artist|Name=Vickie Winans|image=Vickie Winans.jpg|Img_capt=Winans in 2000|Birth_name=Viviane Bowman|Alias=Vickie Winans, Vickie McLemore|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1953|10|18|mf=y}}|Origin=[[Michigan]], U.S.|Genre=[[gospel music|Gospel]]|Occupations=Singer|Years_active=1985–present|Label=[[Light Records|Light]], [[MCA Records|MCA]], CGI/Intersound, [[Tommy Boy Records|Tommy Boy Gospel]], [[Verity Records|Verity]], Destiny Joy Records|website={{url|vickiewinans.com}}|Associated_acts=[[The Winans]]<br /> [[Mario Winans]]<br /> [[Winans family]]}} kwa Michigan ke Mattie A. Bowman, yo e neng e le mosadi yo o dirang mo gae, le Aaron Bowman, yo o neng a bereka ka dinako tse di farologaneng e le modiri, rramatlotlo, mmetli le modiri wa maje. O simolotse go opela kwa kerekeng - the International Gospel Center - a na le dingwaga di le robedi, mme fa a le mo dingwageng tsa bolesome o ne a opela le setlhopha se se itsegeng jaaka International Sounds of Deliverance. Bana ba gaabo ba akaretsa Beverly Bouldes, Sandi Tyler, Irma Crockett, Annette Tharpe, Aaron Bowman, Jr. (o tlhokafetse), Carleen Riley, Cathy Williams,<ref>Tim Bowman</ref>Mary Sturdivant, Bryan Bowman, Lorne Bowman, le Tim Bowman.<ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Winans o ne a nyalwa mme a tlhalwa gararo.<ref>Harrington, Richard (November 10, 2006). "Vickie Winans, Singing Through the Pain". ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved October 18, 2016.[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/09/AR2006110900466.html]</ref> Fa a sena go fetsa sekolo se segolwane, o ne a nyalwa ke bishopo yo o tlhokafetseng e bong Ronald E. Brown of Faith Tabernacle Deliverance Temple kwa Orangeburg, South Carolina. Mmogo ba ne ba nna le morwa, Mario Brown, yo jaanong a itsiweng jaaka Mario Winans. <ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref>Ka Seetebosigo 1978, o ne a nyala Marvin Winans wa setlhopha sa baopedi ba efangele sa The Winans. O ne a nna le morwa a le mongwe le Marvin, yo mmotlana. (Kokonate). Ka 1995, Winans le Marvin Sr. ba ne ba tlhalana morago ga dingwaga di le 16 ba nyalane. Go ngomoga pelo ka ntlha ya tlhalo go ne ga dira gore a nne le ditlhagala mo mogodung wa gagwe, a nne le bolwetse jwa sukiri le go nona. Kwa bofelong, Winans o ne a fola mme a tsosolosa tiro ya gagwe. <ref>Vickie Winans: at home with the gospel star who lost 75 pounds and re-energized her career". ''Ebony''. 2003. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1077/is_/ai_105853317]</ref>Kwa bokhutlong jwa 2003, Winans o ne a nyala rakgwebo Joe McLemore.<ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref> Lenyalo leno le ne la tsaya dingwaga di le mmalwa fela pele Vickie a mo tlhala (Joe o ne a tlhokafala ka 2018). Vickie o ne a tlhokafalelwa ke mmaagwe, Moefangele Mattie Bowman, ka 12 Sedimonthole, 2006.<ref>"VICKIE WINANS MOURNS THE LOSS OF MOTHER, MATTIE BOWMAN: Bowman passes away Tuesday night". Archived from the original on March 4, 2009. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20090304003758/http://www.eurweb.com/story/eur30398.cfm]</ref> == Tiro ya mmino == E ne e le lenyalo la gagwe le Marvin le le neng la dira gore Winans a akanye ka go dira tiro ya mmino. O ne a kopiwa go nna leloko la Winans Part II, e leng setlhopha se se neng se akaretsa dingwetsi tsa gagwe tsa ka nako eo e bong BeBe le CeCe Winans le morwarraagwe e bong Daniel Winans. Le fa go ntse jalo, setlhopha se ne sa se ka sa tsamaya jaaka BeBe le CeCe ba ne ba tsamaya go ya go kopanela le PTL Singers ya lenaneo la thelebišene la Sekeresete le le sa bolong go nna teng, The PTL Club. == Light Records 1985-1990 == The Winans e ne ya nna setlhopha se se rekisang thata mo khamphaseng ya bone ya rekoto, Light Records, mme seno se ne sa thusa monna wa gagwe Marvin go dira konteraka ya go rekota le ene.<ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref> Alebamo ya gagwe ya solo, Be Encouraged e ne ya gololwa ka 1987 mme ya nna gospel hit e kgolo. LP eno e ne e na le pina ya ga Dottie Rambo, "We Shall Behold Him", mmogo le "First Trumpet Sound", e e neng e dirilwe ka tsela e e tshwanang le ya Gladys Knight & the Pips ya "Midnight Train To Georgia". Be Encouraged e ne ya tlhophiwa mo kgaisanong ya Grammy ya Best Soul Gospel Performance, Female, Stellar Award ya Album ya Ngwaga, le Excellence Award ya Best Female Contemporary Artist. Alebamo ya gagwe e e latelang, Total Victory e ne ya se ka ya atlega thata, e le ka ntlha ya mathata a madi a Light Records morago ga gore setlhopha sa yone sa maemo a a kwa godimo, The Winans, se tlogele go ya go tsenela Quincy Jones' Qwest Records. == MCA Records 1990-1991 == Ka 1990, Winans o ne a saena tumalano le khampani ya mmino wa gospel mme o ne a saena tumalano le Geffen Records. Geffen e ne ya rekwa ke Universal Records mme konteraka ya ga Winan e ne ya fetisetswa kwa go MCA Records. Fa a ne a dirisana le khampani nngwe e e neng e sa mo saena, o ne a iphitlhela a patelediwa ka tsela e e bofitlha gore a fokotse molaetsa wa Bokeresete mo mminong wa gagwe. O ne a bolela jaana ka 1999: "Ga ba go bolelele, mme gone o kgona go utlwa gore go ntse jang". "Ga ke batle go tlhola ke nna mo boemong joo gape. Ke selo se le sengwe fa o opela pina fela o sa dirise leina la mmatota la ga Jesu, mme ke selo se sele gotlhelele fa O LEKA go se le dirise. Mo go nna, leina la ga Jesu le ka se ka la tlhola le nna maswe mo molomong wa me. Ka metlha ke ene karabo".<ref>Gospel Today Magazine</ref> Ka 1991 MCA e ne ya mo golola ka The Lady e e neng e dirilwe ke R. Kelly, monna wa gagwe e bong Marvin Winans, le morwawe e bong Mario. Alebamo eno ya dipina tse robongwe e ne e sena leina la Jesu mme e ne e na le pina ya West Side Story ya "Somewhere". MCA e ne ya romela Winans kwa thelebisheneng ya ngwaga oo ya Stellar Awards le batantshi ⁇ kgato e e neng ya gakgamatsa setšhaba sa Sekeresete se se gagametseng, e leng se se neng sa dira gore ba Winans ba kope maitshwarelo phatlalatsa.<ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref> Kganetsano e e ne ya dira gore morafe wa Gospel o se ka wa tshegetsa alebamo, mme morago ga go retelelwa ke go atlega mo diradiong tsa R&B tsa segompieno, MCA e ne ya kgaotsa Winans mo lenaaneng la bone. The Lady, gape, e ne ya tlhophiwa go nna mo setlhopheng sa Best Contemporary Soul Gospel Album. == Intersound/CGI 1994-2002 == Morago ga dingwaga di le 3 a sena konteraka ya go rekota, motsamaisi wa maloba wa Word Records James Bullard o ne a saena Winans kwa Intersound Records, e leng letshwao la go rekota la kwa Atlanta, le a neng a dira karolo ya mmino wa gospel mo go lone. O ne a simolola go rekisiwa ke Vickie Winans mme a fitlha mo go #10 mo ditšhateng tsa mmino wa gospel, mme a nna le dipina tse di tumileng tse di jaaka Work It Out le We Shall Behold Him. Le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a nna le dikgokgotsho mo dinaleng tsa gagwe tsa mantswe, mme seo sa dira gore a palelwe ke go tshameka dinoto tsotlhe tse di siameng mo go rekota gape ga gagwe We Shall Behold Him. <ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref> '''Kwa Detroit''' O ne a kopana le pina ya ga James Cleveland ya bogologolo go tswa ka bo1960 e e bidiwang "Long As I Got King Jesus" mme a e dirisa jaaka pina ya ntlha e le nngwe le megahit ya alebamo ya setso ka 1997 e e bidiwang Live In Detroit. Winans o ne a rekota dipina tse di motlhofo tsa "Great Is Thy Faithfulness", "Because He Lives" ya ga Bill Gaither le "The Blood Rushes" ya ga Candi Staton. Pina e nngwe ya ga James Cleveland e e bidiwang "No Cross, No Crown", le yone e ne ya atlega mo alebamong eno. Intersound/CGI e ne ya duelela bidio ya "Long As I Got King Jesus", e e neng ya oketsa thekiso ya alebamo. E ne ya feleletsa e rekisitse diyuniti di le 200 000.<ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref> Alebamo e ne ya dira gore Winans a fiwe leina la Grammy la Best Soul Gospel Album le maina a mabedi a Stellar Award a Best Female Vocalist le Best Video ("Long As I Got King Jesus") '''Kwa Detroit ||''' Intersound/CGI e ne e rulagantse go golola dialebamo di le tharo tsa ga Winans ka 1999; kgatiso ya Motsheganong ya Live In Detroit II, e e neng ya latelwa ke ya Share The Laughter ya metlae ka Phukwi mme ya tswala ngwaga ka kgatiso ya Diphalane e e bidiwang "Woman To Woman: Songs Of Survival". Ba ne ba simolola letsholo la bone la go rekisa le le neng le ja madi a mantsi go gaisa otlhe a a kileng a nna teng go rotloetsa porojeke eno. <ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref>Ba ne ba reka dipapatso tsa mebalabala mo dimakasineng, ba tshameka bidio ya konokono ya pina e e reng "Already Been To The Water" mme ba hira Capital Entertainment (e e neng ya tshwara CeCe Winans le Bishop T. D. Jakes ka nako eo) go tlhokomela dikgang tsa ga Winans. Ba ne ba kgona go beeletsa Winans kwa Queen Latifah, dipontsho tse di farologaneng tsa BET le Jenny Jones, gareng ga mananeo a mangwe a thelebišene a maemo a a kwa godimo mme ba mo fa kgaso ya bobegadikgang e a neng a na nayo fa e sale a tsamaya le Winans Family Tour ka 1992. <ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref> Live in Detroit II e ne e le katlego e kgolo, e fitlha mo go #3 mo ditšhateng tsa dikopelo tsa efangele, fela e ne ya palelwa ke go fitlha kwa godimo ga ditšhateng ka ntlha ya katlego ya Kirk Franklin le The Nu Nation Project mo ngwageng oo. Share the Laughter ga e a ka ya dira sentle, mme e ne e le alebamo ya metlae e e emeng, thekiso ya yone e ne e le kgakala le go swabisa fa go akanngwa gore Intersound/CGI e ne e le mo maotong a yone a bofelo mme e ne ya tswalwa ka bonako.<ref>: Spotlight Grooves :. Your Source for Soul | Artist Details Archived December 15, 2006, at the Wayback [https://web.archive.org/web/20061215034230/http://www.spotlightgrooves.com/artistdetails.php?idartist=145 Machine]</ref> '''Hiutus 2000-2002''' Mathata a ga Winans le dikhampani tsa go rekota a ne a tswelela morago ga gore Intersound/CGI e tswale le go mo golola mo konterakeng ya gagwe. Kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2000, o ne a saena le Tommy Boy Gospel. Woman To Woman e ne e rulaganyeditswe go nna alebamo ya boraro mo trilogy, mme label e ne ya phutha pele alebamo e ka gololwa. Ka 2002, o ne a saena le Verity Records ka taletso ya tsala ya gagwe ya bogologolo Max Siegel yo o neng a tsaya boeteledipele jwa label.<ref>: Spotlight Grooves :. Your Source for Soul | Artist Details Archived December 15, 2006, at the Wayback [https://web.archive.org/web/20061215034230/http://www.spotlightgrooves.com/artistdetails.php?idartist=145 Machine]</ref> '''Verity Records 2003-2006''' Morago ga dingwaga di le nne, ka 2003, Winans o ne a golola Bringing It All Together e e neng e na le "Shake Yourself Loose", e e kwadilweng le go dirwa ke morwawe, Mario. O ne a sa tlogele sepe gore se itiragalele fela, mme o ne a tsenya madi a gagwe mo matloleng a gagwe gore a dire leano la go rekisa dilo tse di neng di ka se dirwe ke difeme tse dintsi tsa mmino wa gospel. O dirisitse madi a a fetang $200,000 go dira dibidio tsa mmino di le tlhano, go hira ditlhopha tse di ikemetseng tsa radio, ditlhopha tsa papatso ya papatso le go dira loeto lwa dikonsarata tsa go rotloetsa toropo di le 50 go simolola CD.<ref>: Spotlight Grooves :. Your Source for Soul | Artist Details Archived December 15, 2006, at the Wayback [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Machine]]</ref> Leano leno le ne la duelwa fa alebamo e ne e fitlha kwa maemong a ntlha mo ditšhateng tsa mmino wa seefangele tsa Billboard. E tsere dibeke di le robongwe e le # 1 le ngwaga o o tletseng mo Top 10.<ref>"Vickie Winans Launches Her Own Recording Label". Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20071029142838/http://www.detroitgospel.com/dgcontent/articles/17/1/Vickie-Winans-Launches-Her-Own-Recording-Label/Page1.html]</ref>Alebamo eno e ne ya bona dikgetho di le 8 tsa Stellar Award, ya fenya tse 5, le go tlhophiwa mo Grammy. Woman to Woman: Songs of Life, e ne ya gololwa ka August 8, 2006. '''Ke ne ka kgona jang''' How I Got Over (Destiny Joy Records) ke leina la CD ya Winans e e itiretsweng e e golotsweng ka Phatwe 25, 2009. Porojeke eno ya dipina tse di lesome ke motswako wa dipina tsa setso le tsa segompieno tsa kwa ditoropong.<ref>"Vickie Winans: How I Got Over". ''AllMusic''.[https://www.allmusic.com/album/how-i-got-over-mw0000822788]</ref>Single ya gagwe ya ntlha ya radio, "How I Got Over" ke bosupi jwa ga Winans ka sebele. Ka go tsaya moano go tswa mo pineng ya bogologolo e e rategang thata, Winans o tlhama pina e ntšha e e ketekang diphenyo tsa gagwe, tumelo le go ikanya Modimo. <ref>"Vickie Winans New CD "How I Got Over!"". July 2, 2009.[https://pathmegazine.com/news/vickie-winans-new-cd-how-i-got-over/]</ref>E simolola ka go nna le tsholofelo, mme e na le tatso ya kereke ya sekolo sa bogologolo mme e bo e fetoga go nna vamp ya segompieno pele ga a tswalela le setlogolo sa gagwe, Tim Bowman, Jr. yo o latlhelang di-jazzy scats. Bidio ya pina e ne ya thuntshiwa kwa bodilong jwa ntlo ya ga Winans.<ref>How I Got Over [http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=16808 Songfacts]</ref> Alebamo eno e ne ya dira gore Winans a tlhophiwe mo kgaisanong ya Grammy ya Alebamo e e Molemolemo ya Gospel ya Setso. == Dikgwebo tse dingwe == '''Destiny Joy Records''' Winans o ne a kopa mme a fiwa kgololosego go tswa mo konterakeng ya gagwe ya go rekota le Verity Records gore a kgone go tsweletsa kgwebo ya gagwe e e ikemetseng, Destiny Joy Records. Leina la letshwao leno le lesha ke la ga Vickie ka namana: "Ka bonako fela fa ke sena go tshola morwaake, Coconut (Marvin Winans Jr.), ke ne ka ima mosetsanyana. Re ne re ikaeletse go mmitsa Destiny Joy Winans. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka maswabi, ke ne ka senyegelwa ke mpa mo kgweding ya botlhano mme ka swelwa ke lesea la me le le neng le le bokete jwa kilogerama e le nngwe fela. Ke ne ka taya ngwana yoo leina la Marvlyn Loreal Winans morago ga rraagwe Marvin Lawrence Winans Sr mme ka boloka leina la Destiny Joy le ntse le tshela - ke sa itse gore letsatsi lengwe ke tla simolola letshwao leno mme ke le bitse ka leina la gagwe".<ref>"VICKIE WINANS LAUNCHES RECORD LABEL: Vickie Winans departs from Verity Records". Retrieved August 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20071106051054/http://gospelmusicbites.com/2007/05/17/vickie-winans-launches-record-label-vickie-winans-departs-from-verity-records/]</ref> Ka Destiny Joy, o ne a ikaeletse go golola DVD ya boitekanelo e e nang le setlhogo sa Laugh While You Lose, DVD ya metlae, le alebamo ya Keresemose, mo godimo ga go golola go tswa mo go Denise Tichenor le Datisha Pickett.<ref>"Vickie Winans Launches Her Own Recording Label". Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20071029142838/http://www.detroitgospel.com/dgcontent/articles/17/1/Vickie-Winans-Launches-Her-Own-Recording-Label/Page1.html]</ref> == Thelebishene le difilimi == Profaele ya gagwe mo thulaganyong ya BET ya Sontaga mo mosong ya "Lift Every Voice" e sala e le yone thulaganyetsoruri e e lebeletsweng thata mo hisetoring ya lenaneo leo ka babogedi ba ba fetang 800,000.<ref>"Vickie Winans Launches Her Own Recording Label". Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20071029142838/http://www.detroitgospel.com/dgcontent/articles/17/1/Vickie-Winans-Launches-Her-Own-Recording-Label/Page1.html]</ref> Black Entertainment Television (BET) e ne ya saena le Winans go nna moamogedi wa motseletsele o mosha wa thelebishene wa metlae, "A Time to Laugh". Thulaganyo eno e ne e ikaeletse go bua thata ka metlae e e siameng ya lelapa. Winans o ne a setse a simolotse go rekota mme o ne a saenelwa go rekota dikgaolo di le 30 tse di nang le ene, metlae e mengwe ya maemo a G le mmino o o tlhotlheletsang. Motseletsele ono o ne o tshwanetse go simolola mo BET ka Ferikgong 2010, mme ga o a ka wa gasiwa. Ka 2011, Winans o ne a tlhagisa bidio ya gagwe e ntšha ya pina ya "Release It", go tswa mo alebamong ya gagwe ya How I Got Over. Gape ka 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go tshameka karolo mo filiming ya 2012 ya Sparkle. == Dipina tsa mmino == '''Dialbum''' * ''Be Encouraged'' (Light, 1985) * ''Total Victory'' (Light, 1989) * ''Best of All'' (Light, 1991) * ''The Lady'' (Selah/MCA, 1991) * ''Vickie Winans'' (Intersound, 1994) * ''Live In Detroit'' (Intersound, 1997) * ''Live In Detroit II'' (Intersound, 1999) * ''Share the Laughter'' (CGI/Platinum, 1999) * ''Best of Vickie Winans'' (CGI/Platinum, 2002) * ''Bringing It All Together'' (Verity platinum, 2003) * ''Greatest Hits (Light/Artemis, 2005)'' * ''Woman to Woman: Songs of Life'' (Verity, 2006) * ''Happy Holidays from Vickie Winans'' (Destiny Joy, 2007) * ''Praise & Worship'' (Verity, 2008) * ''How I Got Over'' (Destiny Joy, 2009) * ''How I Got Over Remix'' (Destiny Joy, 2010) * ''Radio One Family Comdedy Tour, Vol.1'' (Destiny Joy, 2010) * ''Vickie Winans "Unplugged and Hilarious" Comedy DVD Vol.1'' (Destiny Joy, 2012) * ''Vickie Winans "Unplugged and Hilarious" Comedy DVD Vol.2'' (Destiny Joy, 2012) '''Dipina tse di itsegeng''' * "Don't Throw Your Life Away" * "We Shall Behold Him" * "Just When (featuring Marvin Winans)" * "Work It Out" * "Shake Yourself Loose" * "It's Alright" * "Special Day" * "The Rainbow" * "Kids Love Jesus Too" * "How I Got Over" * "Holiday Jam" * "Release it" * "Long As I Got King Jesus" == Metswedi == huqozyak5g1ae2r4dc8m0qqnbr59f68 3 10024 53886 53188 2026-08-03T18:57:26Z KatieKea 10150 /* Request writing about Isabelle de Charriere (Q123386) */ Reply 53886 wikitext text/x-wiki == Flower of the month == [[File:Vahlia capensis vulgaris 57867252.jpg|thumb|<center>Vahlia capensis</center>]] Dear KatieKea. For your huge efforts on Setswana Wikipedia I want to award you with the [[:als:Wikipedia:Blueme vum Monet|Flower of the month]]. Best regards, --[[Modirisi:Holder|Holder]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:Holder|talk]]) 19:05, 14 Phatwe 2024 (CAT) :Thank you very much. [[Modirisi:KatieKea|KatieKea]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:KatieKea|talk]]) 14:30, 15 Phatwe 2024 (CAT) == Wikimedia South Africa Engagement == Good Morning KatieKea The South African Chapter would like to thank you for your contributions to the Setswana Wikipedia. I would like to engage with you around the Language Wikipedia and how you can assist in improving Setswana. If you are interested please reach out to me on my email [[Modirisi:Herschal Jackson (WMZA)|Herschal Jackson (WMZA)]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:Herschal Jackson (WMZA)|talk]]) 09:12, 26 Phatwe 2025 (CAT) :Good day, thanks for the recognition. I will communicate via email. [[Modirisi:KatieKea|KatieKea]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:KatieKea|talk]]) 15:46, 26 Phatwe 2025 (CAT) == Request writing about Isabelle de Charriere (Q123386) == hi KatieKea Would you like to write about Isabelle de Charriere (Q123386) for the TN Wikipedia? It'll be appreciated if it'll be done. [[Modirisi:Boss-well63|Boss-well63]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:Boss-well63|talk]]) 18:14, 23 Phukwi 2026 (CAT) :hello...I will look into doing it as soon as I possibly can. [[Modirisi:KatieKea|KatieKea]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:KatieKea|talk]]) 23:30, 23 Phukwi 2026 (CAT) ::Dear Katie, Thank you very much for your work!! Great, excellent. [[Modirisi:Boss-well63|Boss-well63]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:Boss-well63|talk]]) 19:13, 24 Phukwi 2026 (CAT) :::Specail thanks from my friend Maria Kea!! How is it possible the same last name. Thanks. [[Modirisi:Boss-well63|Boss-well63]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:Boss-well63|talk]]) 19:16, 24 Phukwi 2026 (CAT) ::::[[:en:Original Barnstar]] For the correct and speedy translation ([[Puisano ya modirisi:Boss-well63|talk]]) 10:35, 25 Phukwi 2026 (CAT) :::Welcome... [[Modirisi:KatieKea|KatieKea]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:KatieKea|talk]]) 20:57, 3 Phatwe 2026 (CAT) htiep2za8wcjfukd8drfysxgt4r68ox 0 10057 53876 49645 2026-08-03T15:14:54Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Peter Simako Otlaadisang Mmusi|office=Mothusa Tautona|termstart2=1980|termend2=1989|predecessor=Lenyeletse Seretse|successor2=Festus Mogae|birth_date=16 Motsheganong 1929|birth_place=Mankgodi, Botswana|nationality=Botswana|image=File:P001622017H Peter Mmusi.jpg|office2=[[Minister of Finance (Botswana)|Minister of Finance]]|term_start1=1983|term_end1=1992|predecessor2=[[Quett Masire]]|successor1=[[Festus Mogae]]|death_date={{death date and age|1994|10|1|1929|5|16}}|residence=Gaborone}} '''Peter Simako Otlaadisang Mmusi''' (o tshotswe ka 16 Motsheganong 1929<ref>"[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=h_4wAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y Botswana...: An Official Handbook]". 1991.</ref>, o tlhokafetse ka Phalane 1994)<ref>Banks, William C.; Muller, T.; Overstreet, W. (19 December 2005). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=u3fFTiEMrGkC&q=Peter+Mmusi+1994&redir_esc=y Political Handbook of theWorld 2005-2006]''. CQ Press. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781568029528|9781568029528]]</bdi> – via Google Books.</ref> e ne e le [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|Mothusa-Tautona]] wa lefatshe la [[Botswana]] go similola ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong a thola malatsi a le mararo ka ngwaga wa1983 go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 1992. O berekile gape e le Tona wa tsa Madi go tsweng ngwaga wa 1980 go fitlhelela ngwaga wa 1989,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.finance.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=102 |title="About Us - Ministry of Finance" |access-date=2026-03-09 |archive-date=2022-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118092735/https://www.finance.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=102 |url-status=dead }}</ref> gape a dira jaaka Tona tsa Puso ya Selegae le Lefatshe. O tsholetswe kwa [[Mmankgodi]] mo Kgaolong ya Kweneng. O ne a rola tiro morago ga gore Khomišene ya Moporesitente e mo tlhaole jaaka yo o tsayang karolo mo dikgwebisanong tse di seng ka fa molaong tsa lefatshe kwa ntle ga Gaborone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251204001452/https://www.findarticles.com/news/ Cracks in the wall] New African, July/August 2000</ref> == Metswedi == [[Category:Matsalo a 1929]] [[Category:Loso lwa 1994]] [[Category:Boradipolotiki ba Botswana]] [[Category:Ditona tsa Botswana]] [[Category:Tona wa tsa Madi tsa Botswana]] [[Category:Mothusa-Tautona wa Botswana]] [[Category:Tona tsa Puso ya Selegae le Lefatshe]] [[Category:Batho ba ba tswang Mmankgodi]] [[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang]] <references /> 4thm0j9d9pdrpu5nkacvabawhh106rq 0 10749 53877 53549 2026-08-03T15:39:19Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53877 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Public_holidays|Malatsi a boikhutso]] a [[Botswana]] a laolwa thata ke bathapi ba puso ba ba fiwang malatsi a boikhutso a a duelwang. Thulaganyo ya malatsi a boikhutso a puso e solegela badiredi ba puso le ba dikgwebo tse di laolwang ke puso molemo thata. Ka fa mothapi a bonang ka teng, malatsi a mangwe a boikhutso a e seng a semmuso a jaaka [[:en:Christmas_Eve|maitseboa a Keresemose]] ke a a tlwaelegileng a okediwang mo palong ya malatsi a boikhutso a a duelwang.<ref name=":0">[2]</ref> Malatsi a magolo a boikhutso a [[:en:Christianity|bakeresete]] a jaaka [[:en:Christmas|Keresemose]] le [[:en:Good_Friday|Labotlhano yo o Molemo]] a ketekwa semmuso, go letlelelwa malatsi a boikhutso a mangwe a bodumedi. Ka sekai, bana bangwe ba sekolo le badiri ba tsaya malatsi a boikhutso ka malatsi a boikhutso a [[:en:Muslim_holidays|Bamoseleme]], [[:en:List_of_Hindu_festivals|malatsi a boikhutso a Bahindu]], kana malatsi a boikhutso a [[:en:Eastern_Orthodox_Church|Eastern Orthodox]] go ya ka [[:en:Julian_calendar|khalendara ya ga Julian]]. Le fa ka tlwaelo batho ba Batswana ba sa ye tirong, ba keteka [[:en:Valentine's_Day|Letsatsi la Baratiwa,]] [[:en:Halloween|Halowine]], [[:en:Mother's_Day|letsatsi la Bomme]] le [[:en:Father's_Day|letsatsi la Borre]]<nowiki/>ke ditlwaelo tsa setso tsa [[:en:Tswana_people|Batswana]].<ref name=":0" /> == Malatsi a boikhutso a setshaba == Letsatsi la boikhutso mo Botswana le laolwa ka molao ke palamente ya Botswana. Bontsi jwa babereki, ba puso le ba mohama o o ikemetseng, ba na le tshwanelo ya go tsaya letsatsi ba sa theogela mme ba duelwa madi a a lekanang le a dinako tsotlhe. Le fa go ntse jalo, bahiri bangwe ba tlhoka gore babereki ba bone ba bereke ka letsatsi leo la boikhutso, mme mohiri o tshwanetse go amogela letsatsi a sa theogela mo boemong jwa letsatsi la boikhutso kgotsa o tshwanetse go duelwa ka seelo se se kwa godimo - gantsi ke bongwe le sephatlho kgotsa gabedi, tuelo ya gale le gale ya nako e ba e berekileng ka letsatsi leo, fa godimo ga letsatsi la boikhutso.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194731/http://www.bse.co.bw/holidays.php "BSE - Public Holidays and None Trading days".] ''www.bse.co.bw''. Retrieved 24 July 2026</ref> == Malatsi a boikhutso a lefatshe la Botswana == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Letsatsi !Leina !ditshwaelo |- |Firikgong a rogwa go tsena a le malatsi a mabedi |Letsatsi la ngwaga o mosha |go ipelelwa letsatsi la ntlha la ngwaga mongwe le mongwe. |- |Mopitlo kgotsa Moranang |Labotlhano o o molemo |Go ipelelwa segopotso sa papolo ya ga Keresete |- |Mopitlo kgotsa Moranang |Letsatsi la tsogo ya ga Kereesete |Go ipelelwa tsogo ya ga Keresete go tswa mo losong<ref>Vicki K. Black (1 July 2004). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=GZsHDG1-4X0C&q=Many+congregations+today+continue+to+have+Easter+egg+hunts+for+the+children+after+the+services+on+Easter+Day.&pg=PT109&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Many%20congregations%20today%20continue%20to%20have%20Easter%20egg%20hunts%20for%20the%20children%20after%20the%20services%20on%20Easter%20Day.&f=false The Church Standard,] Volume 74''. Church Publishing, Inc. ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780819225757|&nbsp;<bdi>9780819225757</bdi>]]. Retrieved 24 July 2026. <q>In parts of Europe, the eggs were dyed red and were then cracked together when people exchanged Easter greetings. Many congregations today continue to have Easter egg hunts for the children after the services on Easter Day.</q></ref> |- |Motsheganong a rogwa |Letsatsi la babereki |go ipelelwa dikatlgeo tsa babereki<ref>Marsh, James H. "[https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/origins-of-labour-day-feature Origins of Labour Day"]. Retrieved 24 July 2026</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090910163817/http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/labourDay2008/history.htm "History of Labour Day".] ''National Labour Day 2008''. Jamaica Information Service. Archived from [https://jis.gov.jm/special_sections/labourDay2008/history.htm the original] on 10 September 2009.</ref> |- |Motsheganong kgotsa Seetebosigo |Letsatsi la tlhatlogo ya Morena |Go ipelelwa go tlhatloga ga ga Keresete go ya legodimong.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170207194355/http://www.goarch.org/special/listen_learn_share/ascension/index_html "Feast of the Ascension of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ".] Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2026. <q>The Feast of the Ascension of our Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ is celebrated each year on the fortieth day after the Great and Holy Feast of Pascha (Easter). Since the date of Pascha changes each year, the date of the Feast of the Ascension changes. The Feast is always celebrated on a Thursday.</q></ref><ref>[https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-worship/worship/texts/the-calendar/common-worship-rules/rulesyear.aspx "Rules to Order the Christian Year".] [[:en:Church_of_England|Church of England]]. 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2026. <q>Rogation Days are the three days before Ascension Day, when prayer is offered for God's blessing on the fruits of the earth and on human labour. The nine days after Ascension Day until Pentecost are days of prayer and preparation to celebrate the outpouring of the Spirit.</q></ref> |- |Phukwi a rogwa |Letsatsi la matsalo a ga tautona wa pele [[Seretse Khama]] |Go ipelelwa letsatsi la matsalo a ga tautona wa ntlha<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/business/a-new-aon-ceda-venture-to-enhance-citizen-empowerment/news "Mmegi Online :: A glimpse of Seretse Khama's legacy"]. 26 April 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2026</ref> |- |Mosupologo le Labobedi wa boraro wa Phukwi |Letsatsi la botautona |Letsatsi le lengwe fela la Mosupologo kgotsa Labobedi wa boraro mo kgweding ya Phukwi.<ref>[http://aglobalworld.com/holidays-around-the-world/botswana-presidents-day/ "Botswana Presidents Day".] ''aglobalworld.com''. Retrieved 24 July 2026</ref> |- |Lwetse a le masome mararo |Letsatsi la Botswana |Go ipelelwa letsatsi le lefatshe la Botswana le tsereng boipuso ka lone go tswa kwa United Kingdom ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome amarataro le borataro<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13041658 "Botswana profile - Timeline".] ''BBC News''. 5 August 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2026</ref> |- |Morule a le masome mabedi le botlhano |Letsatsi la matsalo a ga Keresete |Go ipelelwa matsalo a ga Keresete |- |Morule a le masome mabedi le borataro |Letsatsi la dimpho |Le ipelelwa morago ga letsatsi la matsalo a ga Keresete, fa batlhanka le bagwebi ba amogela dimpho tse di itsegeng e le lebokoso la matsalo a ga Keresete go tswa kwa go beng ba bone, bahiri kgotsa bareki.<ref>(pseud.), Peter Parley (1 January 1838). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=UVcEAAAAQAAJ&redir_esc=y ''Tales About Christmas''.] Thomas Tegg and Son.</ref> |} == Malatsi a boikhutso a a nang le sesupo sa tumelo kgotsa ngwao == Malatsi a boikhutso a tumelo le ngwao mo Botswana a supagala ka go farologana ga ditumelo. === Malatsi a Sekeresete === Dikgwebo dingwe tse di ikemetseng le makgotla a mangwe di a tswalwa ka letsatsi la papolo ya Morena. Mmaraka wa madi le dipeeletso o a tswalwa le one ka letsatsi la papolo ya Morena. Bontsi jwa mabentlele a nna a butswe le ntswa mangwe a tswalwa pele ga nako e e tlwaelesegileng. Dikolo tsa puso le tse dikgolwane di a tswalwa ka letsatsi la papolo ya Morena, e le letsatsi la boikhutso le le ikemetseng kgotsa bontlha jwa malatsi a boikhutso a nako eo. Poso e a bulwa, dibanka tse di laolwang ke puso ga di tswalwe. [[Setshwantsho:Box of Valentine Chocolates.JPG|thumb|130x130px|Lebokoso la dilekere tsa letsatsi la baratani, tse gantsi di rekisiwang ka nako ya lesatsi la baratani]] Bontsi jwa dikompone, di akaretsa dibanka, marekisetso le mabentlele a a bulwang ka letsatsi la Tshipi a a tswalwa ka malatsi a papolo ya ga Keresete. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Letsatsi !Leina !Ditshwaelo |- |Tlhakole a le lesome le bone |Letsatsi la baratani |ke letsatsi le le reeletsweng ka Saint Valentine le tlhamilwe ke mopapa Gelasius. Bontsi jwa batho mo bosheng ba ipelela lorato lwa bone, ba neelana dikarata, dilekere, dithunya le dimpho tse dingwe |- |Tlhakole kgotsa Mopitlo, letsatsi le a farologana |Laboraro wa molora |malatsi a le masome a mane pele ga papolo ya ga Kereesete, go sa balelelwe letsatsi la Tshipi |- |Letsatsi la Tshipi pele ga papolo |Palm Sunday |go ipelelwa go tsena ga ga Keresete kwa Jerusalema |- |Labotlhano pele ga papolo |Papolo ya Morena |Labotlhano wa beke e e molemo fa Bakeresete ba bophirima ba ipelela papolo ya Morena le loso lwa gagwe. Dibanka le diposo tse di mo kagong ee tswalwang ka letsatsi le le tsone di a tswalwa. |- |Letsatsi la Tshipi morago ga ngwedi o o tletseng, malatsi a a farologana go tswa ka Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le bobedi go tsena Moranang a le masome mabedi le botlhano |Papolo |Go ipelelwa tsogo ya ga Keresete |- |Phalane a le masome mararo le motso |Halloween |pele e ne e supa phelelo ya paka ya go roba, gompieno go ipelelwa letsatsi pele ga letsatsi la baithephi. Mekgabisa e akaretsa dipone. Bana ba ya go kopa dilekere tse ba di neelwang ke baagisanyi. |- |Morule a le masome mabedi le bone |Letsatsi pele ga matsalo a ga Keresete |Letsatsi pele ga matsalo a ga Keresete, dikgwebo di tswalwa pele ga nako, le ntswa di le mmalwa di bulwa letsatsi lotlhe le bosigo jotlhe. |- |Morule a le masome mararo le motso |Letsatsi pele ga ngwaga o mosha |Letsatsi pele ga ngwaga o mosha. Kgwebo nngwe le nngwe e tswalwa pele ga nako, le ntswa di le mmalwa di bulwa letsatsi lotlhe le bosigo jotlhe. |} == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Dingangisano tsa papolo ya Morena]] == Metswedi == mugidw1ntkijuluaazch47wzu1eyba5 0 11145 53881 43991 2026-08-03T17:19:30Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|name=Southern African Community USA (SACU)|formation=2013|image=Southern_African_Community_USA_logo.jpg|headquarters=[[Silver Spring, Maryland]]|leader_title=Director|website=www.southernafricancommunity.org}} '''Southern African Community USA''' (SACU) ke mokgatlho o o kwadisitsweng wa 501(c)3 o o sa direng dipoelo o o neng wa tlhongwa ka 2013 kwa kgaolong ya Maryland go rotloetsa setso sa [[Borwa jwa Aforika]] le go kopanya merafe ya Diaspora ya Borwa jwa Aforika kwa USA.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251212064734/http://southernafricancommunity.org/who-we-are/about-sacu "Southern African Community USA | About SACU"]. ''Southernafricancommunity.org''. 2013-10-22. Retrieved 3 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">[http://www.maravipost.com/national/malawi-news/society/9608-sacu-held-its-third-annual-reunion-last-week-end-in-washing-dc.html "SACU held its third Annual Reunion Last week end in Washing DC"]. The Maravi Post. 2015-09-01. Retrieved 3 Phalane 2025.</ref> E ne ya tlhomiwa mmogo ke baeteledipele ba le lesome go tswa kwa mafatsheng a a farologaneng a Borwa jwa Aforika ba ba neng ba dira mmogo go aga mokgatlho o o neng o lebile thata batho ba Borwa jwa Aforika ba ba nnang kwa USA. E direla go tlhama boitshupo jwa Borwa jwa Aforika le tshwaragano mo lefelong la DC le US ka bophara le fa e le tiro ya go buelela, go fitlhelela baagi, go tshwara ditiragalo tsa loago le go dira jaaka motswedi wa tshedimosetso ka ga kgaolo. Ke mokgatlho wa ntlha kwa United States o o neng wa rulaganyediwa kgaolo eno le Mokgatlho wa ntlha wa Diaspora wa Borwa jwa Aforika mo lefatsheng. E amogela mafatshe a [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Eswatini]], [[Lesotho]], [[Madagascar]], [[Malawi]], [[Mauritius]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[Seychelles]], [[Aforika Borwa]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]] le [[Zimbabwe]] jaaka ditokololo tsa mafatshe a merafe ya Borwa jwa Aforika ka go tsamaelana le [[SADC]].<ref>Ph. M. D Long,"Ethnic American Food Today: A Cultural Encyclopedia", Rowman & Littlefield, Jul 17, 2015</ref><ref>[http://malawinewsnow.com/2015/09/malawians-in-us-participate-in-southern-african-community-reunion/ "Malawians in US participate in Southern African Community reunion"]. Malawi NEWSNow. Retrieved 3 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Ditso == SACU e tlhomilwe ka Phalane 2013 ke batho ba Borwa jwa Aforika ba le lesome ba ba nnang kwa US ka maikaelelo a go oketsa go bonala ga batho ba Borwa jwa Aforika kwa US le go aga setšhaba mo gare ga batho ba Borwa jwa Aforika. Ka jalo Polelo ya Thomo ya yone e balega jaana “Thomo ya SACU ke go kopanya baagi botlhe, ditlogolwana le ditsala tsa Borwa jwa Aforika kwa USA ka ditiro le ditiragalo tse di farologaneng, le go oketsa go bonala ga batho ba Borwa jwa Aforika kwa USA fa e ntse e na le seabe mo tlhabololong ka kakaretso ya setšhaba sa Aforika Borwa.”<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251212072128/http://southernafricancommunity.org/why-we-are-here/mission-statement/ "Southern African Community USA | Mission & Vision Statements"]. ''Southernafricancommunity.org''. Retrieved 3 Phalane 2025.</ref> Maikaelelo a mokgatlho ke go: Rotloetsa mafatshe le merafe ya Borwa jwa Aforika;<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251212071759/http://southernafricancommunity.org/why-we-are-here/sample-page/ "Southern African Community USA | Goals & Objectives"]. ''Southernafricancommunity.org''. Retrieved 3 Phalane 2025.</ref> Go itsise, go ruta le go tlhama kitso ya setso ka ga Borwa jwa Aforika; Go tlamela ka serala sa go nonotsha itsholelo ya Maaforika a a kwa Borwa kwa USA; Go tsenya letsogo mo ditirong tsa bopelotlhomogi le tsa katlaatlelo loago; Go aga le go rotloetsa bosetšhaba mo maAforika a Borwa (kago ya setšhaba); Fana ka boithabiso jo bo ntlafaditsweng ka setso. == Diporojeke le Ditiro == === Kopano ya Borwa jwa Aforika === SACU e tshwara ditiragalo di le mmalwa mo kgaolong ya toropokgolo ya DC, seno se akaretsa Mafelobeke a Kopano ya Borwa jwa Aforika a a ikaeletseng go kopanya baagi ba Borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":0" /> Ditiragalo di akaretsa pikiniki ya lelwapa, kgaisano ya kgwele ya dinao, kgaisano ya bolotlola, pontsho ya mokgabo le ditiragalo tse dingwe tsa loago.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Ph. M. D Long,Ethnic American Food Today, A Cultural Encyclopedia, Rowman & Littlefield, Jul 17, 2015</ref> ==== Pontsho ya Mokgabo wa Borwa jwa Aforika ==== SACU e ne ya tshwara Pontsho ya ntlha ya Mokgabo wa Borwa jwa Aforika ka 2014 e e neng e tlhagisa batlhami go tswa kwa Borwa jwa Aforika le kwa mafatsheng a mangwe.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051006/http://www.republikein.com.na/vermaak/sacu-reunion-gathers-southern-africans-diaspora.227389 "SACU Reunion gathers Southern Africans in the Diaspora"]. ''Republikein.com.na''. 2014-07-24. Retrieved 3 Phalane 2025.</ref> Pontsho ya yone e e latelang e ne ya tshwarwa ka 2015.<ref>[http://www.botswanayouth.com/mothusi-lesolle-showcases-his-designs-in-the-us/ "Mothusi Lesolle Showcases His Designs In The US - Botswana Youth Magazine"]. ''Botswanayouth.com''. 2015-08-28. Retrieved 3 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ke yone fela pontsho ya mokgabo kwa US e e kgethegileng mo mokgabong le setso sa Borwa jwa Aforika.<ref>[https://vimeo.com/105547932 "Southern African Community USA Fashion Show on Vimeo"]. ''Vimeo.com''. 2014-09-08. Retrieved 3 Phalane 2025.</ref> ==== '''Southern African Professionals Networking Forum''' ==== Polatefomo ya SACU e kopanya baitseanape go tswa kwa Borwa jwa Aforika le baitseanape ba ditiro go dirisana mmogo le go bua ka kgatelopele ya ditiro tsa batho ba ba tswang kwa kgaolong ya rona.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Marvellous Mhlanga-Nyahuye (2014-09-02). [http://www.voazimbabwe.com/content/zimbabwe-business-america-diaspora-southern-africa/2436366.html "Southern Africans Prepare to Take Bite of American Dream"]. ''Voazimbabwe.com''. Retrieved 3 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Kgolagano ya Borwa jwa Aforika === Lenaneo la TV la SACU le le itebagantseng le dikgang tsa Borwa jwa Aforika, ditiragalo le tshedimosetso le batho. === Go Fitlhelela Baagi le go Buelela === Setheo sa SACU sa go gakolola ka ga dikgatlhego le matshwenyego a maAforika a Borwa le baagi ba bangwe ba maAforika mo lefelong la DMV. Seno se akaretsa go tlamela ka dithutano tsa bofaladi le go tshwaetsa mmogo le go tlamela ka didirisiwa go Maaforika a Borwa. === Ditiro tse dingwe === Mananeo a mangwe a akaretsa Pontsho ya Kgwebo e e kopanyang batho le ditlamo tse di nang le kgatlhego ya go dira kgwebo le Borwa jwa Aforika le batho ba yone (Pontsho ya Kgwebo ya Borwa jwa Aforika (SABE); Polatefomo ya SACU ya go dira gore Maaforika a Borwa a itse ka ditiragalo tsa ga jaana mo kgaolong ya Borwa jwa Aforika (Southern African News Portal); le Maaforika a Borwa a Phetogo ya Bofaladi jwa Amerika (SAFAIR), serala sa go tlamela ka kitso go bafaladi ba Borwa jwa Aforika ka ga phetolo ya bofaladi le go aga dikgolagano le mekgatlho e mengwe e e tshegetsang phetolo e e akaretsang ya bofaladi. == Popego ya mokgatlho == SACU ke mokgatlho wa maloko mme o amogela matlole otlhe a one go tswa mo malokong a one kgotsa tshegetso ya baagi. E na le Khuduthamaga ya Bakaedi, Khuduthamaga ya Bogakolodi, le maloko ka kakaretso. === Bathei === Nadine Gauldino (Angola), Sitinga Kachipande (Malawi), Henri Marolen (Aforika Borwa), Siyanda Masiza (Aforika Borwa), Lisa Netha (Namibia), Rachel Nghiwete (Namibia), Mimmy Polan (Botswana), Margaret Perakis (Aforika Borwa), Cassandra Sibande (Zimbabwe), le Omega Tawonezvi (Zimbabwe). == Metswedi == 6mlgxjsriuiaee9qezgafrev9gmpqgm 0 12463 53878 50148 2026-08-03T15:56:24Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53878 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Rita Naa Odoley Sowah.jpg|thumb|Rita]] '''Rita Naa Odoley Sowah''' (o belegwe ka 2 Phukwi 1968) ke mopolotiki wa kwa [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]]. Ke leloko la [[:en:National_Democratic_Congress_(Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]] (NDC). [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Rita-Naa-Odoley-Sowah-empowering-the-youth-through-sports-in-La-Dadekotopon-1121591 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://www.myjoyonline.com/female-politicians-who-will-influence-december-2020-elections/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-odoley-sowah-to-retrace-ndc-roots.html <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Ke ene mosadi wa ntlha go nna leloko la palamente go tswa mo kgaolong ya [[:en:Dade_Kotopon|La Dade Kotopon]]. [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/election-2020-provisional-results-show-slight-rise-in-women-elected-to-parliament.html <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][[https://kasapafmonline.com/2020/12/40-female-mps-elected-into-ghanas-8th-parliament/ <nowiki>5]</nowiki>][https://www.myjoyonline.com/meet-the-40-female-mps-elect-of-8th-parliament/ <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>] A tswa kwa [[:en:Labadi|Labadi]] mo Greater Accra Region, o ne a direla jaaka Mookamedi wa Khuduthamaga ya Mmasepala (MCE) wa [[:en:La_Dade_Kotopon_Municipal_District|La Dade kotopon Municipal Assembly]] (LADMA) go tloga ka 2013 go fitlha ka 2017. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Rita Naa Odoley Sowah o belegwe ka di 2 Phukwi 1968. Ke Mo-[[:en:Ga-Adangbe_people|Ga]] le moagi wa [[:en:Labadi|La]] gape o itsege jaaka [[:en:Labadi|Labadi]] kwa [[:en:Greater_Accra_Region|Greater Accra Region ya]] Ghana. [https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=62 <nowiki>[8]</nowiki>] == Tiro == '''Tiro ya gagwe ya pele''' Sowah o ne a dira jaaka mokwaledi kwa Premix Secretariat ka fa tlase ga Khomišene ya Ditlhapi ya Ghana. O ne gape a dira jaaka Data Entry Officer kwa Lefapheng la Di-Lottery tsa Bosetšhaba jaanong National Lottery Authority kwa Ghana le jaaka mokwaledi kwa Ofising ya La Dade Kotopon ya Leloko la Palamente.[https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=62 <nowiki>[ 8]</nowiki>] '''Mookamedi wa Khuduthamaga ya Mmasepala''' O ne a direla jaaka Mookamedi wa Khuduthamaga ya Mmasepala wa ntlha (MCE) wa La Dade kotopon Municipal Assembly (LADMA) go tloga ka 2013 go fitlha ka 2017.[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/election-2020-provisional-results-show-slight-rise-in-women-elected-to-parliament.html <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] O ne gape a direla jaaka motshwaramatlotlo wa National Association of Local Authorities of Ghana (NALAG). [https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2016/03/23/zambia-delegation-calls-on-national-association-of-local-authorities-of-ghana/ <nowiki>[11]</nowiki>][https://newsghana.com.gh/nalag-to-venture-into-property-development/ <nowiki>[12]</nowiki>] == Mopolotiki == '''Taletso ya Palamente''' O ne a tsenela ditlhopho tsa NDC go tlhophiwa jaaka mokgatlhô wa bona go ya kwa ditlhophong tsa 2020 mme a fenya. [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Rita-Naa-Odoley-Sowah-empowering-the-youth-through-sports-in-La-Dadekotopon-1121591 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] O dirile hisetori jaaka mosadi wa ntlha go fenya setilo sa palamente sa La Dade-Kotopon mo ditlhophong tsa Palamente tsa 2020. O ne a fenya ka go bona diboutu di le 47,606 tse di emetseng 53.67% fa Joseph Gerald Tetteh Nyanyofio wa [[:en:New_Patriotic_Party|New Patriotic Party]] (NPP) a ne a bona diboutu di le 41,101 tse di emetseng 46.33%.[1] [2] Ke mongwe wa basadi ba le 40 ba ba emetseng dikgaolo tsa bona mo Palamenteng ya bo 8 go tloga ka 7 Ferikgong 2021. [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-odoley-sowah-to-retrace-ndc-roots.html <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>][https://www.myjoyonline.com/meet-the-40-female-mps-elect-of-8th-parliament/ <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>] '''Leloko la Palamente''' Sowah o ne a ikana jaaka Leloko la Palamente a emela La Dade Kotopon Constituency mo Palamenteng ya bo 8 ya Rephaboliki ya bo 4 ya Ghana ka 7 Pherekgong 2021. [1] O direla jaaka leloko la Komiti ya Basha, Metshameko le Setso le Komiti ya Bong le Bana ya Palamente. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230425090334/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=62 <nowiki>[8]</nowiki>] == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Sowah ke mo keresete. == Metswedi == [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Rita-Naa-Odoley-Sowah-empowering-the-youth-through-sports-in-La-Dadekotopon-1121591 [1<nowiki>]</nowiki> "Rita Naa Odoley Sowah empowering the youth through sports in La Dadekotopon"]. GhanaWeb. 2020-11-29. Retrieved 2020-12-19. [https://www.myjoyonline.com/female-politicians-who-will-influence-december-2020-elections/ <nowiki>[2] "Prince Akpah: Female politicians who will influence December 2020 elections</nowiki>]". MyJoyOnline. Retrieved 2020-12-19. [3] Botchway, Nii Martey M. (27 July 2019). [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-odoley-sowah-to-retrace-ndc-roots.html "Odoley Sowah to retrace NDC roots"]. Graphic Online. Retrieved 14 April 2021. [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/election-2020-provisional-results-show-slight-rise-in-women-elected-to-parliament.html <nowiki>[4] "Election 2020: Provisional results show slight rise in women elected to parliament</nowiki>]". Graphic Online. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-19. [https://kasapafmonline.com/2020/12/40-female-mps-elected-into-ghanas-8th-parliament/ <nowiki>[5] "40 Female MPs elected into Ghana's 8th Parliament</nowiki>]". kasapafmonline. 18 December 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-19. [https://www.myjoyonline.com/meet-the-40-female-mps-elect-of-8th-parliament/ <nowiki>[6] "Meet the 40 female MPs-elect of 8th Parliament"</nowiki>]. MyJoyOnline. Retrieved 2020-12-19. [https://www.graphic.com.gh/lifestyle/personality-profiles/rita-naa-odoley-sowah-mp-la-dade-kotopon.html <nowiki>[7] "Rita Naa Odoley Sowah, MP La Dade Kotopon"</nowiki>]. Graphic Online. October 16, 2023. Retrieved June 26, 2024. [https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=62 <nowiki>[8] "Official Profile of Rita Naa Odoley Sowah – Parliament of Ghana"</nowiki>]. Parliament Of Ghana. Retrieved 2021-04-13. [https://citinewsroom.com/2020/12/rita-naa-odoley-sowahs-quest-to-revamp-education-la-dadekotopon/ <nowiki>[9] "Rita Naa Odoley Sowah's quest to revamp education La Dadekotopon</nowiki>]". Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana. 2020-12-01. Retrieved 2020-12-19. [[From Rita Odoley Sowah's vocational training initiative"|[10] "La Dadetokopon: Hundreds of artisans to benefit from Rita Odoley Sowah's vocational training initiative]]". Pulse Ghana. 2020-11-30. Retrieved 2020-12-19. [11] Dogbevi, Emmanuel (2016-03-23). "[https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2016/03/23/zambia-delegation-calls-on-national-association-of-local-authorities-of-ghana/ Zambia delegation calls on National Association of Local Authorities of Ghana]". Ghana Business News. Retrieved 2021-04-14. [https://newsghana.com.gh/nalag-to-venture-into-property-development/ <nowiki>[12] "NALAG To Venture Into Property Development</nowiki>]". News Ghana. 2016-03-23. Retrieved 2021-04-14. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519090022/https://nationaltymes.com/2020/09/30/miss-gh-hon-rita-odoley-donated-to-la-polyclinic-latenu/ <nowiki>[13]"Miss GH, Hon. Rita Odoley Donated to La Polyclinic & LATENU"</nowiki>]. NationalTymes. 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2020-12-19 87istgj5p5vza3t2asvzi9jv08bcbki 0 12733 53882 53785 2026-08-03T17:35:55Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53882 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tau''' ('''''Panthera leo''''') ke katse e kgolo ya mofuta wa ''Panthera'', e ga jaana e fitlhelelwang fela mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara le kwa India. E na le mmele o o mesifa, wa sehuba se se sephara ; tlhogo e e khutshwane, e e kgolokgwe; ditsebe tse di kgolokwe; le karolo e e ntsho, e e tletseng moriri kwa ntlheng ya mogatla wa yona. Ditau tse ditonanyana tse di godileng di kgolo go feta tse di namagadi mme di na le moriri o o bonagalang sentle o o simololang mo tlhogong go fitlha kwa magetleng le mo sehubeng. Tau e nna mo mafelong a bojang, mo dithabeng le mo ditlhatshaneng . Ke phologolo e e jang diphologolo tse dingwe, tse dingwe tse di nang le ditlhako tse dikgolo le tse di magareng. Gantsi e nna motshegare go feta dikatse tse dingwe tsa naga, mme fa e tshosediwa, e tlwaela go nna matlhagatlhaga bosigo le fa go nna lefifi. Ke mofuta wa diphologolo tse di nnang mmogo, o o bopang ditlhopha tse di bidiwang segopa. Segopa saditau se na le dinamagadi tse di tsalanang le dinaane, le tse di mmalwa kgotsa e le nngwe e tonanyana e e godileng e e sa amaneng le tse di namagadi. Ditlhopha tsa ditau tse di namagadi gantsi di tsoma mmogo.Gontsi tse di godileng di gaisana gore a di ka tswelela di le maloko a segopa seo kana di ka nna tsa se bona. Ka nako ya metlha ya Bogologolo, ditau di ne di nna mo Afrika yotlhe le Eurasia, go tswa kwa Borwabotlhaba jwa Yuropa go ya kwa India. Le fa go ntse jalo, e fokoditswe go nna dipalopalo tse di kgaoganeng kwa Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara le palo e le nngwe kwa bophirima jwa India. E ntse e le mo lenaaneng la IUCN Red List jaaka e le mo kotsing go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1996 ka ntlha ya gore dipalo tsa yone mo dinageng tsa Afrika di fokotsegile ka karolo ya masome a manele boraro mo lkgolong fa e sa le mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo 1990. Ditau ga di kgone go nna mo mafelong a mangwe kwa ntle ga mafelo a a sireleditsweng. Le fa gone go sa tlhaloganngwe sentle ka botlalo gore ke eng se se bakang go nyelela ga tsone, go latlhegelwa ke bonno jwa tsone le dikgotlhang le dikgotlhang le batho ke tsone tse di tshwenyang thata. Tau e tshwantshitswe thata mo ditshwantshong tsa setshwantsho le ditshwantsho tsa pente, mo difolageng tsa bosetšhaba, le mo dibukeng tsa dikwalo le difiliming. Ke nngwe ya matshwao a diphologolo a a itsiweng thata mo setsong sa batho mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Ditau di ne tsa bolokwa mo [[:en:Menagerie|mafelong a go bontsha diphologolo]] (menageries) go tloga mo motlheng wa [[:en:Roman_Empire|Mmusomogolo wa Roma,]] mme e sale e le nngwe ya diphologolo tsa botlhokwa tse di neng di batliwa go bontshiwa mo [[:en:Zoological_garden|dirapeng tsa diphologolo]] mo lefatsheng lotlhe go tloga kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. Ditshwantsho tsa ditau mo setsong di bonala mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe, segolobogolo e le letshwao la maatla le bogosi. Ditau di tlhagelela thata e le matshwao le medimo mo ditumelong tsa bogologolo. == Thuto ya mafoko == Leina la kakaretso la ''Panthera'' le latedisiwa go tswa mo [[:en:Classical_Latin|lefokong la Selatine]] la bogologolo 'panthēra' le lefoko la [[:en:Ancient_Greek|bogologolo la Segerika]] πάνθηρ 'panther'.<ref>Liddell, H. G.; Scott, R. (1940). "[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2377441 πάνθηρ]". A Greek-English Lexicon (Revised and augmented ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080411203109/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2377441 Archived] from the original on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2021.</ref> Lefoko la Seesemane ''lion'' le tswa ka liun ya Seesemane le Se-Norman go tswa mo go [[:en:Latin|Selatine]] leōnem (leina: leō), le ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe e neng e le go adima go tswa mo Segerikeng sa bogologolo λέων léōn. Lefoko la [[:en:Hebrew_language|Sehebera]] לָבִיא lavi le lone le ka tswa le amana le lone.<ref>"[https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=lion lion]". [[:en:Oxford_English_Dictionary|Oxford English Dictionary]] (online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 20 March 2022. (Subscription or [https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary participating institution membership required.])</ref> == Ditshupiso ==  ''Felis leo'' e ne e le [[:en:Scientific_name|leina la saense]] le le neng la dirisiwa ke [[:en:Carl_Linnaeus|Carl Linnaeus]] ka ngwaga wa 1758, yo o neng a tlhalosa tau mo bukeng ya gagwe e e bidiwang [[:en:Systema_Naturae|''Systema Naturae'']]. Leina la mofuta wa Panthera le ne la tlhamiwa ke [[:en:Lorenz_Oken|Lorenz Oken]] ka ngwaga wa 1816.<ref>Oken, L. (1816). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=S5o5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1052 1. Art, Panthera]". Lehrbuch der Zoologie. 2. Abtheilung. Jena: August Schmid & Comp. p. 1052.</ref> Magareng ga bogare jwa lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga le bogare jwa lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga, go ne ga tlhalosiwa le go akanyediwa gore go na le dikai tsa mefuta e mennye e le masome a mabedi le borataro ya ditau e e leng gore mo go yone, e le lesome le bongwe di ne tsa amogelwa e le [[:en:Valid_name_(zoology)|mefuta ya nnete]] ka ngwaga wa 2005. Di ne di farologanngwa thata ka bogolo le mmala wa mafofa a tlhogo (mane) le letlalo la tsone.<ref name=":0">Hemmer, H. (1974). "[https://archive.org/stream/verfentlichungen171974zool#page/178/mode/2up Untersuchungen zur Stammesgeschichte der Pantherkatzen (Pantherinae) Teil 3. Zur Artgeschichte des Löwen Panthera (Panthera) leo (Linnaeus, 1758)"]. Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung. 17: 167–280.</ref> === Mefuta ya phologolo e e potlana === Mo lekgolong la bo lesome le boferabongwe le la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga, go ne ga tlhalosiwa disampole di le mmalwa tsa ditau mme tsa akanyediwa e le mefuta e mennye. Mo e ka nnang lesome le bobedi la yone di ne tsa amogelwa e le ditlhopha tsa nnete go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2017.<ref name=":1">[[:en:W._Chris_Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]] (2005). "[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000228 Species Panthera leo"]. In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). [http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA546 Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference] (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 546. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0|978-0-8018-8221-0]]. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494 62265494].</ref> Magareng ga ngwaga wa 2008 le 2016, baitseanape ba ba tlhatlhobang [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|Lenaane le Lehibidu la IUCN]] ba ne ba dirisa maina a mabedi fela a mefuta e mennye: P. l. leo bakeng sa ditau tsotlhe tsa Aforika, le P. l. persica bakeng sa ditau tsa Asia.<ref>Nicholson, S.; Bauer, H.; Strampelli, P.; Sogbohossou, E.; Ikanda, D.; Tumenta, P. F.; Venktraman, M.; Chapron, G.; Loveridge, A. (2024) [amended version of 2023 assessment]. "[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15951/259030422 Panthera leo"]. [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]. 2024 e.T15951A259030422. Retrieved 30 June 2024.</ref><ref>Breitenmoser, U.; Mallon, D. P.; Ahmad Khan, J.; Driscoll, C. (2008). "[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15952/5327221 Panthera leo ssp. persica"]. [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]. 2008 e.T15952A5327221. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T15952A5327221.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T15952A5327221.en.]]</ref><ref>Henschel, P.; Bauer, H.; Sogbohoussou, E.; Nowell, K. (2015). "[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/68933833/54067639 Panthera leo West Africa subpopulation"]. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T68933833A54067639.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T68933833A54067639.en]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2017, Setlhopha sa Tshekatsheko ya Kgaoganyo ya Dikatse (Cat Classification Task Force) sa Cat Specialist Group se ne sa baakanya [[:en:Taxonomy_(biology)|kgaoganyo]] ya ditau, mme sa amogela mefuta e mebedi e mennye e e ikaegileng ka dipholo tsa dipatlisiso di le mmalwa tsa [[:en:Phylogeographic|thuto ya kabo ya ditshedi le losika lwa tsone]] mabapi le [[:en:Evolution|tlhabologo]] ya ditau, e leng * [[:en:Panthera_leo_leo|P. l. leo]] (Linnaeus, ngwaga wa 1758) – [[:en:Nominate_subspecies|mofuta o mogolo]] wa tau o akaretsa [[:en:Asiatic_lion|tau ya Asia,]] [[:en:Barbary_lion|tau ya Barbary]] e e [[:en:Locally_extinct|nyeletseng mo lefelong leo]], le ditau tsa Bophirima jwa Aforika le bokone jwa Bogare jwa Aforika.<ref name=":2">Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). [https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=71 "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group"] (PDF). Cat News. Special Issue 11: 71–73. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200117172708/https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=71 Archived] (PDF) from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2019.</ref> [[:en:Synonym_(taxonomy)|Maina a mangwe a e neng e bidiwa ka one]] (maina a mangwe a saense) a akaretsa P. l. persica, P. l. senegalensis, P. l. kamptzi le P. l. azandica.(Allen, 1924)<ref name=":1" /> Gape e bidiwa "tau ya bokone" kgotsa "mofuta o monnye wa bokone". * P. l. melanochaita (Smith, 1842) – o akaretsa tau ya Cape e e nyeletseng le ditau tsa Botlhaba le Borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":2" /> Maina a mangwe a saense a akaretsa P. l. somaliensis, P. l. massaica, P. l. sabakiensis, P. l. bleyenberghi, P. l. roosevelti, P. l. nyanzae, P. l. hollisteri, P. l. krugeri, P. l. vernayi le P. l. webbiensis.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Gape e bidiwa "mofuta o monnye wa borwa" kgotsa "tau ya borwa"<ref>Hunter, L.; Barrett, P. (2018). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=4HpxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 Lion Panthera leo]". The Field Guide to Carnivores of the World (Second ed.). London, Oxford, New York, New Delhi, Sydney: Bloomsbury. pp. 46−47. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4729-5080-2|978-1-4729-5080-2]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240305201610/https://books.google.com/books?id=4HpxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 Archived] from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2018.</ref> Go ikaegilwe ka DNA ya nyutlea le ya mitochondrial, mefutapotlana e mebedi e ka kgaoganngwa gape go nna di-clade di le supa. Borasaense ba atlenegisitse di-clade tseno jaaka diyuniti tsa motheo tsa go fetoga ga ditau fa gare ga mafelo a a farologaneng a di tlhagelelang mo go one.<ref>Bertola, Laura D.; Miller, Susan M.; Williams, Vivienne L.; Naude, Vincent N.; Coals, Peter; Dures, Simon G.; Henschel, Philipp; Chege, Monica; Sogbohossou, Etotépé A.; Ndiaye, Arame; Kiki, Martial; Gaylard, Angela; Ikanda, Dennis K.; Becker, Matthew S.; Lindsey, Peter (2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8792481 "Genetic guidelines for translocations: Maintaining intraspecific diversity in the lion ( Panthera leo )]". Evolutionary Applications. 15 (1): 22–39. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022EvApp..15...22B 2022EvApp..15...22B]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/eva.13318|10.1111/eva.13318.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8792481 8792481]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35126646 35126646].</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le go tshwana go go rileng fa gare ga ditlhopha tse pedi tseno kwa bokone jwa Afrika Bogare. Tshekatsheko ya DNA go tswa mo thutong ya sešweng e supa gore ditau tsa Aforika Bogare di tswa mo ditaung tsa bokone le tsa borwa ka bobedi, jaaka di kgobokana le P. leo leo mo di-phylogenies tse di theilweng mo mtDNA. Go farologana le seo, DNA ya tsona ya jenome e supa kamano e e gaufi le P. leo melanochaita.[15] === Masalela a bogologolo (Fossil records) === Mefuta e mengwe ya tau kgotsa ya ditshedi tse di amanang thata le tau ya gompieno e kile ya tshela mo metlheng ya bogologolo: * P. fossilis – e ne e le kgolo go feta tau ya gompieno, mme e ne e tshela kwa Eurasia mo nakong ya Middle Pleistocene. Go akanngwa gore ke yone e neng ya nna mogologolwane (ancestor) wa P. spelaea. * P. spelaea, kgotsa tau ya mebapo (cave lion), e ne e tshela kwa Eurasia le Beringia mo nakong ya Late Pleistocene. E ne ya nyelela ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga mogote wa loapi kgotsa go anamela ga batho, e seng morago ga dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse lesome le bongwe le makgolo a borobabongwe tse di fetileng. Dikarolwana tsa marapo tse di fitlhetsweng mo mebapong ya kwa Yuropa, Bokone jwa Asia, Canada le Alaska di bontsha gore e ne e gasame go tswa kwa Yuropa go kgabaganya Siberia go fitlha kwa Bophirima jwa Alaska. Go akanngwa gore e tlhagile mo P. fossilis, mme e ne e kgaogane ka dijini le tau ya gompieno ya Aforika le Eurasia. E tshwantshitswe mo ditshwantshong tsa mebapo, ditshwantsho tse di betlilweng ka lenaka la tlou, le ditshwantsho tsa letsopa. * P. atrox, kgotsa tau ya Amerika, e ne e tshela mo Dinageng tsa Amerika, go tswa kwa Canada go fitlha gongwe kwa Patagonia, mo nakong ya Late Pleistocene. E ne ya kgaogana le tau ya mebapo mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome a marataro le botlhano tse di fetileng.<ref>Salis, A. T.; Bray, S. C. E.; Lee, M. S. Y.; Heiniger, H.; Barnett, R.; Burns, J. A.; Doronichev, V.; Fedje, D.; Golovanova, L.; Harington, C. R.; Hockett, B.; Kosintsev, P.; Lai, X.; Mackie, Q.; Vasiliev, S. (2022). "Lions and brown bears colonized North America in multiple synchronous waves of dispersal across the Bering Land Bridge". Molecular Ecology. 31 (24): 6407–6421. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022MolEc..31.6407S 2022MolEc..31.6407S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]][[doi:10.1111/mec.16267|:10.1111/mec.16267]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11343/299180|11343/299180]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34748674 34748674].</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, ka ngwaga wa 1938, moithuti wa masalela a bogologolo [[:en:Paulus_Edward_Pieris_Deraniyagala|Paulus Deraniyagala]] o ne a raya gore go na le mofuta o monnye o o bidiwang P. l. sinhaleyus, a ikaegile ka masalela a mabedi a a fitlhetsweng kwa Kuruwita, Sri Lanka. Masalela ao e ne e le leino la go sila la kwa tlase le leino la canine la kwa tlase le le senyegileng. O ne a tlhalosa mofuta ono e le o mosesane le o moleele, mme ga a ka a bontsha pharologanyo e kgolo fa o bapisiwa le mefuta e mengwe ya ditau. Patlisiso e nngwe e e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa 2005 e ne ya sekaseka masalela ao gape, mme ya a baya fela mo mofuteng wa P. leo.<ref>Deraniyagala, P. E. P. (1938). "Some fossil animals from Ceylon, Part II". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (Ceylon Branch). 34 (91): 231–239. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/45385414 45385414].</ref><ref>Manamendra-Arachchi, K.; Pethiyagoda, R.; Dissanayake, R.; Meegaskumbura, M. (2005). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237009731 "A second extinct big cat from the late Quaternary of Sri Lanka"]. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement 12: 423–434.</ref> === Tlhagalelo === [[Setshwantsho:Panthera Atrox.jpg|thumb|Legata la tau ya Amerika le bontshiwa kwa Lefelong la polokelo la Bosetšhaba la Ditso tsa Tlhago]] [[Setshwantsho:Cave lion range.png|thumb|Bogolo jwa tau ya segompieno le ba losika lwa yone lwa pele ga ditso mo bokhutlong jwa Pleistocene]] Go akanngwa gore [[:en:Lineage_(evolution)|losika]] lwa Panthera lo ne lwa [[:en:Genetic_divergence|kgaogana ka dijini]] le [[:en:Common_ancestor|mogologolwane yo o tshwanang wa lelapa]] la dikatse ([[:en:Felidae|Felidae]]) mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le didikadike di le [https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=10.8 lesome le borobabobedi] tse di fetileng.<ref>Johnson, W. E. (2006). "The late miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Sci...311...73J 2006Sci...311...73J]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1122277|10.1126/science.1122277]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400146 16400146].</ref> [[:en:Hybrid_(biology)|Go tsalana ga losika]] lwa bogologolo lwa tau le [[:en:Snow_leopard|lengau la serame]] (snow leopard) go ka tswa go ile ga tswelela go fitlha mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi ntlha nngwe tse di fetileng.<ref>Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J. (2016). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691742 "Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)".] Genome Research. 26 (1): 1–11. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1101/gr.186668.114|10.1101/gr.186668.114]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691742 4691742]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26518481 26518481].</ref>Setlhopha sa tau le nkwe (leopard clade) se ne se gasame kwa Asia le kwa Palearctic ya Aforika go tloga bonnye mo tshimologong ya nako ya Pliocene. Masalela a bogologolo a ntlha a a lemogilweng e le a tau a ne a fitlhelwa kwa Olduvai Gorge kwa Tanzania, mme go akanngwa gore a ka nna a le dingwaga di ka nna dimilione di le pedi. Ditau di ne tsa simolola go anamela go tswa kwa Aforika go ya kwa Eurasia mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le milione di le nngwe tse di fetileng, mme seno sa tlhagisa losika lwa tau ya mebapo (cave lion), e jaanong e tsewang e le mofuta o o farologaneng le tau ya gompieno. Go akanngwa gore losika lwa tau ya gompieno le lwa tau ya mebapo bo ne jwa kgaogana mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete di le makgolo a matlhano go ya go didikadikeng di le [https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=1.9 dingwe ntlha robongwe] tse di fetileng. Tshekatsheko ya dijini tsa khubu ya sele (nuclear genome) ya dikao tse di le mmalwa tsa tau ya mebapo le tsa ditau tsa bogologolo e bontshitse gore go ne go na le [[:en:Gene_flow|phapanyetsano e nnye ya dijini]] (e e kwa tlase ga karolo di le tlhano mo lekgolong tsa genome yotlhe) magareng ga tsone. Dikao dingwe tsa tau ya mebapo tsa Late Pleistocene di bontsha gore karolo di le tharo ntlha pedi go ya go nne ntlha nne mo lekgolong tsa losika lwa tsone di ne di tswa mo ditau tsa gompieno. Losika loo lo bonala lo amana thata le ditau tsa Asia tse di sa tswang go nyelela kwa [[:en:West_Asia|Bophirima jwa Asia]]. Tau ya mebapo ya Eurasia le tau ya Amerika di ne tsa nyelela kwa bokhutlong jwa nako ya bofelo ya serame (last glacial period), e le karolo ya go nyelela ga ditshedi ga bofelo jwa Pleistocene. Go ka direga gore tau ya gompieno e ne e anametse mo Aforika lotlhe mo nakong ya Middle Pleistocene, mme ya simolola go kgaogana mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara mo nakong ya Late Pleistocene. Ditau tsa Botlhaba le Borwa jwa Aforika di ne tsa kgaogana le ditau tsa Bophirima le Bokone jwa Aforika fa sekgwa sa equator se ne se atologa magareng ga dingwaga di le dikete di le lekgolo le masome a robedi le boraro, dikete di le makgolo a matlhano le makgolo a mane go ya go dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a robedi le nngwe, dikete di le makgolo a robedi. Di ne di na le mogologolwane yo o tshwanang mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a robongwe le boferabobedi go ya go dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a matlhano le bobedi tse di fetileng. Ka ntlha ya go atologa ga Sekaka sa Sahara magareng ga dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a robedi le boraro, lekgolo le sengwe go ya go dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro, makgolo a marataro tse di fetileng, ditau tsa Bophirima le Bokone jwa Aforika di ne tsa kgaogana. Fa sekgwa sa dipula se ntse se fokotsega mme mafelo a a bulegileng a oketsega, ditau di ne tsa fuduga go tswa kwa Bophirima go ya kwa Bogare jwa Aforika. Ditau tsa Bokone jwa Aforika di ne tsa anamela kwa Borwa jwa Yuropa le kwa Asia magareng ga dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mararo le boferabobedi, makgolo a robedi go ya go dingwaga di le dikete di le robedi, makgolo a mararo tse di fetileng. Go nyelela ga ditau kwa Borwa jwa Yuropa, Bokone jwa Aforika le Botlhaba jo bo Gaufi go ne ga emisa phapanyetsano ya dijini magareng ga ditau tsa Asia le tsa Aforika. Bosupi jwa dijini bo bontshitse diphetogo di le dintsi tsa dijini mo disampoleng tsa ditau tsa Botlhaba le Borwa jwa Aforika, se se bontshang gore setlhopha seno se na le hisetori e telele ya tlhabologo go feta disampole tsa ditau tsa Asia le tsa Bophirima le Bogare jwa Aforika tse di nang le pharologano e nnye ya dijini. Tshekatsheko ya genome yotlhe ya disampole tsa ditau e bontshitse gore disampole tsa Bophirima jwa Aforika di ne di na le di-allele tse di tshwanang le tsa Borwa jwa Aforika, fa disampole tsa Bogare jwa Aforika di ne di na le di-allele tse di tshwanang le tsa Asia. Se se bontsha gore Bogare jwa Aforika e kile ya nna lefelo le ditau tse di tswang mo mafelong a a farologaneng di neng di kopanela mo go lone morago ga gore di kgaogane. Go akanngwa gore di ne di fuduga ka ditselana tsa go fuduga mo Mokgatšheng wa Nile (''Nile Basin'') mo tshimologong ya nako ya ''Holocene''. === Ditswakwa === Tshedimosetso e nngwe: Motswako wa Panthera Mo di-zoo, ditau di tsadisitswe le dinkwe go dira mefuta e e kopantsweng gore baeng ba batle go itse kgotsa ka maikaelelo a saense.[38][39] Liger e kgolo go feta tau le nkwe, fa bontsi jwa di-tigon di le dinnye fa di bapisiwa le batsadi ba tsone ka ntlha ya ditlamorago tsa dijini tse di tshwanang.[40][41] Lengau ke motswako wa tau le lengau The extinction of lions in southern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East interrupted gene flow between lion populations in Asia and Africa. Genetic evidence revealed numerous mutations in lion samples from East and Southern Africa, which indicates that this group has a longer evolutionary history than genetically less diverse lion samples from Asia and West and Central Africa.[37] A whole genome-wide sequence of lion samples showed that samples from West Africa shared alleles with samples from Southern Africa, and samples from Central Africa shared alleles with samples from Asia. This phenomenon indicates that Central Africa was a melting pot of lion populations after they had become isolated, possibly migrating through corridors in the Nile Basin during the early Holocene.[17] Go nyelela ga ditau kwa Borwa jwa Yuropa, Bokone jwa Aforika le Botlhaba jo bo Gaufi go ne ga emisa phapanyetsano ya dijini magareng ga ditau tsa Asia le tsa Aforika. Bosupi jwa dijini bo bontshitse diphetogo di le dintsi tsa dijini mo disampoleng tsa ditau tsa Botlhaba le Borwa jwa Aforika, se se bontshang gore setlhopha seno se na le hisetori e telele ya tlhabologo go feta disampole tsa ditau tsa Asia le tsa Bophirima le Bogare jwa Aforika tse di nang le pharologano e nnye ya dijini. Tshekatsheko ya genome yotlhe ya disampole tsa ditau e bontshitse gore disampole tsa Bophirima jwa Aforika di ne di na le di-allele tse di tshwanang le tsa Borwa jwa Aforika, fa disampole tsa Bogare jwa Aforika di ne di na le di-allele tse di tshwanang le tsa Asia. Se se bontsha gore Bogare jwa Aforika e kile ya nna lefelo le ditau tse di tswang mo mafelong a a farologaneng di neng di kopanela mo go lone morago ga gore di kgaogane. Go akanngwa gore di ne di fuduga ka ditselana tsa go fuduga mo Mokgatšheng wa Nile (Nile Basin) mo tshimologong ya nako ya Holocene. ✅ Mafoko a botlhokwa: Gene flow → phapanyetsano ya dijini Mutation → phetoho ya dijini Alleles → mefuta e e farologaneng ya dijini Whole genome → genome yotlhe Evolutionary history → hisetori ya tlhabologo Melting pot → lefelo le ditlhopha tse di farologaneng di kopanelang mo go lone Corridors → ditselana tsa go fuduga The lion is a muscular, broad-chested cat with a short, rounded head, a reduced neck, and round ears; males have broader heads. The fur varies in colour from light buff to silvery grey, yellowish red, and dark brown. The colours of the underparts are generally lighter. A newborn lion has dark spots, which fade as the cub reaches adulthood, although faint spots may still be seen on the legs and underparts.[43][44] The tail of all lions ends in a dark, hairy tuft that, in some lions, conceals an approximately 5 mm (0.20 in)-long, hard "spine" or "spur" composed of dermal papillae.[45] The functions of the spur are unknown. The tuft is absent at birth, develops at around 5+1⁄2 months of age, and is readily identifiable at the age of seven months.[46] Tau ke katse e e nang le mesifa e mentsi, sehuba se se atlologileng, tlhogo e khutshwane e e kgolokwe, molala o o khutshwafetseng le ditsebe tse di kgolokwe; dipoo di na le ditlhogo tse di atlologileng go feta. Bontsi jwa boboa jwa yone bo fetoga ka mmala go simolola ka mmala o o borokwa jo bo sa tiang go ya go bosetlha jo bo tswakilweng le selefera, bokhibidu jo bo tswakilweng le serolwana, le borokwa jo bo fifetseng. Dikarolo tse di kwa tlase tsa mmele gantsi di nna le mmala o o bobebe. Tau e e sa tswang go tsalwa e na le matheba a mantsho mo mmeleng, mme matheba ao a a nyelela fa ngwana wa tau a gola go nna mogolo. Le fa go ntse jalo, matheba a a sa bonaleng thata a ka nna a bonala mo maotong le mo dikarolong tse di kwa tlase tsa mmele. Mogatla wa ditau tsotlhe o felela ka lesaponyana le le kwa ntle le le nang le boboa jo bontsho jo bontsi. Mo ditau dingwe, lesaponyana leno le fitlha "mokwatla" kgotsa "motsu" o o thata o boleele jwa dimilimetara di le tlhano (5 mm) kgotsa sentimetara e le nngwe le seripa sa lesome (0.20 in), o o dirilweng ka dipapilla tsa letlalo (dermal papillae). Tiro ya mokwatla ono kgotsa motsu ono ga e ise e itsiwe. Lesaponyana leno ga le yo fa tau e tsalwa, mme le simolola go gola fa e le dikgwedi di le tlhano le seripa (5½ months), mme le bonala sentle fa e le dikgwedi di le supa. Lehata la tau le tshwana thata le la nkwe. Le fa go ntse jalo, karolo ya kwa pele ya lehata gantsi e kokobetse e bile e bataletse, mme e na le karolo ya morago ga matlho e e khutshwane go se kae le diphatlha tsa nko tse di atlologileng go feta tsa nkwe. Ka ntlha ya dipharologano tse dintsi tsa popego ya lehata mo mefuteng e mebedi eno, gantsi ke popego ya lerapo la lotlhakore lo lo kwa tlase fela e e ka dirisiwang go supa mofuta wa setshedi ka boikanyego. Mesifa ya marapo ya tau e dira diperesente di le masome a matlhano le borobabobedi ntlha borobabobedi (58.8%) tsa bokete jwa mmele wa yone, mme ke yone palo e kgolo ya mesifa e e fitlhelwang mo diphologolong tse di anyesang. Tau e na le bontsi jo bogolo jwa ditlhale tsa mesifa tse di itayang ka bonako, tse di e nayang bokgoni jwa go taboga ka lobelo ka nakwana, mme e na le boitshoko jo bonnye. === Bogolo === Mo gare ga di-felid, tau ke ya bobedi morago ga nkwe ka bogolo.[44] Bogolo le bokete jwa ditau tse di godileng di farologana go ya ka lefelo le di nnang mo go lone.[53][54][55][56] Diakhaonto tsa batho ba le mmalwa ba ba neng ba le bogolo go feta palogare di teng go tswa kwa Afrika le Asia {| class="wikitable" |+ !Bogare !Ditau tse di namagadi !Ditau tse di tona ! |- |Boleele jwa tlhogo le mmele |disentimetara di le lekgolo le masome a marataro go ya go disentimetara di le lekgolo le masome a robabongwe le bonè (diintšhi di le masome a marataro le boraro go ya go diintšhi di le masome a supa le bobedi). |disentimetara di le lekgolo le masome a robabongwe le bonè go ya go disentimetara di le makgolo a mabedi le robedi (diintšhi di le masome a supa le bobedi go ya go diintšhi di le masome a robedi le bobedi). | |- |Boleele jwa mogatla |disentimetara di le masome a supa le bobedi go ya go disentimetara di le masome a robabongwe le tlhano ntlha tlhano (diintšhi di le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi ntlha boraro go ya go diintšhi di le masome a mararo le botlhano ntlha pedi). |disentimetara di le masome a robedi le pedi ntlha tlhano go ya go disentimetara di le masome a robabongwe le boraro ntlha tlhano (diintšhi di le masome a mararo le bobedi ntlha tlhano go ya go diintšhi di le masome a marataro le borataro ntlha robedi). | |- |Bokete jwa mmele |dikilogerama di le lekgolo le lesome le borobabobedi ntlha boraro le supa go ya go dikilogerama di le lekgolo le masome a mane le boraro ntlha tlhano le bobedi (diponto di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a marataro le bongwe ntlha lefela go ya go diponto di le makgolo a mararo le lesome le borataro ntlha bonè). Kwa Borwa jwa Africa dikilogerama di le lekgolo le lesome le borobongwe ntlha tlhano (diponto di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mararo le boraro). Kwa Bophirima jwa Africa dikilogerama di le lekgolo le lesome go ya go dikilogerama di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi (diponto di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane go ya go diponto di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a marataro. Kwa lefatsheng la India |dikilogerama di le lekgolo le masome a robedi le borataro ntlha tlhano le botlhano go ya go dikilogerama di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (diponto di le makgolo a manè le lesome le bongwe ntlha boraro go ya go diponto di le makgolo a manè le masome a robongwe le borataro). Kwa Borwa jwa Africa dikilogerama di le lekgolo le masome a supa le bonè ntlha robongwe (diponto di le makgolo a mararo le masome a robedi le borataro)'''.'''Kwa Bophirima jwa Africa dikilogerama di le lekgolo le masome a marataro go ya go dikilogerama di le lekgolo le masome a robongwe (diponto di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano go ya go diponto di le makgolo a manè le masome a mabedi).Kwa lefatsheng la India | |} ===== Moriri wa tau ===== [[Setshwantsho:Lion (Panthera leo) male 6y.jpg|thumb|Tau e tona ya dingwaga di le thataro kwa Lefelong la Diphologolo le e seng la puso la Phinda]] [[Setshwantsho:Lion au repos parc pendjari.jpg|thumb|Tau e tona e potlana kwa Lefelong la Bosetšhaba la Pendjari]] Moriri wa tlhogo a tau e tonanyana ke one a a tlhomologileng thata mo mofuteng o.<ref name=":0" /> Go ka direga gore a ne a simolola go tlhagelela mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mabedi (320,000) go ya go dingwaga di le dikete di le makgolo a lekgolo le masome a robongwe (190,000) tse di fetileng.<ref>Yamaguchi, N.; Cooper, A.; Werdelin, L.; MacDonald, D. W. (2004). "Evolution of the mane and group-living in the lion (Panthera leo): a review". Journal of Zoology. 263 (4): 329–342. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JZoo..263..329Y 2004JZoo..263..329Y]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0952836904005242|10.1017/S0952836904005242]].</ref> Mafofa ano a gola go ya kwa tlase le kwa morago, a khurumetsa bontsi jwa tlhogo, molala, magetla le sehuba. Gantsi a nna borokwa jo bo tswakilweng le boserolwana, boratšhe le mafofa a mantsho. Diphetogo mo dijining tsa microphthalmia-associated transcription factor le tyrosinase go ka direga gore ke tsone tse di bakang mmala wa moriri wa tlhogo.<ref>Tefera, M. (2003). "Phenotypic and reproductive characteristics of lions (Panthera leo) at Addis Ababa Zoo". Biodiversity & Conservation. 12 (8): 1629–1639. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003BiCon..12.1629T 2003BiCon..12.1629T.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1023/A:1023641629538|10.1023/A:1023641629538.]]</ref><ref>Barazandeh, M.; Kriti, D.; Fickel, J.; Nislow, C. (2024). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10871700 "The Addis Ababa Lions: Whole-genome sequencing of a rare and precious population".] Genome Biology and Evolution. 16 (2) evae021. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/gbe/evae021|10.1093/gbe/evae021]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10871700 10871700]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38302110 38302110].</ref> Mafofa a simolola go gola fa ditau di tsena mo dingwageng tsa bosha, fa selekanyo sa [[:en:Testosterone|masebola a a dirang gore motho e nne monna (testosterone)]] se oketsega, mme a fitlha bogolo jwa one jo bo feletseng fa tau e le dingwaga di ka nna nne (4).<ref>[[:en:Lion#Packer|Packer]], p. 148.</ref> Mogote o o tsididi wa mafelo a bonno mo dirapeng tsa diphologolo tsa Yuropa le Amerika Bokone o ka dira gore ditau di nne le mafofa a tlhogo a a bokete le a mantsi.<ref>Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Barnes, I.; Cooper, A. (2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20060824064412/http://abc.zoo.ox.ac.uk/Papers/consgen06_lion.pdf "Lost populations and preserving genetic diversity in the lion Panthera leo: Implications for its ex situ conservation]" (PDF). Conservation Genetics. 7 (4): 507–514. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ConG....7..507B 2006ConG....7..507B]. doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10592-005-9062-0|10.1007/s10592-005-9062-0.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24190889 24190889]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20060824064412/http://abc.zoo.ox.ac.uk/Papers/consgen06_lion.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 August 2006.</ref> Ka palogare, ditau tsa Asia di na le mafofa a tlhogo a a sa kitlanang thata go feta ditau tsa Aforika.<ref>Menon, V. (2003). A Field Guide to Indian Mammals. New Delhi, India: Dorling Kindersley India. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-14-302998-4|978-0-14-302998-4]].</ref> Go ka direga gore ponagalo eno e ne ya tlhagelela go bontsha [[:en:Fitness_(biology)|bokgoni]] jwa ditau tse ditona mo go namagadi. Ditau tse ditona tse di nang le maboa a tlhogo a mantsho thata di bonala di nna le katlego e kgolo ya go tsala, mme di na le kgonagalo e kgolo ya go nna mo setlhopheng sa ditau (''pride'') nako e telele. Di na le mafofa a a maleele le a a kitlaneng thata, gape di na le selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa ''testosterone'', mme ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe di amega thata ke kgatelelo ya mogote. <ref>Peyton, P. M.; Packer, C. (2002). "Sexual selection, temperature, and the lion's mane". Science. 297 (5585): 1339–1343. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Sci...297.1339W 2002Sci...297.1339W]. doi:[[doi:10.1126/science.1073257|10.1126/science.1073257.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12193785 12193785]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15893512 15893512].</ref><ref>[[:en:Lion#Packer|Packer]], pp. 137, 145.</ref> Mogote wa kwa teng ya mmele wa tau ga e bonale e oketsega go ya ka bong, paka ya ngwaga, nako ya go ja, boleele kgotsa mmala wa mafofa a tlhogo; ke thempheretšha ya kwa ntle ga mmele fela e e amegang.Go farologana le mefuta e mengwe ya dikatse, ditau tse di namagadi gantsi di tsalana le ditau tse ditona di le mmalwa ka nako e le nngwe.Kakanyo e nngwe e akanya gore mafofa a tlhogo gape a thusa go sireletsa molala fa go lowa, mme kgopolo eno ga e a dumalanwa ke botlhe.Mo dintweng, go akaretsa le tse di amang ditau tse di namagadi tse di se nang mafofa a tlhogo le ditau tse dinnye, molala ga o tlhaselwe thata jaaka sefatlhego, mokwatla le dikarolo tse di kwa morago tsa mmele. Ditau tse di gobetseng le tsone di simolola go latlhegelwa ke mafofa a tlhogo Mo e ka nnang ditau tsotlhe tse ditonanyana kwa Pendjari National Park ga di na moriri kgotsa di na le moriri o mokhutshwane thata.[74] Ditau tse di senang tlhogo le tsone di begilwe kwa Senegal, kwa Phakeng ya Bosetšhaba ya Dinder kwa Sudan le kwa Phakeng ya Bosetšhaba ya Tsavo Botlhaba, Kenya.[75] Ditau tse di kgaotsweng gantsi di na le tlhogo e nnye kgotsa ga di na tlhogo epe ka gonne go tlosiwa ga di-gonad go thibela go tlhagisiwa ga testosterone.[76] Ditau tse di namagadi ga di nne le ditlhogo ka sewelo.[77][78] Go oketsega ga testosterone e ka tswa e le selo se se bakang ditawana tse di nang le tlhogo tse di begilweng kwa bokone jwa Botswana.[79] t5p4w5vqpqu7xor4vfwbz3rw48i9wsk 0 12736 53883 53741 2026-08-03T18:10:26Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53883 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditlou tsa Aforika''' ke maloko a [[:en:Genus_(biology)|mofuta]] wa '''''Loxodonta''''' o o nang le [[:en:Species|mefuta]] e mebedi ya [[:en:Elephant|ditlou]] tse di tshelang, tlou ya [[:en:African_bush_elephant|sekgwa ya Aforika]] ( ''L. africana'' ) le [[:en:African_forest_elephant|tlou e nnye ya sekgwa sa Aforika]] ( ''L. cyclotis'' ) . Bobedi jo ke diphologolo tse di jang [[:en:Herbivore|ditlhatsana]] tse di nang le letlalo le le [[:en:Skin|bosetlha]] . Le fa go ntse jalo, di farologana ka bogolo le mmala wa [[:en:Tusk|lenaka]] ga mmogo le popego le bogolo jwa [[:en:Ear|ditsebe]] le [[:en:Skull|marapo a ditlhogo]] tsa tsone . Mefuta ka bobedi e mo kotsing ya go nyelela go ya ka [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|Lenaane le Lehibidu la IUCN;]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2021, tlou ya sekgwa e tsewa e le mo [[:en:Endangered_species|kotsing ya go nyelela]] fa tlou ya sekgwa yone e tsewa e le mo [[:en:Critically_endangered|kotsing e e masisi]]. Di tshosediwa ke go [[:en:Habitat_loss|latlhegelwa ke bonno]] le go kgaogana, mmogo le go [[:en:Poaching|tsomiwa]] ga [[:en:Ivory_trade|kgwebisano ya dinaka]] tsa tlou e e seng ka fa molaong mo dinageng di le mmalwa tsa mefutafuta. ''Loxodonta'' ke nngwe ya mefuta e mebedi e e santseng e le teng mo lelapeng la [[:en:Elephantidae|Elephantidae]]. Leina le le kaya leino le le thata le le bopegileng jaaka teemane ya meno a tsone a meno a akwa morago mo ganong. [[:en:Fossil|Masalela a masaledi]] a mefuta ya Loxodonta a fitlhetswe mo Aforika, go simolola ka nako ya bofelo ya motlha wa Miocene (go tloga ka dingwaga di ka nna didikadike di le supa go ya kwa boratarong tse di fetileng) go ya pele. == Thuto ya mafoko == Leina la ''Loxodonta'' le tswa mo mafokong a [[:en:Ancient_Greek|Segerika sa Bogologolo]] λοξός (''loxós'', "go sekamela", "go kgabaganya") le ὀδούς (odoús, "leino"), le le kayang enamele e e bopegileng jaaka teemane ([[:en:Lozenge_(shape)|lozenge]]) ya [[:en:Molar_teeth|meno a a ko morago mo ganong]], e e farologaneng thata le ya sebopego se se dikologang sa enamele ya [[:en:Asian_elephant|tlou ya Asia]].<ref>Cuvier, F. (1825). "[[iarchive:histoirenaturel6geof/page/n115|Éléphants d'Afrique]]". In Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, É.; Cuvier, F. (eds.). Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères, avec des figures originales, coloriées, dessinées d'après des animaux vivans. Vol. Tome 6. Paris: A. Belain. pp. 117–118.</ref> == Thulaganyo ya ditshedi le thutotlhagelelo == [[:en:Scientific_description|Tlhaloso ya ntlha ya saense]] ya tlou ya Aforika e kwadilwe ka ngwaga wa 1797 ke [[:en:Johann_Friedrich_Blumenbach|Johann Friedrich Blumenbach]], yo o neng a akantsha [[:en:Scientific_name|leina la saense]] la ''Elephas africanus''.<ref>Blumenbach, J. F. (1797). "[http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/view/blumenbach_naturgeschichte_1797?p=147 2. Africanus]". Handbuch der Naturgeschichte [Handbook of Natural History] (Fifth ed.). Göttingen: Johann Christian Dieterich. p. 125.</ref> [[wiktionary:Loxodonta|''Loxodonte'']] e ne ya akantshiwa jaaka leina la kakaretso la tlou ya Aforika ke [[:en:Frédéric_Cuvier|Frédéric Cuvier]] ka ngwaga wa 1825. Mokwadi yo o sa itsiweng o ne a dirisa mopeleto wa Selatine wa ''Loxodonta'' ka ngwaga wa 1827.<ref>Anonymous (1827). "[[iarchive:zoologicaljourna318271828sowe/page/140|Analytical Notices of Books. Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères, avec des Figures originale, dessinées d'après des Animaux vivans; &c. Par MM. Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, et F. Cuvier. Livraison 52 et 53".]] The Zoological Journal. 3 (9): 140–143.</ref> Mokwadi yo o ne a amogelwa jaaka molaodi ke [[:en:International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature|Molao wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Maina a Diphologolo]] ka ngwaga wa 1999.<ref>[[:en:Jeheskel_Shoshani|Shoshani, J.]] (2005). "[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=11500008 Genus Loxodonta]". In [[:en:Don_E._Wilson|Wilson, D.E.]]; Reeder, D.M (eds.). [http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA91 Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference] (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 91. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0|978-0-8018-8221-0.]] [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494 62265494].</ref> ''Elephas (Loxodonta'') cyclotis e ne ya tshitshinngwa ke [[:en:Paul_Matschie|Paul Matschie]] ka ngwaga wa 1900, yo o neng a tlhalosa [[:en:Zoological_specimen|dikao]] [[:en:Zoological_specimen|tsa diphologolo]] tse tharo tsa ditlou tsa Aforika go tswa kwa Cameroon tse [[:en:Skull|marapo a ditlhogo]] tsa tsone di neng di farologana ka popego le tsa ditlhogo tsa ditlou tse di kokoantsweng gongwe le gongwe mo Aforika.<ref>Matschie, P. (1900). [[iarchive:sitzungsberichte1900gese/page/194|"Geographische Abarten des Afrikanischen Elefanten"]]. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. 3: 189–197.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1936, [[:en:Glover_Morrill_Allen|Glover Morrill Allen]] o ne a tsaya tlou e e le mofuta o o farologaneng mme a e bitsa 'tlou ya sekgwa';<ref>Allen, G. M. (1936). "Zoological results of the George Vanderbilt African Expedition of 1934. Part II — The forest elephant of Africa". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 88: 15–44. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064188 4064188].</ref> bakwadi ba moragonyana ba ne ba e tsaya e le [[:en:Subspecies|mofutapotlana]].<ref name=":0">Laurson, B.; Bekoff, M. (1978). "[http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-092-01-0001.pdf Loxodonta africana]" (PDF). Mammalian Species (92): 1–8. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/3503889|10.2307/3503889]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3503889 3503889]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:253949585 253949585]. Retrieved 5 August 2010.</ref><ref>Estes, R. D. (1999). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=Xqp7poFviNcC&pg=PA223 Elephant ''Loxodonta africana'' Family Elephantidae, Order Proboscidea"]. ''The Safari Companion: A Guide to Watching African Mammals Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, and Primates'' (Revised and expanded&#x20;ed.). Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing Company. pp.&#x20;223–233. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/1-890132-44-6|<bdi>1-890132-44-6</bdi>.]]</ref>Ditshekatsheko tsa popego le tsa dijini fa e sa le di neelana ka bosupi jwa dipharologano tsa maemo a mefuta magareng ga tlou ya sekgwa ya Aforika le tlou ya sekgwa ya Aforika.<ref name=":2">Grubb, P.; Groves, C. P.; Dudley, J. P. & Shoshani, J. (2000). [[doi:10.22237/elephant/1521732169|"Living African elephants belong to two species: ''Loxodonta africana'' (Blumenbach, 1797) and ''Loxodonta cyclotis'' (Matschie, 1900)".]] ''Elephant''. '''2''' (4): 1–4. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.22237/elephant/1521732169|10.22237/elephant/1521732169.]]</ref><ref>Roca, A. L.; Georgiadis, N.; Pecon-Slattery, J. & O'Brien, S. J. (2001). "[https://zenodo.org/record/1230804 Genetic Evidence for Two Species of Elephant in Africa".] Science. 293 (5534): 1473–1477. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Sci...293.1473R :2001Sci...293.1473R]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1059936|10.1126/science.1059936]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11520983 11520983]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38285623 38285623].</ref><ref>Rohland, N.; Malaspinas, A.-S.; Pollack, J. L.; Slatkin, M.; Matheus, P. & Hofreiter, M. (2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1925134 "Proboscidean Mitogenomics: Chronology and Mode of Elephant Evolution Using Mastodon as Outgroup"]. PLOS Biology. 5 (8) e207. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050207|10.1371/journal.pbio.0050207]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1925134 1925134]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17676977 17676977].</ref><ref name=":3">Rohland, N.; Reich, D.; Mallick, S.; Meyer, M.; Green, R. E.; Georgiadis, N. J.; Roca, A. L. & Hofreiter, M. (2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3006346 "Genomic DNA sequences from mastodon and woolly mammoth reveal deep speciation of forest and savanna elephants"]. PLOS Biology. 8 (12) e1000564. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000564|10.1371/journal.pbio.1000564]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3006346 3006346]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21701575 21203580].</ref><ref>Murphy, W. J.; Ishida, Y.; Oleksyk, T. K.; Georgiadis, N. J.; David, V. A.; Zhao, K.; Stephens, R. M.; Kolokotronis, S.-O. & Roca, A. L. (2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110795 "Reconciling Apparent Conflicts between Mitochondrial and Nuclear Phylogenies in African Elephants"]. PLOS ONE. 6 (6) e20642. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PLoSO...620642I :2011PLoSO...620642I.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020642|10.1371/journal.pone.0020642]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110795 3110795]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21701575 21701575].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1907, Richard Lydekker o ne a akantshanya mefuta e merataro ya ditlou tsa Aforika go ikaegilwe ka bogolo le dipopego tse di farologaneng tsa ditsebe tsa tsone.<ref>Lydekker, R. (1907). [[iarchive:proceedingsofzoo19071446zool/page/380|"The Ears as a Race-Character in the African Elephant"]]. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (January to April): 380–403. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1907.tb01824.x|10.1111/j.1096-3642.1907.tb01824.x]].</ref> Tsotlhe di tsewa di [[:en:Synonym_(taxonomy)|tshwana]] le tlou ya sekgwa ya Aforika.[1] Mofuta wa boraro, tlou ya Afrika Bophirima, le one o tshitshintswe mme o tlhoka go tlhomamisiwa. Go akanngwa gore losika lono lo ntse lo kgaogantswe le ba bangwe dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi le makgolo a mane.<ref>Eggert, L.S.; Rasner, C.A. & Woodruff, D.S. (2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691127 "The evolution and phylogeography of the African elephant inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence and nuclear microsatellite markers"]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 269 (1504): 1993–2006. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2070|10.1098/rspb.2002.2070.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691127 1691127]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12396498 12396498].</ref> === Mefuta e e sa tlholeng e le teng le mefutapotlana === Magareng ga bofelo jwa lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabobedi le masome a mabedi a le mangwe la dingwaga, go ne ga tlhalosiwa ditlou tse di latelang tsa Afrika tse di sa tlholeng di le teng go ya ka [[:en:Fossil|masalela]] a dilo tse di epolotsweng: * [[:en:North_African_elephant|Tlou ya Bokone jwa Aforika]] († ''Loxodonta africana pharaohensis'' ) e e neng ya akantshiwa ke [[:en:Paulus_Edward_Pieris_Deraniyagala|Paulus Edward Pieris Deraniyagala]] ka ngwaga 1948 e ne e le sekao go tswa kwa [[:en:Fayum|Fayum]] kwa Egepeto.<ref>Deraniyagala, P. E. P. (1955). Some extinct elephants, their relatives, and the two living species. Colombo: Ceylon National Museums Publication.</ref> * † [[:en:Loxodonta_atlantica|''Loxodonta atlantica'']] e ne ya akantshiwa jaaka ''Elephas atlanticus'' ke [[:en:Auguste_Pomel|Auguste Pomel]] ka ngwaga wa 1879 go ikaegilwe ka [[:en:Skull|legata]] le marapo a a fitlhetsweng kwa [[:en:Tighennif|Ternifine]], kwa Algeria.<ref>Pomel, A. (1897). "[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k62754098/f48 Elephas atlanticus Pom.]". Les éléphants quaternaires. Paléontologie : monographies. Alger: P. Fontana & Co. pp. 42–59.</ref> * † [[:en:Loxodonta_exoptata|''Loxodonta exoptata'']] e e neng ya akantshiwa ke [[:de:Wilhelm Otto Dietrich|Wilhelm Otto Dietrich]] ka ngwaga wa 1941 e ne e ikaegile ka meno a a fitlhetsweng kwa [[:en:Laetoli|Laetoli]], kwa lefatsheng la [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]].<ref>Dietrich, W. O. (1941). "Die säugetierpaläontologischen Ergebnisse der Kohl-Larsen'schen Expedition 1937–1939 im nördlichen Deutsch-Ostafrika". ''Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie''. '''B''' (8): 217–223. </ref> * † [[:en:Loxodonta_adaurora|''Loxodonta'']] [[:en:Loxodonta_adaurora|''adaurora'']] e e neng ya akantshiwa ke Vincent Maglio ka ngwaga wa 1970 e ne e le [[:en:Skeleton|lerapo le le feletseng]] le le neng la fitlhelwa kwa [[:en:Kanapoi|Kanapoi]], kwa Kenya.<ref>Maglio, V. J. (1970). [[iarchive:breviora326350harv/page/n291|"Four new species of Elephantidae from the Plio-Pleistocene of northwestern Kenya]]". ''Breviora'' (341): 1–43.</ref> * † [[:en:Loxodonta_cookei|''Loxodonta cookei'']] e e tshitshintsweng ke [[:en:William_J._Sanders|William J. Sanders]] ka ngwaga wa 2007 go ikaegilwe ka meno a a fitlhetsweng kwa Sebopegong sa Varswater kwa Langebaanweg, Aforika Borwa <ref>Sanders, W. (2007). [https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/billsanders/wp-content/uploads/sites/382/2016/04/AP-SANDERS-REVISED.pdf "Taxonomic review of fossil Proboscidea (Mammalia) from Langebaanweg, South Africa"] (PDF). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 62 (1) (Online ed.): 1–16. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007TRSSA..62....1S :2007TRSSA..62....1S.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00359190709519192|10.1080/00359190709519192.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27499106 27499106].</ref> === Kamano ya ditshika le tlhabologo === Dikamano tsa ditlou tse di tshelang le tse di nyeletseng tse di ikaegileng ka DNA, morago ga Palkopoulou et al. ngwaga wa 2018.<ref name=":1">Palkopoulou, E.; Lipson, M.; Mallick, S.; Nielsen, S.; Rohland, N.; Baleka, S.; Karpinski, E.; Ivancevic, A. M.; Thu-Hien To; Kortschak, R. D.; Raison, J. M.; Zhipeng, Q.; Tat-Jun C.; Alt, K. W.; Claesson, S.; Dalén, L.; MacPhee, R. D. E.; Meller, H.; Roca, A. L.; Ryder, O. A.; Heiman, D.; Young, S.; Breen, M.; Williams, C.; Aken, B. L.; Ruffier, M.; Karlsson, E.; Johnson, J.; Di Palma, F.; Alfoldi, J.; Adelson, D. L.; Mailund, T.; Munch, K.; Lindblad-Toh, K.; Hofreiter, M.; Poinar, H.; Reich, D. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5856550 "A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants"]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (11): E2566–E2574. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115E2566P 2018PNAS..115E2566P.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1720554115|10.1073/pnas.1720554115]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5856550 5856550]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29483247 29483247].</ref> Mofuta wa bogologolo wa ''Loxodonta'' o o itsiweng ke ''[[:en:Loxodonta_cookei|Loxodonta cookei]]'', ka masalela a mofuta o o itsiweng go tswa mo dingwageng di ka nna didikadike di le supa go ya kwa botlhanong tse di fetileng, go tswa mo masaleleng a a fitlhetsweng kwa Chad, Kenya, Uganda, le Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":4">Sanders, W. J. (2023). Evolution and Fossil Record of African Proboscidea (First ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 154, 205–208. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1201/b20016|10.1201/b20016.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-315-11891-8|978-1-315-11891-8.]]</ref> Tshekatsheko ya [[:en:DNA_sequences|tatelano ya DNA]] ya nuclear e supa gore [[:en:Genetic_divergence|pharologano ya dijini]] magareng ga ditlou tsa sekgwa le tsa sekgwa tsa Aforika e simolotse dingwaga di tlgoa ka didikadike di le pedi tsotlhe le dikete di le makgolo a marataro go ya go didikadike di le tlhano tsotlhe le dikete di le makgolo a marataro. tse di fetileng. Tlou ya sekgwa sa Aforika e fitlhetswe e na le mefutafuta e e kwa godimo ka dikirii ya pharologano ya dijini, e e ka tswang e bontsha go kgaogana ga bonno jwa yona ka nako le nako ka nako ya diphetogo tsa [[:en:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]].<ref name=":3" /> [[:en:Gene_flow|Go elela ga dijini]] fa gare ga mefuta e mebedi ya ditlou tsa Aforika go ne ga sekasekwa mo mafelong a le masome a mabedi le bongwe. Tshekatsheko e senotse gore ditlou di le mmalwa tsa sekgwa tsa Aforika di ne di na le [[:en:Mitochondrial_DNA|DNA e e fitlhelwang mo dikarolong tsa mmele tse di ntshang maatla tsa mitochondria]] ya ditlou tsa sekgwa sa Aforika, se se supang gore di ne tsa kopanngwa go tswa mo mefuteng e mebedi e e farologang mo kgaolong ya phetogo ya lefelo la bojang jo bontsi-sekgwa mo dinakong tsa bogologolo.<ref>Roca, A. L.; Georgiadis, N. & [[:en:Stephen_J._O'Brien|O'Brien, S. J.]] (2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20131127012455/http://planet.uwc.ac.za/nisl/Biodiversity/pdf/Nature%20Genet%202005%20Roca%20et%20al%20elephant%20phylgeogr.pdf "Cytonuclear genomic dissociation in African elephant species]" (PDF). Nature Genetics. 37 (1): 96–100. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/ng1485|10.1038/ng1485.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15592471 15592471]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10029589 10029589]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20131127012455/http://planet.uwc.ac.za/nisl/Biodiversity/pdf/Nature%20Genet%202005%20Roca%20et%20al%20elephant%20phylgeogr.pdf the original] (PDF) on 27 November 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2019.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa go ne go na le go kopana ga ditshedi kwa lefelong la kgolagano magareng ga mefuta e mebedi, go lebega go nnile le kelelo e nnye ya dijini e e atlegileng magareng ga mefuta e mebedi fa e sale e kgaogana ga yone la ntlha.<ref name=":1" /> [[Setshwantsho:Palaeoloxodon phylogeny.svg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa phylogeny se se bontshang maemo a [[:en:Straight-tusked_elephant|tlou ya dinaka tse di tlhamaletseng]] (''Palaeoloxodon antiquus'') fa e bapisiwa le mefuta e mengwe ya ba lelapa la ditlou, se ikaegile ka diphatsa tsa nuklei , go ya ka Palkopoulou le ba bangwe (ngwaga wa 2018). Se gape se bontsha [[:en:Hybrid_(biology)|pharologanyo ya diphatsa]] e e diragetseng ka ntlha ya go [[:en:Introgression|tsalana]] ga mefuta e e farologaneng , fa [[:en:Gene_flow|diphatsa di fetisiwa]] go tswa mo ditloung tsa sekgwa go ya mo ''[[:en:Palaeoloxodon|Palaeoloxodon]]'']] DNA go tswa mo tlou ya karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe e [[:en:Straight-tusked_elephant|e nang le mana a a tlhamaletseng]] (''Palaeoloxodon antiquus'') e supa gore mofuta wa tlou o o sa tlholeng o le teng wa [[:en:Palaeoloxodon|''Palaeoloxodon'']] o amana thata le ditlou tsa Afrika go na le ditlou tsa Asia kgotsa ditlou tse dikgolo. Tshekatsheko ya jenome ya ''P. antiquus'' gape e bontsha gore ''Palaeloxodon'' e [[:en:Hybrid_(biology)|kopantswe thata]] le ditlou tsa sekgwa sa Aforika, mme se sa felela ka [[:en:Hybrid_(biology)|kelelo ya dijini tse di tsenelelang]] go tswa mo ditloung tsa Aforika go ya kwa ''Palaeoloxodon'', ka jenome ya mitochondrial le go feta karolo ya masomea mararo mo lekgolong ya genome ya nyutlea ya ''P. antiquus'' e e tswang mo ''L.cyclotis'' . Losika lo lo gaufi le dipalopalo tsa segompieno tsa Aforika bophirima go na le dipalopalo tsa Aforika bogare tsa ditlou tsa sekgwa.<ref name=":1" /> Tshekatsheko ya di-mitogenome tsa ''[[:en:Palaeoloxodon_huaihoensis|Palaeoloxodon tsa China]]'' e supa gore losika lono lwa ditlou tsa sekgwa lo ne lo abelanwa thata mo ''mefuteng ya Palaeoloxodon''.<ref>Lin, H.; Hu, J.; Baleka, S.; Yuan, J.; Chen, X.; Xiao, B.; Song, S.; Du, Z.; Lai, X.; Hofreiter, M.; Sheng, G. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10353889 "A genetic glimpse of the Chinese straight-tusked elephants"]. Biology Letters. 19 (7) 20230078. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1098/rsbl.2023.0078|10.1098/rsbl.2023.0078.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10353889 10353889]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37463654 37463654].</ref> == Tlhaloso == === Letlalo ,ditsebe le Selopo === [[Setshwantsho:Elephant skeleton.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa marapo a mmele wa tlou ya sekgwa ya Aforika]] [[Setshwantsho:Loxodonta africana-cyclotis skulls PZSL.png|thumb|Papiso ya ditlhogo tsa ditlou tsa sekgwa (ka fa molemeng) le tsa sekgwa (ka fa mojeng) fa di bonwa kwa pele. Ela tlhoko tlhogo e khutshwane le e e bulegileng ya ''L. cyclotis'', e e nang le phatla e e tshesane mo boemong jwa phatla e e tshesane.]] [[Setshwantsho:African Bush Elephant Skull.jpg|thumb|Legata la tlou e tona ya mo sekgweng ya Aforika le bontshiwa kwa [[:en:Museum_of_Osteology|Lefelong la Polokelo la Thuto ya Marapo]]]] Ditlou tsa Aforika di na le letlalo le le menaganeng le le bosetlha le le bokima jwa di milimetara di le masome a mararo (boleele jwa di inch di le nngwe ntlha pedi ) le le khurumeditsweng ke moriri o o sa tlhomamang, o o nang le ditlhale o o borokwa jo bo gateletseng go ya go bontshong. Moriri o mokhutshwane o o kgonang go amiwa o gola mo selopong , se se nang le dithulaganyo tse pedi tse di tshwanang le menwana kwa ntlheng, fa ditlou tsa Asia tsone di na le e le nngwe fela.<ref name=":0" /> Ditsebe tsa tsone tse dikgolo di thusa go fokotsa mogote wa mmele. Go di phaphatha go dira gore go nne le metsi a mowa mme go senola matlhakore a a kafa teng a ditsebe kwa ditshika tse dikgolo tsa madi di oketsang tatlhegelo ya mogote ka nako ya maemo a bosa a a mogote. Selopo sa tlou ke katoloso e e kgonang go [[:en:Prehensile|tshwara]] ya molomo wa yone o o kwa godimo le nko. Tokololo e, e e nang le kutlo e kgolo e laolwa thata ke tshika wa kutlo ya [[:en:Trigeminal_nerve|trigeminal]], mme go akanngwa gore e tsamaisiwa ke mesifa e e ka nnang dikete di le masome a mane go ya go dikete di le masome a marataro. Ka ntlha ya popego e ya mesifa, selopo sa tlou se nonofile thata mo e leng gore tlou e ka kgona go tsholetsa mo e ka nnang karolo ya boraro mo lekgolong ka bokete jwa mmele wa yone ka sone. Ditlou di dirisa selopo sa tsone go dupa, go ama, go ja, go nwa, go iphara ka lerole, go ntsha medumo, go rwala dilo, go itshireletsa le go tlhasela.<ref name=":5">Shoshani, J. (1978). [[doi:10.22237/elephant/1491234053|"General information on elephants with emphasis on tusks"]]. Elephant. 1 (2) elephant.eP1016: 20–31. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.22237/elephant/1491234053|10.22237/elephant/1491234053]].</ref> Ka dinako dingwe, ditlou di thuma ka fa tlase ga metsi mme di dirisa selopo sa tsone jaaka tšhupu ya go hema ([[:en:Snorkel_(swimming)|snorkel]])<ref>West, J.B. (2002). "[[doi:10.1152/nips.01374.2001|Why doesn't the elephant have a pleural space?".]] News in Physiological Sciences. 17 (2): 47–50. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1152/nips.01374.2001|10.1152/nips.01374.2001]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11909991 11909991]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27321751 27321751].</ref> == Dinaka le meno a a ko morago == Ditlou tse ditonanyana le tse di namagadi tsa Aforika ka bobedi di na le dinaka tse di golang go tswa mo [[:en:Deciduous_teeth|menong a a tlhotlhoregang]] a a bidiwang tushes, a a emisediwang ke meno fa dinamane di ka nna ngwaga o le mongwe. Dinaka di bopilwe ka [[:en:Dentin|dentin]], e e bopang dipopego tse dinnye tsa sebopego sa teemane mo gare ga mana a a nnang magolo mo matlhakoreng a lone.<ref name=":5" /> Dinaka di dirisiwa thata go epa medi le go apola lekwati la ditlhare go bona dijo, go lwa ka nako ya go nyala, le go iphemela kgatlhanong le dibatana tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe. Dinaka tse di bokete jo bo tswang mo dikilogram di le masome a mabedi le boraro go ya go masome a mane le botlhano (bokete jwa di ponto di le masome a matlhano le bongwe go ya masome a borobabongwe le bongwe) mme a ka nna boleele jwa di meter di le bongwe le sephatlho go ya kwa bobedi le ntlha nne (boleele jwa leoto bo le botlhano go ya kwa borobabobeding). Di bobegetse kwa pele mme di tswelela go gola mo botshelong jotlhe jwa tlou.<ref name=":6">Burnie, D. (2001). Animal. London: [[:en:Dorling_Kindersley|Dorling Kindersley]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Loxodonta africana - Molar of an adult.JPG|thumb|Leino le legolo la tlou ya sekgwa sa Aforika, le le bontshang di-mekoti e e naleng phefo mo marapong a sefatlhego tsa sebopego sa loxodont/lozenge/dithapo tsa boalo jwa bogodimo jwa leino]] [[Setshwantsho:Loxodonta molar diagram.svg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa boalogodimo jwa leino la tlou ya Aforika]] Popego ya meno (dental formula) ya tlou ke:1.0.3.3/0.0.3.3× 2 = 26 (Nngwe, lefela, boraro, boraro/ lefela, lefela, boraro , boraro, tsotlhe di menagantswe gabedi, a bo tsotlhe di lekana le meno a le masome a mabedi le marataro)<ref name=":5" />Tlou e na le meno a magolo a le mane. Leino lengwe le lengwe le bokete jwa dikilogerama di le tlhano ( ponto tse lesome le bongwe) mme le boleele jwa disentimetara di le masome a mararo (inch di le lesome le bobedi). Fa meno a a kwa pele a senyega mme a wa ka dikarolwana, a a kwa morago a sutela kwa pele, mme meno a matona a mabedi a masha a mela kwa morago ga molomo. Ditlou di fetola meno a yone gararo go ya go garataro mo botshelong jwa tsone. Fa e fitlha mo dingwageng di ka nna masome a mane go ya go masome a marataro, e latlhegelwa ke meno a yone a bofelo mme gantsi e swa ka ntlha ya tlala, e leng sengwe sa mabaka a a tlwaelesegileng a loso. Ditlou tsa Aforika di na le meno a le masome a mabedi le mane ka kakaretso, a le marataro mo karolong nngwe le nngwe ya lotlhaya. Dikarolo tsa boalo jo bo ha godimo mo menong a magolo di dinnye ka palo fa di bapisiwa le tsa ditlou tsa Asia.<ref>[[:en:Juliet_Clutton-Brock|Clutton-Brock, J.]] (1987). A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals. Cambridge University Press. p. 208. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-521-34697-5|0-521-34697-5]].</ref> Boalo jwa ya meno a magolo bo apara e bo bo nna le sebopego sa taemane (<>), e leng letshwao le le tlwaelesegileng mo ditloung tsotlhe tsa mofuta wa ''Loxodonta''.<ref name=":4" /> Le fa mefuta mengwe ya ''Loxodonta'' e e nyeletseng e ne e santse e na le meno a sa feleng a [[:en:Premolar|leino le le fa gare ga leino la go gagola le leino la go sila]], meno ao ga sa tlhole a le teng mo mefuteng e mebedi e e sa ntseng e tshela.<ref>Sanders, W. J. (2018). "Horizontal tooth displacement and premolar occurrence in elephants and other elephantiform proboscideans". Historical Biology. 30 (1–2): 137–156. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018HBio...30..137S 2018HBio...30..137S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1297436|10.1080/08912963.2017.1297436]].</ref> === Bogolo === Tlou ya naga ya Aforika ke yone phologolo e e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di [[:en:Terrestrial_animal|tshelang mo lefatsheng]]. Fa maemo a siame mme e ka gola ka botlalo, ditlou tse di godileng tsotlhe di nna boleele jwa dimetara di le pedi tsotlhe le disentimetara di le masome a mane le bosupa go ya go dimetara di le pedi tsotlhe le disentimetara di le masome a supa le boraro mo magetleng (boleele jwa leoto bo le borobaobedi le intšhi e le nngwe go ya go boleele jwa leoto bo le borobabobedi le diintšhi di le lesome le bongwe), mme di nna bokete jwa ditone di le pedi tsotlhe le dikarolo di le thataro go ya go ditone di le tharo tsotlhe le dikarolo di le botlhano (ditone tse ditelele tsotlhe di le pedi tsotlhe le dikarolo di le thataro go ya go ditone tse ditelele tsotlhe di le tharo tsotlhe le dikarolo di le nne; ditone tse dikhutshwane tsotlhe di le pedi tsotlhe le dikarolo di le robongwe go ya go ditone tse dikhutshwane tsotlhe di le tharo tsotlhe le dikarolo di le robongwe) fa dipoo tse di godileng tsotlhe di nna boleele jwa dimetara di le tharo tsotlhe le disentimetara di le nne go ya go dimetara di le tharo tsotlhe le disentimetara di le masome a mararo le borataro (boleele jwa leoto bo le lesome tsotlhe go ya go difaete di le lesome le bongwe), mme ka palogare di nna bokete jwa ditone di le tlhano tsotlhe le dikarolo di le pedi go ya go ditone di le thataro tsotlhe le dikarolo di le robongwe (ditone tse ditelele tsotlhe di le tlhano tsotlhe le karolo e le nngwe go ya go ditone tse ditelele tsotlhe di le thataro tsotlhe le dikarolo di le robedi; ditone tse dikhutshwane tsotlhe di le tlhano tsotlhe le dikarolo di le supa go ya go ditone tse dikhutshwane tsotlhe di le supa tsotlhe le dikarolo di le thataro).Poo e kgolo go tsotlhe e e kileng ya rekotiwa e ne e le boleele jwa dimetara di le tharo tsotlhe le disentimetara di le masome a robongwe le borataro mo magetleng (boleele jwa leoto bo le lesome le boraro), mme go akanngwa gore e ne e le bokete jwa ditone di le lesome tsotlhe le dikarolo di le nne (ditone tse ditelele tsotlhe di le lesome tsotlhe le dikarolo di le pedi; ditone tse dikhutshwane tsotlhe di le lesome le nngwe tsotlhe le dikarolo di le botlhano).<ref>Larramendi, A. (2016). [[doi:10.4202/app.00136.2014|"Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans"]]. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (3): 537–574. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AcPaP..61..537L 2016AcPaP..61..537L]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4202/app.00136.2014|10.4202/app.00136.2014]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2092950 2092950].</ref>Mokwatla wa yone o kobegile go ya teng gare, fa mokwatla wa tlou ya sekgwa ya Aforika o batla o tlhamaletse.<ref name=":2" />Tlou ya sekgwa ya Aforika e nnye thata fa e bapisiwa le ya naga. Fa maemo a siame mme e gola ka botlalo, dipoo tsa tlou ya sekgwa di akanngwa gore ka palogare di nna boleele jwa dimetara di le pedi tsotlhe le disentimetara di le robongwe go ya go dimetara di le pedi tsotlhe le disentimetara di le masome a mararo le bongwe (boleele jwa leoto bo le thataro tsotlhe le diintšhi di le robongwe go ya go boleele jwa leoto bo le supa tsotlhe le diintšhi di le thataro), mme di nna bokete jwa ditone tsotlhe di le nngwe tsotlhe le dikarolo di le supa go ya go ditone tsotlhe di le pedi tsotlhe le dikarolo di le tharo (ditone tse ditelele tsotlhe di le nngwe tsotlhe le dikarolo di le supa go ya go ditone tse ditelele tsotlhe di le pedi tsotlhe le dikarolo di le tharo; ditone tse dikhutshwane tsotlhe di le nngwe tsotlhe le dikarolo di le robongwe go ya go ditone tse dikhutshwane tsotlhe di le pedi tsotlhe le dikarolo di le botlhano) == Phatlalatso le bonno == [[Setshwantsho:African elephants, World, 2015 (cropped).svg|thumb|Ditlou tsa Aforika]] Ditlou tsa Aforika di anamisitswe kwa [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|Afrika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara]], kwa di nnang mo dikgaolong tsa [[:en:Scrubland|ditlhatshana]] tsa [[:en:Sahel|Sahelian]] le tse di [[:en:Arid|omileng]], [[:en:Tropical_rainforest|dikgwa tsa pula tsa boboatsatsi]], [[:en:Woodland|dikgwa]] tsa [[:en:Mopane|mopane]] le tsa [[:en:Miombo|miombo]]. Ditlou tsa sekgwa sa Aforika di bonwa fela mo Aforika Bogare le Bophirima.<ref name=":14">Blanc, J. J.; Thouless, C. R.; Hart, J. A.; Dublin, H. T.; Douglas-Hamilton, I.; Craig, G. C.; Barnes, R. F. W. (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Z418bsp0fQoC African Elephant Status Report 2002: An update from the African Elephant Database]. Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 29. Gland and Cambridge: IUCN. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0707-5|978-2-8317-0707-5.]]</ref> == Boitshwaro le tikologo == === Lelwapa === [[Setshwantsho:Serengeti Elefantenherde2.jpg|thumb|Ditlou tse di namagadi tsa sekgwa kwa Tanzania]] [[Setshwantsho:Bee-Threat-Elicits-Alarm-Call-in-African-Elephants-pone.0010346.s004.ogv|thumb|Lelapa le tsibogela modumo wa tlhagiso ya dinotshe]] Mefuta ka bobedi ya ditlou tsa Aforika e nna mo ditlhopa tsa malapa tse di nang le dikgomo di le mmalwa tse di godileng, barwadi ba tsone le barwa ba tsona ba ba sa ntseng ba gola. Setlhopa se ngwe le sengwe sa lelapa se eteletswe pele ke kgomo e e godileng e e bidiwang [[:en:Matriarch|matriarch]].<ref name=":7">Douglas-Hamilton, I. (1973). "On the ecology and behaviour of the Lake Manyara elephants". African Journal of Ecology. 11 (3–4): 401–403. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973AfJEc..11..401D 1973AfJEc..11..401D.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1973.tb00101.x|10.1111/j.1365-2028.1973.tb00101.x.]]</ref> <ref name=":8">Turkalo, A.; Barnes, R. (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=B_07noCPc4kC&pg=PA195 "Loxodonta cyclotis Forest Elephant"]. In Kingdon, J.; Happold, D.; Hoffmann, M.; Butynski, T.; Happold, M.; Kalina, J. (eds.). The Mammals of Africa. Vol. I. Introductory Chapters and Afrotheria. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 195–200. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-8996-2|978-1-4081-8996-2.]]</ref>Ditlhopha tsa ditlou tsa sekgwa sa Aforika ga di kopane thata jaaka ditlhopha tsa ditlou tsa sekgwa tsa Aforika, gongwe ka ntlha ya go tlhoka dibatana tsa tlholego tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe.<ref name=":8" /> Fa ditlhopa tsa malapa tse di kgaoganeng di golagana, di bopa ditlhopha tsa losika kgotsa tsa kgolagano. Morago ga [[:en:Puberty|go gola]], ditlou tse ditonanyana di na le go dira dikgolagano tse di gaufi le tse dingwe tse ditonanyana. Le fa ditlou tse di namagadi e le tsone tse di matlhagatlhaga thata mo ditlhopheng tsa ditlou tsa Aforika, ditlou tse ditonanyana le tse di namagadi di kgona go farologanya makgolokgolo a dipitso tse di farologaneng tsa [[:en:Infrasonic|infrasonic]] tsa makhubu a a kwa tlase go buisana le go tlhaolana.<ref>McComb, K.; Moss, C.; Sayialel, S.; Baker, L. (2000). "Unusually extensive networks of vocal recognition in African elephants". Animal Behaviour. 59 (6): 1103–1109. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AnBeh..59.1103M 2000AnBeh..59.1103M]. [[:en:CiteSeerX_(identifier)|CiteSeerX]] [https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.332.7064 10.1.1.332.7064]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1006/anbe.2000.1406|10.1006/anbe.2000.1406]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10877888 10877888]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17628123 17628123].</ref><ref>McComb, K.; Moss, C.; Durant, S. M.; Baker, L.; Sayialel, S. (2001). "Matriarchs As Repositories of Social Knowledge in African Elephants". Science. 292 (5516): 491–494. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Sci...292..491M 2001Sci...292..491M.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1057895|10.1126/science.1057895.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11313492 11313492]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17594461 17594461].</ref> Ditlou di dirisa [[:en:Infrasound#Animal_reactions_to_infrasound|mantswe mangwe]] a a fetang bokgoni jwa go utlwa jwa batho,<ref>Herbst, C. T.; Stoeger, A. S.; Frey, R.; Lohscheller, J.; Titze, I.; Gumpenberger, M.; Fitch, W. T. (2012). "How Low Can You Go? Physical Production Mechanism of Elephant Infrasonic Vocalizations". Science. 337 (6094): 595–599. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Sci...337..595H 2012Sci...337..595H.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1219712|10.1126/science.1219712.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22859490 22859490]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32792564 32792564].</ref> go buisana go kgabaganya dikgala tse dikgolo. Dingwao tsa go nyalana tsa ditlou di akaretsa go loganya dikutu ka bonolo.<ref>Buss, I.; Smith, N. (1966). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072553/http://faculty.rio.edu/dalthoff/Courses/MA/TP-Buss%20and%20Smith-Elephant%20Repo%20Breeding%20Behavior-1966-JWM.pdfhttps://web.archive.org/web/20150518072553/http://faculty.rio.edu/dalthoff/Courses/MA/TP-Buss%20and%20Smith-Elephant%20Repo%20Breeding%20Behavior-1966-JWM.pdf Observations on Reproduction and Breeding Behavior of the African Elephant] (PDF). Allen Press. Archived from [http://faculty.rio.edu/dalthoff/Courses/MA/TP-Buss%20and%20Smith-Elephant%20Repo%20Breeding%20Behavior-1966-JWM.pdf the original] (PDF) on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2013.</ref> Dipoo di ne di dumelwa fa e le diphologolo tse di nnang di le tsosi, di ikemela ka nosi fa di setse di godile. Dipatlisiso tse dišwa di tlhagisa gore dipoo di boloka kitso ya tikologo ya motlhape, go tlhofofatsa go tshela fa di batla dijo le metsi, se gape se solegelang dipoo tse dinnye tse di amanang le tsona molemo. Dipoo di boela fela mo motlhapeng go ya go tsala kgotsa go itsalanya; ga di neele bana ba tsona tlhokomelo ya botsadi kgotsa go ba godisa, mme go na le moo di tshameka karolo ya borre ka kakaretso mo dipoong tse dinnye go supa taolo.<ref>Briggs, H. (2020). "[https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-54018133 Secrets of male elephant society revealed in the wild"]. BBC News. Retrieved 7 September 2020.</ref> === Boitshwaro jwa kgaolo le tiriso ya sebaka === Ditlou tsa Aforika ga di nne le kgaolo fela mme di bontsha mefuta e e farologaneng ya mekgwa ya tiriso ya sebaka tse di tlhotlhelediwang ke popego ya loago, pharologano ya dipaka le seemo sa bosa, le go nna teng ga didirisiwa.<ref name=":9">Wittemyer, G.; Getz, W. M.; Vollrath, F.; Douglas-Hamilton, I. (2007). "Social dominance, seasonal movements, and spatial segregation in African elephants: a contribution to conservation behavior". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 61 (12): 1919–1931. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s00265-007-0432-0|10.1007/s00265-007-0432-0.]]</ref> Metlhape gantsi e nna mo [[:en:Home_range|mefuteng ya magae]] e e farologaneng go tswa go makgolo a le mmalwa go ya go dikete di le mmalwa tsa khutlonne ya dikilometara go ikaegile ka go nna teng ga didirisiwa le maemo a bonno; metlhape e latela ditsela tsa go fuduga le mekgwa ya motsamao e e golaganyang mafelo a a sireleditsweng le mafelo a mangwe a a tshwanetseng a a nang le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go tshegetseng kgolagano ya baagi le phitlhelelo ya metswedi e e botlhokwa jaaka dimela le metsi.<ref>Douglas-Hamilton, I.; Krink, T.; Vollrath, F. (2005). "Movements and corridors of African elephants in relation to protected areas". Naturwissenschaften. 92 (4): 158–163. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s00114-004-0606-9|10.1007/s00114-004-0606-9.]]</ref> Dintlha tse dingwe jaaka taolo ya loago le dintlha tsa tikologo jaaka pula le ntshodikuno ya dimela le tsona di tlhotlheletsa kgaogano ya sebaka mo ditlhopheng mo teng ga kgaolo e le nngwe.<ref name=":9" /> ==== Go nna bogale, go lwa le go laola ==== Ditlou tsa Aforika di bontsha mekgwa e e raraaneng ya go nna bogale e e tsamayang le go nna le taolo, segolobogolo mo teng ga tse ditonanyana tse di godileng. Musth ke lereo le le kayang seemo sa mmele fa ditlou tse ditonanyana tsa Aforika di bontshang go tlhatloga go gogolo ga hormone ya bonna, tiro e e oketsegileng ya thobalano, le go nna bogale go go oketsegileng mme le lemogwa ka nako ya kgaisano ya banna le banna.<ref name=":10">Poole, J.H. (1989). "Announcing intent: the aggressive state of musth in African elephants". Animal Behaviour. 37: 140–152. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/0003-3472(89)90014-6|10.1016/0003-3472(89)90014-6.]]</ref> Mo pakeng e tlou e tona ya Aforika e dirang musth, di bontsha maitsholo a a tlwaelegileng a a akaretsang go ntsha kgeleswa ya nakwana, go elela ga moroto, le dipopego tse di rileng tse di tlhalosang seemo sa tsona mo bathong ba bangwe.<ref name=":10" /> Ka go dira maitsholo a, ditlou tse ditonanyana tsa Aforika di fokotsa tlhokego ya go thulana ka mmele ka go tlhaeletsana ka maemo a bolaodi. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo mabakeng a mofuta ono wa puisano o palelwang, dikopano tse di bogale tse di akaretsang go tlhotlhora le go kgarametsa di ka diragala fa go gaisana ka dinamagadi tse di amogelang.<ref name=":10" /> Tatelano ya taolo mo teng ga motlhape wa ditlou e tlhotlhelediwa thata e bile e ikaegile ka dingwaga, bogolo, le maemo a musth mme tse ditonanyana tse di godileng ka tlwaelo di feta tse dinnye kgotsa tse e seng tsa musth.<ref name=":10" /> === Go jesa tikologo le dijo === Ditlou tsa Aforika ke dijo tsa ditlhatshana ka kakaretso mme di ja mefuta e e farologaneng ya matlhare, bojang, makwati, le maungo, fela dimela tsa logong ka dipaka tsa komelelo.<ref>Rode, K.D.; Chiyo, P.I.; Chapman, C.A.; McDowell, L.R. (2006). "Nutritional ecology of elephants in Kibale National Park, Uganda, and its relationship with crop-raiding behaviour". Journal of Tropical Ecology. 22 (4): 441–449. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0266467406003233|10.1017/S0266467406003233.]]</ref> Fa di ntse di ja, di kgetla matlhare le go gagola dikala di dirisa meno, se se ka bakang tshenyo e kgolo mo matlhareng.<ref name=":6" /> [[:en:Fermentation|Go bedisa ga dijo]] go diragala mo [[:en:Hindgut|maleng a a kwa morago]], go kgontsha go ja dijo tse dintsi.<ref>Clauss, M.; Frey, R.; Kiefer, B.; Lechner-Doll, M.; Loehlein, W.; Polster, C.; Roessner, G. E.; Streich, W. J. (2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190608152406/https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/2393/2/Oecologia_body_size_2003V.pdf "The maximum attainable body size of herbivorous mammals: morphophysiological constraints on foregut, and adaptations of hindgut fermenters]" (PDF). [[:en:Oecologia|Oecologia]]. 136 (1): 14–27. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Oecol.136...14C 2003Oecol.136...14C]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1254-z|10.1007/s00442-003-1254-z.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12712314 12712314]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206989975 206989975]. Archived from [http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/2393/2/Oecologia_body_size_2003V.pdf the original] (PDF) on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.</ref> Bogolo jo bogolo le mala a a kwa morago a tlou ya Aforika gape di letla tshilo ya dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa semela, go akaretsa dikutu tse di nang le ditlhale, lekwati le medi.<ref>Owen-Smith, N.; Chafota, J. (2012). [[doi:10.1644/11-MAMM-A-350.1|"Selective feeding by a megaherbivore, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)"]]. Journal of Mammalogy. 93 (3): 698–705. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1644/11-MAMM-A-350.1|10.1644/11-MAMM-A-350.1]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83726553 83726553].</ref> Ditlou tsa Aforika di thusa mo go meleng ga dipeo ka ntlha ya mala a tsone a magolo; ka di kgona go akaretsa lefelo le legolo mo letsatsing le le lengwe, di anamisa dipeo go tswa mo ditlhareng tse di farologaneng ka bonako. Ditlou di fula mo ditlhareng mme di ja dipeo tse di tswang mo go tsone, mme morago ga moo, fa peo e feta [[:en:Gastrointestinal_tract|mo tseleng ya mala]] mme morago ga moo e bo e tswa, dipeo di a nontshiwa mme di siametse go gola. Go mela ka ditlou go thibela kgaisano ya dimela mme go tlosa tlhokego ya gore dipeo dingwe di fokelwe ke phefo go gola, kgotsa thulaganyo ya go mela ka go sa rulaganngwa. Mefutafuta ya dimela le ditlhare tse di ka golang ka thulaganyo e le yona e a oketsega ka gonne dithotobolo tsa boloko di ka nna le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhare e e fetang 10, mme dingwe di na le metlhala ya ditlhare di le 50 le kwa godimo.<ref>Campos-Arceiz, A. & Blake, S. (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160427025644/http://www.santuariodeelefantes.org.br/docs/Campos_Arceiz_2011_Elephant_seed_dispersal.pdf "Megagardeners of the forest – the role of elephants in seed dispersal"] (PDF). Acta Oecologica. 37 (6): 542–553. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AcO....37..542C 2011AcO....37..542C.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.014|10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.014]]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20160427025644/http://www.santuariodeelefantes.org.br/docs/Campos_Arceiz_2011_Elephant_seed_dispersal.pdf the original] (PDF) on 27 April 2016.</ref><ref>Poulsen, J. R.; Beirne, C.; Rundel, C.; Baldino, M.; Kim, S.; Knorr, J.; Minich, T.; Jin, Lingrong; Núñez, C. L.; Xiao, S.; Mbamy, W.; Obiang, G. N.; Masseloux, J.; Nkoghe, T. & Ebanega, M. O. (2021). "[[doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.789264|Long distance seed dispersal by forest eephants"]]. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9 789264. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021FrEEv...989264P 2021FrEEv...989264P]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]][[doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.789264|:10.3389/fevo.2021.789264]].</ref> === Botlhale === ''Bona gape : [[:en:Elephant_cognition|Tlhaloganyo ya tlou]]'' [[Setshwantsho:Elephant scratching on a tree.jpg|thumb|Go ingwaa mo setlhareng go thusa go tlosa boalo jwa letlalo le le suleng le dinwa madi]] Ditlou tsa Aforika di botlhale thata.<ref>Plotnik, J. M.; De Waal, F. B.; Reiss, D. (2006). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636577 "Self-recognition in an Asian elephant".] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (45): 17053–17057. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PNAS..10317053P 2006PNAS..10317053P.] doi:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0608062103|10.1073/pnas.0608062103]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636577 1636577]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17075063 17075063].</ref> Di na le [[:en:Neocortex|neocortex]] e kgolo thata e e sothegileng thata, e leng selo se di nang le sone le [[:en:Humans|batho]] le [[:en:Apes|dikgabo]] tse dingwe, mmogo le mefuta mengwe ya di [[:en:Dolphin|dolphin]]. Di gareng ga mefuta e e botlhale thata mo lefatsheng. Ka bokete jo bo fetang fela kilgograme tse tlhano (ponto ye lesome le bongwe, [[:en:Elephant_cognition#Structure_of_the_brain|boboko jwa tlou]] bo bogolo go feta jwa phologolo epe e nngwe e e nnang mo lefatsheng. Boboko jwa tlou bo tshwana le [[:en:Human_brain|boboko jwa motho]] ka popego le go raraana ga tsone; [[:en:Cerebral_cortex|legogo]] la tlou le na le [[:en:Neurons|ditshika]] tse dintsi jaaka tsa boboko jwa motho,[<ref>Roth, G.; Stamenov, M. I.; Gallese, V. (2003). "Is the human brain unique?". Mirror Neurons and the Evolution of Brain and Language. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 63–76. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/0470867221.ch2|10.1002/0470867221.ch2.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-470-84960-6|978-0-470-84960-6.]]</ref> se se akantshang gore go nnile le [[:en:Convergent_evolution|thutotlhagelelo e e kopaneng]].<ref>Goodman, M.; Sterner, K.; Islam, M.; Uddin, M.; Sherwood, C.; Hof, P.; Hou, Z.; Lipovich, L.; Jia, H.; Grossman, L.; Wildman, D. (2009). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2791620 Phylogenomic analyses reveal convergent patterns of adaptive evolution in elephant and human ancestries]". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (49): 20824–20829. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..10620824G 2009PNAS..10620824G.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0911239106|10.1073/pnas.0911239106.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2791620 2791620]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19926857 19926857].</ref> Ditlou di bontsha maitsholo a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le a a amanang le [[:en:Grief|khutsafalo]], [[:en:Learning|go ithuta]], [[:en:Mimicry|go etsisa]], [[:en:Art|botaki]], [[:en:Play_(activity)|motshameko]], go [[:en:Humor|tshegisa]], [[:en:Altruism|go sa ipone tsapa]], [[:en:Tools|tiriso ya didirisiwa]], [[:en:Compassion|kutlwelobotlhoko]], [[:en:Cooperation|tirisanommogo]],<ref name=":11">Plotnik, J. M.; Lair, R.; Suphachoksahakun, W.; De Waal, F. B. M. (2011). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3064331 Elephants know when they need assistance in a cooperative task".] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (12): 5116–5121. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1101765108|10.1073/pnas.1101765108.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3064331 3064331]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21383191 21383191].</ref> [[:en:Self-awareness|go itemoga]], [[:en:Memory|go gakologelwa]] le [[:en:Language|gongwe le puo.]]<ref>Parsell, D. L. (2003). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20071012170607/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0221_030221_elephantvocal1.html In Africa, Decoding the 'Language' of Elephants"]. [[:en:National_Geographic_Magazine|National Geographic Magazine]] News. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0221_030221_elephantvocal1.html the original] on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2007.</ref> Maitsholo a otlhe a supa mofuta o o botlhale thata o go akanngwang gore o lekana le [[:en:Cetaceans|di-cetacean]]<ref>Viegas, J. (2011). "[http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2011/03/08/3158077.htm Elephants smart as chimps, dolphins]". ABC Science. Retrieved 8 March 2011.</ref><ref name=":12">Viegas, J. (2011). [http://news.discovery.com/animals/elephants-intelligence-test-110307.html "Elephants Outwit Humans During Intelligence Test]". Discovery News. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110308093715/http://news.discovery.com/animals/elephants-intelligence-test-110307.html Archived] from the original on 8 March 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.</ref> le diphologolo tse di tshelang.<ref name=":12" /> Go raraana ga tlhaloganyo ga tlou ya Aforika go akaretsa maitsholo a a supang kutlwelobotlhoko, go rarabolola mathata, le maitsholo a setlhopha a a dirisanang mmogo. Diponagalo tseno di gatelela go kopana ga botlhale jwa thutotlhagelelo mo mefuteng yotlhe, go go tshwanang le go go bonwang mo diphologolong tse di tshelang le mo ditshedi tsa lewatle tsa cetaceans.<ref name=":11" /> === Go tsala === [[Setshwantsho:Bull elephants small.jpg|thumb|Ditlou tsa dipoo tse di bogale]] [[Setshwantsho:Elephant (Loxodonta africana) mating ritual composite.jpg|thumb|Moetlo wa go nyalana]] Ditlou tsa Aforika di kgona go [[:en:Fertility|tsala thata]] fa di le dingwaga di le masome a mabedi a le botlhano le masome a mane le botlhano. Dinamane ka tlwaelo di tsalwa morago ga paka ya [[:en:Gestation|boimana]] ya dikgwedi di le masome a mabedi le bobedi.<ref>Macdonald, D. (2001). The New Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford: [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]].</ref> Dinamane di tlhokomelwa ke mmaatsona le dinamane tse dingwe tse dinnye mo setlhopheng, se se itsegeng jaaka [[:en:Allomothering|allomothering]].<ref name=":7" /> Ditlou tse di namagadi tsa Aforika di kgona go simolola go tsala di le dingwaga di ka nna lesome go ya ko lesomeng le bobedi.<ref>Benedict, F. G. (1936). "The physiology of the elephant". ''Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. No. 474''. '''1'''.</ref> Morago ga go gola ka tlhakanelodikobo, banna ba simolola go itemogela [[:en:Musth|musth]], boemo jwa mmele le jwa maitsholo jo bo tlhaolwang ke testosterone e e kwa godimo, go nna bogale le tiro e ntsi ya thobalano.<ref name=":15">Hollister-Smith, J. A.; Poole, J. H.; Archie, E. A.; Vance, E. A.; Georgiadis, N. J.; [[:en:Cynthia_Moss|Moss, C. J]].; Alberts, S. C. (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150518085653/http://sites.biology.duke.edu/albertslab/pdfs/Hollister-Smith%26al_2007.pdf "Age, musth, and paternity success in wild male African elephants, Loxodonta africana"] (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 74 (2): 287–296. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AnBeh..74..287H 2007AnBeh..74..287H]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.12.008|10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.12.008.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54327948 54327948]. Archived from [http://sites.biology.duke.edu/albertslab/pdfs/Hollister-Smith%26al_2007.pdf the original] (PDF) on 18 May 2015.</ref><ref name=":16">[[:en:Raman_Sukumar|Sukumar, R.]] (2003). "Sexual selection and mate choice". The Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation. Oxford, USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 112–124. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-19-510778-0|0-19-510778-0.]]</ref> Musth gape o dira tiro ya go bitsa tlhokomelo go tse di namagadi gore ke tsa boleng jo bo siameng, mme ga e ka ke ya etsisiwa jaaka dipitso tse di rileng kgotsa medumo e ka nna. Ditona di tsala bana ba le mmalwa ka dipaka tse di se mo musth. Ka nako ya fa estrus e le fa gare, ditlou tse di namagadi di batla tse ditonanyana tse di mo musth go di disa. Dinamagadi di tla goa, ka tsela e e kwa godimo, e e kwa tlase go gogela tse ditonanyana go tswa kwa kgakala. Ditlou tse ditonanyana gape di kgona go dupelela monko wa dihoromone tsa e namagadi e e siametseng go tsala. Se se dira gore tse ditonanyana di gaisane go nyalana, se se felelang ka gore tse di namagadi di nyalane le tse ditonanyana tse di godileng, tse di itekanetseng.<ref name=":13">Poole, J. H. (1989). "Mate guarding, reproductive success and female choice in African elephants". Animal Behaviour. 37: 842–849. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989AnBeh..37..842P 1989AnBeh..37..842P.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/0003-3472(89)90068-7|10.1016/0003-3472(89)90068-7]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53150105 53150105].</ref> Dinamagadi di tlhopha go fitlha kwa ntlheng e e rileng gore di nyalana le mang, ka gonne ke tsone tse di lekang go dira gore tse ditonanyana di gaisane go di disa. Le fa go ntse jalo, tse di namagadi ga di disiwe mo dikgatong tsa ntlha le tsa morago tsa estrus, tse di ka letlang go nyalana ke tse ditonanyana tse dinnye e seng mo musth.<ref name=":13" /> Ditona tse di fetang dingwaga di le masome a matlhano di gaisana thata le tse di namagadi mo estrus, mme di atlega thata fa di le dikgolo le go nna bogale thata.<ref name=":16" /> Ditonyana tse dikgolo di na le go tsala bana ba batona.<ref>Lee, P. C.; Moss, C. J. (1986). "Early maternal investment in male and female African elephant calves". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 18 (5): 353–361. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986BEcoS..18..353L 1986BEcoS..18..353L]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/bf00299666|10.1007/bf00299666]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10901693 10901693].</ref> Ditona tse di tlhaga di simolola go tsala mo dingwageng tsa tsone tsa masome a mararo fa di le mo bogolong le bokete jo bo gaisanang le tse ditonanyana tse dingwe tse di godileng. Katlego ya tsalo ya banna e kwa godimo mo bogareng jwa bogolo mme morago ga moo e simolole go fokotsega. Le fa go ntse jalo, se se ka ikaega ka maemo a monna mo setlhopheng sa bona, ka ge banna ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba tshegetsa seelo se se kwa godimo sa tsalo.<ref>Loizi, H.; Goodwin, T. E.; Rasmussen, L. E. L.; Whitehouse, A. M.; Schulte, B. A. (2009). "Sexual dimorphism in the performance of chemosensory investigatory behaviours by African elephants (Loxodonta africana)". Behaviour. 146 (3): 373–392. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1163/156853909X410964|10.1163/156853909X410964]].</ref> Bontsi jwa go nyalana go go lemogilweng ke ga banna mo musth ba ba fetang dingwaga di le 35. Ditebelelo tse ditelele di le masome a mabedi le bobedi di bontshitse gore dingwaga le musth ke dintlha tse di botlhokwa thata; "... banna ba ba godileng ba ne ba na le katlego e e kwa godimo ya go nna rre fa ba bapisiwa le banna ba bannye, se se akantshang kgonagalo ya go tlhophiwa ga thobalano go tshela lobaka lo loleele mo mofuteng o."<ref name=":15" />: (tsebe ya makgolo a mabedi le masome a borobabobedi le bosupa) == Matshosetsi == [[Setshwantsho:Number of African elephants.svg|thumb|Palo ya Ditlou tsa Aforika]] Mefuta ka bobedi e tshosediwa ke go [[:en:Habitat_loss|latlhegelwa ke bonno]] le go kgaogana. Go tsoma kgwebisano e e seng ka fa molaong ya [[:en:Ivory_trade|dinaka tsa tlou]] ke matshosetsi mo dinageng di le mmalwa tse di farologaneng gape. Tlou ya sekgwa ya Aforika e kwadilwe jaaka e e mo [[:en:Endangered_species|kotsing ya go nyelela]] mme tlou ya sekgwa sa Aforika e kwadilwe jaaka e e mo [[:en:Critically_Endangered|kotsing e e masisi]] mo [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|Manaaneng a Mahibidu a IUCN]] a a farologaneng.<ref>Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Balfour, D.; Wittemyer, G.; Maisels, F.; Taylor, R.D. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/181008073/223031019 ''"Loxodonta africana"'']. [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]. 2022 e.T181008073A223031019. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T181008073A223031019.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T181008073A223031019.en.]]</ref><ref>Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Maisels, F.; Wittemyer, G.; Balfour, D.; Taylor, R.D. (2021) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/181007989/204404464 ''Loxodonta cyclotis'']". [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]. 2021 e.T181007989A204404464. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T181007989A204404464.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T181007989A204404464.en.]]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Ivory trade.jpg|thumb|Banna ba ba nang le meno a tlou ya Aforika kwa Dar es Salaam, c. 1900]] Go ikaegilwe ka mefuta ya dimela tse di tlamelang ka bonno jo bo tshwanetseng jwa ditlou tsa Aforika, go ne ga akanyediwa gore mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe palogodimo ya ditlou tsa Aforika e ne e le didikadike di le masome a mabedi le borataro le dikete tsa makgolo a borobabongwe le lesome le boraro tse di ka tswang di ne di le teng go tswa kwa [[:en:Sahel|Sahel]] kwa bokone go ya kwa [[:en:Highveld|Highveld]] kwa borwa. Go fokotsega ga bonno jo bo tshwanetseng e ne e le selo se segolo se se bakileng go fokotsega ga palo ya ditlou go fitlha ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950. Go tsoma ditlou tsa Aforika go dira kgwebo ya [[:en:Ivory_trade|dinaka tsa tlou]] go ne ga itlhaganedisa kwelotlase go tloga ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 go ya pele. [[:en:Carrying_capacity|Bokgoni jwa go rwala jwa mafelo]] a a setseng a a tshwanetseng bo ne bo akanyeddiwa go nna ditlou di le didikadike di le borobabobedi le dikete tse makgolo a borobabobgwe le masome a borobabobedi le botlhano ka bontsi ka ngwaga wa 1987.<ref>Milner-Gulland, E. J.; Beddington, J. R. (1993). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252970898 The exploitation of elephants for the ivory trade: an historical perspective".] Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 252 (1333): 29–37. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993RSPSB.252...29M 1993RSPSB.252...29M]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1098/rspb.1993.0042|10.1098/rspb.1993.0042.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128704128 128704128].</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 le bo 1980, tlhwatlhwa ya lonaka lwa tlou e ne ya tlhatloga, mme go tsoma lonaka lwa tlou go ne ga oketsega, bogolosegolo kwa dinageng tsa Aforika Bogare kwa phitlhelelo ya mafelo a ditlou e neng e tlhofofadiwa ke madirelo a go [[:en:Logging|rema ditlhare]] le meepo ya [[:en:Petroleum|peterolo]].<ref name=":14" /> Magareng ga dingwaga tsa 1976 le 1980, go ne ga romelwa ntle dinaka tsa ditlou tse di tala di ka nna bokete jwa tonne di le makgolo a borobabobedi le masome a mararo (ditone di le makgolo a borobabobedi le masome a mabedi tse ditelele; ditone di le makgolo a borobabongwe le lesome tse dikhutshwane) go tswa kwa Aforika go ya kwa [[:en:Hong_Kong|Hong Kong]] le [[:en:Japan|Japane]], e e lekanang le dinaka tsa ditlou tsa Aforika di ka nna dikete di le mkgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi.<ref>Parker, J. S. C.; Martin, E. B. (1982). [[doi:10.1017/S0030605300017452|"How many elephants are killed for the ivory trade?]]". Oryx. 16 (3): 235–239. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0030605300017452|10.1017/S0030605300017452]].</ref> Palo ya ntlha ya ditlou mo karolo kgolong ya lefatshe e naleng mafatshe a mantsi ya Aforika e ne ya dirwa ka ngwaga wa 1976. Ka nako eo, go ne go akanngwa gore go na le ditlou di ka nna didikadike di le mongwe le dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mane tse di neng di gasame mo lefelong la dikilometara tse di khutlonne di le didikadike di le supa tsotlhe le dikete di le makgolo a mararo (dikilometara tsa sekwere di le didikadike di le pedi tsotlhe le dikete di le makgolo a robedi).<ref name=":17">Stiles, D. (2004). "[http://danstiles.org/publications/ivory/09.Env.Cons.final.pdf The ivory trade and elephant conservation"] (PDF). Environmental Conservation. 31 (4): 309–321. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004EnvCo..31..309S 2004EnvCo..31..309S.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0376892904001614|10.1017/S0376892904001614.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14772884 14772884].</ref>Mo dingwageng tsa bo-1980, go ne go le thata go dira dipatlisiso tse di rulaganeng mo dinageng di le mmalwa tsa Botlhaba jwa Aforika ka ntlha ya [[:en:Civil_war|dintwa tsa selegae]].<ref name=":14" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1987, go ne go akanngwa gore palo ya ditlou tsa Aforika e ne e fokotsegile go fitlha go dikete di le makgolo a supa le masome a marataro.Ka ngwaga wa 1989, go ne go akanngwa gore go ne go setse ditlou tsa Aforika di le dikete di le makgolo a marataro le boferabobedi fela.<ref name=":17" />Ka ngwaga wa 1989, Tirelo ya Diphologolo tsa Naga ya Kenya (Kenyan Wildlife Service) e ne ya fisa mokgobo wa manaka a ditlou go bontsha kganetso ya yone kgatlhanong le kgwebo ya manaka a ditlou.<ref>Poole, J. (1996). [[iarchive:isbn_9780786860951/page/232|Coming of Age With Elephants.]] New York: Hyperion. p. 232. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-7868-6095-2|0-7868-6095-2]].</ref> Fa kgwebo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya dinaka tsa ditlou e ne e simolola gape ka ngwaga wa 2006, tlhokego le tlhwatlhwa ya manaka a ditlou di ne tsa oketsega kwa Asia. [[:en:Zakouma_National_Park|Kwa Lefelong la Bosetšhaba ya Zakouma]] kwa Chad, go feta ditlou di le dikete di le tharo le makgolo a mabedi di ne tsa bolawa magareng ga ngwaga wa 2005 le 2010. Paka eo e ne e sena balebeledi ba ba lekaneng go lwantsha go tsoma ka tsela e e seng molaong, e bile dibetsa tsa bone di ne di setse kwa morago. Ditlhopha tse di neng di rulagantswe sentle di ne tsa nolofatsa go rekisa dinaka tseo ka bokukuntshwane go feta ka Sudan.<ref>Poilecot, P. (2010). "[[doi:10.19182/bft2010.303.a20454|Le braconnage et la population d'éléphants au Parc National de Zakouma (Tchad)"]]. ''Bois et Forêts des Tropiques''. '''303''' (303): 93–102. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier):[[doi:10.19182/bft2010.303.a20454|10.19182/bft2010.303.a20454]].</ref> Puso ya Tanzania e ne ya akanyetsa gore go feta ditlou di le dikete di le masome a borobabobedi le botlhano di ne tsa bolawa ka ntlha ya go tsomiwa ka tsela e e seng molaong magareng ga ngwaga wa 2009 le 2014, se se emelang tatlhegelo ya karolo ya masome a marataro mo lekgolong.<ref>Mathiesen, K. (2015). "[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/02/tanzania-epicentre-of-elephant-poaching-census-reveals Tanzania elephant population declined by 60% in five years, census reveals"]. [[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]. Retrieved 23 August 2017.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2012, go ne ga begwa koketsego e kgolo ya go tsomiwa ga dinaka tsa ditlou ka tsela e e seng ka fa molaong, mme mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a supa mo lekgolong tsa dinaka tsa ditlou di ne di isiwa kwa China.<ref>[[:en:Jeffrey_Gettleman|Gettleman, J.]] (2012). [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/04/world/africa/africas-elephants-are-being-slaughtered-in-poaching-frenzy.html "Elephants Dying in Epic Frenzy as Ivory Fuels Wars and Profits"]. The New York Times.</ref> China e ne e le mmaraka o mogolo thata wa dinaka tsa ditlou a a tsomilweng ka tsela e e seng molaong. Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa 2015, e ne ya itsise gore e tla emisa ka iketlo go dira le go rekisa ka molao ditlhagisiwa tsotlhe tse di dirilweng ka dinaka tsa ditlou.<ref>Ryan, F. (2015). [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/sep/26/china-and-us-agree-on-ivory-ban-in-bid-to-end-illegal-trade-globally "China and US agree on ivory ban in bid to end illegal trade globally"]. The Guardian.</ref> Dikgotlhang magareng ga ditlou le palo e e golang ya batho ke kgang e kgolo mo tshomarelong ya ditlou.<ref name=":14" /> Go tsenelela ga batho mo mafelong a tlholego a ditlou tsa sekgwa di leng mo go one kgotsa go nna teng ga tsone go go oketsegang mo mafelong a a mabapi go dirile gore go dirwe dipatlisiso ka mekgwa ya go kgweetsa ditlhopha tsa ditlou kgakala le batho ka tsela e e babalesegileng. Go tshameka medumo e e gatisitsweng ya [[:en:Western_honey_bee|dinotshe tsa tswina tsa Bophirima]] tse di galefileng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhotlheletseng ditlou go tshaba mo lefelong lengwe.<ref>King, L. E.; [[:en:Iain_Douglas-Hamilton|Douglas-Hamilton, I.]]; Vollrath, F. (2007). "[[doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.038|African elephants run from the sound of disturbed bees".]] Current Biology. 17 (19): R832–R833. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007CBio...17.R832K 2007CBio...17.R832K]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.038|10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.038]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17925207 17925207]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30014793 30014793].</ref> Balemirui ba lekile go tshosa ditlou ka ditsela tse di bogale jaaka molelo kgotsa tiriso ya dipepere tsa tšhilisi go bapa le magora go sireletsa dijalo tsa bona.<ref>Snyder, K.; Mneney, P.; Benjamin, B.; Mkilindi, P.; Mbise, N. (2019). "[[doi:10.1017/S0030605318001382|Seasonal and spatial vulnerability to agricultural damage by elephants in the western Serengeti, Tanzania"]]. Oryx. 55 (1): 139–149. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0030605318001382|10.1017/S0030605318001382]].</ref> Matshosetsi a magolo a ditlou tsa Aforika ke go latlhegelwa ke bonno le go tsomiwa, mo godimo ga matshosetsi a a magolo, a a tshwenyang thata, go ne ga tlhaga matshosetsi a sešweng a a akaretsang dikgoreletsi tse di dirilweng ke batho le phetolo ya naga e e amang thata le go lekanyetsa motsamao le go anamisiwa ga ditlou tsa Aforika. Kago ya magora, ditsela, dintlha tsa metsi tsa maitirelo, le mafatshe a temothuo di begile ditlamorago tse di masisi mo go fetoleng mekgwa ya motsamao wa tlholego, go kgaoganya mafelo a bodulo, le go lekanyetsa phitlhelelo ya metswedi ya paka.<ref name=":18">Loarie, Scott R.; Van Aarde, R.J.; Pimm, S.L. (2009). "Fences and artificial water affect African savannah elephant movement patterns". Biological Conservation. 142 (12): 3086–3098. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.08.008|10.1016/j.biocon.2009.08.008]].</ref> Dikgoreletsi tse tsa maitirelo di ka dira gore ditlou tsa Aforika di itemogele kgaisano e e oketsegileng ka ge metswedi le mafelo a a kgaogantsweng a na le selekanyo mme di tla lebisa kwa kgotlhang e e gagametseng ya batho le ditlou ka ge ditlou di patelesega go atolosa mafelo a tsona go ya kwa kgotsa gaufi le mafelo a temothuo le mafatshe a a laolwang ke batho.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":19">Blanc, J.J.; Barnes, Richard F.W.; Craig, G.C.; Dublin, H.T.; Thouless, C.R.; Douglas-Hamilton, Ian; Hart, J.A. (2007). African elephant status report 2007: an update from the African elephant database. IUCN. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2305/iucn.ch.2007.ssc-op.33.en|10.2305/iucn.ch.2007.ssc-op.33.en.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0970-3|978-2-8317-0970-3.]]</ref> == Tshomarelo == Ka ngwaga wa 1986, Polokelo ya tshedimosetso ya Ditlou tsa Aforika e ne ya simololwa ka boikaelelo jwa go ela tlhoko seemo sa dipalopalo tsa ditlou tsa Aforika. Polokelo ya tshedimosetso e e akaretsa dipholo go tswa mo dipatlisisong tsa kwa godimo, dipalo tsa boloko, dipotsolotso le batho ba selegae le tshedimosetso ka ga go tsoma.<ref>Thouless, C. R.; Dublin, H. T.; Blanc, J. J.; Skinner, D. P.; Daniel, T. E.; Taylor, R. D.; Maisels, F.; Frederick, H. L.; Bouché, P. (2016). [https://www.dropbox.com/s/7a8w3kk6r9hzm0r/AfESG%20African%20Elephant%20Status%20Report%202016.pdf?dl=1 African Elephant Status Report 2016: an update from the African Elephant Database] (PDF). Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 60. Gland: IUCN SSC African Elephant Specialist Group. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-1813-2|978-2-8317-1813-2]].[permanent dead link]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa1989, [[:en:Convention_on_International_Trade_in_Endangered_Species_of_Wild_Fauna_and_Flora|Tumalano ya Kgwebisano ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Mefuta e e mo Kotsing ya go Nyelela ya Diphologolo le Dimela tsa Nag]]<nowiki/>a e ne ya tsenya tlou ya Afrika mo lenaaneng la [[:en:CITES_Appendix_I|Mametlelelo]] [[:en:CITES_Appendix_I|a ntlha ya CITES]]. Lenaane leno le ne le thibela kgwebisano ya boditšhabatšhaba ya ditlou tsa Afrika le dikarolo tsa mmele wa tsone ke dinaga tse di saenileng tumalano ya CITES. Go tsoma ditlou go thibetswe kwa Repaboliking ya Afrika Bogare, kwa Repaboliking ya puso ya batho ka batho ya Congo, kwa Gabon, kwa Côte d’Ivoire le kwa Senegal. Morago ga gore thibelo e tsene tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1990, thekiso ya ditshwantsho tse di [[:en:Ivory_carving|betlilweng tsa lonaka lwa tlou]] mo Aforika Borwa e wetse tlase ka go feta karolo ya masome a borobabongwe le botlhano mo lekgolong mo dingwageng di le lesome.<ref>Stiles, D.; Martin, E. (2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20200103093454/https://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/pachy30.pdf#page=27 Status and trends of the ivory trade in Africa, 1989–1999"] (PDF). Pachyderm. 30 (30): 24–36. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.69649/pachyderm.v30i1.1035|10.69649/pachyderm.v30i1.1035.]] Archived from [https://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/pachy30.pdf#page=27 the original] (PDF) on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2019.</ref> Ka ntlha ya thibelo ya kgwebisano, palo ya ditlou tsa Aforika e ne ya boela mannong kwa dinageng tsa [[:en:Southern_Africa|Borwa jwa Aforika]].<ref>Blanc, J. J.; Barnes, R. F. W.; Craig, G. C.; Dublin, H. T.; Thouless, C. R.; Douglas-Hamilton, I.; Hart, J. A. (2007)[https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/SSC-OP-033.pdf . African Elephant Status Report 2007: An update from the African Elephant Database] (PDF). Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 33. Gland: IUCN SSC African Elephant Specialist Group.</ref> Setlhopha sa Baitseanape ba Ditlou tsa Aforika se tlhomile ''Setlhopha sa Tiro sa Dikgotlhang tsa Batho le Ditlou'' ka maikaelelo a go tlhama maano a go fokotsa dikgotlhang.<ref>Naughton, L.; Rose, R.; Treves, A. (1999). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228594746 The social dimensions of human-elephant conflict in Africa: A literature review and case studies from Uganda and Cameroon.] Madison: University of Wisconsin.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2005, [[:en:West_African_Elephant_Memorandum_of_Understanding|Memorantamo wa Kutlwano wa Ditlou tsa]] [[:en:West_African_Elephant_Memorandum_of_Understanding|Bophirima jwa Aforika]] o ne wa bewa mowana ke mafatshe a le lesome le bobedi tsa Bophirima jwa Aforika. [[:en:Convention_on_the_Conservation_of_Migratory_Species_of_Wild_Animals|Tumalano ya Tshomarelo ya Mefuta e e Fudugang ya Diphologolo tsa Naga]] e ne ya tlamela ka tshegetso ya matlole dingwaga di le nne go diragatsa Leano la Tshomarelo ya Ditlou la Aforika Bophirima, le le bopang karolo e e botlhokwa ya tumalano eno ya dipuso.<ref>Dublin, H. (2005). "[https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/fulltext/17713 African Elephant Specialist Group report"]. Pachyderm (39): 1–9.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2019, thomelo ya kwa ntle ya ditlou tsa naga tsa Aforika kwa di-zoo go ralala lefatshe e ne ya thibelwa, kwa ntle ga phapogo e e neng ya okediwa ke EU go letla thomelontle mo "maemong a a sa tlwaelegang a mo go one ... go tsewang gore go fudusediwa kwa mafelong a pele ga tsone go tla tlamela ka melemo e e bonalang ya tshomarelo ya ditlou tsa Aforika". Pele, thomelontle e ne e letleletswe mo Aforika Borwa ka Zimbabwe e tshwara le go romela ntle masea a ditlou a a fetang lekgolo kwa lefelong la polokelo ya diphologolo tsa naga tsa China fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2012.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/aug/27/near-total-ban-imposed-on-sending-wild-african-elephants-to-zoos "Near-total ban imposed on sending wild African elephants to zoos"].</ref> Go fitlhetswe gore tshomarelo ya ditlou ga e tlhole kgwebisano le [[:en:Climate_change_mitigation|phokotso ya phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_mitigation|seemo]] sa bosa. Le fa diphologolo ka tlwaelo di baka phokotsego ya palo yotlhe ya bokete jwa ditshedi mo lefelong ya logong mme ka jalo le khabone e e fa godimo ga mmu, di rotloetsa [[:en:Carbon_sequestration|go tshwarwa ga khabone mo mmung]].<ref>Sandhage-Hofmann, A.; Linstädter, A.; Kindermann, L.; Angombe, S.; Amelung, W. (2021). [[doi:10.1111/gcb.15779|"Conservation with elevated elephant densities sequesters carbon in soils despite losses of woody biomass"]]. Global Change Biology. 27 (19): 4601–4614. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021GCBio..27.4601S 2021GCBio..27.4601S.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]][[doi:10.1111/gcb.15779|:10.1111/gcb.15779]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34197679 34197679].</ref> === Ditogamaano tsa tshomarelo === Mekgwa ya tshomarelo ya sešweng ya ditlou tsa Aforika e tsepamisitswe thata mo taolong ya maemo a kgaolo le tlhokomelo ya kgolagano ya tikologo magareng ga mafelo a a kgaoganeng moo mabaka a maitirelo e leng ntlha e kgolo e e tlhotlheletsang palo ya ditlou tsa Aforika. Ka go ranola mo ditselaneng tsa khudugo a diphologolo le ka go tsweletsa kgolagano magareng ga mafelo a a sireleditsweng, e tla tshegetsa mekgwa ya motsamao wa tlholego le phitlhelelo e e lekalekanang ya metswedi ya paka.<ref name=":18" />Maano a tshomarelo a tla akaretsa maiteko a go koafatsa ditlamorago tsa mafaratlhatlha a batho jaaka go tlosa magora le go tokafatsa thulaganyo ya tiriso ya lefatshe e e tla tshitshinyang go fokotsa go kgaogana ga bonno le kgotlhang ya ditlou tsa batho.<ref name=":18" />  Dintlha tse dingwe tse di tla nonotshang tshomarelo ya ditlou tsa Aforika di akaretsa taolo e e gokagantsweng ya boditšhabatšhaba jaaka fa mafelo a ditlou a anamisitswe ka bophara go ralala dipoa tsa Aforika le dikgaolo tsa go lea diphologolo tsa naga, le go kopanngwa ga baagi ba selegae mo thulaganyong ya tshomarelo.<ref name=":19" /> == Tsa Ngwao == [[Setshwantsho:Elephant african mask.jpg|thumb|Maseke o o naleng sebobedo sa tlou kwa Ivory Coast]] Di [[:en:Culture_of_Africa|ngwao tsa Aforika]] ka bontsi di tlotla tlou e le sesupo sa nonofo le maatla.<ref>http://www.edgeofexistence.org/mammals/species_info.php?id=77". EDGE: Mammal Species Information. Retrieved 7 December 2012.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20130710032204/http://www.cms.int/species/elephants/index.htm West African Elephants]". Convention on Migratory Species. Retrieved 7 December 2012.</ref>E gape e tlotliwa ka ntlha ya bogolo jwa yone, boleele jwa botshelo, boitshoko, botlhale, moya wa tirisanommogo le [[:en:Loyalty|boikanyego]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130330072035/http://www.fowler.ucla.edu/category/exhibitions-education/elephant-animal-and-its-ivory-african-culture "Elephant: The Animal and Its Ivory in African Culture".] Fowler Museum at UCLA. Archived from [http://www.fowler.ucla.edu/category/exhibitions-education/elephant-animal-and-its-ivory-african-culture the original] on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.</ref> Bohlokwa jwa yone mo ditumelong bo ikaegile thata ka go e tsaya e le [[:en:Totemism|phologolo e e emelang losika]] kgotsa setlhopha sa batho (totem).<ref>Sukumar, R. (2003). "The capture and use of the African elephant". The Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behaviour, and Conservation. Oxford, USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 81–88. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510778-4|978-0-19-510778-4.]] [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/935260783 935260783].</ref> Merafe e le mentsi e ne e dumela gore dikgosi tsa yone di tla tsalwa gape e le ditlou fa di sena go tlhokafala. Mo lekgolong la bolesome la dingwaga, batho ba [[:en:Igbo-Ukwu|Igbo-Ukwu]] kwa Nigeria ba ne ba fitlha baeteledipele ba bone ba na le manaka a tlou.<ref>Wylie, D. (2009). Elephant. Reaktion Books. p. 79. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-615-5|978-1-86189-615-5]]. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/740873839 740873839].</ref> [[:en:South_Africa|Aforika Borwa]] e dirisa dinaka tsa tlou mo [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa|sekapeng sa bosetšhaba]] (letshwao la semmuso la puso kgotsa la naga) go emela botlhale, maatla, tekatekano le botshelo jo bo sa khutleng.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20120904094036/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/symbols/coa/index.htm National Coat of Arms"]. South African Government Information. Archived from [http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/symbols/coa/index.htm the original] on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.</ref> Mo [[:en:Kingdom_of_Dahomey|Bogosing jwa Dahomey]] kwa Bophirima jwa Aforika (jo jaanong bo bidiwang [[:en:Benin|Benin]]), tlou e ne e amanngwa le babusi ba lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabbongwe la dingwaga ba [[:en:Fon_people|morafe wa Fon]], e bong [[:en:Guezo|Guezo]] le morwawe [[:en:Glele|Glele]].[a] Go dumelwa gore phologolo e e emela nonofo, boswa jwa bogosi le segopotso se se nnang tsotlhe, jaaka go bontshiwa ke maele a a reng: ''"Kwa tlou e fetang mo sekgweng, tsotlhe di a itse,''" le ''"Diphologolo di gata mo lefatsheng, mme tlou yona e gata fa batshe ka maatla.''"<ref>"[https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/318417 Elephant Figure | Fon peoples | The Met".] The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 12 December 2017.</ref> Folaga ya bone e ne e na le setshwantsho sa tlou e rwetse serwalo sa bogosi. ==== E le matshwao a bosetšhaba ==== [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Central_African_Republic|Sekapa sa bosetšhaba sa Lefatshe la Bogare jwa Aforika]] se na le tlhogo ya tlou mo karolong e e kwa godimo ka molema ya thebe. [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_Guinea|Sekapa sa bosetšhaba sa Guinea]] se se neng se dirisiwa go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1958 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1984 se ne se na le tlou ya gouta mo gare ga thebe. [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_Ivory_Coast|Sekapa sa bosetšhaba sa Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)]] se dirisa tlhogo ya tlou e le letshwao le legolo la sesupo sa sona. [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo|Sekapa sa bosetšhaba sa Rephaboliki ya Congo]] se na le ditlou di le pedi tse di tshwereng thebe. [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini|Sekapa sa bosetšhaba sa Eswatini]] se na le tlou le tau tse di emeng tsotlhe di tshegetsa thebe. == Bona gape == * [[:en:Africa's_Elephant_Kingdom|''Bogosi jwa Ditlou jwa Aforika'']] * [[:en:List_of_individual_elephants|Lenaane la ditlou ka bongwe]] Dintlha a. Guezo le Glele ba ne ba busa go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1818 go ya go kwa ngwageng wa 1858 le go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1858 go ya ko ngwageng wa 1889, ka go latelana . == Metswedi == <references /> == Dikgokagano tsa kwa ntle == * "[https://www.cms.int/en/species/loxodonta-africana Loxodonta africana]". ''Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals.'' 2020. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090318112402/http://elephant.elehost.com/About_Elephants/about_elephants.htm Elephant Information Repository] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318112402/http://elephant.elehost.com/About_Elephants/about_elephants.htm|date=18 March 2009}} – An in-depth resource on elephants * [http://faculty.jsd.claremont.edu/dmcfarlane/MtElgon/index.htm "Elephant caves" of Mt Elgon National Park] * [https://elephantvoices.org/ ElephantVoices] – Resource on elephant vocal communications * [https://www.elephanttrust.org/ Amboseli Trust for Elephants] – Interactive web site * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151107212924/http://anotherelephant.org/ Another Elephant] – A hub for saving the elephants. * David Quammen (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080826010035/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/samburu-elephants/quammen-text "Family ties – The elephants of Samburu"]. National Geographic Magazine. Archived from [http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/samburu-elephants/quammen-text the original] on 26 August 2008. * [https://eia-international.org/ EIA 25 yrs investigating the ivory trade, reports etc] * [https://us.eia.org/ EIA (in the USA) reports etc] * [https://elephantconservation.org/elephants/african-elephants/ International Elephant Foundation] * rhaxeczcvmz1tcvlbct82j2hv0ewohu 0 13426 53874 50333 2026-08-03T14:04:58Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53874 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Crossing kwilu river.jpg|thumb|Noka Kwilu]] '''Noka ya Kwilu''' (Portuguese: Rio Cuílo; French: Rivière Kwilu; Dutch: Kwilu Rivier) ke noka e kgolo kwa Lunda Norte le Lunda Sul kwa Angola le kwa Kwilu Province, e e neng e itsege jaaka porofense ya Bandundu, kwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) go ya kwa toropong ya Bandundu, kwa e kopanelang le Noka ya Kwango pele ga molapo ono o tsena mo Nokaneng ya Kasai. Kwa DRC noka e elela go feta metse ya Gungu, Kikwit, Bulungu, Bagata, Rutherfordia le Bandundu.<ref>[[:en:Kwilu_River#CITEREFBlaes2008|Blaes 2008.]]</ref> Lusanga, eo pele e neng e bitswa Leverville, e fa nokeng ya Kwenge e kopanang teng le Kwilu, fa gare ga Kikwit le Bulungu. <ref>C.J. Warrington (May 1972)[https://web.archive.org/web/20101228034228/http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf . "M'Bwa na Basenji"] (PDF). ''The Basenji''. Retrieved 2012-02-02</ref> == Dikarolo tsa yone == Ke noka e e itsoketsang. Fa e le gaufi le molomo wa yone e bophara jwa dimetara di le makgolo a ferabongwe le masome a matlhano (950). Se se dirisiwang go dira bolao ke motlhaba.<ref>Hanibal Lemma, and colleagues (2019). "Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7)". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''577''' 123968. doi:1[[doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968|0.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968.]] S2CID 199099061.</ref>Noka eno e boleele jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a ferabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (965). Ka paka ya dipula, lefelo le le tletseng metsi le fitlha go dikilometara di le sekete makgolo a matlhano le masome a le matlhano (1 550) (600 sq mi). Metsi a noka a tlhatlogela kwa bogodimong jwa magareng ga dimetara di le seketo (1 000) le dimetara di le sekete le makgolo a ferabobedi (1 800) kwa dithabeng tsa Angola. Di wela kwa tlase thata go ya kwa boalong jwa Central Congo Basin e e fa gare ga dimetara di le makgolo a matlhano (500) (1,600 ft) le dimetara di le 300 (980 ft) kwa godimo ga lewatle. Patlisiso ya ngwaga wa 2011 e fitlhetse mefuta e le lekgolo le lesome le borarao (113) ya ditlhapi mo malapeng a le masome a mabedi le motso (21) le ditlhopha di le borobabobedi.(8)<ref>[[:en:Kwilu_River#CITEREFMuneneStiassny2011|Munene & Stiassny]] 2011.</ref> == Metswedi == fjcdpoufixqe5n7knyuccpmvxq3m6gc 0 14053 53873 51539 2026-08-03T14:04:56Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53873 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|Noka ya Kwenge kwa Kasai]] '''Noka ya Kwenge''' (ka teme ya seFora:'''Riviere Kwenge''') ke molatswana o kwa kgwaolong ya Bandundu kwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. Noka e simologa kwa [[Angola]], dikhilomithara di le thataro e tlhama bontlha jo bokhutshwane jwa molelwane wa Angola-DRC.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/4%C2%B050'25.5%22S+18%C2%B043'19.2%22E/@-7.9534875,18.7487729,13.13z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-4.840404!4d18.721991?hl=en "Kwenge"]. ''GoogleMaps''. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> E elelela kwa bokone go tswa kwa molelwaneng wa Angola e kgabaganya [[Noka ya Kwango|Kwango]] le [[Noka ya Kwilu|Kwilu]], e kopana le noka ya Kwilu kwa tlase ga Kikwit. <ref>Blaes, X. (October 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf "Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo"] (PDF). UNOCHA and PNUD. Archived from [http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2016-08-18.</ref>Lusanga, kwa pele e neng e le Leverville, ke kwa bokopanong jwa noka ya Kwenge le Kwilu.<ref>C.J. Warrington (May 1972). [https://web.archive.org/web/20181004143011/http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf "M'Bwa na Basenji"] (PDF). ''The Basenji''. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> Lefatshe le le fa gare ga dinoka tsa Kwilu le Kwenge pele le ne le nniwa ke batho ba Pende.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120817022444/http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/ "Tribal Treasures".] Zemanek-Münster. August 25, 2011. Archived from [https://tribalart.de/en/blog/ the original] on August 17, 2012. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> Batho ba Suku ba ba tsileng mo kgaolong e o go tswa kwa nokeng ya Kwango ka dingwaga tsa 1800, ba nna kwa kgaolong e e fa gare ga dinoka tsa Bakali le Kwenge.<ref>Robert F. Gray, P. H. Gulliver (2004). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=a1uFe__DEB4C&pg=PA83&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false The family estate in Africa: studies in the role of property in family structure and lineage continuity]''. Routledge. p. 83. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-415-32985-X|<bdi>0-415-32985-X</bdi>.]]</ref> Mokgatsha wa noka kwa tlase o na le mekgatsha ya lefatshe le le nnang le na le metsi ka dinako tsotlhe.<ref>R. H. Hughes; J. S. Hughes (1992). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA531&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''A directory of African wetlands''.] IUCN. p. 531. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/2-88032-949-3|<bdi>2-88032-949-3</bdi>.]]</ref> == Metswedi == ibm5brivdr0mxq2brs70a9u8z4mu3qp 0 14526 53864 53257 2026-08-03T12:04:14Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53864 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Metshameko''' ya kwa [[Botswana]] e farologane mme e tlhabolotswe sentle. Le mororo kgwele ya dinao, ya diatla le diatleletiki e santse e le metshameko e e tumileng thata, metshameko e mengwe e mentsi, go akaretsa kerikete, rugby, judo, go thuma le tenese e latelwa thata mo nageng eno. Khomišene ya Bosetšhaba ya Metshameko ya Botswana (BNSC), mmogo le Komiti ya Bosetšhaba ya Diolimpiki ya Botswana (BNOC) le Lefapha la Baša, Metshameko le Setso (MYSC) di na le maikarabelo a go tsamaisa metshameko ka kakaretso mo nageng. Mo godimo ga moo, go na le Mekgatlho ya Metshameko ya Bosetšhaba e e fetang masome a mararo le mekgatlho ya metshameko ya dikolo e le meraro. <ref>Moustakas, Louis; Tshube, Tshepang (2020-10-21). [[doi:10.1080/19406940.2020.1832556|"Sport policy in Botswana".]] ''International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics''. '''12''' (4): 731–745. doi:[[doi:10.1080/19406940.2020.1832556|10.1080/19406940.2020.1832556]]. ISSN&#x20;1940-6940. S2CID&#x20;226336354.</ref> Botswana e tshwara metshameko ya Botswana Games dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le pedi, mme e tshotse metshameko ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone ya Aforika ya Baša, International Working Group on Women in Sport, le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa2 Netball World Youth Cup. Gape ba ne ba batla go nna baamogedi ba Metshameko ya Diolimpiki ya Bašwa ya Selemo ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, mme ba ne ba fenngwa ke ba ba neng ba tlile go nna baamogedi ba metshameko ya Dakar. == metshameko == === Metshameko ya Athletics === ==== Mabelo ==== [[Setshwantsho:Montsho Felix Daegu 2011.jpg|thumb|Amantle Montsho o ne a fenya Alyson Felix go nna mmampodi wa ntlha wa lefatshe kgotsa wa metshameko ya Olympic wa Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011).]] Botswana e ntse e dira sentle mo metshamekong ya diatleletiki ka go lebelela ditiro tsa [[Nijel Amos|Nijel Amo]]<nowiki/>s<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160817164158/http://www.all-athletics.com/node/422977 "Profile of Nijel AMOS | All-Athletics.com".] ''www.all-athletics.com''. Archived from the original on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> a fenya sekgele sa selefera mo lobelong lwa banna lwa dimetara tse makgolo a robabobedi, e leng sekgele sa ntlha sa Diolimpiki sa lefatshe la gagwe.<ref>[http://www.breakingnews.com/item/ahZzfmJyZWFraW5nbmV3cy13d3ctaHJkcg0LEgRTZWVkGOO0xgkM/2012/08/09/nijel-amos-of-botswana-wins-silver-timothy-kitum-of-kenya-wins-bronze "Nijel Amos of Botswana wins silver, Timothy Kitum of Kenya wins bronze in men's 800-meter race - london2012.com".] Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Kwa Metshamekong ya Commonwealth ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, Amos o ne a gapa sekgele sa gouta sa dimetara di le makgolo a robabobedi ka 1:45.18. Amos o ne a tswa mo lebokoseng la metshameko mme a feta [[David Rudisha]] yo o tshotseng rekoto ya lefatshe mo dimetareng di le 50 tsa bofelo. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/commonwealthgames/11004554/David-Rudisha-is-beaten-by-Nijel-Amos-in-800m-final-at-Commonwealth-Games-as-Hampden-Park-witnesses-shock.html "David Rudisha is beaten by Nijel Amos in 800m final at Commonwealth Games as Hampden Park witnesses shock".] Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Botswana e na le moatlelete yo o siameng [[Amantle Montsho]] yo o fentseng sekgele sa selefera kwa Dikgaisanong tsa Aforika tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro le sseetsele sa gauta se se emetseng lefatshe kwa Metshamekong ya Aforika yotlhe ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa . Mo metshamekong e e tshwanang o ne a fetsa a le wa botlhano mo metshamekong ya dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi .<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071010170448/http://www.coja2007.dz/portail/programme/Results.html?discipId=ath&compId=COMP88 "2007 All-Africa Games, women's 200 m final".] ''www.coja2007.dz/''. Archived from the original on 2007-10-10.</ref> O ne a taboga rekoto e e gaisang ya Botswana ya 49.83 ya metsotswana go fenya dimetara di le makgolo a mane kwa Metshamekong ya Aforika ya Athletics ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi. E sa ntse e le rekoto ya Kgaisano eno. Ka 2011 World Championships in Athletics kwa South Korea, o ne a fenya Alyson Felix go nna mmampodi wa ntlha wa lefatshe kgotsa wa Olympic wa Botswana. Leslie Tebogo ke motabogi yo o itsegeng thata mo mabelong a dimetara di le lekgolo le di le makgolo a mabedi( 100 le 200 m). O ne a nna moatlelete wa ntlha wa mo Aforika go taboga ka fa tlase ga metsotswana e le masome a mabedi mo metshamekong ya dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi 200m kwa Dikgaisanyong tsa Lefatshe tsa Athletics tsa ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi, koo a neng a tlhoma direkoto tse dintsi tsa bašwa. Bosheng jaana kwa Metshamekong ya Di-Olimpiki ya Selemo ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone, o ne a gapa gouta ya banna ya dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi kwa Paris, a tsaya metsotso e le 19.46 (rekoto ya Afrika) go nna mmegadikgang wa ntlha wa Botswana wa go gapa gouta ya Di-Olimpiki. <ref>[https://www.olympics.com/en/olympic-games/paris-2024 "IAAF: Athlete profile for Kabelo Kgosiemang"]. ''olympics.com''. Retrieved 2025-09-26.</ref> ==== High Jump ==== Moatlelete yo mongwe yo o tumileng wa Botswana ke moatlelete wa go tlola kwa godimo Kabelo Kgosiemang, yo o kileng a nna mmampodi wa Aforika gararo.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/athcode=211047 "IAAF: Athlete profile for Kabelo Kgosiemang".] ''iaaf.org''. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> === Basketball === Setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa Botswana sa kgwele ya dinao ke setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa kgwele ya dinao sa Botswana <ref>[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/nfProf.asp?nationalFederationNumber=4213 "Profile"]. FIBA.COM. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> mme gape ke leloko la International Basketball Federation (FIBA) go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,amkgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997). Setlhopha se ga se ise se tlhagelele kwa [[FIBA World Championship]], FIBA Africa Championship kgotsa [[Basketball kwa Summer Olympics]] === Bridge === Papadi ya dikarata e na le balatedi ba le bantsi; e ne ya tshamekiwa la ntlha kwa Botswana dingwaga tse di fetang masome a mararo tse di fetileng mme ya tuma thata ka bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980). Barutabana ba le bantsi ba kwa Boritane ba ba neng ba nna kwa dinageng di sele ba ne ba ruta motshameko ono mo dikolong tse dikgolwane tsa kwa Botswana. Botswana Bridge Federation (BBF) e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi mme e tsweletse go rulaganya dikgaisano. Bridge e ntse e tumile mme BBF e na le maloko a a fetang makgolo a robabobedi .<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227184536/http://www.bnsc.co.bw/affiliates/bridge_federation.htm "BNSC - Botswana Bridge Federation"]. 2008-02-27. Archived from the original on February 27, 2008. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa , BBF e ne ya laletsa English Bridge Union go tshwara lenaneo la go ruta la beke ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi .<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227184536/http://www.ebu.co.uk/general/news/2008/BotswanaTrip.htm "Botswana Trip".] 2008-02-27. Archived from the original on February 27, 2008. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> === Cricket === Cricket e simolotse mo nageng ka batswagosele go tswa mo Afrika Borwa le mo kontinenteng ya India<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060217104503/http://www.cricketfundas.com/africa/botswana.html "History of cricket in Botswana".] Archived from the original on 2006-02-17.</ref>[Botswana e ne ya tlhophiwa go nna leloko la ICC ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe ,<ref name=":0">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Countries/103.html "Botswana at Cricket Archive"]. ''www.cricketarchive.co.uk''. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref>mme ya tshameka mo Sejaneng sa Aforika kwa Zambia ngwaga o o latelang. Morago ga go fenya metshameko yotlhe ya bona ya motshameko wa ntlha kgatlhanong le Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia le Zimbabwe, ba ne ba fenya Kenya mo makgaolakgannyeng pele ba fenngwa ke Afrika Borwa mo makgaolakgannyeng ka dipalo tse makgolo a mabedi le masome a supa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2002/TOURNAMENTS/AFRICACUP/about.shtml |title="2002 Africa Cup at CricketEurope". |access-date=2026-07-19 |archive-date=2012-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612095304/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2002/TOURNAMENTS/AFRICACUP/about.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , ba ne ba fenya kgaisano ya ditlhopho tsa maloko a Aforika tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano ICC Trophy, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cricketeurope4.net/ICCT2005/DATABASE/QUALIFYING/africa.shtml |title=2005 ICC Trophy African qualifying at the tournament's official website". |access-date=2026-07-19 |archive-date=2011-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524025516/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/ICCT2005/DATABASE/QUALIFYING/africa.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>ba ba tsenya mo kgatong e e latelang ya ditlhopho, African Cricket Association Championships. Ba ne ba fenya Nigeria le Tanzania mo kgaisanong eo kwa Zambia ka kgwedi ya Phatwe, ba fetsa mo maemong a bone, ka jalo ba latlhegelwa ke go tsenela ICC Trophy ya bone ya ntlha. Ba ne ba duelwa ka go tshameka mo kgaisanong eno ka go tlhatlosediwa go nna maloko a a kopaneng a ICC ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro, ba ne ba tsaya karolo mo kgaisanong ya bobedi ya kgaolo ya Afrika ya World Cricket League, ba fetsa mo maemong a bobedi morago ga Tanzania. Seno se ne sa ba kgontsha go tsenela Division Five ya World Cricket League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES/articles/000045/004501.shtml |title=Jersey to host World Cricket League Division Five, ICC Media Release". |access-date=2026-07-19 |archive-date=2011-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524030159/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES/articles/000045/004501.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi , Botswana e ne ya ya kwa Jersey go tsaya karolo mo kgaisanong ya Division Five. Le fa Botswana e ne ya fenya Bahamas mo setlhopheng sa B, e ne e le phenyo ya bone e le nngwe fela mo kgaisanong ya ditlhopha mme ka go fenngwa gararo le motshameko o le mongwe o o neng wa tlogelwa ka ntlha ya pula, ba ne ba retelelwa ke go tsenela makgaolakgang. Botswana e ne ya fetsa e le mo maemong a borataro morago ga go fenya Jeremane mme ya fenngwa ke Singapore mo metshamekong ya playoff. E re ka go ne go na le ditlhopha di le pedi fela tse di neng di le kwa godimo mo kgaisanong eno tse di neng tsa kgona go tsenela kgaisano ya Division Four kwa Tanzania moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, Botswana e ne ya latlhegelwa ke tshono ya go ya kwa pele ka toro ya yone ya go tsaya Sejana sa Lefatshe sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe. <ref>[http://www.cricinfo.com/wcl/engine/match/349866.html 5th Place Play-off: Botswana v Singapore at St Clement, May 31, 2008 | Cricket Scorecard | ESPN Cricinfo"]. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi, Botswana e ne ya tsaya karolo mo kgaolong ya bobedi ya kgaolo ya Afrika ya World Cricket League, ya fetsa e sa fenngwa mme ya fenya kgaisano. Phenyo eno e ba tlhatloseditse kwa Division One ya Kgaolo ya Afrika, le fa go ntse jalo letlha le lefelo la kgaisano eno le santse le tshwanetse go tlhomamisiwa. <ref>[http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/373404.html "Botswana win promotion to Africa's top flight".] Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe , Botswana e ne ya ya kwa Singapore go tsenela Division Six ya World Cricket League. Le fa Botswana e ne e na le kgaisano mo metshamekong e le mentsi, e ne ya fenya e le nngwe fela mo metshamekong e le metlhano ya setlhopha mme ya fetsa e le mo maemong a botlhano morago ga go fenya Norway mo kgaisanong ya makgaolakgang. <ref>[http://www.cricinfo.com/wcl/engine/series/418156.html "Results | ICC World Cricket League (Old) | ESPN Cricinfo".] ''Cricinfo''. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe, Botswana e ne ya nna moamogedi wa ICC World Cricket League Division Seven le setlhopha se se santseng se le sennye mme ya dira sentle thata, ya fenya metshameko e le meraro ya kgaisano kgatlhanong le Norway, Japane le Jeremane mme ya fenngwa ke bafenyi ba Kuwait, ba ba beileng Nigeria mo maemong a bobedi mme kwa bofelong ya fenngwa ke Jeremane mo motshamekong o o neng wa ba baya mo maemong a bobedi. Motshamekô kgatlhanong le Nigeria mo metshamekong ya kgwele ya dinao e ne e le go swetsa gore ke sefe sa ditšhaba tse pedi se se tlaa tlhatlogelang kwa ICC World Cricket League Division Six e e tlaa tshwarelwang kwa Malaysia ka kgwedi ya Lwetse,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe mme ka go latlhegelwa ke motshamekô oo, Botswana e ne ya retelelwa ke go tlhatlogela kwa pele mme e tlaa sala mo Division Seven go fitlha ka kgwele ya dinao e e latelang ya ICC WCL. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro , Botswana e ne ya fiwa ditshwanelo tsa go tshola gape kgaisano ya ICC World Cricket League Division 7 mo lekgetlhong la bobedi fa ba ne ba leka go tlhatlosiwa go tswa mo Division 7 morago ga go emisa go tlhatlosiwa mo kgaisanong e e fetileng. Botswana e ne ya fenya Ghana mo motshamekong wa ntlha, mme ya latlhegelwa ke motshamekô wa bobedi mo kgaisanong e e neng e le kgatlhanong le Vanuatu ka maemô a le masome a mabedi le boraro . Botswana e ne ya latlhegelwa ke motshameko wa boraro o o latelang thata go tswa mo go bafenyi ba WCL Div 7 le ba ba leng kgatlhanong le Nigeria. Botswana e ne ya leka go boela gape mo kgaisanong ya go tlhatlosiwa maemo mme morago ga motshameko o o neng o bapetse Jeremane, ditsholofelo tsotlhe tsa bone di ne tsa fela mme ba ne ba ka solofela fela go bona maemo a boraro. Se se ne sa fitlhelelwa ka go fenya Fiji mo motshamekong wa bofelo wa setlhopha mme morago ga moo ba ba fenya gape mo kgaisanong ya go tsaya maemo a boraro mme ba dira gore Botswana e bone maemo a boraro a a tlotlegang, ba feletsa ba le kwa morago ga Vanuatu le Nigeria ba ba neng ba tlhatlogela kwa Division 6 ya WCL. Ka tshwetso ya ICC ya go fedisa ICC World Cricket League Divisions 7 le 8, seno se raya gore Botswana jaanong e tla tshwanela go tsenela dikgaisanyo tsa kgaolo gore e tsenele ICC World Cricket League Division 6, e jaanong e tla nnang lefelo la go tsenela World Cricket League. === Kgwele ya Dinao === Kgwele ya dinao ke motshameko o o tumileng thata mo Botswana, mme go tsenela S[[ejana sa Mafatshe tsa Aforika]] sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi ke phitlhelelo e kgolo go fitlha jaanong. Setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa kgwele ya dinao sa Botswana, se laolwa ke [[Lekgotla la Kgwele ya Dinao la Botswana]],<ref>[http://www.goal.com/en/news/1717/editorial/2011/05/21/2495780/botswanas-football-taken-to-the-next-level-the-zebras-are "The mystery behind the rise of Botswana football"]. Goal.com. 2011-05-21. Retrieved 2013-11-15.</ref> se itsege thata ka leina la The Zebras mme se emela naga mo dikgaisanong tsa boditšhabatšhaba tsa kgwele ya dinao.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140728031309/http://www.orange.co.bw/news/?p=147605 Orange reaffirms its role as a partner of the Zebras".] ''www.orange.co.bw''. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref>E ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa , mme ya kopanngwa le FIFA ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi le CAF ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borataro . [[Mokgatlho wa Kgwele ya Dinao wa Botswana]] o rulaganya diligi tsa bosetšhaba tsa kgwele ya dinao le setlhopha sa bosetšhaba se se akaretsang beMOBILE Premier League, Botswana First Division North le Botswana First Division South. Le fa Botswana e tsene mo dikgaisanong tsa makgaolakgang tsa [[Sejana sa Lefatshe sa FIFA]] makgetlo a le matlhano, go ba tsere dingwaga di ka nna lesome le bongwe morago ga go tshameka motshameko wa bone wa ntlha go bona phenyo ya bone ya ntlha - phenyo ya 4-1 mo dikgaisanong tsa makgaolakgang tsa Afrika tsa kwa [[Germany 2006]] kgatlhanong le [[Lesotho]] Setšhaba sa borwa jwa Afrika se ne sa tsaya karolo mo kgaisanong ya bone ya ntlha ya pele ya [[Sejana sa Lefatshe sa FIFA sa 1994]] kwa [[USA,]] koo ba neng ba lebagane le [[Niger]] le [[Côte d'Ivoire]]. Ba ne ba kgona go tshameka motshameko wa maleka setlhopa (0 -0) le wa bofelo kwa Gaborone mme ba latlhegelwa ke metshameko ya bone e meraro e mengwe, ba fetsa ba le kwa bofelong mo setlhopheng sa bone. Kgaisano e e latelang e ba neng ba tsenela yone e ne e le ya Sejana sa Lefatshe sa FIFA sa 2002, koo ba neng ba lebagana le Zambia mo kgaisanong ya maoto a mabedi go swetsa gore ke setlhopha sefe se se neng se tla fetela kwa dikgaisanong tsa ditlhopha. [[Zambia]] e ne ya fenya metshameko e mebedi ya motshameko wa tie go ya kwa kgaolong ya makgaolakgang mme ya fenya Botswana. Morago ga moo Botswana e ne ya nna le dipholo tse di maswe ka setlhopha se ne sa latlhegelwa ke nno tse tharo go ya go lefela go tswa Zambia le go latlhegelwa ke ditlhopha tsa bobedi go tswa Afrika Borwa le Zimbabwe kwa gae kwa Gaborone, go swabisa batshegetsi ba le bantsi. Fa ba ne ba tshameka le setlhopha sa Madagascar se se neng se le mo maemong a bo lekgolo le masome a mane le borataro mo lefatsheng ka nako eo, seno se ne sa dira gore Mokgatlho wa Kgwele ya Dinao wa Botswana o leleke motsamaisi Colwyn Rowe, le fa a ne a eteletse Botswana pele go fitlha mo maemong a bo masome a robabongwe le botlhano a FIFA a a neng a le kwa godimo go gaisa otlhe a a kileng a nna teng. BFA e ne ya bolela fa kgato eno e tserwe ka gonne ba ne ba tshaba gore a ka se sireletsege mo babogeding ba ba galefileng. Stanley Tshosane o ne a tlhophiwa go nna motlhatlhami wa gagwe mme mo motshamekong wa gagwe wa ntlha, Botswana e ne ya fenya Mozambique ka di nnno tse pedi go e le nngwe go ba tsenya mo maemong a a kwa godimo mo setlhopheng sa bone sa ditlhopho. Le fa Botswana e kgonne go fenya Côte d'Ivoire, e feditse kwa tlase mo setlhopheng sa yone sa ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome FIFA World Cup kwa Afrika Borwa. Morago ga go swabisiwa gono go ne ga latela motlha o o atlegileng thata mo ditsong tsa Botswana. Botswana e ne ya fenya maemo a yone go nna setlhopha sa ntlha go tsenela Sejana sa Dinaga tsa Aforika sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi, ba fenya [[Tunisia]] kwa gae le kwa moseja. Katlego eno e ne ya tsamaelana le go tlhatlogela kwa maemong a a kwa godimo a FIFA a bo53. Ba ne ba se ka ba kgona go aga mo godimo ga go tokafala ga bona mo motshamekong, ba ne ba fenngwa ke [[Ghana]] le [[Mali]] mme ba fenngwa thata ke Guinea ba bo ba felela kwa tlase mo setlhopheng sa bone ka dintlha di le lefela. Sebopego se se khutshwafaditsweng sa ditlhopho tsa Sejana sa Ditšhaba sa Aforika sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borarose ne sa ba bona ba lebagane le Mali mo motshamekong wa maoto a mabedi, o ba neng ba latlhegelwa ke di nno tse supa go ele nngwe ka kakaretso. Morago ga moo ba ne ba retelelwa ke go tsenela Sejana sa Lefatshe sa FIFA sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, ba feleletsa ba le mo maemong a boraro mo setlhopheng sa bone ka dintlha di le supa morago ga [[Aforika Borwa|Afrika Borwa]] le [[Ethiopia]]. Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro Lekgotla la Kgwele ya Dinao la Botswana le ne la leleka Tshosane, ka go re "o paletswe ke go fitlhelela maikaelelo a a neng a a beetswe". Morago ga moo ba ne ba thapa Moesemane Peter Butler ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone .<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26122912 "Butler appointed as Botswana coach"]. ''BBC''. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> === Metshameko ya Dikoloi === Kalahari Botswana 1000 Desert Race ke kgaisano ya sekaka e e tshwerweng go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe .<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/24442518 Botswana sack coach Tshosane"]. ''BBC''. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Ke motshameko wa maemo a a kwa godimo wa South African Rally Cross Country Series. === Golf === Lekgotla la Botswana Golf Union le na le lekgotla la go tshameka kolofo la batho ba ba ratang go tshameka kolofo le mo go lone batho ba ba ratang go tshameka kolofo ba gaisanang mo dikgaisanong le mo dikgaisanong. === Rugby === Setlhopha sa Botswana se ne sa tshameka motshameko wa sone wa ntlha wa boditšhabatšhaba ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola ga supa,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borataro, kgatlhanong le [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe,]] se ne sa fenngwa ka lekgolo le masome a mararo go ya go lesome. Phenyo ya bone ya ntlha e ne ya tla ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe mo motshamekong kgatlhanong le Swaziland, ba fenya ka lesome le boraro go ya go tse tharo. Gape ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe ba ne ba tsaya karolo mo dikgaisanong tsa kwa Aforika tsa go tsenela Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Rugby sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro kwa Australia. Ka ngwaga wa idkete tse pedi le bone Botswana e ne ya fenya dikgaisano di le nne tsa boditšhabatšhaba ka go latelana, e fenya Tanzania, Swaziland, Nigeria le Mali. Morago ga moo Botswana e ne ya tsaya karolo mo dikgaisanong tsa Afrika tsa go tsenela Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Rugby sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa kwa Fora. Ba ne ba kgobokanngwa mo South Pool ya Round 1a, mmogo le ditšhaba tsa Zambia le Swaziland. Mo motshamekong wa bone wa ntlha kgatlhanong le [[Zambia]] kwa Lusaka, ba ne ba fenngwa ka masome a mabedi le borobabobedi go ya go masome a mabedi le bone. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110930114318/http://www.irb.com/unions/union=11000042/index.html "www.irb.com".] Archived from the original on 2011-09-30.</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, ba ne ba fenya motshameko wa bone wa bobedi ka lesome le borobabongwe go ya go lesome le bobedi kgatlhanong le Swaziland kwa Botswana. Ba ne ba fetsa ba le mo maemong a bobedi mme ba se ka ba fetela mo kgaisanong e e latelang. Rugby union mo Botswana e na le batshameki ba ba kwadisitsweng ba le dikete tse thararo le makgolo a robabobedi le botlhano. Le fa go ntse jalo, go nna gaufi ga Botswana le morafe o mogolo o o tshamekang rugby wa [[Aforika Borwa]], le go gaisana le [[Zimbabwe]] mo dikopanong tsa mafatshe di le pedi, go dirile gore Botswana e nne le bajanala ba ba etelang mafatshe a mangwe le merafe e mengwe ya Aforika. 2<ref>''Bath, Richard (ed.) The Complete Book of Rugby''. 1997. [[:en:Special:BookSources/1862000131|ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>1862000131</bdi>.]]</ref> === Squash === [[Mokgatlho wa Botswana Squash Rackets Association]] ke mokgatlho wa bosetšhaba wa [[Squash]] mo Botswana <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210506101415/http://botswanasquash.co.bw/ "Botswana Squash Rackets Association - BSRA".] botswanasquash.co.bw. Retrieved 2015-07-30.</ref>mme botsalano jwa ona jwa kgaolo ke Squash Federation of Africa. Botswana Squash Rackets Association e emetswe ke [[Alister Walker]],<ref>Info, Squash. [https://www.squashinfo.com/player-52 "Squash Info | Alister Walker | Squash".] ''www.squashinfo.com''. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> [[Lekgotla Mosope]],<ref>Info, Squash. [https://www.squashinfo.com/player/847-lekgotla-mosope "Squash Info | Lekgotla Mosope | Squash".] ''www.squashinfo.com''. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Jason Boyle le Theo Pelonomi. === Go thuma === Mokgatlho wa [[Botswana Swimming Sport Association]] ke mokgatlho wa bosetšhaba o o laolang metshameko ya go thuma mo [[Botswana|Botswana.]] <ref>[http://www.fina.org/H2O/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=444:bot-botswana&catid=91:africa&Itemid=638 "Botswana Swimming Sport Association"]. FINA. Retrieved 2013-08-01.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Junior Tennis Team training.jpg|thumb|Botswana Junior Tennis Team ba ikatisetsa metshameko ya bone e e tlang]] Mo dingwageng di le mmalwa tse di fetileng, Botswana e ntse e le mo maemong a a lesome a a kwa godimo mo Aforika mo motshamekong wa tenese wa bana ba bannye. Ga jaana motshameki yo o beilweng kwa godimo ke wa boraro mo Aforika mo setlhopheng sa dingwaga tse lesoem le borataro le tse di kwa tlase. [[Mokgatlho wa Botswana wa Tennis]] o na le lenaneo le le rulagantsweng sentle la go godisa bašwa le le ikaeletseng go godisa motshameko wa tenese kwa tlase. Lenaneo le le amogela tshegetso e ntsi go tswa go BNSC, ITF le batsayakarolo ba bangwe ka gore madi a ba a abang a dirisediwa go diragatsa lenaneo le. Ga jaana lenaneo le le anamisitswe go ralala lefatshe go ya kwa dikolong tse di potlana di le mmalwa.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/MeanwhileInBotswana/posts/442067662496893 "The Botswana Tennis Association is... - Meanwhile In Botswana | Facebook"]. Facebook. Retrieved 2015-08-01.</ref> == Metswedi == == Metswedi == dm5ktodjta4mziq3g0i6uo90j2gl8ob 0 14564 53865 52950 2026-08-03T12:19:53Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53865 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mmamabula''' ke lefelo kakanyetso la moepo wa magala le lefelo le go fetlhiwang motlakase wa magala kwa botlhaba jwa tsela kgolo le mosele wa seporo mo [[Botswana]] fa gare ga [[Gaborone]] le [[Francistown]] le borwa jwa [[noka ya Serorome]].<ref name=":0">Horvei, Tore (17 July 2009). "Mmamabula Energy Project ("MEP"), Botswana – [https://www.sapp.co.zw/docs/Mmamabula%20RT%20Presentation%20july%202009.pdf "The Road to Financial Close""] (PDF). CIC Energy. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/300-m-dam-in-botswana-to-be-complete-by-2012-2010-07-16 "$300m dam in Botswana to be complete by 2012"]. ''Engineering News''. 16 July 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Lefelo le la go fetlha motlakase le tlaa bo le le gaufi le motse wa [[Mmaphashalala]].<ref name=":0" /> Le dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a mararo kwa bokone jwa toropokgolo Gaborone.<ref name=":1" /> == Moepo wa magala == Moepo wa Mmamabula o supiwa e le koketso e e kwa bophirima ya moepowa magala wa Waterberg kwa kgampung ya Ellisras kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], kwa botlhaba, o o nang le masome a mane mo lekgolong la metswedi ya magala ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":2">CIC Energy (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20101106124458/http://www.cicenergycorp.com/project/mmamabula_coalfield/ "Mmamabula Coalfield".] Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> CIC Energy ya [[Canada]] e ne e na le diteseletso di le pedi mo moepong wa magala e ne ya epa go sekaseka fa gare ga dingwaga tsa dikete pedi le botlhano le dikepe pedi lesome le bobedi. Dintlha tsa moepo wa magala o CIC Energy e neng e na le diteseletso tsa one di akanyediwa di na le magala a a bolelo a a siametseng go rekisiwa a ka nna bokete jwa di thane di le dibilone di le pedi le bone, go fetlha motlakase mo gae le go moafatsa magala. A a fitlhetsweng kwa Central Block a ka nna dithane di le didikadike di le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro, kwa Western Block didikadike di le makgolo a marataro, masome a mane le boraro, le sekete, makgolo a mararo, masome a robabongwe le bobedi jwa didikadike kwa Eastern Block.<ref name=":3">CIC Energy (February 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20101106124458/http://www.cicenergycorp.com/project/mmamabula_coalfield/ "Mmamabula Coalfield".] Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> South Block, e e ka fa ntlhang tsotlhe tsa tsela le seporo, e akanyediwa e tshwara makgolo a mararo, lesome le motso la didikadike tsa dithane tsa magala.<ref name=":2" /> == Leano la pele la moepo le go fetlha motlakase == Moepo wa kakanyetso wa Serorome o tlaa bo o le kwa Central Block, o ntsha dithane di le didikadike di le nne le bosupa ka ngwaga mo dingwageng di ka nna masome a mararo, e isa kwa Mmamabula e e nang le di megawattsa di le sekete, le makgolo a mabedi. Moepo o o butsweng o tlaa dirisiwa mo masomeng a mararo mo lekgolong la lefelo leo, mme le le setseng go tlaa dirisiwa moepo wa dikamore le dipilara.<ref name=":3" /> Metsi a a tswang mo letamong la Dikgatlhong, le le feditsweng ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi, a ne a solofetswe go isa metsi kwa moepong wa magala le lefelo la go fetlha motlakase le dirisa mosele wa [[North-South Carrier]].<ref>[https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/300-m-dam-in-botswana-to-be-complete-by-2012-2010-07-16 "$300m dam in Botswana to be complete by 2012".] ''Engineering News''. 16 July 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe, CIC Energy e ne ya itsise fa e beile monwana konteraka le Shanghai Electric go dira tiro ya boinjineere, theko le kago ya Mmamabula Energy Project (MEP), ka ditirelo tsa thekiso di solofetswe go simolola dingwaga di le nne morago ga go sena go baakangwa tsa madi. Kgwedi yone eo, CIC Energy e ne ya isa dikopo kwa [[Eskom]] ya Aforika Botwa le [[Koporase ya motlakase ya Botswana]] go di fa motlakase.<ref name=":4">CIC Energy (July 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120922235811/http://cicenergycorp.com/project/info_mmamabula/ "Mmamabula Energy Project".] Archived from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le ne le na le seelo sa letsatsi le le tlaa phatlalatsang leano la bone ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome. Se se tlaa baya pele leano la [[Aforika Borwa]] la go fitlhelela letlhoko le lesha la matla a motlakase go stwa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome leboraro le go ya pele, mo go neng go akanyediwa le tlaa akaretsa dikago le dikonteraka tsa puso le dikonetraka le CIC Energy. Lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le ne la re ga le kake la itlama mo tumalanong epe ya theko ya motlakase le CIC pele ga IRP e tlhomamisiwa. Tiego e tlaa ama lefatshe la Botswana, le le neng le tlhoka bontlha jwa dipoelo tsa lefelo leo go fitlhelela letlhoko.<ref>Benza, Brian (25 June 2010). [https://www.mmegi.bw/business/cic-still-bullish-about-mmamabula/news "CIC still bullish about Mmamabula".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> IRP e ne ya fediwa ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso. E ne e sa akaretse nako ya theko kwa Mmamabula pele ga ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabongwe, gape selekanyo se se tlaa rekiwang se tlaa nna kwa tlase ga di megawatts di le sekete le makgolo a mabedi. CIC Energy e ne ya patelesega go tshegetsa porojeke morago ga go beeletsa ka didkadike di feta lekgolo.<ref name=":4" /> == Ditlhabololo tse di diragetseng morago == Pele ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso go ne ga bigiwa fa JSW Energy ya India e tlaa okamela Mmamabula. Se se diragetse ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi. JSW Energy ke bontlha jwa Jindal Group, e modulasetilo wayone e leng Sajjan Jindal.<ref name=":5">Benza, Brian (24 August 2012a). [https://www.mmegi.bw/arts-culture/back-stage/news-28217 "Indian firm gets nod to buy Mmamabula".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Morago go ne ga nna le dipelaelo tsa gore ba China ba tlaa batla go e reka. Le fa go ntse jalo, letlhoko la seelo se se kwa godimo sa go goroga kwa didrisiweng tsa maemelo a dikepe e tlaa nna poelo morago mo thekisong ya magala<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/business/poor-service-is-not-peculiar-to-botswana/news "Takeover hopes brighten for Mmamabula, Mmamantswe"]. ''Mmegi Online''. 20 January 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref>. Patlisiso ya pele ya go aga dikago go rekisa dithane di le didkadike di le lesome tsa magala ka ngwaga go ralala Namibia di ne tsa fa kakanyetso ya dibilone di le pedi le botlhano go aga seporo se sesha sa boleele kwa dikhilomithara di le sekete, le makgolo a matlhano, le mosele wa magala o o lopang bilone e le nngwe, le maemelo a dikepe a masha kwa Luderitz kgotsa [[Walvis Bay]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211018011903/https://www.aurecongroup.com/projects/transport/pre-feasibility-study-for-the-export-of-coal-from-the-mmamabula-coal-fields "Pre-feasibility study for the export of coal from the Mmamabula Coal Fields, Botswana".] Aurecon Group Brand (Pte) Ltd. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> CIC Energy e ne ya tswelela ka go batla mopati kgotsa moreki. Ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi, mogwebi wa lotso lwa Dutch wa maatla a motlakase Vitol Energy ba ne ba tsaya 9.1% ya bontlha jwa CIC Energy, ba beeletsa madi a a neng a tlhokega thata a go dira.<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw//boyo-is-under-20-coach/news "Shot in the arm for Mmamabula".] ''Mmegi Online''. 29 March 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Ka teseletso ya CIC e tlhoka go ntshafadiwa, lephata la ditswammung, kgothetso le metsi le ne la batla batho ba ba ka tlhokomelang South Block le Central Block ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi. Mafelo a mabedi a a ne a na le magala a bokete jwa dithane di le makgolo a marataro le masome a supa. Ba ba supang kgatlhego ba tlaa sekasekiwa go ya ka gore ba ka simolola go diragatsa ka bofefo jo bo kae.<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/news/boko-tops-bnf-lobby-list/news "Scramble for Mmamabula licences draws 39 firms".] ''Mmegi Online''. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> Le fa go nste jalo, ka Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome lebobedi, puso e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go ntshafatsa teseletso ya CIC mo Central Block, e e nang le dithane di le didikadike di le makgolo a mararo, masome a marataro le motso. Morago ga beke, lekgotla la Competititon Authority le ne la tlhomamisa kakanyetso ya gore CIC Energy e tsewe ke Jondal Steel and Power. Jindal e tlhoka magala a mantis thata go dirisiwa kwa mafelong a phetlho motlakase a India. Jindal Steel and Power, e modulasetilo wa yone e leng Naveen Jindal, ke bontlha jwa setlhopha sa Jindal Group.<ref name=":5" /> Ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi go ne ga itsisiwe fa Jindal Steel and Power e fetsa theko ya didikadike di le lekgolo, lesome le borataro jwa di dolara ya CIC Energy, e tsaya ditshwanelo tsa yone mo moepong wa magala. Jindal e ne ya re e akanyetsa go beeletsa ka madi a di dolara a le didikadike di le makgolo a supa go tlhabolola moepo wa magala le lefelo la go fetlha motlakase la di megawatts di le makgolo a mararo. Gape e tlaa tlhabolola dithekiso tsa magala, ka seporo go ya Mozambique. Tumalano e ne e ka diragala fela fa tona wa ditwammung, kgothetso le mesti a dumalana.<ref>Benza, Brian (7 September 2012b). [https://www.mmegi.bw/arts-culture/back-stage/news-27012 "Indian firm to invest P5bn to develop Mmamabula"]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> == Manganga == Ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi, David Wheeler wa Center fo Global Development o ne a gatisa pampiri e e sekasekang phefo ya carbon dioxide e e ntshiwang ke lefelo la phetlho motlakase la Mmamabula, le [[World Bank]] e neng e akanyetsa go le ntshetsa madi. O ne a tshwantshanya tlhwatlhwa ya motlakase le motlakase o o phepa, mme a bona fa masome a mararo le botlhano a ka dira gore motlakase wa letsatsi o nne botoka mo itsholelong. O ne a gakolola gore mpho ya madi go tswa kwa Bank's Clean Technology Fund mo diporojekeng tsa mofyuta o e le botoka go na le kadimo ya madi go epa magala mo go ikgatholosang tlhwatlhwa mo tikologong.<ref>Wheeler, David (15 February 2008). [https://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/15401 "Crossroads at Mmamabula: Will the World Bank Choose the Clean Energy Path? - Working Paper 140".] Center for Global Development. Retrieved 22 July 2026</ref> == Metswedi == j7ovapsq42bt4d3skl0l5g3srmb5ju6 0 14574 53867 53000 2026-08-03T12:35:50Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53867 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mokgatho wa Botswana Cricket''' (BCA) ke lekgotla la semmuso le le laolang motshameko wa kerikete mo Botswana. Ntlokgolo ya yone e kwa motsemogolo Gaborone, kwa Botswana Cricket Association Oval. E tshwaragane le [[Lekgotla la Bosetšhaba la Metshameko la Botswana]] (BNSC) le Komiti ya [[Bosetšhaba ya Diolimpiki ya Botswana]] (BNOC). E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro , BCA e ntse e le leloko la [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi, mme e ne e le mongwe wa maloko a le matlhano a a simolotseng Mokgatho wa African Cricket ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa .<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190104125515/http://www.cricketbotswana.org/about-bca/ About BCA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104125515/http://www.cricketbotswana.org/about-bca/|date=4 January 2019}} – cricketbotswana.org. Retrieved 15 April 2016.</ref> == Ditso == Rekoto ya ntlha e e supilweng ya khirikete e tlhagelela mo serapeng se se mo kgatisong ya The White Tide ya ga David Sinclair (2000), e e tlhalosang motshameko wa khirikete o o neng wa tshamekiwa kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa kwa motseng o o bidiwang Shoshong fa gare ga "Ba-Home-Born" le "Ba-Colonials". Motshameko o ne wa simololwa ka tsela e e rulagantsweng thata morago ga boipuso ka Lwetse 1966, segolo thata ke bajaki go tswa kwa Boritane, Aforika Borwa, India, Pakistan le Sri Lanka ba ba neng ba dira mo nageng. Lekgotla la Botswana la Kherikhethe le ne la tlhamiwa ka kgwedi Tlhakole e robabobedi,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160812104324/http://www.cricketbotswana.org/about-bca/cricket-and-botswana/ Botswana Cricket History".] Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.</ref> == Metswedi == e2u9ysdtuzwenlu74yjz1j5dlwq17jk 0 14581 53879 53246 2026-08-03T16:49:43Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53879 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Setlhopha sa motshameko wa Cricket sa Botswana''' ke setlhopha sa banna se se emelang Botswana mo motshameko wa Cricket kgwele ya boditšhabatšhaba. E ntse e le leloko la [[International Cricket Council (ICC)]] fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005), morago ga go nna leloko la affiliate fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001)<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Countries/103.html "The Home of CricketArchi]ve". ''cricketarchive.co.uk''. Retrieved 3 January 2017</ref>le leloko la associate ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2017).<ref>[https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/422449 "Ireland and Afghanistan ICC newest full members amid wide-ranging governance reform"]. ''International Cricket Council''. 22 June 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2018.</ref>Ba mo Division Five ya [[World Cricket League]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110524030159/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES/articles/000045/004501.shtml Jersey to host World Cricket League Division Five] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524030159/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES/articles/000045/004501.shtml|date=24 May 2011}}, ICC Media Release</ref>mme ba mo maemong a bo masome a mabedi le borobabongwe lefatshe ka bophara ke ICC. Ke setlhopha sa bo tlhano sa maemo a a kwa godimo mo kgaolong ya Aforika. Mogokgo wa setlhopha ke motshameki wa maloba wa ODI wa kwa [[Kenya]] Joseph Angara, yo o neng a tlhophiwa ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015).<ref>Deepak Madangarli (19 August 2015)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180901221204/http://www.cricketbotswana.org/news/2015/08/19/bca-activities-update/ . BCA Activities Updat]e {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901221204/http://www.cricketbotswana.org/news/2015/08/19/bca-activities-update/|date=1 September 2018}} – Botswana Cricket Association. Retrieved 25 August 2015.</ref> == Ditso == Cricket e simolotse mo nageng ka batswagosele go tswa mo [[Afrika Borwa]] le mo [[kontinenteng ya India]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060217104503/http://www.cricketfundas.com/africa/botswana.html]{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20060217104503/http://www.cricketfundas.com/africa/botswana.html History of cricket in Botswana]}}</ref> Botswana e ne ya tlhophiwa go nna leloko la ICC ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le motso (2001),<ref name=":0">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Countries/103.html "The Home of CricketArchive".] ''cricketarchive.co.uk''. Retrieved 3 January 2017.</ref> mme ya tshameka mo Sejaneng sa Aforika kwa Zambia ngwaga o o latelang. Morago ga go fenya metshameko yotlhe ya bona ya motshameko wa ntlha kgatlhanong le Namibia, [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]] le [[Zimbabwe,]] ba ne ba fenya [[Kenya]] mo semi-final pele ba fenngwa ke [[South Africa]] ka 270 runs mo makgaolakgannyeng. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120612095304/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2002/TOURNAMENTS/AFRICACUP/about.shtml "2002 Africa Cup at CricketEurope".] Archived from the original on 12 June 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2007.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone(2004), ba ne ba fenya kgaisano ya ditlhopho tsa maloko a Aforika tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005) ICC Trophy, ba ba tsenya mo kgatong e e latelang ya ditlhopho, [[African Cricket Association Championships]]. Ba ne ba fenya Nigeria le Tanzania mo kgaisanong eo kwa Zambia ka kgwedi ya Phatwe, ba fetsa mo maemong a bone, ka jalo ba latlhegelwa ke go tsenela [[ICC Trophy]] ya bone ya ntlha. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110524025516/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/ICCT2005/DATABASE/QUALIFYING/africa.shtml "2005 ICC Trophy African qualifying at the tournament's official website"]. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2007.</ref>Ba ne ba duelelwa tiragatso ya bone mo kgaisanong eno ka go tlhatlosediwa go nna maloko a a kopaneng a ICC ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005). <ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), ba ne ba tsaya karolo mo kgaisanong ya bobedi ya kgaolo ya Afrika ya World Cricket League, ba fetsa ba le mo maemong a bobedi morago ga Tanzania.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070116192748/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2006/TOURNAMENTS/WCLAFRICA2/about.shtml 2006 WCL Africa Region Division Two] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116192748/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2006/TOURNAMENTS/WCLAFRICA2/about.shtml|date=16 January 2007}} at CricketEurope</ref> Se se ne sa ba kgontsha go tsenela Division Five ya [[World Cricket League.]] Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi( 2008), Botswana e ne ya ya kwa Jersey go tsaya karolo mo kgaisanong ya Division Five. Le fa Botswana e ne ya fenya Bahamas mo setlhopheng sa B, e ne e le phenyo ya bone e le nngwe fela mo kgaisanong ya ditlhopha mme ka go fenngwa gararo le motshameko o le mongwe o o neng wa tlogelwa ka ntlha ya pula, ba ne ba retelelwa ke go fitlha kwa makgaolakgannyeng. Botswana e ne ya fetsa e le mo maemong a borataro morago ga go fenya Jeremane mme ya fenngwa ke Singapore mo metshamekong ya playoff. E re ka go ne go na le ditlhopha di le pedi fela tse di neng di le kwa godimo mo kgaisanong eno tse di neng tsa kgona go tsenela kgaisano ya Division Four kwa Tanzania moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, Botswana e ne ya latlhegelwa ke tshono ya go tsaya toro ya bone ya Sejana sa Lefatshe sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011) go ya kwa pele.<ref>[http://www.cricinfo.com/wcl/engine/match/349866.html, Cricinfo, Accessed 2 September 2009]</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008), Botswana e ne ya tsaya karolo mo kgaisanong ya bobedi ya kgaolo ya Aforika ya World Cricket League, ya fetsa e sa fenngwa mme ya fenya kgaisano. Phenyo e e ne ya ba tlhatlosetsa kwa Division One ya Kgaolo ya Afrika.<ref>, [http://www.cricinfo.com/wcl/engine/series/418156.html Cricinfo], Accessed 1 November 2008</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), Botswana e ne ya ya kwa Singapore go tsenela [[Division Six ya World Cricket League]]. Le fa Botswana e ne e na le kgaisano mo metshamekong e le mentsi, e ne ya fenya e le nngwe fela mo metshamekong e le metlhano ya setlhopha mme ya fetsa e le mo maemong a botlhano morago ga go fenya Norway mo kgaisanong ya makgaolakgang.<ref>[http://www.cricinfo.com/wcl/engine/series/418156.html Cricinfo], Accessed 18 September 2009</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011), Botswana e ne ya nna moamogedi wa [[ICC World Cricket League Division]] Seven le setlhopha se se santseng se le sennye mme ya dira sentle thata, ya fenya metshameko e le meraro ya kgaisano kgatlhanong le Norway, Japane le Jeremane mme ya fenngwa ke bafenyi ba Kuwait, ba ba beileng [[Nigeria]] mo maemong a bobedi mme kwa bofelong ya fenngwa ke Jeremane mo motshamekong o o neng wa ba baya mo maemong. Motshameko kgatlhanong le [[Nigeria]] mo metshamekong ya kgwele ya dinao e ne e le go swetsa gore ke sefe sa ditšhaba tse 2 se se tla tswelelang kwa kgaisanong ya [[ICC World Cricket League Division S]]<nowiki/>ix e e tla tshwarelwang kwa Malaysia ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011)-+ mme ka go latlhegelwa ke motshameko oo, Botswana e paletswe ke go tswelela pele mme e tla sala mo kgaisanong ya bosupa go fitlha kgaisanong e e latelang ya ICC WCL. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013), Botswana e ne ya fiwa ditshwanelo tsa go tshola gape ICC World Cricket League Division 7 mo lekgetlong la bone la bobedi go leka go tlhatlogela kwa ntle ga Division 7 morago ga go emisa go wa ga kgaogano mo kgatisong e e fetileng. Botswana e ne ya fenya Ghana mo motshamekong wa ntlha, mme ya latlhegelwa ke motshamekô wa bobedi mo kgaisanong e e neng e le kgatlhanong le Vanuatu ka maemô a le masome a mararo . Botswana e ne ya latlhegelwa ke motshameko wa boraro o o latelang thata go tswa mo go bafenyi ba WCL Div 7 le ba ba leng kgatlhanong le Nigeria. Botswana e ne ya leka go boela gape mo kgaisanong ya go tlhatlogela kwa godimo mme morago ga motshameko o o neng o bapile ka go tshwana le Jeremane, ditsholofelo tsotlhe tsa bone di ne tsa fela mme ba ne ba ka solofela fela go nna mo maemong a boraro. Se se ne sa fitlhelelwa ka go fenya Fiji mo motshamekong wa bofelo wa setlhopha mme morago ga moo ba ba fenya gape mo motshamekong wa makgaolakgannyeng wa go bona maemo a boraro mme ba dira gore Botswana e bone maemo a boraro, ba feleletsa ba le kwa morago ga Vanuatu le Nigeria tse ka bobedi di neng di tlhatlogetse kwa Division 6 ya WCL. Morago ga tshwetso ya ICC ya go fedisa dikgaolo tsa bosupa le borobabobedi tsa ICC World Cricket League, Botswana jaanong e tla tshwanelwa ke go tsenela dikgaisano tsa dikgaolo go tsena mo kgaolong ya borataro ya [[ICC World Cricket League]], e jaanong e tla nnang lefelo la go tsenela World Cricket League. === 2018 - go fitlha jaanong === Ka Moranang ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), ICC e ne ya swetsa go naya maloko otlhe a yone maemo a [[T20 International (T20I]]). Ka jalo, metshameko yotlhe ya Twenty20 e e tshamekiwang magareng ga Botswana le maloko a mangwe a ICC go tloga ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e thola bongwe ,ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019) e na le maemo a T20I ka botlalo.<ref>[https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/672322 "All T20 matches between ICC members to get international status".] ''International Cricket Council''. 26 April 2018. Retrieved 1 September 201</ref> Motshameko wa Botswana wa ntlha wa T20I e ne e le kgatlhanong le [[Ugand]]<nowiki/>a ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le masome a mabedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), morago ga go fetsa kwa setlhopheng sa kwa pele sa kwa kgaolong ya kwa borwa, ba ya kwa makgaolakgannyeng a kgaolo ya 2018-19 ICC [[World Twenty20 Africa Qualifier]].<ref>[https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/896163 "Botswana and Namibia seal passage into Africa Finals".] ''International Cricket Council''. Retrieved 3 November 2018.</ref> == Metswedi == h230p6vzhrt08p35mtcl1fvyh07chqn 0 14590 53884 53046 2026-08-03T18:12:35Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53884 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Top Gear: Botswana Special''' ke karolo ya thulaganyo ya BBC ya Top Gear, mme e ne ya gasiwa la ntlha mo BBC Two ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e thola one ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007), jaaka karolo ya kgaolo ya bone ya [[Series 10]]. Kgatiso e e kgethegileng e bona baamogedi, [[Jeremy Clarkson]], [[Richard Hammond]] le [[James May,]] ba ya kwa Botswana ka koloi e mongwe le mongwe wa bone a e rekileng kwa Afrika ka madi a a kwa tlase ga £1500, go supa gore ba ka kgona go feta di-SUV go kgweetsa mo "ditselaneng tse di nang le matlhare". The Botswana Special e ne ya gololwa jaaka karolo ya 2-disc DVD boxset mmogo le Top Gear: Vietnam Special ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mabedi le boraro ka ngwagawa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe(2009). Tiragalo e e kgethegileng e gopolwa thata ka [[Richard Hammond]] yo o neng a rata koloi e a neng a e tlhophile, e leng Opel Kadett ya ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borrao(1963) e e neng e bidiwa "Oliver", e a neng a e busetsa kwa UK morago ga go fetsa go e tsaya ditshwantsho, mme e sa ntse e le ya gagwe. == Tshobokanyo == === Kgato ya ntlha: molelwane wa Zimbabwe go ya kwa Makgadikgadi === Go bona gore a batho ba kwa Surrey ba ka kgona go tsamaya mo ditseleng tse di nang le matlhare a mantsi ka sengwe se sele e seng koloi ya 4x4, batlhagisi ba gwetlha Clarkson, [[Hammond]] le May go kgweetsa go ralala Botswana ka dikoloi tse di dirisitsweng tse di rekilweng mo Afrika. Mongwe le mongwe o ne a fiwa £1,500, ba ne ba bolelelwa gore koloi e ba e tlhophileng e tshwanetse go nna ya maotwana a le mabedi mme e sa direlwa go dirisiwa mo tseleng ya botlhe  ⁇  May o swetsa go reka koloi ya 1985 Mercedes-Benz 230E ka ntlha ya gore ke koloi e Afrika e e ratang le go e rata, Clarkson o tlhopha go reka koloi ya 1981 ya Lancia Beta Coupé ka ntlha ya hisetori ya Lancia ya mabelo a di-rally, fa Hammond ene a tlhopha Opel Kadett ya 1963. Fa ba goroga kwa lefelong le Botswana e simololang go tswa mo go lone gaufi le molelwane wa Zimbabwe (e ka nako eo, e neng e thibetse BBC go tsaya ditshwantsho mo melelwaneng ya yone), ba bararo bano ba ne ba utlwa gore dikoloi tsa bone di ne di tla tsewa mo loetong lwa dikilometara di le 1 600, go ya kwa molelwaneng o o kwa bokone wa Botswana le Namibia. Fa ba simolola motshameko wa bone wa ntlha, ba bararo bano ba senola gore koloi nngwe le nngwe ya bone e na le diphoso dingwe mo go yone. Clarkson o supa gore di-dial le dikarolo di le mmalwa di ne di robegile, May o na le palo e nnye ya dikarolo tse di neng di sa dire, fa Hammond a lemoga gore mariki a gagwe a dira fela mo leotwaneng le le lengwe mme go na le monko wa peterolo mo koloing ya gagwe. Hammond le ene o simolola go rata koloi eo, a e bitsa "Oliver", mme o tshaba gore Clarkson le May ba tla mo ja ditshego ka go dira jalo. Fa ba ntse ba tswa mo tseleng ya sekontere mme ba tsena mo ditseleng tsa mmu, koloi ya ga Hammond e a robega, ka jalo ba bararo ba lemoga gore fa koloi ya bone e sa kgone go simolola gape morago ga go robega, ba tla tshwanelwa ke go feleletsa loeto ka koloi ya bone e ba sa e rateng go le kalo - [[Volkswagen Beetle.]] Fa ba sena go baakanya koloi ya ga Hammond, ba tswelela pele, mme go ise go ye kae ba fitlha kwa lefelong la bothibelelo kwa ntlheng ya [[Makgadikgadi Pan.]] === Kgato ya bobedi: Makgadikgadi go ya Kalahari === Fa ba goroga kwa Makgadikgadi, ba bararo ba ba ba ithutang gore ka letsatsi le le latelang ba tla bo ba tsamaya mo go yone ka malatsi a le mabedi, mme ka jalo ba gakololwa go apola le go fokotsa dikoloi tsa bone ka fa go ka kgonegang ka teng go di thibela go thuba ka letlapa le le borethe la kwa godimo la dipanana tsa letswai. Mo bosigong joo, May le Clarkson ba tlosa ditulo, digaretene le diphanele, mmogo le difensetere le dikarolo tse dingwe, go fitlha dikoloi tsa bone di fokoditswe go nna dikgofa tsa motheo, fa Hammond, yo o godileng a tshwaragane le koloi ya gagwe, a sa batle go dira jalo, mme mo boemong jwa moo o tlhopha go tlosa thaere ya go itshireletsa fela le karolo e e sa tlhalosiwang. Pele ga ba tsamaya, ba bararo bano ba etelwa ke [[Ian Khama]], yo ka nako eo e neng e le motlatsa-moporesidente wa Botswana, yo o kgatlhilweng ke dithulaganyo tsa ba bararo bano tsa go kgweetsa go kgabaganya dipanana, mme e seng dikoloi tsa bone. Fa ba kgabaganya dipane mo loetong lwa bone lwa malatsi a le mabedi, ba ne ba tswelela pele ka iketlo, go fitlha Clarkson le May ba lemoga gore dikoloi tsa bone di epa mo godimo ga Pan, ba patelesega go kopa thuso go tswa mo setlhopheng sa baesekopo le setlhopha sa tshegetso go ba ntsha le go phepafatsa maotwana a bone a "matlakala a pele ga ditso", pele ba tlosa dikoloi tsa bone tsa dikarolo tse dingwe go akaretsa le dikgoro le sekhurumelo sa koloi. Le mororo go na le mathata a mangwe gape ka fa godimo ga lewatle, kgabagare le a nonofa, mme le ba letla go fitlha kwa go sengwe sa ditlhaketlhake tsa ga Pan le kwa lefelong la bone le le latelang la go kampa. Ka letsatsi la bobedi, ba bararo ba ithuta gore ba tla kopana le sefefo sa lerole, se se tlhagisang bothata jo bogolo mo go May le Clarkson, jaaka ba tlhagetswe ke sone, ba patelesega go apara gape gore ba tile go kgangwa ke metsi; go ba tena, Hammond ga a tlhoke go tsaya dikgato tse di jalo ka ntlha ya gore koloi ya gagwe ga e a fetolwa. Morago ga go fenya sefefo, Clarkson o fitlhela koloi ya gagwe e robega gabedi mme o tshwanelwa ke go baakanya Lancia fa a le mo tseleng. Kgabagare boraro jwa bone ba kgona go fitlha kwa ntlheng e nngwe mme ba tlhoma bothibelelo kwa ntlheng ya [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]]. === Kgato ya boraro: Kalahari go ya Maun === Fa ba goroga kwa motsaneng mongwe kwa Kalahari, ba bararo bano ba bolelelwa gore dikoloi tsa bone di tla lebana le teko ya nako nngwe le nngwe mo tseleng e e dirilweng ka tsela e e kgethegileng e e tswang mo nokeng e e omileng e e fa gaufi, mme koloi nngwe le nngwe e tla kgweediwa ke "motswala wa ga Stig wa Moafrika". Pele Lancia e ya kwa kgaisanong, e a robega gape mme e tshwanelwa ke go baakanngwa pele ga e ya kwa go ba bangwe. Mo tseleng, Opel e itshupa e le koloi e e siameng mme e dira nako ya 1:12, fa Mercedes ya ga May yone e dira botoka mme e dira nako ya 1:06. Le fa go ntse jalo, koloi ya ga Clarkson ga e kgone go simolola morago ga go thuthafala thata, mme seno se dira gore ntsalae Stig a tsamaye. Fa a ntse a letile gore e tsidifale, Clarkson o lemoga bothata jo bosha - Lancia le Opel ya ga Hammond di dirisa peterolo e e nang le lloto, e bile di setse di feditse peterolo e di neng di e tshotse. E re ka dikoloi tsa badiri ba ba dirang filimi eno di kgweediwa ka peterole ya disele, tsela e le nngwe fela e ba bararo bano ba ka e dirisang ke go kgabaganya noka ya Kalahari ka tsela e e tlhamaletseng go ya kwa toropong ya Maun. Fa ba ntse ba kgweetsa mo tseleng e e seng ya mmila, koloi ya ga May ya Mercedes e ne ya kgoreletsega mo motlhabeng, mme seo sa dira gore a dirise maje go dira gore dithaere tsa yone di kgone go tsamaya. Fa go nna bosigo, ba bararo bano ba iphitlhela ba le mo tseleng e e yang kwa [[Maun,]] mme alternator ya Opel e emisa go bereka mme e dira gore go nne thata go dirisa dipone tsa kwa pele, e pateletsa Hammond go tlisa mongwe wa badiri ba filimi mo sekepeng le go dirisa lobone go bonesa tsela e e fa pele ga gagwe. Le fa go na le mathata, dikoloi tseno tsotlhe tse tharo di goroga kwa seteisheneng sa peterole mo toropong go tla go tlatsa peterole pele ga di robala. === Kgato ya bonè: Delta ya Okavango === Mo mosong o o latelang, fa baboledi ba ntse ka kwa ntle ga resetšhurente nngwe mo bogareng jwa Maun, ba bolelelwa gore dikoloi tsa bone jaanong di tla ya kwa [[Okavango Delta]], e ba tla e kgabaganyang mo malatsing a mararo a a latelang ba le mo tseleng go ya kwa moleng wa go fetsa kwa molelwaneng o o kgabaganyang le [[Namibia, Land of the Brave|Namibia]]. Go ipaakanyetsa loeto, Clarkson le May ba tshwanetse go dira gore dikoloi tsa bone di se ka tsa tsenwa ke diphologolo ka didirisiwa tse di farologaneng tse ba neng ba ka di bona, ka sekhurumelo sa koloi le lebati le le kwa morago le le bonweng mo Mercedes ka nako ya tiro pele ga e tsenngwa ka mabati a tshipi a a nang le diphatlha, fa Clarkson ene a tsenya Lancia ya gagwe ka lebati la logong le le nang le diphuka tsa phokojwe, sebuelagodimo le thulaganyo ya difouno tsa seatla, mme a bo a tswala lebati le lengwe ka dithini tsa dino tse di dirisitsweng. Fa ba ntse ba fetola dikoloi, Clarkson le Hammond ba ne ba tsenya tshipi ya kgomo ka fa tlase ga koloi ya ga May, ba tsenya tlhogo ya kgomo mo teng ga koloi, ba bo ba tsenya nama e e sa butswang mo mafelong a a farologaneng a go iphitlha mo teng ga koloi; kwa morago ga tiragalo eno, ba ne ba kgalemelwa ke mokaedi wa lefelo leo ka go tsenya bone, May, le setlhopha sa baesekopo mo kotsing ya go tlhaselwa ke phologolo ka go leka motlae ono o o sa siamang.<ref>Top Gear: Ambitious but Rubbish (eBook), p. 76.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Gear:_Botswana_Special#cite_note-1]</ref>Ka dikoloi tse di fetotsweng, ba le bararo ba ya kwa Delta mme ka bonako fela ba tsena mo tseleng e e motlhaba, e e leswe fa ba tsena mo lefelong la Delta la go tsoma, mme morago ga moo Lancia e nna le mathata a mangwe fa sekgatshi se bulega mme ka ntlha ya seo ga e kgone go ema sentle. Le fa go ntse jalo, ba bararo bano ba konela letsatsi la bone ka go ipha nako ya go lebelela diphologolo di le mmalwa kwa sedibeng sa metsi, pele ga ba ya go thibelela bosigo le James a baakanya Mercedes ya gagwe le makheneke yo o phepafatsang a ntsha motlhaba mo go nngwe ya dikhabara tsa koloi ya ga Lancia. Mo letsatsing le le latelang, morago ga gore Hammond a baakanye seterena sa Opel morago ga gore karolo e e kwa tlase ya koloi e thulane le modi wa setlhare mo tseleng, setlhopha seno se lebana le go kgabaganya noka. Fa Hammond a ne a tlhopha go bona lefelo la go kgabaganya go ya kwa pele go bapa le dintshi, badirimmogo ba gagwe ba ne ba tlhopha go kgabaganya fa ba neng ba le teng; mogopolo o mongwe o ba bararo ba neng ba na le one wa go kgabaganya, o o neng o sa bontshiwa mo thelebišeneng, e ne e le go phuthela dikoloi mo serapeng, go di tsharolola ka mowa, mme morago ga moo ba di phaphametse go kgabaganya noka, mme seno se ne sa tlogelwa morago ga gore setlhopha se fetse diura di le tharo le halofo se leka. <ref>Top Gear: Ambitious but Rubbish (eBook), p.75–76.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Gear:_Botswana_Special#cite_note-2]</ref>Fa Clarkson le May ba ne ba atlega go kgabaganya le fa ba ne ba batlile ba kgorelediwa le go dira gore motsamaisi wa bone wa selegae a thunye diphatlha mo bodilong jwa koloi ya bone go gelela metsi go tswa mo teng, maiteko a ga Hammond a go kgabaganya noka ka tsela e e tshwanetseng a ne a dira gore Opel e nwele mo metsing mme e eme, e mo pateletsa gore a e goge. Ka ntlha ya tshenyo e e bakilweng ke metsi, Hammond o patelesega go fetsa bosigo jwa bobedi a baakanya enjene ya koloi ya gagwe le motlakase ka thuso ya bomakheneke ba setlhare go tswa mo setlhopheng sa tshegetso, fa ba bangwe ba kgweetsa go ya go tlhoma kampa. Mo mosong, ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba gakgamala tota fa Opel e boa e siame gape, e bile e na le lonaka lo lo baakantsweng. Fa ba le mo tseleng ya bofelo ya go ya kwa molelwaneng, ba bararo bano ba kgona go kgabaganya Delta, mme gone jaanong, go na le mathata a mangwe gape. ⁇  Koloi ya ga Hammond ya Opel ga e kitla e ema sentle fa a sa dirise mariki a seatla, fa Lancia yone e fapogela kafa mojeng. '''Karolo ya bofelo: Okavango Delta go ya kwa molelwaneng wa Namibia''' Fa kgabagare ba sena go tswa mo Delta, Clarkson le May ba tlosa disireletsi tsa diphologolo mo dikoloing tsa bone, mme ka nako eo Lancia e nna le bothata jo bongwe - solenoid ya go simolola koloi e ne ya thubega mme e tshwanetse go baakanngwa gore koloi e kgone go simolola gape. Le fa gone e kgona go tsamaya, ga e kgone go kgweetsa sepe fa e se fela ka kere ya bobedi. Kgabagare, koloi e a robega gape fa ba ntse ba le mo tseleng, mme seno se dira gore bontsi jwa badiri ba ba neng ba bereka mo go yone le ba ba neng ba dira mo difiliming ba e tlogele morago ka gonne ba lapisitswe ke mathata a e a bakileng. Clarkson o sala morago a na le bomakheneke ba le babedi fela ba ba tshwanetseng go baakanya mathata a le mmalwa a a ileng a tlhaga, go akaretsa le gore enjene e ne ya ema morago ga gore e simolole nako le nako fa e tsena mo kere ya boraro. Ka kgakgamatso, Lancia e kgona go tsamaya gape, mme e fitlha kwa molelwaneng wa Namibia, morago ga Hammond le May. Lancia e tlhalosiwa e le koloi e e maswe go di gaisa tsotlhe ka gonne e tlhola e baka mathata. Le fa Opel ya ga Hammond e ne e tlhoka go baakanngwa go le gonnye fela, mme Mercedes ya ga May e ne e se na mathata gotlhelele, Clarkson o ne a bolela gore Beetle ya gagwe e e neng e mo thusa e ne e le yone e e fentseng ka gonne e ne e sa fetolwa kgotsa e sa tlhagelwa ke kotsi epe fa e ntse e le mo tseleng. Ka tlotlo go [[Mobišopomogolo Desmond Tutu]], mofenyi wa Sekgele sa Nobel sa Kagiso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone (1984), ditlankana tsa bofelo di ne tsa emisetsa leina la ntlha la leloko lengwe le lengwe la setlhopha ka mafoko a a reng "Mobišopomogolo Desmond" (s.k. "Mopapa Desmond Clarkson, Mopapa Desmond Hammond, le Mopapa Desmond May..."). == Tlhagiso == Tiro ya go tsaya filimi e ne e akaretsa go rulaganya tsela e e neng e tshwanetse go tsewa go kgabaganya [[Makgadikgadi Pan;]] go ne ga dirisiwa dibeke di le mmalwa go leka go netefatsa gore dikoloi tse di neng di dirisiwa di ne di sa ye gope gaufi le mafelo a tshomarelo, mme setlhopha sa Top Gear se ne se dira le baitseanape ba tikologo mo thulaganyong. <ref name=":0">[https://www.sundaystandard.info/government-clears-octop-gearoco-of-damaging-salt-pans/ "Government clears "Top Gear" of damaging salt pans".] ''Sunday Standard''. Botswana. 18 July 2007. Retrieved 17 April 2019.</ref>Mo mosepeleng otlhe, setlhopha se ne sa salwa morago ke setlhopha sa tshegetso sa bomakheneke ba sekgwa ba ba neng ba thusa ka go baakanya dikoloi tsa bone, mme ba ne ba thusiwa kwa Okavango Delta ke motataisi wa seporofešenale, Clinton Edwards,<ref>[http://www.safarilifeafrica.com/private-guiding-filming/ "Private Pro Safari Guide | Filming Guide | Botswana & Zimbabwe".] ''Private Pro Safari Guide''. Retrieved 14 January 2021.</ref>ka tshegetso e nngwe ya logistic le go tsaya ditshwantsho e e tlametsweng ke Letaka Safaris<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120825093004/http://www.letakasafaris.com/about-letaka/film-crews/ "Film crew logistics and support in Botswana | Letaka Safaris".] ''Letaka Safaris''. 14 January 2021. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2021.</ref>le AfriScreen Films, ya bofelo e dirile tiro e ntsi le Yuniti ya Hisitori ya Tlhago ya BBC ka difilimi le dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa tlhago.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230405103026/http://www.afriscreen.com/what-weve-fixed---sequence-filming--facilitation.html "What we've fixed - Sequence Filming & Facilitation".] ''AfriScreen Films''. Retrieved 14 January 2021.</ref> === Morago ga go tsaya ditshwantsho === Fa go sena go wediwa go gatisiwa, Hammond o ne a swetsa ka gore, e re ka a ne a rata koloi ya gagwe thata, Opel ya gagwe e ne e tla boela gae le ene, mme o ne a simolola go e baakanya le go e romela kwa Boritane. E ne ya goroga ka nako e e tshwanetseng gore e bontshiwe kwa setudiong mo karolong ya bofelo ya motseletsele ono. Oliver o ne a tlhagelela ka nako ya HGV Challenge ya Series 12, Hammond's CBBC show, Richard Hammond's Blast Lab, le mo Hammond's Discovery+ series, Richard Hammond's Workshop. Beetle e ne ya abelwa mongwe wa bomakheneke ba ba neng ba bereka mo setlhopheng sa tshegetso, mme Mercedes yone e ne ya abelwa mogakolodi yo o neng a thusa fa go ntse go gatisiwa. Lancia, e kwa tshimologong go neng go dumelwa gore e ne ya latlhwa morago ga go gatisiwa ga filimi, e ne ya fitlhelwa e santse e le kwa Maun, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi ( 2020), e kopantswe gape le fa e ne e se na maotwana le dipone tsa yone tsa kwa pele. <ref>Acoba, Paulo (12 January 2021). [https://tiremeetsroad.com/2021/01/12/jeremy-clarksons-1981-lancia-beta-coupe-located-in-maun-botswana-with-proof-its-the-real-deal/ "Jeremy Clarkson's 1981 Lancia Beta Coupe located in Maun, Botswana with proof it's the real deal"]. ''Alt Car news''. Retrieved 14 January 2021</ref>Mo ngwageng o o latelang, Mercedes e ne ya fitlhelwa e santse e le kwa Maun mme e ne e lebega e tsosolositswe, le fa gone go ne go bonala sentle gore ga e ise e fudusiwe ka lobaka lo loleele.<ref>Chillingsworth, Luke (8 February 2021). "[https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/cars/1395010/top-gear-botswana-special-james-may-mercedes James May reacts to discovery of Top Gear Mercedes".] ''Express.co.uk''. Retrieved 23 August 2023.</ref> Bobedi Lancia le Mercedes di tlhagelela gape mo kgaolong ya bofelo ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024) ya The Grand Tour, "One for the Road". Kwa Maun, fa ba le mo tseleng go ya kwa Setlhaketlhakeng sa Kubu, Clarkson o bona dikoloi tseno ka bobedi di eme fa thoko ga tsela. Bobedi jwa tsone di itsiwe e le tsa ntlhantlha; Lancia ka ntlha ya "Lite Bite Cafe" e e kwadilweng mo letlhakoreng la molema la koloi le Mercedes ka ntlha ya kgono ya lebelo la botlhano mo lebokosong la dikere la lebelo la bonè. Lancia e na le maotwana mme e sa ntse e sena dipone tsa yone tsa kwa pele (e nngwe ya tsone e mo kgetsaneng ya ga Clarkson ka gonne o ne a e tsaya jaaka segopotso ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007) mme jaanong o e tsaya le ene mo loetong longwe le longwe). Mercedes eno e ne ya kopanngwa gape mme go bonala sentle gore dikoloi tseno ka bobedi ga di ise di ko di dirisiwe ka lobaka lo loleele. == Go tshwaiwa diphoso == [[Environmental Investigation Agency]] e ne ya tshwaya BBC phoso ka go letlelela Top Gear go tshameka difilimi kwa dipaneng tsa Makgadikgadi morago ga go gasiwa ga terama e e kgethegileng, ba bolela gore ba sentse dipanana tsa letswai tse di leng kotsi mo tikologong, ba oketsa ka gore ba bontshitswe "ba tlogela matshwao mo dipaneng tsa letswai tsa Makgadikgadi ka go kgweetsa dikoloi mo go tsone". Ka go araba se, BBC e ne ya gana ditatofatso tseo ka go bolela gore dikoloi tseo ga di a ka tsa ya gope gaufi le mafelo a tshomarelo, le gore di ne di latetse kgakololo ya bomankge ba tikologo,<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6281512.stm "Top Gear 'damaged African plains'"]. ''BBC News''. 8 July 2007. Retrieved 17 April 2019.</ref>ka puso ya Botswana e tla go sireletsa lenaneo ka go bolela gore batlhagisi ba Top Gear ba dirisitse nako e ntsi go netefatsa gore ga go na tshenyo e e dirilweng kwa nageng ka go dirisa dibeke tse dintsi ba rulaganya tsela e e maleba.<ref name=":0" /> == Go gatisiwa ga DVD == Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), BBC e ne ya golola dibokose tse pedi tsa disiki tse di bidiwang Top Gear - The Great Adventures 2, tse di nang le mefuta e e atolositsweng ya Botswana Special le [[Vietnam Special.]] Tshedimosetso eno e e kgethegileng e ne e na le ditshwantsho tse di phimotsweng le dikakgelo tsa motlhami yo o okametseng thulaganyo eno, e bong [[Andy Wilman.]] == Metswedi == 2gk0pcmdadfj3b55vqin29xoulz9l3c 0 14592 53868 53049 2026-08-03T12:37:30Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53868 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Statistics Botswana (StatsBots)]]''' ke ofisi ya bosetšhaba ya dipalopalo ya Botswana. Mokgatlho ono pele o ne o le ka fa tlase ga Lefapha la Ditšhelete le Dithulaganyo tsa Tlhabololo jaaka lefapha mme o ne o bidiwa Ofisi ya Bogareng ya Dipalopalo. Mokgatlho o simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bosupa (1967) ka Molao wa Palamente  ⁇  Molao wa Dipalopalo (Kgaolo 17) mme morago o ne wa fetolwa go nna semmuso ka Molao wa Dipalopalo o o tlhabolotsweng wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009).<ref>[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/documents/Statistics%20Act%202009.pdf "Statistics Act 2009"] (PDF). ''Statistics Botswana''</ref> Molao ono o naya Statistics Botswana taolelo le taolo ya go kgobokanya, go dira, go rulaganya, go sekaseka, go phasalatsa, go anamisa le go boloka dipalopalo tsa semmuso tsa bosetšhaba. Gape e na le maikarabelo a go "golaganya, go lekola le go okamela National Statistical System" kwa Botswana.<ref>[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/documents/Botswana%20Strategy%20for%20the%20%20Development%20of%20Statistics%20%20%28BSDS%29%20-%202015%20-%202020.pdf "Statistics Botswana website"] (PDF).</ref> <ref>''Botswana Strategy for the Development of Statistics (BSDS) - 2015 - 2020''. Statistics Botswana. 2015.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Botswana#cite_note-3]</ref>Ofisi e na le dikantoro tsa yona tse dikgolo kwa [[Gaborone]] le dikantoro tse pedi tsa sathalaete kwa Maun le Francistown. Dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa dipalopalo tse di tshwanetseng go kokoanngwa di akareditswe mo Molaong ono mme di tlhalositswe sentle. Dipalopalo tse dingwe tse di sa tlhalosiwang di ka kokoanngwa fa fela di batliwa ke Puso, batsayakarolo le badirisi. == Taolo ya semolao == Botsamaisi jwa Dipalopalo jwa Botswana bo dira Dipalopalo tsa Baagi le Matlo (PHC) ka fa tlase ga taolo ya didiriswa tse pedi tsa botlhokwa tsa semolao, e leng: * Molao wa Palo ya Batho (Cap 17:02) wa 1904 * Molao wa Dipalopalo (Cap 17:01) wa 2009 <ref>[https://botswanalaws.com/alphabetical-list-of-statutes/statistics "e-Botswana Laws"]</ref> Dithulusu tsa semolao di tlhalosa gore palo ya batho ba Botswana e tshwanetse go dirwa dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le lesome le go balwa ga batho le dipatlisiso tse dingwe tse di tlhokegang. Molao wa Dipalopalo wa 2009 o letlelela Mogolwane wa Dipalopalo go nna le phitlhelelo ya direkoto (data ya tsamaiso, tshedimosetso ya madi, tshedimosetso ya thutafatshe, jalo le jalo) go tswa kwa ditheong tse dingwe tse di tlhagisang dipalopalo. Molao wa Dipalopalo wa ngwaga wa diketee tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009) o tlamela ka sephiri le go senola tshedimosetso. Badiri botlhe ba Statistics Botswana, go akaretsa le ba ba dirang ka konteraka le Statistics Botswana ba ikanne go boloka sephiri gore ba se ka ba senola tshedimosetso epe fela e ba e boneng ka ntlha ya tiro ya bone (Karolo ya bo masome a mabedi ) ya Molao mme gape Molao o rulagantse dikotlhao. Mo godimo ga moo, == Go kokoanya tshedimosetso == Go kgobokanya tshedimosetso ke thulaganyo ya go kgobokanya tshedimosetso ka maikaelelo a go lekanya tshedimosetso ka dilo tse di farologaneng tse o di kgatlhegelang ka mokgwa o o tlhomameng o o dirang gore motho a kgone go araba potso ya patlisiso e e boletsweng, a leke dikakanyo le go sekaseka dipholo. Tshedimosetso e kgobokediwa ka mekgwa e e farologaneng. Mekgwa e megolo e e dirisiwang ke Statistics Botswana e akaretsa dipotsolotso, dipotsolotso tsa sefatlhego le sefatlhego, dipotsolotso tsa mo inthaneteng le go kgobokanya tshedimosetso ya desktop. === Tiriso ya tshedimosetso === Tshedimosetso e e tswang mo patlisisong le mo palong ya batho e ntšhafatsa tshedimosetso ya palo ya batho, ya loago le ya ikonomi go tshegetsa ditiro tsa tlhabololo ya setšhaba. Tshedimosetso e dirisiwa gape go tsaya ditshwetso mo ditirong tse di farologaneng tsa puso, tsa poraefete le tsa motho ka nosi jaaka: * Go tlamela ka tshedimosetso ya dithulaganyo tsa go lekanyetsa dikgaolo tsa ditlhopho;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://botswanalaws.com/constitution-of-botswana |title="Constitution of Botswana" |access-date=2026-07-23 |archive-date=2022-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023114021/https://botswanalaws.com/constitution-of-botswana |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Botswana, Government (2012). ''REPORT OF THE DELIMITATION COMMISSION, 2012''. Library: Government Printing. p.&#x20;1. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Botswana#cite_note-6]</ref> * Go oketsa go nna teng le go fitlhelelwa ga tshedimosetso ya motheo e e nepagetseng, e e mo nakong le e e ikanyegang ka ga popego ya batho le ya ikonomi ya loago ya baagi; * Go tlamela ka matshwao a a farologaneng a motheo a palo ya batho, jaaka tshedimosetso ya ga jaana ya go tlhomamisa selekanyo sa tsalo, loso le khudugo, mekgwa le ditlwaelo, gammogo le koketsego ya palo ya batho kwa maemong a bosetšhaba le a kwa tlase ga bosetšhaba; * Go tlhama dipholisi le mananeo a tlhabololo mmogo le go latedisa le go lekola tlhabololo ya loago le ikonomi, gareng ga tse dingwe * Tlhaloso le phasalatso ya tshedimosetso ya palo ya batho ka tsela e e tla netefatsang tiragatso e e mosola mmogo le go tlhaloganya batho * dintlha tse di amanang le tlhabololo ya bosetšhaba tse di ikaegileng ka bosupi mo go direng ditshwetso, go tlhama dipholisi, mananeo le diporojeke; * Go matlafatsa bokgoni jwa bosetšhaba mo go kokoanyeng, go baakanya, go sekaseka, go anamisa le go dirisa data, go akaretsa Geographic Information System (GIS), gammogo le go rulaganya le go tsamaisa thulaganyo ya go bala batho. * Dipalo tsa batho le dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng * Dipalopalo tse di latelang di dirilwe ke Statistics Botswana.<ref>[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/census-and-survey "Statistics Botswana".] ''Statistics Botswana''. Retrieved 26 May 2022.</ref> == '''DIPATLISISO TSA LEFATSHE LE DIPALANO''' == {| class="wikitable" |+ !2014 Botswana Literacy Survey (BLS) !2013 Botswana AIDS Impact Survey IV (BAIS) !2022 Botswana Population and Housing Census !2015/16 Botswana Multi-Topic Household Survey !2017 Botswana Demographic Survey   !2021 Quarterly Multi-Topic Survey (QMTS) |- |National Literacy Survey Report 2014<ref>Statistics Botswana, Statistics Botswana (2016). ''National Literacy Survey 2014''. Library: Statistics Botswana. p.&#x20;1. ISBN&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-99968-472-2-6|<bdi>978-99968-472-2-6</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":0" /> |Botswana AIDS Impact Survey IV 2013 Statistical Report <ref>Statistics, Botswana (2016). ''Botswana AIDS Impact Survey IV 2013 statistical Report''. Library: Statistics Botswana. p.&#x20;1 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Botswana#cite_note-9]</ref> |2022 Population and Housing Census Preliminary Results |Botswana Multi-Topic Household Survey 2015/16 Report :978-99968-2-040- |Botswana Demographic Survey Report 2017<ref>[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Botswana%20Demographic%20Survey%20Report%202017.pdf "Botswana Demographic Survey Report 2017"] (PDF).</ref> |Quarterly Multi-Topic Survey Report Quarter 4, 2021 |} == DIPATLISISO TSA SEKONOMI == Dipatlisiso tsa ikonomi di dirwa gangwe ka kgwedi, ka kotara le ka ngwaga. Di akaretsa dikarolo tse di tlhophilweng tsa ikonomi ya naga e bile di tlaleletsa palo ya batho ba ikonomi ka tshedimosetso e e tlwaelegileng ka ikonomi e e nonofileng. Dipatlisiso tseno di dira gore go nne le dikgatiso tse di anamisiwang mo mafelong a botlhe gore botlhe ba nne le tshedimosetso. {| class="wikitable" |+ |2014 Botswana Household Access & Individual Use |2015  Agricultural Census Survey |2015 Census of Enterprises and Establishments |- |Botswana Household Access & individual use |Botswana Agricultural Census Report 2015 <ref>Statistics, Botswana (2018). ''Botswana Agricultural Census Report 2015''. Statsbots. p.&#x20;1. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-99968-418-3-5|978-99968-418-3-5]]</bdi>.</ref>                                         |Census of Enterprises and Establishments 2016 Report: Phase 1 |} === Dipatlisiso tse di tswelelang === * Patlisiso ya Kwatara ya Dintlha Tse di Farologaneng (QMTS) * Patlisiso ya Palo ya Batho le ya Matlo == Dipalopalo tse dingwe == Statistics Botswana e kokoanya le go sekaseka dipalopalo tsa ikonomi go tswa mo tshedimosetsong ya tsamaiso le mo metsweding ya dipatlisiso tsa kgwebo. Go gololwa ga dipalopalo tse di botlhokwa go farologana ka dipaka go tswa go kgwedi le kgwedi, kotara le ngwaga. == Metswedi == ql58jy7zfhl9hb41dv4onnz53ttmzek 0 14669 53869 53511 2026-08-03T12:39:37Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53869 wikitext text/x-wiki Mokgatlho wa Botswana wa Tennis (BTA) ke mokgatlho wa sechaba o o laolang motshameko wa tenese mo [[Botswana]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090114095524/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060126 "BOPA Daily News Archive".] 2009-01-14. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060126 the original] on January 14, 2009. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Botswana e mo maemong a ntlha mo go a le lesome le botlhano mo go tsa tennis mo Aforika. BoTA e ikgolagantse le [[International Tennis Federation le Confederation of African Tennis]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101231104814/http://www.cattennis.com/english/national-associations.php?lien1=0&action=2# "CAT"]. ''www.cattennis.com''. Archived from [http://www.cattennis.com/english/national-associations.php?lien1=0&action=2 the original] on 2010-12-31. Retrieved 2015-07-30.</ref> == Ditso == Botswana e ne ya tsenelela dikgaisano tsa Fed Cup tsa yone tsa ntlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150531134502/http://www.fedcup.com/en/teams/team/profile.aspx?id=BOT "Fed Cup - Team - Botswana (BOT)"]. ''www.fedcup.com''. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Phelelo ya bone e e molemo e ne e le go nna mo maemong a bone mo setlhopheng sa bone sa Group II ka Nbgwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro. Tapiwa Marobela o kwadisitse palo e e kwa godimo ya diphenyo tsa setlhopha sa Botswana Fed Cup, diphenyo di le thataro go tswa mo metshamekong e le lesome le boraro ya di-singles le diphenyo di le pedi go tswa mo metshamekong e le lesome le bongwe ya di-doubles magareng ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe le ngwaga wa dikete tsepedi le bone, pele a tsena mo Florida State University go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120331223205/http://www.seminoles.com/sports/w-tennis/mtt/marobela_tapiwa00.html "Tapiwa Marobela - Profile".] ''College Network - Seminoles''. CBSSports.com. Archived from [http://www.seminoles.com/sports/w-tennis/mtt/marobela_tapiwa00.html the original] on March 31, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 201</ref> Botswana e ne ya tsenela Davis Cup ya yone ya ntlha ka 1996. Botswana Tennis Association le yone e tsere karolo mo [[metshamekong ya 2014 African Youth Games]] e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa Gaborone, Botswana. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140116141211/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=4792 "Support Gaborone 2014 games'"]. ''www.dailynews.gov.bw''. Archived from the original on 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2015-07-30.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140625130035/http://gaborone2014.com/venues/ "Gaborone 2014 - 2nd African Youth Games .:: Venues ]::". ''www.gaborone2014.com''. Archived from [http://www.gaborone2014.com/venues/ the original] on 2014-06-25. Retrieved 2015-07-30.</ref> Go na le mekgathonyana e le lesome le boraro ya tenese e e leng mo mokgatlhong ono. Mokgatlho o dira mmogo le Mekgatho e mengwe jaaka Mokgatlho wa Botswana wa Metshameko ya dikolo tse di fa gare le tse dikgolwane , Mokgatlho wa Metshameko wa Botswana Premier League (mokgatlho wa metshameko ya lephatha la tsa thuto e e kwa godimo, dikolo tse dipotlana == Sejana sa Davis == Setlhopha sa Botswana sa Davis Cup se ne sa ipaakanyetsa go tshameka mo setlhopheng sa boraro ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano morago ga go tlhatlosiwa mo setlhopheng sa boraro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Sejana sa Botswana sa Davis Cup |- !Ngwaga !Batshameki |- |2009 | * Matshidiso Malope * Thabiso Shatiso Mabaka * Shingirai Muzondiwa * Lefa Ashley Mthandazo Sixtus Sibanda |- |2010 | * Shingirai Muzondiwa * Thabiso Shatiso Mabaka * Lefa Ashley Mthandazo Sixtus Sibanda * Bakang Duke Mosinyi |- |2013 | * Phenyo Matong * Shingirai Muzondiwa * Innocent Tidimane (junior player) * Aobakwe Lekang |- |2014 | * Phenyo Matong * Shingirai Muzondiwa * Thabiso Shatiso Mabaka * Lame Botshoma |} == .Ditlamelo tsa batho == === Bakatisi === Go na le bakatisi ba le lesome le botlhano (15) ba ITF ba ba katisitsweng ka tirisanommogo magareng ga ITF le International Olympic Committee (IOC).<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20191020123223/http://www.bnsc.co.bw/bnsc-sports.php?sports_name=3&sec_page=Other "Welcome to BNSC .:: Tennis ::]". ''www.bnsc.co.bw''. Retrieved 2015-08-01.</ref> === Batsamaisi === Lekgotla le na le moatlhodi wa ITF Level II (White Badge) le baatlhodi ba Level I ba ba fetang masome a mane.<ref name=":0" /> Baithaopi ba bangwe ba akaretsa dingaka tsa metshameko tse di bitswang gangwe le gape go thusa kwa ditiragalong tse di tlhophilweng, segolobogolo dikgaisano tsa boditšhabatšhaba. <ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == bwjucjym0jwam7uh9vqeixtbm4hmj31 0 14723 53880 53402 2026-08-03T17:10:10Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53880 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Skinflint''' ke setlhopha sa mmino wa heavy metal se se tswang kwa [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana.]] <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140414023357/http://www.skinflintmetal.com/the-band Skinflint Official Page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414023357/http://www.skinflintmetal.com/the-band|date=14 April 2014}}.</ref>Ba tsenyeleditse dilo tse di tswang mo setsong sa Seaforika mo mminong wa heavy metal, <ref>"Botswana Skinflint Mixes Metal With Its Own History" ''[SVT play]'', retrieved 1 November 2013.</ref>ba ngoka tlhokomelo ya bobegakgang jwa boditšhabatšhaba. <ref name=":0">Tutton, Mark (13 February 2014). [https://edition.cnn.com/2014/02/13/world/africa/africa-botswana-metal-heads/ "Botswana's metal heads still rocking".] ''CNN Inside Africa''. Retrieved 14 February 2014.</ref>Dikgatiso tsa bona, Iklwa,<ref>xFiruath. [http://www.metalunderground.com/reviews/details.cfm?releaseid=5132 "Skinflint (IKLWA) CD"]. ''Metal Underground''. Retrieved 25 May 2001</ref>Gauna<ref name=":1">[http://www.discogs.com/Skinflint-Gauna/release/4029739 "Gauna".] ''Discogs''.</ref>le Dipoko,<ref name=":2">Heron, Linda. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140903133600/http://planetmosh.com/skinflint-dipoko-cover-tracklist-released-26th-july-2013/ "SKINFLINT "Dipoko" – Cover, Tracklist, Released 26th July 2013"]. ''Planet Mosh''. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2013.</ref>di tlotla ditumelo tsa bagologolwane le tsa semoya tsa Seaforika,<ref>Redgrave, Oslo. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130106180958/http://www.egmnow.com/digitalnoob/interview-with-giuseppe-sbrana-of-skinflint/ "Interview with Giuseppe Sbrana of Skinflint".] ''EGMNOW''. Archived from the original on 6 January 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2013</ref>fa setlhopha se santse se tshameka ka mokgwa wa heavy metal ya setso. == Ditso tsa setlhopha == === Tlhamo (2006) === Skinflint e ne ya tlhamiwa ke lead guitarist le vocalist Giuseppe Sbrana<ref>[http://www.metal-archives.com/artists/Giuseppe_Sbrana/59843 "Giuseppe Sbrana".] ''Metal Archives''. Encyclopaedia Metallum. Retrieved 19 April 2011.</ref>ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006). O ne a thapa Kebonye Nkoloso<ref>[http://www.metal-archives.com/artists/Kebonye_Nkoloso/59839 "Kebonye Nkoloso".] ''The Metal Archives''. Encyclopaedia Metallum</ref>ka katara ya bass le Alessandra Sbrana<ref>[http://www.metal-archives.com/artists/Sandra_Sbrana/59834 "Alessandra Sbrana".] ''Metal Archives''. Encyclopaedia Metallum.</ref>ka meropa. Mmino wa Skinflint o tswakanya dikarolo tsa mmino wa setso wa selegae le heavy metal,<ref name=":3">Lex, Von. [http://www.metalglory.de/interviews.php?nr=947 "Skinflint "The Metallic Sound Of Southern Africa"".] ''METALGLORY''. Retrieved 26 November 2013</ref> o o tlhotlheleditsweng ke Iron Maiden le Black Sabbath.<ref name=":3" /> === Line-up change: Iklwa era (2007 -2011) === Moropa Alessandra Sbrana o ne a kgaogana le Skinflint ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007), mme a emisediwa ke Mothusi Mahuri.<ref>[http://www.metal-archives.com/artists/Mothusi_Mahuri/59840 "Mothusi Mahuri".] ''Metal Archives''. Encyclopaedia Metallum</ref>Morago ga moo setlhopha se ne sa simolola go kwala Massive Destruction, e e neng ya gololwa ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le borataro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009).<ref>[http://www.metalstorm.net/bands/album.php?album_id=67653&band_id=&bandname=Skinflint "Skinflint Massive Destruction".] ''Metal Storm''</ref>Alebamo e ne e ise e ke e abiwe kwa ntle ga Botswana. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) setlhopha se ne sa rekota alebamo ya bone ya bobedi, Iklwa, mme morago ga moo ya gololwa kwa moletlong wa Whiplash Metal kwa Cape Town, Afrika Borwa ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le lesome le bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010). <ref>Heidmann, David. "[http://metal4africa.com/features/2010_whiplash/ Stocking up on whoop-ass for Whiplash!".] ''Metal4Africa''. Retrieved 3 December 2010.</ref>Iklwa e ne ya anamisiwa ke Legion of Death records mme morago ke Pure Steel Records.<ref>[http://rateyourmusic.com/release/album/skinflint/iklwa_f1/ "Iklwa".] ''Rate Your Music''</ref> === Motlha wa Gauna (2011 -2012) === Setlhopha se ne sa dira EP ya 7 inch e e bidiwang Gauna<ref name=":1" />le Legion of Death records, e e nang le dipina tse tharo tse di kgethegileng, "Mantis Skull", "Bloody Gqokli", le "Gauna". <ref>[http://legionofdeathrecords.com/?page=lodreleases "Gauna on Legion of Death records".] ''Legion of Death Records''.</ref>Kgatiso e ne gape e na le pina ya "Iklwa" e e neng e tshameka ka tlhamalalo, e le pina ya bonase. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012), setlhopha se ne sa botsolodiwa ke [[Errol Barnett]] wa CNN mme ba ne ba tshameka pina ya setlhogo, "Gauna", ba tshela mo CNN's Inside Africa morago ga puisano.<ref>Barnett, Errol. [["The sound of Botswana's Metal Music".]] ''CNN''. Retrieved 2 July 2012</ref> === Dipoko era (2012 - present) === Mothusi Mahuri o ne a kgaogana le Skinflint, mme Alessandra Sbrana o ne a boela mo tirong ya go tshameka meropa.<ref>Dipholo, Kabelo. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130131121254/http://www.thevoicebw.com/2012/12/28/skinflints-ghostly-2013/ "Skinflint's Ghostly 2013".] ''The Voice''. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2012.</ref>Band e ne ya simolola go rekota Dipoko mme ya golola alebamo kwa Nairobi Rock fest ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012), kwa Nairobi, Kenya.<ref>Van Den Worm, Heinrich. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140913134409/http://www.junkmail.co.ke/blog/2012/12/nairobi-rock-fest-8th-december/ "Nairobi Rock fest 8th December!"]. ''Junk Mail Kenya''. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013) Dipoko e ne ya gololwa gape ka Pure Steel Records,<ref name=":2" />mme setlhopha se ne sa simolola loeto lwa bone lwa ntlha lwa kwa Yuropa.<ref>Keaketswe, Kabo. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204512/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=6552 "Skinflint to rock Sweden".] ''Daily News''. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.</ref> Fa ba boa, setlhopha se ne sa botsolotswa ke Mark Tutton,<ref name=":0" />kwa Giuseppe Sbrana a neng a bua ka go atologa ga bone, le kgatlhego ya bone ka mmino wa African metal. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), Sbrana o ne a tlogela setlhopha sa mmino ka lekgetlo la bobedi. O ne a emisediwa ke Cosmos Modisaemang. == Metswedi == sbgsvxx7tx4bmm5865dd4wmqvk7o516 0 14739 53872 53562 2026-08-03T13:40:46Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53872 wikitext text/x-wiki Lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le itemogetse tshimologo ya [[Segajaja sa Covid-19 mo Botswana|segajaja sa COVID-19]] ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi. Dikiletso mesepele di ne tsa diriwa gareng ga Mopitlo le Motsheganong, dikiletso tsa tswelela mo ngwageng. Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga o o fetileng di ne tsa ganediwa ke ba diphathi tsa kganetso, ditsheko di le mmalwa tsa tsisiwa fa pele ga kgotlatshekelo go fetoal maduo. Dikgotlhang di ne tsa ya magoletsa le [[Aforika Borwa]] ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi ka Botswana a ne a batla go atlhola [[Bridgette Radebe]]. Matshwenyego mabapi le go somarela diphologolo tsa naga a ne a ya magoletsa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi fa ditlou di simolola go swa ka bonsti, ga mmogo le matshwenyego a manong. Dikgotlhang tsa ditlhobolo mabapi le batsomi ba diphologolo di ne tsa twelela mo ngwageng, di akaretsa go bolawa ga baana ba le bane ka Ngwanatsele mo go neng ga baka megwanto kwa [[Namibia]]. == Babusi ba nako eo == * Tautona: [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] * Mothusa tautona: [[Slumber Tsogwane]] * [[Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ya Botswana]]: [[Phandu Skelemani]] * Moatlhodimogolo wa Botswana: [[Terence Rannowane]] == Tse di tsweletseng == * tlhaselo ya tsie ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi * Maiteko a go fetola maduo a [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2019 (Botswana)|ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2019]] * [[Segajaja sa Covid-19 mo Botswana|Segajaja sa COVID-19 mo Botswana]] * [[Go jesiwa botlhole ga Manong a mokwatla mosweu]] == Ditiragalo == === Firikgong === * Firikgong - Botswana o amogela madi a kadimiso a bilone e le nngwe go tswa kwa bankeng ya World go tokafatsa phatlalatso metsi.<ref>Leepile, Naomi (2020-01-26). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202001270174.html "Botswana: World Bank Loan to Help Address Water Challenges".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> * Firikgong a robabobedi - kgotlatshekelo ya boikuelo e atlhola gore go fetola ditlhopho tsa 2019 tsa kakaretso go tlaa reediwa.<ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/20200108-botswana-opposition-wins-right-to-challenge-election-result "Botswana opposition wins right to challenge election result".] ''France 24''. 2020-01-08. Retrieved 28 july 2026</ref> * Firikgong a le lesome le bobedi go tsena masome a mabedi le bone - go reediwa tsheko ya go sekaseka go tswa mo seporong ga terena ya [[Botswana Railways]] kgwedi e e fa morago.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/202001130441.html "Botswana: Public Hearings On Derailment of Train Starts".] ''Botswana Daily News''. 2020-01-12. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano - kompone ya Louis Vuitton e reka teemane ya [[Sewelo]]<ref>Yeung, Jessie (2020-01-17). [https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/louis-vuitton-sewelo-diamond-intl-hnk-scli/index.html "Louis Vuitton just bought the world's second-biggest diamond"]. ''CNN''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Firikgong a le masome mabedi le motso - tautona Masisi o buisa phuthego kwa Davos ka nako ya bokopano jwa itsholelo ya mafatshefatshe<ref>[https://africatimes.com/2020/01/22/botswanas-masisi-talks-african-economy-at-davos/ "Botswana's Masisi talks African economy at Davos". ''A'']''frica Times''. 2020-01-22. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Firikgong a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe - kgotlatshekelo ya boikuelo e phatlalatsa tsheko ya go fetola maduo a ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20221117060257/https://www.namibian.com.na/197477/archive-read/Botswana-opposition-loses-bid-to-nullify-election-results "Botswana opposition loses bid to nullify election results".] ''The Namibian''. 2020-01-31. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> === Tlhakole === * Tlhakole - ** Lefatshe la Botswana le gana kopo ya batshabi ba Zimbabwe ya go nna mo lefatsheng leo morago ga tshwetso ya komiti e kgolo ya batshabi ya gore lefatshe la Zimbabwe le babalesegile go ka boela kwa go lone<ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_zimbabwe-refugees-lose-fight-remain-botswana/6183821.html "Zimbabwe Refugees Lose Fight to Remain in Botswana".] ''VOA''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> ** Kompone ya Finestar Diamonds e bula madirelo kwa Gaborone<ref>[https://www.diamondworld.net/contentview.aspx?item=24782 "Finestar Diamonds opens manufacturing factory".] ''DiamondWorld.net''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> ** Mothusa tautona Tsogwane o bua le batho kwa pulong gape ya Phakalane Convention Centre morago ga go baakangwa.<ref>Mosinyi, Thato (2020-02-16). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202002170118.html "Botswana: Centre to Boost Tourism".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Tlhakole a le malatsi a supa - Lefatshe la Botswana le rekisa diteseletso tsa go tsoma ditlou di le masome a marataro ka palobalo<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-elephants-idUSKBN20118U/ "Botswana auctions permits to hunt elephants to ease human-wildlife conflict".] ''Reuters''. 2020-02-07. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Tlhakole a le lesome le bobedi - Kgotlatshekelo kgolo ya Botswana e phatlalatsa go nna kgatlhanong le maduo a ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe ga ga [[Mogalakwe Mogalakwe]].<ref>Galeragwe, Moshe (2020-02-13). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202002140527.html "Botswana: Court Dismisses Mogalakwe Case With Costs".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Tlhakole a le lesome le borataro - Miguel da Costa o kubiwa mo go nneng mokatisi wa setlhopha sa [[Setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa Jwaneng Galaxy F.C.|Jwaneng Galaxy F.C]]<ref>Sennamose, Olekantse (2020-02-17). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202002180906.html "Botswana: Jwaneng Galaxy Part Ways With Coach"]. ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 jULY 2026</ref> * Tlhakole a le lesome le borobabobedi -Kgotlatshekelo kgolo ya Botswana e phatlhalatsa go ema kgatlhanong le maduo a ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe ga ga [[Entebetse Boitshwarelo]].<ref>Galeragwe, Moshe (2020-02-19). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202002200306.html "Botswana: Boitshwarelo Loses Election Petition Case".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> === Mopitlo === * Mopitlo a le lesome le borataro - [[Botswana Football Association]] e emisa metshameko ka nakwana e le go tsibogela [[Segajaja sa Covid-19 mo Botswana|segajaja sa COVID-19.]]<ref>Koka, Mpho (2020-03-16). [https://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/2020-03-16-botswana-football-association-suspends-their-league/ "Botswana Football Association suspends their league".] ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Mopitlo a le masome mabedi - Dikolo tsotlhe di a tswalwa ka ntlha ya matshwenyego a go anama ga segajaja sa [[COVID-19|COVID-19.]]<ref name=":0">[https://www.voanews.com/a/covid-19-pandemic_botswana-schools-reopen-amid-concerns-over-preparedness/6190578.html "Botswana Schools Reopen Amid Concerns Over Preparedness".] ''Voice of America''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le boraro - Lefatshe la Botswana le tswala melelwane morago ga loso lwa ntlha lwa segajaja sa COVID-19 mo lefatsheng le le mabapi la [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>Dube, Mqondisi (2020-03-24). [https://www.voanews.com/a/science-health_coronavirus-outbreak_botswana-no-covid-19-cases-closes-borders-after-death-zimbabwe/6186332.html "Botswana, with No COVID-19 Cases, Closes Borders After Death in Zimbabwe".] ''VOA''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le botlhano - mme wa dingwaga di le masome a supa le borobabobedi o a neng a belaelwa a na le bowetse jwa COVID-19 o a tlhokafala kwa [[Ramotswa]]. Malatsinyana fela morago ga loso lwa gagwe, maduo a gagwe a boa a supa fa a ne a na le COVID-19, se nna loso lwa ntlha le motho wa bone go tlhomamisiwa a na le COVID-19 mo lefatsheng le o.<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/55551 "Botswana registers 7 more COVID-19 cases".] Archived from the original on 2020-10-01.</ref> * Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borataro - [[puso ya Botswana]] e tlhama letlole la go inamola mo segajajeng sa COVID-19.<ref>Galeragwe, Moshe (2020-03-26). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202003270321.html "Morwaeng Launches COVID-19 Relief Fund".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Mopitlo a le masome a mararo - ** Batho ba ntlha ba bararo ba ba neng ba na le COVID-19 mo lefatsheng ba a tlhomamisiwa. Tona wa botsogo [[Lemogang Kwape]] o supa fa balwetsi ba babraro ba le mo serubing ba ne ba tsere loeto go ya Britain le [[Thailand]] mo nakong e e sa tswang go feta.<ref>Mosinyi, Thato (2020-03-31). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202004010088.html "Essential Services Providers to Use Permits".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> ** Tautona Masisi o tlhomamisa nako ya seemo sa tshoganyetso a tsibogela segajaja sa COVID-19.<ref>Mosinyi, Thato (2020-03-31). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202004010088.html "Essential Services Providers to Use Permits"]. ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> === Moranang === * Moranang - Lefatshe la Botswana le tshabisa ditshukudu tsa lone kwa [[Makgobokgobo a Okavango|makgobokgobong a Okavango]] ka nako ya go tsoma ditshukudu go neng go ile magoletsa le ka ntlha ya merwalela.<ref>Maron, Dina Fine (2020-05-01). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210219192014/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/botswana-evacuates-black-rhinos-amid-poaching-and-coronavirus "Botswana is quietly evacuating black rhinos amid poaching threat".] ''National Geographic''. Archived from the original on February 19, 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Moranang a rogwa - [[Botswana Power Corporation|Koporase ya motlakase ya Botswana]] e oketsa madi a theko ya motlakase ka masome a mabedi le bobedi mo lekgolong.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/botswana-power-idUSL8N2BI5Z9/ "Botswana hikes power tariffs by 22% to help loss-making utility".] ''Reuters''. 2020-03-25. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Moranang a robabongwe - tautona Masisi le palamente yotlhe ya Botswana ba tsena mo serubing morago ga gore mooki o a neng a ba tlhatlhobela COVID-19 a tlhomamisiwe fa a na le COVID-19.<ref>Isilow, Hassan (2020-04-09). [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/covid-19-botswana-places-mps-president-in-quarantine/1799209 "COVID-19: Botswana places MPs, president in quarantine"]. ''Anadolu Agency''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Moranang a le lesome le borataro - tautona Masisi o itshwarela magolegwa a le lekgolo masome a mane le borobabongwe go itsa go tlala phetelela ga dikgolegelo ka nako ya segajaja sa COVID-19.<ref>Ngatane, Nthakoana (2020-04-17). [https://www.ewn.co.za/2020/04/17/covid-19-botswana-to-pardoned-and-release-149-prisoners "COVID-19: Botswana pardons & releases 149 prisoners".] ''Eyewitness News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Moranang a le masome mabedi le bosupa -tautona Masisi o oketsa malatsi a seemo sa kiletso mesepele go tswa ka Motsheganong a rogwa go tsena Motsheganong a le malatsi a supa.<ref>Motsamai, Mmoniemang (2020-04-28). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202004281035.html "Masisi Extends National Lockdown".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Moranang a le masome mararo - [[Polokelo ya madi ya Botswana|Banka ya Botswana]] e fokotsa dielo tsa koketsego ya madi e tsibogela segajaja sa COVID-19.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/botswana-economy-lending-idUSL8N2CI8W7/ "UPDATE 1-Botswana cuts rates, banks' capital ratios in coronavirus response".] ''Reuters''. 2020-04-30. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> === Motsheganong === * Motsheganong a le lesome le botlhano - Lekgotla la kgwele ya dinao la Aforika le supa fa go retelelwa ke go tsenelela motshameko wa dikgaisano tsa sejana sa bomme ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga lesome le bosupa sa mafatshefatshe kwa Morocco ka ntlha ya segajaja sa COVID-19 go dumelelwa.<ref>Ahmadu, Samuel (2020-05-15). [https://www.goal.com/en/news/caf-rules-in-botswana-favour-after-boycotting-u17-womens-world-cup-clash-with-morocco/1o8i328qfpirb155i43gz2nvu0 "Caf rules in Botswana's favour after boycotting U17 Women's World Cup clash with Morocco".] ''Goal''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Motsheganong a le masome mabedi - kiletso mesepele ya COVID-19 kwa Botswana e a fela.<ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/covid-19-pandemic_botswana-ends-7-week-lockdown/6189665.html "Botswana Ends 7-Week Lockdown".] ''VOA''. 2020-05-21. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> === Seetebosigo === * Seetebosigo - ** Tlhaelo ya lookwane e e bakilweng ke tiego ya go reka le go reka ka bontsi ka ntlha ya letshogo ga Batswana go dira gore lefatshe la Botswana le dirise lookwane lo lo beilweng.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/botswana-fuel-idUSL8N2E72PK/ "Botswana taps into strategic fuel reserves to ease shortages".] ''Reuters''. 2020-06-30. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> ** Lefatshe la Botswana le neela badiri ba motlakase ba ba ikemetseng diteseletso tsa lone go ba fa tetla ya go aga mafelo a go fetlhiwang motlakase kwa go one.<ref>Bungane, Babalwa (2020-06-22). [https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/generation/botswana-grants-first-ever-generation-licenses-to-ipps/ "Botswana grants first ever generation licenses to IPPs"]. ''ESI-Africa.com''. Retrieved 29 July 2026.</ref> ** Lefatshe la Botswana le simolola go ntsha ditshukudu tsa lone dinaka go kgoba batsomi marapo.<ref>Dube, Mqondisi (2020-06-18). [https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_poaching-forces-botswana-dehorn-translocate-rhinos/6191347.html "Poaching Forces Botswana to Dehorn, Translocate Rhinos"]. ''VOA''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> ** Puso ya Botswana e thapa AfriForum go atlhola [[Bridgette Radebe]] go bo a dirile dikgwebo tsa bokukuntshwane. O lebisa lefatshe monwana go tsibogela magatwe a a senang boammaruri.<ref>Ngatane, Nthakoana (2020-06-25). [https://www.ewn.co.za/2020/06/25/bridgette-motsepe-radebe-to-sue-over-botswana-money-laundering-claims "Bridgette Motsepe-Radebe to sue over Botswana money laundering claims".] ''ewn.co.za''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mabedi - dikolo di bulwa gape morago ga go tswalwa malatsi a le masome a supa le bone go itsa go anama ga segajaja sa COVID-19.<ref name=":0" /> * Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mane - Moruti Frank Nubuasah o kwalela George Floyd matshediso, o aneng e le tsala ya gagwe ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe.<ref>Samasumo, Paul (2020-06-09). [https://www.vaticannews.va/en/africa/news/2020-06/botswana-s-bishop-nubuasah-mourns-george-floyd-a-friend.html "Botswana's Bishop Nubuasah mourns George Floyd, a friend. - Vatican News".] ''Vatican News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro - Toropokgolo [[Gaborone]] e boela mo kiletsong mesepele morago ga dipego tsa batho ba banang le mogare wa COVID-19.<ref name=":1">[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-botswana-idUSKBN23M2VM/ "Botswana lifts coronavirus lockdown in capital city".] ''Reuters''. 2020-06-15. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Seetebosigo a le lesome le botlhano - kiletso mesepele ya Gaborone morago ga go belaelwa batho ba na le COVID-19 go tlhomamisiwa fa ba sena yone.<ref name=":1" /> === Phukwi === * Phukwi - ** Lefatshe la Botswana le itemogela tlhaelo ya lokwane ka ntlha ya segajaja sa COVID-19<ref>Motsaathebe, Manowe (2020-07-09). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202007100367.html "Fuel Shortage Requires Discipline".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> ** Lefatshe la Botswana le tshwara tshekatsheko le Harvard AIDS Initiative go tlhatlhoba mekento e e thibelang HIV/AIDS.<ref>Ntesang, Collin (2020-07-06). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202007070469.html "HIV Study Compares Pill With Injection".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> ** Lekgotla la metshameko ya chess mo Aforika le thapa Mothokomedi Thabano, tautona wa lekgotla la chess mo Botswana go nna modulasetilo wa lekgotla la thuto ya chess mo [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref>Kolantsho, Calistus (2020-07-06). [https://www.mmegi.bw/sport/botswana-chess-president-gets-continental-nod/news "Botswana Chess President Gets Continental Nod".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Phukwi a le masome mabedi le bone - Refilwe Mooki o simolola letsholo la "Say No to Rape" mo Botswana.<ref>Thobega, Keletso (2020-07-24). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-women-rape-trfn-idUSKCN24P1S1/ "Botswana rape survivor fights sexual violence with awareness campaign".] ''Reuters''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Phukwi a le masome mabedi le botlhano - mookamedi wa National Development Bank Lorato Morapedi o itsise go fetoga ga banka go nna ya temothuo e e itebagantseng le go tlhabolola masimo.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/202007270506.html "NDB to Reposition As an Agri-Bank"]. ''Botswana Daily News''. 2020-07-26. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Phukwi a le masome mabedi le bosupa - ** Palamente e simolola go gasa ditsamaiso tsa yone ka tlhamalalo<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/202007280233.html "Parliament Goes Live".] ''Botswana Daily News''. 2020-07-27. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> ** Lekgotla la bojanala la Botswana le simolola lenaneo la [[Rediscover Botswana]] go oketsa bojanala.<ref>Ntakhwana, Omphile (2020-07-28). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202007290594.html "Rediscover Botswana Campaign Kickoff".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026.</ref> === Phatwe === * Phatwe - Tymon Katlholo o thapiwa go etelela pele [[lephata la tshenyetso setshaba le melato ya itsholelo]] (DCEC)<ref>[https://www.africaintelligence.com/southern-africa-and-islands/2020/08/31/old-hand-returned-to-helm-of-anti-corruption-body-as-masisi-strives-to-gloss-over-problems,109602732-art "Old hand returned to helm of anti-corruption body as Masisi strives to gloss over problems"]. ''Africa Intelligence''. 2020-08-31. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Phatwe a le masome mabedi - Pego ka Omnia Strategy le Alaco e kgala [[puso ya Botswana]] ka melato e e e lebisitseng Bridgette Motsepe le [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]].<ref>du Plessis, Carien (2020-08-20). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-08-20-cherie-blairs-investigation-clears-ian-khama-and-bridgette-motsepe-of-wrongdoing-scolds-botswana-government/ "Cherie Blair's investigation clears Ian Khama and Bridgette Motsepe of wrongdoing, scolds Botswana government".] ''Daily Maverick''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Phatwe a le masome mabedi le borataro - tautona Masisi o dira diphetogo di le mmalwa mo khuduthamageng ya gagwe, di akaretsa go ntsha [[Unity Dow]] le [[Lemogang Kwape]].<ref>du Plessis, Carien (2020-08-27). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-08-27-botswana-president-reshuffles-cabinet-to-strengthen-his-hand/ "Botswana President Reshuffles Cabinet to Strengthen His Hand".] ''Daily Maverick''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Phatwe a le masome mararo - go simololwa legato la bopelotlhomogi la Trans-Okavango<ref>Mmolai, Esther (2020-08-25[https://allafrica.com/stories/202008260267.html ). "Safari Guides Cycle for Charity".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> === Lwetse === * Lwetse a le lesome le motso - palamente e gana tshutiso ya go neela babereki ba tsa bojanala ditlhobolo morago ga go oketsega ga go bolaya diphologolo tsa naga.<ref>Dube, Mqondisi (2020-09-12). [https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_botswana-parliament-rejects-call-arm-game-rangers/6195812.html "Botswana Parliament Rejects Call to Arm Game Rangers".] ''VOA''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Lwetse a le lesome le bosupa - Lefatshe la Botswana le letlelela basadi ba ba nyetsweng go nna le ditsha tsa bone ka fa molaong ba sa di tlhakanela le banna ba bone.<ref>Thobega, Keletso (2020-09-17). [https://www.reuters.com/world/botswana-opts-make-land-owners-wives-with-new-law--trfn-2020-09-17/ "Botswana opts to make land owners of wives with new law".] ''Reuters''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Lwetse a le lesome le borobabongwe - Lefatshe la Botswana le nna la bo lekgolo le boraro go amogela paakanyo ya Kigali go tsena mo molaong wa Montreal.<ref>Stausholm, Tine (2020-09-24). [https://naturalrefrigerants.com/ "Botswana Ratifies Kigali Amendment, Bringing Ratifications to 104".] ''accelerate24.news''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bobedi - tona wa thuto go tswa kwa moding [[Fidelis Macdonald Molao|Fidelis Molao]] o itsise ka lenaneo la go ruta teme ya Swahili kwa dikolong.<ref>[https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/africa/botswana-to-introduce-kiswahili-in-schools-2716730 "Botswana to introduce Kiswahili in schools".] ''The Citizen''. 2020-10-23. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> === Phalane === * Phalane - ** Lebentlele la Choppies le lebisa PricewaterhouseCoopers molato wa didikadike di le makgolo a marataro masome a matlhano le boraro go bo ba reteletswe ke go tswala matlole a kompone eo a ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>Prinsloo, Loni (2020-10-13). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-13/pwc-hit-by-40-million-lawsuit-from-botswana-supermarket-chain "PwC Hit by $40 Million Lawsuit From Botswana Supermarket Chain".] ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> ** Banka ya Botswana e isa dielo tsa koketsego ya madi kwa tlase ka ntlha ya go nna bonya ga itsholelo le theko e e kwa tlase.<ref>Ntshole, Tebagano (2020-10-11). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202010120634.html "Bank of Botswana Reduces Rate".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> ** Kago ya mabentlele a The Fields e a simologa.<ref>[https://cceonlinenews.com/news/largest-mall-in-botswana-begins-construction-2/ "Largest mall in Botswana begins construction".] ''Construction & Civil Engineering News''. 2020-10-09. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Phalane a robabobedi - Kago ya [[borogo jwa Kazungula]] e a fela<ref>Jung, Min-hee (2020-10-08). [https://www.businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=52924 "Daewoo E&C Completes Construction of Kazungula Bridge in Botswana"]. ''Business Korea''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Phalane a le lesome le bone - [[Sepodise sa Botswana|Sepodisi sa Botswana]] se atolosa melao ya go tsibogela tirisodikgoka e e amang bong, e dira le mogala wa mahala o go ka begiwang mo go one ditiragalo tse di amang le tirisodikgoka ya bong.<ref>More, Ketshepile (2020-10-15). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202010160050.html "Bps Institutes Gender-Based Violence Fighting Measures".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Phalane a le lesome le botlhano - Mopolotiki wa kwa [[Uganda]] Kipoi Tonny Nsubuga o a tshwarwa le motswakwa o o senang dipampiri tsa teseletso mesepele mo Botswana.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.ug/kipoi-re-arrested-in-botswana/ "Former MP Kipoi re-arrested in Botswana".] ''The Independent Uganda''. 2020-10-26. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Phalane a le lesome le borobabongwe - Khansele ya babereki ba thuto e a tlhamiwa ke tona wa thuto go tswa kwa moding Fidelis Molao.<ref>Dube, Onalenna (2020-10-20). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202010210517.html "Molao Launches Teaching Council".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Phalane a le masome mabedi le bobedi - mookamedi wa pabalesego mo ditseleng le tsa mesepele Bokhutlo Modukanele o itsise tshimolo ya mafaratlhatlha a masha a go tlhatlhobelwa go kgweetsa a a botlhale.<ref>Thatayamodimo, Lesedi (2020-10-25). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202010260425.html "Department Introduces New Driver Testing System".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Phalane a le masome mabedi le borataro - [[Ntlo ya Dikgosi tsa Botswana|Ntlo ya Dikgosi]] e fetisa phetolo molaomotheo e e tlhokang gore mapalamente a ithole marapo fa ba fetola phathi e ba e setseng morago.<ref>Tebogo, Lephogole (2020-10-27)[https://allafrica.com/stories/202010280369.html . "Floor Crossing Bill Passes".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> === Ngwanatsele === * Ngwanatsele ** Lefatshe la Botswana le bulela mesepele ya go tswela kwa ntle ka bonya ka bonya<ref>[https://apanews.net/en/news/botswana-embarks-on-phased-reopening-of-borders "Botswana embarks on phased reopening of borders".] ''apanews.net''. 2020-11-09. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> ** Lefatshe la Botswana le baya monwana tumalano e e le letlang go rekela 20% ya batho ba lone melemo e e lekaneng ya COVID-19.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/botswana-signs-agreement-with-global-vaccine-scheme-20-population-2020-11-10/ "Botswana signs agreement with global vaccine scheme for 20% of population".] ''Reuters''. 2020-11-10. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> ** Teemane ya dikharete di le makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi, e le nngwe ya tse ditona mo lefatsheng ka bophara, e upololwa kwa [[Moepo wa diteemane wa Karowe|moepong wa diteemane wa Karowe]] ke Lucara Diamond.<ref>Biesheuvel, Thomas (2020-11-11). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-11/one-of-the-biggest-ever-diamonds-has-been-found-in-botswana?leadSource=uverify%20wall "One of the Biggest Ever Diamonds Has Been Found in Botswana".] ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> ** [[Mfolo Mfolo]] o seegelwa kwa thoko e le mookamedi wa Botswana Football Association morago ga gore setlhopha sa Botswana se ntshiwe mo dikgaisanong tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi tsa COSAFA tsa dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga lesome le bosupa. Mogogi wa setlhopha Thabiso Kebotsamang o thapiwa go mo tshwarelela maemo.<ref>Sibanda, Anastacia (2020-11-24). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202011240700.html "Kebotsamang Acting CEO".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> ** Lefatshe la Botswana le tlhama dikgotlatshekelo di le masome mabedi le botlhano tsa kgokgontsho ya bong.<ref>Thobega, Keletso (2020-11-30). [https://www.reuters.com/world/botswana-sets-up-gender-violence-courts-tackle-pandemic-backlog--trfn-2020-11-30/ "Botswana sets up gender violence courts to tackle pandemic backlog".] ''Reuters''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a matlhano - Sesole sa Botswana se thuntsha banna ba [[Namibia]] ba le bararo le monna wa [[Zambia]] a le esi kwa [[Noka ya Chobe|nokeng ya Chobe]] ba belaelwa e le batsomi ba diphologolo tsa naga, mo go neng ga baka mekubukubu kwa Namibia.<ref>Tjitemisa, Kuzeeko (2020-11-19). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202011200556.html "Probe in Fishermen Killing Escalates".] ''New Era''. Retrieved 29 July 2029</ref> * Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe - Lefatshe la Botswana le tshwara bokopano jwa mafatshe a mararo jo bo faphegileng jwa lekgotla la [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]].<ref>[https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/just-in-president-leaves-for-botswana-2/ "President leaves for Botswana".] ''The Herald''. 2020-11-27. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Ngwanatsele a le masome mararo - Kompone ya Petra Diamonds e rekisa dithoto tsa yone tsa Botswana, Sekaka Diamonds Exploration, e rekisetsa Botswana Diamonds.<ref>Jamasmie, Cecilia (2020-11-30). [https://www.mining.com/botswana-diamonds-grabs-sekaka-from-embattled-petra/ "Botswana Diamonds acquires Sekaka from embattled Petra"]. ''Mining.com''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> === Morule === * Morule a le lesome le motso - Lefatshe la Botswana le simolodisa lenaneo la go lema ditlhare tsa maungo a losika loo namune.<ref>Botsang, Kgotsofalang (2020-12-13). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202012140182.html "Citrus Project On".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> == Dintsho == * Moranang a le masome mabedi le bone - [[Kebadire Kalake]], a le dingwaga di le masome a supa le bobedi, mopalamente.<ref>Monngakgotla, Topo (2020-04-26). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202004270271.html "Former MP Dies".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bosupa - [[Thuso Letlhoma]], a le dingwaga di le masome mane le borobabobedi, mmereki wa seromamowa.<ref>Tlhankane, Mompati (2020-06-01). [https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/an-entertainment-industry-tribute-to-thusoski/news "An Entertainment Industry Tribute To Thusoski".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Lwetse a le malatsi a mabedi - [[Serara Selelo-Mogwe]], a le dingwaga di le masome a robabongwe le boraro, moitsanape wa tsa thuto<ref>Mosinyi, Thato (2020-09-06). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202009070343.html "President Offers Solace".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026</ref> * Morule a le malatsi a robabobedi - [[Roseline Panzirah-Matshome]], a le dingwaga di le masome a mane le bone, lepolotiki.<ref>Motsamai, Mmoniemang (2020-12-10). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202012110085.html "Remembering Roseline Panzirah-Motshome"]. ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 29 July 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == gvwjitgv4dvg7lc6adpthvxarsd4af3 0 14812 53887 53727 2026-08-03T19:09:18Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Company|name=Zesta|type=e e ikemetseng|industry=dithulaganyo|founded=Phatwe ngwaga wa 2020|founders=[[Henry Newman]] [[Randall Newman]]|areas_served=[[Aforika]]|services=go isa dilwana (kgwebo)|website=https://zesta.one/}} '''Zesta''' ke kompone e go rekiwang dijo mo go yone mo maranyaneng, e bo e di isa, e bereka mo kgaolong ya [[Aferika|Aforika]]. Pele e ne e itsege ka leina la Square Eats, kompone e ne ya fetola leina go nna Zesta ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano.<ref name=":0">[https://verbosec.com/square-eats-reimagined-zesta-brings-life-delivered/ "Square Eats Reimagined: Zesta Brings Life Delivered".] ''Verbosec''. 2 January 2025. Retrieved 31 July 2026</ref> Zesta e kopanya bareki le mabentlele a dijo, e dira ditirelo tsa go isa dijo, dithoto tse di rekilweng le diphasele le tse dingwe tsa botlhokwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201127005052/https://yourbotswana.com/2020/11/18/square-eats-delivering-food-and-drinks-to-your-doorstep/ "Square Eats: delivering food and drinks to your doorstep – YourBotswana".] Retrieved 31 July 2026</ref> == Ditso == [[Setshwantsho:Square Eats.png|thumb|Sekano sa Square Eats]] Zesta pele e tlhamilwe e le '''Square Eats''' ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi ke mawelana [[Henry Newman (rakgwebo)|Henry Newman]] le [[Randall Newman]] fa ba le dingwaga di le masome mabedi le motso.<ref>Adamson, Kabelo (3 February 2021). [https://thevoicebw.com/innovative-twins-enter-food-tech-space/ "Innovative twins enter food tech space » TheVoiceBW".] ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 31 July 2026</ref> E ne ya simolodisiwa mo [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]], ya nna tirelo ya go isa dijo e tumileng mo lefatsheng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201101141818/https://azhizhi.com/1664/verbosec-launches-its-food-delivery-service-square-eats-in-botswana/ "Verbosec launches its Food-Delivery Service Square Eats in Botswana".] ''Azhizhi''. 26 July 2020. Archived from [https://azhizhi.com/1664/verbosec-launches-its-food-delivery-service-square-eats-in-botswana/ the original] on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2026</ref> Kompone e ne ya emisa ditirelo ya tsaya tshwetso go ntshafatsa kgwebo ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi.<ref>[https://zesta.one/about "About Us - Zesta".] ''Zesta''. Retrieved 31 July 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano, kompone e ne ya itsise fa e fetola leina go nna Zesta, e gatelela maikaelelo a yone a go sa nne kompone e isang dijo fela mme le go nna maranyane a go rekiwang ka one.<ref name=":0" /> === Lenaneo la segajaja sa COVID-19 === Ka nako ya [[Segajaja sa Covid-19 mo Botswana|segajaja sa COVID-19]], Zesta (e ka nako eo e neng e le Square Eats) e ne ya dira methale ya go netefatsa pabalesego le bophepha, e akaretsa go neela bakgweetsi diatlana le melwara e e itshasiwang mo diatleng mahala le go dira ditsela tsa go isa dijo ba sa amane le bareki. Maiteko a, a ne a baya serala se go nna tirelo e e tshephagalang ka nako ya segajaja.<ref>Eats, Square (28 December 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210121212514/https://blog.sqeats.com/2020/12/28/health-and-safety-mandate/ "Our Commitment to Safer Deliveries: New Health and Safety Mandate".] ''Square Eats Blog''. Archived from [https://blog.sqeats.com/2020/12/28/health-and-safety-mandate/ the original] on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2026</ref> == Tirelo == Zesta e rulaganya go isa dijo go tswa kwa bapating ba le mmalwa ba ba rekisang dijo ka maranyane a megala ya lotheka e e botlhale, a a teng mo IOS le mo Android kgotsa mo websiteng. Bareki ba ka leba dijo tsa mabentlele a ba a ratang, ba reka ba bo ba isediwa dijo kwa matlong ka nako.<ref>Staff Writer (22 August 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210123000152/https://azhizhi.com/1712/top-10-useful-mobile-apps-in-botswana/ "Top 10 useful mobile apps in Botswana".] ''Azhizhi''. Archived from [https://azhizhi.com/1712/top-10-useful-mobile-apps-in-botswana/ the original] on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[DoorDash]] * [[Rappi]] * [[Talabat]] * [[Mascom]] * [[Randall Newman]] == Metswedi == 2jgaq4astzr5c0lzinp4eqgbibwevhd 0 14816 53870 53731 2026-08-03T13:16:25Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53870 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Kgaswane''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a thola lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone 1994) ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa Motswana yo o tshamekelang Cape Town Spurs F.C. == Tiro == === Club === Kgaswane o ne a tlogela Baroka ka tumelano ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), mme Zira FK e ne ya mo itsise gore e tlile go baya monwana tumelano ya dikgwedi di le thataro, ka tumelano ya ngwaga o mongwe, ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e thola masome a mabedi le borataro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220608085229/http://fczire.az/?options=news-view&id=167 ""Zirə" Kqasvane ilə müqavilə bağladı"]. ''fczire.az'' (in Azerbaijani). Zira FK. 26 January 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2019</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e thola lesome ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), Kgaswane o ne a baya monwana tumelano ye ntsha ya dingwaga tse pedi le Zira.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190915060709/http://fczire.az/?options=news-view&id=281 ""Zirə" 4 futbolçu ilə müqaviləni yeniləyib"]. fczire.az/ (in Azerbaijani). Zira FK. 10 June 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2019</ref> Kgaswane o tlogetse Zira ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e thola lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020).<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/fc.zire/photos/a.791415427661547/1919899738146438/ Zirə" PFK Riçard Qadze, Mfo Kqasvane və Bəxtiyar Həsənalızadə ilə yollarını ayırıb"]. ''www.facebook.com/fc.zire'' (in Azerbaijani). Zira FK. 16 July 2020.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e thola lesome le bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021), Kgaswane o ne a baya monwana tumelano le Cape Town Spurs. <ref>[http://capetownspurs.co.za/2021/01/11/spurs-complete-signing-of-mpho-kgaswane/ Spurs complete signing of Mpho Kgaswane]". capetownspurs.co.za/. Cape Town Spurs F.C. 11 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021</ref> == Metswedi == d4vhuq4tbi2o8ldi27e0p0nag9u7t3b 0 14852 53866 2026-08-03T12:32:49Z Legodzomela 12497 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364360431|Gordon Ramsey]]" 53866 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gordon Ramsey''' (Seetebosigo 19, 1930 - Ngwanaitseele 5, 1993) e ne e le modiragatsi le seopedi sa Moamerika, yo o neng a nna kwa toropong ya New York. O ne a le mo setlhopheng sa batshameki ba ntlhantlha ba mmino wa Broadway e bong Carmelina ka 1979 le wa filimi ya 1978 ''ya Fa Nka Go Bona Gape .'' == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Ramsey o belegwe kwa Minneapolis, kwa Minnesota ka Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi a le 19, ka 1930. O amogetse Dikirii ya Ntlha ya Terama kwa Yunibesithing ya Hamline mme o ne a direla mo Sesoleng ka nako ya Ntwa ya Korea . Fa a ne a sa ntse a le kwa Minnesota, o ne a tsenela Khamphani ya Bobogelo ya Minneapolis. <ref name="nytimes1993">{{Cite news|author=|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/10/obituaries/gordon-ramsey-63-a-singer-and-an-actor.html|title=Gordon Ramsey, 63, A Singer and an Actor|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1993-11-10|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Morago ga go fudugela kwa New York ka 1958, Ramsey o ne a simolola go nna motshameki mo mminong wa bobogelo wa Off-Broadway o o bidiwang, ''The Man Who Never Died''. Ka 1966, Ramsey o ne a tshameka karolo ya Lew mo ''Autumn's Here'' kwa Bert Wheeler Theatre, e leng motshameko o o neng o tshamekiwa kwa ntle ga tlhagiso ya motshameko wa Broadway.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gordon Ramsey |url=https://www.spectra.theater/explore/artist/5a96d263-ffc9-4d94-b290-1c504c7b8b76 |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=Spectra Theater}}</ref> Ramsey o ne a tshameka karolo ya Bozo the Clown mo thelebisheneng ka dingwaga di le pedi le sephatlo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=1973-07-22|title=Those toothpaste grins come from real people|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/staten-island-advance-those-toothpaste-g/198176677/|access-date=2026-05-24|work=Staten Island Advance|pages=32}}</ref> Mo tiragalong ya 1969 ya lenaneo la thelebishene la What's My Line?, Ramsey o ne a tlhagelela jaaka Bozo the Clown jaaka moeng yo o sa itsiwing. Moragonyana mo tiragalong e e tshwanang, Ramsey o ne a tlhagelela jaaka ene a se na meikapo ya clown, a tlhoka gore setlhopha se fopholetse mola wa gagwe, e leng se se neng sa dira ke motshameki yo o tumileng e bong Phyllis Newman. Ka 1976, Gordon le mosadi wa gagwe Barbara ba ne ba tlhophiwa go nna batsamaisi ba loeto lwa go thusa kwa Snug Harbor Cultural Center<ref>{{Cite news|date=1976-07-14|title=Emcees named for Harbor benefit|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/staten-island-advance-emcees-named-for-h/198175299/|access-date=2026-05-24|work=Staten Island Advance|pages=32}}</ref> Dingwaga di le mmalwa morago ga moo, o ne a tlhagelela mo motshamekong wa Broadway wa 1979 wa ''Carmelina,'' o o neng wa nna le ditebopele di le 11 le dipontsho di le 17 kwa St. James Theatre ka Mopitlwe le Moranang 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gordon Ramsey – Broadway Cast & Staff |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/gordon-ramsey-72280 |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=Internet Broadway Database}}</ref> Gape o ne a le mo ditlhatlhobong tsa pele ga Broadway kwa Kennedy Center kwa [[Washington, D.C.]] O ne a boa gape a nna le seabe sa gagwe jaaka Walter Braddock mo rekotong ya ntlha ya batshameki.<ref name="nytimes1993">{{Cite news|author=|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/10/obituaries/gordon-ramsey-63-a-singer-and-an-actor.html|title=Gordon Ramsey, 63, A Singer and an Actor|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1993-11-10|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditiro tsa gagwe tse di itsegeng di akaretsa go tsamaisa lenaneo la bana la thelebišhene la selegae jaaka "Bozo the Clown"<ref>{{Cite news|title=The stage was his life, but now his part is over|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/103570009/tom-mahoney-and-gordon-ramsey/|access-date=2022-06-11|work=Daily News|date=1982-07-23|pages=216}}</ref> le go ntsha lentswe la baanelwa mo thulaganyong ya Star Blazers.<ref>{{Cite news|title=TV Q&A|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/103591641/space-battleship-yamato-star-blazers/|access-date=2022-06-11|work=Mansfield News Journal|date=2011-04-17}}</ref> O ne a tlhola a tshameka mo tatelanong ya "Lyrics and Lyricists" kwa Manhattan.<ref name="nytimes1993">{{Cite news|author=|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/10/obituaries/gordon-ramsey-63-a-singer-and-an-actor.html|title=Gordon Ramsey, 63, A Singer and an Actor|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1993-11-10|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe ka namana == O ne a na le bana ba le bane - Elyssa, Gordon ("Gordie"), Joanna, le Donna - le mosadi wa gagwe Barbara Ramsey (née Brown).<ref name="nytimes1993">{{Cite news|author=|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/10/obituaries/gordon-ramsey-63-a-singer-and-an-actor.html|title=Gordon Ramsey, 63, A Singer and an Actor|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1993-11-10|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> Gordon, Barbara, le bana ba bone ba bararo ba bagolo, ka nako nngwe, e ne e le maloko a a dirang a Screen Actors Guild (SAG).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carmelina (Broadway, St. James Theatre, 1979) |url=https://playbill.com/production/carmelina-st-james-theatre-vault-0000004188 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260524165506/https://playbill.com/production/carmelina-st-james-theatre-vault-0000004188 |archive-date=2026-05-24 |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=Playbill |language=en-US}}</ref> Barbara, yo o tswang kwa Texas, e ne e le motantshi yo o neng a tlhagelela kwa ntle ga Broadway, mo thelebišheneng, le mo difiliming, mo godimo ga dipapatso tse a neng a tlhola a di dira.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=1973-07-22|title=Those toothpaste grins come from real people|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/staten-island-advance-those-toothpaste-g/198176677/|access-date=2026-05-24|work=Staten Island Advance|pages=32}}</ref> Lelapa le la batho ba le batlhano le ne la tlhagelela mo dipapatsong e le setlhopha gabedi - gangwe fela e le ya Eastern Air Lines, mme e le nngwe e le ya mašwi. Lelapa le ne le nna kwa Grymes Hill gaufi le Stapleton kwa Staten Island.<ref name=":0" /> Karolo ya 1973 mo Staten Island Advance e ne ya tlhalosa Ramsey jaaka "mosimane yo o nonofileng, yo montle wa go tswa Iowa wa ditso tse di tswakantsweng"<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=1973-07-22|title=Those toothpaste grins come from real people|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/staten-island-advance-those-toothpaste-g/198176677/|access-date=2026-05-24|work=Staten Island Advance|pages=32}}</ref> Ramsey o ne a tlhokafala kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa Grymes Hill, Staten Island ka Ngwanaatsele e tlholang malatsi a le 5, 1993, ka ntlha ya kankere, o ne a le dingwaga di le 63.<ref name="nytimes1993">{{Cite news|author=|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/10/obituaries/gordon-ramsey-63-a-singer-and-an-actor.html|title=Gordon Ramsey, 63, A Singer and an Actor|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1993-11-10|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] k8sqhu200rznlpguphra0v6az1s7uhk 0 14853 53871 2026-08-03T13:22:48Z Legodzomela 12497 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364331171|Barney Pityana]]" 53871 wikitext text/x-wiki Pityana o belegwe kwa Uitenhage mme a tsena kwa Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare. E ne e le mongwe wa maloko a a tlhomileng Mokgatlho wa Baithuti ba Aforika Borwa wa Black Consciousness Movement le Steve Biko le [[Harry Ranwedzi Nenwekhulu]]. Gape, e ne e le leloko la African National Congress Youth League,<ref name=":0" /> mme o emisitswe ka ntlha ya go gwetlha taolo ya barutabana ba [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]] le melawana ya [[tlhaolele]] ya "thuto ya Bantu".<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Barney Pityana, African Policy Advocate born|url=https://aaregistry.org/story/barney-pityana-african-policy-advocate-born/|access-date=2026-06-19|work=African American Registry|language=en-US}}</ref> Pityana o ne a boela Aforika Borwa ka 1993, go latela bokhutlo jwa tlhaolele. O ne a tswelela go dira mo thutabodumeding le ditshwanelo tsa batho, a wetsa PhD mo dithutong tsa bodumedi kwa [[Yunibesiti ya kapa|Yunibesithi ya Cape Town]] ka 1995. O ne a tlhomiwa go nna leloko la Khomišene ya Ditshwanelo Tsa Batho ya Aforika Borwa ka 1995, mme a dira jaaka modulasetulo wa Khomišene go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1995 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2001. Gape o ne a dira mo Khomišene ya Aforika ya Ditshwanelo tsa Botho le tsa Batho kwa Mokgatlho wa Kutlwano ya Aforika ka 1997. Porofesa Pityana o ne a nna Motlatsa-Khanselara le Mogokgo wa [[Yunibesithi ya Aforika Borwa]] ka ngwaga wa 2001 mme a nna mo maemong ao dingwaga di le robongwe. Go fitlha jaanong, Porofesa Barney Pityana ga a ise a itsise go boa ga gagwe kwa African National Congress go na le moo, Kabinete e e eteletsweng pele ke [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] e mo tlhomile a na le dingwaga di le masome a supa le borataro go nna modulasetulo wa National Lotteries Commission. [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] t4on32npqusocs5setw7o0w706049u6 0 14854 53888 2026-08-03T19:52:31Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366885145|Cecilia Chimbiri]]" 53888 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Cecilia Chimbiri''' ke molweladitshwanelo tsa puso ya batho ka batho gape e bile ke mosireletsi wa ditshwanelo tsa setho wa kwa zimbabwe. O ne a dira jaaka Modulasetilo wa nama o sa tshwere wa Basha wa MDC Alliance. Ke leloko la mokgatlho wa [[Coalition for Change|Citizens Coalition for Change]] o o eteletsweng pele ke [[Nelson Chamisa]]. == Tiro == == Go thopiwa == == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 267cy9pcxks8r9mfmx2zvnlkdixwudn 53889 53888 2026-08-03T20:24:31Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366885145|Cecilia Chimbiri]]" 53889 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Cecilia Chimbiri''' ke molweladitshwanelo tsa puso ya batho ka batho gape e bile ke mosireletsi wa ditshwanelo tsa setho wa kwa zimbabwe. O ne a dira jaaka Modulasetilo wa nama o sa tshwere wa Basha wa MDC Alliance. Ke leloko la mokgatlho wa [[Coalition for Change|Citizens Coalition for Change]] o o eteletsweng pele ke [[Nelson Chamisa]]. == Tiro == Ka 2009, Cecillia Chimbiri o ne a dira kwa [[Pusong ya Kopano ya Bosetšhaba]] jaaka Mothusa-Tshedimosetso wa ga Mothusatona Professor [[Arthur Mutambara]] . O ne a tlhomiwa mo Thulaganyong ya go Dira Molaomotheo e e tsamaisiwang ke Komiti ya Palamente ya Molaomotheo (COPAC) jaaka Mmegi go fitlha kwa kgatong ya go kwala Molaomotheo jaaka Mothusi wa Botegeniki. Mo kgatong ya patlo maikutlo ya Molaomotheo wa 2013 e ne e le mokwadi wa di-blog wa Tlhopha Ee ya Molaomotheo o o Tsamaisiwang ke Batho ke (Copac). Cecillia Chimbiri o tlhomilwe go nna Modiredi wa Puisano ya Sepolotiki mo Komiting e e Kopanetsweng ya Tlhokomelo le Tiragatso (JOMIC) kwa Kgaolong ya Legare ya Mashonaland a emetse MDC. JOMIC e ne e le kopano ya makoko a le mantsi ya Zimbabwe e e neng ya thankgololwa la ntlha ka Firikgong a le malatsi a masome a mararo ka 2009, go ya ka tumalano ya 2008 ya go abelana maatla ya Zimbabwe. Cecillia Chimbiri o kwadilwe mo polokelotshedimosetsong ya basadi ya Forum 2000 jaaka leloko la phanele ya baitseanape ba ditshwanelo tsa batho e e latelang boswa jwa ga Tautona wa pele wa Czech Václav Havel le go tshegetsa mekgwa ya puso ya batho ka batho le tlotlo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho, mmogo le go thusa tlhabololo ya setšhaba. Ke moithuti wa nako e e fetileng wa Mokgatlho wa Friedrich Nauman, o o neng wa mo kwala mo lenaaneng la mosireletsi wa ditshwanelo tsa setho.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Defender: Fighting for Freedom and Democracy |url=https://www.freiheit.org/sites/default/files/2021-12/fnf-human-rights-defenders_web-final.pdf |access-date=11 December 2022}}</ref> Ke Mothusa Mokwaledi wa Sekolo sa Basadi sa Aforika (kgaolo ya borwa). Ke Mofenyi wa Phetogo mo Mokgatlhong wa Baagi wa Phetogo o o eteletsweng pele ke Tautona Nelson Chamisa mme o sa tswa go tlhomiwa Mokhanselara wa Toropo ya Harare mo karolong ya Basadi ya 30%. == Go thopiwa == == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 3kz99o98tgq2npyd5q96mzqjeyasrq7 2 14855 53890 2026-08-03T20:59:50Z TheAhasan 13056 Created page with "{| border="1" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; background: #F1F8F1; border-collapse: collapse;" | colspan="10" |<div class="plainlinks"><div style="text-align:center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''[https://bn.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%3ATheAhasan TheAhasan] এর উইকিমিডিয়ার অন্য..." 53890 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; background: #F1F8F1; border-collapse: collapse;" | colspan="10" |<div class="plainlinks"><div style="text-align:center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''[https://bn.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%3ATheAhasan TheAhasan] এর উইকিমিডিয়ার অন্যান্য প্রকল্পসমূহ'''</div></div> |- | align="center" valign="top" |[[Setshwantsho:Wikipedia-logo.png|18x18px]] Wikipedia [[:bn:ব্যবহারকারী:TheAhasan|Bangla:]] [[:en:User:TheAhasan|en:]] '''[[:bn:User:TheAhasan|bn:]]''' | align="center" valign="top" |[[Setshwantsho:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|19x19px]] Wiktionary [[wikt:bn:User:TheAhasan|bn:]] [http://www.omegawiki.org/index.php/User:TheAhasan ΩWiki] | align="center" valign="top" |[[Setshwantsho:Wikinews-logo.png|35x35px]] Wikinews [[wikinews:User:TheAhasan|en:]] [[n:bn:User:TheAhasan|bn:]] <div id="cat" class="plainlinks">[https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:TheAhasan bn: in incubator]</div> | align="center" valign="top" |[[Setshwantsho:Wikiquote-logo.png|18x18px]] Wikiquote [[q:bn:User:TheAhasan|bn:]] |- | align="center" valign="top" |[[Setshwantsho:Wikibooks-logo.png|18x18px]] Wikibooks [[b:en:User:TheAhasan|en:]] | align="center" valign="top" |[[Setshwantsho:Wikisource-logo.png|19x19px]] Wikisource [[s:en:User:TheAhasan|en:]] '''[[s:bn:Gebruiker:TheAhasan|bn:]]'''<div class="plainlinks" id="cat">[[oldwikisource:User:TheAhasan|old]]</div> | align="center" valign="top" |[[Setshwantsho:Wikiversity-logo-en.svg|18x18px]] Wikiversity [[:de:v:User:TheAhasan|de:]] [[:en:v:User:TheAhasan|en:]] | align="center" valign="top" |[[Setshwantsho:Wikimedia-logo.png|18x18px]] [[m:User:TheAhasan|Meta]]<div class="plainlinks" id="cat">[[strategy:User:TheAhasan|Strategy]] '''[https://bn.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gebruiker:TheAhasan bn:]''' </div> |- | align="center" valign="top" |[[Setshwantsho:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg|16x16px]] Wikivoyage [[:en:voy:User:TheAhasan|en:]] | align="center" valign="top" |[[Setshwantsho:Wikidata-logo.svg|19x19px|Wikidata]] <div class="plainlinks">[[d:User:TheAhasan|Wikidata]]</div> | align="center" valign="top" |[[Setshwantsho:Commons-logo.svg|19x19px]] [[c:User:TheAhasan|Commons]] | align="center" valign="top" |[[Setshwantsho:Wikifunctions-logo.svg|14x14px]] [[Setshwantsho:Abstract-Wikipedia-wordmark.svg|42x42px]] '''Wikifunctions''' [[f:User:TheAhasan|Functioneer]] |} ba20bm2o46zwbxp4i0gy71we3ngk15u 0 14856 53891 2026-08-04T11:27:41Z JudithShe 9421 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361227533|Joshua Nkomo]]" 53891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo Nkomo''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le bosupa ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a supa – a tlhokafala ka Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe) e ne e le mopolotiki o o dirileng phetogo kwa Zimbabwe <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Barron|first=Ian|date=1986|title=Nkomo Debt to George in 'Banned' Talk: Zimbabwe Premier blocks trip to Vancouver|url=https://cooperative-individualism.org/barron-ian_zimbabwe-joshua-nkomo-prevented-from-travel-to-vancouver-1986-sep-oct.pdf|work=[[Land&Liberty]]}}</ref> o a neng a bereka e le mothusa tautona wa lefatshe la Zimbabwe ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Robert Mugabe go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabaongwe le masome a robabaongwe go fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe. O ne a tlhama le go etelela pele phathi ya Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le motso go fitlhelela, morago ga kgatelelo ya sesole ya kwa lefatsheng leo(e e neng e itsige jaaka Gukurahundi ) kwa bophirima jwa Zimbabwe, e e neng e lebagane thata le baema nokeng ba lotso lwa Ndebele ba ba neng ba eme ZAPU nokeng, ZAPU e ne ya kopana le phathi ya ga Robert Mugabe ya Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bosupa go tlhama ZANU-PF. E ne e le moeteledipele wa mokgatlho wa babereki, mme a tswelela pele go nna tautona wa phathi e e neng e ilediwa ya National Democratic Party , mme a tsenngwa mo kgolegelong dingwaga di le lesome ke puso ya batho ba basweu ya Rhodesia . Morago ga go gololwa ga gagwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabaongwe masome a supa le bone, ZAPU e ne ya nna le seabe mo go phutlhameng ga puso eo, mmogo le ZANU, e e neng ya tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a marataro le boraro. <ref name="Sibanda-2005-90">{{Cite book |last=Sibanda |first=Eliakim M. |year=2005 |title=The Zimbabwe African People's Union 1961–87: A Political History of Insurgency in Southern Rhodesia |publisher=Africa World Press |isbn=978-1-59221-275-0 |location=Trenton, NJ |pages=90–93}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le boraro, ka a ne a boifa ka dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Gukurahundi, Nkomo o ne a sia mo lefatsheng la gaabo. Moragonyana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bosupa, o ne a baya monwana tumalano ya kagisano ya Unity Accord mme se se ne sa baka mekubukubu, tumalano e e ne e tlaa letla ZAPU go kopana le NAZU go emisa kganyaolo. <ref name="Nyarota-2018-p39">{{Cite book |last=Nyarota |first=Geoffrey |year=2018 |title=The Graceless Fall of Robert Mugabe: The End of a Dictator's Reign |publisher=Penguin (Random House) |isbn=978-1-77609-346-5 |location=Cape Town, South Africa |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=mA9mDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT39 39] |chapter=Chapter 3: Silencing divergent voices}}</ref> Nkomo o ne fiwa maina a mantsi a metshameko, a akaretsa la Umafukufuku la puo ya Ndebele, "Father Zimbabwe" ka Sekgowa le Chibwechitedza ("lentswe le le boreledi") ka puo ya seShona. == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Nkomo o tshotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe lesome le bosupa kwa Matopos, Matabeleland, Rhodesia Borwa (kwa e leng Matobo, Zimbabwe gompieno<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Jessup |first=John E. |year=1998 |title=An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996 |publisher=Greenwood Press |page=533}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Metrowich |first=Frederick Redvers |year=1969 |title=Rhodesia: Birth of a Nation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FshBAAAAYAAJ |publisher=Africa Institute |pages=129 |language=en}}</ref> ) E ne e le mongwe wa bana ba robabobedi. Rraagwe (ebong Thomas Nyongolo Letswansto Nkomo ) o ne a bereka e le moreri gape e le molemi morui wa dikgomo mme a berekela Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa Lontone . Mmaagwe e ne e le Mlingo Hadebe. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Morago ga go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe tse di potlana kwa Rhodesia Borwa, Nkomo o ne a dira dithuto tsa go betla kwa sekolong sa madirelo sa puso sa Tsholotsho mme a ithuta teng sebaka sa ngwaga pele ga a nna mokgweetsi. Moragonyana o ne a leka go rua diphologolo, mme morago a nna morutabana wa sekolo yo o itebagantseng le tiro ya go betla kwa sekolong sa Manyame kwa Kezi . Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le bobedi, a le dingwaga di le masome mabedi le botlhano, ka nako ya fa a le morutabana, o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya gore o tshwanetse go ya kwa Aforika Borwa go ya go tsweledisa dithuto tsa gagwe, go dira tiro ya go betla le go itlhatlosa maemo a thuto. O tsene sekolo kwa Adams College le kwa Sekolong sa Jan H. Hofmeyr kwa Aforika Borwa, <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Jessup |first=John E. |year=1998 |title=An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996 |publisher=Greenwood Press |page=533}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJessup1998">Jessup, John E. (1998). ''An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996''. Greenwood Press. p.&nbsp;533.</cite></ref> kwa a neng a kopana teng le [[Nelson Mandela]] le baeteledipele ba bangwe ba mo isagong kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Fort Hare, le ntswa a ne a sa tsene sekolo seo. Ke kwa Sekolong sa Jan Hofmeyr kwa a neng a aloga ka dipoloma ya mmaboipelego ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bobedi. Nkomo o nyetse mosadi wa gagwe Johanna Fuyana ka Phalane a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a mane le borobabongwe. == Dipolotiki ngwaga wa 1947- go tsena 1964 == morago ga go boela kwa Bulawayo ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le bosupa, o ne a nna leloko la mokgatlho wa babereki ba bantsho ba diterena mme a nna moeteledipele wa Mokgatlho wa babereki ba Diterena mme morago ga moo a nna moeteledipele wa kgaolo ya Rhodesia Borwa ya African National Congress . Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a matlhano le boraro o ne a emela ditlhopho tsa Palamente mo ditlhophong tsa ntlha tsa puso, le fa a ne a latlhegelwa. Lekalana la ANC la Rhodesia Borwa le ne la fetoga go nna Southern Rhodesia African National Congress (SRANC), mme ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a matlhano le bosupa Nkomo o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo. <ref name="Encyc-World-Bio" /> Nkomo o ne a le kwa ntle ga lefatshe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a matlhano le borobabaongwe fa SRANC e ne e ilediwa go tsena mo lefatsheng leo, dithoto tsa yone di tsewa, le bontsi jwa baeteledipele ba yone ba tshwarwa. Ka Firkgong a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro, National Democratic Party (NDP) e ne ya tlhamiwa ke Nkomo le ba bangwe go tswa mo boeteledipeleng jwa SRANC go tlhatlhama SRANC e e neng e ileditswe, mme ba amogela maikaelelo a bona le popego ya mokgatlho, ga mmogo le go tsenya maloko. Mo ngwageng oo o ne a nna tautona wa NDP ka kemo nokeng ya ga Robert Mugabe . NDP e ne ya ilediwa ka Morule ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a marataro le motso ke puso ya Rhodesia. Moragonyana fela Nkomo o ne a tlhama Zimbabwe African Peoples Union ( ZAPU ) a na le Samuel Parirenyatwa, Ndabaningi Sithole, Robert Mugabe, le ba bangwe . Phathi eo le yone e ne ya ilediwa ke puso ya batho basweu ba ba kwa Rhodesia dikgwedi di robabongwe moragonyana ka Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bobedi. ZAPU e ne ya kgaogana ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le boraro fa Sithole le Mugabe ba tsaya baema nokeng ba bone mme ba tlhama phathi ya Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). <ref name="Sibanda-2005-90">{{Cite book |last=Sibanda |first=Eliakim M. |year=2005 |title=The Zimbabwe African People's Union 1961–87: A Political History of Insurgency in Southern Rhodesia |publisher=Africa World Press |isbn=978-1-59221-275-0 |location=Trenton, NJ |pages=90–93}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSibanda2005">Sibanda, Eliakim M. (2005). ''The Zimbabwe African People's Union 1961–87: A Political History of Insurgency in Southern Rhodesia''. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">90–</span>93. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-59221-275-0|<bdi>978-1-59221-275-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Fa batho bangwe ba re kgaogano e, e bakilwe ke dikgotlhang gareng ga merafe, kgaogano e ne e tlhotlhelediwa ke go palelwa ga ga Sithole, Mugabe, Takawira le Malianga go amoga taolo ya ZAPU mo go Nkomo. ZAPU e ne ya tswelelela e le phathi ya merafe e e farologaneng go fitlhelela ka boipuso. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Kgotlhang ya dibetsa == Nkomo o ne a tshwarelwa kwa Kampeng ya Gonakudzingwa Restriction ke puso ya ga Ian Smith ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bone, le batho ba ba tshwanang le ene ba ba neng ba le kgatlhanong le puso ebong Ndabaningi Sithole, Edgar Tekere, Enos Nkala, Maurice Nyagumbo, le Mugabe, go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a supa le bone. Paul Tangi Mhova Mkondo moeteledipele wa basha wa baithuti le ene o ne a tshwarwa le bone ka nakwana. Palo e ntsi ya bone ba ne ba gololwa ka ntlha ya kgatelelo ya ga tonakgolo wa Aforika Borwa John Vorster. Morago ga go gololwa ga ga Nkomo, o ne a ya kwa Zambia go tswelela a le kgatlhanong le puso ya Rhodesia ka ditsamaiso tse pedi tsa go nna kgatlhanong le go buisana. [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] q04jg529pv5l96p5nfh3vullawub786