Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 8496 53902 53372 2026-08-06T02:38:25Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53902 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moepo wa diteemane wa [[Toropo ya Jwaneng|Jwaneng]]''' ke one moepo o o h {{Infobox mine|name=Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng|image=Jwaneng Open Mine.jpg|pushpin_map=Botswana location map.svg|location=[[Sekaka sa Kalahari]] Mokgatsha wa noka ya Naledi [[Botswana]]|coordinates=24°31′23″S 24°42′07″E|products=diteemane|opening year=1982}} umileng go gaisa meepo yotlhe mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref>''[http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/03/africa/botswana-diamonds-jwaneng/index.html "Inside the world's richest diamond mine - CNN.com"].'' CNN. Retrieved 2015-12-03</ref> <ref name=":0">Lock, N.(February 2019). "''[https://web.archive.org/web/20221102122028/http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2225-62532019000200010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en Jwaneng - the untold story of the discovery of the world's richest diamond mine"].'' Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.119(2): 155–164. doi: [https://ref.scielo.org/hwrz46 10.17159/2411-9717/2019/v119n2a8]. ISSN 2225-6253</ref> ke one wa bobedi ka bogolo mo lefatsehng ka bophara.<ref>Mala, Alisa (13 April 2024). [https://www.worldatlas.com/industries/the-10-largest-diamond-mines-in-the-world.html "The 10 Largest Diamond Mines In The World".] ''WorldAtlas''. Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> O filwe leina la motshameko la "kgosana ya meepo"<ref name=":0" />o kwa legare la borwa, mo Botswana dikhilomithara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a supa kwa borwabophirima jwa [[Gaborone]].<ref name=":1">Mining Technology (29 February 2024). [https://www.mining-technology.com/projects/jwaneng-diamond-mine/ "Jwaneng Diamond Mine, Botswana".] Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> Leina [[Toropo ya Jwaneng|Jwaneng]] le raya lefelo la majwana a mantle,<ref>Benson, Steven (28 April 2021). [https://www.middiamonds.com/the-diamond-blog/worlds-richest-open-pit-diamond-mine-to-become-the-worlds-largest-underground-mine/ "World's richest open-pit diamond mine to become the world's largest underground mine".] ''MID House of Diamonds''. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> moepo wa Jwaneng o raya kwa go bonwang majwana teng ka Setswana.<ref name=":2">Debswana (2023a)[https://www.debswana.com/Operations/Pages/Jwaneng-Mine.aspx . "Debswana Jwaneng Mine".] Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> Moepo o ke wa kompone ya [[:en:Debswana|Debswana]], e e leng tirisanommogo gareng ga kompone ya [[:en:De_Beers|De Beers]] le goromente wa [[Botswana]].<ref name=":1" /> O simolotse go bereka ka ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi.<ref name=":0" /> Moepo o ke one gape o o tlhokomelang le go laola sepatela mo Jwaneng le maemelo difofane a Jwaneng.<ref>[https://healthshare.co.za/about/our-client-success-stories/jwaneng-orapa-mine-hospitals/ "Jwaneng & Orapa Mine Hospitals".] ''Healthshare''. 2021. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref><ref>Debswana (2023b). [https://www.debswana.com/Sustainability/Pages/Our-Community.aspx "Debswana Community".] Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070203101929/http://www.dca.gov.bw/index.php?sectid=247 "Ministry of Works & Transport: Department of Civil Aviation: Jwaneng Aerodrome".] ''Ministry of Works and Transport (Botswana)''. Archived from the original on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> Moepo o o na le setlankana sa tikologo e e siameng sa ISO 14001, e le one moepo wa ntlha mo Botswana go fitlhelela setlankana seo ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi.<ref>[https://www.parliament.gov.bw/images/EXCURSIONS-WEB.pdf "EXCURSIONS: Debswana Mine, Botswana Meat Commission, and Culture Day"] (PDF). ''Parliament of Botswana''. 2018. Retrieved 127 July 2026</ref> == Ditso == === Go bonwa ga pele le go tlhatlhobiwa ga pele === Ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa, ditlhotlhomiso tse di tseneletseng tsa majwe ke kompone ya De Beers. Ditshekatsheko di ne tsa baka go supiwa ga moepo wa jwaneng ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro,<ref name=":3">Lock, Norman (2019). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20221102122036/http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2225-62532019000200010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en Jwaneng - the untold story of the discovery of the world's richest diamond mine".] ''Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy''. '''119''' (2): 155. Bibcode:2019JSAIM.119....8L. doi:10.17159/2411-[https://web.archive.org/web/20221102122036/http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2225-62532019000200010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en 9717/2019/v119n2a8.] ISSN&nbsp;2225-6253.</ref>morago ga dingwaga di robabongwe tsa gos ekaseka le go aga o ne wa simoloa go bereka mo go tletseng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le motso, dithane di le didikadike di le lekgolo le bosupa tsa majwe di ne tsa epiwa.<ref name=":2" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le boraro, o ne wa ntsha didikadike di le lesome le boraro tsa dikharete tsa diteemane.<ref name=":4">[[:en:Diamond_Trading_Company|DTC]] (2024). "Jwaneng". Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> === Tlhabololo le kago === [[Setshwantsho:Plot of regional DSS ilmenite grain counts, Jwaneng diamond mine.jpg|thumb]] {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !ditirelo !baithuta marope !tse ba di boneng !Dintlha !Motswedi |- |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bobedi |go tlhatlhoba tsela |Jim Gibson/Jim Platt |dikai tse di senang kungwa | | rowspan="16" |<ref>Lock, Norman (2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20221102122036/http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2225-62532019000200010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en "Jwaneng - the untold story of the discovery of the world's richest diamond mine".] ''Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy''. '''119''' (2): 155. Bibcode:2019JSAIM.119....8L. doi:10.17159/2411-9717/2019/v119n2a8. ISSN&nbsp;2225-6253.</ref> |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le boraro | colspan="3" rowspan="6" |go ne go sena tiragalo epe | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bone | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le botlhano | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borataro | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bosupa | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borobabobedi | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borobabongwe |go tlhatlhoba mmu |Mike Whateley/Keith Huxham le ba bangwe |sesupo sa ntlha sa kimberlite e tlhomamisitswe ke DRL | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa |go tlhatlhobiwa mo go tseneletseng ga mmu | rowspan="2" |Mike Whateley/Bruce Lynn |tswelelo pele ya tshupo ya kimberlite | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bongwe |go tlhatlhobiwa ga seretse mo go tseneletseng |2424D/K1 | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bobedi |go epiwa kwa teng |Peter Bickerstaff |2424D/K2 | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro |go tlhatlhoba mmu mo go tseneletseng. go tlhatlhoba seretse mo go tseneletseng. go epa |Stuart Vercoe/Norman Lock |2424D/K2 | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bone |go epiwa ga mmu, go tlhatlhobiwa ga mmu le seretse mo go tseneletseng | rowspan="4" |Stuart Vercoe le ba bangwe |2424KD/K3 le 2424KD/K4 | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano | rowspan="3" |go epiwa ga mmu, go tlhatlhobiwa ga mmu le seretse mo go tseneletseng |2424D/K5 le 2424KD/K6 | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borataro |2424KD/K7 | |- |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bosupa |2424KD/K8 | |} == Popego == Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng o kwa masimong a Orapa.<ref>De Beers (2022)[https://www.debeersgroup.com/our-business/exploration-and-mining . "Botswana".] Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> Kwa moepong go na le phaephe ya Jwaneng<ref>[https://idma.diamonds/galleries/jwaneng-diamond-mine-tour-excerpts/ "Jwaneng Diamond Mine tour - excerpts".] ''International Diamond Manufacturers Association''. 10 April 2011. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> e e tlhamilweng ka nako ya Permian.<ref>Schlüter, Thomas (2006). ''Geological Atlas of Africa'' (PDF). Germany: Springer. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-540-29144-2|<bdi>978-3-540-29144-2</bdi>.]]</ref> Moepo o na le diphaephe tsa kimberlite di le tharo. <ref>[[:en:NASA_Earth_Observatory|NASA Earth Observatory]] (26 October 2008). [https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/35585/jwaneng-diamond-mine-botswana "Jwaneng Diamond Mine, Botswana"]. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> Ditshipi tse di nang le teemane di epiwa go tswa mo lehuting le letona di isiwa kwa mafelo a a dirang.<ref>Eligon, John; Silva, Joao (29 June 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/29/world/africa/botswana-diamonds-de-beers.html "Is Botswana Getting a Raw Deal From De Beers Diamonds?"]. ''The New York Times''. ISSN&nbsp;0362-4331. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref><ref>Davies, Aura (5 October 2023). [https://goop.com/style/ask-an-editor/how-are-diamonds-mined/ "How Diamonds are Mined, Processed, and Cut in Botswana"]. ''Goop''. Archived from the original on 3 May 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2026</ref> == Ditlamorago tsa itsholelo == === Tsa pereko === Moepo o o thapa batho ba feta dikete pedi le makgolo a matlhano go ya ka dipalo tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone.<ref name=":4" /> Porojeke e tona e ikaelela go atolosa ditirelo kwa Jwaneng ka go tlhama ditiro di le dikete di le nne le makgolo a mane kgotsa go feta ka ngwaga, e solofetswe go tsenya dibilone di feta masome a mabedi le botlhano tsa di dolara mo itsholelong ya Botswana. Porojeke e gape e ikaelela go oketsa boteng jwa moepo go tswa mo dimithareng di le makgolo a mane go ya kwa go di le makgolo a marataro le masome a matlhano.<ref name=":4" /> == Metswedi == sq4b91b0baygybucf43bbo6qdbqn7yu 0 11768 53903 44555 2026-08-06T04:28:24Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Xoli Zondi|other names=Xoli Zondi-Zamisa|birth_name=Xolisile Zondi|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1983|9|17}}|birth_place=[[Mpumalanga, near Hammarsdale KwaZulu-Natal|Mpumalanga]], South Africa|resting place coordinates=<!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->|alma mater=[[Durban University of Technology]]|occupation=Actress, Model|years active=2004–present|spouse(s)=Phiwokuhle Zamisa (m. 2017)|children=2}} '''Xolisile Zamisa''' ('''[[Née]]''' '''Zondi''') kgotsa fela '''Xoli Zondi-Zamisa''' (o tshotswe ka letsatsi la bo lesome lle bosupa ka Lwetse 1983), ke modiragatsi le motlelara wa Aforika Borwa. O tumile thata ka dikarolo tsa gagwe mo difiliming tsa thelebišene tsa ''Family Bonds'', ''Generations'' le ''Single Galz''. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Zondi o tshotswe Lwetse a le lesome le bosupa 1983 kwa [[Hammarsdale]], Aforika Borwa. O weditse diploma ya dithuto tsa drama kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Thekenoloji ya Durban]] ka 2003.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20251123010719/https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=7095 "Xoli Zondi: TVSA"]. ''www.tvsa.co.za''. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025.</ref> O na le morwadi a le mongwe yo o bidiwang Mandy go tswa mo botsalanong a sa ntse a le monnye thata, kwa a neng a ima teng a le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro.<ref>Digital, Drum. [https://www.news24.com/drum/news/xoli-zondi-shares-her-joy-20170728 "Xoli Zondi shares her joy"]. ''Drum''. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>Faeza. [https://www.news24.com/drum/archive/actress-xoli-zondi-didnt-let-pregnancy-at-a-young-age-get-her-down-20170728 "Actress Xoli Zondi didn't let pregnancy at a young age get her down"]. ''Drum''. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025.</ref> O nyetswe ke Phiwokuhle Zamisa, mokhanselara wa kgotlana, kwa lenyalo le le neng la ketekelwa teng ka Sedimonthole a tlhola gabedi ka 2017.<ref>Digital, Drum. "[https://www.news24.com/drum/news/pictures-generations-actress-says-i-do-20170802 PICTURES: Generations actress says I do".] ''Drum''. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025. 30 Phalane 2025. </ref><ref>Faeza. [https://www.news24.com/drum/archive/pics-inside-xoli-zondis-traditional-wedding-20170802 "Pics: Inside Xoli Zondi's traditional wedding"]. ''Drum''. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2017-12-08-newly-wed-xoli-zondi-shares-her-love-story-from-seperation-to-marriage/ <nowiki>"Newly-wed Xoli Zondi shares her love story: From seperation [sic] to marriage"</nowiki>]. ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025.</ref> Banyalani ba ba na le morwadi a le mongwe, Ukusa Zamisa yo o tshotsweng Phalane a le masome mabedi le borataro ka 2018.<ref>Mkhize, Lesego. [https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/xoli-zondi-shares-snaps-of-her-baby-bump-20180813 "IN PICS: Actress Xoli Zondi reveals pregnancy"]. ''Drum''. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>Gwala, Nompilo. [https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/pic-xoli-zondi-gives-birth-to-her-daughter-20181030 "PIC: Xoli Zondi gives birth to her daughter"]. ''Drum''. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Tiro == Ka ngwaga wa 2004, o ne a simolola go diragatsa mo didrameng tsa bobogelo. Ka 2006, o ne a tsenelela motshameko wa metlae wa SABC1 wa ''Family Bonds'' mme a tshameka karolo ya "Winnie".<ref>Digital, Drum. [https://www.news24.com/drum/news/catching-up-with-xoli-zondi-20170728 "Catching up with Xoli Zondi"]. ''Drum''. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025.</ref> Motseletsele oo o ne wa ratwa thata, mme o ne a tswelela go tshameka karolo eo go fitlha ka 2009.<ref>[https://youthvillage.co.za/2016/10/ex-generations-actress-xoli-zondi-says-wont-date-pretty-boys/ "Ex-Generations Actress Xoli Zondi Says She Won't Date 'Pretty Boys"]. ''Youth Village''. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025.</ref> Morago ga moo, o ne a tshameka karolo e e tumileng ya "Zodwa Mabena" mo soapie ya SABC1 ya ''Generations'' go tloga ka 2010 go fitlha ka 2014.<ref>Digital, Drum. [https://www.news24.com/drum/news/generations-xoli-is-chasing-a-dream-20170728 "Generations' Xoli is chasing a dream"]. ''Drum''. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>Digital, Drum. [https://www.news24.com/drum/news/is-there-life-after-zodwa-20170728 "Is there life after Zodwa?"]. ''Drum''. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025.</ref> Mo karolong eno, o ne a tlhophelwa Sekgele sa Modiragatsi yo o Tlhomologileng wa Motshegetsi kwa Dikabong tsa Royalty Soapie tsa 2013.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/drum/archive/nominees-announced-for-the-royalty-soapie-awards-mzansi-magics-popular-isibaya-leads-with-19-nominations-20170728 "Nominees announced for the Royalty Soapie Awards Mzansi Magic's popular ISIBAYA leads with 19 nominations"]. ''Drum''. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka 2013, o ne a tlhagelela mo kgaolong ya borataro ya "Hamba Voetsek" ya paka ya botlhano ya motseletsele wa dibuka tsa e.tv wa ''eKasi: Our Stories'' ka seabe sa "Smangele".<ref name=":0" /> Ka 2014, o ne a tshameka karolo ya "Ntsiki", mo polelong ya SABC1 ya ''Single Galz.'' Ka 2016, o ne a tshameka karolo ya go tshegetsa "Nqobile Gigaba" mo motseletseleng wa drama ya Mzansi Magic, ''Greed and Desire''.<ref>Digital, Drum. [https://www.news24.com/drum/news/xolis-back-on-our-screens-20170728 "Xoli's back on our screens"]. ''Drum''. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka 2020, o ne a tsenelela motseletsele wa drama wa e.tv, ''Imbewu'' e le moanelwa yo o lwalang tlhaloganyo "Violet".<ref>Mazibuko, Nonkululeko. [https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/xoli-zamisa-zondi-takes-on-mental-illness-in-her-new-role-on-imbewu-20201016 "Xoli Zondi-Zamisa takes on mental illness in her new role on Imbewu"]. ''Drum''. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2015.</ref><ref>[https://iharare.com/xoli-zondi-zamisa-returns-to-tv-with-role-on-imbewu-the-seed/ "Xoli Zondi-Zamisa Returns To TV With Role On Imbewu: The Seed"]. ''iHarare News''. 13 October 2020. Retrieved 30 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Bodiragatsi == {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga !Filimi !Karolo !Genre !Ref. |- |2006 |''Family Bonds'' |Winnie |TV series | |- |2010 |''Generations'' |Zodwa Mabena |TV series | |- |2013 |''eKasi: Our Stories'' |Smangele |TV series | |- |2014 |''[[Zaziwa]]'' |Herself |TV series | |- |2014 |''Mzansi Love'' |Londiwe |TV series | |- |2014 |''Single Galz'' |Ntsiki |TV series | |- |2015 |''Him, Her & the Guys'' |Ntombi Mkhize |TV series | |- |2015 |''Zabalaza'' |Amahle |TV series | |- |2016 |''Greed and Desire'' |Nqobile Gigaba |TV series | |- |2017 |''Easy Money'' |Khosi |TV series | |- |2019 |''[[Isipho]]'' |Nkanyezi Shezi |TV series | |- |2021 |[[Imbewu: The Seed]] |Violeta Vilakazi |TV Series | |} == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] glyw0zc0tqdbuf9c7cfudo5aonbvccs 0 13507 53901 53838 2026-08-06T00:53:39Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 53901 wikitext text/x-wiki Maikarabelo a go tlamela ka metsi kwa Nigeria a abelanwa ke maphata a le mararo a puso  ⁇  ya bosetšhaba, ya porofense le ya selegae. Puso ya selegae e na le maikarabelo a go laola metswedi ya metsi; dipuso tsa diporofense di na le maikarabelo a magolo a go tlamela metse ka metsi; mme dipuso tsa selegae mmogo le baagi di na le maikarabelo a go tlamela metse ka metsi kwa magaeng. Boikarabelo jwa go phepafatsa ga bo tlhalosiwe sentle.<ref>[https://www.africaportal.org/documents/8111/Joe_Goldface_en.pdf Goldface–Irokalibe, Joe. Water Management In Federal And Federal –Type Countries: Nigerian Perspectives] (PDF) (Report). pp. 14–15. Retrieved 28 May 2021.</ref> Boleng jwa tirelo ya metsi le go busediwa ga ditshenyegelo tsa one go kwa tlase. Ditheko tsa metsi di kwa tlase mme batho ba le bantsi ba ba dirisang metsi ga ba duele dikoloto tsa bone. Ka jalo batlamedi ba ditirelo ba ikaega thata ka dithuso tsa nakwana go duelela ditshenyegelo tsa bona tsa tiragatso. <ref>[http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=ENV/WKP(2020)13&docLanguage=En "Addressing the social consequences of tariffs for water supply"]</ref> Dipholisi tsa Bosetšhaba le Maitlhomo di rotloetsa go nna le seabe ga lephata la poraefete le go fetola pholisi kwa maemong a Puso.<ref name=":0">USAID: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090730015346/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADO937.pdf Nigeria Water and Sanitation Profile, ca]. 2007</ref>Tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe ya bosetšhaba e lemoga botlhokwa jwa tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe jaaka e le botlhokwa mo setšhabeng se se itekanetseng le tlhabololo ya bosetšhaba.<ref>Adeoti, O. (2007-02-01). "Challenges to managing water resources along the hydrological boundaries in Nigeria". ''Water Policy''. '''9''' (1): 105–118. Bibcode:[[doi:10.2166/wp.2006.002|2007WaPol...9..105A]]. doi:10.2166/wp.2006.002. ISSN 1366-7017.</ref> Mo dipotsolotsong, Olukemi Badenoch, moeteledipele wa Conservative Party, o ne a bolela gore fa a ne a sa le ngwana kwa Nigeria, ba lelapa la gaabo ba ne ba na le mathata a go se nne le metsi le motlakase, mme seo se ne sa ama tsela e a lebang dipolotiki ka yone. O ne a tsopola maitemogelo a gagwe jaaka karolo ya lebaka la go bo a tsaya botsitso jwa mafaratlhatlha le mebaraka e e gololesegileng e le botlhokwa, ka a bone ka matlho dikgwetlho tsa go tshela ntle le go fitlhelela ditirelo tsa motheo. == Go tsena == Baithaopi ba phepafatsa mesele ya metsi kwa Ilorin, Nigeria ka letsatsi la boithatelo. Tota le fa go na le mafaratlhatlha a a lekaneng a go boloka le go dira gore go nne le thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, go ka nna ga se ka ga nna jalo kwa [[Nigeria]]. Go kgotlelwa ga polasetiki go kgoreletsa go dirisiwa ga metsi a a leswe mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2015, 67% ya baagi ba Nigeria ba ne ba kgona go bona metsi a motheo.<ref>[https://www.waterwide.org/water-nigerians-deserves/ "Water Nigerians Deserves".] Retrieved 2023-03-20</ref><ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20161109030735/http://www.washwatch.org/en/countries/nigeria/summary/statistics/ "Nigeria"]. ''WASHWatch''. Retrieved 21 March 2017</ref>Palo eno e ne e le 82% ya batho ba ba nnang mo ditoropong le 54% ya batho ba ba nnang kwa magaeng. Bontsi jwa batho kwa Nigeria ga ba na metsi a a phepa, segolo thata kwa mafelong a magae.<ref>[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/262663-69-million-nigerians-lack-access-to-safe-water-unicef.html "69 million Nigerians lack access to safe water- UNICEF | Premium Times Nigeria".] 2018-03-22. Retrieved 2022-03-01</ref> Dipalopalo tsa lefatshe ka bophara tsa metsi le boitekanelo di supa gore 79% ya batho ba Nigeria ba na le mathata a tlhaelo ya metsi. <ref>[https://tribuneonlineng.com/hazards-of-contaminated-water/ "Hazard of contaminated water".] ''Nigerian Tribune''. 27 January 2022.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2015, batho ba ka nna dimilione di le 60 ba ne ba sa kgone go bona metsi a "bonnye". Malebana le go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, ke 33% fela ya baagi ba ba neng ba kgona go fitlhelela "bonnye" jwa go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse. Palo eno e ne e le 39% ya batho ba ba nnang mo ditoropong le 27% ya batho ba ba nnang kwa magaeng. Batho ba ba ka nnang dimilione di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le bobedi (122) ba ne ba sa ntse ba sa kgone go fitlhelela "bonnye jwa motheo" jwa go nna phepa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161109030735/http://www.washwatch.org/en/countries/nigeria/summary/statistics/ "Nigeria"]. ''WASHWatch''. Retrieved 21 March 2017.</ref><ref>[[:en:Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Nigeria#cite_note-12|WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation.]]</ref> Mo mafelong a ditoropo, go fitlhelela diphaepe tsa metsi go ne ga emisetsa go fitlhelela metsi ka diphaepe.<ref>"UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/Wider)". ''Poverty and Undernutrition'': ii. 2000-10-05. doi:[[doi:10.1093/0198292686.001.0001.002.002|10.1093/0198292686.001.0001.002.002.]] ISBN <bdi>0-19-829268-6</bdi>.</ref> Go nna le thulaganyo e e lekaneng ya go tlosa leswe gantsi go dirwa ka ditanka tsa septic, ka gonne ga go na thulaganyo ya go tsamaisa leswe. Dipalopalo tse di malebana le go fitlhelela metsi le kgeleloleswe di a ganetsana ka ntlha ya ditlhaloso tse di sa tshwaneng, ditshupo le mekgwa e e farologaneng e e dirisiwang ke ditheo tse di farologaneng. Ga go na le fa e le go lekola lephata lepe fela. <ref>[[:en:Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Nigeria#cite_note-14|John Gambo Laah, Ph.D., Water and Sanitation Monitoring Platform (WSMP),]] Nigeria: Nigeria Water and Sanitation Summary Sheet, no date</ref> Go ya ka Guardian News: "Mookamedi wa Advocacy, Policy and Communication, Water Aid Nigeria, Kolawole Banwo, o rile mo dikgaolong tsa puso ya selegae di le makgolo a supa le masome a supa le bone (774) mo Nigeria, ke di le masome a supa le borataro (76) fela tse di senang maemo a go ntsha mantle mo nageng, bothata jono jwa boitekanelo e sa ntse e le bothata jo bo masisi jo bo tlhokang kgato e e potlakileng".<ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220301105621/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/40-of-fct-residents-into-open-defecation/ "40% of FCT residents into open defecation".] ''The Guardian''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2022-02-06. Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2022-03-01</ref> Go ya ka pego e e gatisitsweng ke Amnesty International ka kgwedi ya Lwetse , khampani ya oli ya Shell le puso ya Rivers State, kwa borwa jwa Nigeria ga di dire go le gontsi go tlamela metsi a a phepa kwa Ogale, lefelo le le kwa ntle ga motsemoshate. Banni ba patelesega go reka metsi ka ditlhwatlhwa tse di sa kgonegeng kgotsa go nwa metsi a a tswang mo didibeng tse di kgotletsweng ka benzene.<ref name=":3">[https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR4491722018ENGLISH.pdf "COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA DRINKING POLLUTED WATER"] (PDF). Amnesty International. Retrieved 27 September 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/common-water-issues "Common Water Issues | U.S. Geological Survey"]. ''www.usgs.gov''. Retrieved 2022-02-27</ref> == Boleng jwa tirelo tsa metsi == Go ya ka World Bank, ka ngwaga wa 2010, "ditirelo tsa ntshokuno ya metsi kwa Nigeria di ne di sa dire ka bokgoni jo bo siameng ka ntlha ya didiriso tse di senyegileng, kgotsa go tlhoka motlakase kgotsa mafura a go pompa".<ref>[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2010/04/22/new-project-to-bring-clean-water-to-50000-households "New Project to Bring Clean Water to 50,000 Households".] ''World Bank''. Retrieved 2020-05-29.</ref> Ditshenyegelo tsa go dira tsa ditheo tsa metsi di okediwa ke tlhokego ya go ikaega ka dijenereitara tsa disele kgotsa le e leng go ikagela dimela tsa tsone tsa motlakase, ka gore motlakase ga o tle ka metlha. Didiriswa le diphaepe di tlhokomelwa sentle, go isa kwa go tlamelweng ga metsi ka dinako tse di rileng le kwa maemong a a kwa godimo a metsi a a senang lotseno.<ref>World Bank:[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/NIGERIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22553025~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:368896,00.html New Project to Bring Clean Water to 50,000 Households], 22 April 2010</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2000, mo e ka nnang selekanyo sa masome a ferangbobedi (80% )ya ditsamaiso tsa metsi tse di neng di le mo mmusong (tse di neng di tsamaisiwa ke setšhaba) mo ditoropong tse dinnye di ne di sa dire.<ref name=":4">World Bank/Federal Republic of Nigeria:[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NIGERIAEXTN/Resources/wss_1100.pdf Water Supply & Sanitation Interim Strategy Note,] November 2000, retrieved on April 11, 201</ref> Ka go dira dipeeletso le go aga bokgoni jwa baagi, tiriso ya mafelo a metsi e ka okediwa mo nakong e khutshwane. Ka sekai, mo metseng e e neng e tshegediwa ke UNICEF kwa Kwara State, tiro e ne ya tokafala go tswa go masome ma matlhano le boraro (53%) go ya go 98%, mme kwa Kebbi state, tiro ya go epa e ne ya tokafala go tswa go 12% go ya go 88%. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga go itsege sentle gore didirisiwa tseno di tla tswelela go dira sentle jang mo nakong e telele, morago ga gore ditsereganyo tsa boditšhabatšhaba di fele. Mo ngwagasomeng wa bobedi wa dingwaga tsa bo-2000, e ne ya lekanngwa ka go nna teng ga di-metalloid mo go tlameleng metsi a a dirisediwang batho le temothuo, mo mabakeng a mangwe ka boleng jo bo fetang melelwane ya boditšhabatšhaba ya WHO (sekao, mo mafelong a a dikologileng Zaria, <ref name=":5">Philip Njoku Obasi; Bennard Benedict Akudinobi (2020). [[doi:10.1007/s13201-020-01233-z|"Potential health risk and levels of heavy metals in water resources of lead–zinc mining communities of Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria".]] ''Applied Water Science''. '''10''' (article number 184): 184. Bibcode:2020ApWS...10..184O. doi:10.1007/s13201-020-01233-z. S2CID 220375764.</ref>Abakaliki, <ref name=":5" />Ibadan <ref>Effiong Ukorebi Etim (March 1, 2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6236527 "Occurrence and Distribution of Arsenic, Antimony and Selenium in Shallow Groundwater Systems of Ibadan Metropolis, Southwestern Nigerian".] ''Journal of Health and Pollution''. '''7''' (13): 32–41. doi:10.5696/2156-9614-7-13.32. ISSN 2156-9614. PMC 6236527. <nowiki>PMID 30524812</nowiki>. S2CID 54448087.</ref> <ref>Christiana Ndidi Egbinolacorresponding; Amobichukwu Chukwudi Amanambu (2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447718 "Groundwater contamination in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria"]. ''SpringerPlus''. '''3''' 448. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-448. PMC 4447718. <nowiki>PMID 26034666</nowiki></ref>le Onitsha). Kgotlelo ya dimetaloid le segolo thata ya arsenic- e farologana ka selekanyo se se maleba mo setlheng sa komelelo le sa pula, ka ntlha ya go ntshiwa ga diminerale mo metsing a sediba le a diforo le ka bontlhabongwe mo ditirong tsa madirelo a meepo.<ref>. Citation: [https://web.archive.org/web/20200712184702/http://jett.dormaj.com/docs/Volume3/Issue%201/html/Level%20of%20arsenic%20in%20potable%20water%20sources%20in%20Nigeria%20and%20their%20potential%20health%20impacts%20A%20review.htm ''High arsenic concentrations can occur locally in surface waters (as well as ground waters) in areas of bedrock sulphide mineralization or mining activity, industrial contaminations, or areas affected by geothermal activity and in surface waters that are fed by high-arsenic groundwater''.]</ref><ref name=":5" />Boemo jo bo tshwanang jwa setlha sa arsenic bo lemogilwe mo dithishung tsa mesifa ya mefuta ya ditlhapi tsa kwa tlase ga lewatle.<ref>Citation: ''[https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201700277593 This calls for continuous monitoring and enforcement of regulations to ensure safety of fishery resources from Lagos Lagoon.]''</ref>Ka jalo, bothata jwa kgotlelo ga bo a rarabololwa ka botlalo le fa e le mo indasetering ya ditlhapi ya Nigeria mme go tlhokega dipatlisiso tse dingwe (kgotsa melawana). == Bokgoni == Metsi le kgelelo-leswe ga di a tlamelwa sentle mo Nigeria. <ref>Obeta, Michael Chukwuma; Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (2015). [https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/jengeo.2015.8.issue-3-4/jengeo-2015-0009/jengeo-2015-0009.xml "Factors Responsible For Rural Residential Water Supply Shortage In Southeastern Nigeria"]. ''Journal of Environmental Geography''. '''8''' (3–4): 21–32. doi:10.1515/jengeo-2015-0009 – via De Gruyter.</ref>Ka sekai, ditheo tsa metsi tsa puso di na le badiri ba bantsi thata. Ka ngwaga wa 2000, go ne go na le badiri ba ka nna masome a supa (70) mo badirising ba le sekete (1 000) mo ditheong tsa metsi tsa puso, fa go bapisiwa le kelo ya tiragatso e e gaisang ya 3.5.<ref name=":4" />Metsi a e seng a lotseno gantsi a feta 50%.<ref name=":0" /> === Abuja === Millennium Park e e kwa Abuja, e metsi a yone a tlamelwang ka metsi a ntseng a okediwa Motsemogolo wa Nigeria, Abuja, o bona karolo ya metsi a one a a nowang mo letamong la Lower Usuma Dam. Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 2013, Federal Capital Territory Water Board (FCTWB) e leng setheo se se rweleng maikarabelo a go tlamela metsi a a nowang mo Federal Capital Territory se ne sa simolola go dira karolo ya boraro le ya bone ya porojeke ya Lower Usman Dam Treatment Plant (LUDWTP) e e simolotseng ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 2011. Dikarolo tsotlhe tsa porojeke (karolo 1, 2, 3, le 4) le letamo la letamo la Gurara ke motswedi wa metsi a a sa tlhotlhiwang go tswa mo letamong la letamo la Lower Usuma le fa le kopantswe, le na le bokgoni jwa go dira dilitara di le dimilione di le makgolo a supa le masome a mabedi (720) tsa metsi a a phepa ka letsatsi go ya kwa Abuja le baagisani ba gagwe.<ref>[https://dailytrust.com/ "Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics | Dailytrust".] ''Daily Trust''. Retrieved 2022-02-16.</ref><ref>[https://www.water-technology.net/projects/lower-usuma-dam-water-treatment-plant-expansion-abuja/ "Lower Usuma Dam Water Treatment Plant Expansion, Abuja - Water Technology".] ''www.water-technology.net''. Retrieved 2022-03-13.</ref> Metsi a a leswe a phepafadiwa kwa Federal Capital Territory Sewage Treatment Plant e e leng kwa kgaolong ya Wupa kwa Abuja, e agilwe ke SCC Nigeria Limited mme e laetswe ke Moporesitente Olusegun Obasanjo.<ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/01/abuja-sewage-treatment-plant-runs-on-generators-for-13-years/ "Abuja Sewage Treatment Plant runs on generators for 13 years".] ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2021-01-23. Retrieved 2022-03-13</ref> === Enugu === Kakaretso ya toropo ya Enugu Enugu ke porofense e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Nigeria. Enugu State Water Corporation ke setheo se se rweleng maikarabelo a go tlamela ka metsi mo Enugu State, se eteletswe pele ke motsamaisi-mogolo. Go se nne teng ga metsi a a lekaneng e ntse e le nngwe ya dikgwetlho tse dikgolo tsa puso ya Enugu e e ka nnang ya bo e le ka ntlha ya go sa tsamaisiweng sentle ga mafaratlhatlha le kgogolego kwa Ajali Water Works e e tlamelang 77,000 m3 ya metsi letsatsi le letsatsi. <ref name=":6">[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/11/03/changing-the-narrative-on-enugu-water-problem-from-the-root/ "Changing the Narrative on Enugu Water Problem from the Root"]. ''This Day''. 2021-11-03. Retrieved 2022-03-13.</ref>Ntlo ya Palamente ya Enugu State ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2021 e fetisitse molao o o tshwailweng ka "tshwanelo ya go fitlhelela metsi le ditirelo tsa boitekanelo". Molaotlhomo ono o ne wa tlisiwa ka maiteko a go tokafatsa tlamelo ya metsi le ditirelo tsa boitekanelo mo nageng. <ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/enugu-assembly-passes-bill-to-improve-water-supply-sanitation/ "Enugu Assembly passes bill to improve water supply, sanitation".] ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2021-07-28. Retrieved 2022-02-17.</ref> Puso ya Enugu State e simolotse go tsosolosa 9th Mile Crash Programme ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 2021 morago ga gore porojeke eno e emisiwe dingwaga tse di fetang masome a mararo (30). Porojeke eno e dirilwe ke FordMarx Nigeria Limited. <ref name=":6" /> === Lagos === Motse o mogolo go gaisa otlhe mo Nigeria ka palo ya baagi, Lagos o dikologilwe ke metsi a lewatle le lekadiba. Phesente e e fopholediwang ya metsi a a phepa mo toropong e ka nna 81.32%. <ref>Lagos Water Corporation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120323021344/http://www.lagoswater.org/about_us.php "Organisation History"]. Retrieved 12 April 2012.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, e re ka metsi a a seng phepa a a mo letsheng a kgotletswe thata, motse o bona metsi a one go tswa mo dinokeng tsa Ogun le Owo. Lefelo la bogologolo la go phepafatsa metsi mo toropong eno, le le kwa Iju mo Nokeng ya Ogun, le ne la agiwa ka ngwaga wa 1910. E ne ya okediwa ka dikgato go nna digalase di le dimilione di le masome a mane le botlhano (45) ka letsatsi. Semela se sengwe se sennye se ne sa agiwa kwa Ishashi mo Nokeng ya Owo ka ngwaga tsa bo1970. Motšhine o mogolo go gaisa o o kileng wa agiwa o ne wa tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa1991 kwa Adiyan ka bokgoni jwa digalase di le dimilione di le masome a supa (70) ka letsatsi. Gape e tswa mo Nokeng ya Owo. Gape go na le di-mini-waterworks di le supa tse di tserweng go tswa mo metsweding ya selegae tse di nang le bokgoni jo bo kopaneng jwa lesome le boferabobedi (18m) gallons ka letsatsi. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241104184550/http://watercorporation.lagosstate.gov.ng/ "Lagos State Water Corporation".] ''Lagos State Water Corporation''. Retrieved 2022-03-01.</ref>Lekgotla la Metsi la Lagos le bolela gore metsi a a tlhagisitsweng mo semeleng a fitlhelela maemo a a kwa godimo, le gore a tlamela "metsi a a bolokesegileng a go nwa ka selekanyo se se lekaneng le ka metlha go batho ba ba fetang dimilione di le 12,5 kwa Legos State". <ref>Lagos State Water Corporation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160201020415/http://lagoswater.org/index.php "Welcome to the Official Website of the LSWC".] Retrieved 12 April 2012.</ref> LASWARCO (Lagos Water Corporation) le yone e simolotse loeto lwa go ya go ithuta kwa Lekgotleng la Bosetšhaba la tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe mo Zambia gore go tle go rarabololwe mabaka a motheo a a bakang bothata jwa tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe le ditsela tse di tlhokegang tsa go rarabolola bothata jono.Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi a kgotlelwa gantsi mo kgwebong ya kabo mme batho ga ba tshepe boleng jwa metsi a pompo. Go kgaoga ga motlakase go kgoreletsa ditlamelo tsa go phepafatsa go dira go sa kgaotse. Le fa go ntse jalo, semela sa motlakase sa 12.15 MW se ne se ntse se agiwa ka ngwaga wa 2012 go tlamela ka motlakase kwa mafelong a go phepafatsa metsi a Adiyan, Iju le Akute. <ref name=":7">[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/04/lagos-water-everywhere-but-not-to-drink/ "Lagos: Water everywhere but none to drink".] ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. 3 April 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.</ref> Malapa le one a bona metsi go tswa mo didibeng tse di seng boteng tsa poraefete. <ref name=":7" />Kgotsa malapa a ikaega ka barekisi ba mo mebileng, ba dira mmaraka o o atlegileng wa "metsi a kgetsana", metsi a a phepafaditsweng a a phuthetsweng mo dikgetsaneng tsa polyethylene.Barekisi ba metsi ba ba bidiwang Mairuwa ba rekisa metsi go tswa mo ditankeng le mo dirotong mo dikareng, tse ka dinako tse dingwe di rekisetswang barekisi ba bangwe ba ba rwalang metsi ka dikgamelo kgotsa ka dinkgwana. <ref name=":7" /> Go fitlhelela metsi a a tlamelwang ke State Water Corporation ke 'metropocentric' ke gore, go dikologilwe ke metropolis. Ka ntlha ya go se nne teng ga metsi a a lekaneng mo setšhabeng, batho ba ne ba gana go dirisa metsi go tswa mo motsweding mongwe le mongwe go a dirisa mo malapeng. 40% ya matlo a ikaegile ka sediba go a dirisa mo malapeng; 32% e ikaegile ka barekisi go bona metsi; 7% ya matlo a ikaegile ka megogoro ya setšhaba le 19% ka ditanka, dinoka le metsi a pula a a sa bonweng mo setlheng se se omeletseng. == Benue == Noka ya Benue (Makurdi) Kwa Makurdi, motsemoshate wa Benue State, ke fela 25-30% ya baagi ba ba direlwang mme baagi ba tsaya metsi a a sa tlhotlhiwang ka dikgamelo go tswa kwa nokeng e e kgotletsweng ya Benue. <ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326449662 "The contending issues with domestic water supply in makurdi"]</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2008, go agiwa ga lefelo la go phepafatsa metsi go ne ga tlogelwa go ise go wediwe mme badiredi ba ne ba sa kgone go tlhalosa US$6 million. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2012, go ne go ntse go agiwa lefelo la go phepafatsa metsi jaaka karolo ya Greater Makurdi Waterworks Project. Go ya ka Nat Apir, mogakolodi wa metsi yo o ikemetseng, go tlhoka ga marangrang a a tsamaisang metsi a segompieno go tla dira gore diphaepe di phatloge mme bokgoni jwa semela bo mo kotsing ya go sa dirisiwe ka botlalo. <ref name=":8">PBS / Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting (15 March 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120316045356/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/globalhealth/jan-june12/westafrica_03-15.html "What's Causing Water Shortages in Ghana, Nigeria?".] ''PBS''. pp. Minutes 1–4 of the video. Archived from the original on March 16, 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2012</ref> Melatswana/dinoka di tsenya 27.89% mo setlheng se se omeletseng le 24.16% mo setlheng se se metsi, metsi a pula e le 0.00% mo setlheng se se omeletseng le 27.22% mo setlheng se se metsi. Kwa motseng wa Ugbokolo, tlhokego ya metsi e kwa godimo (155,788 lpd) go feta se se leng teng (113,249 lpd) go ralala motse.[ 43] === Imo === Morago ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi le bone (24) tsa go dira ntle le metsi a a tsamaisiwang, ka ngwaga wa 2020, puso ya Imo ka fa tlase ga tsamaiso ya ga Senator Hope Uzodinma, Mmusi wa Imo, o ne a ntsha madi go tsosolosa lephata la metsi a a phepa mo metsesetoropong, mme seo sa dira gore baagi ba Imo ba kgone go bona metsi a a bolokesegileng, ditirelo tsa boitekanelo le tsa boitekanelo. Ka fa tlase ga Engr Emeka Celestine Ugoanyanwu, Imo State Water and Sewerage Corporation e ne ya dira diphetogo tse dikgolo tsa setheo, pholisi le taolo, tse di neng tsa isa kwa go tsosoloseng Otammiri Waterworks le dithulaganyo tse dingwe tsa metsi tse di neng di le ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Setlamo. <ref name=":9">[https://www.sunnewsonline.com/uzodimma-revives-adapalm-restores-public-water-supply-to-owerri/ "Uzodimma revives Adapalm, restores public water supply to Owerri"]. ''The Sun''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2020-04-22. Retrieved 2022-03-12.</ref>Ka jalo mmusi gape o ne a laela gore go dirwe tsosoloso e e akaretsang mo lephateng la WASH go tsamaelana le thekenoloji ya segompieno. Go ya ka USAID, Imo State Water and Sewerage Corporation (ISWSC) e tlamela ka metsi go batho ba le dimilione di le tharo ( 3) ba kwa Imo. <ref>Ngene, Ben U.; Nwafor, Christiana O.; Bamigboye, Gideon O.; Ogbiye, Adebanji S.; Ogundare, Jacob O.; Akpan, Victor E. (2021-01-01). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7820563 "Assessment of water resources development and exploitation in Nigeria: A review of integrated water resources management approach".] ''Heliyon''. '''7''' (1) e05955. Bibcode:2021Heliy...705955N. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05955. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 7820563. <nowiki>PMID 33521352</nowiki>.</ref> === Oyo === Letamo la Asejire Letamo la Erelu le le neng la tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1963 ke motswedi o mogolo wa metsi go baagi ba Oyo le tikologo ya yona mme le na le bokgoni jwa go tlamela ka dilitara di le dimilione di le 7,5 tsa metsi ka letsatsi mme gape le na le bokgoni jwa bobolokelo jwa 10cm3.<ref>Ufoegbune, G. C; Oparinde, O. C; Eruola, A. O. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280082127 "Municipal water supply planning in Oyo metropolis, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria".] ''Journal of Geography and Regional Planning''. '''4''' (7): 9 – via ResearchGate.</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le diporojeke di le tharo tsa go tlamelwa ka metsi kwa Ibadan: Eleyele Water Works, Asejire Water Works le Osegere Water Works. Go tlhaela ga metsi, diphaepe tse di thubegileng ke dingwe tsa dikgwetlho tse banni ba kwa Oyo ba lebaneng le tsone malebana le metsi. Mafelo a ditoropo a Oyo a tlamelwa ka metsi ke Oyo State Water Corporation. === Edo === Motswedi o le mongwe fela wa metsi kwa motseng wa Itsukwi, kwa Edo Thulaganyo ya metsi kwa Benin City, e e ikaegileng ka Letamo la Noka ya Ikpoba, e tlamela fela mo e ka nnang 30% ya baagi. Bo Tautona ba bangwe ba le masome a supa (70) ba di bona metsi a tsone go tswa mo didibeng tse dintsi tse di epetsweng gore di dirisediwe merero ya motho ka namana, ya temothuo le ya madirelo. === Borno === Kwa Borno State, go thata go bona metsi a a phepa le go nna le thulaganyo e e siameng ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse ka ntlha ya dikgotlhang tse di ntseng di tsweletse ka dingwaga di le dintsi tse di sentseng diphaepe tsa metsi, dikhuti le matlwana a boithomelo. Batho ba le bantsi mo metseng le mo dikampeng tsa batshabi ba ga metsi ba a gelela mo dinokeng, mo matamong kgotsa mo didibeng tse di bulegileng, tse gantsi di leswe e bile go se motlhofo go di nwa. Go ya ka pego ya ngwaga wa 2021 ya UNICEF, ke mo e ka nnang nngwetharong fela ya batho ba kwa Borno ba ba nang le metsi a a phepa, mme bontsi jwa bone ba sa ntse ba dirisa metsi a a nang le megare. Matlo a le mantsi ga a na matlwana a boithomelo, ka jalo go ntshetsa mantle kwa ntle go sa ntse go tlwaelegile mo mafelong mangwe. Go thusa go tokafatsa seemo, puso ya porofense ya Borno le mekgatlho e e jaaka UNICEF, WaterAid,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250406164544/https://www.wateraid.org/ng/media/the-coca-cola-foundation-and-wateraid-bring-life-transforming-water-and-hygiene-to-four "The Coca-Cola Foundation and WaterAid bring life-transforming water and hygiene to four communities in Borno State | WaterAid Nigeria"]. ''www.wateraid.org''. Retrieved 2025-11-10</ref>le Red Cross (ICRC) ba ntse ba baakanya dikhuti, ba aga matlwana a boithomelo, le go tlamela ka metsi a a phepa, segolo thata kwa Maiduguri le metse e e gaufi.Le fa go na le maiteko ano otlhe, go tlhoka tshireletsego, tlhokomelo e e bokoa, le go tlhoka madi a a lekaneng go dira gore go nne thata gore malapa a le mantsi kwa Borno a nne le metsi a a phepa le thulaganyo e e siameng ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse. == Kaduna == Kwa Kaduna State, batho ba le bantsi ba sa ntse ba kgaratlhela go bona metsi a a phepa le a a phepa. Pego ya puso ya ngwaga wa 2021 e bontshitse gore batho ba ba kwa tlase ga halofo ya batho mo nageng eno ba na le metsi a a nowang ka metlha, mme ke ba le mmalwa fela ba ba nang le metsi a a phepafaditsweng sentle le a a bolokesegileng. Mo mafelong a mantsi a kwa magaeng, batho ba ga metsi go tswa mo didibeng kgotsa mo didibeng, mme dingwe tsa tsone di a omelela ka paka ya komelelo kgotsa di emisa go bereka. Gape dipatlisiso di fitlhetse gore bontsi jwa metsi a a dirisiwang mo malapeng ga a babalesega, ka gonne a na le megare e e ka bakang malwetse. Go rarabolola bothata jono Kano e tlamelwa ka metsi a a tswang mo dinokeng tsa lefelo leo le a a tswang mo metsing a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe a a dirisitsweng thata. Tlamelo ya metsi ya setšhaba e tlhaela, ka jalo mafelo a poraefete a go rekisa metsi a ntse a ntsifala le go dira dipoelo tsa bathapi ba poraefete. <ref name=":7" />Letamo la Asa le dira jaaka motswedi o mogolo wa metsi wa toropo ya Ilorin. === Noka ya Kaduna === Dipolotiki le maiteko Pholisi ya Bosetšhaba ya Tlamelo ya Metsi le Kgeleloleswe ya Nigeria, e e amogetsweng ka ngwaga wa 2000, e rotloetsa go nna le seabe ga lekala la poraefete mme e lebeletse gore go dirwe diphetogo mo ditheong le mo melaong ya puso. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga go ise go direge sepe se se kalo mo dintlheng tseno ka bobedi. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2007, ke di state di le nne fela mo go tse masome a mararo le bosupa (37) - Lagos, Cross River, Kaduna le Ogun states[39] tse di simolotseng go tsenya tirisanommogo ya setšhaba le poraefete (PPP) ka mokgwa wa dikonteraka tsa ditirelo,[6] mofuta wa PPP o mo go ona maikarabelo a lephata la poraefete a lekanyeditsweng mo go tsamaiseng mafaratlhatlha ntle le go rotloetsa tiragatso. Le fa gone puso e na le pholisi ya go dira gore dilo di nne ka tsela e di leng ka yone, go dira gore dilo di nne ka tsela e di leng ka yone ga go ise go direge. Bokgoni jwa dipuso tsa selegae jwa go rulaganya le go diragatsa dipeeletso, kgotsa go tsamaisa le go tlhokomela ditsamaiso, bo santse bo le kwa tlase le fa go na le maiteko a go tlhabolola bokgoni. Mo godimo ga moo, pholisi ya bosetšhaba e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo go tlameleng ka metsi mme e itlhokomolosa bophepa. <ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2003, "Presidential Water Initiative (PWI): Metsi a Batho, Metsi a Botshelo" e ne ya simololwa ke Moporesidente wa nako eo Olusegun Obasanjo. Thulaganyo eno e ne e na le mekgele e megolo ya go oketsa go nna le metsi, go akaretsa go fitlhelela selekanyo sa lekgolo(100) lekgolong sa go nna le metsi mo metsemegolong ya diporofense, 75 lekgolong ya go nna le metsi mo mafelong a mangwe a ditoropo le 66 lekgolong ya go nna le metsi mo mafelong a magae. Go dirilwe go le gonnye fela go tsenya letsogo mo maitlhomong a mme ga go ise go fitlhelelwe dilo tse di ikaeletsweng go dirwa.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2011, puso e ne ya bouta kwa lekgotleng la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng e buelela maitlamo a go dira gore metsi le bophepa e nne ditshwanelo tsa batho. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga e ise e tlhome molao o o tlhalosang gore batho ba na le tshwanelo ya go nna le metsi le go nna le thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse. Naga ga e mo tseleng ya go fitlhelela Maitlhomo a Tlhabololo a Mileniamo a metsi le kgeleloleswe. <ref name=":9" /> Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2008, go ile ga tsenngwa thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse mo dinageng di le thataro ka thuso ya UNICEF le EU. Le fa gone e se molao wa setšhaba, go bonala fa maiteko ano a a dirwang ke batho ba maemo a a kwa tlase a ile a atlega ka tsela nngwe. Go agilwe matlwana a boithomelo a feta 17 000 mo metseng e le makgolo a ferangbobedi le masome a mararo le borataro (836), mme metse e e fetang lekgolo (100) mo go yone e fitlheletse mokgele wa go bolelwa gore ga e na bothata jwa go ntsha mantle mo pepeneneng. <ref name=":8" />Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2022, 18% ya batho ba Nigeria ba dirisa go ntsha mantle mo pepeneneng. == Maikarabelo == Makala a mararo a puso a na le maikarabelo a go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa metsi. Ka sekai, puso ya bosetšhaba e na le maikarabelo a go okamela tsamaiso ya metswedi ya metsi, puso ya porofense e tlamela metse ya ditoropo ka metsi fa dipuso tsa selegae tsone di dirisana mmogo le baagi go tlamela metse ya magae ka metsi. Boikarabelo jwa go phepafatsa ga se ka metlha bo leng mo pepeneneng, fela go phepafatsa mo ditoropong ke boikarabelo jwa puso.<ref name=":7" /> === Puso ya Federal === Tona ya Lefapha la Metswedi ya Metsi, e e neng e le karolo ya Tona ya Temothuo go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2010, e na le maikarabelo a diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa go tlhabolola metswedi ya metsi le go abela diporofense metsi. Go na le Ditheo di le lesome le bobedi (12) tsa Tlhabololo ya Metsi a Dinoka tse di leng ka fa tlase ga Lefapha, tse di rweleng maikarabelo a go rulaganyetsa le go tlhabolola metswedi ya metsi, tiro ya go nosetsa le go kokoanya tshedimosetso ya hydrological, hydro-geological. Gape di tlamela metse ka metsi a mantsi go tswa mo matamong. Khomišene ya Dituelo tsa Ditirelo e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 1992 go tlhokomela le go laola dituelo tsa ditirelo, go akaretsa le tsa Mekgatlho ya Metsi ya Puso. <ref name=":2" /> == Dipuso tsa diporofense == Boikarabelo jwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang bo neetswe State Water Agencies (SWAs) kgotsa mafapha a metsi a puso mo dinageng di le masome a mararo le borataro (36) tsa Nigeria. DWA di ikarabela mo dipusong tsa diporofense tsa bone, gantsi ka Lefapha la Diporofense la Metswedi ya Metsi. DWA e na le maikarabelo a go tlamela metse ka metsi mo ditoropong, mme mo dinageng dingwe gape e na le maikarabelo a go tlamela metse ka metsi kwa magaeng. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2000, diporofense di le masome a mabedi le bobedi (22) di ne di na le ditheo tse di farologaneng tsa metsi le kgeleloleswe ya metsi, tse bontsi jwa tsona di tlhomilweng go diragatsa lenaneo la UNICEF. <ref name=":3" />Ka ngwaga wa 2010, puso ya Lagos e ne ya tlhoma Ofisi ya Puso ya Tsamaiso ya Metsi a a Leswe ka fa tlase ga Lekgotla la Naga la Metsi la Lagos. E ne ya tsaya maikarabelo a tsa boitekanelo go tswa go Lefapha la Tikologo la Puso. == Dipuso tsa selegae == Mekgatlho ya Puso ya Selegae (LGAs), e e nang le maloko a le 774, e na le maikarabelo a go tlamela ka metsi a metsemagae le ditlamelo tsa kgeleloleswe mo mafelong a yona le fa e le gore ke ba le mmalwa fela ba ba nang le didiriswa le bokgoni jwa go rarabolola bothata jono. Ke dilegae di le mmalwa fela tse di nang le mafapha a a tlamelang ka metsi kwa magaeng. == Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng == Mo metseng mengwe ya selegae, go ile ga tlhomiwa dikomiti tsa metsi le tsa kgeleloleswe (WASCOs) go tlhokomela le go tlhokomela mafelo a metsi. Dikomiti tseno di tshwanetse go duelela metsi a tsone. Baabi ba ba jaaka African Development Bank ba beile tlhokego ya gore bonnye 30% ya maloko a WASCO e tshwanetse go nna basadi. 59] Ka 1993, Puso e ne ya itlama go nonotsha seabe sa baagi mo tlamelong ya metsi kwa magaeng mo tokomaneng ya pholisi. Ka ngwaga wa 2000, pholisi e e ne e ise e anamisiwe kgotsa e tsenywe tirisong mo mananeong otlhe a a neng a duelelwa ke puso kgotsa ke baabi. 20] == Setshaba sa baagi == Lefapha la metsi le kgeleloleswe ya metsi la kwa Nigeria le na le setšhaba se se matlhagatlhaga se se tsayang dikgato tse di farologaneng go rarabolola mathata a lefapha leno. Mokgatlho wa Metsi le Kgeleloleswe (NEWSAN) ke mokgatlho o o kopaneng wa mekgatlho e e seng ya puso ya WASH, fa Water and Sanitation Media Network[60] e akaretsa babegadikgang ba ba begang ka lephata leno. Mokgatlho o o eteletseng pele o e seng wa mmuso mo lephateng le ke Bread of Life Development Foundation e e tsamaisang weblog ya eWASH ka ga dikgang tsa metsi le kgeleloleswe mo Nigeria. 61] === Dintlha tsa madi === Ditheko le go busediwa Ditefiso tse di tlhomameng tsa dikgolagano tse di sa lekanyediwang. Bontsi jwa metswedi ya metsi ya kwa Nigeria ga e na dimetara. Palo ya go lekanya e farologana go tswa go 7% kwa Katsina go ya go 16% kwa Kaduna le 24% kwa Lagos ka 2007. Bareki ba ba sa diriseng metara ba duedisiwa tlhwatlhwa e e tlhomameng e e sa amaneng le selekanyo se ba se dirisang. Mo badirising ba matlo ba ba sa diriseng metara, tlhwatlhwa ya kgwedi le kgwedi e ne e le US$3 kwa Lagos, US$5 kwa Katsina le US$11 kwa Kaduna. Kwa Yobe state e ne e le Naira 100 (US$0.60) ka kgwedi, e leng selekanyo se se kwa tlase go gaisa mo nageng go ya ka Yobe State Water Corporation. Lotseno lwa ditefiso lo ne lwa duelela fela 2% ya ditshenyegelo tsa go tlamela metsi.[ 62] Dithekesi tsa dikgokagano tse di nang le dimetara. Bareki ba ba dirisang dimetara ba duedisiwa tlhwatlhwa e e rileng, jaaka go ntse kwa Lagos, kgotsa tlhwatlhwa e e rileng e e oketsegang, jaaka go ntse kwa Katsina le Kaduna. Mo thulaganyong ya go oketsa tlhotlhwa ya ditshipi, tlhotlhwa ya metara ya dikhubiki e oketsega ka iketlo ka go simolola ka go dirisa 30 m3 ka kgwedi ka palogotlhe ya ditshipi di le 3 go ya go di le 6. Tlhwatlhwa ya matlo a ntlha a a rekisiwang ke US$0.19 ka m3 kwa Kaduna le US$0.44 ka m3 kwa Katsina. Ditheko tsa badirisi ba kgwebo le ba intaseteri di kwa godimo.[ Tekanyetso ya metsi e ne e le Naira 50 ka m3 (US$0.30) kwa Oyo state le Naira 16 ka m3 (US$0.10) kwa Taraba state ka 2009. 63] Go kokoanya makgetho. Ditsamaiso tsa tshedimosetso tse di feletsweng ke nako le mekgwa e e sa dumalaneng ya go duedisa di baka ditshenyegelo tse di oketsegileng tsa lotseno. Selekanyo sa madi a a amogelwang se kwa tlase thata. Mo dikarolong dingwe e kwa tlase ga 10% ya madi a a duelwang. Go na le dikoloto tse dintsi tse di saletseng kwa morago, segolobogolo tsa ditheo tsa puso. Go baakanya ditlhwatlhwa. Naga nngwe le nngwe e itlhomela tlhwatlhwa ya yone ya metsi. Diphetogo tsa ditefiso di tshwanetse go dumelwa ke Khansele ya Puso ya Khuduthamaga ka tsela e e tsayang lobaka lo loleele. E re ka ba sa kgone go duelela ditshenyegelo tsa bone tsa tiragatso, le go kgona go tlhomamisa diphetogo tsa ka metlha tsa tlhotlhwa, Mekgatlho ya Metsi ya Puso e amogela thuso ya madi go tswa go dipuso tsa puso. 20] Ditlhwatlhwa tsa barekisi. Dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng mo barekising ba mo mebileng kwa Lagos, Kaduna le Katsina di bontsha gore ba duedisa madi a a fetang a a duelwang ke Mekgatlho ya Metsi ya Puso ka makgetlo a le masome a mabedi (20). Madi a a duelwang, mo palong e e lekanyeditsweng thata ya tlamelo go tswa kwa barekising ba poraefete ba metsi, a ka nna ga nne go ya go ga lesome go feta ya kgwedi e le nngwe ya tlamelo e kgolo thata ya pompo. 20] == Dipeeletso == Gore Nigeria e kgone go fitlhelela Maitlhomo a Mileniamo a Tlhabololo a go tlamelwa ka metsi ka ngwaga wa 2015, naga eno e tlhoka go tsenya madi a a ka nnang dibilione di le makgolo a mabedi le lesome le botlhano (215) tsa diranta ka ngwaga. Nigeria ga jaana ga e tsenye madi a a fetang N82.5 billion (US$0.5 billion) mo lekaleng leno. 3] Bontsi jwa dipeeletso tseno di tlhokega go tsosolosa mafaratlhatlha a a sa tlhokomelweng sentle. Ga go a tlhomama gore a tekanyetso eno e akaretsa le go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse. == Tlamelo ka madi == Le fa gone go lebeletswe gore mephato yotlhe e meraro ya puso e nne le seabe ka botlalo mo go tshegetseng ka madi dipeeletso tse di dirwang mo ditirelong tsa metsi le tsa go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, gantsi dipuso tsa selegae ga di na madi a go dira jalo. Puso ya porofense le ya puso ya selegae le tsone di tlamela ka madi a mannye fela. Ka jalo, bontsi jwa metsi a setšhaba le ditlamelo tsa boitekanelo kwa Nigeria di duelelwa ke baabi. 64] Go kgaoganya lotseno lwa oli le lekgetho magareng ga maemo a a farologaneng a puso ke kgang e e masisi mo dipolotiking kwa Nigeria, e e kgaogantsweng magareng ga Bokone jwa Bamoseleme le Borwa jo bontsi jwa yone e leng jwa Sekeresete mme kwa kgaolo e le nngwe kwa Borwa e na le lotseno lotlhe lwa oli. Magareng ga ngwaga wa 1948 le ngwaga wa 2001, dikhomishene di le robongwe, ditaolo di le thataro tsa sesole, molao o le mongwe wa lekgotla la molao le dikatlholo di le pedi tsa Kgotlatshekelo ya Makgaolakgang di lekile go tlhalosa dikamano tsa madi magareng ga dikarolo tsa lekgotla la koporasi ntle le go rarabolola bothata. 65] Madi a puso a a amogelang a akaretsa mo e ka nnang diperesente di le masome a ferangbongwe(90). Tirisanommogo ya kwa ntle Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Aforika Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2012, African Development Bank e dumetse kadimo e e sa tureng ya diranta di le dimilione di le lekgolo (100) go tokafatsa metsi le go phepafatsa mo toropong e e kwa bokone ya Zaria. Porojeke e tla tsenngwa tirisong ke Lekgotla la Metsi la Naga la Kaduna. 67] Gape e dumetse porojeke ya go tlamelwa ka metsi le go phepafatsa mo metsesetoropong kwa metseng ya Ibadan le Jalingo kwa Oyo le Taraba ka ngwaga wa 2009. Diporojeke tseno tse pedi tsa mo ditoropong di akaretsa go tsenngwa ga dimetara tsa metsi, go rotloetsa bophepa mmogo le go aga matlwana a boithomelo kwa dikolong, kwa ditleliniking tsa boitekanelo, kwa marekisetsong le kwa diparakeng. Go farologana le porojeke e ntšhwa ya kwa Zaria, porojeke e kgologolo e tshegetsa diphetogo mo maemong a puso go kgaoganya ditiro tsa taolo le tsa tiragatso, le go tsenngwa tirisanong ya puso le poraefete. Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Aforika le yona e ne ya duelela diporojeke tsa metsi le tsa kgeleloleswe ya metsi kwa metseselegaeng kwa dikgaolong tsa Yobe le Osun tse di neng tsa amogelwa ka ngwaga wa 2007. Porojeke e ne e ikaeletse go oketsa tiriso ya metsi a metsemagae le ditlamelo tsa kgeleloleswe mo diporofenseng tse pedi, e go neng go fopholediwa gore e kwa tlase ga 50% ka ngwaga wa 2006, go fitlha go 100% ka ngwaga wa 2012. Ditirelo tsa boitekanelo tse di agilweng ke matlwana a boithomelo a sanplat le matlwana a boithomelo a a ntlafaditsweng a a nang le phefo. 59] African Development Bank e duelela ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa diporojeke tseno e sa tlhoke gore puso ya Nigeria e nne le seabe. African Development Bank e tsentse madi a le dimilione di lemakgolo a ferangbongwe le botlhano( 905) tsa didolara tsa Amerika mo lekaleng leno fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1971.[ 59] === China === Ka ngwaga wa 2005, China e ne ya saena tumalano ya thuso le Nigeria go epa diforo di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a ferangbongwe le boferabobedi (598) kwa dinageng di le 18 le FCT. 68] Ga go a tlhalosiwa gore thuso eno e tla nna bokae le gore e tla newa ke setheo sefe. == Lekgotla la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng == EU e tshegetsa Lenaneo la Diphetogo tsa Lefapha la Metsi le Kgeleloleswe mo diporofenseng di le thataro (Anambra, Cross River, Jigawa, Kano, Osun le Yobe) ka thuso ya madi ya di-euro di le dimilione di le masome a ferangbobedi le bosupa(87). Mmuso wa Nigeria, mo maemong otlhe a mararo a puso, le baagi ba selegae ba solofetswe go tsenya letsogo ka di-Euro di le dimilione di le 31 tse dingwe.[ 69] === JICA === JICA ke khutshwafatso ya Japan International Cooperation Agency[70] mme e tlamela ka dithuso tsa metsi a a phepa le tsa boitekanelo kwa dikgaolong tse tharo, Oyo, Kano le Yobe.[ 71] === UNICEF === UNICEF ((United Nations Children's Fund) e e kileng ya bo e itsiwe jaaka United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund[72] e tshegeditse tlamelo ya metsi kwa magaeng, tlhweko le bophepa mo metseng le dikolong go ralala naga go tloga ka 2002. Ditsereganyo tsa yone di ne tsa duelelwa ke DFID le European Commission. Go ile ga agiwa metswedi e mesha ya metsi a a phepa e le 6 960 (megogoro, didiba tse di epilweng le metswedi e e sireleditsweng) le matlwana a boithomelo a le 19 100. Dikolo tse di fetang 400 di tlametswe ka matlwana a boithomelo a a nang le ditlamelo tse di farologaneng tsa basimane le basetsana le mafelo a go tlhapa diatla. 73] === USAID === USAID ((United States Agency for International Development) [1] e tshegetsa tlamelo ya metsi kwa magaeng, boitekanelo le thuto ya boitekanelo kwa bokone jwa Nigeria, mo metseng e le masome a mane le borataro (46) kwa Bauchi, Kano le kwa Sokoto. USAID e dira mmogo le mokgatlho o e seng wa puso wa Nigeria wa Women Farmers Advancement Network (WOFAN), Action Against Hunger (NGO) le WaterAid. 75][76] === WaterAid === WaterAid, e leng mokgatlho o e seng wa puso wa kwa Boritane, o ne wa rotloetsa go kopanngwa ga thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, go tlamela ka metsi le go ruta batho ka tsa boitekanelo ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go dira dilo mo setšhabeng le go dirisa dithekenoloji tse di sa jeng madi a mantsi. E dira mmogo le mekgatlho e e seng ya puso ya Nigeria, go akaretsa Benue NGO Network (BENGONET), Mokgatlho wa Metsi le Kgeleloleswe mo Nigeria (NEWSAN), Justice Development and Peace Initiative (JDPI), Community Based Development  ⁇  NGO (CBD-NGO), Women Empowerment In Nigeria (WEIN) le Bol Development Association (BOLDA). E dira mo ditoropong tse di fetang lekgolo (100) mo dinageng tsa Bauchi, Benue le Plateau. E tlhomile lenaane la maemo a a kwa tlase, le le theilweng mo dintlheng tse di akantshiwang ke baagi ka bobone, go thusa baagi go itlhophela ka bobone gore ke kae koo ba tshwanetseng go abela didirisiwa teng. Tsamaiso e e ntseng jalo ya go tsaya ditshwetso e e tsayang karolo e bile e le mo pontsheng e botlhokwa thata mo maemong a go se tshepane le puso e e bokoa. 77] Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2012, e ne ya fiwa tiro ke puso ya go thusa go lekola le go sekaseka diporojeke tsa metsi, tsa boitekanelo le tsa boitekanelo tsa puso kwa Nigeria. Go ya ka Tona ya Metswedi ya Metsi, Moporesitente Goodluck Jonathan o na le kgatlhego mo tshekatshekong e e ikemetseng ya tiragatso ya lephata mme mekgatlho e e seng ya puso e beilwe sentle go dira tiro e. 78] Banka ya Lefatshe Banka ya Lefatshe e weditse diporojeke di le supa tsa metsi fa e sa le ka ngwaga wa 1985 mme e ne e na le diporojeke di le tharo tse di ntseng di tsweletse ka ngwaga wa 2010. Palogotlhe ya madi a a dirisitsweng mo diporojekeng tseno tse 10 e ka nna diranta di le dimilione di le dikete di le 2,4. Porojeke ya Ntlha ya Diphetogo tsa Metsesetoropo ya Metsi (US$120 million) e lebile ditoropo di le 13 kwa diporofenseng tsa Kaduna, Ogun le Enugu. Porojeke gape e ikaeletse go tlhoma dipholisi tsa metsi tsa puso, le go rotloetsa tirisanommogo le lekala la poraefete. Porojeke ya bobedi ya Urban Water Reform Project ya boleng jwa didolara di le dimilione di le 200, e tshegetsa katoloso ya mafaratlhatlha a diphaepe kwa Calabar, le tsosoloso ya dimela tsa go phepafatsa metsi le ditsamaiso tsa kabo kwa Lagos mmogo le ditoropo tse dingwe tse tharo kwa Cross River State. == Metswedi == rv7dqpimraqu0w08zwbrhnbw2rsxyb5 0 14863 53904 2026-08-06T11:27:35Z Sgadle 12480 Created page with "= '''Tsela ya e e yang kwa Ntwang ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe (1935-1936)''' = [[Setshwantsho:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B23938, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini.jpg|thumb]] == '''Matseno''' == Dingwaga tsa 1935 le 1936 di ne di le botlhokwa thata mo ditiragalong tse di neng tsa felela ka go runya ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe II. Mo nakong eno, Jeremane e ne ya tlola Tumalano ya Versailles ka go aga sesha masole a yone, Italy e ne ya tlhasela Ethiopia, mme Jeremane e ne ya dira gape gore por..." 53904 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Tsela ya e e yang kwa Ntwang ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe (1935-1936)''' = [[Setshwantsho:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B23938, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini.jpg|thumb]] == '''Matseno''' == Dingwaga tsa 1935 le 1936 di ne di le botlhokwa thata mo ditiragalong tse di neng tsa felela ka go runya ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe II. Mo nakong eno, Jeremane e ne ya tlola Tumalano ya Versailles ka go aga sesha masole a yone, Italy e ne ya tlhasela Ethiopia, mme Jeremane e ne ya dira gape gore porofense ya Rhineland e nne le masole. Ka nako e e tshwanang, Lekgotla la Kgolagano ya Ditšhaba le ne la itshupa le sa kgone go emisa ditiro tsa go tlhasela, le kgothaletsa dinaga tse di tlhaselang go latelela mekgele ya tsone ya go batla go atolosa dinaga tsa tsone. Ditiragalo tseno di ne tsa oketsa dikgotlhang tsa sepolotiki kwa Yuropa mme tsa koafatsa tsamaiso ya tshireletsego e e kopaneng e e neng ya tlhomiwa morago ga Ntwa ya Ntlha ya Lefatshe.<ref name=":0">[https://www.iwm.org.uk/history Stories Of War And Conflict - From World War One To Present Day]</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/znhhrj6#zrm22v4 How and why did World War One start? - BBC Bitesize]</ref> == '''Jeremane''' '''(''Rearms)'' (1935)''' == Ka March 1935, Adolf Hitler o ne a itsise gore Jeremane e ne e se kitla e tlhola e ikobela dithibelo tsa sesole tse di neng di beilwe ke Tumalano ya Versailles.<ref>[https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/german-prewar-expansion German Prewar Expansion | Holocaust Encyclopedia]</ref> O ne a simolola tirelo e e pateletsang motho go tsenela bosole (go patelediwa go tsenela bosole) mme a oketsa masole a Jeremane, a a neng a bidiwa Wehrmacht, go feta selekanyo se se neng se tlhomilwe ke tumalano eo. Gape Jeremane e ne ya oketsa go dirwa ga ditanka, difofane le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa sesole. Le mororo Boritane, Fora le Lekgotla la Kgolagano ya Merafe di ne tsa ngongoregela seno, go ne ga se ka ga tsewa kgato epe ya sesole go thibela Jeremane go itlhomela dibetsa. Hitler o ne a tlhalosa go tlhoka go tsaya kgato gono e le sesupo sa gore mebuso e e kopaneng e ne e sa batle go diragatsa Tumalano ya Versailles.<ref name=":2">https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/how-hitler-took-germany-to-war</ref> == '''Italy e Tlhasela Ethiopia (1935)''' == [[Setshwantsho:Ethiopian Boy Showing the Fascist Salute.jpg|thumb|'''Mosimanyana wa Moethiopia o dira Tumediso ya Bo-Fascist''']] Ka Diphalane 1935, Italy, e eteletswe pele ke Benito Mussolini, e ne ya tlhasela Ethiopia (e e neng e itsege ka nako eo e le Abyssinia), e leng nngwe ya dinaga di le mmalwa tse di ikemetseng mo Afrika.<ref name=":1" /> Mussolini o ne a batla go atolosa Mmusomogolo wa Italy le go oketsa maemo a Italy a neng a na le one mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Masole a Ethiopia a ne a sa kgone go lebagana le sesole sa Italy sa segompieno, se se neng sa dirisa ditanka, difofane le dibetsa tsa dikhemikale ka nako ya letsholo.<ref name=":3">https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/film/remilitarization-of-the-rhineland</ref> Lekgotla la Kgolagano ya Ditšhaba le ne la kgala tlhaselo eo mme la beela Italy dikotlhao tsa ikonomi. Le fa go ntse jalo, dithibelo tseo di ne di lekanyeditswe mme di ne tsa palelwa ke go emisa tlhaselo eo. Italy e ne ya atlega go thopa Ethiopia ka Motsheganong wa 1936, go supa bokoa jwa Lekgotla la Ditšhaba.<ref name=":1" /> == '''Tumalano ya Lewatle ya Anglo-German (1935)''' == Ka Seetebosigo 1935, Boritane e ne ya saena Tumalano ya Lewatle ya Anglo-German le Jeremane.<ref name=":0" /> Tumalano eno e ne ya letla Jeremane go aga sesole sa lewatle se se neng se tla lekana le sa Boritane ka diperesente di le 35. Boritane e ne e dumela gore tumalano eno e ne e tla tokafatsa dikamano tsa yone le Jeremane le go fokotsa kotsi ya gore go nne le dikgotlhang mo isagweng. Le fa go ntse jalo, tumalano eno e ne ya dira gore Jeremane e nne le maatla a go nna le dibetsa gape mme e ne ya koafatsa letsholo la go lwantsha ditlhaselo tsa ga Hitler tsa Tumalano ya Versailles. Bakwalahisitori ba le bantsi ba re seno se ne sa kgothaletsa Hitler gore a tswelele ka maano a gagwe a go tlhasela dinaga di sele.<ref name=":0" /> == '''Go aga sesole sa ga Rhineland gape (1936)''' == Ka 7 Mopitlwe 1936, Hitler o ne a laela masole a Jeremane go tsena kwa Rhineland, kgaolo e e neng e tlositswe sesole ka fa tlase ga Tumalano ya Versailles le Tumalano ya Locarno.<ref>[https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/german-prewar-expansion German Prewar Expansion | Holocaust Encyclopedia]</ref> Seno se ne se le kgatlhanong le ditumalano tsa boditšhabatšhaba. Fora le Boritane di ne tsa tshwaya phoso ditiro tsa Jeremane mme di ne tsa tlhopha gore di se ka tsa tsibogela seo ka go dirisa sesole. Ka nako eo, masole a Jeremane a ne a sa ntse a le bokoa thata, mme Hitler o ne a laetse masole a gagwe gore a boele kwa morago fa ba ka kopana le BaFora ba ba neng ba ka ba lwantsha. Hitler o ne a bona go tlhoka go tsaya kgato ga Boritane le Fora e le sesupo se sengwe sa gore dinaga tsa Bophirima di ne di ka se ganetse dipolotiki tsa gagwe tsa go atolosa dinaga tsa tsone .<ref name=":3" /> == '''The Rome-Berlin Axis (1936)''' == [[Setshwantsho:Benito Mussolini e Adolf Hitler, sem data.tif|thumb|Benito Mussolini le Adolf Hitler]] Ka Diphalane 1936, Italy le Jeremane ba ne ba nonotsha dikamano tsa sepolotiki ka tumelano e e neng ya itsege jaaka Rome-Berlin Axis.<ref name=":1" /> Kgolagano eno e ne ya tshwaya tshimologo ya tirisanommogo e e atamalaneng thata fa gare ga dinaga tse pedi tsa bo-Fascist. Moragonyana e ne ya nna mokgatlho o mogolo wa sesole le wa dipolotiki o o neng wa nna le seabe se segolo mo Ntweng ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe. Tumelano e e bontshitse gape tlhotlheletso e e golang ya dipuso tse di busang ka thata kwa Yuropa.<ref name=":0" /> == '''Ntwa ya Selegae ya Spain (1936)''' == Ntwa ya selegae ya Spain e simolotse ka Phukwi 1936 morago ga fa General Francisco Franco a ne a eteletse pele borukhutlhi jwa sesole kgatlhanong le puso ya Rephaboliki ya Spain.<ref name=":4">[https://www.history.com/articles/spanish-civil-war history.com/articles/spanish-civil-war]</ref> Jeremane le Italy di ne tsa ema nokeng sesole sa ga Franco sa Nationalist, fa Soviet Union yone e ne e ema puso ya Repaboliki nokeng. Ntwa eno e ne ya nna lefelo le go neng go lekelediwa maano a masha a sesole le dibetsa tse disha mo go lone, go akaretsa le go dirisiwa ga difofane go thuntsha dibomo. Ntwa gape e ne ya oketsa dikgaogano tsa sepolotiki go ralala Yuropa le go nonotsha tirisanommogo magareng ga Jeremane le Italy.<ref name=":4" /> == '''Konelo''' == Ditiragalo tsa 1935 le 1936 di ne tsa dira gore go bonale sentle gore go ka nna ga tsoga ntwa e nngwe gape ya lefatshe lotlhe. Jeremane e ne ya gana Tumelano ya Versailles ka go dirisa dibetsa le go dira gape sesole sa Rhineland, fa tlhaselo ya Italy kwa Ethiopia e ne ya supa go retelelwa ga Lekgotla la Ditšhaba go tshegetsa kagiso ya boditšhabatšhaba.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Go simolola ga Rome-Berlin Axis le go nna le seabe ga dinaga di sele mo Ntweng ya Spain ya Selegae go ne ga kgaoganya Yuropa go nna makoko a a ganetsanang a sepolotiki le a sesole. Ditiragalo tseno di ne tsa dira gore go simolole Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe ka 1939.<ref name=":2" /> == '''Lenaane la''' '''Ditshupiso''' == <references /> 1p4tepjvjrskar2zjoapv39yi8of1jg