Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 5070 54013 28052 2026-08-11T12:02:48Z Martin Macha 2111 7919 /* */ 54013 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Colombia.svg|thumb]] [[File:COL_orthographic.svg|thumb|right|250px]] '''Colombia''', ke naga e e leng kwa borwa jwa [[Amereka]]. Colombia na le batho ba ba ka nnang 53.4 million (2026). [[Category:Colombia|*]] f0y1bd63rgbgxrcadf1k0jwm1z4mfvo 0 9135 54021 42207 2026-08-12T02:03:00Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54021 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karabo Motlhanka''' (a tshotswe 17 Moranang 1992) ke lekawana la [[:en:Botswana|motswana]] le le tshamekang [[:en:Cricket|motshameko wa bolo le molangwana]](cricket).<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/623716.html Karabo Motlhanka]". ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 7 September 2015.</ref> O tshamekile mo dikgaisanong tsa ngwaga wa 2015 tsa bolo le molangwana tsa legato la mafatshefatshe ([[:en:2015_ICC_World_Cricket_League_Division_Six|2015 ICC world Cricket League division 6]]).<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/averages-batting-bowling-by-team/icc-world-cricket-league-division-six-2015-10385?team=116 ICC World Cricket League Division Six, Botswana]". ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 10 October 2019</ref> E rile motlhanka a tshwara dingwaga tse di masome a mabedi le boraro a tlhophiwa go nna moeteledipele wa Botswana.<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/sport/motlhanka-an-embodiment-of-the-present-future-of-cricket/news Motlhanka, an embodiment of the present, future of cricket]". ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 8 February 2022.</ref> Oile a etelela pele setlhopha sa Botswana mo ditlhopheng tse di mo kgaolong ya borwa ko dikgaisanong tsa goipatlela phatlha tsa [[:en:2018–19_ICC_T20_World_Cup_Africa_Qualifier|2018-19 ICC World Twenty 20 Cricket Africa qualifiers]] ) ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa 2018.<ref>[https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/890567 World Twenty20 Africa C Qualifier off to a flying start]". ''International Cricket Council''. Retrieved 28 October 2018</ref> Oile a nosa dinno tse di masome matlhono asa fengwa ka motshameko wa pula madibogo,mme ya nna ene motshameki yo o gaisetseng wa letsatsi.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/iccwt20-qlf-africa-c-2018-19-1163040/botswana-vs-mozambique-1st-match-1163047/full-scorecard 1st Match, ICC World Twenty20 Africa Region Qualifier C at Gaborone, Oct 28 2018]". ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 28 October 2018</ref> Ene ele ene a eteletseng pele ka metabogo mo Botswana ko dikgaisanong, ka metabogo ele lekgolo, masome a ferabongwe le borataro (196 runs ) mo metshamekong ele merataro.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/averages-batting-bowling-by-team/icc-world-twenty20-africa-region-qualifier-c-2018-19-12722?team=116 ICC World Twenty20 Africa Region Qualifier C, 2018/19 - Botswana: Batting and bowling averages]". ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 3 November 2018</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2019 one a supiwa jaaka moeteledipele wa setlhopha sa Botswana mo [[:en:2018–19_ICC_T20_World_Cup_Africa_Qualifier#Regional_Finals|makgaolakgannyeng a kgaolo]]  a [[:en:2018–19_ICC_T20_World_Cup_Africa_Qualifier|2018-19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifiers]] aa neng a tswaretswe kwa Uganda.<ref>"[https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1220002 Six teams looking to keep T20 World Cup dreams alive in Africa final]". ''International Cricket Council''. Retrieved 14 May 2019.</ref> <ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/sport/cricket-team-in-uganda-for-world-cup-qualifiers/news Cricket team in Uganda for World Cup qualifiers]". ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 18 May 2019</ref><ref>[https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1222616 African men in Uganda for T20 showdown]". ''International Cricket Council''. Retrieved 18 May 2019</ref>O tshamekile motshameko wa gagwe wa ntlha wa [[:en:Twenty20_International|Twenty20 International]] (T20i) mo setlhopheng sa Botswana  kgatlhanong le [[:en:Uganda_national_cricket_team|Uganda]] ka  kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2019.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-wt20-wc-af-final-2019-1184248/uganda-vs-botswana-3rd-match-1184260/full-scorecard 6th Match, ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Region Final at Kampala, May 20 2019]". ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 20 May 2019.</ref> Mme ene yare ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa 2021 ,a etelela setlhopha  sa Botswana pele  mo metshamekong ya setlhopha sa bobedi(Group B) ya [[:en:2021_ICC_Men's_T20_World_Cup_Africa_Qualifier|2021 ICC Men’s T20  Africa World Cup Qualifier]] kwa Rwanda.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/104751932947174/posts/4435290486559942/ Botswana Cricket Association are proud to announce the traveling squad to take part in the ICC Men's T20 world cup Africa Sub regional qualifiers in Rwanda, Kigali"]. ''Botswana Cricket Association (via Facebook)''. Retrieved 27 October 2021</ref> O tshamekile motshameko wa gagwe wa ntlha wa selebego sese kwa godimo(first class) ka kgwedi ya Firikgong e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 2022 fa ane a tshamekela setlhopha sa [[:en:Matabeleland_Tuskers|Tuskers]]  kwa Zimbabwe mo [[:en:2021–22_Logan_Cup|sejaneng sa Logan sa 2021-22]]( 2021-22 Logan Cup).<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/logan-cup-2021-22-1282863/matabeleland-tuskers-vs-mountaineers-9th-match-1282874/full-scorecard 9th Match, Harare, Jan 17 - 20 2022, Logan Cup]". ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 17 January 2022</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230120080736/https://3-mob.com/sport/botswana-captain-motlhanka-makes-first-class-debut-in-logan-cup/ Botswana captain Motlhanka makes first class debut in Logan Cup]". ''3-Mob''. Retrieved 17 January 2022</ref>Ke makgwetho aa mmalwa a ntse a bitswa go ya go tshameka kwa Zimbabwe morago ga gore bontsi jwa batshamiki ba Tuskers ba nne karolo ya Zimbabwe’s [[:en:Zimbabwean_cricket_team_in_Sri_Lanka_in_2021–22|Tour of Sri Lanka]] ka kgwedi ya Firikgong ngwaga wa 2022.<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/sports/motlhanka-makes-impressive-first-class-debut/news Motlhanka makes impressive first class debut"]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 23 January 2022</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> == Magokaganyi aa kwa Ntle == [https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/karabo-motlhanka-308710 Karabo Motlhanka] at [[:en:ESPNcricinfo|ESPNcricinfo]] rsdqtgn2phz2s09qfvla3bp71nk07m7 0 9562 54029 53885 2026-08-12T06:07:08Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54029 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vickie Winans''' (yo o belegweng e le Viviane Bowman; Phalane 18, 1953) ke moopedi wa mmino wa sekeresete wa kwa Amerika. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == E ne e le ngwana wa bosupa mo baneng ba le lesome le bobedi, Winans o ne a tsholelwa {{Infobox musical artist|Name=Vickie Winans|image=Vickie Winans.jpg|Img_capt=Winans in 2000|Birth_name=Viviane Bowman|Alias=Vickie Winans, Vickie McLemore|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1953|10|18|mf=y}}|Origin=[[Michigan]], U.S.|Genre=[[gospel music|Gospel]]|Occupations=Singer|Years_active=1985–present|Label=[[Light Records|Light]], [[MCA Records|MCA]], CGI/Intersound, [[Tommy Boy Records|Tommy Boy Gospel]], [[Verity Records|Verity]], Destiny Joy Records|website={{url|vickiewinans.com}}|Associated_acts=[[The Winans]]<br /> [[Mario Winans]]<br /> [[Winans family]]}} kwa Michigan ke Mattie A. Bowman, yo e neng e le mosadi yo o dirang mo gae, le Aaron Bowman, yo o neng a bereka ka dinako tse di farologaneng e le modiri, rramatlotlo, mmetli le modiri wa maje. O simolotse go opela kwa kerekeng - the International Gospel Center - a na le dingwaga di le robedi, mme fa a le mo dingwageng tsa bolesome o ne a opela le setlhopha se se itsegeng jaaka International Sounds of Deliverance. Bana ba gaabo ba akaretsa Beverly Bouldes, Sandi Tyler, Irma Crockett, Annette Tharpe, Aaron Bowman, Jr. (o tlhokafetse), Carleen Riley, Cathy Williams,<ref>Tim Bowman</ref>Mary Sturdivant, Bryan Bowman, Lorne Bowman, le Tim Bowman.<ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Winans o ne a nyalwa mme a tlhalwa gararo.<ref>Harrington, Richard (November 10, 2006). "Vickie Winans, Singing Through the Pain". ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved October 18, 2016.[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/09/AR2006110900466.html]</ref> Fa a sena go fetsa sekolo se segolwane, o ne a nyalwa ke bishopo yo o tlhokafetseng e bong Ronald E. Brown of Faith Tabernacle Deliverance Temple kwa Orangeburg, South Carolina. Mmogo ba ne ba nna le morwa, Mario Brown, yo jaanong a itsiweng jaaka Mario Winans. <ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref>Ka Seetebosigo 1978, o ne a nyala Marvin Winans wa setlhopha sa baopedi ba efangele sa The Winans. O ne a nna le morwa a le mongwe le Marvin, yo mmotlana. (Kokonate). Ka 1995, Winans le Marvin Sr. ba ne ba tlhalana morago ga dingwaga di le 16 ba nyalane. Go ngomoga pelo ka ntlha ya tlhalo go ne ga dira gore a nne le ditlhagala mo mogodung wa gagwe, a nne le bolwetse jwa sukiri le go nona. Kwa bofelong, Winans o ne a fola mme a tsosolosa tiro ya gagwe. <ref>Vickie Winans: at home with the gospel star who lost 75 pounds and re-energized her career". ''Ebony''. 2003. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20040922080117/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1077/is_10_58/ai_105853317]</ref>Kwa bokhutlong jwa 2003, Winans o ne a nyala rakgwebo Joe McLemore.<ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref> Lenyalo leno le ne la tsaya dingwaga di le mmalwa fela pele Vickie a mo tlhala (Joe o ne a tlhokafala ka 2018). Vickie o ne a tlhokafalelwa ke mmaagwe, Moefangele Mattie Bowman, ka 12 Sedimonthole, 2006.<ref>"VICKIE WINANS MOURNS THE LOSS OF MOTHER, MATTIE BOWMAN: Bowman passes away Tuesday night". Archived from the original on March 4, 2009. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20090304003758/http://www.eurweb.com/story/eur30398.cfm]</ref> == Tiro ya mmino == E ne e le lenyalo la gagwe le Marvin le le neng la dira gore Winans a akanye ka go dira tiro ya mmino. O ne a kopiwa go nna leloko la Winans Part II, e leng setlhopha se se neng se akaretsa dingwetsi tsa gagwe tsa ka nako eo e bong BeBe le CeCe Winans le morwarraagwe e bong Daniel Winans. Le fa go ntse jalo, setlhopha se ne sa se ka sa tsamaya jaaka BeBe le CeCe ba ne ba tsamaya go ya go kopanela le PTL Singers ya lenaneo la thelebišene la Sekeresete le le sa bolong go nna teng, The PTL Club. == Light Records 1985-1990 == The Winans e ne ya nna setlhopha se se rekisang thata mo khamphaseng ya bone ya rekoto, Light Records, mme seno se ne sa thusa monna wa gagwe Marvin go dira konteraka ya go rekota le ene.<ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref> Alebamo ya gagwe ya solo, Be Encouraged e ne ya gololwa ka 1987 mme ya nna gospel hit e kgolo. LP eno e ne e na le pina ya ga Dottie Rambo, "We Shall Behold Him", mmogo le "First Trumpet Sound", e e neng e dirilwe ka tsela e e tshwanang le ya Gladys Knight & the Pips ya "Midnight Train To Georgia". Be Encouraged e ne ya tlhophiwa mo kgaisanong ya Grammy ya Best Soul Gospel Performance, Female, Stellar Award ya Album ya Ngwaga, le Excellence Award ya Best Female Contemporary Artist. Alebamo ya gagwe e e latelang, Total Victory e ne ya se ka ya atlega thata, e le ka ntlha ya mathata a madi a Light Records morago ga gore setlhopha sa yone sa maemo a a kwa godimo, The Winans, se tlogele go ya go tsenela Quincy Jones' Qwest Records. == MCA Records 1990-1991 == Ka 1990, Winans o ne a saena tumalano le khampani ya mmino wa gospel mme o ne a saena tumalano le Geffen Records. Geffen e ne ya rekwa ke Universal Records mme konteraka ya ga Winan e ne ya fetisetswa kwa go MCA Records. Fa a ne a dirisana le khampani nngwe e e neng e sa mo saena, o ne a iphitlhela a patelediwa ka tsela e e bofitlha gore a fokotse molaetsa wa Bokeresete mo mminong wa gagwe. O ne a bolela jaana ka 1999: "Ga ba go bolelele, mme gone o kgona go utlwa gore go ntse jang". "Ga ke batle go tlhola ke nna mo boemong joo gape. Ke selo se le sengwe fa o opela pina fela o sa dirise leina la mmatota la ga Jesu, mme ke selo se sele gotlhelele fa O LEKA go se le dirise. Mo go nna, leina la ga Jesu le ka se ka la tlhola le nna maswe mo molomong wa me. Ka metlha ke ene karabo".<ref>Gospel Today Magazine</ref> Ka 1991 MCA e ne ya mo golola ka The Lady e e neng e dirilwe ke R. Kelly, monna wa gagwe e bong Marvin Winans, le morwawe e bong Mario. Alebamo eno ya dipina tse robongwe e ne e sena leina la Jesu mme e ne e na le pina ya West Side Story ya "Somewhere". MCA e ne ya romela Winans kwa thelebisheneng ya ngwaga oo ya Stellar Awards le batantshi ⁇ kgato e e neng ya gakgamatsa setšhaba sa Sekeresete se se gagametseng, e leng se se neng sa dira gore ba Winans ba kope maitshwarelo phatlalatsa.<ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref> Kganetsano e e ne ya dira gore morafe wa Gospel o se ka wa tshegetsa alebamo, mme morago ga go retelelwa ke go atlega mo diradiong tsa R&B tsa segompieno, MCA e ne ya kgaotsa Winans mo lenaaneng la bone. The Lady, gape, e ne ya tlhophiwa go nna mo setlhopheng sa Best Contemporary Soul Gospel Album. == Intersound/CGI 1994-2002 == Morago ga dingwaga di le 3 a sena konteraka ya go rekota, motsamaisi wa maloba wa Word Records James Bullard o ne a saena Winans kwa Intersound Records, e leng letshwao la go rekota la kwa Atlanta, le a neng a dira karolo ya mmino wa gospel mo go lone. O ne a simolola go rekisiwa ke Vickie Winans mme a fitlha mo go #10 mo ditšhateng tsa mmino wa gospel, mme a nna le dipina tse di tumileng tse di jaaka Work It Out le We Shall Behold Him. Le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a nna le dikgokgotsho mo dinaleng tsa gagwe tsa mantswe, mme seo sa dira gore a palelwe ke go tshameka dinoto tsotlhe tse di siameng mo go rekota gape ga gagwe We Shall Behold Him. <ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref> '''Kwa Detroit''' O ne a kopana le pina ya ga James Cleveland ya bogologolo go tswa ka bo1960 e e bidiwang "Long As I Got King Jesus" mme a e dirisa jaaka pina ya ntlha e le nngwe le megahit ya alebamo ya setso ka 1997 e e bidiwang Live In Detroit. Winans o ne a rekota dipina tse di motlhofo tsa "Great Is Thy Faithfulness", "Because He Lives" ya ga Bill Gaither le "The Blood Rushes" ya ga Candi Staton. Pina e nngwe ya ga James Cleveland e e bidiwang "No Cross, No Crown", le yone e ne ya atlega mo alebamong eno. Intersound/CGI e ne ya duelela bidio ya "Long As I Got King Jesus", e e neng ya oketsa thekiso ya alebamo. E ne ya feleletsa e rekisitse diyuniti di le 200 000.<ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref> Alebamo e ne ya dira gore Winans a fiwe leina la Grammy la Best Soul Gospel Album le maina a mabedi a Stellar Award a Best Female Vocalist le Best Video ("Long As I Got King Jesus") '''Kwa Detroit ||''' Intersound/CGI e ne e rulagantse go golola dialebamo di le tharo tsa ga Winans ka 1999; kgatiso ya Motsheganong ya Live In Detroit II, e e neng ya latelwa ke ya Share The Laughter ya metlae ka Phukwi mme ya tswala ngwaga ka kgatiso ya Diphalane e e bidiwang "Woman To Woman: Songs Of Survival". Ba ne ba simolola letsholo la bone la go rekisa le le neng le ja madi a mantsi go gaisa otlhe a a kileng a nna teng go rotloetsa porojeke eno. <ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref>Ba ne ba reka dipapatso tsa mebalabala mo dimakasineng, ba tshameka bidio ya konokono ya pina e e reng "Already Been To The Water" mme ba hira Capital Entertainment (e e neng ya tshwara CeCe Winans le Bishop T. D. Jakes ka nako eo) go tlhokomela dikgang tsa ga Winans. Ba ne ba kgona go beeletsa Winans kwa Queen Latifah, dipontsho tse di farologaneng tsa BET le Jenny Jones, gareng ga mananeo a mangwe a thelebišene a maemo a a kwa godimo mme ba mo fa kgaso ya bobegadikgang e a neng a na nayo fa e sale a tsamaya le Winans Family Tour ka 1992. <ref>"Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". www.crossrhythms.co.uk. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240625091750/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Vickie_Winans__The_Complete_History_Of_A_Gospel_Music_Institution/25462/p1/]</ref> Live in Detroit II e ne e le katlego e kgolo, e fitlha mo go #3 mo ditšhateng tsa dikopelo tsa efangele, fela e ne ya palelwa ke go fitlha kwa godimo ga ditšhateng ka ntlha ya katlego ya Kirk Franklin le The Nu Nation Project mo ngwageng oo. Share the Laughter ga e a ka ya dira sentle, mme e ne e le alebamo ya metlae e e emeng, thekiso ya yone e ne e le kgakala le go swabisa fa go akanngwa gore Intersound/CGI e ne e le mo maotong a yone a bofelo mme e ne ya tswalwa ka bonako.<ref>: Spotlight Grooves :. Your Source for Soul | Artist Details Archived December 15, 2006, at the Wayback [https://web.archive.org/web/20061215034230/http://www.spotlightgrooves.com/artistdetails.php?idartist=145 Machine]</ref> '''Hiutus 2000-2002''' Mathata a ga Winans le dikhampani tsa go rekota a ne a tswelela morago ga gore Intersound/CGI e tswale le go mo golola mo konterakeng ya gagwe. Kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2000, o ne a saena le Tommy Boy Gospel. Woman To Woman e ne e rulaganyeditswe go nna alebamo ya boraro mo trilogy, mme label e ne ya phutha pele alebamo e ka gololwa. Ka 2002, o ne a saena le Verity Records ka taletso ya tsala ya gagwe ya bogologolo Max Siegel yo o neng a tsaya boeteledipele jwa label.<ref>: Spotlight Grooves :. Your Source for Soul | Artist Details Archived December 15, 2006, at the Wayback [https://web.archive.org/web/20061215034230/http://www.spotlightgrooves.com/artistdetails.php?idartist=145 Machine]</ref> '''Verity Records 2003-2006''' Morago ga dingwaga di le nne, ka 2003, Winans o ne a golola Bringing It All Together e e neng e na le "Shake Yourself Loose", e e kwadilweng le go dirwa ke morwawe, Mario. O ne a sa tlogele sepe gore se itiragalele fela, mme o ne a tsenya madi a gagwe mo matloleng a gagwe gore a dire leano la go rekisa dilo tse di neng di ka se dirwe ke difeme tse dintsi tsa mmino wa gospel. O dirisitse madi a a fetang $200,000 go dira dibidio tsa mmino di le tlhano, go hira ditlhopha tse di ikemetseng tsa radio, ditlhopha tsa papatso ya papatso le go dira loeto lwa dikonsarata tsa go rotloetsa toropo di le 50 go simolola CD.<ref>: Spotlight Grooves :. Your Source for Soul | Artist Details Archived December 15, 2006, at the Wayback [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Machine]]</ref> Leano leno le ne la duelwa fa alebamo e ne e fitlha kwa maemong a ntlha mo ditšhateng tsa mmino wa seefangele tsa Billboard. E tsere dibeke di le robongwe e le # 1 le ngwaga o o tletseng mo Top 10.<ref>"Vickie Winans Launches Her Own Recording Label". Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20071029142838/http://www.detroitgospel.com/dgcontent/articles/17/1/Vickie-Winans-Launches-Her-Own-Recording-Label/Page1.html]</ref>Alebamo eno e ne ya bona dikgetho di le 8 tsa Stellar Award, ya fenya tse 5, le go tlhophiwa mo Grammy. Woman to Woman: Songs of Life, e ne ya gololwa ka August 8, 2006. '''Ke ne ka kgona jang''' How I Got Over (Destiny Joy Records) ke leina la CD ya Winans e e itiretsweng e e golotsweng ka Phatwe 25, 2009. Porojeke eno ya dipina tse di lesome ke motswako wa dipina tsa setso le tsa segompieno tsa kwa ditoropong.<ref>"Vickie Winans: How I Got Over". ''AllMusic''.[https://www.allmusic.com/album/how-i-got-over-mw0000822788]</ref>Single ya gagwe ya ntlha ya radio, "How I Got Over" ke bosupi jwa ga Winans ka sebele. Ka go tsaya moano go tswa mo pineng ya bogologolo e e rategang thata, Winans o tlhama pina e ntšha e e ketekang diphenyo tsa gagwe, tumelo le go ikanya Modimo. <ref>"Vickie Winans New CD "How I Got Over!"". July 2, 2009.[https://pathmegazine.com/news/vickie-winans-new-cd-how-i-got-over/]</ref>E simolola ka go nna le tsholofelo, mme e na le tatso ya kereke ya sekolo sa bogologolo mme e bo e fetoga go nna vamp ya segompieno pele ga a tswalela le setlogolo sa gagwe, Tim Bowman, Jr. yo o latlhelang di-jazzy scats. Bidio ya pina e ne ya thuntshiwa kwa bodilong jwa ntlo ya ga Winans.<ref>How I Got Over [http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=16808 Songfacts]</ref> Alebamo eno e ne ya dira gore Winans a tlhophiwe mo kgaisanong ya Grammy ya Alebamo e e Molemolemo ya Gospel ya Setso. == Dikgwebo tse dingwe == '''Destiny Joy Records''' Winans o ne a kopa mme a fiwa kgololosego go tswa mo konterakeng ya gagwe ya go rekota le Verity Records gore a kgone go tsweletsa kgwebo ya gagwe e e ikemetseng, Destiny Joy Records. Leina la letshwao leno le lesha ke la ga Vickie ka namana: "Ka bonako fela fa ke sena go tshola morwaake, Coconut (Marvin Winans Jr.), ke ne ka ima mosetsanyana. Re ne re ikaeletse go mmitsa Destiny Joy Winans. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka maswabi, ke ne ka senyegelwa ke mpa mo kgweding ya botlhano mme ka swelwa ke lesea la me le le neng le le bokete jwa kilogerama e le nngwe fela. Ke ne ka taya ngwana yoo leina la Marvlyn Loreal Winans morago ga rraagwe Marvin Lawrence Winans Sr mme ka boloka leina la Destiny Joy le ntse le tshela - ke sa itse gore letsatsi lengwe ke tla simolola letshwao leno mme ke le bitse ka leina la gagwe".<ref>"VICKIE WINANS LAUNCHES RECORD LABEL: Vickie Winans departs from Verity Records". Retrieved August 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20071106051054/http://gospelmusicbites.com/2007/05/17/vickie-winans-launches-record-label-vickie-winans-departs-from-verity-records/]</ref> Ka Destiny Joy, o ne a ikaeletse go golola DVD ya boitekanelo e e nang le setlhogo sa Laugh While You Lose, DVD ya metlae, le alebamo ya Keresemose, mo godimo ga go golola go tswa mo go Denise Tichenor le Datisha Pickett.<ref>"Vickie Winans Launches Her Own Recording Label". Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20071029142838/http://www.detroitgospel.com/dgcontent/articles/17/1/Vickie-Winans-Launches-Her-Own-Recording-Label/Page1.html]</ref> == Thelebishene le difilimi == Profaele ya gagwe mo thulaganyong ya BET ya Sontaga mo mosong ya "Lift Every Voice" e sala e le yone thulaganyetsoruri e e lebeletsweng thata mo hisetoring ya lenaneo leo ka babogedi ba ba fetang 800,000.<ref>"Vickie Winans Launches Her Own Recording Label". Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20071029142838/http://www.detroitgospel.com/dgcontent/articles/17/1/Vickie-Winans-Launches-Her-Own-Recording-Label/Page1.html]</ref> Black Entertainment Television (BET) e ne ya saena le Winans go nna moamogedi wa motseletsele o mosha wa thelebishene wa metlae, "A Time to Laugh". Thulaganyo eno e ne e ikaeletse go bua thata ka metlae e e siameng ya lelapa. Winans o ne a setse a simolotse go rekota mme o ne a saenelwa go rekota dikgaolo di le 30 tse di nang le ene, metlae e mengwe ya maemo a G le mmino o o tlhotlheletsang. Motseletsele ono o ne o tshwanetse go simolola mo BET ka Ferikgong 2010, mme ga o a ka wa gasiwa. Ka 2011, Winans o ne a tlhagisa bidio ya gagwe e ntšha ya pina ya "Release It", go tswa mo alebamong ya gagwe ya How I Got Over. Gape ka 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go tshameka karolo mo filiming ya 2012 ya Sparkle. == Dipina tsa mmino == '''Dialbum''' * ''Be Encouraged'' (Light, 1985) * ''Total Victory'' (Light, 1989) * ''Best of All'' (Light, 1991) * ''The Lady'' (Selah/MCA, 1991) * ''Vickie Winans'' (Intersound, 1994) * ''Live In Detroit'' (Intersound, 1997) * ''Live In Detroit II'' (Intersound, 1999) * ''Share the Laughter'' (CGI/Platinum, 1999) * ''Best of Vickie Winans'' (CGI/Platinum, 2002) * ''Bringing It All Together'' (Verity platinum, 2003) * ''Greatest Hits (Light/Artemis, 2005)'' * ''Woman to Woman: Songs of Life'' (Verity, 2006) * ''Happy Holidays from Vickie Winans'' (Destiny Joy, 2007) * ''Praise & Worship'' (Verity, 2008) * ''How I Got Over'' (Destiny Joy, 2009) * ''How I Got Over Remix'' (Destiny Joy, 2010) * ''Radio One Family Comdedy Tour, Vol.1'' (Destiny Joy, 2010) * ''Vickie Winans "Unplugged and Hilarious" Comedy DVD Vol.1'' (Destiny Joy, 2012) * ''Vickie Winans "Unplugged and Hilarious" Comedy DVD Vol.2'' (Destiny Joy, 2012) '''Dipina tse di itsegeng''' * "Don't Throw Your Life Away" * "We Shall Behold Him" * "Just When (featuring Marvin Winans)" * "Work It Out" * "Shake Yourself Loose" * "It's Alright" * "Special Day" * "The Rainbow" * "Kids Love Jesus Too" * "How I Got Over" * "Holiday Jam" * "Release it" * "Long As I Got King Jesus" == Metswedi == 7d9saf73bejbvomw03y7p25r5okc0mz 0 10360 54015 47161 2026-08-11T23:50:50Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna "Kakurukaze" Mungunda''' (1932–10 Sedimonthole 1959) e ne e le mosadi wa Namibia wa lotso lwa [[:en:Herero_people|Baherero]]. E ne e le ene fela mosadi mo gare ga batho ba ba neng ba bolawa ka nako tsa mogwanto wa [[:en:Old_Location|Old Location]] kwa [[:en:Windhoek|Windhoek]] ka Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome 1959. Fa e sa le Namibia e bona boipuso ka Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le bongwe 1990, Mungunda o tsewa e le mongwe wa bagaka ba setšhaba sa Namibia.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090227183817/http://namibia-1on1.com/a-central/namibiaheroes.html "Namibia Heroes and Heroines"]. namibia-1on1.com. Archived from [https://www.namibia-1on1.com/lander the original] on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250226150702/https://dailytrust.com/germany-berlin-to-scrap-street-names-glorying-colonial-past/ "GERMANY: Berlin to scrap street names glorying colonial past - Daily Trust"]. ''dailytrust.com/''. 13 April 2018. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref> Mungunda o tshotswe ka 1932 ke [[:en:Migrant_worker|modiri yo neng a fudugile]] wa Theopoldt Shivute le Emilia Kavezeri, setlogolo sa ga [[:en:Hosea_Kutako|Hosea Kutako]]. O ne a na le bana ba bararo ba botlhe ba neng ba tlhokafala ba sa ntse ba le masea.<ref>Simasiku, Regina (24 April 2015). "The Woman from nowhere: Anna Mungunda (1932–1959)". ''[[:en:New_Era_(Namibia)|New Era]]''. Celebrating Our Heroes And Heroines. p. 7.</ref> Metswedi ga e dumalane ka se se diragetseng ka Mungunda, yo o neng a thapilwe jaaka modiri wa mo gae, ka letsatsi la kgoberego ya Old Location. Go begwa gore go thuntshiwa ga morwawe yo o esi,<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090216142953/http://namibia-1on1.com/a-central/human-rightsday.html "International Human Rights Day"]. namibia-1on1.com. Archived from [https://www.godaddy.com/en-ph/domainsearch/find?key=parkweb&utm_source=godaddy&utm_medium=parkedpages&utm_campaign=x_dom-broker_parkedpages_x_x_invest_001&tmskey=dpp_dbs&domainToCheck=namibia-1on1.com&isc=GPPTCOM&itc=parkedpage_landers&redirect=true the original] on 16 February 2009. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref> Kaaronda Mungunda,<ref name=":2">[[:en:Nahas_Angula|Angula, Nahas]] (10 December 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121129153207/http://209.88.21.36/opencms/opencms/grnnet/OPM/Archives/media/speeches/2009_speeches/modules/news/news_0054.html?uri=/grnnet/OPM/Archives/media/speeches/2009_speeches/index.html "Old location massacre: the spark that ignited the struggle for national independence"]. ''Speeches of the Prime Minister''. Government of Namibia. Archived from [http://209.88.21.36/opencms/opencms/grnnet/OPM/Archives/media/speeches/2009_speeches/modules/news/news_0054.html?uri=/grnnet/OPM/Archives/media/speeches/2009_speeches/index.html the original] on 29 November 2012.</ref> go ne ga mo galefisa thata mo a neng a tabogela kwa koloing ya motsamaisi mongwe wa maemo a a kwa godimo, a e tshela leokwane, mme a e tshuba. Koloi e ne e le ya ga [[:en:List_of_mayors_of_Windhoek|ratoropo]] [[Jaap Snyman]] kgotsa ya ga Mookamedi wa Sepodisi sa Lefelo la Bogologolo de Wet.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Dierks, Klaus. [https://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_S.htm "Biographies of Namibian Personalities, S (entry for Snyman, Jacobus van Deventer)"]. www.klausdierks.com. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref> Dikoloi tseo ka bobedi di ne tsa tshubiwa ka nako ya pontsho.<ref name=":2" /> O ne a thuntshiwa ka nako ya tiro eno kgotsa ka bonako fela morago ga yone.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Tjingaete, Rukee (28 February 1995). [http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/37/007.html <nowiki>"Guerilla [sic] Movements' influence on the growth of the new Social Movements in the Periphery: a study of the SWAPO women"</nowiki>]. ''Namnet Digest''. '''95''' (11). via Hartfort Web Publishing.</ref> Anna Mungunda ke mongwe wa bagaka ba bosetšhaba ba le borobabongwe ba Namibia ba ba supilweng kwa tshimololong ya [[:en:Heroes'_Acre_(Namibia)|Acre ya Bagaka]] ya lefatshe le gaufi le Windhoek. Tautona yo o simolotseng [[:en:Sam_Nujoma|Sam Nujoma]] o ne a tshwaela mo puong ya gagwe ya go tlhongwa ka 26 Phatwe e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le borataro 2002 gore: Ka letsatsi leo le le botlhoko [la go tsuologa ga Old Location], go ne ga bolawa badiraditshupetso ba le masome a mabedi le bobedi ba ba neng ba na le kagiso mme ba bangwe ba ba fetang masome a matlhano ba ne ba gobala. Fa ba lebane le bosetlhogo jo, lekgarebe le le pelokgale le le sa boifeng le le bidiwang Kakurukaze Mungunda le ne la supa bopelokgale le bogale jwa lone ka go tshuba koloi ya ga De Wet yo e neng e le mookamedi wa Lefelo la Bogologolo la Windhoek. O ne a thuntshiwa gone foo mme a Bolawa ka tsela e e setlhogo ke mapodisi a Aforika Borwa a a gatelelang tlhaolele. Mowa wa gagwe wa phetogo le segopotso sa gagwe ya ponelopele re mo tlotla ka boikokobetso.<ref name=":3">[[:en:Sam_Nujoma|Nujoma, Sam]] (26 August 2002). [https://www.namibia-1on1.com/lander "Heroes' Acre Namibia Opening Ceremony – inaugural speech".] via namibia-1on1.com.</ref> Mungunda o tlotliwa ka tsela ya letlapa la lebitla la granite le le nang le leina la gawe le le gabilweng leina le gagwe le setshwantsho sa gagwe mo letlapeng.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Melber, Henning (7 December 2023). [https://theconversation.com/apartheid-in-namibia-why-human-rights-and-women-are-celebrated-on-the-same-day-219342 "Apartheid in Namibia: why human rights and women are celebrated on the same day"]. ''The Conversation''. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref> Ka 2024, toropo ya Berlin e ne ya fetola leina la karolo ya Petersallee mo Afrikanishes Viertel Anna-Mugunda-Alleee.<ref>[https://www.rbb24.de/panorama/beitrag/2024/08/berlin-wedding-carl-peters-maji-anna-mungunda-afrikanisches-viertel-kolonialismus.html "Petersallee heißt nun Anna-Mungunda-Allee"]. ''[[:en:Tagesschau_(German_TV_programme)|tagesschau]]''. 23 August 2024. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref> == Metswedi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Anna Mungunbatho da}} [[Karolo:Mafatshe a Aforika]] [[Karolo:Dintsho tsa 1932]] [[Karolo:Dintsho tsa 1959]] [[Karolo:Batho ba Baherero]] [[Karolo:Balweladitshwanelo ba Aforika Borwa Bophirima ba ba kgatlhanong le tlhaolele]] [[Karolo:Bagaka ba bosetšhaba ba Namibia]] [[Karolo:Dintsho tsa tlhobolo kwa Namibia]] [[Karolo:Badiri ba mo gae ba Namibia]] [[Karolo:Batho ba Namibia ba lekgolo la bomasome a mabedi la dingwaga]] [[Karolo:Basadi ba Namibia ba ba lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi]] [[Karolo:Bomme ba Namibia]] oa8la28em5ldhm9iiwfx6vaqhgx2i5v 0 10814 54026 44966 2026-08-12T04:52:49Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54026 wikitext text/x-wiki Ka Firikgong 1964, ka nako ya [[Phetogo ya Zanzibar]] le morago ga yone, baagi ba Maarabaa ba Zanzibar ba ne ba tlhaselwa ke tirisodikgoka e e neng e dirwa ke bontsi jwa baagi ba Bantsho ba setlhaketlhake seo.<ref name=":0">Kuper, Leo (2017-07-05). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zTIrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA127 Race, Class, and Power: Ideology and Revolutionary Change in Plural Societies]''. Routledge. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-351-49504-2.</ref> Maarabea a ne a bolawa ka bontsi, a betelelwa, a tlhokofadiwa le go lelekwa mo setlhaketlhakeng ke masole a Bantsho ba Aforika ka fa tlase ga Afro-Shirazi Party le Umma Party. Palo e e tlhomameng ya dintsho ga e itsiwe, le fa metswedi ya barutegi e fopholetsa gore palo ya Maarabea a a bolailweng e fa gare ga dikete tse lesome le boraro le go feta dikete tse masome mabedi, e e ka nnang kotara ya baagi ba Maarabea.<ref name=":4">Ibrahim, Abdullah Ali (June 2015). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325605315 "The 1964 Zanzibar Genocide: The Politics of Denial"]. In Dale F. Eickelman; Rogaia Mustafa Abusharaf (eds.). ''Africa and the Gulf Region: Blurred Boundaries and Shifting Ties''. Gerlach Press. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/j.ctt1df4hs4|10.2307/j.ctt1df4hs4]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-940924-70-4|978-3-940924-70-4]]</bdi>. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1df4hs4 j.ctt1df4hs4].</ref><ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20231209152634/https://areomagazine.com/2017/07/02/what-we-forgot-to-remember-part-1-genocide-in-zanzibar/ "What We Forgot To Remember, Part 1: Genocide in Zanzibar"]. ''Areo''. 2017-07-02. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mabedi ka 2025.</ref> E tlhalositswe ke bangwe, go akaretsa le barutegi ba le mmalwa, jaaka tiro ya polao ya semorafe.<ref name=":2">Salahi, Amr (2020-07-03). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231209152636/https://www.newarab.com/analysis/zanzibars-forgotten-legacy-slavery-and-ethnic-cleansing "Zanzibar's forgotten legacy of slavery and ethnic cleansing"]. ''The New Arab''. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mabedi ka 2025.</ref> Maarabea a ne a laotse setshaba sa setlhaketlhake seo ka dingwaga di feta makgolo a mabedi, mo dipolotiking le mo itsholelong. Go tsuologa kgatlhanong le morafe wa Maarabea (le Maindia) go tlhokomologilwe ke bontsi<ref name=":1" /> mme dipolao di sa ntse di sa buisanwe thata e bile di le kwa ntle ga leitlho la setshaba go ya ka ditiragalo tsa semmuso. Phetogo ya Zanzibar e ketekwa phatlalatsa ka ngwaga wa yone jaaka go tsogologela bokgoba le kgatelelo, le fa [[bokgoba kwa Zanzibar]] bo ne bo setse bo fedisitswe mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le lekgolo pele ga foo. Mme, dipolao tse di a nyenyefadiwa kgotsa ga di buiwe gotlhelele.<ref name=":2" /> == Tshimologo == Go nna ga Maarabea kwa Zanzibar go simolotse dingwaga di feta sekete tse di fetileng, fa bagwebi ba ne ba tla mo setlhaketlhakeng seo.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga bokolone jwa Yuropa mo kgaolong eo, Zanzibar e ne ya nna thuo ya bokolone jwa Mmusomogolo wa Mapotokisi ka dingwaga di feta makgolo a mabedi, go simolola ka lekgolo la bolesome le borataro la dingwaga. Batho ba maemo ba Zanzibari ba ne ba laletsa Maarabea le Mmusomogolo wa Omani go ba thusa go leleka barena ba bone ba bokolone. Maarabea a ne a atlega go tlosa puso ya Mapotokisi kwa Zanzibar mme a tlhoma puso koo.<ref name=":5">Diwakar, Amar. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231209152636/https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/remembering-zanzibar-s-revolution-and-its-bloody-aftermath-43195 "Remembering Zanzibar's revolution and its bloody aftermath"]. ''TRT World''. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mabedi ka 2025.</ref> Sultanate ya Zanzibar e ne e busiwa ke sultan wa Moarabea le setlhopha sa babusi ba bontsi jwa Baarabea. Phetogo ya Zanzibar e ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke John Okello, moreri wa Moaforika yo o tswang kwa Uganda yo o neng a le wa setlhopha se sennye sa Bakeresete ba kwa Zanzibar. Bokeresete jwa gagwe bo ne bo sa kgatlhe bontsi jwa batho ba Aforika ba ba neng ba le Mamoseleme kwa Zanzibar, ka jalo o ne a fitlhela letlhoo la lotso e le tsela e e nang le matswela thata ya go rotloetsa batho go nna mo letlhakoreng la gagwe.<ref name=":1" /> Phetogo e ne e eteletswe pele ke Mokgatlho wa Afro-Shirazi le Mokgatlho wa Umma. Lekoko la Afro-Shirazi e ne e le la [[Bo-Aforika-Jotlhe]] mme le ne le leka go kopanya batho ba Shirazi le Maaforika a nagakgolo, fa Lekoko la Umma le ne le le lennye, le le bogale e bile le le la Marxist.<ref name=":0" /> [[Bokgoba kwa Zanzibar]] bo ne bo fedisitswe ka 1897, fela bontsi jwa batho ba maemo ba Maarabea ba ba neng ba laola dipolotiki tsa setlhaketlhake ba ne ba sa dire maiteko a go fitlha maikutlo a bone a bosemorafe ka bontsi jwa Bantsho jaaka batho ba ba kwa tlase ga bona, batho ba ba tshwanelang bokgoba fela.<ref name=":3">[[:en:Massacre_of_Arabs_during_the_Zanzibar_Revolution#CITEREFPetterson2009|Petterson 2009]], p. 12.</ref> Kwa Palamenteng, Tona ya Matlole Juma Aley o ne a araba dipotso go tswa go Abeid Karume ka go mo roga a re ga a tlhoke go araba dipotso go tswa go "mopalaming wa mokoro".<ref>[[:en:Massacre_of_Arabs_during_the_Zanzibar_Revolution#CITEREFPetterson2009|Petterson 2009]], p. 41.</ref> Aley o ne a tswelela go tlhalosa mo puong e nngwe kwa Palamenteng gore fa e le gore Maarabea a ne a emetswe go feta selekanyo mo Kabineteng, e ne e se ka ntlha ya letso, mme go na le moo e ne e le fela ka gonne bokgoni jwa tlhaloganyo jwa Bantsho bo ne bo le kwa tlase thata mme bokgoni jwa tlhaloganyo jwa Maarabea a a tshwanang le ene bo ne bo le kwa godimo thata, e leng kakgelo e e neng ya galefisa bontsi jwa Bantsho. Dikgopolo tsa kgwebisano ya makgoba ya Maarabea mo nakong e e fetileng (bangwe ba batho ba bantsho ba ba godileng ba ne ba le makgoba mo bosheng jwa bone) mmogo le pono e e tlhamaletseng ya go tshegetsa batho ba maemo ba Maarabia mo bontsing jwa Bantsho mo nakong eno, go ne go raya gore bontsi jwa batho ba Bantsho ba Zanzibar ba ne ba na le letlhoo le le bogale la Maarabea, ba leba puso e ntsha ya Maarabea e sa tlhomama.<ref name=":3" /> Puso ga e a ka ya thusa go atolosa ipapatsa ga yone mo bontsing jwa Bantsho ka go fokotsa thata tiriso ya madi mo dikolong mo mafelong a a nang le Bantsho ba le bantsi. Kaboyamadi ya puso ka phokotso ya yone ya tiriso ya madi e e setlhogo mo dikolong tsa mafelo a Bantsho e ne ya bonwa ke botlhe jaaka sesupo sa gore puso e e laolwang ke Maarabea e ne e rulaganya go tswalela Bantsho mo maemong a maemo a bobedi ka sennelaruri.<ref name=":6">Petterson, Donald (2009-04-21). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uvRPuQnA6roC Revolution In Zanzibar: An American's Cold War Tale]''. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-7867-4764-1.</ref> Ka nako ya Phetogo ya Zanzibar, setlhaketlhake se ne se na le batho ba ka nna dikete tse makgolo a mararo, go akaretsa le Maaforika a Bantsho a le dikete tse makgolo mabedi le masome mararo, Maarabea a ka nna dikete tse masome matlhano le Maindia a ka nna dikete tse masome mabedi.<ref name=":1" /> Mo godimo ga moo, makgolo a le mmalwa a Ba-Comoria (go akaretsa le Ba-Mahor) ba ne ba bolawa ka nako ya pogrom ka gonne ba ne ba amana le batho ba maemo ba Maarabea le Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Zanzibar (ZNP). Ka 1948, setshaba sa Comorian kwa Zanzibar se ne se le dikete tse tharo, makgolo a mabedi le masome a marataro le bosupa (mo e ka nnang 1.2% ya palogotlhe ya baagi) mme, morago ga phetogo, palo e ne ya fokotsega go nna makgolo a le mmalwa fela ka ntlha ya go phepafadiwa ga merafe le go patelediwa go tshwaediwa. Palo e e sa itsiweng ya Ba-Comorian-Zanzibari ba ne ba falola ka go fitlha boswa jwa bone mme kgabagare ba tshwana le batho ba Swahili-Aforika ba morago ga phetogo.<ref>Roberts, George (2021). [[doi:10.1017/S0021853721000530|"MOLINACO, the Comorian Diaspora, and Decolonisation in East Africa's Indian Ocean"]]. ''The Journal of African History''. '''62''' (3). Cambridge University Press: 411–429. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0021853721000530|10.1017/S0021853721000530]]</ref> Ditshaba tse di kileng tsa bo di atlegile tsa Parsis (Zoroastrians) le Malagasy kwa Zanzibar le tsone di ne tsa khutla ka tshoganyetso fa bontsi jo bogolo bo ne bo lelekwa kgotsa ka tsela nngwe bo tshaba mo setlhopheng sa ditlhaketlhake ka nako eno.<ref>Bala, Farah (2012). [https://zoroastrians.net/2012/07/22/a-zoroastrian-in-zanzibar-farah-bala/ "A Zoroastrian in Zanzibar"]. Zoroastrians.net. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231003214207/https://zoroastrians.net/2012/07/22/a-zoroastrian-in-zanzibar-farah-bala/ Archived] from the original on 2023-10-03.</ref><ref>Kamalakaran, Ajay (2022). [https://scroll.in/magazine/1016501/a-brief-history-of-how-parsis-flourished-in-zanzibar-with-a-cameo-from-freddie-mercury "A brief history of how Parsis flourished in Zanzibar (with a cameo from Freddie Mercury)"]. Scroll.in. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240329140159/https://scroll.in/magazine/1016501/a-brief-history-of-how-parsis-flourished-in-zanzibar-with-a-cameo-from-freddie-mercury Archived] from the original on 2024-03-29. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)</ref> == Polao == Modipolomate wa Amerika Don Petterson o tlhalositse dipolao tsa Maarabea ke bontsi jwa Maaforika jaaka tiro ya polao ya semorafe, mme a kwala jaana "Polao ya semorafe e ne e se lereo le le neng le le mo fesheneng ka nako eo, jaaka le ne la nna moragonyana, fela go siame go bolela gore mo dikarolong tsa Zanzibar, polao ya Maarabea e ne e le polao ya semorafe, motlhofo fela jalo genocide".<ref name=":6" /> E ne e le go runya mo gogolo ga tirisodikgoka e e kgatlhanong le Maarabea mo ditsong tsa Aforika ya morago ga bokolone. Fa e sa le ka tshimologo ya lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga, baagi botlhe ba ba humileng le ba ba nang le ditshiamelo thata ba setlhaketlhake e ne e le Maarabea kgotsa BaAsia Borwa. Morago ga dingwaga di le lesome tsa dipolotiki tsa phetogo, bone le bamasika a bone ba ba neng ba sa huma thata ba ne ba bolawa, ba patelesega go fuduga kgotsa ba fokolediwa go nna mo lehumeng.<ref>Burgess, G. Thomas (2018-03-28), [https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-155 "The Zanzibar Revolution and Its Aftermath"], ''Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History'', [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.155|10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.155]], ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4.</ref> Baeteledipele ba Phetogo ya Zanzibar ba ne ba rotloetsa masole a Aforika a Bantsho go tlhasela batho ba e seng Bantsho, mme seo sa dira gore go nne le polao e e seng kana ka sepe. Diketekete tsa baagi ba Maarabea ba ba senang dibetsa ba ne ba bolawa.<ref name=":7">Morimoto, Kazuo (2012-06-25). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=dSzcaSf5vDsC&pg=PA192 Sayyids and Sharifs in Muslim Societies: The Living Links to the Prophet]''. Routledge. p. 192. ISBN 978-1-136-33738-3.</ref> Ba tlhotlhelediwa ke letlhoo la letso le ditsholofetso tsa khumo le basadi, masole a a galefileng a Aforika a ne a tsamaya ntlo le ntlwana, a bolaya, a tlhokofatsa le go betelela Moarabea mongwe le mongwe yo ba neng ba ka mo tshwara ka diatla. Ditopo tse di tshologang madi di ne di tletse mo mebileng ya Zanzibar, go ne ga nna le dikgetsi tsa ditopo tse di kgaotsweng ditokololo.<ref name=":1" /> Mabenkele a le mantsi a Baindia a ne a thopiwa le go fisiwa, mme Baindia bangwe ba ne ba bolawa. Dithoto tsa Maarabea di ne tsa tsewa.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga polao e e neng e ikaeletswe, diketekete tse dingwe di ne tsa tsenngwa mo dikampeng mme moragonyana tsa lelekwa ka dikgoka.<ref name=":5" /> Matlo a ne a tlhaselwa mme batho ba letlalo le le motlhofo ba ne ba lebisitswe gore ba nyelediwe, gantsi ka tsela e e setlhogo, mo e leng gore ga go na setopo se se neng se ka sala gore se fitlhwe. Go bolelwa fa Okello a ne a ipelafatsa ka gore ene ka boene o ne a bolaya batho ba feta dikete di ferabobedi.<ref name=":7" /> Polao ya magolegwa a Maarabea, go fitlhwa ga bone mo mabitleng a bontsi, go gwanta ka kgapeletso le go bolawa go ne ga kwalwa ke setlhopha sa badiri ba Italy, ba filima go tswa mo sefofaneng sa thootomo, go dira Africa Addio, mme tatelano eno ya filimi e ne e na le tokomane e le nngwe fela e e itsiweng ya dipolao.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2009). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20111214001230/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/history/resource-library/Daly_thesis.pdf Our Mother is Afro-Shirazi, Our Father Is the Revolution]'' (PDF) (Senior thesis). New York: Columbia University. p. 42. Archived from [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/history/resource-library/Daly_thesis.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2011-12-14. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mabedi le motso ka 2021.</ref> Filimi e ne e thibetswe kwa tshimologong kwa Zanzibar, mme e itsege thata mo nakong e e fetileng mme e dirile gore batho ba nne le maikutlo a a farologaneng, ka bangwe ba e bona e le polokelo ya se se diragetseng mme ba bangwe (gantsi ba ba neng ba amega mo phetogong) ba bolela gore ditshwantsho di ne di dirilwe mo seraleng kgotsa di feteleditswe.<ref>Fouéré, Marie-Aude (2016). [https://shs.hal.science/halshs-01404568 "Film as archive: Africa Addio and the ambiguities of remembrance in contemporary Zanzibar"]. ''Social Anthropology''. '''24''' (1): 93. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/1469-8676.12282|10.1111/1469-8676.12282]]</ref> Diketekete di ne tsa tshaba kwa Zanzibar, le fa bontsi bo ne bo sa kgone go tsamaya mme ba patelesega go "tshela mo moriting, ba batla go le gontsi go itira gore ba lebalwe go na le go gapa gape melemo e e latlhegileng".<ref name=":7" /> Digongwana tsa marabele di ne di lebile boswa jwa BoIslam jwa Zanzibar ka tlhamalalo. Bontsi jwa mekwalo ya Searabea e e mo Mabolokelong a Bosetshaba a Zanzibar e ile ya senngwa. Di-Qur'an le dibuka tse dingwe tsa BoIslam di ne tsa fisiwa mo mebileng, le fa diperesente di le masome a ferabongwe le boferabobedi tsa batho ba Zanzibar e ne e le MaMuslim.<ref name=":7" /> == Palo ya dintsho == Raditso Jonathon Glassman o ne a fopholetsa gore Zanzibar e ne ya latlhegelwa ke kotara kgotsa go feta ya baagi ba yone ba Maarabea kwa bokhutlong jwa 1964 ka ntlha ya go lelekwa, go tshaba kgotsa go bolawa ka bontsi. Okello o ne a bolela gore Maarabaa a le dikete tse lesome le motso, makgolo a ferabongwe, masome a ferabongwe le metso e mtlhano a ne a bolawa mme a le dikete tse masome mabedi le motso, makgolo a mane le masome a marataro le bobedi a ne a tshwarwa.<ref name=":0" /> Ali Muhsin, tonakgolo e e neng ya tlosiwa mo setilong, o ne a fopholetsa gore go ne ga tshwarwa Maarabea a le dikete tse masome mabedi le borataro mme ba le dikete tse lekgolo ba ne ba lelekwa ka dikgoka. Seif Sharif Hamad, leloko la puso e ntsha ya phetogo ya Zanzibar, o ne a bolela gore o boleletswe gore go bolailwe batho ba feta dikete tse lesome le boraro, bontsi jwa bone e le Maarabea.<ref name=":4" /> Metswedi mengwe e neelana ka dipalo tse di ka nnang dikete tse masome mabedi tsa palo ya batswasetlhabelo ba Maarabea.<ref>Plekhanov, Sergey (2004). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-U8BL-tEPLwC&pg=PA91 A Reformer on the Throne: Sultan Qaboos Bin Said Al Said]''. Trident Press Ltd. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-900724-70-8.</ref><ref>West-Pavlov, Russell (2018). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4P5cDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA34 Eastern African Literatures: Towards an Aesthetics of Proximity]''. Oxford University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-19-874572-3.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == grlt4l07dnpguq7y58dci8q7lesuyng 0 11201 54024 44328 2026-08-12T04:32:02Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54024 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Windhoek, Hochland Park.jpg|thumb]] '''Old Location''' (kgotsa jaaka go ne go itsewe pele e le '''Main Location''') e ne e le lefelo le le neng le seegeletswe kwa thoko batho bantsho ba [[Windhoek]], toropokgolo ya [[Namibia]]. E kwa lefelong le le fa gare ga [[Hochland Park]] le [[Pioneers Park]]. == Ditso == Fa lefelo le le tlhodiwa ka 1912 ke khansele ya Windhoek, batho bantstho botlhe ba dikaolo tse dingwe tsa toropo ba ne ba fudusediwa kwa Main Location. Morago ga ngwaga, ditsela di ne tsa alwa ga nna le kgaoganyo ya merafe ya batho bantsho, morafe mongwe le mongwe o patelediwa go nna mo lefelong le le pharologanyo. Tsamaiso ya lefelo leo e ne ya kgaoganngwa batho bantsho ba bannang mo lefelong leo le batho basweu ba ba nnang go sele. Lefelo le le ne le na le sekolo sa kereke ya St. Barnabas Anglican, sekolo se se neng se tsenwa ke palo ya baithuti ba maemo, ba akaretsa [[Clemens Kapuuo]], [[Sam Nujoma]], [[Mburumba Kerina]], [[Tjama Tjivikua]] le [[Kuaima Riruako]]. Sekolo se se sentswe fa Old Location a tswalelwa batho bantsho.<ref>Gewald, Jan-Bart (September 2004). [https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/4851 "Who Killed Clemens Kapuuo?"] (PDF). ''Journal of Southern African Studies''. '''30''' (3): 561. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0305707042000254100 10.1080/0305707042000254100]. hdl:[https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/4851 1887/4851]. ISSN 0305-7070. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Who-killed-Clemens-Kapuuo-Gewald/b0625ad5bbaf4705386dfd7d8c79ccb831a93c9b 146448312].</ref> == Tsuologo ya Old Location == === Tse di diragetseng pele === Morago ga [[ntwa ya ntlha ya mafatshe]], lekgotla la [[League of Nations]] le ne la neela South West Africa, e e neng e le kolone ya Germany pele, lefatshe la [[United Kingdom]] e le tumalano mo setlhogong sa [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>Eerikäinen, Marjo (14 July 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718093128/http://www.vantaa.fi/i_perusdokumentti.asp?path=1;218;58993;1858;29614;75003;75071 "The South Africa Mandate 1915-1989".] Vantaa. Archived from [https://www.vantaa.fi/i_perusdokumentti.asp?path=1;218;58993;1858;29614;75003;75071 the original] on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 06 October 2025.</ref> Fa National party e fenya ditlhopho tsa Aforika Borwa tsa ngwaga wa 1948 e simolodisa molao wa tlhaolele,<ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/search?search_api_fulltext=1948-election&type=article&sort_by=search_api_relevance "Formation of the South African Republic".] South Africa History Online. Retrieved 06 October 2025.</ref> melao e e ne ya atolosediwa kwa South West Africa e e neng e le kgaolo ya Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110420064235/http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/namoverview6.htm "Namibia: Apartheid, resistance and repression (1945-1966)".] Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa. August 2009. Archived from [https://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/namoverview6.htm the original] on 20 April 2011. Retrieved 06 October 2025.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa 1950, mmasepala wa [[Windhoek]] le batsamaisi ba Aforika Borwa ba kolone ba ne ba tsaya tshwetso ya go fudusa banni ba main Location ka dikgoka, dikhilomithara di robabobedi go ya kwa bokone jwa toropokgolo, se se gwetlha ba ba fudusiwang go fa lefelo le lešha Katutura (ka puo ya Otjiherero go tewa: lefelo le re sa bantleng go nna kwa go lone).<ref name=":0">Dierks, Klaus. [https://www.klausdierks.com/Chronology/101.htm "History of Namibia, 1959".] klausdierks.com. Retrieved 06 October 2025</ref> Bontsi jwa banni ba ne ba sa batle go fuduga ka mabaka a a farologaneng: ba ne ba na le lefatshe kwa Old Location fa ko Katutura gone lefatshe lotlhe e ne e le la mmasepala. Ditsha tse di neng di abiwa kwa Kututura di ne di le dinnye go feta tsa Old location, se se baka go tlhoka go nna le ditshimo. Banni ba bantsho gape ba ne ba sena itsholelo epe e e kalo, ka jaanong ba ne ba tshwanela go duela mmasepala madi a phiriso, ebile ba tlhoka base go ya ditirong kwa toropong, fa kwa Old Location gone ba ne ba tsamaya ka dinao.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160307124930/http://www.republikein.com.na/politiek-en-nasionale/toerisme-en-omgewingsake/onafhanklikheid-ook-ou-lokasie-se-vrug.139873.php "Onafhanklikheid ook Ou Lokasie se vrug"] [Independence also a result of Old Location]. ''[[:en:Republikein|Die Republikein]]'' (in Afrikaans). 16 December 2011. Archived from [https://www.republikein.com.na/politiek-en-nasionale/toerisme-en-omgewingsake/onafhanklikheid-ook-ou-lokasie-se-vrug.139873.php the original] on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 06 October 2025</ref> === Kganyaolo ya Old Location, Windhoek === Phathi e ntšha ya SWANU, mo nngweng ya dikganyaolo tsa yone tsa ntlha, e ne ya rulaganya mogwanto wa baagi, o o neng wa simolola ka Morule a le lesome ngwaga wa 1959. Mapodisi a ne a thuntsha ba ba neng ba gwanta ka ntlha ya go gwanta le go gana ditirelo tsa mmasepala, ba bolaya batho ba le lesome le motso, ba golafatsa ba le masome mane le bone. Dingaka kwa dipateleng tsa Windhoek ba ne ba gana go alafa ba ba golafetseng, ba ba bolelela gore ba ye United Nations go bona kalafi ka ke balwetsi ba polotiki.<ref>Dierks, Klaus. [https://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_3.htm "BIOGRAPHIES OF NAMIBIAN PERSONALITIES (Entry for Schimming-Chase, Nora)"]. Retrieved 06 October 2025.</ref>Le ntswa se se supiwa ke ba ba boneng ba le bantsi, gareng ga bone go na le Sam Nujoma, tautona wa ntlha wa Namibia o o buang ka tiragalo e mo bukeng ya botshelo jwa gagwe ya ''Where Others Wavered,'' e ganeditswe. [[Hannes Smith]] o ne a baka ketsaetsego ka ngwaga wa 2003, a re ke maaka.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2003-08-30-nujomas-war-of-words-with-editor/ Nujoma's war of words with editor] in the Mail & Guardian, 30 August 2003</ref> Banni ba ka nna dikete di le tharo go tsena di le nne ba ne ba tshaba kwa lefelong leo ba gana go boela kwa go lone, ba tshaba go tshwarwa ke mapodise. Tsuologo ya Old location, jaaka e ne ya bidiwa, e ne e le selelo sa go ipusa ga Namibia go fitlehelela lefatshe le ipusa ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa 1990, dingwaga di le masome a mararo le motso morago.<ref>[http://www.namibweb.com/hiskat.htm History of Old Location and Katutura] NamibWeb.com</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181215174954/https://www.vantaa.fi/en/i_perusdokumentti.asp?path=1;135;137;2620;218;58993;1858;29614;75003;75075 Forced Removal] from Old Location Archived 2011-06-08 at the Wayback Machine Vantaa.fi</ref> Ke nngwe ya ditiragalo tse di bakileng go tlhamiwa ga lekgotla la [[SWAPO]]<ref>Peter N. Stearns and William Leonard Langer. ''The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged'', 2001. Page 1070.</ref><ref>Moorsom, Richard (April 1979). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1979.tb00041.x "Labour Consciousness and the 1971-72 Contract Workers Strike in Namibia"]. ''Development and Change''. '''10''' (2): 205–231. doi:[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1979.tb00041.x 10.1111/j.1467-7660.1979.tb00041.x.]</ref> ka go pateletsa baeteledipele ba mo setšhabeng go tswa kwa Ovamboland People's Organization go tshaba, ba akaretsa Sam Nujoma.<ref name=":0" /> Gongwe gape ke lengwe la mabaka a gore SWAPO e bo e sa nna le seabe se s kalo mo go ikueleng le go gana, le go dira selelo sa boipuso ntwa.<ref>Reginald Herbold Green (ed.). "Namibia". [[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|Encyclopædia Britannica.]] Retrieved 06 October 2025.</ref> Tsuologo ya Old Location ke lebaka la kitsiso ya Morule a le lesome, [[letsatsi la ditshwanelo tsa setho]], letsatsi la boikhutso la Namibia. == Go fetogela kwa Katutura == Go fetogela kwa Katutura go tsere dingwaga di le mmalwa. ka ngwaga wa 1962, batho ba ka nna dikete di le supa ba ne ba fudusiwa, ba kopana le ba Ovambo ba ba dikete pedi ba ba neng ba setse ba nna koo.<ref>"Die Bewohner von Katutura" [The inhabitants of Katutura]. ''[[:en:Allgemeine_Zeitung_(Namibia)|Allgemeine Zeitung]]'' (in German). 15 August 1962.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1968, motse wa Old Location o ne wa tswalwa, batho basweu ba simolola go itshetlela. == Banni ba tlhwatlhwa == * [[Joseph Odgeb Jimmy]], moemedi wa lefatshe ko lefatsheng le sele<ref>[[:en:Mvula_ya_Nangolo|Mvula ya Nangolo]]: [https://www.namibian.com.na/?id=28&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=6299&no_cache=1 Joseph Jimmy: freedom fighter and bridge builder] The Namibian, 6 February 2004</ref> * [[Anna Mungunda]], mogaka wa Namibia, mmereki wa legae o o bolailweng mo tsuologong ya 1959<ref>[[:en:Nahas_Angula|Angula, Nahas]] (10 December 2010). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20121129153207/http://209.88.21.36/opencms/opencms/grnnet/OPM/Archives/media/speeches/2009_speeches/modules/news/news_0054.html?uri=/grnnet/OPM/Archives/media/speeches/2009_speeches/index.html Old location massacre: the spark that ignited the struggle for national independence".] ''Speeches of the Prime Minister''. Government of Namibia. Archived from the original on 29 November 2012.</ref> == Metswedi == tuhugeczkow7m7was002survrm63sup 0 11641 54019 51774 2026-08-12T01:18:16Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Fanele Ntuli|birth_name=Fanele Ntuli|birth_date={{birth date and age|1991|03|7|df=y}}|resting place coordinates=<!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->|education=[[Durban Girls' High School]]|alma mater=Oaksfields College|occupation=Actress, Television presenter, YouTuber|years active=2013–present|known for=[[Uzalo]] as Nomaswazi Magwaza}} '''Fanele Ntuli''' (o tshotswe ka letsatsi la bosupa ka Mopitlo 1991), ke modiragatsi wa Aforika Borwa, mogasi wa thelebišene le modiri wa YouTube.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260119021849/https://savannanews.com/fanele-ntuli-biography-age-career-tv-roles-youtube-insta-pics-net-worth-durban-gen/ "Fanele Ntuli Biography"]. ''Savanna News''. 10 October 2020. Retrieved 28 Phalane 2025.</ref> O itsege thata ka dikarolo tsa gagwe mo difiliming tsa thelebišene tsa ''Uzalo'' le ''Durban Gen''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251112163431/https://www.elysian-management.com/portfolio/fanele-ntuli/ "Elysian Management - Artist"]. ''Elysian Management''. Retrieved 28 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>styleyou (28 July 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183546/https://styleyou7.com/dr-zondo-from-durban-gen-currently-left-fans-in-a-frenzy-with-her-latest-look/ "Dr. Zondo from Durban Gen currently left fans in a frenzy with her latest look"]. ''style you 7''. Retrieved 28 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == O tsene kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Basetsana sa Durban ka 2003 mme a dira materiki ka 2008. Mme ka 2013, o ne a bona Setlankana se se Kwa Godimo sa dithuto tsa Drama go tswa kwa Kholetšheng ya Oaksfields.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183546/https://talent-etc.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/FANELE-NTULI-CV.pdf "Fanele Ntuli career"] (PDF). ''talent-etc.co.za''. Archived from [https://talent-etc.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/FANELE-NTULI-CV.pdf the original] (PDF) on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 28 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Tiro == Mo botshelong jwa gagwe kwa Oaksfields College, o ne a diragatsa mo ditlhagisong tsa bobogelo tse di jaaka; ''In Love With Shakespeare'' ka seabe sa "Mohumagadi Mac Beth", mo ''The Story of Jane Doe'' jaaka "Mooki Coco" le mo ''Imagine'' jaaka "Michelle, mmamaasalamose". Ka 2015, o ile a iponatsa lantlha mo thelebisheneng ka karolo e nnye ya "School girl" mo soapie ya ''Isibaya''. Mme ka 2016, o ne a tsenelela motseletsele wa ''[[Uzalo]]'' go tshameka karolo ya "Mandisa".<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga katlego eo, o ne a kopanela le batshameki ba ka metlha ba e.tv. drama ya kalafi ya thelebišene ya ''[[Durban Gen]]'', moo a tshamekang karolo ya "Ngaka Thandekile Zondo".<ref>actors, Durban Gen; celebrities, their ages-Southern African (8 July 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183547/https://www.safrolebs.com/blog/celebs/biographies/fanele-ntuli-biography/ "Get to know Dr Zondo from Durban Gen in real life"]. ''Southern African celebrities''. Archived from [https://www.safrolebs.com/blog/celebs/biographies/fanele-ntuli-biography/ the original] on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 28 Phalane 2025.</ref> Jaanong o tshameka karolo ya "Nomaswazi Magwaza" mo motseletseleng wa [[Uzalo]] morago ga go tshameka karolo ya "Mandisa" ka 2016. {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga !Filimi !Karolo !Genre !Ref. |- |2022 |''[[Uzalo]]'' |Nomsawazi Magwaza |Sophie | |- |2015 |[[Isibaya]] |School Girl |telenovela | |- |2019 |[[Ifalakhe]] |Zanezulu |TV series | |- |2019-2023 |''[[Durban Gen]]'' |Dr Thandekile Zondo |Telenovela | |} == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] 6tpkol4vedi2hyzlfwehl93mzmj6gqr 0 12178 54020 50077 2026-08-12T01:43:02Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54020 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Habiba Atta Forson''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Phatwe a le lesome le boferabobedi)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251208202222/https://pfag.com.gh/index.php/2019/08/18/pfag-showers-its-felicitations-on-madam-habiba-attah-forson/ "PFAG showers it's felicitations on Madam Habiba Attah Forson"]. ''The Professional Footballers Association of Ghana (PFAG)''. 2019-08-18. Retrieved 30 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> ke motsamaisi wa kgwele ya dinao wa mogale wa Ghana le motabogi wa pele wa Ghana. Ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le bone ka 2019, o ne a tsenelela kgaisano mme a gapa sebaka sa go direla mo Lekgotleng la Khuduthamaga la [[Mokgatlho wa Kgwele ya Dinao wa Ghana]], mme seo sa dira gore e nne ene fela mosadi yo ga jaanong jaana a direlang mo lekgotleng la khuduthamaga la Mokgatlho wa Kgwele ya Dinao wa Ghana. O itsege ka go nna motho wa ntlha go simolola [[kgwele ya dinao ya basadi]] kwa [[Ghana]].<ref>Okine, Sammy Heywood. [https://www.newsghana.com.gh/good-old-habiba-atta-forson-wins-gfa-executive-council-after-beating-three-young-ladies/ "Good Old Habiba Atta Forson Wins GFA Executive Council After Beating Three Young Ladies - News Ghana"]. ''News Ghana''. Retrieved 30 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191025055739/https://www.myjoyonline.com/sports/2019/October-24th/gfa-elections-habiba-atta-forson-wins-womens-exco-position.php "GFA Elections: Habiba Atta Forson wins Women's ExCo position"]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. Retrieved 30 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191025055716/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/GFA-Elections-Habiba-Atta-wins-women-s-vote-to-join-EXCo-792788 "GFA Elections: Habiba Atta wins women's vote to join EXCo"]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. Archived from [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/GFA-Elections-Habiba-Atta-wins-women-s-vote-to-join-EXCo-792788 the original] on 2019-10-25. Retrieved 30 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/madam-habiba-atta-elected-onto-gfa-executive-council.html "Madam Habiba Atta elected onto GFA Executive Council"]. ''Graphic Online''. 2019-10-24. Retrieved 30 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191025061114/https://ghanasoccernet.com/breaking-news-habiba-atta-grabs-exco-position-after-winning-womens-vote-2 "Breaking News: Habiba Atta grabs Ghana FA Exco position after winning women's vote"]. ''GhanaSoccernet''. Archived from [https://ghanasoccernet.com/breaking-news-habiba-atta-grabs-exco-position-after-winning-womens-vote-2 the original] on 2019-10-25. Retrieved 30 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref><ref>[https://ghananewsagency.org/sports/habiba-atta-beats-evelyn-and-two-others-to-join-gfa-executive-council-158518 "Habiba Atta beats Evelyn and two others to join GFA Executive Council"]. ''ghananewsagency.org''. Retrieved 30 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> Gape ke mothei wa [[Fabulous Ladies]], nngwe ya ditlhopha tsa kgwele ya dinao tsa basadi tse di tumileng kwa Ghana.<ref>[https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/meet-the-74-year-old-woman-elected-onto-gfa-executive-council/wgfs9pp "Meet the 74-year-old woman elected onto GFA Executive Council"]. ''www.pulse.com.gh''. 2019-10-24. Retrieved 30 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251007192653/https://ghanaguardian.com/george-afriyie-congratulates-habiba-atta-over-gfa-victory "George Afriyie congratulates Habiba Atta over GFA victory"]. ''The Ghana Guardian News''. Retrieved 30 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Forson o simolotse thuto ya gagwe ya motheo ya sekolo kwa Yaa Achiaa Girls Basic kwa Kumasi, kwa a simolotseng go nna le lorato lwa metshameko gone.<ref name=":0">Asare, George Ernest (20 November 2019). [https://www.graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/habiba-atta-forson-the-woman-with-many-parts-in-sports.html "Habiba Atta Forson: The woman with many parts in sports"]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 30 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> O ne a tswelela kwa [[T.I. Sekolo se Segolo sa Ahmadiyya, Kumasi]] kwa a neng a tswelela go godisa le go tlhabolola bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go tlolela kwa godimo le mo ditiragalong tse dingwe tsa kwa tshimong. Fa a le kwa sekolong o ne a emela Kgaolo ya Ashanti ka nako ya Meletlo ya Metshameko ya Bosetšhaba kwa a neng a dira sentle thata ka go fenya dietsele mo go Tloleng kwa godimo, shot put, go tika javelin le dikgaisano tsa go taboga dimitara di le 4 × 100.<ref name=":0" /> == Tiro == === Mabelo === Ka 1965, ka nako ya Metshameko ya ntlha ya Aforika Yotlhe e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa Congo Brazzaville, o ne a le karolo ya setlhopha sa baatlelete ba Ghana mme a gapa selefera mo kgaisanong ya go tlolela kwa godimo. Gape e ne e le leloko la setlhopha se gape se neng sa gapa selefera mo kgaisanong ya dimitara di le 4 × 100.<ref name=":0" /> Magareng ga 1962 le 1965, Forson o ne a nna le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo metshamekong ya go taboga fa a ne a fenya dikgaisano tsa bosetšhaba tsa go tlolela kwa godimo ka go latelana mme a tlhoma rekoto ya bosetšhaba ka 1963 - rekoto e e neng ya nna e le teng dingwaga di le tlhano pele ga e thubiwa. Ka 1977, o ne a fenya dikgaisano tsa thenese tsa kgaolo tse ka nako eo a neng a sa tlhole a le mo dikgaisanong tse di matlhagatlhaga tsa diatleletiki.<ref name=":0" /> === Tsamaiso ya kgwele ya dinao === Forson e ne e le badiri le mokatisi kwa Kholetšheng ya Setegeniki ya Sekontari ya Kumasi (KISCO). O itsege ka seabe sa gagwe se se botlhokwa mo go fetoleng batshameki ba ba tshwanang le Frimpong Manso go tswa go motlhasedi go nna mosireletsi le George Kennedy go nna motlhasedi yo o bolayang mo lefelong la selegae.[10] Frimpong Manso o ne a tswelela go tshamekela Asante Kotoko le setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa Ghana.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1985, Forson o ne a simolola setlhopha sa Liki ya Basadi ya Ghana sa Fabulous Ladies, ka leina la Ashtown Ladies. O ne a gaisana ka maemo mo komitingkhuduthamaga ya Mokgatlho wa Kgwele ya Dinao wa Ghana ka sebaka se le sengwe fela sa Ditlhopha tsa Batlhophi makgetlo a le mabedi mme a latlhegelwa ke Leanier Addy. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka Diphalane 2019, o ne a gapa sebaka mo komiting ya khuduthamaga ka sebaka se se sa tswang go tlhamiwa sa kgwele ya dinao ya basadi. O ne a tlhopha diboutu di le robedi mo go tse 16 tse di neng di le teng a fenya mogwetlhani wa gagwe yo o gaufi thata Evelyn Nsiah Asare ka boutu e le nosi. Nngwe ya ditiro tsa gagwe jaaka moemedi wa basadi e ne e le go dira mmogo le Naa Odofoley Nortey go tla ka tokomane ya pholisi e e tseneletseng ka ga kgwele ya dinao ya basadi, e e neng e tlhomile mogopolo mo go tokafatseng go bonala, go phuthela le go dira letshwaokgwebo. Ka 2020, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna modulasetulo wa komiti ya botsamaisi jwa Black Queens, a nna mo maemong ao gape ka 2021. Pele ga moo, o kile a nna leloko la komiti dingwaga di le mmalwa. Gape o ne a etelela pele le go dira jaaka leloko la dikomiti tse dingwe di le mmalwa tsa metshameko go akaretsa le dikomiti tsa Liki ya Basadi ya Kgaolo ya Ashanti le tsa bana. Ka Sedimonthole 2019, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna tlhogo ya Komiti ya Sejana sa FA sa Basadi sa Ghana mme a nna mo maemong ao gape ka 2021. Gape ke leloko la pele la botsamaisi jwa Kumasi Asante Kotoko. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Forson o na le bana ba le barataro.<ref name=":0" /> == Ditlotla == Ka Seetebosigo 2021, ka nako ya [[Dietsele tsa Kgwele ya Dinao tsa Ghana]] tsa 2021, Forson o ne a tlotliwa ka Kabo ya Phitlhelelo e e Kgethegileng ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe se segolo mo kgweleng ya dinao ya Ghana mme segolobogolo mo kgweleng ya dinao ya basadi kwa Ghana. == Metswedi == ncvm1zlwu37r0gcokk168wyfogmqpji 0 12457 54027 46292 2026-08-12T04:54:54Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54027 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:QUEENSTAR MAAME POKUAH SAWYERR.jpg|thumb|Queenstar]] '''Queenstar Maame Pokua Sawyerr''' (O belegwe ka 11 Phukwi 1964) K3 mopolotiki wa kwa [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]], le mothusa tona wa [[:en:Central_Region_(Ghana)|Central Regional]] wa pele.[http://www.modernghana.com/news/469518/1/list-of-regional-ministers-in-ghana-with-their-dep.html <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=277257 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][[https://web.archive.org/web/20131014214651/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/2012-02-08-08-18-09/regional-ministers <nowiki>3]</nowiki>] E ne ele leloko la palamente ya Agona East Constituency since 2013.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240418064908/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=32 <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>] == Botshelo le thuto == Sawyerr o belegwe ka 1 Phukwi, 1964 mme o tswa kwa Agona Kwanyako kwa Central Region ya Ghana. O ne a amogela dipoloma ya gagwe e e kwa godimo go tswa kwa [[:en:Accra_Polytechnic|Accra Polytechnic]] mme a amogela setankana sa bachelor's in Business Administration le master's in Public Administration go tswa kwa [[:en:Atlantic_International_University|Atlantic International University]].[https://web.archive.org/web/20190427151557/https://ukgcc.com.gh/hon-queenstar-pokuah-sawyerr-2/ <nowiki>[ 5]</nowiki>][https://web.archive.org/web/20220204085744/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5405 <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>] Atlantic International University ke setheo sa thuto se se sa dumelelwang se se ithutelang kgakala se se ileng sa tshwaiwa jaaka setlamo sa dikirii,[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 <nowiki>[7]</nowiki>] mme dikirii tsa sone di ile tsa latlhwa jaaka "tse e seng tsa nnete"[https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/fake-doctorates-gifty-anti-igp-hassan-ayariga-and-others-indicted-in-fake-doctorate/ytpybd5 <nowiki>.[8]</nowiki>] == Tiro ya gagwe == Sawyerr ke mosadi wa kgwebo. O ne a le CEO wa Queenstar Real Estates Company Limited pele a tsaya maemo a gagwe jaaka leloko la palamente.[http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5405 <nowiki>[ 9]</nowiki>] == Dipolotiki == Sawyerr ke leloko la [[:en:National_Democratic_Congress_(Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]]. Ga jaana ke leloko la palamente ya [[:en:Agona_East_(Ghana_parliament_constituency)|Agona East Constituency]] kwa Central Region ya Ghana[http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5405 <nowiki>.[ 9]</nowiki>][10] == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Sawyerr o nyetse mme o na le bana ba le bane.[https://web.archive.org/web/20220204085744/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5405 <nowiki>[ 6]</nowiki>] Ke Mokeresete mme o obamela jaaka Mo-Anglican. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418064908/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=32 <nowiki>[ 4]</nowiki>] == Tiro ya go thusa ba bangwe == Mo dingwageng tse di fetang 10, Sawyerr o ne a tlhabolola Sekema sa Kadimo sa Maame Pokua (MPLS) go aba madi le go tshegetsa bagwebi ba basadi mo tikologong ya gagwe. Sekema se ke kadimo e e senang morokotso e e ikaeletseng go thusa basadi go atolosa dikgwebo tsa bona. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, o ne a neela baithuti ba ba fetang 1400 ba ba neng ba kwala BECE ka dipalo. == Metswedi == [http://www.modernghana.com/news/469518/1/list-of-regional-ministers-in-ghana-with-their-dep.html <nowiki>[1] "List of Regional Ministers in Ghana with Their Deputies</nowiki>]". ModernGhana. Retrieved 23 November 2013. [http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=277257 <nowiki>[2] "List of Regional Ministers in Ghana with Their Deputies</nowiki>]". GhanaWeb. Retrieved 23 November 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014214651/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/2012-02-08-08-18-09/regional-ministers <nowiki>[3] "Regional Ministers</nowiki>]". Government of Ghana. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418064908/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=32 <nowiki>[4] "Parliament of Ghana</nowiki>]". Parliament of Ghana. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190427151557/https://ukgcc.com.gh/hon-queenstar-pokuah-sawyerr-2/ <nowiki>[5] "HON. QUEENSTAR POKUAH SAWYERR</nowiki>]". UK-Ghana Chamber of Commerce. 5 July 2018. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220204085744/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5405 <nowiki>[6] "Ghana MPs – MP Details – Sawyerr, Queenstar Pokuah".</nowiki>] Ghana MPs. Retrieved 27 April 2019. [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 <nowiki>[7] "Probe IGP's 'Fake' doctorate degree - Academics</nowiki>]". GhanaWeb. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2023. [8] quist (3 August 2016). [https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/fake-doctorates-gifty-anti-igp-hassan-ayariga-and-others-indicted-in-fake-doctorate/ytpybd5 "Gifty Anti, IGP, Hassan Ayariga and others indicted in fake doctorate degree scandal]". Pulse Ghana. Retrieved 28 November 2023. [http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5405 <nowiki>[9] "Ghana MPs – MP Details – Sawyerr, Queenstar Pokuah</nowiki>]". Ghana MPs. Retrieved 25 March 2021. 8wnsfkhej7bth9gl3ac39dxx1ip4ru9 0 12997 54022 49027 2026-08-12T02:59:19Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54022 wikitext text/x-wiki Go tswa mo Wikipedia, encyclopedia e e gololesegileng<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260218121159/https://savannanews.com/lihle-dhlomo-biography-age-career-tv-shows-movies-awards-pictures-net-worth-durban-gen/ "Lihle Dhlomo Biography"]. savannanews. Retrieved 12 November 2020.</ref> '''Lihle Dhlomo''' (o tshotswe ka 1990) ke motshameki wa mosadi wa South Africa. O itsege thata ka dikarolo tsa gagwe mo difilimeng le mo ditlhopheng tsa thelebišene tse di jaaka [[Seriously Single]], The Harvesters, Between Friends: Ithala le HG's Shadow.<ref name=":0" /> Ntle le go tshameka, gape ke motsayakarolo wa lentswe (voice-over), modantshi, le moopedi yo o ithutang. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == O tshotswe ka 1990 kwa [[Gauteng]], [[South Africa]].<ref name=":1">[https://briefly.co.za/76689-lihle-dhlomo-bio-age-family-education-career-films-pictures-profile.html "Lihle Dhlomo"]. briefly. Retrieved 12 November 2020.</ref> == Tiro == Ka 2011, o ne a etela dikolo di le mmalwa ka filimi ''Nothing But The Truth'' e e neng e laolwa ke Musa Dlamini. Moragonyana, o ne a tshameka mo tiragatso ya sethala e e fenang dikgele ya ''Abnormal Loads'' e e neng e laolwa ke Neil Coppen. Tiragatso eno e ne ya tshamekiwa gape kwa mafelong a a jaaka Grahamstown le kwa Hilton Arts Festival, Market Theatre le Playhouse.<ref name=":0" /> Gape o tlhageletse mo pontshong ya mmino ''It's All Fright by Me'' e e neng e laolwa ke Themi Venturas. Ka 2012, o ne a tshameka mo tiragatso ''Wizard of OZ'' e le modantshi, e e neng e laolwa ke Darren King.<ref name=":1" /> Mo ngwageng oo, Dhlomo o ne a newa sekgele sa Motseneledi yo Mosha yo o Gaisang kwa Durban Mercury Theatre Awards ka ntlha ya ditiragatso tsa gagwe tsa sethala. Morago ga moo, ka 2013, o ne a tlhophiwa kwa [[Naledi Theatre Awards]] mo karolong ya Tiragatso e e Gaisang ya Motshameki wa Mosadi mo Karolong e e Thusang.<ref name=":1" /> Ka Phatwe 2020, o ne a tshameka mo filiming ya metlae ''Seriously Single'' e e neng e ka laolwa mmogo ke Katleho Ramaphakela le Rethabile Ramaphakela. Filimi eno e ne ya gololwa ka 31 Phukwi 2020 mo [[Netflix]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250119184239/http://myheraldmagazine.com/seriously-single-romantic-comedy-premieres-on-netflix-on-31st-july-2020/ "Seriously Single Romantic Comedy Premieres on Netflix On 31st July, 2020"]. ''Myhearld Magazine''. 17 July 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.</ref> O ne a itsega thata ka karolo ya gagwe ya “Dr Precious” mo letotong le le tumileng la thelebišene ''Durban Gen'', le le neng la simolola ka Diphalane 2020.<ref name=":0" /> Mo letotong leo, o tshameka e le ngaka ya bomme le botsalo (obstetrician-gynaecologist) yo o nyetsweng ke tlhogo ya bongaka jwa go buwa (Head of Surgery) le monna yo o ratang basadi, Dr Thabo Dlamini, yo o tshamekiwang ke Meshack Mavuso.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211101160002/https://gautenglifestylemag.co.za/durban-gen-save-lihle-dhlomo-from-quitting-the-acting-industry/ "Durban Gen' save Lihle Dhlomo from Quitting the Acting Industry"]. gautenglifestylemag. Archived from [https://gautenglifestylemag.co.za/durban-gen-save-lihle-dhlomo-from-quitting-the-acting-industry/ the original] on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2020.</ref> == Ditiro tsa Difilimi == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Filimi !Karolo !Mofuta !Tshupiso |- |2014 |Between Friends: Ithala |Linda |Filimi | |- |2017 |HG's Shadow |Mosadi |Filimi e khutshwane | |- |2018 |The Harvesters |Molaodi wa tlhagiso (Production mangaer) |Filimi | |- |2020 |[[Seriously Single]] |Pam |Filimi | |- |2022 |[[Durban Gen]] |Dr Precious |Letoto la thelebishene | |} == Ditshupiso == a5dztvdj1zlyfttq2nxxwuxdsmo5bl2 0 13111 54018 54012 2026-08-12T01:17:17Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Evan Mawarire|image=Evan Mawarire.jpg|birth_name=Evan Mawarire|birth_date=Mopitlo a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabaongwe masome a supa le bosupa|birth_place=[[Rhodesia]] kwa e leng [[Zimbabwe]] gompieno|occupation=Moruti, molwela ditshwanelo tsa puso ya batho ka batho|years active=ngwaga wa 2016 go tsena gompieno e le mopolotiki|known for=megwanto ya 2016 go tsena 2017; #ThisFlag|spouse=Samantha Mwarire|children=ba bararo}} '''Evan Mawarire''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Mopitlo a supa ka ngwaga wa 1977) <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/mawarire-is-no-saint/#disqus_thread|title=Mawarire is no saint|access-date=2018-10-26|language=en-GB}}</ref> ke moruti wa kwa lefatsheng la [[Zimbabwe]] le [[molweladitshwanelo]] tsa puso ya batho ka batho. O ne a itsege thata ka nako ya [[ditshupegetso tsa kwa Zimbabwe tsa 2016–17]] tse di neng di gwetlha puso ya ga [[Robert Mugabe]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://time.com/4659284/evan-mawarie-zimbabwe-this-flag-bail-denied/|title=Evan Mawarire, Pastor Behind Zimbabwe's #ThisFlag Protest Movement, Denied Bail|access-date=17 January 2018|archivedate=4 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104153513/http://time.com/4659284/evan-mawarie-zimbabwe-this-flag-bail-denied/}}</ref> Go begilwe fa Mawarire a kopile batho ba Zimbabwe go ngangapala le go gana go boela tirong morago ga ditshupegetso.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36791126|title=Zimbabwe pastor Evan Mawarire calls for more protests|access-date=17 January 2018}}</ref> Kwa bokhutlong jwa 2017, [[BBC News]] e ne ya bega gore Mawarire o ne a gololwa ke kgotlatshekelo ya Zimbabwe kwa a neng a lebanwe ke katlholo ya dingwaga di ka nna masome mabedi mo kgolegelong fa a ne a ka bonwa molato ka ntlha ya go leka go menola puso ya ga Robert Mugabe. Diketekete di ne tsa tla kwa tshekong ya gagwe mme se sa tsosa mokgatlho wa loago o o neng wa emelana le tshenyetso setshaba, tshiamololo le lehuma.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42171375|title=Zimbabwe court acquits Mugabe critic Evan Mawarire|access-date=11 February 2018}}</ref> Ka Phukwi a le lesome le boraro ka 2017 bonnye jwa babueledi ba le lekgolo le masome a matlhano ba ne ba ema ka dinao kwa kgotlatshekelong go emela Mawarire, fa diketekete di ne di kokoane kwa ntle ga kgotlatshekelo ya [[Harare]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Evan Mawarire, the Zimbabwean Pastor Risking His Life for Political Change |url=https://time.com/4676282/evan-mawarire-interview-zimbabwe-politics-elections/ |access-date=2018-02-18 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222152142/http://time.com/4676282/evan-mawarire-interview-zimbabwe-politics-elections/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Batsadi ba gagwe e ne e le badirelapuso mme o ne a godisediwa mo lelwapeng la Sekeresete.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2017/07/10/evan-mawarire-zimbabwes-freedom-pastor/|title=Zimbabwe's Freedom Pastor|last=Nordlinger|first=Jay|date=2017-07-09|work=National Review|access-date=2018-10-26|language=en-US}}</ref> O feditse nako ya gagwe ya bongwana kwa Harare, pele ga a fudugela kwa [[Kgaolong ya Mashonaland Bophirima]]. O tsene sekolo se se botlana sa Amandas kwa toropong ya [[Concession]].<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka 1990 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 1992, o ne a tsena [[Sekolo sa Prince Edward]] kwa Harare, pele ga a fudugela kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Charles Clack kwa [[Magunje]], e leng sekolo sa borongwa sa [[Salvation Army]], go wetsa dithuto tsa gagwe go tloga ka 1993 go ya kwa ngwageng wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a robabongwe le bone.Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro, o ne a tlhophiwa go ya kwa palamenteng ya bana ya Zimbabwe, e e neng e tlhametswe go ipelela letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la Ngwana wa moAforika.<ref name=":1" /> O ne gape a tlhophiwa go nna Tautona wa bana wa Zimbabwe.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a tswelela go ithuta kwa [[Harare Institute of Technology]], kwa a neng a aloga ka diploma ya dithuto tsa Motlakase wa Dikoloi ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro.<ref name=":0" /> == Tsa pereko == O ne a bereka mo go tsa kgwebo dingwaga di le mmalwa, mme ka nako yone eo a ne a ithaopa kwa kerekeng ya gagwe, a ruta kwa sekolong sa Tshipi.<ref name=":1"/> O ne a bona tiro ya kwa kerekeng ya gagwe e mo kgotsofatsa go gaisa, mme ka 2002 o ne a tlogela tiro ya gagwe mme a ya sekolong sa boruti.<ref name=":1" /> Go tloga ka 2002 go fitlha ka 2007, e ne e le moruti wa banana le basha kwa Celebration Churches International kwa Harare, pele ga a dira jaaka mokaedi wa kgaolo wa kereke kwa [[United Kingdom]] go tloga ka 2007 go fitlha ka 2010.<ref name=":0"/> Ka 2010, o ne a tlhoma kereke ya gagwe ya His Generation kwa Harare. <ref name=":0" /> == Letsholo la #ThisFlag == <nowiki>#</nowiki>This Flag, ke letsholo la puso ya batho ka batho kwa Zimbabwe le le tlhamilweng ke Mawarire ka maikaelelo a go ntsha puso ya ga tautona Robert Mugabe.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2017/07/10/evan-mawarire-zimbabwes-freedom-pastor/ "Evan Mawarire, the anti-Mugabe"]. ''www.nationalreview.com''. Retrieved 10 August 2026</ref><ref>[https://iharare.com/the-story-behind-evan-mawarirethe-man-who-started-this-flag-movement/ "The story behind Evan Mawarire, The man who started #This Flag Movement"]. ''iHarare''. Retrieved 10 August 2026</ref> Letsholo le gape le ne le bonwa ke bangwe e le lengwe la matsholo a setshaba la sepolotiki le le nang le thotloetso e tona thata mo ditsong tsa Zimbabwe.<ref name=":2">Lane, Rosemary (2023-05-03). [https://www.georgetown.edu/news/georgetown-announces-graduation-speakers-for-the-class-of-2023/ "Georgetown Announces Graduation Speakers for the Class of 2023".] ''Georgetown University''. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Martin Runganga, lepodisi la ditshekatsheko mo lephateng la tshenyo la Zimbabwe o ne a tshwantshanya Mawarire le Boko Haram a supa fa Mawarire a timetsa batho ba Zimbabwe ka tumelo go tshwana le Boko Haram.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/Africa/Zimbabwe/zimbabwes-pastor-evan-mawarire-is-like-boko-haram-witness-20171001 "Zimbabwe: Zimbabwe's Pastor Evan Mawarire is like Boko Haram, Witness".] ''news24''. Retrieved 10 August 2026</ref><ref>[https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/witness-equates-mawarire-to-boko-haram/ "Witness equates Mawarire to Boko Haram".] ''The Herald''. Retrieved 10 August 2026</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180308231717/https://mainnews.net/africa/zimbabwes-pastor-evan-mawarire-is-like-boko-haram-witness/ "Zimbabwe's Pastor Evan Mawarire Is Like Boko Hara]m". ''Main News''. Retrieved 10 August 2026</ref> Bangwe kwa Zimbabwe ba ne ba tshwantshanya letsholo le le la ga Martin Luther King JR. la ditshwanelo tsa setho.<ref>[https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/zimbabwe-who-pastor-evan-mawarire-man-behind-thisflag-subversive-protest-movement-1569674 "Who is Pastor Evan Mawarire, the man behind #ThisFlag subversive protest movement?".] ''International Business Times''. Retrieved 10 August 2026</ref> Pampiri ya puso ya kwa Zimbabwe ya The Herald, e ne e re Mawarire ke motsietsi o o tsieditseng bakereki ba kereke ya gagwe kwa United Kingdom gore a seka a duela lekgetho.<ref>[https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/mawarire-is-no-saint/ "Mawarire is no saint".] ''The herald''. Retrieved 10 August 2026</ref> === Go tshwarwa === Ka Phukwi ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso, Mawarire o ne a tshwarelwa go tlhotlheletsa tirisodikgoka kwa Zimbabwe, mme sepodisi sa Zimbabwe sene sa gapa mogala wa gagwe wa lotheka. <ref>[https://www.newsday.co.zw/2016/07/developing-police-arrest-mawarire-want-phone "Developing: Cops seize Mawarire's phone".] ''News Day''. Retrieved 10 August 2026</ref>Ka Tlhakole a rogwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa, Mawarire o ne a tshwarwa mabapi le go leka go thankgola Robert Mugabe kwa mamelong a difofane a Robert Grabriel Mugabe International Airport kwa Zimbabwe faa bowa kwa [[USA|United States]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181027061508/https://www.enca.com/africa/pastor-mawarire-arrested-on-return-to-zimbabwe-from-us "Pastor Mawarire arrested on return to Zimbabwe from US".] ''enca''. Retrieved 10 August 2026</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38826079 "Zimbabwe's #ThisFlag pastor Evan Mawarire detained on return".] ''BBC''. Retrieved 10 August 2026</ref> Ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa, Mawarire o ne a tshwarelwa go rapela le baithuti ba ba neng ba le mo mogwantong kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Zimbabwe.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/news/africa/2017-06-26-thisflag-leader-mawarire-arrested-for-praying-with-students-at-protest/ "#ThisFlag leader Mawarire arrested for 'praying with students' at protest".] ''Mail and Guardian''. Retrieved 10 August 2026</ref> Ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa, Mawarire o ne a tshwarwa ke sepodisi sa Zimbabwe a tshwarelwa go bua ka mathata a itsholelo kwa kerekeng ya gagwe. Moruti Evan Mawarire o ne a tshwarwa gape ka Firikgong a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe morago ga go botsa le go rulaganya go ema kgatlhanong le go oketsega ga ditlhwatlhwa le go tlhoka go busa ka tshwanelo. Ka fa tlase ga ga tautona o mohsas [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]], Mawarire o ne a tshwarelwa go leka go menola puso. === Polotiki ya Zimbabwe === Moragonyana fela Morgan Tsvangirai a sena go tlhokafala go ne ga begiwa gore Mawarire o ne a bona Tsvangirai e le motho wa botlhokwa mo bosweng jwa Zimbabwe morago ga boipuso ka a ne a le kgatlhanong le puso ya ga Mugabe a le kwa ntle, se se mo farologanya le ba ba tsileng pele ga gagwe. Moragonyana ga matsalo a ga Mugabe a dinwaga di le masome a robabaongwe le bone, fa a le kwa bokopanong jwa ditshwanelo tsa setho le puso ya batho ka batho kwa Geneva, Mawarire o ne a bua ka go nna sebete se molangwana ga gagwe ka go gololesega ga ditlhopho tsa Zimbabwe tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi. Ga go a tlhomamisega gore a Mwarire o batla go emela ditlhopho tsa botautona jwa lefatshe la Zimbabwe mme o ganeditse keletso epe. Ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobababedi, Mwarire o ne a itsise faa tla a emela maemo a puso ya mo gae kwa [[Harare]]. === Maemo a gagwe mo lefatsheng ka bophara === Forbes e ne ya gatisa tsebe e e buang ka fa Mwarire a duleng mo go nneng ese mang go nna molwela ditshwanelo tsa setho o o itsegeng a dirisa maranyane go lwela puso ya batho ka batho. Pampiri ya Foreign Policy e ne ya mo fa tlotla ya go nna mongwe wa batho ba ba akanyang thata ba le lekgolo ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro. Pampiri ya [[Aforika Borwa]] ya Daily Maverick e ne ya re ke motho wa Aforika wa ngwaga ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro. Evan Mawarire o tsene sekolo kwa [[Stanford University]], a le mo katisong ya molao le go tlhabolola puso ya batho ka batho. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokatisiwa wa Yale ke sekolo sa Yale university, e le lenaneo la mafatshefatshe la boeteledipele le le amanyang le bo le katisa setlhopha sa batho ba ba tswang mo mehameng e e farologaneng. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le boraro, o ne a lalediwa go nna mongwe wa dibui tse tharo tse di neng di gakolola dialogane kwa [[Georgetown School of Foreign Service]], ene le [[Daria Navalnaya]] le [[Debra Tice]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>Berg, Matt; Hawkins, Ari (2023-05-19). [https://www.politico.com/newsletters/national-security-daily/2023/05/19/georgetown-invited-navalnys-kid-to-commencement-chaos-followed-00097832 "Georgetown invited Navalny's kid to commencement. 'Chaos' followed".] ''POLITICO''. Retrieved 10 August 2026</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Mawarire le mosadi wa gagwe Samantha ba na le bana ba le bararo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == {{reflist}} 0uh6fkbkbhgebac1wbw4q7qexl3rkkz 0 13366 54023 50677 2026-08-12T04:13:05Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54023 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Congo''',<ref>[https://waterwaymap.org/river/Congo%20000060487867 Congo]</ref> e e kileng ya itsege gape e le '''Noka ya Zaire''', ke noka ya bobedi ka boleele mo [[:en:Africa|Aforika]], e latelwa fela ke '''[[:en:Nile|Noka ya Nile]]'''. Gape ke noka ya boraro e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng ka [[:en:List_of_rivers_by_discharge|bontsi jwa metsi a e a ntshang]], morago ga '''[[:en:Amazon_River|Noka ya Amazon]]''' le tsamaiso ya dinoka tsa '''[[:en:Ganges|Ganges]]–[[:en:Brahmaputra|Brahmaputra]]'''. Ke noka e e nang le boteng jo bo kwa godimo go feta tsotlhe tse di kileng tsa lekanyediwa mo lefatsheng, ka boteng jo bo lekantsweng jwa dimetara di ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi (720 feet).<ref>Oberg, Kevin (July 2008). [https://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/publications/Measurements4LowerCongo-6.pdf "Discharge and Other Hydraulic Measurements for Characterizing the Hydraulics of Lower Congo River, July 2008"] (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111015143546/http://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/publications/Measurements4LowerCongo-6.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2012.</ref> Tsamaiso ya dinoka tsa Congo–Lualaba–Luvua–Luapula–Chambeshi e na le boleele jotlhe jwa dikilomethara di ka nna dikete tse nne le makgolo a a supa (2,900 miles), se se dirang gore e nne noka ya borobongwe ka boleele mo lefatsheng. [[:en:Chambeshi_River|Noka ya Chambeshi]] ke [[:en:Tributary|lekala]] la Noka ya Lualaba, mme Lualaba ke leina le le dirisiwang go bitsa Noka ya Congo mo karolong ya yone e e kwa godimo ga [[:en:Boyoma_Falls|Diphororo tsa Boyoma]], e e anametseng boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna sekete le makgolo a robang-bobedi (1,100 miles). Fa Noka ya Congo e lekanngwa mmogo le Noka ya Lualaba, e leng lekala la yone le legolo, e na le boleele jotlhe jwa dikilometara di ka nna dikete tse nne, makgolo a mararo le masome a supa (2,720 miles). Ke yone fela noka e kgolo mo lefatsheng e e kgabaganyang '''[[:en:Equator|Equator]]''' gabedi.<ref>[[:en:Congo_River#CITEREFForbath1979|Forbath 1979]], p. [[iarchive:rivercongodiscov0000forb/page/6|6]]. "Not until it crosses the Equator will it at last turn away from this misleading course and, describing a remarkable counter-clockwise arc first to the west and then to the southwest, flow back across the Equator and on down to the Atlantic. In this the Congo is exceptional. No other major river in the world crosses the Equator even once, let alone twice."</ref> '''[[:en:Congo_Basin|Mokgatšha wa Noka ya Congo]]''' o na le bogolo jwa lefelo jo bo ka nnang dikilometara tse di khutlonne di le 4,000,000 (1,500,000 square miles), e leng 13% ya lefatshe lotlhe la kontinente ya Aforika == Leina == Leina Congo/Kongo le tswa mo '''[[:en:Kingdom_of_Kongo|Bogosing jwa Kongo]]''', jo bo neng bo le mo lotshitshing lwa borwa jwa noka eno. Bogosi joo le jone bo ne jwa bidiwa ka leina la morafe wa tlholego wa Bakongo, e leng batho ba ba buang dipuo tsa Bantu, ba ba neng ba itsege mo lekgolong la bo lesome le bosupa la dingwaga e le "Esikongo"'''.'''<ref>Anderson, David (2000). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0IwMwBVfr0sC&pg=PA79 Africa's Urban Past]''. James Currey Publishers. p. 79. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85255-761-7|978-0-85255-761-7]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171222054121/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0IwMwBVfr0sC&pg=PA79 Archived] from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2017.</ref> Kwa borwa jwa Bogosi jwa Kongo go ne go le [[:en:Kakongo|Bogosi jwa Kakongo]], jo leina la jone le tshwanang le la Kongo, mme jo bo umakilweng ka ngwaga wa wa sekete,makgolo a matlhano le masome a mararo le botlhano ( 1535). Mo mmapeng wa gagwe wa lefatshe wa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a matlhano le masome a marataro le bone (1564),<ref>[[:en:Manikongo|Manikongo]] was properly the title of the kings of Kongo; their capital was at the site of modern [[:en:M'banza-Kongo|M'banza-Kongo]], capital of Angola's northwestern [[:en:Zaire_Province|Zaire Province]]. Ortelius had no knowledge of the [[:en:Orography|orography]] of Africa and drew fictitious courses for its rivers; his Congo upstream of its [[:en:Estuary|estuary]] turns sharply south, flowing through what would correspond to [[:en:Angola|Angola]] and [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]].</ref> [[:en:Abraham_Ortelius|Abraham Ortelius]] o ne a supa "Manicongo" e le motse o o kwa molomong wa noka eno. Maina a merafe a a amanang le Kongo a ka tswa a simologile mo lefokong le le rayang kopano ya setšhaba kgotsa phuthego ya morafe. Leina la segompieno la batho ba Kongo, kgotsa Bakongo, le simolotse go dirisiwa mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo masome mabedi la dingwaga.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed</ref> Leina ''Zaire'' le tswa mo mokgweng puo ya Sepotokisi wa lefoko la [[:en:Kongo_language|Kikongo]], ''nzere'', le le rayang "noka". Lefoko leo ke khutshwafatso ya polelwana ''nzadi o nzere'', e e rayang "noka e e metsang dinoka tse dingwe".<ref>[[:en:Congo_River#CITEREFForbath1979|Forbath 1979]], p. 19.</ref> Noka eno e ne e itsege e le ''Zaire'' mo lekgolong la bo lesome le boratarole la bo lesome le bosupa la dingwaga. Le fa go ntse jalo, leina ''Congo'' le ne la simolola go emisetsa ''Zaire'' ka iketlo mo tirisong ya puo ya Seesemane mo lekgolong la bo lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga. Mo dikwalong tsa lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga, ''Congo'' e ne e setse e le leina le le neng le dirisiwa thata mo sekgoweng , le mororo go umakiwa ga ''Zahir'' kgotsa ''Zaire'' e le leina le le neng le dirisiwa ke baagi ba lefelo leo go ne go sa ntse go tlwaelegile.<ref>James Barbot (1746). ''An Abstract of a Voyage to Congo River, Or the Zair and to Cabinde in the Year 1700''. • James Hingston Tuckey (1818). ''[[iarchive:narrativeofexped00tuck|Narrative of an Expedition to Explore the River Zaire, Usually Called the Congo, in South Africa, in 1816]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180521164926/https://archive.org/details/narrativeofexped00tuck Archived] from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2019. • John Purdy (1822). ''Memoir, Descriptive and Explanatory, to Accompany the New Chart of the Ethiopic Or Southern Atlantic Ocean''. p. 112. <q>Congo River, called ''Zahir'' or ''Zaire'' by the natives</q></ref> [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] le [[:en:Republic_of_the_Congo|Republic of the Congo]] tsotlhe di reeletswe ka leina la noka eno. Le fa go ntse jalo, leina leo le ne gape la dirisiwa ke puso ya pele ya [[:en:Republic_of_the_Congo_(Léopoldville)|Rephaboliki ya Congo]], e e neng ya bona boipuso ka ngwaga wa '''1960''' go tswa mo [[:en:Belgian_Congo|Belgian Congo]]. Gape, Republic of Zaire (1971–1997) e ne ya reeletswa ka leina la noka eno jaaka le ne le dirisiwa mo dipuong tsa [[:en:French_language|Sefora]] le [[:en:Portuguese_language|Sepotokisi]]. == Molapo wa Noka le Tsamaiso ya Yone == Mokgatšha wa metsi wa Noka ya Congo o akaretsa lefelo le le ka nnang dikilometara tse di khutlonne di le 4,014,500 (1,550,000 square miles),<ref name=":0">J.P. vanden Bossche; G. M. Bernacsek (1990). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA338 Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1]''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. pp. 338–339. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-5-102983-1|978-92-5-102983-1]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160425222339/https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA338 Archived] from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2015.</ref> e leng bogolo jo bo batlang bo lekana le jwa [[:en:European_Union|European Union]]. Palo ya metsi a Noka ya Congo e a ntshang kwa molomong wa yone e farologana go tloga mo go 23,000 go ya go 75,000 dimetara tse dikhubiki ka motsotswana (m³/s), mme palogare ya yona e ka nna 41,000 dimetara tse dikhubiki ka motsotswana (m³/s).<ref name=":0" /> Noka eno e tsamaisa ditone di le dimilione di le 86 tsa [[:en:Suspended_sediment|sediment e e tlhatlogileng]] ngwaga le ngwaga go ya kwa [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Lewatleng la Atlantic]] le 6% e e oketsegileng ya metsi a a mo nokeng eno.<ref>Hanibal Lemma, and colleagues (2019). "Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7)". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''577''' 123968. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968|10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:199099061 199099061].</ref> Noka eno le [[:en:Tributary|melatswana]] ya yone e elela go ralala [[:en:Congolian_rainforests|sekgwa sa pula sa Congo]], e leng sekgwa sa pula sa bobedi se segolo go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng, fa se bapisiwa le sa [[:en:Amazon_rainforest|Amazon]] sa kwa Amerika Borwa. Ke noka ya boraro mo lefatsheng ka bontsi jwa metsi a e a ntshang kwa molomong wa yone, ka palogare ya 41,860 dimetara tse dikhubiki ka motsotswana (m³/s), morago ga [[:en:Amazon_River|Noka ya Amazon]] (219,530 m³/s) le tsamaiso ya dinoka tsa [[:en:Ganges|Ganges]]–[[:en:Brahmaputra_River|Brahmaputra]]–[[:en:Meghna_River|Meghna]] (43,950 m³/s kwa delta ya yone), <ref>Igor Alekseevich, Shiklomanov (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ Hydrological Cycle Volume III]''. EOLSS Publications. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-84826-026-9|978-1-84826-026-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Gape e na le mokgatšha wa metsi wa bobedi ka bogolo mo lefatsheng, morago ga wa Noka ya Amazon, mme ke nngwe ya dinoka tse di boteng go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng, ka mafelo mangwe a yone a fitlhelang boteng jo bo fetang makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi a dimetara (720 feet).<ref>Oberg, Kevin (July 2008). [https://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/publications/Measurements4LowerCongo-6.pdf "Discharge and Other Hydraulic Measurements for Characterizing the Hydraulics of Lower Congo River, July 2008"] (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111015143546/http://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/publications/Measurements4LowerCongo-6.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2012.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101206040928/http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/explorer/3826/Overview "Monster Fish of the Congo"]. ''National Geographic Channel''. 2009. Archived from [http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/explorer/3826/Overview the original] on 6 December 2010.</ref> Ka ntlha ya gore mokgatšha wa metsi wa Noka ya Congo o akaretsa mafelo a a kwa bokone le kwa borwa jwa [[:en:Equator|Equator]], phororo ya metsi a yone e nna e tsitsitse. Se se bakiwa ke gore ka nako tsotlhe go nna le karolo nngwe ya mokgatšha wa yone e e leng mo pakeng ya dipula, ka jalo noka e tswelela go amogela metsi ngwaga otlhe.<ref>[http://rainforests.mongabay.com/congo/congo_river.html The Congo River] [https://web.archive.org/web/20171020093113/https://rainforests.mongabay.com/congo/congo_river.html Archived] 20 October 2017 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Rainforests.mongabay.com. Retrieved on 29 November 2011.</ref> Metswedi ya Noka ya Congo e kwa dithabeng le dikgaolong tse di kwa godimo tsa [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], mmogo le mo [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Letsheng la Tanganyika]] le [[:en:Lake_Mweru|Letsheng la Mweru]], tse di tshelang metsi mo [[:en:Lualaba_River|Nokeng ya Lualaba]]. Noka ya Lualaba yone e nna karolo ya Noka ya Congo fa e feta [[:en:Boyoma_Falls|Diphororo tsa Boyoma]]. [[:en:Chambeshi_River|Noka ya Chambeshi]] kwa Zambia ka kakaretso e tsewa e le motswedi wa Noka ya Congo, go ya ka mokgwa o o amogetsweng mo lefatsheng lotlhe wa go dirisa lekala le le leleele go gaisa tsotlhe jaaka motswedi wa noka, fela jaaka go dirwa ka Noka ya Nile. Noka ya Congo gantsi e elela go ya kwa bokone-bophirima go tswa kwa [[:en:Kisangani|Kisangani]] kwa tlase fela ga Boyoma Falls, go tswa foo e bo e sokologela kwa borwa-bophirima ka bonya ka bonya, e feta kwa [[:en:Mbandaka|Mbandaka]], e kopana le [[:en:Ubangi_River|Noka ya Ubangi]] mme e elela go ya kwa [[:en:Pool_Malebo|Letsha la Malebo]] (Stanley Pool). [[:en:Kinshasa|Kinshasa]] (e e kileng ya bo e le Léopoldville) le [[:en:Brazzaville|Brazzaville]] di mo matlhakoreng a a farologaneng a noka kwa Pool Malebo, koo noka e tshesane e bo e wela ka dintshi tsa metsi mo mekgokoloseng e e boteng (e e bidiwang [[:en:Livingstone_Falls|Livingstone Falls]]), e e fetang ka [[:en:Matadi|Matadi]] le [[:en:Boma,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Boma]], e bo e wela mo lewatleng kwa [[:en:Moanda,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Muanda]]. '''Lower Congo''' ke karolo e e kwa "kwa tlase" ya noka e kgolo; ke karolo ya noka e e simololang kwa [[:en:River_mouth|molomong wa noka]] kwa [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|lotshitshing lwa Atlantic]] go fitlha kwa metsemegolong ya Brazzaville le Kinshasa. Mo karolong eno ya noka, go na le melatswana e mebedi e megolo, e e ka fa molemeng kgotsa kafa borwa. ''Noka ya Kwilu'' e tswa mo dithabeng tse di gaufi le [[:en:Angola–Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_border|molelwane]] [[:en:Angola|wa Angola]] mme e tsena mo Congo dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo go tswa kwa [[:en:Matadi|Matadi]]. E nngwe ke [[:en:Inkisi_River|Noka ya Inkisi]], e e elelang go ya ntlheng ya bokone go tswa kwa [[:en:Uíge_Province|Porofenseng ya Uíge]] kwa Angola go ya [[:en:Confluence|kwa e kopanelang teng]] le Noka ya Congo kwa ''Zongo'' e e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a robang-bobedi go tswa kwa metsemegolong e mebedi e e bapileng. Ka ntlha ya bontsi jwa metsi a a elelang ka lobelo (rapids), segolobogolo [[:en:Livingstone_Falls|Diphororo tsa Livingstone]], karolo eno ya noka ga e dirisiwe ka botlalo kgotsa ka metlha ke dikepe tsa dinoka. == Botlhokwa mo Itsholelong == Le fa Diphororo tsa Livingstone di thibela go fitlhelela noka eno go tswa kwa lewatleng, bontsi jwa Noka ya Congo jo bo kwa godimo ga diphororo tseo bo tsamaisega bonolo ka dikepe mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng, segolobogolo magareng ga Kinshasa le Kisangani. Dikepe tse dikgolo di ne di tsamaya mo nokeng eno go fitlha bosheng jaana. Noka ya Congo e sa ntse e le selo se se botlhokwa thata mo nageng eno e e se nang ditsela tse dintsi kana diporo.<ref>See, for instance, [[:en:Thierry_Michel|Thierry Michel]]'s film [http://www.congo-river.com/ Congo River] [https://web.archive.org/web/20091129055817/http://www.congo-river.com/ Archived 29] November 2009 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> Gone jaanong go na le seporo se se fetang fa thoko ga diphororo tse tharo tse dikgolo, mme bontsi jwa kgwebo ya Afrika Bogare e feta fa thoko ga noka eno, go akaretsa [[:en:Copper|kopore]], [[:en:Palm_oil|ole ya mokolwane]] (e e dirilweng ka dipeo), [[:en:Sugar|sukiri]], [[:en:Coffee|kofi]] le cotton.<ref>[https://afca.coffee/portfolio-item/dr-congo/ DR Congo—AFRICAN FINE COFFEES ASSOCIATION (AFCA)". ''AFRICAN FINE COFFEES ASSOCIATION (AFCA)'']. 7 October 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210424160919/https://afca.coffee/portfolio-item/dr-congo/ Archived] from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.</ref> === Motlakase yo o Hethiwang ka Metsi === Noka ya Congo ke yone e e maatla go gaisa tsotlhe mo Afrika. Mo pakeng ya dipula, metsi a a fetang 50,000 dimetara tse dikhubiki ka motsotswana a elela go tswa mo nokeng eno go ya kwa Lewatleng la Atlantic. Ka jalo, Noka ya Congo le melatswana ya yone e na le ditshono tse dintsi tsa go dira motlakase ka metsi. Baitsaanape ba fopholeditse gore Mokgatšha wa Noka ya Congo o na le 13% ya bokgoni jotlhe jwa lefatshe jwa go hetlha motlakase wa metsi. Seno se ne se tla dira gore go nne le motlakase o o lekaneng go fitlhelela ditlhokego tsotlhe tsa motlakase tsa dinaga tsa Afrika tse di kwa [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|borwa jwa Sahara]].<ref name=":1">[http://weetlogs.scilogs.be/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=331&blogId=27 Alain Nubourgh, Belgian Technical Cooperation (BTC)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110902053441/http://weetlogs.scilogs.be/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=331&blogId=27 Archived] 2 September 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Weetlogs.scilogs.be (27 April 2010). Retrieved on 2011-11-29.</ref> Gone jaanong go na le diteishene tsa motlakase wa metsi di ka nna masome a mane mo Molapo wa Noka ya Congo. E kgolo go di feta tsotlhe ke [[:en:Inga_dams|matamo a Inga]]''',''', tse di leng bokgakala jwa dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a mabedi kwa borwa-bophirima jwa Kinshasa. Porojeke eno e ne ya simololwa mo masimologong a ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970), fa go ne go wediwa go agiwa letamo la ntlha. <ref>Showers, Kate B. (1 September 2011). "Electrifying Africa: An Environmental History with Policy Implications". ''Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography''. '''93''' (3): 193–221. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1468-0467.2011.00373.x|10.1111/j.1468-0467.2011.00373]].x. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1468-0467 1468-0467]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145515488 145515488].</ref> Leano leno, jaaka le ne le rulagantswe kwa tshimologong, le ne le akantse go agiwa ga matamo a le matlhano a a neng a tla nna le bokgoni jwa go hetlha motlakase wa 34,500 megawatt (MW) ka kakaretso. Go fitlha jaanong, go agilwe fela matamo a Inga I le Inga II, a a hetlhang 1,776 megawatt (MW) ya motlakase.<ref name=":1" /> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano ( 2005), Eskom, e leng khamphani ya motlakase ya puso ya '''[[:en:South_Africa|Aforika Borwa]]''', e ne ya itsise tshitshinyo ya go oketsa tlhagiso ya motlakase ka go tokafatsa didirisiwa tse di leng teng le go aga [[:en:Grand_Inga_Dam|letamo le lesha la motlakase wa metsi]]. Porojeke eno e ne e tla oketsa bokgoni jo bo kwa godimo jwa setheo seno go fitlha go 40,000 megawatt (MW) ya motlakase.<ref>Vasagar, Jeevan (25 February 2005). [[Vasagar, Jeevan (25 February 2005). "Could a $50bn plan to tame this mighty river bring electricity to all of Africa?". World news. London: The Guardian. Retrieved 30 April 2010.|"Could a $50bn plan to tame this mighty river bring electricity to all of Africa?"]]. ''World news''. London: The Guardian. Retrieved 30 April 2010.</ref> Go na le matshwenyego a gore matamo ano a masha a motlakase wa metsi a ka baka go nyelela ga mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi tse e leng tsa tlholego mo Nokeng ya Congo<ref name=":2">Norlander, Britt (20 April 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120119001507/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1590/is_13_65/ai_n31583235/ "Rough waters: one of the world's most turbulent rivers is home to a wide array of fish species. Now, large dams are threatening their future"]. Science World.</ref> == Ditso tsa Tlholego == Tsela e Noka ya Congo e e latelang gompieno e bopilwe magareng ga dingwaga di ka nna 1.5 go ya go 2 milione tse di fetileng, mo pakeng ya [[:en:Pleistocene|Pleistocene.]]<ref>Leonard C. Beadle (1981). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=iAIUAQAAIAAJ The inland waters of tropical Africa: an introduction to tropical limnology]''. Longman. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-46341-7|978-0-582-46341-7]]</bdi>. Retrieved 2 April 2011.</ref><ref>Thieme et al., ''Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment Ecoregions Assessments'', Island Press, 2005, [https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&pg=PA297 p. 297] [https://web.archive.org/web/20231110080156/https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&pg=PA297 Archived] 10 November 2023 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. "It is hypothesized that in the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene, a coastal Lower Guinean river captured Malebo Pool, connecting the previously interior Congo Basin to the ocean."</ref> Go katswa go diregile gore mo pakeng eno, melatswana e mentsi ya kwa godimo ya Noka ya Congo e ne ya tsewa (river capture) go tswa mo dikgatšheng tsa dinoka tse di bapileng le yone, go akaretsa Noka ya Uele le karolo e e kwa godimo ya Ubangi, tse di tswang mo [[:en:Chari_River|tsamaisong ya Noka ya Chari]]<ref>Cooper, John E. and Hull, Gordon; ''Gorilla Pathology and Health: With a Catalogue of Preserved Materials'', p. 371 ISBN 9780128020395</ref> mmogo le Noka ya Chambeshi<ref>Skelton, P.H. 1994. 'Diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes in East and Southern Africa', in ''Biological diversity in African fresh and brackish water fishes'', Symposium Paradi (G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan, and J.J. Albaret, editors), pp. 95–131. ''Annals of the Royal Central African Museum'' (Zoology) No. 275.</ref> le melatswana e mengwe ya kwa godimo ya Noka ya Kasai, e e tswang mo tsamaisong ya Noka ya Zambezi.<ref>Gupta, Avijit (editor); ''Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management'', p. 327 ISBN 9780470849873</ref> Go bopiwa ga Noka ya Congo go ka tswa go bakile go kgaogana ga mefuta ka mafelo (allopatric speciation) ga bonobo le chimpanzee e e tlwaelegileng, go tswa mo mogologolong wa bone yo o tshwanang.<ref>Caswell JL, Mallick S, Richter DJ, et al. (2008). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2278377 "Analysis of chimpanzee history based on genome sequence alignments"]. ''PLOS Genet''. '''4''' (4) e1000057. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000057|10.1371/journal.pgen.1000057]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2278377 2278377]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18421364 18421364].</ref> Bonobo e bonwa fela mo dikgweng tse di metsi (humid forests) tsa kgaolo eno, fela jaaka mefuta e mengwe e e itsegeng thata e e akaretsang [[:en:Allen's_swamp_monkey|kgabo ya mokgatšha ya Allen (Allen’s swamp monkey)]], [[:en:Dryas_monkey|kgabo ya dryas (dryas monkey)]], [[:en:Aquatic_genet|aquatic genet]], [[:en:Okapi|okapi]], [[:en:Congo_peafowl|Congo peafowl]].<ref>[[:en:Jonathan_Kingdon|Kingdon, Jonathan]] (1997). ''[[iarchive:kingdonfieldguid00jona|The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals]]''. London: Academic Press Limited. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-1240-8355-4|978-0-1240-8355-4]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>[[:en:BirdLife_International|BirdLife International]] (2022). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679430/208189646 "''Afropavo congensis''"]. ''[[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2022''' e.T22679430A208189646. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22679430A208189646.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22679430A208189646.en]]. Retrieved 16 December 2023.</ref> Fa go tliwa mo botshelong jwa mo metsing, Letamo la Noka ya Kongo le na le mefuta e mentsi thata ya diphologolo gape ke nngwe ya mafelo a a nang le palo e e kwa godimo thata ya ditshedi tse di fitlhelwang koo fela.<ref>Dickman, Kyle (3 November 2009). [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Evolution-in-the-Deepest-River-in-the-World.html "Evolution in the Deepest River in the World"]. ''Science & Nature''. Smithsonian Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111109072934/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Evolution-in-the-Deepest-River-in-the-World.html Archived] from the original on 9 November 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2009.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe(2009), mefuta e ka nna makgolo a robabobedi ya ditlhapi e ne e begilwe mo Letamong la Noka ya Kongo (re sa bale [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Letsha la Tanganyika]], le le amanang le yone mme le sa tshwane gotlhelele ka tikologo),<ref name=":3">Frans Witte; Martien J. P. van Oijen; Ferdinand A. Sibbing (2009). "Fish Fauna of the Nile". In Henri J. Dumont (ed.). ''The Nile''. Springer. pp. 647–675. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-9725-6|978-1-4020-9725-6]]</bdi>.</ref> mme dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa lone di sa ntse di ise di ithutiwe gotlhelele.<ref>Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). [http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=535 "Sudanic Congo—Oubangi"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204356/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=535 Archived] 5 October 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Accessed 2 May 2011.</ref> Ka sekai, karolo nngwe ya Phaka ya Setšhaba ya Salonga, e e ka nnang bogolo jwa Belgium, e ne e ise e ke e tlhatlhobiwe gotlhelele ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro ( 2006).<ref>Schliewen, U.K.; Stiassny, M.L.J. (2006). "A new species of Nanochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Mai Ndombe, central Congo Basin, Democratic Republic of Congo". ''Zootaxa''. '''1169''': 33–46. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1169.1.2|10.11646/zootaxa.1169.1.2]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86533120 86533120].</ref> Mefuta e mesha ya ditlhapi e nna e tlhalosiwa ka metlha go tswa kwa Congo River Basin, mme go itsiwe mefuta e le mentsi e e sa tlhalosiwang.<ref>Schwarzer, J.; Misof, B.; Schliewen, U.K. (2011). [[doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02409.x|"Speciation within genomic networks: a case study based on Steatocranus cichlids of the lower Congo rapids"]]. ''Journal of Evolutionary Biology''. '''25''' (1): 138–148. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02409.x|10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02409.x]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22070232 22070232].</ref> Congo e na le mefutafuta e e kwa godimo thata ya thulaganyo epe ya dinoka tsa Afrika; fa go bapisiwa, tse di latelang tse di humileng ke Niger, Volta le Nile tse di nang le mefuta e ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane , lekgolo le masome a mane le lekgolo le masome a mararo ya ditlhapi, ka go latelana.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Winemiller, K.O.; A.A. Agostinho; É.P. Caramaschi (2008). "Fish Ecology in Tropical Streams". In Dudgeon, D. (ed.). ''Tropical Stream Ecology''. Academic Press. pp. 107–146. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-088449-0|978-0-12-088449-0]]</bdi>.</ref> Ka ntlha ya dipharologano tse dikgolo tsa tikologo fa gare ga dikgaolo tse di mo lefelong la Congo—go akaretsa le mafelo a a jaaka dinoka tse di elelang ka bonako, dinoka tse di boteng, metlhaba le makadiba—gantsi e kgaoganngwa ka dikgaolo tse dintsi tsa tikologo (mo boemong jwa go e tsaya e le tikologo e le nngwe). Gareng ga dikgaolo tseno tsa tikologo, di-cataract tsa Livingstone Falls di na le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mararo ya ditlhapi,<ref>Weisberger, Mindy (12 January 2020). [https://www.livescience.com/congo-river-fish-with-bends.html "Dying Fish Revealed Congo Is World's Deepest River"]. ''livescience.com''. LiveScience. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200114030815/https://www.livescience.com/congo-river-fish-with-bends.html Archived] from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.</ref> go akaretsa le ditlhapi tse di ka nnang masome a robabobedi tse di tlwaelegileng<ref name=":2" /> fa karolo e e kwa borwabophirima (Kasai River basin) e na le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mabedi ya ditlhapi, e mo e ka nnang kotara ya tsone e leng ya ditlhapi tse di tlwaelegileng.<ref>Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). [http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=546 "Lower Congo Rapids"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204417/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=546 Archived] 5 October 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Accessed 2 May 2011.</ref> Malapa a ditlhapi tse dintsi— mo dikarolong dingwe tsa noka—ke [[:en:Cyprinidae|Cyprinidae]] (carp/cyprinids, jaaka [[:en:Labeo_simpsoni|Labeo simpsoni]]), [[:en:Mormyridae|Mormyridae]] (elephant fishes), [[:en:Alestidae|Alestidae]] (African tetras), [[:en:Mochokidae|Mochokidae]] (squeaker catfishes) le [[:en:Cichlidae|Cichlidae]] (cichlids).<ref name=":4">Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). [http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=545 "Upper Lualaba"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204143/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=545 Archived] 5 October 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Accessed 2 May 2011.</ref> Gareng ga ditlhapi tse di nnang mo nokeng eno go na le tlhapi e kgolo ya tigerfish e e jang nama thata. Tse tharo tsa mefuta e e sa tlwaelegang ya ditshedi tse di fitlhelwang fela mo lefelong leo (endemics) ke ''[[:en:Lamprologus_lethops|Lamprologus lethops]]'', e e tshweu (e se nang mmala) e bile e foufetse, e go dumelwang gore e tshela kwa boteng jo bo ka fitlhang go dimetara di le lekgolo le masome a marataro (520 ft) ka fa tlase ga metsi,<ref name=":2" /> ''[[:en:Heterochromis|Heterochromis multidens]]'', e e amanang gaufi thata le ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Amerika go feta tsa Afrika tse dingwe,<ref>Kullander, S.O. (1998). ''A phylogeny and classification of the South American Cichlidae (Teleostei: Perciformes).'' pp. 461–498 in Malabarba, L., et al. (eds.), Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes, Porto Alegre.</ref> le ''Caecobarbus geertsii'', e leng yone fela cavefish e e itsiweng mo Aforika Bogare.<ref>Proudlove, G. (2006). ''Subterranean fishes of the world''. International Society for Subterranean Biology. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-9527084-0-1|978-2-9527084-0-1]]</bdi>.</ref> Go na le dikgopa le digogwane ka go farologana tse di tlwaelegileng.<ref name=":4" /><ref>Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). [http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=549 "Lower Congo Rapids"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204434/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=549 Archived] 5 October 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Accessed 2 May 2011.</ref>Go rulagantswe matamo a le mmalwa a motlakase wa metsi mo nokeng eno, mme a ka nna a dira gore bontsi jwa ditshedi tse di anameng mo lefelong leno di nyelele.<ref name=":2" /> Mefuta e le mmalwa ya dikhudu le kwena e e nang le nko e tshesane, ya Nile le ya dwarf di tlholega kwa Congo River Basin. Di-manatee tsa Aforika di nna mo dikarolong tse di kwa tlase tsa noka.<ref>Keith Diagne, L. (2016) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22104/97168578 "''Trichechus senegalensis''"]. ''[[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2015''' e.T22104A97168578. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22104A81904980.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22104A81904980.en]]. Retrieved 16 December 2023.</ref> === Merwalela === Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) le Rephaboliki ya Congo (RoC) go tswa bogologolong di ile tsa itemogela merwalela e e ipoeletsang go bapa le Noka ya Congo le dinoka tsa yone tse dikgolo ka paka ya dipula, e e bakang kgogolego le go relela ga lefatshe, mme e ama mafelo a batho ba nnang mo go one, temothuo le boitekanelo jwa setšhaba ka tsela e e sa siamang.<ref>[https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/ "World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal"]. ''climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org''. Retrieved 27 October 2021.</ref> <ref name=":5">The World Bank Group (2021). [https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/15883-WB_Congo%2C%20Democratic%20Republic%20Country%20Profile-WEB.pdf "Climate Risk Country Profile - Congo, Democratic Republic"] (PDF). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210703150625/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/15883-WB_Congo%2C%20Democratic%20Republic%20Country%20Profile-WEB.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 3 July 2021.</ref>Noka ya Congo e solofetswe go amiwa thata ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa jaaka fa dithemphoritšhara di tlhatloga le pula e oketsega ka maatla le ka nako ya paka.<ref name=":5" /><ref>UN Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. [https://www.cms.int/sites/default/files/publication/fact_sheet_congo_basin_climate_change.pdf "Fact Sheet: The Congo Basin and Climate Change"] (PDF). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210421181136/https://www.cms.int/sites/default/files/publication/fact_sheet_congo_basin_climate_change.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2021.</ref> Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe ( 2019) go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le masome a mabedi ( 2020), dipula tse di maatla di amile diporofense di le lesome le borataro mo ​​go tse masome a mabedi le borataro tsa DRC le maphata a le robedi mo go a le lesome le bobedi a RoC, mme seno sa baka [[:en:2019–2020_Congo_River_floods|merwalela ya Noka ya Congo ya 2019–2020]]. Dipula di ne tsa baka go penologa ga Noka ya Congo le dinoka tsa Ubangi, merwalela le go relela ga lefatshe go ralala DRC le RoC tsa dira gore batho ba le dikete di le makgolokgolo ba fuduge.<ref>[https://reliefweb.int/report/congo/republic-congo-floods-flash-update-n-1-10-december-2019 "Republic of Congo : Floods Flash Update n°1, 10 December 2019 - Congo"]. ''ReliefWeb''. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2021.</ref> == Ditso == === Ditso tsa pele ga bokolone === Lefelo lotlhe la Congo le na le batho ba Bantu, ba ba kgaogantsweng ka merafe e le makgolo a le mmalwa. [[:en:Bantu_expansion|Katoloso ya Bantu]] e fopholediwa go fitlha kwa Congo e e fa gare ka dingwaga di ka nna 500 BC le Congo e e kwa godimo ka ngwagakgolo wa ntlha AD. Masalela a baagi ba naga ba ba fudusitsweng ke khudugo ya Bantu, Pygmies/Abatwa ba phylum ya Ubangian, ba sa ntse ba le kwa mafelong a a kgakala le ditamelo a dikgwa tsa Congo Basin. Ka lekgolo la bo lesome le boraro la dingwaga go ne go na le dikopano tse tharo tse dikgolo tsa dinaga kwa bophirima jwa Congo Basin. Kwa botlhaba go ne go na le [[:en:Seven_Kingdoms_of_Kongo_dia_Nlaza|Mebuso e Supa ya Kongo dia Nlaza]], e e neng e tsewa e le ya bogologolo le e e maatla go gaisa, e go ka diregang gore e ne e akaretsa [[:en:Nsundi|Nsundi]], [[:en:Mbata_Kingdom|Mbata]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mpangu&action=edit&redlink=1 Mpangu], mme gongwe le [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kundi_kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1 Kundi] le [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Okanga&action=edit&redlink=1 Okanga]. Borwa jwa tseno e ne e le [[:en:Mpemba|Mpemba]] e e neng e tswa kwa [[:en:Angola|Angola]] ya segompieno go ya kwa Nokeng ya Congo. E ne e akaretsa magosi a a farologaneng jaaka [[:en:Mpemba_Kasi|Mpemba Kasi]] le [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vunda&action=edit&redlink=1 Vunda]. Kwa bophirima jwa yone go kgabaganya Noka ya Congo go ne go na le kopano ya dinaga tse tharo tse dinnye; [[:en:Vungu|Vungu]] (moeteledipele wa yone), [[:en:Kakongo|Kakongo]], le [[:en:Ngoyo|Ngoyo]].<ref>Thornton, John K., ed. (2020), [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/history-of-west-central-africa-to-1850/development-of-states-in-west-central-africa-to-1540/CE71122CF8DFD7B4B188BA34F8F65BFC "The Development of States in West Central Africa to 1540"], ''A History of West Central Africa to 1850'', New Approaches to African History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 16–55, [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-107-56593-7|978-1-107-56593-7]]</bdi>, retrieved 21 September 2024</ref> [[:en:Kingdom_of_Kongo|Bogosi jwa Kongo]] bo ne jwa tlhamiwa kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la bo lesome le bone la dingwaga go tswa mo go kopanyeng magosi a [[:en:Mpemba_Kasi|Mpemba Kasi]] le [[:en:Mbata_Kingdom|Bogosi jwa Mbata]] kwa lotshitshing lwa molema lwa Noka ya Congo e e kwa tlase. Taolo ya yone ya naga mo mabopong a Noka ya Congo e ne e lekanyeditswe mo lefelong le le batlang le lekana le porofense ya [[:en:Kongo_Central|Kongo Central]] ya gompieno. Go tlhotlhomisiwa ga Noka ya Congo ke Maeuropa go simolotse ka 1482, fa motlhotlhomisi wa Mopotokisi, [[:en:Diogo_Cão|Diogo Cão]], a ne a fitlhela molomo wa noka<ref name=":6">[[:en:Congo_River#CITEREFCana1911|Cana 1911]], p. 917.</ref>(go dumelwa gore seno se diragetse ka Phatwe 1482''')''' mme o ne a tshwaya go fitlha ga gagwe ka go tlhoma Padrão<ref>A '''''padrão''''' is a stone pillar left by Portuguese maritime explorers in the 15th and 16th centuries to record significant landfalls and thereby establish primacy and possession. They were often placed on promontories and capes or at the mouths of major rivers. Early markers were simple wooden pillars or crosses </ref>, e leng pilara ya leje, kwa Shark Point (pilara eno e sa ntse e le teng le gompieno, le fa gone go setse fela dikarolwana tsa yone). Cão o ne a tlhatloga noka ka sekepe sekgalanyana, a simolola go ikgolaganya le Bogosi jwa Kongo. Tsela e e feletseng ya noka e ne ya nna e sa itsiwe mo pakeng yotlhe ya bogologolo jwa segompieno. <ref>The [[:en:Dieppe_maps|Dieppe maps]] of the mid-16th century show the Congo only as a minor river while having the [[:en:Nile|Nile]] run throughout the continent, rising in Southern Africa. The same interpretation is in essence still found in Jan Blaeu's ''[[:en:File:Congo_map_1690.jpg|Atlas Maior]]'' of 1660. Jacques Bellin's [[:en:File:Congo_map_1754.jpg|map of the Congo]] in ''Histoire Generale Des Voyages'' by [[:en:Antoine_François_Prévost|Antoine François Prévost]] (1754) shows awareness of the river reaching further inland, to the provinces of ''Sundi'' and ''Pango'', but has no detailed knowledge of its course.</ref> Lefelo le le kwa godimo la Congo le tsamaya kwa bophirima jwa [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Rift ya Albertine]].<ref name=":6" /> Kgolagano ya yone le Congo e ne e sa itsiwe go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bosupa (1877). Bokonebotlhaba jo bo feteletseng jwa lefelo la Congo le ne la fitlhelelwa ke [[:en:Nilotic_peoples|katoloso ya Nilotic]] ka nako nngwe fa gare ga lekgolo la bo lesome le botlhano le la bo lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga, ke bagologolwane ba [[:en:Alur_people|batho ba Alur]] ba ba buang [[:en:Southern_Luo_language|Se-Luo sa Borwa]]. [[:en:Francisco_de_Lacerda|Francisco de Lacerda]] o ne a latela Zambezi mme a fitlha kwa karolong e e kwa godimodimo ya beisine ya Congo ([[:en:Kazembe|Kazembe]] mo beisineng e e kwa godimo ya Luapula) ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a supa le masome a robabongwe le borataro ( 1796). Noka ya Congo e e kwa godimo e ne ya fitlhelelwa la ntlha ke [[:en:Indian_Ocean_slave_trade|kgwebo ya makgoba ya Maarabia]] ka lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. [[:en:Nyangwe|Nyangwe]] e ne ya tlhongwa e le lefelo la makgoba ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro (1860). [[:en:David_Livingstone|David Livingstone]] e ne e le Moyuropa wa ntlha go fitlha kwa Nyangwe ka kgwedi ya Mopitlongwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bongwe (1871).<ref name=":6" /> David Livingstone o ne a ikaelela go supa gore Noka ya Lualaba e ne e gokagane le Noka ya Nile. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ele lesome le botlhano, o ne a bona ka matlho a gagwe polao ya batho ba Aforika ba ka nna makgolo a mane, ba ba neng ba bolawa ke bagwebi ba makgoba ba Maarabia kwa Nyangwe. Tiragalo eno e ne ya mo tshosa thata le go mo utlwisa botlhoko mo maikutlong, mo e leng gore o ne a palelwa ke go tswelela ka maikaelelo a gagwe a go batla metswedi ya Noka ya Nile. Ka ntlha eo, o ne a boela kwa Letsheng la Tanganyika.<ref>Livingstone, David (2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140905100511/http://livingstone.library.ucla.edu/1871diary/ ''Livingstone's 1871 Field Diary. A Multispectral Critical Edition''.] UCLA Digital Library: Los Angeles, CA. Archived from [http://livingstone.library.ucla.edu/1871diary/ the original] on 5 September 2014.</ref> <ref>Jeal, Tim (1973). ''Livingstone''. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 331–335.</ref> == Bokolone jwa pele jwa Maeuropa == Bayuropa ba ne ba ise ba fitlhelele dikgaolo tse di fa gare tsa lefelo la Congo go tswa kwa botlhaba kgotsa kwa bophirima, go fitlha ka leeto la ga [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] la 1876–77, le le neng le rotoediwa ke [[:en:Committee_for_Studies_of_the_Upper_Congo|Komiti ya Dithuto tsa Congo e e Kwa Godimo]]. Ka nako eo nngwe ya dipotso tsa bofelo tse di bulegileng tsa go batlisisa ga Yuropa mo Aforika e ne e le gore a Noka ya Lualaba e ne e fepa Nile (mogopolo wa ga Livingstone), Congo, kgotsa gongwe le [[:en:Niger_River|Noka ya Niger]].<ref>[[:en:Congo_River#CITEREFJeal2007|Jeal 2007]], pp. 188–219</ref>Ka go tsamaya ka tsela ya mo lefatsheng, o ne a fitlha kwa Nyangwe, e leng bogare jwa lefelo le le senang molao le le nang le merafe e e jang batho e [[:en:Tippu_Tip|Tippu Tip]] a neng a theile kgwebo ya gagwe ya makgoba mo go yone. Stanley o ne a kgona go thapa masole a a tswang kwa Tippu Tip gore a mo dise dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano tse di latelang kgotsa go feta, malatsi a le masome a robabongwe. Lekoko le ne la tswa mo Nyangwe ka ka tsela ya mo lefatsheng le ralala sekgwa se se kitlaneng sa Matimba. Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele a le lesome le borobaongwe ba goroga gape kwa Lualaba. Ka go feta mo sekgweng go ne go le bokete thata, Tippu Tip o ne a retologa le lekoko la gagwe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole a le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi , a tlogela Stanley a le esi, a na le batho ba le lekgolo le masome a mane le boraro , go akaretsa le bana ba le robedi le basadi ba le lesome le borataro. Ba ne ba na le mekoro e le masome a mabedi le boraro . Kopano ya gagwe ya ntlha le morafe wa lefelo leo e ne e le [[:en:Tumbuka_people|Wenya]], morafe o o neng o begwa gore o ja nama ya batho. Ka kakaretso, Stanley o bega gore o ne a nna le dikopano di le masome a mararo le bobedi tse di neng di se tsotlhe ka kagiso le merafe e a neng a kopana le yone mo nokeng; dingwe tsa dikopano tseo di ne tsa nna le tiriso-dikgoka, le mororo a ne a leka go buisana le bone gore a letlelelwe go feta ka kagiso. Mme merafe e ne e le kelotlhoko ka maitemogelo a bone fela a batho ba ba tswang kwa ntle e ne e le le bagwebi ba makgoba. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ele lesome le borataro ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bosupa( 1877), morago ga dikilometara di le makgolo a marataro le masome a mane , ba ne ba fitlha kwa Boyoma Falls (e e neng ya bidiwa Stanley Falls ka nako nngwe morago ga moo), Diphororo tseno di na le di-cataract di le supa tse di anameng bokgakala jwa dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo (60 miles), mme ba ne ba tshwanelwa ke go di fapaanya ka go tsamaya ka tsela ya mo lefatsheng. Fano Stanley o ne a utlwa gore noka e ne e bidiwa Ikuta Yacongo,<ref>[[:en:Congo_River#CITEREFJeal2007|Jeal 2007]], p. 199; 7 February 1877.</ref> e e neng ya mo supetsa gore o ne a fitlheletse Congo le gore Lualaba e ne e sa fepe Nile. Go simolola mo lefelong leno, merafe e ba neng ba kopana le yone e ne e sa tlhole e begwa gore e ja nama ya batho, mme e ne e setse e na le dibetsa tsa tlhobolo, go belaelwa e le ka ntlha ya tlhotlheletso ya Bapotokisi. Dibeke di ka nna nne le dikilometara di le sekete le makgolo a robabongwe (1,200 mi) morago ga moo o ne a goroga kwa Stanley Pool (e jaanong e bidiwang Pool Malebo), lefelo la ditoropo tsa gompieno tsa Kinshasa le Brazzaville. Go ya kwa tlase ga noka go ne go na le Livingstone Falls, e e neng e bidiwa ka phoso jaaka Livingstone e ne e ise e ke e nne kwa Congo: motseletsele wa diphororo di le masome a marataro le bobedi le di-rapids tse di nang le phetogo ya bogodimo jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a supa (900 ft) mo godimo ga dikhilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano (220 mi). Ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a le lesome le botlhano, ba ne ba simolola go fologa Diphororo tsa Livingstone, loeto lo lo neng lwa tsaya dikgwedi di le tlhano mme lwa baka go latlhegelwa ke matshelo a le mantsi. Fa ba fitlha kwa Diphororong tsa Isangile, tse e neng e le tsa botlhano go tloga kwa bokhutlong jwa diphororo tseo, ba ne ba gogela dikepe tsa bone le sekepe sa ''Lady Alice'' mo lotshitshing lwa noka, ba bo ba tlogela noka mme ba tsaya loeto mo lefatsheng ba lebile kwa [[:en:Boma,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Boma]], e leng boemelo jwa Bapotokisi. Ka tsatsi la boraro la Phatwe ba ne ba goroga kwa motsaneng wa Nsada. Go tswa foo Stanley o ne a romela banna ba le banè ba ba nang le makwalo go ya kwa Boma, ba kopa dijo tsa batho ba gagwe ba ba tshwerweng ke tlala. Ka tsatsi la bosupa la Phatwe thuso e ne ya goroga, e rometswe ke baemedi ba feme ya kgwebo ya [[:en:Liverpool|Liverpool]] ya Hatton & Cookson. Ka tsatsi la boroba-bongwe la Phatwe ba goroga kwa Boma, malatsi a le 1 001 fa e sale ba tswa kwa Zanzibar ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e le lesome le bobedi ,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bone (1874). Mokgatlho o ne o na le batho ba le lekgolo le borobabobedi , go akaretsa bana ba le bararo ba ba tshotsweng mo loetong. Gongwe (dikgatiso tsa ga Stanley ka boene di neelana ka dipalo tse di sa dumalaneng), o ne a latlhegelwa ke batho ba le lekgolo le masome a mararo le bobedi ka ntlha ya bolwetse, tlala, go nwela, go bolaya le go tlogela. <ref>[[:en:Congo_River#CITEREFJeal2007|Jeal 2007]], p. 217</ref><ref>Stanley, Henry M. (1988) [Originally published: London: G. Newnes, 1899]. ''Through the Dark Continent'' (Reprint ed.). Dover Publications. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-486-25667-2|978-0-486-25667-2]]</bdi>.</ref> Kinshasa e ne ya tlhongwa ke Stanley ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi lw bongwe e le lefelo la kgwebo, mme ya bidiwa Léopoldville go tlotla [[:en:Leopold_II_of_Belgium|Leopold II wa Belgium]]. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le botlhano ( 1885), Molapo wa Noka ya Congo o ne wa tselwa ke Leopold II e le wa gagwe ka bonosi mme wa bidiwa [[:en:Congo_Free_State|Congo Free State]]. Ke mo pakeng eno go neng ga dirwa ditiro dintsi tsa [[:en:Atrocities_in_the_Congo_Free_State|bosetlhogo tse di neng tsa diragala mo Congo Free State]], go fitlha kgaolo eo e bidiwa [[:en:Belgian_Congo|Belgian Congo]]. c10fvd62tjhyr3ohvv3wd4e1sxww6kh 0 14515 54017 52769 2026-08-12T00:20:44Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54017 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boteti Botlhaba''' ke kgaolo e e mo [[Bogareng]] e emetswe ke Keoagile Atamelang, Mopalamente wa UDC mo [[Kokoanong Bosetšhaba ya Botswana]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone. == Kgaolo ya Botlhophi == Boteti Botlhaba e tlhamilwe go tswa mo botlhopheng jwa pele jwa Boteti pele ga ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone. E ne ya ganetsanwa jaaka Boteti Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe, pele e ganetsanwa jaaka Boteti Botlhaba go tswa mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone go ya pele. Setlhopha sa ditlhopho se kwa Kgaolong ya Bogare mme se tsepame mo [[Letlhakane]].<ref name=":0">''[https://web.archive.org/web/20250826203516/https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 Delimitation Commission Report]'' (PDF). 2022. p.&#x20;51.</ref> Kgaolo e na le metse e e latelang:<ref name=":0" /> # [[Letlhakane]] # [[Mmatshumo]] # Khwee # Makgaba # Mokubilo # Mmea # Mosu == Metswedi == 6ya4ke39t1bx11zv4sbko1g0y2b4fao 0 14516 54016 52770 2026-08-12T00:20:43Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54016 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boteti Bophirima''' ke kgaolo mo [[Kgaolong ya Bogare]] e emetswe ke Sam Digwa, Mopalamente wa UDC mo [[Kokoanong Bosetšhaba ya Botswana]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone. == Kgaolo ya Botlhophi == Boteti Bophirima e tlhamilwe go tswa mo botlhopheng jwa pele jwa [[Boteti]] pele ga ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone. E ne ya ganetswa jaaka '''Boteti''' '''Bokone''' ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe, pele e ganetswa jaaka Boteti Bophirima go tswa mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone go ya pele. Setlhopha se se mo Kgaolong ya Bogare mme se akaretsa [[Orapa|Orapa,]] [[Mopipi]], [[Rakops]] le metsana e e mo tikologong. <ref name=":0">''[https://web.archive.org/web/20250826203516/https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 Delimitation Commission Report]'' (PDF). 2022. p.&#x20;53.</ref> Kgaolo e na le metse e e latelang:<ref name=":0" /> # [[Orapa]] # [[Mopipi]] # [[Xhumo]] # [[Rakops]] # Xere # Kedia # Toromoja # Motopi # Moreomaoto # Mokoboxane # Mmadikola # Makalamabedi == Metswedi == h7n9x9rrjvvgd5tyb06r4fuhrj17lpc 0 14728 54025 53441 2026-08-12T04:39:28Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54025 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Palamente ya lesome le bobedi ya Botswana''' e ne e le bokopano jwa [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|khuduthama ya Botswana]], babei ba molao ba [[palamente ya Botswana]], e boloko jwa yone bo laolwang ke maduo a ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tse di tshwerweng ka Phalane a le masome a mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe. Bokopano bo nnile lantlha ka Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe ya phatlaladiwa ka Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone. == Ditlhopho == Maloko a a masome a marataro le botlhano a khuduthamaga ya Botswana a na le mapalamente a le masome a matlhano le bosupa a a tlhophilweng mo dikgaolong tsa botlhophi tse di emelwang ke ntlhopheng a le mongwe, ba tlhophilwe ka go tlhopha a le mongwe, maloko a marataro a tlhophilwe ke phathi e e busang, fa ba le babedi e le tautona le [[Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ya Botswana|motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230527225716/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/frequently-asked-questions#q1 FAQs".] ''Parliament of Botswana''. Archived from [https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/frequently-asked-questions#q1 the original] on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2019 (Botswana)]] di ne di tshwerwe ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe. Di ne tsa bona phenyo ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP) e tshegetsa bontsi jwa yone mo pusong. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Phathi ! !Ditalama !% !Ditilo !Phokotsego kgotsa koketsego |- | colspan="2" |Botswana Democratic Party |dikete di le makgolo a mane le boratarao, makgolo a matlhano masome a marataro le motso |52.65 |masome a mararo le borobabobedi |koketsego ka bongwe |- | rowspan="4" |Umbrella for Democratic Change |Botswana National Front |dikete di le lekgolo masome a mane le borobabobedi, lekgolo masome a mabedi le bobedi |19.18 |bone |e fokotsegile ka bone |- |Botswana Congress Party |dikete di le lekgolo lesome le bobedi, makgolo a mane masome a mane le bosupa |14.47 |lesome le motso |e oketsegile ka borobabobedi |- |Botswana People's Party |dikete di le lesome le borataro, makgolo a mane masome a supa |2.13 |lefela |ga e oketsega ebile ga e a fokotsega |- |Palo yotlhe |dikete di le makgolo mabedi masome a supa le bsupa, masome a supa le motso |35.88 |lesome le botlhano |e fokotsegile ka boraro |- | colspan="2" |Botswana Patriotic Front |dikete di le masome a mararo masome a mane, masome a marataro le borobabobedi |4.41 |boraro |e ntsha |- | colspan="2" |Alliance for Progressives |dikete di le masome a mararo le borbabongwe, makgolo a matlhano masome a marataro le motso |4.41 |boraro |e ntsha |- | colspan="2" |Botswana Movement for Democracy |dikete di le pedi le masome a matlhano le borobabobedi |0.27 |lefela |e fokotsegile ka borobabongwe |- | colspan="2" |Real Alternative Party |lekgolo masome a mane le botlhano |0.02 |lefela |e ntsha |- | colspan="2" |Ba ba ikemetseng |dikete di le lesome le bobedi makgolo a marataro masome a robabongwe le bone |1.64 |lefela |lefela |- | colspan="4" |Maloko a a itlhophetsweng le tautona le motsamaisa dipuisano |borobabobedi |e oketsegile ka bobedi |- | colspan="2" |Palo yotlhe |dikete di le makgolo a supa masome a supa le bobedi, lekgolo masome a matlhano le borobabobedi |lekgolo |masome a marataro le botlhano |lefela |- | colspan="2" |Ditalama tse di siameng |dikete di le makgolo a supa masome a supa le bobedi lekgolo masome a matlhano le borobabobedi |99.21 | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" |Tse di senyegileng |dikete di le thataro, lekgolo masome a robabobedi le botlhano |0.79 | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" |Ditalama tsotlhe |dikete di le makgolo a supa masome a supa le borobabbedi, makgolo a mararo masome a mne le boraro |lekgolo | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" |Go nna teng ga batlhophi ba ba ikwadisitseng |dikete di le makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le botlhano, makgolo a mane masome a supa le borobabobedi |84.10 | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="6" |Motswedi: [https://web.archive.org/web/20240608173526/https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/Botswana_2019_General_Elections_REPORT(1).pdf IEC] |} == Phatlalatso ya ditilo == Tafole e e fa tlase esupa ka fa ditilo tse di masome a matlhano le bosupa di phatlaladitsweng ka teng mo tlhophong ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe, gammogo le ka fa di abilweng ka teng fa e phatlaladiwa.<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20240608173526/https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/Botswana_2019_General_Elections_REPORT(1).pdf Report to the Minister for Presidential Affairs, Governance and Public Administration on the 2019 General Elections]'' (PDF). Independent Electoral Commission (IEC). 2020.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Leina !Maemo a polotiki !Moeteledipele !maduo !ditilo fa e phatlaladiwa |- |Botswana Democratic party |legare go tsena legare kwa mojeng |Mokgweetsi Masisi |52.65 |Masome a mararo le bosupa mo go masome a matlhano le bosupa |- |Umbrella for Democratic Change |legare go tsena molema |Duma Boko |35.88 |bosupa mo masome a matlhano le bosupa |- |Botswana Congress Party |legare go ya molemeng |Dumelang Saleshando |14.57 |Bosupa mo masome a matlhano le bosupa |- |Botswana Patriotic Front |tante e tona |Mephato Reatile |4.41 |bone mo masomeng a matlhano le bosupa |} == Maloko == Le ke lenaneo la maloko a a masome a matlhano le bosupa a a tlhophilweng mo palamenteng ya lesome le bobedi ya Botswana. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kgaolo ya botlhophi !Leina !Phathi !bontsi !% ya ditlhopho tsotlhe |- |Chobe |Machana Shamukuni |BDP |Sekete, makgolo a mararo masome a supa le bolthano |58.8 |- |Maun Botlhaba |Goretetse Kekgonegile |BCP |makgolo a marataro masome a mabedi le bosupa |52.1 |- |Ngami |caterpillar Hikuama |BCP |makgolo a mararo masome a mane le bone |47.8 |} == Metswedi == bzzcdpuxogtx8p3m8ztexlpmq8ni3fn 0 14734 54028 53455 2026-08-12T05:24:36Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Simon Moabi|office=Mopalamente wa [[Tati Bophirima]]|termstart=Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 2019|termend=Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 2024|predecessor=[[Biggie Butale]]|successor=Justin Hunyepa|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party]]}} '''Simon Moabi''' ke mopolotiki wa Motswana le mopalamente wa pele wa kgaolo ya botlhophi ya [[Tati Bophirima]] mo [[Palamente ya lesome le bobedi ya Botswana|palamenteng ya lesome le bobedi ya Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone. == Ditso tsa ditlhopho == === 2019 === {| class="wikitable" |+Dilthopho kakaretso tsa 2019: Tati Bophirma<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20240608173526/https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/Botswana_2019_General_Elections_REPORT(1).pdf Report to the Minister for Presidential Affairs, Governance and Public Administration on the 2019 General Elections]'' (PDF). Independent Electoral Commission (IEC). 2020.</ref> !Phathi !Ntlhopheng !Ditalama !% !a e fokotsegile kana e oketsegile |- |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |Simon Moabi |dikete di le thataro makgolo a mabedi masome a mararo le borataro |49.33 | +6.40 |- |[[Umbrella for Democratic Change|UDC]] |Makhani Tshepo |dikete di le nne makgolo a supa masome a robabobedi le boraro |37.84 | +4.47 |- |[[Botswana Patriotic Front|BPF]] |Biggie Butale |sekete,makgolo a marataro masome a mabedi le bobedi |12.83 |N/A |- | colspan="2" |Pharologanyo ya Phenyo |sekete, makgolo a mane masome a matlhano le boraro |11.49 | +1.93 |- | colspan="2" |Ditlhopho tsotlhe tse di dumeletseng |dikete di le lesome le bobedi makgolo a marataro masome a mane le motso |99.40 | +0.19 |- | colspan="2" |Tse di senyegileng |masome a supa le borataro |0.79 | -0.19 |- | colspan="2" |palo ya batho ba ba tsileng |dikete di le lesome le bobedi makgolo a supa lesoome le bosupa |88.64 | +3.30 |} === Ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone === Moabi o ne a kgalelwa go sa bue kwa bokopanong jwa palamente, e le wa ntlha mo lenaaneng la mapalamente a a sa direng tiro.<ref>Chida, Daniel (2023-08-15). [https://thevoicebw.com/the-silent-and-underperforming-mps/ "The silent and underperforming MPS » TheVoiceBW"]. ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> O ne a kgalwa gape ke Mmegi go sa dirise madi sentle mo kgaolong ya gagwe mo tseleng e e amanyang Mbalambi, Sekakangwe le Kalakamat ka ntlha ya gore madi e ne e le didikadike di le lesome tsa dipula, mme kakanyetso ya aa dirisitsweng mo stelelng e le lesome go feta madi ao. O ne a itshwarelela ka tshwetso ya gagwe ka go tlhalosa gore madi a tshwanetse go dirisiwa mo kgaolong yotlhe ya botlhophi eseng go kgaoganngwa metse, a latofatsa gore madi a jaanong ke motshelo.<ref>Balise, Joseph (2023-06-19). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/tati-west-legislator-fends-off-potential-backlash/news "Tati West legislator fends off potential backlash".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 28 july 2026</ref> Ntlhopheng wa UDP [[Justin Hunyepa]] o ne a ngongoregela gore phathi e e busang ya BDP e ne e senya letsholo la gagwe la go ipapatsa ka go ntsha mekwalo mo metseng e tshwana le [[Masunga]] le Mlambakwena ba dirisa madi a lefatshe. O ne a ngongoregela gape gore mekwalo ya ipapatso ya ga Moabi e ntsheditswe madi ke puso ene o a ituelela.<ref>Mkhutshwa, Lesedi (2024-10-08). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/tati-west-political-poster-wars-erupt/news "Tati West political poster wars erupt".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Ka nako ya ipapatso, Moabi o ne a sireletsa mesepele ya go ya mafatsheng a sele le dikatlego tsa ga tautona Mokgweetsi Masisi tsa go lwantsha malwetsi a loruo a tshwana le tlhako le molomo ga mmogo le segajaja sa [[Segajaja sa Covid-19 mo Botswana|COVID-19 mo Botswana.]]<ref>[https://enews.mmegi.bw/article/281646784410808 "Mmegi".] ''enews.mmegi.bw''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> Mbakiso Mukokomani, o o latlhegetsweng mo ditlhophong tsa BDP tsa peo lotlhokwa, o ne a re mabokoso mangwe gaa balwa ka jalo a re ba tsieditswe.<ref>Ramatiti, Ketumile (2024-10-23). [https://weekendpost.co.bw/threats-of-more-bdp-primary-election-lawsuits/ "Threats of more BDP primary election lawsuits".] ''Weekend Post''. Retrieved 28 July 2026</ref> === Ditlhopho tsa 2024: Tati Bophirima === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Phathi !Ntlhopheng !Ditalama !% !a e oketsegile kgotsa e fokotsegile |- |UDC |Justin Hunyepa |dikete di le thataro makgolo a supa lesome le boraro |49.99 | +12.15 |- |BDP |Simon Moabi |dikete di le tharo makgolo a mabedi masome a mabedi le boraro |24.00 |N/A |- |BCP |Leonard Mutheto |dikete pedi, makgolo a marataro masome a supa le borobabongwe |19.95 |N/A |- |BRP |[[Biggie Butale]] |makgolo a robabobedi lesome le boraro |6.05 |N/A |} == Metswedi == mp2g8v1xm3mi5g0jlft4sffrtghs4u7 0 14871 54014 54011 2026-08-11T15:08:16Z SANKOMOTA 11546 /* */ 54014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mokoloko wa Basadi wa 1956''' e ne e le nngwe ya ditshupetso tse dikgolo go gaisa kgatlhanong le tlhaolele mo [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>https://www.channelafrica.co.za/channelafrica/news/ramaphosa-hails-1956-womens-march-as-sa-struggle-turning-point/</ref> Ka 9 Phatwe 1956, basadi ba ba ka nnang 20 000 ba ne ba kokoana kwa Union Buildings kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]] go ganetsa molao o o neng o batla gore basadi ba Bantsho ba nne le dipasaete tsa ka fa teng, tse di itsegeng jaaka dibuka tsa phasalatso. Mokoloko ono o ne o rulagantswe ke Federation of South African Women le mekgatlho e mengwe e e kgatlhanong le tlhaolele.<ref>https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/sa-commemorates-70-years-1956-womens-march</ref> Morago ga go neela makwalokopo a a nang le ditshaeno tse di fetang 100 000, badiraditshupetso ba ne ba didimala metsotso e le masome a mararo pele ga ba opela pina ya boipelaetso ya Wathint' Abafazi, Wathint' Imbokodo ("Fa o itaya mosadi, o itaya lefika"). <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2026-08-09-ramaphosa-asks-families-to-help-identify-20000-women-who-marched-in-1956/</ref>Mokoloko ono o ne wa nna letshwao le le nnelang ruri la go nna pelokgale, go nna pelokgale le go nna le seabe ga basadi mo ntweng ya go lwela kgololesego ya Aforika Borwa.<ref>https://www.africanews.com/2026/08/08/south-africa-commemorates-1956-womens-march-but-fight-for-freedom-isnt-over/</ref> tj2c1ymvz0wpmqfoss4o1lk2u3wanba 2 14873 54030 2026-08-12T11:39:19Z CeylonChingu 12789 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1500435|Aortic dissection]] to:tn #mdwikicx 54030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Aortic dissection|synonym=|image=AoDissekt scheme StanfordB en.png|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Dissection of the descending part of the aorta (3), which starts from the left subclavian artery and extends to the abdominal aorta (4). The ascending aorta (1) and aortic arch (2) are not involved in this image.|pronounce=|specialty=[[Vascular surgery]], [[cardiothoracic surgery]]|symptoms=severe [[acute aortic syndrome|chest or back pain]], vomiting, [[diaphoresis|sweating]], [[lightheadedness]]<ref name=Lancet2016/><ref name=White2013/>|complications=[[Stroke]], [[mesenteric ischemia]], [[myocardial ischemia]], [[aortic rupture]]<ref name=White2013/>|onset=Sudden<ref name=Lancet2016/><ref name=White2013/>|duration=|types=|causes=|risks=[[Hypertension|High blood pressure]], [[Marfan syndrome]], [[Turner syndrome]], [[bicuspid aortic valve]], previous [[heart surgery]], [[major trauma]], [[smoking]]<ref name=Lancet2016/><ref name=White2013/><ref name=Criado2011/>|diagnosis=[[Medical imaging]]<ref name=Lancet2016/>|differential=|prevention=Blood pressure control, not smoking <ref name=Lancet2016/>|treatment=Depends on the type<ref name=Lancet2016/>|medication=|prognosis=Mortality without treatment 10% (type B), 50% (type A)<ref name=Criado2011/>|frequency=3 per 100,000 per year<ref name=Criado2011/>|deaths=|named after=}} '''Go phatloga ga aorta''' ( '''AD''' ) go diragala fa kgobalo ya llaga e e kwa teng thata ya aorta e letla madi go elela fa gare ga dillaga tsa lebota la aorta, mme seno se dira gore dillaga tseno di kgaogane.<ref name="Criado2011">{{Cite journal|last=Criado FJ|title=Aortic dissection: a 250-year perspective|journal=Tex Heart Inst J|volume=38|issue=6|pages=694–700|year=2011|pmid=22199439|pmc=3233335}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCriado_FJ2011">Criado FJ (2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3233335 "Aortic dissection: a 250-year perspective"]. ''Tex Heart Inst J''. '''38''' (6): <span class="nowrap">694–</span>700. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3233335 3233335]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22199439 22199439].</cite></ref> Mo maemong a mantsi, seno se amana le go simolola ka tshoganyetso ga botlhoko jo bo tseneletseng mo sehubeng kgotsa mo mokwatleng, jo gantsi bo tlhalosiwang jaaka "go gagoga" ka semelo.<ref name="Lancet2016">{{Cite journal|last=Nienaber|first=CA|last2=Clough|first2=RE|title=Management of acute aortic dissection.|journal=Lancet|date=28 February 2015|volume=385|issue=9970|pages=800–11|pmid=25662791|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61005-9}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNienaberClough2015">Nienaber, CA; Clough, RE (28 February 2015). "Management of acute aortic dissection". ''Lancet''. '''385''' (9970): <span class="nowrap">800–</span>11. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0140-6736%2814%2961005-9 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61005-9]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25662791 25662791].</cite></ref><ref name="White2013">{{Cite journal|last=White|first=A|last2=Broder|first2=J|last3=Mando-Vandrick|first3=J|last4=Wendell|first4=J|last5=Crowe|first5=J|title=Acute aortic emergencies--part 2: aortic dissections.|journal=[[Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal]]|date=2013|volume=35|issue=1|pages=28–52|pmid=23364404|doi=10.1097/tme.0b013e31827145d0}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFWhiteBroderMando-VandrickWendell2013">White, A; Broder, J; Mando-Vandrick, J; Wendell, J; Crowe, J (2013). "Acute aortic emergencies--part 2: aortic dissections". ''[[Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal]]''. '''35''' (1): <span class="nowrap">28–</span>52. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1097%2Ftme.0b013e31827145d0 10.1097/tme.0b013e31827145d0]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23364404 23364404].</cite></ref> Gape, go ka nna ga nna le go kgwa, go fufula, le go nna le tlhogo e e botlhofo.<ref name="White2013" /> Matshwao a mangwe a ka tswa a bakilwe ke go fokotsega ga tlamelo ya madi mo dirweng tse dingwe, jaaka [[Go Swa Mohama|seterouku]] kgotsa mesenteric ischemia.<ref name="White2013" /> Go kgaoga ga aorta go ka baka loso ka bonako ka ntlha ya go tlhoka kelelo e e lekaneng ya madi go ya kwa pelong kgotsa go thubega gotlhelele ga aorta.<ref name="White2013" /> E tlwaelegile thata mo bathong ba ba kileng ba nna le kgatelelo e kgolo ya madi, malwetse a le mmalwa a ditogwa tse di golaganyang a a amang maatla a lebota la ditshika tsa madi go akaretsa le bolwetse jwa Marfan le jwa Ehlers Danlos, belefo ya aorta e e nang le dikarolo tse pedi, le karo ya pelo e e kileng ya bo e le teng.<ref name="White2013" /><ref name="Criado2011" /> Go utlwa botlhoko thata mo maikutlong, go goga motsoko, go dirisa khokheine, go ima, go ruruga ga ditshika tsa madi mo sehubeng, go ruruga ga ditshika, le selekanyo se se sa tlwaelegang sa mafura le tsone di amana le go nna mo kotsing e e oketsegileng.<ref name="Lancet2016" /><ref name="White2013" /> Go belaelwa gore bolwetse bo tla tlhatlhobiwa go ikaegilwe ka matshwao a bolwetse jono ka ditshwantsho tsa kalafi, tse di jaaka tomokerafi e e dirisiwang ka dikhomphiutha, ditshwantsho tsa makenete, kgotsa ultrasound e e dirisiwang go tlhomamisa le go sekaseka go ya pele go kgaolwa ga mmele.<ref name="Lancet2016" /> Mefuta e mebedi e megolo ke mofuta wa Stanford A, o o akaretsang karolo ya ntlha ya aorta, le mofuta wa B, o o sa akaretseng.<ref name="Lancet2016" /> Thibelo ke ka go laola kgatelelo ya madi, e seng go goga motsoko, le go baakanya ditshikana tsa madi mo sehubeng.<ref name="Lancet2016" /><ref name="Iss2005">{{Cite journal|last=Isselbacher|first=Eric M.|title=Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms|journal=Circulation|date=15 February 2005|volume=111|issue=6|pages=816–828|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000154569.08857.7A}}</ref> Taolo e ikaegile ka karolo ya aorta e e amegang.<ref name="Lancet2016" /> Dikarolo tse di akaretsang karolo ya ntlha ya aorta gantsi di tlhoka gore motho a ariwe.<ref name="Lancet2016" /><ref name="White2013" /> Karo e ka dirwa ka phatlha mo sehubeng kgotsa go tswa mo teng ga tshika ya madi.<ref name="Lancet2016" /> Dikgaotso tse di akaretsang karolo ya bobedi ya aorta gantsi di ka alafiwa ka melemo e e fokotsang kgatelelo ya madi le go itaya ga pelo, ntle le fa go na le mathata.<ref name="Lancet2016" /><ref name="White2013" /> Go kgaoga ga aorta go batlile go sa tlwaelega, go diragala ka selekanyo se se fopholediwang sa batho ba le bararo mo bathong ba le 100 000 ka ngwaga.<ref name="Lancet2016" /><ref name="Criado2011" /> E tlwaelegile thata mo banneng go feta mo basading.<ref name="Lancet2016" /> Dingwaga tse di tlwaelegileng tsa fa motho a lemogiwa ke 63, mme mo e ka nnang 10% ya dikgetse di diragala pele ga dingwaga di le 40.<ref name="Lancet2016" /><ref name="Criado2011" /> Kwa ntle ga kalafi, mo e ka nnang halofo ya batho ba ba nang le ditlhaka tsa mofuta wa A tsa Stanford ba swa mo malatsing a le mararo mme mo e ka nnang 10% ya batho ba ba nang le ditlhaka tsa mofuta wa B tsa Stanford ba swa mo kgweding e le nngwe.<ref name="Criado2011" /> Kgetse ya ntlha ya AD e ne ya tlhalosiwa mo tlhatlhobong ya ga Kgosi George II wa Great Britain morago ga loso lwa gagwe ka 1760.<ref name="Criado2011" /> Karo ya AD e ne ya simololwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950 ke Michael E. DeBakey.<ref name="Criado2011" /> == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} <nowiki> [[Category:Heart]]</nowiki> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] bagfzf8dku3ywxcip5mjlqhl5adzs8t