Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1704 54237 53089 2026-08-21T01:40:21Z CommonsDelinker 71 Removing [[:c:File:Gaborone,_Botswana_-_Sir_Seretse_Khama_International_Airport.jpg|Gaborone,_Botswana_-_Sir_Seretse_Khama_International_Airport.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Abzeronow|Abzeronow]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion 54237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|order=1st [[List of heads of state of Botswana|President of Botswana]]|image=Seretse_Khama_1977_(2).png|caption=Khama in 1977|predecessor=Himself as Prime Minister<ref name=Constitution>[http://www.commonlii.org/bw/legis/const/1966/1.html#Ch4P1 The President and Vice President]. Chapter 4, Part I, Constitution of Botswana</ref>|successor=[[Quett Masire]]|term_end=13 July 1980|term_start=30 September 1966|vicepresident=Quett Masire|signature=Seretse Khama () signature.svg|monarch2=[[Elizabeth II]]|order2=1st [[List of heads of government of Botswana|Prime Minister of Bechuanaland]]|predecessor2=Position established|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party]]|successor2=Himself as President<ref name=Constitution/>|birth_name=Seretse Goitsebeng Maphiri Khama|birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1921|7|1}}|birth_place=[[Serowe]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]]|death_date={{death date and age|df=yes|1980|7|13|1921|7|1}}|death_place=[[Gaborone]], Botswana|resting_place=Royal Cemetery, [[Serowe]], Botswana|nationality=[[Botswana]]|spouse={{marriage|[[Ruth Williams Khama]]|1948}}|children={{plainlist| *Jacqueline Khama *[[Ian Khama]] *[[Tshekedi Khama II]] *Anthony Khama}}|alma_mater={{plainlist| *[[University of Fort Hare]] *[[Balliol College, Oxford]]}}|profession=[[Barrister]]|honorific-prefix=[[His Excellency]] <br> Sir|honorific-suffix={{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB|KBE}}}} '''Sir Seretse Goitsebeng Maphiri Khama''', GCB, KBE ( Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le motso – Phukwi a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa sekete, amkgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi) e ne e le mopolotiki wa [[Motswana]] yo o neng a bereka e le [[Tautona wa Botswana|Tautona]] wa ntlha wa [[Botswana]], maemo a a neng a a tshwara go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le boratarogo fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekeet makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Seretse-Khama "Sir Seretse Khama | president of Botswana | Britannica"]. ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 11 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">Ramsay, Jeff (1 July 2021). [https://www.mmegi.bw/opinion-analysis/seretse-khama-centenary-a-profile-of-our-first-president/news "Seretse Khama Centenary: A profile of our first president"]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 11 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>Henderson, Willie (January 1990). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098278 "Seretse Khama: A Personal Appreciation"]. ''African Affairs''. '''89''' (354): 27–56. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098278|10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098278]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1468-2621 1468-2621].</ref> O tsholetswe mo [[lelwapeng la segosi]] le le nang le tlhotlheletso la se ka nako eo e neng e le [[tshireletso ya Borithane]] ya [[Bechuanaland]], o ne a tsena sekolo kwa moseja kwa lefatsheng le le mabapi la [[Aforika Borwa]]<ref name=":0" /> mme morago ga moo kwa [[United Kingdom]].<ref name=":0" /> Fa a le kwa Borithane, o ne a nyala mosadi wa Moesemane yo o bidiwang [[Ruth Williams Khama|Ruth Williams]], tshwetso e e neng ya ganediwa ke [[Puso ya batho ba basweu ba ba palotlase|puso ya batho ba basweu ba ba]] [[Puso ya batho ba basweu ba ba palotlase|palotlase]] ya [[Aforika Borwa]] mme e e neng ya baka kganetsano e e neng ya felela ka gore puso ya Borithane e mo dire gore a nne kwa Enyelane a le kwa [[lejwa]] gore a se ka a senya [[dikamano tsa U.K.–Aforika Borwa]]. Morago ga bokhutlo jwa go ya lejwa ga gagwe, Khama o ne a etelela pele [[Mokgatlho wa boipuso jwa lefatshe la gagwe|mokgatlho wa boipuso jwa]] [[Mokgatlho wa boipuso jwa lefatshe la gagwe|lefatshe la gagwe]] le phetogo go tswa mo pusong ya Borithane go nna setshaba se se ikemetseng. O tlhomile lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party]] ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le botlhano mme a nna Tonakgolo ka ngwaga wa sekete makgoloa robabongwe masome a marataro le botlhano. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borataro, [[Botswana]] o ne a bona boipuso mme Khama a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa lone wa ntlha.<ref name=":6">[https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2909/ "IFES Election Guide | Elections: Botswana Parliamentary Election 2009"]. ''www.electionguide.org''. Retrieved 11 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka nako ya botautona jwa gagwe, lefatshe le ne la nna le kgatelopele e e bonako ya itsholelo le loago.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090720233744/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/orders_list.asp?show=152 "The Presidency – Republic of South Africa"]. Archived from [http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/orders_list.asp?show=152 the original] on 20 July 2009.</ref> Khama o ne a nna Tautona go fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, mme a tlhatlhangwa mo maemong a ke [[Quett Masire]]. Morwawe, ebong [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]], o ne a nna tautona wa bone wa Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/politics-botswana-ian-khama-crime-8087f1d5cdde4d0a0ed826a2d820e786 "Botswana issues arrest warrant for ex-President Ian Khama"]. ''AP NEWS''. 2 January 2023. Retrieved 11 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Bongwana le thuto == Rre Seretse o tsholetswe kwa [[Serowe]], mo [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] e le ngwana wa ga MmaKgosi Tebogo le [[Sekgoma II|Sekgoma Khama II]], kgosikgolo ya morafe wa [[Bangwato|Bamangwato]], mme gape e le ngwana-wa-ngwana wa ga [[Khama III|Kgosi Khama wa boraro]], kgosi ya bone. O biditswe Seretse go lebeletswe gore seretse fa se tlhakane le metsi, se a kopana ka jalo go ka twe ke ''mokopanya setshaba''.<ref>Parsons, Neil. [http://www.thuto.org/ubh/bw/skhama.htm "Sir Seretse Khama"]. ''University of Botswana History Department website''. Retrieved 11 Phalane 2025.</ref> O ne a bidiwa jaana go keteka poelano ya bosheng ya ga rraagwe le rraagwemogolo; poelano eno e ne ya netefatsa go tlhatlogela ga ga Seretse ka boene mo setilong sa bogosi ka loso lwa ga rraagwe yo o tsofetseng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le botlhano. Fa a le dingwaga di le nne, Seretse o ne a nna ''kgosi'', mme malomaagwe [[Tshekedi Khama]] e ne e le [[motshwaralelabogosi]] le [[motlhokomedi]] wa gagwe. O ne a tsena sekolo se segolwane sa [[Tiger Kloof Educational Institute]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], mme morago a ya go tsena kwa [[Fort Hare University College]] koo, a aloga ka B.A. ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le bone. O ne a ya kwa United Kingdom mme a ithuta kwa [[Kholetšheng ya Balliol, kwa Oxford]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le bone go ya go ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le borataro.<ref name=":1">[https://www.innertemple.org.uk/celebrating-diversity-at-the-bar/seretse-kharma/ "Seretse Kharma | The Inner Temple"]. ''www.innertemple.org.uk''. 15 November 2021. Retrieved 11 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/news/2021/december/new-building-named-after-sir-seretse-khama "New building named after Sir Seretse Khama | Balliol College"]. ''www.balliol.ox.ac.uk''. Retrieved 11 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ntlha ya go tlhoka bokgoni jwa [[SeLatin]], o ne a tlogela Oxford mme a amogelwa kwa [[Inner Temple]] kwa London ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le borataro, kwa a neng a tswelela ka dithuto tsa gagwe tsa semolao go nna [[mmueledi]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250112003204/https://yourbotswana.com/2019/07/14/we-pay-homage-to-botswana-presidents-past-to-present/ "We pay homage to Botswana Presidents – past to present"]. ''YourBotswana''. Retrieved 11 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Nyalo le go ya lejwa == Ka Seetebosigo wa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le bosupa, Khama o ne a kopana le [[Ruth Williams Khama|Ruth Williams]], mme wa mokwaledi wa lekgoa kwa [[Lloyd's kwa Lontone]].<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga ngwaga ba ne ba nyalana.<ref name=":1" /> Lenyalo le la motho yo montsho le yo mosweu le ne la tsosa madubadube,<ref name=":0" /> go tshosa bobedi jwa [[Union of South Africa]], e e neng e tlhomile [[Tlhaolele mo Aforika Borwa|tlhaolele]] ya semolao (kgaogano ya merafe), le bagolwane ba merafe ya Bamangwato, ba ba neng ba galefile gore ga a tlhopha mongwe wa basadi ba bona.<ref name=":0" /> Fa a itsisiwe ka lenyalo, malomaagwe Khama e bong [[Tshekedi Khama]] o ne a batla gore a boele kwa Bechuanaland le gore lenyalo [[le phimolwe]].<ref name=":0" /> Khama o ile a boela Serowe. Morago ga motseletsele wa diphuthego tsa ''kgotla'' (dikopano tsa setshaba), o ne a tlhomamisiwa gape ke bagolwane mo tirong ya gagwe ya go nna kgosi ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le borobabongwe. Ruth Williams Khama, a tsamaya le monna wa gagwe yo mosha, o ne a itshupa a ratiwa ka tsela e e tshwanang. Ka go dumela gore o fentswe, Tshekedi Khama o ne a tswa mo lefelong la Bamangwato go ya go ithaopa go ya go nna kwa lejwa kwa lefelong la Bakwena fa Khama a ne a boela kwa Lontone go ya go wetsa dithuto tsa gagwe.<ref>Benson, Mary (1976). "Tshekedi Khama as I Knew Him". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''8''': 121–128. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40979462 40979462].</ref> === Ditlamorago mo dikamanong tsa UK–Aforika Borwa === Le fa go ntse jalo, ditlamorago tsa boditšhabatšhaba tsa lenyalo la gagwe di ne di sa rarabologe motlhofo jalo. Ka go thibela lenyalo la merafe e e farologaneng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le borobabongwe ka fa tlase ga tsamaiso ya tlhaolele, puso ya [[Aforika Borwa]] e ne e le kgatlhanong le gore banyalani ba merafe e e farologaneng ba buse fela go kgabaganya molelwane wa bone wa bokone. Banyalani bano ba ne ba thibelwa go tsena mo Aforika Borwa, go akaretsa le [[Mahikeng|Mafeking]], e ka nako eo e neng e dira jaaka motsemogolo wa tsamaiso ya [[Bechuanaland]]. Ka Bechuanaland ka nako eo e ne e le [[tshireletso]] ya Borithane (e seng [[kolone]]), [[puso ya Aforika Borwa]] e ne ya leka go gatelela UK ka bonako gore Khama a tlosiwe mo bogosing jwa gagwe.<ref name=":2" /> [[Lephata la Attlee]], puso ya Borithane e e neng e eteletswe pele ke [[Labour]], e ka nako eo e neng e le mo dikolotong tse dintsi go tswa mo [[Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi|Ntweng ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi]], e ne e sa kgone go latlhegelwa ke dithoto tsa gauta le uraanium tse di tlhwatlhwatlase tsa Aforika Borwa. Ba ne ba tshaba gape gore Aforika Borwa e ka tsaya kgato e e tlhamaletseng kgatlhanong le Bechuanaland, e ka nna dikiletso tsa itsholelo kgotsa go tsenelela ga sesole.<ref>Redfern, John (1955). "An appeal". ''Ruth and Seretse: 'A Very Disreputable Transaction'''. London: [[:en:Victor_Gollancz|Victor Gollancz]]. p. 221. <q>The British government knew well enough, throughout the dispute, that the [[:en:Union_of_South_Africa|Union]] [of South Africa]'s Nationalist Government was playing up the theme of the protectorates, and that it was within the Union's power to apply economic sanctions at any time. (The latest available figures show that more than half the cattle exported from Bechuanaland go to the Union ...)</q></ref><ref>Rider, Clare (2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20060719114915/http://www.innertemple.org.uk/archive/khama.html "The 'Unfortunate Marriage' of Seretse Khama"]. ''The Inner Temple Yearbook 2002/2003''. [[:en:Inner_Temple|Inner Temple]]. Archived from [http://www.innertemple.org.uk/archive/khama.html the original] on 19 July 2006. Retrieved 6 August 2006. <q>Under the provisions of the South Africa Act of 1909, the Union laid claim to the neighbouring tribal territories and, as the [[:en:Secretary_of_State_for_Commonwealth_Relations|Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations]] pointed out to the Cabinet in 1949, the 'demand for this transfer might become more insistent if we disregard the Union government's views'. He went on, 'indeed, we cannot exclude the possibility of an armed incursion into the Bechuanaland Protectorate from the Union if Serestse were to be recognised forthwith, while feeling on the subject is inflamed'.</q></ref> Moeteledipele wa ditshwanelo tsa baagi wa Bantsho yo o nnang kwa London [[Billy Strachan]], yo o neng a dira jaaka Mokwaledi yo o Kopanetsweng wa Komiti ya Ntwa ya Seretse Khama, o ne a kwala lekwalo le le sireletsang Khama le le neng la gatisiwa mo [[Manchester Guardian]].<ref>"Letters to the Editor: Seretse Khama". ''[[:en:The_Manchester_Guardian|The Manchester Guardian]]'' 18 March 1950. p. 6.</ref> Ka Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano, [[Fenner Brockway]], Mopalamente wa Labour wa Borithane, o ne a pateletsa kganetsano mo Ntlong ya Dikgosi ka tshwetso ya puso ya Labour ya go leleka Seretse Khama mo lefatsheng la gagwe, fa a ntse a sa mo amogele jaaka Kgosi ya batho ba Bamangwato, ka gonne a ne a nyetse [[Ruth Williams Khama|Ruth Williams]].<ref>Dutfield, Michael (1990). ''A Marriage of Inconvenience''. London: Unwin Hyman.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne ya dira dipatlisiso tsa boatlhodi tsa gore a Khama o tshwanelega go nna kgosi. Patlisiso ga e a ka ya gana lenyalo la merafe e e farologaneng jalo mme ya bega gore o ne a tshwanelega go busa [[Bangwato|Bamangwato]], "mme ka ntlha ya lenyalo la gagwe le le sa itumediseng", le le neng la thibela dikamano tse di siameng le dipuso tsa tlhaolele tse di mabapi.<ref>Rider, Clare (2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20060719114915/http://www.innertemple.org.uk/archive/khama.html "The 'Unfortunate Marriage' of Seretse Khama"]. ''The Inner Temple Yearbook 2002/2003''. [[:en:Inner_Temple|Inner Temple]]. Archived from [http://www.innertemple.org.uk/archive/khama.html the original] on 19 July 2006. Retrieved 6 August 2006. <q>Since, in their opinion, friendly and co-operative relations with South Africa and Rhodesia were essential to the well-being of the Bamangwato Tribe and the whole of the Protectorate, Serestse, who enjoyed neither, could not be deemed fit to rule. They concluded: 'We have no hesitation in finding that, but for his unfortunate marriage, his prospects as Chief are as bright as those of any native in Africa with whom we have come into contact'.</q></ref> Puso e ne ya laela gore pego e bipiwe (e ne e tla nna jalo dingwaga di le masome a mararo) mme ya leleka Khama le mosadi wa gagwe kwa Bechuanaland ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le motso.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/making_history/makhist10_prog7e.shtml "Sir Seretse Khama – first President of Botswana"]. ''BBC – Radio 4 Making History''. [[:en:BBC_Radio_4|BBC Radio 4]]. 22 July 2010. Retrieved 11 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Go boela mo dipolotiking == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Independence Talks, 1965 - 2.png|left|thumb|Khama (o o ntseng fatshe, kwa pele mo mojeng) le mothusi wa gagwe gape a mo tlhatlhame [[Quett Masire]] ka dipuisano tsa boipuso jwa Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1965]] Tshwetso ya puso ya Borithane e e amanang le Khama e ne ya itshupa e tsosa kganetsano ka bonako, kwa Borithane le kwa Bechuanaland. Dikoranta di le mmalwa tsa Borithane di ne tsa dira dipitso tsa gore [[Lord Salisbury]], tona e e neng e ikarabela ka tshwetso eno, a ithole tiro.<ref>Williams, Susan, 2006, ''Colour Bar: The Triumph of Seretse Khama and His Nation'', Allen Lane</ref><ref>Redfern, John (1955). "The mean marquis". ''Ruth and Seretse: "A Very Disreputable Transaction"''. London: [[:en:Victor_Gollancz|Victor Gollancz]]. p. 189. <q>Some sections of the press attacked him, the ''[[:en:Daily_Express|Daily Express]]'' with especial force: ... "For the nation's good, Lord Salisbury's first deed as Commonwealth Relations Secretary should be his last."</q></ref> Boemedi jwa Bamangwato ba le barataro bo ne jwa tsaya loeto go ya kwa Lontone go ya go bona Khama le Lord Salisbury ba ba neng ba isitswe lejwa, e le modumo wa boemedi jwa dikgosi di le tharo tsa Batswana ka sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabongwe le botlhano kwa go [[Kgosigadi Victoria]], mme ba kopana ba sena katlego epe. Le fa go ntse jalo, fa ba laelwa ke British High Commission go batla motho yo o tshwanetseng go emisetsa Khama, Bamangwato ba ne ba gana taelo eo. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le borataro, bobedi Khama le mosadi wa gagwe ba ne ba letlelelwa go boela kwa Bechuanaland jaaka baagi fela, morago ga gore a latlhe setilo sa bogosi sa morafe. Khama o ne a simolola tiro e e sa atlegang e le morui wa dikgomo. O ne a tsenelela mo dipolotiking tsa selegae, a tlhophiwa mo lekgotleng la morafe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bosupa go nna mokwaledi wa lone. Ka [[Ditlotla tsa Letsatsi la Matsalo la 1961]], o ne a amogelwa ka ntlha ya ditirelo tsa gagwe jaaka mokwaledi wa morafe ka go tlhomiwa jaaka Modiredi wa Taolo ya Mmusomogolo wa Borithane (OBE).<ref>[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/42370/supplement/4164 "No. 42370"]. ''The London Gazette'' (Supplement). 2 June 1961. p. 4164.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le motso, Khama o ne a boela mo dipolotiking ka go tlhoma lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party|Bechuanaland Democratic Party]]. Lejwa la gagwe le ne la mo naya go ikanyega mo go oketsegileng mo batlhophing ba ba neng ba rata boipuso, mme BDP e ne ya gogola kwa thoko bagaisani ba yone ba [[Socialist]] le ba [[Pan-Africanist]] go laola ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le botlhano. Jaaka [[Tonakgolo]] wa [[Bechuanaland]], Khama o ne a tswelela ka go kgaratlhela boipuso jwa lefatshe la Botswana fa a ntse a le kwa toropokgolo e e sa tswang go tlhongwa ya [[Gaborone]]. Molaomotheo wa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le botlhano o ne wa tlhalosa [[puso e ntsha ya Botswana]], mme ka Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borataro, Botswana ya bona boipuso. Jaaka go laetswe ke [[molaomotheo o mosha]], Khama o ne a nna Tautona wa one wa ntlha.<ref>[[:en:Seretse_Khama#:~:text=Mobile%20view-,The%20President%20and%20Vice%20President.%20Chapter%204%2C%20Part%20I%2C%20Constitution%20of%20Botswana|The President and Vice President]]. Chapter 4, Part I, Constitution of Botswana</ref> Malatsi a le lesome pele ga se, [[Elizabeth II]] o ne a tlhatlositse Khama mo teng ga Taolo ya Mmusomogolo wa Borithane, a mo tlhoma go nna Molaodi wa Knight (KBE).<ref>[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/44120/page/10295 "No. 44120"]. The London Gazette. 23 September 1966. p. 10295.</ref> == Botautona == Ka nako ya boipuso jwa yone ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borataro, Botswana e ne e le lefatshe la boraro mo lefatsheng le le humanegileng, le humanegile go feta bontsi jwa mafatshe a mangwe a Aforika.<ref name=":3">James Haskins, Jim Haskins. ''African Heroes''. p. 126.</ref><ref>Robert Guest (2004). ''[[iarchive:shackledcontinen00gues|The Shackled Continent]]''. Smithsonian. ISBN 978-1588342140.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090720231521/http://www.fraserinstitute.org/newsandevents/commentaries/3273.aspx "Economic Freedom, Not More Aid, will Transform Africa"]. Fraser Institute. 2002. Archived from [http://www.fraserinstitute.org/newsandevents/commentaries/3273.aspx the original] on 20 July 2009.</ref><ref name=":4">Marian L. Tupy (14 May 2008). [http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=9399 "Botswana and Zimbabwe: A Tale of Two Countries"].</ref> Ditlhabololo tsa yone di ne di le dinnye, di na le ditsela tse di tsentsweng sekontiri tsa dikilometara di le lesome le bobedi fela; mme batho ba yone ba le mmalwa fela ba ne ba na le thuto e e rulagantsweng, ka dialogane di le masome mabedi le bobedi fela tsa yunibesithi le dialogane di le lekgolo tsa sekolo se segolwane.<ref name=":5">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120524032732/https://economics.mit.edu/files/284 "An African Success Story: Botswana"]. ''Economics.mit.edu''. Archived from [http://economics.mit.edu/files/284 the original] on 24 May 2012. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> Khama o ne a simolola lenaneo le le matlhagatlhaga la itsholelo le le ikaeletseng go fetola setšhaba go nna itsholelo e e ikaegileng ka thomelontle, e e agilweng go dikologa [[nama ya kgomo]], [[kopore]] le [[diteemane]]. Go ribololwa ga [[Diteemane tse di epiwang kwa moepong wa Orapa|dipolokelo tsa diteemane tsa Orapa]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bosupa go ne ga thusa thulaganyo e.<ref name=":3" /> Khama o ne a tlhoma dikgato tse di gagametseng kgatlhanong le [[tshenyetso setshaba]].Tsamaiso ya gagwe e ne ya amogela melao e e neng e siametse [[mmaraka o o gololesegileng]] go rotloetsa [[tlhabololo ya itsholelo]]. Khama o ne a solofetsa dikompone tsa meepo [[Makgetlho|makgetho]] a a kwa tlase le a a tlhomameng, [[kgwebisano e e gololosegileng]], le go oketsa [[dikgololesego tsa motho ka namana]]. O ne a boloka dikelo tse di kwa tlase tsa [[lekgetho la letseno]] go thibela go [[tila lekgetho]] le tshenyetso setshaba.<ref name=":4" /> O ne a tshegetsa [[puso ya batho ka batho e e gololesegileng]] le [[go se nne le kgetlhololo ya letso le mmala]] mo gare ga kgaolo e e neng e tseneletse mo ntweng ya selegae, bobaba jwa semorafe le tshenyetso setshaba.<ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=6&aid=8&dir=2007/July/Wednesday11 "Mmegi Online :: A glimpse of Seretse Khama's legacy"]. ''Mmegi.bw''. 26 April 2007. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Tirelo ya setšhaba]] e nnye e ne ya fetolwa go nna [[tsamaiso]] e e dirang sentle le e e senang tshenyetso setshaba e e nang le badiri ba ba thapilweng [[go ikaegilwe ka bokgoni jwa bone]]. Dipitso tsa go "dira gore puso e nne ya selegae" ka bonako di ne tsa ganediwa, mme puso e ne ya boloka batswakwa ba ba neng ba bereka mo pusong go fitlha go ka bonwa batho ba selegae ba ba tshwanelegang go ba emisetsa. Khama le batho ba gagwe le bone ba ne ba dirisa bagakolodi le bagakolodi ba boditšhabatšhaba. Dikompone tsa meepo di ne tsa rotloediwa go batla mo lefatsheng go bona ditsompelo tse dingwe, mme seno sa dira gore go bonwe dipeeletso tse dingwe tsa kopore, [[nikele]] le [[magala]].<ref name=":5" /> Magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi Botswana e ne e na le itsholelo e e golang ka bonako go gaisa mo lefatsheng.<ref>Acemoglu, D., S. Johnson and J.A. Robinson. 2003. “An African Success Story: Botswana.” Chapter 4 in 14 in D. Rodrik (Ed.). 2003. ''In Search of Prosperity: Analytical Narratives on Economic Growth.'' Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 80–119.</ref> Kgolo e e ne e tsamaisiwa thata ke [[meepo]], mme puso e ne ya tsaya kgato go bona phesente e kgolo ya letseno lwa yone.^{[<nowiki/>[[go tlhokega nopolo]]]} Go ne ga buisanwa gape ka [[kopano ya melelwane]] fa gare ga Botswana le Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano, mme puso ya Botswana e ne ya iponela karolo e kgolo ya letseno la meepo. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano, morago ga gore go bonale sentle gore meepo eno e ne e ntsha dipoelo go le kana kang, puso e ne ya buisana gape ka tumalano ya meepo ya diteemane go itlhomamisetsa 50% ya lotseno. Ka bogare jwa dingwaga tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgoo a robabongwe masome a supa, Botswana o ne a na le [[kaboyamadi e e fitileng]]. Puso e ne ya dirisa [[madi ao]] go beeletsa thata mo go atoloseng [[ditlhabololo]], [[tlhokomelo ya kalafi]] le tsamaiso ya [[thuto]], mme seno sa felela ka tlhabololo e nngwe ya itsholelo. Segolobogolo, puso e ne ya beeletsa mo metsweding e mengwe ya [[kgolo ya itsholelo]]. Madirelo a dikgomo a ne e thusiwa thata, ka puso e ne ya dira gore lefelo le le nosi la [[matlhabelo a dikgomo]] [[e nne la puso]] mme ya aga a mangwe a mabedi, e thusiwa thata ke ditirelo tsa [[kalafi ya diphologolo]], [[mekento]] le go aga terata ya dikgomo. E ne ya tlhoma [[Botswana Meat Commission]] jaaka morekisi a le esi wa nama ya kgomo mo lefatsheng leo, ya tlhoma ditlhwatlhwa le go rekisa nama ya kgomo kwa mebarakeng ya dikgaolo le ya boditšhabatšhaba. Ka tshereganyo e e tlhamaletseng ya ga Khama, e ne ya buisana ka tumalano ya kgwebisano e e nang le poelo le [[Setšhaba sa Itsholelo sa Yuropa]], mme ya bona ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa godimo thata ga maemo a lefatshe. Khama gape o ne a etelela pele letsholo la setshaba la go kokoanya madi go aga setheo sa ntlha sa thuto e kgolwane mo Botswana, se se neng sa felela ka gore go tlhomiwe [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana|Yunibesithi ya Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi, morago ga loso lwa ga Khama.^{[<nowiki/>[[go tlhokega nopolo]]]} [[Botswana Development Corporation]] e ne ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa go ngoka [[dipeeletso tsa kwa ntle]] mo temong ya dijalo, [[bojanala]], le mo [[lephateng la bobedi]]. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borataro, [[Botswana pula|pula ya Botswana]] e ne ya tlhagisiwa, ya emisetsa [[Ranta|ranta ya Aforika Borwa]] jaaka madi a bosetšhaba.<ref name=":5" /><ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Botswana.aspx "Botswana facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Botswana"]. ''Encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 21 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ntlha ya boineelo jwa ga Khama mo tlhabololong, go ne ga dirisiwa madi a mannye thata mo tshireletsong, mme kwa tshimologong go ne ga tlhamiwa sepodisi se sennye sa sesole mo boemong jwa sesole.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151102090611/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19760603&id=yKIyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tO0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=854,1465032 "Ottawa Citizen - Google News Archive Search"]. Archived from [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19760603&id=yKIyAAAAIBAJ&pg=854,1465032 the original] on 2 November 2015.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga go tlhaselwa gangwe le gape ke masole a [[Sesole sa Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa]] le [[Sesole sa Rhodesia|Rhodesia]], [[Sesole sa Botswana|Sesole sa Tshireletso sa Botswana]] se ne sa tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bosupa e le sesole se sennye sa seporofešenale. Mo lephateng la [[melao ya mafatshe a sele]], Khama o ne a le kelotlhoko mo dipolotiking mme a sa letle ditlhopha tsa dirukutlhi go dira di le mo teng ga Botswana. Go ya ka Richard Dale, .<blockquote>Puso ya ga Khama e ne e na le taolo ya go dira jalo ka ntlha ya molao wa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le boraro wa Thibelo ya Tirisodikgoka kwa Moseja, mme beke morago ga boipuso, Sir Seretse Khama o ne a itsise fa pele ga [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana]] molao wa puso ya gagwe wa go netefatsa gore Botswana ga e kitla e nna lefelo la ditiro tsa go tlhasela moagisanyi ope.<ref>Dale, Richard. ''Botswana's Search for Autonomy in Southern Africa.'' Westport: Greenwood Press, 1995: 50</ref></blockquote>Pelenyana fela ga loso lwa gagwe, Khama o ne a nna le seabe se segolo mo dipuisanong tsa bokhutlo jwa [[ntwa ya selegae ya Rhodesia]] le go tlhamiwa le boipuso jwa [[Zimbabwe]] jo bo neng jwa nna teng, le go tlhamiwa ga [[Kokoano ya Kgokaganyo ya Tlhabololo ya Aforika Borwa]].<ref>Boddy, Alistair. "Biography of the African Statesman: Sir Seretse Khama". ''Africanhistory.about.com''. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> Khama o ne a tlhophiwa gape makgetlho a le mararo ka ntlha ya gore BDP e ne ya fenya ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borobabongwe , ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bone le ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borobabongwe bonolo fela.<ref>Polhemus, James H. (1983). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/160817 "Botswana Votes: Parties and Elections in an African Democracy"]. ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''21''' (3): 397–430. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0022278X00023491|10.1017/S0022278X00023491]]. ISSN 0022-278X. JSTOR 160817. S2CID 154524876.</ref> Mo Botswana, bontlhopheng ba Khuduthamaga ya Botswana ba bolela gore ba tshegetsa mang go nna tautona fa ba tsenya dipampiri tsa bone tsa go tlhophiwa, mme ntlhopheng wa botautona yo o nang le bontsi jwa ditshegetso o tlhophiwa ka go itirisa. O ne a busa ka bontsi jo bogolo thata mo pakeng yotlhe ya gagwe, a sa lebane le maloko a palamente a kganetso a a fetang supa.^{[<nowiki/>[[go tlhokega nopolo]]]} ==Loso== Mo dingwageng di le mmalwa pele ga loso lwa gagwe, botsogo jwa ga Khama bo ne jwa senyega. O ne a tshwerwe ka bolwetse jwa pelo le jwa diphilo. Ka ngwaga wa skete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro o ne a lemogilwe gore o na le [[bolwetse jwa sukiri]].<ref>[https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/president-seretse-khama "President Seretse Khama | South African History Online"]. ''www.sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borataro , o ne a dirwa karo ya pelo kwa [[Johannesburg]] go tsenngwa [[sedirisiwa se se thusang pelo]]. Go tloga ka nako eo go ya pele, o ne a tsamaya ka difofane kgapetsakgapetsa go ya kwa [[Lontone]] go ya go bona kalafi. Ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa sekeet makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi, fa Khama a ne a alafiwa kwa Lontone, go ne ga lemogiwa gore o na le [[kankere ya pancreas]] e e neng e ka bolaya. O ne a boela gae morago ga go tlhomamisiwa gore ga go na kalafi e e ka kgonegang.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160124094719/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19800707&id=zVsxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nKQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3402,3227920&hl=en "The Montreal Gazette - Google News Archive Search"]. Archived from [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19800707&id=zVsxAAAAIBAJ&pg=3402,3227920&hl=en the original] on 24 January 2016.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160124073657/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19800630&id=3VQ0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=abkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1165,3836941&hl=en "The Montreal Gazette - Google News Archive Search"]. Archived from [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19800630&id=3VQ0AAAAIBAJ&pg=1165,3836941&hl=en the original] on 24 January 2016.</ref> Khama o tlhokafetse mo borokong ka Phukwi a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa seket makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi mosadi wa gagwe a le teng kwa Botswana.<ref>[[:en:Seretse_Khama#CITEREFAkyeampongGates2012|Akyeampong & Gates 2012]], p. 359.</ref> Morago ga loso lwa gagwe, Khama o ne a tlhatlhangwa ke Mothusa Tautona [[Quett Masire]]. Batho ba le dikete di le masome a mane ba ne ba tlotla Khama jaaka setopo sa gagwe [[se ne se rapaletse]] kwa Gaborone. O fitlhilwe kwa Mabitleng a Segosi mo thoteng kwa [[Serowe]], [[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Kgaolo ya Legare]].<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou, Thomas]]; Parsons, Neil; Henderson, Willie (1995). ''Seretse Khama, 1921–1980''. Braamfontein: [[:en:Macmillan_Publishers|Macmillan]] Boleswa. pp. 391–2. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/99912-60-31-5|99912-60-31-5]]</bdi>.</ref> == Boswa == [[Setshwantsho:The First Daimler limousine used by President Sir Seretse Khama.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Limousine ya ntlha ya Daimler e e neng e dirisiwa ke Tautona Sir Seretse Khama]] Dingwaga di le masome mabedi le boferabobedi morago ga loso lwa ga Khama, [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|morwawe Ian]] o ne a tlhatlhama [[Festus Mogae]] jaaka tautona wa bone wa Botswana;<ref name=":6" /> mo [[ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa 2009]] o ne a fenya ka phenyo e e boitshegang.<ref name=":6" /> Ka ngwaga oo, ngwana wa gagwe yo mmotlana, [[Tshekedi Khama II]], o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mopalamente go tswa kwa [[Serowe]] Bokone Bophirima. Ian Khama o tlogetse tiro ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi .<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-politics-idUSKBN1H70DO "Botswana's Khama steps down as president after a decade at helm"]. ''Reuters''. 31 March 2018. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Sir Seretse Khama International Airport|Maemelodifofane a Boditšhabatšhaba a Sir Seretse Khama]], maemelodifofane a magolo a Botswana, a ne a reelelwa ka Khama mme a bulwa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bone .<ref>[https://www.caab.co.bw/sir-seretse-khama-international-airport/#:~:text=This%20airport%20was%20opened%20in,%2FB%2FW%2FT. "Sir Seretse Khama International Airport"]. ''Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana''. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> Filimi ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro ya ''[[A United Kingdom]]'', e e neng e laotswe ke [[Amma Asante]] mme e kwadilwe ke [[Guy Hibbert]], e ne e anela kgang ya dikganetsano tse di neng di le teng mo lenyalong la ga Khama. E ne e tshamekiwa ke [[David Oyelowo]] jaaka Khama le [[Rosamund Pike]] jaaka Ruth Williams.<ref>Fullerton, Huw (25 November 2016). [https://www.radiotimes.com/movies/how-accurate-is-david-oyelowos-a-united-kingdom/ "How accurate is David Oyelowo's A United Kingdom?"]. ''www.radiotimes.com''. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> Go feta foo, go ile ga akantshiwa gape gore botsalano jwa ga Sir Seretse le Mohumagadi Khama bo tlhotlheleditse bakwadi ba filimi e e fentseng [[Oscar]] ya ''[[Guess Who's Coming to Dinner]]'', e e neng e tshamekiwa ke [[Spencer Tracy]], [[Katharine Hepburn]] le [[Sidney Poitier]].<ref>Brozan, Nadine (16 February 2006), [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/16/international/africa/16appiah.html "Peggy Appiah, 84, Author Who Bridged Two Cultures, Dies"], ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]''.</ref> Khama o umakiwa gangwe le gape mo dibukeng tsa ''[[The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency]]'' ka [[Alexander McCall Smith]].<ref>Counihan, Clare (2011). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44029511 "Detecting Outside History in ''The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency''"]. ''Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal''. '''44''' (2): 101–118. ISSN 0027-1276. JSTOR 44029511.</ref> Mma Ramotswe, moanelwamogolo wa motseletsele oo, o mo kgatlhegela thata, o mo bapisa le [[Nelson Mandela]] mme o ikotlhaela thata ntlha ya gore ga a itsege thata jaana lefatshe ka bophara. ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Khama, Seretse}} [[Category:Tautona wa Botswana]] ski455pldqu7ybn97i50te7rd62pl9h 2 2893 54238 12313 2026-08-21T06:40:08Z ~2026-45716-72 13095 Botswana, Fatshe la rona. 54238 wikitext text/x-wiki Botswana Botswana ke lefatshe lere ipelang ka lone,le na le metse le metsana e mo go yone go senang metsi mme le gale e mengwe e tlhabologile. Botswana mo nakong ya gompieno ke lefatshe le le godileng ebile le tlhabologileng mo mehameng e tshwana le ya meepo, polotiki le dithuto. Lefatshe le, le itsega thata ka go ntsha ditswammung tse di boleng jo bo godimo bogolo jang Teemane le kopore. Re bona le mo mehameng ya metshameko Botswana a iphitlhela a le mo leemong le le ntle thata mo go tsa mabelo. 29zf6w19fdeq72sh8j9y4xxzm1q7ef2 0 14291 54236 52042 2026-08-21T01:14:28Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54236 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:James Peace in the park in Wiesbaden.jpg|thumb|313x313px|James Peace mo phakeng ya Wiesbaden]] '''Kenneth James Peace''' o tsholetswe kwa Paisley, ka Lwetse 28, 1963. Ke motlhami wa mmino wa Scotland, moletsi wa piano wa dikhonsarata le motaki wa ditshwantsho. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == James Peace o tsholetswe kwa Paisley, kwa Scotland, ka 28 Lwetse, 1963. O ne a nna bontsi jwa nako ya gagwe ya bongwana kwa Helensburgh, e leng lefelo la boikhutso le le fa thoko ga lewatle kwa bophirima jwa Scotland.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110527164145/http://www.wiesbadener-tagblatt.de/region/wiesbaden/meldungen/10206548.htm Birgitta Lamparth. "Keine ‘stacheligen’ Klänge", Wiesbadener Tagblatt (Gurannḓa ya Dzheremane), Ḽa 10 Ṱhafamuhwe, 2011]</ref><ref name=":1">Julia Anderton. "Tango wie eine süß-saure Geschichte". Wiesbadener Kurier (Gurannḓa ya Dzheremane). Ḽa 24 Ṱhafamuhwe, 2012</ref><ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20240523121450/https://hojaderutadigital.mx/una-entrevista-al-compositor-james-peace/ Soledad Carrizo-Araya. "Una entrevista al compositor James Peace". Hoja de Ruta Digital. Nyendavhusiku 2022]</ref> Baelapa la gagwe ba ne ba na le batsweretshi ba le bantsi (ka sekai John McGhie), mme gape o losika le Felix Burns, motlhami yo o tumileng wa mmino wa go tantshe mo halofong ya ntlha ya Lekgolo la^bo-20 la dingwaga.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">Sabine Klein. "Meine Musik ist wie ich - sehr romantisch". Frankfurter Rundschau (Gurannḓa ya Dzheremane), 1992, khandiso ya 254, siaṱari 2</ref> O ne a rutwa go tshameka piano go tloga a le dingwaga di le robedi mme tiragatso ya gagwe ya ntlha phatlalatsa e ne ya diragala fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le bonè, a diragatsa mmino wa ga Scott Joplin.<ref name=":2" /> Fa a le dingwaga di le lesomethataro o ne a amogelwa kwa sekolong sa Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama (se jaanong se bidiwang: Royal Conservatoire of Scotland) e le moithuti yo mmotlana go gaisa baithuti ba nako e e tletseng botlhe ba ba kileng ba nna gone.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">G. Müller. "Die Seele des Klaviers tanzt Tango". Kulturspiegel Wetterau (imagazini e-Germany). Ḽa 17 Ṱhafamuhwe, 2001, siaṱar 5</ref> Ka 1983 o ne a aloga kwa Yunibesithing ya Glasgow ka dikirii ya BA ya go ruta piano. Ngwaga o o latelang o ne a amogela dipoloma ya mmino morago ga go tshameka Konsarata ya Piano No.1 ya ga Mendelssohn le setlhopha sa mmino sa RSAMD.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Fa a sena go tlogela dithuto tsa semmuso o ne a batliwa thata jaaka moletsi wa piano mme o ne a nna kwa Edinburgh ka 1988-1991.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">"James Peace". ''FRIZZ'' (Magazini wa Dzheremane). Phando 2001, ​​siaṱari 5</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Tango Milonga op. 26.wav|thumb|Tango Milonga op. 26]] [[Setshwantsho:Tango XVIII by James Peace (James Peace, piano).wav|thumb|Tango XVIII ka James Peace (James Peace, piano)]] James Peace o ne a nna kwa Bad Nauheim, kwa Jeremane go tloga ka 1991-2009.<ref>Manfred Merz. "Virtuose, gefühlsbetonte Welt der Romantik", Wetterauer Zeitung (Gurannḓa ya Dzheremane). Ḽa 12 Khubvumedzi, 1992, siaṱari 19</ref><ref>"James Peace". The Tango Times (Magazini wa ngei New York). ​​Nomboro ya khandiso: 2002/2003 (39). siaṱari 1 - 5</ref> Go tloga ka 1998 o ne a ithutela tango, a tlhagisa CD ya ''Scottish Tango'' ya ditlhamo tsa gagwe tsa piano tse di tlhotlheleditsweng ke tango, mme ka 2002 o ne a nna leloko le le tlotlegang la Kholetšhe ya Mmino ya Victoria.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6">[https://search.nls.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=44NLS_ALMA21615957400004341&context=L&vid=44NLS_VU1&lang=en_US&search_scope=SCOPE1&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&query=any,contains,Tango%20escoc%C3%A9s&mode=basic National Library of Scotland. ''Tango escocés'']</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |url=https://pad.philharmoniedeparis.fr/pad/doc/ALOES/0795887/tango-escoces-scottish-tango-k-james-peace-comp-piano |title=Philharmonie de Paris. ''Tango escocés'' |access-date=2026-07-04 |archive-date=2025-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250928140339/https://pad.philharmoniedeparis.fr/pad/doc/ALOES/0795887/tango-escoces-scottish-tango-k-james-peace-comp-piano |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":8">[https://www.muziekweb.nl/Link/KHX3103/Tango-escoc%C3%A9s de bibliotheek. ''Tango escocés''] </ref><ref name=":9">"James Peace". La Cadena (Magazini wa Ludatshi). Khubvumedzi 2002, siaṱari 26</ref> Mo go one ngwaga oo o ne a ya kwa maetong a dikhonsarata a le esi kwa bokone jwa Jeremane ka Lwetse/Diphalane le kwa Botlhaba jo bo Kgakala ka Ngwanatsele, a dira tiragatso ya gagwe ya ntlha ya ''Tango XVII'' kwa [[Hong Kong]].<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /><ref>''TangoTang'', Hong Kong (香港). Gurannḓa ya mafhungo, Ḽa 8 Tshimedzi, 2002</ref><ref>"James Peace". 南華早報 (Gurannḓa ya Hong Kong). Ḽa 9 Tshimedzi, 2002</ref> Mo dingwageng tse di latelang o ne a diragatsa thata kwa [[Yuropa]]. O kile a diragatsa di-tango tsa gagwe kwa ditoropongkgolo tse di latelang: Amsterdam, Athens,<ref>Tshibugwana tsha mbekanyamushumo ya khontsathi ''{Για σένα Αγγελική}''. Athene, ḽa 27 Lambamai, 2016</ref> Berlin,<ref>Tangodanza (Magazini wa Dzheremane). Nomboro ya khandiso: 1/2002 - 9</ref> Brussels, Helsinki,<ref>Phosiṱara ya u phaḓaladza (lwendo lwa khontsathi lwa Finland, 2014)</ref> Lisbon,<ref name=":2" /><ref>Phosiṱara ya u phaḓaladza (lwendo lwa khontsathi lwa Portugal, 2016)</ref> London, [[Madrid]],<ref name=":2" /><ref>Phosiṱara ya u phaḓaladza (lwendo lwa khontsathi lwa Spain: ''¡Feliz Cincuenta Cumpleaños - 2013!'')</ref> Oslo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241208042729/https://listen.no/event/konsert-kl-13-00-james-peace-flygel-tangos-romanticos-musikk-av-peace-piazzolla-albeniz-utstillingssalene-er-stengt Listen.no. James Peace (flygel). Munch Museet. Oslo. Ḽa 16 Tshimedzi, 2004]</ref> Reykjavík<ref>[https://www.mbl.is/greinasafn/grein/823608/ Ríkarður Ö. Pálsson. "Skozkir Slaghörputangoár". Morgunblaðið (gurannḓa ya ngei Iceland). Ḽa Tshimedzi 14 , 2004]</ref> le Vienna.<ref>Tshibugwana tsha mbekanyamushumo ya khontsathi (Vienna). Ḽa 23 Phando, 2005</ref> [[Setshwantsho:James Peace - Idylls Op.4b.webm|center|thumb|330x330px|James Peace - Idylls Op.4b]] Ka 2008 o ne a nna leloko le le tlotlegang la Kholetšhe ya Mmino ya London e le go mo lebogela ditirelo tsa gagwe mo tango.<ref name=":10">[https://search.nls.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?vid=44NLS_VU1&tab=default_tab&docid=44NLS_ALMA21438757900004341&lang=en_US&context=L&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&query=any,contains,K.%20James%20Peace&mode=basic National Library of Scotland. ''K. James Peace in Wiesbaden'']</ref><ref name=":11">[https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=idn%3D1022200380 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. ''K. James Peace in Wiesbaden'']</ref><ref name=":12">[https://whittakerlive.blogspot.com/2012/05/new-dvd-interview-with-wiesbaden.html Whittaker Live. "Wiesbadener Highlander K. James Peace - New DVD"]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Cover page, Eternal Song Op.32 by James Peace (study score).png|thumb|319x319px|Tsebe ya khabara, Pina e e sa Khutleng Op.32 ka James Peace (maduo a thuto)]] Morago ga nako e khutshwane kwa Edinburgh o ne a boela kwa Jeremane ka Tlhakole 2010 go ya go nna kwa Wiesbaden.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Seno se ne sa dira gore a tlhotlheletsege go tlhama dilo tse disha mme a dira difilimi tse dikhutshwane tsa ditlhamo dingwe tsa gagwe. Filimi ya dokumentari ya '' K. James Peace kwa Wiesbaden'' ke nngwe ya ditiro tsa gagwe mo mofuteng ono.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" /> == Mekgele le Diawate == ●     Sekgele sa Ntlha, ''Agnes Millar Prize''. Glasgow, 1983<ref name=":4" /> ●      Sekgele sa Ntlha, ''Dunbartonshire EIS Prize''. Glasgow, 1984<ref name=":4" /> ●      Sekgele sa Ntlha, ''Sibelius Essay Prize''. Glasgow, 1985<ref name=":4" /> ●     Dipoloma ya Tlotlo, ''TIM International Composition Competition''. Rome, 2000<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> ●      Dipoloma ya Tlotlo, ''IBLA Foundation''. New York, 2002<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> [[Setshwantsho:Eternal Song Op.32 by James Peace (bars 602 - 606).pdf|thumb|294x294px|Pina e e sa khutleng Op.32 ka James Kagiso (dibara 602 - 606)]] ●     Mentlele ya Segopotso, ''International Piano Duo Association''. Tokyo, 2002<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipda-pianoduo.com/composition-concour-list-english.html |title=International Piano Duo Association (東京), Tokyo. Mutevhe wa vhawini vha pfufho nga 2002 |access-date=2026-07-04 |archive-date=2020-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527164059/http://www.ipda-pianoduo.com/composition-concour-list-english.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ●     Mmentlele wa Gauta, ''Académie Internationale de Lutèce''. Paris, 2008<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Ditlhamokgolo == ●     Lephothophoto (The Waterfall)<ref>Hessisches Staatstheater. Tshibugwana tsha khontsathi nga dzi 12 na dzi 19 dza Khubvumedzi, 2021</ref> ●     Idylls ●     Pina a a Monate ya mo Mosong (Aubade)<ref>University of Adelaide Music Library (Barr Smith Library). Aubade no. 1 for cor anglais and string orchestra</ref> ●      Dikeledi ka Tidimalo (Lento Lacrimoso) ●     Matlhare a a Lebetsweng (Forgotten Leaves)<ref>[https://catalogue.bl.uk/nde/fulldisplay?query=forgotten%20leaves%20op%2012%20for%20cello%20and%20orchestra&tab=Everything&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&vid=44BL_MAIN:BLL01_NDE&lang=en&docid=alma990082963650109251&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&context=L&isFrbr=false&isHighlightedRecord=false&state= British Library. Forgotten Leaves : op. 12, for cello and orchestra]</ref> ●     Oboe Sonata<ref>[https://catalogue.bl.uk/nde/fulldisplay?query=Sonata%20for%20oboe%20and%20piano%20op.16&tab=Everything&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&vid=44BL_MAIN:BLL01_NDE&lang=en&docid=alma990082969210109251&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&context=L&isFrbr=false&isHighlightedRecord=false&state= British Library. Oboe sonata, op. 16]</ref> ●     Ballad<ref>[https://catalogue.bl.uk/nde/fulldisplay?query=Ballade%20op.18&tab=Everything&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&vid=44BL_MAIN:BLL01_NDE&lang=en&docid=alma990082963220109251&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&context=L&isFrbr=false&isHighlightedRecord=false&state= British Library. Ballade no.1 : in c major : op.18.]</ref> ●     Mogwanto wa Mokete (Ceremonial March) no.1<ref>[https://catalogue.bl.uk/nde/fulldisplay?query=ceremonial%20march%20no%201%20for%20organ%20and%20orchestra%20op%2019&tab=Everything&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&vid=44BL_MAIN:BLL01_NDE&lang=en&docid=alma990082969030109251&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&context=L&isFrbr=false&isHighlightedRecord=false&state= British Library. Ceremonial march no.1: for organ and orchestra : op. 19]</ref> ●      Mogwanto wa Mokete (Ceremonial March) no.2<ref>[https://catalogue.bl.uk/nde/fulldisplay?query=ceremonial%20march%20no%202%20for%20orchestra%20op%2023&tab=Everything&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&vid=44BL_MAIN:BLL01_NDE&lang=en&docid=alma990082968580109251&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&context=L&isFrbr=false&isHighlightedRecord=false&state= British Library. Ceremonial march no.2 : for orchestra : op. 23]</ref> ●     Gouta ya Letlhafula (Autumn Gold)<ref>"Violine schwebt über das Orchester". Schwäbische Post (Gurannḓa ya Dzheremane). Ḽa 4 Fulwi, 1998</ref><ref>[https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17035044k <nowiki>National Library of France. [Autumn gold. Op. 25b]. Arr. pour violon et piano</nowiki>]</ref><ref>[https://catalogue.bl.uk/nde/fulldisplay?query=Autumn%20gold%20op.25&tab=Everything&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&vid=44BL_MAIN:BLL01_NDE&lang=en&docid=alma990082968420109251&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&context=L&isFrbr=false&isHighlightedRecord=false&state= British Library. Autumn gold : for clarinet and string orchestra : op. 25]</ref> ●     Pina ya Bosakhutleng (Eternal Song)<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://catalogue.bl.uk/nde/fulldisplay?query=Eternal%20Song%20op.32&tab=Everything&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&vid=44BL_MAIN:BLL01_NDE&lang=en&docid=alma990133856020109251&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&context=L&isFrbr=false&isHighlightedRecord=false&state= British Library. Eternal Song : for soprano and orchestra : op.32]</ref><ref>[https://search.nls.uk/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9935400923804341&context=L&vid=44NLS_INST:44NLS_VU1&lang=en&search_scope=MainCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&query=any,contains,James%20peace&mode=basic National Library of Scotland. ''Eternal Song Op.32, Peace, K. James'']</ref> ●     "Ya Georgia" (puo ya Segeorgia: საქართველოსთვის) ●     Ditango di le 24<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" /><ref>[https://catalogue.bl.uk/nde/fulldisplay?query=tangos%20for%20piano%20op%2013&tab=Everything&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&vid=44BL_MAIN:BLL01_NDE&lang=en&docid=alma990082974750109251&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&context=L&isFrbr=false&isHighlightedRecord=false&state= British Library. Tangos for piano op. 13]</ref><ref>[https://catalogue.bl.uk/nde/fulldisplay?query=tangos%20for%20piano%20op%2017&tab=Everything&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&vid=44BL_MAIN:BLL01_NDE&lang=en&docid=alma990082969810109251&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&context=L&isFrbr=false&isHighlightedRecord=false&state= British Library. Tangos for piano op.17]</ref><ref>[https://catalogue.bl.uk/nde/fulldisplay?query=tangos%20for%20piano%20op%2029&tab=Everything&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&vid=44BL_MAIN:BLL01_NDE&lang=en&docid=alma990082969820109251&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&context=L&isFrbr=false&isHighlightedRecord=false&state= British Library. Tangos for piano op.29]</ref><ref>[https://catalogue.bl.uk/nde/fulldisplay?query=tangos%20for%20piano%20op%2033&tab=Everything&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&vid=44BL_MAIN:BLL01_NDE&lang=en&docid=alma990082969300109251&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&context=L&isFrbr=false&isHighlightedRecord=false&state= British Library. Tangos for piano op.33]</ref><ref>[https://search.nls.uk/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9941548033804341&context=L&vid=44NLS_INST:44NLS_VU1&lang=en&search_scope=MainCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=MainCatalogue&query=any,contains,Tango%20for%20piano,%20K.%20James%20Peace&offset=0 National Library of Scotland. Tangos for piano op.17, Peace, K. James]</ref><ref>[https://search.nls.uk/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9941547953804341&context=L&vid=44NLS_INST:44NLS_VU1&lang=en&search_scope=MainCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&query=any,contains,James%20peace&mode=basic National Library of Scotland. Tangos for piano op.33, Peace, K. James]</ref><ref>[https://catalogue.bl.uk/nde/fulldisplay?query=K.%20James%20Peace&tab=Everything&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&vid=44BL_MAIN:BLL01_NDE&lang=en&docid=alma990082968570109251&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&context=L&isFrbr=false&isHighlightedRecord=false&state= British Library. Souvenir de Buenos Aires : arr. for string orchestra]</ref><ref>[https://www.britishviolasociety.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Latest-news-from-the-British-Viola-Society.-August-2023-compressed.pdf British Viola Society Newsletter, Thangule, 2023] </ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240522135254/https://hojaderutadigital.mx/una-corta-historia-del-tango/ Hoja de Ruta Digital, México. "Una corta historia del tango". Ḽa 22 Ṱhafamuhwe, 2022]</ref> == Dikgokagano tsa kwa ntle == ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSX1c8EUukg&list=RDsSX1c8EUukg&start_radio=1 Souvenir de Buenos Aires - youtube]'' ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcMRNnwNJhk&list=RDZcMRNnwNJhk&start_radio=1 Lento Lacrimoso - youtube]'' ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VKxG2dmQn4&list=RD_VKxG2dmQn4&start_radio=1 Autumn Gold - youtube]'' == Dirferense == <references /> [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] ajf8e183qxu24lm57xuibrxit51b6ko 0 14892 54229 54228 2026-08-20T12:11:53Z P'kaytee 12489 Added paragraphs 54229 wikitext text/x-wiki Maatla a a fitlhileng a ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi. Maatla a a fitlhegileng a ditshwetso tsa Letsatsi le Letsatsi ke kgopolo e e sekasekang kafa ditshwetso tse di tlwaelegileng tse di dirwang mo botshelong jotlhe jwa letsatsi le letsatsi di ka tlhotlheletsang maitsholo a motho ka iketlo ka gone, kgolo ya gagwe, le boleng jwa botshelo ka kakaretso. E akantsha gore ditiro tse dinnye tse di boaboelediwang ka metlha di ka baka ditlamorago tse di nang le bokao tsa paka e telele mo dikarolong tse di jaaka thuto, boitekanelo, botsalano, tiro, le go tsaya karolo mo setšhabeng. Kgopolo eno e golagane le dirutwa tse di jaaka thutotlhaloganyo, saense ya boitshwaro le go dira ditshwetso. Tlhaloso Kgopolo eno e tlhoma mogopolo mo go reng ditshwetso tse di lebegang di le dinnye di ka tlhotlheletsa jang mekgwa, botho jwa motho le dikgonagalo tsa mo isagweng mmogo. Ditlhopho tsa letsatsi le letsatsi di ka akaretsa kafa batho ba rulaganyang nako ya bone ka gone, ba buisanang le ba bangwe, ba dirisang madi sentle, ba atamela go ithuta le go boloka mekgwa ya bone ya botshelo. Lemorago Go dira ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi go ile ga sekasekwa mo dikarolong tse di jaaka thutotlhaloganyo le ikonomi ya boitshwaro. Dithuto tsa boitshwaro jwa batho di bontsha gore ditiro tse di boaboelediwang di ka nna mekgwa e e tlhotlheletsang boitshwaro le tiro ya mo isagweng. Ka jalo kgopolo eno e amana le go nna le mekgwa, go itaola le go tokafatsa motho ka iketlo. Dipharologantsho Kgopolo eno gantsi e amanngwa le go tlhomama, go lemoga ditlamorago, go nna le boikarabelo jwa motho ka namana, go akanya ka mekgele le go kgona go tlwaela maemo a a fetogang. Diponagalo tseno di tlhagisa botlhokwa jwa go akanyetsa ditshwetso tsa ka bonako le ditlamorago tsa tsone tse di ka nnang teng tsa nako e telele. Susumetsa Tlhotlheletso ya ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi e ka lemogwa mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng tsa botshelo. Mo thutong, go ithuta ka metlha, go tsena ditlelase le go tsaya karolo ka matlhagatlhaga go ka tshegetsa tlhabololo ya thuto le go ithuta botshelo jotlhe. Mo boitekanelong, ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tse di amanang le dikotla, go itshidila mmele, go ikhutsa le mekgwa e mengwe ya botshelo di ka tlhotlheletsa boitekanelo ka kakaretso. Mo tirong, ditlhopho tse di akaretsang go tshwara nako, puisano, go dira mmogo ka setlhopha le boitshwaro jo bo siameng di ka ama botsalano jwa seporofešenale le go tlhabolola tiro. Mo setšhabeng, ditiro tse di jaaka go ithaopa, go sireletsa tikologo, go tlotla ba bangwe le go ema maiteko a baagi nokeng di ka thusa mo go nneng le itekanelo mo setšhabeng. Kgalo Bakanoki bangwe ba bolela gore go tlhoma mogopolo thata mo ditlhophong tsa motho ka bongwe go ka nna ga tlhokomologa maemo a a kwa ntle a a tlhotlheletsang ditshwetso le ditshono tsa batho. Maemo a ikonomi, go sa lekalekane ga batho, ditsamaiso tsa thuto, maemo a lelapa le melao ya puso tsotlhe di ka ama ditlhopho tse batho ka bongwe ba nang le tsone. Go tswa mo ponong e, ditshwetso tsa motho ka namana di botlhokwa mme di tshwanetse go tlhaloganngwa mmogo le mabaka a a anameng a loago le popego. 75dg89q4ryaweifsq4vv4qfzel3aod9 54230 54229 2026-08-20T12:38:35Z P'kaytee 12489 Added a reference 54230 wikitext text/x-wiki Maatla a a fitlhileng a ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi. Maatla a a fitlhegileng a ditshwetso tsa Letsatsi le Letsatsi ke kgopolo e e sekasekang kafa ditshwetso tse di tlwaelegileng tse di dirwang mo botshelong jotlhe jwa letsatsi le letsatsi di ka tlhotlheletsang maitsholo a motho ka iketlo ka gone, kgolo ya gagwe, le boleng jwa botshelo ka kakaretso. E akantsha gore ditiro tse dinnye tse di boaboelediwang ka metlha di ka baka ditlamorago tse di nang le bokao tsa paka e telele mo dikarolong tse di jaaka thuto, boitekanelo, botsalano, tiro, le go tsaya karolo mo setšhabeng. Kgopolo eno e golagane le dirutwa tse di jaaka thutotlhaloganyo, saense ya boitshwaro le go dira ditshwetso. Tlhaloso Kgopolo eno e tlhoma mogopolo mo go reng ditshwetso tse di lebegang di le dinnye di ka tlhotlheletsa jang mekgwa, botho jwa motho le dikgonagalo tsa mo isagweng mmogo. Ditlhopho tsa letsatsi le letsatsi di ka akaretsa kafa batho ba rulaganyang nako ya bone ka gone, ba buisanang le ba bangwe, ba dirisang madi sentle, ba atamela go ithuta le go boloka mekgwa ya bone ya botshelo. Lemorago Go dira ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi go ile ga sekasekwa mo dikarolong tse di jaaka thutotlhaloganyo le ikonomi ya boitshwaro. Dithuto tsa boitshwaro jwa batho di bontsha gore ditiro tse di boaboelediwang di ka nna mekgwa e e tlhotlheletsang boitshwaro le tiro ya mo isagweng. Ka jalo kgopolo eno e amana le go nna le mekgwa, go itaola le go tokafatsa motho ka iketlo. Dipharologantsho Kgopolo eno gantsi e amanngwa le go tlhomama, go lemoga ditlamorago, go nna le boikarabelo jwa motho ka namana, go akanya ka mekgele le go kgona go tlwaela maemo a a fetogang. Diponagalo tseno di tlhagisa botlhokwa jwa go akanyetsa ditshwetso tsa ka bonako le ditlamorago tsa tsone tse di ka nnang teng tsa nako e telele. Susumetsa Tlhotlheletso ya ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi e ka lemogwa mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng tsa botshelo. Mo thutong, go ithuta ka metlha, go tsena ditlelase le go tsaya karolo ka matlhagatlhaga go ka tshegetsa tlhabololo ya thuto le go ithuta botshelo jotlhe. Mo boitekanelong, ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tse di amanang le dikotla, go itshidila mmele, go ikhutsa le mekgwa e mengwe ya botshelo di ka tlhotlheletsa boitekanelo ka kakaretso. Mo tirong, ditlhopho tse di akaretsang go tshwara nako, puisano, go dira mmogo ka setlhopha le boitshwaro jo bo siameng di ka ama botsalano jwa seporofešenale le go tlhabolola tiro. Mo setšhabeng, ditiro tse di jaaka go ithaopa, go sireletsa tikologo, go tlotla ba bangwe le go ema maiteko a baagi nokeng di ka thusa mo go nneng le itekanelo mo setšhabeng. Kgalo Bakanoki bangwe ba bolela gore go tlhoma mogopolo thata mo ditlhophong tsa motho ka bongwe go ka nna ga tlhokomologa maemo a a kwa ntle a a tlhotlheletsang ditshwetso le ditshono tsa batho. Maemo a ikonomi, go sa lekalekane ga batho, ditsamaiso tsa thuto, maemo a lelapa le melao ya puso tsotlhe di ka ama ditlhopho tse batho ka bongwe ba nang le tsone. Go tswa mo ponong e, ditshwetso tsa motho ka namana di botlhokwa mme di tshwanetse go tlhaloganngwa mmogo le mabaka a a anameng a loago le popego. Ditshupiso # Clear, J. (2018). Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones. Avery. https://jamesclear.com/atomic-habits # Wood, W., & Neal, D. T. (2007). A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface. Psychological Review, 114(4), 843–863. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17907866/ # Duhigg, C. (2012). The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business. Random House. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/202855/the-power-of-habit-by-charles-duhigg/9780812981605/ # Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/89308/thinking-fast-and-slow-by-daniel-kahneman/ # Wood, W. (2019). Good Habits, Bad Habits: The Science of Making Positive Changes That Stick. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/wendy-wood/good-habits-bad-habits/97810350421355 # Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. Yale University Press. https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300262285/nudge/ f5ykzvdzd97c2rm6m1nx47d7dnavi9i 54231 54230 2026-08-20T12:45:24Z P'kaytee 12489 Added a reference 54231 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maatla a a fitlhileng a ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi.''' Maatla a a fitlhegileng a ditshwetso tsa Letsatsi le Letsatsi ke kgopolo e e sekasekang kafa ditshwetso tse di tlwaelegileng tse di dirwang mo botshelong jotlhe jwa letsatsi le letsatsi di ka tlhotlheletsang maitsholo a motho ka iketlo ka gone, kgolo ya gagwe, le boleng jwa botshelo ka kakaretso. E akantsha gore ditiro tse dinnye tse di boaboelediwang ka metlha di ka baka ditlamorago tse di nang le bokao tsa paka e telele mo dikarolong tse di jaaka thuto, boitekanelo, botsalano, tiro, le go tsaya karolo mo setšhabeng. Kgopolo eno e golagane le dirutwa tse di jaaka thutotlhaloganyo, saense ya boitshwaro le go dira ditshwetso.<ref>https://jamesclear.com/atomic-habits</ref> '''Tlhaloso''' Kgopolo eno e tlhoma mogopolo mo go reng ditshwetso tse di lebegang di le dinnye di ka tlhotlheletsa jang mekgwa, botho jwa motho le dikgonagalo tsa mo isagweng mmogo. Ditlhopho tsa letsatsi le letsatsi di ka akaretsa kafa batho ba rulaganyang nako ya bone ka gone, ba buisanang le ba bangwe, ba dirisang madi sentle, ba atamela go ithuta le go boloka mekgwa ya bone ya botshelo.<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17907866/</ref> '''Lemorago''' Go dira ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi go ile ga sekasekwa mo dikarolong tse di jaaka thutotlhaloganyo le ikonomi ya boitshwaro. Dithuto tsa boitshwaro jwa batho di bontsha gore ditiro tse di boaboelediwang di ka nna mekgwa e e tlhotlheletsang boitshwaro le tiro ya mo isagweng. Ka jalo kgopolo eno e amana le go nna le mekgwa, go itaola le go tokafatsa motho ka iketlo.<ref>https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/202855/the-power-of-habit-by-charles-duhigg/9780812981605/</ref> '''Dipharologantsho''' Kgopolo eno gantsi e amanngwa le go tlhomama, go lemoga ditlamorago, go nna le boikarabelo jwa motho ka namana, go akanya ka mekgele le go kgona go tlwaela maemo a a fetogang. Diponagalo tseno di tlhagisa botlhokwa jwa go akanyetsa ditshwetso tsa ka bonako le ditlamorago tsa tsone tse di ka nnang teng tsa nako e telele.<ref>https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/89308/thinking-fast-and-slow-by-daniel-kahneman/</ref> '''Susumetsa''' Tlhotlheletso ya ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi e ka lemogwa mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng tsa botshelo. Mo thutong, go ithuta ka metlha, go tsena ditlelase le go tsaya karolo ka matlhagatlhaga go ka tshegetsa tlhabololo ya thuto le go ithuta botshelo jotlhe. Mo boitekanelong, ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tse di amanang le dikotla, go itshidila mmele, go ikhutsa le mekgwa e mengwe ya botshelo di ka tlhotlheletsa boitekanelo ka kakaretso. Mo tirong, ditlhopho tse di akaretsang go tshwara nako, puisano, go dira mmogo ka setlhopha le boitshwaro jo bo siameng di ka ama botsalano jwa seporofešenale le go tlhabolola tiro. Mo setšhabeng, ditiro tse di jaaka go ithaopa, go sireletsa tikologo, go tlotla ba bangwe le go ema maiteko a baagi nokeng di ka thusa mo go nneng le itekanelo mo setšhabeng.<ref>https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/wendy-wood/good-habits-bad-habits/97810350421355</ref> '''Kgalo''' Bakanoki bangwe ba bolela gore go tlhoma mogopolo thata mo ditlhophong tsa motho ka bongwe go ka nna ga tlhokomologa maemo a a kwa ntle a a tlhotlheletsang ditshwetso le ditshono tsa batho. Maemo a ikonomi, go sa lekalekane ga batho, ditsamaiso tsa thuto, maemo a lelapa le melao ya puso tsotlhe di ka ama ditlhopho tse batho ka bongwe ba nang le tsone. Go tswa mo ponong e, ditshwetso tsa motho ka namana di botlhokwa mme di tshwanetse go tlhaloganngwa mmogo le mabaka a a anameng a loago le popego.<ref>https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300262285/nudge/</ref> '''Ditshupiso''' # Clear, J. (2018). Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones. Avery. https://jamesclear.com/atomic-habits # Wood, W., & Neal, D. T. (2007). A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface. Psychological Review, 114(4), 843–863. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17907866/ # Duhigg, C. (2012). The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business. Random House. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/202855/the-power-of-habit-by-charles-duhigg/9780812981605/ # Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/89308/thinking-fast-and-slow-by-daniel-kahneman/ # Wood, W. (2019). Good Habits, Bad Habits: The Science of Making Positive Changes That Stick. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/wendy-wood/good-habits-bad-habits/97810350421355 # Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. Yale University Press. https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300262285/nudge/ ijafx5o79w2bkkpjrwt4kwsh8i35onc 54232 54231 2026-08-20T12:51:37Z P'kaytee 12489 Added a picture 54232 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:The choice of life (IA choiceoflife00lebl).pdf|thumb|Maatla a a fitlhegileng a ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi]] '''Maatla a a fitlhegileng a ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi.''' Maatla a a fitlhegileng a ditshwetso tsa Letsatsi le Letsatsi ke kgopolo e e sekasekang kafa ditshwetso tse di tlwaelegileng tse di dirwang mo botshelong jotlhe jwa letsatsi le letsatsi di ka tlhotlheletsang maitsholo a motho ka iketlo ka gone, kgolo ya gagwe, le boleng jwa botshelo ka kakaretso. E akantsha gore ditiro tse dinnye tse di boaboelediwang ka metlha di ka baka ditlamorago tse di nang le bokao tsa paka e telele mo dikarolong tse di jaaka thuto, boitekanelo, botsalano, tiro, le go tsaya karolo mo setšhabeng. Kgopolo eno e golagane le dirutwa tse di jaaka thutotlhaloganyo, saense ya boitshwaro le go dira ditshwetso.<ref>https://jamesclear.com/atomic-habits</ref> '''Tlhaloso''' Kgopolo eno e tlhoma mogopolo mo go reng ditshwetso tse di lebegang di le dinnye di ka tlhotlheletsa jang mekgwa, botho jwa motho le dikgonagalo tsa mo isagweng mmogo. Ditlhopho tsa letsatsi le letsatsi di ka akaretsa kafa batho ba rulaganyang nako ya bone ka gone, ba buisanang le ba bangwe, ba dirisang madi sentle, ba atamela go ithuta le go boloka mekgwa ya bone ya botshelo.<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17907866/</ref> '''Lemorago''' Go dira ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi go ile ga sekasekwa mo dikarolong tse di jaaka thutotlhaloganyo le ikonomi ya boitshwaro. Dithuto tsa boitshwaro jwa batho di bontsha gore ditiro tse di boaboelediwang di ka nna mekgwa e e tlhotlheletsang boitshwaro le tiro ya mo isagweng. Ka jalo kgopolo eno e amana le go nna le mekgwa, go itaola le go tokafatsa motho ka iketlo.<ref>https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/202855/the-power-of-habit-by-charles-duhigg/9780812981605/</ref> '''Dipharologantsho''' Kgopolo eno gantsi e amanngwa le go tlhomama, go lemoga ditlamorago, go nna le boikarabelo jwa motho ka namana, go akanya ka mekgele le go kgona go tlwaela maemo a a fetogang. Diponagalo tseno di tlhagisa botlhokwa jwa go akanyetsa ditshwetso tsa ka bonako le ditlamorago tsa tsone tse di ka nnang teng tsa nako e telele.<ref>https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/89308/thinking-fast-and-slow-by-daniel-kahneman/</ref> '''Susumetsa''' Tlhotlheletso ya ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi e ka lemogwa mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng tsa botshelo. Mo thutong, go ithuta ka metlha, go tsena ditlelase le go tsaya karolo ka matlhagatlhaga go ka tshegetsa tlhabololo ya thuto le go ithuta botshelo jotlhe. Mo boitekanelong, ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tse di amanang le dikotla, go itshidila mmele, go ikhutsa le mekgwa e mengwe ya botshelo di ka tlhotlheletsa boitekanelo ka kakaretso. Mo tirong, ditlhopho tse di akaretsang go tshwara nako, puisano, go dira mmogo ka setlhopha le boitshwaro jo bo siameng di ka ama botsalano jwa seporofešenale le go tlhabolola tiro. Mo setšhabeng, ditiro tse di jaaka go ithaopa, go sireletsa tikologo, go tlotla ba bangwe le go ema maiteko a baagi nokeng di ka thusa mo go nneng le itekanelo mo setšhabeng.<ref>https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/wendy-wood/good-habits-bad-habits/97810350421355</ref> '''Kgalo''' Bakanoki bangwe ba bolela gore go tlhoma mogopolo thata mo ditlhophong tsa motho ka bongwe go ka nna ga tlhokomologa maemo a a kwa ntle a a tlhotlheletsang ditshwetso le ditshono tsa batho. Maemo a ikonomi, go sa lekalekane ga batho, ditsamaiso tsa thuto, maemo a lelapa le melao ya puso tsotlhe di ka ama ditlhopho tse batho ka bongwe ba nang le tsone. Go tswa mo ponong e, ditshwetso tsa motho ka namana di botlhokwa mme di tshwanetse go tlhaloganngwa mmogo le mabaka a a anameng a loago le popego.<ref>https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300262285/nudge/</ref> '''Ditshupiso''' # Clear, J. (2018). Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones. Avery. https://jamesclear.com/atomic-habits # Wood, W., & Neal, D. T. (2007). A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface. Psychological Review, 114(4), 843–863. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17907866/ # Duhigg, C. (2012). The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business. Random House. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/202855/the-power-of-habit-by-charles-duhigg/9780812981605/ # Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/89308/thinking-fast-and-slow-by-daniel-kahneman/ # Wood, W. (2019). Good Habits, Bad Habits: The Science of Making Positive Changes That Stick. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/wendy-wood/good-habits-bad-habits/97810350421355 # Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. Yale University Press. https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300262285/nudge/ lbwgiiu5whfq0aq0ovitxg4d7x64v61 0 14893 54233 2026-08-20T20:03:35Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458310|Genital wart]] to:tn #mdwikicx 54233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Genital warts|synonym=Condylomata acuminata, venereal warts, anal warts, anogenital warts<ref name=Andrew2020/>|image=SOA-Condylomata-acuminata-around-anus.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Severe case of genital warts around the anus of a female|pronounce=|specialty=[[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|symptoms=[[papule|Small bumps]] of genital skin, varying sizes and shapes, typically protrude out, burning, itch<ref name=Trip2022/>|complications=|onset=1-8 months following exposure<ref name=AFP2010/>|duration=|types=|causes=HPV types 6 and 11<ref name=CDC2010/>|risks=|diagnosis=Based on symptoms, can be confirmed by [[tissue biopsy|biopsy]]<ref name=CDC2010/>|differential=[[Molluscum contagiosum]], [[skin tags]], [[condyloma latum]], [[squamous cell carcinoma]]<ref name=Fer2018/>|prevention=[[HPV vaccine]], [[condoms]]<ref name=AFP2010/><ref name=NHS2017/>|treatment=Medications, [[cryotherapy]], surgery<ref name=CDC2010/>|medication=[[Podophyllum resin|Podophyllin]], [[imiquimod]], [[trichloroacetic acid]]<ref name=CDC2010/>|prognosis=|frequency=~1% (US)<ref name=AFP2010/>|deaths=|named after=}}'''Dikakana tsa bong''' ke tshwaetsego e e tshelanwang ka tlhakanelodikobo e e bakiwang ke mefuta mengwe ya human papillomavirus (HPV).<ref name="Andrew2020">{{Cite book|last=James|first=William D.|last2=Elston|first2=Dirk|last3=Treat|first3=James R.|last4=Rosenbach|first4=Misha A.|last5=Neuhaus|first5=Isaac|title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-323-54753-6|pages=406-410|edition=13th|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA406|language=en|chapter=19. Viral diseases: genital warts|access-date=2023-03-17|archive-date=2023-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317141930/https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA406|url-status=live}}</ref> Gantsi di tlhagelela jaaka dikakana tse dinnye mo letlalong la bonna, vulva, molomo wa popelo le marago.<ref name="Trip2022">{{Cite book|last=Tripathi|first=Anuj|last2=Sahu|first2=Utkarsha|editor-last=Khare|editor-first=Prashant|editor-last2=Jain|editor-first2=Ashish|title=Immunopathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of HPV induced Malignancies|date=2022|publisher=Elsevier|location=London|isbn=978-0-323-98644-1|pages=1-13|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IthOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|language=en|chapter=1. An overview of HPV: causes, symptoms, and clinical manifestations|access-date=2023-03-17|archive-date=2023-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317164916/https://books.google.com/books?id=IthOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|url-status=live}}</ref> Di ka nna tsa bo di le sephaphathi kgotsa di tswa mo godimo ga letlalo, mme mmala wa tsone o ka nna wa farologana; borokwa, bosweu, bosetlha jo bo bosetlha, bohibidu jo bo serolwana, kgotsa botala jo bo tseneletseng.<ref name="Andrew2020" /><ref name="Trip2022" /><ref name="Fer2018">{{Cite book|last=Ferri|first=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018: 5 Books in 1|date=2017|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9780323529570|page=1376|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wGclDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1376|language=en|access-date=2020-06-07|archive-date=2020-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801213852/https://books.google.com/books?id=wGclDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1376|url-status=live}}</ref> Go ka nna le dikakana di le mmalwa ka bongwe kgotsa di le mmalwa, e ka nna ka setlhopha kgotsa di kopantswe mmogo mme si lebega jaanka sethunya sa kholifolawa.<ref name="Trip2022" /><ref name="Goldman2020">{{Cite book|last=Madoff|first=Robert D.|last2=Melton-Meax|first2=Genevieve B.|editor-last=Goldman|editor-first=Lee|editor-last2=Schafer|editor-first2=Andrew I.|title=Goldman-Cecil Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-323-55087-1|page=938|edition=26th|volume=1|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA938|language=en|chapter=136. Diseases of the rectum and anus: anal warts|access-date=2023-03-17|archive-date=2023-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317112104/https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA938|url-status=live}}</ref> Gantsi di baka dikai di le mmalwa, fela di ka nna botlhoko ka dinako tse dingwe.<ref name="CDC2010">{{Cite web|title=CDC - Genital Warts - 2010 STD Treatment Guidelines|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/genital-warts.htm|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2 January 2018|language=en-us|date=28 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708133714/https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/genital-warts.htm|archive-date=8 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Di ka nna tsa tlhotlhorega kgotsa tsa fisiwa.<ref name="Trip2022" /> Gantsi di tlhagelela kgwedi e le nngwe go ya go tse robedi morago ga go tlhagelela.<ref name="AFP2010">{{Cite journal|last=Juckett|first=G|last2=Hartman-Adams, H|title=Human papillomavirus: clinical manifestations and prevention.|journal=American Family Physician|date=Nov 15, 2010|volume=82|issue=10|pages=1209–13|pmid=21121531}}</ref> [[Dikakana]] ke dikai tse di lemogiwang bonolo thata ka tshwaetsego ya HPV ya bong.<ref name="AFP2010" /> Mefuta ya HPV wa borataro le wa lesome le bongwe ke yone e e tlwaelegileng go baka dikakana tsa bong.<ref name="CDC2010" /> E anamisiwa ka go ama letlalo ka tlhamalalo, gantsi ka nako ya thobalano ya molomo, [[Thobalano|ya bong]], kgotsa ya marago le molekane yo o a nang le mogare.<ref name="AFP2010" /> Temogo ka kakaretso e ikaegile ka dikai mme e ka netefadiwa ka maranyane a biopsy.<ref name="CDC2010" /> Mefuta ya HPV e e bakang kankere ga e tshwane le e e bakang dikakana.<ref name="NCI2017">{{Cite web|last=US National Cancer Institute|title=HPV and Cancer|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/HPV|access-date=2 January 2018|archive-date=31 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031233555/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/HPV|url-status=live}}</ref> Mekento mengwe ya HPV e ka thibela dikakana tsa bong jaaka [[Sekausu|dikausu tsa itshireletso]].<ref name="AFP2010" /><ref name="NHS2017">{{Cite web|title=Genital warts|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/genital-warts/|website=NHS|access-date=2 January 2018|date=21 August 2017|archive-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103011716/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/genital-warts/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ditlhopho tsa kalafi di akaretsa ditlolo di tshwana le podofilini, imiquimod, le esiti ya trikoloroasetiki.<ref name="CDC2010" /> Cryotherapy kgotsa karo le yone e ka nna kgetho.<ref name="CDC2010" /> Morago ga kalafi dikakana gantsi di rarabologa mo dikgweding di le thataro.<ref name="AFP2010" /> Fa go sa alafiwe, mo go nngwetharong ya dikgetsi di rarabologa ka botsone.<ref name="AFP2010" /> Selekanyo sa 1% ya batho kwa United States ba na le dikakana tsa bong.<ref name="AFP2010" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, batho ba le bantsi ba na le mogare mme ga ba na dikai tsa bolwetse jono.<ref name="AFP2010" /> Kwantle ga go tsaya mokento batho botlhe ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo ba tla nna le mofuta mongwe wa HPV ka nako nngwe mo matshelong a bone.<ref name="NCI2017" /><ref name="CDC2017Fact">{{Cite web|last=US Centers for Disease Control|title=Genital HPV Infection - Fact Sheet|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm|access-date=16 November 2017|archive-date=11 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911095019/http://www.cdc.gov/STD/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Bolwetse jo bo ntse bo itsege the go tloga ka nako ya ga Hippocrates ka 300 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Syrjänen|first=Kari J.|last2=Syrjänen|first2=Stina M.|title=Papillomavirus infections in human pathology|date=2000|publisher=Wiley|location=Chichester [u.a.]|isbn=9780471971689|page=1}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 0ep3yqkvnm5cabhi0tkhq32syi4srq9 0 14894 54234 2026-08-20T20:14:36Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1505697|Abdominal pain]] to:tn #mdwikicx 54234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Abdominal pain|synonym=Stomach ache, tummy ache, belly ache, belly pain, gut ache|image=Gray1220.png|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Abdominal pain can be characterized by the region it affects|pronounce=|specialty=[[General surgery]]|symptoms=|complications=|onset=|duration=|types=Acute, chronic<ref name=Mer2020Over/>|causes='''Common''': [[Gastroenteritis]], [[irritable bowel syndrome]]<ref name=Vin2014/><br>'''Serious''': [[Appendicitis]], perforated [[stomach ulcer]], [[pancreatitis]], ruptured [[diverticulitis]], [[ovarian torsion]], [[volvulus]], ruptured [[aortic aneurysm]], [[lacerated spleen]] or liver, [[ischemic bowel]]<ref name=Stat2020/>|risks=|diagnosis=|differential=|prevention=|treatment=|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=|deaths=|named after=}} '''Setlhabi mo mpeng''', se gape se bidiwang '''setlhabi sa mpa''' ke sekai sa go sa phuthologa gongwe le gongwe mo kgaolong ya mpa . E ka nna ya nna mo go nngwe ya mesifa e nne kgotsa mo mpeng kgotsa ya diragala ka go anama.<ref name="Stat2020">{{Cite journal|title=Acute Abdomenal|journal=StatPearls|date=14 Nov 2018|pmid=29083722|vauthors=Patterson JW, Dominique E}}</ref> Dikai tse dingwe tse di tshwanang le go feroga sebete, go kgwa, letshololo, kgotsa go bipela di ka nna teng.<ref name="Stat2020" /> E ka kgaoganngwa ka botlhoko jo bo simololang ka tshoganyetso (jo bo bogale) le botlhoko jwa nako e telele (jo bo sa foleng). Mabaka a a tlwaelegileng a akaretsa gastroenteritis le bolwetse jwa mala a a bogale.<ref name="Vin2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Viniol A, Keunecke C, Biroga T, Stadje R, Dornieden K, Bösner S, Donner-Banzhoff N, Haasenritter J, Becker A|display-authors=6|title=Studies of the symptom abdominal pain--a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Family Practice|volume=31|issue=5|pages=517–29|date=October 2014|pmid=24987023|doi=10.1093/fampra/cmu036|doi-access=free}}</ref> Batho ba ka nnang 15% ba na le malwetse aba tshelang ka one a diphatsa thata jaaka appendicitis, bolwetse jwa senya, go thubega ga ditšhika tsa mo mpeng, ulcer ya peptic e e phunyegileng, pancreatitis, go sokologa ga mae, volvulus, ketoacidosis ya sukiri, diverticulitis ya sukiri.<ref name="Vin2014" /><ref name="Stat2020" /> Mo maseeng go tshwanetse ga akanyediwa enterocolitis e e bolayang, vulvulus, le go tsenngwa ke mala.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Mo nngwetharong ya dikgetsi ga go itsiwe sentle gore tota se baka eng.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Temogo e ka ikaega ka ditso tsa dikai, tlhatlhobo, tiro ya madi, le ditshwantsho tsa kalafi.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Tlhabo ya Pelo ya ECG e ka dirwa go kgaphela kwa thoko go ema ga pelo.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Kalafi e ka akaretsa go tsenngwa ga diedi mo ditshikaneng le go laola botlhoko.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Go ikaegile ka se se bakileng seno go ka nna ga tlhokega gore motho a dirwe loaro.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Batho ba ka nna 10% ba ba mo lephateng la maemo a tshoganyetso ba teng ka ntlha ya botlhoko jwa mpa.<ref name="Stat2020" /> == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] ahxh0nbfpy516or6xerajoub6mhssdx 0 14895 54235 2026-08-20T20:35:14Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1503102|Liver cancer]] to:tn #mdwikicx 54235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Liver cancer|synonym=Hepatic cancer, primary hepatic malignancy, primary liver cancer, hepatoma|image=CT cholangioca.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=[[CT scan]] of a [[liver]] with [[cholangiocarcinoma]]|pronounce=|specialty=[[Oncology]]|symptoms=Lump or pain in the right side below the [[rib cage]], [[ascites|swelling of the abdomen]], [[jaundice|yellowish skin]], easy bruising, weight loss, weakness<ref name=NIH2016/>|complications=|onset=55 to 65 years old<ref name=SEER2016/>|duration=|types=|causes=[[Cirrhosis]] due to [[hepatitis B]], [[hepatitis C]], or [[alcoholism|alcohol]], [[aflatoxin]], [[non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]], [[liver flukes]]<ref name=WCR2014Liver/><ref name=GBD2013/>|risks=|diagnosis=[[Blood test|Blood tests]], [[medical imaging]], [[tissue biopsy]]<ref name=NIH2016/>|differential=|prevention=[[hepatitis B vaccine|Immunization against hepatitis B]], treating those infected with hepatitis B or C<ref name=WCR2014Liver/>|treatment=[[Surgery]], [[targeted therapy]], [[radiation therapy]]<ref name=NIH2016/>|medication=|prognosis=[[Five-year survival rate|Five-year survival rates]] ~18% (US);<ref name=SEER2016/> 40% (Japan)<ref name=Japan2011/>|frequency=618,700 (point in time in 2015)<!-- point prevalence --><ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref>|deaths=782,000 (2018)<ref name=Bray2018/>|named after=}} '''Kankere ya sebete''', e gape e bidiwang '''kankere ya sebete''', ke kankere e e simololang mo sebeteng.<ref name="NIH2016">{{Cite web|title=Adult Primary Liver Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/patient/adult-liver-treatment-pdq#section/all|website=NCI|access-date=29 September 2016|date=6 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002124639/https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/patient/adult-liver-treatment-pdq#section/all|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> Kankere e e anameng go tswa kwa mafelong a mangwe go ya kwa sebeteng, e e bidiwang liver metastasis, e tlwaelegile thata go feta e e simololang mo sebeteng.<ref name="WCR2014Liver">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|pages=Chapter 5.6}}</ref> Dikai tsa kankere ya sebete di akaretsa borurugo kgotsa botlhoko mo letlhakoreng la moja ka fa tlase ga kgopo, go ruruga ga mpa, letlalo le le serolwana, go kgobosa motlhofo, go latlhegelwa ke mmele le go nna bokoa.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Selo se segolo se se bakang kankere ya sebete ke bolwetse jwa sebete jo bo bakiwang ke hepatitis B, hepatitis C kgotsa bojalwa.<ref name="GBD2013">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death|first=Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.|journal=Lancet|date=17 December 2014|pmid=25530442|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|pmc=4340604|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71}}</ref> Mabaka a mangwe a akaretsa aflatokisine, bolwetse jwa sebete jo bo mafura jo bo seng jwa bojalwa le ditlhagala tsa sebete.<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /> Mefuta e e tlwaelegileng thata ke kankere ya disele tsa sebete ( HCC ), e e dirang 80% ya dikgetse, le kankere ya cholangiocarcinoma.<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /> Mefuta e e sa tlwaelegang thata e akaretsa tlhagala ya cystic ya mucinous le tlhagala ya biliary ya papillary ya mo teng ga ditšhika.<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /> Go tshwarwa ga bolwetse go ka rurufadiwa ka diteko tsa madi le ditshwantsho tsa kalafi, mme di netefadiwe ka maranyane a biopsy ya ditshika.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Maiteko a thibelo a akaretsa go kenta kgatlhanong le hepatitis B le go alafa ba ba tsenweng ke mogare wa hepatitis B kgotsa C.<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /> Go rotloediwa gore ba ba nang le bolwetse jo bo sa foleng jwa sebete ba tlhatlhobiwe.<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /> Ditlhopha tsa kalafi di ka akaretsa karo, kalafi e e ikaeletsweng le kalafi ya marang.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Mo maemong mangwe, go ka dirisiwa kalafi ya go ntsha sebete, kalafi ya go tsenya madi mo mmeleng kgotsa go ntshiwa ga sebete.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Dibolonyana tse dinnye mo sebeteng di ka nna tsa latedisiwa thata.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Kankere ya sebete ya motheo ke kankere ya borataro e e tlhagelelang kgapetsakgapetsa mo lefatsheng lotlhe (6%) le selo sa bobedi se se bakang dintsho tse di bakiwang ke kankere (9%).<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /><ref name="WCR2014Epi">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|pages=Chapter 1.1}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi(2018)e ne ya diragala mo bathong ba le 841 000 mme ya baka dintsho di le 782 000.<ref name="Bray2018">{{Cite journal|last=Bray|first=F|last2=Ferlay|first2=J|last3=Soerjomataram|first3=I|last4=Siegel|first4=RL|last5=Torre|first5=LA|last6=Jemal|first6=A|title=Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries.|journal=CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians|date=November 2018|volume=68|issue=6|pages=394–424|doi=10.3322/caac.21492|pmid=30207593|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/83ab5cf89399bca5449f4a7baf1b1b3c2e1178c7|doi-access=free|access-date=2019-12-01|archive-date=2021-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417233225/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Global-cancer-statistics-2018%3A-GLOBOCAN-estimates-Bray-Ferlay/83ab5cf89399bca5449f4a7baf1b1b3c2e1178c7|url-status=live}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), dintsho di le 263 000 ka ntlha ya kankere ya sebete di ne di bakilwe ke hepatitis B, di le 245 000 di bakilwe ke bojalwa le di le 167 000 di bakilwe ke hepatitis C.<ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref> Dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa kankere ya sebete di diragala kwa hepatitis B le C di tlwaelegileng teng, go akaretsa le kwa Asia le kwa Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara.<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /> Borre ba amiwa gantsi ke HCC go feta Bomme.<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /> Go lemogiwa ga bolwetse jono gantsi mo bathong ba dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le botlhano go ya go di le masome a marataro le botlhano.<ref name="SEER2016" /> Seelo sa go tshela sa dingwaga di le tlhano ke 18.4 % kwa Amerika,<ref name="SEER2016">{{Cite web|title=SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer|url=http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/livibd.html|website=NCI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728014514/https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/livibd.html|archive-date=2017-07-28}}</ref> le 40.4% kwa Japane.<ref name="Japan2011">{{Cite web|title=がん診療連携拠点病院等院内がん登録生存率集計：[国立がん研究センター　がん登録・統計]|url=https://ganjoho.jp/reg_stat/statistics/brochure/hosp_c_reg_surv.html|website=ganjoho.jp|access-date=2 February 2020|archive-date=16 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916063111/https://ganjoho.jp/reg_stat/statistics/brochure/hosp_c_reg_surv.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Lefoko "hepatic" le tswa mo Segerikeng ''hêpar'', le le kayang "sebete".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hepato-|title=''Hepato-'' Etymology|publisher=[[dictionary.com]]|access-date=24 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010044253/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hepato-|archive-date=10 October 2015}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] mte5yb258bes939x8hwl27w31p9xgm9