Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Brendan Fraser 0 8610 54319 37280 2026-08-30T02:19:46Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54319 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Brendan James Fraser''' (/ˈfreɪzer/ FRAY-zer; o tshotswe ka di 3 Sedimonthole 1968) ke motshameki wa {{Infobox person|name=Brendan Fraser|image=Brendan Fraser October 2022.jpg|alt=Fraser looking to the camera, wearing a suit|caption=Fraser at the 2022 [[Montclair Film|Montclair Film Festival]]|birth_name=Brendan James Fraser|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1968|12|3}}|birth_place=[[Indianapolis]], Indiana, U.S.|citizenship={{hlist|Canada|United States}}|alma mater=[[Cornish College of the Arts]] ([[Bachelor of Fine Arts|BFA]])|occupation=[[Actor]]|years active=1990–present|notable works=[[List of Brendan Fraser performances|Full list]]|spouse(s)={{marriage|Afton Smith<br />|1998|2009|end=divorced}}|children={{marriage|Afton Smith<br />|1998|2009|end=divorced}}|relatives=[[George Genereux]] (uncle)|awards=[[List of awards and nominations received by Brendan Fraser|Full list]]|website={{URL|brendanfraser.com}}}} Amerika-Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UPI Almanac for Tuesday, Dec. 3, 2019|date=3 December 2019|publisher=[[United Press International]]|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/12/03/UPI-Almanac-for-Tuesday-Dec-3-2019/5801575163131/|access-date=15 October 2020}}</ref>Fraser o itsege ka seabe sa gagwe se segolo mo difiliming tse di tumileng, metlae, le difilimi tsa terama. O ne a tuma thata ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe sa go nna Rick O'Connell mo The Mummy trilogy (1999). [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Fraser o tsholetswe kwa Indianapolis, Indiana, a tsholwa ke batsadi ba kwa Canada mme o ne a fudugela kwa dinageng di sele fa a sa ntse a le ngwana. O ne a aloga kwa Cornish College of the Arts ka 1990, mme a nna le seabe sa gagwe sa ntlha mo difiliming tsa Dogfight (1991). Fraser o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ka difiliming di le dintsi tsa metlae jaaka Encino Man (1992), Airheads (1994), <nowiki><i id="mwIg">George</i></nowiki> of the Jungle (1997), ''Dudley Do-Right'' (1999), Blast from the Past (1999), Vedazzled (2000), ''Monkeybone'' (2001), ''Looney Tunes'': Back in Action (2003) le Furry Vengeance (2010) mmogo le dikarolo tse di eteletseng pele mo difilimin tsa ditoro tsa Journey to the Center of the Earth (2008) le Inkheart (2008). ''Ka'' nako eo o ne a dira gape mo difiliming di le mmalwa tse di kgatlhisang jaaka School Ties (1992), With Honors (1994), The Passion of Darkly Noon (1995), Gods and Monsters (1998), The Quiet American (2002), Crash (2004), Journey to the End of the Night (2006), Extraordinary Measures (2010), No Sudden Move (2021), le The ''Whale'' (2022). Mo godimo ga ''go'' nna motshameki wa difilimi, Fraser o nnile le seabe se se atlegileng mo thelebisheneng, go akaretsa le mo thulaganyong ya History miniseries ''Texas Rising'' (2015), the Showtime drama series The Affair (2016), the FX anthology series Trust (2018), the Epix series ''Condor'' (2018), le DC Universe / HBO Max action series Doom Patrol (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Texar Rising – About|url=http://www.history.com/shows/texas-rising/about|website=History.com|publisher=[[History (U.S. TV network)|History]]|access-date=March 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Trust">{{Cite web|title=Brendan Fraser – James Fletcher Chace|url=http://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/trust/cast-crew/brendan-fraser-james-fletcher-chace|website=FXNetworks.com|publisher=[[FX (TV channel)|FX]]|access-date=March 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Andreeva">{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2018/08/doom-patrol-brendan-fraser-cast-robotman-cliff-steele-dc-universe-series-1202449702/|title='Doom Patrol': Brendan Fraser To Star As Robotman In DC Universe TV Series|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=August 21, 2018|access-date=August 21, 2018}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Fraser, yo mmotlana mo basimaneng ba le bane, o tsholetswe kwa Indianapolis, Indiana, morwa wa batsadi ba kwa Canada e bong Carol Mary (née Genereux; 1937ń2016) le Peter Fraser.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.harveyfuneral.com/obituary/4014880?lud=5EB7B57A9D15CFAC15BB9C5731A001E0|title=Carol G. Fraser Obituary|website=Harvey Family Funeral Home|access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref> Mmaagwe e ne e le mogakolodi wa tsa kgwebo, mme rraagwe e ne e kile ya bo e le mmegadikgang yo o neng a dira jaaka modiredi wa tirelo ya boditšhabatšhaba wa Canada kwa Ofising ya Puso ya Bojanala.<ref name="HoF">{{Cite web|title=2006 Inductees&nbsp;– Brendan Fraser|url=http://www.canadaswalkoffame.com/inductee/brendan-fraser|access-date=August 24, 2008|publisher=Canada's Walk of Fame}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/22/Brendan-Fraser.html|title=Brendan Fraser Biography (1968–)|publisher=Film Reference|access-date=November 2, 2008}}</ref> Malome wa ga mmaagwe, George Genereux, e ne e le ene fela Mo-Canada yo o neng a gapa metale wa gauta mo Diolimpiking tsa Selemo tsa 1952, kwa Olympic Trap.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.latenightwithjimmyfallon.com/video/clips/brendan-fraser-interview-12210/1196094/|title=Daily Highlights&nbsp;– January 10&nbsp;– Brendan Fraser Interview|website=[[Late Night with Jimmy Fallon]]}}</ref> O na le bomogolowe ba le bararo: Kevin, Regan, le Sean. O na le bagologolwane ba Ba-Ireland, Ba-Scotland, Ba-German, Ba-Czech, le Ba-French-Canadian.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://irishamerica.com/2010/02/brendan-fraser-on-playing-john-crowley-in-extraordinary-measures/|title=Brendan Fraser on Playing John Crowley in Extraordinary Measures|publisher=Irish America|first=Kara|last=Rota|date=February–March 2010}}</ref> O na le boagi jwa Canada le Amerika gabedi. Lelapa la ga Fraser le ne la fuduga gantsi fa a santse a le ngwana, ba ne ba nna kwa Eureka, California; Seattle, Washington; Ottawa, Ontario; Netherlands; le Switzerland. O ne a tsena Upper Canada College, sekolo se se ikemetseng ka nosi kwa Toronto.<ref>{{Cite news|date=June 21, 1992|title=UP AND COMING: Brendan Fraser; A Man Schooled for Success|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE7DE103AF932A15755C0A964958260|first=Jamie|last=Diamond|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=January 8, 2008}}</ref> Fa a ne a le mo malatsing a boikhutso kwa Lontone, Engelane, o ne a nna teng mo motshamekong wa gagwe wa ntlha wa theatre kwa West End, kwa a neng wa simolola go kgatlhegela go nna motshameki. O ne a aloga kwa Cornish College of the Arts kwa Seattle ka 1990.<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 10, 2005|title=Fraser's Edge|url=http://www.cornish.edu/news/2005/05/frasers_edge.html|first=Lisa|last=Halpern|publisher=Cornish College of the Arts|access-date=December 27, 2007|archivedate=December 31, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231081159/http://www.cornish.edu/news/2005/05/frasers_edge.html}}</ref> O simolotse go nna motshameki kwa kholetšheng e nnye ya go nna motaki kwa New York City. O ne a rulaganyetsa go ithutela Master of Fine Arts in Acting go tswa kwa Southern Methodist University, mme o ne a ema kwa Hollywood mo tseleng mme a tsaya tshwetso go nna teng go dira mo difiliming.<ref>[https://www.southcoasttoday.com/article/19990525/news/305259932 "Brendan Fraser's eclectic career"]. ''South Coast Today''.</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == [[Setshwantsho:Brendan Fraser at Canada's Walk of Fame induction.jpg|left|thumb|Brendan Fraser kwa Canada's Walk ya Fame ka 2006]] Ka 1991, Fraser o ne a dira filimi ya gagwe ya ntlha jaaka Seaman yo o neng a ya kwa Vietnam mo Dogfight. O ne a nna le seabe sa gagwe sa ntlha mo baesekopong ya 1992 ya metlae ya Encino Man koo a neng a tshameka ''monna wa'' legaga yo o gatseditsweng wa pele ga hisitori yo o gakologang mo motlheng wa gompieno.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/91766/many-faces-brendan-fraser|title=The many faces of Brendan Fraser – Philstar.com|website=philstar.com|date=October 24, 2000}}</ref> Filimi e ne e atlegile go sekae.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ocregister.com/2017/05/22/hey-bu-ddy-encino-man-turns-25-but-heres-where-the-90s-comedy-was-really-filmed|title=Hey bu-ddy! 'Encino Man' turns 25 — but here's where the '90s comedy was really filmed|date=May 23, 2017}}</ref> Mo go one ngwaga oo o ne a tshameka le Matt Damon le Chris O'Donnell mo School Ties. ''Ka'' 1994, o ne a tshameka Steve Nebraska mo The Scout le Montgomery "Monty" Kessler mo With Honors mmogo le go tshameka mmogo le Adam Sandler le Steve Buscemi mo Airheads. Tsotlhe tse tharo e ne e le go palelwa ga diofisi tsa matlole. O ne a tshameka mo difiliming tse dingwe jaaka Philip Ridley's The Passion of Darkly Noon (1995) le The Twilight of the Golds (1997) tse le tsone di neng tsa se ka tsa atlega mo diofising tsa bobogedi. Gape o ne a na le seabe se sennye mo baesekopong ya Now and Then (1995). O ne a nna le katlego ya gagwe ya ntlha e kgolo mo diofising tsa bobogedi ka filimi ya metlae ya 1997 ya ''George''<ref name="boxofficemojo.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=2744|title=Bankability Breakdown: Brendan Fraser – Box Office Mojo|website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> of the Jungle e e neng e theilwe mo tatelanong ya metlae e e nang le leina le le tshwanang e e tlhamilweng ke Jay Ward. O ne a tlotlomadiwa ke batshwayadiphoso ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe se segolo mo go Gods and Monsters ya 1998, e e neng e theilwe mo botshelong jwa ga James Whale (Ian McKellen), yo o neng a rutuntsha ''Frankenstein''. Filimi eo e ne e kwadilwe le go rutuntshiwa ke Bill Condon, mme e latela go latlhegelwa ke bokgoni jwa go tlhama, tlhakanelodikobo e e sa utlwaleng le kamano fa gare ga modiri wa tshingwana wa bong jo bo sa tshwaneng (yo o tshamekwang ke Fraser) le motsamaisi wa difilimi wa mosodoma, yo o tlhokofaditsweng le yo o lwalang (yo o tshamikiwang ke Ian McKellen)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gods and Monsters Credits|url=http://www.godsandmonsters.net/credits.htm|publisher=Gods and Monsters Official site|access-date=August 24, 2008}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Brendan_Fraser_crop.jpg|left|thumb|Fraser kwa Toronto ka Seetebosigo 2006]] Katlego ya gagwe e kgolo ya kgwebo e ne ya nna fa a ne a tshameka Rick O'Connell mo baesekopong ya The Mummy (1999) le The Mummy Returns (2001).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mummy.htm|title=The Mummy (1999) – Box Office Mojo|website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> Mo gare ga diphitlhelelo tse, o ne gape a tshameka mo di-box office bombs ''Dudley Do-Right'' (1999) (e e neng e theilwe mo thulaganyong e nngwe ya Jay Ward animated series) le ''Monkeybone'' (2001); le fa a ne a na le katlego e e lekanetseng ka 1999 romantic comedy Blast from the Past le 2000 fantasy comedy Bedazzled, e e neng e dirilwe sesha filimi ya Boritane ya 1967 ya leina le le tshwanang.<ref name="boxofficemojo.com"/> O ne a adimana lentswe la gagwe mo baesekopong e e iseng e gololwe ya Big Bug Man, le Marlon Brando. Ka ngwaga wa 2002, o ne a tshameka mmogo le Michael Caine mo terameng ya sepolotiki ya The Quiet American e e neng ya amogelwa sentle ke basekasiki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1118347_quiet_american|title=The Quiet American|website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> Mo ngwageng o o latelang, o ne a tshameka mo baesekopong ya ''Looney Tunes'': Back in Action jaaka motho yo o eteletseng pele, D.J. Drake (o ne gape a ntsha lentswe la ga Diabolo wa Tasmania). Ka ngwaga wa 2004, o ne a tlhagelela jaaka karolo ya setlhopha sa batshameki mo baesekopong e e gapileng Academy Award ya Crash.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/12/crash-oscar-best-picture-oral-history-c-v-r.html|title=How ''Crash'' Crashed the Oscars|date=December 5, 2016|website=Vulture|last=Stacey Wilson Hunt}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:7.27.08BrendanFraser.jpg|right|thumb|Fraser kwa tiragalong ya ntlha ya The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor ka Phukwi 2008]] O ne a tlhagelela jaaka moeng mo dithulaganyong tsa thelebishene tsa Scrubs, King of the Hill, le The Simpsons. Ka Mopitlo 2006, o ne a tsenngwa mo Walk of Fame ya Canada, motshameki wa ntlha yo o tsholetsweng kwa Amerika go amogela tlotla eo.<ref name="HoF"/> Le fa go ntse jalo, go tloga ka 2022, ga a na naledi mo Hollywood Walk of Fame. Morago ga dingwaga di le thataro a sa tlhole a le teng, Fraser o ne a boa gape a tla go tsweledisa The Mummy ya bobedi e e neng ya gololwa ka Phatwe 2008 mme ya bidiwa The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor. Go kapa ditswhantsho go simolotse kwa Montreal Phukwi a tlhola malatsi a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2007, mme filimi eo gape e ne e na le Jet Li jaaka Emperor Han. Mo go one ngwaga oo, o ne a tshameka mo baesekopong ya 3D ya Jules Verne's Journey to the Center of the Earth le mo baesekopo ya fantasy ya Inkheart (e e tlhophilweng ka boene go nna le seabe se segolo ke mokwadi wa buka Cornelia Funke). Fraser o ne a tshameka e le "Brick" mo West End production ya Tennessee Williams's Cat on a Hot Tin Roof ka Lwetse 2001, e e neng e kaelwa ke Anthony Page. Badirimmogo le bone ba ne ba akaretsa Ned Beatty, Frances O'Connor le Gemma Jones. Pontsho e ne ya tswalwa ka Pherekgong 12, 2002, mme Fraser o ne a bona maduo a mantsi a a molemo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.albemarle-london.com/Archive/ArchiveShow.php?Show_Name=Cat%20on%20a%20Hot%20Tin%20Roof|title=Albemarle&nbsp;– Archive|publisher=Albemarle-london.com|access-date=November 2, 2008|archive-date=September 26, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926112720/http://www.albemarle-london.com/Archive/ArchiveShow.php?Show_Name=Cat%20on%20a%20Hot%20Tin%20Roof|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ka 2010, Fraser o ne a tshameka mo motshamekong wa Broadway wa Elling, mme motshameko o ne wa tswalwa morago ga beke e le nngwe, ka ntlha ya maduo a a sa itumediseng.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11848038|title=Brendan Fraser Broadway debut shuts after one week|publisher=BBC|access-date=November 29, 2010}}</ref> Morago ga go tlhagelela mo Furry Vengeance ka 2010, Fraser o ne a tlogela go emelwa ke William Morris Endeavor ''go'' ya go Creative Artists Agency.<ref name="Masarella 2011 last update">{{Cite news|url=http://www.torontosun.com/entertainment/movies/2011/03/25/17752621.html|title=Fraser finds 'Sole' in Ireland|access-date=March 27, 2011}}</ref> Ka 2010, o ne a tshameka mo Whole ''Lotta Sole'' e e neng e kaelwa ke Terry George mme ka 2011, o ne a rulaganyeditswe go tshameka William Tell mo The Legend of William Tell: 3D, e e neng ya kaelwa ke Eric Brevig, yo Fraser a neng a kile a bereka le ene mo Journey to the Center of the Earth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thefilmstage.com/news/eric-brevig-re-teaming-with-brendan-fraser-for-william-tell-3d/|title=Eric Brevig Re-Teaming with Brendan Fraser for 'William Tell 3D'|publisher=TheFilmStage.com|date=September 7, 2011|access-date=April 22, 2012}}</ref> Go kapa ditshwantsho go ne ga diiega mme kwa bokhutlong jwa 2011, Fraser o ne a sekisa motsamaisi Todd Moyer ka tuelo e a e solofeditsweng. Moragonyana Moyer o ne a mo latofatsa ka go mo tlhasela, mme Fraser o ne a kaya fa se e le maiteko a go batla go tila go duela sekoloto sa gagwe.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Producer Todd Moyer Files Lawsuit Against Brendan Fraser, After Fraser Sued Moyer|url=https://deadline.com/2012/07/producer-todd-moyer-files-lawsuit-against-brendan-fraser-alleging-assault-after-fraser-sued-moyer-300331/|access-date=February 5, 2016|publisher=Penske Business Media, LLC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/brendan-fraser-sued-by-producer-for-alleged-battery-2012-7?IR=T|title=Brendan Fraser Sued By Producer For Alleged Battery|access-date=August 20, 2016}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2013, o ne a tshameka motshameki wa Elvis Presley mo motshamekong wa black comedy Pawn Shop Chronicles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstshowing.net/2012/elijah-wood-brendan-fraser-many-more-tell-pawn-shop-chronicles/|title=Elijah Wood, Brendan Fraser & Many More Tell 'Pawn Shop Chronicles'}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Brendan_Fraser_(30864334034)_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Fraser kwa New York City ka Sedimonthole 2016]] Ka 2016, Fraser o ne a tsena mo boemong jwa ga Ray Liotta mo terameng ya Bollywood ya Line of Descent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/brendan-fraser-replaces-ray-liotta-903015|title=Brendan Fraser Replaces Ray Liotta in Indian Mafia Thriller 'The Field'|last=Bhushan|first=Nyay|date=June 15, 2016|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=June 15, 2016}}</ref> Moragonyana Fraser o ne a tsena mo setlhopheng sa batshameki ba ba neng ba tlhola ba tshameka mo thulaganyong ya thelebishene ya The Affair ka paka ya boraro fa a ne a tshameka modisa wa kgolegelo yo o neng a na le maikutlo a a sa itumediseng e bong Gunther.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tv.avclub.com/an-unrecognizable-brendan-fraser-shows-up-to-give-the-a-1798189735|title=An unrecognizable Brendan Fraser shows up to give ''The Affair'' a menacing twist|first=Gwen|last=Ihnat|website=[[The A.V. Club]]|date=December 5, 2016|access-date=November 24, 2022|archive-date=January 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128021215/https://tv.avclub.com/an-unrecognizable-brendan-fraser-shows-up-to-give-the-a-1798189735|url-status=dead}}</ref> O ne a tshameka James Fletcher Chace yo o neng a baakanya lelwapa la ga Getty mo tatelanong ya FX anthology Trust, e e neng ya tlhagelela e le lantlha ka Mopitlo a tlhola malatsi a le masome mabedi le botlhano ka 2018.<ref name="Trust"/> Fraser o ne a tshameka Clifford "Cliff" Steele / Robotman mo thulaganyong ya thelebishene ya Titans, mme Jake Michaels o ne a emela Robotman. O ne a boa gape a nna le seabe mo thulaganyong ya Doom ''Patrol'', koo a neng a ntsha lentswe la motho mme a tlhagelela jaaka Steele mo ditlhatlhobong; Riley Shanahan o ne a tsaya maemo a ga Jake Michaels mo go Titans o ne a tshameka Robotman.<ref name="Andreeva"/> Go tlhagelela ga gagwe go ne ga dira gore dikgatiso di le dintsi di re go boa ga gagwe ka tshoganyetso go bidiwa "Brenaissance".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theringer.com/2016/12/28/16042156/brendan-fraser-renaissance-the-affair-d15e21e1e7d1|title=Let the Brendan Fraser Renaissance Begin|website=The Ringer|last=McNear|first=Claire|date=December 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://culturedvultures.com/brenaissance-is-here/|title=STEP ASIDE MCCONAUGHEY, THE BRENAISSANCE IS HERE|website=Cultured Vulture|last=Codrai|first=Lorna|date=November 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/trust-brendan-fraser-brenaissance/|title=Trust: Brendan Fraser's Brenaissance Is Here, and It's Glorious|website=TV Guide|last=Mathews|first=Liam|date=April 1, 2018}}</ref> Ka Lwetse 2020, Fraser o ne a tlhophiwa go nna segongwana sa dinokwane Doug Jones mo baesekopong ya bokebekwa ya ''ga'' Steven Soderbergh ya No Sudden Move, e e neng ya gololwa ka 2021. Ka Ngwanatsele 2021, Fraser o ne a itsisiwe jaaka motshameki yo mogolo mo filiming ya ga Darren Aronofsky ya The ''Whale''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220904-the-whale-review-brendan-fraser-deserves-an-oscar|title=The Whale review: 'Brendan Fraser deserves an Oscar'|last=Barber|first=Nicholas|date=4 September 2022|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Filimi eo e ne ya bontshiwa e le la ntlha kwa Venice International Film Festival ka Lwetse 2022. Tiro ya ga Fraser e ne ya akgolwa thata mme baesekopo e ne ya amogelwa ka metsotso e le merataro e eme ka diatla tsoopedi kwa moletlong.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Setoodeh|first=Ramin|date=2022-09-04|title=Brendan Fraser Breaks Down in Tears as 'The Whale' Gets Huge 6-Minute Standing Ovation in Venice|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/brendan-fraser-cries-the-whale-venice-standing-ovation-1235337836/|access-date=2022-09-04|website=Variety}}</ref> Ka Phatwe wa one ngwaga oo, Fraser o ne a itsisiwe jaaka karolo ya batshameki ba filimi ya ga Martin Scorsese ya Killers of the Flower Moon, mmogo le filimi ya metlae ya ga Max Barbakow ya Brothers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=2021-08-03|title=Brendan Fraser Boards Martin Scorsese's 'Killers Of The Flower Moon' & Legendary Comedy 'Brothers'|url=https://deadline.com/2021/08/brendan-fraser-joins-killers-of-the-flower-moon-brothers-apple-martin-scorsese-legendary-1234808025/|access-date=2021-08-03|website=Deadline}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele 2021, Fraser o ne a tlhophiwa go nna motlhasedi Firefly mo baesekopong ya superhero ''Batgirl'', e e neng e dirilwe mo DC Extended Universe; go gololwa ga baesekopo go ne ga phimolwa ka Phatwe 2022 morago ga phetogo mo dilong tse di tlang pele mo setediong sa Warner Bros.<ref name="Batgirl">{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/10/batgirl-brendan-fraser-leslie-grace-1234861890/|title='Batgirl': Brendan Fraser To Play Villain In New Warner Bros. And DC Pic Starring Leslie Grace|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Justin|last=Kroll|date=October 25, 2021|access-date=October 25, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hermanns|first=Grant|date=2022-09-03|title=Why Brendan Fraser Is Disappointed By Batgirl Movie Cancellation|url=https://screenrant.com/batgirl-movie-cancellation-brendan-fraser-response/|access-date=2022-09-05|website=ScreenRant}}</ref> Ka bofefo morago ga go goroga kwa Los Angeles, Fraser o ne a kopana le motshameki wa metshameko Afton Smith fa a ne a le kwa moletlong wa barbecue kwa ntlong ya ga Winona Ryder ka Phukwi a tlhola gane , 1993. Ba nyalane ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le boksupa ka 1998, mme ba nna le barwa ba le bararo: Griffin Arthur Fraser (yo o tshotsweng ka 2002), Holden Fletcher Fraser (yo o tshotsweng ka 2004), le Leland Francis Fraser ( yo o tshotsweng ka 2006).<ref name="CBS">{{Cite news|date=November 13, 2003|title=Brendan Fraser's Looney Adventure|publisher=CBS|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/11/12/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main583274.shtml|access-date=August 24, 2008}}</ref> Mo potsolotsong ya 2018 le GQ, Fraser o ne a senola gore morwawe wa leitibolo, Griffin, o ne a le mo setlhopheng sa autism. Morago ga gore ntlo ya bone kwa Beverly Hills, California e rekisiwe ka Moranang 2007 ka $ 3 million, mogasi wa Fraser o ne a itsise ka Sedimonthole 2007 gore banyalani ba sweditse go tlhalana.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2016/08/10/brendan-fraser-former-mid-century-modern-home-back-on-market-for-44m/|title=Brendan Fraser's Former Mid-Century Modern Home Back on the Market for $4.4M|date=August 10, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=December 27, 2007|title=Brendan Fraser and Wife to Divorce|url=http://www.theinsideronline.com/news/2007/12/14896/index.html|publisher=The Insider|access-date=December 27, 2007|archive-date=March 1, 2008|archive-url=https://archive.is/20080301213624/http://www.theinsideronline.com/news/2007/12/14896/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fraser o ne a laelwa go duela madi a a neng a duelwa kgwedi le kgwedi a $50 000 ka lobaka lwa dingwaga di le 10 kgotsa go fitlha Smith a nyala gape, se se neng sa diragala pele, mo godimo ga tuelo ya kgwedi le kgwedi ya $25 000 ya go tlamela ngwana.<ref name="caselaw">{{Cite web|title=FindLaw's Superior Court of Connecticut case and opinions.|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/ct-superior-court/1662208.html|access-date=2021-08-05|website=Findlaw}}</ref> Mo masimologong a ngwaga wa 2011, Fraser o ne a dira kopo kwa dikgotlatshekelong gore go fokodiwe dituelo tsa gagwe tsa go tlamela, a bolela gore o ne a sa kgone go fitlhelela maikarabelo a ngwaga le ngwaga a $600,000; o ne a se ka a ganetsa dituelo tsa go tlamela bana.<ref name="caselaw" /> Kwa bokhutlong jwa 2011, Smith o ne a latofatsa Fraser ka tsietso ka go fitlha dithoto tsa madi le ''go'' sa senole ditumalano tsa difilimi tsa Extraordinary Measures le Furry Vengeance.<ref name="caselaw" /> Ka 2014, kgotlatshekelo e ne a atlhola kgatlhanong le kopo ya ga Fraser ya go fokotsa madi a a molemeng le kgatlhanong le ditatofatso tsa ga Smith tsa tsietso.<ref name="caselaw" /> Batsadi ka bobedi ba ne ba tlotlomadiwa ka go nna le seabe ka matlhagatlhaga mo matshelong a bomorwaabone.<ref name="caselaw" /> Go tswa ka Tlhakole 2018[update], Fraser a nna kwa [[Bedford (toropo), New York|Bedford, New York]]. Fraser o bua [[Sefora]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC&nbsp;– Films&nbsp;– Brendan Fraser|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2004/01/30/brendan_fraser_looney_tunes_interview.shtml|publisher=BBC|access-date=February 27, 2008}}</ref> mme o direla mo lekgotleng la batsamaisi ba FilmAid International.<ref>{{Cite web|title=filmaid.org Newsletter|url=http://filmaid.org/gala.newsletter.html|publisher=[[FilmAid International]]|access-date=February 27, 2008|archive-date=July 6, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706080546/http://filmaid.org/gala.newsletter.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ke motshwantshi yo o nang le bokgoni mme o dirisitse dikhamera di le mmalwa mo difiliming le mo dithulaganyong tsa thelebishene, segolobogolo mo ditirong tsa gagwe tsa baeng mo Scrubs.<ref name="HoF"/> o tlhageletse lantlha a dirisa filimi ya Polaroid pack, mme o ne a tlhagelela lekgetlo la bobedi, a dirisa Holga e e nang le Polaroid back, e leng mofuta wa Sejapane fela. Buka ya Collector's Guide to Instant Cameras e na le boineelo go Fraser.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.techradar.com/how-to/photography-video-capture/cameras/30-celebrity-photographers-who-are-actually-celebrities-1320886/2|title=30 celebrity photographers who are actually celebrities|access-date=April 5, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Gape ke motshameki yo o nang le bokgoni jwa go hula ka bora.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/comedy/brendan-fraser-on-archery-aliens-and-the-return-of-the-mummy/|title=Brendan Fraser on archery, aliens and the return of The Mummy|date=March 7, 2014|first=Susanna|last=Lazarus|access-date=October 13, 2022}}</ref> Dilo tse Fraser a neng a di dira mo ditirong tsa gagwe le mo ditirong tse a neng a na le tsone di ne tsa dira gore a dire dikaro di le mmalwa mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga di le supa, go akaretsa go baakanya lengole, go dira laminectomy, le go dira dikaro tsa mogala wa lentswe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://people.com/health/brendan-fraser-destroyed-body-movie-stunts/|title=Brendan Fraser Says He Destroyed His Body Doing Movie Stunts: 'I Was Probably Trying too Hard'|date=February 22, 2018|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> Ka 2018, Fraser o ne a tlhaselwa ka tlhakanelodikobo ke Philip Berk, yo e neng e le moporesidente wa nako eo wa Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA), ka nako ya dijo tsa motshegare mo bogareng jwa 2003. Tlhaselo e go neng go twe ke ya gagwe, tlhalo ya gagwe e e neng ya latela, le loso lwa ga mmaagwe di ne tsa dira gore Fraser a tshwenyege thata mo maikutlong, mme seno se ne sa dira gore a emise tiro ya gagwe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Culture/brendan-fraser-metoo-story/story?id=53289449|title=Brendan Fraser says he has his own #MeToo story|website=ABC News|date=February 22, 2018|first=Jim|last=Vojtech|access-date=May 27, 2018}}</ref> Dikgatiso di le mmalwa le badirisi ba metswedi ya loago ba ne ba tlhalosa gore Fraser o ne a "tlhotswe" go tswa kwa Hollywood ka ntlha ya ditatofatso tsa gagwe kgatlhanong le Berk, ditatofatso tse Berk a di ganetsang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ladbible.com/entertainment/the-reason-why-brendan-fraser-was-blacklisted-from-hollywood-for-yea-20220727|title=The Reason Why Brendan Fraser Was 'Blacklisted' From Hollywood For Years|website=LAD Bible|date=July 27, 2022|first=Niamh|last=Spence|access-date=September 10, 2022}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Brendan Fraser Won't Attend Golden Globes After Sexual Assault Allegations Against Former HFPA President|url=https://people.com/movies/brendan-fraser-wont-attend-golden-globes-after-alleged-sexual-assault-hfpa-president/|access-date=2022-11-16|website=Peoplemag}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, Fraser o rile o dumela gore o ne a tsenngwa mo lenaaneng le le sa siamang kwa Hollywood, ka ntlha ya ditlamorago tsa ditiragalo tseno.<ref name=":0" /> ''Go'' farologana le seo, Fraser gape o ne a tlhalosa fa a ne a tlhagelela ka 2019 mo thulaganyong ya radio ya Sway in the Morning, "Ga ke akanye gore HFPA tota e na le maatla a mantsi jalo".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0p7T0Pc68M|title=Brendan Fraser on 'Doom Patrol' Role & If He Felt Blacklisted After Sexual Assault Claims|website=Sway in the Morning. Episode dated April 18, 2019|date=April 18, 2019|access-date=September 10, 2022}}</ref> Mme ka 2022, Fraser o ne a begela ''GQ'' gore fa a ka tlhophiwa ke HFPA ka filimi ya gagwe ya bosheng ya The ''Whale'', o tla "seke a tseye karolo" ka ntlha ya "hisitori" e a nang le yone le mokgatlho o o sa direng dipoelo, HFPA, o o tlhophang dikgele tsa Golden Globe.<ref name=":0" /> == Go thusa batho == [[Setshwantsho:The Whale Venice.jpg|thumb|Press conference ya "The Whale" kwa Venice]] Fa e sale ka 2018, Fraser e ntse e le moatlhodi yo o tumileng mo moletlong wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa Dancing Stars of Greenwich charity gala o o kgobokanyang madi a mokgatlho o o sa direng poelo wa Abilis, mokgatlho o wa selegae o o tshegetsang batho ba ba fetang 800 le malapa a bone a a nang le bogole kwa Fairfield County, Connecticut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greenwichdancingstars.com/celebrity-judges|title=Dancing Stars of Greenwich Celebrity Judges|access-date=October 27, 2022|archive-date=October 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027202345/https://greenwichdancingstars.com/celebrity-judges|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="gtime2022">{{Cite web|url=https://www.greenwichtime.com/news/article/Celebrations-Greenwich-teen-top-dancer-17519759.php|title=Greenwich teen is top dancer, fundraiser at Abilis dance-off benefit|date=October 23, 2022|access-date=November 24, 2022|archive-date=November 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101081906/https://www.greenwichtime.com/news/article/Celebrations-Greenwich-teen-top-dancer-17519759.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mosadi wa gagwe wa pele, Afton Fraser, le ene o tsaya karolo mo kgaisanong ya go tantsha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greenwichtime.com/local/article/Dancers-bring-star-power-to-benefit-for-Abilis-13242403.php|title=Dancers Bring Star Power to Benefit for Abilis|access-date=2022-11-24|archive-date=2022-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027202338/https://www.greenwichtime.com/local/article/Dancers-bring-star-power-to-benefit-for-Abilis-13242403.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="gtime2022" /> Ka 2022, Afton le Brendan Fraser ba ne ba amogela Sekgele sa Heart of Abilis Award ka ntlha ya tshegetso ya bone le tiro ya go kokoanya madi a mokgatlho ono.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xmFDBylWzBU&t=889s|title=2022 Abilis Annual Meeting|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> == Difilimi == == Dituelo le go tlhophiwa == {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga !Kamano !Setlhopha !Tiro !Matswela !Ref |- |1993 |Sekgele sa Chicago Film Critics Association |Motshameki yo o Solofetsang go Gaisa |''Monna wa Encino'' le ''Dikamano tsa Sekolo'' | {{nom}} | |- |1997 |Sekgele sa Seattle International Film Festival |Motshameki yo o Gaisang |''O Sa ntse o Khutsa'' | {{won}} | |- |1998 |Sekgele sa Boitlosobodutu sa Blockbuster |Motshameki yo o Ratang - Lelapa |''George wa Sekgwa'' | {{nom}} | |- |1999 |Dituelo tsa Chlotrudis |Motshameki yo o Thusang yo o Gaisang |''Medimo le Dilalome'' | {{nom}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2000 |Sekgele sa Saturn |Motshameki yo o Gaisang |''Setopo se se Beetsweng'' | {{nom}} | |- |Sekgele sa Boitlosobodutu sa Blockbuster |Motshameki yo o Ratang |''Setopo se se Beetsweng'' | {{nom}} | |- |2001 |Sekgele sa Teen Choice |Baesekopo e e Tlhophilweng Motshameki |''Setopo se se Beetsweng se Boile'' | {{nom}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2002 |Dituelo tsa Bana ba ba Tlhophilweng |Motshameki wa Baesekopo yo a Ratang |''Setopo se se Beetsweng se Boile'' | {{nom}} | |- |Sekgele sa Mokgatlho wa Difilimi le Thelebishene mo Internet |Motshameki yo o Gaisang wa Moeng mo Diterong Tsa Metlae |''Matlhotlhapelo'' | {{nom}} | |- |2004 |Sekgele sa Mokgatlho wa Difilimi le Thelebishene mo Internet |Motshameki yo o Gaisang wa Moeng mo Diterong Tsa Metlae |''Matlhotlhapelo'' | {{won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2005 |Dituelo tsa Gotham |Setlhopha se se di Gaisang Tsotlhe |''Go wa'' | {{nom}} | |- |Sekgele sa Hollywood Film Festival |Setlhopha sa Ngwaga |''Go wa'' | {{won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2006 |Mokgatlho wa Batshwayadiphoso ba Difilimi tsa Broadcast |Badiragatsi ba ba Gaisang |''Go wa'' | {{won}} | |- |Sekgele sa Screen Actors Guild Award |Tiro e e Tlhomologileng ya Motshameki yo o Tlhophilweng mo Baesekopong |''Go wa'' | {{won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2008 |Dituelo tsa Bosetšhaba Tsa Dibaesekopo |Tiro e e Gaisang ya Monna |''Setopo se se omisitsweng: Lebitla la Mmusimogolo wa Kgogela'' | {{nom}} | |- |Sekgele sa ShoWest |Sekgele sa Dingwaga di le Lesome tse di Tlhomologileng Tsa Katlego mo Difiliming |''Ene ka Boene'' | {{won}} | |- |2009 |IGN Summer Movie Awards |Cameo e e Ratang |''G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra'' | {{nom}} | |- | rowspan="3" |2022 |Super Awards e Batshwayadiphoso ba e Tlhophileng |Motshameki yo o di Gaisang Tsotlhe mo Motshamekong wa Superhero |''Patrol ya go Latlha'' | {{nom}} | |- |Dituelo tsa TIFF Tribute |Sekgele sa Motshameki | rowspan="2" |''Whale'' | {{won}} | |- |Gotham Independent Film Awards |Tiro e e Tlhomologileng ya Boeteledipele | {{pending}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/gotham-awards-nominations-full-list-1235413626/|title='Tár' Leads Gotham Awards Nominations: Full List|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Ethan|last=Shanfield|date=October 25, 2022|access-date=October 25, 2022}}</ref> |} == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} == Dikarolo tse di kwa ntle == * Brendan Fraser – official site * Brendan Fraser at IMDb * Brendan Fraser at AllMovie * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100720033500/http://blogs.amctv.com/movie-blog/2010/07/brendan-frasers-best-movies.php Brendan Fraser] best movies blog (archive) [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] l447652jbq0749kpkodrg4l562o3z9g Lone Gaofetoge 0 9269 54322 52353 2026-08-30T04:24:44Z CommonsDelinker 71 Removing [[:c:File:Lone_Gaofetoge.jpg|Lone_Gaofetoge.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No permission since 22 August 2026. 54322 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lone Gaofetoge'''( a tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe ( 2001) ke [[:en:Association_football|motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao]] wa motswana yoo tshamekang jaaka [[:en:Defender_(association_football)|motshameka morago]] mo setlhopheng sa Geronah le mo setlhopheng [[:en:Botswana_women's_national_football_team|Botswana sa sechaba sa bo mme.]]<ref>Ahmadu, Samuel (6 August 2019). [https://www.goal.com/en/news/botswana-touring-slovakia-ahead-of-banyana-clash/a3l1ar2jyx6x114lhks8ah75l "Botswana touring Slovakia ahead of Banyana clash]". ''[[:en:Goal_(website)|Goal]]''. Retrieved 19 March 2024</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220309054200/https://www.kick442.com/cosafa-womens-championship-botswana-name-provisional-squad/ COSAFA Women's Championship: Botswana name provisional squad"]. ''Kick442''. 16 October 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2024</ref><ref>Sibanda, Anastacia (17 June 2021). "[https://allafrica.com/stories/202106180261.html Botswana: Gaofetoge Desires More Players Outside]". ''[[:en:Daily_News_Botswana|Daily News Botswana]]''. Retrieved 19 March 2024 – via [[:en:AllAfrica|AllAfrica]].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), Gaofetoge o tshamikile ele la ntlha mo setlhopheng sa Wonder Girls a le dingwaga di le lesome le bone, a tsena mo karolong ya bobedi fa go tswa yo mongwe mo motshamekong kgatlhanong le setlhopha sa Makufa mme a nosa dinno di le tharo tsa ketapele ba bowa kwa morago go fenya motshameko.<ref name=":0">Keagakwa, City (8 September 2021). "[https://www.pressreader.com/botswana/the-midweek-sun/20210908/281921661161607 The rise of a football sweetheart]". ''The Midweek Sun''. Retrieved 19 March 2024 – via [[:en:PressReader|PressReader]].</ref> O tshameketse setlhopha sa Girona ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016) mme morago a tsena mo tumalanong le setlhopha sa Zambia sa [[:en:Lusaka_Dynamos_F.C.|Lusaka Dynamos]].<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == <references /> == Magokaganyi aa kwa Ntle == * [https://www.facebook.com/loneleatile.gaofetoge Lone Gaofetoge] on [[:en:Facebook_(identifier)|Facebook]] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/lone-gaofetoge/466933/ Lone Gaofetoge] at Global Sports Archive * [https://int.soccerway.com/players/-/847286/ Lone Gaofetoge] at Soccerway ox09feggsox9rkbpkbngvb1sbx0lp0f Limkokwing University of Creative Technology 0 9303 54329 51054 2026-08-30T10:03:03Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54329 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Limkokwing all black logo.jpg|thumb|Sekano sa Limkokwing university]] '''Limkokwing''' kana '''LUCT''' ke sekolo se se eseng sa puso ([[:en:Private_university|private]]) sa mmadikolo se se amaneng mo Africa, Europe le Asia fa mmangmang wa sone ale ko [[:en:Cyberjay|Malasyia]] se nale baithuti bafeta dikete dile masome a mararo mo mafatsheng a fetang lekgolo le masome a matlhano. Mmadikolo o o rutuntsha mananeo a dikirii le a eseng a dikirii mo dithutong tse di farologaneng jaaka tse tsa go dira, tsa Metswedi ya tshedimosetso,tsa ditlhaeletsanyo lethekenoloji. Mo godimo ga tsa ithuto, sekolo se senale ditlhopha tse di sa amaneng letsa ithuto jaaka metshameko, bodiragatsi,tsa ngwao le tirelo setshaba. == Tsa kgale == [[Setshwantsho:Limkokwing 2115388122 926e3e273a.jpg|thumb|Unibisithi ya Limkokwing kwa Malaysia]] LUCT e tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa 1991 ke Tan Sri Paduka [[:en:Lim_Kok_Wing|Dr Lim Kon Wing]].Ka ngwaga wa 2002, ene ya nna sekolo sa ntlha sa go tlhomiwa University college. == Dikampase == Gotloga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole 2018, sekolo se ne sa nna le dicampus tse dilatelang, * Likomkwing [[:en:Kuching|Kunching]],[[:en:Sarawak|Sarawak]] * Limkokwing Botswana [[Gaborone|Gaborone.]]<ref>Ontametse Sugar (9 October 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20181206102435/http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/news/item/4782-0ver-900-graduate-from-limkokwing-university%20.html "Over 900 graduate from Limkokwing University"]. The Patriot. Gaborone. Archived from [http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/news/item/4782-0ver-900-graduate-from-limkokwing-university%20.html the original] on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.</ref><ref>Special Correspondent (2 March 2008). [http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20080228161733526 "Botswana: Shifting policies benefit Malaysian private university]". University World News. Retrieved 5 December 2018.</ref> * Limkokwing Cambodia [[:en:Phnom_Penh|Phnom Pehn]]<ref>Unipage.net (2018). [https://www.unipage.net/en/13860/limkokwing_university_of_creative_technology_cambodia "About Limkokwing University of Creative Technology Cambodia"]. Unipage.net. Retrieved 5 December 2018.</ref> * Limkowking [[:en:Lesotho|Lesotho]] [[:en:Maseru|Maseru,]]<nowiki/>sekolo santlha sa Malaysia mo Lesotho<ref>[http://www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=1654280 "Limkokwing University plans to extend TVET Malaysia to Lesotho".] Bernama.com. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2018.</ref> * Limkokwing Malaysia ko [[:en:Cyberjaya|Cyberjaya]] [[:en:Selangor|Selangor]]<ref>Liveandstudymalaysia.com (2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190731023504/http://www.liveandstudymalaysia.com/universities/limkokwing-university.html "Limkokwing University: Main Campus"]. Liveandstudymalaysia.com. Retrieved 5 December 2018.</ref> * Limkowking United Kingdom [[:en:London|London]]<ref>ASIC. [https://www.asic.org.uk/institution-profiles/limkokwing-london-campus/ "Limkokwing University of Creative Technology: London Campus"]. [[:en:Accreditation_Service_for_International_Colleges|Accreditation Service for International Schools, Colleges & Universities]] (ASIC). Retrieved 6 December 2018</ref> * Limkokwing swaziland ko [[:en:Mbabane|Mbabane]],[[:en:Eswatini|Eswatini]]<ref>Swazi Media (15 March 2018). [https://swazimedia.blogspot.com/2018/03/police-fire-during-student-roadblock.html "Police Fire During Student Roadblock"]. Swazi Media Commentary. Retrieved 6 December 2018.</ref> * Limkowking Sier Leon [[:en:Freetown|Freetown]]<ref>Hanis Zainal (18 March 2018). [https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/03/18/limkokwings-sierra-leone-campus-opens-facility-touted-as-a-boon-to-tertiary-education/ "Limkokwing's Sierra Leone campus opens".] The Star (Malaysia). Retrieved 6 December 2018.</ref> * Limkwowking Uganda [[:en:Namataba|Namataba]]<ref>Opio, Alfred (14 April 2014). [https://chimpreports.com/malaysians-to-open-university-in-namataba/ "Malaysians to Open University in Namataba"]. Kampala: Chimp Reports Uganda. Retrieved 5 December 2018.</ref><ref>Mukhaye, Damali (5 December 2018). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Malaysian-varsity-takes-Ugandan-institute/688334-4882066-5w02n3z/index.html "Malaysian varsity takes over Ugandan institute"]. [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]. Kampala. Retrieved 5 December 2018.</ref> == Dithuto tsa sekolo == [[Setshwantsho:Wikimedia Limkokwing School Club Participants.jpg|thumb|Baithuti ba Unibisithi ya limkokwing ba le ithutong.]] Go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2022, Limkokwing e ne ya rutuntsha mananeo a dipoloma, le dikiri tsa ntlha dile masome a mabedi lebobedi.<ref>[https://www.limkokwing.net/malaysia/academic/courses/ "Courses @ Limkokwing University of Creative Technology".] Limkokwing University of Creative Technology. Retrieved 6 September 2022.</ref> == Ditekanyetso == {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga !Tekanyetso !Motlhatlhobi |- |2012 |251-300 |QS Asian University Rankings |- |2013 |251-300 |QS Asian University Rankings |- |2014 |251-300 |QS Asian University Rankings |- |2015 |251-300 |QS Asian University Rankings |- |2016 |251-300 |QS Asian University Rankings |- |2017 |251-300 |QS Asian University Rankings |- |2018 |218 |QS Asian University Rankings |- |2019 |351-400 |QS Asian University Rankings |} == Mogo tsa kganetsanyo == [[Setshwantsho:Limkokwing 2115370038 04337c1d65.jpg|thumb|Limkokwing University of Creative Technology]] Motshedimosetsong ya tsa ntwa kgatlhanong le kgethololo ya letso le mmala ka mmuso wa [[:en:Black_Lives_Matter|Black Lives Matter]], Limkokwing ene ya ya bonwa phoso go emeletsa boto e eneng e supa setshwantsho sa mothami wa sekolo Tan Sri Lim Kon Wing ka mokwalo o reng "King of Africa".<ref>"'[https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/lifestyle-culture/article/3089808/king-africa-billboard-sparks-racism-claims-university King of Africa' billboard sparks racism claims at Malaysian university".] ''South China Morning Post''. 20 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020</ref><ref name=":0">Noor, Sabrina (21 June 2020). "[https://cilisos.my/how-did-lim-kok-wing-go-from-helping-mandela-to-having-a-racist-billboard-in-his-uni/ How did Lim Kok Wing go from helping Mandela to having a racist billboard in his uni?"]. ''CILISOS - Current Issues Tambah Pedas!''. Retrieved 29 June 2020.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.asiaone.com/malaysia/angry-netizens-petition-remove-billboard-portraying-lim-kok-wing-king-africa "Angry netizens petition to remove billboard portraying Lim Kok Wing as 'King of Africa'"]. ''AsiaOne''. 12 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020</ref>. Boto eno ya papatso e ne ya tsosa dikganetsano fa baithuti ba nako e e fetileng le badiri kwa yunibesithing ba ne ba latofatsa yunibesithi ka gore e na le melao ya bosemorafe, e e jaaka go sa letle baithuti ba Maaforika go nna baemedi ka malatsi a a bulegileng le go latofatsa gore batsamaisi ba sekolo ba ne ba bua mafoko a bosemorafe makgetlo a le mmalwa.<ref name=":0" />.Boto ya papatso e e neng e tsosa kganetsano e ne ya folosiwa mme yunibesithi ya kopa maitshwarelo, ya re "ga e amogele ditiro dipe tsa tlhaolele kgatlhanong le morafe ope o o rileng".<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />Phapang le ditatofatso, Lefapha la Thutogodimo ga le a bona bosupi jo bo nonofileng jo bo supang bosemorafe ke botsamaisi jo bo kwa godimo jwa Yunibesithi ya Limkokwing ya Thekenoloji ya Boitlhamedi (LUCT).<ref>[https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/lifestyle-culture/article/3089808/king-africa-billboard-sparks-racism-claims-university "'King of Africa' billboard sparks racism claims at Malaysian university".] ''South China Morning Post''. 20 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.</ref><ref>Noor, Sabrina (21 June 2020). [https://cilisos.my/how-did-lim-kok-wing-go-from-helping-mandela-to-having-a-racist-billboard-in-his-uni/ "How did Lim Kok Wing go from helping Mandela to having a racist billboard in his uni?"]. ''CILISOS - Current Issues Tambah Pedas!''. Retrieved 29 June 2020.</ref> Limkokwing ene ya tlhagogelwa ke gang tsa gore eabela baithuti sesupo sa gore batsene sekolo bafetsa mme entswa dipampiri tseo di sena boleng le boammaruri, kwa Lesotho.<ref>"[https://sundayexpress.co.ls/police-investigate-limkokwing-students-over-fake-certificates/ Police investigate Limkokwing students over fake certificates".] ''Sunday Express''. 14 July 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2020.</ref><ref>[["Limkokwing kept cops in the dark about fake certificates". Sunday Express. 18 August 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2020.|"Limkokwing kept cops in the dark about fake certificates".]] ''Sunday Express''. 18 August 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2020.</ref><ref>[https://sundayexpress.co.ls/limkokwing-official-lied/ "Limkokwing official 'lied'".] ''Sunday Express''. 31 August 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2020.</ref>Ba sepodise bane ba dira ditlhotlhomiso le ditsheko tsa tsietso.<ref>[https://sundayexpress.co.ls/police-investigate-limkokwing-students-over-fake-certificates/ Police investigate Limkokwing students over fake certificates".] ''Sunday Express''. 14 July 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2020.</ref> Tona wa Thuto one a rurifatsa fa Limkokwing ele sekolo se senang le boleng gammogo le baithuti ba sekolo, ebile a supa fa selemogiwa ke Puso ya Lesotho.<ref>[https://sundayexpress.co.ls/limkokwing-is-a-legitimate-university/ "Limkokwing is a legitimate university".] ''Sunday Express''. 14 September 2013. Retrieved 12 July2020.</ref> Gotloga pele, Tona wa tsa boitsanaape wa Siera Leon Mohammad Rahman Swarray, o ne a bua ka kemonokeng ya puso mo Limkokwing University. Siera Leone ACC ene ya tswalela ditlhotlhomiso tsa tsietsi kgatlhanong le Limkokwing University le Puso e kgologolo ys Siera leon.<ref>"A[https://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/acc-concludes-investigation-into-alleged-corruption-of-minkailu-bah-and-limkokwing-university/ CC concludes investigation into alleged corruption of Minkailu Bah and Limkokwing University".] ''Sierra Leone Telegraph''. 6 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2021.</ref> Gone ga nna le di ngunangune tsa gore Sekolo sene sesa rurifatsa ditumalano le siera Leon tsa go abela baithuti dituelo tsa thuto, go abela bao batlholegang mo lefatshe leo ditiro bale palo ya golekana le masome a roba Bobedi, le go rutuntsha babereki ba puso ba le makgolo a le mabedi(200) ngwaga mongwe le mongwe.[ ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Reliable_sources|<nowiki>unreliable source]</nowiki>]]'' Tona wa tsa boitsaanape one a bolela fa baka seke batlhole batshosediwa,gotloga foo, Lephata la Sierra Leone le le kgatlhanong le bonweenwee lene la supa fa tona wa pele wa tsa ithuto,maranyane le boitsanape Minkailu Bah ane a letleletse sekolo go tsena mo tirisong ntle le tsamaiso ee nang le boammaruri e e letlelesegang.<ref>[[:en:Limkokwing_University_of_Creative_Technology#cite_note-21|"Sierra Leone anti-graft body ends probe involving Limkokwing University".]] 8 August 2020.</ref> Fa godimo ga moo di paakanyetso tsa go berekisana mo go sa tlhamalalang, barutabana baba rutelwang go ruta, go itlhamelwa ga madi, go sa duelwa sentle ga barutabana gone ga tsosa kgaruru mo Botswana Ko Malaysia e naleng Mmadikolo wa Limkokwing teng. Limkokwing University Botswana ene ya tsena mo tumalanong le Allied Workers Union mme dituelo tsa babereki tsa tokafadiwa. <ref>"[https://www.sundaystandard.info/limkokwing-university-mysteries-raise-eyebrows/ Limkokwing University mysteries raise eyebrows – Sunday Standard".] Retrieved 12 July 2020.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240123161701/https://www.sundaystandard.info/limkokwing-university-reaches-agreement-with-union/ "Limkokwing University reaches agreement with union – Sunday Standard".] Retrieved 12 July 2020.</ref> == Motswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Dikolo mo Botswana]] [[Karolo:Thuto mo Botswana]] 3ivssb94vg4ct6u4pbjb4wsmhygrjpd Mokgabo Thanda 0 9339 54323 52354 2026-08-30T04:25:29Z CommonsDelinker 71 Removing [[:c:File:Mokgabo_Onneille_Thanda.jpg|Mokgabo_Onneille_Thanda.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No permission since 22 August 2026. 54323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Mokgabo Thanda|fullname=Mokgabo Onneile Thanda<ref name=GSA>{{GSA player|id=mokgabo-thanda/466932|accessdate=14 October 2021}}</ref>|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1993|04|03|df=yes}}<ref name=BFA>{{Cite web|url=https://scontent.faep9-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/243537682_4521374997908399_3124474997413906180_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-5&_nc_sid=8bfeb9&_nc_ohc=PnJrOtkvfikAX85LcH-&_nc_ht=scontent.faep9-2.fna&oh=d9995c3f0ea060d633955dc4face4038&oe=616CDEAD|title=COSAFA Women's Championship – 2021 – Mokgabo Thanda|website=Botswana Football Association|accessdate=14 October 2021}}</ref>|position=[[Midfielder]]<ref name=CAF>{{Cite web|url=https://scontent.faep9-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-9/125399801_3584713258253411_4485867293830276682_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-5&_nc_sid=8bfeb9&_nc_ohc=9XUUiE-TWe0AX98XCU-&tn=8uN5F_nXmyhYU0sV&_nc_ht=scontent.faep9-2.fna&oh=0a78c3524b95a955400198435b66b014&oe=618E182A|website=Confederation of African Football|title=COSAFA Women's Cup 2020, South Africa – Tactical Start List – BOTSWANA-South Africa|date=14 November 2020|accessdate=14 October 2021}}</ref>|clubs1=[[Yasa F.C.|Yasa]]}} '''Mokgabo Onneile Thanda''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borarao (1993) ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le mararo) ke [[:en:Association_football|motshameki wa kgwele]] ya dinao wa Motswana yo o tshamekang ka fa [[:en:Midfielder|letlhakoreng]] mo setlhopheng sa Yasa FC sa Zambia le [[:en:Botswana_women's_national_football_team|setlhopha sa setshaba sa bomme sa Botswana.]] == Tiro ya setlhopha == Thanda o tshameketse setlhopha sa Yasa ko lefatsheng la Zambia. == Tiro ya setlhopha sa bosetshaba == Thanda o eteletse Botswana pele  mo [[:en:COSAFA_Women's_Championship|dikgaisanong tse pedi tsa bomme tsa COSAFA]] ka ([[:en:2020_COSAFA_Women's_Championship|2020]] le [[:en:2021_COSAFA_Women's_Championship|2021]]).<ref>Mokgabo Thanda [https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/mokgabo-thanda/466932/]. ''Global Sports Archive''. Retrieved 27 April 2024.</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> == Tse di kwa ntle == * [https://www.facebook.com/100003326196225 Mokgabo Thanda] mo [https://www.facebook.com/100003326196225 Facebook] [[Karolo:Batshameki ba kgwele ya dinao ba Botswana]] rjw0sddd9urtmrxa4lp7bnn6rvvp5bb Calico Cooper 0 9442 54320 50538 2026-08-30T02:34:43Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54320 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Calico Cooper''' o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi a lesome le boferabongwe ka ngwaga {{Infobox person|name=Calico Cooper|image=Calico Cooper 2002.jpg|alt=Calico Cooper on tour with Alice Cooper. Calico stands to the right, Alice stands to the left. Calico's costume consists of blond hair, a blue tight long sleeve crop-top with a cut out in the chest, a short red skirt, and knee-high white socks. Alice wears a black shirt reading "Britney Wants Me" on the front, shiny metallic slacks, and black gloves.|caption=Cooper on tour at [[Zénith Paris]] in 2002|birth_name=<!-- only use if different from name -->|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1981|05|19}}|birth_place=Los Angeles, California, U.S.|education={{hlist|[[Stella Adler Studio of Acting]]|[[The Groundlings]]|[[Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre]]}}|years active=1997–present|spouse(s)={{marriage|Jed Williams|2015}}|mother=[[Sheryl Cooper]]|father=[[Alice Cooper]]|website={{URL|officialcalicocooper.com}}|module={{Infobox musical artist | genre = [[American rock|Rock]], [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] | current_member_of = {{ubl|[[Beasto Blanco]]|[[List of Alice Cooper solo band members|Alice Cooper]]}} | instrument = Vocals | embed=yes }}}} wa 1981 moopedi, motantshi, motshameki wa mo seraleng, motshameki wa metlae, le motlhami wa mmino go tswa ko Amerika.Ke ngwana wa moopedi e bong rre Alice Cooper le mosadi wa gagwe a bina e bong mme Sherly Cooper.O simolotse go dira le rragwe go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1997 a bo a mo hira fa a ne a nale dingwaga tsa lesome le boferabobedi go tsamaya gagwe mafelo ka bophara ka Brutally Live.Dingwaga di ka nna lesome fa a ne a tsamaya le rre Alice a bereka a dira .Ka ngwaga wa 2011 o ne a tlogetse go dira le rragwe a boelela go dira ga ditshwantsho. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Calico Cooper o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi a lesome le boferabongwe ka ngwaga wa 1981,batsadi ba gagwe e leng rre Alice Cooper le mme Sherly Cooper<ref>Graff 2023, p. [[103]]</ref> ba ba neng ba nna kwa Benedict Canyon, Los Angeles<ref>Webb, Dewey (September 7, 1983). ""I Bore Alice Cooper's Child"". ''Phoenix New Times''. Retrieved September 16, 2023.[https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/phnt/830907]</ref>Ngwaga o sena go feta go tsholweng ga gagwe bo Coopers ba fudugetse ko Paradise Valley, Arizona<ref>Webb, Dewey (September 7, 1983). ""I Bore Alice Cooper's Child"". ''Phoenix New Times''. Retrieved September 16, [https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/phnt/830907 2023]</ref>Ba kile ba nna ko Chicago pele ba ya go nna ko Paradise Valley ka ngwaga wa 1985<ref>Trulson, Nora Burba (August 1991). "Welcome to My Remodel: Alice and Sheryl Cooper Remodel a Paradise Valley Ranch and Call it Home". ''Phoenix Home and Garden''. Retrieved September 16, [https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/phhg/910800 2023]</ref><ref>Rhoades, Rebecca L. (June 19, 2020). "Inside Alice Cooper's Rock 'n' Roll Residence". ''Phoenix Home & Garden''. Retrieved September 24, 2023.[https://www.phgmag.com/inside-alice-coopers-rock-n-roll-residence/]</ref>ka dinako tsa dingwaga tsa 1980 tiriso ya diritibatsi ya Alice e feletse e ama kamano ya gagwe le Sheryl ga gakatswa ke go tsholwa ga ngwgana wa bone e bong Calico<ref>"Hearing on Support Scheduled in Alice Cooper Divorce Case". ''The Arizona Republic''. December 15, 1983. Retrieved September 16, 2023.[https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/ariz/831215]</ref>Rre Sherly e le ene a ntshitse kgang ya kgaogana ka ngwaga wa 1983<ref>"Hearing on Support Scheduled in Alice Cooper Divorce Case". ''The Arizona Republic''. December 15, 1983. Retrieved September 16, [https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/ariz/831215 2023]</ref>Mme Sherly ,motantshi wa porofeshenale, o ne a kwadisa Calico mo sekolong sa go tantsha a na le dingwaga di le 3<ref>"Calico Cooper Interview". ''Fixe Force''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[http://www.fixeforce.com/25-music/85-calico-cooper-interview]</ref>Bo Cooper ba bone gole botlhokwa go tsenya bana sekolo sa puso,Calico o ne a tsena ko sekolong sa Hopi Elementary le Arcadia <ref>Stevens, Lindsey (February 1998). "Getting to Know Sheryl Cooper". ''Arcadia News''. Retrieved September 16, [https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/arca/980200 2023]</ref><ref>Rogers, Larry (December 9, 2002). "Alice's Elves: Cooper's Christmas Pudding Brings Out Valley Favorites". ''The Arizona Republic''. p. 41. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/ariz/021219]</ref>Fa a ne a le ko Arcadia Calico o ne a le mo kopone ya mmino o ne a dira a bo a fetsa lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>Stevens, Lindsey (February 1998). "Getting to Know Sheryl Cooper". ''Arcadia News''. Retrieved September 16, [https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/arca/980200 2023]</ref><ref>"Calico Cooper – Beasto Blanco". ''1883 Magazine''. September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://1883magazine.com/calico-cooper-beasto-blanco/]</ref><ref>Rapp, Allison (November 9, 2020). "Alice Cooper's Daughter Calico Cooper Recalls Road Life With Dad". ''Ultimate Classic Rock''. Retrieved September 21, 2023.[https://ultimateclassicrock.com/alice-cooper-daughter-calico-interview/]</ref>O simolotse go ruta go bina<ref>"Calico Cooper Interview". ''Fixe Force''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[http://www.fixeforce.com/25-music/85-calico-cooper-interview]</ref><ref>Rapp, Allison (November 9, 2020). "Alice Cooper's Daughter Calico Cooper Recalls Road Life With Dad". ''Ultimate Classic Rock''. Retrieved September 21, [https://ultimateclassicrock.com/alice-cooper-daughter-calico-interview/ 2023]</ref>O gakologelwa a a rumolwa ke ba ba tsayang dinepe morago ga go apara ga gagwe mo ba neng ba sa go rate<ref>Howe, Zoë (June 7, 2010). ''How's Your Dad?: Living in the Shadow of a Rock Star Parent''. Omnibus Press. pp. 279–281. ISBN <bdi>978-0-85712-415-9</bdi>.[https://books.google.com/books?id=UJ30tIZmf8YC&pg=PT279]</ref> == Le rre Alice Cooper == * [[Setshwantsho:Alice avec sa fille Calico,au Zénith de Paris le 13 avril 2002.jpg|thumb|Calico Cooper le Alice Cooper]]Fa a le dingwaga di le 16, Calico o ne a simolola go tshameka dikarolo mo dipontshong tsa ga rraagwe tsa go eta. Seabe sa gagwe sa ntlha e ne e le sa nakwana fela, segolobogolo e le mongwe wa batswakwa ba ba bosula ba ba neng ba bula dipontsho tsa ga Alice kwa Tim.<ref>Wright, William (2008). "Daddy's Little Nightmare: Calico Cooper Reveals Her Plans for World Domination". ''Sirens of Cinema''. '''2''' (12): 15–19.[https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/sire/080000]</ref>Fa a fetsa ko sekolong o feletsa a ya kwa Los Angeles go tswelela go dira.<ref>Masley, Ed. "Calico Cooper on growing up with Alice Cooper and finding her own voice in Beasto Blanco". ''The Arizona Republic''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/music/2018/12/01/calico-cooper-alice-coopers-daughter-beasto-blanco/2163728002/]</ref>Mme o ne a kgona go dira ko rragwe a ne a dira teng.Fa a ne a le dingwaga tse lesome le boferabobedi o ne a dira e bile a ruta a bo a dira diaparo tsa loeto la Brutal Planet<ref>Graff 2023, p. 161; ; ; ; ; [https://ultimateclassicrock.com/calico-cooper-beasto-blanco/]</ref>O ne a itsege thata fa a dira a tshameka e le "mosetsana wa bullwhip" o o neng a rutiwa ke mme Sherly ka o kile a o tshameka<ref>"Calico Cooper Interview". ''Fixe Force''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[http://www.fixeforce.com/25-music/85-calico-cooper-interview]</ref><ref>Wright, William (2008). "Daddy's Little Nightmare: Calico Cooper Reveals Her Plans for World Domination". ''Sirens of Cinema''. '''2''' (12): 15–19.[https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/sire/080000]</ref>O feletse a tshameka nnese<ref>Wright, William (2008). "Daddy's Little Nightmare: Calico Cooper Reveals Her Plans for World Domination". ''Sirens of Cinema''. '''2''' (12): 15–19.[https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/sire/080000]</ref> o a neng a sa ratiwa ke mme Alice<ref>Boshorff, Alison (April 3, 2004). "Chips Off The Old Rock: When You Dad's A Rock God, What Are The Chances Of Growing Up Normal? Here Five Girls With A Pop Pedigree Tell Their Extraordinary Tales.: Calico Cooper". ''Daily Mail Weekend''. pp. 20–21. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/mail/040403]</ref> * Loeto lwa gagwe le Brutal Planet kwa tshimologong lo ne lwa mo tshosa ka gonne ene, fela jaaka mmaagwe pele ga foo, e ne e le ene fela mosadi mo setlhopheng seno mme gape e ne e le ene fela mosadi mo bathong ba ba rekisang dilwana, ba ba tlamelang batho ka dijo, le ba ba kgweetsang dikoloi, mme o ne a le kelotlhoko gore a se ka a feteletsa dilo<ref>Rapp, Allison (November 9, 2020). "Alice Cooper's Daughter Calico Cooper Recalls Road Life With Dad". ''Ultimate Classic Rock''. Retrieved September 21, 2023.[https://ultimateclassicrock.com/alice-cooper-daughter-calico-interview/]</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, fa a ne a simolola go ntsha dikakantsho, batho ba ba neng ba bereka mo thulaganyong le babogedi ba ne ba amogela dikakantsho tsa gagwe ka matlhagatlhaga<ref>Rapp, Allison (November 9, 2020). "Alice Cooper's Daughter Calico Cooper Recalls Road Life With Dad". ''Ultimate Classic Rock''. Retrieved September 21, [https://ultimateclassicrock.com/alice-cooper-daughter-calico-interview/ 2023]</ref>Morago ga matlhagatlhaga a o feletse a nneela ruri go itlhela 2011<ref>Rapp, Allison (November 9, 2020). "Alice Cooper's Daughter Calico Cooper Recalls Road Life With Dad". ''Ultimate Classic Rock''. Retrieved September 21, 2023.[https://ultimateclassicrock.com/alice-cooper-daughter-calico-interview/]</ref>Fa Chuck Garric a ne a tsena mo setlhopheng sa Alice Cooper sa mmino ka 2002, ene le Calico ba ne ba nna le kamano e e nonofileng ka bonako mme ba ne ba abelana le go tlotla ka megopolo ya go tshameka mmogo<ref>Masley, Ed. "Calico Cooper on growing up with Alice Cooper and finding her own voice in Beasto Blanco". ''The Arizona Republic''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/music/2018/12/01/calico-cooper-alice-coopers-daughter-beasto-blanco/2163728002/]</ref><ref>Rapp, Allison (November 26, 2020). "Alice Cooper's Daughter Calico Cooper Never Wanted to Join a Band". ''Ultimate Classic Rock''. Retrieved September 21, 2023.[https://ultimateclassicrock.com/calico-cooper-beasto-blanco/]</ref> * Ka nako ya Alice's 2001 - 2003 Brutally Live and Dragontown tours, Calico o ne a tshameka Britney Spears mo go satirical macabre comedic bit e e neng ya felela ka gore a lwe le Alice, a gogelwa kwa tlase ga sethala ke ene, mme Alice a boa a tlhagelela ka setshwantsho sa tlhogo e e kgaotsweng ya Calico-as-Spears e e neng e kokotetswe mo koteng<ref>Graff, Gary (January 31, 2023). ''Alice Cooper at 75''. Motorbooks. pp. 162–163. ISBN <bdi>978-0-7603-7827-4</bdi>.[https://books.google.com/books?id=nE-VEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA162]</ref><ref>"House of Blues Concert Review". ''Maximum Rock''. December 2001. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/maro/011200]</ref><ref>Leith, William (September 28, 2001). "Fairway to heaven". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved September 23, [https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2001/apr/29/features.magazine27 2023]</ref>Fa Alice a ntse a tshameka, o ne a tle a apare hempe e e kwadilweng "Britney Wants Me" kwa pele le "Dead" kwa morago<ref>"House of Blues Concert Review". ''Maximum Rock''. December 2001. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/maro/011200]</ref><ref>Leith, William (September 28, 2001). "Fairway to heaven". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved September 23, [https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2001/apr/29/features.magazine27 2023]</ref>Mo loetong lwa Dirty Diamonds ka 2005, Calico o ne a emisetsa Britney ka Paris Hilton yo o neng a kgaolwa mometso ke chihuahua, a dira gore go nne le madi a maitirelo mo bathong<ref>Popoff, Martin (August 2005). "Alice Cooper: Shine on You, You Crazy Diamond". ''Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles''. pp. 30–31. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/bwbk/050800]</ref><ref>Roberts, Michael (September 1, 2005). "Go Ask Alice". ''Westword''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.westword.com/music/go-ask-alice-5086290]</ref><ref>Howe, Zoë (June 7, 2010). ''How's Your Dad?: Living in the Shadow of a Rock Star Parent''. Omnibus Press. pp. 279–281. ISBN <bdi>978-0-85712-415-9</bdi>.[https://books.google.com/books?id=UJ30tIZmf8YC&pg=PT279]</ref>Tiragalo e nngwe ya ga Hilton e ne e akaretsa go leka ga gagwe go tlhaba Alice ka thipa fela gore a kgone go faposa lerumo, a mo tshware ka moriri, a bo a mo gogela kwa ntle ga serala<ref>Þorvaldsdóttir, Þórdís Elva (September 2, 2005). "From Iceland — Alice Cooper". ''The Reykjavik Grapevine''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://web.archive.org/web/20230401194810/https://grapevine.is/icelandic-culture/music/2005/09/02/alice-cooper/]</ref>Botho jwa ga Hilton bo ne bo tla tlhaga fa Alice a ne a tshameka pina ya gagwe ya "I Wish I Were Born in Beverley Hills".<ref>"ALICE COOPER's Daughter Sings RUNAWAYS Hit With ERIC SINGER". ''Blabbermouth.net''. June 29, 2005. Retrieved September 24, 2023.[https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/alice-cooper-s-daughter-sings-runaways-hit-with-eric-singer/]</ref> Calico ka 2010 o ne a re o akanya gore Spears le Hilton, ba a ba itseng ka namana, ba tlhaloganya metlae, le gore kwa khonsateng e nngwe fa a ne a tshameka karolo ya ga Hilton, Hilton o ne a le mo bareetsing.<ref>Howe, Zoë (June 7, 2010). ''How's Your Dad?: Living in the Shadow of a Rock Star Parent''. Omnibus Press. pp. 279–281. ISBN <bdi>978-0-85712-415-9</bdi>.[https://books.google.com/books?id=UJ30tIZmf8YC&pg=PT279]</ref> Batho ba bangwe ba a neng a ba tshameka mo mosepeleng oo e ne e le vampire, motho yo o neng a mo thusa, le mooki, yo wa bofelo wa bone o ne a tla tshwara setshwantsho sa tlhogo ya ga Alice e e kgaotsweng fa motho yo a neng a mo tshameka a sena go bolawa.<ref>Þorvaldsdóttir, Þórdís Elva (September 2, 2005). "From Iceland — Alice Cooper". ''The Reykjavik Grapevine''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://web.archive.org/web/20230401194810/https://grapevine.is/icelandic-culture/music/2005/09/02/alice-cooper/]</ref> O ne a bolela ka 2010 gore ka dinako tse dingwe go ne go na le go ganetsana ka gore a go siame gore Alice a dire sengwe le morwadie. O ne a araba ka gore jaanong o na le dingwaga di le 27, ga a utlwe botlhoko, e bile ga a tshameke ka lorato.<ref>Howe, Zoë (June 7, 2010). ''How's Your Dad?: Living in the Shadow of a Rock Star Parent''. Omnibus Press. pp. 279–281. ISBN <bdi>978-0-85712-415-9</bdi>.[https://books.google.com/books?id=UJ30tIZmf8YC&pg=PT279]</ref> "Batho ga ba tlhaloganye, mme go ne go ntse go na le madi ka metlha, go na le sebete, go na le boaka. Fa Shakespeare a ne a e dira, o ne a re, 'o botlhale tota!' mme fa Alice Cooper a go dira, o akanya jaana, 'Seno se makgapha!'" <ref>Howe, Zoë (June 7, 2010). ''How's Your Dad?: Living in the Shadow of a Rock Star Parent''. Omnibus Press. pp. 279–281. ISBN <bdi>978-0-85712-415-9</bdi>.[https://books.google.com/books?id=UJ30tIZmf8YC&pg=PT279]</ref>Alice ka 2009 o ne a bolela gore, fa a le mo loetong, Calico o ne a sa kgone go tlosa makeup ya gagwe e e neng e na le marontho fa gare ga dikonsarata, mme fa ene le Alice ba ne ba ya kwa mabenkeleng mmogo ba ne ba bogelwa ke batho ba ba sa ba itseng.<ref>Ruggiero, Bob (October 1, 2009). "Alice Cooper's Theatre of Death tour passes through Pompano Beach". ''Miami New Times''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.miaminewtimes.com/music/alice-coopers-theatre-of-death-tour-passes-through-pompano-beach-6384002]</ref> * Cooper o bolela gore go tshameka ga gagwe le rraagwe go mo thusitse go nna le seabe mo metshamekong e e tsosang maikutlo. Motho yo a neng a mo tshameka o ne a wa mo ditepising a bo a itewa mo sefatlhegong. O ne a bolela ka 2011<ref>Howe, Zoë (June 7, 2010). ''How's Your Dad?: Living in the Shadow of a Rock Star Parent''. Omnibus Press. pp. 279–281. ISBN <bdi>978-0-85712-415-9</bdi>.[https://books.google.com/books?id=UJ30tIZmf8YC&pg=PT279]</ref> gore go tswa bonyaneng jwa gagwe o ne a tlhola a leka go dira batho go tshega, le gore "Mo dingwageng tsotlhe tse ke neng ke tsamaya le rre ka tsone, fa ke ne ke wa thata mo sefatlhegong sa me, kgotsa fa ke ne ke tsiboga thata, go ne go sa kgathalesege gore o bua puo efe, go ne go tshegisa". <ref>Stephanie (July 8, 2011). "An Interview with Calico Cooper". ''The Grove Hotel''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://grovehotelboise.wordpress.com/2011/07/08/an-interview-with-calico-cooper/]</ref>Maloko a moletlo ono gape a ne a rata go dira metlae, jaaka go tsenya theipi ya go kgomaretsa moletsi wa katara yo o neng a tshameka moletlo wa go bula le go mo leleka mo lefelong la tiragalo, go fitlha mosese wa ga Calico gore a tle a tle mo seraleng a le mo diaparong tsa gagwe tsa kafa tlase, kgotsa nako nngwe, moletlo wa bofelo wa Alice Cooper a le mo loetong le Scorpions, fa Alice le ene ba ne ba loga leano la gore maloko a banna a setlhopha sa gagwe a apare diaparo tsa kafa teng mme ba emisetse basetsana ba ba neng ba bina mo seteiting sa ba Scorpions.<ref>"ALICE COOPER's Daughter Calico Cooper Talks About Recent Russian Tour". ''Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://web.archive.org/web/20231008042025/https://bravewords.com/news/alice-coopers-daughter-calico-cooper-talks-about-recent-russian-tour]</ref> * Ka 2011, o ne a tlogela go tsamaya le Alice ka metlha go ya go dira tiro ya gagwe ya go nna motshameki.<ref>Masley, Ed. "Calico Cooper on growing up with Alice Cooper and finding her own voice in Beasto Blanco". ''The Arizona Republic''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/music/2018/12/01/calico-cooper-alice-coopers-daughter-beasto-blanco/2163728002/]</ref> Fa e sa le ka nako eo, o ile a ya kwa dikonsarateng. Mo khonsateng ya 2014 ya Alice le Sheryl Cooper ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya go thusa ba bangwe ya Alice Cooper's Christmas Pudding, Calico le Sheryl ka bobedi ba ne ba tshameka karolo ya mooki yo o tshosang, ka nako nngwe mongwe le mongwe wa bone o ne a ja kwa dintlheng tse di farologaneng tsa mpopi wa lesea.<ref>Masley, Ed (December 14, 2014). "Alice Cooper brings guillotine to Christmas Pudding". ''The Arizona Republic''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/music/2018/12/01/calico-cooper-alice-coopers-daughter-beasto-blanco/2163728002/]</ref> Ka 2017, Calico o ne a tshameka jaaka mooki, a itewa ka nako ya "Only Women Bleed" mme a boa go tla go bogisa Alice fa a ne a apere jase ya bokgoba a opela "The Ballad of Dwight Fry". == Tiro ya go tshameka le go dira metlae == * [[Setshwantsho:Alice Cooper Band-17 (41050106000).jpg|thumb|Cooper a sena Alice Cooper a opela]]Mo magareng a dingwaga tsa bo 2000, fa a ne a se mo loetong le Alice Cooper, Calico o ne a tshameka mo difiliming di le mmalwa tse di ikemetseng, tse di tshosang, go akaretsa The Curse of El Charro, JunkfoodHorrorfest (2007), koo a neng a tshameka "mmolai wa go bolaya ka go latelana wa junkie", le Rolling (2007), koo a neng a tshameka moanelwa yo o neng a dirisa MDMA kwa moletlong wa mmino.<ref>Wright, William (2008). "Daddy's Little Nightmare: Calico Cooper Reveals Her Plans for World Domination". ''Sirens of Cinema''. '''2''' (12): 15–19.[https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/sire/080000]</ref><ref>"Calico Cooper | Movies and Filmography". ''AllMovie''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://www.allmovie.com/artist/calico-cooper-vn15633925]</ref><ref>"Alice Cooper's Daughter Lands Another Movie Role". ''Blabbermouth.net''. August 22, 2005. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/alice-cooper-s-daughter-lands-another-movie-role/]</ref>O ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo mo go The Visitor, e e neng e le mo kgatong ya pele ya go dirwa ka 2008.<ref>Wright, William (2008). "Daddy's Little Nightmare: Calico Cooper Reveals Her Plans for World Domination". ''Sirens of Cinema''. '''2''' (12): 15–19.[https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/sire/080000]</ref> <ref>Calico Cooper – Beasto Blanco". ''1883 Magazine''. September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://1883magazine.com/calico-cooper-beasto-blanco/]</ref>Cooper o ne a tshameka Heather mo go Dakota Skye (2008), <ref>Wright, William (2008). "Daddy's Little Nightmare: Calico Cooper Reveals Her Plans for World Domination". ''Sirens of Cinema''. '''2''' (12): 15–19.[https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/sire/080000]</ref><ref>"Dakota Skye - Where to Watch and Stream Online". ''Entertainment.ie''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://entertainment.ie/movies/where-to-watch/dakota-skye-164328/]</ref>barmaid mo filiming e e tshosang ya Suck (2009), mme a tshameka karolo ya "Woman" mo go Thirty Proof Coil (2010).<ref>"Calico Cooper - Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/calico_cooper]</ref> Tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha e ne e le mo filiming ya 2010 ya Thirty Proof Coil. <ref>Giantino, Linda (June 3, 2021). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Calico Cooper". ''Chaospin''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://chaospin.com/calico-cooper/]</ref>O bolela gore o ne a bona ditiro di le dintsi mo difiliming tse di tshosang ka ntlha ya dipontsho tsa gagwe le Alice.<ref>"Calico Cooper Interview". ''Fixe Force''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[http://www.fixeforce.com/25-music/85-calico-cooper-interview]</ref> Fa a ne a tlogela maeto a Alice Cooper ka 2011, ka kgakololo ya batshameki ba mo lefelong leo o ne a ikwadisa mo dithutong tse di neng di rutwa ke Ivana Chubbuck. Morago ga go tsaya khoso eo, ka kakantsho ya ga Chubbuck, o ne a tsenela ditlhatlhobo, ka katlego, tsa ditlhopha tsa metlae tsa The Groundlings le Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre. <ref>Masley, Ed. "Calico Cooper on growing up with Alice Cooper and finding her own voice in Beasto Blanco". ''The Arizona Republic''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/music/2018/12/01/calico-cooper-alice-coopers-daughter-beasto-blanco/2163728002/]</ref>O ne gape a ithuta le Stella Adler Studio of Acting, Margie Haber, le Gordon Hunt. <ref>"Meet Calico Cooper of Beasto Blanco in North Hollywood - Voyage LA Magazine | LA City Guide". ''Voyage LA''. October 8, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://web.archive.org/web/20231026180111/https://voyagela.com/interview/meet-calico-cooper-beasto-blanco-north-hollywood/]</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a nna le seabe sa go nna naledi mo thulaganyong ya thelebišene ya Bloomers (2011 - 2018) jaaka moanelwa yo o boaboelelang Lila Black<ref>"Bloomers (2011)". ''The A.V. Club''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://www.avclub.com/tv/reviews/bloomers-2011]</ref> <ref>Terrace, Vincent (February 25, 2016). ''Internet Comedy Television Series, 1997-2015''. McFarland. pp. 31–32. ISBN <bdi>978-1-4766-2393-1</bdi>.[https://books.google.com/books?id=TmKkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32]</ref>mme a dira karolo e e sa itsiweng mo go Hall Pass (2011).<ref>"Calico Cooper Interview". ''Fixe Force''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[http://www.fixeforce.com/25-music/85-calico-cooper-interview]</ref><ref>"Calico Cooper". ''Plex Inc.'' Retrieved September 22, [https://watch.plex.tv/person/calico-cooper 2023]</ref>O ne a tshameka karolo ya gagwe mo The Curse of Denton Rose ka 2020. Dikarolo tse dingwe tsa thelebišene di akaretsa mmolai Jane Miller mo thulaganyong ya 2015 ya Hawaii Five-0,<ref>"Calico Cooper - Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/calico_cooper]</ref><ref>Cooper, Calico. "Calico Cooper - A little bit about me..." ''Official Calico Cooper''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[http://www.officialcalicocooper.com/about.html]</ref> le moanelwa Tabitha mo thulaganyong ya 2016 "Danger & Thunder" mo motseletseleng wa metlae wa bana Henry Danger.<ref>"Calico Cooper". ''Plex Inc.'' Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://watch.plex.tv/person/calico-cooper]</ref> Ka 2016 o ne a tlhagelela mo The Mindy Project. <ref>Giantino, Linda (June 3, 2021). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Calico Cooper". ''Chaospin''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://chaospin.com/calico-cooper/]</ref>Tiro ya ga Cooper ya go tsamaisa le go tlhagisa e akaretsa go tsamaisa dipapatso<ref>"Calico Cooper – Beasto Blanco". ''1883 Magazine''. September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 22, [https://1883magazine.com/calico-cooper-beasto-blanco/ 2023]</ref> <ref>Giantino, Linda (June 3, 2021). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Calico Cooper". ''Chaospin''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://chaospin.com/calico-cooper/]</ref><ref>Wilk, Shannon (September 5, 2019). "Interview: Calico Cooper (Beasto Blanco) - Rockin' Interviews". Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://web.archive.org/web/20241227151047/https://rockininterviews.com/interview-calico-cooper-beasto-blanco/]</ref>le dibidio tsa mmino le go tlhagisa filimi ya metlae ya bokebekwa ya Love of Mass Destruction, e a neng a tshameka karolo ya yone, filimi e khutshwane ya The Taxi Man, le motseletsele wa thelebišene wa karolo e le nngwe ya The Normal Ones, lenaneo le a le kwadileng le go tshameka karolo ya lone.<ref>Giantino, Linda (June 3, 2021). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Calico Cooper". ''Chaospin''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://chaospin.com/calico-cooper/]</ref><ref>"Calico Cooper". ''Kinorium''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://en.kinorium.com/name/733443/]</ref> == With Beasto Blanco == * Ka 2012, bassist Chuck Garric o ne a bopa setlhopha le Chris -Brother - Latham, Beasto Blanco, mme Garric o ne a laletsa Cooper go nna seopedi mo dipineng dingwe mo alebamong ya bone ya ntlha, Live Fast Die Loud (2013)<ref>Rapp, Allison (November 26, 2020). "Alice Cooper's Daughter Calico Cooper Never Wanted to Join a Band". ''Ultimate Classic Rock''. Retrieved September 21, 2023.[https://ultimateclassicrock.com/calico-cooper-beasto-blanco/]</ref>Kwa tshimologong o ne a okaoka ka gonne o ne a ikana gore ga a kitla a nna mo setlhopheng sa mmino ka gonne o ne a sa akanye gore o kgona go opela sentle.<ref>Wilk, Shannon (September 5, 2019). "Interview: Calico Cooper (Beasto Blanco) - Rockin' Interviews". Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://web.archive.org/web/20241227151047/https://rockininterviews.com/interview-calico-cooper-beasto-blanco/]</ref> Garric o ne a mo raya a re "o motshameki yo o molemo tota, ka jalo dira jaaka e kete o moopedi", mme fa a sena go tsena mo studio o ne a lemoga gore o kgona go opela ka boitumelo.<ref>Wilk, Shannon (September 5, 2019). "Interview: Calico Cooper (Beasto Blanco) - Rockin' Interviews". Retrieved September 23, [https://web.archive.org/web/20241227151047/https://rockininterviews.com/interview-calico-cooper-beasto-blanco/ 2023]</ref> Kwa tshimologong, o ne a rulaganyeditswe go nna seopedi sa go mo tshegetsa, mme ka nako ya go rekota, Garric o ne a nna a ntse a opela le ene. Fa Beasto Blanco a ne a swetsa go ya go etela mafelo a a farologaneng kwa Yuropa, Cooper o ne a swetsa go nna leloko la setlhopha seno ka tsela e e tshwanetseng. Le fa a ne a kile a ipolelela gore ga a kitla a nna mo setlhopheng sa mmino, o ne a lemoga gore "Ke batla go nna mo setlhopheng seno. Seno ke sone". Mo loetong lwa bone lwa kwa Yuropa, ba ne ba nna le modumo o o kgethegileng le mokgwa o o bonalang, ba kopanya mmino wa heavy metal le dipontsho tse di tshosang, Cooper o ne a apara letlowa, diketane le letlalo, mme gantsi a dirisa mofuta mongwe wa dibetsa,<ref>Rapp, Allison (November 26, 2020). "Alice Cooper's Daughter Calico Cooper Never Wanted to Join a Band". ''Ultimate Classic Rock''. Retrieved September 21, 2023.[https://ultimateclassicrock.com/calico-cooper-beasto-blanco/]</ref> go akaretsa le Louisville slugger e e nang le dipekere le sethunya sa CO2.<ref>Barber, Jim (July 10, 2018). "Garric and Cooper Discuss Beasto Blanco's Music, Visceral Live Show and Alice". ''Music Life Magazine''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.musiclifemagazine.net/garric-and-cooper-discuss-beasto-blancos-music-visceral-live-show-and-alice/]</ref> Calico a re fa a ne a tsepamisitse tiro ya gagwe mo difiliming le mo thelebišeneng, o ne a tlhologelelwa go tshameka a le mo botshelong, mme go nna leloko la Beasto Blanco go ne ga mo letla go dira dilo ka tsela ya gagwe le go nna le ditshono tsa go sutisa melelwane. <ref>Rapp, Allison (November 26, 2020). "Alice Cooper's Daughter Calico Cooper Never Wanted to Join a Band". ''Ultimate Classic Rock''. Retrieved September 21, 2023.[https://ultimateclassicrock.com/calico-cooper-beasto-blanco/]</ref>O leba mmele wa gagwe e le seletswa sa mmino: "Ke ne ke ka se ka ka kgona go tshameka seletswa sa mmino fa ke ne ke batla go se tshameka ka nako ya fa ke ne ke le kwa Beasto ka gonne ke tshwaregile thata ka mmele wa me". <ref>trunkprc (September 9, 2020). "Calico Cooper". ''TrunkSpace''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://web.archive.org/web/20231026181429/https://openthetrunk.com/calico-cooper/]</ref>Go ya ka Cooper, mo mosepeleng mongwe le mongwe o dira diaparo tse disha le go kgabisa moanelwa wa gagwe.<ref>trunkprc (September 9, 2020). "Calico Cooper". ''TrunkSpace''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://web.archive.org/web/20231026181429/https://openthetrunk.com/calico-cooper/]</ref> Moanelwa wa "Machine Girl" o nna a ntse a fetoga, jaaka Cooper a bolela gore "ga a ise a ko a fetse go leka melelwane ya gagwe". Go ya ka Cooper, "mo maetong mangwe o bosula thata, a mangwe a a tsosang keletso ya tlhakanelodikobo, a mangwe a a tshegisa tota".Tshusumetso ya "Machine Girl"<ref>Agurbash, Anastasia (October 18, 2020). "Calico Cooper on her music, stage performances and the best advice received from her father Alice Cooper". ''French Fries Magazine''. Retrieved September 22, [https://frenchfries-mag.com/interview/2020/10/18/calico-cooper-on-her-music-stage-performances-and-the-best-advice-received-from-her-father-alice-cooper 2023]</ref> e akaretsa botaki jwa ga H. R. Giger le Frank Frazetta, ba ba neng ba na le "mo gongwe go ne go na le Magic: The Gathering e nnye mo go yone". O bolela gore nako nngwe ngwana mongwe o ne a tla kwa go ene morago ga thulaganyo nngwe mme a re o ne a tshwana le Sindel go tswa go Mortal Kombat. "Ke ne ka mmolelela gore o na le leitlho le le molemo, mme fa a ka bolelela mongwe ka sephiri sa me, ke ne ke tla mmolaya. O ne a tlhaloganya motlae, ke leboga Modimo". <ref>Agurbash, Anastasia (October 18, 2020). "Calico Cooper on her music, stage performances and the best advice received from her father Alice Cooper". ''French Fries Magazine''. Retrieved September 22, [https://frenchfries-mag.com/interview/2020/10/18/calico-cooper-on-her-music-stage-performances-and-the-best-advice-received-from-her-father-alice-cooper 2023]</ref>Ka 2017, Cooper o ne a re diaparo tsa gagwe di neelwa ke Hazmat Design, mme Cooper o tla lebelela "Vikings le baroque era gowns le ninja folklore" fa a dirisana le Hazmat go tlhama dikarolo.<ref>Hegt, Liselotte `Lilo' (June 15, 2017). "Beauty And Lifestyle Profile 13: With Calico Cooper (Singer Of Beasto Blanco)". ''HeadBangers Lifestyle''. Retrieved September 24, 2023.[https://www.headbangerslifestyle.com/lifestyle/beauty-lifestyle/beauty-and-lifestyle-profile-13/]</ref> Motlhatlhobi wa konsarata ya setlhopha ka 2022 o ne a tshwantshanya bontle jwa setlhopha le Mad Max: Fury Road le botswerere jwa Alice Cooper.<ref>Soltes, John (August 6, 2022). "REVIEW: Top 2022 concerts so far — featuring Halestorm, Alice Cooper, Beasto Blanco". ''Hollywood Soapbox''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.headbangerslifestyle.com/lifestyle/beauty-lifestyle/beauty-and-lifestyle-profile-13/]</ref> * Mo dikgatisong tse di latelang, go nna le seabe ga ga Cooper mo mminong go ne ga oketsega ka iketlo. O ne a nna le seabe mo go opeleng pina ya ga rraagwe ya "Feed My Frankenstein" mo kopelong ya bobedi ya setlhopha, e e nang le leina la yone, mme Garric o ne a kgaoganya tiro ya go opela ka go lekana le Cooper mo kopelong ya bone ya bofelo, We Are (2019)<ref>Masley, Ed. "Calico Cooper on growing up with Alice Cooper and finding her own voice in Beasto Blanco". ''The Arizona Republic''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/music/2018/12/01/calico-cooper-alice-coopers-daughter-beasto-blanco/2163728002/]</ref>. Mo potsolotsong ya 2020, fa a ne a bodiwa gore go ntse jang go nna mosadi a le mongwe fela mo setlhopheng sa mmino wa roko, o rile mongwe le mongwe o tshwarwa ka go tshwana, mme gantsi o lebala gore ke ene mosetsana a le mongwe fela. * Kwantle ga nako e le nngwe, re ne re tshameka mo tlelapeng mme ka nako ya fa go ne go didimetse thata monna mongwe o ne a goa a re 'BONTSHA DITSE TSA GAGO!' Setlhopha sa me sa mmino se ne sa ema fela se tshogile ka nakwana. Mme ba simolola go apola didirisiwa tsa bone<ref>Rapp, Allison (November 26, 2020). "Alice Cooper's Daughter Calico Cooper Never Wanted to Join a Band". ''Ultimate Classic Rock''. Retrieved September 21, 2023.[https://ultimateclassicrock.com/calico-cooper-beasto-blanco/]</ref><ref>Stott, Dave (December 4, 2016). "Interview: Chuck Garric From Beasto Blanco". ''Devil's Gate Music''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[http://devilsgatemusic.co.uk/interview-chuck-garric-beasto-blanco/]</ref>. Ke ne ka akanya gore 'Ao nnyaa.... Seno se tlile go fetoga ntwa.' Ba ne ba ipaakanyeditse go tlhasela. Mme pele ga ba ka dira jalo, boidiidi joo jotlhe bo ne jwa mo tlhasela mme ba mo gogela kwa ntle. Ke solofela gore o fodile sentle.<ref>Agurbash, Anastasia (October 18, 2020). "Calico Cooper on her music, stage performances and the best advice received from her father Alice Cooper". ''French Fries Magazine''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://frenchfries-mag.com/interview/2020/10/18/calico-cooper-on-her-music-stage-performances-and-the-best-advice-received-from-her-father-alice-cooper]</ref> * O ne a bolela mo potsolotsong ya 2018 gore fa a ne a simolola go tlhama setshwano sa gagwe (se se neng se le boleele jwa dimetara di le 7 ka ditlhako), o ne a akanya gore banna ba tla mo araba sentle, mme gape o ne a na le basadi ba ba tlang kwa go ene morago ga moo go mmolelela gore ditiro tsa gagwe di ba nonotsha jang.<ref>Barber, Jim (July 10, 2018). "Garric and Cooper Discuss Beasto Blanco's Music, Visceral Live Show and Alice". ''Music Life Magazine''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.musiclifemagazine.net/garric-and-cooper-discuss-beasto-blancos-music-visceral-live-show-and-alice/]</ref> Ka 2023 setlhopha se ne sa saena le COP International.<ref>"BEASTO BLANCO – Fronted By ALICE COOPER's Daughter CALICO and Long-time Bassist CHUCK GARRIC – Signs with COP International, 2 New Singles Coming This Year". ''Sonic Perspectives''. June 6, 2023. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://www.sonicperspectives.com/news/beasto-blanco-signs-with-cop-international/]</ref> == Dilo tse di mo tlhotlheletsang == * Cooper o ne a gola a reeditse mefuta e e farologaneng ya mmino. O bolela gore batsadi ba gagwe ba ne ba tshameka bontsi jwa diopedi tsa bogologolo jaaka Laura Nyro le Burt Bacharach, le diopedi tsa segompieno jaaka Zodiac Mindwarp le Guns - N Roses, mmogo le Elvis Presley le The Beatles<ref>"Calico Cooper – Beasto Blanco". ''1883 Magazine''. September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://1883magazine.com/calico-cooper-beasto-blanco/]</ref>O ne a re mmaagwe le ene o rata mmino wa tlelasiki le mmino wa mmino.<ref>"Calico Cooper – Beasto Blanco". ''1883 Magazine''. September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://1883magazine.com/calico-cooper-beasto-blanco/]</ref> O boletse gape gore o itumelela mmino wa ga rraagwe le emo punk jaaka Alkaline Trio, Descendants, le The Marked Men.<ref>"Calico Cooper Interview". ''Fixe Force''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[http://www.fixeforce.com/25-music/85-calico-cooper-interview]</ref> Ka 2020, o ne a bua ka go reetsa mefuta ya mmino kwa ntle ga roko -classical, electronic, heavy blues -go e tsenya mo mminong wa gagwe le Beasto Blanco. Tshekatsheko ya Live Fast Die Loud, alebamo ya ntlha ya Beasto Blanco<ref>Agurbash, Anastasia (October 18, 2020). "Calico Cooper on her music, stage performances and the best advice received from her father Alice Cooper". ''French Fries Magazine''. Retrieved September 22, [https://frenchfries-mag.com/interview/2020/10/18/calico-cooper-on-her-music-stage-performances-and-the-best-advice-received-from-her-father-alice-cooper 2023]</ref>, e ne ya bapisa mokgwa wa mmino wa setlhopha le wa Alice Cooper le White Zombie.<ref>Phillips, Fred (January 18, 2014). "Beasto Blanco - Live Fast, Die Loud (2013)". ''Something Else!''. Retrieved September 24, 2023.[https://somethingelsereviews.com/2014/01/18/beasto-blanco-live-fast-die-loud-2013/]</ref> Cooper o tlhalosa mokgwa wa gagwe wa go dira metlae e le go dira metlae e e sa siamang. <ref>"Calico Cooper Interview". ''Fixe Force''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[http://www.fixeforce.com/25-music/85-calico-cooper-interview]</ref>O bolela gore fa a ntse a gola o ne a lebelela Monty Python le Peter Sellers mme o ne a batla go gola go nna Jim Carrey<ref>Hegt, Liselotte `Lilo' (June 15, 2017). "Beauty And Lifestyle Profile 13: With Calico Cooper (Singer Of Beasto Blanco)". ''HeadBangers Lifestyle''. Retrieved September 24, 2023.[https://www.headbangerslifestyle.com/lifestyle/beauty-lifestyle/beauty-and-lifestyle-profile-13/]</ref> wa mosadi. O bua ka batho ba ba neng ba mo tlhotlheletsa thata jaaka Alexander McQueen, Naeem Khan, le Zuhair Murad.<ref>Hegt, Liselotte `Lilo' (June 15, 2017). "Beauty And Lifestyle Profile 13: With Calico Cooper (Singer Of Beasto Blanco)". ''HeadBangers Lifestyle''. Retrieved September 24, 2023.[https://www.headbangerslifestyle.com/lifestyle/beauty-lifestyle/beauty-and-lifestyle-profile-13/]</ref> == Ditiro tse dingwe le botshelo jwa botho == * Ka 2004, Cooper o ne a bolela gore go ratana go ne go le thata mo go ene ka ntlha ya go tuma ga rraagwe<ref>Boshorff, Alison (April 3, 2004). "Chips Off The Old Rock: When You Dad's A Rock God, What Are The Chances Of Growing Up Normal? Here Five Girls With A Pop Pedigree Tell Their Extraordinary Tales.: Calico Cooper". ''Daily Mail Weekend''. pp. 20–21. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/mail/040403]</ref>.Cooper o nyetse motshameki Jed Williams ka 2015, kwa Maui, Hawaii.<ref>"Alice Cooper's daughter Calico marries in Hawaii". ''Yahoo Finance''. October 5, 2015. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/alice-coopers-daughter-calico-marries-043153017.html]</ref><ref>Giantino, Linda (June 3, 2021). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Calico Cooper". ''Chaospin''. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://chaospin.com/calico-cooper/]</ref> O ithaopa kwa The Rock, nngwe ya ditikwatikwe tsa basha tsa Alice Cooper's Solid Rock, <ref>"Episode #13 - Go Big or Go Home. (Special Guest: Calico Cooper)". ''Song & Verse Ministries''. August 31, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240724125547/https://songandverseministries.com/2020/08/31/go-big-or-go-home-seeker-2019/]</ref>e leng mokgatlho o o sa direng poelo o o tlhomilweng ke Alice le Sheryl Cooper le Chuck Savale. <ref>Hannah, Jolyn (September 12, 2023). "Rock legend Alice Cooper opening third center for teens in the Valley". ''12News.com''. Retrieved September 16, [https://www.12news.com/article/news/community/alice-cooper-opening-third-center-for-teens-in-the-valley/75-f54dd4f9-5ba9-42e4-aa5d-03b5cd379559 2023]</ref>O ne a thusa go rulaganya lefelo la bobogelo la mabokoso a mantsho mo lefelong leno. <ref>Shollenbarger, Maria (September 27, 2021). "A conversation with Alice Cooper". ''Financial Times''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.ft.com/content/9c338ab3-6445-47ca-91a7-7bb4091dc1a4?commentID=0ac8eac2-5b27-42bf-b9c2-b4a9f6ba53c3]</ref>Gape o kile a nna mmotlelara.<ref>Vogel, Tobias (May 2017). "Interview with Chuck Garric and Calico Cooper/Beastö Blancö". ''Music2U''. Retrieved September 25, 2023.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240523093029/https://www.music2u.de/2017/05/interview-with-chuck-garric-and-calico-cooperbeastoe-blancoe/]</ref><ref>Cooper, Calico. "Calico Cooper - Gallery". ''Official Calico Cooper - Modelling Gallery''. Retrieved September 25, [http://www.officialcalicocooper.com/modelling.html 2023]</ref> == Dipina tsa mmino == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kgathiso !Modiragatsi !Ngwaga !Tshupomolato |- |''Hey Stoopid'' | rowspan="6" |Alice Cooper |1992 |Vocals<ref>Wiederhorn, Jon (October 31, 2018). "Alice Cooper's top 10 Halloween songs to die for". ''www.yahoo.com''. Retrieved September 24, [https://www.yahoo.com/now/alice-coopers-top-10-halloween-songs-to-die-for-213932454.html 2023]</ref> |- |''Alice Cooper: Brutally Live'' |2000 |Performer,<ref>"Calico Cooper". ''Plex Inc.'' Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://watch.plex.tv/person/calico-cooper]</ref>backing vocals |- |''Dragontown'' |2001 |Backing vocals<ref>"Calico Cooper | Credits". ''AllMusic''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/calico-cooper-mn0003035557/credits]</ref> |- |''The Eyes of Alice Cooper'' |2003 |Backing vocals,theremin<ref>"Calico Cooper | Credits". ''AllMusic''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/calico-cooper-mn0003035557/credits]</ref> |- |''Live at Montreux'' |2006 |Perfomer, <ref>"Calico Cooper". ''Plex Inc.'' Retrieved September 22, 2023.[https://watch.plex.tv/person/calico-cooper]</ref>backing vocals |- |''Along Came a Spider'' |2008 |Spoken word, backing vocals<ref>"Calico Cooper | Credits". ''AllMusic''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/calico-cooper-mn0003035557/credits]</ref> |- |"The Last House on the Left" |The 69 Eyes, Wednesday 13, Calico Cooper, and Dani Filth |2019 |Vocals<ref>"Calico Cooper". Retrieved September 23, 2023 – via Apple Music.[https://music.apple.com/us/artist/calico-cooper/1479976741]</ref> |- |''Detroit Stories'' |Alice Cooper | rowspan="2" |2021 |Backing vocals<ref>"Calico Cooper | Credits". ''AllMusic''. Retrieved September 23, 2023.[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/calico-cooper-mn0003035557/credits]</ref> |- |"Films" (Gary Numan cover) |Wednesday 13, Calico Cooper<ref>"Calico Cooper". Retrieved September 23, 2023 – via Apple [https://music.apple.com/us/artist/calico-cooper/1479976741 Music]</ref> | rowspan="2" |Vocals |- |"Love Me Like a Reptile" (Motörhead tribute) |Howling Giant, Calico Cooper, Chuck Garric, and Kyle Juett<ref>"Calico Cooper". Retrieved September 23, 2023 – via Apple Music.[https://music.apple.com/us/artist/calico-cooper/1479976741]</ref> |2022 |} == Metswedi == cy9wo6nvydjo0mm52l4tes6r91e8qwe Baboloki Thebe 0 9484 54314 44115 2026-08-30T00:35:33Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sportsperson|caption=Thebe in 2017|birth_place=[[Ramonaka]], [[Botswana]]|birth_date=997{{!}}3{{!}}18|image=2017-BG Thebe.jpg|height=1.74 m|weight=63 kg|sport=[[Track and field]]|event=[[400 metres]]|coach=Mogomotsi Otsetswe|medaltemplates={{MedalSport | Men's [[Track and field|Athletics]]}} {{MedalCountry | {{BOT}} }} {{MedalCompetition|[[Olympic Games]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[2020 Summer Olympics|2020 Tokyo]]|[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay|4×400 m relay]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2016 African Championships in Athletics|2016 Durban]]| 400 m}} {{MedalGold|[[2016 African Championships in Athletics|2016 Durban]]| 4x400 m relay}} {{MedalGold|[[2018 African Championships in Athletics|2018 Asaba]]|400 m}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Summer Youth Olympics]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[Athletics at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics|2014 Nanjing]]| 200 m}} {{Medal|Competition|[[IAAF Continental Cup|Continental Cup]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2018 IAAF Continental Cup|2018 Ostrava]]|400 m }}|show-medals=Yes|country={{BOT}}}}'''Baboloki Tirelo Thebe''' (O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 1997) ke motabogi wa [[:en:Botswana|motswana]] yoo [[:en:Track_and_field|gaisanang mo lebaleng mo mabelong]] a [[:en:Sprint_(running)|makhutshwane]] bogolo jang lebelong la [[:en:400_metres|dimithara tse di makgolo a mane]](400m). Ennile ene a gapang maemo a bobedi kwa dikgaisanong tsa mabelo a [[:en:Athletics_at_the_2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics|banana a  ngwaga wa 2014]] mo lebelong la [[:en:200_metres|dimithara tsedi makgolo mabedi]].(200m).<ref>[https://worldathletics.org/athletes/botswana/baboloki-thebe-14643508 Baboloki Thebe]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2024-06-7</ref> Oile a fitlhelela seka makgaolakgang mo  dikgaisanong tsa mabelo tsa mafatshe tsa [[:en:Athletics_at_the_2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics|banana ba ba dingwaga tse di fa gare, tsa ngwaga wa 2014]]. Oile a nna le phunyeletso ka ngwaga wa 2016 mo lebelong la dimmithara tse di makgolo mane ka nako ya  44.22 seconds, seo se mmaya mo maemong a boraro mo setlheng seo lefatshe ka bophara, mme ebile gape enna yo mongwe wa ba ba masome a mararo ba eleng dikgantshwane tsa nako tsotlhe mo kgaisanong e.<ref>[https://worldathletics.org/records/toplists/sprints/400-metres/outdoor/men/senior/2016 Senior Outdoor 2016 400 Metres men.] IAAF. Retrieved on 2024-06-7</ref> <ref>[https://worldathletics.org/records/all-time-toplists/sprints/400-metres/outdoor/men/senior Senior Outdoor 400 Metres men All Time Best]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2024-06-7</ref>O gaisane mo mabelong a setlha sa selemo  sa di olimpiki tsa 2016[[:en:2016_Summer_Olympics|(2016 summer Olympics]]) <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160806050639/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/baboloki-thebe THEBE Baboloki]". ''Rio 2016''. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2024</ref>mme lebelo la gagwe le le ko godimo mo lebelong le ke 44:02 leo ale tabogileng ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa 2017.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20211030041448/https://www.tilastopaja.eu/db/allt30.php?Sex=1&Event=All&Age=99&Ind=0 Tilastopaja Oy Track and field statistics]"</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> == Magokaganyi aa kwa Ntle == * [https://worldathletics.org/athletes/-/14643508 Baboloki Thebe] at [[:en:World_Athletics|World Athletics]] * [[:en:World_Athletics|Baboloki Thebe]] at [[:en:Diamond_League|Diamond League]] * [https://olympics.com/en/athletes/baboloki-thebe Baboloki Thebe] at [[:en:International_Olympic_Committee|Olympics.com]] * [https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/132744 Baboloki Thebe] at [[:en:Olympedia|Olympedia]] b8z8c1x0o17koaj6xlhwuy39m4ju3hj Borna Nyaoke-Anoke 0 9890 54318 53827 2026-08-30T01:49:26Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Borna Nyaoke|birth_place=Kenya|education=[[University of Nairobi]]<br/>([[Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery]])<br/>[[Harvard School of Medicine]]<br/>([[Clinical research|Global Clinical Scholars Research Training]])<br/>[[University of Liverpool]]<br/>([[Master of Public Health]])|occupation=[[Physician]] and [[clinical researcher]]|title=Senior Clinical Project Manager & Medical Manager at Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative/ Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership.}} '''Borna Nyaoke''' ke [[:en:Physician|Ngaka]] ya moKenya, gape ele [[:en:Clinical_trial|motlhotlhomise wa tsa botsogo]] jwa batho. O ne a fiwa maemo a Head of Mycetoma Research ka ngwaga wa 2023, o kile a nna Manager of Clinical Trials at [[:en:Drugs_for_Neglected_Diseases_Initiative|Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative]]/ Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (DNDi/GARDP)<ref>[https://dndi.org/our-people/borna-nyaoke/ "Borna Nyaoke | DND"]. ''dndi.org''. Retrieved 1 September2023.</ref><ref>von Delft, Annette; Mowbray, Charles; Nyaoke, Borna (24 December 2021). [https://healthpolicy-watch.news/the-moonshot/ "The Moonshot Crowdsourcing to Develop The First Open-Source, Generic COVID-19 Antiviral Pill - Health Policy Watch"]. ''Health Policy Watch''. Retrieved 17 January 2022.</ref>. Mme Nyaoke o kile a bereka gape ele Clinical Trial Manager at the KAVI (Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative) Institute of Clinical Research, e e kwa [[:en:University_of_Nairobi|Unibesithe ya Nairobi]]<ref>South Centre (25 July 2019). [https://www.southcentre.int/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ReAct-Africa-Annual-Conference-2019-Final-Program.pdf "ReAct Africa and South Centre Conference 2019: Borna Nyaoke Biography"] (PDF). Geneva, Switzerland: Southcentre.int. Retrieved 28 June 2020.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20240518051822/https://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf "Top 40 Women Under 40 in Kenya"] (PDF). ''Business Daily Africa''. 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2020.</ref>. Mme Nyaoke, yo e leng moitsanape wa tsa botsogo, Dr. Dr. Roselyne Okello yo eleng radiologist, Dr. Nida Okumu yo eleng moitsanape yo o remeletseng mo go tsa malwetse a a tshelanwang (infectious diseases), le Dr. Achieng Aling yo sleng ngaka ya tsa botsogo jwa basadi, ba ne ba simolola ''Hema Foundation'', mokgatlho o kwa Nairobi o o sa fiweng madi ke goromente ([[:en:Non-governmental_organization|NGO]]), ka ngwaga wa 2015. Dr. Nyaoke, [[:en:Public_health|moitsanape wa tsa botsogo jwa batho]], together with Dr. Roselyne Okello, a [[:en:Radiology|radiologist]], Dr. Nida Okumu, [[:en:Infection|moitsanape wa infectious diseases]] and Dr. Achieng Aling, ngaka ya [[:en:Obstetrics|baimana]] le [[:en:Gynaecology|basadi]], founded ''Hema Foundation'', a Nairobi-based non-government organisation, in 2015. Bomme ba ba ne ba tsena sekolo sa bongaka mmogo kwa Nairobi. Hema Foundation e remeletse mo go thuseng banyana ba nnang gaufi le teropo ya Nairobi ba dingwaga tse di lesome le bosupa (17) go ya kwa tlase. E ba thusa go ba lekodisa, go ba alafa malwetse, le go rotloetsa gore banyana ba ithute ka STEM, go ba thusa ka boitsanape, le tsa botsogo jwa tlhaloganyo (counselling)<ref>In Our Hands Organization (2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200217121154/http://inourhands.org.ng/2018/09/19/meet-the-founders-of-hema-foundation/ "Meet the Founders of Hema Foundation"]. In Our Hands Organization Nigeria. Retrieved 28 June 2020.</ref>. == Botshelo le Pereko == Mme Borna Nyaoke o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1987 kwa [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]], o ne a tsena ko dikolong tsa Kenya go simolola ka bonnyenyane jwa gagwe, go fitlhela sekolo se segolwane, O ne a felela a tsena kwa [[:en:University_of_Nairobi|Unibesithe ya Nairobi]], kwa a ne a ithuta tsa [[:en:Medicine|bongaka jwa batho]], a fetsa ka setlankana sa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery|Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB)]]. A felela a tsena kwa [[:en:University_of_Liverpool|Unibesithe ya Liverpool]] a fia setlankana sa [[:en:Professional_degrees_of_public_health|Master of Public Health (MPH)]], a remeletse mo go tsa tiriso ya ditlamelo tsa botsogo. O tsene gape kwa dithutong tsa [[:en:Clinical_trial|clinical trials]]<ref name=":0" /> ko Global Clinical Scholars Research Training (GCSRT) Program, kwa [[:en:Harvard_Medical_School|Harvard School of Medicine]]. Fa a fetsa setlankana sa gagne sa degree sa ntla, o ne a bereka kwa [[:en:Kenyatta_National_Hospital|Kenyatta National Hospital]], a felela a ya go bereka ele [[:en:Physician|ngaka]] kwa [[:en:The_Nairobi_Hospital|The Nairobi Hospital]]. Go simolola ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole, ngwaga wa 2018 o berekile kwa DNDi/GARDP, ele moeteledipele wa di clinical trial. Gape go simolola ka Ferikgong 2015 o ne a tlhophiwa ele mongwe wa baeteledipele ([[:en:Executive_director|executive director)]] kwa Health and Wellness Solutions Limited, kgwebo e e remeletseng mo go tsa botsogo, e e thusang batho ka mananeo a botsogo. Ka Seetebosigo 2018 Mme Nyaoke o ne a gatisa dipampiri tsa ditlhotlhomiso tsa gagwe mo dikgatisong tse di balwang ke dingaka le ba botsogo, tse dingwe di ka bona mo metsweding kwa tlase<ref>Researchgate (June 2020). [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Borna-Nyaoke "Medical Publications By Borna Nyaoke"]. Retrieved 28 June 2020.</ref>. Mme Nyaoke o ne a fa mabaka a gore Batho ba Kenya ba kile ba bo ba tshela lebaka pele ga ba ja dijo tse di highly processed mme ba sa exercise. Ka go direng jalo ba oketsa palo ya non-communicable diseases mo sechabeng, malwetse a dirwa ke dijo tse di jewang gompieno, le gore batho ga ba itshikinye mebele ya bone<ref>Eric Nyakagwa and Cheptoek Boyo (24 May 2020). [https://diasporamessenger.com/2019/04/njonjo-moi-moody-wazee/ "Njonjo , Moi, Moody: Why these Wazee Are Still Up And Running"] (Also appeared in Sde.co.ke). Nairobi: Diaspora Messenger. Retrieved 28 June 2020.</ref>. == Dietseele == * 2017 : Named "Top 40 Women Under 40 in Kenya" by the [[:en:Nation_Media_Group|Nation Media Group]]<ref name=":0" />. == O ka leba ba ba latelang == * [[:en:Elizabeth_Itotia|Elizabeth Itotia]] * [[:en:Esperance_Luvindao|Esperance Luvindao]] * [[:en:Sylvia_Shitsama_Nyamweya|Shitsama Nyamweya]] * [[:en:Stellah_Wairimu_Bosire-Otieno|Stellah Wairimu Bosire-Otieno]] == Metswedi == <references /> == Metswedi e mengwe == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240612203517/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/science-health/africa-launches-covid-treatment-clinical-trial-3214852 Africa Launches Largest Covid Treatment Clinical Trial] As of 1 December 2020. h7non5tnxkjf0rfvyga1upde08pa5e5 Bokgoba mo Aforika 0 10531 54316 47121 2026-08-30T01:31:17Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54316 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Burning of a Village in Africa, and Capture of its Inhabitants (p.12, February 1859, XVI) - Copy.jpg|thumb|Go tshubiwa ga motse kwa Aforika le go tshwarwa ga banni ba one ka ngwaga wa 1859, kgwedi ya Tlhakole.<ref>"[[iarchive:wesleyanjuvenil07socigoog|Burning of a Village in Africa, and Capture of its Inhabitants]]". ''Wesleyan Juvenile Offering''. '''XVI''': 12. February 1859. Retrieved 27 May 2025.</ref>]] Go tswa goo lowe, bokgoba bo aname le kgaolo ya [[Aferika|Aforika]]. Dithulaganyo tsa botlhanka le bokgoba di kile tsa bo di tlwaelesegile thata mo dikarolong dingwe tsa Aforika, fela jaaka di ne di tlwaelesegile mo metlheng ya bogologolo.<ref>Stilwell, Sean (2013), "Slavery in African History", ''Slavery and Slaving in African History'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 38, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/slavery-and-slaving-in-african-history/slavery-in-african-history/13784B27AE241E7705D4974746AF4A51 10.1017/cbo9781139034999.003], [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-139-03499-9|978-1-139-03499-9]]</bdi>, <q>For most Africans between 10000 BCE to 500 CE, the use of slaves was not an optimal political or economic strategy. But in some places, Africans came to see the value of slavery. In the large parts of the continent where Africans lived in relatively decentralized and small-scale communities, some big men used slavery to grab power to get around broader governing ideas about reciprocity and kinship, but were still bound by those ideas to some degree. In other parts of the continent early political centralization and commercialization led to expanded use of slaves as soldiers, officials, and workers.</q></ref> Fa dikgwebo tsa makgoba di akaretsa ya [[:en:Trans-Saharan_slave_trade|trans-Sahara]], [[:en:Red_Sea_slave_trade|Red Sea]], [[:en:Indian_Ocean_slave_trade|Indian Ocean]] le [[:en:Atlantic_slave_trade|Atlantic]] di ne di simologa, bontsi jwa dithulaganyo tsa thekiso ya makgoba tse di neng di le teng mo Aforika, di ne tsa simolodisa go rekisa batshwarwa, di ba rekisetsa dikgwebo tsa bokgoba tse di kwa ntle ga Aforika.<ref name=":0">Lovejoy, Paul E. (2012). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20250602192651/http://assets.cambridge.org/97805211/76187/frontmatter/9780521176187_frontmatter.pdf Transformations of Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa]''. London: Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref>Sparks, Randy J. (2014). "4. [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674724877 The Process of Enslavement at Annamaboe". ''Where the Negroes are Masters : An African Port in the Era of the Slave Trade'']. [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/ Harvard University Press]. pp. 122–161. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780674724877|9780674724877]]</bdi>.</ref> Bokgoba bo santse bo le teng mo Aforika wa gompieno mo dikgaolong dingwe, le fa bo se ka fa molaong. Mo dikwalong tse di tshwanetseng, bokgoba jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] bo kgaogantswe ka mefuta e mebedi; bokgoba jwa tlholego le jwa thomelo kwa ntle, go ya ka gore a makgoba a ne rekisiwa kwa ntle ga Aforika kgotsa nnyaa.<ref name=":1">Dirk Bezemer, Jutta Bolt, Robert Lensink, [https://www.aehnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/AEHN-WP-6.pdf "Slavery, Statehood and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa"], AFRICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY WORKING PAPER SERIES, No. 6/2012, p. 6</ref> Bokgoba mo ditsong tsa Aforika bo ne bo dirwa ka mekgwa e e farologaneng; [[:en:Debt_bondage|bokgoba jwa sekoloto]], bokgoba jwa magolegwa, bokgoba jwa sesole, bokgoba jwa thekiso ya mmele le bokgoba jwa dikebekwa bo ne bo dirwa mo mafelong a a farologaneng mo Aforika<ref>Foner, Eric (2012). ''[[iarchive:give-me-liberty-an-american-history-eric-foner-z-lib.org|Give Me Liberty: An American History]]''. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 18.</ref>. Bokgoba jwa selegae le jwa dikgotlatshekelo bo ne bo aname mo Aforika ka bophara. Bokgoba jwa dpolasi le bone bo ne bo le teng, bo remeletse thata kwa lotshitshing lo lo kwa botlhaba jwa Aforika le kwa dikgaolong dingwe tsa bophirima jwa Aforika. Boleng jwa bokgoba jwa selegae jwa dipolasi bo ne jwa golela pele ka sedikadike sa dingwaga di le lesome le boferabongwe, ka ntlha ya go kganelwa ga thekiso ya makgoba ya Atlantic. Mafatshe a a Aforika a le mantsi a a neng a ikaegile ka thekiso ya makgoba ya mafatshefatshe a ne a fetolela di itsholelo tsa one kwa thekisong e e ka fa molaong mme go bereka makgoba.<ref>David Eltis; Stanley L. Engerman; Seymour Drescher; David Richardson, eds. (2017). "Slavery in Africa, 1804-1936". [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/the-cambridge-world-history-of-slavery/DDBD4D7ECCB2B8A2C5D97E3609511366 ''The Cambridge World History of Slavery''.] Vol. 4. New York: Cambridge University Press. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-world-history-of-slavery/DDBD4D7ECCB2B8A2C5D97E3609511366 10.1017/9781139046176]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781139046176|9781139046176]]</bdi>.</ref> {{Quote|quote="Makgoba mo Aforika, ke akanyetsa, a ka tswa a le mararo mo mothong a le mongwe o o gololesegileng. Ba supa fa ba sa batle tuelo ya ditiro tsa bone fa e se dijo le diaparo fela, mme ba tshwarwa sentle ka bopelokgale, go ya ka bontle kgotsa bo maswe jwa mekgwa ya beng ba bone. Ngwao le fa go ntse jalo, e na le melao mengwe ka go tshwarwa ga makgoba, e go supiwang fa go e tlola e le matlhabisaditlhong. Ka jalo makgoba a mo gae kgotsa a a a belegelwang mo ntlong ya monna, a tshwarwa botoka go na le a a rekilweng ka madi...mme melao e ya nonofo ya mong ga e atolosediwe kwa magolegweng a ntwa kgotsa makgoba a a rekilweng ka madi. Batho ba ka maswabi ba bonwa e le batswakwa, ba ba senang tshwanelo ya tshireletso ya molao, ka jalo ba ka tshwarwa bokgwakgwa, kgotsa ba rekisediwa batho ba ba sa ba itseng, go ya ka fa beng ba bone ba ratang ka teng.|source=<nowiki>Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], </nowiki>''Travels in the Interior of Africa'' [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/5305 v. II, Chapter XXII – War and Slavery|title=Metsamao mo Aforika}} == Mefuta == Mefuta e le mentsi ya bokgoba le botlhanka e nnile teng mo ditsong tsa Aforika, e ne e bopiwa ke tlholego ya ditiro tsa bokgoba ga mmogo le [[:en:Slavery_in_ancient_Rome|bokgoba jwa nako ya Roma]] wa bogologolo (le ka fa BaKeresete ba neng ba leba bokgoba ka teng), [[:en:Islamic_views_on_slavery|bokgoba jwa tumelo ya Islam]] ka thekiso ya makgoba ya batho ba Muslim, le [[:en:Atlantic_slave_trade|thekiso ya makgoba ya lewatle ya Atlantic]].<ref name=":0" /> Bokgoba e ne e le bontlha bongwe jwa itsholelo ya merafe ya Aforika didikadike tsa dingwaga di le dintsi, le fa selekanyo se ne se farologana.<ref name=":0" /> [[:en:Ibn_Battuta|Ibn Battuta]], o o etetseng bogosi jwa pele jwa [[Mali]], o supa fa banni ba mo gae ba ne ba phadisanya ka dipalo tsa makgoba le batlhanka ba ba neng ba na le bone, mme le ene a ne a abiwa e le mosimanyane wa lekgoba e le mpho ya kamogelo baeng.<ref>Noel King (ed.), ''Ibn Battuta in Black Africa'', Princeton 2005, p. 54.</ref> Mo kgaolong ya [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|borwa jwa sekaka sa Sahara]] (Sub-Sahara), botsalano jwa bokgoba bo ne bo le matswakabele, makgoba a ne a neelwa ditshwanelo le kgololesego,mme beng ba bone ba ne ba beelwa tekanyetso ya ka fa ba ka ba tshwarang ka teng le ka fa ba ka ba rekisang ka teng.<ref name=":2">Fage, J.D. (1969). "Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Context of West African History". ''The Journal of African History''. '''10''' (3): 393–404. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/african-slavery-and-other-forms-of-social-oppression-on-the-upper-guinea-coast-in-the-context-of-the-atlantic-slavetrade/BDA21CCCA909F9C6089D568920C5D348 10.1017/s0021853700036343]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fba920a10bae6b91438fa40ba124f73780ccabb0 162902339.]</ref> Merafe e le mentsi e ne e na le tlhatlologanyo gareng ga mefuta e e farologaneng ya bokgoba: sekai, go farologanngwa ba ba tsholetsweng mo bokgobeng le ba ba neng ba thopilwe mo dintweng.<ref name=":3">Rodney, Walter (1966). "African Slavery and Other Forms of Social Oppression on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Context of the Atlantic Slave-Trade". ''The Journal of African History''. '''7''' (3): 431–443. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/african-slavery-and-other-forms-of-social-oppression-on-the-upper-guinea-coast-in-the-context-of-the-atlantic-slavetrade/BDA21CCCA909F9C6089D568920C5D348 10.1017/s0021853700006514]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/180112 180112]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/African-Slavery-and-other-Forms-of-Social-on-the-in-Rodney/a1c0b2a1e0c5ccb15b18de26860c259168cf5f2a 162649628.]</ref> Mefuta ya bokgoba mo Aforika e ne e tsamaelana le neelano ya losika. Mo merafeng e ele mentsi ya Aforika, motho o ne a sa kgone go nna le lefatshe, ka jalo bokgoba bo ne bo dirisiwa e le tsela ya go oketsa tlhotleletso e motho a neng a na le yone, le go atolosa dikamano tsa gagwe.<ref name=":4">Snell, Daniel C. (2011). "[https://www.u-cursos.cl/derecho/2021/2/D121D01150/1/material_docente/bajar?id=4521694&lsar=1&file=3 Slavery in the Ancient Near East]". In Keith Bradley and Paul Cartledge (ed.). ''The Cambridge World History of Slavery''. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 4–21.</ref> Se se ne sa dira gore makgoba a nne losika lwa beng ba one ga se nnela ruri, bana ba makgoba ba amane thata le ba lolwapa.<ref name=":0" /> Bana ba makgoba ba ba tsholetsweng mo malwapeng ba ne ba tsenngwa mo ditlhopheng tsa losika lwa mong wa bone mme ba nne le maemo a a fa godingwana mo sechabeng, bangwe ba felele ba nna dikgosi.<ref name=":3" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, tlhaolele e ne e kgona go nna teng, mme go nne le kgaogano e e tlhwafetseng gareng ga makgoba a losika longwe le ba ba sikanang le mong wa bone.<ref name=":4" /> === Bokgoba jwa dithoto === Bokgoba jwa dithoto ke botsalano jwa botlhanka mo go bone lekgoba le tsewang jaaka thoto ya mong wa lone. Ka jalo, mong o na le teseletso ya go rekisa, go amogana kgotsa go dirisa lekgoba jaaka a ka dirisa dithoto tse dingwe tsa gagwe, mme bana ba lekgoba gantsi ba salele go nna dithoto tsa mong.<ref name=":5">Alexander, J. (2001). "Islam, Archaeology and Slavery in Africa". ''World Archaeology''. '''33''' (1): 44–60. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00438240120047627 10.1080/00438240126645]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/827888 827888.]</ref> Go na le bosupi jwa ditso tsa bokgoba jwa dithoto kwa nokeng ya [[:en:Nile|Nile]], kgaolo ya Sahel le kwa bokone jwa Aforika. Bosupi jo ga bo a felela fa go tla mo go tseneleleng le ka fa bo neng bo dirwa ka teng mo kgaolong ya Aforika pele ga dikgatiso tsa bagwebi ba Arabea le ba Europe.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Gaspar, D. B. (1998). ''[https://iupress.org/9780253210432/more-than-chattel/ More than chattel: black women and slavery in the Americas]''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.</ref> === Tirelo ya mo gae === Dikamano tsa bokgoba di le dintsi mo Aforika di ne di amana le bokgoba jwa selegae, kwa makgoba a neng a bereka thata mo ntlong ya mong wa bone, mme ba na le kgololesego nngwe. Makgoba a mo gae ba ne ba supiwa fa e le bontlha bongwe jwa lolwapa lwa mong wa bone mme ba se ke ba rekisediwe ba bangwe go sena sepe se se bakang thekiso e se se tseneletseng. Makgoba a ne a kgona go tsaya dipoelo tsa ditiro tsa bone, ba kgona go nyala le go fetisetsa lefatshe kwa baneng ba bone.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/domestic-work-and-slavery/ "Domestic Slavery: What Is It?"]. Anti-Slavery International.</ref> === Go dirisediwa Sekoloto === Go dirisediwa dikoloto go akaretsa go dirisa batho go nna tshireletso ya tuelo ya sekoloto. Tiro ya bokgoba e dirwa ke o o kolotang kgotsa losika lwa gagwe (gantsi go dirisiwa ngwana). E ne e le mofuta o o tlwaelesegileng wa tshireletso ya sekoloto kwa bophirima jwa Aforika. Go ne go akaretsa go tlhopha motho kgotsa wa lolwapa lwa gagwe go direla motho o mongwe. Go dirisediwa sekoloto go ne go amana mme go le pharologanyo le bokgoba mo megopolong e mentsi, ka gore thulaganyo e ne e ka akaretsa melawana ya tiro e e tshwanentseng go dirwa, mme gape losika lo ne lo ka sireletsa motho go rekisiwa. Go dirisediwa sekoloto go ne go tlwaelesegile kwa bophirima jwa Aforika jaaka mo bathong ba lotso lwa [[:en:Akan_people|Akan]], [[:en:Ewe_people|Ewe]], [[:en:Ga-Adangbe|Ga]], [[:en:Yoruba_people|Yoruba]] le [[:en:Edo_people|Edo]] pele ga dipuisano le ba Europa. (Go ne go le teng gape mo bathong ba ditso tsa [[:en:Efik_people|Efik]], [[:en:Igbo_people|Igbo]], [[:en:Ijaw_people|Ijaw]] le [[:en:Fon_people|Fon]].)<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E.; Richardson, David (2001). "The Business of Slaving: Pawnship in Western Africa, c. 1600–1810". ''The Journal of African History''. '''42''' (1): 67–89. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/business-of-slaving-pawnship-in-western-africa-c-16001810/BCF564EFACF2D4B27F89A6A9FDC0CBA3 10.1017/S0021853700007787]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/661a231f995e17ad2d170a577419f733f5a82b35 145386643.]</ref><ref>Paul E. Lovejoy; Toyin Falola, eds. (2003). ''[https://africaworldpressbooks.com/pawnship-slavery-and-colonialism-in-africa-edited-by-toyin-falola-and-paul-e-lovejoy/ Pawnship, Slavery, and Colonialism in Africa]''. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.</ref> === Bokgoba jwa Sesole === [[Setshwantsho:Victims for sacrifice-1793.jpg|thumb|Makgoba a ntshiwa ditlhabelo kwa [[:en:Annual_Customs_of_Dahomey|moletlong wa ngwao wa ngwaga le ngwaga kwa Dahome]]<nowiki/>y - go tswa mo [[:en:Archibald_Dalzel|ditsong tsa Dahomy, bogosi jwa kwa Aforika]], ka ngwaga wa 1793.]] Bokgoba jwa sesole bo ne bo akaretsa go gapa le go katisa makgotlana a sesole mo ba tla salang ba ntse ba le makgoba a masole le morago ga tiro ya bone.<ref name=":6">Johnson, Douglas H. (1989). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/482742 The Structure of a Legacy: Military Slavery in Northeast Africa". ''Ethnohistory'']. '''36''' (1): 72–88. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.jstor.org/stable/482742?origin=crossref 10.2307/482742]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/482742 482742.]</ref> Ditlhopha tsa makgoba a masole di ne di etelelwa pele ke motshegetsi, o e ka tswang e le tlhogo ya puso nngwe kgotsa molaodi o o ikemetseng, o o tlaa romelang masole a gagwe gore a bone madi le go ikgotsofatsa mo go tsa sepolotiki.<ref name=":6" /> Se se ne se tlwaelesegile thata mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Nile (bogolo jang kwa [[Sudan]] le [[Uganda]]), ka makgotla a makgoba a masole a rulagantswe ke baeteledipele ba ba farologaneng ba tumelo ya Islam,<ref name=":6" /> le magosi a dintwa kwa bophirima jwa Aforika.<ref>Wylie, Kenneth C. (1969). "Innovation and Change in Mende Chieftaincy 1880–1896". ''The Journal of African History''. '''10''' (2): 295–308. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/innovation-and-change-in-mende-chieftaincy-18801896/ED284BFEF6E79D694EE6B5253330F70D 10.1017/s0021853700009531]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/179516 179516].</ref> Makgotla a sesole kwa Sudan a simolodisitswe ka dingwaga tsa 1800 ka go tlhasela mo gogolo ga sesole kwa kgaolong e o, e gompieno e leng mafatshe a Sudan le [[South Sudan]].<ref name=":6" /> === Makgoba a setlhabelo === Go dira batho ditlhabelo go ne go tlwaelesegile kwa mafatsheng a a kwa bophirima jwa Aforika go fitlhelela ka didikadike tsa dingwaga tsa lesome le boferabongwe. Le ntswa bosupi jwa marope bo sa tlhapa mo dikgannyeng tsa pele ga kamano le batho ba Yuropa, mo merafeng e e neng e ntsha batho ditlhabelo, makgoba e ne e le one a gantsi a tswang setlhabelo.<ref name=":1" /> Meletlo ya ngwao ya ngwaga le ngwaga kwa [[:en:Annual_Customs_of_Dahomey|Dahomey]] e ne e le yone sekai segolo sa go ntshiwa setlhabelo ga makgoba, kwa magolegwa a le makgolo a matlhano a neng a ntshiwa setlhabelo. Ditlhabelo di ne di di dirwa mo lotshitshing lwa bbophirima jwa Aforika le mo motseng. Ditlhabelo di ne di tlwaelesegile kwa bogosing jwa [[Benin]] kwa jaanong e leng borwa jwa [[Nigeria]], le mo mafatsheng a le mmalwa a mannye a a ikemetseng ka nosi mo kgaolong eo. Kwa [[:en:Ashanti_Region|kgaolong ya Ashanti]], ditlhabelo tsa batho di ne di kopanngwa le katlholelo loso.<ref>Williams, Clifford. (1988). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/219449 Asante: Human Sacrifice or Capital Punishment? An Assessment of the Period 1807-1874"]. ''The International Journal of African Historical Studies''. '''21''' (3): 433–441. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.jstor.org/stable/219449?origin=crossref 10.2307/219449]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/219449 219449.]</ref><ref>R. Rummel (1997)"''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=N1j1QdPMockC&redir_esc=y Death by government]''". Transaction Publishers. p.63. ISBN 1-56000-927-6</ref><ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/topic/human-sacrifice Human Sacrifice]". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 27 May 2025.</ref> === Kgwebo ka makgoba mo gae === [[Setshwantsho:Young slave women in Luanda.jpg|thumb|Makgarejwana a makgoba kwa [[Luanda]], c. 1897]] Merafe e le mentsi jaaka ya kwa [[:en:Bono_state|Bono]], [[:en:Asante_Empire|Ashanti]] le kwa e leng [[Ghana]] gompieno le batho ba morafe wa [[:en:Yoruba_people|Yoruba]] ba kwa [[Nigeria]] ba ne ba tsaya karolo mo go gwebeng ka makgoba. <ref>Peterson, Derek R.; Gavua, Kodzo; Rassool, Ciraj (2 March 2015). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=Om12BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA113&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false The Politics of Heritage in Africa]''. Cambridge University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-107-09485-7|978-1-107-09485-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Ditlhopha di tshwana le sa [[:en:Imbangala|Imbangala]] sa kwa [[Angola]] le [[:en:Nyamwezi_people|Nyamwez]]<nowiki/>i kwa [[Tanzania]] di ne di golaganya bagwebi ka go tsisa dintwa mo mafatsheng a Aforika go tshwara batho gore ba ba rekise jaaka makgoba. Mabutswapele [[:en:John_Thornton_(historian)|John Thornton]] le [[:en:Linda_Heywood|Linda Heywood]] ba kwa [[:en:Boston_University|Boston University]] ba akanyeditse gore mo bathong ba Aforika ba ba tshwerweng mme ba rekisiwa mo kgwebong ya Atlantic jaaka makgoba, ba le masome a ferabongwe mo lekgolong ba ne ba nna magolegwa a ma Aforika jaaka bone ba ba neng ba ba rekisetsa bagwebi ba kwa Europe.<ref name=":7">Gates Jr., Henry Louis (23 April 2010). [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html "Ending the Slavery Blame-Game"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909024820/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html Archived] from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2025.</ref> Modulasetilo wa dithuto tsa Aforika le [[USA|Amerika]] kwa Harvard, [[:en:Henry_Louis_Gates_Jr.|Henry Louis Gates]], o supile gore fa go ka bo go ne ga seka ga nna le botsalano jwa kgwebo gareng ga batho ba maemo ba Aforika le bagwebi ba kwa [[:en:Europe|Europe]], go ka bo go ne ga se ka ga kgonagala gore go nne le thekiso ya makgoba, kgotsa ya seka ya nna bokete jo bo nnileng.<ref name=":7" /> Morafe wa [[:en:Bubi_people|Bubi]] otlhe ke ditlogolwana tsa makgoba a merafe e e kopaneng, a a neng a tshaba, beng ba one e le merafe ya kwa bophirma jwa Aforika ya bogologolo. == Mekgwa ka dikgaolo == [[Setshwantsho:Queen Ranavalona I of Madagascar engraving.jpg|thumb|Makgoba a kwa Malagasy a tshotse mohumagadi [[:en:Ranavalona_I|Ranavalona]] wa ntlha wa kwa [[Madagascar|Madagascar.]]]] Jaaka dikgaolo tse dingwe mo lefatsheng ka bophara, bokgoba le botlhanka di ne di le teng mo magosing a mantsi le merafe ya Aforika dingwaga di ka nna lekgolo.<ref>Manning, Patrick (1983). "Contours of Slavery and Social Change in Africa". ''American Historical Review''. '''88''' (4): 835–857. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1874022?origin=crossref 10.2307/1874022.] [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1874022 1874022]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Contours-of-Slavery-and-Social-Change-in-Africa-Manning/608700f4a0e9379beccccc82d14535857200c6a9 155847068.]</ref><ref name=":2" /> Ugo Kwokeji o boletse fa dipego tsa kwa Europe tsa bokgoba mo Aforika ka dingwaga tsa 1600 di sa ikanyege, a re di ne di kopakopanya mefuta e e farologaneng ya bodiredi le bokgoba jwa dithoto.<ref>Kwokeji, G. Ugo (2011). "Slavery in Non-Islamic West Africa, 1420–1820". In David Eltis and Stanley Engerman (ed.). ''The Cambridge World History of Slavery, Volume II''. pp. 81–110.</ref> Bosupi jo bo tletseng jwa mekgwa ya bokgoba mo Aforika bo tswa mo magosing a konokono, bogolo jang a a mo lotshitshing lwa noka, go na le bosupi bo se kae jwa go anama ga bokgoba mo merafeng e e senang babusi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Go gweba ka makgoba go ne go sala morago dikgwebo tse dingwe; mme le fa go ntse jalo, go na le bosupi jwa tsela ya go gweba ka makgoba e e kopanyanang borwa le bokone jwa Aforika (trans-Sahara), tsela e e tswa kwa dinakong tsa Roma mme e nnile teng le morago ga go wa ga bogosi jwa Roma.<ref name=":5" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, dikamano tsa losika le ditshwanelo tse di neng di neetswe makgoba di supa fa di ne di fokotsa go anama ga go gweba ka bokgoba pele ga tshimololo ya kgwebo ya bokgoba ya borwa jwa Aforika le bokone, lewatle la Indian le la Atlantic.<ref name=":2" /> === Bokone jwa Aforika === [[Setshwantsho:Slave Market, Mono version.jpg|thumb|Magolegwa a Kushite ba ntwa e e neng e lebeletswe ke batho ba Egypt, ba emetse go isiwa kwa Egypt. Setshwantsho se tswa mo lebitleng la Horemheb kwa Saqqara.]] Bokgoba mo bokone jwa Aforika bo simologile ka Egepeto wa pele. Ba ne ba tsisa palo e ntsi ya makgoba e le magolegwa a ntwa kwa nokeng ya Nile mme ba ba dirisa ditiro tsa mo gae le tse ba okamelwang.<ref>Snell, Daniel C. (2011). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-world-history-of-slavery/slavery-in-the-ancient-near-east/E9871B0E91F592E905BFC90BA83796CC "Slavery in the ancient Near East"]. In K. Bradley, and P. Cartledge (ed.). ''The Cambridge World History of Slavery''. Vol. 1. [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press]]. pp. 16–17.</ref> Bogosi jwa Egpt jwa Ptolemaic bo ne bo dirisa ditsela tsa mmu le tsa lewatle go tsisa makgoba.<ref>Thompson, Dorothy J. (2011). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-world-history-of-slavery/slavery-in-the-hellenistic-world/B41D58A4F47E53A50EE74FA222510ABA "Slavery in the Hellenistic world"]. In K. Bradley, and P. Cartledge (ed.). ''The Cambridge World History of Slavery''. Vol. 1. [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press]]. p. 207. <q>For the slave-owners of Ptolemaic Egypt, Africa was an obvious source of slaves, and both land and sea routes from the south were well used</q></ref> Bokgoba jwa dithoto bo ne bo letlelelwa e bile bo aname le bokone jwa Aforika. Kgwebo ya makgoba e e neng ya tsisa batho ba feta ka sekaka sa Saraha go ya kwa bokone jwa Aforika, e e neng e le teng ka nako ya bogosi jwa Roma, e ne ya tswelela, bosupi jwa kgaso kwa nokeng ya Nile bo supa fa go ne go laolwa ka tumalano. <ref name=":5" /> Fa lefatshe la Roma le gola, le na la dira baba ba lone ba le neng le ba fentse makgoba.Sekai, Moruti wa Roma ebong Orosius o kwadile fa Roma a dirile batho ba le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bosupa makgoba go tswa kwa bokone jwa Aforika ka ngwaga wa 256 pele ga botsalo jwa ga Keresete.<ref>Bradley, Keith (2011). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-world-history-of-slavery/slavery-in-the-roman-republic/B5BF9A9DD0403C2F02B612147A34426C "Slavery in the Roman Republic"]. In K. Bradley, and P. Cartledge (ed.). ''The Cambridge World History of Slavery''. Vol. 1. [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press]]. p. 246.</ref> Bokgoba jwa dithoto bo ne jwa tswelela morago ga go phutlhama ga bogosi jwa Roma mo merafeng ya SeKeresete ya kgaolo eo.<ref>Fisher, Alan (1980). "Chattel Slavery in the Ottoman Empire". ''Slavery & Abolition''. '''1''' (1): 25–45. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01440398008574806 10.1080/01440398008574806]. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0144-039X 0144-039X.]</ref> Morago ga go atolosiwa ga kgwebo ya tumelo ya Islam mo kgaolong ya Sahara,<ref>Aden, John Akare; Hanson, John H. "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt16gh7ps Legacies of the Past Themes in African History]". ''Legacies of the Past''.</ref> mekgwa e ne ya tswelela mme mofuta wa bokgoba o o tlwaelesegilrng o wa anama le merafe e e mo borwa jwa Sahara (jaaka kwa [[Mali]], [[:en:Songhai_Empire|Songhai]] le kwa Ghana).<ref name=":0" /> Go gweba ka makgoba ga metlha ya bogologolo kwa Europe,go ke go remeletse kea botlhaba le kwa borwa. Bogosi jwa SeKeresete jwa [[:en:Byzantine_Empire|Byzantine]] le ba ba salang morago tumelo ya Muslim, e ne e le one magorogelo, fa legare le botlhaba jwa Europe e ne e le metswedi ya botlhokwa ya makgoba.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24159 Historical survey > The international slave trade"]. ''Britannica.com''.</ref> Go gweba ka makgoba ga metlha ya pele kwa Europe, go ne go dirwa ke BaKeresete le Bajuta. Makgoba a pele ba e seng Ma Arabea ba ba neng ba itsege ka leina la [[:en:Mamluk|Mamluk]], e ne e le masole a makgoba ba ba neng na fetogela kwa tumelong ya Islam mme ba direla baeteledipele ba Muslim ba dingwaga tsa legare. Go ya ka Robert Davis, batho ba Europe ba le sedikadike se le sengwe ba ne ba tshwarwa ke bakghuthsi ba dikepe mme ba rekisiwa ele makgoba, ba rekisediwa bokone jwa Aforika le [[:en:Ottoman_Empire|Ottoman Empire]].<ref>Davis, Robert C. (December 2003). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=5q9zcB3JS40C&redir_esc=y Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800]''. [[:en:London|London]]: [[:en:Palgrave_Macmillan|Palgrave Macmillan]]. p. 45. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0333719664|978-0333719664]]</bdi>. Retrieved 28 May 2025.</ref> <ref name=":8">Grabmeier, Jeff (8 March 2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110725220038/http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/whtslav.htm "When Europeans Were Slaves: Research Suggest White Slavery Was Much More Common Than Previously Believed"]. ''researchnews.osu.edu''. [[:en:Columbus,_Ohio|Columbus]], Ohio: OSU News Research Archive. [http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/whtslav.htm Archived] from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2025.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go fopholetsa dipalo tsa gagwe, Davis o akanyetsa gore diplao tsa makgoba a kwa Europe a a neng a tshwerwe ke dithukuthi tsa dikepe, di ne di tshwana ka dinako tsotlhe mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano, o supile gore: {{Quote|quote="Ga gona dikgatiso tsa gore banna, basadi le bana ba ne ba le kae ka dipalo ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, mme go a kgonagala go balelela palo ya magolegwa a masha e e neng e ka tlhokiwa go dira gore palo ya batho e itshetlele le go emisetsa makgoba a a tlhokafetseng, a a tshabileng, a a rekolotsweng le a a fetogetseng kwa tumelo ya Islam. Mo motheong o, go akanyediwa gore makgoba a ka nna dikete di ferabobedi a masha a ne a tlhokafala ngwaga le ngwaga go emisetsa dipalo. Mo dingwageng di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano mo dingwageng tsa 1530 go tsena ka 1780, palo e e ne e ka goroga kwa go sedikadike, dikete di le makgolo mabedi le masome a matlhano (1,250,000)|quotesource=}} <ref name=":9">Carroll, Rory (11 March 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/mar/11/highereducation.books "New book reopens old arguments about slave raids on Europe".] ''The Guardian''. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0261-3077 0261-3077]. Retrieved 28 May 2025.</ref> Dipalo tsa ga Davis di kgadilwe ke baitseanape ba ditso ba bangwe, ba tshwana le David Earle, o o tlhagisang gore setshwantsho sa boammaruri sa bokgoba se tsietsa ka gore batho ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi le bone ba ne ba tshwara batho basweu ba e seng BaKeresete go tswa kwa botlhaba jwa Europe, le batho bantsho go tswa kwa bophirima jwa Aforika.<ref name=":9" /> Fa godimo ga foo, palo ya makgoba a go gwebilweng ka one e ne e feteletse, ka dipalo kakanyetso tse di feteletseng thata. Moitseanape wa botlhaba jwa legare John Wright o tlhagisa gore dikakanyetso tsa gompieno di ikaegile ka go balelela ga batho ba ba neng ba etse tlhoko.<ref>Wright, John (2007). "Trans-Saharan Slave Trade". Routledge.</ref> Metse le ditoropo tsa mafatshe a [[Italia|Italy]], [[Portugal]], [[:en:Spain|Spain]] le [[:en:List_of_islands_in_the_Mediterranean|Mediterranean Islands]] e e mo lotshitshing, e ne e tshwenngwa ke go tlhaselwa ke bathukuthi ba dikepe ka jalo metse e e gaufi thata le lewatle banni ba yone ba ne ba dule mo go yone; morago ga ngwaga wa 1600 bathukuthi ba ne ba tsena kwa [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic]] gangwe le gape ba goroge bokgakala jwa [[:en:Iceland|Iceland]]. Magodu a lewatle a a neng a itsege thata e ne ele batho ba bogosi jwa Ottoman e bong [[:en:Hayreddin_Barbarossa|Barbarossa]] le mogolowe [[:en:Aruj_Barbarossa|Oruc]], [[:en:Dragut|Turgut Reis]] (o o neng a itsege jaaka [[:en:Dragut|Dragut]] kwa bophirima), [[:en:Kurtoğlu_Muslihiddin_Reis|Kurtoglu]], [[:en:Kemal_Reis|Kemal Reis]], [[:en:Salah_Rais|Salih Reis]] le [[:en:Murat_Reis_the_Elder|Koca Murat Reis]].<ref name=":8" /><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/white_slaves_01.shtml "BBC – History – British Slaves on the Barbary Coast"]. BBC.</ref> === Lonaka lwa Aforika === [[Setshwantsho:Servant or slave woman in Mogadishu.jpg|thumb|Mosadi wa motlhanka-lekgoba kwa [[:en:Mogadishu|Mogadishu]] ngwaga wa 1882 go tsena 1883.]] Kwa mafatshe a a mo lonakeng lwa Aforika, dikgosi tsa baKeresete ba bogosi jwa [[Ethiopia]] ba ne ba tshwara magolegwa bogolo jang ba kwa [[South Sudan]] ba morafe wa [[:en:Nilotic_peoples|Nilotic]] le ba [[:en:Oromo_people|Oromo]] go tswa kwa Ethiopia, le batho ba ba neng ba tswa mo melelwaneng ya bone kwa bophirima kgotsa mo dikgaolong tse di neng di sa tswa go gapiwa. <ref>Keller, Edmond J (1991). ''[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1036800537 Revolutionary Ethiopia: from empire to people's republic]''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 160. [[:en:OCLC#OCLC|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/1036800537 1036800537].</ref><ref>Pankhurst. ''Ethiopian Borderlands'', p. 432.</ref> Batho ba lotso lwa [[:en:Somali_people|Somali]] le [[:en:Afar_people|Afar]] le bone ba ne ba gweba ka batho bantsho ba ba neng ba tshwerwe kwa mafelong a a kgakala le lewatle.<ref>Page, Willie F. (2001). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=gK1aAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y Encyclopedia of African History and Culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2]''. Facts on File. p. 239. ISBN 978-0816044726</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Slaves in Ethiopia - 19th century.jpg|thumb|Makgoba kwa [[Ethiopia]], 19th century]] Bokgoba bo bo diriwang kwa [[Ethiopia]], bo simolotse bo direlwa mo malwapeng ebile bo itebagantse thata le basadi; se e ne e le tlwaelo mo Aforika ka bophara. Basadi ba le bantsi go feta banna ba ne ba isiwa ka dipalamo go feta Sahara, legare botlhaba, Mediterranean le lewatle la [[:en:Indian_Ocean|Indian]].<ref>Robertson, Claire (2019). ''Women and Slavery''.</ref> Batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba direla mo matlong a beng ba bone, ba sa thapiwa go dira sepe se se nang le dipoelo. Ba ne ba supiwa e le maloko a maemo a bobedi a malwapa a beng ba bone.<ref>"[https://countrystudies.us/ethiopia/16.htm Ethiopia – The Interregnum]". Countrystudies.us.</ref> Maiteko a ntlha a go emisa bokgoba kwa Ethiopia a ne a dirwa ke Mmusimogolo [[:en:Tewodros_II|Tewodros II]],<ref>"[https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/history/african/tewodros-ii Tewodros II]". Infoplease.com.</ref> le ntswa bokgoba bo ne bo sa imesiwa ka fa molaong go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1923 fa lefatshe la Ethiopia le ne nna leloko la [[:en:League_of_Nations|League of nations]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kituochakatiba.co.ug/selassie.htm |title=Kituo cha katiba >> Haile Selassie Profile |access-date=2025-05-28 |archive-date=2008-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080811042105/http://www.kituochakatiba.co.ug/selassie.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mokgatlho o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba o akanyetsa fa go ne go na le makgoba a le didikadike di le pedi mo didikadikeng di ka ferabobedi go tsena di le lesome leborataro ka dingwaga tsa 1930 di simologa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110515192003/http://www.yale.edu/glc/events/cbss/Miers.pdf "Twentieth Century Solutions of the Abolition of Slavery"] (PDF). Archived from [https://www.yale.edu/glc/events/cbss/Miers.pdf the original] (PDF) on 15 May 2011, retrieved 28 May 2025.</ref> Bokgoba bo ne jwa tswelela kwa Ethiopia go fitlhelela lefatshe la Italy le tlhasela ka ngwaga wa 1935 kgwedi ya Phalane, fa bo fedisiwa ka ntlha ya go tsaya taolo ga [[Italia|Italy]].<ref>Ahmad, Abdussamad H. (1999). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/183622 "Trading in Slaves in Bela-Shangul and Gumuz, Ethiopia: Border Enclaves in History, 1897-1938"]. ''The Journal of African History''. '''40''' (3): 433–446. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/trading-in-slaves-in-belashangul-and-gumuz-ethiopia-border-enclaves-in-history-18971938/CAD8C6FCDDE9E2A33B74D4068B7D261E 10.1017/S0021853799007458]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/183622 183622]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0c69f8ea892c3a13f21fa6ecf89cd1dcba49a483 161799739].</ref> Fa ba arabela kgotlhetso ya mafatshe a bophirima a a tsalaneng le lone mo ntweng ya lefatshe ya bobedi, lefatshe la Ethiopia le ne la iletsa bokgoba le botlhanka morago ga go tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1942.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721201821/http://www.africultures.com/anglais/Edito%20anglais/Edito6.htm The slave trade: myths and preconceptions]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia |url=http://www.globalmarch.org/resourcecentre/world/ethiopia.pdf |access-date=2025-05-28 |archive-date=2012-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521002539/http://www.globalmarch.org/resourcecentre/world/ethiopia.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ka 1942, kgwedi ya Phatwe e le malatsi a le mabedi le borataro, [[:en:Haile_Selassie|Haile Selassie]] o ne a ntsha molao o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20091023053133/http://geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/2691/COS2.html Chronology of slavery]". Archived from [https://www.yahoo.com/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAANjJrt35jORh0TKiydBy6uv2NCx20Sk0h7JSiPUrxnbMSLUyWEV9gdGd7-FNlOqtio5540S-x47LZPtkvAXV2BoYG6NSmxEPTv--9zpOD2-h_XbfDX6609oSTwOa2mAX3_NnryrSFBpeZxyJs2jFq7VHPdB6sXElMVbIhKjMkcf the original] on 23 October 2009, retrieved 28 May 2025.</ref> Mo dikgaolong tsa Somali, makgoba a ne a rekelwa go bereka kwa dipolasing fela.<ref name=":10">Catherine Lowe Besteman, ''[https://books.google.com.do/books?id=tBuwAgAAQBAJ&hl=fr&source=gbs_navlinks_s Unraveling Somalia: Race, Class, and the Legacy of Slavery]'' (University of Pennsylvania Press: 1999), pp. 83–84.</ref> Fa go tla mo go tsa semolao, melao e e amanang le ka fa makgoba a batho bantsho a tshwarwang ka teng e ne ya simolodisiwa ke molawana wa magosi kgotsa "Sultans". Morago makgoba a a ne a nna le kgololesego ka go gololwa, kgotsa go iphalotsa le go rekololwa.<ref name=":10" /> === Legare la Aforika === [[Setshwantsho:Slave market Khartoum 19th c.png|thumb|Marekisetso a bokgoba kwa [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], ka ngwaga wa 1876]] Makgoba a ne a ne a isiwa kwa mafelong a farologaneng ka ditsela tsa kgwebo tse di kgabaganyang sekaka sa Sahara fa e sale ka metlha ya bogologolo.<ref>[https://slaveryandremembrance.org/articles/article/?id=A0001 "History & Memory : The Making of an Atlantic World : Pre-colonial Africa", The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, USA, 2021.]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Old slave, in Cameroon (IMP-DEFAP CMCFGB-CP010 2).jpg|thumb|Mme o o neng a dirilwe lekgoba mme e le mogodi, ngwaga ya 1911 kgotsa 1915, mong wa gagwe e ne e le Njapundunke, mmaagwe kgosi [[:en:Ibrahim_Njoya|Ibrahim Njoya]] wa [[:en:Kingdom_of_Bamum|Bamum]]]] Ditso tse di bolelwang di bolela fa bokgoba bo sale bo nna teng kwa bogosing jwa Kongo go tswa ka nako e bo neng bo simolodisiwa fa [[:en:Lukeni_lua_Nimi|Lukeni Iua Nimi]] a ne a dira Mwee Kabunga lekgoba o a neng a mo fentse go simolola bogosi boo.<ref name=":11">Heywood, Linda M. (2009). "[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/slavery-and-its-transformation-in-the-kingdom-of-kongo-14911800/C13C2D3671AA721632D91B2F86B2A325 Slavery and its transformations in the Kingdom of Kongo: 1491–1800]". ''The Journal of African History''. '''50''': 1–22. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/slavery-and-its-transformation-in-the-kingdom-of-kongo-14911800/C13C2D3671AA721632D91B2F86B2A325 10.1017/S0021853709004228]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/952c103be11d8afde1a4ce7cfdb7f16eacf91e2b 154942266.]</ref> Dikwalo tsa pele tsa puo ya Portuguese di supa fa bogosi bo bo ne bo na le bokgoba pele ga ba gorogo teng, mme boremelelo e ne ele makgoba a a tshwerweng ka nako ya ntwa go tswa kwa [[:en:Kingdom_of_Ndongo|bogosing jwa Ndongo.]]<ref name=":11" /><ref>Birmingham, David (25 January 2010). "[https://www.britannica.com/place/central-Africa. Central Africa"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Bokgoba bo ne bo tlwaelesegile mo lotshitshing lwa [[:en:Congo_River|noka ya Congo]], mme mo sephatlong sa bobedi sa century ya lesome le boferabobedi kgaolo e o ya nna motswedi o mogolo wa makgoba mo [[:en:Atlantic_slave_trade|kgwebong ya Atlantic ya makgoba]]. Fa kgwebo ya Atlantic e fela, tlhwatlhwa ya makgoba e ne ya wela tlase mo go gakgamatsang, mme kgwebo ya makgoba mo kgaolong ya golela kwa godimo, e e eteletswe pele ke bagwebi ba [[:en:Bangi_language|Bobangi]]. Makgoba a a neng a tshwerwe ba ne ba na le kgonagalo ya go iphalotsa ka jalo ba ne ba ntshiwa gaufi le malwapa a bone dikhilomithara di ka nna lekgolo, go fema kgonagalo e.<ref>Harms, Robert W. (1981). ''River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500-1891''. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 28–39. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0300026160|978-0300026160]]</bdi>.</ref> Go gweba ka makgoba go ne go na le tlhotlheletso e tona mo kgaolong e ya legare la Aforika, go ne ga fetola dintlha dingwe tsa morafe. Sekai: go gweba ka makgoba go thusitse go aga mafaratlhatlha a kgwebo ya dijomo kgaolong. Fa dipoelo tsa thekiso ya makgoba a noka ya Congo di ne di ya kwa bagwebing ba se kae fela, mme go ne go thusa baji bareki ba kgaolo eo.<ref>Harms. ''River of Wealth, River of Sorrow''. pp. 48–51.</ref> Mo dintlheng dingwe tsa ma [[:en:Congo_Basin|mokgatsha wa Congo]], go ne go tlwaelesegile gore makgoba a ka bolawa a jewa, bogolo jang kwa meletlong.<ref>Edgerton, Robert B. (2002). ''The Troubled Heart of Africa: A History of the Congo''. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 86–88, 108.</ref><ref>Ekholm Friedman, Kajsa (2013). ''[https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781134345267_A23774896/preview-9781134345267_A23774896.pdf Catastrophe and Creation: The Transformation of an African Culture]''. London: Routledge. pp. 228–232, 245.</ref><ref>[[:en:Garry_Hogg|Hogg, Garry]] (1958). ''Cannibalism and Human Sacrifice''. London: Robert Hale. pp. 103–105, 108.</ref><ref>Jewsiewicki, Bogumil; Mumbanza mwa Bawele (1981). "The Social Context of Slavery in Equatorial Africa during the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries". In Lovejoy, Paul (ed.). ''The Ideology of Slavery in Africa''. Beverly Hills: Sage. pp. 75, 80–82.</ref><ref>[[:en:William_Rubinstein|Rubinstein, William D]]. (2014). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=nMMAk4VwLLwC&pg=PA18&redir_esc=y Genocide: A History]''. New York: Routledge. pp. 18–20. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-50601-5|978-0-582-50601-5]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Siefkes, Christian (2022). ''[https://www.berghahnbooks.com/title/SiefkesEdible Edible People: The Historical Consumption of Slaves and Foreigners and the Cannibalistic Trade in Human Flesh]''. New York: Berghahn. chs. 4–10. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-80073-613-9|978-1-80073-613-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Basupi ba ba iponetseeng ka matlho ba tlhalosa fa go reka, go bolaya le go ja makgoba e ne e le tiro ya malatsi otlhe, ba ba e dirang ba bona go se pharologanyo le go ja dipodi le diphologolo tse dingwe.<ref>[[Ekholm Friedman, Kajsa (2013). Catastrophe and Creation: The Transformation of an African Culture. London: Routledge. pp. 228–232, 245.|Ekholm Friedman 2013]], p. 230.</ref><ref>[[Siefkes, Christian (2022). Edible People: The Historical Consumption of Slaves and Foreigners and the Cannibalistic Trade in Human Flesh. New York: Berghahn. chs. 4–10. ISBN 978-1-80073-613-9.|Siefkes 2022]], pp. 91, 96–97.</ref> === Aforika Borwa === Baeteledipele bangwe ba Aforika, bogolo jang ba ditso tsa [[:en:Zulu_people|Zulu]] le [[:en:Nguni_people|Nguni]],ba ne ba tsaya karolo mo go gwebeng ka makgoba ka go tshwara batho bangwe go tswa mo ditlhopheng tsa baba ba bone ka dinako tsa dintwa. Magolegwa a a ne a rekisiwa mo bokgobeng.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa/The-Delagoa-Bay-slave-trade "South Africa – Delagoa Bay, Slave Trade"]. ''Britannica''. 15 January 2025. Retrieved 28 May 2025.</ref> == Diphetogo == Botsalano jwa bokgoba mo Aforika bo fetogile ka metlhale e le mene: kgwebo ya makgoba e e lomaganyang bokone jwa Aforika le borwa (trans-Saharan), kgwebo ya makgoba ya lewatle la Indian, kgwebo ya makgoba ya lewatle la Atlantic, le melao le mekgatlho e e kgatlhanong le bokgoba. Nngwe le nngwe ya metlhale ee fetola mokgwa, seelo le itsholelo ya bokgoba mo Aforika.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Africa Wiki Challenge 2025]] 2s2rz6uh1s2aybg1dswphxdlhojboff Bokopano jwa ntlha jwa Aforika o o kopaneng 0 10757 54317 41971 2026-08-30T01:35:29Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event|event=Bokopano jwa ntlha jwa Aforika o o kopaneng|date=Phukwi a le masome mabedi le boraro go tsena a le masome mabedi le botlhano|duration=malatsi a mararo|venue=Ntlo lohalahala ya kwa toropong ya Westminster|Location=Lontone, Enyelane|theme=Go ema kgatlhanong le tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala, go ipusa|participants=batsaya karolo le baemedi ba le masome mane le bosupa ba akaretsa Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, John Alcindor, Benito Sylvian, Dadabhai Naoroji, John Archer, henry Francis Downing, W.E.B Du Bois, George James Christian, Richard E. Phipps, Anna J Cooper, Anna H. Jones, Bishop Alexander Walters}} '''Bokopano jwa ntlha jwa Aforika o o kopaneng''' bo ne bo tshwaretswe kwa Lontone kwa lefatsheng la England, go tswa ka Phukwi a le masome mabedi le boraro go tsena a le masome mabedi le botlhane ngwaga wa 1900 (pele ga ditshupo tsa kwa Paris tsa 1900, go letlelela bajanala ba [[Aferika|Aforika]] go tsenelela ditiragalo tsoo pedi).<ref name=":1">Ramla Bandele, [http://diaspora.northwestern.edu/mbin/WebObjects/DiasporaX.woa/wa/displayArticle?atomid=461 "Pan-African Conference in 1900"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130922122851/http://diaspora.northwestern.edu/mbin/WebObjects/DiasporaX.woa/wa/displayArticle?atomid=461# Archived] 2013-09-22 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], Article #461, Origins of the movement for global black unity, Global Mappings.</ref> Bo rulagantswe ke mmueledi wa kwa Trinidad and Tobago Henry Sylvester Williams,<ref>[https://newint.org/features/2000/08/05/simply "A history of Pan-Africanism"], ''New Internationalist'', 326, August 2000.</ref> bokopano jo bo diragalatse kwa ntlo lohalahaleng ya kwa toropong ya Westminster (e jaanong e bidiwang Caxton),<ref name=":0">"[https://global-panafricanmovement.net/congresses.html The First Pan African Conference of 1900]"<sup>[''permanent dead link'']</sup>. Global Pan African Movement.</ref> bo tseneletswe ke baemedi ba le masome a mararo le bosupa le ba bangwe ba ba neng ba tseneletse bokopano ba le lesome, le balebeledi<ref>[[:en:Peter_Fryer|Peter Fryer]] in ''Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain'' (Pluto Press, 1984) quotes these figures from Owen Charles Mathurin, ''Henry Sylvester Williams and the Origins of the Pan-African Movement, 1869-1911'', Greenwood Press, 1976, p. 62.</ref><ref>[[:en:Marika_Sherwood|Marika Sherwood]] in "[http://ww25.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol4no10/4.10Pan-African.pdf?subid1=20250711-2158-51c9-a6f8-1e550a3946ff Pan-African Conferences, 1900-1953: What Did ‘Pan-Africanism’ Mean?"] identifies "three Africans attending; fifteen West Indians and nine Africans temporarily in the UK mainly as students; five Black Britons and nineteen visiting African-Americans".</ref> go tswa Aforika, West Indies, [[USA|United States]] le [[United Kingdom]], ba akaretsa Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (o a neng a le mmotlana go gaisa batho botlhe),<ref>Jeffrey Green, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20220121075648/http://www.blackandasianstudies.org/jeff.pdf Do we really know Samuel Coleridge-Taylor?]" Talk for the [[:en:Black_and_Asian_Studies_Association|Black and Asian Studies Association]] Conference, London, 27 June 2009.</ref> John Alcindor, Benito Sylvain, Dadabhai naoroji, John Archer, Henry Francis Downing, Anna H. Jones, Anna Jiulia Cooper le W.E.B Du Bois, le moruti Alexander Walters wa kereke ya AME Zion.<ref>[[:en:Tony_Martin_(professor)|Tony Martin,]] ''Pan-African Connection: From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond'' (Dover: Majority Press, 1985), p. 207.</ref><ref>[[:en:Paul_Finkelman|Paul Finkelman]], ed., [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=6gbQHxb_P0QC&dq=Anna+H.+Jones&pg=RA4-PA246&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Anna%20H.%20Jones&f=false ''Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present'' (]Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 246. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780195167795|9780195167795]].</ref> Du Bois o ne a na le seabe sa tlhwatlhwa, a kwala lokwalo, a kwalela bateledipele ba mafatshe a Europe,<ref name=":2">[https://www.blackpast.org/?q=1900-w-e-b-du-bois-nations-world "(1900) W. E. B. Du Bois, 'To the Nations of the World'",] BlackPast.org</ref> ba ba gwetlha go emisa tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala, go neela dikolone tse di mo Aforika le West Indies tshwanelo ya go ipusa le go batlela batho bantsho ba America ditshwanelo tsa sepolotiki le ditshwanelo tse dingwe.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Maloney, Wendi A. (19 February 2019). [https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2019/02/african-american-history-month-first-pan-african-congress/ "African-American History Month: First Pan-African Congress | Library of Congress Blog".] ''blogs.loc.gov''. Retrieved 11 July 2025.</ref> == Tse di diragetseng pele == [[Setshwantsho:Invitation to Pan-African Conference at Westminster Town Hall July 1900.png|thumb|Taletso ya bokopano jwa Aforika o o kopaneng kwa ntlo lohalahaleng ya toropo ya Westminster ka Phukwi ngwaga wa 1900]] Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le masome a mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 1897, Henry Sylvester Williams o ne a le maleba mo go tlhameng mokgatlho wa Lontone wa Aforika, a tsibogela go kgaoganya Aforika ga Europe mo go neng ga sala morago bokopano jwa kwa Berlin jwa 1884 go tsena 1885. Go tlhamiwa ga mokgatlho go ne go tshwaya tshimologo ya letsholo le le kgatlhanong le bokolone, o ne o tlhamelwa go rotloetsa go tshwaragana ga ma Aforika le batho ba ba tswang Aforika, bogolo jang mo dikgaolong tsa bogosi jwa Britain,<ref>"African Association", in E. L. Bute and H. J. P. Harmer, ''The Black Handbook: The People, History and Politics of Africa and the African Diaspora'', London & Washington: Cassell, 1997, p. 111.</ref> bo itshwenya ka ditshiamololo mo dikoloneng tsa Aforika tsa Britain le Caribbean.<ref>[[:en:Immanuel_Ness|Immanuel Ness]] and Zak Cope (eds), [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=DFsYDAAAQBAJ&dq=%22First+Pan-African+Conference%22+1900&pg=PA908&redir_esc=y "The First Pan-African Conference"], ''The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism'', Volume 1, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, p. 908.</ref> Ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa 1898, mokgatlho o ne wa ntsha taletso ya bokopano jwa Aforika o o kopaneng. Booker T Washington, o a neng a tsere loeto mo [[United Kingdom|UK]] ka paka ya selemo ya ngwaga wa 1899, o ne a kwala mo lokwalong lo lo neng lo ya kwa dipampiring tsa dikgang tsa batho bantsho ba [[United States of America|America]]: "Mabapi le bokopano jwa batho bantsho ba le bantsi kwa London go tswa mafelong a a farologaneng a lefatshe, letsholo le le botlhokwa le tlhamilwe. Le itsewe jaaka bokopano jwa Aforika o o kopaneng. Baemedi go tswa Aforika, ditlhaketlhake tsa bophirima jwa India le mafelo a mangwe a lefatshe, ba nkopile go kopana le bone malatsi a le mmalwa a a fitileng, ka maikaelelo a go dira thulaganyo ya bokopano jo, mme re nnile le bokopano jo bo kgatlhisang thata. Go a gakgamatsa go bona batho ba ba botlhale ba ma Aforika le batho ba India bophirima ba nang le bone. Popego ya bokopano jo jwa Aforika o o kopaneng e bolelwa botoka ka mafoko a se se rarabolotsweng, se se diragaditsweng kwa bokopanong jo go buiwang ka bone: fa go lebelelwa go sa nne kelotlhoko mo go tumileng mo England ka go tshwarwa ga batho ba merafe ya pele mo melaong ya Europe le America, mokgatlho wa Aforika, o o nang le maloko a lotso lo lo nnang mo England ebile lo sa le lo nna teng dingwaga di le pedi, ba rarabolotse ka ditshupo tsa kwa Paris tsa 1900 go tshwara bokopano kwa Londo ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ya ngwaga one oo, go tsaya dikgato go rotloetsa maikutlo a batho ka melao le diemo tse di leng teng tse di amang go nna sentle ga batho ba pele mo mafelong a a farologanneg a Aforika, West Indies le United States. Tharabololo e beilwe monwana ke Mr. H Mason Joseph, Tautona, le Mr. H Sylvester Williams e le mokwaledi mogolo. Mokwaledi mogolo o tla itumelela go utlwa go tswa mo baemeding ba batho ba pele ba tseneletse bokopano pele ga letsatsi le lebeilweng. <ref>Quoted by J. R. Hooker in "The Pan-African Conference 1900", ''[[:en:Transition_Magazine|Transition Magazine]]'', No. 46 (1974), pp. 20–24 (p. 20).</ref> == Dikgang le matshwenyego a bokopano == Fa bokopano jwa ntlha jwa Aforika o o kopaneng bo bulwa ka Mosupologo, kgwedi ya phukwi e le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa 1900, kwa ntlo lohalahaleng ya Westminster kw a London, Moruti Alexander Walters mo mafokong a gagwe a pulo o ne are: " Dikgwetlho le mathata a batho ba mmala mo America", o ne a tsibosa gore "e le lantlha mo ditsong batho bantsho ba kopane go tswa dikhutlong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe go buisana le go tokafatsa seemo sa lotso lwa bone, go tlhomamisa ditshwanelo tsa bone le go rulaganya gore ba kgone go ema mo maemong a a lekanang le mafatshe a mangwe."<ref name=":3">Fryer (1984), p. 283.</ref> Moruti wa kwa London, mandell Creighton, o ne a fa mafoko a kamogelo "a bua ka dipoelo tsa go ipusa tse Britain a tshwanetseng go di neela merafe e mengwe ka potlako".<ref name=":3" /> Dibui mo malatsing a mararo a a latelang di netsa bua ka go farologana ga tlhaolelele ya lotso le mmala. Mo dipampiring tse di neng di tsisitswe go ne go na le "diemo tse di bayang kwa pele setho sa Aforika" (go kwadile C. W French wa St. Kitts), "go babalelwa ga tekatekano ya lotso le mmala" (go kwadile Anna H. Jones, go tswa Kansas, Missouri). "Bothata jwa batho bantsho mo America (go kwadile Anna J. Cooper go tswa Washington), "tswelelopele ya batho ba rona" (go kwadile John E. Quinlan wa kwa St. Lucia).<ref>[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SLAwilliamsS.htm "Sylvester Williams"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121022091321/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SLAwilliamsS.htm Archived] October 22, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Spartacus Educational.</ref> Ditlhogo tse dingwe di ne di akaretsa go ngongorega ga ga Richard Phipps ka tlhaolele kgatlhanong le batho bantsho mo tirong kwa Trinidad le tlhaselo ya ga William Meyer, moithuti wa tsa botsogo kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa Edinburgh. Dipuisano di ne tsa sala morago go bontshiwa ga dipampiri, ka letsatsi la bofelo George James Christian, moithuti wa tsa molao go tswa Dominica,<ref>Thomson Fontaine, "[https://www.thedominican.net/articles/christian.htm George James Christian: Pioneer in Africa]", Thedominican.net, Vol. 1, Issue 32, 27 November 2002.</ref><ref>Gabriel J. Christian, "[https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/features/commentary/nelson-mandela-dominica-caribbean-contribution-african-liberation/ Nelson Mandela, Dominica and the Caribbean Contribution to African Liberation"], Dominica News Online, 8 December 2013.</ref> o ne a etelela pele puisano ya setlhogo sa gore tswelelopele ya setho e dirile lotso lwa rona lefelo la ntwa ya bone", a re bogologolo ma Aforika a ne a tswewa ka dikgoka mo lefatsheng la bone, kwa Aforika Borwa le kwa Rhodesia bokgoba bo ne bo ntšhafadiwa bo le mo seemong sa pereko e e patelediwang."<ref>[[:en:Peter_Fryer|Peter Fryer]], ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=J8rVeu2go8IC&dq=%22george+james+christian%22+pan-african+conference&pg=PA284&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22george%20james%20christian%22%20pan-african%20conference&f=false Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain]'', London: Pluto Press, 1984, p. 284.</ref><ref>Bernard Magubane, [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=4GZfyA-zYSMC&dq=%22george+james+christian%22+pan-african+conference&pg=PA140&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22george%20james%20christian%22%20pan-african%20conference&f=false ''The Ties that Bind: African-American Consciousness of Africa'',] Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press, 2nd printing 1989, p. 140</ref> Bokopano bo ne jwa fetoga go nna lekgotla la Aforika (le tlhamilwe ke Sylvester Williams ka ngwaga wa 1897) go nna mokgatlho wa Aforika o o kopaneng,<ref name=":1" /> le go diragatsa tumalano ya go bolelela mafatshe otlhe a lefatshe ka bophara, go romeleletswe baeteledipele ba mafatshe a batho bantsho ba Aforika ba nnang teng ba gateletswe. <ref name=":4">Shivani Sivagurunathan, "Pan-Africanism", in [[:en:David_Dabydeen|David Dabydeen]], John Gilmore, Cecily Jones (eds), ''The Oxford Companion to Black British History'', Oxford University Press, 2007, pp. 259–60.</ref>Tumalano e e ne e gwetlha mafatshe a United States le a Europe go lemoga le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba Aforika le go tlotla thokgamo le go ipusa ga mafatshe a a ikemetseng a batho bantsho a Abyssinia, Liberia le Haiti, le a mangwe.<ref>[https://www.blackpast.org/?q=perspectives%2Fpan-african-congresses-1900-1945 The Pan-African Congresses], 1900–1945, BlackPast.org.</ref> E beilwe monwana ke Walters (tautona wa mokgatlho wa Aforika o o kopanneg), Rev, Henry B. Brown mothusa tona wa Canada, Williams (mokwaledi mogolo) le Du Bois (modulasetilo wa komiti mabapi le kgang e)<ref>[https://www.houseofknowledge.org.uk/site/documents/neoGarveyismCorner/1900%20Conference%20resolution.pdf 1900 Pan-African Conference Resolution] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304232631/http://www.houseofknowledge.org.uk/site/documents/neoGarveyismCorner/1900%20Conference%20resolution.pdf Archived] 4 March 2016 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Source: Ayodele Langley, ''Ideologies of Liberation in Black Africa'', London: [[:en:Rex_Collings|Rex Collings]], 1979, pp. 738–739.</ref>, tokomane e ne e na le mokwalo o o reng "bothata jwa lekgolo la dingwaga di le masome mabedi ke mmala" mafoko a Du Bois a neng a a dirisa dingwaga di le tharo morago mo bukeng ya gagwe ya Souls of Black folk ya ngwaga wa 1903.<ref>[[:en:Brent_Hayes_Edwards|Brent Hayes Edwards,]] "[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=3D9FE-UfYxEC&dq=%22The+problem+of+the+Twentieth+Century+is+the+problem+of+the+colour-line%22+souls&pg=PA33&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22The%20problem%20of%20the%20Twentieth%20Century%20is%20the%20problem%20of%20the%20colour-line%22%20souls&f=false The Practice of Diaspora]", in Janice A. Radway, Kevin Gaines, Barry Shank, [[:en:Penny_Von_Eschen|Penny Von Eschen]] (eds), ''American Studies: An Anthology'', Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, p. 33.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse, batsaya karolo ba ne ba kopa Mmamosadinyana Victoria ka puso ya Britain go leba ka fa batho ba Aforika ba tshwarwang ka teng kwa Aforika Borwa le kwa Rhodesia, go akaretsa ditiro tsa bosiamolodi tse di dirwang ke batho basweu ba koo, ebong: # Pereko e e tlontlololang ebile e se ka fa molaong kwa Kimberley le Rhodesia. # Go dira batho bantsho ba borre, basadi le bana batlhanka ba batho basweu ba dikolone. # Tsamaiso ya pereko e e patelediwang mo setshabeng # Tsamaiso ya mokwalo e e neng e dirisediwa batho ba mmala. # Melao e e kgaoganyang le go nyenyafatsa batho ba Aforika jaaka go idiwa go dirisa tsela ya dinao, le go dirisa dipalamo tse di farologaneng. # Bothata mo go rekeng matlo a bonno. Phetolo e e neng ya amogelwa ke Sylvester Williams ka Firkgong a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 1901 e ne e re: "Rra. Ke romilwe ke mokwaledi [Joseph] Chamberlain go tlhalosa fa a amogetse taelo ya ga Mmamosadinyana go go bolelela gore segopotso sa bokopano jwa Aforika o o kopaneng go kopiwa seemo sa merafe ya pele kwa Aforika se beilwe pele ga ga mmamosadinyana, le gore o ne a itumeletse go mo laela go busetsa karabo mo boemong jwa puso. Mr. Chamberlain o eletsa go netefaletsa maloko a bokopano jwa Aforika o o kopaneng gore, ka go baya tsela ya go tsamaisa dikgaolo tse di fentsweng, puso ya ga Mmamosadinyana ga e ka ke ya itlhokomolosa dikeletso le botsogo jwa batho ba pele.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230718/http://www.houseofknowledge.org.uk/site/documents/neoGarveyismCorner/1900%20petition%20to%20Queen%20Victoria.pdf "1900 Pan African Conference Petition to Queen Victoria"]. Source: [[:en:Molefi_Kete_Asante|Molefi K. Asante]], ''The History of Africa'', New York & London: Routledge, 2007, p. 260.</ref> Malatsi morago, Victoria o ne a fetola a laela mokwaledi wa gagwe wa sephiri Arthur Biggie go kwala, mo a neng a go dira ka Firikgong a le masome mabedi le motso - letsatsi pele ga Mmamosadinyana a tlhokafala.<ref>J. R. Hooker, "The Pan-African Conference 1900", ''Transition'', No. 46 (1974), p. 24.</ref> Le ntswa ditshiamololo kwa Aforika borwa di ne tsa tswelela ka nakwana, bokopano bo ne jwa itsese lefatshe ka bophara ka tsone.<ref>Frank A. Salamone, "[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=6gbQHxb_P0QC&dq=%22First+Pan-African+Conference%22+1900&pg=RA3-PA43&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22First%20Pan-African%20Conference%22%201900&f=false Pan-African Conference, London"], in [[:en:Paul_Finkelman|Paul Finkelman]], ''Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present'', Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 43.</ref> == Bobegadikgang le kamogelo == Bokopano bo ne jwa begwa mo dipampiring tsa dikgang tse ditona kwa Britain, di akaretsa ya The Times<ref name=":1" /><ref>"PanAfrican Conference", ''The Times'' (London), 24 July 1900, and "PanAfrican Conference", ''The Times'' (London), 25 July 1900.</ref> le Westminster Gazette,<ref name=":4" /> e e neng a ya kwala gore bo tshwaya tshimologo ya letsholo le le makatsang mo ditsong: "motho montsho kwa phelelong o lemoga kgonagalo ya bokamoso jwa gagwe" ya inola Williams are: "maikalelo a rona gone jaana ke go netefatsa gore batho bantsho ba bona ditshwanelo le didirisiwa tse batho basweu ba di akolang."<ref>Fryer, p. 287.</ref> Du Bois o ne a kwala mo pegong ya gagwe, "ka Mosupologo, Phukwi a le masome mabedi le boraro, bokopano bo ne jwa lalediwa tee ya nako ya botlhano ke Codben Club ya London go fa batsaya karolo tlotla, kwa ofisikgolong ya yone kwa St. Ermin Hotel, e e leng nngwe ya tse di maemo a ntlha mo toropong. Maloko a le mmalwa a palamente le baemedi ba tlotla ba ne ba le teng. Dioura di le pedi ba tsaya karolo ba ne ba tlhatlhelelwa ke maloko le ditsala tsa mokgatlho. Ka nako ya botlhano ka Labobedi tee e ne ya sielwa batho ke Dr. Creighton o a sa tlholeng a le mo botshelong, moruti wa London, kwa ntlong ya gagwe ya bogosi kwa Fulham, e e neng e nniwa ke baruti ba London fa e sale ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano. Fa re goroga kwa ntlong ya bogosi re fitlhetse moruti le baruti ba bangwe ba babedi, le basadi ba bone le bana ba basetsana ba emetse gore dumedisa. Morago ba ne ba bontshiwa mabala a ntlo eo... Ka bopelokgale jwa ga Mr. Clark, leloko la palamente, re ne ra lalediwa tee ka laboraro, ka nako ya botlhano kwa palamenteng. Morago ga tee, maloko a borre a phathi ya rona ba ne ba isiwa kwa ntlong e e kwa tlase mo palamenteng, mo go bonwang e le tlotla e le ruri, loeto lwa rona kwa palamenteng e ne ele tlotla ya motseletsele wa maeto a rona. Malebo a magolo go mokwaledi wa rona Mr. H Sylvester Williams go rulaganya ditirelo tse. Miss Catherine Impey wa London, o ne a re o itumeletse go kopana le batho bantsho ba ba rulagantseng bokopane jwa Aforika o o kopaneng, ebile a eletsa gore ba maemo a ntlha ba etele England go kopana le banni ba koo ba maemo, le gore maikutlo a batho ka bone a ka tswa a fetogile.<ref name=":2" /> == Diphelelo tse di molemo == Morago ga bokopano bo fela, Williams o ne a tlhoma makalana a mokgatlho wa Aforika o o kopaneng kwa Jamaica, Trinidad le USA. O ne a tlhama le lokwalodikgang lwa nako e khutshwane lwa The Pan African ka Phalane ngwaga wa 1901.<ref>Fryer, p. 287.</ref> Le ntswa maano a mokgatlho e ne e le go kopana gangwefela mo dingwageng tse pedi, bokopano jwa 1900 bo ne jwa rotloetsa tlhabololo ya bokopano jwa Aforika o o kopaneng.<ref>"Pan-African Conference", in Bute and Harmer, ''The Black Handbook'', 1997, p. 96.</ref> Jaaka morutuntsi Professor Tony Martin a ne a kwadile, "boraro mo batsaya karolong ba kwa Caribbean ba ne ba fudugela Aforika morago. George Chrisitian wa kwa Dominica o ne a nna mmueledi o o atlegileng kwa Gold Coast (Ghana) kwa a neng a le leloko la khansele ya puso go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1920 go tsena ka 1940. Richard E Phipps, wa kwa Trinidad o ne a boela gae morago ga bokopano a bo a fudugela kwa Gold Coast ka ngwaga wa 1911.O ne a nna koo go fitlhelela ka loso lwa gagwe ka ngwaga wa 1926. Williams ka bo ene o ne a nna kwa Aforika Borwa go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1903 go tsena ka 1905, a tlhokafala kwa Trinidad ka ngwaga wa 1911."<ref>Tony Martin, "[https://www.unesco.org/en/culture African consciousness"], in ''General History of the Caribbean'', Unesco, 1996, Vol. 5, Chapter 6, pp. 259–60.</ref> Metseletsele ya dikopano e ne ya diragala ka bokopano jwa Aforika o o kopaneng ka ngwaga wa 1919 kwa Paris, 1921 kwa London, 1923 kwa London, 1927 kwa New York, 1945 kwa Manchester, 1974 kwa Dar es Salaam le 1994 kwa Kampala go buisana ka dikgang tse di amang Aforika e le maduo a go diriwa dikolone ke mafatshe a Europe. Moletlo wa dingwaga di le lekgolo o ne wa tshwarelwa kwa london ka Phukwi a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa 2000,<ref>[https://www.panafricanperspective.com/centenary_panafrican_celebration.htm "Centenary Pan African Conference a Resounding Success"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140221165723/http://www.panafricanperspective.com/centenary_panafrican_celebration.htm Archived] 2014-02-21 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], Pan-African Perspect</ref> o tseneletswe ke dikokomane tsa bangwe ba batsaya karolo ba bokopano jwa ntlha (ba akaretsa Margaret Busby, ngwana wa ngwana wa ga George Christian le kokomane ya ga Moira Stuart), ga mmogo le dikokomane tsa ba ba neng ba le kwa bokopanong jwa botlhano jwa Aforika o o kopaneng jwa ngwaga wa 1945 kwa Manchester (jaaka morwadia George Padmore Blyden Cowart, le Samia Nkrumah ngwana wa ga kwame Nkrumah).<ref>Lester Lewis, [http://www.raceandhistory.com/historicalviews/panafricanrise.htm "Pan Africans on the Rise Again",] RaceandHistory.com, 23 January 2001.</ref> == Metswedi == cmho4bu26os0a94g9wu2cvoglti8xmd Lindiwe Ndlovu 0 11620 54330 44161 2026-08-30T10:08:06Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Lindiwe Ndlovu|birth_name=Lindiwe Thembekani Ndlovu|birth_date={{birth date|1977|1|8|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Soweto]], South Africa|death_date={{death date and age|2021|1|11|1977|1|8|df=yes}}|death_place=Soweto, South Africa|resting place coordinates=<!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->|education=Wingen Heights Secondary school|alma mater=Market Theatre|occupation=Actress|years active=2004–2021|height_cm=167 cm|spouse(s)=Rok Ajulu (1996)|father=Stanford Ngidi}} '''Lindiwe Thembekani "Thembeka"''' '''Ndlovu''' (Firikgong a ferabobedi ka 1977 – Firikgong a le lesome le motso 2021) e ne e le modiragatsi wa [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>Chironda, Melody (12 January 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241130160835/https://allafrica.com/stories/202101120140.html "South Africa: Tributes Pour in for South African Actress Lindiwe Ndlovu"]. ''allAfrica.com''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> O itsege thata ka dikarolo tsa gagwe mo difiliming tsa ''Little One'' (2013), ''Safari'' (2013) le ''Winnie Mandela'' (2011).<ref>Mokhoali, Veronica. [https://ewn.co.za/2021/01/14/she-was-a-true-thespian-arts-minister-remembers-late-actress-lindiwe-ndlovu "'She was a true thespian': Arts Minister remembers late actress Lindiwe Ndlovu"]. ''ewn.co.za''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.702.co.za/articles/405864/she-was-a-natural-people-related-to-her-characters-lindiwe-ndlovu-s-brother "She was a natural, people related to her characters - Lindiwe Ndlovu's brother"]. 702. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Ndlovu o tshotswe ka Firikgong a ferabobedi 1977, kwa Dube, [[Soweto]], Aforika Borwa, jaaka morwadi yo mogolo wa lelapa. O goletse kwa toropong ya [[Hammarsdale]] kwa [[Dirang Moloi|eThekwini]]. Rraagwe, Stanford Ngidi e ne e le mokwadi wa drama yo o tumileng wa baagi, yo o tlhokafetseng ka 2015. O ne a dira materiki kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Wingen Heights kwa Shallcross, Durban ka 1995. Mme ka 1997, o ne a tsenelela Laboratori ya Bobogelo jwa Mmaraka go katisiwa dingwaga di le pedi.<ref name=":0">Sassen, By: Robyn; Eliseeva, Illustrator: Anastasya; Culture (25 January 2021). [https://www.newframe.com/lindiwe-ndlovu-was-a-woman-of-valour-and-vitality/ "Lindiwe Ndlovu was a woman of valour and vitality"]. ''New Frame''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> O tlhokafetse ka Firikgong a le lesome le motso ka 2021, a le dingwaga di le masome mane le bone.<ref>[https://www.702.co.za/articles/405835/sa-actress-lindiwe-ndlovu-passes-away "SA actress Lindiwe Ndlovu passes away"]. ''702''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/local/award-winning-actress-lindiwe-ndlovu-dies-at-age-44-44fc1161-6b61-4c09-9ec4-d9b9de17e1ea "Award-winning actress Lindiwe Ndlovu dies at age 44"]. ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Go ya ka moemedi wa gagwe wa nako e telele, Lynne Higgins wa Botsamaisi jwa Bataki ba Gaenor, Ndlovu o tlhokafetse a robetse mo mosong ka ntlha ya [[COVID-19]].<ref name=":1">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2021-01-11-actress-lindiwe-ndlovu-died-in-her-sleep-manager-confirms/ "Actress Lindiwe Ndlovu died 'in her sleep', manager confirms"]. ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Tiro == Pele a tsena mo difiliming le thelebišeneng, o ne a tsenelela Market Theatre mme a diragatsa mo metshamekong e le mentsi ya bobogelo.<ref name=":2">[https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-01-11-award-winning-actress-lindiwe-ndlovu-dies/ "Award winning actress Lindiwe Ndlovu dies"]. ''SowetanLIVE''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ndlovu o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya bodiragatsi ka 2011 fa a ne a tshameka karolo ya "Qondi" mo motseletseleng wa thelebišene wa Mzansi wa ''Mazinyo Dot Q''. Ka one ngwaga oo, o ne a dira filimi ya ntlha ka drama ya botshelo jwa ga ''Winnie Mandela''.<ref>[https://www.gq.co.za/girls/safta-award-winning-actress-lindiwe-ndlovu-passes-away-at-44-8b9a6b0f-8a5f-4c4e-8e47-51a3a977b5f1 "SAFTA Award-winning actress Lindiwe Ndlovu passes away at 44"]. ''www.gq.co.za''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Morago ga katlego e, o ne a tshameka karolo ya mmereki wa mo lwapeng wa Malawi "Buseje" mo motseletseleng wa SABC1 wa ''[[Ses'Top La]]''. Ka 2013, o ne a tshameka karolo e e eteletseng pele mo filiming ya ''Little One'' e e neng e kaelwa ke Darrell Roodt.<ref>[https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/actress-lindiwe-ndlovu-passes-away/ "Actress Lindiwe Ndlovu passes away"]. ''SABC News''. 11 January 2021. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Moragonyana o ne a gapa Sekgele sa SAFTA sa Golden Globe sa Modiragatsi yo o Gaisang mo setlhopheng sa difilimi tse di tlhagelelang kwa Dikabong tsa boferabobedi tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa Difilimi le Thelebišene tsa Aforika Borwa (SAFTA) ka ntlha ya seabe sa ga "Pauline" mo filiming.<ref name=":3">Eloff, Herman. [https://www.news24.com/channel/the-juice/news/safta-winning-actor-lindiwe-ndlovu-44-dies-20210111 "Safta-winning actor Lindiwe Ndlovu, 44, dies"]. ''Channel''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Morago ga seabe seo se se neng sa akgolwa thata, o ne a tshameka mo filiming ya ''Safari'' gape e e neng e kaelwa ke Roodt.<ref>[https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Lindiwe_Ndlovu "Lindiwe Ndlovu - ESAT"]. ''esat.sun.ac.za''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Fa e sale ka nako eo, o ne a tlhagelela makgetlho a le mmalwa a a tlhomologileng mo difiliming tse di latelanang jaaka; ''Stokvel'', ''Soul City'', ''Scandal!'', ''Isidingo'' le ''Home Affairs''.<ref name=":2" /><ref>News, Eyewitness. [https://ewn.co.za/2021/01/11/safta-award-winning-actor-lindiwe-ndlovu-dies "Safta award-winning actor Lindiwe Ndlovu dies"]. ewn.co.za. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)</ref> Ka 2013 o ne a tshameka karolo ya "Sponono" mo pontshong, ''Zabalaza''.<ref name=":3" /> Mme ka 2017, o ne a tshameka karolo ya "Sharon" mo motseletseleng wa Mzansi Magic wa ''Lockdown''.<ref name=":1" /> Ka Lwetse 2020, o ne a nna leloko la batshameki ba motseletsele wa difilimi tsa Sezulu tsa Mzansi Magic ''Ifalakhe.''<ref name=":1" /> Pele ga loso, o ne a itsise gore o tlile go nna leloko la batshameki ba telenovela ya DStv, ''Isono''.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /> == Bodiragatsi == {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga !Filimi !Seabe !Genre !Ref. |- |2004 |''Mazinyo Dot Q'' |Qondi |TV series | |- |2006 |''Catch a Fire'' |assistant dialogue coach |Film | |- |2008 |''Home Affairs'' | |TV series | |- |2009 |''Erfsondes'' |Receptionist |TV series | |- |2010 |''Stokvel'' | |TV series | |- |2011 |''Winnie Mandela'' |Hysterical Woman 1976 Riots |Film | |- |2012 |''Room 9'' |Prenatal Doctor |TV series | |- |2012 |''Ses'Top La'' |Buseje |TV series | |- |2013 |''[[Little One]]'' |Pauline |Film | |- |2013 |''Safari'' |Mbali's aunt |Film | |- |2013 |''Zabalaza'' |Sponono |TV series | |- |2014 |''[[Generations]]'' |Nelisiwe |TV series | |- |2015 |''Soul City'' | |TV series | |- |2015 |''[[Uzalo]]'' |Patjuju |TV series | |- |2016 |''[[Scandal!]]'' | |TV series | |- |2016 |''[[Isidingo]]'' | |TV series | |- |2016 |''Greed and Desire'' |Jabu |TV series | |- |2016 |''Umlilo'' |Nurse Nonzi |TV series | |- |2017 |''Lockdown'' |Sharon |TV series | |- |2017 |''Thola'' |Seloane |TV series | |- |2018 |''Liberty'' |Mama Nasira |Film | |- |2019 |''[[EHostela]]'' |MaKhumalo |TV series | |- |2019 |''Agent'' |Olipha |TV series | |- |2020 |''Ifalakhe'' |Anatsa |TV series | |- |2020 |''Gomora'' |Sis Gcina |TV series | |- |2020 |''Isono'' |Francina |TV series | |} == Metswedi == dcjsos11u4c3txymk5je40wsstv4ki3 Mo Abudu 0 11946 54332 47265 2026-08-30T11:55:39Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54332 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mosunmola "Mo" Abudu''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ele lesome le bongwe (11) ka ngwaga wa 1964) ke mogol wa media wa kwa Nigeria, motshwaramatlotlo, le mogakolodi wa pele wa tsamaiso ya badiri. <ref>Smallman, Etan (16 November 2013). "Meet Africa's Oprah: Why Mosunmola 'Mo' Abudu wants to change the world's view of her continent". Independent. Retrieved 17 August [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/features/meet-africa-s-oprah-why-mosunmola-mo-abudu-wants-to-change-the-world-s-view-of-her-continent-8940635.html 2016]</ref><ref>"Mosunmola Abudu a.k.a. Mo Abudu – DAWN Commission". Retrieved 19 May [https://dawncommission.org/mosunmola-abudu-a-k-a-mo-abudu/ 2021]</ref><ref>Amagiya, Florence (2 August 2014). "Mo Abudu, the pie that made her rich". The Vanguard. Retrieved 1 April 2015.[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/08/mo-abudu-pies-made-rich/]</ref> == Hisitori == '''Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele''' Mo Abudu o belegetswe kwa Hammersmith, West London. Rraagwe e ne e le moenjenere mme mmaagwe e ne e le motlamedi wa dijo. Ke wa morafe wa Ba-Yoruba. Ba lelapa la gagwe ba tswa kwa Ondo Town, kwa [[borwabophirima jwa Nigeria]]. Ke ene yo mogolo mo basading ba le bararo mo lelapeng. Mosunmola Abudu o ne a fudugela kwa Nigeria fa a ne a le dingwaga di le supa (7) go ya go nna le rremogoloagwe le mmèmogoloagwe, mme a boela kwa Engelane fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le bongwe (11). == Thuto == O ne a tsena sekolo sa Ridgeway, [[MidKent College]], le West Kent College. O na le dikirii ya Master's in Human Resource Management go tswa kwa University of Westminster kwa [[London]].<ref name=":0">"Mo Abudu". ''IMDb''. Retrieved 17 July [[imdbname:5801801/bio|2022]]</ref> Abudu ga jaana ke leloko la British Psychological Society ka dithutego tsa go dira diteko tsa tiro le tsa botho. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, o ne a amogela Doctor of Humane Letters (honoris causa) go tswa kwa [[Babcock University]]. Abudu o ne a abelwa ke Yunibesiti ya Westminster ka maemo a tlotlo a bongaka a Doctor of Arts ka ngwaga wa2018 ka go lemoga seabe sa gagwe mo intasetering ya kgaso kwa Nigeria. <ref>"Mo Abudu bags honorary doctorate degree from University of Westminster". ''Vanguard News''. 13 November 2018. Retrieved 17 July [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/11/mo-abudu-bags-honorary-doctorate-degree-from-university-of-westminster/ 2022]</ref><ref>"Mo Abudu awarded honorary doctorate by University of Westminster". ''The Guardian''. 13 November [https://guardian.ng/art/mo-abudu-awarded-honorary-doctorate-by-university-of-westminster/ 2019]</ref> <ref>"Mo Abudu bags Honorary Doctorate Degree from University of Westminster, UK". Punch. 13 November 2019.[https://punchng.com/mo-abudu-bags-honorary-doctorate-degree-from-university-of-westminster-uk/]</ref> == Tiro == Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le boferabongwe (19), Mo Abudu o ne a tlhophiwa go nna moemedi wa AVON Cosmetics mo mmarakeng wa Aforika.<ref name=":0" /> Abudu o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya seporofešenale jaaka mogakolodi wa go thapa ka 1987 kwa Atlas Recruitment Consultancy kwa [[UK,]] kwa a neng a fudugela kwa Starform Group ka ngwaga wa 1990. O ne a boela kwa Nigeria ka 1993 mme Arthur Andersen o ne a mmatla go nna tlhogo ya Human Resources and Training ya khampani ya oli, ExxonMobil. Ke mothei wa [[Vic Lawrence & Associates Limited]].<ref>Amagiya, Florence (2 August 2014). "Mo Abudu, the pie that made her rich". [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/08/mo-abudu-pies-made-rich/ Vanguard]</ref> O ne gape a dira Protea Hotel, Oakwood Park.<ref>Amagiya, Florence (2 August 2014). "Mo Abudu, the pie that made her rich". ''Vanguard''. Retrieved 21 January 2024.[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/08/mo-abudu-pies-made-rich/]</ref><ref>"I left ExxonMobil as HR manager to fulfill my personal dream – Mo Abudu". 24 January 2010. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 12 March [https://web.archive.org/web/20100127015329/http://www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art201001242383673 2010]</ref> O ne a tswelela go tlhama, go tlhagisa le go tlhagisa Moments with Mo, mme moragonyana a tlhoma EbonyLife Television, e leng kgaso ya mokgwa wa botshelo. <ref>Mndawe, Khethiwe (25 November 2017). "Mo Abudu: It's an honor that people liken my work to that of Oprah Winfrey". She Leads Africa. Retrieved 14 April [https://sheleadsafrica.org/ebonylife-tv-mo-abudu/ 2021]</ref> == EbonyLife == Abudu o simolotse Ebonylife TV (ELTV) ka ngwaga wa 2013,<ref>"Meet the hosts of Moments". DStv. 26 June 2015. Retrieved 17 August [https://www.dstv.com/en-tz/404/ 2016]</ref>e leng kgaso e e tlhagelelang mo dinageng di le dintsi tsa Afrika, UK le [[Caribbean]].<ref>Cohan, Michelle; Gbadamosi, Nosmot (29 March 2017). "The Nigerian Media mogul with a global empire". ''CNN''. Retrieved 4 September [https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/29/africa/african-voices-mo-abudu/index.html 201]</ref> Ebonylife TV e ne ya gasa kgaso ya yone ya ntlha ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e thola bongwe (1) ka ngwaga wa 2013 mo Multichoice's [[DSTV]] Channel 165. [[Ebonylife TV]] e ne ya simolola sethala sa video-on-demand [[(VOD)]] se se nang le ditsha tse dintsi.<ref>"Mo Abudu's EbonyLife TV launches subscription video-on-demand African content platform for Africans in the Diaspora". African Business Central. 3 June [https://web.archive.org/web/20200621142703/https://www.africanbusinesscentral.com/2015/06/03/mo-abudus-ebonylife-tv-launches-subscription-video-on-demand-african-content-platform-for-africans-in-the-diaspora/#:~:text=EbonyLife%20TV%2C%20Africa's%20first%20global,channels%20on%20the%20DStv%20platform. 2015]</ref> E ne e na le tumelano ya go tsamaisa le motsamaisi yo mongwe wa thelebišene e e duelang, StarTimes.<ref>Hawkes, Rebecca (2 July 2018). "Ebony Life expands reach with StarTimes". ''RapidTV News''.[https://web.archive.org/web/20230406055127/https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2018070252700/ebony-life-expands-reach-with-startimes.html#axzz6Pnhp6uRf]</ref>Abudu gape o na le maikarabelo a [[EbonyLife Media]],<ref>"EbonyLife Media (A) - Case - Faculty & Research - Harvard Business School". ''www.hbs.edu''. Retrieved 18 January 2024.[https://web.archive.org/web/20250802235938/https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=61421]</ref> <ref>McGrath, Maggie. "EbonyLife Media Founder Mo Abudu: 'Black Stories Do Matter, And Foreign Stories Do Matter'". ''Forbes''. Retrieved 18 January [https://www.forbes.com/sites/maggiemcgrath/2023/03/23/ebonylife-media-founder-mo-abudu-black-stories-do-matter-and-foreign-stories-do-matter/ 2024]</ref>e e akaretsang EbonyLife Films le EbonyLife Studios. O okamela gape le EbonyLife Creative Academy, sekolo se se tsepamisitseng mogopolo mo go ruteng bokgoni jwa go dira difilimi, <ref>"Sanwo-Olu Launches EbonyLife Creative Academy - THISDAYLIVE". ''www.thisdaylive.com''. Retrieved 18 January [https://www.thisdaylive.com/2021/03/27/sanwo-olu-launches-ebonylife-creative-academy/ 2024]</ref>le EbonyLife Place, lefelo la boitapoloso la manobonobo kwa Nigeria.<ref>"Mo Abudu returns with Ebony Life Place". ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''. 14 December 2019. Retrieved 18 January [https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/mo-abudu-returns-with-ebony-life-place/ 2024]</ref> Abudu o tlhomile EbonyLife Films ka ngwaga wa 2014. <ref>"Why I've remained friends with my ex-husband after divorce - Mo Abudu". 9 February 2022. Retrieved 14 March [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/510569-why-ive-remained-friends-with-my-ex-husband-after-divorce-mo-abudu.html?tztc=1 2022]</ref>Filimi ya gagwe ya ntlha e le motlhami-mogolo e ne e le Fifty. E ne e le motlhami wa [[The Wedding Party]] (2016). Difilimi tse dingwe tse a di tlhagisitseng ke: The Wedding Party 2, [[The Royal Hibiscus Hotel]], Chief Daddy, [[Your Excellency le Òlòtūré.]] O ne gape a tlhagisa Blood Sisters; e ne ya nna mo lenaaneng la ba ba lesome ba ba kwa godimo lefatshe ka bophara mo go Netflix,<ref>"Top 10 TV Shows on Netflix Right Now". ''www.netflix.com''. Retrieved 18 January [https://www.netflix.com/tudum/top10/tv?week=2022-05-08 2024]</ref>ya kgobokanya diura tse di fetang dimilione di le 11 tsa go bogelwa. Porojeke ya bofelo ya ga Mo Abudu, [[Elesin Oba, The King's Horseman]], e ne ya bontshiwa la ntlha kwa kgaolong ya Special Presentations kwa ngwaga wa 2022 Toronto International Film Festival.<ref>HUNTER-YOUNG, NATALEAH. "The King's Horseman". ''TIFF''. Retrieved 18 January [https://tiff.net/events/the-kings-horseman 2024]</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa 2018, EbonyLife Media le Sony Pictures Television ba ne ba tlhagisa The Dahomey Warriors. <ref>Giles, Chris. "Nollywood, Sony Pictures join forces for TV series on all-female African army". ''CNN''. Retrieved 7 May [https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/29/africa/nollywood-hollywood-female-african-tv-show/index.html 2018]</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ferekgong ka ngwaga wa 2020, AMC Networks e ne ya itsise tirisanommogo ya yona le EbonyLife go tlhagisa Nigeria 2099, terama ya bokebekwa ya afrofuturistic e e tlhamilweng ke [[EbonyLife]]. <ref>Okechukwu, Daniel (17 January 2020). "MO ABUDU'S EBONYLIFE IS DEVELOPING AN AFRO-FUTURISTIC CRIME-DRAMA FOR AMC NETWORKS". Culture Custodian.[https://culturecustodian.com/ebonylife-amc-nigeria-2099/]</ref>Ditirisanommogo tse dingwe le di studio tsa boditšhabatšhaba di akaretsa Sony, Netflix, Starz le Lionsgate, BBC, Will le Jada Smith's Westbrook Studios le Will Packer Productions.<ref>Bell, BreAnna (10 October 2023). "Lionsgate Partners With Ebony Media Group to Launch Ebony TV". ''Variety''. Retrieved 18 January [https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/lionsgate-ebony-media-group-tv-1235750276/ 2024]</ref><ref>Ramachandran, Naman (29 November 2021). "BBC Studios Sets Development Deal With Mo Abudu's EbonyLife Media". ''Variety''. Retrieved 18 January 2024.[https://variety.com/2021/tv/global/bbc-studios-ebonylife-mo-abudu-development-deal-1235121040/]</ref><ref>Wiseman, Andreas (16 February 2021). "Will Smith & Jada Pinkett Smith's Westbrook Teams With Nigeria's EbonyLife On Film & TV Slate". ''Deadline''. Retrieved 18 January 2024.[https://deadline.com/2021/02/jada-pinkett-smith-will-smith-westbrook-nigeria-ebonylife-film-tv-slate-1234694457/]</ref> == Ditirisano mmogo == Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2020, go ne ga itsisiwe ka tirisanommogo e ntšhwa magareng ga EbonyLife Media le Netflix. Netflix e rekile motseletsele wa diterama tsa EbonyLife: Castle & Castle, Fifty, Sons of the Caliphate, On the Real le The Governor, mmogo le lenaneo la thelebishene, The Dating Game, le filimi ya [[The Royal Hibiscus Hotel]].<ref>Okechukwu, Daniel (10 February 2020). "EBONYLIFE'S LEGAL DRAMA 'CASTLE & CASTLE' IS COMING TO NETFLIX". Culture [https://culturecustodian.com/castle-castle-netflix/ Custodian]</ref>Netflix e saenetse tumelano e ntšhwa le EbonyLife ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ale lesome le bobedi (12) ka ngwaga wa 2020. Go ya ka tumalano, o tshwanetse go dira le ditlhopha tsa Netflix go dira metseletsele e mebedi ya metshameko le difilimi di le mmalwa tsa letshwao la Netflix. Go ne ga itsisiwe gore go tlile go dirwa filimi ya Death and the King's Horseman le motseletsele o o theilweng mo bukeng ya ntlha ya ga Lola Shoneyin, T[[he Secret Lives of Baba Segi's Wives]].<ref>"'The Wedding Party' rakes in over N400m in ticket sales". Retrieved 7 May [https://guardian.ng/life/film/the-wedding-party-rakes-in-over-n400m-in-ticket-sales/ 2018]</ref> Ka Lwetse 2020, Netflix e ne ya golola filimi e e bidiwang Òlòtūré. Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole a thola bonne (4) ka ngwaga wa 2021, o ne a saena tumalano le Sony ka ngwaga wa 2018.<ref>"EBONY LIFE". ''HOLLY WOOD REPORTER''. 4 February [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/sony-mo-abudu-ebonylife-deal-4126999/ 2021]</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ale lesome le bosupa (17) ka ngwaga wa 2021, go ne ga itsisiwe gore EbonyLife e ne ya dira mmogo le [[Will Smith]] le [[Jada Pinkett Smith's]] Westbrook Studios go tlhagisa diporojeke tsa difilimi le tsa thelebišene. EbonyLife Place, ke lefelo la boitapoloso le boitapoloso, le simolotswe ke [[Mo Abudu]] ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2019.<ref>Aisha Salaudeen (12 June 2020). "Netflix partners with Nigerian filmmaker in new major deal". ''CNN''. Retrieved 27 June [https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/12/media/netflix-nigeria-deal/index.html 2020]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2021, Lefapha la Bojanala, Botsweretshi le Setso la Naga ya Lagos le ne la tshwara EkoDesign, e leng pontsho ya go tlhama fanitšhara le dipone. EbonyLife Media ya ga Mo Abudu e ne ya dira tirisanommogo le Sony go tlhama "Alo" e e ranotsweng go nna "Once Upon A Time". <ref>"Mo Abudu's EbonyLife, Sony Pictures set up African writers initiative". ''Punch Newspapers''. 23 September 2021. Retrieved 26 September [https://punchng.com/mo-abudus-ebonylife-sony-pictures-set-up-african-writers-initiative/ 2021]</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ale boferabongwe (9) ka ngwaga wa 2021, go ne ga itsisiwe gore BBC Studios e saenetse tumalano le EbonyLife Media ya tumalano ya tlhabololo. <ref>Ramachandran, Naman (29 November 2021). "BBC Studios Sets Development Deal With Mo Abudu's EbonyLife Media". ''Variety''. Retrieved 30 November [https://variety.com/2021/tv/global/bbc-studios-ebonylife-mo-abudu-development-deal-1235121040/ 2021]</ref>O ne a dira mmogo le Idris Elba's Green Door Pictures go tlhabolola diporojeke tsa difilimi. <ref>Owoseje, Toyin (16 March 2023). "Idris Elba teams up with media mogul Mo Abudu to nurture African film and TV talent". ''CNN''. Retrieved 18 January 2024.[https://edition.cnn.com/2023/03/16/entertainment/idris-elba-mo-abudu-partnership-intl-scli/index.html]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2021, Sekolo sa Kgwebo sa Harvard (HBS) se ne sa tlhagisa patlisiso e e malebana le mokgatlho ono. Mo Abudu o ne a neela dipuo kwa Wharton School of Business, Cambridge University Judge School of Business, [[Oxford University]] le [[Harvard University]]. <ref>"Mo Abudu, CEO, EbonyLife Media". ''Oxford Africa Business Forum''. Retrieved 18 January [https://web.archive.org/web/20250413042014/https://www.oxfordafricaforum.com/speakers2021/mo-abudu 2024]</ref> == Metswedi == t43lhimvvo991qx7exx3bp4de700ab6 Isabellah Andersson 0 12224 54325 45506 2026-08-30T06:58:03Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54325 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isabellah Andersson''' (o tshotswe Isabellah Moraa Amoro ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ele lesome le bobedi,ngwaga wa 1980) <ref>[https://www.arrs.run/CY_Mara.htm "2012 Marathon Road : World Men".] Arrs.net.</ref>ke motabogi wa sekgala se seleele wa kwa Sweden-Kenya.<ref>[http://www.live2run.com/MarathonGuide/news/stories/Sto_090527_1.html <nowiki>[1]</nowiki><sup>[''dead link''<nowiki>]</nowiki></sup>]</ref> O nna kwa [[Vilshult]] kwa Sweden, mme go tloga ka Motsheganong 2009 ke moagi wa Sweden. O tshamekela setlhopha sa [[Hässelby SK.]] == Tiro == Andersson o ne a nna mmamoratwa yo mosha wa marathone wa Sweden ka kgwedi ya Herikgong ele masome a mabedi le bobedi,ngwaga wa 2010 fa a ne a nna wa botlhano kwa [[Dubai Marathon]] ka nako ya 2:26:52.<ref>[http://www.letsrun.com/2010/geb0122.php "Gebrselassie Prevails For Third Time in Dubai Marathon"]. Letsrun.com. 22 January 2009.</ref> Mo 2010 European Championship o ne a fetsa mo maemong a botlhano, mme o ne a tlhatlosediwa go nna wa boraro ka ngwaga wa 2012. Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ele masome a mararo le bingwe ngwaga wa 2010, o ne a fetsa mo maemong a bone mo [[Frankfurt Marathon]] ka nako ya diura di le 2:25:10, ka jalo a tlhoma rekoto e ntšha ya bosetšhaba. O fentse [[Stockholm Marathon]] ka makgetlo a le mane ka go latelana.<ref name=":0">Hans Jansson hans.jansson. [https://www.dn.se/sport/siktar-pa-tredje-raka-maratonsegern/ "Siktar på tredje raka maratonsegern".] [[:en:Dagens_Nyheter|Dagens Nyheter]]</ref> <ref>Peter Wikström/TT (5 June 2010). [https://www.dn.se/sport/lagat-och-andersson-snabbast-i-stockholm-marathon/ "Lagat och Andersson snabbast i Stockholm Marathon"]. [[:en:Dagens_Nyheter|Dagens Nyheter.]]</ref>O ne a siana kwa Dubai Marathon ka ngwaga wa 2011 mme a tla mo maemong a boraro, a tokafatsa rekoto ya gagwe ya nako go nna diura di le 2:23:41.<ref>Butcher, Pat (21 January 2011). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/kind=100/newsid=59101.html Barmasai and Mergia fight headwind to take Dubai Marathon wins.] IAAF. Retrieved 21 January 2011.</ref>Kwa [[2011 World Championships]], o ne a nna wa bosupa.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/results/iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics/2011/13th-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-4147/women/marathon/final/result "13th IAAF World Championships in Athletics - Marathon - women".] ''www.iaaf.org''. IAAF. 27 August 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2015.</ref> Kwa metshamekong ya [[2012 Summer Olympics,]] o feditse a le lesome le borobedi.<ref>[http://www.olympic.org/olympic-results/london-2012/athletics/marathon-w "London 2012 - Women's Marathon".] ''www.olympic.org''. IOC. Retrieved 8 January 2015.</ref> Kwa tshimologong o ne a tla kwa Sweden go tla go ithuta go le gontsi ka motshameko wa go tsamaya ka dinao. Fa a le koo, o ne a kopana le Lars Andersson, yo e neng e le motho yo o ratang go tsamaya ka dinao e bile a rata go gaisana le ba bangwe. <ref>Lasse Mannheimer (31 May 2008). [https://www.dn.se/sport/isabellah-anderssons-raketkarriar-mot-nya-hojder/ "Isabellah Anderssons raketkarriär mot nya höjder"]. [[:en:Dagens_Nyheter|Dagens Nyheter.]]</ref>Bobedi ba nyetse ka kgwedi ya kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2006 mme ba na le ngwana wa mosetsana Beyoncé (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 2009), yo o teeletsweng ka moopedi wa kwa Amerika [[Beyoncé Knowles]].<ref name=":0" /> <ref>[http://www.universalsports.com/news/article/newsid=283135.html <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>]<sup>[[:en:Wikipedia:Link_rot|[''dead link''<nowiki>]</nowiki>]]</sup></ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110724190706/http://www.mama.nu/artiklar/2009/arets-power-mama-isabellah-andersson/ "Artiklar - Mama".] Mama.nu. Archived from [http://www.mama.nu/artiklar/2009/arets-power-mama-isabellah-andersson/ the original] on 24 July 2011.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ele lesome,ngwaga wa 2016, ka ntlha ya botlhoko jwa leoto, o ne a tshwanelwa ke go tlogela go tsaya karolo mo [[Rotterdam Marathon]] kwa Netherlands. Seno se ne sa dira gore a se ka a kgona go tsenela metshameko ya [[2016 Summer Olympic Games]] kwa Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. <ref>Gustav Orbring (10 April 2016). [http://www.svt.se/sport/friidrott/isabellah-andersson-brot-borta-fran-os/ "Isabellah Andersson bröt – borta från OS"] (in Swedish). SVT Sport. Retrieved 10 April 2016.</ref> == Diphitlhelelo == Etape Bornholm -- 2009 - phenyo le rekoto ya Sweden mo kgaisanong ya 10 km Stockholm Marathon -- 2008 - phenyo; 2009 - phenyo; 2010 - phenyo;<ref name=":0" /> 2011 - phenyo; 2013 - phenyo; 2014 - phenyo. [[Göteborgsvarvet]] -- 2008 - 2nd place; 2009 - 2nd place; 2010 - 2nd place<ref>[http://runinfinity.com/2010/05/goteborg-half-marathon-2010-results.html "Goteborg Half Marathon 2010 Results – Kiprono, Gobena win"]. Runinfinity.com. 22 May 2010.</ref> Terräng-SM/Cross country championships -- 2008 - e ne ya nna ya ntlha mo dikgannyeng tsa 4 km le 8 km <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080611144622/http://www.ifkvaxjo.se/page.php?docid=229 "IFK Växjö friidrott".] Archived from [http://www.ifkvaxjo.se/page.php?docid=229 the original] on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2010.</ref> [[Lidingöloppet]] - 2007 - o ne a nna wa ntlha mo kgaisanong ya 30 km <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100826003842/http://www.marathon.se/news/article.cfm?NewsId=313496 <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] [https://web.archive.org/web/20100826003842/https://web.archive.org/web/20100826003842/http://www.marathon.se/news/article.cfm?NewsId=313496 Archived] 26 August 2010 at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine Wayback Machine]</ref> [[2010 European Athletics Championships]], Barcelona ⁇ in marathon, o ne a nna wa boraro mme a gapa bronze medal, ka nako ya 2:34:43 == Metswedi == 0yqsdzffhglrsgeysl5w234z9unv8vd Letamo la Theewaterskloof 0 13460 54327 50419 2026-08-30T09:41:14Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54327 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Theewaterskloof''' ke letamo le le ikagetsweng le le kwa nokeng ya Sonderend gaufi le Villierdorp, kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Ka tsamaiso le kwa mmasepaleng wa Theewaterskloof. Le tlhamilwe ka 1978 ebile ke letamo le letona mo marafatlhatlheng a metsi a Kapa Bophirima ka selekanyo sa di mithara di le makgolo a mane, le masome a robabobedi, 41% wa metsi a a beilweng a a teng kwa Kapa, kwa go nang le palo ya batho ba feta didikadike tse nne.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/index.htm List of South African Dams] from the [[Lephata la metsi le Kgopo leswe|Department of Water Affairs]]</ref> Letamo le le dirisediwa thata madirelo le mmasepala le go nosetsa. Borai jwa lone bo kwa godimo.<ref name=":0">[["List of Registered Dams"]]. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> == Popego ya letamo == Lebotana la letamo la Theewaterskloof le di mithara di le makgolo a marataro, masome a mane le borataro ka boleele le di mithara di le masome a mararo le botlhano go ya kwa godimo.<ref name=":0" /> Mosele o o phunyeletsang lebota o letla gore metsi a kgone go ntshediwa kwa nokeng ya Sonderend. Mosele o o ka kgona morwalela wa di mithara di le makgolo a mararo, masome a robabongwe le bone ka sephatlo sa motsotso.<ref name=":1">van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). [https://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/10%20W%20history%20p%2022-25.pdf "Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend"] (PDF). ''The Water Wheel''. '''10''' (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> Mosele wa Charmaine o tsaya metsi kwa molatswaneng go ya kwa moseleng wa Franschhoek, go ya [[Noka ya Berg|nokeng ya Berg]] le go ya mo mafaratlhatlheng a [[Cape Town]] a metsi. Ka Mariga mosele o o ka bereka ka go boela kwa morago, o busetsa metsi a mantso go tswa kwa nokeng ya Berg go ya Theewaterskloof.<ref name=":1" /> Mosele o mongwe o isa metsi kwa Vyeboom go nosetsa maffelo a a mo tikologong ya letamo. == Dithibelo tsa metsi == [[Setshwantsho:Theewaterskloof Dam water extraction point.jpg|thumb]] Pula e e kwa tlase fa e sale ka 2015 e dirile gore seelo sa Theewaterskloof se ye kwa tlase thata. Melawana ya metsi e ne ya bewa ke toropokgolo ya Cape Town ka 2016 go fitlhelela seelo sa di lithara di le makgolo a marataro a metsi ka letsatsi,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170607095645/http://www.capetown.gov.za/Family%20and%20home/residential-utility-services/residential-water-and-sanitation-services/2016-residential-water-restrictions-explained Residential water restrictions explained]". ''www.capetown.gov.za''. Retrieved 2026-06-09</ref> baagi ba beetswe seelo sa dilithara di le lekgolo ka letsatsi, ba kganelwa go tlhatswa dikoloi, go nosetsa ditshimo le go tlatsa metsi a a thumang ka metsi a mmasepala. [[Setshwantsho:Theewaterskloof Dam 2018 02 10 (28425520089).jpg|thumb|Theewaterskloof e le mo go 12% ka Tlhakole a le lesome ngwaga wa 2018]] Fa paka ya 2017 ya komelelo e fela, Theewaterskloof e ne e wetse kwa seelong sa 12.9%, 10% wa boffelo a sa kgone go fitlhelelwa. Matsubutsubu a Seetebosigo 2017 a ne a tsisa pula e ntsi, ya oketsa seelo go nna 15%,mme pula ka 2017 e ne e le kwa tlase. Setshwantsho sa go ya tlase ga seelo sa letamo se ne sa supa botlhokwa jwa go somarela metsi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170612184718/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/western-cape-dam-levels-up-only-15-percent-after-storms "Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms".] ''www.enca.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-09</ref> Dikiletso tsa metsi kwa Cape Town di ne tsa okediwa go tswa mo legatong la bone go ya kwa go la 4b ka Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa 2017, go fokodiwa metsi a a dirisiwang go ya kwa dilithareng di le masome a robabobedi le bosupa motho a le mongwe ka letsatsi. Pula ka 2017 e ne ya tswelela e le kwa tlase thata, ka 2018 letamo le ne le le kwa tlase mo go sa siamang, se se baka gore dilithara tsa metsi di fokolediwe kwa go tse di masome matlhano motho a le mongwe ka letsatsi, le maano a go kgadisa metsi ga mmasepala wa Cape Town ka Moranang 2018.<ref>Watts, Jonathan (2018-02-03). [https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/feb/03/day-zero-cape-town-turns-off-taps "Cape Town faces Day Zero: what happens when the city turns off the taps?".] ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 2026-06-09</ref> Dipula tse di namagadi tsa mariga a 2019 le 2020,di ne tsa baka gore Theewaterskloof e bone seelo sa 100% ka Phalane 2020.<ref>Bhengu, Lwandile (4 October 2020). [https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2020-10-04-watch-western-capes-largest-dam-overflows-for-the-first-time-in-six-years/ "Western Cape's largest dam overflows for the first time in six years".] ''Sowetan''. Retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> == Pula le selekanyo == Letamo la Theewaterskloof le na le selekanyo sa di mega lithara di le dikete di le makgolo a mane, masome a robabobedi, makgolo a mane leborataro sa metsi, fa molatswana o o tletse, o apesa bophara jwa di heketara di le dikete tlhano, masome a matlhano le borobabongwe.<ref name=":0" /> Kgaolo e e nosiwang ke letamo le e bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le makgolo a matlhano, le nosiwa ke metswedi e e mo kgaolong ya dithaba tsa Hottentots Holland. Lefelo le le itemogela dipula tsa malatsi a le masome a marataro le borobabongwe ka ngwaga.<ref>institutt, NRK og Meteorologisk. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170731043904/https://www.yr.no/place/South_Africa/Western_Cape/Theewaterskloofdam/statistics.html "Weather statistics for Theewaterskloofdam".] ''yr.no''. Archived from [https://www.yr.no/place/South_Africa/Western_Cape/Theewaterskloofdam/statistics.html the original] on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2026-06-09</ref> Mo ditsong<ref><sup>[https://www.dwaf.gov.za/Hydrology/Verified/HyData.aspx?Station=H6E00110.00&DataType=Monthly&StartDT=1974-11-30&EndDT=2017-02-01&SiteType=MET&Format=Old "Rainfall History".]</sup></ref> dipego di supa fa re le mo nakong ya komelelo<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180115014055/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Hydrology/Provincial%20Rain/Default.aspx "Western Cape rainfall".] Archived from [https://www.dwaf.gov.za/Hydrology/Provincial%20Rain/Default.aspx the original] on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2026-06-09</ref> 1mm wa pula o lekana le dilithara di le didikadike di le makgolo a matlhano mo lefelong leo. Ka jalo go tlhokafala methara wa pula go tlatsa letamo le le senang sepe gotlhelele, selo se go seng motlhofo gore se ka direga ka ngwaga o le mongwe. Go tsaya malatsi a le mmalwa fela gore metsi otlhe a a mo lefatsheng a goroge kwa letamong. Go tsewa ke letsatsi ga metsi le ka fa lefatshe le le bongola ka teng go ama selekanyo sa metsi a a gorogang kwa letamong. Seelo sa 9% go tsena ka 15% se dirisiwa go lekanyetsa metsi kgatlhanong le go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi le go nowa ke mmu. Letamo le leboteng thata metsi a lone ga a tsewe ke phefo le letsatsi thata ka gore ga a phatlhalala. [[Setshwantsho:Theewaterskloof dam.png|left|thumb|312x312px|Kwa letamo le leng teng]] [[Setshwantsho:Theewaterskloof Dam catchment map.svg|center|thumb|Lefelo le le nosiwang ke letamo le]] == Ditiragalo tsa itloso bodutu == Letamo la Theewaterskloof ke lone le go tshwarelwang moletlo wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa mmino wa Synergy Live music Festival, e le mengwe ya meletlo e metona thata ya kwa ntle kwa Aforika Borwa, o gantsi o diragalang ka mafelo a beke a bofelo a kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele kgotsa mafelo a beke a ntlha a kgwedi ya Morule.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170515194213/http://synergylive.co.za/ "Synergy".] Synergy. 2015. Archived from [http://synergylive.co.za/ the original] on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == jcay33u8d4cfdjsryk8x95583wlrchx Go tlamelwa ka metsi le go tlhatswa leswe kwa Nigeria 0 13507 54324 53901 2026-08-30T06:10:12Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54324 wikitext text/x-wiki Maikarabelo a go tlamela ka metsi kwa Nigeria a abelanwa ke maphata a le mararo a puso  ⁇  ya bosetšhaba, ya porofense le ya selegae. Puso ya selegae e na le maikarabelo a go laola metswedi ya metsi; dipuso tsa diporofense di na le maikarabelo a magolo a go tlamela metse ka metsi; mme dipuso tsa selegae mmogo le baagi di na le maikarabelo a go tlamela metse ka metsi kwa magaeng. Boikarabelo jwa go phepafatsa ga bo tlhalosiwe sentle.<ref>[https://www.africaportal.org/documents/8111/Joe_Goldface_en.pdf Goldface–Irokalibe, Joe. Water Management In Federal And Federal –Type Countries: Nigerian Perspectives] (PDF) (Report). pp. 14–15. Retrieved 28 May 2021.</ref> Boleng jwa tirelo ya metsi le go busediwa ga ditshenyegelo tsa one go kwa tlase. Ditheko tsa metsi di kwa tlase mme batho ba le bantsi ba ba dirisang metsi ga ba duele dikoloto tsa bone. Ka jalo batlamedi ba ditirelo ba ikaega thata ka dithuso tsa nakwana go duelela ditshenyegelo tsa bona tsa tiragatso. <ref>[http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=ENV/WKP(2020)13&docLanguage=En "Addressing the social consequences of tariffs for water supply"]</ref> Dipholisi tsa Bosetšhaba le Maitlhomo di rotloetsa go nna le seabe ga lephata la poraefete le go fetola pholisi kwa maemong a Puso.<ref name=":0">USAID: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090730015346/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADO937.pdf Nigeria Water and Sanitation Profile, ca]. 2007</ref>Tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe ya bosetšhaba e lemoga botlhokwa jwa tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe jaaka e le botlhokwa mo setšhabeng se se itekanetseng le tlhabololo ya bosetšhaba.<ref>Adeoti, O. (2007-02-01). "Challenges to managing water resources along the hydrological boundaries in Nigeria". ''Water Policy''. '''9''' (1): 105–118. Bibcode:[[doi:10.2166/wp.2006.002|2007WaPol...9..105A]]. doi:10.2166/wp.2006.002. ISSN 1366-7017.</ref> Mo dipotsolotsong, Olukemi Badenoch, moeteledipele wa Conservative Party, o ne a bolela gore fa a ne a sa le ngwana kwa Nigeria, ba lelapa la gaabo ba ne ba na le mathata a go se nne le metsi le motlakase, mme seo se ne sa ama tsela e a lebang dipolotiki ka yone. O ne a tsopola maitemogelo a gagwe jaaka karolo ya lebaka la go bo a tsaya botsitso jwa mafaratlhatlha le mebaraka e e gololesegileng e le botlhokwa, ka a bone ka matlho dikgwetlho tsa go tshela ntle le go fitlhelela ditirelo tsa motheo. == Go tsena == Baithaopi ba phepafatsa mesele ya metsi kwa Ilorin, Nigeria ka letsatsi la boithatelo. Tota le fa go na le mafaratlhatlha a a lekaneng a go boloka le go dira gore go nne le thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, go ka nna ga se ka ga nna jalo kwa [[Nigeria]]. Go kgotlelwa ga polasetiki go kgoreletsa go dirisiwa ga metsi a a leswe mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2015, 67% ya baagi ba Nigeria ba ne ba kgona go bona metsi a motheo.<ref>[https://www.waterwide.org/water-nigerians-deserves/ "Water Nigerians Deserves".] Retrieved 2023-03-20</ref><ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20161109030735/http://www.washwatch.org/en/countries/nigeria/summary/statistics/ "Nigeria"]. ''WASHWatch''. Retrieved 21 March 2017</ref>Palo eno e ne e le 82% ya batho ba ba nnang mo ditoropong le 54% ya batho ba ba nnang kwa magaeng. Bontsi jwa batho kwa Nigeria ga ba na metsi a a phepa, segolo thata kwa mafelong a magae.<ref>[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/262663-69-million-nigerians-lack-access-to-safe-water-unicef.html "69 million Nigerians lack access to safe water- UNICEF | Premium Times Nigeria".] 2018-03-22. Retrieved 2022-03-01</ref> Dipalopalo tsa lefatshe ka bophara tsa metsi le boitekanelo di supa gore 79% ya batho ba Nigeria ba na le mathata a tlhaelo ya metsi. <ref>[https://tribuneonlineng.com/hazards-of-contaminated-water/ "Hazard of contaminated water".] ''Nigerian Tribune''. 27 January 2022.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2015, batho ba ka nna dimilione di le 60 ba ne ba sa kgone go bona metsi a "bonnye". Malebana le go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, ke 33% fela ya baagi ba ba neng ba kgona go fitlhelela "bonnye" jwa go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse. Palo eno e ne e le 39% ya batho ba ba nnang mo ditoropong le 27% ya batho ba ba nnang kwa magaeng. Batho ba ba ka nnang dimilione di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le bobedi (122) ba ne ba sa ntse ba sa kgone go fitlhelela "bonnye jwa motheo" jwa go nna phepa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161109030735/http://www.washwatch.org/en/countries/nigeria/summary/statistics/ "Nigeria"]. ''WASHWatch''. Retrieved 21 March 2017.</ref><ref>[[:en:Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Nigeria#cite_note-12|WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation.]]</ref> Mo mafelong a ditoropo, go fitlhelela diphaepe tsa metsi go ne ga emisetsa go fitlhelela metsi ka diphaepe.<ref>"UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/Wider)". ''Poverty and Undernutrition'': ii. 2000-10-05. doi:[[doi:10.1093/0198292686.001.0001.002.002|10.1093/0198292686.001.0001.002.002.]] ISBN <bdi>0-19-829268-6</bdi>.</ref> Go nna le thulaganyo e e lekaneng ya go tlosa leswe gantsi go dirwa ka ditanka tsa septic, ka gonne ga go na thulaganyo ya go tsamaisa leswe. Dipalopalo tse di malebana le go fitlhelela metsi le kgeleloleswe di a ganetsana ka ntlha ya ditlhaloso tse di sa tshwaneng, ditshupo le mekgwa e e farologaneng e e dirisiwang ke ditheo tse di farologaneng. Ga go na le fa e le go lekola lephata lepe fela. <ref>[[:en:Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Nigeria#cite_note-14|John Gambo Laah, Ph.D., Water and Sanitation Monitoring Platform (WSMP),]] Nigeria: Nigeria Water and Sanitation Summary Sheet, no date</ref> Go ya ka Guardian News: "Mookamedi wa Advocacy, Policy and Communication, Water Aid Nigeria, Kolawole Banwo, o rile mo dikgaolong tsa puso ya selegae di le makgolo a supa le masome a supa le bone (774) mo Nigeria, ke di le masome a supa le borataro (76) fela tse di senang maemo a go ntsha mantle mo nageng, bothata jono jwa boitekanelo e sa ntse e le bothata jo bo masisi jo bo tlhokang kgato e e potlakileng".<ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220301105621/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/40-of-fct-residents-into-open-defecation/ "40% of FCT residents into open defecation".] ''The Guardian''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2022-02-06. Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2022-03-01</ref> Go ya ka pego e e gatisitsweng ke Amnesty International ka kgwedi ya Lwetse , khampani ya oli ya Shell le puso ya Rivers State, kwa borwa jwa Nigeria ga di dire go le gontsi go tlamela metsi a a phepa kwa Ogale, lefelo le le kwa ntle ga motsemoshate. Banni ba patelesega go reka metsi ka ditlhwatlhwa tse di sa kgonegeng kgotsa go nwa metsi a a tswang mo didibeng tse di kgotletsweng ka benzene.<ref name=":3">[https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR4491722018ENGLISH.pdf "COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA DRINKING POLLUTED WATER"] (PDF). Amnesty International. Retrieved 27 September 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/common-water-issues "Common Water Issues | U.S. Geological Survey"]. ''www.usgs.gov''. Retrieved 2022-02-27</ref> == Boleng jwa tirelo tsa metsi == Go ya ka World Bank, ka ngwaga wa 2010, "ditirelo tsa ntshokuno ya metsi kwa Nigeria di ne di sa dire ka bokgoni jo bo siameng ka ntlha ya didiriso tse di senyegileng, kgotsa go tlhoka motlakase kgotsa mafura a go pompa".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260119213857/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2010/04/22/new-project-to-bring-clean-water-to-50000-households "New Project to Bring Clean Water to 50,000 Households".] ''World Bank''. Retrieved 2020-05-29.</ref> Ditshenyegelo tsa go dira tsa ditheo tsa metsi di okediwa ke tlhokego ya go ikaega ka dijenereitara tsa disele kgotsa le e leng go ikagela dimela tsa tsone tsa motlakase, ka gore motlakase ga o tle ka metlha. Didiriswa le diphaepe di tlhokomelwa sentle, go isa kwa go tlamelweng ga metsi ka dinako tse di rileng le kwa maemong a a kwa godimo a metsi a a senang lotseno.<ref>World Bank:[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/NIGERIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22553025~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:368896,00.html New Project to Bring Clean Water to 50,000 Households], 22 April 2010</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2000, mo e ka nnang selekanyo sa masome a ferangbobedi (80% )ya ditsamaiso tsa metsi tse di neng di le mo mmusong (tse di neng di tsamaisiwa ke setšhaba) mo ditoropong tse dinnye di ne di sa dire.<ref name=":4">World Bank/Federal Republic of Nigeria:[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NIGERIAEXTN/Resources/wss_1100.pdf Water Supply & Sanitation Interim Strategy Note,] November 2000, retrieved on April 11, 201</ref> Ka go dira dipeeletso le go aga bokgoni jwa baagi, tiriso ya mafelo a metsi e ka okediwa mo nakong e khutshwane. Ka sekai, mo metseng e e neng e tshegediwa ke UNICEF kwa Kwara State, tiro e ne ya tokafala go tswa go masome ma matlhano le boraro (53%) go ya go 98%, mme kwa Kebbi state, tiro ya go epa e ne ya tokafala go tswa go 12% go ya go 88%. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga go itsege sentle gore didirisiwa tseno di tla tswelela go dira sentle jang mo nakong e telele, morago ga gore ditsereganyo tsa boditšhabatšhaba di fele. Mo ngwagasomeng wa bobedi wa dingwaga tsa bo-2000, e ne ya lekanngwa ka go nna teng ga di-metalloid mo go tlameleng metsi a a dirisediwang batho le temothuo, mo mabakeng a mangwe ka boleng jo bo fetang melelwane ya boditšhabatšhaba ya WHO (sekao, mo mafelong a a dikologileng Zaria, <ref name=":5">Philip Njoku Obasi; Bennard Benedict Akudinobi (2020). [[doi:10.1007/s13201-020-01233-z|"Potential health risk and levels of heavy metals in water resources of lead–zinc mining communities of Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria".]] ''Applied Water Science''. '''10''' (article number 184): 184. Bibcode:2020ApWS...10..184O. doi:10.1007/s13201-020-01233-z. S2CID 220375764.</ref>Abakaliki, <ref name=":5" />Ibadan <ref>Effiong Ukorebi Etim (March 1, 2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6236527 "Occurrence and Distribution of Arsenic, Antimony and Selenium in Shallow Groundwater Systems of Ibadan Metropolis, Southwestern Nigerian".] ''Journal of Health and Pollution''. '''7''' (13): 32–41. doi:10.5696/2156-9614-7-13.32. ISSN 2156-9614. PMC 6236527. <nowiki>PMID 30524812</nowiki>. S2CID 54448087.</ref> <ref>Christiana Ndidi Egbinolacorresponding; Amobichukwu Chukwudi Amanambu (2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447718 "Groundwater contamination in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria"]. ''SpringerPlus''. '''3''' 448. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-448. PMC 4447718. <nowiki>PMID 26034666</nowiki></ref>le Onitsha). Kgotlelo ya dimetaloid le segolo thata ya arsenic- e farologana ka selekanyo se se maleba mo setlheng sa komelelo le sa pula, ka ntlha ya go ntshiwa ga diminerale mo metsing a sediba le a diforo le ka bontlhabongwe mo ditirong tsa madirelo a meepo.<ref>. Citation: [https://web.archive.org/web/20200712184702/http://jett.dormaj.com/docs/Volume3/Issue%201/html/Level%20of%20arsenic%20in%20potable%20water%20sources%20in%20Nigeria%20and%20their%20potential%20health%20impacts%20A%20review.htm ''High arsenic concentrations can occur locally in surface waters (as well as ground waters) in areas of bedrock sulphide mineralization or mining activity, industrial contaminations, or areas affected by geothermal activity and in surface waters that are fed by high-arsenic groundwater''.]</ref><ref name=":5" />Boemo jo bo tshwanang jwa setlha sa arsenic bo lemogilwe mo dithishung tsa mesifa ya mefuta ya ditlhapi tsa kwa tlase ga lewatle.<ref>Citation: ''[https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201700277593 This calls for continuous monitoring and enforcement of regulations to ensure safety of fishery resources from Lagos Lagoon.]''</ref>Ka jalo, bothata jwa kgotlelo ga bo a rarabololwa ka botlalo le fa e le mo indasetering ya ditlhapi ya Nigeria mme go tlhokega dipatlisiso tse dingwe (kgotsa melawana). == Bokgoni == Metsi le kgelelo-leswe ga di a tlamelwa sentle mo Nigeria. <ref>Obeta, Michael Chukwuma; Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (2015). [https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/jengeo.2015.8.issue-3-4/jengeo-2015-0009/jengeo-2015-0009.xml "Factors Responsible For Rural Residential Water Supply Shortage In Southeastern Nigeria"]. ''Journal of Environmental Geography''. '''8''' (3–4): 21–32. doi:10.1515/jengeo-2015-0009 – via De Gruyter.</ref>Ka sekai, ditheo tsa metsi tsa puso di na le badiri ba bantsi thata. Ka ngwaga wa 2000, go ne go na le badiri ba ka nna masome a supa (70) mo badirising ba le sekete (1 000) mo ditheong tsa metsi tsa puso, fa go bapisiwa le kelo ya tiragatso e e gaisang ya 3.5.<ref name=":4" />Metsi a e seng a lotseno gantsi a feta 50%.<ref name=":0" /> === Abuja === Millennium Park e e kwa Abuja, e metsi a yone a tlamelwang ka metsi a ntseng a okediwa Motsemogolo wa Nigeria, Abuja, o bona karolo ya metsi a one a a nowang mo letamong la Lower Usuma Dam. Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 2013, Federal Capital Territory Water Board (FCTWB) e leng setheo se se rweleng maikarabelo a go tlamela metsi a a nowang mo Federal Capital Territory se ne sa simolola go dira karolo ya boraro le ya bone ya porojeke ya Lower Usman Dam Treatment Plant (LUDWTP) e e simolotseng ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 2011. Dikarolo tsotlhe tsa porojeke (karolo 1, 2, 3, le 4) le letamo la letamo la Gurara ke motswedi wa metsi a a sa tlhotlhiwang go tswa mo letamong la letamo la Lower Usuma le fa le kopantswe, le na le bokgoni jwa go dira dilitara di le dimilione di le makgolo a supa le masome a mabedi (720) tsa metsi a a phepa ka letsatsi go ya kwa Abuja le baagisani ba gagwe.<ref>[https://dailytrust.com/ "Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics | Dailytrust".] ''Daily Trust''. Retrieved 2022-02-16.</ref><ref>[https://www.water-technology.net/projects/lower-usuma-dam-water-treatment-plant-expansion-abuja/ "Lower Usuma Dam Water Treatment Plant Expansion, Abuja - Water Technology".] ''www.water-technology.net''. Retrieved 2022-03-13.</ref> Metsi a a leswe a phepafadiwa kwa Federal Capital Territory Sewage Treatment Plant e e leng kwa kgaolong ya Wupa kwa Abuja, e agilwe ke SCC Nigeria Limited mme e laetswe ke Moporesitente Olusegun Obasanjo.<ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/01/abuja-sewage-treatment-plant-runs-on-generators-for-13-years/ "Abuja Sewage Treatment Plant runs on generators for 13 years".] ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2021-01-23. Retrieved 2022-03-13</ref> === Enugu === Kakaretso ya toropo ya Enugu Enugu ke porofense e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Nigeria. Enugu State Water Corporation ke setheo se se rweleng maikarabelo a go tlamela ka metsi mo Enugu State, se eteletswe pele ke motsamaisi-mogolo. Go se nne teng ga metsi a a lekaneng e ntse e le nngwe ya dikgwetlho tse dikgolo tsa puso ya Enugu e e ka nnang ya bo e le ka ntlha ya go sa tsamaisiweng sentle ga mafaratlhatlha le kgogolego kwa Ajali Water Works e e tlamelang 77,000 m3 ya metsi letsatsi le letsatsi. <ref name=":6">[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/11/03/changing-the-narrative-on-enugu-water-problem-from-the-root/ "Changing the Narrative on Enugu Water Problem from the Root"]. ''This Day''. 2021-11-03. Retrieved 2022-03-13.</ref>Ntlo ya Palamente ya Enugu State ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2021 e fetisitse molao o o tshwailweng ka "tshwanelo ya go fitlhelela metsi le ditirelo tsa boitekanelo". Molaotlhomo ono o ne wa tlisiwa ka maiteko a go tokafatsa tlamelo ya metsi le ditirelo tsa boitekanelo mo nageng. <ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/enugu-assembly-passes-bill-to-improve-water-supply-sanitation/ "Enugu Assembly passes bill to improve water supply, sanitation".] ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2021-07-28. Retrieved 2022-02-17.</ref> Puso ya Enugu State e simolotse go tsosolosa 9th Mile Crash Programme ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 2021 morago ga gore porojeke eno e emisiwe dingwaga tse di fetang masome a mararo (30). Porojeke eno e dirilwe ke FordMarx Nigeria Limited. <ref name=":6" /> === Lagos === Motse o mogolo go gaisa otlhe mo Nigeria ka palo ya baagi, Lagos o dikologilwe ke metsi a lewatle le lekadiba. Phesente e e fopholediwang ya metsi a a phepa mo toropong e ka nna 81.32%. <ref>Lagos Water Corporation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120323021344/http://www.lagoswater.org/about_us.php "Organisation History"]. Retrieved 12 April 2012.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, e re ka metsi a a seng phepa a a mo letsheng a kgotletswe thata, motse o bona metsi a one go tswa mo dinokeng tsa Ogun le Owo. Lefelo la bogologolo la go phepafatsa metsi mo toropong eno, le le kwa Iju mo Nokeng ya Ogun, le ne la agiwa ka ngwaga wa 1910. E ne ya okediwa ka dikgato go nna digalase di le dimilione di le masome a mane le botlhano (45) ka letsatsi. Semela se sengwe se sennye se ne sa agiwa kwa Ishashi mo Nokeng ya Owo ka ngwaga tsa bo1970. Motšhine o mogolo go gaisa o o kileng wa agiwa o ne wa tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa1991 kwa Adiyan ka bokgoni jwa digalase di le dimilione di le masome a supa (70) ka letsatsi. Gape e tswa mo Nokeng ya Owo. Gape go na le di-mini-waterworks di le supa tse di tserweng go tswa mo metsweding ya selegae tse di nang le bokgoni jo bo kopaneng jwa lesome le boferabobedi (18m) gallons ka letsatsi. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241104184550/http://watercorporation.lagosstate.gov.ng/ "Lagos State Water Corporation".] ''Lagos State Water Corporation''. Retrieved 2022-03-01.</ref>Lekgotla la Metsi la Lagos le bolela gore metsi a a tlhagisitsweng mo semeleng a fitlhelela maemo a a kwa godimo, le gore a tlamela "metsi a a bolokesegileng a go nwa ka selekanyo se se lekaneng le ka metlha go batho ba ba fetang dimilione di le 12,5 kwa Legos State". <ref>Lagos State Water Corporation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160201020415/http://lagoswater.org/index.php "Welcome to the Official Website of the LSWC".] Retrieved 12 April 2012.</ref> LASWARCO (Lagos Water Corporation) le yone e simolotse loeto lwa go ya go ithuta kwa Lekgotleng la Bosetšhaba la tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe mo Zambia gore go tle go rarabololwe mabaka a motheo a a bakang bothata jwa tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe le ditsela tse di tlhokegang tsa go rarabolola bothata jono.Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi a kgotlelwa gantsi mo kgwebong ya kabo mme batho ga ba tshepe boleng jwa metsi a pompo. Go kgaoga ga motlakase go kgoreletsa ditlamelo tsa go phepafatsa go dira go sa kgaotse. Le fa go ntse jalo, semela sa motlakase sa 12.15 MW se ne se ntse se agiwa ka ngwaga wa 2012 go tlamela ka motlakase kwa mafelong a go phepafatsa metsi a Adiyan, Iju le Akute. <ref name=":7">[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/04/lagos-water-everywhere-but-not-to-drink/ "Lagos: Water everywhere but none to drink".] ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. 3 April 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.</ref> Malapa le one a bona metsi go tswa mo didibeng tse di seng boteng tsa poraefete. <ref name=":7" />Kgotsa malapa a ikaega ka barekisi ba mo mebileng, ba dira mmaraka o o atlegileng wa "metsi a kgetsana", metsi a a phepafaditsweng a a phuthetsweng mo dikgetsaneng tsa polyethylene.Barekisi ba metsi ba ba bidiwang Mairuwa ba rekisa metsi go tswa mo ditankeng le mo dirotong mo dikareng, tse ka dinako tse dingwe di rekisetswang barekisi ba bangwe ba ba rwalang metsi ka dikgamelo kgotsa ka dinkgwana. <ref name=":7" /> Go fitlhelela metsi a a tlamelwang ke State Water Corporation ke 'metropocentric' ke gore, go dikologilwe ke metropolis. Ka ntlha ya go se nne teng ga metsi a a lekaneng mo setšhabeng, batho ba ne ba gana go dirisa metsi go tswa mo motsweding mongwe le mongwe go a dirisa mo malapeng. 40% ya matlo a ikaegile ka sediba go a dirisa mo malapeng; 32% e ikaegile ka barekisi go bona metsi; 7% ya matlo a ikaegile ka megogoro ya setšhaba le 19% ka ditanka, dinoka le metsi a pula a a sa bonweng mo setlheng se se omeletseng. == Benue == Noka ya Benue (Makurdi) Kwa Makurdi, motsemoshate wa Benue State, ke fela 25-30% ya baagi ba ba direlwang mme baagi ba tsaya metsi a a sa tlhotlhiwang ka dikgamelo go tswa kwa nokeng e e kgotletsweng ya Benue. <ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326449662 "The contending issues with domestic water supply in makurdi"]</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2008, go agiwa ga lefelo la go phepafatsa metsi go ne ga tlogelwa go ise go wediwe mme badiredi ba ne ba sa kgone go tlhalosa US$6 million. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2012, go ne go ntse go agiwa lefelo la go phepafatsa metsi jaaka karolo ya Greater Makurdi Waterworks Project. Go ya ka Nat Apir, mogakolodi wa metsi yo o ikemetseng, go tlhoka ga marangrang a a tsamaisang metsi a segompieno go tla dira gore diphaepe di phatloge mme bokgoni jwa semela bo mo kotsing ya go sa dirisiwe ka botlalo. <ref name=":8">PBS / Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting (15 March 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120316045356/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/globalhealth/jan-june12/westafrica_03-15.html "What's Causing Water Shortages in Ghana, Nigeria?".] ''PBS''. pp. Minutes 1–4 of the video. Archived from the original on March 16, 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2012</ref> Melatswana/dinoka di tsenya 27.89% mo setlheng se se omeletseng le 24.16% mo setlheng se se metsi, metsi a pula e le 0.00% mo setlheng se se omeletseng le 27.22% mo setlheng se se metsi. Kwa motseng wa Ugbokolo, tlhokego ya metsi e kwa godimo (155,788 lpd) go feta se se leng teng (113,249 lpd) go ralala motse.[ 43] === Imo === Morago ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi le bone (24) tsa go dira ntle le metsi a a tsamaisiwang, ka ngwaga wa 2020, puso ya Imo ka fa tlase ga tsamaiso ya ga Senator Hope Uzodinma, Mmusi wa Imo, o ne a ntsha madi go tsosolosa lephata la metsi a a phepa mo metsesetoropong, mme seo sa dira gore baagi ba Imo ba kgone go bona metsi a a bolokesegileng, ditirelo tsa boitekanelo le tsa boitekanelo. Ka fa tlase ga Engr Emeka Celestine Ugoanyanwu, Imo State Water and Sewerage Corporation e ne ya dira diphetogo tse dikgolo tsa setheo, pholisi le taolo, tse di neng tsa isa kwa go tsosoloseng Otammiri Waterworks le dithulaganyo tse dingwe tsa metsi tse di neng di le ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Setlamo. <ref name=":9">[https://www.sunnewsonline.com/uzodimma-revives-adapalm-restores-public-water-supply-to-owerri/ "Uzodimma revives Adapalm, restores public water supply to Owerri"]. ''The Sun''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2020-04-22. Retrieved 2022-03-12.</ref>Ka jalo mmusi gape o ne a laela gore go dirwe tsosoloso e e akaretsang mo lephateng la WASH go tsamaelana le thekenoloji ya segompieno. Go ya ka USAID, Imo State Water and Sewerage Corporation (ISWSC) e tlamela ka metsi go batho ba le dimilione di le tharo ( 3) ba kwa Imo. <ref>Ngene, Ben U.; Nwafor, Christiana O.; Bamigboye, Gideon O.; Ogbiye, Adebanji S.; Ogundare, Jacob O.; Akpan, Victor E. (2021-01-01). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7820563 "Assessment of water resources development and exploitation in Nigeria: A review of integrated water resources management approach".] ''Heliyon''. '''7''' (1) e05955. Bibcode:2021Heliy...705955N. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05955. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 7820563. <nowiki>PMID 33521352</nowiki>.</ref> === Oyo === Letamo la Asejire Letamo la Erelu le le neng la tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1963 ke motswedi o mogolo wa metsi go baagi ba Oyo le tikologo ya yona mme le na le bokgoni jwa go tlamela ka dilitara di le dimilione di le 7,5 tsa metsi ka letsatsi mme gape le na le bokgoni jwa bobolokelo jwa 10cm3.<ref>Ufoegbune, G. C; Oparinde, O. C; Eruola, A. O. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280082127 "Municipal water supply planning in Oyo metropolis, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria".] ''Journal of Geography and Regional Planning''. '''4''' (7): 9 – via ResearchGate.</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le diporojeke di le tharo tsa go tlamelwa ka metsi kwa Ibadan: Eleyele Water Works, Asejire Water Works le Osegere Water Works. Go tlhaela ga metsi, diphaepe tse di thubegileng ke dingwe tsa dikgwetlho tse banni ba kwa Oyo ba lebaneng le tsone malebana le metsi. Mafelo a ditoropo a Oyo a tlamelwa ka metsi ke Oyo State Water Corporation. === Edo === Motswedi o le mongwe fela wa metsi kwa motseng wa Itsukwi, kwa Edo Thulaganyo ya metsi kwa Benin City, e e ikaegileng ka Letamo la Noka ya Ikpoba, e tlamela fela mo e ka nnang 30% ya baagi. Bo Tautona ba bangwe ba le masome a supa (70) ba di bona metsi a tsone go tswa mo didibeng tse dintsi tse di epetsweng gore di dirisediwe merero ya motho ka namana, ya temothuo le ya madirelo. === Borno === Kwa Borno State, go thata go bona metsi a a phepa le go nna le thulaganyo e e siameng ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse ka ntlha ya dikgotlhang tse di ntseng di tsweletse ka dingwaga di le dintsi tse di sentseng diphaepe tsa metsi, dikhuti le matlwana a boithomelo. Batho ba le bantsi mo metseng le mo dikampeng tsa batshabi ba ga metsi ba a gelela mo dinokeng, mo matamong kgotsa mo didibeng tse di bulegileng, tse gantsi di leswe e bile go se motlhofo go di nwa. Go ya ka pego ya ngwaga wa 2021 ya UNICEF, ke mo e ka nnang nngwetharong fela ya batho ba kwa Borno ba ba nang le metsi a a phepa, mme bontsi jwa bone ba sa ntse ba dirisa metsi a a nang le megare. Matlo a le mantsi ga a na matlwana a boithomelo, ka jalo go ntshetsa mantle kwa ntle go sa ntse go tlwaelegile mo mafelong mangwe. Go thusa go tokafatsa seemo, puso ya porofense ya Borno le mekgatlho e e jaaka UNICEF, WaterAid,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250406164544/https://www.wateraid.org/ng/media/the-coca-cola-foundation-and-wateraid-bring-life-transforming-water-and-hygiene-to-four "The Coca-Cola Foundation and WaterAid bring life-transforming water and hygiene to four communities in Borno State | WaterAid Nigeria"]. ''www.wateraid.org''. Retrieved 2025-11-10</ref>le Red Cross (ICRC) ba ntse ba baakanya dikhuti, ba aga matlwana a boithomelo, le go tlamela ka metsi a a phepa, segolo thata kwa Maiduguri le metse e e gaufi.Le fa go na le maiteko ano otlhe, go tlhoka tshireletsego, tlhokomelo e e bokoa, le go tlhoka madi a a lekaneng go dira gore go nne thata gore malapa a le mantsi kwa Borno a nne le metsi a a phepa le thulaganyo e e siameng ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse. == Kaduna == Kwa Kaduna State, batho ba le bantsi ba sa ntse ba kgaratlhela go bona metsi a a phepa le a a phepa. Pego ya puso ya ngwaga wa 2021 e bontshitse gore batho ba ba kwa tlase ga halofo ya batho mo nageng eno ba na le metsi a a nowang ka metlha, mme ke ba le mmalwa fela ba ba nang le metsi a a phepafaditsweng sentle le a a bolokesegileng. Mo mafelong a mantsi a kwa magaeng, batho ba ga metsi go tswa mo didibeng kgotsa mo didibeng, mme dingwe tsa tsone di a omelela ka paka ya komelelo kgotsa di emisa go bereka. Gape dipatlisiso di fitlhetse gore bontsi jwa metsi a a dirisiwang mo malapeng ga a babalesega, ka gonne a na le megare e e ka bakang malwetse. Go rarabolola bothata jono Kano e tlamelwa ka metsi a a tswang mo dinokeng tsa lefelo leo le a a tswang mo metsing a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe a a dirisitsweng thata. Tlamelo ya metsi ya setšhaba e tlhaela, ka jalo mafelo a poraefete a go rekisa metsi a ntse a ntsifala le go dira dipoelo tsa bathapi ba poraefete. <ref name=":7" />Letamo la Asa le dira jaaka motswedi o mogolo wa metsi wa toropo ya Ilorin. === Noka ya Kaduna === Dipolotiki le maiteko Pholisi ya Bosetšhaba ya Tlamelo ya Metsi le Kgeleloleswe ya Nigeria, e e amogetsweng ka ngwaga wa 2000, e rotloetsa go nna le seabe ga lekala la poraefete mme e lebeletse gore go dirwe diphetogo mo ditheong le mo melaong ya puso. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga go ise go direge sepe se se kalo mo dintlheng tseno ka bobedi. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2007, ke di state di le nne fela mo go tse masome a mararo le bosupa (37) - Lagos, Cross River, Kaduna le Ogun states[39] tse di simolotseng go tsenya tirisanommogo ya setšhaba le poraefete (PPP) ka mokgwa wa dikonteraka tsa ditirelo,[6] mofuta wa PPP o mo go ona maikarabelo a lephata la poraefete a lekanyeditsweng mo go tsamaiseng mafaratlhatlha ntle le go rotloetsa tiragatso. Le fa gone puso e na le pholisi ya go dira gore dilo di nne ka tsela e di leng ka yone, go dira gore dilo di nne ka tsela e di leng ka yone ga go ise go direge. Bokgoni jwa dipuso tsa selegae jwa go rulaganya le go diragatsa dipeeletso, kgotsa go tsamaisa le go tlhokomela ditsamaiso, bo santse bo le kwa tlase le fa go na le maiteko a go tlhabolola bokgoni. Mo godimo ga moo, pholisi ya bosetšhaba e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo go tlameleng ka metsi mme e itlhokomolosa bophepa. <ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2003, "Presidential Water Initiative (PWI): Metsi a Batho, Metsi a Botshelo" e ne ya simololwa ke Moporesidente wa nako eo Olusegun Obasanjo. Thulaganyo eno e ne e na le mekgele e megolo ya go oketsa go nna le metsi, go akaretsa go fitlhelela selekanyo sa lekgolo(100) lekgolong sa go nna le metsi mo metsemegolong ya diporofense, 75 lekgolong ya go nna le metsi mo mafelong a mangwe a ditoropo le 66 lekgolong ya go nna le metsi mo mafelong a magae. Go dirilwe go le gonnye fela go tsenya letsogo mo maitlhomong a mme ga go ise go fitlhelelwe dilo tse di ikaeletsweng go dirwa.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2011, puso e ne ya bouta kwa lekgotleng la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng e buelela maitlamo a go dira gore metsi le bophepa e nne ditshwanelo tsa batho. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga e ise e tlhome molao o o tlhalosang gore batho ba na le tshwanelo ya go nna le metsi le go nna le thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse. Naga ga e mo tseleng ya go fitlhelela Maitlhomo a Tlhabololo a Mileniamo a metsi le kgeleloleswe. <ref name=":9" /> Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2008, go ile ga tsenngwa thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse mo dinageng di le thataro ka thuso ya UNICEF le EU. Le fa gone e se molao wa setšhaba, go bonala fa maiteko ano a a dirwang ke batho ba maemo a a kwa tlase a ile a atlega ka tsela nngwe. Go agilwe matlwana a boithomelo a feta 17 000 mo metseng e le makgolo a ferangbobedi le masome a mararo le borataro (836), mme metse e e fetang lekgolo (100) mo go yone e fitlheletse mokgele wa go bolelwa gore ga e na bothata jwa go ntsha mantle mo pepeneneng. <ref name=":8" />Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2022, 18% ya batho ba Nigeria ba dirisa go ntsha mantle mo pepeneneng. == Maikarabelo == Makala a mararo a puso a na le maikarabelo a go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa metsi. Ka sekai, puso ya bosetšhaba e na le maikarabelo a go okamela tsamaiso ya metswedi ya metsi, puso ya porofense e tlamela metse ya ditoropo ka metsi fa dipuso tsa selegae tsone di dirisana mmogo le baagi go tlamela metse ya magae ka metsi. Boikarabelo jwa go phepafatsa ga se ka metlha bo leng mo pepeneneng, fela go phepafatsa mo ditoropong ke boikarabelo jwa puso.<ref name=":7" /> === Puso ya Federal === Tona ya Lefapha la Metswedi ya Metsi, e e neng e le karolo ya Tona ya Temothuo go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2010, e na le maikarabelo a diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa go tlhabolola metswedi ya metsi le go abela diporofense metsi. Go na le Ditheo di le lesome le bobedi (12) tsa Tlhabololo ya Metsi a Dinoka tse di leng ka fa tlase ga Lefapha, tse di rweleng maikarabelo a go rulaganyetsa le go tlhabolola metswedi ya metsi, tiro ya go nosetsa le go kokoanya tshedimosetso ya hydrological, hydro-geological. Gape di tlamela metse ka metsi a mantsi go tswa mo matamong. Khomišene ya Dituelo tsa Ditirelo e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 1992 go tlhokomela le go laola dituelo tsa ditirelo, go akaretsa le tsa Mekgatlho ya Metsi ya Puso. <ref name=":2" /> == Dipuso tsa diporofense == Boikarabelo jwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang bo neetswe State Water Agencies (SWAs) kgotsa mafapha a metsi a puso mo dinageng di le masome a mararo le borataro (36) tsa Nigeria. DWA di ikarabela mo dipusong tsa diporofense tsa bone, gantsi ka Lefapha la Diporofense la Metswedi ya Metsi. DWA e na le maikarabelo a go tlamela metse ka metsi mo ditoropong, mme mo dinageng dingwe gape e na le maikarabelo a go tlamela metse ka metsi kwa magaeng. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2000, diporofense di le masome a mabedi le bobedi (22) di ne di na le ditheo tse di farologaneng tsa metsi le kgeleloleswe ya metsi, tse bontsi jwa tsona di tlhomilweng go diragatsa lenaneo la UNICEF. <ref name=":3" />Ka ngwaga wa 2010, puso ya Lagos e ne ya tlhoma Ofisi ya Puso ya Tsamaiso ya Metsi a a Leswe ka fa tlase ga Lekgotla la Naga la Metsi la Lagos. E ne ya tsaya maikarabelo a tsa boitekanelo go tswa go Lefapha la Tikologo la Puso. == Dipuso tsa selegae == Mekgatlho ya Puso ya Selegae (LGAs), e e nang le maloko a le 774, e na le maikarabelo a go tlamela ka metsi a metsemagae le ditlamelo tsa kgeleloleswe mo mafelong a yona le fa e le gore ke ba le mmalwa fela ba ba nang le didiriswa le bokgoni jwa go rarabolola bothata jono. Ke dilegae di le mmalwa fela tse di nang le mafapha a a tlamelang ka metsi kwa magaeng. == Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng == Mo metseng mengwe ya selegae, go ile ga tlhomiwa dikomiti tsa metsi le tsa kgeleloleswe (WASCOs) go tlhokomela le go tlhokomela mafelo a metsi. Dikomiti tseno di tshwanetse go duelela metsi a tsone. Baabi ba ba jaaka African Development Bank ba beile tlhokego ya gore bonnye 30% ya maloko a WASCO e tshwanetse go nna basadi. 59] Ka 1993, Puso e ne ya itlama go nonotsha seabe sa baagi mo tlamelong ya metsi kwa magaeng mo tokomaneng ya pholisi. Ka ngwaga wa 2000, pholisi e e ne e ise e anamisiwe kgotsa e tsenywe tirisong mo mananeong otlhe a a neng a duelelwa ke puso kgotsa ke baabi. 20] == Setshaba sa baagi == Lefapha la metsi le kgeleloleswe ya metsi la kwa Nigeria le na le setšhaba se se matlhagatlhaga se se tsayang dikgato tse di farologaneng go rarabolola mathata a lefapha leno. Mokgatlho wa Metsi le Kgeleloleswe (NEWSAN) ke mokgatlho o o kopaneng wa mekgatlho e e seng ya puso ya WASH, fa Water and Sanitation Media Network[60] e akaretsa babegadikgang ba ba begang ka lephata leno. Mokgatlho o o eteletseng pele o e seng wa mmuso mo lephateng le ke Bread of Life Development Foundation e e tsamaisang weblog ya eWASH ka ga dikgang tsa metsi le kgeleloleswe mo Nigeria. 61] === Dintlha tsa madi === Ditheko le go busediwa Ditefiso tse di tlhomameng tsa dikgolagano tse di sa lekanyediwang. Bontsi jwa metswedi ya metsi ya kwa Nigeria ga e na dimetara. Palo ya go lekanya e farologana go tswa go 7% kwa Katsina go ya go 16% kwa Kaduna le 24% kwa Lagos ka 2007. Bareki ba ba sa diriseng metara ba duedisiwa tlhwatlhwa e e tlhomameng e e sa amaneng le selekanyo se ba se dirisang. Mo badirising ba matlo ba ba sa diriseng metara, tlhwatlhwa ya kgwedi le kgwedi e ne e le US$3 kwa Lagos, US$5 kwa Katsina le US$11 kwa Kaduna. Kwa Yobe state e ne e le Naira 100 (US$0.60) ka kgwedi, e leng selekanyo se se kwa tlase go gaisa mo nageng go ya ka Yobe State Water Corporation. Lotseno lwa ditefiso lo ne lwa duelela fela 2% ya ditshenyegelo tsa go tlamela metsi.[ 62] Dithekesi tsa dikgokagano tse di nang le dimetara. Bareki ba ba dirisang dimetara ba duedisiwa tlhwatlhwa e e rileng, jaaka go ntse kwa Lagos, kgotsa tlhwatlhwa e e rileng e e oketsegang, jaaka go ntse kwa Katsina le Kaduna. Mo thulaganyong ya go oketsa tlhotlhwa ya ditshipi, tlhotlhwa ya metara ya dikhubiki e oketsega ka iketlo ka go simolola ka go dirisa 30 m3 ka kgwedi ka palogotlhe ya ditshipi di le 3 go ya go di le 6. Tlhwatlhwa ya matlo a ntlha a a rekisiwang ke US$0.19 ka m3 kwa Kaduna le US$0.44 ka m3 kwa Katsina. Ditheko tsa badirisi ba kgwebo le ba intaseteri di kwa godimo.[ Tekanyetso ya metsi e ne e le Naira 50 ka m3 (US$0.30) kwa Oyo state le Naira 16 ka m3 (US$0.10) kwa Taraba state ka 2009. 63] Go kokoanya makgetho. Ditsamaiso tsa tshedimosetso tse di feletsweng ke nako le mekgwa e e sa dumalaneng ya go duedisa di baka ditshenyegelo tse di oketsegileng tsa lotseno. Selekanyo sa madi a a amogelwang se kwa tlase thata. Mo dikarolong dingwe e kwa tlase ga 10% ya madi a a duelwang. Go na le dikoloto tse dintsi tse di saletseng kwa morago, segolobogolo tsa ditheo tsa puso. Go baakanya ditlhwatlhwa. Naga nngwe le nngwe e itlhomela tlhwatlhwa ya yone ya metsi. Diphetogo tsa ditefiso di tshwanetse go dumelwa ke Khansele ya Puso ya Khuduthamaga ka tsela e e tsayang lobaka lo loleele. E re ka ba sa kgone go duelela ditshenyegelo tsa bone tsa tiragatso, le go kgona go tlhomamisa diphetogo tsa ka metlha tsa tlhotlhwa, Mekgatlho ya Metsi ya Puso e amogela thuso ya madi go tswa go dipuso tsa puso. 20] Ditlhwatlhwa tsa barekisi. Dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng mo barekising ba mo mebileng kwa Lagos, Kaduna le Katsina di bontsha gore ba duedisa madi a a fetang a a duelwang ke Mekgatlho ya Metsi ya Puso ka makgetlo a le masome a mabedi (20). Madi a a duelwang, mo palong e e lekanyeditsweng thata ya tlamelo go tswa kwa barekising ba poraefete ba metsi, a ka nna ga nne go ya go ga lesome go feta ya kgwedi e le nngwe ya tlamelo e kgolo thata ya pompo. 20] == Dipeeletso == Gore Nigeria e kgone go fitlhelela Maitlhomo a Mileniamo a Tlhabololo a go tlamelwa ka metsi ka ngwaga wa 2015, naga eno e tlhoka go tsenya madi a a ka nnang dibilione di le makgolo a mabedi le lesome le botlhano (215) tsa diranta ka ngwaga. Nigeria ga jaana ga e tsenye madi a a fetang N82.5 billion (US$0.5 billion) mo lekaleng leno. 3] Bontsi jwa dipeeletso tseno di tlhokega go tsosolosa mafaratlhatlha a a sa tlhokomelweng sentle. Ga go a tlhomama gore a tekanyetso eno e akaretsa le go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse. == Tlamelo ka madi == Le fa gone go lebeletswe gore mephato yotlhe e meraro ya puso e nne le seabe ka botlalo mo go tshegetseng ka madi dipeeletso tse di dirwang mo ditirelong tsa metsi le tsa go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, gantsi dipuso tsa selegae ga di na madi a go dira jalo. Puso ya porofense le ya puso ya selegae le tsone di tlamela ka madi a mannye fela. Ka jalo, bontsi jwa metsi a setšhaba le ditlamelo tsa boitekanelo kwa Nigeria di duelelwa ke baabi. 64] Go kgaoganya lotseno lwa oli le lekgetho magareng ga maemo a a farologaneng a puso ke kgang e e masisi mo dipolotiking kwa Nigeria, e e kgaogantsweng magareng ga Bokone jwa Bamoseleme le Borwa jo bontsi jwa yone e leng jwa Sekeresete mme kwa kgaolo e le nngwe kwa Borwa e na le lotseno lotlhe lwa oli. Magareng ga ngwaga wa 1948 le ngwaga wa 2001, dikhomishene di le robongwe, ditaolo di le thataro tsa sesole, molao o le mongwe wa lekgotla la molao le dikatlholo di le pedi tsa Kgotlatshekelo ya Makgaolakgang di lekile go tlhalosa dikamano tsa madi magareng ga dikarolo tsa lekgotla la koporasi ntle le go rarabolola bothata. 65] Madi a puso a a amogelang a akaretsa mo e ka nnang diperesente di le masome a ferangbongwe(90). Tirisanommogo ya kwa ntle Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Aforika Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2012, African Development Bank e dumetse kadimo e e sa tureng ya diranta di le dimilione di le lekgolo (100) go tokafatsa metsi le go phepafatsa mo toropong e e kwa bokone ya Zaria. Porojeke e tla tsenngwa tirisong ke Lekgotla la Metsi la Naga la Kaduna. 67] Gape e dumetse porojeke ya go tlamelwa ka metsi le go phepafatsa mo metsesetoropong kwa metseng ya Ibadan le Jalingo kwa Oyo le Taraba ka ngwaga wa 2009. Diporojeke tseno tse pedi tsa mo ditoropong di akaretsa go tsenngwa ga dimetara tsa metsi, go rotloetsa bophepa mmogo le go aga matlwana a boithomelo kwa dikolong, kwa ditleliniking tsa boitekanelo, kwa marekisetsong le kwa diparakeng. Go farologana le porojeke e ntšhwa ya kwa Zaria, porojeke e kgologolo e tshegetsa diphetogo mo maemong a puso go kgaoganya ditiro tsa taolo le tsa tiragatso, le go tsenngwa tirisanong ya puso le poraefete. Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Aforika le yona e ne ya duelela diporojeke tsa metsi le tsa kgeleloleswe ya metsi kwa metseselegaeng kwa dikgaolong tsa Yobe le Osun tse di neng tsa amogelwa ka ngwaga wa 2007. Porojeke e ne e ikaeletse go oketsa tiriso ya metsi a metsemagae le ditlamelo tsa kgeleloleswe mo diporofenseng tse pedi, e go neng go fopholediwa gore e kwa tlase ga 50% ka ngwaga wa 2006, go fitlha go 100% ka ngwaga wa 2012. Ditirelo tsa boitekanelo tse di agilweng ke matlwana a boithomelo a sanplat le matlwana a boithomelo a a ntlafaditsweng a a nang le phefo. 59] African Development Bank e duelela ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa diporojeke tseno e sa tlhoke gore puso ya Nigeria e nne le seabe. African Development Bank e tsentse madi a le dimilione di lemakgolo a ferangbongwe le botlhano( 905) tsa didolara tsa Amerika mo lekaleng leno fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1971.[ 59] === China === Ka ngwaga wa 2005, China e ne ya saena tumalano ya thuso le Nigeria go epa diforo di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a ferangbongwe le boferabobedi (598) kwa dinageng di le 18 le FCT. 68] Ga go a tlhalosiwa gore thuso eno e tla nna bokae le gore e tla newa ke setheo sefe. == Lekgotla la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng == EU e tshegetsa Lenaneo la Diphetogo tsa Lefapha la Metsi le Kgeleloleswe mo diporofenseng di le thataro (Anambra, Cross River, Jigawa, Kano, Osun le Yobe) ka thuso ya madi ya di-euro di le dimilione di le masome a ferangbobedi le bosupa(87). Mmuso wa Nigeria, mo maemong otlhe a mararo a puso, le baagi ba selegae ba solofetswe go tsenya letsogo ka di-Euro di le dimilione di le 31 tse dingwe.[ 69] === JICA === JICA ke khutshwafatso ya Japan International Cooperation Agency[70] mme e tlamela ka dithuso tsa metsi a a phepa le tsa boitekanelo kwa dikgaolong tse tharo, Oyo, Kano le Yobe.[ 71] === UNICEF === UNICEF ((United Nations Children's Fund) e e kileng ya bo e itsiwe jaaka United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund[72] e tshegeditse tlamelo ya metsi kwa magaeng, tlhweko le bophepa mo metseng le dikolong go ralala naga go tloga ka 2002. Ditsereganyo tsa yone di ne tsa duelelwa ke DFID le European Commission. Go ile ga agiwa metswedi e mesha ya metsi a a phepa e le 6 960 (megogoro, didiba tse di epilweng le metswedi e e sireleditsweng) le matlwana a boithomelo a le 19 100. Dikolo tse di fetang 400 di tlametswe ka matlwana a boithomelo a a nang le ditlamelo tse di farologaneng tsa basimane le basetsana le mafelo a go tlhapa diatla. 73] === USAID === USAID ((United States Agency for International Development) [1] e tshegetsa tlamelo ya metsi kwa magaeng, boitekanelo le thuto ya boitekanelo kwa bokone jwa Nigeria, mo metseng e le masome a mane le borataro (46) kwa Bauchi, Kano le kwa Sokoto. USAID e dira mmogo le mokgatlho o e seng wa puso wa Nigeria wa Women Farmers Advancement Network (WOFAN), Action Against Hunger (NGO) le WaterAid. 75][76] === WaterAid === WaterAid, e leng mokgatlho o e seng wa puso wa kwa Boritane, o ne wa rotloetsa go kopanngwa ga thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, go tlamela ka metsi le go ruta batho ka tsa boitekanelo ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go dira dilo mo setšhabeng le go dirisa dithekenoloji tse di sa jeng madi a mantsi. E dira mmogo le mekgatlho e e seng ya puso ya Nigeria, go akaretsa Benue NGO Network (BENGONET), Mokgatlho wa Metsi le Kgeleloleswe mo Nigeria (NEWSAN), Justice Development and Peace Initiative (JDPI), Community Based Development  ⁇  NGO (CBD-NGO), Women Empowerment In Nigeria (WEIN) le Bol Development Association (BOLDA). E dira mo ditoropong tse di fetang lekgolo (100) mo dinageng tsa Bauchi, Benue le Plateau. E tlhomile lenaane la maemo a a kwa tlase, le le theilweng mo dintlheng tse di akantshiwang ke baagi ka bobone, go thusa baagi go itlhophela ka bobone gore ke kae koo ba tshwanetseng go abela didirisiwa teng. Tsamaiso e e ntseng jalo ya go tsaya ditshwetso e e tsayang karolo e bile e le mo pontsheng e botlhokwa thata mo maemong a go se tshepane le puso e e bokoa. 77] Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2012, e ne ya fiwa tiro ke puso ya go thusa go lekola le go sekaseka diporojeke tsa metsi, tsa boitekanelo le tsa boitekanelo tsa puso kwa Nigeria. Go ya ka Tona ya Metswedi ya Metsi, Moporesitente Goodluck Jonathan o na le kgatlhego mo tshekatshekong e e ikemetseng ya tiragatso ya lephata mme mekgatlho e e seng ya puso e beilwe sentle go dira tiro e. 78] Banka ya Lefatshe Banka ya Lefatshe e weditse diporojeke di le supa tsa metsi fa e sa le ka ngwaga wa 1985 mme e ne e na le diporojeke di le tharo tse di ntseng di tsweletse ka ngwaga wa 2010. Palogotlhe ya madi a a dirisitsweng mo diporojekeng tseno tse 10 e ka nna diranta di le dimilione di le dikete di le 2,4. Porojeke ya Ntlha ya Diphetogo tsa Metsesetoropo ya Metsi (US$120 million) e lebile ditoropo di le 13 kwa diporofenseng tsa Kaduna, Ogun le Enugu. Porojeke gape e ikaeletse go tlhoma dipholisi tsa metsi tsa puso, le go rotloetsa tirisanommogo le lekala la poraefete. Porojeke ya bobedi ya Urban Water Reform Project ya boleng jwa didolara di le dimilione di le 200, e tshegetsa katoloso ya mafaratlhatlha a diphaepe kwa Calabar, le tsosoloso ya dimela tsa go phepafatsa metsi le ditsamaiso tsa kabo kwa Lagos mmogo le ditoropo tse dingwe tse tharo kwa Cross River State. == Metswedi == jh1v6ijpgzupe6jj7rj94w2it2e05t6 Letsha la Mburo 0 13996 54328 51808 2026-08-30T09:53:32Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54328 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Canoe on Lake Mburo in Lake Mburo National Park.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Mburo]] '''Letsha la Mburo''' ke letsha la metsi a a foreshe le le kwa bophirima jwa Uganda, le le mo Lake Mburo National Park. Ke lefelo le le itsegeng thata mo kgaolong eno, le le itsegeng ka bontle jwa lone le mefutafuta ya ditshedi. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230607190140/https://www.lakemburo.com/ "Lake Mburo National Park".] ''Lake Mburo National Park | Lake Mburo | wildlife tours''. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref> == Thutafatshe le popego == Letsha la Mburo le kwa kgaolong ya Ankole kwa Uganda, gaufi le toropo ya Mbarara. Ke letsha le le seng boteng le le nang le boteng jwa dimetara di ka nna tlhano. Letsha leno le na le bogolo jwa disekwerekilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a marataro mme le dikologilwe ke dithaba, mafulo a a bulegileng le sekgwa. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220725130844/https://www.utb.go.ug/news-and-views/lake-mburo-park-domestic-tourist "LAKE MBURO: A PARK FOR DOMESTIC TOURIST | Uganda Tourism Board"]. ''utb.go.ug''. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref>E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le masome a mararao le bongwe kwa botlhaba jwa Mbarara le dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane kwa bophirima jwa Kampala. Letsha leno le na le diphologolo tse di farologaneng tsa naga, tse di akaretsang dipitse tsa naga, di-impala, dinare, ditshukudu, di-warthogs le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mararo ya dinonyane. Gape ke lefelo le le rategang la go lebelela dinonyane, go tshwara ditlhapi le go palama mekoro. Letsha leno le ne la simololwa go nna lefelo le le laolwang la go tsoma ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boraro, mme la tokafadiwa go nna lefelo le le sireleditsweng la go tsoma ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boraro. Kgabagare e ne ya dirwa serapa sa diphologolo ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro. Phaka e tsamaisiwa ke Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA). <ref>[https://ugandawildlife.org/ "Uganda Wildlife Authority - UWA".] ''ugandawildlife.org''. 2022-04-30. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref> == Mefutafuta ya Ditshedi == Letsha leno le tikologo ya lone di na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dimela le diphologolo. Letsha la Mburo le itsege thata ka dinonyane tsa lone tse di fetang makgolo a mararo tse go begilweng gore di nna mo lefelong leno. Mefuta e e sa tlwaelegang ya ditshedi e e jaaka finfoot ya Afrika le phokojwe e e bidiwang shoebill e fitlhelwa mo lefelong leno. Letsha leno gape le na le dinonyane tsa naga, dikwena le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi, e leng se se dirang gore letsha leno le nne botlhokwa mo tikologong. <ref>[https://www.lakemburoparkuganda.com/ "Lake Mburo National Park".] ''Lake Mburo National Park''. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref> == Ditšhaba tsa selegae le botlhokwa jwa setso == Letsha la Mburo le dikologilwe ke batho ba bontsi jwa bone e leng ba morafe wa Banyankole. Baagi bano ba dira temothuo, go tshwara ditlhapi le go rua diruiwa e le ditiro tsa bone tsa konokono tsa itsholelo. Letsha leno le didirisiwa tsa lone di botlhokwa thata mo setsong le mo go tsa ikonomi mo baaging ba lefelo leno, di bopa dingwao tsa bone le tsela e ba tshelang ka yone. == Ditlhapi le ditiro tsa itsholelo == Go tshwara ditlhapi go na le seabe se setona mo matshelong a batho ba ba nnang gaufi le Letsha la Mburo. Batshwaraditlhapi ba lefelo leno ba ikaegile ka letsha leno gore ba kgone go itshedisa le go bona lotseno. Go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi mo letsheng leno, go akaretsa le tilapia, lungfish, mudfish le catfish. Mekgwa ya go thaya ditlhapi e farologana go tswa go mekgwa ya setso ya go dirisa matloa le dikgoge go ya go ditiro tsa kgwebo tse dinnye. == Boitlosobodutu le bojanala == Letsha la Mburo le ngoka baeti ba ba tswang mo lefatsheng lotlhe ba ba tlang go tla go bona bontle jwa lone jwa tlholego le diphologolo tsa lone tsa naga. Letsha leno le na le dilo tse dintsi tse batho ba ka di dirang go itlosa bodutu, tse di akaretsang go tsamaya ka mokoro, go tshwara ditlhapi le go tsamaya le batho ba ba eteletsweng pele. Ditiro tse di neela bajanala tshono ya go itumelela tikologo e ntle le go lebelela diphologolo tsa naga tse di farologaneng tse di nnang mo lefelong leno. <ref>[https://ugandawildlife.org/national-parks/lake-mburo/ "Lake Mburo".] ''ugandawildlife.org''. 2022-05-04. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref> == Go di boloka le dikgwetlho == Letsha la Mburo le tikologo ya lone e lebane le dikgwetlho tse di farologaneng tsa go le sireletsa, tse di akaretsang go latlhegelwa ke lefelo la bonno, dikgotlhang tsa batho le diphologolo tsa naga le go tsoma ka dikgoka. Go dirwa maiteko a go rarabolola mathata ano ka maiteko a a jaaka go dira gore baagi ba nne le seabe, go ruta le go dira gore molao o diragadiwe. Serapa sa Bosetšhaba sa Letsha la Mburo se na le seabe se segolo mo go sireletseng letsha leno le mefutafuta ya ditshedi tsa lone == Metswedi == l5tomzavrbx66j9hb97pu6wg2ocprid Lefelo la Motlakase wa Metsi la Rusomo 0 14147 54326 51679 2026-08-30T08:51:42Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54326 wikitext text/x-wiki Lefelo la Motlakase wa metsi la Rusumo (Kinyarwanda: Urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwa Rusumo, French: Centrale hydroélectrique de Rusumo), gape e itsege jaaka Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Rusumo, ke lefelo la motlakase wa metsi, a a nang le bokgoni jwa go tlhoma dimekawate di le masome a robabobedi (110,000 hp). Tiro eno e ne e akaretsa go agiwa ga letamo le le neng le tsamaisiwa ka tsela e noka e neng e rulagantswe ka yone. Go ne ga akanngwa ka polane e e turang ya di megawatts tse masome a robabongwe (120,000 hp) pele e latlhiwa go na le porojeke ya 80 MW e e nang le tshusumetso e potlana mo tikologong le ditshenyegelo tse di lekanyeditsweng tsa US$300 million fa go bapisiwa le US$400 million tsa porojeke e kgolwane.<ref>Edwin Musoni (12 March 2012). [http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2012-03-12/50441/ "Rusumo Hydropower To Generate 80MW".] ''[[:en:New_Times_(Rwanda)|New Times (Rwanda)]]''. Kigali, Rwanda. Retrieved 8 April 2016.</ref> Banka ya Lefatshe e ne ya itsise ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola borataro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro gore e amogetse dikadimo tsa madi a a kana ka diranta di le dimilione di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mane go ya go diranta di le dimilione di le 468.60 tse di tlhokegang mo porojekeng. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150122235803/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2013/08/06/world-bank-approves-rusumo-falls-hydropower-plant?cid=EXT_TWBN_D_EXT "World Bank Approves Rusumo Falls Hydropower Plant"]. [[:en:World_Bank|''World Bank''.]] Washington, DC, United States. 6 August 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2015.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro , [[African Development Bank]] e ne ya dumela kadimo ya US$113 million go feleletsa porojeke. <ref>[http://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2013/11/rusomo-falls-hydropower-project-receives-113-million.html "Rwanda's 80 Megawatt Rusumo Falls Hydropower Project Receives $113 Million"]. ''Hydroworld.com''. 27 November 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2015.</ref><ref>AfDB (27 November 2013). [http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/afdb-board-commits-us-113-million-to-regional-rusumo-falls-hydropower-project-12610/ "AfDB Board Commits US$113 Million to Regional Rusumo Falls Hydropower Project"]. ''[[:en:African_Development_Bank|African Development Bank]] (AfDB)''. Retrieved 18 February 2015.</ref> == Lefelo == Seteišene sa motlakase se mo Nokeng ya Kagera, go bapa le molelwane wa Rwanda le Tanzania le dikilometara tse di ka nnang pedi (1.2 mi) kwa tlase ga noka ya tripoint koo dinaga tse pedi di arolelanang molelwane le Burundi. Porojeke e kwa Rusumo Falls, gaufi le toropo ya Rusumo, e e ka nnang 164.5 kilometres (102.2 mi), ka tsela, borwabotlhaba jwa Kigali, motsemogolo le toropo e tona ya Rwanda. 6] Rusumo Falls e ka nna dikilometara di le masome a marataro le bongwe (38 mi), ka tsela, borwabotlhaba jwa ntlokgolo ya porofense kwa Kibungo, mo Kgaolong ya Ngoma. [ 7] Dikhuduthamaga tse di batlileng di nna teng tsa seteišene sa motlakase ke: 02°22'47.0"S, 30°47'09.0"E (Latitude:-2.379722; Longitude:30.785833).[ 8] == Dintlha tse dingwe == Motlakase o o tlhagisitsweng o tla abelanwa ka go lekana magareng ga dinaga tsa Burundi, Rwanda le Tanzania. 4] Maatla a motlakase a tla ntshiwa kwa lefelong la go tlhagisa motlakase ka mela ya phetisetso ya 220 kilovolt go ya kwa diteišeneng tsa phetisetso kwa: Gitega, Burundi, sekgala sa dikilometara di le 158 (98 mi); Kigali, Rwanda, sekgala sa dikilometara di le lekgolo le lesome le botlhano (71 mi); le Nyakanazi, Tanzania, sekgala sa dikilometara di le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (61 mi).[ 9] == Ditiragalo == Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro , go ne ga saenwa dikonteraka tse pedi kwa Kigali, kwa Rwanda, tse di neng tsa bula tsela ya gore go agiwe seteishene sa motlakase. Konteraka ya ntlha e ne e le magareng ga Rusumo Power Company Limited le setlhopha sa borakonteraka ba ba neng ba akaretsa kgwebo e e kopanetsweng e e dirilweng ke CGCOC Group Limited le Jiangxi Water & Hydropower Construction Company Limited. Tumelano eno e tlamela ka tiragatso ya ditiro tsa selegae, go akarediwa tlamelo le go tsenngwa ga didirisiwa tsa hydromechanical. 10] Konteraka ya bobedi e ne ya saenwa magareng ga Rusumo Power Company Limited le setlhopha sa dikhamphani, go akaretsa Rusumo Falls Andritz Hydro GmbH ya Jeremane le Andritz Hydro PVT Limited ya India, go dira ditiro tsa motlakase le tsa metšhine go tlhagisa motlakase. 10] Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro , ditshenyegelo tsa porojeke di ne di le $340 million, tse di tla duelelwang ke The World Bank. Diphatlha tse tharo tsa motlakase wa motlakase o o kwa godimo tse di tla ntshang motlakase o o tlhagisitsweng di ne di akanyediwa go ja diranta di le dimilione di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le bongwe, tse di neng tsa duelelwa ke African Development Bank. Go ne go rulagantswe gore kago e simolole ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa. 10] == Metswedi == a9vtvrlq0dr8gal0gmn9nh3ajodiynj Bokeresete mo Botswana 0 14303 54315 52259 2026-08-30T01:27:46Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54315 wikitext text/x-wiki Go feta palo ya makgolo a supa ya baagi ba [[Botswana]] ke Bakeresete . Bontsi ke maloko a Kereke ya Katoliki, Kereke ya Seventh-day Adventist, Anglican, Kereke ya Phuthego e e Kopaneng ya Aforikaborwa, Kereke ya Methodist ya Aforikaborwa, le dikereke tse di ikemetseng tsa Aforika . Anglican ke karolo ya Kereke ya kgaolwana ya Aforika Bogare . Kereke ya Katoliki e akaretsa mo e ka nnang botlhano mo lekgolong ya baagi ba setšhaba. Palo ya dikereke tsa Pentecostal e ntse e oketsega mo ngwageng wa masome a mabedi le bongwe . Batho ba ba tsenang kereke ba tsaya karolo mo dithapelong tsa bosigo, mo boefangeleng le mo diphuthegong tsa bodumedi. Ditirelo tsa thuto ya Baebele ya mo gare ga beke di tshwarwa mo dikerekeng dingwe. Mo dikopanong tse, go rapelelwa kereke, maloko, morafe, le baeteledipele mo setšhabeng. Dikereke tsa Botswana di akaretsa Kereke ya Churches in Botswana include Pentecostal Protestant Church, [[:en:Assemblies_of_God|Assemblies of God]], [[:en:Apostolic_Faith_Mission_of_South_Africa|Apostolic Faith Mission]], [[:en:Eloyi_Christian_Church|Eloyi Christian Church]], [[:en:Pentecostal_Holiness_Church|Pentecostal Holiness Church]], [[:en:Dutch_Reformed_Church_in_Botswana|Dutch Reformed Church in Botswana]], Good News Ministries, [[:en:Christ_Embassy|Christ Embassy]], Bible Life Ministries, [[:en:Victory_International_Centre|Victory International Centre]] (VIC), Royal Assembly Ministries Int’l, First Love Church, and Winners chapel international . Kereke ya Orthodox ya Botlhaba le Kereke ya Orthodox ya Serbia <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Sava Serbian Orthodox Church, Gaborone, Botswana |url=https://orthodox-world.org/en/i/27430/botswana/south-east/gaborone/church/st.-sava-serbian-orthodox-church |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823113506/https://orthodox-world.org/en/i/27430/botswana/south-east/gaborone/church/st.-sava-serbian-orthodox-church |archive-date=2023-08-23 |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=World Orthodox Directory |language=en}}</ref> di teng. Bontsi jwa dikereke ke maloko a Lekgotla la Dikereke la Botswana . Dikereke ka tlwaelo di kopana nako le nako go obamela mmogo ka leina la Evangelical Fellowship of Botswana. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> lephata lena le tshwana le mokgatlho wa dikereke mme ke lentswe la kereke. == Ditso == Mongwe wa barongwa ba ntlha go tlisa efangele mo Botswana e ne e le David Livingstone . == Madumedi a magolo == Go ya ka palobatho ya ngwaga wa 2011, masome a bosupa le borobabongwe gotsweng ko lekgolong ya baagi ke maloko a ditlhopha tsa Bokeresete, gantsi e le Ma-Anglican, Ma-Methodist, kgotsa maloko a Kereke ya Phuthego e e Kopaneng ya Aforikaborwa . === Kereke ya Katoliki === Kereke ya Katoliki mo Botswana ke karolo ya Kereke ya Katoliki ya lefatshe ka bophara, ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa semowa jwa ga Mopapa kwa Vatican City . ka palo mo kemeding ya baagi Bakatoliki ba palo ya botlhano go ya ko borataro go tswa mo lesomeng <ref name="bishop">{{Cite web |last=Zenit Editorial Staff |date=2011-05-30 |title=Botswana's Bishop Valentine and His Big Heart |url=http://www.zenit.org/en/articles/botswana-s-bishop-valentine-and-his-big-heart |access-date=2013-02-22 |website=[[Zenit News Agency]]}}</ref> Kwa tshimologong barongwa ba Katoliki ba ne ba sa letlelelwe mo Botswana ke merafe ya naga ka go rotloediwa ke barongwa ba Protestant ba ba neng ba goroga pele. <ref name="bishop"/> Barongwa ba ne ba simolola go dira mo Botswana ka 1928, mme ba ne ba itsege ka go tlhoma dikolo le dikokelwana . <ref name="bishop" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2006 kereke kwa [[Francistown]] e ne ya simolola lenaneo la go alafa batshabi ba ba neng ba amiwa ke mogare AIDS ka kalafi ya anti retro viral therapy. <ref name="retro">{{Cite web |last=CNA Editorial Staff |date=2006-06-28 |title=Catholic Church helps refugees with AIDS in Botswana |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/7046/catholic-church-helps-refugees-with-aids-in-botswana |access-date=2013-02-22 |website=Catholic News Agency}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2011 go ne go na le bokopano ba go rutuntsha bo baithuti ba lesome le boraro ba ba neng ba ipaakanyetsa boperesiti mo Botswana. <ref name="bishop" /> Kereke mo Botswana e rulagantswe go nna Diocese ya Gaborone, e e direlang karolo e e kwa borwa jwa lefatshe leno, le Diocese ya Francistown, e e direlang badumedi ba merafe e e kwa bokone. === Kereke ya ga Jesu Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo === Lekalana la ntlha le ne la rulaganngwa ka 1991 le na le maloko a a kwa tlase ga lekgolo. Go tloga ka 2022, go ne go na le maloko a le dikete tse nne le masome a mararo le bongwe mo diphuthegong di le lesome le borataro mo Botswana. <ref name="newsroom">{{Citation|url=https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/botswana|title=Facts and Statistics: Statistics by Country: Botswana|work=Newsroom|publisher=LDS Church}}</ref> === Kereke ya Dutch Reformed === Kereke ya Dutch Reformed mo Botswana e simolotswe ke barongwa ba kwa Switzerland ba eteletswe pele ke Moruti Henri Gronin ba simolotse go dira ka ngwaga wa 1863 mo gare ga morafe wa Bakgatla, [[Kgafela]] kwa [[Saulsport]] le [[Rustenburg]] kwa Aferika Borwa. Ka 1870 karolo ya morafe e ne ya fudugela kwa bokone kwa Botswana mme barongwa ba ba sala morago. Kgosi kgolo e ne ya kolobediwa mme bontsi jwa morafe wa mo sala morago. Ka ngwaga wa 1966 fa lefatshe la Botswana le ipusa, ga tlhamiwa Synod ya kereke ya Reformed. Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 kereke e ne ya bona boipuso. Kereke mo dingwageng tse di latelang e ne ya atologela kwa merafeng ya [[Basarwa]], Bakalanga le Bakgatla . <ref name="reformiert-online1">{{Cite web |last=Johannes a Lasco Library |date= |title=Address data base of Reformed churches and institutions |url=http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=1271&lg=eng |access-date=2013-08-18 |publisher=Reformiert-online.net |archive-date=2014-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810061326/http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=1271&lg=eng |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mokgatlho o na le maloko a le dikete tse thataro le pharishes tse lesome le boraro tse di nang le dikopano tsa matlo di le masome a matlhano mo dipresbiteri tse pedi le Sinoto e le nngwe. Dikereke tse 14 di mo : [[Muchudi]], Muchudi Botlhaba, Muchudi Bophirima, [[Sikwane]], [[Gaborone]], [[Tlokweng]], [[Lobatse]], [[Kgalagadi le dikgaolo tse di mabapi|Kgalagadi]], [[Ghanzi]], [[Maun]], Makaleng, [[Selebi-Phikwe|Selebi Phikwe]], [[Boseja (Mochudi)]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-06 |title=Dutch Reformed Church In Botswana (Synod Office) (Mochudi, Botswana) |url=http://www.localbotswana.com/company/9986/DUTCH_REFORMED_CHURCH_IN_BOTSWANA_SYNOD_OFFICE |access-date=2013-08-18 |publisher=Localbotswana.com}}</ref> Kereke e kwadisa dipolelo tsa Reformed: * Tumelo ya Baaposetolo * Tumelo ya Nicea * Melawana ya Dort * Katekisimo ya Heidelberg . <ref name="reformiert-online1"/> Kereke e ke leloko la Kopano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Dikereke Tse di Fetotsweng . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=World Communion of Reformed Churches - WCRC &#124; Bringing together 80 million Reformed Christians worldwide |url=http://www.wcrc.ch/ |access-date=2013-08-18 |publisher=Wcrc.ch |archive-date=2012-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220060352/http://www.wcrc.ch/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gape ke leloko la Lekgotla la Dikereke la Botswana . Kereke ya Efangele ya Lutere mo Botswana ke kereke ya Efangele ya Lutere . E na le maloko a le 22 000, mme e ntse e le leloko la Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Lutere fa e sale ka 1986. Gape e amana le mokgatlho wa yone wa kgaolo, e leng Mokgatlho wa Lutere mo Aforika Borwa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lutheran World |url=http://www.lutheranworld.org/Directory/afr/EvLuthCchinBotswana-EN.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811223124/http://www.lutheranworld.org/Directory/afr/EvLuthCchinBotswana-EN.html |archive-date=2011-08-11 |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> Tlhogo ya kereke ke Bishopo Mothusi Letlhage. Ke leloko la Lekgotla la Dikereke la Botswana . == Mananeo a banana == Fa bana ba ne ba tshwarwa jaaka bagolo ba bannye ka nako ya batho ba santse ba tshelela mo kgatelelong , dingwaga tsa bo 1800 di ne tsa motswedi wa mananeo a sekolo sa Sontaga le dikolo tsa parochial (Bakatoliki) ka tlhamalalo tsa batho bao ba ba botlana. Kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, go feta sephatlo sa maloko a banana mo Botswana a ne a tsena dikolo tse di botlana tse di tsamaisiwang ke dipharishe tsa selegae. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Ditumelo le maikutlo == * palo ya lesome le borobabongwe go tswa mo lekgolong ya Bakeresete ba Botswana: ba dumela mo pholosong ka [[Jeso Keresete|Jesu Keresete]], ba tsena kereke , ba ithuta Baebele, ba tsisa ditlhabololo mo go setshabeng , ba amogela maemo a boeteledipele jwa kereke, mme ba dumela gore ba tlamega go rerela ba bangwe efangedi * masome a mabedi go tswa mo lekgolong ke Bakeresete ba ba dumeleng ''.ebile'' gape ba ineetse go "amogela Keresete jaaka Mmoloki le Morena" ka go seo ele go tlogela bo bone ba tshela ka semowa go fetisa bodumedi. * palo ya masome a mabedi le bone ke Bakeresete ba Ditirelo '','' bontsi jwa bone e le ba Lutere le ba Roma . Ke batho ba ba tsenang kereke ka nako tsotlhe ,se ele go bontsha tiro e e kwa godimo ya semoya, e bile ba lemoga taolo ya kereke. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> * palo ya lesome le borataro go tswe ko lekgolong ke Bakeresete ba ba ikemetseng ''.'' Ba na le Baebele, mme ga ba e bale. Ke mo e ka nnang nngwetharong fela ba ba tsenang kereke. Ba dumela mo Modimong le mo ditirong tse di molemo, mme e seng mo teng ga bokao jwa kereke. Eno e ne e le karolo e kgolo le e nnye go gaisa. Mo e ka nnang ga go ope yo e leng baeteledipele ba kereke. * Diperesente di le 21 ke Bakeresete ba Setso ''.'' Ba itlhaola e le Bakeresete, lefa go ntse jalo ga ba tseye [[Jeso Keresete|Jesu]] e le yo o botlhokwa mo polokong, ba bontsha maitsholo le maikutlo a bodumedi a a seng kalo a a ratang thutabomodimo ya lefatshe lotlhe . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2b60zn7op06ue3at6k9wk9djmbkt4cw Cecilia Chimbiri 0 14854 54321 53893 2026-08-30T03:02:46Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54321 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cecilia Chimbiri''' ke molweladitshwanelo tsa puso ya batho ka batho gape e bile ke mosireletsi wa ditshwanelo tsa setho wa kwa zimbabwe. O ne a dira jaaka Modulasetilo wa nama o sa tshwere wa Basha wa MDC Alliance. Ke leloko la mokgatlho wa [[Coalition for Change|Citizens Coalition for Change]] o o eteletsweng pele ke [[Nelson Chamisa]]. == Tiro == Ka 2009, Cecillia Chimbiri o ne a dira kwa [[Pusong ya Kopano ya Bosetšhaba]] jaaka Mothusa-Tshedimosetso wa ga Mothusatona Professor [[Arthur Mutambara]] . O ne a tlhomiwa mo Thulaganyong ya go Dira Molaomotheo e e tsamaisiwang ke Komiti ya Palamente ya Molaomotheo (COPAC) jaaka Mmegi go fitlha kwa kgatong ya go kwala Molaomotheo jaaka Mothusi wa Botegeniki. Mo kgatong ya patlo maikutlo ya Molaomotheo wa 2013 e ne e le mokwadi wa di-blog wa Tlhopha Ee ya Molaomotheo o o Tsamaisiwang ke Batho ke (Copac). Cecillia Chimbiri o tlhomilwe go nna Modiredi wa Puisano ya Sepolotiki mo Komiting e e Kopanetsweng ya Tlhokomelo le Tiragatso (JOMIC) kwa Kgaolong ya Legare ya Mashonaland a emetse MDC. JOMIC e ne e le kopano ya makoko a le mantsi ya Zimbabwe e e neng ya thankgololwa la ntlha ka Firikgong a le malatsi a masome a mararo ka 2009, go ya ka tumalano ya 2008 ya go abelana maatla ya Zimbabwe. Cecillia Chimbiri o kwadilwe mo polokelotshedimosetsong ya basadi ya Forum 2000 jaaka leloko la phanele ya baitseanape ba ditshwanelo tsa batho e e latelang boswa jwa ga Tautona wa pele wa Czech Václav Havel le go tshegetsa mekgwa ya puso ya batho ka batho le tlotlo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho, mmogo le go thusa tlhabololo ya setšhaba. Ke moithuti wa nako e e fetileng wa Mokgatlho wa Friedrich Nauman, o o neng wa mo kwala mo lenaaneng la mosireletsi wa ditshwanelo tsa setho.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Defender: Fighting for Freedom and Democracy |url=https://www.freiheit.org/sites/default/files/2021-12/fnf-human-rights-defenders_web-final.pdf |access-date=11 December 2022 |archive-date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924154403/https://www.freiheit.org/sites/default/files/2021-12/fnf-human-rights-defenders_web-final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ke Mothusa Mokwaledi wa Sekolo sa Basadi sa Aforika (kgaolo ya borwa). Ke Mofenyi wa Phetogo mo Mokgatlhong wa Baagi wa Phetogo o o eteletsweng pele ke Tautona Nelson Chamisa mme o sa tswa go tlhomiwa Mokhanselara wa Toropo ya Harare mo karolong ya Basadi ya 30%. == Go thopiwa == == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] dat0i3r85p61q1ukug8qjad1dtxkpt5 Mmala o mosweu 0 14884 54331 54156 2026-08-30T11:46:41Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54331 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:African Cape Daisy (Osteospermum barberiae).jpg|thumb|Mmala o mosweu]] '''Mmala o mo sweu''' ke mmala o mosweu ke mmala o montle , o o kayang dilo dile dintsi dingwe tsa yona ke bophepa, kagiso le tshimologo e ntshwa . Mo setsong sa batswana mmala o mosweu o ka dirisiwa go bontsha kagiso le boitumelo gape o golagangwa le dilo tse di phepha tseo disa chilafadiwang gape bosweu bo tshwantsiwa le pelo e e phuthulogileng e se nang mafuto le dikgopi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.verywellmind.com/color-psychology-white-2795822 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-08-17 |archive-date=2026-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260307143936/https://www.verywellmind.com/color-psychology-white-2795822 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mo meletlong mengwe ya setso, mmala o mosweu o dirisiwa mo diaparong go senola bokao jo bo rileng kana sesupo se se rileng, e ka nna sa tlotlo, botsalano kana kutlwano. Fa go na le tiragalo kana moletlo e e amanang le go dira kagiso kgotsa go kopanya batho, mmala o mosweu o a dirisiwa go bontsha fa batho ba tshwanetse go tshela ka kutlwano le go tlotlana. Fa re tsena fo temeng ya bophepha, gantsi dilo tse sweu di tseiwa fa dile phepha di sa chilafala ka jalo go apara bosweu mo maemong mangwe go bontsha fa motho ale phepha mo mmeleng, mogopolong le semoyeng.<ref>https://nicholaswells.com/blogs/blog/colour-symbolism-white?srsltid=AfmBOoofLesTYx7Mu4RqSZZO_pBRfH84KNX-y0BONlhSeWR9LbVMLL5L</ref> Mo tshimologong ya botshelo e ntsha ya botshelo, mongwe aka dirisa mmala o mosweu jaaka sesupo sa go simolola kgaolo e ntsha ya botshelo a lebale matlhoko le ditiragalo tsa ko morago mo botshelong ba gagwe. Fa re rapella kgotso le tshimologo e ntshwa re dirisa kerese ya mmala o mosweu gape, se se kaya fa mmala o mosweu o nale bokao jo bogolo mo setsong le mo matshelong a batswana.<ref>https://www.thejoyfulartist.co.nz/the-healing-power-and-symbolism-of-white-embrace-the-serenity-and-pure-potentiality/</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{reflist}} 00iu8p0u3xx468nj33ysotqm9tdam7f