Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 7153 54431 26525 2026-09-04T18:30:59Z Skwelea 12487 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371861937|Rain]]" 54431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pula''' kgotsa '''pula ya matlakadibe''' ke mofuta wa pula ya lefaufau e e bopilweng ka marothodi a di-aerosol tsa metsi tse di fufaletsweng go tswa mo moweng wa metsi mo lefaufaung mme di wa ka maatlakgogedi. Go ya ka ka bogale, pula e ka tlhalosiwa jaaka ''phoka'' (pula e e bofefo thata, e e nang ka sewelo), ''shawara'' (pula e khutshwane, e e magareng), ''go thunya ga maru'' (pula e e boketekete e e khutshwane) kgotsa pula ''e e nang'' ka matla (pula e e bokete kgotsa ya "e e nang ka matla " ka nako e telele). Gantsi e tla le diponagalo tse dingwe tsed di farologaneng tsa maemo a bosa jaaka phefo e e maatla (pula ya matlakadibe) le dikgadima (setsuatsue sa matlakadibe), mme gongwe e ka tlhakana le sefako, kapoko (serame) le setsuatsue sa motlhaba (pula ya lerole). Pula ke karolo e kgolo ya modikologo wa metsi mme ke yone e e rwalang maikarabelo a go baya bontsi jwa metsi a a phepa mo Lefatsheng. E tlamela ka metsi a dipolante tsa motlakase wa metsi, nosetso ya dijalo, le maemo a a siametseng mefuta e le mentsi ya ditshedi . 6qppnir5qko67cb3eb1lqiymtx6yd8j 0 8703 54450 32542 2026-09-05T09:42:57Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54450 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Margaret Adebisi''' Sowunmi (née Jadesimi) (o tshotswe ka 24 Lwetse 1939) ke moithutadimela le moithutamarope wa tikologo wa kwa [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Bisi Sowumi|url=https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/|access-date=2023-03-27|website=Yoruba Ko'ya Foundation|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326110555/https://yorubakoyafoundation.org/profile/prof-bisi-sowumi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> E ne e le molhalela dithuto tsa Palynology le Environmental Archaeology kwa [[:en:University_of_Ibadan|Yunibesithing ya Ibadan]]. Ke ene a simolotseng dithuto tsa ditsatlholego sa tikologo le [[:en:Paleoethnobotany|palaeoethnobotany]] kwa Nigeria ebile e le mosimolodi gape e le tautona wa Palynological Association of Nigeria<ref name=":1">Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), "Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi", in Smith, Claire (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology'', Springer New York, pp.&nbsp;6941–6943, [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354 10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354], [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/9781441904652|&nbsp;<bdi>9781441904652</bdi>]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/|title=SOWUNMI, Prof. M. Adebisi (nee Jadesimi)|last=Babah|first=Chinedu|date=2017-03-23|website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|access-date=2019-07-02|archive-date=2021-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819125451/https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sowunmi-prof-m-adebisi-nee-jadesimi/|url-status=dead}}</ref>.<ref name=":1" /> Sowunmi o tsholetswe kwa [[:en:Kano_State|Kano]], kwa bokone jwa Nigeria ka 24 September 1939. Rraagwe e ne e le moruti mo Kerekeng ya Nigeria. O tsene sekolo kwa [[:en:St_Anne's_School,_Ibadan|St Anne's School Ibadan]] a dira dithuto tsa gagwe tse dikgolwane. O ne a ithutela BSc in Special Botany mo lephateng la Botany, kwa University College Ibadan, a aloga ka 1962. O ne a amogela thuso ya madi ya go ikoketsa dithuto morago ga go aloga ka 1963 go dira dipatlisiso tsa Phd mo palynology. Gore a kgone go dira dipatlisiso ka palynology, Sowunmi o ne a ya kwa [[:en:Sweden|Sweden]] go ya go ithuta le [[:en:Gunnar_Erdtman|Gunnar Erdtman]], yo o neng a okametse PhD ya gagwe. O ne a aloga ka dihutego tsa PhD mo thutong ya dimela kwa Yunibesithing ya Ibadan ka 1967.<ref name=":1" /> [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Sowunmi o ne a tlhomiwa go nna motlhatlhobi (research fellow) wa post-doctoral lekaneng la Archaeology kwa [[:en:Institute_of_African_Studies|Institute of African Studies]], University of Ibadan ka 1967. Ka 1971 o ne a simolola Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Sowunmi o ne a tlhomiwa go nna porofesa wa Palynology le Environmental Archaeology ka 1982. Mo tirong ya gagwe yotlhe Sowunmi o ne a na le maemo a a farologaneng a go etela, ka 1997 o ne a le kwa Department of African Archaeology, [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]], mme ka 1998 kwa Institute of Archaeology, [[:en:University_College_London|University College London]] le maphata a African Archaeology le African Archaeobotany kwa yunibesithi ya Johann Wolfang Goethe.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|work=Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo (2014), "Sowunmi, Margaret Adebisi", in Smith, Claire (ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, Springer New York, pp. 6941–6943|language=en}}https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2354</ref> Ka nako ya tiro ya gagwe o ne a okamela baithuti ba le supa ba PhD, mme o itsege ka go nna morutabana yo o tlhotlheletsang/rotloetsang.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-nigerian-archaeologist-investigating-ancient-farming-in-west-africa-3c974be28f06|title=The Nigerian archaeologist investigating ancient farming in West Africa|last=Cambridge|first=University of|date=2017-12-07|website=Medium|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref> Sowunmi o berekile ka dikgang tsa bong mo go tsa thutamarope (archaeology) kwa Nigeria, go akaretsa le go fetola ditlhogo tsa dithuto tse di itebantseng thata le borre.<ref>{{Cite book|pages=359–360}}</ref> Sowunmi e ne e le mosimolodi le tautona wa lekgotla la Palynological la Nigeria, ebile gape e le tautona wa West African Archaeological Association.<ref name=":0"/> Sowunmi o tlogetse tiro ka mabaka a bogodi ka ngwaga wa 2004.<ref name=":0"/> == Dipatlisiso == Dipatlisiso tsa ga Sowunmi tse di atlegileng di balela mo teng ditshekatsheko tsa ntlha tsa dingwaga le tsa bogologolo tsa tshimolodiso ya Gwandu Formation, le ditlhaloso tsa ntlha tsa Eocene pollen tsa [[Ogwashi-Asaba]] Formation, patlisiso ya ntlha ya Late Quaternary ya dimela le tsa tikologo vegetation tsa Nigeria, le itutuntsho ya ntlha ya peo a dithunya o tswa mo go tsa tlholego kwa Nigeria.<ref name=":0"/> == Dietsele == Ka ngwaga wa 2003, Sowunmi o ne a amogela tlotla ya dikirii ya Doctor of Philosophy kwa lephateng la Humanities kwa [https://www.uu.se/en Yunibesithing ya Uppsala] go mo akgolela thuto ya gagwe ya maemo a kwa godimo le dipatlisiso le go nna le seabe sa go ruta mo ditsatlholego tsa tikologo le dijalo.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/traditions/prizes/honorary-doctorates/arts/|title=Honorary Doctors of the Faculty of Arts - Uppsala University, Sweden|last=Piehl|first=Jakob|website=www.uu.se|access-date=2019-07-02}}</ref> == Dikgatiso tse di tlhophilweng == * M.A. Sowunmi, 1972. Popego ya mmudula wa Palmae le go amana ga yone le taxonomy. ''Tshekatsheko ya Palaeobotany le Palynology'' * M.A. Sowunmi, 1973. Dithoro tsa mmudula tsa dimela tsa Nigeria: I. Mefuta ya Woody. ''Grana'' * Go tswa mo bukeng ya ga R.J. du Chêne, M.S. Onyike & M.A. Sowunmi 1978. Mmudula o mosha wa Eocene wa Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, borwa-botlhaba jwa Nigeria. ''Revista Española de Micropaleontología'' 10(2), ts. 285-322. * M.A. Sowunmi, 1981. Dikarolo tsa Diphetogo tsa Dimela tsa Late Quaternary kwa Afrika Bophirima. ''Journal of Biogeography'' 8: 457-474. * M.A. Sowunmi, 1985. Tshimologo ya temothuo mo Afrika Bophirima: bosupi jwa dimela. ''Anthropology ya Gone Jaanong'' * [Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 9] Dithoro tsa mmudula tsa dimela tsa Nigeria: II. Mefuta ya Woody. ''Grana'' 34: 120-141. * M.A. Sowunmi,1998. Archaeology ya ikholoji kwa Africa Bophirima : seemo sa thuto mo ANDAH (B.W.) et al., Afrika: kgwetlho ya thutamarope. Ibadan, Heinemann Educational Books, ts. 65-100 * M.A. Sowunmi,1998. Beyond academic archaeology in Africa: The human dimension. ''Tshekatsheko ya thutamarope ya Afrika'' == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Ba ba tshotsweng ka 1939]] dnj2ddokuzp7zaqhoeb3pl4oghr3ebn 0 10360 54439 54015 2026-09-05T00:16:00Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54439 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna "Kakurukaze" Mungunda''' (1932–10 Sedimonthole 1959) e ne e le mosadi wa Namibia wa lotso lwa [[:en:Herero_people|Baherero]]. E ne e le ene fela mosadi mo gare ga batho ba ba neng ba bolawa ka nako tsa mogwanto wa [[:en:Old_Location|Old Location]] kwa [[:en:Windhoek|Windhoek]] ka Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome 1959. Fa e sa le Namibia e bona boipuso ka Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le bongwe 1990, Mungunda o tsewa e le mongwe wa bagaka ba setšhaba sa Namibia.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090227183817/http://namibia-1on1.com/a-central/namibiaheroes.html "Namibia Heroes and Heroines"]. namibia-1on1.com. Archived from [https://www.namibia-1on1.com/lander the original] on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250226150702/https://dailytrust.com/germany-berlin-to-scrap-street-names-glorying-colonial-past/ "GERMANY: Berlin to scrap street names glorying colonial past - Daily Trust"]. ''dailytrust.com/''. 13 April 2018. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref> Mungunda o tshotswe ka 1932 ke [[:en:Migrant_worker|modiri yo neng a fudugile]] wa Theopoldt Shivute le Emilia Kavezeri, setlogolo sa ga [[:en:Hosea_Kutako|Hosea Kutako]]. O ne a na le bana ba bararo ba botlhe ba neng ba tlhokafala ba sa ntse ba le masea.<ref>Simasiku, Regina (24 April 2015). "The Woman from nowhere: Anna Mungunda (1932–1959)". ''[[:en:New_Era_(Namibia)|New Era]]''. Celebrating Our Heroes And Heroines. p. 7.</ref> Metswedi ga e dumalane ka se se diragetseng ka Mungunda, yo o neng a thapilwe jaaka modiri wa mo gae, ka letsatsi la kgoberego ya Old Location. Go begwa gore go thuntshiwa ga morwawe yo o esi,<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090216142953/http://namibia-1on1.com/a-central/human-rightsday.html "International Human Rights Day"]. namibia-1on1.com. Archived from [https://www.godaddy.com/en-ph/domainsearch/find?key=parkweb&utm_source=godaddy&utm_medium=parkedpages&utm_campaign=x_dom-broker_parkedpages_x_x_invest_001&tmskey=dpp_dbs&domainToCheck=namibia-1on1.com&isc=GPPTCOM&itc=parkedpage_landers&redirect=true the original] on 16 February 2009. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref> Kaaronda Mungunda,<ref name=":2">[[:en:Nahas_Angula|Angula, Nahas]] (10 December 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121129153207/http://209.88.21.36/opencms/opencms/grnnet/OPM/Archives/media/speeches/2009_speeches/modules/news/news_0054.html?uri=/grnnet/OPM/Archives/media/speeches/2009_speeches/index.html "Old location massacre: the spark that ignited the struggle for national independence"]. ''Speeches of the Prime Minister''. Government of Namibia. Archived from [http://209.88.21.36/opencms/opencms/grnnet/OPM/Archives/media/speeches/2009_speeches/modules/news/news_0054.html?uri=/grnnet/OPM/Archives/media/speeches/2009_speeches/index.html the original] on 29 November 2012.</ref> go ne ga mo galefisa thata mo a neng a tabogela kwa koloing ya motsamaisi mongwe wa maemo a a kwa godimo, a e tshela leokwane, mme a e tshuba. Koloi e ne e le ya ga [[:en:List_of_mayors_of_Windhoek|ratoropo]] [[Jaap Snyman]] kgotsa ya ga Mookamedi wa Sepodisi sa Lefelo la Bogologolo de Wet.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Dierks, Klaus. [https://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_S.htm "Biographies of Namibian Personalities, S (entry for Snyman, Jacobus van Deventer)"]. www.klausdierks.com. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref> Dikoloi tseo ka bobedi di ne tsa tshubiwa ka nako ya pontsho.<ref name=":2" /> O ne a thuntshiwa ka nako ya tiro eno kgotsa ka bonako fela morago ga yone.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Tjingaete, Rukee (28 February 1995). [http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/37/007.html <nowiki>"Guerilla [sic] Movements' influence on the growth of the new Social Movements in the Periphery: a study of the SWAPO women"</nowiki>]. ''Namnet Digest''. '''95''' (11). via Hartfort Web Publishing.</ref> Anna Mungunda ke mongwe wa bagaka ba bosetšhaba ba le borobabongwe ba Namibia ba ba supilweng kwa tshimololong ya [[:en:Heroes'_Acre_(Namibia)|Acre ya Bagaka]] ya lefatshe le gaufi le Windhoek. Tautona yo o simolotseng [[:en:Sam_Nujoma|Sam Nujoma]] o ne a tshwaela mo puong ya gagwe ya go tlhongwa ka 26 Phatwe e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le borataro 2002 gore: Ka letsatsi leo le le botlhoko [la go tsuologa ga Old Location], go ne ga bolawa badiraditshupetso ba le masome a mabedi le bobedi ba ba neng ba na le kagiso mme ba bangwe ba ba fetang masome a matlhano ba ne ba gobala. Fa ba lebane le bosetlhogo jo, lekgarebe le le pelokgale le le sa boifeng le le bidiwang Kakurukaze Mungunda le ne la supa bopelokgale le bogale jwa lone ka go tshuba koloi ya ga De Wet yo e neng e le mookamedi wa Lefelo la Bogologolo la Windhoek. O ne a thuntshiwa gone foo mme a Bolawa ka tsela e e setlhogo ke mapodisi a Aforika Borwa a a gatelelang tlhaolele. Mowa wa gagwe wa phetogo le segopotso sa gagwe ya ponelopele re mo tlotla ka boikokobetso.<ref name=":3">[[:en:Sam_Nujoma|Nujoma, Sam]] (26 August 2002). [https://www.namibia-1on1.com/lander "Heroes' Acre Namibia Opening Ceremony – inaugural speech".] via namibia-1on1.com.</ref> Mungunda o tlotliwa ka tsela ya letlapa la lebitla la granite le le nang le leina la gawe le le gabilweng leina le gagwe le setshwantsho sa gagwe mo letlapeng.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Melber, Henning (7 December 2023). [https://theconversation.com/apartheid-in-namibia-why-human-rights-and-women-are-celebrated-on-the-same-day-219342 "Apartheid in Namibia: why human rights and women are celebrated on the same day"]. ''The Conversation''. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref> Ka 2024, toropo ya Berlin e ne ya fetola leina la karolo ya Petersallee mo Afrikanishes Viertel Anna-Mugunda-Alleee.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250226150702/https://www.rbb24.de/panorama/beitrag/2024/08/berlin-wedding-carl-peters-maji-anna-mungunda-afrikanisches-viertel-kolonialismus.html "Petersallee heißt nun Anna-Mungunda-Allee"]. ''[[:en:Tagesschau_(German_TV_programme)|tagesschau]]''. 23 August 2024. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref> == Metswedi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Anna Mungunbatho da}} [[Karolo:Mafatshe a Aforika]] [[Karolo:Dintsho tsa 1932]] [[Karolo:Dintsho tsa 1959]] [[Karolo:Batho ba Baherero]] [[Karolo:Balweladitshwanelo ba Aforika Borwa Bophirima ba ba kgatlhanong le tlhaolele]] [[Karolo:Bagaka ba bosetšhaba ba Namibia]] [[Karolo:Dintsho tsa tlhobolo kwa Namibia]] [[Karolo:Badiri ba mo gae ba Namibia]] [[Karolo:Batho ba Namibia ba lekgolo la bomasome a mabedi la dingwaga]] [[Karolo:Basadi ba Namibia ba ba lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi]] [[Karolo:Bomme ba Namibia]] 0ug6ua32miaq3cunqu774x8ze9gj5sx 0 11317 54445 43703 2026-09-05T05:12:02Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54445 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fransina Ndateelela Kahungu''' (o o tshotsweng ka 1970) ke mopolotiki wa kwa [[Namibia]] o o berekang e le mokhanselara wa toropo ya [[Windhoek]]. Pele o berekile e le mothusa ratoropo wa Windhoek ka 2016 le 2017 le e le ratoropo wa Windhoek ka 2019 go tsena 2020. Kahungu o nnile leloko la khansele ya basadi ya [[SWAPO]], e le mokwaledi ka 2022. == Botshelo jwa gagwe a le mmotlana le thuto == Kahungu o tswa kwa motseng wa Okapanda. O ne a fudugela kwa Windhoek ka 1994 a dira dithuto tsa diploma tsa thuto kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithuteloditiro sa [[University of Namibia]]. Fa a le moithuti kwa Ombalantu Secondary, Kahungu o ne a nna le seabe mo polotiking e le leloko la [[mokgatlho wa baithuti ba Namibia]]. Go tswa ka 1998 go tsena 2017m Kahungu o ne a bereka e le morutabana, a tloga a nna motsamaisi wa sekolo se sebotlana sa Olof Palme, se se kwa Windhoek kwa go nnang batho ba ba ipeileng fela kwa [[Greenwell Matongo]].<ref name=":0">Ikela, Selma (18 December 2019). [https://neweralive.na/fransina-kahungu-from-classroom-to-mayor/ "Fransina Kahungu: From classroom to mayor"]. ''New Era Live''. Retrieved 14 October 2025</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe ya sepolotiki == Kahungu o ne a tlhophiwa pele e le leloko la khansele ya Windhoek ka 2010 a nna mothusa mokwaledi wa SPWC ka 2016. Fa a le mo khanseleng ya toropo, o ne a bereka e le mothusa ratoropo wa Windhoek ka 2016 le 2017.<ref name=":0" /> O nea tlhophiwa go nna ratoropo wa toropo eo ka Morule a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa 2019, morago ga ratoropo wa nako eo Muesee Kazapua a seo a le kwa ditlhophong tsa bo mmasepala.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191216105945/https://www.nbc.na/news/fransina-kahungu-elected-mayor-windhoek.27428 "Fransina Kahungu elected Mayor of Windhoek".] [[:en:Namibian_Broadcasting_Corporation|Namibian Broadcasting Corporation]]. 13 December 2019. Archived from [https://nbc.na/news/fransina-kahungu-elected-mayor-windhoek.27428 the original] on 16 December 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.namibian.com.na/196344/archive-read/Kazapua-is-no-show-at-Windhoek-elections "Kazapua is no show at Windhoek elections"]. ''The Namibian''. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2025.</ref> Go ya ka pego ya pampiri ya dikgang ya Namibia Press Agency, Kazapua le mmueledi wa toropo Harold Akwenye ba ne ba supa fa boeteledipele jwa toropo bo sa fetoga, le gore Kazapua e santse e le ratoropo wa toropokgolo. Agatha Ashilelo, modulasetilo wa komiti ya toropokgolo Windhoek, o ne a supa gore Kahungu o emeletse Kazapua ele ratoropo go ya ka tshwetso e e tserweng ke komiti ya kgaolo ya SWAPO.<ref>[https://www.thefreelibrary.com/City+of+Windhoek+has+rubbished+reports+that+Windhoek+Mayor%2c+has+been...-a0608386884 "City of Windhoek has rubbished reports that Windhoek Mayor, has been booted out of his mayoral post"]. Windhoek: [[:en:Namibia_Press_Agency|Namibia Press Agency.]] 11 December 2019 – via The Free Library.</ref> Ka Firikgong 2020, pampiri ya dikgang ya [[Namibia Economist]] le Namibia Broadcasting Corporation ba ne ba bega fa ofisi ya ga ratoropo e boletse fa e fudugela kwa lefelongle le kwa Babylon, fa ofisi ya ga mothusa ratoropo e ne e tlaa sala kwa lefelong la pele. Thulaganyo e e ne e tlaa nna go fitlhelela nako ya ga Kahungu a le ratoropo e fela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200122164852/https://www.nbc.na/news/windhoek-mayor-relocates-office-babylon.27987 "Windhoek Mayor relocates office to Babylon"]. Namibian Broadcasting Corporation. 21 January 2020. Archived from the original on 22 January 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2025.</ref><ref>Rasmeni, Mandisa (21 January 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200122013639/https://economist.com.na/50191/extra/windhoek-mayor-moves-her-office-to-babylon/ "Windhoek Mayor moves her office to Babylon".] ''Namibia Economist''. Retrieved 14 October 2025</ref> Ka Morule a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2020, [[Job Amupanda]] o ne a tlhophiwa go nna ratoropo morago ga gore ba kganetso ba mo tlhophe.<ref>[https://www.namibian.com.na/206709/archive-read/progressive-forces-will-take-charge-of-windhoek-%E2%80%93-amupanda "Progressive forces will take charge of Windhoek – Amupanda"]. ''The Namibian''. 27 November 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2025</ref><ref>Tjitemisa, Kuzeeko (3 December 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210114060620/https://neweralive.na/posts/jobs-mayoral-dream-comes-true "Job's mayoral dream comes true"]. ''New Era Live''. Retrieved 14 October 2025.</ref> Kahungu o ne a tlhatlhama Eunice Iipinge go nna mokwaledi wa khansele ya bomme ya SWAPO ka Tlhakoel 2022.<ref>Muronga, Petrus. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220514134358/https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=6218335 "Kahungu elected as SPWC leader"]. ''The Namibian''. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2025.</ref> == Metswedi == f1i7ncylp66yh238u0zyx0m6f7j5wjc 0 11349 54444 43418 2026-09-05T04:40:36Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Erold Naomab|office=Mothusa mogokgo wa [[Namibia University of Science and Technology]]|predecessor=[[Tjama Tjivikua]]|term_start=Firikgong a rogwa ngwaga wa 2021|birth_date=1977 Moranang a le malatsi a mabedi|birth_place=[[Omaruru]], kwa [[Erongo]], [[Namibia]]|residence=Windhoek|alma_mater=[[University of Namibia]] [[Nottingham Trent University]]}} '''Erold Naomab''' (o o tshotsweng ka Moranang a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 1977) ke morutegi wa kwa [[Namibia]]. E ne e le mothusa mogokgo wa sekolo sa [[Namibia University of Science and Technology]] (NUST) go tswa ka 2021 go tsena 2025. == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Naomab o tshotswe ka Moranang a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 1977. O goletse kwa [[Omaruru]] kwa kgaolong ya [[Erongo]] ya Namibia. O tsene dikolo kwa Omaruru, [[Okombahe]] le [[Otjiwarongo]]. Morago ga go bereka ka nakwana kwa komponeng ya bogakolodi, Naomab o ne a simolla dithuto tse dikgolwane tsa ithutelo ditiro kwa [[University of Namibia]], a aloga ka Bachelor le Master of Science. O ne a ya go tsena sekolo kwa [[Nottingham Trent University]] kwa [[England]] a aloga ka masters mo go tsa tlhokomelo ditlamelo ga mmogo le PhD ya maranyane.<ref>Siririka, Paheja (26 February 2021). [https://neweralive.na/on-the-spot-nust-is-a-reputable-brand-naomab/ "On the spot - NUST is a reputable brand – Naomab"]. ''New Era''.</ref> == Tsa pereko == Naomab o berekile kwa University of Namibia kwa borwa kwa [[Keetmanshoop]] kwa a neng a tlhatloga maemo go nna mothusa mogokgo, e le maemo a a kwa godimo mo sekolong seo.<ref>Tjitemisa, Kuzeeko (16 November 2020). [https://neweralive.na/on-the-spot-nust-is-a-reputable-brand-naomab/ "Confusion reigns over Nust VC appointment"]. ''New Era''.</ref> Ka Firikgong 2021 o ne a thapiwa go nna mothusa mogokdo wa Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), a tlhatlhama mogokgo wa pele [[Tjama Tjivikua]], le [[Andrew Niikondo]] o a neng a tshwareletse maemo ao.<ref>Movirongo, Clifton (2 February 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231212113943/https://economist.com.na/58905/human-resources/dr-naomab-officially-installed-as-nust-second-vice-chancellor/ "Dr Naomab officially installed as NUST second Vice-Chancellor".] [[Namibia Economist|''Namibia Economist''.]]</ref><ref>Cloete, Luqman (2 February 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20211008105446/https://www.namibian.com.na/208325/archive-read/Naomab-installed-as-Nust-boss "Naomab installed as Nust boss"]. ''The Namibian''. Archived from [https://www.namibian.com.na/208325/archive-read/Naomab-installed-as-Nust-boss the original] on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2025</ref> Ka Phalane 2025, Naomab o ne a seegelwa kwa thoko mo maemong a gagwe kwa NUS, ka magatwe a go tlhoka go okamela sentle, dikgwedi di le pedi pele ga konteraka ya gagwe e fela.<ref>Shihepo, Timo (2025-10-08). [https://www.namibian.com.na/nust-suspends-vice-chancellor/ "Nust suspends vice chancellor".] ''The Namibian''. Retrieved 2025-10-17</ref> Ka Lwetse 2024, Naomab o ne a thapilwe go nna modulasetilo wa lekgotla la dikolo tsa ithutelo ditiro mo Aforika tsa borwa jwa Aforika (AAU SARO).<ref>[https://economist.com.na/91037/education/nust-vice-chancellor-joins-association-of-african-universities-of-southern-africa/ "NUST Vice Chancellor joins Association of African Universities of Southern Africa".] ''Namibia Economist''. 9 September 2024.</ref> == Metswedi == 9o96iashah3lk4fyiq3tj5oginbpero 0 11352 54438 43421 2026-09-05T00:10:22Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54438 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew Niikondo''' (o o tshotsweng ka Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 1962) ke morutegi wa kwa [[Namibia]]. Ke mothusa mogokgo wa tsa thuto kwa [[Namibia University of Science and Technology]], gape ke modulasetilo wa [[SWAPO]]. == Thuto le botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Niikondo o tshotswe ka Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 1962 kwa Onantsi gaufi le Ondangwa kwa [[Ovamboland]], kwa gompieno e leng kgaolo ya [[Oshana]] ya Namibia. O ne a tswa mo sekolong a le dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa gore a nne leloko la [[People's Liberation Army of Namibia]] (PLAN). O ne a tshabela kwa [[Angola]] a katisiwa kwa [[Lubango]].<ref>Rasmeni, Mandisa (4 December 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231212120819/https://economist.com.na/40450/extra/living-life-like-a-ghost-during-the-liberation-struggle/ "Living Life Like a Ghost During the Liberation Struggle".] ''Namibia Economist''.</ref> O ne a nna lesole la marumo ka fa tlase ga PLAN mo taolong ya ga [[Epaphras Denga Ndaitwah]] a boela Namibia morago ga dingwaga di le lesome. == Metswedi == qaf375ryuy8f58oqckyv9ymrttszprm 0 11516 54449 51791 2026-09-05T07:58:00Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54449 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lavinia Kapewasha''' ke morulaganyi, motlhami, mokwadi le modiragatsi wa kwa Namibia.<ref>Mandisa Rasmeni (9 August 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230626000228/https://economist.com.na/72548/after-hours/cinemaverse-to-screen-two-local-films-iitandu-and-invisibles/ "Cinemaverse to screen two local films 'itandu' and invisibles".] ''economist.com.na''. Retrieved 2025-10-23</ref> Ke morulaganyi wa moletlo wa kwa [[Windhoek]] wa Otjomuise<ref>Charene Labuschagne (January 2024). "10 minutes with local tastemakers". ''FlyNamibia'' (No. 26 ed.). Windhoek, Namibia: Venture Publications. p. 15.</ref> le morulaganyi wa setshwantsho sa 2023 sa ''The Goal''.<ref>wrap online. [https://www.namibian.com.na/the-goal-premieres-as-a-triumph-of-dreams-and-diversity/ "'The Goal' premieres as a triumph of dreams and diversity".] ''Namibian.com.na''. Retrieved 2025-10-24.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe le thuto == Jaaka gofejane wa moemedi wa kwa mafatsheng [[Marten Kapewasha]], Lavinia Tukuhole Kapewasha o ntse kwa [[India]], [[Aforika Borwa]] le [[Russia]] e le ngwana. Ka 2015 o ne a aloga ka dithuto tsa bodiragatsi go tswa kwa East 15 Acting School, kwa Essex, UK.<ref>The Namibian (9 April 2020). "[https://www.namibian.com.na/the-eloquent-leading-lady/ The eloquent leading lady".] ''Namibian.com''. Retrieved 2025-10-24</ref><ref>[https://www.east15.ac.uk/alumni/2015 "Our class of 2015"]. ''east15.ac.uk''. Retrieved 2025-10-24</ref> O ntse a le kwa Windhoek, Namibia fa e sale ka 2016.<ref>The Namibian (9 April 2020). "[https://www.namibian.com.na/the-eloquent-leading-lady/ The eloquent leading lady".] ''Namibian.com''. Retrieved 2025-10-24</ref> == Pereko == Kapewasha o tlhamile kompone ya bodiragatsi ya Dark Brown Productions le Jenny Kadenge.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251013204131/https://mlasa.com/actors/livinia-kapewasha/ "Lavinia Kapewasha".] ''MLA''. Retrieved 2025-10-24</ref> Ke morulaganyi kwa National Theatre of Namibia.<ref>[https://www.ntn.org.na/about/meet-the-team/ "Meet the team".] ''National Theatre of Namibia''. Retrieved 2025-10-24.</ref><ref><--Not stated-->. [https://www.goethe.de/en/kul/foe/int/ikf/bis/afr/reh.html "Rehearsing Mwange/Becker".] ''Goethe.de''. Retrieved 2025-10-24</ref> Jaaka mokwadi, o rotloediwa ke bakwadi ba ba kgonang go rulaganya, ba akaretsa Donald Glover, Rungano Nyoni le Wanuri Kahiu.<ref>The Namibian (15 March 2019). [https://www.namibian.com.na/kapewasha-writes-directs-and-stars-in-upcoming-iitandu/ "Kapewasha writes, directs and stars in upcoming 'litandu'".] ''Namibian.com''. Retrieved 2025-10-24</ref> === Morulaganyi wa ditshwantsho === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Setlhogo !Seabe !Motswedi |- |2019 |Iitandu |Mokwadi, morulaganyi, modiragatsi |<ref>Donald Matthys (27 May 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240805124413/https://www.namibinsider.com.na/index.php/2019/05/27/lavinia-kapewasha-unveils-post-apocalyptic-short-film-iitandu/ "Lavinia Kapewasha's post-apocalyptic short film: litandu"]. ''namibinsider.com.na''. Archived from the original on 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2025-10-24</ref> |- |2022 |Hers, Yours, Mine | rowspan="2" |Morulaganyi |<ref>Strauss Lunyangwe (15 November 2019). [https://neweralive.na/untitled-celebrates-unsung-artists/ "'Untitled' celebrates unsung artists".] ''neweralive.na''. Retrieved 2025-10-24</ref> |- |2023 |The Goal |<ref><--Not stated-->. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240721232327/https://svaff.org/movies/grootman/ "Grootman"]. ''svaff.org''. Archived from the original on 2024-07-21. Retrieved 2025-10-24</ref> |} === Modiragatsi === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Setlhogo !Morulaganyi !Motswedi |- |2015 |Moxie |Philip James McGoldrick | |- |2016 |The Slow Knife |Fernando Lazzari |<ref>Fernando Lazzari. [https://www.behance.net/gallery/33446031/Reid-Willis-The-Slow-Knife "The Slow Knife"]. ''behance.net''. Retrieved 2025-10-24</ref> |- |2017 |Silly Wits |Improvisiona Sketch Comedy | |} == Metswedi == 62vhwg9caorjr9u9jtlav3rnissn7bl 0 11596 54447 44752 2026-09-05T05:42:53Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Gloria Afua Akuffo|office=Moatlhodi mogolo wa masome mabedi le bone wa Ghana le tona wa tshiamiso|term_start=Firikgong a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2017|term_end=Firikgong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2021|president=[[Nana Akufo-Addo]]|predecessor=[[Marietta Bre Appiah-Oppong]]|successor=[[Godfery Yeboah Dame]]|birth_date=Morule a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa 1952|birth_place=[[Accra]] [[Ghana]]|alma_mater=[[University of Ghana]]|profession=Mmueledi}} '''Gloria Akuffo''' (o o tshotsweng ka Morule a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa 1954) ke mmueledi le mopolotiki wa kwa [[Ghana]] o o berekileng e le mma melao mogolo le tona wa tshiamiso go tswa ka 2017 go fitlhelela 2021.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220320031402/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/miss-gloria-akuffo/ "Miss Gloria Akuffo | University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office".] ''University of Ghana''. Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref><ref name=":1">[https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/person/Gloria-Akuffo-3376 "Gloria Akuffo, Biography".] ''Mobile Ghanaweb''. Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref><ref>[https://thefourthestategh.com/2021/05/the-word-corruption-missing-in-two-state-of-nation-addresses-first-time-in-13-years/ "The word 'corruption' missing in Akufo-Addo's State of Nation Address".] ''The Fourth Estate''. 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref> O berekile gape e le mothusa ramelao mogolo le tona wa difofane mo pusong ya ga [[John Kuffor.]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191017101756/https://www.glitzafrica.com/glitz-top-100-inspirational-women/ "Glitz top 100 inspirational women – Page 100 – Glitz Africa Magazine"]. Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe le thuto == O tshotswe ka Morule a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa 1954 kwa [[Accra]], a tlholega kwa [[Akropong-Akuapem]] kwa kgaolong e e kwa botlhaba le [[Shai Osudoku]] kwa kgaolong ya Accra e tona. Gloria Akuffo o alogile kwa [[University of Ghana]] ka 1979 ka B.A ya molao le polotiki. O ne a nna mmueledi wa kgotlatshekelo ya Ghana, a lemogiwa kwa [[Ghana Bar Association]] ka 1982.<ref name=":0" /> == Tsa pereko == E ne e le motlhami wa kompone e e ikemetseng ya molao ya Owusu-Yeboa, Akuffo & Associates kwa Accra.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100618053817/http://www.africaleadership.net/fellows/ghana.htm Africa Leadership Initiative: List of Fellows] Archived 2010-04-15 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Ke moeteledipele wa ditsheko kwa Blay and Associates.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220320031402/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/miss-gloria-akuffo/ "Miss Gloria Akuffo | University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office".] ''University of Ghana''. Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref> O ne a tlhomiwa mma melaomogolo le tona wa tshiamiso ke tautona Nana Akufo Addo fa a nna tautona ka 2017.<ref>Boateng, Kojo Akoto (2017-01-10). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20250222084212/https://citifmonline.com/2017/01/gloria-akuffo-nominated-as-attorney-general/ Gloria Akuffo nominated as Attorney General".] ''Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always''. Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref> Fa a le moatlhodi mogolo, Akufo o nea emetse Ghana ka nako ya kgotlhang ya molelwane le [[Ivory Coast]] kwa International Tribunal for Law of the Sea (ITLOS). Tsheko e e ne e tsamaile dingwaga di le dintsi le dipuso ka go farologana. Akufo le o a neng a mo tlhatlhama, Marita Brew Appiah Oppong ba ne ba sireletsa dikgatlhego tsa Ghana ka Lwetse 2017, ITLOS e ne ya dumalana le Ghana, e supa fa Ghana e sa tlola molelwane wa lewatle mo go batleng lookwane.<ref>Mizner, Andrew. [https://www.africanlawbusiness.com/news/7715-ghana-retains-offshore-oil-fields-following-arbitration-ruling-on-ivory-coast-border/ "Ghana retains offshore oil fields following arbitration ruling on Ivory Coast border"]. ''ALB Legal and Business Issues from Africa''. Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref> Go ya ka katlholo ya kgotlatshekelo, molelwane o mošha o ne o tlaa feta kwa bophirima jwa ditshimong tsa lookwane le gase tsaTweneboa, Enyenra le Ntomme. Katlholo e e ne ya bolokela lefatshe la Ghana di dolara tsa America di ka nna dibilione di le masome a mane le borobabongwe.<ref>[https://www.modernghana.com/news/805592/itlos-judgement-saves-ghana-49bn.html "ITLOS Judgement Saves Ghana $49bn".]</ref> Ka Mopitlo 2023, Nana Akufo-Addo o ne a fa setlhopha sa babueledi ba akaretsa gloria Akufo tlotla go bo ba sireleditse tshwetso e e siametseng Ghana mo ngangisanong ya bone le lefatshe la Ivory Coast. Go thapiwa ga ga Akufo e le moatlhodi mogolo le tona wa tshiamiso go ne ga seka ga ntšhafadiwa le Akufo-Addo fa a sena go boela mo setilong sa botautona la bobedi ka 2020. O ne a tlhatlhamiwa ke mothusi wa gagwe, Godfrey Yeboah Dame, ka 2021.<ref>Online, Neat FM 100 9, neat FM. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240903112050/https://neatfm.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/202101/437661.php "Godfred Dame Is A Great Choice As Attorney General - Foh-Amoaning".] ''neatfm.peacefmonline.com''. Retrieved 2025-10-7</ref> == Sepolotiki == Ke leloko la phathi ya [[New Patriotic Party.]] Go tswa ka 2001 go tsena 2005, Akuffo e ne e le mothusa tona wa tshiamiso le mothusa moatlhodi mogolo, e le mosadi wa ntlha go nna mo maemong ao. Go tswa ka 2005 go tsena 2006, Akuffo e ne e le mothusa tona wa kgaolo ya Accra ka bophara. Akuffo o berekile e le tona wa ntlha wa difofane go tswa ka 2006 go tsena Phukwi 2008. O ne a tlhomiwa moemedi wa Ghana kwa [[Ireland]] ka Phukwi 2008.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121021235848/http://www.blayandassociates.com/en/ "Archived copy"]. Archived from the original on 2012-10-21. Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref> E ne e le mmueledi mogolo mo kgotlhang ya 2013 ya ditlhopho kwa kgotlatshekelong e tona kwa Ghana.<ref name=":1" /> == Kopo ya ditlhopho ya 2012 == Gloria e ne e le leloko la tlhwatlhwa mo setlhopheng sa molao sa New Patriotic Party ka nako ya kopo ya ditlhopho ya 2012 le Philip Addison e le ene a eteletseng pele.<ref>Online, Peace FM. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190916195504/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201305/163487.php "Gloria Akuffo: Tsatsu Was My Lecturer But He Is Not Showing Good Ethics In Court".] Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref> == Metswedi == f7lbd01yeqbuh6vvcjpuggqmcdkf0h0 0 11602 54436 44108 2026-09-04T23:37:48Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abena B Brigidi (Mrs)''' ke mokwadi wa moelatlhoko dipeeletso le sebui. Ke moelatlhoko madi o o nang le setlankana, gape a berekile thata mo bankeng le mo mohameng wa madi dingwaga di feta lesome.<ref>WomanRising. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190423141435/https://womanrising.org/2018/08/12/abena-b-brigidi-mrs-founding-partner-ceo-nimed-capital-limited/ "Abena B. Brigidi (Mrs.) – Founding Partner & CEO, Nimed Capital Limited – WomanRising"]. Archived from the original on 2019-04-23. Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref> Ke moeteledipele wa Nimed Capital Limited, kompone e e di gogang kwa pele mo dipeeletsong tsa dibanka kwa Accra,[[Ghana]].<ref name=":0">[https://www.abenabrigidi.com/about-abena/ "About Abena".] ''Abena Brigidi''. 2017-02-20. Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Brigidi o tsene sekolo kwa Achimota le Aburi. O na le degree ya Humanities go tswa kwa [[University of Ghana l]]<nowiki/>e Masters of Business Admin kwa [[University of East London]]. O tsena kereke kwa Assemblies of God.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[https://www.amazonswatchmagazine.com/exclusive-qa/abena-brigidi-a-commitment-to-exceeding-expectations-and-working-extra-hard/ "ABENA BRIGIDI: A commitment to Exceeding Expectations and Working Extra Hard – Amazons Watch magazine".] 24 February 2017. Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref> == Tsa Pereko == Brigidi o bereketse banka ya kwa United Kingdom ya Halifax PLC. O ne a bereka gape kwa [[Zenith Bank]] e le mogakolodi wa bareki, le mookamedi wa bareki kwa Ghana. O ne a tswa kwa Zenith Bank a ya All Time Capital, banka ya dipeeletso kwa Accra, e le mothusa tautona wa dithekiso, tiro ya gagwe e le go rekisa le go tlhabolola.<ref name=":1" /> Morago ga dingwaga tse pedi le All Time Capital o ne a ya go bereka kwa Kariela Oil le Gas Ghana ka Firikgong 2010 le Phatwe 2014, kwa a feditseng dingwaga di le nne mo maemong a moeteledipele wa tsa madi.<ref>[http://www.abenabrigidi.com/about-abena/ "About Abena | Abena Brigidi".] ''www.abenabrigidi.com''. Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref> Brigidi e ne e le moeteledipele wa Nimed Capital Limited, kompone ya banka ya dipeeletso.<ref>[https://www.amazonswatchmagazine.com/exclusive-qa/abena-brigidi-a-commitment-to-exceeding-expectations-and-working-extra-hard/ "ABENA BRIGIDI: A commitment to Exceeding Expectations and Working Extra Hard – Amazons Watch magazine"]. 24 February 2017. Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191017101756/https://www.glitzafrica.com/glitz-top-100-inspirational-women/ "Glitz top 100 inspirational women – Page 100 – Glitz Africa Magazine".] Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Abena o nyetswe ke mmueledi wa molao David Cobbina Brigidi, bobedi boo bo segofaditswe kwa mawelana.<ref>[https://www.abenabrigidi.com/about-abena/ "About Abena".] ''Abena Brigidi''. 2017-02-20. Retrieved 2025-10-27</ref> == Metswedi == l8nbszjp4csivmj8favhipzqe2phwxh 0 11635 54437 45475 2026-09-05T00:09:18Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Ambrose Dery|office=Tona wa mo gae (Ghana)|term_start=Firikgong 2017|term_end=Tlhakole a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 2024|president=[[Nana Akufo-Addo]]|predecessor=[[Prosper Douglas Bani]]|successor=[[Henry Quartey]]|office2=Leloko la palamente ya Ghana mo kgaolong ya botlhophi ya Nandom|term_start2=2016|president2=[[Nana Akufo-Addo]]|birth_date=Phatwe a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa 1956|children=A le mongwe|nationality=Ghanian|alma_mater=University of Ghana|image=DERY AMBROSE.jpg|caption=Leloko la palamente ya borobabobedi ya Ghana}} '''Ambrose Dery''' (o o tshotsweng ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa 1956) ke mmueledi,mopolotiki le mopalamente wa kwa kgaolong ya Nandom kwa [[Ghana]].<ref>[https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2016/12/09/ec-declares-ambrose-dery-winner-in-nandom-constituency/ "EC declares Ambrose Dery winner in Nandom Constituency".] ''Ghana Business News''. 9 December 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2025</ref><ref>Allotey, Godwin Akweiteh (17 December 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190224201524/http://citifmonline.com/2016/12/17/ocquaye-for-speaker-nitiwul-for-defence-ofori-atta-finance/ "Ocquaye for Speaker, Nitiwul for Defence, Ofori-Atta, Finance".] ''Ghana News''. Retrieved 28 October 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/mps-call-for-probe-of-all-electoral-violence.html "MPs call for probe of all electoral violence".] ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 28 October 2025</ref> O fentse kgaolo ka ditlhopho tsa 2016 a le mo phathing ya [[New Patriotic Party]].<ref>[https://www.pulse.com.gh/articles/election-2016-ambrose-dery-wins-nandom-constituency-2024080208070587738 "Ambrose Dery wins Nandom constituency".] ''Pulse Ghana''. 8 December 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2025</ref> E ne e le tona wa legae wa Ghana go tswa ka 2017 go tsena Tlhakole 2024. == Thuto le pereko == Dery o dirile dithuto tsa gagwe tse dikgolwane kwa Navrongo Secondary. O tsene University of Ghana ka 1997 a aloga moragi ka BL le LL.B. O ne a simolola tiro ya molao ka 1982.<ref name=":0">Online, Peace FM. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230429031827/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201112/83240.php "Who is Ambrose Dery?"]. Retrieved 28 October 2025</ref> Fa a le mmueledi wa molao, o ne a tlhama ofisi ya molao kwa Bolgatanga la Laary Bimi o o tlhokafetseng. Morago o ne a nna motlhami, moeteledipele le mookamedi wa Dery & Co, feme ya molao kwa Accra.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230401170223/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=252 "Parliament of Ghana".] ''parliament of ghana''. Retrieved 28 October 2025</ref> == Tiro ya sepolotiki. == Pele ga a tsena mo palamenteng ka 2008,Devy o ne a thapiwa e le mothusa moatlhodi ka 2003. O berekile gape mo maemong a mabedi a botona, e le tona wa kgaolo ya Upper West go tswa ka 2004 go tseba 2996 le tona wa lefatshe mo lephateng la tshiamiso go tswa ka 2005 go tsena 2007.<ref>GhanaWeb TV (22 January 2017), ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZRK5ngwCtg PLAYBACK Appointments Committee vets Ambrose Dery (part 1)]'', retrieved 28 October 2025</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230612215334/https://www.ghanamma.com/2016/12/08/provisional-ambrose-dery-recaptures-nandom-seat/ "Provisional: Ambrose Dery recaptures Nandom seat • Ghanamma.com".] ''Ghanamma''. 8 December 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2025</ref> O ne a fenya setilo sa palamente sa Namdom, le sa Lawra-nandom ka 2008 mme se ne sa mo latlhegela ka 2012 fa se fenngwa ke [[Benjamin Kumbuor]]. Kwa palamenteng, o ne a le mothusa moteledipele wa diphathi tse di senang kemedi e ntsi. O berekile gape e le modulasetilo wa Water Aid Partner Round Table, lekgotla le le ikemetseng le le fiwang thuso ya madi ke Water Aid mo dingwageng di le lesome (go tswa 1993 go tsena 2003.) Mo lenaaneng le le neetsweng palamente ka Firikgone a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2021, Dery o ne a tlhophiwa ke tautona wa Ghana, [[Nana Akufo-Addo]], go tshwarelela maemo a gagwe a tona wa legae,<ref>[https://www.myjoyonline.com/akufo-addo-presents-first-list-of-ministers-for-his-second-term-to-parliament/ "Akufo-Addo presents first list of ministers for his second term to parliament - MyJoyOnline.com".] ''myjoyonline''. Retrieved 28 October 2025</ref> morago a rolwa marapo ka Tlhakole a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 2024, pele ga nako ya gagwe e fela a le mo ofising eo.<ref>GNA (14 February 2024). [https://gna.org.gh/2024/02/president-reshuffles-cabinet-13-ministers-10-deputies-out/ "President reshuffles Cabinet, 13 ministers, 10 deputies out".] ''Ghana News Agency''. Retrieved 28 October 2025</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Ambrose ke mo katoliki o nyetse, o na le ngwana a le mongwe.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230401170223/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=252 "Parliament of Ghana".] ''www.parliament.gh''. Retrieved 28 October 2025</ref> == Dikomiti == E ne e le leloko la komiti ya molaomotheo, molao le dikgang tsa palamente, gape a le leloko la komiti e e tlhophang.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == j7nkmwa77kgce3rhrhmaqbd17tz1af9 0 11716 54446 50987 2026-09-05T05:38:36Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Given Stuurman|birth_name=Given Mahlatse Stuurman|birth_place=[[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]]|resting place coordinates=<!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->|occupation=Actor, presenter|years active=2006–present}} '''Given Mahlatse Stuurman''', yo gape a itsegeng ka leina la gagwe la kgwebo la '''PapiAction''', ke [[modiragatsi]] wa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210515032456/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2be184e22f "Given Stuurman"]. British Film Institute. Archived from [https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2be184e22f the original] on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> O simolotse e le motaki wa ngwana, Stuurman o itsege thata ka dikarolo tsa gagwe mo difiliming tse di tumileng tsa thelebišene le mo difiliming tsa ''Invictus,'' ''Straight Outta Benoni'', ''Scout's Safari'' le ''[[Scandal!]]''.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20241212183150/https://www.gigster.co.za/artists/given-stuurman/ "Given Stuurman bio"]. Gigster. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == O tsholetswe le go golela kwa [[Johannesburg]], Aforika Borwa. Le fa, a ne a tswelela go ithuta boenjenere jwa modumo kwa Sekolong sa Boenjenere jwa Modumo kwa Auckland Park, moragonyana o ne a bo tlogela.<ref>[https://okmzansi.co.za/5-facts-you-need-to-know-about-given-stuurman/ "5 Facts You Need To Know About Given Stuurman"]. okmzansi. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> O nyetse mme ke rre wa morwadi a le mongwe, yo o tsetsweng ka 2020.<ref>[https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/your-life-entertainment-your-life/entertainment-celebrities/2266394/scandal-actor-given-stuurman-welcomes-his-first-child/ "'Scandal!' actor Given Stuurman welcomes his first child"]. Citizen. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Tiro == Ke mongwe wa bataki ba bana ba ba tumileng thata mo Aforika Borwa mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 2000. Ka 2006, o ne a tlhophelwa karolo ya 'Xolisi 'Speedy' Ncebe' mo motseletseleng wa thelebišene wa ''Tshisa'' o o neng o gasiwa mo SABC1. Motseletsele ono o ne wa tuma thata koo a neng a tswelela go tshameka karolo eno go fitlha ka 2012. Morago ga moo o ne a tshameka karolo ya ‘Medupe’ mo sitcom ya thelebišene ya ''Gauteng Maboneng'' ka 2011. Ka 2009, o ne a nna leloko la batshameki ba motseletsele wa thelebišene wa ''Scandal!'' mme a tshameka karolo nngwe ya boeteledipele jwa 'Kgosi'. Motseletsele ono o ne wa tuma thata ka dingwaga di feta lesome.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251011065202/https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=5661 "Given Stuurman: Full / Real Name: Given Mahlatse Stuurman"]. tvsa. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka 2005, o ne a tshameka karolo ya gagwe ya ntlha mo baesekopong mo filiming ya ''Straight Outta Benoni'' kwa a neng a tshameka karolo ya go tshegetsa 'morwarraagwe Manziman'. Ka 2006, o ne a tlhagelela mo filiming ya gae ya ''König Otto''. Ka 2009, o ne a tshameka mo filiming e e neng ya atlega thata ya ''Invictus'' ka seabe se sennye sa 'Township Kid'.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 2017, o ne a nna batshameki ba ka metlha mo motseletseleng wa thelebišene wa ''Shuga''. Mo motseletseleng ono, o ne a tshameka karolo ya 'Reggie'. == Bodiragatsi == {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga !Filimi !Karolo !Genre !Ref. |- |2003 |''Scout's Safari'' | |TV series | |- |2005 |''Straight Outta Benoni'' |Manziman's brother |Film | |- |2006 |''Tshisa'' |Xolisi 'Speedy' Ncebe |TV series | |- |2006 |''König Otto'' |Mbugu |TV movie | |- |2009 |''[[Invictus]]'' |Township Kid |Film | |- |2009 |''[[Scandal!]]'' |Kgosi Legae |TV series | |- |2017–19 |''[[Shuga]]'' |Reggie |TV series | |} == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] m6qs3utoxw6yfq0zbb1k7v0r93wimni 0 12047 54441 45167 2026-09-05T02:51:36Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Chichi Letswalo|birth_name=Tebogo Chichi Letswalo|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1981|9|14}}|birth_place=[[Alexandra, Gauteng|Alexandra]], South Africa|resting place coordinates=<!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->|education=Wendywood High School|alma mater=Akademie vir Dramakuns <br> Michael Howard School|occupation=Television actress, Presenter|years active=2003–present}} '''Tebogo Chichi Letswalo''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Lwetse a le lesome le bone 1981), ke modiragatsi le mogasi wa thelebišene wa Aforika Borwa.<ref>Nkosi, Joseph; MA. [https://thenation.co.za/bio/chichi-letswalo-biography/ "Chichi Letswalo biography - The Nation"]. Retrieved 25 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211028080914/https://zalebs.com/top-of-the/chichi-letswalo/getting-know-chichi-letswalo-weekend-content "Getting to know Chichi Letswalo"]. ''ZAlebs''. Archived from [https://zalebs.com/top-of-the/chichi-letswalo/getting-know-chichi-letswalo-weekend-content the original] on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 25 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> O itsege thata ka dikarolo tse a di tshamekang mo difiliming tsa thelebishene; ''Generations'', ''Isithembiso'' le ''Lingashoni''.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20211028080914/https://www.safrolebs.com/blog/celebs/chichi-letswalo-biography-facts/ "Chichi Letswalo biography facts"]. ''Southern African celebrities''. 16 September 2021. Archived from [https://www.safrolebs.com/blog/celebs/chichi-letswalo-biography-facts/ the original] on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 25 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Letswalo o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bone 1981 kwa Alexandra, Gauteng, motsesetoropo o o kwa ntle ga Johannesburg, Aforika Borwa e le yo mogolo mo lelapeng le le nang le bana ba bararo. O weditse dithuto kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Wendywood.<ref name=":0" /> O ne a tsena sekolo sa Akademie vir Dramakuns dingwaga di le pedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240416163031/https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=1496 "Chichi Letswalo: TVSA"]. ''www.tvsa.co.za''. Retrieved 25 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> Ka nako ya potsolotso, o ne a re, o batla go nna a le esi, a se na monna le bana.<ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2017-10-20-chichi-letswalo-i-dont-want-a-husband-or-kids/ "Isithembiso's Chichi Letswalo: I don't want a husband or kids"]. ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 25 Ngwanaatselel 2025.</ref><ref>[https://okmzansi.co.za/dont-want-husband-kids-says-actress-chichi-letswalo/ "'I Don't Want A Husband Or Kids,' Says Actress Chichi Letswalo"]. ''OkMzansi''. 20 October 2017. Retrieved 25 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> == Tiro == O ne a tlhophiwa go nna mogasi ka nako ya thulaganyo ya boammaaruri ya SABC3 ya The Wedding Show e e neng e tshwerwe kwa Rosebank Mall kwa Johannesburg ka 2003. O ne a tlhagisa lenaneo mmogo le Ed Jordan. Ka 2007, o ne a fudugela kwa New York mme a ithuta botsweretshi jwa tiragatso kwa Sekolong sa Michael Howard sa Difilimi, Bobogelo le Thelebišene. Morago ga botshelo jwa dingwaga di le tlhano kwa USA, o ne a boela kwa Aforikaborwa ka 2012.[4] O ne gape a tlhagisa mananeo a go rotloetsa jaaka; Dikhotheele tsa Ciao le pontsho ya Modiri wa mo Gae wa Andy wa Seatla.[3][7] Ka 2014, o ne a dira tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha ya go tshameka mo thelebišeneng le setlhopha sa dikokomana tsa sesepa mme a tshameka karolo ya "Zandi Mbisi". Morago ga moo o ne a dira dikarolo tse dinnye mo difiliming tse dintsi tsa soap opera jaaka e.tv. terama ya Morago ga sethala, terama ya SABC1 ya Tshisa.[8] Ka 2013, o ne a kopanela le pontsho Zaziwa. Ka 2017, o ne a kopanela le batshameki ba ba neng ba boaboeletsa ba sefilimi sa thelebišene sa Mzansi Magic sa Isithembiso kwa a neng a tshameka karolo ya "Claudia Kunene" mo dipakeng tse pedi tsa ntlha.[9] Mme ka 2019, o ne a tshameka karolo ya "Dipuo Lesolle" mo motseletseleng wa Motheo. Ka 2021, o ne a kopanela le paka ya ntlha ya motseletsele wa Lingashoni go tshameka karolo ya "Mme Mkhize".[4][3] == Bodiragatsi == {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga !Filimi !Karolo !Genre !Ref. |- |1994 |''Generations'' |Zandi Mbisi |TV series | |- |2006 |''Tshisa'' |Bonnie Nkomo |TV series | |- |2013 |''[[Zaziwa]]'' |Herself |TV series | |- |2017 |''Isithembiso'' |Claudia Kunene |TV series | |- |2019 |''Grassroots'' |Dipuo Lesolle |TV series | |- |2021 |''Lingashoni'' |Mrs Mkhize |TV series | |} == Metswedi == mawwswgc7prgji26alsn41jk5gg4zvv 0 12624 54427 46772 2026-09-04T18:00:09Z P'kaytee 12489 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369796958|Money]]" 54427 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Setshwantsho:Euro_coins_and_banknotes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Dipampiri tsa Yuro le madi a tshipi]] '''Madi''' ke ntlha nngwe le nngwe kgotsa rekoto e e netefadiwang e e amogelwang ka kakaretso jaaka tuelo ya dithoto le ditirelo le dituelo tsa dikoloto, jaaka makgetho, mo nageng e e rileng kgotsa mo bokaong jwa loago le ikonomi . Ditiro tsa konokono tse di farologanyang madi ke : sediriswa sa kananyo, yuniti ya akhaonto, polokelo ya boleng mme ka dinako dingwe, selekanyo e e tuelo e e diegisitsweng . Madi e ne e le tiragalo ya mmaraka e e tlhagelelang mo hisitoring e e neng e na le boleng jwa ka fa teng jaaka thoko; mo e ka nnang ditsamaiso tsotlhe tsa madi tsa segompieno di theilwe mo mading a fiat a a sa tshegediwang kwantle ga boleng jwa tiriso . <ref name="mankiw">{{Cite book |last=Mankiw |first=N. Gregory |author-link=N. Gregory Mankiw |year=2007 |title=Macroeconomics |publisher=Worth Publishers |isbn=978-0-7167-6213-3 |edition=6th |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/macroeconomics0000mank/page/22 22–32] |chapter=2 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/macroeconomics0000mank/page/22}}</ref> Boleng jwa yona bo bonwa ke tumalano ya loago, ka go bo go itsisitswe ke puso kgotsa setheo sa taolo gore ke tšhelete ya semolao ; ke gore, e tshwanetse go amogelwa jaaka mofuta wa tuelo mo teng ga melelwane ya naga, ya " dikoloto tsotlhe, tsa puso le tsa poraefete ", mo ntlheng ya dolara ya United States . Phopelo ya madi a naga e akaretsa madi otlhe a a dirisiwang ( dipampiri tsa madi le ditshelete tsa tshipi tse di mo tirisong), mme go ikaegile ka tlhaloso e e dirisitsweng, mofuta o le mongwe kgotsa go feta wa madi a banka (madi a a setseng a a tshwerweng mo diakhaontong tsa go tlhola, diakhaonto tsa polokelo, le mefuta e mengwe ya diakhaonto tsa banka ). Madi a banka, a boleng jwa one bo leng teng mo dibukeng tsa ditheo tsa madi mme a ka fetolelwa go nna madi a pampiri kgotsa a dirisediwa go duela kwantle ga madi a a seatleng, a bopa karolo e kgolo thata ya madi a a anameng mo dinageng tse di tlhabologileng. Lefoko madi le tswa mo lefokong la Selatine {{Lang|la|moneta}} le le rayang tshelete ya tshipi, ka puo ya Sefora {{Lang|fr|monnaie}} . Go dumelwa gore lefoko la Selatine le simologile mo tempeleng ya modimogadi Juno, kwa Capitoline, e leng nngwe ya dithaba tse supa tsa Roma. Mo lefatsheng la bogologolo, Juno o ne a amaanngwa le madi. Tempele ya ga Juno Moneta kwa Roma e ne e le lefelo le mint ya Roma wa Bogologolo e neng e le mo go lone. Leina "Juno" le ka tswa le tswa mo modimong wa sesadi wa Ba-Etruscan Uni le "Moneta" e ka tswa e le mo lefokong la Selatine "monere" (go gakolola, tlhagisa, kgotsa go laela) kgotsa lefoko la Segerika "moneres" (a le nosi, yo o kgethegileng). Mo lefatsheng la Bophirima, lefoko le le tlwaelegileng la madi a tshipi e nnile ''[[wiktionary:specie|specie]]'', le le tswang mo Selatineng {{Lang|la|in specie}}, e e kayang "ka mofuta". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=specie&searchmode=phrase |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425230244/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=specie&searchmode=phrase |archive-date=2009-04-25 |access-date=2009-04-20 |publisher=etymonline.com}}</ref> == Hisetori == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Setshwantsho:BMC_06.jpg|left|thumb| Ledi la tshipi la motlakase la 640 BC la nngwetharong go tswa kwa Lydia . Go ya ka Herodotus, Balydia ke bone batho ba ntlha go simolola go dirisa madi a tshipi a gauta le a selefera . Go akanngwa ke barutegi ba segompieno gore madi ano a tshipi a ntlha a a nang le setempe a ne a gatisiwa mo e ka nnang ka 650 go ya go 600 BC. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldsborough |first=Reid |date=2003-10-02 |title=World's First Coin |url=https://rg.ancients.info/lion/article.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504001308/https://rg.ancients.info/lion/article.html |archive-date=2009-05-04 |access-date=2009-04-20 |publisher=rg.ancients.info}}</ref>]] [[Setshwantsho:Gold_Stater_of_Pharaoh_Nektanebo_II.jpg|left|thumb|230x230px| Setatara sa gauta sa Egepeto sa Nectanebo II : se se kwa morago se na le ditlhaka tsa ''nfr-nb'', se se dirilweng kwa [[Egypt|Egepeto]] ka bo 360 BC . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Museum |first=Egypt |date=2022-07-22 |title=Gold in Ancient Egypt |url=https://egypt-museum.com/gold-in-ancient-egypt/ |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=Egypt Museum |language=en-US}})</ref>]] Tiriso ya mekgwa e e tshwanang le ya kananyo e ka tswa e simolotse bonnye dingwaga di le 100 000 tse di fetileng, le fa go se na bosupi jwa setšhaba kgotsa ikonomi e e neng e ikaegile thata ka kananyo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=John Alexander |date=2016-06-08 |title=The Myth of the Myth of the Myth of Barter and the Return of the Armchair Ethnologists |url=https://bellacaledonia.org.uk/2016/06/08/the-myth-of-the-myth-of-the-myth-of-barter-and-the-return-of-the-armchair-ethnologists/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315172746/https://bellacaledonia.org.uk/2016/06/08/the-myth-of-the-myth-of-the-myth-of-barter-and-the-return-of-the-armchair-ethnologists/ |archive-date=2020-03-15 |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=[[Bella Caledonia]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Go na le moo, mekgatlho e e sa diriseng madi e ne e dira thata go ya ka melawana ya ikonomi ya dimpho le dikoloto . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-26 |title=What is Debt? – An Interview with Economic Anthropologist David Graeber |url=https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2011/08/what-is-debt-%E2%80%93-an-interview-with-economic-anthropologist-david-graeber.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222020448/https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2011/08/what-is-debt-%E2%80%93-an-interview-with-economic-anthropologist-david-graeber.html |archive-date=2026-02-22 |website=naked capitalism |publisher=[[Naked Capitalism]]}}</ref> Fa tota go ne go ananngwa, gantsi e ne e le fa gare ga batho ba ba sa itsiweng gotlhelele kgotsa ba ba ka nnang baba. <ref name="Graeber, David pp. 153-154">{{Cite book |last=Graeber |first=David |year=2001 |title=Toward an anthropological theory of value: the false coin of our own dreams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uo8tttilAlQC&pg=PA153 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-312-24045-5 |pages=153–154 |access-date=10 February 2011}}</ref> Kgabagare ditso di le dintsi mo lefatsheng di ne tsa simolola go dirisa madi a dijo. Shekele ya kwa Mesopotamia e ne e le yuniti ya bokete jo bo ikaegileng ka dithoro di le 160 tsa garase. Lefoko leno le ne la tlhagelela kwa Mesopotamia mo e ka nnang ka 3000 BC. Batho ba kwa Amerika, Asia, Afrika le Australia ba ne ba dirisa madi a kgopa—gantsi dikgopa tsa kgomo. Go ya ka Herodotus, Ba-Lidia e ne e le bone ba ntlha go dirisa madi a gauta le a selefera. Bakanoki ba segompieno ba dumela gore madi ano a ntlha a a gatisitsweng a dirilwe mo e ka nnang 650 go ya go 600 BC. [[Setshwantsho:Jiao_zi.jpg|thumb| Lesika la Dipina ''la Jiaozi'', madi a pampiri a ntlha go gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng]] Madi a a emelang a na le hisitori e telele. Bagwebi ba gauta le selefera kgotsa dibanka ba ne ba naya batho ba ba neng ba tsenya ditshipi tsa bone dirasiti, mme dirasiti tseno di ne di ka fetolwa gauta kgotsa selefera. Fa nako e ntse e ya, dirasiti tseno di ne tsa simolola go amogelwa e le tsela ya go duelela dilo mme tota tsa fetoga madi. Madi a pampiri a ne a tlhagelela la ntlha kwa China ka nako ya puso ya Song. Dipampiri tseno, tse di bidiwang "jiaozi," di ne di tswa mo dipampiri tse di neng di le teng go tloga ka lekgolo la bo7 la dingwaga. Di ne di sa tsenye madi mme di ne di dirisiwa mmogo le tsone. Mo lekgolong la bo13 la dingwaga, dikgang tsa madi a pampiri di ne tsa goroga kwa Yuropa ka ntlha ya batsamai ba ba jaaka Marco Polo le William wa Rubruck. Marco Polo o ne a kwala kgaolo mo bukeng ya gagwe, The Travels of Marco Polo, e e bidiwang "How the Great Kaan Causeth the Bark of Trees, Made Into Something Like Paper, to Pass for Money All Over His Country." Yuropa e ne ya bona dipampiri tsa yone tsa ntlha tse di ntshitsweng ke Stockholm Banco ka 1661 mme gape a ne a dirisiwa mmogo le madi a tshipi. The gold standard, tsamaiso ya madi e mo go yone sedirisiwa sa kananyo e leng madi a pampiri a a fetolelwang go nna selekanyo se se beilweng pele, se se tlhomameng sa gauta, e ne ya emisetsa tiriso ya madi a tshipi a gauta jaaka madi mo makgolong a bo17–19 a dingwaga kwa Yuropa. Madi ano a gauta a ne a dirwa madi a semolao, mme go ne ga sa rotloediwe gore a rekololwe go nna madi a tshipi a gauta . Kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo20 la dingwaga, mo e ka nnang dinaga tsotlhe di ne di amogetse mokgwa wa gouta, di tshegetsa madi a tsone a semolao ka selekanyo se se tlhomameng sa gauta. s5ja9dh85zdfhzaer7efezy0ap6qn4t 54428 54427 2026-09-04T18:01:32Z P'kaytee 12489 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369796958|Money]]" 54428 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Setshwantsho:Euro_coins_and_banknotes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Dipampiri tsa Yuro le madi a tshipi]] '''Madi''' ke ntlha nngwe le nngwe kgotsa rekoto e e netefadiwang e e amogelwang ka kakaretso jaaka tuelo ya dithoto le ditirelo le dituelo tsa dikoloto, jaaka makgetho, mo nageng e e rileng kgotsa mo bokaong jwa loago le ikonomi . Ditiro tsa konokono tse di farologanyang madi ke : sediriswa sa kananyo, yuniti ya akhaonto, polokelo ya boleng mme ka dinako dingwe, selekanyo e e tuelo e e diegisitsweng . Madi e ne e le tiragalo ya mmaraka e e tlhagelelang mo hisitoring e e neng e na le boleng jwa ka fa teng jaaka thoko; mo e ka nnang ditsamaiso tsotlhe tsa madi tsa segompieno di theilwe mo mading a fiat a a sa tshegediwang kwantle ga boleng jwa tiriso . <ref name="mankiw">{{Cite book |last=Mankiw |first=N. Gregory |author-link=N. Gregory Mankiw |year=2007 |title=Macroeconomics |publisher=Worth Publishers |isbn=978-0-7167-6213-3 |edition=6th |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/macroeconomics0000mank/page/22 22–32] |chapter=2 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/macroeconomics0000mank/page/22}}</ref> Boleng jwa yona bo bonwa ke tumalano ya loago, ka go bo go itsisitswe ke puso kgotsa setheo sa taolo gore ke tšhelete ya semolao ; ke gore, e tshwanetse go amogelwa jaaka mofuta wa tuelo mo teng ga melelwane ya naga, ya " dikoloto tsotlhe, tsa puso le tsa poraefete ", mo ntlheng ya dolara ya United States . Phopelo ya madi a naga e akaretsa madi otlhe a a dirisiwang ( dipampiri tsa madi le ditshelete tsa tshipi tse di mo tirisong), mme go ikaegile ka tlhaloso e e dirisitsweng, mofuta o le mongwe kgotsa go feta wa madi a banka (madi a a setseng a a tshwerweng mo diakhaontong tsa go tlhola, diakhaonto tsa polokelo, le mefuta e mengwe ya diakhaonto tsa banka ). Madi a banka, a boleng jwa one bo leng teng mo dibukeng tsa ditheo tsa madi mme a ka fetolelwa go nna madi a pampiri kgotsa a dirisediwa go duela kwantle ga madi a a seatleng, a bopa karolo e kgolo thata ya madi a a anameng mo dinageng tse di tlhabologileng. Lefoko madi le tswa mo lefokong la Selatine {{Lang|la|moneta}} le le rayang tshelete ya tshipi, ka puo ya Sefora {{Lang|fr|monnaie}} . Go dumelwa gore lefoko la Selatine le simologile mo tempeleng ya modimogadi Juno, kwa Capitoline, e leng nngwe ya dithaba tse supa tsa Roma. Mo lefatsheng la bogologolo, Juno o ne a amaanngwa le madi. Tempele ya ga Juno Moneta kwa Roma e ne e le lefelo le mint ya Roma wa Bogologolo e neng e le mo go lone. Leina "Juno" le ka tswa le tswa mo modimong wa sesadi wa Ba-Etruscan Uni le "Moneta" e ka tswa e le mo lefokong la Selatine "monere" (go gakolola, tlhagisa, kgotsa go laela) kgotsa lefoko la Segerika "moneres" (a le nosi, yo o kgethegileng). Mo lefatsheng la Bophirima, lefoko le le tlwaelegileng la madi a tshipi e nnile ''[[wiktionary:specie|specie]]'', le le tswang mo Selatineng {{Lang|la|in specie}}, e e kayang "ka mofuta". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=specie&searchmode=phrase |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425230244/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=specie&searchmode=phrase |archive-date=2009-04-25 |access-date=2009-04-20 |publisher=etymonline.com}}</ref> == Hisetori == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Setshwantsho:BMC_06.jpg|left|thumb| Ledi la tshipi la motlakase la 640 BC la nngwetharong go tswa kwa Lydia . Go ya ka Herodotus, Balydia ke bone batho ba ntlha go simolola go dirisa madi a tshipi a gauta le a selefera . Go akanngwa ke barutegi ba segompieno gore madi ano a tshipi a ntlha a a nang le setempe a ne a gatisiwa mo e ka nnang ka 650 go ya go 600 BC. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldsborough |first=Reid |date=2003-10-02 |title=World's First Coin |url=https://rg.ancients.info/lion/article.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504001308/https://rg.ancients.info/lion/article.html |archive-date=2009-05-04 |access-date=2009-04-20 |publisher=rg.ancients.info}}</ref>]] [[Setshwantsho:Gold_Stater_of_Pharaoh_Nektanebo_II.jpg|left|thumb|230x230px| Setatara sa gauta sa Egepeto sa Nectanebo II : se se kwa morago se na le ditlhaka tsa ''nfr-nb'', se se dirilweng kwa [[Egypt|Egepeto]] ka bo 360 BC . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Museum |first=Egypt |date=2022-07-22 |title=Gold in Ancient Egypt |url=https://egypt-museum.com/gold-in-ancient-egypt/ |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=Egypt Museum |language=en-US}})</ref>]] Tiriso ya mekgwa e e tshwanang le ya kananyo e ka tswa e simolotse bonnye dingwaga di le 100 000 tse di fetileng, le fa go se na bosupi jwa setšhaba kgotsa ikonomi e e neng e ikaegile thata ka kananyo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=John Alexander |date=2016-06-08 |title=The Myth of the Myth of the Myth of Barter and the Return of the Armchair Ethnologists |url=https://bellacaledonia.org.uk/2016/06/08/the-myth-of-the-myth-of-the-myth-of-barter-and-the-return-of-the-armchair-ethnologists/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315172746/https://bellacaledonia.org.uk/2016/06/08/the-myth-of-the-myth-of-the-myth-of-barter-and-the-return-of-the-armchair-ethnologists/ |archive-date=2020-03-15 |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=[[Bella Caledonia]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Go na le moo, mekgatlho e e sa diriseng madi e ne e dira thata go ya ka melawana ya ikonomi ya dimpho le dikoloto . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-26 |title=What is Debt? – An Interview with Economic Anthropologist David Graeber |url=https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2011/08/what-is-debt-%E2%80%93-an-interview-with-economic-anthropologist-david-graeber.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222020448/https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2011/08/what-is-debt-%E2%80%93-an-interview-with-economic-anthropologist-david-graeber.html |archive-date=2026-02-22 |website=naked capitalism |publisher=[[Naked Capitalism]]}}</ref> Fa tota go ne go ananngwa, gantsi e ne e le fa gare ga batho ba ba sa itsiweng gotlhelele kgotsa ba ba ka nnang baba. <ref name="Graeber, David pp. 153-154">{{Cite book |last=Graeber |first=David |year=2001 |title=Toward an anthropological theory of value: the false coin of our own dreams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uo8tttilAlQC&pg=PA153 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-312-24045-5 |pages=153–154 |access-date=10 February 2011}}</ref> Kgabagare ditso di le dintsi mo lefatsheng di ne tsa simolola go dirisa madi a dijo. Shekele ya kwa Mesopotamia e ne e le yuniti ya bokete jo bo ikaegileng ka dithoro di le 160 tsa garase. Lefoko leno le ne la tlhagelela kwa Mesopotamia mo e ka nnang ka 3000 BC. Batho ba kwa Amerika, Asia, Afrika le Australia ba ne ba dirisa madi a kgopa—gantsi dikgopa tsa kgomo. Go ya ka Herodotus, Ba-Lidia e ne e le bone ba ntlha go dirisa madi a gauta le a selefera. Bakanoki ba segompieno ba dumela gore madi ano a ntlha a a gatisitsweng a dirilwe mo e ka nnang 650 go ya go 600 BC. [[Setshwantsho:Jiao_zi.jpg|thumb| Lesika la Dipina ''la Jiaozi'', madi a pampiri a ntlha go gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng]] Madi a a emelang a na le hisitori e telele. Bagwebi ba gauta le selefera kgotsa dibanka ba ne ba naya batho ba ba neng ba tsenya ditshipi tsa bone dirasiti, mme dirasiti tseno di ne di ka fetolwa gauta kgotsa selefera. Fa nako e ntse e ya, dirasiti tseno di ne tsa simolola go amogelwa e le tsela ya go duelela dilo mme tota tsa fetoga madi. Madi a pampiri a ne a tlhagelela la ntlha kwa China ka nako ya puso ya Song. Dipampiri tseno, tse di bidiwang "jiaozi," di ne di tswa mo dipampiri tse di neng di le teng go tloga ka lekgolo la bo7 la dingwaga. Di ne di sa tsenye madi mme di ne di dirisiwa mmogo le tsone. Mo lekgolong la bo13 la dingwaga, dikgang tsa madi a pampiri di ne tsa goroga kwa Yuropa ka ntlha ya batsamai ba ba jaaka Marco Polo le William wa Rubruck. Marco Polo o ne a kwala kgaolo mo bukeng ya gagwe, The Travels of Marco Polo, e e bidiwang "How the Great Kaan Causeth the Bark of Trees, Made Into Something Like Paper, to Pass for Money All Over His Country." Yuropa e ne ya bona dipampiri tsa yone tsa ntlha tse di ntshitsweng ke Stockholm Banco ka 1661 mme gape a ne a dirisiwa mmogo le madi a tshipi. The gold standard, tsamaiso ya madi e mo go yone sedirisiwa sa kananyo e leng madi a pampiri a a fetolelwang go nna selekanyo se se beilweng pele, se se tlhomameng sa gauta, e ne ya emisetsa tiriso ya madi a tshipi a gauta jaaka madi mo makgolong a bo17–19 a dingwaga kwa Yuropa. Madi ano a gauta a ne a dirwa madi a semolao, mme go ne ga sa rotloediwe gore a rekololwe go nna madi a tshipi a gauta . Kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo20 la dingwaga, mo e ka nnang dinaga tsotlhe di ne di amogetse mokgwa wa gouta, di tshegetsa madi a tsone a semolao ka selekanyo se se tlhomameng sa gauta. Morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe II le Khonferense ya Bretton Woods, dinaga di le dintsi di amogetse madi a fiat a a neng a tlhomamisitswe mo dolareng ya Amerika . Dolara ya Amerika le yone e ne ya tlhomamisiwa go nna gauta. Ka 1971 puso ya United States e ne ya emisa go fetolwa ga dolara go nna gauta. Morago ga seno dinaga di le dintsi di ne tsa tlosa madi a tsone mo dolareng ya Amerika, mme bontsi jwa madi a lefatshe a ne a sa tlhole a tshegediwa ke sepe fa e se fela go laela ga dipuso gore go nne le madi a semolao le bokgoni jwa go fetola madi go nna dithoto ka go duela. Go ya ka babueledi ba kgopolo ya madi a segompieno, madi a fiat le one a tshegediwa ke makgetho . Ka go duedisa makgetho, dinaga di dira gore go batlwe madi a di a ntshang. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Wray |first=L. Randall |date=2012 |title=Modern money theory: a primer on macroeconomics for sovereign monetary systems |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0230368897 |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire |pages=45–50}}</ref> 7zpp8nesx40psputkiq7pkuovqsqq0t 0 13167 54442 49602 2026-09-05T03:15:51Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54442 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Ndjavera''' (21 Phatwe 1969- 14 Phukwi 2021) e ne e le motshameki wa difilimi le motsamaisi wa kwa [[Namibia]],<ref>"[https://neweralive.na/david-ndjavera-a-pioneer-of-a-success-story-2/ David Ndjavera, a pioneer of a success story]". New Era Live</ref> [1] yo o itsegeng ka Hairareb (2019), [[Katutura]] (2015), [[Salute!]] (2017) le Just Drive (2014). == Botshelo jwa gagwe le leso == O ne a nyetswe ke Helena Ndjavera.<ref>"[https://www.namibian.com.na/rebuilding-a-covid-wounded-namibia/ Rebuilding a Covid-Wounded Namibia]". The Namibian. 23 July 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2026</ref> <ref>"[https://www.namibian.com.na/arts-gentle-giant-departs/ Arts' 'gentle giant' departs]". The Namibian. 15 July 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2026.</ref>O tlhokafetse ka 14 Phukwi 2021, kwa [[Windhoek]], Namibia.<ref>Matthys, Donald (14 July 2021). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20240615123511/https://economist.com.na/62872/after-hours/prominent-actor-and-director-david-ndjavera-dies-at-52/ Prominent actor and director, David Ndjavera dies at 52]". Namibia Economist. Retrieved 13 April 2026.</ref> O ne a itsiwe ke batho ba le bantsi mo intasetering ya theatre le filimi jaaka motlhatlheledi wa theatre, motshameki yo o gapileng dikgele, motsamaisi le mokwadi wa ditlhamo. == Metshameko ya gagwe == * [[Hairareb]] (2019) * [[Katutura]] (2015)[1] * [[Just Drive]] (2014) * [[Salute!]] (2017) * Taste of Rain (2012)<ref>"[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/david_ndjavera David Ndjavera Movies List | Rotten Tomatoes | Rotten Tomatoes]". www.rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved 17 September 2025</ref> * Under the hanging tree == Metswedi == [[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang]] s5c7x95p1qiavkzsagx0wla43u61bqa 0 13253 54448 49945 2026-09-05T06:53:30Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Jeniva Arinaitwe|office=Mopalamente wa mme wa kgaolo ya Rubirizi|term_start=2026|term_end=2031|constituency=Kgaolo ya Rubirizi|birth_name=Jeniva Arinaitwe|party=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|occupation=Mopolotiki|known_for=A tlhophilwe a sa ganediwe ke ope e le mopalamente wa kgaolo ya Rubirizi (2026 go tsena 2031)}} '''Jeniva Arinaitwe''', o o itsegeng gape ka leina la '''Nalongo''', ke mopolotiki wa kwa [[Uganda]]. Ke mopalamente wa mme wa kgaolo ya [[Rubirizi]] mo palamenteng ya lesome le bobedi ya Uganda (go tswa ka 2026 go tsena 2031).<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260528212624/https://teamnalongojeniva.com/ "HON. ARINAITWE JENIVA NALONGO – Omwana Wanyu!"]. Retrieved 2026-05-13</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/rubirizi-mp-candidates-prioritise-tourism-5251004 "Rubirizi MP candidates prioritise tourism".] ''Monitor''. 2025-10-31. Retrieved 2026-05-13</ref><ref name=":2">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/ankole-elects-12-new-woman-mps-5342924 "Ankole elects 12 new Woman MPs".] ''Monitor''. 2026-01-30. Retrieved 2026-05-13</ref> == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Ka ditlhopho tsa National Resistance Movement (NRM) tsa peo lotlhokwa, o ne a gaisanela setilo sa bopalamente sa kgaolo ya Rubirizi a fenya ka ditalama di le dikete di le masome mabedi le bosupa, makgolo a marataro masome a matlhano le boraro a nna mo maemong a go etelela pele ba bangwe mo phathing. O ne a nna motshola folaga ya National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref name=":0" /><ref>SERUGO, GEOFREY (2026-01-01). [https://observer.ug/news/winning-without-voting-quiet-mechanics-of-the-2026-parliament/ "Winning without voting: quiet mechanics of the 2026 parliament"]. ''The Observer''. Retrieved 2026-05-13</ref><ref>Mugizi, Bruno (2025-11-24). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/rubirizi-movement-women-leaders-urged-to-unit-NV_223172_022026 "News: Rubirizi Movement women leaders urged to unite".] ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2026-05-13</ref><ref>Mbogo, Musa (2025-07-18). [https://www.ugbulletin.co.ug/here-is-the-full-list-of-winners-in-the-nrm-primaries/ "Here is the full list of winners in the NRM primaries"]. ''UG Bulletin''. Retrieved 2026-05-13.</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa a sa ganediwe mo ditlhophong tsa 2026 tsa Uganda.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == clz9lwe9skdsjq5gjec8byuuon023m1 0 13336 54443 50214 2026-09-05T03:47:16Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54443 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphororo tsa Tugela''' (uThukela in Zulu [citation needed]) ke lefelo la diphororo tsa setlha tse di leng kwa Drakensberg (Dragon's Mountains) ya Royal Natal National Park mo porofenseng ya KwaZulu-Natal, Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa. Go ya ka dipalo dingwe, ke phororo e e kwa godimo go di gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng. Ga go na bosupi jo bo boeletswang jwa go lekanya diphororo mme go santse go na le go sa tlhomamisege gore a Tugela kgotsa Angel Falls ya Venezuela ke yone e e kwa godimo go di feta (go lekanya ka bobedi go ne ga tsewa mo sekgaleng se se lekaneng go tswa mo diphororong tse pedi).<ref name=":0">[http://www.worldwaterfalldatabase.com/tallest-waterfalls/total-height/ "World's tallest waterfalls by total overall height]". World Waterfall Database. Retrieved 20 February 2013.</ref> Go wela ga yone go go kgaogantsweng go go farologanyeng go go sa kgaoganyeng go le gonnye ke makgolo a robabongwe , masome a mane le boferabobedi (948) m (3,110 ft). Le fa go ntse jalo, ka ngwaga 2016, setlhopha sengwe sa baitsesaense ba kwa Czech Republic se ne sa dira ditekanyetso tse disha, se dira gore diphororo tseno di nne boleele jwa dimetara di le makgolo a robabonngwe , masome a borerabobedi le boraro (983). Tshedimosetso e ne ya romelwa kwa World Waterfall Database gore e tlhomamisiwe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170424191507/http://praguemonitor.com/2016/12/13/czech-surveyors-tugela-not-angel-worlds-tallest-waterfall "Czech surveyors: Tugela, not Angel is world's tallest waterfall | Prague Monitor"]. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2016</ref><ref>[https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/domaci/k-novemu-nejvyssimu-vodopadu-na-svete-se-splha-a-brodi-atrak/r~7b14d902cc3511e6a8cb002590604f2e/?_ga=1.206758867.1583613805.1466620372 "K novému nejvyššímu vodopádu na světě se šplhá a brodí. Přeměřili ho Češi, atrakcí se nestane | Aktuálně.cz"]. 28 December 2016</ref>Motswedi wa Noka ya Tugela (Zulu for 'sudden') ke Mont-Aux-Sources plateau, e e atologang dikhilometara di le mmalwa go feta mokgokolosa wa Amphitheatre o diphororo di welang go tswa mo go ona.<ref name=":0" /> == Kganetsano ya boleele == Diphororo tsa Tugela fa di ntse di elela go tswa mo thotaneng e e bontshang go wa ga ntlha le go phothosela Go na le ngangisano ya gore Tugela Falls ke phororo e e kwa godimo go gaisa mo lefatsheng, go na le go re ke phororo ya Angel Falls e gantsi e umakiwang. Kgang eno e theilwe mo dilong tse pedi tse di ka nnang tsa se ka tsa nna boammaaruri malebana le bogodimo jo go akanngwang gore bo ne bo le teng jwa diphororo tse di farologaneng. <ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131213095047/http://pyramidbeach.com/2011/10/09/kerepakupai-meru-vs-tugela-falls/ "KEREPAKUPAI MERÚ vs TUGELA FALLS… | the pyramid beach roadhouse"]. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2013.</ref>4][5] Sa ntlha, ba le bantsi [ke bomang?<ref name=":1" />gone jaanong ba dumela gore Angel Falls ga e kwa godimo jaaka go ne go bolelwa mo patlisisong ya ntlha e e neng ya dirwa ke mmegadikgang wa Moamerika e bong Ruth Robertson ka 1949. Palo e e nopotsweng ya 979 m (3,212 ft) e tsamaelana ka tlhomamo le pharologano ya bogodimo magareng ga setlhoa sa diphororo le motswedi wa Rio Gauja le Río Churún, e e leng bokgakala jwa 2 km (1.2 mi) go tswa kwa tlase ga lekgotlho la Auyan Tepui le 1.6 km (0.99 mi) kwa tlase ga karolo ya bofelo ya Rio Gauja e e ka tsewang e le 'phororo'.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[http://www.worldwaterfalldatabase.com/waterfall/Kerepakupai-Meru-1/ "Kerepakupai Merú".] ''World Waterfall Database''. Retrieved 11 March 2015.</ref> Bogodimo jo bo simololang jwa diphororo tsa Angel gantsi bo fiwa jaaka 1,500 m (4,900 ft), go tswa foo diphororo di wela 807 m (2,648 ft), go tswa foo di tsweletse go wela kwa tlase ka dikilometara di ka nna 0.4 (0.25 mi) ka tatlhegelo e nnye ya bogodimo, pele ga go wela kwa tlase ga 30 m (98 ft) ka fa tlase ga Talus Rapids, gaufi le lefelo le le itsegeng la pono le le itsegeng jaaka Mirador Laime. Morago ga moo, Rio Gauja e elela e ntse e fokotsega go sekae fela, mme ga go na sepe se se atamelang diphororo tsa metsi kgotsa le e leng diphororo tsa metsi pele ga e elela mo Río Churún. Le fa go ntse jalo, bogodimo jwa Mirador Laime gantsi bo fiwa e le 700 m (2,300 ft), e leng se se ka akantshang gore Angel Falls e boleele jwa 800 m (2,600 ft) fela (e ka nna boleele jwa go wela ga ntlha).<ref>[http://www.sailblogs.com/member/voyageurc/?xjMsgID=105050 "The Road Less Travelled (Oct. 14/09)"].</ref> Angel Falls, le fa go ntse jalo, e tsewa e le yone e e nang le lerothodi le le kwa godimo go gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng (bogodimo jwa Tugela Falls, le fa e le yone e e kwa godimo go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng, e kgaogantswe ka dikarolo tse tlhano tse dinnye, mme karolo ya yone e e kwa godimo ke 411 m).<ref>[http://www.worldwaterfalldatabase.com/ "Home".] ''worldwaterfalldatabase.com''</ref> == Go tsena == Ka nako e e siameng ya ngwaga, diphororo tseno di bonala sentle go tswa mo tseleng e kgolo e e tsenang mo phakeng, segolobogolo fa pula e na thata. Go na le lefelo le le sa agiwang la go kampa le ntlwana ya dithaba ka bonako fela fa godimo ga diphororo. Go na le ditsela tse pedi tse di yang kwa Tugela Falls. Tsela e e kgatlhisang thata ke go ya kwa godimo ga Mont-Aux-Sources, e e simololang kwa phakeng ya "The Sentinel" (ka Phuthaditjhaba mo R57, e e tsayang diura tse di ka nnang pedi go tswa kwa Royal Natal National Park ka R74, metsotso e le 90 go tswa kwa Harrismith ka R712, kgotsa metsotso e le 80 go tswa kwa Golden Gate Highlands National Park). Tsamaya ka tsela e e tswang kwa Sentinel Car Park, o ya kafa mojeng wa Witches, o ya kwa Sentinel, kwa dikoloi tse di tsamayang ka go dikologa di felelang teng, di dikologa fa Sentinel e simologang teng, di tsamaya ka tsela e e tsamayang go ya kwa moleng wa ditepisi. Fa o le mo tseleng, o feta Sentinel Cave (e e leng dimetara di le 20 kwa godimo ga tsela) le Gully, e e nayang tsela e nngwe ya go tlhatloga, go ba ba tshwenngwang thata ke lere. Go tswa mo lefelong la go phaka dikoloi go ya kwa tlase ga llere gantsi go tsaya motho yo o tsamayang ka dinao mo e ka nnang ura go ya go ura le sephatlo. Go tswa kwa godimo ga llere go na le tsela e e bonalang sentle e e isang kwa "Hut" le kwa godimo ga Tugela Falls. Go na le dikarolo di le pedi tsa llere ya ketane, nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e na le dikgato di ka nna masome a matlhano (50). Gape go na le tlhopho ya llere; e nngwe e se na "dikgono tse dikgolo tsa go tshwara" (e e kafa molemeng) mme e nngwe e na le (e e kafa mojeng).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sahikes.com/southern-africa-hikes/free-state/transfrontier-parks-destinations/amphitheatre-tugela-falls-via-chain-ladder-pass |title=Chain Ladder Pass |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2026-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260413202000/https://sahikes.com/southern-africa-hikes/free-state/transfrontier-parks-destinations/amphitheatre-tugela-falls-via-chain-ladder-pass |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tsela e nngwe e e yang kwa tlase ga Tugela Falls e simolola kwa Royal Natal National Park. Tsela e e motlhofo ya dikilometara di le supa (7) e e tlhatlogelang kwa Tugela Gorge e ralala dikgwa tsa selegae. Karolo ya bofelo ya loeto lwa go ya kwa Tugela Falls ke go tlola ka lefika. Setepisi se sennye sa ketane se go isa kwa karolong ya bofelo go bona diphororo di fologela kwa tlase go tswa kwa lefelong la bobogelo ka motseletsele wa diphororo tse tlhano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140910175452/http://www.drakensberg-tourism.com/tugela-falls.html Tugela Falls], Drakensberg Tourism. Archived.</ref> == Metswedi == s71mrokq4g9fne7dlrbe0helpn4aa14 0 13857 54452 51559 2026-09-05T11:51:17Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:In Bonny River - panoramio.jpg|thumb]] [[Setshwantsho:Golden Sunset at Bonny River.jpg|thumb|Letsatsi le phirima kwa Bonny]] '''Noka ya Bonny''' ke noka e e kwa kgaolong ya Rivers, kwa [[Nigeria]].<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100310095049/http://www.nlng.com/NLNGnew/environment/EIA+For+NLNGPlus/Description+Of+The+Environment.htm "Description Of The Environment"]. Nigeria LNG Limited. Archived from [http://www.nlng.com/NLNGnew/environment/EIA+For+NLNGPlus/Description+Of+The+Environment.htm the original] on 2010-03-10. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Dipalamo tsa setshaba tsa metsi tse do tsamayang mo lotshitshing lwa noka di kopanya [[setlhaketlhake sa Bonny]] le maemelo a dikepe a Harcourt, <ref name=":0" />toropokgolo ya kgaolo ya Rivers, e e mo lotshitshing lwa noka.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Bonny-River "Bonny River | river, Nigeria | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061125011206/http://portharcourt.net/php/visitorinfo.php "Welcome to Port Harcourt".] ''AfricanCities.net''. White Pages Limited. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Ke bontlha jwa makgadikgadi a noka ya Niger gape.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Bonny-River "Bonny River | river, Nigeria | Britannica"]. ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Ditlhapi tse di nang le dikgapa di tshwana le di prawn, pweriwinkle le di crab tse di bonwang kwa dinokeng tsa Bonny go lemogilwe fa di na le tshipi e e kwa godimo.<ref>Oyewole, Oe; Pepple, Mm (2011-11-07). [http://www.ajol.info/index.php/njns/article/view/71721 "Mineral and Heavy Metal Contents of some Shellfish in Bonny River, Rivers State, Nigeria: Public Health Implication".] ''Nigerian Journal of Nutritional Sciences''. '''32''' (2): 71–78. doi:[[doi:10.4314/njns.v32i2.71721|10.4314/njns.v32i2.71721.]] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0189-0913 0189-0913.]</ref> Ditirelo tse di diriwang thata kwa nokeng ya Bonny ke go tshwara ditlhapi le go tsamaisa batho le dithoto.<ref>Bankole, Idowu (2024-01-10). [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/01/5-infants-6-adults-die-as-2-wooden-boats-capsize-in-rivers/ "5 infants, 6 adults die as 2 wooden boats capsize in Rivers".] ''Vanguard News''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260704190409/https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00072281.html "Fishing in Nigerian State Threatened As Bandits Take Over Rivers".] ''allAfrica.com''. 2020-03-09. Retrieved 2026-06-22.</ref> == Madirelo kwa nokeng ya Bonny == * Nigeria Liquefiled Natural Gas Limited<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230928182103/https://www.nigerialng.com/Pages/locations.aspx "Locations".] ''www.nigerialng.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> * Federal Light and Ocean Terminals * Saipem Contracting Limited * Aveon Offshore Limited * International Hydrographic Organisation == Seemo sa loapi == Noka ya Bonny e na le seemo se se bongola, paka ya dipula e nan e le bothito. paka ya komelelo e molelo gantsi go thibile maru. Mo ngwageng, bothitho bo a farologana go tswa kwa go 21 degrees go stena 31 degrees ga se gantsi bo le kwa tlase ga 18 kgotsa kwa godimo ga 33.<ref>[https://weatherspark.com/y/54974/Average-Weather-in-Bonny-Nigeria-Year-Round "Bonny Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark".] ''weatherspark.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-22.</ref> == Kgotlhelesego == Go begilwe ka 2014 gore noka ya Bonny e kgotlhelwa ke go tshologa ga ole.<ref>Azubuike, Victor (2014-11-24). [https://dailypost.ng/2014/11/24/devastating-crude-oil-spill-hits-bonny-rivers-state/ "Devastating crude oil spill hits Bonny, Rivers state"]. ''Daily Post''. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Setlhaketlhake sa Bonny se bonwe se na le kgotlhelesego e e tsisitsweng ke go thunya ga gase e e amileng ditshedi le dimela tsa loapi<ref>Nigeria, Guardian (2021-01-07). [https://guardian.ng/news/pipeline-explosion-causes-panic-in-rivers-community/ "Pipeline explosion causes panic in Rivers community".] ''The Guardian''. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref>. Go ntshiwa mo ga gase go bakile gore batho bangwe ba tlhokafale fa bangwe ba le bansti ba le mo dikokelwaneng; ditlhapi di a bolawa, mmu o kgothege. Se se gakaditse mathata a lehuma, tshotlego, bolwetse le tlala mo bathong.<ref>Amos, Kobor (2023-07-09). [https://guardian.ng/news/rivers-worries-over-conflicting-reports-on-oil-spill/ "Rivers: Worries over conflicting reports on oil spill".] ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref><ref>Okogba, Emmanuel (2024-05-05). [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/05/the-press-and-environmental-crisis-in-niger-delta/ "The press and environmental crisis in Niger Delta".] ''Vanguard News''. Retrieved 2026-06-22.</ref> == Metswedi == fdphkp4c0yrmau9hpoq0ty2zzfp1tcq 0 14783 54451 53618 2026-09-05T11:38:29Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54451 wikitext text/x-wiki Lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le ne ka tswelela ka go lwantsha [[Segajaja sa Covid-19 mo Botswana|segajaja sa COVID-19]] ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi, go akaretsa go bonwa ga mofuta wa COVID-19 wa Omicron BA.4 le BA.5, ka dikiletso tsa COVID-19 di repisiwa ka Phalane. Dikgotlhang di ne tsa tswelela ka go nna teng mabapi le [[molelwane wa Botswana le Namibia]], le ntswa go ne ga diriwa lenaneo la molelwane o o butsweng ka Lwetse. Kgotlhang gareng ga ga tautona [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] le o a neng a mo tlhatlhama [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] e ne ya ya magoletsa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi, e gakadiwa ke katlholo ya ditlhobolo kgatlhanong le Khama le mokwalo wa go mo tshwara. Puso gape e ne ya itemogela dikganetsano ka go ema nokeng ga ditshutiso tse di tlaa e neelang maatla a mangwe a go nna le baela dilotlhoko ba sephiri le go laola babegadikgang. == Babusi ba nako eo == Tautona:[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] Mothusa tautona: [[Slumber Tsogwane]] [[Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ya Botswana|Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente:]] [[Phandu Skelemani]] Moatlhodimogolo: [[Terence Rannowane]] == Tse di tsweletseng == * Ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi go tsena dikete di le pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi Ditlou tsa Botswana di a tlhokafala * [[Segajaja sa Covid-19 mo Botswana|Segajaja sa COVID-19 mo Botswana]] * [[Go kentela segajaja sa COVID-19 mo Botswana]] == Ditiragalo == === Firikgong === * Firikgong a le malatsi a mararo go tsena a le lesome le bobedi - tautona Masisi o tsena mo serubing morago ga go fitlhelwa a na le mogare wa COVID-19 mme a sa supe dikai dipe.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswanas-president-isolation-after-testing-positive-covid-19-2022-01-03/ "Botswana's president ends isolation after asymptomatic COVID-19".] ''Reuters''. 2022-01-12. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Firikgong a le lesome le motso - seopedi sa [[Aforika Borwa]] [[Makhadzi]] o itsise fa a tlaa dira moletlo wa mosadi a le mongwe mo Botswana, dipoelo tsa one di tsewa ke lefatshe , mo go neng ga baka ngangisano kwa ga gabo kwa [[Limpopo]].<ref>Gaanakgomo, Constance (2022-01-12). [https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2022-01-12-makhadzi-responds-to-criticism-over-botswana-show-instead-of-having-one-back-home/ "Makhadzi responds to criticism over Botswana show instead of having one back home".] ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Firikgong a le lesome le bobedi - kompone ya Botswana Diamonds e bega fa kimberlite e e fitlhelwang mo porojekeng ya yone ya noka ya Aforika Borwa e e mitlwa e feta e e neng e solofetswe, e baka gore e ya kwa godimo ka 19%.<ref>[https://www.mining.com/botswana-diamonds-shares-shoot-up-on-thorny-river-potential/ "Botswana Diamonds shares shoot up on Thorny River potential".] ''Mining.com''. 2022-01-12. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Firikgong a le lesome le borobabobedi -  [[puso ya Botswana]] e simolola go phatlhalatsa mekento ya tlaleletso ya COVID-19.<ref>Ndebele, Lenin (2022-01-26). [https://www.news24.com/africa/news/botswana-has-stockpile-of-3-million-covid-19-vaccines-starts-offering-booster-jabs-20220126 "Botswana has stockpile of 3 million Covid-19 vaccines, starts offering booster jabs".] ''News24''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Firikgong a le masome mabedi - masole a Botswana a rolwa molato wa dipolao tsa batho ba [[Namibia]] mo [[Molelwane wa Botswana le Namibia|molelwaneng wa Botswana-Namibia]], go thatafatsa botsalano jwa mafatshe o o mabedi.<ref>Lute, Aubrey (2022-01-31). [https://weekendpost.co.bw/33387/news/namibia-mulling-action-against-botswana-over-bdf-inquest-ruling/ "Namibia mulling action against Botswana over BDF inquest ruling".] ''Weekend Post''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Firikgong a le masome mabedi le bone ** Tautona Masisi o kopana le baemedi ba lekgotla la batho ba ba ratanang ka bong bo le bongwe go bua ka maikaelelo a gagwe a go boela morago go dira go ratana ka bong bo bo tshwanang molato.<ref>Riley, John (2022-01-25). [https://www.metroweekly.com/2022/01/botswanas-president-promises-to-implement-court-ruling-decriminalizing-homosexuality/ "Botswana's president promises to implement court ruling decriminalizing homosexuality".] ''Metro Weekly''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> ** Kgotlatshekelo kgolo ya Botswana e tshegetsa teseletso ya go lema motekwane, e re ga e a tsewa sentle.<ref>Ndebele, Lenin (2022-01-24). [https://www.news24.com/africa/news/botswana-high-court-upholds-marijuana-licence-for-single-firm-to-produce-cannabis-for-goods-20220124 "Botswana High Court upholds marijuana licence for single firm to produce cannabis for goods".] ''News24''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> === Tlhakole === * Tlhakole a rogwa ** [[Palamente ya Botswana]] e dumalana le molao wa dithoto tse di mo maranyaneng go laola cryptocurrency <ref>Mguni, Mbongeni (2022-02-02). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-02/botswana-to-regulate-crypto-that-was-feared-becoming-wild-west "Botswana to Regulate Crypto That Was Feared Becoming 'Wild West'"]. ''Bloomberg.com''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> ** Vast Resources e ikgogela kwa morago mo tumalanong ya go reka moepo wa diteemane wa Ghaghoo mo Gem Diamonds .<ref>[https://www.mining.com/web/vast-resources-pulls-out-of-deal-to-buy-botswanas-ghaghoo-diamond-mine/ "Vast Resources pulls out of deal to buy Botswana's Ghaghoo diamond mine".] ''Mining.com''. 2022-02-01. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Tlhakole a le malatsi a mane - puso e fetola molao wa go nna le baeladilotlhoko ba sephiri go iletsa go reediwa ga dipuisano tsa sephiri.<ref>Dube, Mqondisi (2022-02-04). [https://www.voanews.com/a/6426756.html "Botswana Government Waters Down Phone Tapping Bill After Public Outcry".] ''VOA''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Tlhakole a le lesome le bone - lefatshe la Botswana le simolola molao wa gore mongwe le mongwe o o tsayang loeto go ya Botswana a kentiwe. Molao o ne wa emisiwa kgwedi e e latelang.<ref>Dube, Mqondisi (2022-03-20). [https://www.voanews.com/a/botswana-drops-vaccine-mandate-for-travelers/6493042.html "Botswana Drops Vaccine Mandate for Travelers".] ''VOA''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le boraro - go nna le go hulana ka ditlhobolo mo Gaborone fa [[Sepodise sa Botswana|sepodisi sa Botswana]] se lwantsha setlhopha sa dithukuthi tse di neng di tshotse ditlhobolo le koloi, ba bolaya ba robabongwe mo go ba le lesome le motso.<ref>Ndebele, Lenin. [https://www.news24.com/africa/news/sa-man-among-9-killed-in-shootout-with-botswana-police-following-cash-in-transit-robbery-20220224 "SA man among 9 killed in shootout with Botswana police, following cash-in-transit robbery".] ''News24''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> === Mopitlo === * Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso - [[Tshekedi Khama II]] le [[Anthony Khama]], bomotsalwa le Ian Khama, ba tshwarwa ke lekgotla la  DISS, ba atolosa kgotlhang gareng ga tautona wa pele Khama le wa nako eo Masisi.<ref>Koboyatau, Tumelo (2022-03-22). [https://weekendpost.co.bw/33888/news/khama-brothers-arrested/ "Khama brothers arrested".] ''Weekend Post''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> Keabetswe Makgophe, mookamedi wa sepodisi sa Botswana le ene o a tshwarwa.<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/editorial/makgophes-arrest-an-embarrassment/news "Makgophe's arrest an embarrassment".] ''Mmegi Online''. 2022-03-28. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> === Moranang === * Motsomi o bolaya nngwe ya ditlou tse ditona tsa Botswana.<ref>[https://www.sapeople.com/eish-south-african-stuff/iconic-big-tusker-elephant-killed-by-trophy-hunter-in-botswana/ "Iconic Big Tusker Elephant Killed by Trophy Hunter in Botswana".] ''SAPeople''. 2022-04-22. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Kgotlatshekelo e gana kopo ya go letlelela monna o o tlhokafetseng go bolokelwa kwa [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]].<ref>Letswela, Kagiso (2022-02-28). [https://weekendpost.co.bw/33685/news/govt-fears-backlash-from-ckgr-burial-saga/ "Gov't fears backlash from CKGR burial saga".] ''Weekend Post''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> Mmele wa gagwe o tlaa bewa kwa setsidifatsing ka lobaka lo lo sa itsiweng fa go santse go goga goganwa.<ref>Basimanebotlhe, Tsaone (2023-01-24). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/gaoberekwes-body-still-in-morgue/news "Gaoberekwe's body still in morgue".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Moranang a le malatsi a mane - Botho Bayendi o thapiwa go nna mookamedi wa [[Komiti ya lefatshe la Botswana ya metshameko ya di Olympic|komiti ya]] [[Komiti ya lefatshe la Botswana ya metshameko ya di Olympic|lefatshe la Botswana ya metshameko ya di Olympic]].<ref>Bila, Leticia (2022-04-06). [https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1121521/bnoc-appoints-new-chief-executive "Botswana National Olympic Committee appoints new chief executive"]. ''www.insidethegames.biz''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Moranang a le lesome - Ntlhopheng wa [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] Mankie Sekete o fenya ditlhopho tsa poeletso tsa kgotla ya Bophirima.<ref>Mosinyi, Thato (2022-04-10). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/66577 "UDC wins Bophirima ward".] ''Daily News Botswana''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Moranang a le lesome le motso - go lemogiwa mofuta wa COVID-19 wa Omicron BA.4 le BA.5 mo Botswana.<ref>[https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1121521/bnoc-appoints-new-chief-executive "New COVID-19 variant detected in Botswana, Namibia busy doing genomic surveillance".] ''Namibia Economist''. 2022-04-14. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Moranang a le lesome le borataro - motlae wa maranyane o dira gore go nne le tumelo e e seng boammaruri ya gore lefatshe la Botswana le wetswe ke kapoko e le lantlha<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260730175555/https://economist.com.na/69693/health/new-covid-19-variant-detected-in-botswana-namibia-busy-doing-genomic-surveillance/ "New COVID-19 variant detected in Botswana, Namibia busy doing genomic surveillance".] ''Namibia Economist''. 2022-04-14. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Moranang a le masome mabedi - komiti ya kgololesego ya babegadikgang ba Botswana e a tlhamiwa<ref>Mlilo, Portia (2022-04-21). [https://thevoicebw.com/botswana-media-freedom-committee-launched-2/ "Botswana Media Freedom Committee launched".] ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Moranang a le masome mabedi le motso - tautona wa pele Khama o bilediwa fa pele ga kgotlatshekelo go bo a tshotse ditlhobolo tse di seng ka fa molaong.<ref>[https://www.africanews.com/2022/04/21/former-botswana-president-faces-criminal-charges/ "Former Botswana president faces criminal charges".] ''Africanews''. 2022-04-21. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> === Motsheganong === Motsheganong a le lesome le borataro - kompone ya lookwane lwa lefatshe la Botswana e supa kgatlhego ya yone ya go aga sefetlha motlakase wa magala wa dibilone di le pedi le botlhano.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/botswana-plans-25-bln-coal-to-liquids-plant-cut-fuel-imports-2022-05-16/ "Botswana plans $2.5 bln coal-to-liquids plant to cut fuel imports".] ''Reuters''. 2022-05-16. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> Motsheganong a le masome a mabedi le motso - batho ba le babedi  ba bolawa mo kotsing kwa moepong wa selefera le kopore.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/work-suspended-botswanas-khoemacau-copper-mine-after-accident-kills-two-2022-05-21/ "Work suspended at Botswana's Khoemacau copper mine after accident kills two".] ''Reuters''. 2022-05-21. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> Seetebosigo a rogwa - [[Andrew Motsomi]] o thapiwa e le mookamedi wa Debswana.<ref>[https://www.africaintelligence.com/southern-africa-and-islands/2022/06/08/debswana-hopes-new-outsider-md-will-bring-the-shine-back-to-its-diamond-business,109790440-art "Debswana hopes new, outsider MD will bring the shine back to its diamond business".] ''Africa Intelligence''. 2022-06-08. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> Seetebosigo a le masome a mabedi le bone - komiti ya diolimpiki ya Botswana e simolola lenaneo la metshameko ya botshelo la banana.<ref>Iveson, Ali (2022-06-24). [https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1124858/botswana-national-olympic-committee "Botswana NOC starts Sport for Life project with administrators' training course".] ''www.insidethegames.biz''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> === Phukwi === * Phukwi ** Moitseanape wa megare Madisa Mine o itsise fa lefatshe la Botswana le fitlheletse dikgele tse lenaneo le le kopanetsweng la [[United Nations General Assembly|United Nations]] la HIV/AIDS 95-95-95 kwa bokopanong jwa masome a mabedi le bone jwa mafatshefatshe jwa HIV/AIDS.<ref>Haseltine, William A. "[https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamhaseltine/2022/08/17/an-end-to-hiv-in-botswana-why-cant-we-accomplish-the-same-in-the-us/ An End To HIV In Botswana, Why Can't We Accomplish The Same In The US?"]. ''Forbes''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> ** Kompone ya Botswana Diamonds e simolola go epa kwa porojekeng ya noka ya Thorny.<ref>[https://www.mining.com/subscribe-login/?id=1095542 "Botswana Diamonds kicks off drilling at Thorny River's high-grade area".] ''Mining.com''. 2022-07-18. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi - motabogi [[Nijel Amos|Nigel Amos]] o seegelwa kwa thoko mo mabelong a mafatshefatshe morago ga gore maduo a tlhatlhobo ya gagwe ya ditagi a boe a supa fa a na le ditagi.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/botswanas-amos-suspended-doping-ahead-world-championships-2022-07-13/ "Botswana's Amos suspended for doping ahead of World Championships".] ''Reuters''. 2022-07-13. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> === Phatwe === * Phatwe ** Setlhopha sa Caprivi se se tshwenyegileng se tsisa tautona Masisi le moeteledipele wa sesole [[Placid Segokgo]] kwa kgotlatshekelong ya mafatshefatshe mabapi le dipolao tsa banna ba kwa Namibia ba le bane kwa molelwaneng wa Botswana le Namibia.<ref>Tjitemisa, Kuzeeko (2022-08-18). [https://neweralive.na/masisi-reported-to-icc-over-nchindo-killings-4/ "Masisi reported to ICC over Nchindo killings".] ''New Era Live''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> ** Lefatshe la Botswana le emisa thekiso ya nama ka ntlha ya go tlhagoga ga bolwetse jwa tlhako le molomo.<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni (2022-10-17). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-17/botswana-resumes-beef-exports-to-eu-after-foot-and-mouth-ban "Botswana Resumes Beef Exports to EU After Foot-and-Mouth Ban".] ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Phatwe a le malatsi a mararo - lekgetho la Botswana la dithoto le fokodiwa go tswa kwa go 14% go ya kwa go 12% ka nakwana.<ref>[https://businessweekly.co.bw/columns/tax-your-pockets/of-14-12-0-vat-post-03-08-22 "Of 14%, 12% & 0% VAT post 03.08.22".] ''The Business Weekly & Review''. 2022-08-09. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> === Lwetse === * Lwetse - palamente e tlhomamisa go tlhamiwa ga lekgotla la bobegadikgang go laola bobegadikgang.<ref>Harber, Anton (2022-09-28). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-09-28-botswana-media-practitioner-act-is-a-threat-to-freedom-of-the-media/ "Botswana Media Practitioner Act is a threat to freedom of the media".] ''Daily Maverick''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Lwetse a robabongwe - molelwane wa Botswana le Namibia e nna molelwane o o butsweng.<ref>Williams, Chad. [https://iol.co.za/news/africa/2022-09-09-namibia-and-botswana-to-abolish-the-use-of-passports-between-the-two-countries/ "Namibia and Botswana to abolish the use of passports between the two countries".] ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> === Phalane === * Phalane - mafatshe a Botswana le Namibia a nna le tumalano ya go busiwa ga magolegwa<ref>[https://www.namibian.com.na/?page=archive-read&id=6225209 "Namibia and Botswana agree to exchange prisoners".] ''The Namibian''. 2022-10-28. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Phalane a le lesome le borobabobedi - lefatshe la Botswana le tlosa dikiletso tsa mesepele tsa batho ba ba tsayang maeto go ya mafatsheng a sele<ref>[https://www.crisis24.com/risk-alerts "Botswana: Authorities remove COVID-19 entry restrictions as of Oct. 18".] ''Crisis24''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Phalane a le masome mabedi le bone go tsena a le masome mabedi le borataro - bokopano jwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi jwa boeteledipele jwa bojanala mo Aforika bo tshwarelwa mo Gaborone.<ref>Obinna, Emelike (2022-11-06). [https://businessday.ng/art-and-travel/article/african-tourism-on-spotlight-at-atlf-2022/ "African tourism on spotlight at ATLF 2022".] ''BusinessDay''. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Phalane a le masome mararo le motso- Kompone ya Tsodilo Resources e sekisa lephata la ditswammung, phefo e e babalesegileng le tshireletso ya kgothetso mabapi le go ntshafadiwa ga diteseletso<ref>Bulbulia, Tasneem (2022-11-07). [https://www.miningweekly.com/article/tsodilo-initiates-legal-action-against-botswana-ministry-2022-11-07 "Tsodilo initiates legal action against Botswana Ministry".] ''Mining Weekly''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> === Ngwanatsele === * Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a mararo - sefetlha motlakase sa boremelelo sa koporase ya motlakase se senyegile, mo go bakang dikgago tsa motlakase mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni (2022-11-04). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-04/power-cuts-hit-botswana-after-main-generation-plant-fails "Power Cuts Hit Botswana After Main Generation Plant Fails".] ''Bloomberg.com''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Ngwanatsele a le malatsi. a mane - tautona Masisi o amogela mogakolodi wa kwa [[Saudi Arabia]] Ahmed bin Abdulaziz Qattan mo Gaborone<ref>[https://www.arabnews.com/node/2193861/saudi-arabia "Saudi minister meets with President of Botswana in Gaborone".] ''Arab News''. 2022-11-04. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Ngwanatsele a le lesome le motso - kompone ya Orange S.A e simolola mafaratlhatlha a 5G mo Botswana, e le a ntlha mo Aforika.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/orange-launches-first-african-5g-network-botswana-2022-11-11/ "Orange launches first African 5G network in Botswana".] ''Reuters''. 2022-11-11. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe -  loso lwa ntlha lwa lesole la Botswana kwa Cabo Delgado.<ref>Bothoko, Pini (2022-12-02). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/botswana-records-first-combat-death/news "Botswana records first combat death".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> === Morule === * Morule - lokwalo lwa go tshwara Ian Khama le matona a mangwe a puso go bo a fitlhetswe ka ditlhobolo e se ka fa molaong lo a ntshiwa<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64124882 "Ian Khama: Botswana issues arrest warrant for former president".] ''BBC News''. 2022-12-30. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> == Dintsho == * Firikgong a le lesome le borataro - Kathleen Nono Kgafela, a le dingwaga di le masome a supa le borobabongwe, mohumagadi wa Bakgatla<ref>Selatlhwa, Innocent (2022-01-18). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/bakgatla-queen-mother-passes-on-at-79/news "Bakgatla queen mother passes on At 79".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Firikgong a le lesome le borobabongwe - Polino Baleja, motshameki wa meropa, go ema ga pelo<ref>Kaelo, Goitsemodimo (2022-01-23). [https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/showbiz-industry-pays-tribute-to-late-polino/news "Showbiz industry pays tribute to late Polino".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Tlhakole - Kgosi Maburu, a le dingwaga di le masome a mararo le boraro, seopedi; go tlhokago tsamaya sentle ga loaro lwa boboko.<ref>Kaelo, Goitsemodimo (2022-03-06). [https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/remembering-the-iconic-late-mafoko/news "Remembering the iconic late Mafoko".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Mopitlo a le malatsi a mane - Tumelo Mafoko, a le dingwaga di le masome a mane le bone, seopedi * Motsheganong - Jaqualine Tebogo Khama, a le dingwaga di le masome a supa le bobedi, morwadia tautona Seretse Khama gape e le kgaitsadie tautona Ian Khama<ref>Tlhankane, Mompati (2022-05-24). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/khama-family-mourns-eldest-kin/news "Khama family mourns eldest kin". ''M'']''megi Online''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> * Motsheganong a le malatsi a mabedi - Reuben Ketlhoilwe, a le dingwaga di le masome a marataro, mokhanselara wa kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Moselewapula, bolwetse<ref>Mkhutshwa, Lesedi (2022-05-09). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/tributes-pour-in-for-ketlhoilwe/news "Tributes pour in for Ketlhoilwe".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 30 July 2026</ref> == Metswedi == acotnjuwoopk0k2d59sazh23rmn0ik1 0 14935 54440 54391 2026-09-05T01:31:44Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54440 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Boschendal.jpg|thumb|Le Rhone House, nngwe ya dikago di le mmalwa tsa tshimologo ya lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga mo polaseng ka popego ya [[Cape Dutch]].]] '''Boschendal''' (SeDutch: ''bush le dale'') ke nngwe ya ditsha tsa mofine tsa bogologolo kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] mme e fitlhelwa magareng ga [[Franschhoek]] le [[Stellenbosch]] kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]] jwa Aforika Borwa. == Tshimologo ya Bahuguenot == Dikwalo tsa boswa jwa polasi eno di kwadilwe ka 1685. Mong wa ntlha wa lefatshe le, e bong Jean le Long, e ne e le mongwe wa setlhopha sa batshabi ba le makgolo a mabedi ba [[Ba-Huguenot ba Fora]] ba ba neng ba tshaba pogiso ya bodumedi kwa Yuropa. O ne a newa lefatshe kwa [[Cape of Good Hope]] ke [[Dutch East India Company]] ka 1688 mme lekwalo la setsha le ne la kwalwa ka 1713. Ka 1715 polase e ne ya tsewa ke Mohuguenot yo mongwe, Abraham de Villiers, yo o neng a e rekisetsa morwarraagwe e bong Jacques ka 1717. Lelapa la ga De Villiers le ne la lema go fitlha ka 1879. Ka 1812 Paul de Villiers le mosadi wa gagwe, Anna Susanna Louw, ba ne ba wetsa ntlo e ntšha kwa Boschendal mo lefelong la legae la ga rraagwe. Leno ke legae jaaka le tsosolositswe gompieno.<ref name=":0">"A Valley Emergent: Groot-Drakenstein", ka [[:en:Eric_Lloyd_Williams|Eric Lloyd Williams]], e gatisitswe ke Anglo American Corporation.</ref> Gareng ga baeng mo dingwageng tsa moragonyana tsa motlha wa ga De Villiers e ne e le Mmusi wa Borithane kwa Kapa, ​​Sir [[George Grey]], yo o neng a nna kwa Boschendal nako le nako fa a ne a etela kgaolo.<ref name=":0" /> == Dipolase tsa Maungo tsa Rhodes le tsa Maesemane a a Amerika == Ka 1887 lefelo le le ne la rekwa ke [[Cecil Rhodes]] mme ya nna karolo ya kgwebo ya gagwe ya maungo, [[Rhodes Fruit Farms]] e e fetogileng Polase ya Boschendal ya gompieno.<ref>[https://www.sahistory.org.za/place/boschendal-wine-estate-cape-town "Boschendal Wine Estate, Cape Town"]. ''South Africa History OnLine''. Retrieved Lwetse a tlhola gabedi, 2026.</ref> == Leroborobo la Phyloxera == Leroborobo la lefatshe lotlhe la [[phylloxera]], le le bakilweng ke ditshidinyana tse dinnye, tse di gogang matute, le ne la anama mo masimong a mofine a kwa Kapa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1880 le bo 1890, la senya dijwalo tsa kgaolo ya Boschendal ka 1890. Le ne la dira tshenyo e kgolo mme la dira gore temo e wele tlase pele ga go simolodisiwa ga dijwalo tsa Amerika tse di thata di le dintsi go ka thibela leroborobo leo.<ref name=":0" /> Mo nakong eo, balemi ba ne ba tlhoka mefuta e mengwe ya temothuo, mme lekala la maungo le le nang le poelo kwa California le ne la tlamela ka sekao se se tshwanetseng sa Kapa. Tiro ya matlhagolatsela e ne e dirwa ke balemi ba maungo kwa Wellington le kwa Mokgatšheng wa Noka ya Hex. Ka 1892, mogwebi wa dikepe [[Percy Molteno]] o ne a tlhama le go tlhagisa sebaka sa dithoto tse di tsidifaditsweng mo meleng ya dikepe ya Union-Castle, magareng ga Kapa le mebaraka e megolo ya bareki kwa Yuropa, e e neng ya fetola lekala mme ya dira gore thomelontle ya maungo a a ikutlwang e nne kakanyetso e e kgatlhang.<ref>Fruit and Food Technology Research Institute, Stellenbosch: ''Information Bulletin no.22.''(1971)</ref><ref>De Beer, G. ''160 Years of Export''. Cape Town: PPECB, 2003.</ref> == Rhodes le Pickstone == Harry Pickstone, Moesemane yo o nang le maitemogelo a go jala maungo kwa California, o ne a dira gore Rhodes a dumele gore go tlhokega lefelo la go godisa ditlhare tsa kgwebo go anamisa mefuta e mesha ya ditlhare tsa maungo tsa lekala. Rhodes o ne a duelela kgwebo ya gagwe ya ntlha, e leng Kompone ya go Lema Maungo ya Pioneer. Tiro ya ga Rhodes ya sepolotiki e ne e mmone a tlhatlogela go nna Tonakgolo ya Cape Colony. Fa a ne a amega mo Jameson Raid, maiteko a a sa atlegang a go menola Rephaboliki ya Maburu kwa Teransefala, o ne a sala a se na sepe se a ka se dirang fa e se go rola tiro. Ka 1896 Rhodes o ne a swetsa go beeletsa go ya pele mo temong ya maungo. Pickstone o ne a mo gakolola go reka dipolase tsa mofine tsa kgale kwa dikgaolong tsa Groot Drakenstein, Wellington le [[Stellenbosch]]. Ka Mopitlo 1897 Rhodes e ne ya bona ya ntlha mo dipolaseng tse di fetang masome mabedi, go akaretsa le Boschendal le Rhone. Go ne ga tlhomiwa batsamaisi ba basha ba le lesome le bobedi, ba bontsi jwa bone ba neng ba rutintshitswe kwa California. Ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo ya ga Pickstone ba ne ba fetola dipolase, ba tlhagisa mekgwa ya segompieno ya go poma, go tlhomela le go nosetsa, le go katisa badiri ba dipolase mo bokgoning jo boswa. Ba ne ba lema ditlhare tsa maungo a a tlhotlhoregang di le dikete tse makgolo a mabedi - dipere, diapolekose, di-plum le diperekisi. Mo sebopegong sa yone se sesha jaaka Boschendal - The Estate, "Dipolase tsa Maungo tsa Rhodes" tsa pele di tswelela go nna motswedi o mogolo wa ditiro mo baaging ba selegae.<ref>S. Stander: ''Tree of Life, The Story of Cape Fruit''. Cape Town: Saayman & Weber Ltd. 1983.</ref> == Boschendal - The Estate == Boswa jwa Boschendal bo rwesiwa korone ke ntlo ya manor ya ntlha ya [[Cape Dutch]], e e buletsweng baeng, mmogo le mafelo a a amanang le go tlhola mofine, dikgwebo tsa kapei le dikago tsa kwa ntle le dilo tse di ngokang baeti. Mo bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960 lefelo le le ne la tsewa ke [[Koporasi ya Anglo American]], pele ga le rekisiwa ka 2003 go setlhopha sa babeeletsi ba boditšhabatšhaba, se se neng se eteletswe pele ke motlhabolodi wa dithoto Clive Venning. Ka 2012 boswa le ne la rekisediwa setlhopha sa babeeletsi ba Aforika Borwa ba ba neng ba simolola lenaneo le le tseneletseng la go tsosolosa le temothuo. == Mefine == Ditshimo tsa mofine kwa Boschendal di akaretsa 2.54 km² magareng ga Groot Drakenstein le Simonsberg, mme di akaretsa dijalo tse di bonalang tsa [[Chardonnay]] le [[Sauvignon blanc]], mmogo le dijalo tsa sešweng tsa [[Cabernet Sauvignon]], [[Merlot]] le [[Shiraz]]. Bodirelo jwa mofine bo itsege thata ka mefine ya jone e mesweu e e raraaneng. Fa Anglo American e ne e tsaya bong jwa [[Dipolase tsa Maungo tsa Rhodes]] le Boschendal ka 1969 nngwe ya diporojeke tse di botlhokwa e ne e le go tlhoma gape mefuta e e farologaneng ya mefine ka fa tlase ga letshwaokgwebo la Boschendal. Ka 1978, Achim van Arnim o ne a tsaya maikarabelo a go nna Molaodi wa Dikago, a ikana go busetsa maemo a a kwa godimo a ditlhagiswa tsa Estate. Ke ka nako eo "Blanc de Noir" ( tshweu go tswa go bontsho) e neng ya tlhamiwa — mofine o mosweu wa "blush" o o dirilweng ka sejwalo se se hibidu, boitshimololedi jo bo farologanyang Mefine ya Boschendal.<ref>Boschendal Silver Book. Boschendal 2007 - ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-620-38001-0|<bdi>978-0-620-38001-0</bdi>]]. E gatisitswe ke Boschendal Limited ka tirisanommogo le Keith Phillips Ditshwantsho - 2007, [https://web.archive.org/web/20091105064826/http://www.boschendalestates.com/ebook/index.html Boschendal 2007 E-Book] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105064826/http://www.boschendalestates.com/ebook/index.html|date=5 November 2009}} link retrieved Lwetse a tlhola gabedi, 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Mafelo a ditso a Aferika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Itsholelo ya Kapa Bophirima]] [[Karolo:Badiri ba mefine ba Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Ditso tsa Huguenot kwa Aforika Borwa]] s1wycascf6n1ewr5wd627wi6onl8xdu 0 14936 54434 54392 2026-09-04T19:21:13Z Dumbassman 6831 54434 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thenjiwe''' Moseley yo o tshotsweng e le Thenjiwe Maphumulo, ka 29 Lwetse 1977 ke motshameki wa metlae wa mo Aforika Borwa, motshameki wa difilimi, moeteledipele wa meletlo le mmakgwebo yo o tswang kwa KwaMashu, Durban. Mo tirong ya gagwe, o itsiwe fela e le Thenjiwe. O tlhodile le go tshameka mo go Judge Thenjiwe Khambule le Meet the Khambules tse di neng di gasiwa mo Moja Love. Ke moemedi wa Southern Africa Embrace Foundation, Toronto le Great Impact, Durban. Gape ke mmopi wa diteng tsa YouTube e bile ke motho yo o nang le tlhotlheletso, o itsege thata ka ditshwantsho tsa gagwe tse a di romelang mo metsweding ya dikgang. == Tsa Botshelo le Thuto == Thenjiwe o belegwe ka 29 Lwetse 1977 ka nako ya tlhaolele go tswa mo batsading ba baswa, Thenene Sipho Langa le Nonhlanhla Viera Maphumulo. O godiseditswe kwa Kwamashu, G Section, KwaZulu-Natal ke rremogoloagwe e bong Joshua Bhekokwakhe Maphumulo, yo e leng molweladiphetogo wa sepolotiki, le Agnes Ntombizodwa Maphumulo, yo e leng modiri wa ntlo le moroki. Ka ntlha ya tlhakatlhakano ya sepolotiki mo nageng le go nna le seabe gwa rraagwemogolo mo kgaratlhong eno, Thenjiwe o ne a nna a tswa mo sekolong se sengwe a ya go se sengwe. O weditse thuto ya gagwe ya sekontari kwa sekolong se segolo sa Northmead mme morago a tsenela Natal Technical College (Natal Teknikon) eo jaanong e leng Durban University of Technology koo a ileng a aloga mo go tsa Botaki ka 1998. Morago ga go aloga, o ne a leta ka lefela go bona ditshono tsa go dira tiro ya gagwe ka gonne o ne a sa kgone go duelela moemedi kgotsa go ya go nna kwa Johannesburg mme ka jalo, ka 2001, o ne a ya kwa US, kwa a neng a nna dingwaga di le pedi teng, a dira jaaka mosala le bana kwa lapeng, fa a ntse a ithutela Business Management kwa Montgomery County Community College kwa Pennsylvania. Moragonyana o ne a fudugela kwa United Kingdom, a nna teng dingwaga di le 12, ka nako eo a ithutela molao, a aloga pele kwa Yunibesithing ya London ka Dipoloma ya Molao ka 2006 mme morago ga moo a bona Bachelor of Laws kwa London Metropolitan University ka 2009. == Tiro == === Mmueledi === Morago ga go aloga kwa Sekolong sa Molao, Thenjiwe o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi wa tsa bofaladi go tloga ka 2010 go fitlha ka 2015. === Modira metlae === ==== 2013-2020 ==== E ne e le fa ene le badirimmogo ba gagwe ba sena go nna le letsatsi le le monate kwa kgotlatshekelo ka 2013, fa ba ne ba ya go keteka mo ntlong ya bojalwa e e neng e tshwere moletlo wa metlae. O ne a leka go dira jalo mme o ne a dira metsotso e le metlhano mo seraleng mme o ne a lemogiwa ke mongwe yo o neng a batla batho ba ba ka kgonang go dira tiro e e rileng. Moragonyana o ne a tlogela tiro ya gagwe ka Ngwanatsele wa 2015 go tlhoma mogopolo mo tirong ya gagwe ya go dira metlae. O ne a nna le dipina mo ditlelapeng di le mmalwa. Tiragalo ya gagwe ya ntlha e ne e le kwa Wokingham Theatre. Ka 2013, o ne a gaisana mo Funny Woman Awards kwa United Kingdom, mme seno se ne sa dira gore Celeste Ntuli a mo lemoge mme a mo laletsa go nna moanelwamogolo wa one-woman show ya gagwe, Myself. Se se ne sa bula dikgoro tsa ditshono tse dintsi tsa go dira mo Afrika Borwa. Mme nako ya metsotso e le metlhano e a neng a e fiwa e ne e sa mo thuse ka madi gore a kgone go fofa gangwe le gape go tswa kwa United Kingdom. Morago ga go se tlotlwe jaaka mosadi wa setswerere sa metlae, Thenjiwe o ne a swetsa go dirisa metswedi ya dikgang go rotloetsa diteng tsa gagwe.<templatestyles src="Template:Quote_box/styles.css" /> {{-}}Ka Tlhakole 2015, o ne a tsenela YouTube, morago ga moo a romela dibidio tsa metlae tse di neng tsa dira gore a tume. Magareng ga 2015 le 2016, o ne a tlhagelela jaaka moeng wa setshego mo setlheng sa bongwe sa Bantu Hour mo SABC 2. Ka 2016, mmogo le Celeste Ntuli, Tumi Morake, Noko Moswete, Nina Hastie le Tracey-Lee Oliver, o ne a tshameka mo motshamekong wa metlae wa basadi Bitches Be Back Ka Mopitlwe 2018, o ne a tshameka kwa Magners International Comedy Festival kwa Thailand, Vietnam le The Philippines. Ka kgwedi ya Phato, o ne a etelela pele moletlo kwa Eswatini o o bidiwang Laugh Goes On[2] mme ka Sedimonthole, o ne a tshameka kwa 4th Annual Durban Comedy Festival kwa Afrika Borwa. Ka Motsheganong 2019, Thenjiwe, Mark Banks, Alfred Adriaan le Eugene Khozawas e ne e le karolo ya South African All Star Tour kwa Sydney le Perth, Australia. Moragonyana mo go yona kgwedi eo o ne a tshameka kwa Combo Comedy Show Fest kwa Carnival City.[ Ka June, o ne a dira kwa Eswatini Must Laugh comedy show kwa Eswatini. Ka Phatwe, o ne a tshameka kwa The Kings and Queens of Comedy: Women's Day Edition. ==== 20121- le ga jaana ==== Ka Moranang 2023, Thenjiwe o ne a fenya King Gong Comedy kwa The Comedy Store (London) mme ka Motsheganong, o ne a fenya The Black Out kwa Up the Creek (mokgatlho wa metlae). Ka Phatwe 2023, o ne a simolola kwa Edinburgh Festival Fringe ka setshego sa gagwe se se kgethegileng The Mandela Effect. Ka Mopitlwe 2024, o ne a tlhagisiwa ke YouTube jaaka mongwe wa bagakolodi ba lenaneo la #WomenofYouTube 2024, le le ikaeletseng go tshegetsa basadi ba ba tlhamang mo Amerika Bokone le mo Sub-Saharan Africa. Maiteko ano a ne a begiwa ke metswedi e le mmalwa ya dikgang, go akaretsa le Social Media Today [2] le Thred [3], e e neng e bua thata ka maiteko a YouTube a go rotloetsa gore basadi ba emelwe mo seraleng sa yone. Thenjiwe o ne a emela Afrika Borwa kwa World Comedy Clash, e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa Hackney Empire kwa London ka Motsheganong 2025, kwa a neng a tsenela setlhopha sa boditšhabatšhaba sa bomotlae go tswa kwa dinageng di le 11. Thenjiwe o ne a boela kwa motseng wa gaabo wa Durban ka Phukwi 2025 go ya go tshameka moletlo wa bosigo bo le bongwe o o bidiwang Thenjiwe Unplugged kwa Playhouse Theatre, a supa fa e le "go boela gae" le go tlhomamisa kamano ya gagwe le babogedi ba Afrika Borwa. Morago ga moo o ne a tsaya loeto lwa Thenjiwe Unplugged go ya kwa Eswatini, kwa a neng a tshameka kwa Eswatini Theatre Club kwa Mbabane ka Diphalane 2025, tiragalo e e tlhalosiwang jaaka "go kopana gape go go tswang mo pelong" e e solofeditseng go "tlogela babogedi ba le mo diphatleng". Pontsho e ne e na le tirisanommogo le bataki ba selegae ba ba jaaka Sandile M, Thando le Mdura, mme e ne ya akgolelwa go tswakanya metlae le dikakgelo tsa loago, go ikaegile ka maitemogelo a Thenjiwe a go nna kwa moseja, go godisiwa ga gagwe mo Afrika Borwa, le ditlhogo tsa maatla a lelapa, dikgoreletsi tsa puo le setso. Fa a boa morago ga loeto lwa gagwe lwa Mandela Effect lo lo tumileng lefatshe ka bophara le loeto lwa gagwe lwa Edinburgh Fringe lo lo neng lwa rekisiwa, o ne a bua ka tsela e e tseneletseng, a bua ka maitemogelo a a tshwanang, go akaretsa le dikgwetlho tsa leroborobo la COVID-19. Leeto la gagwe la boditšhabatšhaba le ne la tswelela kwa London ka 1 Ngwanatsele le kwa Dublin ka 2 Ngwanatsele 2025, pele a konela kwa Sed Laugh Festival kwa Lusaka, Zambia, ka 28 Ngwanatsele. Moletlo o o neng o rulagantswe ke Night of Laughter, o ne o rulaganyeditswe go tshwarelwa kwa Mulungushi International Conference Centre mme o ne o na le batshameki ba bantle ba metlae ba Maaforika. ==== metlae e e kgethegileng ==== * 2015 - ''Laughter is the Best Medicine''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Govindasamy |first=Valencia |date=13 October 2015 |title=Comedy gets a shot in the arm as Thenjiwe's solo show, 'Laughter is the Best Medicine', hits the stage |url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/daily-news-south-africa/20151013/282260959298081 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210172912/https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/daily-news-south-africa/20151013/282260959298081 |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=2023-05-13 |lang=en |via=[[PressReader]]}}</ref> * 2016 - ''Born again African''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thenjiwe: Born again African |url=https://allevents.in/durban/thenjiwe-born-again-african/329639687371619 |access-date=2019-12-10 |website=allevents.in |language=en}}</ref> * 2017 - ''Hurricane Thenjiwe''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=29 August 2017 |title=Expect a blast with 'Hurricane Thenjiwe' |url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/the-herald-south-africa/20170829/281968902819879 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-12-10 |via=PressReader}}</ref> * 2018 - ''From KwaMashu to the World'' * 2018 - ''Wrong Role Model''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thenjiwe Wrong Role Model |url=https://www.https://www.webtickets.co.za/v2/event.aspx?itemid=1483106240 |access-date=2023-08-16}}</ref> * 2019 - ''Thenjiwe Live in London'' * 2023 - ''The Mandela Effect'' <ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Thenjiwe - The Mandela Effect |url=https://www.comedy.co.uk/fringe/2023/thenjiwe.html |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=British Comedy Guide}}</ref> === Go dira === Thenjiwe o ne a simolola go tshameka jaaka Doris mo The Road ka 2015 Ka 2017, Thenjiwe o ne a tshameka mo seraleng sa thelebišene, The Harvest, jaaka Zodwa. Mo go one ngwaga oo, o ne a tshameka mo difiliming tse pedi tsa Nollywood; 10 Days in Sun City ka Seetebosigo le The Accidental Spy ka Sedimonthole. Ka 2018, o ne a tshameka jaaka Thenjiwe, Mthandazi Mvelase, moperofeti wa mosadi yo o neng a sa bereke mo Imbewu. Ka ngwaga wa 2019, o ne a tshameka mo filiming ya Afrika Borwa, Uncovered. === Moamogedi === Thenjiwe e ne e le mokhanselara wa African Union kwa Belgium le Lefapha la Kgwebo le Madirelo kwa Pretoria. Ka 2016, o ne a le motlhalosi mo lenaneong la 10 over 10 mo Vuzu. Thenjiwe o nyetse John William Moseley ka 5 Moranang 2004. Mmogo, ba na le ngwana wa mosimane, Jack Unathi Moseley, yo o belegweng ka 22 Motsheganong 2005 kwa Woking England. O nna le ba lelapa la gagwe kwa Woking, Surrey mme gantsi o etela kwa Afrika Borwa le kwa mafelong a mangwe go ya go tshameka. Thenjiwe ke moemedi wa Goodwill wa Southern Africa Embrace Foundation, Toronto le Great Impact, Durban. Thenjiwe ke mokeresete. == Filimi == === Difilimi === {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga ! Filimi ! Semelo ! Dintlha ! Nopolo |- | 2014 | ''Moengele'' | Veronika | | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Citation|title=Angel|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3626616/|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref> |- | 2014 | ''Liputsa Lami'' | Go tswa foo | | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Thenjiwe Moseley Top Secret Comedy Club Covent Garden London |url=https://thetopsecretcomedyclub.co.uk/comedians/thenjiwe-moseley/ |access-date=2019-11-27 |website=Top Secret Comedy Club |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2014 | ''Malepa a Lelapa'' | Go tswa foo | | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=":1" /> |- | 2015 | ''Brazzaville kwa Johaneseburg'' | Go tswa foo | | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=":1" /> |- | 2017 | ''Setlhodi sa phoso'' | Go tswa foo | | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Citation|title=The Accidental Spy (2017) - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt6921426/fullcredits|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref> |- | 2017 | ''Malatsi a le 10 kwa Sun City'' | Go tswa foo | | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Pictures from the set of Ay Makun's 10 Days in Sun City {{!}} Nolly Silver Screen |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/2017/02/17/pictures-from-the-set-of-ay-makuns-10-days-in-sun-city/ |access-date=2019-12-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | 2019 | E sa khurumediwa | Wewe yono | | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=12 August 2019 |title=GRIPPING LOCAL THRILLER UNCOVERED COMES TO STER-KINEKOR THIS AUGUST |url=https://www.sterkinekor.com/news/detail/3625 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-12-18 |website=Ster-Kinekor}}</ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Mabaso |first=Nanu |date=2018-10-12 |title=Film Culture in KZN gets a Boost |url=http://afropolitanexplosiv.co.za/2018/10/12/kznfilm/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-12-18 |website=Afropolitan Explosiv |language=en-US}}</ref> |} === Thelevishene === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Show !Character !Network !Notes !Citation |- |2015-2016 |''The Bantu Hour'' |Guest Comedian |SABC 2 |Season 1 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=The Bantu Hour {{!}} Season 1 {{!}} TVSA |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=3329&season=1 |access-date=2019-11-27 |website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> |- |2016 |''The Road'' |Doris |Mzansi Magic |Season 1 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=The Road {{!}} Season 1 {{!}} TVSA |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=3285&season=1 |access-date=2019-11-27 |website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> |- |2016 |''10 Over 10'' |Commentator - Herself |Vuzu, Mzansi Magic |Season 4 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=10 Over 10 {{!}} Season 4 {{!}} TVSA |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=2043&season=4 |access-date=2019-11-27 |website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> |- |2017 |''Harvest'' |Zodwa |E.tv |Her first appearance was in Season 1, Episode 2 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harvest {{!}} Season 1 {{!}} TVSA |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=5485&season=1 |access-date=2019-11-27 |website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> |- |2017 |''#Karektas'' |Celebrity Guest |SABC2 |Season 1 Episode 4 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=#Karektas {{!}} Season 1 {{!}} TVSA |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=5490&season=1 |access-date=2019-12-18 |website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> |- |2018 |''Meet the Khambules'' |Mrs. Khambule |Moja Love |Season 1 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the Khambules {{!}} Season 1 {{!}} TVSA |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=5549&season=1 |access-date=2019-11-27 |website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> |- |2018-2019 |''Imbewu: The Seed'' |Mthandazi |E.tv |Seasons 1 & 2 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Imbewu: The Seed {{!}} Season 1 {{!}} TVSA |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=5541&season=1 |access-date=2019-11-27 |website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Imbewu: The Seed {{!}} Season 2 {{!}} TVSA |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=5541&season=2 |access-date=2019-11-27 |website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> |- |2018-2019 |''Judge Thenjiwe Khambule'' |Judge Khambule |Moja Love |Seasons 1, 2 & 3 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Judge Thenjiwe Khambule {{!}} Season 1 {{!}} TVSA |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=5533&season=1 |access-date=2019-11-27 |website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Judge Thenjiwe Khambule {{!}} Season 2 {{!}} TVSA |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=5533&season=2 |access-date=2019-11-27 |website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Judge Thenjiwe Khambule {{!}} Season 3 {{!}} TVSA |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=5533&season=3 |access-date=2019-11-27 |website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> |} == Dikgele == {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga ! Kabelo ! Setlhopha ! Botso |- | 2013 | Diawate tsa Basadi ba ba Tshegisang | | Mofenyi wa makgaolakgang <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2013-09-16 |title=Funny Women Awards 2013 Finalist - Tevashnee |url=https://funnywomen.com/2013/09/16/funny-women-awards-2013-finalist-tevashnee/ |access-date=2019-12-11 |website=Funny Women |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | 2014 | Tlhopho ya Dikhomiki | Awate ya Tlhopho ya Bareetsi | {{nominated}} |- | 2017 | Diawate tsa Kgwebo tsa Diphelelo Tse Dikgolo | Motlaetsi wa Ngwaga | {{won}} |- | 2018 | Diawate tsa Simon Sabela | Modiragatsi yo Mosha yo o Gaisang wa TV || {{nominated}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/movies/simon-sabela-film-and-television-awards-2018-nominees-announced-15610159|title=Simon Sabela Film and Television Awards 2018 nominees announced {{!}} IOL Entertainment|last=Alyssia|first=Birjalal|date=21 June 2018|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-12-18}}</ref> |- | 2018 | Diawate tsa Tlhopho ya Dikhomiki tsa Savanna | Awate ya Pene ya Dikhomiki | {{nominated}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/477/179375.html|title=2018 Savanna Comics' Choice Awards nominees announced|website=www.bizcommunity.com|language=en|access-date=2019-12-15}}</ref> |- | 2018 | Batlhami ba Difilimi ba ba Tlhagelelang ba Aforika | Modiragatsi yo o Gaisang | {{won}} |- | 2018 | Batlhami ba Difilimi ba ba Tlhagelelang ba Aforika | Mokwadi yo o Gaisang wa Dikgang tsa Ntlhantlha | {{won}} |- | 2018 | Diawate tsa Simon Sabela | Motlhagisi yo o Gaisang | {{won}} |- | 2018 | Diawate tsa Simon Sabela | Mokwadi yo o Gaisang| {{won}} |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] [[Karolo:Thenjiwe]] [[Karolo:South african ac]] e4ha3s7owbwd1jk10pet7ggzkfd5pay 0 14943 54423 2026-09-04T12:15:51Z P'kaytee 12489 I'm done writing my article 54423 wikitext text/x-wiki Matseno [[Setshwantsho:Hello in different languages word cloud.jpeg|thumb|Botlhokwa jwa go Ithuta Puo e Nngwe.]] Go ithuta puo e nngwe go botlhokwa ka gonne go thusa motho go buisana le batho ba ba buang dipuo tse di farologaneng. Puo ga se sedirisiwa sa puisano fela, mme gape e amana le setso le boitshupo jwa batho. Mo Aforika Borwa, kwa go buiwang dipuo di le dintsi, go itse puo e nngwe go ka thusa batho go buisana le ditšhaba tse di farologaneng. Molaotheo wa Aforika Borwa o lemoga botlhokwa jwa dipuo tse di farologaneng mme o sireletsa dipuo tsa semmuso tsa naga. (Repaboliki ya Aforika Borwa, 1996) (Justice⁠)<ref>https://www.justice.gov.za/constitution/chp01.html</ref> Go Tokafatsa Puisano Lengwe la mabaka a botlhokwa a go ithuta puo e nngwe ke gore go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa puisano. Motho yo o itseng dipuo di feta e le nngwe o kgona go buisana le batho ba le bantsi ba ba tswang mo ditšhabeng tse di farologaneng. Seno se ka thusa kwa sekolong, yunibesithing, kwa tirong le mo botshelong jwa letsatsi le letsatsi. Go itse puo e nngwe gape go ka fokotsa go sa tlhaloganyane fa batho ba buisana. (Lefapha la Thuto ya Motheo, 2013) (South African Government⁠)<ref>https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/incremental-introduction-african-languages-policy-13-nov-2013</ref> Go Tlhaloganya Ditso Tse Dingwe Go ithuta puo e nngwe go naya motho sebaka sa go ithuta ka setso sa batho ba bangwe. Puo e golagane thata le hisitori, meetlo le boitshupo jwa setšhaba. Fa motho a ithuta puo e ntšhwa, o ka simolola go tlhaloganya tsela e batho ba ba buang puo eo ba tshelang ka yone. Seno se ka rotloetsa tlotlo, boitshoko le kutlwisiso magareng ga batho ba ditso tse di farologaneng. (UNESCO, 2025) (UNESCO⁠)<ref name=":0">https://www.unesco.org/en/languages-education</ref> Melemo mo Thutong Go itse puo e nngwe go ka thusa mo dithutong. Baithuti ba ba ithutang dipuo tse di oketsegileng ba nna le sebaka sa go ithuta le go buisana mo tikologong e e nang le dipuo tse dintsi. UNESCO e tlhalosa gore thuto ya dipuo tse dintsi e ka tokafatsa go ithuta, go akaretsa botlhe le go tsweletsa kitso le boitshupo jwa setso. Ka jalo, go ithuta puo e nngwe go ka thusa baithuti go nna le bokgoni jo bo botoka jwa go ithuta le go buisana. (UNESCO, 2025) (UNESCO⁠)<ref name=":0" /> Ditshono Tsa Tiro Go itse puo e nngwe go ka bulela motho ditsela tse dintsi tsa tiro. Mo Aforika Borwa, batho ba ba buang dipuo tse di farologaneng ba kopana mo mafelong a tiro le mo ditšhabeng. Ka jalo, motho yo o kgonang go buisana ka dipuo tse di fetang e le nngwe a ka kgona go dira sentle le batho ba ba farologaneng. Bokgoni jwa dipuo bo botlhokwa mo mafapheng a a jaaka thanolo, toloko, thuto, bojanala, metswedi ya tshedimosetso le ditirelo tsa puso. (Repaboliki ya Aforika Borwa, 2002)<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/languages-matter-global-guidance-multilingual-education</ref> Go Aga Boitshepo Go ithuta puo e nngwe go ka thusa motho go nna le boitshepo fa a bua le batho ba bangwe. Kwa tshimologong, go ka nna thata ka gonne motho o tshwanetse go ithuta mafoko a masha, go bitsa mafoko sentle le go aga dipolelo. Fa motho a nna a ikatisa, o simolola go ikutlwa a phuthologile fa a dirisa puo eo. Thuto ya dipuo tse dintsi e ka thusa baithuti go nna le boitshepo le go tsaya karolo ka matlhagatlhaga mo dithutong le mo puisanong. (UNESCO, 2024)<ref>https://articles.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2024/02/imld-2024-cn-en_0.pdf</ref> Go Rotloetsa Kutlwano Go ithuta puo e nngwe go ka thusa go aga kutlwano mo setšhabeng se se nang le ditso le dipuo tse dintsi. Fa motho a leka go ithuta puo ya motho yo mongwe, o bontsha tlotlo mo puong le mo setsong sa gagwe. Mo Aforika Borwa, go rotloetsa tiriso le tlhabololo ya dipuo tse di farologaneng go ka thusa go aga kutlwano le go nonotsha dikamano magareng ga ditšhaba. (Lefapha la Thuto ya Motheo, 2013) (South African Government⁠)<ref>https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/langpolicyfinal0.pdf</ref> '''Ditshupiso''' # Molaotheo wa Repaboliki ya Aforika Borwa – Dipuo: https://www.justice.gov.za/constitution/chp01.html # Lefapha la Thuto ya Motheo – African Languages Policy: https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/incremental-introduction-african-languages-policy-13-nov-2013 # UNESCO – Languages in Education: https://www.unesco.org/en/languages-education # Multilingual Education: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/languages-matter-global-guidance-multilingual-education # UNESCO – Why Multilingual Education Matters: https://articles.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2024/02/imld-2024-cn-en_0.pdf # Republic of South Africa. (2002). National Language Policy Framework.https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/langpolicyfinal0.pdf mwxv5gweo3h0v6n01iaceenuf5obwmq 54424 54423 2026-09-04T12:18:47Z P'kaytee 12489 Se se potlana 54424 wikitext text/x-wiki Matseno [[Setshwantsho:Hello in different languages word cloud.jpeg|thumb|Botlhokwa jwa go Ithuta Puo e Nngwe.]] Go ithuta puo e nngwe go botlhokwa ka gonne go thusa motho go buisana le batho ba ba buang dipuo tse di farologaneng. Puo ga se sedirisiwa sa puisano fela, mme gape e amana le setso le boitshupo jwa batho. Mo Aforika Borwa, kwa go buiwang dipuo di le dintsi, go itse puo e nngwe go ka thusa batho go buisana le ditšhaba tse di farologaneng. Molaotheo wa Aforika Borwa o lemoga botlhokwa jwa dipuo tse di farologaneng mme o sireletsa dipuo tsa semmuso tsa naga. (Repaboliki ya Aforika Borwa, 1996) (Justice⁠)<ref>https://www.justice.gov.za/constitution/chp01.html</ref> Go Tokafatsa Puisano Lengwe la mabaka a botlhokwa a go ithuta puo e nngwe ke gore go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa puisano. Motho yo o itseng dipuo di feta e le nngwe o kgona go buisana le batho ba le bantsi ba ba tswang mo ditšhabeng tse di farologaneng. Seno se ka thusa kwa sekolong, yunibesithing, kwa tirong le mo botshelong jwa letsatsi le letsatsi. Go itse puo e nngwe gape go ka fokotsa go sa tlhaloganyane fa batho ba buisana. (Lefapha la Thuto ya Motheo, 2013) (South African Government⁠)<ref>https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/incremental-introduction-african-languages-policy-13-nov-2013</ref> Go Tlhaloganya Ditso Tse Dingwe Go ithuta puo e nngwe go naya motho sebaka sa go ithuta ka setso sa batho ba bangwe. Puo e golagane thata le hisitori, meetlo le boitshupo jwa setšhaba. Fa motho a ithuta puo e ntšhwa, o ka simolola go tlhaloganya tsela e batho ba ba buang puo eo ba tshelang ka yone. Seno se ka rotloetsa tlotlo, boitshoko le kutlwisiso magareng ga batho ba ditso tse di farologaneng. (UNESCO, 2025) (UNESCO⁠)<ref name=":0">https://www.unesco.org/en/languages-education</ref> Melemo mo Thutong Go itse puo e nngwe go ka thusa mo dithutong. Baithuti ba ba ithutang dipuo tse di oketsegileng ba nna le sebaka sa go ithuta le go buisana mo tikologong e e nang le dipuo tse dintsi. UNESCO e tlhalosa gore thuto ya dipuo tse dintsi e ka tokafatsa go ithuta, go akaretsa botlhe le go tsweletsa kitso le boitshupo jwa setso. Ka jalo, go ithuta puo e nngwe go ka thusa baithuti go nna le bokgoni jo bo botoka jwa go ithuta le go buisana. (UNESCO, 2025) (UNESCO⁠)<ref name=":0" /> Ditshono Tsa Tiro Go itse puo e nngwe go ka bulela motho ditsela tse dintsi tsa tiro. Mo Aforika Borwa, batho ba ba buang dipuo tse di farologaneng ba kopana mo mafelong a tiro le mo ditšhabeng. Ka jalo, motho yo o kgonang go buisana ka dipuo tse di fetang e le nngwe a ka kgona go dira sentle le batho ba ba farologaneng. Bokgoni jwa dipuo bo botlhokwa mo mafapheng a a jaaka thanolo, toloko, thuto, bojanala, metswedi ya tshedimosetso le ditirelo tsa puso. (Repaboliki ya Aforika Borwa, 2002)<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/languages-matter-global-guidance-multilingual-education</ref> Go Aga Boitshepo Go ithuta puo e nngwe go ka thusa motho go nna le boitshepo fa a bua le batho ba bangwe. Kwa tshimologong, go ka nna thata ka gonne motho o tshwanetse go ithuta mafoko a masha, go bitsa mafoko sentle le go aga dipolelo. Fa motho a nna a ikatisa, o simolola go ikutlwa a phuthologile fa a dirisa puo eo. Thuto ya dipuo tse dintsi e ka thusa baithuti go nna le boitshepo le go tsaya karolo ka matlhagatlhaga mo dithutong le mo puisanong. (UNESCO, 2024)<ref>https://articles.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2024/02/imld-2024-cn-en_0.pdf</ref> Go Rotloetsa Kutlwano Go ithuta puo e nngwe go ka thusa go aga kutlwano mo setšhabeng se se nang le ditso le dipuo tse dintsi. Fa motho a leka go ithuta puo ya motho yo mongwe, o bontsha tlotlo mo puong le mo setsong sa gagwe. Mo Aforika Borwa, go rotloetsa tiriso le tlhabololo ya dipuo tse di farologaneng go ka thusa go aga kutlwano le go nonotsha dikamano magareng ga ditšhaba. (Lefapha la Thuto ya Motheo, 2013) (South African Government⁠)<ref>https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/langpolicyfinal0.pdf</ref> '''Ditshupiso''' # Molaotheo wa Repaboliki ya Aforika Borwa – Dipuo: https://www.justice.gov.za/constitution/chp01.html # Lefapha la Thuto ya Motheo – African Languages Policy: https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/incremental-introduction-african-languages-policy-13-nov-2013 # UNESCO – Languages in Education: https://www.unesco.org/en/languages-education # Multilingual Education: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/languages-matter-global-guidance-multilingual-education # UNESCO – Why Multilingual Education Matters: https://articles.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2024/02/imld-2024-cn-en_0.pdf # Republic of South Africa. (2002). National Language Policy Framework.https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/langpolicyfinal0.pdf s2obqri4b6h0r6xlvkuzfhjnafhcq4i 54425 54424 2026-09-04T17:41:19Z P'kaytee 12489 I'm done writing my article 54425 wikitext text/x-wiki Matseno [[Setshwantsho:Hello in different languages word cloud.jpeg|thumb|Botlhokwa jwa go Ithuta Puo e Nngwe.]] Go ithuta puo e nngwe go botlhokwa ka gonne go thusa motho go buisana le batho ba ba buang dipuo tse di farologaneng. Puo ga se sedirisiwa sa puisano fela, mme gape e amana le setso le boitshupo jwa batho. Mo Aforika Borwa, kwa go buiwang dipuo di le dintsi, go itse puo e nngwe go ka thusa batho go buisana le ditšhaba tse di farologaneng. Molaotheo wa Aforika Borwa o lemoga botlhokwa jwa dipuo tse di farologaneng mme o sireletsa dipuo tsa semmuso tsa naga. (Repaboliki ya Aforika Borwa, 1996) (Justice⁠)<ref>https://www.justice.gov.za/constitution/chp01.html</ref> Go Tokafatsa Puisano Lengwe la mabaka a botlhokwa a go ithuta puo e nngwe ke gore go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa puisano. Motho yo o itseng dipuo di feta e le nngwe o kgona go buisana le batho ba le bantsi ba ba tswang mo ditšhabeng tse di farologaneng. Seno se ka thusa kwa sekolong, yunibesithing, kwa tirong le mo botshelong jwa letsatsi le letsatsi. Go itse puo e nngwe gape go ka fokotsa go sa tlhaloganyane fa batho ba buisana. (Lefapha la Thuto ya Motheo, 2013) (South African Government⁠)<ref>https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/incremental-introduction-african-languages-policy-13-nov-2013</ref> Go Tlhaloganya Ditso Tse Dingwe Go ithuta puo e nngwe go naya motho sebaka sa go ithuta ka setso sa batho ba bangwe. Puo e golagane thata le hisitori, meetlo le boitshupo jwa setšhaba. Fa motho a ithuta puo e ntšhwa, o ka simolola go tlhaloganya tsela e batho ba ba buang puo eo ba tshelang ka yone. Seno se ka rotloetsa tlotlo, boitshoko le kutlwisiso magareng ga batho ba ditso tse di farologaneng. (UNESCO, 2025) (UNESCO⁠)<ref name=":0">https://www.unesco.org/en/languages-education</ref> Melemo mo Thutong Go itse puo e nngwe go ka thusa mo dithutong. Baithuti ba ba ithutang dipuo tse di oketsegileng ba nna le sebaka sa go ithuta le go buisana mo tikologong e e nang le dipuo tse dintsi. UNESCO e tlhalosa gore thuto ya dipuo tse dintsi e ka tokafatsa go ithuta, go akaretsa botlhe le go tsweletsa kitso le boitshupo jwa setso. Ka jalo, go ithuta puo e nngwe go ka thusa baithuti go nna le bokgoni jo bo botoka jwa go ithuta le go buisana. (UNESCO, 2025) (UNESCO⁠)<ref name=":0" /> Ditshono Tsa Tiro Go itse puo e nngwe go ka bulela motho ditsela tse dintsi tsa tiro. Mo Aforika Borwa, batho ba ba buang dipuo tse di farologaneng ba kopana mo mafelong a tiro le mo ditšhabeng. Ka jalo, motho yo o kgonang go buisana ka dipuo tse di fetang e le nngwe a ka kgona go dira sentle le batho ba ba farologaneng. Bokgoni jwa dipuo bo botlhokwa mo mafapheng a a jaaka thanolo, toloko, thuto, bojanala, metswedi ya tshedimosetso le ditirelo tsa puso. (Repaboliki ya Aforika Borwa, 2002)<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/languages-matter-global-guidance-multilingual-education</ref> Go Aga Boitshepo Go ithuta puo e nngwe go ka thusa motho go nna le boitshepo fa a bua le batho ba bangwe. Kwa tshimologong, go ka nna thata ka gonne motho o tshwanetse go ithuta mafoko a masha, go bitsa mafoko sentle le go aga dipolelo. Fa motho a nna a ikatisa, o simolola go ikutlwa a phuthologile fa a dirisa puo eo. Thuto ya dipuo tse dintsi e ka thusa baithuti go nna le boitshepo le go tsaya karolo ka matlhagatlhaga mo dithutong le mo puisanong. (UNESCO, 2024)<ref>https://articles.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2024/02/imld-2024-cn-en_0.pdf</ref> Go Rotloetsa Kutlwano Go ithuta puo e nngwe go ka thusa go aga kutlwano mo setšhabeng se se nang le ditso le dipuo tse dintsi. Fa motho a leka go ithuta puo ya motho yo mongwe, o bontsha tlotlo mo puong le mo setsong sa gagwe. Mo Aforika Borwa, go rotloetsa tiriso le tlhabololo ya dipuo tse di farologaneng go ka thusa go aga kutlwano le go nonotsha dikamano magareng ga ditšhaba. (Lefapha la Thuto ya Motheo, 2013) (South African Government⁠)<ref>https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/langpolicyfinal0.pdf</ref> '''Ditshupiso''' # Molaotheo wa Repaboliki ya Aforika Borwa – Dipuo: https://www.justice.gov.za/constitution/chp01.html # Lefapha la Thuto ya Motheo – African Languages Policy: https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/incremental-introduction-african-languages-policy-13-nov-2013 # UNESCO – Languages in Education: https://www.unesco.org/en/languages-education # Multilingual Education: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/languages-matter-global-guidance-multilingual-education # UNESCO – Why Multilingual Education Matters: https://articles.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2024/02/imld-2024-cn-en_0.pdf # Republic of South Africa. (2002). National Language Policy Framework.https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/langpolicyfinal0.pdf 01esw1pllkezes7wucbk5qitikpc4ad 54426 54425 2026-09-04T17:43:56Z P'kaytee 12489 Se se potlana 54426 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Botlhokwa jwa go Ithuta Puo e Nngwe''' Matseno [[Setshwantsho:Hello in different languages word cloud.jpeg|thumb|Botlhokwa jwa go Ithuta Puo e Nngwe.]] Go ithuta puo e nngwe go botlhokwa ka gonne go thusa motho go buisana le batho ba ba buang dipuo tse di farologaneng. Puo ga se sedirisiwa sa puisano fela, mme gape e amana le setso le boitshupo jwa batho. Mo Aforika Borwa, kwa go buiwang dipuo di le dintsi, go itse puo e nngwe go ka thusa batho go buisana le ditšhaba tse di farologaneng. Molaotheo wa Aforika Borwa o lemoga botlhokwa jwa dipuo tse di farologaneng mme o sireletsa dipuo tsa semmuso tsa naga. (Repaboliki ya Aforika Borwa, 1996) (Justice⁠)<ref>https://www.justice.gov.za/constitution/chp01.html</ref> Go Tokafatsa Puisano Lengwe la mabaka a botlhokwa a go ithuta puo e nngwe ke gore go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa puisano. Motho yo o itseng dipuo di feta e le nngwe o kgona go buisana le batho ba le bantsi ba ba tswang mo ditšhabeng tse di farologaneng. Seno se ka thusa kwa sekolong, yunibesithing, kwa tirong le mo botshelong jwa letsatsi le letsatsi. Go itse puo e nngwe gape go ka fokotsa go sa tlhaloganyane fa batho ba buisana. (Lefapha la Thuto ya Motheo, 2013) (South African Government⁠)<ref>https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/incremental-introduction-african-languages-policy-13-nov-2013</ref> Go Tlhaloganya Ditso Tse Dingwe Go ithuta puo e nngwe go naya motho sebaka sa go ithuta ka setso sa batho ba bangwe. Puo e golagane thata le hisitori, meetlo le boitshupo jwa setšhaba. Fa motho a ithuta puo e ntšhwa, o ka simolola go tlhaloganya tsela e batho ba ba buang puo eo ba tshelang ka yone. Seno se ka rotloetsa tlotlo, boitshoko le kutlwisiso magareng ga batho ba ditso tse di farologaneng. (UNESCO, 2025) (UNESCO⁠)<ref name=":0">https://www.unesco.org/en/languages-education</ref> Melemo mo Thutong Go itse puo e nngwe go ka thusa mo dithutong. Baithuti ba ba ithutang dipuo tse di oketsegileng ba nna le sebaka sa go ithuta le go buisana mo tikologong e e nang le dipuo tse dintsi. UNESCO e tlhalosa gore thuto ya dipuo tse dintsi e ka tokafatsa go ithuta, go akaretsa botlhe le go tsweletsa kitso le boitshupo jwa setso. Ka jalo, go ithuta puo e nngwe go ka thusa baithuti go nna le bokgoni jo bo botoka jwa go ithuta le go buisana. (UNESCO, 2025) (UNESCO⁠)<ref name=":0" /> Ditshono Tsa Tiro Go itse puo e nngwe go ka bulela motho ditsela tse dintsi tsa tiro. Mo Aforika Borwa, batho ba ba buang dipuo tse di farologaneng ba kopana mo mafelong a tiro le mo ditšhabeng. Ka jalo, motho yo o kgonang go buisana ka dipuo tse di fetang e le nngwe a ka kgona go dira sentle le batho ba ba farologaneng. Bokgoni jwa dipuo bo botlhokwa mo mafapheng a a jaaka thanolo, toloko, thuto, bojanala, metswedi ya tshedimosetso le ditirelo tsa puso. (Repaboliki ya Aforika Borwa, 2002)<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/languages-matter-global-guidance-multilingual-education</ref> Go Aga Boitshepo Go ithuta puo e nngwe go ka thusa motho go nna le boitshepo fa a bua le batho ba bangwe. Kwa tshimologong, go ka nna thata ka gonne motho o tshwanetse go ithuta mafoko a masha, go bitsa mafoko sentle le go aga dipolelo. Fa motho a nna a ikatisa, o simolola go ikutlwa a phuthologile fa a dirisa puo eo. Thuto ya dipuo tse dintsi e ka thusa baithuti go nna le boitshepo le go tsaya karolo ka matlhagatlhaga mo dithutong le mo puisanong. (UNESCO, 2024)<ref>https://articles.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2024/02/imld-2024-cn-en_0.pdf</ref> Go Rotloetsa Kutlwano Go ithuta puo e nngwe go ka thusa go aga kutlwano mo setšhabeng se se nang le ditso le dipuo tse dintsi. Fa motho a leka go ithuta puo ya motho yo mongwe, o bontsha tlotlo mo puong le mo setsong sa gagwe. Mo Aforika Borwa, go rotloetsa tiriso le tlhabololo ya dipuo tse di farologaneng go ka thusa go aga kutlwano le go nonotsha dikamano magareng ga ditšhaba. (Lefapha la Thuto ya Motheo, 2013) (South African Government⁠)<ref>https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/langpolicyfinal0.pdf</ref> '''Ditshupiso''' # Molaotheo wa Repaboliki ya Aforika Borwa – Dipuo: https://www.justice.gov.za/constitution/chp01.html # Lefapha la Thuto ya Motheo – African Languages Policy: https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/incremental-introduction-african-languages-policy-13-nov-2013 # UNESCO – Languages in Education: https://www.unesco.org/en/languages-education # Multilingual Education: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/languages-matter-global-guidance-multilingual-education # UNESCO – Why Multilingual Education Matters: https://articles.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2024/02/imld-2024-cn-en_0.pdf # Republic of South Africa. (2002). National Language Policy Framework.https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/langpolicyfinal0.pdf gcehw6jdw42svokpjz5flnh8gvkwspj 0 14944 54429 2026-09-04T18:28:25Z P'kaytee 12489 I have created a reference 54429 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:MTV Music 2015.png|thumb|Kamego ya Mmino mo Basheng]] Kamego ya Mmino mo Basheng Matseno Mmino ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya botshelo jwa basha ba le bantsi. Basha ba o reetsa go itumela, go iketla le go itlhalosa. Mmino o ka ama maikutlo a bona, tsela e ba iponang ka yone, setso sa bona le dikamano tsa bona le batho ba bangwe. Ka ntlha ya gore mmino o bonwa motlhofo mo mekgannyeng ya dijithale, o na le seabe se segolo mo botshelong jwa letsatsi le letsatsi jwa basha. (Boer & Abubakar, 2014)<ref name=":0">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4021113//</ref> Mmino le Maikutlo Mmino o ka fetola kgotsa wa ama maikutlo a motho. Basha ba ka reetsa mmino fa ba itumetse, ba hutsafetse kgotsa ba batla go iketla. Mmino gape o ka ba thusa go bontsha maikutlo a ba ka nnang ba thatafalelwa ke go a tlhalosa ka mafoko. Dipatlisiso di bontsha gore go reetsa mmino go ka amana le boitekanelo jwa maikutlo le botsalano. (Boer & Abubakar, 2014)<ref name=":1">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24847296//</ref> Mmino le Boitshupo Mmino o ka thusa basha go tlhalosa gore ke bomang le gore ba rata eng. Mmino o ba o ratang o ka amana le botho, maitemogelo le ditlhopha tse ba ikutlwang ba le karolo ya tsona. Ka dinako dingwe, basha ba dirisa mmino go bontsha boitshupo jwa bona le go ikutlwa ba amana le batho ba bangwe ba ba ratang mmino o o tshwanang. (Reddick & Beresin, 2002)<ref name=":2">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867430</ref> Mmino le Setso Mmino o na le kamano e kgolo le setso. O ka dirisiwa go boloka le go fetisa dipuo, meetlo, ditumelo le hisitori ya ditšhaba. Mo Aforika Borwa, mmino wa dipuo le ditso tse di farologaneng o naya basha sebaka sa go ithuta le go anaanela setso sa bona le sa batho ba bangwe. Ka jalo, mmino o ka thusa go boloka ngwao le boitshupo jwa setšhaba. (Nguyen & Ferguson, 2019)<ref name=":3">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30891925/⁠/</ref> Mmino le Dikamano tsa Loago Mmino o ka kopanya basha le go ba thusa go aga botsalano. Basha ba ba ratang mmino o o tshwanang ba ka nna le dilo tse ba di abelanang, mme seno se ka dira gore go nne motlhofo go aga botsalano. Dipatlisiso di bontsha gore go tshwana mo dikgethong tsa mmino go ka nna le seabe mo go bopeng botsalano jwa basha. (Selfhout et al., 2009)<ref name=":4">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18164756//</ref> Ditlamorago tse di Sa Siamang Le fa mmino o na le melemo e mentsi, mefuta mengwe ya mmino e ka nna le melaetsa e basha ba tlhokang go e sekaseka ka kelotlhoko. Mmino mongwe o ka bua ka boitshwaro jo bo sa siamang kgotsa dikgang tse di thata. Le fa go ntse jalo, go reetsa mmino o o rileng ga go reye gore mosha o tla latela sengwe le sengwe se se buiwang mo mminong oo, ka gonne maitsholo a motho a tlhotlhelediwa ke dilo tse dintsi, go akaretsa lelapa, ditsala le tikologo. (Reddick & Beresin, 2002)<ref name=":5">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867430//</ref> Bokhutlo Mmino o na le seabe se segolo mo matshelong a basha. O ka ama maikutlo, boitshupo, setso le dikamano tsa bona le batho ba bangwe. Gape o ka thusa basha go ikutlwa ba amogetswe le go nna karolo ya setlhopha se se rileng. Ka jalo, basha ba tshwanetse go itumelela mmino mme gape ba nne kelotlhoko mo melaetseng e ba e utlwang mo mminong. (Boer & Abubakar, 2014)<ref name=":6">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4021113//</ref> Ditshupetso 1. Boer, D., & Abubakar, A. (2014). Music listening in families and peer groups: Benefits for young people’s social cohesion and emotional well-being across four cultures. Frontiers in Psychology. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4021113//<ref name=":0" /> 2. Boer, D., & Abubakar, A. (2014). Music listening in families and peer groups. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24847296//<ref name=":1" /> 3. Reddick, B. H., & Beresin, E. V. (2002). Rebellious Rhapsody: Metal, Rap, Community, and Individuation. Academic Psychiatry.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867430/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867430]<ref name=":2" /> 4. Nguyen, J., & Ferguson, G. M. (2019). A Global Cypher: The Role of Hip Hop in Cultural Identity Construction and Navigation for Southeast Asian American Youth. Child Development. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30891925/⁠/<ref name=":3" /> 5. Selfhout, M. H. W., et al. (2009). The role of music preferences in early adolescents’ friendship formation and stability. Journal of Adolescence. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18164756//<ref name=":4" /> 6. Reddick, B. H., & Beresin, E. V. (2002). Rebellious Rhapsody: Metal, Rap, Community, and Individuation. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867430//<ref name=":5" /> 7. Boer, D., & Abubakar, A. (2014). Music listening in families and peer groups. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4021113//<ref name=":6" /> fbbz6k3fz6ifdixswuyqsxu29hzxhqz 54430 54429 2026-09-04T18:29:03Z P'kaytee 12489 I'm done writing my article 54430 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:MTV Music 2015.png|thumb|Kamego ya Mmino mo Basheng]] '''Kamego ya Mmino mo Basheng.''' Matseno Mmino ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya botshelo jwa basha ba le bantsi. Basha ba o reetsa go itumela, go iketla le go itlhalosa. Mmino o ka ama maikutlo a bona, tsela e ba iponang ka yone, setso sa bona le dikamano tsa bona le batho ba bangwe. Ka ntlha ya gore mmino o bonwa motlhofo mo mekgannyeng ya dijithale, o na le seabe se segolo mo botshelong jwa letsatsi le letsatsi jwa basha. (Boer & Abubakar, 2014)<ref name=":0">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4021113//</ref> Mmino le Maikutlo Mmino o ka fetola kgotsa wa ama maikutlo a motho. Basha ba ka reetsa mmino fa ba itumetse, ba hutsafetse kgotsa ba batla go iketla. Mmino gape o ka ba thusa go bontsha maikutlo a ba ka nnang ba thatafalelwa ke go a tlhalosa ka mafoko. Dipatlisiso di bontsha gore go reetsa mmino go ka amana le boitekanelo jwa maikutlo le botsalano. (Boer & Abubakar, 2014)<ref name=":1">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24847296//</ref> Mmino le Boitshupo Mmino o ka thusa basha go tlhalosa gore ke bomang le gore ba rata eng. Mmino o ba o ratang o ka amana le botho, maitemogelo le ditlhopha tse ba ikutlwang ba le karolo ya tsona. Ka dinako dingwe, basha ba dirisa mmino go bontsha boitshupo jwa bona le go ikutlwa ba amana le batho ba bangwe ba ba ratang mmino o o tshwanang. (Reddick & Beresin, 2002)<ref name=":2">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867430</ref> Mmino le Setso Mmino o na le kamano e kgolo le setso. O ka dirisiwa go boloka le go fetisa dipuo, meetlo, ditumelo le hisitori ya ditšhaba. Mo Aforika Borwa, mmino wa dipuo le ditso tse di farologaneng o naya basha sebaka sa go ithuta le go anaanela setso sa bona le sa batho ba bangwe. Ka jalo, mmino o ka thusa go boloka ngwao le boitshupo jwa setšhaba. (Nguyen & Ferguson, 2019)<ref name=":3">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30891925/⁠/</ref> Mmino le Dikamano tsa Loago Mmino o ka kopanya basha le go ba thusa go aga botsalano. Basha ba ba ratang mmino o o tshwanang ba ka nna le dilo tse ba di abelanang, mme seno se ka dira gore go nne motlhofo go aga botsalano. Dipatlisiso di bontsha gore go tshwana mo dikgethong tsa mmino go ka nna le seabe mo go bopeng botsalano jwa basha. (Selfhout et al., 2009)<ref name=":4">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18164756//</ref> Ditlamorago tse di Sa Siamang Le fa mmino o na le melemo e mentsi, mefuta mengwe ya mmino e ka nna le melaetsa e basha ba tlhokang go e sekaseka ka kelotlhoko. Mmino mongwe o ka bua ka boitshwaro jo bo sa siamang kgotsa dikgang tse di thata. Le fa go ntse jalo, go reetsa mmino o o rileng ga go reye gore mosha o tla latela sengwe le sengwe se se buiwang mo mminong oo, ka gonne maitsholo a motho a tlhotlhelediwa ke dilo tse dintsi, go akaretsa lelapa, ditsala le tikologo. (Reddick & Beresin, 2002)<ref name=":5">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867430//</ref> Bokhutlo Mmino o na le seabe se segolo mo matshelong a basha. O ka ama maikutlo, boitshupo, setso le dikamano tsa bona le batho ba bangwe. Gape o ka thusa basha go ikutlwa ba amogetswe le go nna karolo ya setlhopha se se rileng. Ka jalo, basha ba tshwanetse go itumelela mmino mme gape ba nne kelotlhoko mo melaetseng e ba e utlwang mo mminong. (Boer & Abubakar, 2014)<ref name=":6">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4021113//</ref> Ditshupetso 1. Boer, D., & Abubakar, A. (2014). Music listening in families and peer groups: Benefits for young people’s social cohesion and emotional well-being across four cultures. Frontiers in Psychology. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4021113//<ref name=":0" /> 2. Boer, D., & Abubakar, A. (2014). Music listening in families and peer groups. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24847296//<ref name=":1" /> 3. Reddick, B. H., & Beresin, E. V. (2002). Rebellious Rhapsody: Metal, Rap, Community, and Individuation. Academic Psychiatry.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867430/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867430]<ref name=":2" /> 4. Nguyen, J., & Ferguson, G. M. (2019). A Global Cypher: The Role of Hip Hop in Cultural Identity Construction and Navigation for Southeast Asian American Youth. Child Development. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30891925/⁠/<ref name=":3" /> 5. Selfhout, M. H. W., et al. (2009). The role of music preferences in early adolescents’ friendship formation and stability. Journal of Adolescence. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18164756//<ref name=":4" /> 6. Reddick, B. H., & Beresin, E. V. (2002). Rebellious Rhapsody: Metal, Rap, Community, and Individuation. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867430//<ref name=":5" /> 7. Boer, D., & Abubakar, A. (2014). Music listening in families and peer groups. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4021113//<ref name=":6" /> 1a9z0e4vlhza8ocfchz25xa8y7s4f7v 0 14945 54432 2026-09-04T18:38:42Z Reagoleboga 10854 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364308669|Ugali]]" 54432 wikitext text/x-wiki Ugali, gape e itsiwe jaaka posho, nsima, papa, pap, bogobe, sadza, isitshwala, akume, amawe, ewokple, akple, le maina a mangwe, ke mofuta wa dijo tsa mmidi tse di dirilweng ka mmidi kgotsa bupi jwa mahindi mo dinageng di le mmalwa tsa Aforika: Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Lesotho, Eswatini, Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Malawi, Botswana le Aforika Borwa, le kwa Aforika Bophirima ke Ewes ya Togo, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria le Ivory Coast. E apewa mo metsing a a belang kgotsa mashi go fitlha e nna thata kgotsa e nna thata e tshwana le boupe. Ka 2017, sejana se ne sa tsenngwa mo Lenaaneng la UNESCO la Ngwao-Boswa jwa Setso jwa Batho, e le sengwe sa dijo di le mmalwa mo lenaaneng. == Maina == Sejo se se jewa thata go ralala Afrika, koo se nang le maina a a farologaneng a selegae: == Puo e e Tlholegang == Lefoko ugali ke lefoko la Seaforika le le tswang mo puong ya Seswahili; gape le itsiwe thata e le nsima mo dipuong tsa kwa Malawi tse di jaaka Se-Chichewa le Se-Chitumbuka. Kwa dikarolong dingwe tsa Kenya, sejo seno se bidiwa sembe kgotsa ugali. Kwa Zimbabwe e itsege jaaka sadza ka Chishona kgotsa isitshwala ka SeNdebele. Leina la Afrikaans (mielie) pap le tswa mo SeDutch, mo lefoko le le rayang "mofoka wa mmidi". [[Setshwantsho:Night_ugali.jpg|thumb| Basadi ba Yawo ba baakanyetsa kopano e kgolo ya ugali]] Ugali e ne ya tlisiwa mo Aforika ka bonako fela morago ga gore Bapotokisi ba tlise mmidi. Mmidi o ne wa tlisiwa mo Aforika go tswa kwa Amerika mo lekgolong la bo16 le la bo17 la dingwaga. Pele ga moo, sorghum le millet e ne e le dijo tsa ditlhaka tsa konokono mo dikarolong tse dintsi tsa Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara. Balemirui ba Afrika ba ne ba amogela mmidi ka bonako ka gonne o ne o lengwa ka tsela e e tshwanang le ya sorghum mme o ntsha thobo e ntsi thata. Kgabagare, mmidi o ne wa emisetsa sorghum jaaka sejalo se segolo sa dithoro mo dikgaolong tsotlhe kwantle ga tse di omeletseng. Go emisediwa ka botlalo ga dijalo tseno ka mmidi go diragetse mo sephatlong sa bobedi sa lekgolo la bo 20 la dingwaga. Kwa Malawi, ba na le seane se se reng "chimanga ndi moyo" se se rayang gore "mmidi ke botshelo". Nshima/nsima e santse e dirwa ka dinako dingwe go tswa mo foloureng ya sorghum le fa gone go sa tlwaelega go e bona. Cassava, e le yone e neng ya tlisiwa go tswa kwa Amerika, e ka dirisiwa go dira nshima/nsima, e le yosi fela kgotsa e kopantswe le bupi jwa mmidi. Kwa Malawi nsima e e dirilweng ka cassava (chinangwa) e fitlhelwa fela mo mafelong a a fa lotshitshing lwa letsha; le fa go ntse jalo, fa thobo ya mmidi e le kwa tlase, cassava nsima e ka fitlhelwa mo nageng yotlhe. == Mefuta == === Dinoka tse kgolo tsa Aforika === Ugali (fa e apeilwe jaaka mmidi, e bidiwa uji) e jewa le ditapole tse di botshe, dipanana tse di buduleng, ditapole tsa Se-Ireland tota le senkgwe. Ugli o o tiileng gantsi o jewa le merogo ya setso, setofo kgotsa sukuma wiki (e e itsegeng gape ka leina la collard greens). Ke setatšhe se se tlwaelegileng se se tlhagelelang mo dijong tsa selegae tsa kgaolo ya African Great Lakes le Borwa jwa Aforika. Fa ugali e dirilwe ka setatšhe se sengwe, gantsi e fiwa leina le le rileng la kgaolo. Mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng wa go ja ugali (e bile e tlwaelegile thata kwa metseselegaeng) ke go o mena ka seatla sa moja o bo o o dira kgwele mme o bo o o ina mo motsweding kgotsa mo setlhatshaneng sa merogo kgotsa nama. Go dira kgogomodumo ka monwana go letla ugali go sela, le go phuthela dikarolwana tsa nama go di phutha ka tsela e e tshwanang le e senkgwe se se sephaphathi se dirisiwang ka yone mo ditsong tse dingwe. Ugali e e setseng e ka jewa le tee mo mosong o o latelang. Ugali ga e je madi a mantsi mme ka jalo e bonwa motlhofo ke batho ba ba humanegileng, ba gantsi ba e kopanya le nama kgotsa merogo e e gadikilweng (sekao, sukuma wiki kwa Kenya) go dira dijo tse di monate. Ugali e motlhofo go e dira, mme fa e dirilwe ka tsela e e tlwaelegileng, bupi jwa yone bo kgona go nna lobaka lo loleele. [[Setshwantsho:Tuo_zaafi.jpg|thumb| ''Tuo zaafi'']] [[Setshwantsho:A_woman_stirring_TZ.jpg|thumb| Mosadi a tlhotlheletsa ''sagtulga'']] [[Setshwantsho:Tuo_Zaafi_and_ayoyo_soup.jpg|thumb| Sopo ya ''Tuo zaafi'' le ''ya ayoyo'']] Sagtulga (Dagbani: saɣituliga, Hausa: tuo zaafi), kgotsa diehuo, ke sejo se se ratwang thata ke batho ba Ghana. Sagtulga ke sejo se segolo se se jewang se na le sopo e e tshwanang le sopo ya okro. E tlwaelegile thata kwa dikgaolong tse di kwa bokone tsa naga: Bokone, Botlhaba jo bo kwa Godimo, le Bophirima jo bo kwa Godimo. Gantsi sejo seno se jewa ka nako ya dijo tsa maitseboa, le fa go ntse jalo, batho bangwe (sekai, balemirui le badiri) ba se ja ka nako ya dijo tsa mo mosong kgotsa tsa motshegare. Gantsi e jewa le matlhare a Corchorus olitorius (Dagbani: salinvogu, Hausa: ayoyo, molokai) le okro (Abelmoschus esculentus) [citation needed] e e nang le sejo se se apeilweng fa thoko. Sejo seno se dirilwe ka bupi jwa mmidi jo bo apeilweng le bupi jwa cassava jo bo omisitsweng le metsi a a senang letswai. [1] Ka tlwaelo, e apewa ka kgogo ya millet, e e tlholegileng kwa bokone jwa Ghana. E jewa thata le sopo ya merogo e tala e e dirilweng ka matlhare a a bogale, kgotsa ka dinako tse dingwe matlhare a cassava a a sa tswang go thubiwa. E ka jewa le disopo tse di farologaneng, go akaretsa okra le sopo ya matonkomane. === Kenya === Mo setsong sa Luhya, ke setatšhe se se tlwaelegileng thata, mme gape ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dingwao tsa manyalo tsa Luhya; obusuma e e dirilweng ka millet (e e itsegeng e le obusuma bwo bule) e ne e akarediwa mo dijong tse di monate mo tafoleng e e kwa godimo ya monyadiwa. Obusuma gape e ka dirwa go tswa mo ditumong tse dingwe jaaka sorghum kgotsa cassava (obusuma bwo 'muoko). Obusuma gantsi e jewa le tsimboka, kgotsa etsiswa, eliani (merogo), inyama (nama), inyeni (tlhapi), thimena (whitebait) kgotsa omrere (matlhare a jute). Mo baeng ba ba tlotlegang, gantsi se jewa ka ingokho (koko). [[Setshwantsho:Eating_Ugali_in_Kenya.jpg|thumb| Go ja ugali kwa Kenya]] Ugali e dirwa ka mmidi o mosweu o o sitsweng, fela jaaka go dirwa tamales ka mmidi o o serolwana kwa Amerika Bogare. Mo malapeng a le mantsi ugali ke yone e jewang thata, mme e jewa le merogo kgotsa nama. Mo malapeng a a humileng, kgotsa ka dinako tse di kgethegileng, ugali e jewa le merogo e mentsi e e monate le nama e e tsentsweng motswako o o monate. E tshwana le mosumo wa ditapole o o jewang mo magaeng a kwa Amerika. Kwa Kenya, motho o tshwara sekotwana sa ugali e e bokete mo seatleng a bo a gatelela monwana wa gagwe mo gare go dira leswana le le tla dirisediwang go tlhafuna sejana sa selefera se se jewang. Le fa gone menwana e ka nna ya tlhakatlhakana fa go dirisiwa mokgwa ono, tsela eno ya go ja dijo e botlhokwa thata mo lefelong leno. === Malawi, Zambia === [[Setshwantsho:Nsima_Relishes.JPG|thumb| Nsima ( kwa godimo ka letsogo la moja) ke dijo tse tharo]] Nsima ke sejo se se dirilweng ka bupi jwa mmidi (bupi jwa mmidi jo bosweu) le metsi mme ke sejo sa konokono kwa Zambia (nsima/ubwali) le Malawi (nsima). Folouru ya mmidi e bedisiwa pele ka metsi go dira boupe, mme, kwa Zambia, e tlogelwa go gadika metsotso e le mmalwa pele e 'tlhakangwa', go dira sere se se bokete ka go tlaleletsa ka folouru e ntsi. Tsamaiso e e tlhoka gore modiri a goge motswako o o bokima mo letlhakoreng la pitsa ka leswana la logong (nthiko kwa Malawi, m'tiko/umwiko kwa Zambia) ka bonako fa o ntse o dutse mo godimo ga molelo. Fa e setse e apeilwe, e a kgaoganngwa ka go dirisa leswana la logong le polasetiki le le inetsweng mo metsing kgotsa le le tshasitsweng ka oli le le bidiwang chipande (kwa Malawi) le chipampa (kwa Zambia). Kwa Malawi nngwe le nngwe ya dikarolo tseno e bidiwa ntanda. Folouru ya mmidi e bedisiwa pele ka metsi go dira mmidi,[1] mme, kwa Zambia, e tlogelwa go gadika metsotso e le mmalwa pele e 'tlhakangwa', go dira sere se se bokete ka go tlaleletsa ka folouru e ntsi. Tsamaiso e e tlhoka gore modiri a goge motswako o o bokima mo letlhakoreng la pitsa ka leswana la logong (nthiko kwa Malawi, m'tiko/umwiko kwa Zambia) ka bonako fa o ntse o dutse mo godimo ga molelo. Fa e setse e apeilwe, e a kgaoganngwa ka go dirisa leswana la logong le polasetiki le le inetsweng mo metsing kgotsa le le tshasitsweng ka oli le le bidiwang chipande (kwa Malawi) le chipampa (kwa Zambia). Kwa Malawi nngwe le nngwe ya dikarolo tseno e bidiwa ntanda. Nako le nako Nsima e jewa mmogo le dijo tse dingwe, tse di itsegeng e le "relish". Tseno e ka nna di-mushroom jaaka kabansa, tente, chitondo, le ichikolowa; metswedi ya poroteine jaaka nama ya phologolo, nama ya kgomo, nama ya kgomo, tlhapi, matonkomane, chikanda, dinawa; le merogo jaaka matlhare a mokolane, matlhare a dinawa, mae a tshingwana a masweu a a itsegeng jaaka impwa kwa Zambia (seno ke maungo a mannye a a bopegileng jaaka solanum a masweu), matlhare a amarante, matlhare a mosetara, khabetšhe, jj. Kwa Zambia, dijo tse di jewang di bidiwa ndiyo ka Se-Nyanja/Se-Chewa le umunani ka Se-Bemba. Ndiwo kwa Malawi e kaya dijo tsa poroteine mme tse di nang le merogo tsone di bidiwa masamba. Dijo tse di nang le poroteine gantsi di jewa di gadikilwe kgotsa di apeilwe jaaka sejo se se modumo. Kwa Malawi le Zambia, gantsi nsima e jewa le tlhapi e e omisitsweng (utaka, Malawi) kgotsa merogo e e omisitsweng. Dipepere tse di bolelo kgotsa ditswaiso tse di jaaka di-hot pepper sauce tse di itiretsweng mo gae tse di tswang kwa peri-peri kgotsa Kambuzi chili peppers kgotsa di-chilli sauce tse di rekisiwang jaaka Nali Sauce gantsi di jewa le dijo tsa nshima Ka tlwaelo, batho ba ba jang ba nna go dikologa tafole kgotsa fa fatshe go dikologa dijo. Ba ba jang ba tshwanetse go tlhapa diatla ka gore nshima/nsima e jewa ka diatla fela. Seno se dirwa ka mogopo wa metsi. Mo boemong jwa moo, mong wa ntlo kana mongwe wa basha ba ba leng teng o tshela metsi a a tswang mo nkgwaneng mo sejaneng a a tshela mo diatleng tsa bagolwane kana tsa baeng. Motho o ja ka go tsenya kgolokwe e nnye mo seatleng sa moja, a e pitikolola gore e nne kgwele a bo a e ina mo go yone. Go dirisa monwana o mogolo wa moja go tsenya kgwele ya nshima ke mokgwa o o dirisiwang ke batho ba ba jang kwa nshima ba ba nang le maitemogelo gore ba kgone go tlhapa monate wa sejo seo motlhofo. Kwa Zambia, umuto (puo ya Se-Bemba) e kaya go rotha/mogote/sese ya dijo tse di tsentsweng fa thoko kgotsa mofufutso; mme tiro ya go kgetla selekanyo se se lekaneng sa one ka bolo ya nshima e bidiwa inkondwa. Polelwana e e reng, "umuto wankondwa" fa e ranolwa fela e raya "sose e e dirang gore go nne le inkondwa". Fela jaaka go ntse ka dingwao di le dintsi tsa Seaforika, dingwaga di botlhokwa thata. Go tlhapa pele ga dijo, go ja, le go tlhapa morago ga dijo gantsi go simololwa ke motho yo mogolo go ba feta botlhe, go latelwa ke ba bangwe botlhe ka go latelana go ya ka dingwaga tsa bone. Nsima e tlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase e bile e ka kgona go duelwa ke bontsi jwa batho, le fa gone ka dinako tse dingwe ditlhwatlhwa di ile tsa tlhatloga ka ntlha ya go tlhaela ga dijo, e leng se se dirileng gore ikonomi le dipolotiki di se ka tsa tlhomama. === Nigeria === Kwa Nigeria, akamu, ogi kgotsa koko di tshwana le pudding ya Amerika. E bidiwa "pap" mo Seesemaneng sa kwa Nigeria. Ogi/akamu kwa Nigeria gantsi e jewa mmogo le "moin moin", pudding ya dinawa, kgotsa "akara", e leng kuku ya dinawa. Gape go na le mofuta o o motona, o Ba-Yoruba ba o bitsang eko mme Ba-Igbos bone ba o bitsa agidi. Puding e apewa mo molelong o o mogote go fitlha e nna thata. Ka tlwaelo e phuthetswe ka matlhare ka leina la botanical Thaumatococcus daniellii. Ba Yoruba ba e bitsa ewe eran fa Ba Igbos ba e bitsa akwukwo elele.[ Gantsi e jewa mmogo le disopo tsa merogo le disoso tse di farologaneng e le dijo tse di motlhofo kgotsa e ka jewa le dinawa kgotsa dilo tse dingwe tse di tswang mo go tsone. Pap, /ˈpʌp/, gape e itsiwe jaaka mieliepap (Seaforikanse for maize porridge) mo Aforika Borwa, ke porridge ya setso e e tshwanang le polenta le dijo tsa motheo tsa batho ba Aforika Borwa ya Aforika (lefoko la Sejakolobe pap le tserwe go tswa go Sedutch mme le kaya fela "porridge") e e dirilweng go tswa go mielie-meal (mmidi o o silweng ka bokete). Dijo tse dintsi tsa setso tsa Aforika Borwa di akaretsa pap, jaaka mmidi o o borethe wa mmidi (o gape o bidiwang slap pap kgotsa soft porridge), pap e e nang le boteng jo bo tseneletseng jo bo ka tshwarwang mo seatleng (stywe pap kgotsa firm porridge) le phuthu pap e e omileng e e phatlogang (Seaforikanse: krummelpap). Dijo tsa Phuthu gantsi di fitlhelwa mo mafelong a a gaufi le lotshitshi lwa Aforika Borwa. Go ka dirisiwa mefuta e e farologaneng ya dijo tse di monate tse di dirilweng ka merogo e metala, e e tsentsweng motswako wa chili. MaAforika Borwa a kwa dikarolong tse di kwa bokone tsa Aforika Borwa ba e ja jaaka sejo sa mo mosong, ka mashi, botoro, le sukiri, mme gape ba e ja le nama le tomate e e apeilweng (gantsi tamati le onion) mo dijong tse dingwe. Fa ba ja braai, bogobe kgotsa stywe (e e thata) pap e e nang le motswako o o monate jaaka tamati le onion kgotsa mushroom ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo. Phutu pap ka tlwaelo e jewa le boerewors, motswako oo moragonyana o neng wa itsege jaaka pap en wors (o gape o bidiwang "pap en vleis", o o ka akaretsang nama e nngwe e e gadikilweng kgotsa e e gadikilweng). Kwa Cape Province ya Aforika Borwa, e bonwa e le dijo tsa sefitlholo fela. E re ka dijo tsa mielie di sa je madi a mantsi, batho ba ba humanegileng ba di ja le merogo. E ka jewa e le mogote kgotsa e ka gadikwa fa e sena go tsidifala. Phutu porridge ka dinako dingwe e jewa le chakalaka jaaka sejo se se fa thoko le braais. Kwa diporofenseng tsa bokone pap gantsi e boleta mme e dirwa ka go dirisa bupi jwa mmidi jo bo bedisitsweng, jo bo thibelang pap go senyega ka bonako ka gore diporofenseng tsa bokone go mogote go feta kwa borwa. Uphuthu ke mokgwa wa Aforika Borwa wa ho pheha mielie-meal eo ka yona sehlahiswa sa ho qetela e leng dijo tse nang le sebopeho se setle se kang sa koro e teteaneng e atisang ho jewa le meroho le nama, KwaZulu-Natal le Eastern Cape dibakeng tsa Aforika Borwa kapa e le naledi ya sejana le amasi kapa maas dibakeng tsa Gauteng. Ditso dingwe di tswakanya sukiri le uphuthu le amasi go dira dijo tse di botshe tse di tshwanang le mabele; le fa go ntse jalo, mmidi o o dirilweng ka mmidi o jewa fela jaaka amasi. Phuthu kgotsa Uphuthu (/ˈpʊtuː/), e e sa kwalwang sentle jaaka putu kgotsa phutu, ke mokgwa wa tlwaelo wa go apaya dijo tsa mmidi mo dijong tsa Aforika Borwa. Ke mofuta o o phatlogileng kgotsa o o nang le dithoro, o o jewang ke ditlhopha di le dintsi tsa setso mo Aforika Borwa. Phuthu gantsi e jewa le nama, dinawa, sose le mashi a a bedisitsweng. Gantsi tsela e sejo sa uphuthu se bopegileng ka yone le tsela e se dirilweng ka yone ke tsone tse di dirang gore se jewe ka tsela e e rileng. Sekao, amasi kgotsa maas gantsi e apewa ka phuthu e e nang le popego e e bothitho, fa e le gore di-stew le di-curry gantsi di apewa ka mefuta e e nang le popego e e bokete, e sekametse thata mo go nneng le popego e e thata. Phuthu e e bopegileng sentle e na le mokgwa wa go omelela thata (go omelela), go ikaegile ka bokgoni jwa moapei mo go direng sejana. Phuthu e e ntseng jalo e e tlhaelang metsi thata gantsi e ne e jewa mmogo le dijo tse di apeilweng, merogo e e nang le matlhare le dijo tse dingwe tse dintsi tse di monate tse di nang le bongola. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, phuthu e e ntseng jalo e e senang metsi ga e kitla e siamela sejo sa amasi kgotsa maas, ka gonne go e inela kgotsa go e tsenya mo metsing go tla dira gore sejo seo se nne jaaka sephuthelwana, fa amasi yone e tshwanetse go nna e e tlhafunwang. === Zimbabwe === [[Setshwantsho:People_cooking_Pap_(food)_(Phaleche)_7.jpg|thumb| Monna le mosadi ba apaya sadza kwa [[Botswana]] ( Moletlo wa ngwao [[Domboshaba|wa Domboshaba]] 2017)]] Sadza ka Setswana kgotsa isitshwala ka SeNdebele ke dijo tsa mmidi tse di apeilweng tse e leng dijo tsa motheo kwa Zimbabwe. Sadza e dirwa ka mmidi o o omisitsweng o o silweng sentle/mmidi wa mmidi (mealie-meal). Sejo seno sa mmidi se bidiwa impuphu ka Se-Ndebele kgotsa hupfu ka Se-Shona. Le mororo mmidi e le sejalo se se rekwang kwa Zimbabwe (c. 1890), e setse e le motswedi o mogolo wa dikhabohaetereite e bile e le dijo tse di rategang thata mo bathong ba koo. Batho ba lefelo leo ba reka dijo tseno kwa mabenkeleng kgotsa ba di itirela ka mmidi wa bone. Batho ba kwa Zimbabwe ba rata dijo tsa mmidi o mosweu. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka dinako tsa leuba kgotsa tsa mathata, ba ne ba simolola go ja dijo tse di dirilweng ka mmidi o mohibidu, o ka dinako tse dingwe o bidiwang "Kenya", ka gonne o kile wa bo o rekwa kwa nageng eo. Pele ga mmidi o simolola go tlhagisiwa, sadza e ne e dirwa ka mmidi wa mapfunde. Mo nakong e e sa tswang go feta, basha ba kwa Zimbabwe ba rata go ja raese go na le sadza kgotsa isitshwala. [ Tafadzwa Musarara, Modulasetilo wa Bosetšhaba wa Grain Millers Association of Zimbabwe (GMAZ) o ne a tlhalosa gore setlhopha sa badiri sa mo isagweng se tlile go ja sadza e nnye le raese le borotho jaaka ditsela tse dingwe. Gantsi sadza e jewa ka dijana tse di farologaneng, mme ka tlwaelo sadza e jewa mo mogopong o o kopanetsweng, e leng ngwao e e sa ntseng e tshegediwa ke malapa mangwe segolobogolo kwa metseselegaeng. Ka tlwaelo e jewa ka letsogo la moja ntle le thuso ya didiriswa tsa go ja, gantsi e phuthelwa mo kgwele pele e inelwa mo mefuteng e e farologaneng ya dinoko jaaka sose/gravy, mashi a a tsididi, kgotsa merogo e e gadikilweng. Dijo tse di itsegeng tse di jewang ka sadza di akaretsa: Nama e bidiwa nyama ka Se-Shona. * [[:en:Red_meat|Red meat]] – includes [[:en:Beef|beef]], [[:en:Mutton|mutton]], goat and [[:en:Game_meat|game meat]] * [[:en:Cow_hoof|Cow hoof]] – mazondo, amanqgina * [[:en:Oxtail|Oxtail]] * Other foods including intestine ([[:en:Tripe|tripe]]), [[:en:Offal|offal]], zvemukati (includes mathumbu, maphaphu, isibindi, utwane, ulusu, umbendeni; in Shona known as matumbu), sun-dried vegetables known as mfushwa and many more * [[:en:White_meat|White meat]] – includes huku – chicken meat, fish * [[:en:Fish_as_food|Fish]] (hove in Shona), including the small dried fish [[:en:Kapenta|kapenta]] * [[:en:Gonimbrasia_belina|Mopane worms/madora]] – edible moth caterpillar * [[:en:Spring_greens|Spring greens]] – known as imibhida in the Ndebele language, muriwo in the Shona language * [[:en:Phaseolus_lunatus|Sugar beans]] – known as nyemba in Shona * [[:en:Cabbage|Cabbage]] * [[:en:Derere|Derere]] – [[:en:Okra|okra]] * ''[[:en:Cleome_gynandra|Cleome gynandra]]'' (ulude in Ndebele)/nyevhe in Shona * [[:en:Pumpkin|Pumpkin]] – leaves known as muboora in Shona * [[:en:Soured_milk|Soured milk]] natural yogurt (known as [[:en:Amasi|amasi]] in Ndebele or [[:en:Nguni_languages|Nguni languages]] in [[:en:South_Africa|South Africa]], mukaka wakakora in [[:en:Shona_language|Shona]], or lacto) * [[:en:Soya_chunks|Soya chunks]] * Soups and stews Dijo tse di tshwanang le tseo ke polenta go tswa kwa bokone jwa Italy, gh'omi go tswa kwa Georgia, le grits go tswa kwa borwa jwa United States. Fufu, e leng dijo tse di dirilweng ka setatšhe tse di tswang kwa Afrika Bophirima le Bogare, le yone e ka dirwa ka bupi jwa mmidi, mme fa go ntse jalo e ka nna ya bidiwa mmidi wa fufu. Kwa Caribbean, dijo tse di tshwanang le tseo ke cou-cou (Barbados), funchi (Curaçao le Aruba), le funjie (Virgin Islands). E itsege jaaka funche mo Puerto Rican cuisine le mayi moulin mo Haitian cuisine. Dijo tse di tshwanang le pap di akaretsa banku, isidudu, le umngqusho. == Ditshwantsho == <gallery> Setshwantsho:Ugali_and_cabbage.jpg|alt=Ugali and cabbage| Ugali le khabetšhe Setshwantsho:Phutu.jpg|alt=Phutu, pictured with tomato-based relish in the foreground| Phutu, a le mo setshwantshong a na le senkgwe se se monate sa ditamati kwa pele Setshwantsho:Goat_Offal.JPG|alt=A meal of sadza (right), greens, and goat offal. The goat's small intestines are wrapped around small pieces of large intestines before cooking.| Dijo tsa sadza (kafa mojeng), merogo le nama ya podi. Mateng a podi a a tshesane a phuthelwa mo dikarolong tse dinnye tsa mala a magolo pele ga a apewa. Setshwantsho:Yawo_food_staples_-_ugali_and_usipa.jpg|alt=Ugali and usipa (small fish), staples of the Yawo people of the African Great Lakes| Ugali le usipa (ditlhapi tse dinnye), ke dijo tsa konokono tsa Ba-Yawo ba ba nnang kwa Metseng e Megolo ya Aforika. </gallery> == Bona gape == * Chapati * Cornmeal * List of African dishes * List of maize dishes * List of porridges * List of soups * Malawian cuisine * Moin moin * Mămăliga * Tuareg food == Metswedi == == Go buisetsa go ya pele == Dibuka tse di latelang, tse di diragalang kwa Zimbabwe, di bua ka batho ba ba jang dijo tsa kwa Zimbabwe, sadza: Dangarembga, Tsitsi (1988). Malwetse a go Tshwenyega Thata mo Maikutlong. Ayebia Clark Publishing. ke padi e e buang ka botshelo jwa lelapa la kwa Rhodesia morago ga bokoloniale jwa Rhodesia (e jaanong e leng Zimbabwe), ka dingwaga tsa bo1960.Mo bukeng ya ga Douglas Rogers ya The Last Resort: A Memoir of Zimbabwe (September 2009), Naomi, mosadi mongwe yo o godileng wa Mo-Malawi yo Rogers a mmitsang "Mm. John", o tlisa monna wa gagwe, John Muranda, John yo mongwe, John Agoneka, le Rogers ba tshotse dikgamelo tsa sadza e e bothitho, e Rogers a tlhalosang gore "Mm. John o apaya letsatsi le letsatsi mo molelong wa dikgong kwa ntle ga legae la ga Murandas. (Crown/Random House, LLC, ASIN: B002PXFYIS, Kgaolo 4, tsebe 23). [[Karolo:Bogobe]] [[Karolo:Ugali]] r46mgv0xedn89v40r2ene8f69q19qis 54433 54432 2026-09-04T19:18:48Z Dumbassman 6831 54433 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ugali''', gape e itsiwe jaaka posho, nsima, papa, pap, bogobe, sadza, isitshwala, akume, amawe, ewokple, akple, le maina a mangwe, ke mofuta wa dijo tsa mmidi tse di dirilweng ka mmidi kgotsa bupi jwa mahindi mo dinageng di le mmalwa tsa Aforika: Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Lesotho, Eswatini, Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Malawi, Botswana le Aforika Borwa, le kwa Aforika Bophirima ke Ewes ya Togo, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria le Ivory Coast. E apewa mo metsing a a belang kgotsa mashi go fitlha e nna thata kgotsa e nna thata e tshwana le boupe. Ka 2017, sejana se ne sa tsenngwa mo Lenaaneng la UNESCO la Ngwao-Boswa jwa Setso jwa Batho, e le sengwe sa dijo di le mmalwa mo lenaaneng. == Maina == Sejo se se jewa thata go ralala Afrika, koo se nang le maina a a farologaneng a selegae: == Puo e e Tlholegang == Lefoko ugali ke lefoko la Seaforika le le tswang mo puong ya Seswahili; gape le itsiwe thata e le nsima mo dipuong tsa kwa Malawi tse di jaaka Se-Chichewa le Se-Chitumbuka. Kwa dikarolong dingwe tsa Kenya, sejo seno se bidiwa sembe kgotsa ugali. Kwa Zimbabwe e itsege jaaka sadza ka Chishona kgotsa isitshwala ka SeNdebele. Leina la Afrikaans (mielie) pap le tswa mo SeDutch, mo lefoko le le rayang "mofoka wa mmidi". [[Setshwantsho:Night_ugali.jpg|thumb| Basadi ba Yawo ba baakanyetsa kopano e kgolo ya ugali]] Ugali e ne ya tlisiwa mo Aforika ka bonako fela morago ga gore Bapotokisi ba tlise mmidi. Mmidi o ne wa tlisiwa mo Aforika go tswa kwa Amerika mo lekgolong la bo16 le la bo17 la dingwaga. Pele ga moo, sorghum le millet e ne e le dijo tsa ditlhaka tsa konokono mo dikarolong tse dintsi tsa Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara. Balemirui ba Afrika ba ne ba amogela mmidi ka bonako ka gonne o ne o lengwa ka tsela e e tshwanang le ya sorghum mme o ntsha thobo e ntsi thata. Kgabagare, mmidi o ne wa emisetsa sorghum jaaka sejalo se segolo sa dithoro mo dikgaolong tsotlhe kwantle ga tse di omeletseng. Go emisediwa ka botlalo ga dijalo tseno ka mmidi go diragetse mo sephatlong sa bobedi sa lekgolo la bo 20 la dingwaga. Kwa Malawi, ba na le seane se se reng "chimanga ndi moyo" se se rayang gore "mmidi ke botshelo". Nshima/nsima e santse e dirwa ka dinako dingwe go tswa mo foloureng ya sorghum le fa gone go sa tlwaelega go e bona. Cassava, e le yone e neng ya tlisiwa go tswa kwa Amerika, e ka dirisiwa go dira nshima/nsima, e le yosi fela kgotsa e kopantswe le bupi jwa mmidi. Kwa Malawi nsima e e dirilweng ka cassava (chinangwa) e fitlhelwa fela mo mafelong a a fa lotshitshing lwa letsha; le fa go ntse jalo, fa thobo ya mmidi e le kwa tlase, cassava nsima e ka fitlhelwa mo nageng yotlhe. == Mefuta == === Dinoka tse kgolo tsa Aforika === Ugali (fa e apeilwe jaaka mmidi, e bidiwa uji) e jewa le ditapole tse di botshe, dipanana tse di buduleng, ditapole tsa Se-Ireland tota le senkgwe. Ugli o o tiileng gantsi o jewa le merogo ya setso, setofo kgotsa sukuma wiki (e e itsegeng gape ka leina la collard greens). Ke setatšhe se se tlwaelegileng se se tlhagelelang mo dijong tsa selegae tsa kgaolo ya African Great Lakes le Borwa jwa Aforika. Fa ugali e dirilwe ka setatšhe se sengwe, gantsi e fiwa leina le le rileng la kgaolo. Mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng wa go ja ugali (e bile e tlwaelegile thata kwa metseselegaeng) ke go o mena ka seatla sa moja o bo o o dira kgwele mme o bo o o ina mo motsweding kgotsa mo setlhatshaneng sa merogo kgotsa nama. Go dira kgogomodumo ka monwana go letla ugali go sela, le go phuthela dikarolwana tsa nama go di phutha ka tsela e e tshwanang le e senkgwe se se sephaphathi se dirisiwang ka yone mo ditsong tse dingwe. Ugali e e setseng e ka jewa le tee mo mosong o o latelang. Ugali ga e je madi a mantsi mme ka jalo e bonwa motlhofo ke batho ba ba humanegileng, ba gantsi ba e kopanya le nama kgotsa merogo e e gadikilweng (sekao, sukuma wiki kwa Kenya) go dira dijo tse di monate. Ugali e motlhofo go e dira, mme fa e dirilwe ka tsela e e tlwaelegileng, bupi jwa yone bo kgona go nna lobaka lo loleele. [[Setshwantsho:Tuo_zaafi.jpg|thumb| ''Tuo zaafi'']] [[Setshwantsho:A_woman_stirring_TZ.jpg|thumb| Mosadi a tlhotlheletsa ''sagtulga'']] [[Setshwantsho:Tuo_Zaafi_and_ayoyo_soup.jpg|thumb| Sopo ya ''Tuo zaafi'' le ''ya ayoyo'']] Sagtulga (Dagbani: saɣituliga, Hausa: tuo zaafi), kgotsa diehuo, ke sejo se se ratwang thata ke batho ba Ghana. Sagtulga ke sejo se segolo se se jewang se na le sopo e e tshwanang le sopo ya okro. E tlwaelegile thata kwa dikgaolong tse di kwa bokone tsa naga: Bokone, Botlhaba jo bo kwa Godimo, le Bophirima jo bo kwa Godimo. Gantsi sejo seno se jewa ka nako ya dijo tsa maitseboa, le fa go ntse jalo, batho bangwe (sekai, balemirui le badiri) ba se ja ka nako ya dijo tsa mo mosong kgotsa tsa motshegare. Gantsi e jewa le matlhare a Corchorus olitorius (Dagbani: salinvogu, Hausa: ayoyo, molokai) le okro (Abelmoschus esculentus) [citation needed] e e nang le sejo se se apeilweng fa thoko. Sejo seno se dirilwe ka bupi jwa mmidi jo bo apeilweng le bupi jwa cassava jo bo omisitsweng le metsi a a senang letswai. [1] Ka tlwaelo, e apewa ka kgogo ya millet, e e tlholegileng kwa bokone jwa Ghana. E jewa thata le sopo ya merogo e tala e e dirilweng ka matlhare a a bogale, kgotsa ka dinako tse dingwe matlhare a cassava a a sa tswang go thubiwa. E ka jewa le disopo tse di farologaneng, go akaretsa okra le sopo ya matonkomane. === Kenya === Mo setsong sa Luhya, ke setatšhe se se tlwaelegileng thata, mme gape ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dingwao tsa manyalo tsa Luhya; obusuma e e dirilweng ka millet (e e itsegeng e le obusuma bwo bule) e ne e akarediwa mo dijong tse di monate mo tafoleng e e kwa godimo ya monyadiwa. Obusuma gape e ka dirwa go tswa mo ditumong tse dingwe jaaka sorghum kgotsa cassava (obusuma bwo 'muoko). Obusuma gantsi e jewa le tsimboka, kgotsa etsiswa, eliani (merogo), inyama (nama), inyeni (tlhapi), thimena (whitebait) kgotsa omrere (matlhare a jute). Mo baeng ba ba tlotlegang, gantsi se jewa ka ingokho (koko). [[Setshwantsho:Eating_Ugali_in_Kenya.jpg|thumb| Go ja ugali kwa Kenya]] Ugali e dirwa ka mmidi o mosweu o o sitsweng, fela jaaka go dirwa tamales ka mmidi o o serolwana kwa Amerika Bogare. Mo malapeng a le mantsi ugali ke yone e jewang thata, mme e jewa le merogo kgotsa nama. Mo malapeng a a humileng, kgotsa ka dinako tse di kgethegileng, ugali e jewa le merogo e mentsi e e monate le nama e e tsentsweng motswako o o monate. E tshwana le mosumo wa ditapole o o jewang mo magaeng a kwa Amerika. Kwa Kenya, motho o tshwara sekotwana sa ugali e e bokete mo seatleng a bo a gatelela monwana wa gagwe mo gare go dira leswana le le tla dirisediwang go tlhafuna sejana sa selefera se se jewang. Le fa gone menwana e ka nna ya tlhakatlhakana fa go dirisiwa mokgwa ono, tsela eno ya go ja dijo e botlhokwa thata mo lefelong leno. === Malawi, Zambia === [[Setshwantsho:Nsima_Relishes.JPG|thumb| Nsima ( kwa godimo ka letsogo la moja) ke dijo tse tharo]] Nsima ke sejo se se dirilweng ka bupi jwa mmidi (bupi jwa mmidi jo bosweu) le metsi mme ke sejo sa konokono kwa Zambia (nsima/ubwali) le Malawi (nsima). Folouru ya mmidi e bedisiwa pele ka metsi go dira boupe, mme, kwa Zambia, e tlogelwa go gadika metsotso e le mmalwa pele e 'tlhakangwa', go dira sere se se bokete ka go tlaleletsa ka folouru e ntsi. Tsamaiso e e tlhoka gore modiri a goge motswako o o bokima mo letlhakoreng la pitsa ka leswana la logong (nthiko kwa Malawi, m'tiko/umwiko kwa Zambia) ka bonako fa o ntse o dutse mo godimo ga molelo. Fa e setse e apeilwe, e a kgaoganngwa ka go dirisa leswana la logong le polasetiki le le inetsweng mo metsing kgotsa le le tshasitsweng ka oli le le bidiwang chipande (kwa Malawi) le chipampa (kwa Zambia). Kwa Malawi nngwe le nngwe ya dikarolo tseno e bidiwa ntanda. Folouru ya mmidi e bedisiwa pele ka metsi go dira mmidi,[1] mme, kwa Zambia, e tlogelwa go gadika metsotso e le mmalwa pele e 'tlhakangwa', go dira sere se se bokete ka go tlaleletsa ka folouru e ntsi. Tsamaiso e e tlhoka gore modiri a goge motswako o o bokima mo letlhakoreng la pitsa ka leswana la logong (nthiko kwa Malawi, m'tiko/umwiko kwa Zambia) ka bonako fa o ntse o dutse mo godimo ga molelo. Fa e setse e apeilwe, e a kgaoganngwa ka go dirisa leswana la logong le polasetiki le le inetsweng mo metsing kgotsa le le tshasitsweng ka oli le le bidiwang chipande (kwa Malawi) le chipampa (kwa Zambia). Kwa Malawi nngwe le nngwe ya dikarolo tseno e bidiwa ntanda. Nako le nako Nsima e jewa mmogo le dijo tse dingwe, tse di itsegeng e le "relish". Tseno e ka nna di-mushroom jaaka kabansa, tente, chitondo, le ichikolowa; metswedi ya poroteine jaaka nama ya phologolo, nama ya kgomo, nama ya kgomo, tlhapi, matonkomane, chikanda, dinawa; le merogo jaaka matlhare a mokolane, matlhare a dinawa, mae a tshingwana a masweu a a itsegeng jaaka impwa kwa Zambia (seno ke maungo a mannye a a bopegileng jaaka solanum a masweu), matlhare a amarante, matlhare a mosetara, khabetšhe, jj. Kwa Zambia, dijo tse di jewang di bidiwa ndiyo ka Se-Nyanja/Se-Chewa le umunani ka Se-Bemba. Ndiwo kwa Malawi e kaya dijo tsa poroteine mme tse di nang le merogo tsone di bidiwa masamba. Dijo tse di nang le poroteine gantsi di jewa di gadikilwe kgotsa di apeilwe jaaka sejo se se modumo. Kwa Malawi le Zambia, gantsi nsima e jewa le tlhapi e e omisitsweng (utaka, Malawi) kgotsa merogo e e omisitsweng. Dipepere tse di bolelo kgotsa ditswaiso tse di jaaka di-hot pepper sauce tse di itiretsweng mo gae tse di tswang kwa peri-peri kgotsa Kambuzi chili peppers kgotsa di-chilli sauce tse di rekisiwang jaaka Nali Sauce gantsi di jewa le dijo tsa nshima Ka tlwaelo, batho ba ba jang ba nna go dikologa tafole kgotsa fa fatshe go dikologa dijo. Ba ba jang ba tshwanetse go tlhapa diatla ka gore nshima/nsima e jewa ka diatla fela. Seno se dirwa ka mogopo wa metsi. Mo boemong jwa moo, mong wa ntlo kana mongwe wa basha ba ba leng teng o tshela metsi a a tswang mo nkgwaneng mo sejaneng a a tshela mo diatleng tsa bagolwane kana tsa baeng. Motho o ja ka go tsenya kgolokwe e nnye mo seatleng sa moja, a e pitikolola gore e nne kgwele a bo a e ina mo go yone. Go dirisa monwana o mogolo wa moja go tsenya kgwele ya nshima ke mokgwa o o dirisiwang ke batho ba ba jang kwa nshima ba ba nang le maitemogelo gore ba kgone go tlhapa monate wa sejo seo motlhofo. Kwa Zambia, umuto (puo ya Se-Bemba) e kaya go rotha/mogote/sese ya dijo tse di tsentsweng fa thoko kgotsa mofufutso; mme tiro ya go kgetla selekanyo se se lekaneng sa one ka bolo ya nshima e bidiwa inkondwa. Polelwana e e reng, "umuto wankondwa" fa e ranolwa fela e raya "sose e e dirang gore go nne le inkondwa". Fela jaaka go ntse ka dingwao di le dintsi tsa Seaforika, dingwaga di botlhokwa thata. Go tlhapa pele ga dijo, go ja, le go tlhapa morago ga dijo gantsi go simololwa ke motho yo mogolo go ba feta botlhe, go latelwa ke ba bangwe botlhe ka go latelana go ya ka dingwaga tsa bone. Nsima e tlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase e bile e ka kgona go duelwa ke bontsi jwa batho, le fa gone ka dinako tse dingwe ditlhwatlhwa di ile tsa tlhatloga ka ntlha ya go tlhaela ga dijo, e leng se se dirileng gore ikonomi le dipolotiki di se ka tsa tlhomama. === Nigeria === Kwa Nigeria, akamu, ogi kgotsa koko di tshwana le pudding ya Amerika. E bidiwa "pap" mo Seesemaneng sa kwa Nigeria. Ogi/akamu kwa Nigeria gantsi e jewa mmogo le "moin moin", pudding ya dinawa, kgotsa "akara", e leng kuku ya dinawa. Gape go na le mofuta o o motona, o Ba-Yoruba ba o bitsang eko mme Ba-Igbos bone ba o bitsa agidi. Puding e apewa mo molelong o o mogote go fitlha e nna thata. Ka tlwaelo e phuthetswe ka matlhare ka leina la botanical Thaumatococcus daniellii. Ba Yoruba ba e bitsa ewe eran fa Ba Igbos ba e bitsa akwukwo elele.[ Gantsi e jewa mmogo le disopo tsa merogo le disoso tse di farologaneng e le dijo tse di motlhofo kgotsa e ka jewa le dinawa kgotsa dilo tse dingwe tse di tswang mo go tsone. Pap, /ˈpʌp/, gape e itsiwe jaaka mieliepap (Seaforikanse for maize porridge) mo Aforika Borwa, ke porridge ya setso e e tshwanang le polenta le dijo tsa motheo tsa batho ba Aforika Borwa ya Aforika (lefoko la Sejakolobe pap le tserwe go tswa go Sedutch mme le kaya fela "porridge") e e dirilweng go tswa go mielie-meal (mmidi o o silweng ka bokete). Dijo tse dintsi tsa setso tsa Aforika Borwa di akaretsa pap, jaaka mmidi o o borethe wa mmidi (o gape o bidiwang slap pap kgotsa soft porridge), pap e e nang le boteng jo bo tseneletseng jo bo ka tshwarwang mo seatleng (stywe pap kgotsa firm porridge) le phuthu pap e e omileng e e phatlogang (Seaforikanse: krummelpap). Dijo tsa Phuthu gantsi di fitlhelwa mo mafelong a a gaufi le lotshitshi lwa Aforika Borwa. Go ka dirisiwa mefuta e e farologaneng ya dijo tse di monate tse di dirilweng ka merogo e metala, e e tsentsweng motswako wa chili. MaAforika Borwa a kwa dikarolong tse di kwa bokone tsa Aforika Borwa ba e ja jaaka sejo sa mo mosong, ka mashi, botoro, le sukiri, mme gape ba e ja le nama le tomate e e apeilweng (gantsi tamati le onion) mo dijong tse dingwe. Fa ba ja braai, bogobe kgotsa stywe (e e thata) pap e e nang le motswako o o monate jaaka tamati le onion kgotsa mushroom ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo. Phutu pap ka tlwaelo e jewa le boerewors, motswako oo moragonyana o neng wa itsege jaaka pap en wors (o gape o bidiwang "pap en vleis", o o ka akaretsang nama e nngwe e e gadikilweng kgotsa e e gadikilweng). Kwa Cape Province ya Aforika Borwa, e bonwa e le dijo tsa sefitlholo fela. E re ka dijo tsa mielie di sa je madi a mantsi, batho ba ba humanegileng ba di ja le merogo. E ka jewa e le mogote kgotsa e ka gadikwa fa e sena go tsidifala. Phutu porridge ka dinako dingwe e jewa le chakalaka jaaka sejo se se fa thoko le braais. Kwa diporofenseng tsa bokone pap gantsi e boleta mme e dirwa ka go dirisa bupi jwa mmidi jo bo bedisitsweng, jo bo thibelang pap go senyega ka bonako ka gore diporofenseng tsa bokone go mogote go feta kwa borwa. Uphuthu ke mokgwa wa Aforika Borwa wa ho pheha mielie-meal eo ka yona sehlahiswa sa ho qetela e leng dijo tse nang le sebopeho se setle se kang sa koro e teteaneng e atisang ho jewa le meroho le nama, KwaZulu-Natal le Eastern Cape dibakeng tsa Aforika Borwa kapa e le naledi ya sejana le amasi kapa maas dibakeng tsa Gauteng. Ditso dingwe di tswakanya sukiri le uphuthu le amasi go dira dijo tse di botshe tse di tshwanang le mabele; le fa go ntse jalo, mmidi o o dirilweng ka mmidi o jewa fela jaaka amasi. Phuthu kgotsa Uphuthu (/ˈpʊtuː/), e e sa kwalwang sentle jaaka putu kgotsa phutu, ke mokgwa wa tlwaelo wa go apaya dijo tsa mmidi mo dijong tsa Aforika Borwa. Ke mofuta o o phatlogileng kgotsa o o nang le dithoro, o o jewang ke ditlhopha di le dintsi tsa setso mo Aforika Borwa. Phuthu gantsi e jewa le nama, dinawa, sose le mashi a a bedisitsweng. Gantsi tsela e sejo sa uphuthu se bopegileng ka yone le tsela e se dirilweng ka yone ke tsone tse di dirang gore se jewe ka tsela e e rileng. Sekao, amasi kgotsa maas gantsi e apewa ka phuthu e e nang le popego e e bothitho, fa e le gore di-stew le di-curry gantsi di apewa ka mefuta e e nang le popego e e bokete, e sekametse thata mo go nneng le popego e e thata. Phuthu e e bopegileng sentle e na le mokgwa wa go omelela thata (go omelela), go ikaegile ka bokgoni jwa moapei mo go direng sejana. Phuthu e e ntseng jalo e e tlhaelang metsi thata gantsi e ne e jewa mmogo le dijo tse di apeilweng, merogo e e nang le matlhare le dijo tse dingwe tse dintsi tse di monate tse di nang le bongola. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, phuthu e e ntseng jalo e e senang metsi ga e kitla e siamela sejo sa amasi kgotsa maas, ka gonne go e inela kgotsa go e tsenya mo metsing go tla dira gore sejo seo se nne jaaka sephuthelwana, fa amasi yone e tshwanetse go nna e e tlhafunwang. === Zimbabwe === [[Setshwantsho:People_cooking_Pap_(food)_(Phaleche)_7.jpg|thumb| Monna le mosadi ba apaya sadza kwa [[Botswana]] ( Moletlo wa ngwao [[Domboshaba|wa Domboshaba]] 2017)]] Sadza ka Setswana kgotsa isitshwala ka SeNdebele ke dijo tsa mmidi tse di apeilweng tse e leng dijo tsa motheo kwa Zimbabwe. Sadza e dirwa ka mmidi o o omisitsweng o o silweng sentle/mmidi wa mmidi (mealie-meal). Sejo seno sa mmidi se bidiwa impuphu ka Se-Ndebele kgotsa hupfu ka Se-Shona. Le mororo mmidi e le sejalo se se rekwang kwa Zimbabwe (c. 1890), e setse e le motswedi o mogolo wa dikhabohaetereite e bile e le dijo tse di rategang thata mo bathong ba koo. Batho ba lefelo leo ba reka dijo tseno kwa mabenkeleng kgotsa ba di itirela ka mmidi wa bone. Batho ba kwa Zimbabwe ba rata dijo tsa mmidi o mosweu. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka dinako tsa leuba kgotsa tsa mathata, ba ne ba simolola go ja dijo tse di dirilweng ka mmidi o mohibidu, o ka dinako tse dingwe o bidiwang "Kenya", ka gonne o kile wa bo o rekwa kwa nageng eo. Pele ga mmidi o simolola go tlhagisiwa, sadza e ne e dirwa ka mmidi wa mapfunde. Mo nakong e e sa tswang go feta, basha ba kwa Zimbabwe ba rata go ja raese go na le sadza kgotsa isitshwala. [ Tafadzwa Musarara, Modulasetilo wa Bosetšhaba wa Grain Millers Association of Zimbabwe (GMAZ) o ne a tlhalosa gore setlhopha sa badiri sa mo isagweng se tlile go ja sadza e nnye le raese le borotho jaaka ditsela tse dingwe. Gantsi sadza e jewa ka dijana tse di farologaneng, mme ka tlwaelo sadza e jewa mo mogopong o o kopanetsweng, e leng ngwao e e sa ntseng e tshegediwa ke malapa mangwe segolobogolo kwa metseselegaeng. Ka tlwaelo e jewa ka letsogo la moja ntle le thuso ya didiriswa tsa go ja, gantsi e phuthelwa mo kgwele pele e inelwa mo mefuteng e e farologaneng ya dinoko jaaka sose/gravy, mashi a a tsididi, kgotsa merogo e e gadikilweng. Dijo tse di itsegeng tse di jewang ka sadza di akaretsa: Nama e bidiwa nyama ka Se-Shona. * [[:en:Red_meat|Red meat]] – includes [[:en:Beef|beef]], [[:en:Mutton|mutton]], goat and [[:en:Game_meat|game meat]] * [[:en:Cow_hoof|Cow hoof]] – mazondo, amanqgina * [[:en:Oxtail|Oxtail]] * Other foods including intestine ([[:en:Tripe|tripe]]), [[:en:Offal|offal]], zvemukati (includes mathumbu, maphaphu, isibindi, utwane, ulusu, umbendeni; in Shona known as matumbu), sun-dried vegetables known as mfushwa and many more * [[:en:White_meat|White meat]] – includes huku – chicken meat, fish * [[:en:Fish_as_food|Fish]] (hove in Shona), including the small dried fish [[:en:Kapenta|kapenta]] * [[:en:Gonimbrasia_belina|Mopane worms/madora]] – edible moth caterpillar * [[:en:Spring_greens|Spring greens]] – known as imibhida in the Ndebele language, muriwo in the Shona language * [[:en:Phaseolus_lunatus|Sugar beans]] – known as nyemba in Shona * [[:en:Cabbage|Cabbage]] * [[:en:Derere|Derere]] – [[:en:Okra|okra]] * ''[[:en:Cleome_gynandra|Cleome gynandra]]'' (ulude in Ndebele)/nyevhe in Shona * [[:en:Pumpkin|Pumpkin]] – leaves known as muboora in Shona * [[:en:Soured_milk|Soured milk]] natural yogurt (known as [[:en:Amasi|amasi]] in Ndebele or [[:en:Nguni_languages|Nguni languages]] in [[:en:South_Africa|South Africa]], mukaka wakakora in [[:en:Shona_language|Shona]], or lacto) * [[:en:Soya_chunks|Soya chunks]] * Soups and stews Dijo tse di tshwanang le tseo ke polenta go tswa kwa bokone jwa Italy, gh'omi go tswa kwa Georgia, le grits go tswa kwa borwa jwa United States. Fufu, e leng dijo tse di dirilweng ka setatšhe tse di tswang kwa Afrika Bophirima le Bogare, le yone e ka dirwa ka bupi jwa mmidi, mme fa go ntse jalo e ka nna ya bidiwa mmidi wa fufu. Kwa Caribbean, dijo tse di tshwanang le tseo ke cou-cou (Barbados), funchi (Curaçao le Aruba), le funjie (Virgin Islands). E itsege jaaka funche mo Puerto Rican cuisine le mayi moulin mo Haitian cuisine. Dijo tse di tshwanang le pap di akaretsa banku, isidudu, le umngqusho. == Ditshwantsho == <gallery> Setshwantsho:Ugali_and_cabbage.jpg|alt=Ugali and cabbage| Ugali le khabetšhe Setshwantsho:Phutu.jpg|alt=Phutu, pictured with tomato-based relish in the foreground| Phutu, a le mo setshwantshong a na le senkgwe se se monate sa ditamati kwa pele Setshwantsho:Goat_Offal.JPG|alt=A meal of sadza (right), greens, and goat offal. The goat's small intestines are wrapped around small pieces of large intestines before cooking.| Dijo tsa sadza (kafa mojeng), merogo le nama ya podi. Mateng a podi a a tshesane a phuthelwa mo dikarolong tse dinnye tsa mala a magolo pele ga a apewa. Setshwantsho:Yawo_food_staples_-_ugali_and_usipa.jpg|alt=Ugali and usipa (small fish), staples of the Yawo people of the African Great Lakes| Ugali le usipa (ditlhapi tse dinnye), ke dijo tsa konokono tsa Ba-Yawo ba ba nnang kwa Metseng e Megolo ya Aforika. </gallery> == Bona gape == * Chapati * Cornmeal * List of African dishes * List of maize dishes * List of porridges * List of soups * Malawian cuisine * Moin moin * Mămăliga * Tuareg food == Metswedi == == Go buisetsa go ya pele == Dibuka tse di latelang, tse di diragalang kwa Zimbabwe, di bua ka batho ba ba jang dijo tsa kwa Zimbabwe, sadza: Dangarembga, Tsitsi (1988). Malwetse a go Tshwenyega Thata mo Maikutlong. Ayebia Clark Publishing. ke padi e e buang ka botshelo jwa lelapa la kwa Rhodesia morago ga bokoloniale jwa Rhodesia (e jaanong e leng Zimbabwe), ka dingwaga tsa bo1960.Mo bukeng ya ga Douglas Rogers ya The Last Resort: A Memoir of Zimbabwe (September 2009), Naomi, mosadi mongwe yo o godileng wa Mo-Malawi yo Rogers a mmitsang "Mm. John", o tlisa monna wa gagwe, John Muranda, John yo mongwe, John Agoneka, le Rogers ba tshotse dikgamelo tsa sadza e e bothitho, e Rogers a tlhalosang gore "Mm. John o apaya letsatsi le letsatsi mo molelong wa dikgong kwa ntle ga legae la ga Murandas. (Crown/Random House, LLC, ASIN: B002PXFYIS, Kgaolo 4, tsebe 23). [[Karolo:Bogobe]] [[Karolo:Ugali]] 2kjg4klxroj7xfn6a4btbdw7xn5q420 0 14946 54435 2026-09-04T19:43:22Z Cruiselady 12522 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365703135|Girl]]" 54435 wikitext text/x-wiki \ Boemo ba tshetsana mo hisetoring yotlhe ya naga bo amana thata le boemo ba tshadi mo setsong sengwe le sengwe.. Fa tshadi e e nang le boemo jo bo lekanang le jwa banna, tshetsana e tla tswelwa molemo ke go sireletswa thata ka ditlhoko tsa bone. Ditso tse dintsi di nale meetlo ya setso go tshwaya " go tla ga dijara " ga tshetsana kgotsa tshimane, go itemogela tlhabologo ya bona go ya kwa kgolong, kapo go tshwaya dintlha tse dingwe tsa loeto la bona la go gola fa ba santse ba le bana. Meletlo mengwe ya kgolo ke meetlo ya tumelo go lemoga kgolo ya mosetsana ntebane le go itsi ga gagwe ditumelo tsa bodumedi, le seabe sa gagwe se se fetogang mo setšhabeng sa gagwe sa bodumedi. Tlhomamiso ke moletlo o o itsagaleng mo diphuthegong dintsi tsa bokeresete wa basimane le basetsana, gantsi o diriwa fa ngwana a le mo dingwageng tsagwe tsa bolesome. Mo merafeng ya Roma Katoliki, Netefatso e tseiwa e le nngwe ya disakaramente di le supa tse Mokatoliki a ka di amogelang. Mo dinageng di le dintsi, ke tlwaelo gore bana ba Bakatoliki ba fitlhele sakaramente e nngwe, selalelo sa mathomo, fa ba le dijara di le supa. Sakaramente gole gantsi e diriwa mo kerekeng gangwe mo ngwageng, ka bana ba ba godileng ba amogela tshegofatso e e twang go bishopo mo moletlong o o kgethegileng. Ke tlwaelo mo dinageng di le dintsi gore basetsana ba Bakatoliki ba apare diroko tse sweu mme gongwe le lesire le lennye kana kgare ya disheshe mo moriring wa bone go ya kwa selalelong sa bone sa mathomo..Kaparo e tshweu o kaya bophepa ba semoya. nmfapseia6oiqyi7sk6rb17ukm75wie