Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1581 54584 43628 2026-09-08T02:31:47Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Madi a Botswana}} {{Infobox currency | iso_code = BWP | iso_number = | subunit_ratio_1 = {{frac|100}} | subunit_name_1 = thebe | symbol = P | used_banknotes = 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 pula | used_coins = 5, 10, 25, 50 thebe, 1, 2, 5 pula | using_countries = {{flag|Botswana}} | unofficial_users = {{flag|Zimbabwe}} | issuing_authority = [[Bank of Botswana]] | issuing_authority_website = {{url|www.bankofbotswana.bw}} | inflation_rate = 2.50% (April 2020) | inflation_source_date = [http://www.bankofbotswana.bw Bank of Botswana], 7 July 2016 | inflation_method = [[Consumer price index|CPI]] }} [[Pula]] ke [[ledi]] le le dirisiwang kwa lefatsheng la [[Botswana]]. E nale code ya [[ISO 4217]] ya ''BWP. Pula'' e le ngwe e dirwa ke mathebe a le makgolo. Pula ka tlhamalalo e kaya "pula" ka [[Setswana]], ka gonne pula e a tlhokega thata mo Botswana—legae la bontsi jwa [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]]—e tsaya karolo e kgolo mo dingwaong tsa tumelo ya setso ya Batswana; ka jalo e botlhokwa mme lefoko le atolosa bokao jwa lone jaaka "tshegofatso" kgotsa "lesego".<ref>Gewald, Jan-Bart (Oct 2001). "El Negro, El Niño, Witchcraft and the Absence of Rain in Botswana". ''African Affairs''. '''100''' (401): 559–60. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/3518701|10.2307/3518701]].</ref><ref>[https://factrepublic.com/facts/20785/ "Pula currency"]. ''FactRepublic.com''. 2018-11-09. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.bankofbotswana.bw/content/history-botswana-currency "History of Botswana Currency | Bank of Botswana"]. ''www.bankofbotswana.bw''. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> Lefoko le gape le dira jaaka sekano sa bosetšhaba sa lefatshe le. Setlhophana sa madi se itsege jaaka ''thebe'', kgotsa "shield",<ref>[[:en:Ketumile_Masire|Masire, Ketumile]] (2006). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Gb8VAQAAIAAJ Very brave or very foolish?]''. Macmillan Botswana. p. 81. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-99912-404-8-0|978-99912-404-8-0]]. Pula (rain) was an easy choice for the currency, and the decimal coins were called thebe (shield). (Memoirs of a former president of Botswana)</ref> mme se kaya tshireletso. Maina a ne a tlhophiwa ka thuso ya setšhaba.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=RMq3AAAAIAAJ Standard Chartered Review]''. Standard Chartered Bank. 1976. p. 9. <q>The new names ''pula'' and ''thebe'' were chosen following an invitation to the public to submit a their suggestions [...] The meaning of "thebe" is shield — the traditional means of defence.</q></ref> ==Ditso== Pula e ne ya simolodisiwa ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le boraro 1976, morago ga moo ya itsege jaaka "Letsatsi la Pula", go emisetsa [[ranta]] ka par. Malatsi a le lekgolo morago ga go tsenngwa ga pula, ranta e ne ya kgaotsa go nna madi a semolao kwa Botswana.<ref name=":0" /> Fa e ne e simolodisiwa, pula e ne e tlhomilwe mo dolareng ya Amerika. Ka Firikgong 1979, pula e ne ya fetolwa go nna madi a a papametseng, a a sa tlhomiwang. Fa e sale ka Seetebosigo 1980, e ntse e tlhomilwe mo serotong sa madi a a bontshang mekgwa ya kgwebisano ya lefatshe, e e akaretsang [[ranta ya Aforika Borwa]] le [[ditshwanelo tse di kgethegileng tsa go goga]] tsa [[Letlole la Boditšhabatšhaba la Madi]].<ref>Masalila, Kealeboga; Motshidisi, Oduetse (May 2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250910162308/https://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap17m.pdf "Botswana's exchange rate policy"] (PDF). ''BIS Papers''. '''17''' (13). Bank for International Settlements. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> ==Dithebe (Madi a tshipi)== Ka 1976, madi a tshipi a ne a simolodisiwa ka ditlhopha tsa thebe ya bongwe, botlhano, lesome, masome mabedi le botlhano le masome matlhano. Thebe e le nngwe e ne e dirilwe ka aluminiam, thebe tse tlhano e ne e dirilwe ka bronze mme e mengwe e ne e itewa ka kopore-nikele. Madi ano a tshipi a ne a le kgolokwe kwantle ga pula e le nngwe e e neng e le makekete. Madi a tshipi a thebe a bronze, a a nang le dikhutlwana di le lesome le bobedi a ne a simolodisiwa ka 1981 mme a emisiwa morago ga 1985. Ka 1991, tshipi e e tsentsweng bronze e ne ya emisetsa bronze mo thebeng ya botlhano, tshipi e e apesitsweng nikele e ne ya emisetsa kopore-nikele mo go thebe ya lesome, masome mabedi le botlhano le masome matlhano ya bronze e nnye le thebe lekgolo e ne ya fetolwa go nna e nnye ya nikele-brass, ya heptagon. Pula e e nang le popego e e tshwanang, ya nickel-brass ya pula tse pedi e ne ya simolodisiwa ka 1994. Ka 2004, sebopego sa yone se ne sa fetolwa go nna tshipi e e tsentsweng brass mme bogolo jwa yone bo ne jwa fokodiwa go sekae.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga go gogelwa morago ga thebe ye nngwe le ya bobedi ka 1991 le 1998 ka go latelana, go ne ga simolodisiwa madi a tshipi a thebe a mannye a botlhano, lesome, masome mabedi le botlhano le masome matlhano, mme madi a tshipi a thebe a le botlhano le masome mabedi le botlhano a ne a le matlhakore a le supa mme madi a tshipi a thebe a le lesome le masome matlhano a ne a sala a le kgolokwe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021312/http://www.bankofbotswana.bw/assets/uploaded/SPEECH-BY%20H%20E%20THE%20PRESIDENT-%20LAUNCH%20-OF-NEW-COIN.pdf "OFFICIAL LAUNCH OF THE NEW FAMILY OF BOTSWANA COIN AT BANK OF BOTSWANA CASH MANAGEMENT CENTRE GABORONE BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE PRESIDENT"] (PDF). 27 February 2014. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> Bimetallic 5 pula e e bontshang [[Phane|seboko sa mophane]] le kala ya setlhare sa mophane se se se jang e ne ya simolodisiwa ka 2000 e e bopilweng ka setheo sa kopore-nikele mo lesaleng le le dirilweng ka aluminium-nickel-bronze.<ref>[http://www.worldofcoins.eu/forum/index.php?topic=37409.15 "Coinage of Botswana"]. ''www.worldofcoins.eu''. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> Motseletsele o mosha wa madi a tshipi o ne wa simolodisiwa ka 2013.<ref>[https://www.bankofbotswana.bw/index.php/press-release/new-family-coins "New Family of Coins | Bank of Botswana"]. ''www.bankofbotswana.bw''. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> Madi otlhe a tshipi a a fetileng a ne a tlosiwa mo tirisong go simolola ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi 2014, mme a ne a nna a ananngwa le madi a tshipi a ga jaana dingwaga di le tlhano go fitlha ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi 2019.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141030045317/http://www.gov.bw/en/News/DEMONETISATION-OF-OLD-COIN-/ "Republic of Botswana - Government portal"]. ''www.gov.bw''. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/en/News/DEMONETISATION-OF-OLD-COIN-/ the original] on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> Lefoko "Ipelegeng" le fitlhelwa mo mading a tshipi, le tota le rayang "go rwala bokete jwa gago" kgotsa "go itshetsa kgotsa go ikemela ka nosi" mme ka kakaretso le na le bokao jo bo farologaneng mo puong ya Setswana.<ref>[https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces9364.html "1 Pula, Botswana".]</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="9" |Madi a tshipi a pula ya Botswana |- !Setshwantsho !Tlhwatlhwa !Composition !Bogolo !Bokete !Bokima !Edge !      Issued       !E tlositswe mo tirisong |- | |1 thebe |Aluminium |18.5 mm |0.8 g |1.22 mm | rowspan="2" |Smooth |1976–1991 | rowspan="5" |1 July 2014 |- | |2 thebe |Bronze |17.4 mm (dodecagonal) |1.8 g |1.05 mm |1981–1985 |- | | rowspan="4" |5 thebe |Bronze | rowspan="2" |19.5 mm | rowspan="2" |2.8 g |1.17 mm |Reeded |1976–1989 |- | | rowspan="2" |Bronze-plated steel |1.28 mm |Smooth or reeded |1991–1996 |- | |17 mm (heptagonal) |2.41 g |1.75 mm | rowspan="2" |Smooth |1998–2009 |- | |Nickel-plated steel |18 mm (heptagonal) |2.218 g |1.3 mm |2013 |current |- | | rowspan="4" |10 thebe |Copper-nickel | rowspan="2" |22 mm |4 g |1.33 mm | rowspan="6" |Reeded |1976–1989 | rowspan="3" |1 July 2014 |- | | rowspan="3" |Nickel-plated steel |3.8 g | |1991 |- | |18 mm | rowspan="2" |2.8 g |1.75 mm |1998–2008 |- | |20 mm |1.4 mm |2013 |current |- | | rowspan="4" |25 thebe |Copper-nickel | rowspan="2" |25 mm |5.8 g | |1976–1989 | rowspan="3" |1 July 2014 |- | |Nickel-plated steel |5.73 g | |1991 |- | |Nickel-plated steel |20 mm (heptagonal) |3.5 g |1.8 mm | rowspan="2" |Smooth |1998–2009 |- | |Nickel-plated steel |22 mm (heptagonal) |4.2 g |1.6 mm |2013 |current |- | | rowspan="5" |50 thebe | rowspan="2" |Copper-nickel | rowspan="3" |28 mm | rowspan="3" |11.4 g | rowspan="2" |2.3 mm | rowspan="2" |Reeded | rowspan="2" |1976–1985 | rowspan="4" |1 July 2014 |- | |- | | rowspan="3" |Nickel-plated steel | | |1991 |- | |21.3 mm |4.82 g |2.2 mm |Smooth |1996–2001 |- | |24 mm |5.3 g |1.8 mm |Reeded |2013 |current |- | | rowspan="3" |1 pula |Copper-nickel |29.5 mm; scalloped (with 12 notches) |16.4 g | |Smooth |1976–1987 | rowspan="2" |1 July 2014 |- | |Nickel-brass |24 mm (heptagonal) |8.8 g |2.7 mm |Segmented (10 reeds per 7 sections) |1991–2007 |- | |Bronze-plated steel |26 mm |7.8 g | |Smooth |2013–2016 |current |- | | rowspan="3" |2 pula |Nickel-brass |26.4 mm (heptagonal) |6.3 g |2.4 mm | rowspan="2" |Segmented (19 reeds per 7 sections) |1994 | rowspan="2" |1 July 2014 |- | |Brass-plated steel |24.6 mm (heptagonal) |6.02 g | rowspan="3" |2 mm |2004 |- | |Bi-metallic; bronze-plated steel in center, nickel-plated steel in ring |27 mm |7.3 g | rowspan="2" |Reeded |2013–2016 |current |- | | rowspan="2" |5 pula | rowspan="2" |Bi-metallic; copper-nickel in center, brass in ring |23.5 mm |6 g |2000–2007 |1 July 2014 |- | |28 mm |8.7 g |2.2 mm |Segmented |2013–2016 |current |} ==Madi a dipampiri == Ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le boraro 1976, [[Banka ya Botswana]] e ne ya simolola go dirisa madi a pampiri a 1, 2, 5, le 10 pula; pampiri ya 20 pula e ne ya latela ka Tlhakole a le lesome le boraro 1978. Pampiri ya 1 le 2 pula e ne ya emisediwa ka madi a tshipi ka 1991 le 1994, fa pampiri ya ntlha ya 50 le 100 pula e ne ya simolodisiwa ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe 1990 le Phatwe a le masome mabedi le boraro 1993, ka go latelana.<ref>Linzmayer, Owen (2011). "Botswana". ''[http://www.banknotebook.com/ The Banknote Book]''. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> Madi a pampiri a 5 pula a ne a emisediwa ka madi a tshipi ka 2000. Madi a pampiri a ntlhantlha a 1, 2 le 5 pula a ne a [[tlosiwa mo tirisong]] ka Phukwi a rogwa 2011. Motseletsele wa ga jaana wa madi a pampiri o ne wa simolodisiwa ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le boraro 2009<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110625000753/http://banknotenews.com/files/ce54dcf6036240f2af83ddef571253ea-761.php "Botswana issues new note series"]. ''BanknoteNews''. Archived from [http://banknotenews.com/files/ce54dcf6036240f2af83ddef571253ea-761.php the original] on 2011-06-25. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> mme o na le, lekgetlho la ntlha, madi a pampiri a 200 pula. Go tsibogela matshwenyego a boleng jo bo kwa tlase jwa pampiri ya madi a pampiri a 10 pula, Banka ya Botswana e ne ya senola pampiri ya 10 pula e e dirilweng ka polymer ka Ngwanatseele 2017 e e neng ya neelwa setšhaba ka Tlhakole a rogwa 2018.<ref>Lekopanye Mooketsi (15 February 2019). [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=22&dir=2009/August/Monday24/ "Khama Launches New Bank Notes"]. Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka 2020, Banka ya Botswana e ne ya ntsha pampiri e ntšha ya polymer ya dipula di le 10 e e nang le setshwantsho sa Tautona wa nako eo wa Botswana, [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]].<ref>[https://en.numista.com/catalogue/note280476.html 10 Pula] Numista ([https://en.numista.com/ https://en.numista.com]). Retrieved 12 Phalane 2025.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="7" |Madi a pampiri a pula ya Botswana (a a ntshitsweng ka 2009) |- !Setshwantsho ! !Tlhwatlhwa !Mmala o montsi !Ka fa pele !Ka fa morago !Letshwao |- | | |Dipula tse lesome |Botala jwa tlhaga |[[Tautona wa Botswana|Tautona]] [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Seretse Khama Ian Khama]] |Kago ya Palamente, [[Gaborone]] |Rampant zebra and electrotype 10 |- | | |Dipula tse masome mabedi |Bohibidu |[[Fatshe leno la rona|Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete]] |Didirisiwa tsa meepo |Rampant zebra and electrotype 20 |- | | |Dipula tse masome matlhano |Borokwa |President [[Seretse Khama|Sir Seretse Khama]] |[[Makgobokgobo a Okavango]], mokoro, kgwaadira |Rampant zebra and electrotype 50 |- | | |Dipula tse di lekgolo |Botala jwa loapi |Dikgosi tse tharo ([[Kgosi Sebele I|Sebele I]], [[Bathoen I]], [[Khama III]]) |Diamond sorting, open-pit diamond mine |Rampant zebra and electrotype 100 |- | | |Dipula tse makgolo mabedi |Selaole |Morutabana wa mosadi le bana |Pitse e e tilodi |Rampant zebra and electrotype 200 |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="6" |Madi a dipampiri a pula ya Botswana (10 Pula polymer banknotes) |- !Setshwantsho !Tlhwatlhwa !Mmala o montsi !Kwa pele !Kwa morago !Letshwao |- | | rowspan="2" |10 pula | rowspan="2" |Botala jwa tlhaga |[[Tautona wa Botswana|Tautona]] [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Seretse Khama Ian Khama]] [[Tautona wa Botswana|Tautona]] [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] | rowspan="2" |Kago ya Palamente, [[Gaborone]] | rowspan="2" |Rampant zebra window |} == Tiriso kwa Zimbabwe == Ka ntlha ya [[go oketsega ga ditlhwatlhwa mo go feteletseng kwa Zimbabwe]] go tloga ka 2006 go ya go 2008, puso ya Zimbabwe e ne e letleletse go dirisiwa ga madi a mafatshe a sele fa e sale ka 2008. [[Dolara ya Zimbabwe]] e ne ya sa tlhole e dirisiwa ka Moranang a le lesome le bobedi 2009. Madi a le mmalwa, go akaretsa [[ranta ya Aforika Borwa]] le pula ya Botswana, a ne a dirisiwa kwa [[Zimbabwe]],<ref>Ga mmogo le [[:en:Zimbabwean_dollar|Zimbabwean dollar]] (suspended indefinitely from 12 April 2009), [[euro]], [[US dollar]], [[pound sterling]], [[South African rand]], [[Indian rupee]], [[Australian dollar]], [[Chinese yuan]] and [[Japanese yen]]. Dolara ya Amerika e amogetswe jaaka madi a semmuso a ditirisano tsotlhe tsa puso kwa Zimbabwe.</ref> mmogo le [[Madi a pampiri a bond a Zimbabwe|madi a]] [[Madi a pampiri a bond a Zimbabwe|pampiri a bond a Zimbabwe]] le [[madi a tshipi a bond]]. == Lesotho == Lefoko pula gape le dira jaaka karolo ya sekano sa bosetšhaba sa [[Lesotho|Bogosi jwa Lesotho]]. Jaaka mo Botswana, le kaya "pula" ka [[Sesotho|puo ya Sesotho]] mme le tsewa e le lekaelagongwe la "tshegofatso". == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Itsholelo ya Botswana]] ==Metswedi== okow4pylnjzssahzgojpbvk3lffu9qa 0 4462 54569 31396 2026-09-07T19:13:38Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54569 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madombi''' Madombi [Madombolo] ke sejo se dirwang ka bopi jwa korong jo bo dubilweng go tswang foo bo dirwe dikgolokwenyana; a ka apewa bo le bosi kana bo tsentswe sengwe fa gare. A dirwa ka boupe jwa korong, ditapole , nama, tlhapi, kana diguruntu. A ka apewa ka metsi a kabesiwa, a fufutswa , ka mafura kana ka boubelo. A ka patisiwa ka sengwe fa gare kana a tsenngwe dinatetshi tse dingwe fa go dubiwa. Matlebekwane a kanna sukiri kgotsa letswai. A ka jewa a le osi, ka sopo kana nama. Madombi ke sejo se se rategang thata mo malapeng a le mantsi a kwa Borwa jwa Aforika e bile ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa mo Aforika. Kwa dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Botswana, Lesotho le Zimbabwe, madombi gantsi di jewa le di-stew, nama, merogo le dijo tsa setso jaaka mogodu. Le fa gone madombi a na le mefuta e e farologaneng go ralala lefatshe, mofuta wa tsone wa kwa Aforika Borwa o na le tsela e o itsegeng ka yone mme o amanngwa thata le dijo tse di apewang kwa gae, dijo tsa lelapa le go amogela baeng. ==Metswedi== fink47lde52rjimo5p3qhcqpckzn0m9 54570 54569 2026-09-07T19:15:45Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54570 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madombi''' Madombi [Madombolo] ke sejo se dirwang ka bopi jwa korong jo bo dubilweng go tswang foo bo dirwe dikgolokwenyana; a ka apewa bo le bosi kana bo tsentswe sengwe fa gare. A dirwa ka boupe jwa korong, ditapole , nama, tlhapi, kana diguruntu. A ka apewa ka metsi a kabesiwa, a fufutswa , ka mafura kana ka boubelo. A ka patisiwa ka sengwe fa gare kana a tsenngwe dinatetshi tse dingwe fa go dubiwa. Matlebekwane a kanna sukiri kgotsa letswai. A ka jewa a le osi, ka sopo kana nama. Madombi ke sejo se se rategang thata mo malapeng a le mantsi a kwa Borwa jwa Aforika e bile ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa mo Aforika. Kwa dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Botswana, Lesotho le Zimbabwe, madombi gantsi di jewa le di-stew, nama, merogo le dijo tsa setso jaaka mogodu. Le fa gone madombi a na le mefuta e e farologaneng go ralala lefatshe, mofuta wa tsone wa kwa Aforika Borwa o na le tsela e o itsegeng ka yone mme o amanngwa thata le dijo tse di apewang kwa gae, dijo tsa lelapa le go amogela baeng. Go apewa ga madombi Madombi a Seaforika gantsi a dirwa ka dilo tse di motlhofo tse di jaaka bupi, metsi, yeast kgotsa baking powder, letswai mme ka dinako tse dingwe mashi kgotsa botoro. Bupi jono bo a tlhakatlhakanngwa bo bo bo dirwa dikarolwana pele ga bo apewa ka mouwane kgotsa bo apewa mmogo le sejo se se apeilweng. Seno se felela ka dijo tse di boleta, tse di borethe tse di monyang tatso ya sopo kgotsa ya motswako o di dirisiwang ka one. Malapa a a farologaneng a na le ditsela tsa one tsa go apaya le mekgwa ya one ya go apaya, mo go rayang gore tsela e madombi a leng monate ka yone le tsela e a bopegileng ka yone e ka farologana go ya ka malapa. di botlhokwa thata ka gonne di tlaleletsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso. Ka sekai, sopo e e monate e ka jewa ka dikuku tse di borethe tse di monyang motswako wa yone. Mo dijong tsa Aforika Borwa, madombi e ka jewa le nama ya kgomo, kgogo, mogatla wa kgomo, dinawa, merogo kgotsa mogodu. Go tlhakana gono go dira gore go nne le dijo tse di monate mme go bontsha kafa dijo tse di farologaneng di dirang mmogo ka teng go dira sejo se se feletseng sa lelapa. ==Metswedi== c9ryzy0lcfsjwzl2oem1u6us8fsfgsy 54571 54570 2026-09-07T19:17:04Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54571 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madombi''' Madombi [Madombolo] ke sejo se dirwang ka bopi jwa korong jo bo dubilweng go tswang foo bo dirwe dikgolokwenyana; a ka apewa bo le bosi kana bo tsentswe sengwe fa gare. A dirwa ka boupe jwa korong, ditapole , nama, tlhapi, kana diguruntu. A ka apewa ka metsi a kabesiwa, a fufutswa , ka mafura kana ka boubelo. A ka patisiwa ka sengwe fa gare kana a tsenngwe dinatetshi tse dingwe fa go dubiwa. Matlebekwane a kanna sukiri kgotsa letswai. A ka jewa a le osi, ka sopo kana nama. Madombi ke sejo se se rategang thata mo malapeng a le mantsi a kwa Borwa jwa Aforika e bile ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa mo Aforika. Kwa dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Botswana, Lesotho le Zimbabwe, madombi gantsi di jewa le di-stew, nama, merogo le dijo tsa setso jaaka mogodu. Le fa gone madombi a na le mefuta e e farologaneng go ralala lefatshe, mofuta wa tsone wa kwa Aforika Borwa o na le tsela e o itsegeng ka yone mme o amanngwa thata le dijo tse di apewang kwa gae, dijo tsa lelapa le go amogela baeng. Go apewa ga madombi Madombi a Seaforika gantsi a dirwa ka dilo tse di motlhofo tse di jaaka bupi, metsi, yeast kgotsa baking powder, letswai mme ka dinako tse dingwe mashi kgotsa botoro. Bupi jono bo a tlhakatlhakanngwa bo bo bo dirwa dikarolwana pele ga bo apewa ka mouwane kgotsa bo apewa mmogo le sejo se se apeilweng. Seno se felela ka dijo tse di boleta, tse di borethe tse di monyang tatso ya sopo kgotsa ya motswako o di dirisiwang ka one. Malapa a a farologaneng a na le ditsela tsa one tsa go apaya le mekgwa ya one ya go apaya, mo go rayang gore tsela e madombi a leng monate ka yone le tsela e a bopegileng ka yone e ka farologana go ya ka malapa. di botlhokwa thata ka gonne di tlaleletsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso. Ka sekai, sopo e e monate e ka jewa ka dikuku tse di borethe tse di monyang motswako wa yone. Mo dijong tsa Aforika Borwa, madombi e ka jewa le nama ya kgomo, kgogo, mogatla wa kgomo, dinawa, merogo kgotsa mogodu. Go tlhakana gono go dira gore go nne le dijo tse di monate mme go bontsha kafa dijo tse di farologaneng di dirang mmogo ka teng go dira sejo se se feletseng sa lelapa. Botlhokwa jwa setso sa madombi, bo bonala le mo tseleng e di apewang ka yone le e di abiwang ka yone. Mo malapeng a le mantsi mo Afrika, go apaya ke tiro e e dirwang ke botlhe. Maloko a lelapa a ka nna le seabe mo go baakanyeng dijo, fa bana bone ba ithuta ditsela tsa go apaya le mekgwa ya go apaya mo batsading, mo go borremogolo le bommemogolo le mo go ba bangwe ba losika. Ka jalo, madombi di nna karolo ya go fetisetsa kitso mo dikokomaneng tse dingwe. Mokgwa o o rileng wa go apaya madombi e ka nna ngwao ya lelapa e e sa lebalesegeng e bile e boaboelediwa ka dingwaga di le dintsi. ==Metswedi== 0g93yvg6sl79fhg2izpauf3wywu6ywd 54572 54571 2026-09-07T19:18:29Z Reagoleboga 10854 added a photo 54572 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Cuisine of Mongolia.jpg|thumb|Madombi]] '''Madombi''' Madombi [Madombolo] ke sejo se dirwang ka bopi jwa korong jo bo dubilweng go tswang foo bo dirwe dikgolokwenyana; a ka apewa bo le bosi kana bo tsentswe sengwe fa gare. A dirwa ka boupe jwa korong, ditapole , nama, tlhapi, kana diguruntu. A ka apewa ka metsi a kabesiwa, a fufutswa , ka mafura kana ka boubelo. A ka patisiwa ka sengwe fa gare kana a tsenngwe dinatetshi tse dingwe fa go dubiwa. Matlebekwane a kanna sukiri kgotsa letswai. A ka jewa a le osi, ka sopo kana nama. Madombi ke sejo se se rategang thata mo malapeng a le mantsi a kwa Borwa jwa Aforika e bile ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa mo Aforika. Kwa dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Botswana, Lesotho le Zimbabwe, madombi gantsi di jewa le di-stew, nama, merogo le dijo tsa setso jaaka mogodu. Le fa gone madombi a na le mefuta e e farologaneng go ralala lefatshe, mofuta wa tsone wa kwa Aforika Borwa o na le tsela e o itsegeng ka yone mme o amanngwa thata le dijo tse di apewang kwa gae, dijo tsa lelapa le go amogela baeng. Go apewa ga madombi Madombi a Seaforika gantsi a dirwa ka dilo tse di motlhofo tse di jaaka bupi, metsi, yeast kgotsa baking powder, letswai mme ka dinako tse dingwe mashi kgotsa botoro. Bupi jono bo a tlhakatlhakanngwa bo bo bo dirwa dikarolwana pele ga bo apewa ka mouwane kgotsa bo apewa mmogo le sejo se se apeilweng. Seno se felela ka dijo tse di boleta, tse di borethe tse di monyang tatso ya sopo kgotsa ya motswako o di dirisiwang ka one. Malapa a a farologaneng a na le ditsela tsa one tsa go apaya le mekgwa ya one ya go apaya, mo go rayang gore tsela e madombi a leng monate ka yone le tsela e a bopegileng ka yone e ka farologana go ya ka malapa. di botlhokwa thata ka gonne di tlaleletsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso. Ka sekai, sopo e e monate e ka jewa ka dikuku tse di borethe tse di monyang motswako wa yone. Mo dijong tsa Aforika Borwa, madombi e ka jewa le nama ya kgomo, kgogo, mogatla wa kgomo, dinawa, merogo kgotsa mogodu. Go tlhakana gono go dira gore go nne le dijo tse di monate mme go bontsha kafa dijo tse di farologaneng di dirang mmogo ka teng go dira sejo se se feletseng sa lelapa. Botlhokwa jwa setso sa madombi, bo bonala le mo tseleng e di apewang ka yone le e di abiwang ka yone. Mo malapeng a le mantsi mo Afrika, go apaya ke tiro e e dirwang ke botlhe. Maloko a lelapa a ka nna le seabe mo go baakanyeng dijo, fa bana bone ba ithuta ditsela tsa go apaya le mekgwa ya go apaya mo batsading, mo go borremogolo le bommemogolo le mo go ba bangwe ba losika. Ka jalo, madombi di nna karolo ya go fetisetsa kitso mo dikokomaneng tse dingwe. Mokgwa o o rileng wa go apaya madombi e ka nna ngwao ya lelapa e e sa lebalesegeng e bile e boaboelediwa ka dingwaga di le dintsi. ==Metswedi== s6ohapts1qtrcs9nv368h8kyc99pc9z 54573 54572 2026-09-07T19:19:09Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54573 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Cuisine of Mongolia.jpg|thumb|Madombi]] '''Madombi''' Madombi [Madombolo] ke sejo se dirwang ka bopi jwa korong jo bo dubilweng go tswang foo bo dirwe dikgolokwenyana; a ka apewa bo le bosi kana bo tsentswe sengwe fa gare. A dirwa ka boupe jwa korong, ditapole , nama, tlhapi, kana diguruntu. A ka apewa ka metsi a kabesiwa, a fufutswa , ka mafura kana ka boubelo. A ka patisiwa ka sengwe fa gare kana a tsenngwe dinatetshi tse dingwe fa go dubiwa. Matlebekwane a kanna sukiri kgotsa letswai. A ka jewa a le osi, ka sopo kana nama. Madombi ke sejo se se rategang thata mo malapeng a le mantsi a kwa Borwa jwa Aforika e bile ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa mo Aforika. Kwa dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Botswana, Lesotho le Zimbabwe, madombi gantsi di jewa le di-stew, nama, merogo le dijo tsa setso jaaka mogodu. Le fa gone madombi a na le mefuta e e farologaneng go ralala lefatshe, mofuta wa tsone wa kwa Aforika Borwa o na le tsela e o itsegeng ka yone mme o amanngwa thata le dijo tse di apewang kwa gae, dijo tsa lelapa le go amogela baeng. ==== Go apewa ga madombi ==== Madombi a Seaforika gantsi a dirwa ka dilo tse di motlhofo tse di jaaka bupi, metsi, yeast kgotsa baking powder, letswai mme ka dinako tse dingwe mashi kgotsa botoro. Bupi jono bo a tlhakatlhakanngwa bo bo bo dirwa dikarolwana pele ga bo apewa ka mouwane kgotsa bo apewa mmogo le sejo se se apeilweng. Seno se felela ka dijo tse di boleta, tse di borethe tse di monyang tatso ya sopo kgotsa ya motswako o di dirisiwang ka one. Malapa a a farologaneng a na le ditsela tsa one tsa go apaya le mekgwa ya one ya go apaya, mo go rayang gore tsela e madombi a leng monate ka yone le tsela e a bopegileng ka yone e ka farologana go ya ka malapa. di botlhokwa thata ka gonne di tlaleletsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso. Ka sekai, sopo e e monate e ka jewa ka dikuku tse di borethe tse di monyang motswako wa yone. Mo dijong tsa Aforika Borwa, madombi e ka jewa le nama ya kgomo, kgogo, mogatla wa kgomo, dinawa, merogo kgotsa mogodu. Go tlhakana gono go dira gore go nne le dijo tse di monate mme go bontsha kafa dijo tse di farologaneng di dirang mmogo ka teng go dira sejo se se feletseng sa lelapa. Botlhokwa jwa setso sa madombi, bo bonala le mo tseleng e di apewang ka yone le e di abiwang ka yone. Mo malapeng a le mantsi mo Afrika, go apaya ke tiro e e dirwang ke botlhe. Maloko a lelapa a ka nna le seabe mo go baakanyeng dijo, fa bana bone ba ithuta ditsela tsa go apaya le mekgwa ya go apaya mo batsading, mo go borremogolo le bommemogolo le mo go ba bangwe ba losika. Ka jalo, madombi di nna karolo ya go fetisetsa kitso mo dikokomaneng tse dingwe. Mokgwa o o rileng wa go apaya madombi e ka nna ngwao ya lelapa e e sa lebalesegeng e bile e boaboelediwa ka dingwaga di le dintsi. ==== Mefuta ya madombi ==== Madombi le one a amanngwa le go amogela baeng. Mo ditsong di le dintsi tsa Afrika, go abelana dijo le baeng ke tsela e e botlhokwa ya go bontsha tlotlo le bopelonomi. Pitsa e kgolo ya setofo e e nang le dikuku e ka nna dijo tsa lelapa kgotsa tsa setlhopha sa baeng. Ka jalo, dijo ga se fela go kgotsofatsa tlala mme gape ke go dira gore batho ba ikutlwe ba le karolo ya setlhopha se se rileng le go nna seoposengwe. ==Metswedi== 52mnmmrlnhabrrrxktau2pj9weox8y6 54574 54573 2026-09-07T19:21:02Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54574 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Cuisine of Mongolia.jpg|thumb|Madombi]] '''Madombi''' Madombi [Madombolo] ke sejo se dirwang ka bopi jwa korong jo bo dubilweng go tswang foo bo dirwe dikgolokwenyana; a ka apewa bo le bosi kana bo tsentswe sengwe fa gare. A dirwa ka boupe jwa korong, ditapole , nama, tlhapi, kana diguruntu. A ka apewa ka metsi a kabesiwa, a fufutswa , ka mafura kana ka boubelo. A ka patisiwa ka sengwe fa gare kana a tsenngwe dinatetshi tse dingwe fa go dubiwa. Matlebekwane a kanna sukiri kgotsa letswai. A ka jewa a le osi, ka sopo kana nama. Madombi ke sejo se se rategang thata mo malapeng a le mantsi a kwa Borwa jwa Aforika e bile ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa mo Aforika. Kwa dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Botswana, Lesotho le Zimbabwe, madombi gantsi di jewa le di-stew, nama, merogo le dijo tsa setso jaaka mogodu. Le fa gone madombi a na le mefuta e e farologaneng go ralala lefatshe, mofuta wa tsone wa kwa Aforika Borwa o na le tsela e o itsegeng ka yone mme o amanngwa thata le dijo tse di apewang kwa gae, dijo tsa lelapa le go amogela baeng. ==== Go apewa ga madombi ==== Madombi a Seaforika gantsi a dirwa ka dilo tse di motlhofo tse di jaaka bupi, metsi, yeast kgotsa baking powder, letswai mme ka dinako tse dingwe mashi kgotsa botoro. Bupi jono bo a tlhakatlhakanngwa bo bo bo dirwa dikarolwana pele ga bo apewa ka mouwane kgotsa bo apewa mmogo le sejo se se apeilweng. Seno se felela ka dijo tse di boleta, tse di borethe tse di monyang tatso ya sopo kgotsa ya motswako o di dirisiwang ka one. Malapa a a farologaneng a na le ditsela tsa one tsa go apaya le mekgwa ya one ya go apaya, mo go rayang gore tsela e madombi a leng monate ka yone le tsela e a bopegileng ka yone e ka farologana go ya ka malapa. di botlhokwa thata ka gonne di tlaleletsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso. Ka sekai, sopo e e monate e ka jewa ka dikuku tse di borethe tse di monyang motswako wa yone. Mo dijong tsa Aforika Borwa, madombi e ka jewa le nama ya kgomo, kgogo, mogatla wa kgomo, dinawa, merogo kgotsa mogodu. Go tlhakana gono go dira gore go nne le dijo tse di monate mme go bontsha kafa dijo tse di farologaneng di dirang mmogo ka teng go dira sejo se se feletseng sa lelapa. Botlhokwa jwa setso sa madombi, bo bonala le mo tseleng e di apewang ka yone le e di abiwang ka yone. Mo malapeng a le mantsi mo Aforika, go apaya ke tiro e e dirwang ke botlhe. Maloko a lelapa a ka nna le seabe mo go baakanyeng dijo, fa bana bone ba ithuta ditsela tsa go apaya le mekgwa ya go apaya mo batsading, mo go borremogolo le bommemogolo le mo go ba bangwe ba losika. Ka jalo, madombi di nna karolo ya go fetisetsa kitso mo dikokomaneng tse dingwe. Mokgwa o o rileng wa go apaya madombi e ka nna ngwao ya lelapa e e sa lebalesegeng e bile e boaboelediwa ka dingwaga di le dintsi. ==== Mefuta ya madombi ==== Madombi le one a amanngwa le go amogela baeng. Mo ditsong di le dintsi tsa Aforika, go abelana dijo le baeng ke tsela e e botlhokwa ya go bontsha tlotlo le bopelonomi. Pitsa e kgolo ya setofo e e nang le dikuku e ka nna dijo tsa lelapa kgotsa tsa setlhopha sa baeng. Ka jalo, dijo ga se fela go kgotsofatsa tlala mme gape ke go dira gore batho ba ikutlwe ba le karolo ya setlhopha se se rileng le go nna seoposengwe. Go ratiwa ga madombi le gone go bontsha kafa dijo tsa Seaforika di kgonang go fetofetoga le maemo ka teng. Le fa gone mefuta e e tshwanang ya dijo tse di dirilweng ka bupi e le teng mo dikarolong tse dintsi tsa lefatshe, baapei ba Baaforika ba tsentse madombi mo dijong tsa lefelo leo mme ba di dira gore di tshwanele dilo tse di dirisiwang mo lefelong leo, tsela e di apewang ka yone le tsela e di apewang ka yone. Se se bontsha gore dijo tsa Seaforika ga di a tlhomama; di a gola fa ditšhaba di ntse di dirisana le ditso tse di farologaneng le ditswaki fa di ntse di tsweletse ka dingwao tsa tsone. Fa re konela, re ka re, madombi ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya setso sa dijo sa Aforika Borwa. Go motlhofo go di apaya, di a tshola e bile di dira mo dilong tse dintsi, mme botlhokwa jwa tsone ga bo akaretse fela dilo tse di dirisiwang go di dira. Di amana le lelapa, go amogela baeng, kitso ya setso le setšhaba. Fa di jewa mmogo le dijo tse di jaaka mogodu le nama kgomo tsa setso, madombi di bopa karolo ya ngwao e kgolo ya go apaya ya Seaforika e mo go yone dijo di kopanyang batho le go thusa go boloka setso sa bone. ==Metswedi== ikkfg9bil59t619yt17rl9ctmedfr1n 54575 54574 2026-09-07T19:21:38Z Reagoleboga 10854 54575 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Cuisine of Mongolia.jpg|thumb|Madombi]] '''Madombi''' Madombi [Madombolo] ke sejo se dirwang ka bopi jwa korong jo bo dubilweng go tswang foo bo dirwe dikgolokwenyana; a ka apewa bo le bosi kana bo tsentswe sengwe fa gare. A dirwa ka boupe jwa korong, ditapole , nama, tlhapi, kana diguruntu. A ka apewa ka metsi a kabesiwa, a fufutswa , ka mafura kana ka boubelo. A ka patisiwa ka sengwe fa gare kana a tsenngwe dinatetshi tse dingwe fa go dubiwa. Matlebekwane a kanna sukiri kgotsa letswai. A ka jewa a le osi, ka sopo kana nama. Madombi ke sejo se se rategang thata mo malapeng a le mantsi a kwa Borwa jwa Aforika e bile ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa mo Aforika. Kwa dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Botswana, Lesotho le Zimbabwe, madombi gantsi di jewa le di-stew, nama, merogo le dijo tsa setso jaaka mogodu. Le fa gone madombi a na le mefuta e e farologaneng go ralala lefatshe, mofuta wa tsone wa kwa Aforika Borwa o na le tsela e o itsegeng ka yone mme o amanngwa thata le dijo tse di apewang kwa gae, dijo tsa lelapa le go amogela baeng. ==== Go apewa ga madombi ==== Madombi a Seaforika gantsi a dirwa ka dilo tse di motlhofo tse di jaaka bupi, metsi, yeast kgotsa baking powder, letswai mme ka dinako tse dingwe mashi kgotsa botoro. Bupi jono bo a tlhakatlhakanngwa bo bo bo dirwa dikarolwana pele ga bo apewa ka mouwane kgotsa bo apewa mmogo le sejo se se apeilweng. Seno se felela ka dijo tse di boleta, tse di borethe tse di monyang tatso ya sopo kgotsa ya motswako o di dirisiwang ka one. Malapa a a farologaneng a na le ditsela tsa one tsa go apaya le mekgwa ya one ya go apaya, mo go rayang gore tsela e madombi a leng monate ka yone le tsela e a bopegileng ka yone e ka farologana go ya ka malapa. di botlhokwa thata ka gonne di tlaleletsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso. Ka sekai, sopo e e monate e ka jewa ka dikuku tse di borethe tse di monyang motswako wa yone. Mo dijong tsa Aforika Borwa, madombi e ka jewa le nama ya kgomo, kgogo, mogatla wa kgomo, dinawa, merogo kgotsa mogodu. Go tlhakana gono go dira gore go nne le dijo tse di monate mme go bontsha kafa dijo tse di farologaneng di dirang mmogo ka teng go dira sejo se se feletseng sa lelapa. Botlhokwa jwa setso sa madombi, bo bonala le mo tseleng e di apewang ka yone le e di abiwang ka yone. Mo malapeng a le mantsi mo Aforika, go apaya ke tiro e e dirwang ke botlhe. Maloko a lelapa a ka nna le seabe mo go baakanyeng dijo, fa bana bone ba ithuta ditsela tsa go apaya le mekgwa ya go apaya mo batsading, mo go borremogolo le bommemogolo le mo go ba bangwe ba losika. Ka jalo, madombi di nna karolo ya go fetisetsa kitso mo dikokomaneng tse dingwe. Mokgwa o o rileng wa go apaya madombi e ka nna ngwao ya lelapa e e sa lebalesegeng e bile e boaboelediwa ka dingwaga di le dintsi. ==== Mefuta ya madombi ==== Madombi le one a amanngwa le go amogela baeng. Mo ditsong di le dintsi tsa Aforika, go abelana dijo le baeng ke tsela e e botlhokwa ya go bontsha tlotlo le bopelonomi. Pitsa e kgolo ya setofo e e nang le dikuku e ka nna dijo tsa lelapa kgotsa tsa setlhopha sa baeng. Ka jalo, dijo ga se fela go kgotsofatsa tlala mme gape ke go dira gore batho ba ikutlwe ba le karolo ya setlhopha se se rileng le go nna seoposengwe. Go ratiwa ga madombi le gone go bontsha kafa dijo tsa Seaforika di kgonang go fetofetoga le maemo ka teng. Le fa gone mefuta e e tshwanang ya dijo tse di dirilweng ka bupi e le teng mo dikarolong tse dintsi tsa lefatshe, baapei ba Baaforika ba tsentse madombi mo dijong tsa lefelo leo mme ba di dira gore di tshwanele dilo tse di dirisiwang mo lefelong leo, tsela e di apewang ka yone le tsela e di apewang ka yone. Se se bontsha gore dijo tsa Seaforika ga di a tlhomama; di a gola fa ditšhaba di ntse di dirisana le ditso tse di farologaneng le ditswaki fa di ntse di tsweletse ka dingwao tsa tsone. Fa re konela, re ka re, madombi ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya setso sa dijo sa Aforika Borwa. Go motlhofo go di apaya, di a tshola e bile di dira mo dilong tse dintsi, mme botlhokwa jwa tsone ga bo akaretse fela dilo tse di dirisiwang go di dira. Di amana le lelapa, go amogela baeng, kitso ya setso le setšhaba. Fa di jewa mmogo le dijo tse di jaaka mogodu le nama kgomo tsa setso, madombi di bopa karolo ya ngwao e kgolo ya go apaya ya Seaforika e mo go yone dijo di kopanyang batho le go thusa go boloka setso sa bone. ==Metswedi== [[Category: Madomibi]] [[Category: Madombolo]] eerlnyk3m8ye1yzju8jl8ajov4l381n 54576 54575 2026-09-07T19:23:26Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54576 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Cuisine of Mongolia.jpg|thumb|Madombi]] '''Madombi''' Madombi [Madombolo] ke sejo se dirwang ka bopi jwa korong jo bo dubilweng go tswang foo bo dirwe dikgolokwenyana; a ka apewa bo le bosi kana bo tsentswe sengwe fa gare. A dirwa ka boupe jwa korong, ditapole , nama, tlhapi, kana diguruntu. A ka apewa ka metsi a kabesiwa, a fufutswa , ka mafura kana ka boubelo. A ka patisiwa ka sengwe fa gare kana a tsenngwe dinatetshi tse dingwe fa go dubiwa. Matlebekwane a kanna sukiri kgotsa letswai. A ka jewa a le osi, ka sopo kana nama. Madombi ke sejo se se rategang thata mo malapeng a le mantsi a kwa Borwa jwa Aforika e bile ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa mo Aforika. Kwa dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Botswana, Lesotho le Zimbabwe, madombi gantsi di jewa le di-stew, nama, merogo le dijo tsa setso jaaka mogodu. Le fa gone madombi a na le mefuta e e farologaneng go ralala lefatshe, mofuta wa tsone wa kwa Aforika Borwa o na le tsela e o itsegeng ka yone mme o amanngwa thata le dijo tse di apewang kwa gae, dijo tsa lelapa le go amogela baeng.<ref name=":0">https://www.foodformzansi.co.za/lesdachef-mzansi-mourns-king-of-mogodu-and-ledombolo/</ref> ==== Go apewa ga madombi ==== Madombi a Seaforika gantsi a dirwa ka dilo tse di motlhofo tse di jaaka bupi, metsi, yeast kgotsa baking powder, letswai mme ka dinako tse dingwe mashi kgotsa botoro. Bupi jono bo a tlhakatlhakanngwa bo bo bo dirwa dikarolwana pele ga bo apewa ka mouwane kgotsa bo apewa mmogo le sejo se se apeilweng. Seno se felela ka dijo tse di boleta, tse di borethe tse di monyang tatso ya sopo kgotsa ya motswako o di dirisiwang ka one. Malapa a a farologaneng a na le ditsela tsa one tsa go apaya le mekgwa ya one ya go apaya, mo go rayang gore tsela e madombi a leng monate ka yone le tsela e a bopegileng ka yone e ka farologana go ya ka malapa. di botlhokwa thata ka gonne di tlaleletsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso. Ka sekai, sopo e e monate e ka jewa ka dikuku tse di borethe tse di monyang motswako wa yone. Mo dijong tsa Aforika Borwa, madombi e ka jewa le nama ya kgomo, kgogo, mogatla wa kgomo, dinawa, merogo kgotsa mogodu. Go tlhakana gono go dira gore go nne le dijo tse di monate mme go bontsha kafa dijo tse di farologaneng di dirang mmogo ka teng go dira sejo se se feletseng sa lelapa.<ref name=":1">https://www.foodformzansi.co.za/mzansi-flavour-lesdachef-big-man-in-the-kitchen/</ref> Botlhokwa jwa setso sa madombi, bo bonala le mo tseleng e di apewang ka yone le e di abiwang ka yone. Mo malapeng a le mantsi mo Aforika, go apaya ke tiro e e dirwang ke botlhe. Maloko a lelapa a ka nna le seabe mo go baakanyeng dijo, fa bana bone ba ithuta ditsela tsa go apaya le mekgwa ya go apaya mo batsading, mo go borremogolo le bommemogolo le mo go ba bangwe ba losika. Ka jalo, madombi di nna karolo ya go fetisetsa kitso mo dikokomaneng tse dingwe. Mokgwa o o rileng wa go apaya madombi e ka nna ngwao ya lelapa e e sa lebalesegeng e bile e boaboelediwa ka dingwaga di le dintsi.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Mefuta ya madombi ==== Madombi le one a amanngwa le go amogela baeng. Mo ditsong di le dintsi tsa Aforika, go abelana dijo le baeng ke tsela e e botlhokwa ya go bontsha tlotlo le bopelonomi. Pitsa e kgolo ya setofo e e nang le dikuku e ka nna dijo tsa lelapa kgotsa tsa setlhopha sa baeng. Ka jalo, dijo ga se fela go kgotsofatsa tlala mme gape ke go dira gore batho ba ikutlwe ba le karolo ya setlhopha se se rileng le go nna seoposengwe. Go ratiwa ga madombi le gone go bontsha kafa dijo tsa Seaforika di kgonang go fetofetoga le maemo ka teng. Le fa gone mefuta e e tshwanang ya dijo tse di dirilweng ka bupi e le teng mo dikarolong tse dintsi tsa lefatshe, baapei ba Baaforika ba tsentse madombi mo dijong tsa lefelo leo mme ba di dira gore di tshwanele dilo tse di dirisiwang mo lefelong leo, tsela e di apewang ka yone le tsela e di apewang ka yone. Se se bontsha gore dijo tsa Seaforika ga di a tlhomama; di a gola fa ditšhaba di ntse di dirisana le ditso tse di farologaneng le ditswaki fa di ntse di tsweletse ka dingwao tsa tsone. Fa re konela, re ka re, madombi ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya setso sa dijo sa Aforika Borwa. Go motlhofo go di apaya, di a tshola e bile di dira mo dilong tse dintsi, mme botlhokwa jwa tsone ga bo akaretse fela dilo tse di dirisiwang go di dira. Di amana le lelapa, go amogela baeng, kitso ya setso le setšhaba. Fa di jewa mmogo le dijo tse di jaaka mogodu le nama kgomo tsa setso, madombi di bopa karolo ya ngwao e kgolo ya go apaya ya Seaforika e mo go yone dijo di kopanyang batho le go thusa go boloka setso sa bone.<ref name=":0" /> ==Metswedi== [[Category: Madomibi]] [[Category: Madombolo]] ccbib9km2bjr3t7g42lrzmxe0bo8dtp 0 5048 54580 54059 2026-09-08T00:09:54Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Albertina Sisulu|image=Albertina Sisulu.jpg|caption=Albertina Sisulu ka 2007|office=Mopalamente|term_start=Motsheganong 1994|term_end=Seetebosigo 1999|office1=Mothusa tona wa ntlha wa lekgotla la bomme la [[African National Congress]]|term_start1=Moranang 1991|term_end1=Morule 1993|president1=[[Gertrude Shope]]|successor1=[[Thandi Modise]]|birth_name=Nontsikelelo Thethiwe|birth_date=Phalane a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2011|birth_place=Camama, [[Aforika Borwa]]|death_date=Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2011|death_place=[[Johannesburg]] [[Aforika Borwa]]|party=[[African National Congress]]|otherparty=[[United Democratic Front]]|spouse=[[Walter Sisulu]]|children=Ba le batlhano ba akaretsa, [[Max]], [[Mlungisi]], [[Zwelakhe]] le [[Lindiwe]] ba le bararo ba ba amogetsweng ba akaretsa [[Beryl]]|occupation=Mopoltiki, mooki, molwela ditshwanelo|awards=Seetsele sa [[Isitwalandwe]] (ka 2019)|nickname=Ma Sisulu. Ntsiki}} '''Albertina Sisulu''' OMSG (o o bidiwang '''Nontsikelelo Thethiwe''' gape; a tshotswe ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 1918 a tlhokafala ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2011) e ne e le molwela ditshwanelo o o kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele wa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E ne e le leloko la [[African National Congress]] (ANC), e ne e le tautona o mongwe wa [[United Democratic Front]] fa e tlhamiwa. Kwa Aforika Borwa, kwa a neng a bidiwa '''Ma Sisulu''' e le go supa lorato, gantsi o bidiwa motsadi wa lefatshe. O tsholetswe kwa [[Transkei]], o ne a fudugela [[Johannesburg]] ka 1940 e le mooki ka tiro. O tsene mo polotiking ka go nyalwa ke [[Walter Sisulu]], a nna le seabe mo go lweleng ditshwanelo morago ga Walter a sena go isiwa kgolegelong ka tsheko ya [[Rivonia]]. Ka dingwaga tsa 1980, o ne a nna moeteledipele wa setshaba kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa [[Soweto]], a nna mo maemong a tlhwatlhwa mo go tlhamiweng ga UDF le go tsosolosiwa ga lekgotla la bomme ba Aforika Borwa. Ka dingwaga tsa 1964 go tsena 1989, o ne a nna a lebanwe ke motseletsele wa ditaelo tsa go kganelwa. Fa godimo ga go tshwarwa a sa sekisiwa, o ne a lebisiwa melato makgetho a le mararo: molato wa gagwe wa go tlola molao wa teseletso ka 1958 o ne wa itshwarelwa, o ne a lebisiwa molato wa go tlola molao wa bosetshaba ka 1984, a itshwarelwa go tlola molao wa tshireletso ka tsheko ya 1985 ya thankgolo puso kwa [[Pietermaritzburg]]. Fa puso ya tlhaolele e sena go fela, Sisulu o ne a emela ANC kwa palamenteng ya ntlha ya puso ya batho ka batho pele ga a ithola marapo mo polotiking ka 1999 E ne e le mothusa tona wa lekgotla la bomme ba ANC go tswa ka 1991 go tsena 1993 gape e le leloko la komiti ya ANC go tswa ka 1991 go tsena 1994. == Botshelo jwa gagwe a le mmotlana le thuto == Sisulu o tshotswe ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 1918 kwa Camama, motsana o o kwa kgaolong ya [[Tsomo]] kwa [[Transkei]].<ref name=":0">Sisulu, Elinor (2003). [[iarchive:walteralbertinas0000sisu/page/231|''Walter and Albertina Sisulu: In Our Lifetime''.]] New Africa Books. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-86486-639-9|<bdi>0-86486-639-9</bdi>.]]</ref> E ne e le ngwana wa bobedi mo baneng ba le batlhano kwa lolwapeng lwa ba Xhosa (Mfengu).<ref name=":1">Isaacson, Maureen (6 June 2011). [https://iol.co.za/sundayindependent/news/2011-06-06-sisulu-a-life-well-lived/ "Sisulu: A life well lived".] ''Independent''. Retrieved 02 December 2025</ref> Rraagwe, ebong Bonizilwe Thetiwe, e ne e le mmereki wa motswakwa o o berekileng ka lobaka kwa meepong ya gouta kwa [[Transvaal]], mmagwe ebong Monica Thetiwe (o a neng a fana ka Mnyila pele) o ne a koafadiwa ke sehuba sa spanish se a se lwetseng fa a itsholofetse ka Sisulu.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">Herbstein, Denis (12 June 2011). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/albertina-sisulu-nurse-and-freedom-fighter-revered-by-south-africans-as-the-mother-of-the-nation-2296689.html "Albertina Sisulu: Nurse and freedom fighter revered by South Africans as the mother of the nation"]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved 02 December 2025</ref> Sisulu le batsalwa le ene ba godile ba nna le bo mmabomogolo kwa motseng wa Xolobe, kwa Sisulu a simolotseng sekolo teng. Le ntswa ba lolwapa ba ne ba mmitsa Ntsiki botshelo jwa gagwe jotlhe, leina la Albertina o le dirisitse kwa sekolong, a le tlhopha mo lenaaneng la maina a seKeresete a Yuropa a a neng a filwe ke barutabana ba bodiredi.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1929,fa mmaagwe Sisulu a itsholofetse ka ngwana wa gagwe wa botlhano ebile e le wa bofelo, rragwe Sisulu o ne a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya bolwetse jwa mahatlha kwa Camama.<ref name=":0" /> Mmaagwe o ne a tswelela a lwala go fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka 1941,ka jalo Sisulu e le ngwana wa mosetsana o motona o ne a nna motlhokomedi wa bommonnawe le bo ntsalae, a patelesega go emisa thuto ya gagwe gangwe le gape.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">McGregor, Liz (6 June 2011). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/06/albertina-sisulu-obituary "Albertina Sisulu obituary".] ''The Guardian''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0261-3077 0261-3077]. Retrieved 02 December 2025</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka 1936, o ne a amogela thuso ya madi a sekolo go tsweledisa thuto e kgolwane kwa Mariazell, sekolo se se nang le boroko se se kwa [[Matatiele]].<ref name=":0" /> O ne a itshetsa ka go lema masimo le go bereka kwa go tlhatswediwang teng ka malatsi a boitapoloso.<ref name=":2" /> A sa tswa go fetogela kwa kerekeng ya Roma, o ne a ikaelela go nna moitlami wa mokgatlho wa bodumedi (nun) kgotsa mogokgo wa sekolo, mme moeteledipele wa sekolo, Father Bernard Huss o ne a mo thusa go tsaya tshwetso ya go nna mooki morago fa go fetsa sekolo ka 1939.<ref name=":2" /> == Go lwela ditshwanelo kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele == Ka Firikgong 1940,Sisulu o ne a fudugela kwa [[Johannesburg]], kwa a neng a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya booki e le moithuti kwa lekalaneng le e seng la Yuropa kwa sepateleng sa Johannesburg General Hospital.<ref name=":2" /> O ne a nna mooki o o tletseng ka 1944, morago a nna mmelegisi gape.<ref name=":4">Leist, Reiner (September 1991). [https://web.archive.org/web/19991005090429/http://www.anc.org.za/people/sisulu_a.html "Albertina Sisulu".] ''Blue Portraits''. Archived from [http://www.anc.org.za/people/sisulu_a.html the original] on 5 October 1999. Retrieved 03 December 2025 – via African National Congress.</ref> Dikgatlhego tsa gagwe mo sepolotiking di godile ka go amana le [[Walter Sisulu]], e le morekisi wa matlo le molweladitshwanelo wa [[African National Congress]] (ANC) o a neng a mo nyala. O ne a simolola go tsenelela dikopano tsa ANC e se leloko e le mopati wa gagwe.<ref name=":5">Sisulu, Elinor (10 June 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140202151200/http://www.thenewage.co.za/20336-1007-53-Tribute_Life%2C_love_and_times_of_the_Sisulus "Tribute: Life, love and times of the Sisulus".] ''The New Age''. Archived from [https://sashares.co.za/the-new-age/ the original] on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 03 November 2025</ref> Mo tlhalosong ya gagwe, "ke ne ke sena dikakanyo tsa sepolotiki. Ke ne ke sena kgatlhego go fitlhelela ke kopana le Walter.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20020615160813/http://www.anc.org.za/people/albertina.html "Albertina Sisulu, Freedom Fighter"]. ''Sechaba''. October 1988. Archived from [http://www.anc.org.za/people/albertina.html the original] on 15 June 2002. Retrieved 03 December 2025– via [[African National Congress|African National Congress.]]</ref> [[Ellen Khuzwayo|Ellen Kuzwayo]] , mongwe wa basadi ba le mmalwa ba ba neng ba le teng kwa dikopanong , o mo gakologelwa a le boikobo, a direla maloko a a neng a le kwa bokopanong tee morago ga dikopano tse di telele tse di tseneletseng.<ref name=":5" /> Fa a le mosadi wa ga Walter, e ne e ele ene fela mosadi o a neng a le teng kwa bokopanong jwa ntlha jwa lekgotla la ANC la banana ka 1944.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Bell, Jo (2021). ''On This Day She: Putting Women Back Into History, One Day at a Time''. Tania Hershman, Ailsa Holland. London: Metro. p. 282. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-78946-271-5|978-1-78946-271-5]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC#OCLC|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/1250378425 1250378425.]</ref> Go ya ka Pippa Green, o nnile leloko la lekgotla la bomme la ANC ka 1946.<ref name=":6">Green, Pippa (9 June 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20251203114011/https://allafrica.com/stories/201106090005.html "Albertina Sisulu's Story of Persecution and Suffering, Love and Triumph".] ''allAfrica''. Retrieved 03 November 2025</ref> Fa godimo ga foo, lolwapa loora Sisulu kwa [[Orlando]] Bophirima, motsana o o kwa [[Soweto]], kwa ntle g[[a Johannesburg]], lo ne lo dirisiwa go tshwara dikopano tsa baeteledipele ba ANC.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7">Bearak, Barry (5 June 2011). [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/06/world/africa/06sisulu.html?ref=deathsobituaries "Albertina Sisulu, Who Helped Lead Apartheid Fight, Dies at 92"]. ''The New York Times''.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ditiro tsa monna wa gagwe tsa sepolotiki di ne tsa dira gore Sisulu e nne ene a tsenyang madi mo lwapeng, o ne a seka a tsaya karolo mo ditirelong tsa ANC go fitlheleka ka dingwaga tsa 1950, ka nako e phathi e neng ya itsise lenaneo la yone la puso ya tlhaolele.<ref name=":0" /> O ne a seka a tsaya karolo mo letsholong la 1952 la go tsepama, ka nako e Walter a neng a tshwarwa a lebisiwa molato wa bosetshaba; fa a boelela melao ya ANC, "fa mongwe wa maloko a lolwapa a setse a tlola molao, re ka se tsamae rotlhe, ka go ne go na le bana ba ba neng ba tshwanetse go tlhokomelwa".<ref name=":6" /> === 1948 go tsena 1963: pele ga tsheko ya Rivonia === Go nna kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele go ne ga ya magoletsa ka 1954 le 1955,Sisulu o ne a tsaya karolo mo matsholong a le mmalwa a a amanang. O ne a tlhophiwa go ya komiting ya bomme ba Aforika Borwa ya Federation of South African Women (FEDSAW) fa le tlhamiwa ka 1954.<ref>Green, Pippa (9 June 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20251203114011/https://allafrica.com/stories/201106090005.html "Albertina Sisulu's Story of Persecution and Suffering, Love and Triumph"]. ''allAfrica''. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Ka 1955, o ne a tsaya karolo mo lekgotleng la kgololesego a anamisa dipampitshana pele ga bokopano jwa batho, a boa gape a tsaya karolo mo go ngaleng dikolo tsa setshaba e le go ema kgatlhanong le molao wa thuto ya Bantu; ntlo ya boora Sisulu e ne ya nna sekolo sa nakwana se se neng se tlhomilwe koo e le bontlha jwa go ema kgatlhanong.<ref name=":0" /> O ne a le teng kwa mogwantong wa basadi wa Phatwe 1956 kwa [[Pretoria Sotho|Pretoria]],<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2016-08-25-60-iconic-women-the-people-behind-the-1956-womens-march-to-pretoria/ "60 Iconic Women — The people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria"]. ''The Mail & Guardian''. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 03 November 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.news24.com/albertina-sisulu-never-aimed-for-politics-20110602 "Albertina Sisulu never aimed for politics".] ''News24''. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> kwa Phalane 1958 o ne a tshwarwa e le lantlha a lebisiwa molato wa go tsaya karolo mo mogwantong o mongwe wa basadi kgatlhanong le dibukana tsa go itshupa.<ref name=":0" /> O ne a bewa dibeke di le tharo kwa kgolegelong ka go tlhoka go sala morago molao wa dibukana tsa ditshupo, mme a felela a gololwa, tsala ya monna wa gagwe Nelson Mandela e le mmueledi wa gagwe.<ref name=":6" /><ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-06-02-struggle-heroine-albertina-sisulu-dies/ "Struggle heroine Albertina Sisulu dies".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa 1960, o ne a tsaya karolo mo lenaneong la ANC la go thapa baoki e le baithaopi go fudugela kwa [[Tanganyika]] o jaanong a neng a gololesegile, e le thuso e e yang kwa go [[Julius Nyerere]] go tswa kwa go [[Oliver Tambo]].<ref>[https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/untold-story-of-south-african-nurses-who-helped-tanzania-after-british-nurses-refused-to-work-under-black-leadership-4163664 "Untold story of South African nurses who helped Tanzania after British nurses refused to work under black leadership".] ''The Citizen''. 18 March 2023. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2003-11-08-the-story-of-albertina-sisulus-nurses/ "The story of Albertina Sisulu's nurses"]. ''The Mail & Guardian''. 8 November 2003. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Monna wa ga Sisulu e ne e le mosekisiwa mo tshekong ya 1956 go tsena 1961 ya thankgolo puso, lolwapa lwa bone lwa tshabelelwa ke go bewa leitlho ke makalana a tshireletso le go tlhaselwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://www.news24.com/life/archive/albertina-sisulus-story-20060808 "Albertina Sisulu's story".] ''News24''. 8 August 2006. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Morago ga tsuologo ya [[Sharpville]] ya 1960, puso ya tlhaolele e ne ya kganela ANC le makgotla a a amanang le yone, moragonyana, ANC e ne ya itsise tshimololo ya kgaratlho ya dibetsa. Monna wa gagwe, e le mosimolodi wa [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]], o ne a tshaba a iphitlha kwa tlase ga lefatshe ka 1963. Ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga oo, Sisulu o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tshwarwa mo molaong wa kiletso ya malatsi a le masome a robabongwe: molao o o neng o sa tswa go simololwa wa 1963 o ne o letla mapodisi go tshwara balwela ditshwanelo ba sa ba bolelela.<ref name=":1" /> Ka nako e ba e batlang ebile ba sa ba lebisa melato epe. O ne a bewa a le nosi kwa kgolegelong, a tlhotlhomisiwa ka lobaka ka kwa Walter a leng teng. O ne a gololwa morago ga gore monna wa gagwe le maloko a mangwe a ANC ba tshwarwe kwa Rivonia ka Phukwi 1963<ref name=":2" />. Tsheko ya [[Rivonia]] e ne ya fela ka Seetebosigo 1964 Walter a atlholetswe botshelo botlhe mo toronkong. Ka nako ya tsheko, Sisulu o ne a oketsa seabe sa gagwe mo lekgotleng la ANC la basadi.<ref name=":0" /> === 1964 go tsena 1989: morago ga tsheko ya Rivonia === {{Quote|quote=Ke ne ke itse gore ke eng puso e ne e sa nthate. Ke ka ntlha ya gore ke ne ke le kgatlhanong le tlhaolele. Ke ne ke itse gore ke mmaba wa puso. Ga gona sepe se se ka bong se intumedisitse le go fetisa.|source=– -Sisulu a bua ka go bogisiwa ga gagwe ke puso ya tlhaolele.<ref name=":19" />}} Ka Phatwe 1964, morago ga dikatlholo tsa Rivonia, Sisulu o ne a lebisiwa kiletso ya ntlha mo metseletseleng ya dikeletso.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a ilediwa gangwe le haoe dingwaga tse di lesome le bosuoa tse di latelang, a ilediwa go tsaya karolo mo dipolotiking ebile a kganeletswe mo ntlong dingwaga di le mmalwa.<ref name=":0" /> Tona wa melao le thokgamo o ne a letla kiletso ya gagwe ya bone go fela ka Phatwe 1981, o ne a ipela ka go bua e le lantlha mo polotiking fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa 1960 - kwa moletlong wa go ikgopotsa mogwanto wa basadi kwa kerekeng nngwe.<ref name=":8">Lelyveld, Joseph (24 August 1981). [https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/24/world/a-soweto-woman-regains-her-political-voice.html "A Soweto Woman Regains Her Political Voice]". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Kgololesego e ne ya nna sebaka sa ngwaga pele ga a tshwarwa gape a ilediwa gape e le la botlhano ka Seetebosigo 1982;<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/dated-event/fifth-banning-order-albertina-sisulu "Fifth banning order for Albertina Sisulu"]. ''South African History Online''. 16 March 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> taelo e o e ne e le bontlha jwa tse di neng di dirilwe kwa Soweto ka nako ya segopotso tsa [[tsulologo ya Soweto]] ya 1976.<ref>Lelyveld, Joseph (17 June 1982). [https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/17/world/south-african-police-and-youths-clash-outside-a-church-in-soweto.html "South African Police and Youths Clash Outside a Church in Soweto".] ''The New York Times''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka nako eo yotlhe, Sisulu o ne a tswelela e le motho wa tlhwatlhwa mo letsholong le le kgatlhanong, a lemogiwa ka go itebaganya le go rulaganya mo lefatsheng ka bophara e seng mo gae fela. O nnile le thotloetso mo go baakanyetseng go tlhamiwa ga [[United Democratic Front]] (UDF), e e neng e le lekgotla le le neng le itsege ka go nna kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele le le tlhamilweng ka 1983, le mo letsholong la go tsosolosa FEDSAW.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/2011/06/03/AG4i7PIH_story.html "Albertina Sisulu, veteran of anti-apartheid movement, dies at 92".] ''Washington Post''. 3 June 2011. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Go tswa ka dingwaga tsa 1970, o ne a nna matlhagatlhaga mo go katiseng bomme ba ba botlana ba balweladitshwanelo ba tshwana le [[Jessie Duarte]] le [[Susan Shabangu]]; Duarte morago o ne a re baithuti ba ga Sisulu ba ne ba ipitsa banyana ba ga MaSisulu, o ne a nna le seabe se setona mo go tlhamiweng ga lekgotla la basadi le le sephiri la ANC kwa Soweto le bidiwa ''Thusang Basadi''.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Tsheko ya boditshaba le go tlhamiwa ga UDF ==== Kiletso ya ga Sisulu ya Seetebosigo 1982 e ne ya letlelelwa go fela morago ga ngwaga<ref>Lelyveld, Joseph (2 July 1983). [https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/02/world/pretoria-ends-banning-orders-for-50.html "Pretoria Ends Banning Orders for 50".] ''The New York Times''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0362-4331 0362-4331.] Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref>, ka Phukwi 1983 o ne a tsenelela dikopano tsa komiti e e neng e rulaganyetsa go tlhamiwa ga UDF.<ref name=":0" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka Phatwe a le malatsi a matlhano o ne a tshwarwa gape kwa lefelong la mmereko a lebisiwa molato wa go fitlha boditshaba.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/08/09/s-africa-jails-woman-weeks-after-lifting-17-year-house-arrest/07dbbdde-0ae5-479f-b050-174e0b5ed869/ "S. Africa Jails Woman Weeks After Lifting 17-Year House Arrest".] ''Washington Post''. 9 August 1983. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Ene le o a neng a tshwerwe le ene molwela ditshwanelo Thami Mali, ba ne ba lebisiwa molato wa go rulaganya go tsweledisa maikaelelo a ANC e e neng e ileditswe, go amana le seabe sa bone mo go rulaganyeng phitlho ya ga Rose Mbele, lebutswapele la lekgotla la basadi ba ANC. Phitlho e ne e dirilwe dikgwedi kwa morago, ka Firikgong a le lesome le borataro 1983 kwa kerekeng kwa Soweto, melato e o e ne e bonwa e le maipato a go tshwata Sisulu pele ga go tlhomamisiwa ga UDF.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ka Phatwe, fa Sisulh a emetse tsheko a le mo kgolegelong a le esi kwa [[Diepkloof]], UDF e ne ya tlhomamisiwa. O ne a tlhophiwa a seo go nna tautona wa kgaolo ya Transvaal wa UDF, kwa tlhomamisong ya lekgotla leo kwa Mitchell's Plain ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi, e le mongwe wa botautona ba bararo ba UDF, ba bangwe e le [[Oscar Mpetha]] le [[Archie Gumede]].<ref name=":0" /> Tsheko ya gagwe e ne ya simologa kwa [[Krugersdorp]] moragonyana, [[George Bizos]] e le mmueledi wa gagwe. Ka Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 1984, mo katlholong e e neng ya kgalwa ke komiti e e faphegileng ya [[United Nations General Assembly|United Nations]] kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele, o ne a atlholelwa dingwaga di le nne mo kgolegelong, tse pedi di seegetswe kwa thoko dingwaga di le tlhano.<ref name=":0" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a bulelwa a emetse go ikuela, se se mo letla go tsweledisa ditirelo tsa gagwe tsa sepolotiki;<ref name=":6" /> e ne ya re a bua ka seo are morago ga dikgwedi tse dintsi di tlhomagane ke le nosi mo kgolegelong, ke ne ka tswa ke bua le mabota. Ikuelo kgatlhanong le katlholo ya gagwe e ne ya tshwarwa ka 1987.<ref name=":9">[https://mg.co.za/article/1988-02-26-00-pen-portraits-of-a-dozen-of-those-banned-yesterday/ "Pen portraits of a dozen of those banned yesterday".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 25 February 1988. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> ==== Abu Baker Asvat le Mandela United ==== Ka 1983, Sisulu o ne a ithola marapo mo booking jwa setshaba, a le mo dingwageng tsa go tlogela tiro ka bogodi, a amogela madi a gagwe a go tlogela tiro.<ref name=":4" /> Ngwaga o o latelang, morago ga tsheko ya gagwe o ne a bereka e le sefatlhego sa kompone gape e le mothusi wa mooki kwa [[Rockville]], [[Soweto]] kwa ofising ya loaro e e ikemetseng ya ga [[Abu Baker Asvat]], ngaka o a neng a itsege ka go batla go tlhokomela batho. Le ntswa Asvat e ne e le leloko le le eteletseng pele [[Azania People's Organisation]], e e neng e phadisana le UDF, bobedi joo ba ne ba bereka sentle mmogo;<ref name=":10">[https://mg.co.za/article/1989-02-03-profile-abu-asvat/ "Profile: Abu Asvat".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 2 February 1989. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> morago o ne a re ba ne ba tshwana le ngwana le morwae,<ref name=":11">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/star-witness-refuses-to-damn-winnie-1286384.html "Star witness refuses to damn Winnie".] ''The Independent''. 2 December 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> o ne a seka a ganana le ditiro tsa ga Sisulu tsa sepolotiki tse di neng di tsweletse.<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Winnie Mandela 2.jpg|thumb|Sisulu o ne a sa utlwane sentle le [[Winnie Madikizela-Mandela]]]] Sisulu o ne a na le botsalano jo bo makgwakgwa le [[Winnie Madikizela-Mandela]]. Nako e e ne e tshwailwe ke go oketsega ga kgotlhang gareng ga Sisulu le Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, mosadi wa ga [[Nelson Mandela]], o setlhopha sa gagwe sa kgwele ya dinao sa [[Mandela United Football Club]] se neng se tsaya karolo mo go tlhaseleng batho le go nyenyafatsa kwa Soweto go tswa ka 1986 go ya pele. Ka ntlha ya botsalano jwa banna ba bone, Sisulu le Madikizela-Mandela ba ne ba utlwana ka dingwaga tsa bone tsa bonana; ba tshwarwa mmogo ka 1958, Sisulu o ne a alafile Mandela fa a le gaufi le go senyegelwa ke boimana jwa ngwana wa gagwe wa ntlha kwa kgolegelong.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":12">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1996/04/20/south-africas-mother-figures/aeb5cc15-21eb-4915-bebf-6d91aa409db5/ "South Africa's Mother Figures".] ''Washington Post''. 19 April 1996. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka dingwaga tsa 1980, botsalano jwa bone bo ne jwa senyega ka Sisulu a ne a lekile go emisa madi a Mandela United.<ref name=":0" /> Morago Sisulu o ne a re,"jaaka mosadi, ke lekile go mo ntsha mo go seo...nna le Winnie ga re ise ke re nne baba, ke ne ke leka go mo thusa".<ref name=":12" /> Go ya ka moitseanape wa ditso [[Johhny Steinberg,]] maloko a mangwe a setshaba a ne a roma Sisulu go begela baeteledipele ba ANC ba ba tshabetseng kwa [[Lusaka]], [[Zambia]]<ref>Malan, Rian (9 June 2023). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250212011441/https://www.vryeweekblad.com/en/opinions-and-debate/2023-06-09-the-moral-icon-and-the-murderess/ "The moral icon and the murderess".] ''Vrye Weekblad'' (in Afrikaans). Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> ka matshwenyego a bone ka maitshwaro a ga  Madikizela-Mandela. Dingwaga tse di latelang, ka ntlha ya maemo a banna ba bone, metswedi ya dikgang gantsi e ne e supa Sisulu le Madikizela-Mandela e le dikao tse di sa tshwaneng tsa go lwela ditshwanelo ga basadi. ba tshwantshanya go nna le kelelelo ga ga Sisulu le go tenega motlhofo ga ga Madikizela-Mandela.<ref name=":12" /><ref>[https://www.litnet.co.za/love-time-burning-remembering-winnie-mandela/ "Love in a time of burning: Remembering Winnie Mandela".] ''LitNet''. 3 April 2018. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref><ref>Gilbey, Emma (14 April 1992). [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/14/opinion/winnie-mandelas-rise-and-fall.html "Winnie Mandela's Rise and Fall".] ''The New York Times''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0362-4331 0362-4331.] Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Ka nako eo Asvat o ne a sa itsege mo setshabeng sa soweto le puso; ka 1987, Sisulu o ne a na le ene fa a falola go tlhabiwa ka thipa, ka Morule 1988, ba ne ba bereka go sena metsi le motlakase morago ga ba kgaolelwa ka loarong lwa bone.<ref name=":10" /> Mo motshegareng wa Firikgong a le masome mabedi le bosupa 1989, Asvat o ne a bolawa ka go thuntshiwa ka tlhobolo kwa ofising ya gagwe ya loaro fa Sisulu a ne a le kwa morago kwa go fiwang melemo teng, o ne a tlhokafala moragonyana mo bo leng teng jwa ga Sisulu. O ne a amogetse motho o o mo thuntshitseng mo sepateleng go bona Asvat letsatsi leo.<ref>[https://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media/1997/9712/s971201e.htm "I Heard Shots That Killed Asvat, Says Mrs Sisulu".] ''SAPA''. 1 December 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Madikizela-Mandela le setlhopha sa gagwe sa kgwele ya dinao ba ne ba supiwa ka monwana gore ke bone ba rulagantseng go bolawa ga ga Asvat,<ref>[https://africasacountry.com/2018/04/winnie-mandela-and-the-peoples-doctor "Winnie Mandela and the people's doctor".] ''Africa Is a Country''. 4 June 2017. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Sisulu o ne a akarediwa mo dikakanyetsong tseo ka 1997. ==== Tsheko ya go thankgola puso, ya Pietermaritzburg ==== Ka ngwaga wa 1984, fa Sisulu a bereka kwa loarong lwa ga Asvat a emetse go ikuela mo katlholong ya gagwe, UDF e ne ya atolosa go nna teng mo lefatsheng ka go tshwara matsholo a a tseneletseng a kganetso ya diphetogo tsa ga tautona [[P.W Botha]] di akaretsa molao wa baeteledipele ba bantsho wa 1982 le molaomotheo wa 1983. Ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa palamente ya makgotla a mararo ka Phatwe 1984 e ne ya emisiwa ke go atlega ga UDF mo go e kganeleng, se se neng sa salwa morago ke go anama ga diphuduego mo motseng oo.<ref>Seekings, Jeremy (2000). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=LSlBjKQf-oYC&redir_esc=y The UDF: A History of the United Democratic Front in South Africa, 1983–1991]''. New Africa Books. p. 245. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-86486-403-1|<bdi>978-0-86486-403-1</bdi>.]]</ref> Sisulu o ne a tshwarwa ka Tlhakole a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 1985.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-02-19-mn-372-story.html "6 Critics of Apartheid Seized in South Africa"]. ''Los Angeles Times''. 19 February 1985. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Ene le ba bangwe ba le lesome le botlhano ba ne ba lebisiwa molato wa go thankgola puso le go rotloetsa thankgolo puso. Ka e ne e le ene fela mosadi o a neng a tshwerwe, o ne a bewa a le nosi.<ref name=":0" /> Ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa 1985, Sisulu le ba a neng a tshwerwe le bone ba ne ba gololwa go emela tsheko kwa ntle ka melao e e gagametseng.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/05/03/16-released-on-bail-in-South-Africa-treason-trial/1172483940800/ "16 released on bail in South Africa treason trial"]. ''UPI''. 3 May 1985. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Tsheko ya thankgolo puso ya [[Pietermaritzburg]] e ne ya simolola ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le motso kwa kgotlatshekelong e tona ya [[Natale|Natal]], ka basekisiwa ba sa ipone molato,<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/22/world/south-africans-open-a-major-treason-trial.html "South Africans Open A Major Treason Trial"]. ''The New York Times''. 22 October 1985. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> mme ditsheko tsa ga Sisulu le ba bangwe ba le lesome le motso di ne tsa boelwa morago ka Morule a le malatsi a robabongwe.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-12-09-mn-15272-story.html "South Africa Clears 12 of Treason: Charges Against Most Prominent Foes of Apartheid Dropped".] ''Los Angeles Times''. 9 December 1985. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Sisulu o ne a bolelela bobegadikgang gore e ne e le phenyo mo go bone.<ref>Rule, Sheila (10 December 1985). [https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/10/world/south-africa-ends-a-case-against-12.html "South Africa Ends A Case Against 12"]. ''The New York Times''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Go ne ga tswelela go nna le diphuduego tse di itsegeng, Sisuli a ilediwa gape ka 1986<ref name=":6" /> le la 1988.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1988/05/11/sisulu-and-the-unity-of-struggle/6ccc0834-d37c-4ec0-8cfa-f9eca0caa343/ "Sisulu and the Unity of Struggle".] ''Washington Post''. 11 May 1988. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0190-8286 0190-8286]. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref><ref name=":9" /> === Dipuisano tsa 1989 go tsena 1994 === Ka ngwaga wa 1989, fa dipuisano tsa go fedisa puso ya tlhaolele di fefofadiwa, Sisulu o ne a amogela seabe sa gagwe sa go lebagana le setshaba mo letsholong la puso ya tlhaolele. Ka Seetebosigo ngwaga oo, o ne a neelwa teseletso ya gagwe ya mosepele ya ntlha ya Aforika Borwa - e le poelo morago ka taelo ya go ilediwa ya gagwe e ne e sa tswa go ntshafadiwa mo malatsinyaneng a a fetileng.<ref name=":13">Perlez, Jane (27 June 1989). [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/27/world/apartheid-foe-gets-passport-and-is-expected-to-meet-bush.html "Apartheid Foe Gets Passport And Is Expected to Meet Bush".] ''The New York Times''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0362-4331 0362-4331.] Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Morago kgwedi yone eo, o ne a etelela pele baemedi ba UDF mo loetong lwa mafatshe lo loneng lo akaretsa bokopano le tonakgolo wa [[Britain]], [[Margaret Thatcher]]. Fa ba le kwa [[London]], o ne a kopana le moeteledipele wa Labour Party [[Neil Kinnock]], a buisa batho ba letsholo la go nna kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele kwa Britain.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/dated-event/albertina-sisulu-addresses-major-anti-apartheid-rally-london "Albertina Sisulu addresses a major anti-apartheid rally in London".] ''South African History Online''. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Ka Seetebosigo a le masome mararo ngwaga wa 1989, o ne a kopana le tautona wa [[USA|America]] [[George H. W Bush]] kwa ntlong ya gagwe ya bonno.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/06/30/south-african-dissident-calls-for-us-pressure/2c4233a2-6afc-438f-8842-e61ad30ed476/ "South African Dissident Calls For U.S. Pressure".] ''Washington Post''. 30 June 1989. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1989/07/25/bush-listens-to-a-true-voice-of-south-africa/61f38efb-3748-4c0f-bba1-15e836602313/ "Bush Listens to a True Voice of South Africa"]. ''Washington Post''. 25 July 1989. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0190-8286 0190-8286.] Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Setlhopha se se ne sa fetela kwa [[Sweden]] le [[France]] ka taletso ya ga [[Danielle Mitterrand]]; le kwa diofising kgolo tsa ANC kwa Lusaka, kwa Sisulu a neng a begela maloko a a tshabileng ka seemo kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kiletso ya bofelo kgatlhanong le Sisulu e ne ya emisiwa ke puso ya Aforika Borwa ka Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 1989.<ref>Green, Pippa (9 June 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20251203114011/https://allafrica.com/stories/201106090005.html "Albertina Sisulu's Story of Persecution and Suffering, Love and Triumph"]. ''allAfrica''. Retrieved 03 December 2025.</ref> Puso ya ga Tautona [[F W de Klerk]] e ne ya emisa dikeletso tsa ANC ka 1990,ba letla phathi eo go tsweledisa go rulaganya mo Aforika Borwa. Sisulu o ne a nna le seabe mo letsholong la go tlhama sesha lekgotla la ANC la basadi, le ntswa a ne a gana go emela botautona jwa lekgotla leo. Kwa bokopanong kwa ntlha jwa lekgotla leo kwa [[Kimberley|Kimberly]] ka Moranang 1991, o ne a ema nokeng [[Gertrude Shope]], o a neng a fenya Madikizela-Mandela go nna tautona wa lekgotla.<ref name=":0" /> Kwa bokopanong joo, Sisulu o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mothusi wa ga Shope e le mothusa tautona.<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/1991/0430/30032.html "Winnie Mandela's Defeat In ANC Vote Is Hailed".] ''Christian Science Monitor''. 30 April 1991. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0882-7729 0882-7729]. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref><ref>Wren, Christopher S. (29 April 1991). [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/29/world/winnie-mandela-loses-women-s-league-vote.html "Winnie Mandela Loses Women's League Vote".] ''The New York Times''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0362-4331 0362-4331.] Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Mo dingwageng tse pedi tse di latelang, o ne a bereka kwa ofising kgolo ya lekgotla kwa [[Shell House]].<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-06-09-how-sisulu-moulded-everyone-around-her/ "Shaka Sisulu: The Gogo stories".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a nna mo maemong a mothusa tautona setlha se le sengwe fela, a tlogelela [[Thandi Modise]] ofisi kwa bokopanong jo bo latelang ka Morule 1993.<ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/Celebrating%20Women%20in%20SA%20history.pdf ''For Freedom and Equality': Celebrating Women in South African History'' (PDF)]. South African History Online. 2011. p. 26.</ref> ANC e ne ya tshwara moletlo wa go boelana ka Phukwi 1991 kwa bokopanong jwa masome a mane le borobabobedi kwa Durban, kwa Sisulu a neng a tlhophiwa go bereka e le leloko la komiti.<ref>[[:en:Cyril_Ramaphosa|Ramaphosa, Cyril]] (1994). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080524183229/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/conf/conference49/sgrep49.html#2 "Report of the Secretary-General to the 49th National Conference"]. ''African National Congress''. Archived from [http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/conf/conference49/sgrep49.html the original] on 24 May 2008. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> O berekile setlha se le sengwe sa dingwaga tse tharo mo komiting, kwa bokopanong jwa masome a mane le borobabongwe ka Morule 1994 ene le monna wa gagwe ba ne ba gana go emela ditlhopho gape rsa boeteledipele jwa phathi.<ref>[https://tpy.nelsonmandela.org/pages/part-vi-anc-and-the-transition/17-anc-and-the-transition/17-1-1994-conference "1994 Conference"]. ''Nelson Mandela: The Presidential Years''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210512011415/https://tpy.nelsonmandela.org/pages/part-vi-anc-and-the-transition/17-anc-and-the-transition/17-1-1994-conference Archived] from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Ka nako eo ya kgaratlho, o ne a bona botshabelo jwa kerekeng ya [[Albert Methodist]] kwa [[Johannesburg]], ee nnileng le seabe se setona mo go feng batshabi lefelo la botshabelo. Tiro ya gagwe ya sepolotiki morago ga puso ya tlhaolele. == Tiro ya gagwe mo sepolotiking morago ga puso ya tlhaolele == === Palamente === [[Setshwantsho:Cape Town (ZA), Parliament of South Africa -- 2024 -- 3487.jpg|thumb|Matlo a palamente kwa Kapa, kwa Sisulu a neng a berekela teng go tswa ka 1994 go tsena 1999]] Sisulu morago o ne a re e le leloko la ANC, o ne a belaela kakanyetso ya ga Mandela ya go boelana le baema nokeng ba pele e le kgatlhego ya dirisana mmogo. Fa a bolela mmegadikgang, bokopano jwa ntlha jwa ANC, fa Mandela a re itsise ka se, re ne ra ema rotlhe ra re jaanong o a tsenwa. Re ne re akanya gore o a tsenwa, gore a re re agisane. Shoo!<ref name=":12" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, pele ga ditlhopho tsa puso ya batho ka batho morago ga puso ya tlhaolele, o ne a amogela tlhopho ya go ema  e le ntlhopheng wa palamente e ntsha ya Aforika Borwa, a tlhophiwa go ya palamenteng. Fa palamente e simologa ka Motsheganong a le lesome ngwaga wa 1994, ke Sisulu o a neng a tlhopha semmuso Mandela go bereka e le tautona wa Aforika Borwa morago ga puso ya tlhaolele.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-05-10-mn-55908-story.html "It's a 'New Era,' Says Officially Elected Mandela"]. ''Los Angeles Times''. 10 May 1994. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Mokwadi wa buka ya gagwe o ne a re e ne e le nngwe ya dinako tse di mo direng motlotlo thata tsa botshelo jwa gagwe, go tlhophiwa go tlhopha tautona mo boemong jwa ANC.<ref>Sisulu, Elinor (15 December 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2013/dec/15/nelson-mandela-obituary-elinor-sisulu "Nelson Mandela remembered by Elinor Sisulu".] ''The Guardian''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0261-3077 0261-3077.] Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> O berekile setlha se le sengwe kwa palamenteng, a ithola marapo ka Seetebosigo 1999 kwa ditlhophong.<ref name=":0" /> === Komiti ya boammaruri le poelano === Ka nako e, kanamo ya gagwe ya tlhwatlhwa ke ya komiti ya boammaruri le poelano (TRC) ka 1997. O ne a solofetswe go fa maitemogelo a botlhokwa kwa tlhotlhomisong ya ditirelo tsa setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa Mandela United, bogolo jang ka tse di diragetseng ka letsati la polao ya ga Asvat le botsalano jwa ga Asvat le Madikizela-Mandela.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/1997-11-21-more-corpses-in-winnies-cupboard/ "More corpses in Winnie's cupboard"]. ''The Mail & Guardian''. 20 November 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Fa godimo ga foo, ngwaga o o o simologa, puisano le Sisulu e e neng e gatisitswe mo Katiza's Journey, kgatiso ya [[BBC]] e mo go yone mmegadikgang [[Fred Brigland]] a neng a re o upolotse bosupi jwa gore Madikizela-Mandela o ne a loga maano a go tsaya [[Stompie Seipei]] ka dikgoka le go bolaya Asvat. Mopuisanong eo, Sisulu o ne a tlhomamisitse boammaruri jwa karata ya molwetsi go tswa kwa sepateleng sa ga Asvat e e neng e eisa tlase maipato a ga Madikizela-Mandela letsatsi la loso lwa ga Seipei; o ne a re o lemoga mokwalo wa gagwe mo karateng. Morago o ne a re o dirile temogo e ka phoso.<ref name=":0" /> Go tlhagelela ga ga Sisulu fa pele ga lekgotla la bommaruri le poelano ka Morule a rogwa ngwaga go ne ga gapa kgatlhego ya mafatshe fatshe.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/12/02/key-witness-backs-madikizela-mandela/fd45f0df-cfa8-4c1c-9ea1-2f55113812f9/ "Key Witness Backs Madikizela-Mandela"]. ''Washington Post''. 2 December 1997. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0190-8286 0190-8286.] Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref><ref>Daley, Suzanne (2 December 1997). [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/02/world/panel-hears-evidence-winnie-mandela-sought-doctor-s-death.html "Panel Hears Evidence Winnie Mandela Sought Doctor's Death".] ''The New York Times''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga go fa ditiragalo tse di utlusang botlhoko tsa go thunsthiwa ga ga Asvat, o ne a fa dikarabo tse di sa tlhamalalang fa a bodiwa dipotso ka seabe sa ga Madikizela-Mandela mo dintshong tsa ga Asvat le Seipei; o ne a ganetsa go baya monwana karata e e botlhokwa ya molwetsi, a ganetsa go itse ka kgotlhang epe gareng ga Madikizela-Mandela le Asvat, are, "ke ka se akanye gore mma Mandela o ka bolaya Asvat ka gore ke ne ke akanya gore ba a utlwana."<ref name=":11" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180815150202/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9712/01/winnie.hearing.folo/ "Testimony focuses on Madikizela-Mandela's alleged link to doctor's murder"]. ''CNN''. 1 December 1997. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 03 Decemner 2025</ref> O ne a re ga a gakologelwe a bona Madikizela-Mandela kgotsa babereki ka ene kwa sepateleng ka nako ya go tsewa ka dikgoka ga ga Seipei.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/1997-12-01-asvat-murderer-in-tears/ "Asvat murderer in tears".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 1 December 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Ka nako ya fa a botsolosiwa mo go tseneletseng, mookamedi wa lekgotla la TRC [[Dumisa Ntsebeza]] o ne a bolelela Sisulu gore o ne a bonala a leka bjotlhe jwa gagwe go bua go le go nnye fela mo go ka golegang mma Mandela, a botsa fa se e le ka ntlha ya go lwantshana le tshiamo ka gore ke mmereki ka ene le gore boora Mandela le Sisulu ba tswa kgakala mmogo.<ref name=":14">[https://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media/1997/9712/s971201g.htm "Ntsebeza Questions Sisulu's Testimony on Winnie".] ''SAPA''. 1 December 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/36003.stm "Winnie hearing adjourned after intimidation claims".] ''BBC News''. 1 December 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Sisulu o ne a fetola ka selelo sa kutlo tshakgalo, a lebelela kwa morago dingwaga tsa a na le seabe mo lweleng ditshwanelo, are "le fa ke mo sireletsa, ga ke fa go bu maaka".<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":14" /> Moeteledipele [[Alex Boraine]] le ene o ne a supa fa a sa kgotsofalela go tlhoka go tsamaisana ga maiphitlhelo a ga Sisulu.<ref>[https://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media/1997/9712/s971201s.htm "Lies and More Lies at the Truth Commission, Complains Boraine".] ''SAPA''. 1 December 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Letsatsi morago ga potsoloso e, Sisulu le monna wa gagwe ba ne ba kopana le [[Desmond Tutu]], modulasetilo wa TRC, go buisana ka go tlhoka go itumela ga gagwe mo go teweng gote ga a bue nnete.<ref name=":15">[https://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media/1997/9712/s971204u.htm "Sisulu Vindicated at TRC Hearing: Commissioner".] ''SAPA''. 4 December 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> ka Morule a le malatsi a mane, TRC e ne ya reetsa bosupi jo bongwe jo bo neng jwa rurifatsa gore menwana e e mo karateng ga se ya ga Sisulu. Sisulu o ne a tlhagelela gape ka nakwana mo seraleng sa basupi, ka kopo ya gagwe, Ntsebeza a mmolelela gore o tlhatswitswe leina ebile o buseditswe go nna mogaka wa tshiamo.<ref name=":15" /> == Botshelo jwa gagwe le lolwapa == [[Setshwantsho:Sisulu wedding with mandela and lembede.JPG|left|thumb|Lonyalo lwa ga Albertina a nyalwa ke [[Walter Sisulu]] ka Phukwi 1944. [[Evelyn Mase]] o kwa molemeng wa monna wa monyadi, [[Nelson Mandela]] o bapile le ene kwa molemeng thata. [[Anton Lembede]] o kwa mojeng wa monyadi wa mosadi. Kgaitsadie Walter, Rosabella, o lebeletse bobedi boo.]] Sisulu o kopane le monna wa gagwe Walter ka 1941, malwapa a bone a dumalana go duela magadi ngwaga o o latelang; ba ne ba nyalana ka Phukwi a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 1944 mo moletlong o mmotlana kwa [[Cofimvaba]].<ref name=":0" /> Moemisi wa gagwe o motona e ne e le [[Nelson Mandela]], fa mongwe wa baemisi ba ga Albertinah e ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa ga Mandela, [[Evelyn Mase]]; Mase e ne e le ntsalae Walter, a ne a kopane le Mandela kwa lolwapeng loora Sisulu.<ref name=":0" /> Ka nako ya go fa mafoko ga ga [[A.B Xuma]] le [[Anton Lembede]],<ref name=":0" /> Lembede o ne a tsibosa Albertina are "o nyalwa ke monna o a setseng a nyetse setshaba".<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2003-05-06-obituary-walter-sisulu/ "Obituary: Walter Sisulu".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 6 May 2003. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Walter o ne a gakologelwa kwa morago are " ke mmoleletse gore ga go na mosola wa go reka didirisiwa tsa ntlo tse disha. Ke ya go ya kgolegelong". <ref name=":16">Green, Pippa (1990). [https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/free-at-last-106475 "Free at last".] ''The Independent''. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref>Ba ne ba seka ba nna le nako ya go tsaya loeto morago ga lonyalo go fithelela ka Ngwanatsele 1990, fa ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya Crimean kwa Yalta ka kgwebo ya ANC.<ref name=":0" /> Lolwapa loora Sisulu lwa dikamore tse nne kwa Orlando Bophirima lo ne lo amogela masika a mannye ka dingwaga gangwe le gape, ba akaretsa bomonnawe Sisulu le bana ba bone ba batlhano ka Phatwe 1945 go tsena Phalane 1957, Sisulu o ne a ba godisitse a le nosi fa Walter a le kwa [[Robben Island]] go tswa ka 1964 go tsena 1989.<ref name=":0" /> Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa go nna kwa kgolegelong ga ga Walter, o ne a tsaya nako ya gagwe a roka, a loga, ebile a rekisa mae go kokotletsa madi a sekolo sa bana ba gagwe, ka maikaelelo a gore ba tsene sekolo se se nang le boroko kwa lefatsheng le le mabapi la [[Swaziland]] go na le go tsena sekolo sa tsamaiso ya Bantu mo Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":0" /> Go tswa ka nako ya ba santse ba gola, bana ba ne ba ilediwa gape ba tshwarwa gangwe le gape ke mapodisi a puso ya tlhaolele mo ditirong tsa nakwaan tsa botshabi le ANC.<ref name=":0" /> Fa Sisuku le morwae ba ne ba ilediwa ka 1980, ba ne ba amogela teseletso e e faphegileng ya sepodisi gore ba kgone go bua mmogo, kwa ntle ga go ilediwa go kgobokana ga batho ba ba neng ba ileditswe; ka ba ne ba nna mo lolwapeng lo le lengwe kwa Soweto, Sisulu o ne a re molao o o ke matlakala, a bua ka motlae are "ke ne ke tshwanetse go dira eng?<ref name=":8" /> ke seka ka mo kopa dijo tsa mo mosong?".<ref name=":13" /> Morago o ne a re mo dilong tsotlhe, go tshwarwa ga bana ba gagwe ke gone mo go mo dirang gore a ikutlwe ekare Maburu ba mo roba mangole.<ref name=":7" /> Sisulu o ne a sa kgone go ya Kapa go etela monna wa gagwe kwa [[Robben Island]],<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/18/world/a-south-africa-choice-see-husband-or-son.html "A South Africa Choice: See Husband, or Son".] ''The New York Times''. 18 May 1987. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> mme [[Ruth First]] o ne a bua ka lonyalo lwa bone ka 1982 are "bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go etelela pele le maatla a gagwe a sepolotiki...ke ka ntlha ya lonyalo lo lo siameng, lonyalo lwa sepolotiki, mme e le lonyalo lo lo siameng, lo lo ikaegileng ka tekatekano ya boammaruri le maikaelelo a a amoganwang".<ref name=":16" /> Sisulu ka bo ene o ne a re "re ne re ratana thata. Re ne re tshwana le dikoko tse pedi. E nngwe e nna e setse e nngwe morago".<ref name=":17">Smith, David (3 June 2011). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/03/albertina-sisulu-south-africa-dies "Albertina Sisulu, one of 'mothers' of liberated South Africa, dies aged 92".] ''The Guardian''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0261-3077 0261-3077]. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Nako e nngwe o ne a re: Mo bathong botlhe ba ba fa, ke ene fela - kgotsa go na le o mongwe kgotsa ba le babedi - ba ba tsweletseng pele. Ke ne ka gololesega fa ke nyalwa. Go ne go sena potso ya gore ya go ntirela tee, kgotsa tshasa ditlhako tsa me polishi. O ne a tlhapisa bana ba gagwe a ba robatsa. Ke ne ke sa ikutlwe ke le mosadi mo ntlong.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-07-19-op-4531-story.html "Albertina Sisulu: The 'Mother' of South Africa's Freedom Fighters Fights On"]. ''Los Angeles Times''. 19 July 1992. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Ka Phalane a le lesome ngwaga wa 1989, Sisulu o ne a etetse Mandela kwa kgolegelong ya [[Victor Verster]] kwa a neng a utlwa ga gore monna wa gagwe o tloga a gololwa mo kgasong ya [[SABC]].<ref name=":6" /><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/11/world/black-leaders-to-be-released-in-south-africa.html "Black Leaders To Be Released In South Africa".] ''The New York Times''. 11 October 1989. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 03 December 2025.</ref><ref>[[:en:Allister_Sparks|Sparks, Allister]] (15 October 1989). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/10/15/s-africa-frees-sisulu-5-other-black-activists/a73764af-c15b-413b-b890-66f3189bafe8/ "S. Africa Frees Sisulu, 5 Other Black Activists".] ''Washington Post''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0190-8286 0190-8286]. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Botsogo jwa gagwe bo ne bo ile tlase kwa kgolegelong, fa Sisulu a tlhophiwa go emela palamente ka 1994, Mandela o ne a mo gakolola gore o ka gana tlhopho gore a kgone go tlhokomela monna wa gagwe. Bana ba gagwe ba ne ba shakgaditswe ke kgakololo ya gore Mandela o ne a letsa go ikopa maitshwarelo mo go bone le go fa bogakolodi.<ref>Sisulu, Elinor (15 December 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2013/dec/15/nelson-mandela-obituary-elinor-sisulu "Nelson Mandela remembered by Elinor Sisulu".] ''The Guardian''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0261-3077 0261-3077]. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Bobedi bo ne bo nna kwa Orlando go fitlhelela a ithola marapo, fa ba fudugela kwa Johannesburg kwa [[Linden]].<ref>[https://joburg.org.za/play_/Pages/Play%20in%20Joburg/Joburg%20Vibe/links/Why%20I%20love%20Joburg/links/Albertina-Sisulu.aspx "MaSisulu: mother in jail, mother in the suburbs"]. ''City of Johannesburg''. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Walter o tlhokafaletse kwa lolwapeng ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 2003 Sisulu a le teng.<ref>Lelyveld, Nita (6 May 2003). [https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/archives/la-me-walter-sisulu-20030506-20160321-snap-htmlstory.html "Walter Sisulu, 90; Political Leader Helped Shape Anti-Apartheid Fight".] ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved 3 December 2025</ref> Kwa phitlhong ya gagwe, mongwe wa bana ba bana ba gagwe o ne abala leboko le kwadilwe ke Sisulu le le bidiwang "Walter, ke ka dira eng kwa ntle ga gago?"<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2003-05-18-what-do-i-without-you/ "'What do I do without you?'".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 18 May 2003. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Max Sisulu (1985).jpg|thumb|[[Max Sisulu]]'o berekile e le motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente mo palamenteng ya bone morago ga puso ya tlhaolele]] Bana boora Sisulu ba ne ba ya go nna mo maemong a tlhwatlhwa mo pusong ya Aforika Borwa morago ga puso ya tlhaolele. Bana ba bone e ne e le [[Max]] (o o tshotsweng ka Phatwe 1945) , [[Mlungisi]] (o o tshotsweng ka Ngwanatsele 1948; a tlhokafetse ka Phalane 2015), [[Zwelakhe]] (o o tshotsweng ka Morule 1950, ka bokopano jwa ANC; a tlhokafetse ka Phalane 2012), [[Lindiwe]] (a tshotswe ka Motsheganong 1954), le Nonkululeko (o o tshotsweng ka Phalane 1957).<ref name=":0" /> Mosadi wa ga Max, [[Elinor Sisulu,]] o ne a gatisa buka ya botshelo jwa bagwegadi ba gagwe ka 2002 e bidiwa Walter and Albertina Sisulu:In our Lifetime.<ref>Suttner, Raymond (7 February 2003). [https://mg.co.za/article/2003-02-07-a-revolutionary-love/ "A revolutionary love"]. ''The Mail & Guardian''. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Boora Sisulu ba ne ba amogela bana ba ga kgaitsadie Walter ba babedi, Gerald le [[Beryl Lockman]] (ba ba tshotsweng ka Morule 1944 le Mopitlo 1949 ka tatelano) ba godisa ngwana wa ga ntsalae Walter, [[Jongumzi Sisulu]] (o o tshotsweng ka 1958).<ref name=":0" /> Ka nako ya fa a tlhokafala, Sisulu o ne a na le bana ba bana ba le masome mabedi le borataro le dikokomane di le tharo.<ref name=":3" /> Le ntswa e ne e le mo Rona, o ne a godisetsa bana ba gagwe mo kerekeng ya Anglican e le keletso ya ga mmaagwe Walter;<ref name=":0" /> ka 1992, le fa go ntse jalo, fa a bodiwa gore a ene le Walter ba santse ba le baKereste, o ne a fetola ka gore "ga go na nako, moratwa".<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-07-19-op-4531-story.html "Albertina Sisulu: The 'Mother' of South Africa's Freedom Fighters Fights On"]. ''Los Angeles Times''. 19 July 1992. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> == Loso lwa gagwe le phitlho == Sisulu o tlhokafetse go sa solofelwa kwa lolwapeng lwa gagwe kwa Linden ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2011, a le dingwaga di le masome a robabongwe le bobedi.<ref name=":17" /><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13640226 "Albertina Sisulu: South Africa loses a moral compass".] ''BBC News''. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> O ne a lebile setshwanstho sa motshekhinyego le bana ba bana ba gagwe ba babedi fa a simolola go gotlhola, a idibala; ba thuso ya potlako ba ne ba retelelwa ke go mo tsosa.<ref name=":18">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-06-03-albertina-sisulu-was-truly-the-mother-of-nation/ "Albertina Sisulu 'was truly the mother of the nation'"]. ''The Mail & Guardian''. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://iol.co.za/the-star/news/2011-06-03-a-love-story-ends/ "A love story ends".] ''The Star''. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> O bolokilwe ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le motso go bapa le lebitla la monna wa gagwe kwa mabolokelong a Croesus kwa Newclare, Johannesburg.<ref name=":19">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-06-11-madiba-mourns-his-beloved-sister-albertina-sisulu/ "Madiba mourns his 'beloved sister' Albertina Sisulu"]. ''The Mail & Guardian''. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Ditatolo le mafoko a kgomotso a ne a mo ipelela e le motsadi wa lefatshe.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":18" /><ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2011-06-03-albertina-sisulu-1918-2011-tributes/ "Albertina Sisulu 1918–2011: Tributes".] ''Sunday Times''. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13640283 "In quotes: Albertina Sisulu remembered".] ''BBC News''. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Mo mafokong a gagwe, tautona [[Jacob Zuma]] o ne a re: "Mama Sisulu, mo digwageng, o nnile pilara e ba bangwe ba ka itshwarelelang ka yone, e seng ba lolwapa loora Sisulu fela mme e leng le letsholo la kgololesegoka botlalo, ka a ne a godisa, a gakolola, a alafa ebile a ruta bontsi jwa baeteledipele le batlhami ba Aforika Borwa wa puso ya batho ka batho.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110605194714/http://www.businesslive.co.za/incoming/2011/06/03/masisulu---mother-to-a-nation "MaSisulu – mother to a nation"]. ''Business Day''. 3 June 2011. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> O ne a itsise gape fa Sisulu a tla bolokiwa semmuso, le gore folaga ya lefatshe e tlaa fofesediwa kwa tlase go tswa ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mane go fitlhelela letsatsi la phitlho ya gagwe ka Seeteebosigo a le lesome le motso.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110607203031/http://www.namibian.com.na/news/africa/full-story/archive/2011/june/article/sa-mourns-anti-apartheid-icon-ma-sisulu/ "SA mourns anti-apartheid icon 'Ma' Sisulu"]. ''The Namibian''. NAMPA. 6 June 2011. Archived from [https://www.namibian.com.na/news/africa/full-story/archive/2011/june/article/sa-mourns-anti-apartheid-icon-ma-sisulu/ the original] on 03 December 2025</ref> Ditirelo tsa segopotso di ne tsa tshwara mo gare ga beke<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-06-05-sisulus-funeral-to-be-held-at-orlando-stadium/ "Sisulu's funeral to be held at Orlando Stadium".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 5 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref>, ka Seetebosigio a le lesome le motso ga tshwarwa tirelo ya phitlho kwa Soweto, kwa lobaleng lwa Orlando.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13737865 "Albertina Sisulu funeral held in South Africa".] ''BBC News''. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-06-11-mourners-arrive-in-soweto-to-honour-albertina-sisulu/ "Albertina Sisulu's final journey".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Tautona Zuma o ne a fa mafoko a pako, a sena go etelela morafe ka dikaba tsa pina ya kgaratlho ya Thina Sizwe<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-06-11-zuma-celebrates-sisulu-the-outstanding-patriot/ "Zuma celebrates Sisulu, the 'outstanding patriot'".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref>, [[Graca Machel]] o ne a bala molaetsa wa ga tautona wa pele Mandela o o neng o galaletsa Sisulu e le kgaitsadie o a neng a mo rata thata, gape e le motsadi wa batho.<ref name=":19" /> == Ditlotla == [[Setshwantsho:Johannesburg Albertina Sisulu Rd corner Ntemi Piliso St 01.jpg|thumb|Sekhutlwana sa tsela ya Albertina Sisulu kwa [[Johannesburg]]]] Toropo ya [[Reggio Emilia]], [[Italia|Italy]] e ne ya fa Sisulu tlotla ya go nna le boagedi jwa toropo eo ka 1987<ref>[https://reggio.co.za/reggio-emilia-and-sas-liberation-struggle/ "Reggio Emilia and SA's liberation struggle"]. ''Africa Reggio Emilia Alliance''. 3 September 2016. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref>, le ngwaga o o latelang, lolwapa loora Sisulu lo ne lwa neelwa seetsele sa ditshwanelo tsa setho sa carter Center, le ntswa Sisulu le monna wa gagwe ba ne ba ka se ye [[Georgia]] go ikamogelela seetsele seo ka ba ne ba ileditswe mesepele.<ref name=":13" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1993, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa khansele ya World Peace. [[Setshwantsho:Albertina Sisulubrug aan de Krook 17-3-2017 14-28-11.JPG|thumb|Borogo jwa Sisulu kwa pele ga [[De Krook]] kwa [[Ghent]], [[Belgian Congo]]]] Morago ga go fela ga puso ya tlhaolele, o ne a fiwa tlotla ya doctorate ke sekolo se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa [[University of the Witwatersrand]] ka 2007.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926233739/http://www.uj.ac.za/index.asp?page=article&code=7&id=996 "Liberation leaders honoured for their contributions to democracy".] ''University of Johannesburg''. 19 April 2007. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2005-12-05-four-honorary-degrees-for-grad "Four honorary degrees for grad".] ''University of Cape Town''. 5 December 2005. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Ka letsatsi la matsalo a gagwe a masome a robabobedi le botlhano ka 2003, o ne a le teng kwa go supiweng ga lefelo la setshaba la Albertina Sisulu Centre, le le agilweng ke Johannesburg kwa Orlando Bophirima go thusa bana le bagolo b ba tshelang ka bogole.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/200310220593.html "Albertina Sisulu Centre Opened in Soweto".] ''BuaNews''. 22 October 2003. Retrieved 03 December 2025– via allAfrica.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004 o ne a le mo maemong a masome a matlhano le bosupa a tlhopho ya [[SABC3]] ya manganga ya ma Aforika Borwa a tlhwatlhwa<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/423/4673.html "The 10 Greatest South Africans of all time".] ''Bizcommunity''. 27 September 2004. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref>, ka 2007 o ne a amogela seetsele sa go fitlhelela dilo tse dintso kwa dietseleng tsa Community Builder tsa ngwaga le ngwaga, di tshwerwe ke SABC, Old Mutual le pampiri ya dikgang ya ''Sowetan''.<ref>[https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/2007-12-05-steve-biko-albertina-sisulu-beyers-naude-honoured-as-great-south-africans/ "Steve Biko, Albertina Sisulu, Beyers Naude honoured as great South Africans"]. ''Sowetan''. 5 December 2007. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> O ne a amogela le seetsele sa [[Order for Meritorious Service]]. Ka ngwaga wa 2007, puso ya kgaolo ya Gauteng e ne ya itsise gore e tlaa fetola leina la tsela ya R21 gareng ga Pretoria le maemelo a difofane a [[OR Tambo]] go nna Albertina Sisulu Freeway.<ref>[https://www.gov.za/news/gauteng-rename-r21r24-road-albertina-sisulu-drive-30-aug-28-aug-2007 "Gauteng to rename R21/R24 road to Albertina Sisulu Drive, 30 Aug".] ''South African Government''. 28 August 2007. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.news24.com/r21-renamed-albertina-sisulu-20070830 "R21 renamed Albertina Sisulu".] ''News24''. 30 August 2007. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Go tsamaelana le tshwetso eo, khansele ya Johannesburg e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go fetola maina a ditsela di le lesome le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2008, go reelelwa ka Sisulu, ka jalo ba sireletsa phetolo leina ya ditsela tsa R24 tse di ralalang Johannesburg le [[Roodeport]],<ref>[https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2008-09-10-ma-sisulus-name-to-be-on-18-joburg-streets/ "Ma Sisulu's name to be on 18 Joburg streets".] ''IOL''. 10 September 2008. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> phetogo e e ne ya nna ka 2013.<ref>Maseng, Kabelo (21 October 2013)[https://www.citizen.co.za/rosebank-killarney-gazette/news-headlines/2013/10/21/market-street-makes-way-albertina-sisulu/ . "Market Street makes way for Albertina Sisulu"]. ''Rosebank Killarney Gazette''. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref><ref name=":20">[https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/gauteng/2013-07-08-albertina-sisulu-road-heralds-a-new-era/ "Albertina Sisulu Road heralds a new era".] ''IOL''. 8 July 2013. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Pele ga diphadisano tsa mafatshe tsa FIFA ka 2010, tsela ya R24 e ne ya fetolwa go reelelwa ka Albertina Sisulu.<ref name=":20" /> <ref>[https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/zuma-renames-r24-after-struggle-hero "Zuma renames R24 after struggle hero"]. ''South African Government News Agency''. 20 October 2013. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref>Kwa ntle ga Aforika Borwa, borogo jwa Albertina Sisulu, bo bo kgabaganyang Scheldt, bo filwe leina leo ke toropo ya Ghent kwa [[Belgium]] kwa 2014.<ref>[https://myprivacy.dpgmedia.be/consent?siteKey=Uqxf9TXhjmaG4pbQ&callbackUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hln.be%2Fprivacy-gate%2Faccept-tcf2%3FredirectUri%3D%252Fbinnenland%252Fgent-eert-anti-apartheidsleiders-met-straatnamen-bij-de-krook%7Ea0fb6b65%252F%253Freferrer%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Fwww.google.com%25252F "Gent eert anti-apartheidsleiders met straatnamen bij de Krook"]. ''HLN'' (in Dutch). 24 October 2014. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2018, dingwaga di le lekgolo fa e sale Sisulu a tsholwa, puso ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya tshwara mananeo a mangwe go tlotla Sisulu. E le bontlha jwa lenaneo le, poso ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya tlhama setempe sa go ipela,<ref>[https://www.vukuzenzele.gov.za/south-africa-honours-albertina-sisulu "South Africa honours Albertina Sisulu".] ''Vuk'uzenzele''. May 2019. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.news24.com/news24/stamps-for-ma-albertina-sisulu-20190225 "Stamps for Ma Albertina Sisulu".] ''News24''. 26 February 2019. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> le setlhasana se se sa tlwaelesegang sa orchid, se ne sa fetolwa leina go nna Albertina Sisulu orchid ka moletlo wa kwa [[Walter Sisulu Botanical Garden]]<ref>[https://www.jacarandafm.com/news/news/orchid-be-named-after-albertina-sisulu/ "Orchid to be named after Albertina Sisulu".] ''Jacaranda FM''. 6 July 2018. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref>. Puso e ne ya tshwara puisano ya bomme kwa Johannesburg<ref>[https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-11-11-women-honour-albertina-sisulu/ "Women honour Albertina Sisulu"]. ''Sowetan''. 11 November 2018. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> ya Albertina Sisulu, [[UNICEF]] e ne ya tshwara puisano e nngwe kwa Durban ka kgwedi ya basadi.<ref>[https://www.unicef.org/southafrica/stories/unicef-salutes-legacy-albertina-sisulu "UNICEF salutes the legacy of Albertina Sisulu"]. ''UNICEF South Africa''. 25 August 2018. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2012, lephata la thuto e kgolwane, maranyane le botegeniki e ne ya tlhama lefelo la Albertina Nontsikelelo Sisulu Science Centre, e le lefelo la gase e tala kwa Cofimvaba, kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251203114011/https://mthathaexpress.co.za/minister-launches-science-centre-20211012/ "Minister launches science centre".] ''News24''. 14 October 2021. Retrieved 03 December 2025</ref> == Metswedi == byws9seyr1j0fjk666lw09ffigvc9vc 0 8656 54605 46960 2026-09-08T09:25:24Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54605 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://web.archive.org/web/20221212141811/https://legabibo.org.bw/ Lesbians, Gays & Bisexuals of Botswana] (LEGABIBO) ke setlhopha se se lwelang ditshwanelo tsa setho mo [[Botswana]] se itebagantse thata le go lwela ditshwanelo tsa molao le setho tsa batho ba ba ratanang ka bong mo Botswana. Ke lekgotla la ntlha la baratani ba bong jo bongwe go kwadisiwa mo Botswana morago ga go emiwa kgatlhanong semmuso.<ref>Esterhuizen,Tashwill.''(2016-05-17).[http://allafrica.com/stories/201605170322.html "Africa: Moving Towards a Culture of Tolerance, Respect and Acceptance of Sexual Diversity"]..Johannesburg.Southern Africa Litigation Centre.Retrieved 2016-06-18.''</ref> Lekgotla le ikaelela go fokotsa go tlhaolwa ga baratani ba bong bo le bongwe le go lwela go lemogiwa ga baratani ba bong bo le bongwe fa go tla mo go tsa go amogela le go godisa bana, go amogelesega mo setshabeng le go nyalana ka bong. == Ditso == LEGABIBO e simolotse ka ngwaga wa 1998<ref name=":0">Tabengwa,Monica;Nicol,Nancy.(2013).Lennox,Corinne (ed).''[http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/4824/10/12TabengwaNicol_SexualRightsBotswana.pdf "Human Rights, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in The Commonwealth: Struggles for Decriminalisation and Change"].School of Advanced Study, University of London.The development of sexual rights and the LGBT movement in Botswana.pp 352–362.''</ref> ka fa tlase ga katlego ya lekgotla le le lwelang ditshwanelo tsa setho la [[:en:Ditshwanelo|Ditshwanelo]] , e le tiro e e ka fa tlhakoreng e e emetseng batho ba ba ratanang ka bong mo Botswana.<ref name=":0" /> Go lemogiwa semmuso le go sirelediwa ke molao ga batho ba ba ratanang ka bong mo Botswana e ne ele one maikaelelo a setlhopha se. Le fa go ntse jalo, go kwadisa lekgotla go ne ga seka ga nna bonolo mo Botswana ka matona a puo a ne a ne a dumela fa go ratana ka bong go le kgatlhanong le molao mo kgaolong ya masome a marataro le bone ya penal code, mme bangwe ba dumela gore go kwadisa lekgotla le go tla tlisa tlhakatlhakano mo setshabeng.<ref name=":1">''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201603250607.html "Botswana: Groundbreaking Judgment By Botswana Court of Appeal On Freedom of Association and LGBTI Rights"].March 21, 2016.Pambazuka.''</ref> Mo legatong la ntlha la lekgotla le, le ne la retelelwa ke go kgobokanya madi le didirisiwa tse dingwe go kgona go dira ditirelo tsa lone go fitlhelela [https://web.archive.org/web/20221212141809/https://namati.org/network/organization/botswana-network-on-ethics-law-and-hiv-aids-bonela/ BONELA] (Botswana Network of Ethics,Law and HIV) le tsaya tshwetso ya go fa lekgotla le kemo nokeng ka mathata a lone a tsa semolao le di ofisi tse ba ka direlang ditirelo<ref name=":0" /> tsa bone le go tshwara bokopano go tlhatlhanya ka dikgang tse di amang baratani ba bong mo Botswana. Ka ngwaga wa 2005, LEGABIBO e ne ya kopa go ikwadisa le ba [https://www.gov.bw/immigration-civil-registration?txterm=95 Botswana Civil and National Registration],<ref name=":0" /> ba ba neng ba emetswe ke moatlhodi wa pele [[Unity Dow]] ba engwe nokeng ke BONELA, [https://web.archive.org/web/20221212141807/https://www.southernafricalitigationcentre.org/ Southern African Litigation Centre] (SALC) le [https://web.archive.org/web/20221212141807/https://osisa.org/ Open Society Initiative of Southern Africa] (OSISA). Setlhopha se nnile le katlego mo tshekong e kwa kgotla tshekelong ngwaga wa 2014 ka Ngwanatsele le kwa Court of Appeal ka 2016 ka Mopitlo.<ref name=":1" /> == Ditiragalo == === Batho Ba Lorato === LEGABIBO e ne ya tshwara moletlo wa setshwansho sa motshikenyego sa [https://legabibo.wordpress.com/2013/04/02/batho-ba-lorato-film-festival/ Batho Ba Lorato] se se neng se ruta batho ka dikgang tsa baratani ba bong, go rotloetsa kgololesego le boitshoko.<ref>Chuma,Thato.(February 25, 2015).''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160815210858/http://www.sundaystandard.info/legabibo-showcase-films-third-annual-film-festival "LEGABIBO SHOWCASE FILMS AT THIRD ANNUAL FILM FESTIVAL"].Sunday Standard.Gaborone.''</ref> Moletlo wa boraro o ne o tshwerwe ka malatsi a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ka Tlhakole 2015 kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana|University of Botswana]] Auditorium. === Letsatsi la mafatsheatshe kgatlhanong le batho ba ba tlhoileng baratani ba bong bo le bongwe le ba ba iphetotseng bong === Lekgotla le le ba BONELA ba ipelela [[:en:International_Day_Against_Homophobia,_Biphobia_and_Transphobia|International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobia]] le bo le dirisa moletlo o go tsibosa batho ka ditshwanelo. Ka ngwaga wa 2015, moletlo o ne wa dirisiwa go simolola letsholo kgatlhanong le go kgaola dikarolo tsa bana ba ba tsholwang ba na le dikarolo tsotlhe ka bobedi.<ref>Mokaeya,Mosidi.(May 19, 2014).''[http://www.sundaystandard.info/legabibo-commemorates-day-against-homophobia "LEGABIBO COMMEMORATES DAY AGAINST HOMOPHOBIA"].Sunday Standard.Gaborone.''</ref> == Metswedi == avd8kpj1dbn20fmy0z8ueydprs5q8u8 0 9279 54558 37617 2026-09-07T19:00:13Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54558 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mogodu''' [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu01.jpg|thumb|Mala Mogodu]] Mogodu, o o itsegeng e le tripe, ke sejo sa setso se se jewang mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa Aforika Borwa. O dirilwe go tswa mo maleng a dikgomo mme e tumile thata mo dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Botswana le Zimbabwe. Le fa ka dinako tse dingwe mogodu o tsewa e le sejo fela sa setso, ga se dijo fela. E amana le setso sa Seaforika, lelapa, setšhaba, ngwao le botlhokwa jwa go dirisa didiriswa tse di leng teng ka botlhale. Mala (ka Setswana/Sotho) ke karolo e e kwa teng, gantsi e le ya phologolo e e amusang jaaka kgomo kgotsa nku.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-01|title=Welcome to DISA|url=http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za:8080/DC/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4.pdf|access-date=2021-09-18}}</ref> == Bona gape ==   * Lenaane la dikgapetla == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}}  ndz7tym3yw2z8ookekbhvt6z45uhuca 54559 54558 2026-09-07T19:01:16Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54559 wikitext text/x-wiki ===  '''Mogodu''' === [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu01.jpg|thumb|Mala Mogodu]] Mogodu, o o itsegeng e le tripe, ke sejo sa setso se se jewang mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa Aforika Borwa. O dirilwe go tswa mo maleng a dikgomo mme e tumile thata mo dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Botswana le Zimbabwe. Le fa ka dinako tse dingwe mogodu o tsewa e le sejo fela sa setso, ga se dijo fela. E amana le setso sa Seaforika, lelapa, setšhaba, ngwao le botlhokwa jwa go dirisa didiriswa tse di leng teng ka botlhale. Mala (ka Setswana/Sotho) ke karolo e e kwa teng, gantsi e le ya phologolo e e amusang jaaka kgomo kgotsa nku.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-01|title=Welcome to DISA|url=http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za:8080/DC/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4.pdf|access-date=2021-09-18}}</ref> ==== Mogodu ke eng ==== Mo ditšhabeng di le dintsi tsa mo Aforika, dikgomo di nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo hisitoring mo loagong le mo ikonoming. Dikgomo di ka supa khumo, maemo le boswa jwa lelapa, mme gape di botlhokwa mo meletlong le dikokoanong tsa setso. Fa phologolo e bolawa, go dirisiwa dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa yone go na le gore dijo tse di botlhokwa di senngwe. Mogodu ke sekai sa mokgwa ono. Mpa ya yone e phepafadiwa ka kelotlhoko, e bo e apewa, e leng se se bontshang gore go dirisiwa mokgwa wa setso wa go dirisa phologolo yotlhe. == Bona gape == * Lenaane la dikgapetla == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}}  g1zegyqw4o6rjthmg6c3b4mixwf6icj 54560 54559 2026-09-07T19:01:52Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54560 wikitext text/x-wiki ===  '''Mogodu''' === [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu01.jpg|thumb|Mala Mogodu]] Mogodu, o o itsegeng e le tripe, ke sejo sa setso se se jewang mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa Aforika Borwa. O dirilwe go tswa mo maleng a dikgomo mme e tumile thata mo dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Botswana le Zimbabwe. Le fa ka dinako tse dingwe mogodu o tsewa e le sejo fela sa setso, ga se dijo fela. E amana le setso sa Seaforika, lelapa, setšhaba, ngwao le botlhokwa jwa go dirisa didiriswa tse di leng teng ka botlhale. Mala (ka Setswana/Sotho) ke karolo e e kwa teng, gantsi e le ya phologolo e e amusang jaaka kgomo kgotsa nku.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-01|title=Welcome to DISA|url=http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za:8080/DC/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4.pdf|access-date=2021-09-18}}</ref> ==== Mogodu ke eng ==== Mo ditšhabeng di le dintsi tsa mo Aforika, dikgomo di nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo hisitoring mo loagong le mo ikonoming. Dikgomo di ka supa khumo, maemo le boswa jwa lelapa, mme gape di botlhokwa mo meletlong le dikokoanong tsa setso. Fa phologolo e bolawa, go dirisiwa dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa yone go na le gore dijo tse di botlhokwa di senngwe. Mogodu ke sekai sa mokgwa ono. Mpa ya yone e phepafadiwa ka kelotlhoko, e bo e apewa, e leng se se bontshang gore go dirisiwa mokgwa wa setso wa go dirisa phologolo yotlhe. Go baakanyetsa mogodu go ka tsaya nako e ntsi. Go tshwanetse ga phepafadiwa mateng pele ga a apewa. Gantsi e bedisiwa ka diura di le mmalwa go fitlha e nna boleta. Malapa a a farologaneng le batho ba ba farologaneng ba na le mekgwa ya bone ya go e apaya. Batho bangwe ba e apaya ka dieie, ditamati, konofolo le ditswaiso, fa ba bangwe bone ba rata go e apaya ka tsela e e motlhofo e e dirang gore nama e nne le tatso ya tlholego. Mogodu gantsi e jewa le pap, dumplings, merogo kgotsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso. == Bona gape == * Lenaane la dikgapetla == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}}  2nslekvgunxlf3d2fx3v2fyuk3p79hu 54561 54560 2026-09-07T19:02:52Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54561 wikitext text/x-wiki ===  '''Mogodu''' === [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu01.jpg|thumb|Mala Mogodu]] Mogodu, o o itsegeng e le tripe, ke sejo sa setso se se jewang mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa Aforika Borwa. O dirilwe go tswa mo maleng a dikgomo mme e tumile thata mo dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Botswana le Zimbabwe. Le fa ka dinako tse dingwe mogodu o tsewa e le sejo fela sa setso, ga se dijo fela. E amana le setso sa Seaforika, lelapa, setšhaba, ngwao le botlhokwa jwa go dirisa didiriswa tse di leng teng ka botlhale. Mala (ka Setswana/Sotho) ke karolo e e kwa teng, gantsi e le ya phologolo e e amusang jaaka kgomo kgotsa nku.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-01|title=Welcome to DISA|url=http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za:8080/DC/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4.pdf|access-date=2021-09-18}}</ref> ==== Mogodu ke eng ==== Mo ditšhabeng di le dintsi tsa mo Aforika, dikgomo di nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo hisitoring mo loagong le mo ikonoming. Dikgomo di ka supa khumo, maemo le boswa jwa lelapa, mme gape di botlhokwa mo meletlong le dikokoanong tsa setso. Fa phologolo e bolawa, go dirisiwa dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa yone go na le gore dijo tse di botlhokwa di senngwe. Mogodu ke sekai sa mokgwa ono. Mpa ya yone e phepafadiwa ka kelotlhoko, e bo e apewa, e leng se se bontshang gore go dirisiwa mokgwa wa setso wa go dirisa phologolo yotlhe. ==== Go baakanya mogodu ==== Go baakanyetsa mogodu go ka tsaya nako e ntsi. Go tshwanetse ga phepafadiwa mateng pele ga a apewa. Gantsi e bedisiwa ka diura di le mmalwa go fitlha e nna boleta. Malapa a a farologaneng le batho ba ba farologaneng ba na le mekgwa ya bone ya go e apaya. Batho bangwe ba e apaya ka dieie, ditamati, konofolo le ditswaiso, fa ba bangwe bone ba rata go e apaya ka tsela e e motlhofo e e dirang gore nama e nne le tatso ya tlholego. Mogodu gantsi e jewa le pap, dumplings, merogo kgotsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso. Gantsi dijo mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika di amana thata le dikamano tsa batho. Mogodu gantsi o itumelelwa ka nako ya dijo tsa lelapa, mafelo a beke, meletlo le dikokoano. Go apaya dijo tseno go ka dira gore maloko a lelapa a atamalane, mme bana ba ba godileng ba ka ruta bana ba bone go apaya. Ka tsela eno, diresepe di nna mofuta wa kitso ya setso. Mmemogolo kana motsadi yo o rutang ngwana go phepafatsa le go apaya mogodu ga a ba rute fela go apaya dijo mme gape o thusa go boloka ngwao ya setso. == Bona gape == * Lenaane la dikgapetla == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}}  ih1cscsllj9f6f8y79uh1cbs3vljdqo 54562 54561 2026-09-07T19:03:21Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54562 wikitext text/x-wiki ===  '''Mogodu''' === [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu01.jpg|thumb|Mala Mogodu]] Mogodu, o o itsegeng e le tripe, ke sejo sa setso se se jewang mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa Aforika Borwa. O dirilwe go tswa mo maleng a dikgomo mme e tumile thata mo dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Botswana le Zimbabwe. Le fa ka dinako tse dingwe mogodu o tsewa e le sejo fela sa setso, ga se dijo fela. E amana le setso sa Seaforika, lelapa, setšhaba, ngwao le botlhokwa jwa go dirisa didiriswa tse di leng teng ka botlhale. Mala (ka Setswana/Sotho) ke karolo e e kwa teng, gantsi e le ya phologolo e e amusang jaaka kgomo kgotsa nku.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-01|title=Welcome to DISA|url=http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za:8080/DC/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4.pdf|access-date=2021-09-18}}</ref> ==== Mogodu ke eng ==== Mo ditšhabeng di le dintsi tsa mo Aforika, dikgomo di nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo hisitoring mo loagong le mo ikonoming. Dikgomo di ka supa khumo, maemo le boswa jwa lelapa, mme gape di botlhokwa mo meletlong le dikokoanong tsa setso. Fa phologolo e bolawa, go dirisiwa dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa yone go na le gore dijo tse di botlhokwa di senngwe. Mogodu ke sekai sa mokgwa ono. Mpa ya yone e phepafadiwa ka kelotlhoko, e bo e apewa, e leng se se bontshang gore go dirisiwa mokgwa wa setso wa go dirisa phologolo yotlhe. ==== Go baakanya mogodu ==== Go baakanyetsa mogodu go ka tsaya nako e ntsi. Go tshwanetse ga phepafadiwa mateng pele ga a apewa. Gantsi e bedisiwa ka diura di le mmalwa go fitlha e nna boleta. Malapa a a farologaneng le batho ba ba farologaneng ba na le mekgwa ya bone ya go e apaya. Batho bangwe ba e apaya ka dieie, ditamati, konofolo le ditswaiso, fa ba bangwe bone ba rata go e apaya ka tsela e e motlhofo e e dirang gore nama e nne le tatso ya tlholego. Mogodu gantsi e jewa le pap, dumplings, merogo kgotsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso. Gantsi dijo mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika di amana thata le dikamano tsa batho. Mogodu gantsi o itumelelwa ka nako ya dijo tsa lelapa, mafelo a beke, meletlo le dikokoano. Go apaya dijo tseno go ka dira gore maloko a lelapa a atamalane, mme bana ba ba godileng ba ka ruta bana ba bone go apaya. Ka tsela eno, diresepe di nna mofuta wa kitso ya setso. Mmemogolo kana motsadi yo o rutang ngwana go phepafatsa le go apaya mogodu ga a ba rute fela go apaya dijo mme gape o thusa go boloka ngwao ya setso. Mogodu gape e bontsha botlhokwa jwa go nna le nonofo le go nna le bokgoni mo dingwaong tsa dijo tsa Seaforika. Go ralala hisitori, batho ba ne ba simolola go apaya dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa diphologolo ka gonne dijo di ne di tshwanetse go dirisiwa ka kelotlhoko. Dijo tse di ka nnang tsa tsewa di sa eletsege mo ditšhabeng dingwe tsa segompieno di ka nna dijo tse di monate le tse di nang le bokao fa di apewa go dirisiwa kitso ya setso. == Bona gape == * Lenaane la dikgapetla == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}}  03icf21ifbvzf0pw7ft2j2nkdx80akf 54563 54562 2026-09-07T19:03:58Z Reagoleboga 10854 added a photo 54563 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu02.jpg|thumb|Mogodu]] ===  '''Mogodu''' === [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu01.jpg|thumb|Mala Mogodu]] Mogodu, o o itsegeng e le tripe, ke sejo sa setso se se jewang mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa Aforika Borwa. O dirilwe go tswa mo maleng a dikgomo mme e tumile thata mo dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Botswana le Zimbabwe. Le fa ka dinako tse dingwe mogodu o tsewa e le sejo fela sa setso, ga se dijo fela. E amana le setso sa Seaforika, lelapa, setšhaba, ngwao le botlhokwa jwa go dirisa didiriswa tse di leng teng ka botlhale. Mala (ka Setswana/Sotho) ke karolo e e kwa teng, gantsi e le ya phologolo e e amusang jaaka kgomo kgotsa nku.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-01|title=Welcome to DISA|url=http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za:8080/DC/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4.pdf|access-date=2021-09-18}}</ref> ==== Mogodu ke eng ==== Mo ditšhabeng di le dintsi tsa mo Aforika, dikgomo di nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo hisitoring mo loagong le mo ikonoming. Dikgomo di ka supa khumo, maemo le boswa jwa lelapa, mme gape di botlhokwa mo meletlong le dikokoanong tsa setso. Fa phologolo e bolawa, go dirisiwa dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa yone go na le gore dijo tse di botlhokwa di senngwe. Mogodu ke sekai sa mokgwa ono. Mpa ya yone e phepafadiwa ka kelotlhoko, e bo e apewa, e leng se se bontshang gore go dirisiwa mokgwa wa setso wa go dirisa phologolo yotlhe. ==== Go baakanya mogodu ==== Go baakanyetsa mogodu go ka tsaya nako e ntsi. Go tshwanetse ga phepafadiwa mateng pele ga a apewa. Gantsi e bedisiwa ka diura di le mmalwa go fitlha e nna boleta. Malapa a a farologaneng le batho ba ba farologaneng ba na le mekgwa ya bone ya go e apaya. Batho bangwe ba e apaya ka dieie, ditamati, konofolo le ditswaiso, fa ba bangwe bone ba rata go e apaya ka tsela e e motlhofo e e dirang gore nama e nne le tatso ya tlholego. Mogodu gantsi e jewa le pap, dumplings, merogo kgotsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso. Gantsi dijo mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika di amana thata le dikamano tsa batho. Mogodu gantsi o itumelelwa ka nako ya dijo tsa lelapa, mafelo a beke, meletlo le dikokoano. Go apaya dijo tseno go ka dira gore maloko a lelapa a atamalane, mme bana ba ba godileng ba ka ruta bana ba bone go apaya. Ka tsela eno, diresepe di nna mofuta wa kitso ya setso. Mmemogolo kana motsadi yo o rutang ngwana go phepafatsa le go apaya mogodu ga a ba rute fela go apaya dijo mme gape o thusa go boloka ngwao ya setso. Mogodu gape e bontsha botlhokwa jwa go nna le nonofo le go nna le bokgoni mo dingwaong tsa dijo tsa Seaforika. Go ralala hisitori, batho ba ne ba simolola go apaya dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa diphologolo ka gonne dijo di ne di tshwanetse go dirisiwa ka kelotlhoko. Dijo tse di ka nnang tsa tsewa di sa eletsege mo ditšhabeng dingwe tsa segompieno di ka nna dijo tse di monate le tse di nang le bokao fa di apewa go dirisiwa kitso ya setso. == Bona gape == * Lenaane la dikgapetla == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}}  efboyaj8o0b9zgr7jaqa462pq7vagrr 54564 54563 2026-09-07T19:04:23Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54564 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu02.jpg|thumb|Mogodu]] ===  '''Mogodu''' === [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu01.jpg|thumb|Mala Mogodu]] Mogodu, o o itsegeng e le tripe, ke sejo sa setso se se jewang mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa Aforika Borwa. O dirilwe go tswa mo maleng a dikgomo mme e tumile thata mo dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Botswana le Zimbabwe. Le fa ka dinako tse dingwe mogodu o tsewa e le sejo fela sa setso, ga se dijo fela. E amana le setso sa Seaforika, lelapa, setšhaba, ngwao le botlhokwa jwa go dirisa didiriswa tse di leng teng ka botlhale. Mala (ka Setswana/Sotho) ke karolo e e kwa teng, gantsi e le ya phologolo e e amusang jaaka kgomo kgotsa nku.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-01|title=Welcome to DISA|url=http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za:8080/DC/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4.pdf|access-date=2021-09-18}}</ref> ==== Mogodu ke eng ==== Mo ditšhabeng di le dintsi tsa mo Aforika, dikgomo di nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo hisitoring mo loagong le mo ikonoming. Dikgomo di ka supa khumo, maemo le boswa jwa lelapa, mme gape di botlhokwa mo meletlong le dikokoanong tsa setso. Fa phologolo e bolawa, go dirisiwa dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa yone go na le gore dijo tse di botlhokwa di senngwe. Mogodu ke sekai sa mokgwa ono. Mpa ya yone e phepafadiwa ka kelotlhoko, e bo e apewa, e leng se se bontshang gore go dirisiwa mokgwa wa setso wa go dirisa phologolo yotlhe. ==== Go baakanya mogodu ==== Go baakanyetsa mogodu go ka tsaya nako e ntsi. Go tshwanetse ga phepafadiwa mateng pele ga a apewa. Gantsi e bedisiwa ka diura di le mmalwa go fitlha e nna boleta. Malapa a a farologaneng le batho ba ba farologaneng ba na le mekgwa ya bone ya go e apaya. Batho bangwe ba e apaya ka dieie, ditamati, konofolo le ditswaiso, fa ba bangwe bone ba rata go e apaya ka tsela e e motlhofo e e dirang gore nama e nne le tatso ya tlholego. Mogodu gantsi e jewa le pap, dumplings, merogo kgotsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso. Gantsi dijo mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika di amana thata le dikamano tsa batho. Mogodu gantsi o itumelelwa ka nako ya dijo tsa lelapa, mafelo a beke, meletlo le dikokoano. Go apaya dijo tseno go ka dira gore maloko a lelapa a atamalane, mme bana ba ba godileng ba ka ruta bana ba bone go apaya. Ka tsela eno, diresepe di nna mofuta wa kitso ya setso. Mmemogolo kana motsadi yo o rutang ngwana go phepafatsa le go apaya mogodu ga a ba rute fela go apaya dijo mme gape o thusa go boloka ngwao ya setso. Mogodu gape e bontsha botlhokwa jwa go nna le nonofo le go nna le bokgoni mo dingwaong tsa dijo tsa Seaforika. Go ralala hisitori, batho ba ne ba simolola go apaya dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa diphologolo ka gonne dijo di ne di tshwanetse go dirisiwa ka kelotlhoko. Dijo tse di ka nnang tsa tsewa di sa eletsege mo ditšhabeng dingwe tsa segompieno di ka nna dijo tse di monate le tse di nang le bokao fa di apewa go dirisiwa kitso ya setso. Ka jalo, Mogodu e bontsha bokgoni jwa baagi ba Afrika jwa go fetola dijo tse di leng teng go di dira dijo tse di otlang. Gompieno, mogodu o sa ntse o ratiwa mo metseselegaeng le mo ditoropong. E ka fitlhelwa mo magaeng, mo diresetšhurenteng tsa setso le mo mafelong a go rekisiwang dijo mo go one. Dikokomana tse dinnye di ka nna tsa e apaya mmogo le dijo tsa segompieno, e leng se se bontshang gore dijo tsa Seafrika di ka fetoga mme di sa ntse di amana le dilo tsa nako e e fetileng. == Bona gape == * Lenaane la dikgapetla == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}}  og5nu0958baslgix6mfulv4f3m5ys1i 54565 54564 2026-09-07T19:05:52Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54565 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu02.jpg|thumb|Mogodu]] ===  '''Mogodu''' === [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu01.jpg|thumb|Mala Mogodu]] Mogodu, o o itsegeng e le tripe, ke sejo sa setso se se jewang mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa Aforika Borwa. O dirilwe go tswa mo maleng a dikgomo mme e tumile thata mo dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Botswana le Zimbabwe. Le fa ka dinako tse dingwe mogodu o tsewa e le sejo fela sa setso, ga se dijo fela. E amana le setso sa Seaforika, lelapa, setšhaba, ngwao le botlhokwa jwa go dirisa didiriswa tse di leng teng ka botlhale. Mala (ka Setswana/Sotho) ke karolo e e kwa teng, gantsi e le ya phologolo e e amusang jaaka kgomo kgotsa nku.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-01|title=Welcome to DISA|url=http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za:8080/DC/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4.pdf|access-date=2021-09-18}}</ref> ==== Mogodu ke eng ==== Mo ditšhabeng di le dintsi tsa mo Aforika, dikgomo di nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo hisitoring mo loagong le mo ikonoming. Dikgomo di ka supa khumo, maemo le boswa jwa lelapa, mme gape di botlhokwa mo meletlong le dikokoanong tsa setso. Fa phologolo e bolawa, go dirisiwa dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa yone go na le gore dijo tse di botlhokwa di senngwe. Mogodu ke sekai sa mokgwa ono. Mpa ya yone e phepafadiwa ka kelotlhoko, e bo e apewa, e leng se se bontshang gore go dirisiwa mokgwa wa setso wa go dirisa phologolo yotlhe. ==== Go baakanya mogodu ==== Go baakanyetsa mogodu go ka tsaya nako e ntsi. Go tshwanetse ga phepafadiwa mateng pele ga a apewa. Gantsi e bedisiwa ka diura di le mmalwa go fitlha e nna boleta. Malapa a a farologaneng le batho ba ba farologaneng ba na le mekgwa ya bone ya go e apaya. Batho bangwe ba e apaya ka dieie, ditamati, konofolo le ditswaiso, fa ba bangwe bone ba rata go e apaya ka tsela e e motlhofo e e dirang gore nama e nne le tatso ya tlholego. Mogodu gantsi e jewa le pap, dumplings, merogo kgotsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso. Gantsi dijo mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika di amana thata le dikamano tsa batho. Mogodu gantsi o itumelelwa ka nako ya dijo tsa lelapa, mafelo a beke, meletlo le dikokoano. Go apaya dijo tseno go ka dira gore maloko a lelapa a atamalane, mme bana ba ba godileng ba ka ruta bana ba bone go apaya. Ka tsela eno, diresepe di nna mofuta wa kitso ya setso. Mmemogolo kana motsadi yo o rutang ngwana go phepafatsa le go apaya mogodu ga a ba rute fela go apaya dijo mme gape o thusa go boloka ngwao ya setso. ==== Dikotla tsa mogodu ==== Mogodu gape e bontsha botlhokwa jwa go nna le nonofo le go nna le bokgoni mo dingwaong tsa dijo tsa Seaforika. Go ralala hisetori, batho ba ne ba simolola go apaya dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa diphologolo ka gonne dijo di ne di tshwanetse go dirisiwa ka kelotlhoko. Dijo tse di ka nnang tsa tsewa di sa eletsege mo ditšhabeng dingwe tsa segompieno di ka nna dijo tse di monate le tse di nang le bokao fa di apewa go dirisiwa kitso ya setso. Ka jalo, Mogodu e bontsha bokgoni jwa baagi ba Aforika jwa go fetola dijo tse di leng teng go di dira dijo tse di otlang. Gompieno, mogodu o sa ntse o ratiwa mo metseselegaeng le mo ditoropong. E ka fitlhelwa mo magaeng, mo diresetšhurenteng tsa setso le mo mafelong a go rekisiwang dijo mo go one. Dikokomana tse dinnye di ka nna tsa e apaya mmogo le dijo tsa segompieno, e leng se se bontshang gore dijo tsa Seafrika di ka fetoga mme di sa ntse di amana le dilo tsa nako e e fetileng. Fa re konela, mogodu ga se dijo fela tse di apewang mo poleiting. E emetse kitso ya Seaforika, botswerere, kamogelo le boitshupo jwa setso. Go baakanyediwa dijo tseno go kopanya dikokomana, fa go nna gone ga tsone mo dikokoanong tsa lelapa le tsa setšhaba go bontsha seabe sa botlhokwa se dijo di nang le sone mo go kopanyeng batho. Mogodu e sala e le karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo tsa kwa borwa jwa Aforika ka gonne e na le boleng jwa dikotla le bokao jwa setso. == Bona gape == * Lenaane la dikgapetla == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}}  n38d761a821zk5tf8bjzlgtxertvtvh 54566 54565 2026-09-07T19:07:16Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54566 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu02.jpg|thumb|Mogodu]] ===  '''Mogodu''' === [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu01.jpg|thumb|Mala Mogodu]] Mogodu, o o itsegeng e le tripe, ke sejo sa setso se se jewang mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa Aforika Borwa. O dirilwe go tswa mo maleng a dikgomo mme e tumile thata mo dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Botswana le Zimbabwe. Le fa ka dinako tse dingwe mogodu o tsewa e le sejo fela sa setso, ga se dijo fela.<ref>https://www.jacarandafm.com/shows/breakfast/joburg-ranked-among-worlds-best-cities-for-street-food/</ref> E amana le setso sa Seaforika, lelapa, setšhaba, ngwao le botlhokwa jwa go dirisa didiriswa tse di leng teng ka botlhale. Mala (ka Setswana/Sotho) ke karolo e e kwa teng, gantsi e le ya phologolo e e amusang jaaka kgomo kgotsa nku.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-01|title=Welcome to DISA|url=http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za:8080/DC/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4.pdf|access-date=2021-09-18}}</ref> ==== Mogodu ke eng ==== Mo ditšhabeng di le dintsi tsa mo Aforika, dikgomo di nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo hisitoring mo loagong le mo ikonoming. Dikgomo di ka supa khumo, maemo le boswa jwa lelapa, mme gape di botlhokwa mo meletlong le dikokoanong tsa setso.<ref>https://www.news24.com/life/food/recipes/tripe-and-prejudice-tripe-trotters-offal-mogodu-and-everything-in-between-20250919-0865</ref> Fa phologolo e bolawa, go dirisiwa dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa yone go na le gore dijo tse di botlhokwa di senngwe. Mogodu ke sekai sa mokgwa ono. Mpa ya yone e phepafadiwa ka kelotlhoko, e bo e apewa, e leng se se bontshang gore go dirisiwa mokgwa wa setso wa go dirisa phologolo yotlhe.<ref>https://www.timeout.com/johannesburg/news/mogodu-monday-deals-around-johannesburg-061125</ref> ==== Go baakanya mogodu ==== Go baakanyetsa mogodu go ka tsaya nako e ntsi. Go tshwanetse ga phepafadiwa mateng pele ga a apewa. Gantsi e bedisiwa ka diura di le mmalwa go fitlha e nna boleta. Malapa a a farologaneng le batho ba ba farologaneng ba na le mekgwa ya bone ya go e apaya. Batho bangwe ba e apaya ka dieie, ditamati, konofolo le ditswaiso, fa ba bangwe bone ba rata go e apaya ka tsela e e motlhofo e e dirang gore nama e nne le tatso ya tlholego. Mogodu gantsi e jewa le pap, dumplings, merogo kgotsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso. Gantsi dijo mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika di amana thata le dikamano tsa batho. Mogodu gantsi o itumelelwa ka nako ya dijo tsa lelapa, mafelo a beke, meletlo le dikokoano. Go apaya dijo tseno go ka dira gore maloko a lelapa a atamalane, mme bana ba ba godileng ba ka ruta bana ba bone go apaya. Ka tsela eno, diresepe di nna mofuta wa kitso ya setso. Mmemogolo kana motsadi yo o rutang ngwana go phepafatsa le go apaya mogodu ga a ba rute fela go apaya dijo mme gape o thusa go boloka ngwao ya setso. ==== Dikotla tsa mogodu ==== Mogodu gape e bontsha botlhokwa jwa go nna le nonofo le go nna le bokgoni mo dingwaong tsa dijo tsa Seaforika. Go ralala hisetori, batho ba ne ba simolola go apaya dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa diphologolo ka gonne dijo di ne di tshwanetse go dirisiwa ka kelotlhoko. Dijo tse di ka nnang tsa tsewa di sa eletsege mo ditšhabeng dingwe tsa segompieno di ka nna dijo tse di monate le tse di nang le bokao fa di apewa go dirisiwa kitso ya setso. Ka jalo, Mogodu e bontsha bokgoni jwa baagi ba Aforika jwa go fetola dijo tse di leng teng go di dira dijo tse di otlang. Gompieno, mogodu o sa ntse o ratiwa mo metseselegaeng le mo ditoropong. E ka fitlhelwa mo magaeng, mo diresetšhurenteng tsa setso le mo mafelong a go rekisiwang dijo mo go one. Dikokomana tse dinnye di ka nna tsa e apaya mmogo le dijo tsa segompieno, e leng se se bontshang gore dijo tsa Seafrika di ka fetoga mme di sa ntse di amana le dilo tsa nako e e fetileng. Fa re konela, mogodu ga se dijo fela tse di apewang mo poleiting. E emetse kitso ya Seaforika, botswerere, kamogelo le boitshupo jwa setso. Go baakanyediwa dijo tseno go kopanya dikokomana, fa go nna gone ga tsone mo dikokoanong tsa lelapa le tsa setšhaba go bontsha seabe sa botlhokwa se dijo di nang le sone mo go kopanyeng batho. Mogodu e sala e le karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo tsa kwa borwa jwa Aforika ka gonne e na le boleng jwa dikotla le bokao jwa setso. == Bona gape == * Lenaane la dikgapetla == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}}  4gtwqvose5yoxxjxypd6snrpgdk7gpu 54567 54566 2026-09-07T19:09:52Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54567 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu02.jpg|thumb|Mogodu]] ===  '''Mogodu''' === [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu01.jpg|thumb|Mala Mogodu]] Mogodu, o o itsegeng e le tripe, ke sejo sa setso se se jewang mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa Aforika Borwa. O dirilwe go tswa mo maleng a dikgomo mme e tumile thata mo dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Botswana le Zimbabwe. Le fa ka dinako tse dingwe mogodu o tsewa e le sejo fela sa setso, ga se dijo fela.<ref>https://www.jacarandafm.com/shows/breakfast/joburg-ranked-among-worlds-best-cities-for-street-food/</ref> E amana le setso sa Seaforika, lelapa, setšhaba, ngwao le botlhokwa jwa go dirisa didiriswa tse di leng teng ka botlhale. Mala (ka Setswana/Sotho) ke karolo e e kwa teng, gantsi e le ya phologolo e e amusang jaaka kgomo kgotsa nku.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-01|title=Welcome to DISA|url=http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za:8080/DC/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4.pdf|access-date=2021-09-18}}</ref> ==== Mogodu ke eng ==== Mo ditšhabeng di le dintsi tsa mo Aforika, dikgomo di nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo hisitoring mo loagong le mo ikonoming. Dikgomo di ka supa khumo, maemo le boswa jwa lelapa, mme gape di botlhokwa mo meletlong le dikokoanong tsa setso.<ref>https://www.news24.com/life/food/recipes/tripe-and-prejudice-tripe-trotters-offal-mogodu-and-everything-in-between-20250919-0865</ref> Fa phologolo e bolawa, go dirisiwa dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa yone go na le gore dijo tse di botlhokwa di senngwe. Mogodu ke sekai sa mokgwa ono. Mpa ya yone e phepafadiwa ka kelotlhoko, e bo e apewa, e leng se se bontshang gore go dirisiwa mokgwa wa setso wa go dirisa phologolo yotlhe.<ref>https://www.timeout.com/johannesburg/news/mogodu-monday-deals-around-johannesburg-061125</ref> ==== Go baakanya mogodu ==== Go baakanyetsa mogodu go ka tsaya nako e ntsi. Go tshwanetse ga phepafadiwa mateng pele ga a apewa. Gantsi e bedisiwa ka diura di le mmalwa go fitlha e nna boleta. Malapa a a farologaneng le batho ba ba farologaneng ba na le mekgwa ya bone ya go e apaya. Batho bangwe ba e apaya ka dieie, ditamati, konofolo le ditswaiso, fa ba bangwe bone ba rata go e apaya ka tsela e e motlhofo e e dirang gore nama e nne le tatso ya tlholego. Mogodu gantsi e jewa le pap, dumplings, merogo kgotsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso.<ref>https://iol.co.za/lifestyle/food-and-restaurants/2022-01-23-three-places-to-visit-on-mondays-for-tasty-mogodu/</ref> Gantsi dijo mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika di amana thata le dikamano tsa batho. Mogodu gantsi o itumelelwa ka nako ya dijo tsa lelapa, mafelo a beke, meletlo le dikokoano. Go apaya dijo tseno go ka dira gore maloko a lelapa a atamalane, mme bana ba ba godileng ba ka ruta bana ba bone go apaya. Ka tsela eno, diresepe di nna mofuta wa kitso ya setso. Mmemogolo kana motsadi yo o rutang ngwana go phepafatsa le go apaya mogodu ga a ba rute fela go apaya dijo mme gape o thusa go boloka ngwao ya setso.<ref>https://www.foodformzansi.co.za/mogodu-how-to-get-this-traditional-icon-squeaky-clean/</ref> ==== Dikotla tsa mogodu ==== Mogodu gape e bontsha botlhokwa jwa go nna le nonofo le go nna le bokgoni mo dingwaong tsa dijo tsa Seaforika. Go ralala hisetori, batho ba ne ba simolola go apaya dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa diphologolo ka gonne dijo di ne di tshwanetse go dirisiwa ka kelotlhoko. Dijo tse di ka nnang tsa tsewa di sa eletsege mo ditšhabeng dingwe tsa segompieno di ka nna dijo tse di monate le tse di nang le bokao fa di apewa go dirisiwa kitso ya setso.<ref>https://www.news24.com/truelove/food/mogodu-and-7-other-south-african-cuisines-to-try-this-heritage-day-20240923</ref> Ka jalo, Mogodu e bontsha bokgoni jwa baagi ba Aforika jwa go fetola dijo tse di leng teng go di dira dijo tse di otlang. Gompieno, mogodu o sa ntse o ratiwa mo metseselegaeng le mo ditoropong. E ka fitlhelwa mo magaeng, mo diresetšhurenteng tsa setso le mo mafelong a go rekisiwang dijo mo go one. Dikokomana tse dinnye di ka nna tsa e apaya mmogo le dijo tsa segompieno, e leng se se bontshang gore dijo tsa Seafrika di ka fetoga mme di sa ntse di amana le dilo tsa nako e e fetileng.<ref>https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/news/why-mogodu-is-good-for-you-20240921/</ref> Fa re konela, mogodu ga se dijo fela tse di apewang mo poleiting. E emetse kitso ya Seaforika, botswerere, kamogelo le boitshupo jwa setso. Go baakanyediwa dijo tseno go kopanya dikokomana, fa go nna gone ga tsone mo dikokoanong tsa lelapa le tsa setšhaba go bontsha seabe sa botlhokwa se dijo di nang le sone mo go kopanyeng batho. Mogodu e sala e le karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo tsa kwa borwa jwa Aforika ka gonne e na le boleng jwa dikotla le bokao jwa setso.<ref>https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/2017-10-24-heat-and-eat-mogodu-to-hit-the-shelves-at-your-supermarket/</ref> == Bona gape == * Lenaane la dikgapetla == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}}  nbroicf2mdunpe0i2hv0zquw18pjl0r 54568 54567 2026-09-07T19:10:31Z Reagoleboga 10854 54568 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu02.jpg|thumb|Mogodu]] ===  '''Mogodu''' === [[Setshwantsho:Mala Mogodu01.jpg|thumb|Mala Mogodu]] Mogodu, o o itsegeng e le tripe, ke sejo sa setso se se jewang mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa Aforika Borwa. O dirilwe go tswa mo maleng a dikgomo mme e tumile thata mo dinageng tse di jaaka Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Botswana le Zimbabwe. Le fa ka dinako tse dingwe mogodu o tsewa e le sejo fela sa setso, ga se dijo fela.<ref>https://www.jacarandafm.com/shows/breakfast/joburg-ranked-among-worlds-best-cities-for-street-food/</ref> E amana le setso sa Seaforika, lelapa, setšhaba, ngwao le botlhokwa jwa go dirisa didiriswa tse di leng teng ka botlhale. Mala (ka Setswana/Sotho) ke karolo e e kwa teng, gantsi e le ya phologolo e e amusang jaaka kgomo kgotsa nku.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-01|title=Welcome to DISA|url=http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za:8080/DC/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4/IzApr83.1684.8071.000.000.Apr1983.4.pdf|access-date=2021-09-18}}</ref> ==== Mogodu ke eng ==== Mo ditšhabeng di le dintsi tsa mo Aforika, dikgomo di nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo hisitoring mo loagong le mo ikonoming. Dikgomo di ka supa khumo, maemo le boswa jwa lelapa, mme gape di botlhokwa mo meletlong le dikokoanong tsa setso.<ref>https://www.news24.com/life/food/recipes/tripe-and-prejudice-tripe-trotters-offal-mogodu-and-everything-in-between-20250919-0865</ref> Fa phologolo e bolawa, go dirisiwa dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa yone go na le gore dijo tse di botlhokwa di senngwe. Mogodu ke sekai sa mokgwa ono. Mpa ya yone e phepafadiwa ka kelotlhoko, e bo e apewa, e leng se se bontshang gore go dirisiwa mokgwa wa setso wa go dirisa phologolo yotlhe.<ref>https://www.timeout.com/johannesburg/news/mogodu-monday-deals-around-johannesburg-061125</ref> ==== Go baakanya mogodu ==== Go baakanyetsa mogodu go ka tsaya nako e ntsi. Go tshwanetse ga phepafadiwa mateng pele ga a apewa. Gantsi e bedisiwa ka diura di le mmalwa go fitlha e nna boleta. Malapa a a farologaneng le batho ba ba farologaneng ba na le mekgwa ya bone ya go e apaya. Batho bangwe ba e apaya ka dieie, ditamati, konofolo le ditswaiso, fa ba bangwe bone ba rata go e apaya ka tsela e e motlhofo e e dirang gore nama e nne le tatso ya tlholego. Mogodu gantsi e jewa le pap, dumplings, merogo kgotsa dijo tse dingwe tsa setso.<ref>https://iol.co.za/lifestyle/food-and-restaurants/2022-01-23-three-places-to-visit-on-mondays-for-tasty-mogodu/</ref> Gantsi dijo mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika di amana thata le dikamano tsa batho. Mogodu gantsi o itumelelwa ka nako ya dijo tsa lelapa, mafelo a beke, meletlo le dikokoano. Go apaya dijo tseno go ka dira gore maloko a lelapa a atamalane, mme bana ba ba godileng ba ka ruta bana ba bone go apaya. Ka tsela eno, diresepe di nna mofuta wa kitso ya setso. Mmemogolo kana motsadi yo o rutang ngwana go phepafatsa le go apaya mogodu ga a ba rute fela go apaya dijo mme gape o thusa go boloka ngwao ya setso.<ref>https://www.foodformzansi.co.za/mogodu-how-to-get-this-traditional-icon-squeaky-clean/</ref> ==== Dikotla tsa mogodu ==== Mogodu gape e bontsha botlhokwa jwa go nna le nonofo le go nna le bokgoni mo dingwaong tsa dijo tsa Seaforika. Go ralala hisetori, batho ba ne ba simolola go apaya dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa diphologolo ka gonne dijo di ne di tshwanetse go dirisiwa ka kelotlhoko. Dijo tse di ka nnang tsa tsewa di sa eletsege mo ditšhabeng dingwe tsa segompieno di ka nna dijo tse di monate le tse di nang le bokao fa di apewa go dirisiwa kitso ya setso.<ref>https://www.news24.com/truelove/food/mogodu-and-7-other-south-african-cuisines-to-try-this-heritage-day-20240923</ref> Ka jalo, Mogodu e bontsha bokgoni jwa baagi ba Aforika jwa go fetola dijo tse di leng teng go di dira dijo tse di otlang. Gompieno, mogodu o sa ntse o ratiwa mo metseselegaeng le mo ditoropong. E ka fitlhelwa mo magaeng, mo diresetšhurenteng tsa setso le mo mafelong a go rekisiwang dijo mo go one. Dikokomana tse dinnye di ka nna tsa e apaya mmogo le dijo tsa segompieno, e leng se se bontshang gore dijo tsa Seafrika di ka fetoga mme di sa ntse di amana le dilo tsa nako e e fetileng.<ref>https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/news/why-mogodu-is-good-for-you-20240921/</ref> Fa re konela, mogodu ga se dijo fela tse di apewang mo poleiting. E emetse kitso ya Seaforika, botswerere, kamogelo le boitshupo jwa setso. Go baakanyediwa dijo tseno go kopanya dikokomana, fa go nna gone ga tsone mo dikokoanong tsa lelapa le tsa setšhaba go bontsha seabe sa botlhokwa se dijo di nang le sone mo go kopanyeng batho. Mogodu e sala e le karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo tsa kwa borwa jwa Aforika ka gonne e na le boleng jwa dikotla le bokao jwa setso.<ref>https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/2017-10-24-heat-and-eat-mogodu-to-hit-the-shelves-at-your-supermarket/</ref> == Bona gape == * Lenaane la dikgapetla == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}}  [[Category: Mala Mogodu]] [[Category: Tripe]] j3rlqo3o5m3pxkd47a836dwolneikez 0 9399 54579 42125 2026-09-07T23:44:25Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54579 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:HakimiAchraf.jpg|thumb|Hakimi Achraft]] '''Achraf Hakimi Mouh''' o belegwe ka di 04 Ngwanatsele 1998. Ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa porofeshenale yo o tshamekang jaaka motlhokomedi yo o kwa mojeng ko lemoragong kgotsa mo letlhakoreng la setlhopha sa Ligue 1 Paris Saint-Germain le Setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa Morocco. O tsewa ke batho ba le bantsi e le mongwe wa batshameki ba ba di gogang kwa pele mo lefatsheng.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Top 10 defenders in the World 2023|url=https://vbetnews.com/news/top-10-defenders-in-the-world-2023|access-date=27 May 2023|archivedate=16 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216162938/https://vbetnews.com/news/top-10-defenders-in-the-world-2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=4 March 2023|title=Top 10 Defenders in 2023 {{!}} Ranked!|url=https://feedmegoal.com/top10-defenders-2023/|access-date=27 May 2023|website=FeedMeGoal|archive-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605222445/https://feedmegoal.com/top10-defenders-2023/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Rajput|first=Pavendra|date=6 May 2023|title=Top 10 Defenders in Football in 2023, updated ranking|url=https://sportsnarratives.com/football/top-10-defenders-in-football-in-2023-updated-ranking/|access-date=27 May 2023|website=Sports Narratives|archive-date=27 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527155648/https://sportsnarratives.com/football/top-10-defenders-in-football-in-2023-updated-ranking/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Best defenders in the world 2023|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sport/football/best-defenders-world/|access-date=27 May 2023|website=Radio Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=24 April 2023|title=Best Defenders in the World 2023: Top 10 Players Leading the Defense|url=https://www.fresherslive.com/latest/articles/best-defenders-in-the-world-top-10-1000008728|access-date=27 May 2023|archivedate=27 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527155646/https://www.fresherslive.com/latest/articles/best-defenders-in-the-world-top-10-1000008728}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ranking the Top 10 best right-backs in 2023|url=https://khelnow.com/football/2022-12-world-football-top-10-best-right-backs-in-2022|access-date=27 May 2023|website=Khel Now}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Real Madrid C.F. the Winner Of The Champions League in 2018 (1) (Achraf).jpg|thumb|Hakimi morago ga go fenya 2017–18 UEFA Champions League le Real Madrid]] == Metswedi == e2h0y7pnrxti857r4ltp2b35mh1p1ky 0 9982 54602 45089 2026-09-08T08:41:11Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Kenetswe Mosenogi|office=Mokhanselara wa [[Bokone Bophirima]] wa madi|term_start=Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2024|premier=[[Lazarus Mokgosi]]|predecessor=[[Motlalepula Rosho]]|office1=Mokhanselara wa [[Bokone Bophirima]] wa botaki, ngwao le itloso bodutu|term_start1=Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa 2022|term_end1=Seetebosigo a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 2024|premier1=[[Bushy Maape]]|predecessor1=[[Tsotso Tlhapi]]|successor1=[[Collen Maine]]|office2=Mokhanselara wa [[Bokone Bophirima]] wa tlhabololo itsholelo, tikologo le tshomarelo le bojanala|term_start2=Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa 2019|term_end2=Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa 2022|premier2=[[Bushy Maape]] [[Job Mokgoro]]|successor2=[[Tsotso Tlhapi]]|office3=Mopalamente wa [[Bokone Bophirima]]|term_start3=Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa 2019|office4=Mothusa mokwaledi wa lekgotla la banana la [[African National Congress]]|term_start4=Seetebosigo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 2011|term_end4=Mopitlo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 2013|predecessor4=[[Steven Ngobeni]]|successor4=[[Thandi Moraka]]|birth_name=Kentswe Norah Mosenogi|birth_date=Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 1982|nationality=mo [[Aforika borwa]]|party=[[African National Congress]]|alma_mater=[[North-West University Business School]] [[University of the Witwatersrand]]|profession=Mopolotiki}} '''Kenetswe Norah Mosenog'''i (o o tshotsweng ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 1982) ke mopolotiki wa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] go tswa kwa [[Bokone Bophirima]]. Ke leloko la [[African National Congress]], o sale a nna leloko la khansele ya madi ka Seetebosigo 2024 gape e le leloko la palamente ya Bokone Bophirima fa e sale ka Motsheganong 2019. Pele, o kile a nna mokhanselara wa tlhabololo itsholelo, tikologo, tshomarelo le tikologo go tswa ka Motsheganong 2019 go tsena Ngwanatsele 2022 gape e le mokhanselara wa botaki, ngwao le itloso bodutu go tswa ka Ngwanatsele 2022 go fitlhelela Seetebosigo 2024. Mosenogi o berekile gape e le mothusa mokwaledi-mogolo wa lekgotla la banana la African National Congress go tswa ka 2011 go tsena 2013. == Thuto == Mosenogi o ne a aloga ka master's degree ya business administration go tswa kwa [[North West University Business School]].<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200814193554/https://www.gov.za/speeches/mec-kenetswe-mosenogi-meeting-her-new-administration-18-jun-2019-0000 "MEC Kenetswe Mosenogi on meeting with her new administration".] ''Government of South Africa''. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2025</ref> O na le post graduate diploma ya tshekatsheko le tlhotlhomiso go tswa kwa [[University of the Witwatersrand]].<ref name=":0" /> == Tsa pereko == Mosenogi o berekile e le mogogi wa kemo nokeng ya ditirelo tsa maranyane le mogolaganyi wa palamente mo lephateng la metshameko le itloso bodutu.<ref name=":0" /> O berekile gape e le mothusa motsamaisi wa baithuti kwa [[University of South Africa]].<ref name=":0" /> == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Mosenogi e ne e le leloko la lekgotla la banana la African National Congress. O tlhophilwe lantlha mo komiting ka 2008.<ref name=":1">Mataboge, Mmanaledi; Letsoala, Matuma. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150916051646/http://mg.co.za/article/2011-06-24-meet-the-anc-youth-leagues-new-top-guns "Meet the ANC Youth League's new top guns"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2025</ref> E ne e le mokhanselara le leloko la komiti ya tlhabololo itsholelo ya mmasepala wa [[Tlokwe]] gaufi le [[Potchefstroom]], go fitlhelela ditlhopho tsa Motsheganong 2011<ref name=":1" />. Kgwedi e e latelang, Mosenogi o ne a tlhophiwa mothusa mokwaledi mogolo wa lekgotla la banana la ANC.<ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/julius-malema-reelected-ancyl-president-unopposed "Julius Malema re-elected ANCYL President (unopposed)".] ''Politicsweb''. 17 June 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2025</ref> O ne a tlhatlhama Steven Ngubeni, a nna mo maemong ao go fitlhelela boeteledipele jwa lekgotla jwa nako eo bo rolwa marapo ka Mopitlo 2013.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2008-04-07-malema-elected-as-new-ancyl-leader/ "Malema elected as new ANCYL leader".] Mail & Guardian. 7 April 2008. Retrieved 24 November 2025 <q>Steven Ngobeni as deputy secretary general</q></ref><ref>[https://www.polity.org.za/article/ancyl-disbanded-reports-2013-03-18 "ANCYL disbanded – reports"]. ''Polity''. 18 March 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2025</ref> E ne e le ene fela mosadi o o berekileng mo boeteledingpele jwa lekgotla mo sebakeng seo.<ref name=":1" /> [[Thandi Moraka]] o ne a tlhophiwa go mo tlhatlhama ka Lwetse 2015.<ref>Letsoala, Matuma (5 September 2015). [https://mg.co.za/article/2015-09-05-ancyl-elects-collen-maine-as-new-president/ "ANCYL elects Collen Maine as new president"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. Retrieved 24 November 2025</ref> == Puso ya kgaolo == Pele ga ditlhopho tsa Motsheganong a robabobedi ngwaga wa 2019, Mosenogi o ne a le mo maemong a lesome le bobedi a lenaane la ANC la bontlhopheng ba kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima. O tsene mo ofising ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa 2019. Morago ga malatsi, Mosenogi o ne a tlhomiwa mokhanselara wa lephata le lesha la tlhabololo itsholelo, tikologo, tshomarelo le bojanala kwa khanseleng e e neng e eteletswe pele ke [[Job Mokgoro]].<ref>Montsho, Molaole (28 May 2019)[https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2019-05-28-women-dominate-north-west-premier-job-mokgoros-new-cabinet/ . "Women dominate North West Premier Job Mokgoro's new cabinet"]. ''IOL''. Retrieved 24 November 2025</ref> O tsene mo ofising  letsatsi lone leo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200814195210/https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/government/2136444/north-west-provincial-cabinet-has-integrity-and-ability-says-premier-mokgoro/ "North West provincial cabinet has 'integrity and ability', says Premier Mokgoro".] ''The Citizen''. 29 May 2019. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2025</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa 2022, Mosenogi o ne a tlhomowa mokhanselara wa botaki, ngwao le itloso bodutu.<ref>Naile, Siso (22 November 2022). [https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/north-west-premier-new-executive-22-november-2022/ "North West Premier announces new Executive Council".] ''The South African''. Retrieved 24 November 2205</ref> O berekile mo maemong ao go fitlhelela ka Seetebosigo 2024, fa a tlhomiwa mokhanselara wa madi ke moeteledipele [[Lazarus Mokgosi]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250125170623/https://www.nwpg.gov.za/news/premier-mokgosi-on-the-appointment-of-the-7th-administration-executive-council/ "PREMIER MOKGOSI ON THE APPOINTMENT OF THE 7TH ADMINISTRATIVE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. – North West Provincial Government".] 20 June 2024. Retrieved 24 November 2025</ref> == Metswedi == dbxhxj7lgnos79319e3uq9lyrfukiv8 0 10415 54599 48606 2026-09-08T07:27:42Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba|office=[[Senate ya Nigeria|Senator]] ya [[Sokoto Borwa]]|termstart=9 Motsheganong 2015|party=[[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|Peoples Democratic Party]]|birth_date=1 Hirikgong 1953(dingwaga 72)|birth_place=[[Sabon Birni]], [[Kgaolo ya Bokone, Nigeria|Kgaolo ya Bokone]], [[Nigeria ya Bokoloniale|Nigeria ya Borithane]] (jaanong e mo [[Mmuso wa Sokoto]], Nigeria)|nationality=[[MoNigeria]]|alma_mater=[[Mmadikolo wa Sokoto]]|occupation={{hlist|mopolotiki|mmalamatlotlo}}}} '''Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba'''(yo o tshotsweng ka la bo Ferikgong a tlhola ganwe ka 1953) ke mopolotiki le mmalamatlotlo wa Nigeria, Ke Senator yo o emelang Kgaolo ya Senator ya [[:en:Sokoto_South|Sokoto Borwa]] mo [[:en:9th_Nigeria_National_Assembly|Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba ya]] [[:en:9th_Nigeria_National_Assembly|borobabongwe]] <ref>[https://www.channelstv.com/2019/11/19/sokoto-south-senate-president-swears-in-pdps-abdullahi-danbaba/ "Sokoto South: Senate President Swears In PDP's Abdullahi Danbaba"]. ''Channels Television''. Retrieved 2025-03-13</ref><ref>[https://www.nassnig.org/news/item/1226 "National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria"]. ''www.nassnig.org''. Retrieved 2025-03-13</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Danbaba o tsholetswe kwa [[:en:Sabon_Birni|Sabon Birni]], mmuso wa Sokoto , o tsene Sekolo se Segolwane sa Puso sa Gusan kwa a boneng Setankana sa gagwe sa Sekolo sa Aforika Bophirima (WAEC) ka 1979. O ne a tswelela kwa Kholetšheng ya Barutabana ya Advance, Sokoto kwa a neng a newa NCE ya gagwe ka 1976. O ne a ithutela kwa mmadikolo wa Botsamaisi kwa Heduko1. o ne a bona dipoloma ya maemo a a kwa godimo mo go tsa Diakhaonto kwa Kholetšheng ya Thutogodimo ya Loton, kwa United Kingdom ka 1989.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250115121326/https://politiciansdata.com/content/abdullahi-danbaba-ibrahim/ "Abdulahi Danbaba Ibrahim Biography and Detailed Profile"]. ''Politicians Data''. 3 September 2018. Retrieved 2025-03-13</ref> == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Danbaba e ne e le Mothusa-Mmusi wa mmuso wa Sokoto go tloga ka 1999 go fitlha ka 2003.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250115121326/https://politiciansdata.com/content/abdullahi-danbaba-ibrahim/ "Abdulahi Danbaba Ibrahim Biography and Detailed Profile"]. ''Politicians Data''. 3 September 2018. Retrieved 2025-03-13</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa go nna senator yo o emetseng kgaolo ya borwa ya Sokoto ka Mopitlo 2015.<ref>[https://thenationonlineng.net/tough-battles-for-the-senate/ "Tough battles for the Senate"]. ''Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics''. 14 February 2019. Retrieved 2025-03-13</ref> Ka Seetebosigo 2018, O ne a fapogela kwa People's Democratic Party .<ref>Yakubu, Joshua (29 July 2018). [https://www.today.ng/news/politics/senator-danbaba-left-apc-136962 "Senator Danbaba: Why I left APC"]. ''TODAY''. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref> Ka Tlhakole e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le boraro ka , 2019 Shehu Tambuwal o ne a tlhophiwa go nna msenator yo o emetseng kgaolo ya basenate ya Sokokto Borwa a tlhophile ditalama di le 134,204 fa Danbaba ene a tlhophile ditalama di le 112,546.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250215175058/https://inecnigeria.org/2019-senatorial-district-elections-result/ "2019 SENATORIAL DISTRICT ELECTIONS RESULT – INEC Nigeria"]. ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2025-03-13</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele, 2019, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo ya Karolo ya Sokoto e ne ya busetsa Senator Ibrahim Danbaba jaaka Senator kwa Kokoanong Bosetšhaba jaaka Senator Shehu Tambuwal a ne a tlosiwa mo maemong a gagwe morago ga go busediwa morago ga katlholo/go kgaolwa ga boikuelo ke Lekgotla la Boikuelo jwa Ditlhopho.<ref>[https://punchng.com/apc-loses-two-nass-seats-in-sokoto/ "APC loses two NASS seats in Sokoto"]. ''Punch Newspapers''. Retrieved 2025-03-13</ref><ref>Usman, Samson Atekojo (19 November 2019). [https://dailypost.ng/2019/11/19/abdullahi-danbaba-sworn-in-as-senator-representing-sokoto-south/ "Abdullahi Danbaba sworn in as Senator representing Sokoto South"]. ''Daily Post Nigeria''. Retrieved 2025-03-13</ref><ref>[https://tribuneonlineng.com/appeal-court-verdict-tambuwal-dedicates-pdps-victory-to-god/ "Appeal Court verdict: Tambuwal dedicates PDP's victory to God"]. ''Tribune Online''. 2 November 2019. Retrieved 2025-03-13</ref><ref>[https://www.today.ng/topic/abdullahi-danbaba "Abdullahi Danbaba news - latest breaking stories and top headlines"]. ''TODAY''. Retrieved 29025-03-13</ref> == metswedi == [[Karolo:Matsalo a 1953]] [[Karolo:Batho ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Basenate ba Kokoano Bosetšhaba ya bo borobabongwe (Nigeria)]] [[Karolo:Basenate ba Kokoano Bosetšhaba ya borobabobedi(Nigeria)]] 2lz0oqxj17q8a1cdtcvx88a4y5q0lq8 0 10961 54581 47775 2026-09-08T00:22:37Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1993|11|19}}|birth_place=[[Botswana]]|Instrument=Vocal|Genre=Afropop|Associated_acts={{hlist|Mingo Touch|Veezo View|Dr Tawanda|Eskimos|Dj Kuchi|[[DJ LaTimmy]]|[[Khuli Chana]]}}|Name=Amantle Brown|Years_active=2010–present}} '''Amantle Ntshole''' (o tshotswe ka 19 Ngwanatsele 1993), yo o itsegeng thata ka leina la gagwe la bodiragatsi, '''Amantle Brown''', ke moopedi wa Afro-pop le R&B wa [[Botswana]] le mokwadi wa dipina.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180613073953/http://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00047965.html "Botswana Singer Putting Stamp on Local Music Industry"]. ''allAfrica.com''. 2016-12-14. Retrieved 2024-10-10.</ref> Ke mongwe wa batho ba ba itsegeng thata mo mminong wa Botswana, o itsege ka mantswe a gagwe a a maatla, dipina tsa gagwe tse di tumileng, le seabe sa gagwe mo go goleng ga mmino wa segompieno mo nageng. <ref>Tlhankane, Mompati (2020-05-21). "[https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/amantle-brown-apologises-to-the-real-amantle-brown/news Amantle Brown apologises to the real Amantle Brown]". ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 2024-10-10.</ref> == Hisetori == Tiro ya mmino wa ga Amantle Brown e ne ya simolola ka tlhoafalo fa a ne a golola single ya gagwe ya ntlha, Black Mampatile, e e neng ya tuma ka bonako go ralala lefatshe la Botswana. Pina e ne ya nna mmamoratwa wa balatedi mme ya bontsha lentswe la gagwe le le tlhaolang le go belega ka maikutlo, mme seno se ne sa mo tlhotlheletsa go nna mo pontsheng.<ref>Mulema, Joshua (2023-06-16). [https://youthjournalism.org/botswana-welcomes-forbes-under-30-pan-africa-event/ "Botswana welcomes Forbes' Under 30 Pan-Africa event"]. ''Youth Journalism International''. Retrieved 2024-10-10.</ref> Alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha, Sa Pelo, e ne ya tiisa le go feta maemo a gagwe mo mminong wa Botswana. Alebamo e ne e na le motswako wa Afro-pop le R&B, ka dipina tse di neng di utlwala mo bareetsing ba le bantsi, tse di amang ditlhogo tsa lorato, go robega pelo, le go matlafatsa.<ref>Mokgwathi, Leungo (2023-07-11). [https://thevoicebw.com/female-voices-missing-on-local-music-airwaves/ "Female Voices missing on local music airwaves » TheVoiceBW"]. ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref>Ka 2022 o ne a fetola leina la gagwe la serala go nna Amaar Brown mme moragonyana a boela kwa go Amantle Brown morago ga gore balatedi ba gagwe ba bolele gore ga ba rate leina le lesha la serala.<ref>Admin (2022-03-03)[https://www.thegazette.news/lifestyle/amantle-brown-on-rebranding-to-amaar-brown/ . "Amantle Brown on rebranding to Amaar Brown".] ''Botswana Gazette''. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> == Bona gape == ** [[Sasa Klaas]] ** [[Vee Mampeezy]] ** [[:en:Music_of_Botswana|Music of Botswana]] {{Botswana-stub}} fzyxswun17gmsphvl8hpmasdd5bdk41 0 11243 54582 44670 2026-09-08T00:25:20Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54582 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amy Howe''' ke mookamedi wa go betšha wa kwa Amerika. Ga jaanong jaana ke [[:en:CEO|Mokhuduthamaga]] wa [[:en:FanDuel|FanDuel]].<ref>[https://www.sportspromedia.com/movers-and-shakers/fanduel-amy-howe-president-ticketmaster-us-sports-betting-movers-shakers "FanDuel hires Ticketmaster COO Amy Howe to new president role, plus more".] ''www.sportspromedia.com''. 5 March 2021. Retrieved 2021-06-24.</ref>Ke moefangele wa kgapetsakgapetsa wa boitlosobodutu jo bo tshelang.<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/steveolenski/2016/12/28/how-live-events-can-stay-relevant-in-our-netflix-binge-watching-world/#578e20db46cc "How Live Events Can Stay Relevant In Our Netflix, Binge-Watching World".] ''Forbes''. December 28, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/news/profiles-strategies/2017/11/ticketmasters-howe-leads-change-in-ticketing.html "Ticketmaster's Howe leads change in ticketing".] The Business Journals. November 6, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2018</ref> {{Infobox person|name=Amy Howe|birth_place=Eden, New York|alma mater=[[Cornell University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br>[[University of Pennsylvania]] ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]])|occupation=CEO of [[FanDuel]]|children=3}} == Botshelo jwa ntlha le thuto == Howe o tsholetswe kwa [[:en:Eden,_New_York|Edene, kwa New York]], e leng torotswana ya [[:en:Buffalo,_New_York|Buffalo]].<ref>[http://www.sloansportsconference.com/people/amy-howe/ "Amy Howe"]. MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference. Retrieved August 29, 2018.</ref>Koo o ne a tsena sekolo se segolwane sa Eden Junior / Senior. Ka 1994, Howe o ne a amogela Bachelor of Saense (B.S.) mo Kgwebong, Botsamaisi, Papatsong, le Ditirelo tse di Amanang le Tshegetso go tswa kwa [[:en:Cornell_University|Yunibesithing ya Cornell]].<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/people/19268115-amy-howe "Amy Howe profile".] Bloomberg. Retrieved August 29, 2018.</ref> Ka 1999 o ne a amogela Masetase ya Tsamaiso ya Kgwebo (MBA) mo go tsa Papatso/Tsamaiso ya Papatso go tswa kwa [[:en:Wharton_Business_School|Sekolong sa Kgwebo sa Wharton]] sa [[:en:University_of_Pennsylvania|Yunibesithi ya Pennsylvania]].<ref>[https://www.vbprofiles.com/people/amy-howe-5759901e30f327cbc700006b "Amy Howe"]. VB Profiles. Retrieved August 29, 2018</ref> == Mokgwa wa go itshetsa le tswelelopele == Howe o simolotse tiro ya gagwe kwa [[:en:Accenture|Accenture]] e le mosekaseki wa kgwebo ka 1994. Ka 1997 o ne a tlogela Accenture go ya go dira MBA ya gagwe. Morago ga moo o ne a tsenela [[:en:McKinsey_&_Company|McKinsey & Company]] mme a dira tsela ya gagwe go fitlha a nna molekane mo dingwageng tsa gagwe di le 14 le khamphani eno. O ne a thapiwa kwa Live Nation ke Mokhuduthamaga Michael Rapino<ref>[https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2017/09/11/Game-Changers/Amy-Howe.aspx "Amy Howe, Ticketmaster North America at Live Nation Entertainment".] Sports Business Journal. September 11, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2018</ref> mme a nna leloko la khamphani e le motlhankedi yo mogolo wa leano ka 2014. Ka 2015, Howe o ne a nna leloko la Ticketmaster ya Amerika Bokone jaaka COO.<ref>Stanton, Zack (2019-11-06). [https://www.politico.com/news/2019/11/06/work-life-balance-amy-howe-interview-065912 "Are we thinking about work-life balance the wrong way?"]. ''POLITICO''. Retrieved 2025-05-12</ref>Ka 2020 o ne a tlogela Mogwebi wa Ditekete.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250124191001/https://www.pollstar.com/article/amy-howe-transitioning-out-at-ticketmaster-147020 "Amy Howe Transitioning Out At Ticketmaster".] ''www.pollstar.com''. Retrieved 2021-04-27</ref><ref>Mims, Taylor (16 December 2020). [https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/9500931/amy-howe-ticketmaster-leaving "Ticketmaster COO Amy Howe Exiting Company"]. ''billboard''. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</ref> Ka 2021, Amy o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Mokhuduthamaga wa FanDuel.<ref>[https://www.sportspromedia.com/movers-and-shakers/fanduel-amy-howe-president-ticketmaster-us-sports-betting-movers-shakers "FanDuel hires Ticketmaster COO Amy Howe to new president role, plus more".] ''www.sportspromedia.com''. 5 March 2021. Retrieved 2021-06-24</ref> == Ditlotla == Ka 2015, o ne a bidiwa mo lenaaneng la Basadi mo Mminong la 2015 la [[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|Billboard]]: Bakhuduthamaga ba le 50 ba ba Maatla go gaisa mo Intasetering.<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/articles/events/women-in-music/6784819/women-in-music-2015-top-50-list "Women In Music 2015: The 50 Most Powerful Executives in the Industry".] Billboard. December 3, 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2018.</ref> Ka 2016, o ne a bidiwa mo lenaaneng la Basadi mo Mminong la [[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|Billboard]] la 2016: Bakhuduthamaga ba le 100 ba ba Maatla go gaisa.<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/articles/events/women-in-music/7595964/women-in-music-2016-most-powerful-executives "Women In Music 2016: The 100 Most Powerful Executives".] Billboard. December 5, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2018.</ref> Ka 2017, o ne a bidiwa mo lenaaneng la Basadi ba Mmino wa 2017 la [[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|Billboard]]: Bakhuduthamaga ba ba Maatla go gaisa mo Intasetering.<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/articles/events/women-in-music/8053923/women-in-music-2017-most-powerful-executives "Women in Music 2017: The Most Powerful Executives in the Industry"]. Billboard. November 30, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2018</ref>Howe o ne a tlhophiwa gape mo lenaaneng la Bafetodi ba Metshameko la 2017 la Jenale ya Kgwebo ya Metshameko<ref>[https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Conferences-Events/2017/GC/Previous-Honorees.aspx "2017 Honorees"]. Sports Business Daily Game Changers. Retrieved August 29, 2018.</ref> mme a kwalwa mo lenaaneng la 2018 la Lekgotla la Bosetšhaba la Dipharologano la Basadi ba ba Maatla go gaisa ba le 50 ba ba kwa Godimo mo Thekenolojing.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240812214756/https://www.nationaldiversitycouncil.org/california-diversity-council-announces-2018-top-50-most-powerful-women-in-technology/ "California Diversity Council Announces 2018 Top 50 Most Powerful Women in Technology".] National Diversity Council. June 6, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2018</ref> == Diboto == Howe ke mongwe wa batsamaisi ba Live Nation ba ba gakololang le go gakolola dikhamphani tse di tlhophilweng ke Women Nation Fund,<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8456174/live-nation-women-nation-fund "Live Nation Launches the Women Nation Fund to Boost Female-Led Biz".] Billboard. May 15, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2018.</ref> letlole la dipeeletso la mo kgatong ya ntlha le le beeletsang mo dikhamphaning tse di tlhomilweng ke basadi tse di tlamelang ka setlhagiswa kgotsa tirelo mo lefelong la boitlosobodutu jo bo tshelang. == Metswedi == 3vpcz6xyquy1wcmo00vypzczr85zhfq 0 11247 54600 43083 2026-09-08T08:10:28Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Joel Kaapanda|office=Tona wa sipuisanyo le maranyane|predecessor=Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah|president=Hifikepunye Pohamba|primeminister=Hage Geingob|successor=Tjekero Tweya|termstart=2008|termend=2015}} '''Joel Natangwe Kaapanda''' (o o tshotsweng ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa 1945) ke moemedi wa kwa mafatsheng ebile ke mopolotiki wa [[Namibia]]. Ke leloko la [[SWAPO]], Kapaanda e ne e le molaodi wa ntlha wa Namibia kwa [[India]] go tswa ka 1995 go tsena 2002 pele ga a nna leloko la palamente, le tona. == Botshelo jwa gagwe le thuto == Kapaanda o tshotswe ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa 1945 kwa ondukuta kwa [[Ovamboland]] kwa South West Africa, kwa gompieno e leng kgaolo ya [[Omusati]] ya Namibia. Ka dingwaga tsa 1970, Kapaanda o ne a simolola pereko ele morutabana wa sekolo se sebotlana kwa kgaolong ya Omusati. O tsene sekolo gape kwa [[Paulinum Theological Seminary]] kwa Otjimbingwe gareng ga dingwaga tsa 1976 le 1978, a nna mopolotiki mo [[People's Liberation Army of Namibia]] (PLAN).Ka ngwaga wa 1981 o ne a tshabel kwa [[Germany]] kwa [[Hamburg]] go nna ra metlakase.<ref>[https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/kaapanda-joel-natangwe/ "Kaapanda Joel Natangwe"]. [[:en:Parliament_of_Namibia|Parliament of Namibia]]. Retrieved 08 october 2025.</ref> Go tswa ka 1981 go tsena 1986, Kaapanda e ne e le moeteledipele wa baithuti ba SWAPO kwa Hamburg. Morago ga boipuso jwa Namibia ka 1990, Kaapanda o ne a ya go dira dithuto di le mmalwa kwa mafatsheng, ya ntlha e le B.A ka 1992, BA (Honours) ka 1993 kwa University of Adelaide kwa Australia, le diploma tsa pereko (1998) kwa Indira Gandhi University le MA ya polotiki ka 2000 kwa University of Dehli. == Tsa pereko == Ka ngwaga wa 1987 Kaapanda o ne a nna moemedi wa SWAPO kwa [[Australia]]. Go tswa ka 1994 go tsena 1995 o ne a bereka e le mookamedi wa Okahuro Fisheries pele ga a nna molaodi wa ntlha wa Namibia kwa India ka 1995. O berekile go fitlhelela ka Lwetse 2002 fa tautona [[Sam Nujoma]] a ne a mo thapa go nna tona wa tsa selegae, matlo le tlhabololo magae. Kaapanda o ne a le mo palamenteng ya Namibia e le leloko le le sa tlhopheng ka Ngwanatsele 2002.<ref name=":0">[https://www.nid.org.na/404-error Profile] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110611173233/http://www.nid.org.na/view_book_entry.php?book_id=70 Archived] 2011-06-11 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] at Namibia Institute for Democracy, 2007</ref> Ka 2005, Kaapanda o ne a nna leloko le le tlhophang la palamente morago ga go nna wa bosupa mo lenaneeng la SWAPO. O ne a fudusediwa kwa lephateng la ditiro tsa setshaba, dipalamo le ditlhaeletsanyo kwa a berekileng teng go fitlhelela ka 2008, a fudusediwa gape kwa lephateng ya ditlhaeletsanyo le maranyane kwa a nenga le tona go tsena ka Mopitlo 2015.<ref name=":0" /> Kaapanda o ne a se kwa godimo mo go lekaneng mo lenaaneng la SWAPO la ditlhopho tsa bopalamente tsa 2014 mme a tsenelela palamente ka nakwana go tsw ka Firikgong go tsena Mopitlo 2020.<ref>Matthys, Donald (6 January 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250418065112/https://economist.com.na/49884/human-resources/swapo-appoints-new-members-to-parliament/ "SWAPO appoints new members to parliament"]. ''Namibia Economist''.</ref> == Dietsele le go lemogiwa == Ka letsatsi la bagaka ka 2014, o ne a fiwa tlotla ya Most Brilliant Order of the sun, maemo a bobedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180629064451/https://www.newera.com.na/2014/08/28/namibians-honoured-by-president/ "Namibians honoured by President"]. ''New Era''. 28 August 2014. Archived from [http://www.newera.com.na/2014/08/28/namibians-honoured-by-president/ the original] on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 08 October 2025.</ref> == Metswedi == f193pvl221ywsygtwdn0lf3js1p6ofz 0 11319 54587 43700 2026-09-08T04:17:46Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Dimbukuleni Nauyoma|office=Mokwaledi mogolo wa [[mokgatlho wa baithuti ba Namibia]]|term_start=2015|term_end=2017|birth_date=1992|birth_place=[[Windhoek]], [[Namibia]]|alma_mater=[[Namibia Institute of Bankers]] [[University of Namibia]]}} '''Dimbulukeni Dee Nauyoma''' (o o tshotsweng ka 1992) ke molweladitshwanelo wa monana kwa [[Namibia|Namibia,]] o ga mmogo le [[Job Amupuanda]] le [[George Kambala]], ba tlhamileng lekgotla la banana le le itsegeng ka leina la [[Affirmative Repositioning]] ka Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2014.<ref>[[:en:George_Kambala|Kambala, George]]; Nauyoma, Dimbulukeni; [[:en:Job_Amupanda|Amupanda, Job]] (12 December 2014). [https://www.namibian.com.na/?id=131571&page=archive-read "Affirmative Repositioning – The Rationale"]. ''The Namibian''. p. 11.</ref><ref>[https://www.namibtimes.net/ http://namibtimes.net/swapo-vs-affirmative-repositioning-movement] | Swapo vs Affirmative Repositioning Movement | Namib Times</ref> Pele ga ba tlhama lekgotla le, o ne a bereka mo lekgotleng la banana la [[SWAPO]] go fitlhelela ka 2014. Go tswa ka 2015 go tsena 2018, o ne a bereka e mokwaledi mogolo wa [[mokgatlho wa baithuti ba Namibia]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160710094824/http://www.informante.web.na/nanso-%E2%80%9Cwar-not-over%E2%80%9D.17233 Archived 2016-07-10 at the Wayback Machine | NANSO - “war not over” | Informante</ref><ref>[https://www.namibian.com.na/?id=134165&page=archive-read https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=134165&page=archive-read] | Nanso falls to 'militants' - The Namibian</ref><ref name=":0">Kamwanyah, Ndumba J (26 November 2015). [https://www.namibian.com.na/?page=archive-read&id=144771 "Affirmative Repositioning: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly"]. ''The Namibian''. p. 26.</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201901220516.html | Namibia: AR to Challenge Squatters Law - allAfrica.com</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Windhoek High Court orders hospital treatment for AR activist Dimbulukeni Nauyoma". |url=https://www.nbc.na/news/windhoek-high-court-orders-hospital-treatment-ar-activist-dimbulukeni-nauyoma.20349 |access-date=2025-10-15 |archive-date=2019-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123164252/https://www.nbc.na/news/windhoek-high-court-orders-hospital-treatment-ar-activist-dimbulukeni-nauyoma.20349 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Nauyoma o tsene sekolo se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa [[University of Namibia]]. O na le dithutego tsa diploma e e tseneletseng ya dibanka, madi le dikoloto go tswa kwa Namibian Institute of Bankers (IOB), kwa a berekileng e le tautona wa baemedi ba baithuti. E ne e le mongwe wa baeteledipele ba [[lekgotla la banana la SWAPO]] ba ba neng ba seegelwa kwa thoko mo phathing go bo ba nna kwa setsheng sengwe kwa [[Windhoek]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190119120915/https://www.lelamobile.com/content/40527/Job-three-suspended-from-Swapo Article title^[]^''usurped''] | Lela Mobile Online - Job-three suspended from Swapo</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190119174259/https://www.observer.com.na/index.php/sports/item/5710-swapo-draws-heavy-fire-in-high-court-battle Archived 2019-01-19 at the Wayback Machine | Swapo draws heavy fire in High Court battle - Windhoek Observer</ref> == Seabe sa gagwe mo polotiking ya baithuti == Nauyoma o nnile leloko la [[mokgatlho wa baithuti ba Namibia]] ka 2008 a le kwa sekolong se segolwane. O ne a ya go nna modulasetilo wa NANSO wa kgaolo ya Khoma. Ka 2015, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokwaledi mogolo kwa bokopanong jwa mokgatlho oo. Morago ga [[letsholo la FeesMustFall]] le le simolotsweng ke [[Mcebo Dlamini]] le [[Chumani Maxwele]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], Nauyoma o ne a etelela pele baithuti kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa [[University of Namibia]] le [[the Namibia University of Science and Technology]] mo go gwetlheng go fokolediwa ditlhwatlhwa ka 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190119174254/https://thepatriot.com.na/index.php/2017/01/20/nanso-eyes-crunch-talks-with-university-bosses/ Archived 2019-01-19 at the Wayback Machine Nanso eyes crunch talks with University bosses | ThePatriot</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241111114355/https://economist.com.na/7444/education/late-financial-assistance-hampers-students-progress/ https://economist.com.na/7444/education/late-financial-assistance-hampers-students-progress]/ Late financial assistance hampers students progress | Namibia Economist</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190119174246/https://kundana.com.na/amp/kapere-ready-work-nanso-leadership "Kapere ready to work with new Nanso leadership - New Era Live"]. ''kundana.com.na''. Archived from the original on 2019-01-19.</ref> Ka 2016, o ne a kopa [[NSFAF]] go thusa go letla baithuti ba ba dikobo dikhutshwane go kgona go tsena sekolo ka go ba fa diteseletso tsa ikwadiso morago ga gore dikolo tse pedi tsa University of Namibia le Namibia University of Science and Technology di supe fa di tlhoka teseletso go tswa kwa lephateng la thuto pele ga ba ka letla go tsena mo sekolong.<ref>[https://www.namibian.com.na/?page=archive-read&id=134086 https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=134086] | We will not repay NSFAF loans, declare students - The Namibian</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121242/https://www.lelamobile.com/content/59567/NUST-students-lock-down-institution/ Article title]^{[''usurped'']} Lela Mobile Online - NUST students lock down institution</ref> == Affirmative Repositioning == Ka Ngwanatsele 2014, baeteledipele ba banana ba bararo ba AR ebong Amupanda, Kambala le Nauyoma ba ne ba tsaya setsha kwa lefelong la maemo a a kwa godimo kwa [[Klein Windhoek]] e le tsela ya go gwetlha ditsha mo mmasepaleng wa toropo ya Windhoek.<ref>[https://iol.co.za/news/africa/2015-01-19-namibian-youth-plans-more-land-grabs/ https://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/namibian-youth-plans-more-land-grabs-1806559] | Namibian youth plans more land grabs | IOL News</ref> Ba ne ba bitsa setsha sa Erf 2014 go tsamaelana le ngwaga wa tiragalo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160305004117/https://www.newera.com.na/2015/03/26/affirmative-repositioning-grab-unoccupied-land/ Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine | Affirmative Repositioning could grab unoccupied land | New Era Newspaper Namibia</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ka 2016, puso ya Namibia e ne ya itsise ka maano a yone a go aga palamente e ntsha. Morago Affirmative Repositioning e ne ya simolola go gwetlha banana go gwanta ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le borataro kgatlhanong le tshwetso ya go aga palamente, ba re didirisiwa di ka dirisiwa mo dilong tsa botlhokwa tse lefatshe le nang le dikgwetlho mo go tsone.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20171115004202/https://www.newera.com.na/2016/04/13/ar-govt-shelve-parliament-funds-service-plots/ Archived 2017-11-15 at the Wayback Machine | AR wants govt to shelve new parliament … use funds to service new plots | New Era Newspaper Namibia</ref><ref>https://www.newera.com.na/2016/05/11/youths-protest-n2-billion-parliament^{[''permanent dead link'']} | Youths to protest N$2 billion new parliament | New Era Newspaper Namibia</ref> == Diphathi tsa polotiki == Nauyoma o nnile leloko la SWAPO, AR le Namibian Economic Fighters.<ref>Petersen, Shelleygan (2024-11-24). [https://www.namibian.com.na/former-ar-leader-dimbulukeni-nauyoma-rejoins-swapo/ "Former AR leader Dimbulukeni Nauyoma rejoins Swapo"]. ''The Namibian''. Retrieved 2025-10-15 </ref> E ne e le tlhogo ya letsholo la ntlhopheng o o ikemetseng Ally Angula, o a neng a retelelwa go ikwadisa go tsaya karolo mo ditlhophong tsa botautona tsa 2024. Ka Ngwanatsele 2024, Nauyoma o ne a nna leloko la SWAPO gape kwa mogwantong wa bofelo kwa Windhoek, malatsi a le mmalwa fela pele ga ditlhopho tsa Namibia tsa 2024.<ref>Petersen, Shelleygan (2024-11-24). [https://www.namibian.com.na/former-ar-leader-dimbulukeni-nauyoma-rejoins-swapo/ "Former AR leader Dimbulukeni Nauyoma rejoins Swapo".] ''The Namibian''. Retrieved 2025-10-15</ref> == Metswedi == hkr0nmg09xvsun3xwavhgjn74lyg0df 0 11349 54588 54444 2026-09-08T05:33:07Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Erold Naomab|office=Mothusa mogokgo wa [[Namibia University of Science and Technology]]|predecessor=[[Tjama Tjivikua]]|term_start=Firikgong a rogwa ngwaga wa 2021|birth_date=1977 Moranang a le malatsi a mabedi|birth_place=[[Omaruru]], kwa [[Erongo]], [[Namibia]]|residence=Windhoek|alma_mater=[[University of Namibia]] [[Nottingham Trent University]]}} '''Erold Naomab''' (o o tshotsweng ka Moranang a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 1977) ke morutegi wa kwa [[Namibia]]. E ne e le mothusa mogokgo wa sekolo sa [[Namibia University of Science and Technology]] (NUST) go tswa ka 2021 go tsena 2025. == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Naomab o tshotswe ka Moranang a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 1977. O goletse kwa [[Omaruru]] kwa kgaolong ya [[Erongo]] ya Namibia. O tsene dikolo kwa Omaruru, [[Okombahe]] le [[Otjiwarongo]]. Morago ga go bereka ka nakwana kwa komponeng ya bogakolodi, Naomab o ne a simolla dithuto tse dikgolwane tsa ithutelo ditiro kwa [[University of Namibia]], a aloga ka Bachelor le Master of Science. O ne a ya go tsena sekolo kwa [[Nottingham Trent University]] kwa [[England]] a aloga ka masters mo go tsa tlhokomelo ditlamelo ga mmogo le PhD ya maranyane.<ref>Siririka, Paheja (26 February 2021). [https://neweralive.na/on-the-spot-nust-is-a-reputable-brand-naomab/ "On the spot - NUST is a reputable brand – Naomab"]. ''New Era''.</ref> == Tsa pereko == Naomab o berekile kwa University of Namibia kwa borwa kwa [[Keetmanshoop]] kwa a neng a tlhatloga maemo go nna mothusa mogokgo, e le maemo a a kwa godimo mo sekolong seo.<ref>Tjitemisa, Kuzeeko (16 November 2020). [https://neweralive.na/on-the-spot-nust-is-a-reputable-brand-naomab/ "Confusion reigns over Nust VC appointment"]. ''New Era''.</ref> Ka Firikgong 2021 o ne a thapiwa go nna mothusa mogokdo wa Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), a tlhatlhama mogokgo wa pele [[Tjama Tjivikua]], le [[Andrew Niikondo]] o a neng a tshwareletse maemo ao.<ref>Movirongo, Clifton (2 February 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231212113943/https://economist.com.na/58905/human-resources/dr-naomab-officially-installed-as-nust-second-vice-chancellor/ "Dr Naomab officially installed as NUST second Vice-Chancellor".] [[Namibia Economist|''Namibia Economist''.]]</ref><ref>Cloete, Luqman (2 February 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20211008105446/https://www.namibian.com.na/208325/archive-read/Naomab-installed-as-Nust-boss "Naomab installed as Nust boss"]. ''The Namibian''. Archived from [https://www.namibian.com.na/208325/archive-read/Naomab-installed-as-Nust-boss the original] on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2025</ref> Ka Phalane 2025, Naomab o ne a seegelwa kwa thoko mo maemong a gagwe kwa NUS, ka magatwe a go tlhoka go okamela sentle, dikgwedi di le pedi pele ga konteraka ya gagwe e fela.<ref>Shihepo, Timo (2025-10-08). [https://www.namibian.com.na/nust-suspends-vice-chancellor/ "Nust suspends vice chancellor".] ''The Namibian''. Retrieved 2025-10-17</ref> Ka Lwetse 2024, Naomab o ne a thapilwe go nna modulasetilo wa lekgotla la dikolo tsa ithutelo ditiro mo Aforika tsa borwa jwa Aforika (AAU SARO).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240909184933/https://economist.com.na/91037/education/nust-vice-chancellor-joins-association-of-african-universities-of-southern-africa/ "NUST Vice Chancellor joins Association of African Universities of Southern Africa".] ''Namibia Economist''. 9 September 2024.</ref> == Metswedi == 73qynt11ewl0j9470130oic59b21smy 0 11393 54601 44444 2026-09-08T08:38:17Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Keagile Kgosipula|birth_date={{birth date and age|1996|1|2|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Kumakwane]], [[Botswana]]|height=182 cm|currentclub=[[Township Rollers F.C.]]|position=[[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]]|clubs1=[[Township Rollers F.C.]]|years1=2016|nationalteam1=[[Botswana national football team|Botswana]]|nationalyears1=2018-|nationalcaps1=2|nationalgoals1=0|nationalteam-update=6 March 2021}}'''Keagile Kgosipula''' (o tshotswe ka di 2 Ferikgong 1996) ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa [[:en:Botswana|Motswana]] yo o tshamekelang [[Township Rollers F.C.|Township Rollers F.C]]. le [[:en:Botswana_national_football_team|setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa bosetšhaba sa Botswana]].<ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/players/keagile-kgosipula/396380/ "Botswana – K. Kgosipula – Profile with news, career statistics and history – Soccerway"]''int.soccerway.com''. Retrieved 21 January 2019</ref> == Mokgwa wa go itshetsa le tswelelopele == === Boditšhaba === Kgosipula o ne a tshameka lekgetlo la ntlha la boditšhabatšhaba ka la bo 24 Mopitlwe 2018, a tsena mo motshamekong wa boemedi jwa ga [[:en:Kabelo_Dambe|Kabelo Dambe]] mo motsotsong wa bo 63 mo phenyong ya botsalano ya 1-0 kgatlhanong le [[:en:Lesotho_national_football_team|Lesotho]].<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/19526/Botswana_Lesotho.html "Botswana vs. Lesotho (1:0)".] ''www.national-football-teams.com''. Retrieved 6 March 2021</ref> == Dipalopalo tsa tiro == === Boditšhaba === Go tloga ka metshameko e e tshamekilweng ka Phukwi 26 2019.<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/70825.html Keagile Kgosipula] at National-Football-Teams.com</ref> {| class="wikitable" !National team !Year !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="2" |[[Botswana]] |2018 |1 |0 |- |2019 |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !2 !0 |} == Ditlotla == === Mokgatho === ; Township Rollers * '''[[:en:Botswana_Premier_League|Botswana Premier League]]:3''' :: [[:en:2016-17_Botswana_Premier_League|2016-17]], [[:en:2017-18_Botswana_Premier_League|2017-18]], [[:en:2018-19_Botswana_Premier_League|2018-19]] * '''[[:en:Mascom_Top_8_Cup|Mascom Top 8 Cup]]:1''' :: [[:en:2017-18_Mascom_Top_8_Cup|2017-18]] == Tse di kwa ntle == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230206072730/http://www.rollersfc.com/keagile-kgosipula/ Keagile Kgosipula] kwa Township Rollers FC == Metswedi == ctslvrq2cefxu8vjxynx3temhi3ikdw 0 12554 54583 47047 2026-09-08T00:47:42Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Baleka Mbete|image=Baleka Mbete.jpg|caption=Mbete ka 2016|office=Mothusa tautona wa botlhano wa lefatshe la [[Aforika Borwa]]|office1=Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente wa bobedi le wa botlhano|term_start=Lwetse a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa 2008|term_end=Motsheganong a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa 2009|term_start1=Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2014|term_end1=Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2019|president=[[Kgalema Motlanthe]]|president1=[[Jacob Zuma]]|predecessor=[[Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka]]|predecessor1=[[Max Sisulu]]|successor=[[Kgalema Motlanthe]]|successor1=[[Thandi Modise]]|birth_date=Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 1949|birth_place=[[Clermont]] [[Durban]] [[Natale]] [[Union of South Africa]]|party=[[African National Congress]]|spouse=Nape Khomo (ba nyalane ka 2016) [[Keorapetse Kgositsile]] (ba nyalane ka 1978; ba tlhalana ka 1992)|education=[[Inanda Seminary School]] [[Lovedale Teachers College]]}} '''Baleka Mbete''' (o o tshotsweng ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 1949) ke mopolotiki wa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] o e neng e le mothusa tautona wa Aforika Borwa go tswa ka Lwetse 2008 go tsena Motsheganong 2009. O kile gape a nna motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ya Aforika Borwa ditlha di le pedi di tlhomagane go tswa ka 2004 go tsena 2008 le go tswa ka 2014 go tsena 2019. O berekile gape e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ka 1996 le 2004.<ref>[https://www.parliament.gov.za/former-presiding-officers "Former Presiding Officers".] Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Ke leloko la [[African National Congress]] (ANC), o tlhophilwe e le lantlha ka 1994 a ithola marapo ka 2019. A tsholetswe kwa [[KwaZulu-Natal]], Mbete ke morutabana ka thuto le molweladitshwanelo wa pele kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele, ka letsholo la [[Black Consciousness Movement]]. Ka dingwaga tsa 1976 go tsena 1990, o ne a na le ANC fa e tshabile kwa ntle ga Aforika Borwa; ka nako eo e ne e le molweladitshwanelo wa ngwao ka poko, gape e le moeteledipele wa [[Medu Art Ensemble]]. Fa a boela Aforika Borwa, o ne a emela ANC kwa dipuisanong tsa go fedisa puso ya tlhaolele, o nnile le seabe se segolo mo go ntshafadiweng ga lekgotla la bomme ba ANC, a bereka e le mokwaledi-mogolo go tswa ka 1991 go tsena 1993. Mbete o ne a tlhophilwe mo palamenteng ya ntlha morago ga puso ya tlhaolele ka ditlhopho tsa 1994, a nna mo mannong ao go fitlhelela ka 2019, fa go sa balelelwe go ikhutsa ga 2009 go tsena 2014. Go tlhatloga ga gagwe mo go simologile ka 1996, fa a ne a tlhophilwe mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente, a tswelela ka palamente ya puso ya batho ka batho ya boraro, fa a ne a tlhatlhama [[Frene Ginwala]] e le motsamaisa dipuisano wa bobedi. Ka ngwaga wa bofelo wa palamente ya boraro, o ne a tlhatloga maemo go nna mothusa tautona ka tswakanyo e e neng e bakilwe ke go ithola marapo ga ga tautona Thabo Mbeki ka Lwetse 2008; o nnike mo maemong ao ka nakwana ya motlhatlhami wa ga [[Thabo Mbeki]], tautona [[Kgalema Motlanthe]]. Le ntswa a ne a gana go boela palamenteng morago ga ditlhopho tsa 2009,Mbete o ne a boa ka Motsheganong 2014, a boela ofising ya gagwe ya pele e le motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente. O ne a tswa mo maemong ao gape morago ga ditlhopho tsa 2019, le ntswa a ne a tswelela a le matlhagatlhaga mo lekgotleng la ANC la bomme. E le leloko la ANC fa e sale ka 1976, Mbete o berekile e le modulasetilo wa phathi go tswa ka Morule 2007 go tsena Morule 2017 ka nako ya botautona jwa ga [[Jacob Zuma]]. E ne e le leloko la komiti ya ANC go tswa ka 1994 go tsena 2022. == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Mbete o tshotswe ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 1949 mo lolwapeng loora [[Hlubi]] <ref name=":0">[https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/baleka-mbetes-love-story-20220731 "Baleka Mbete's love story".] ''City Press''. 31 July 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref>kwa [[Clermont,]] motsana o o kwa [[Durban]] kwa e neng e le kgaolo ya [[Natale|Natal]] pele.<ref name=":1">Hogg, Briana T. (31 January 2017)[https://sahistory.org.za/article/biography-baleka-mbete-kgositsile-brianna-t-hogg . "The Role and Impact of Baleka Mbete-Kgositsile and Women in South Africa Politics".] ''South African History Online''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> O godile a nna le nkukuagwe kwa [[Transvaal]] bokone, kwa a tseneng sekolo se se potlana teng.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1958,<ref name=":2">Mathunjwa, Zimkhitha (8 August 2017). [https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/baleka-mbete-the-woman-behind-the-speaker_uk_5c7e89d4e4b048b41e390c35 "Baleka Mbete: The Woman Behind The Speaker".] ''HuffPost UK''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref>lolwapa lwa gagwe lo ne lwa fudugela kwa kgaolong ya Kapa gore rraagwe a kgone go bereka e le motlhokomedi wa motlobo wa dibuka kwa [[Fort Hare University]]. Morago o ne a latlhegelwa ke tiro ka gore o ne a amana le phathi ya [[South African Communist.]]<ref name=":1" /> Mmaagwe e ne e le mooki, e ne e le ngwana wa bobedi ebile e le ene wa mosetsana wa ntlha mo lolwapeng lwa bone.<ref name=":3">[https://mg.co.za/article/1997-08-08-i-did-nothing-to-resign-about/ "'I did nothing to resign about'".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 8 August 1997. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Morago ga go aloga ka matric go tswa kwa [[Inanda Seminary]] ka 1968,<ref name=":4">[https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/former-government-leaders/baleka-mbete-ms "Baleka Mbete, Ms".] ''South African Government''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Mbete o ne a ikwadisa kwa [[Eshowe]] Training College kwa Eshowe - morago ga a sena go kobiwa kwa Eshowe kwa sekolong sa ithutelo borutabana kwa Lovedale kwa [[Alice]].<ref name=":1" /> O ne a lekana go ruta bana ka 1973 a boela Durban go ruta kwa sekolong se segolwane kwa [[KwaMashu]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> == Go lwela ditshwanelo kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele == Fa a ruta kwa [[Natale|Natal]], Mbete o ne a ikamanya le letsholo la [[Black Consciousness Movement]], le ka nako eo le neng le le mo taolong mo kgaratlhong ya puso ya tlhaolele. Ka dingwaga tsa 1976 di simologa, Mbete le kgaitsadie ba ne ba tshwarelwa go lwela ditshwanelo tsa sepolotiki.<ref name=":1" /> Fa a gololwa, o ne a tshaba, a tlogela Aforika Borwa go ya [[Swaziland]] ka Moranang a le lesome ngwaga wa 1976.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> === Go tshaba: 1976 go tsena 1990 === Fa a tshabile, Mbele o ne a nna leloko la [[African National Congress]] (ANC), e e neng e le kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele. O rutile gape kwa sekolong se segolwane kwa [[Mbabane]],[[Swaziland]] go fitlhelela ka 1977, fa a fudugela kwa [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]].<ref name=":4" /> Kwa Dar es Salaam, o ne a dira tiro ya gagwe ya ANC ka botswapelo, a nna leloko la lephata la phathi la phatlhalatso mafoko - o ne a bereka mo [[Radio Freedom]] le lekalana la yone la bomme, lephata le le neng la fetolwa go nna lekgotla la ANC la bomme. Mbete e ne e le mokwaledi wa kgaolo wa lekgotla la bomme kwa Tanzania go tswa ka 1978 go tsena 1981.<ref name=":4" /> Go tswa ka 1981 go tsena 1983, e ne e le o o dirang botsalano jwa ANC le makgotla a mangwe kwa [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]],<ref name=":4" /> kwa monna wa gagwe a neng a berekela teng.<ref name=":1" /> Morago o ne a bereka kwa [[Gaborone]],[[Botswana]] (go tswa ka 1983 go tsena 1987); [[Harare]],[[Zimbabwe]] (1986 go tsena 1987); le [[Lusaka]],[[Zambia]] (1987 go tsena 1990).<ref name=":4" /> Fa godimo ga tiro ya gagwe mo lekgotleng la bomme, o ne a na le seabe mo go lweleng ditshwanelo tsa ngwao le thuto, di akaretsa fa a le moeteledipele wa [[Medu Art Ensemble]];<ref name=":1" /> e ne e le mmoki o o gatisitseng, a kwala a dirisa leina la gagwe la lonyalo, Baleka Kgositsile.<ref>Gilfillan, Lynda (1992). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/463783 Black Women Poets in Exile: The Weapon of Words".] ''Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature''. '''11''' (1): 79–93. doi:[https://www.jstor.org/stable/463783?origin=crossref 10.2307/463783.] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0732-7730 0732-7730.]</ref> === Phetogo: 1990 go tsena 1994 === Mbete o boetse Aforika Borwa morago ga go tshaba ka Seetebosigo 1990.<ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/people/baleka-mbete-kgositsile "Baleka Mbete-Kgositsile",] South African History online.</ref> Mo dingwageng tse di latelang, e ne e le leloko la setlhopha sa ANC se se neng se le kwa dipuisanong tsa go fedisa puso ya tlhaolele.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251212075326/https://ourconstitution.wethepeoplesa.org/baleka-mbete/ "Baleka Mbete".] ''Our Constitution''. 24 September 1949. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Fa godimo ga foo, lekgotla la bomme la ANC le ne la ntshafadiwa ka Phatwe 1990, Mbete a bereka mo setlhopheng sa nakwana se se neng se okametse go ntshafadiwa ga lone.<ref name=":4" /> Kwa bokopanong jwa ntlha jwa tlhopho jwa lekgotla leo ka Moranang 1991, bo tshwaretswe kwa [[Kimberley]],<ref>Battersby, John (30 April 1991). [https://www.csmonitor.com/1991/0430/30032.html "Winnie Mandela's Defeat In ANC Vote Is Hailed".] ''Christian Science Monitor''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0882-7729 0882-7729.] Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Mbete o ne a tlhophilwe go nna mokwaledi-mogolo wa lekgotla, a bereka ka fa tlase ga ga tautona [[Gertrude Shope]].<ref>[https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2017-10-22-baleka-mbete-a-jz-ally-who-wants-a-state-capture-probe/ "Baleka Mbete: a JZ ally who wants a state capture probe".] ''IOL''. 22 October 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> O berekile setlha se le sengwe fela mo maemong ao: kwa bokopanong jwa tlhopho jwa bobedi ka Morule 1993, [[Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula]] o ne a tlhophiwa go mo tlhatlhama.<ref>''[https://sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/Celebrating%20Women%20in%20SA%20history.pdf 'For Freedom and Equality': Celebrating Women in South African History]'' (PDF). South African History Online. 2011. p. 26.</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe mo pusong == Kwa dilthophong tsa Aforika Borwa tsa ntlha morago ga puso ya tlhaolele ka Moranang 1994,Mbete o ne a tlhophiwa go emela ANC kwa palamenteng - e le tshimologo ya sebaka sa masome a mabedi le botlhano a le mo palamenteng. <ref name=":4" />Fa godimo ga foo, kwa bokopanong jwa ANC jwa masome a mane le borobabongwe ka Morule 1994, o ne a tlhophiwa mo komiting e le lantlha; go ya ka dipalo tse di amogetsweng, o ne a le mo maemong a lesome le bosupa mo malokong a le masome a marataro a a neng a tlhophilwe mo komiting.<ref>[https://www.anc1912.org.za/49th-national-conference-national-executive-committee-as-elected-at-conference/ "49th National Conference: National Executive Committee as elected at Conference".] ''ANC''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Ka 1995,Mbete o ne a thapiwa e le modulasetilo wa mapalamente a ANC le e le leloko la setlhopha sa botautona sa komiti ya boammaruri le tirisanommogo.<ref name=":4" /> === Mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano:1996 go tsena 2004 === Ka Motsheganong 1996,<ref name=":5">Percival, Jenny (19 September 2008). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/19/southafrica1 "Baleka Mbete profile".] ''The Guardian''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0261-3077 0261-3077]. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> o ne a tlhatlosiwa maemo go thusa [[Frene Ginwala]] e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano; o ne a tlhatlhama [[Bhadra Ranchod]], o a neng a thapilwe e le moemedi kwa mafatsheng a sele. Ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 1999, morago fa ditlhopho, o ne a tlhophiwa gape mo setlheng se se tletseng e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano; o ne a fentse ntlhopheng wa kganetso [[Dene Smuts]] wa [[Democratic Party,]] mo tlhophong e a neng a iponetse ditlhopho di le makgolo a mararo, masome a mabedi le boratari kgatlhanong le tsa ga Smuts tse di neng di le masome a mane le bosupa.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/1999-06-14-ginwala-returns-as-speaker/ "Ginwala returns as Speaker".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 14 June 1999. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Ka nako eo ka Moranang 1997, go ne ga lemosega fa Mbete a ne a neetswe teseletso ya go kgweetsa e e e sa ka fa molaong kwa go tlhatlhobiwang teng kwa [[Mpumalanga]]. Mbete o ne a inolwa are o na le ditiro tse dintsi go ka ema mo moleng go dira tlhatlhobo ya go kgweetsa, le ntswa morago a ne a latola fa a buile se.<ref name=":3" /> Tiragalo e e ne ya baka tlhotlhomiso e e tseneletseng ya tshenyetso setshaba mo lephateng la mesepele kwa [[Mpumalanga]] le go kobiwa ga tona wa kgaolo,<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/1997-05-23-fire-mec-says-licence-scam-report/ "'Fire MEC', says licence scam report". ''T'']''he Mail & Guardian''. 23 May 1997. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> le ntswa Mbete ene a ne a seka a lebisiwa molato ebile a gatelela gore o mo dipharagobeng tse ene a neng a sa di itse.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/1997-05-26-sacked-mec-will-fight-licence-probe/ "Sacked MEC will fight licence probe".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 26 May 1997. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070826202725/http://www.globalintegrity.org/reports/2006/South%20Africa/timeline.cfm "Global Integrity – South Africa Timeline"]. Global Integrity. Archived from the original on 26 August 2007.</ref><ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/1997-12-23-up-to-their-necks-in-sleaze/ "Up to their necks in sleaze..."] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 23 December 1997. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> === Setlha sa ntlha e le motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente:2004 go tsena 2008 === Morago ga ditlhopho tsa 2004, ANC e ne ya itsise fa e tlaa tlhopha Mbete go tlhatlhama Frene Ginwala e le motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente. <ref>Pressly, Donwald (22 April 2004). [https://www.news24.com/madam-speaker-silenced-20040422 "Madam Speaker silenced".] ''News24''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref>O ne a tlhophiwa a sa ganediwe ke ope ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa 2004, [[Gwen Mahlangu-Nkabinde|Gwen Mahlangu]] e le mothusi wa gagwe.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2004-04-23-mbete-mahlangu-elected-to-top-posts/ "Mbete, Mahlangu elected to top posts".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 23 April 2004. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Setlha sa ga Mbete e le motsamaisa dipuisano se ne sa diragala ka nako ya bothata jwa Travelgate, bo go neng go dirisiwa botlhaswa dipampitshana tsa madi a mesepele ke mapolotiki.  Pampiri ya ''Mail & Guardian'' e ne ya re o ne a le ko pele mo tshenyong ya ANC eo.<ref name=":6">[https://mg.co.za/article/2008-10-03-why-mbete/ "Why Mbete?".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 2 October 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> O ne a supa fa a eme [[Tony Yengeni]] nokeng, mopolotiki o a neng a lebisitswe molato wa go tsietsa palamente ka 2003;<ref name=":6" /> o ne a pata Yengeni go ya kgolegelong ya Pollsmoor ka 2006 fa a iponagatsa go tla go tlhatlhelwa.<ref>Jurgens, André; Ndivhuho Mafela and Philani Nombembe (27 August 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20081123220038/http://www.thetimes.co.za/SpecialReports/Yengeni/Article.aspx?id=298749 "Jailed Yengeni shows no remorse".] ''The Times''. Archived from the original on 23 November 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, Mbete o ne a re o itlamile go nonotsha palamente le dikomiti tsa yone, are o tsene mo lekgotleng le le reketlang.<ref name=":7">[https://mg.co.za/article/2006-07-28-mps-seek-new-powers/ "MPs seek new powers".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 28 July 2006. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Maiteko a gagwe a ne a baka kgotlhang le [[Zingile Dingani,]] mokwaledi wa palamente, o a neng a kopile go oketsa lephata la gagwe.<ref name=":7" /><ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2006-10-13-goniwe-hides-in-parliament/ "Goniwe hides in Parliament".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 13 October 2006. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> a Firikgong 2006, Mbete o ne a pagama sefofane sa madi a dikete di le makgolo a mane, masome a supa le motso go tsenela go tlhomamisiwa ga ga [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]] e le tautona wa [[Liberia]]. Mopagami o a neng a le mo sefofaneng seo e ne e le mmereki wa gagwe fela.<ref>Dawes, Nic (24 March 2006). [https://mg.co.za/article/2006-03-24-now-the-speaker-joins-jet-set/ "Now the speaker joins the jet set".] ''Mail & Guardian''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> [[Ferial Haffajee]] o ne a kgala tiriso eo ya madi a re ke go tshamekisa madi.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2006-04-11-flights-of-fancy/ "Flights of fancy".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 10 April 2006. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> === Go tlhophiwa mo bodulasetilong jwa ANC === Mbete o ne a tlhophiwa go emela maemo a boeteledipele a ANC ka bokopano jwa masome a matlhano le bobedi bo bo neng bo tshwaretswe kwa [[Polokwane]] ka Morule 2007. Pele o ne a tlhophetswe maemo a mothusa mokwaledi-mogolo, mme o ne a ikgogela morago mo letsholong leo fa a tlhophiwa a sa solofela go emela bodulasetilo jwa phathi ke motlhophi go tswa mo bokopanong;<ref name=":8">Booysen, Susan (2011), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.18772/12011115423.5 "Aluta continua, from Polokwane to Mangaung",] ''The African National Congress and the Regeneration of Political Power'', Wits University Press, pp. 33–84, ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-86814-542-3|<bdi>978-1-86814-542-3</bdi>,]] JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.18772/12011115423.5 10.18772/12011115423.5,] retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> [[Tokyo Sexwale]] o ne a tlhophilwe go emela bodulasetilo, mme o ne a itsise fa a tlaa ikgogela morago gore Mbete a nne mo maemong a a siameng, a rotloetsa go nonotsha bomme.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/anc-delegates-start-voting-20071218 "ANC delegates start voting".] ''News24''. 18 December 2007. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Letsatsi le le latelang, ka Morule a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa 2007,Mbete o ne a fenya ditlhopho, a bona setlha sa dingwaga di le tlhano e le modulasetilo wa phathi. A tsamaisana le ntlhopheng wa botautona [[Jacob Zuma]],<ref name=":8" /> o ne a fenya [[Joel Ntshitenzhe]] - o a neng a tsamaisana le tautona o o tswang [[Thabo Mbeki]], a amogela 61% wa tlhopho.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080629130037/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/pr/2007/pr1219.html "Results for the election of ANC officials".] ''African National Congress''. Archived from the original on 29 June 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> === Mothusa tautona: 2008 go tsena 2009 === Ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa 2008, ANC e ne ya itsise fa e kopile Mbeki go ithola marapo mo botautoneng jwa Aforika Borwa. O ne a isa kopo ya go ithola marapo kwa ofising ya ga Mbete letsatsi le le latelang.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2008-09-21-mbeki-resigns-before-the-nation/ "Mbeki resigns before the nation".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 21 September 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Go ne go belaelwa fa Mbete a tlaa tlhatlhama Mbeki go nna tautona, mo go neng go tlaa mo dira tautona wa ntlha wa mme mo ditsong tsa Aforika Borwa; le fa go ntse jalo, ANC e ne ya itsise fa [[Kgalema Motlanthe]], mothusa tautona wa ANC, a tlaa tsaya maemo ao. Ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le boraro , Mbete o ne itsisiwe ke [[SABC]] fa go na le kgonagalo ya gore a nne ntlhopheng wa mothusa tautona wa Aforika Borwa morago ga go ithola marapo ga ga [[Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka]] mo maemong ao.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081005175126/http://www.sabcnews.com/politics/government/0,2172,177271,00.html "SABCnews.com - politics/government".] ''www.sabcnews.com''. Archived from the original on 5 October 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa 2008, o ne a tlhophiwa ke Motlanthe go nna mothusa tautona.<ref>Allen, John (25 September 2008)[https://allafrica.com/stories/200809250958.html . "South Africa: New President Removes Health Minister"]. ''allAfrica.com''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> === Go ikhutsa mo palamenteng: 2009 go tsena 2014 === Mo ditlhophong tse di latelang ka Moranang 2009, Mbete o ne a tlhophiwa gape mo setilong sa bopalamente, mme o ne a gana go tlhomamisiwa e le mopalamente ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a maratsro, le ntswa a ne a le teng ko tlhomamisong eo.<ref name=":9">Grootes, Stephen (7 December 2009). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2009-12-07-The-rise-and-denied-fall-of-Baleka-Mbete/ "The rise (and denied fall?) of Baleka Mbete".] ''Daily Maverick''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Tautona o mosha Jacob Zuma o ne a itsise fa Kgalema Motlanthe a tlaa mo tlhatlhama e le mothusa tautona, ANC e ne ya re o tlaa fudugela kwa [[Luthuli House]] go dira tiro ya phathi mo boemong jwa go boela palamenteng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230703161600/https://ewn.co.za/2009/05/08/Deputy-President-Baleka-Mbete-out-of-government "Deputy President Baleka Mbete out of government".] ''EWN''. 8 May 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Mbete o ne a ganela gore tlhakatlhano ya go tlhomamisiwa ga gagwe e tlhagile ka ntlha ya gore o ne a solofetse gore o tlaa thapiwa gape e le mothusa tautona, are e sale e nna thulaganyo ya nakwana.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2009-05-12-mbete-denies-she-was-chasing-deputy-president-post/ "Mbete denies she was chasing deputy president post".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Ka Morule 2009, pampiri ya dikgang ya ''Daily Maverick'' e ne ya ela tlhoko gore Mbete o dule mo seraleng sa setshaba sa polotiki ka mabaka a a sa itsagaleng.<ref name=":9" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a fetsa setlha sa gagwe e le modulasetilo wa ANC, o ne a tlhophiwa mo setlheng sa bobedi mo ofising eo ka Lwetse a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa 2012, kwa bokopanong jwa ANC jwa masome a matlhano le boraro; o ne a fenya [[Thandi Modise]] ka 76% ya tlhopho.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2012-12-18-mangaung-the-ancs-newly-elected-top-six/ "Mangaung: The ANC's newly elected top six".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 18 December 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> === Setlha sa bobedi e le motsamaisa dipuisano: 2014 go tsena 2019 === Mbete o ne a boela mo mannong a ANC kwa palamenteng ka ditlhopho tsa 2014, phathi e ne ya mo tlhopha go boela kwa ofising ya gagwe ya pele ya motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente. Ka bokopano jwa ntlha jwa palamente ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2014, o ne a fenya ntlhopheng wa kganetso motlhofo, a amogela ditlhopho di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a marataro fa a tshwantshanngwa le di le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi tsa ga [[Nosimo Balindlela]] wa Democratic Alliance.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2014-05-21-baleka-mbete-sworn-in-as-speaker-of-the-house/ "Baleka Mbete sworn in as speaker of the House".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 21 May 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> ==== Dipelaelo tsa go gobelela ==== Ka Lwetse a le lesome ngwaga wa 2014, diphathi tsa kganetso di le ditlhano, di akaretsa Democratic Alliance le [[Economic Freedom Fighters]], di ne tsa supa fa di ikaelela go supa fa di sena tshepho mo go Mbete, ba re o ka se bereke e le modulasetilo wa ANC le motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente. Ngangisano e e neng e tshwerwe kwa palamenteng ka Lwetse a le lesome le borataro e ne ya baka gore kopo eo e ganwe ka ditlhopho di le makgolo mabedi, masome a mararo le bone go lefela. Se e ne e le ka ntlha ya gore ba diphathi tsa kganetso ba ne ba tswa mo palamenteng fa ANC e leka go fetola tlhopho go e dira ya go nna le tshepho mo go Mbete.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Mbete-motion-defeated-after-oppistion-walkout-20140916 "Mbete motion defeated after opposition walkout".] news24. 16 September 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180724183641/http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2014/09/10/opposition-unites-to-say-baleka-mbete-must-go "Opposition unites to say Baleka Mbete must go".] Times Live. 10 September 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Mbete o kile a supiwa ka menwana, mo dingwageng tse supa, gote o a gobelela go itumedisa ANC le go dirisiwa le tautona Zuma.<ref>Ferreira, Emsie (14 November 2014[https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2014-11-14-mbete-vows-to-protect-parliament/ ). "Mbete vows to protect Parliament"]. ''IOL''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref><ref>Stone, Setumo (17 February 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160322132328/http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/opinion/mbetes-incendiary-remarks-reveals-bias-and-paranoia/ "Mbete's incendiary remarks reveals bias and paranoia".] ''The Dispatch''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref><ref>Makhanya, Mondli (14 February 2016). [https://www.news24.com/citypress "Baleka Mbete, a crime scene cleaner".] ''CityPress''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref><ref>SAPA (22 March 2015). [https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2015-03-22-parliament-denies-accusations-of-bias/ "Parliament denies accusations of bias".] ''IOL''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref><ref>Zuma, President Jacob; GCIS, Speaker of Parliament Baleka Mbete Picture. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220426172834/https://ewn.co.za/2015/11/20/Maimane-Mbete-shielded-Zuma-on-R4bn-jet "Mbete shielded president from R4bn jet issue".] Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref><ref>Ackroyd, Bianca. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220222015610/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/watch-step-aside-mbete-demands-opposition "WATCH: 'Step Aside Mbete' Demands Opposition]". ''www.enca.com''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref><ref>de Vos, Pierre (18 March 2015). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2015-03-19-the-world-according-to-baleka-making-up-rules-for-parliament/#.Vwoxe_krJD8 "The World According to Baleka: Making up rules for Parliament".] ''www.dailymaverick.co.za''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref><ref>Makinana, Andisiwe (17 September 2014). [https://mg.co.za/article/2014-09-17-baleka-mbetes-parly-position-brings-the-house-down/ "Baleka Mbete's parly position brings the House down".] ''The M&G Online''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Ka Mopitlo 2016, kgotlatshelelo ya molaomotheo e ne ya tshegetsa tsheko ya [[Economic Freedom Fighters kgatlhanong le motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente]], gore palamente mo tlhokomelong ya ga Mbete e tlodile molaomotheo ka nyatsa go na le diragatsa pego ya Nkandla ya moatlhodimogolo. ==== Letsholo la botautona la ANC ==== Pele ga bokopano jwa masome a matlhano le bone jwa ANC, jo go neng go ya go tlhophiwa motlhatlhami wa ga Zuma go nna tautona wa ANC, Mbete o ne a itshupa fa a lwela maemo ao ka Moranang 2016.<ref>Feni, Lulamile; Sikho Ntshobane (11 April 2016). [https://www.businessday.co.za/rdm/politics/2016-04-11-baleka-mbete-ive-been-asked-to-lead-the-anc/ "Baleka Mbete: I've been asked to lead the ANC".] ''Business Day''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref><ref>Munusamy, Ranjeni (19 April 2016). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-04-20-baleka-mbete-madam-speaker-madam-president/ "Baleka Mbete: Madam Speaker, Madam President?".] ''Daily Maverick''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Lekgotla la bomme la ANC le ne la ema nokeng ntlhopheng o mongwe - [[Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma]], Mbete o ne a sa bonwe a ka etelela pele, mme o ne a tswelela ka go ipapatsa, ka sekao sa #BM17, go fitlhelela bokopano bo tshwarwa ka Morule 2017.<ref>Goba, Neo (17 January 2017[https://www.businessday.co.za/bd/politics/2017-01-17-baleka-mbete-my-bid-for-sas-presidency-is-not-formally-on-the-table-yet/ ). "Baleka Mbete says her bid for ANC's presidency is 'not formally on the table yet'". ''B'']''usiness Day''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2017-09-01-00-anc-presidential-race-wide-open/ "ANC presidential race wide open".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Bosigo jwa ntlha kwa bokopano,le fa go ntse jalo, Mbete o ne a ema nokeng [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] - mmaba o motona wa ga Dlamini-Zuma mo botautoneng.<ref>Herman, Paul (16 December 2007). [https://www.news24.com/baleka-mbete-endorses-cyril-ramaphosa-for-anc-president-20171216 "Baleka Mbete endorses Cyril Ramaphosa for ANC president".] ''News24''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Go ne ga begiwa gore o ne a ema Ramaphosa nokeng ka gore o ne a tlhabilwe ke ditlhong gore Zuma ga a ema nokeng letsholo la gagwe.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2019-02-08-00-point-of-order-madam-speaker/ "Point of order, Madam Speaker!".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 8 February 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Mbete o ne a seka a emela ditlhopho gape tsa bodulasetilo kwa bokopanong joo ebile a seka a tlhagelela mo pampiring ya tlhopho ya maemo ape a boeteledipele, mme o ne a tlhophiwa gape go ya komiting ya ANC.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/citypress/special-report/anc_conference/here-is-the-ancs-new-nec-20171221 "Here is the ANC's new NEC".] ''Citypress''. 21 December 2017. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Mo tshekatshekong ya Mail & Guardian, seriti sa ga Mbete se ne sa wela tlase morago ga letsholo le le retetseng la botautona.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/politics/2021-07-16-where-are-all-the-expresidents-men-and-women/ "Where are all the (ex)president's men and women?".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 16 July 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> ==== Go tlhatlhama le tse di diragetseng morago ==== Pele ga ditlhopho tsa 2019, Mbete o ne a bolelela pampiri ya ''[[Sowetan]]'' gore ga a itse se se tlaa diragalang mo dikgweding tse di latelang.<ref>Makinana, Andisiwe (30 January 2019). [https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-01-30-speaker-of-parliament-baleka-mbete-anxious-about-her-future/ "Speaker of parliament Baleka Mbete anxious about her future"]. ''Sowetan''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Fa ditlhopho di tshwarwa ka Motsheganong a le.masome mabediz ANC e ne ya itsise fa e tlaa tlhopha Thandi Modise, moeteledipele o o tswang wa khansele ya dikgaolo, go tlhatlhama Mbete jaaka motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente.<ref>Makinana, Andisiwe (20 May 2019)[https://www.dailydispatch.co.za/news/2019-05-20-thandi-modise-to-replace-baleka-mbete-as-national-assembly-speaker/ . "Thandi Modise to replace Baleka Mbete as National Assembly speaker"]. ''Daily Dispatch''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Letsatsi le le latelang, ANC e ne ya tlhomamisa magatwe a gore Mbete o gogetse leina la gagwe kwa morago mo lenaaneng la phathi, se se raya gore o tlaa seke a boele manno a gagwe mo palamenteng.<ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-05-21-baleka-mbete-and-malusi-gigaba-decline-parliamentary-seats/ "Baleka Mbete and Malusi Gigaba decline parliamentary seats".] ''Sunday Times''. 21 May 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Ka Mopitlo 2022,Mbete o ne a bolela seromamowa sa 702 gore o feditse ka sepolotiki.<ref>[https://www.primediaplus.com/404/ <nowiki>"Baleka Mbete: I am done with with[sic] politics, young people must lead"</nowiki>]. ''702''. 10 March 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga dikgwedi tse pedi, o ne a thapiwa go nna o o bitsang dikopano tsa lekgotla la bomme la ANC ka nakwana morago ga boeteledipele jwa lekgotla bo sena go rolwa marapo.ke komiti kgolo. Mo maemong a o o ne a etelela pele lekgotla, le mookamedi wa nakwana [[Maropene Ramokgopa]], go fitlhelela go tlhophiwa setlhopha se sesha sa baeteledipele.<ref>Khumalo, Juniour (12 July 2022). [https://www.news24.com/politics/it-was-not-about-what-i-preferred-but-the-task-at-hand-baleka-mbete-on-taking-up-ancwl-convener-post-20220712 "'It was not about what I preferred, but the task at hand': Mbete on taking up ANCWL convener post".] ''News24''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref><ref>Khumalo, Juniour; Qaanitah Hunter (21 June 2022). [https://www.news24.com/politics/ramaphosa-advisor-touted-to-lead-tentative-anc-womens-league-structure-alongside-baleka-mbete-20220621 "Ramaphosa advisor touted to lead tentative ANC Women's League structure alongside Baleka Mbete".] ''News24''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Kwa bokopanong jwa ANC jwa masome a matlhano le botlhano ka Morule 2022, o ne a seka tlhophiwa gape go ya komiting, a latlhegelwa ke maemo a gagwe e le lantlha fa e sale 1994.<ref>Sadike, Mashudu (22 December 2022). [https://iol.co.za/pretoria-news/news/2022-12-22-scores-of-senior-anc-leaders-including-pravin-gordhan-derek-hanekom-joel-netshitenzhe-tito-mboweni-booted-out/ "Scores of senior ANC leaders including Pravin Gordhan, Derek Hanekom, Joel Netshitenzhe, Tito Mboweni booted out".] ''IOL''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> == Dikgatlhego tsa kgwebo == Kamano ya ga Mbete le dikgwebo go boditswe thata ka yone. Ene le mokwaledi wa kgaolo wa ANC kwa [[Kapa Bokone]] Dr K M Seimelo ba ne le diabe kwa Dyambu Holdings<ref>Mudzuli, Kennedy (27 November 2006)[https://www.citizen.co.za/index/article.aspx?pDesc=28171,1,22 . ""Gravy train" elite slated".] The Citizen. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> E e nang le seabe mo go ageng porojeke e tona ya sepalamo sa setshaba sa [[Gautrain]] kwa [[Gauteng]]. Go bolelwa ga Dyambu Holdings e amana le mohumi [[Brett Kebble]].<ref>wa ka Ngobeni, Wisani; Dominic Mahlangu and Dumisane Lubisi (6 March 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20081125100421/http://www.thetimes.co.za/SpecialReports/Kebble/Article.aspx?id=298131 "A finger in all the right pies".] ''Sunday Times''. Archived from the original on 25 November 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Ka 2010, o ne a amega mo rekiweng ka didikadike di le masome mabedi le botlhano ga Gold Fields go fitlhilwe ka gore ke theko ya BEE ke basekaseki ba US.<ref>McKune, Craig (6 September 2013). [https://mg.co.za/article/2013-09-06-00-investigators-gold-fields-bribed-mbete/ "Investigators: 'Gold Fields bribed Mbete'".] ''Mail & Guardian''. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Mbete o nyetswe ke [[Keorapetse Kgosietsile]], mokwadi le mmoki o o tshabileng, ka 1978.<ref name=":1" /> Ba ne ba tlhalana ka 1992,<ref name=":2" /> a nyalwa gape ke Nape Khomo, mogwebi ka 2016.<ref name=":0" /> O na le bana ba basimane ba le bararo le basetsana ba le babedi.<ref name=":5" /> == Metswedi == kdfeyf2bmz1vf4pfhwjtx2qccgvbdj0 2 12680 54597 54541 2026-09-08T07:16:53Z Canana12 12484 Created draft 54597 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Canana12 [[Modirisi:Canana12/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[Modirisi:Canana12/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[Modirisi:Canana12/Draft 3|Draft 3]] * [[Modirisi:Canana12/Draft 4|Draft 4]] *[[Modirisi:Canana12/Draft 5|Draft 5]] * [[Modirisi:Canana12/Draft 6|Draft 6]] * qmn0orozaq3v0zkw5zczflupdayud9y 0 13463 54552 50400 2026-09-07T13:32:19Z Skwelea 12487 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373298290|Drought]]" 54552 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Komelelo''' ke nako nyana ya maemo a a omeletseng go feta ka tsela e e tlwaelegileng.  Komelelo e ka tsaya matsatsi a mantsi, dikgwedi kgotsa dingwaga. Komelelo gantsi e na le ditlamorago tse dikgolokgolo mo dithulaganyong tsa tikologo le temothuo ya dikgaolo tse di amegang, mme e baka kotsi mo ikonoming ya selegae . Dinako tsa komelelo tsa ngwaga ka ngwaga kwa boboatsatsi di oketsega thata kgonagalo ya gore go nne le komelelo, mme morago ga moo go nne le dikotsi tse di oketsegileng tsa molelo wa naga . <ref name="Brando">{{Cite journal |last=Brando |first=Paulo M. |last2=Paolucci |first2=Lucas |last3=Ummenhofer |first3=Caroline C. |last4=Ordway |first4=Elsa M. |last5=Hartmann |first5=Henrik |last6=Cattau |first6=Megan E. |last7=Rattis |first7=Ludmila |last8=Medjibe |first8=Vincent |last9=Coe |first9=Michael T. |last10=Balch |first10=Jennifer |date=30 May 2019 |title=Droughts, Wildfires, and Forest Carbon Cycling: A Pantropical Synthesis |journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=555–581 |bibcode=2019AREPS..47..555B |doi=10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010235 |issn=0084-6597 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Makhubu a mogote a ka gakatsa maemo a komelelo ka go oketsa mowafatso . Seno se omisa dikgwa le dimela tse dingwe, mme se oketsa selekanyo sa lookwane lwa melelo ya naga. <ref name="Brando" /> <ref name="Hartmann">{{Cite journal |last=Hartmann |first=Henrik |last2=Bastos |first2=Ana |last3=Das |first3=Adrian J. |last4=Esquivel-Muelbert |first4=Adriane |last5=Hammond |first5=William M. |last6=Martínez-Vilalta |first6=Jordi |last7=McDowell |first7=Nate G. |last8=Powers |first8=Jennifer S. |author-link8=Jennifer Sarah Powers |last9=Pugh |first9=Thomas A.M. |last10=Ruthrof |first10=Katinka X. |last11=Allen |first11=Craig D. |date=20 May 2022 |title=Climate Change Risks to Global Forest Health: Emergence of Unexpected Events of Elevated Tree Mortality Worldwide |journal=Annual Review of Plant Biology |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=673–702 |bibcode=2022ARPB...73..673H |doi=10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-012804 |issn=1543-5008 |pmid=35231182 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Karolo:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]] 0k8y21aapnm5eydhv4fll6shs8i5960 0 14386 54585 53910 2026-09-08T04:10:03Z ~2026-48617-47 13147 54585 wikitext text/x-wiki Lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le tsaya tirisanommogo mo go tsa itsholelo le polotiki mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] ka tlhwaafalo. Le lekile go dira gore lekgotla la [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC), le bereke mo go tsa tlhabololo itsholelo, gape le tokafaditse maiteko a go dira gore kgaolo e itirele melao fa go tsena mo go tsa tirisanommogo, go rarabolola tlhoka kutlwisisano, le boteledipele jo bo siameng. == Botsalano jwa polotiki == Mafatshe a a nang le botsalano le la Botswana mo go tsa sepolotiki: {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |[[Setshwantsho:Diplomatic relations of Botswana.svg|center|frameless|350x350px]] |- |# |'''Lefatshe''' |'''Kgwedi'''<ref>[https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic%20relations%20between%20Botswana%20and%20...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United%20Nations%20Digital%20Library%20System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 "Diplomatic relations between Botswana and ..."] United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |1 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[United Kingdom]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref name=":1">''The Diplomatic Service List''. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1970. pp.&nbsp;136–149.</ref> |- |2 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Japan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Japan]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220801145836/https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/botswana-and-japan-celebrate-50-years-of-diplomatic-relations "Botswana And Japan Celebrate 50 Years of Diplomatic Relations".] [[Botswana Guardian|''Botswana Guardian''.]] 5 August 2016. Archived from [https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/botswana-and-japan-celebrate-50-years-of-diplomatic-relations the original] on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |3 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[United States of America]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://history.state.gov/countries/all "All Countries".] ''Office of the Historian''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |4 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Germany.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Germany]] |Phalane a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender/botsuana-node/botsuana-219506 "Botsuana: Steckbrief".] ''Auswärtiges Amt'' (in German). Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |5 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Zambia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Zambia]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref name=":0">''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. pp.&nbsp;82–87.</ref> |- |6 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of France.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[France]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa<ref>[https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945"] (PDF) (in French). p.&nbsp;44.</ref> |- |7 |[[Setshwantsho:War Flag of the Philippines.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Philippines]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://x.com/DFAPHL/status/828400555722756096 "Today we celebrate 50 years of formal diplomatic relations with Botswana!".] 6 February 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |8 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Israel.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Israel]] |Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/outspoken-botswana-loses-its-voice-on-israel/ "Outspoken Botswana loses its voice on Israel".] ''Sunday Standard''. 3 November 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231103014414/https://www.sundaystandard.info/outspoken-botswana-loses-its-voice-on-israel/ Archived] from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |9 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Malawi.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Malawi]] |Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Report''. Malawi. Police Force. 1968. p.&nbsp;2.</ref> |- |10 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Netherlands]] |Phatwe a le lesome, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 86-90'' (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1967. p.&nbsp;152.</ref> |- |11 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Switzerland.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Switzerland]] |Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://dodis.ch/32532 "Ernennung eines schweizerischen Botschafters in Botswana und Lesotho. Sitz in Pretoria".] ''dodis.ch'' (in German). 22 August 1967. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |12 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Ethiopia (1996–2009).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Ethiopia]] |Phalane a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bosupa<ref name=":0" /> |- |13 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Kenya.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Kenya]] |Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a le marataro le bosupa<ref name=":0" /> |- |14 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Norway.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Norway]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robbaongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater"] (PDF). ''regjeringen.no'' (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |15 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Sweden.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Sweden]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marararo le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstreams/c2f5a602-de12-4d98-b2c4-11de6ac633b9/download "Sveriges statskalender 1969"] (in Swedish). p.&nbsp;46. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |16 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Korea.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[South Korea]] |Moranang a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>[https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/list.do "Countries & Regions"]. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |17 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Austria.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Austria]] |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>''Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa, Capetown Volume 2''. 1970. p.&nbsp;458. <q>Austrian Ambassador , Paul Zedwitz , presenting his credentials to Sir Seretse Khama , 5 Dec. 1968 . at Gaberones</q></ref><ref>''Diplomatic, Consular and International Organisations List''. Republic of Botswana. 1971. p.&nbsp;1. <q>5.12.68 His Excellency Dr. Paul Zedtwitz, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Austria (Resident in Pretoria).</q></ref> |- |18 | [[Setshwantsho:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Canada]] |Morule a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>Linwood, DeLong (January 2020). [https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019 "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019".] Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |19 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Nigeria.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Nigeria]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''Kutlwano, 9-10''. Bechuanaland Protectorate. Information Branch, Botswana. Information Services. 1974. p.&nbsp;4.</ref> |- |20 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Czech Republic]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref name=":0" /> |- |21 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Russia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Russia]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''Africa Quarterly''. Vol.&nbsp;10. Indian Centre for Africa. 1970. p.&nbsp;37.</ref> |- |22 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Denmark.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Denmark]] |Motsheganong a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''[https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/910992.pdf Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender 1971]'' (PDF) (in Danish). 1971. p.&nbsp;23.</ref> |- |23 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Serbia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Serbia]] |Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>Presse, Agence France (1970). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=Muo0AQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y Africa]''. Agence France-Presse. p.&nbsp;32.</ref> |- |24 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Italy.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Italia]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/281137451918748/photos/a.292204164145410/1151053924927092/?type=3&_rdr "Dr. Filippo Scammacca Del Murgo e Dell Agnone presented his credentials to Dr. Sertese Khama Ian Khama".] ''Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Botswana in Facebook''. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |25 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Romania.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Romania]] |Phalane a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le motso<ref>[https://www.mae.ro/en/node/2187 "Diplomatic Relations of Romania".] Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |26 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Belgium]] |Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a robabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le motso<ref>''Diplomatic, Consular and International Organisations List''. Republic of Botswana. 1971. p.&nbsp;2.</ref> |- |27 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Tanzania.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Tanzania]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi |- |28 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of India.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[India]] |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi<ref>''Asia & Africa Review''. Vol.&nbsp;12. Independent Publishing Company. 1972. p.&nbsp;15.</ref> |- |29 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Egypt.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Egypt]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a supa, masome a supa le boraro<ref>''ARR, Arab Report and Record''. Vol.&nbsp;1–18, 21–24. 1973. p.&nbsp;7.</ref> |- |30 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Lesotho.svg|frameless|30x30px]][[Lesotho]] |Moranang ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le boraro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230623071827/https://istmat.org/files/uploads/55959/003_zarubezhnye_strany.pdf "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1974. Выпуск восемнадцатый: Зарубежные страны"] (PDF) (in Russian). p.&nbsp;322. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |31 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Australia]] |Phukwi a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le boraro<ref>''Facts and Figures of Australia at War''. Vol.&nbsp;119. Australian News and Information Bureau, Department of the Interior. 1973. p.&nbsp;95.</ref> |- |32 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of North Korea (20-33).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[North Korea]] (e seegetswe kwa thoko ka nakwana) |Morule a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bone<ref>[https://ghostarchive.org/archive/2rX2V "DPRK Diplomatic Relations"] (PDF). NCNK. 2016. pp.&nbsp;8–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |33 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[China]] |Firikgong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/system/index_17321.shtml "Joint Communique Regarding the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Botswana".] 25 April 2002. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |34 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Ghana.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Ghana]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://gna.org.gh/2025/05/botswana-delegation-visits-ghana-to-study-transformative-tvet-framework-and-policies/ "Botswana Delegation Visits Ghana to Study Transformative TVET Framework and Policies".] 11 May 2025. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |35 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Guyana.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Guyana]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191224073504/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/ "Diplomatic relations".] Archived from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |36 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Mexico.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Mexico]] |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>''Informe de labores – Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores'' (in Spanish). Mexico. Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. 1976. pp.&nbsp;26 and 36–37.</ref> |- |37 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Mozambique.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Mozambique]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/281137451918748/photos/the-high-commissioner-of-mozambique-his-excellency-domingos-fernades-presenting-/1125072150858603/ "The High Commissioner of Mozambique, His Excellency Domingos Fernades presenting his Letters of Credence to the President of Botswana, His Excellency Lt. Gen. Dr. Seretse Khama Ian Khama, on 2 February 2016"]. 4 February 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2026&#x2013; via Facebook.</ref> |- |38 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Eswatini.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Eswatini]] |Motsheganong a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borataro<ref>''Directory of the Diplomatic Corps and International Organizations''. Botswana, Botswana. Office of the President. External Affairs. 1978. p.&nbsp;3.</ref> |- |39 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Libya.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Libya]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bosupa<ref>''ARR: Arab Report and Record''. Economic Features, Limited. 1977. p.&nbsp;165.</ref> |- |40 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Luxemborg|Luxembourg]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bosupa<ref>[https://aei.pitt.edu/52731/1/B0795.pdf "CORPS DIPLOMATIQUE accrédité auprès des Communautés européennes"] (PDF) (in French). 30 September 1977. pp.&nbsp;1, 29. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref><ref>[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.146909/page/n926/mode/1up|''The Europa Year Book 1978 A World Survey Vol.-i''. Europa]] Publication Limited. 1978.</ref> |- |41 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Cuba.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Cuba]] |Morule a robabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bosupa<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220707064931/https://www.minrex.gob.cu/es/node/1944 "Firman Cuba y Botswana acuerdo de cooperación en sector de Salud"] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |42 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Argentina.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Argentina]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi |- |43 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Greece (1970–1975).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Greece]] |Moranang a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borobabobedi |- |44 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Finland.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Finland]] |Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180330044440/http://formin.finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?nodeid=17195&contentlan=2&culture=en-US "Countries and regions A–Z"]. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |45 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Poland.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Poland]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi |- |46 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Algeria.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Algeria]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabongwe<ref>Slimane Chikh (1980). ''Le Maghreb et l'Afrique subsaharienne'' (in French). Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique. p.&nbsp;10. <q>Botswana (30/11/79) Mohamed Chellali Khouri</q></ref> |- |47 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Angola.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Angola]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi<ref>''Sub-Saharan Africa Report Issues 2243-2247''. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1980. p.&nbsp;7. <q>7 Mar 80 ] ANGOLA - BOTSWANA DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS -- The governments of Botswana and Angola have decided to establish diplomatic relations .</q></ref> |- |48 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Portugal (official).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Portugal]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi<ref>[https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/relacoesbilaterais/paises "Países".] ''Portal Diplomático'' (in Portuguese). Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |49 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Hungary.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Hungary]] |Moranang a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi<ref>''Hungary – Page 170''. Pannonia Press, 1980</ref> |- |50 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Turkey.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Turkey]] |Firikgong a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso |- |51 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Spain]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe ngwaga wa Sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso<ref>[https://www.exteriores.gob.es/es/Comunicacion/Paginas/Ficha.aspx "Ficha de paises y territorios"] (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |52 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Jamaica.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Jamaica]] |Motsheganong a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi |- |53 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Bulgaria]] |Phatwe a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi<ref>''Keesing's Contemporary Archives – Page 32055''. Keesing's Limited., 1983.</ref> |- |54 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Albania.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Albania]] |Phatwe a le masome a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi<ref>''Keesing's Contemporary Archives – Page 32055''. Keesing's Limited., 1983.</ref> |- |55 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Zimbabwe]] |Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robaongwe, masome a robabobedi le boraro<ref>''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p.&nbsp;103</ref> |- |56 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Bangladesh]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le boraro<ref>''News Review on South Asia and Indian Ocean''. Institute for Defence Studies & Analyses., 1983. p.&nbsp;442.</ref> |- |57 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Brazil.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Brazil]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le botlhano |- |58 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Thailand.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Thailand]] |Ngwanatsele e a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le botlhano<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240816013201/https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content-category/5d5bcb4e15e39c3060006875 "อเมริกาและแปซิฟิก"] (in Thai). Archived from [https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content-category/5d5bcb4e15e39c3060006875 the original] on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |59 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Iraq (2008).png|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Iraq]] |Phukwi a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borataro<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/jprs-report_jprs-ssa-86-086/page/n13/mode/1up?q=credentials Sub-Saharan Africa Report]''. United States Joint Publications Research Service. 18 August 1986. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |60 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Pakistan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Pakistan]] |Phatwe a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borataro<ref>''Pakistan Horizon – Volume 39''. Pakistan Institute of International Affairs. 1986. p.&nbsp;108.</ref> |- |61 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of New Zealand.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[New Zealand]] |ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bosupa<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090122004704/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Embassies/3-NZ-Ambassadors/countries-b.php "New Zealand Heads of Overseas Missions – B".] ''mfat.govt.nz''. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009.</ref> |- |62 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Seychelles.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Seychelles]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi |- |63 |[[Setshwantsho:State flag of Iran (1964–1980).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Iran]] |Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi<ref>''Directory of Iranian Officials''. 1991. p.&nbsp;69.</ref> |- |64 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Vanuatu (official).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Vanuatu]] |Ngwanatsele a rogwa, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240925183844/https://mfaicet.gov.vu/images/documents/VANUATU_NATIONAL_FOREIGN_POLICY.pdf "Vanuatu Diplomatic Relations"] (PDF). ''mfaicet.gov.vu''. p.&nbsp;50. Archived from [https://mfaicet.gov.vu/images/documents/VANUATU_NATIONAL_FOREIGN_POLICY.pdf the original] (PDF) on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |65 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Uganda.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Uganda]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a robabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe<ref name=":3">''Diplomatic List 1995''. Botswana, Botswana. Department of Foreign Affairs. 1995. pp.&nbsp;xiii.</ref> |- |66 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Gran Colombia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Colombia]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe |- |67 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Somalia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Somalia]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe<ref name=":3" /> |- |68 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Iceland.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Iceland]] |Moranang a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe<ref>Thorsteinsson, Pétur J. (1992). ''Utanríkisþjónusta Íslands og utanríkismál: sögulegt yfirlit'' (in Icelandic). pp.&nbsp;1065–1066.</ref> |- |69 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Namibia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Namibia]] |Phukwi a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe<ref>Mushelenga, Samuel Abraham Peyavali (2008). [https://uir.unisa.ac.za/service-interruption.html?sequence=4&isAllowed=y "Foreign policy-making in Namibia : the dynamics of the smallness of a state"] (PDF). pp.&nbsp;254–259.</ref> |- |70 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Malaysia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Malaysia]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe<ref>[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=oVrVK2ElINMC&dq=26+Nov.+1990+Diplomatic+relations+are+established+with+Malaysia&pg=PA108&redir_esc=y ''Southern African Political History A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''.] Greenwood Press. 1999. p.&nbsp;108. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780313302473|<bdi>9780313302473</bdi>.]] Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |71 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Tunisia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Tunisia]] |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi |- |72 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Singapore.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Singapore]] |Phatwe a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230314222839/https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Overseas-Missions/-/media/D74B3129AEFA44BB8FC411746F005489.ashx "Diplomatic & consular list".] ''Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore''. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |73 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Africa.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Aforika Borwa]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bone<ref>[https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02167/04lv02168/05lv02169.htm "1994".] ''The O’Malley archive''. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |74 |[[Setshwantsho:Kuwait flag 300.png|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Kuwait]] |Seetebosigo a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro<ref>''Daily Report: Africa (Sub-Sahara)''. Vol.&nbsp;96. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1996. <q>Botswana: Diplomatic Relations With Kuwait Established</q></ref> |- |75 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Ireland.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Ireland]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/281137451918748/photos/the-minister-of-international-affairs-and-cooperation-speaks-with-the-irish-mini/3338393609526435/ "The Minister of International Affairs And Cooperation Speaks with the Irish Minister of Foreign Affairs And Trade".] 1 June 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2026 &#x2013; via Facebook.</ref> |- |76 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Chile.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Chile]] |Phalane a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa<ref>"Reseña histórica de la presencia chilena en África" (in Spanish). p.&nbsp;6. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |77 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Trinidad and Tobago]] |Motsheganong a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi |- |78 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Slovakia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Slovakia]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le motso<ref>[https://www.mzv.sk/staty "Štáty a teritóriá"] (in Slovak). Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref> |- |79 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Mauritius.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Mauritius]] |Moranang a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi<ref>''Diplomatic List''. Botswana. Department of Foreign Affairs. 2003. p.&nbsp;111.</ref> |- |80 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Latvia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Latvia]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro<ref>[https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations "Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations".] ''mfa.gov.lv''. 1 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |81 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Estonia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Estonia]] |Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro<ref>[https://www.vm.ee/suhted-teiste-riikide-ja-organisatsioonidega/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia"] (in Estonian). 30 January 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |82 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Lithuania.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Lithuania]] |Tlhakole a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220110123939/https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations".] Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |83 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Ukraine.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Ukraine]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a mane ngwaga dikete pedi le bone<ref>[https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/middle-east-and-africa "Middle East and Africa". ''M'']''inistry of Foreign Affairs''. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |84 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Rwanda]] |Lwetse, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/81051 "Rwanda Botswana relations symbiotic".] 11 August 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |85 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Malta.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Malta]] |Firikgong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211224125943/https://foreignandeu.gov.mt/en/Treaties%20Series/Pages/Treaties%20Documents/Botswana---Agreement-on-the-establishment-of-Diplomatic-Relations-between-the-Republic-of-Malta-and-the-Republic-of-Botswan.aspx "Botswana – Agreement on the establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Malta and the Republic of Botswana".] Archived from [https://foreign.gov.mt/ the original] on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |86 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Cyprus (1960–2006).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Cyprus]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano |- |87 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Morocco.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Morocco]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano |- |88 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Slovenia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Slovenia]] |Phukwi a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano |- |89 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Madagascar.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Madagascar]] |Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170220194957/https://newsmada.com/2017/02/15/cooperation-le-botswana-sinteresse-a-la-grande-ile "Coopération : le Botswana s'intéresse à la Grande île".] ''newsmada.com'' (in French). 15 February 2017. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20170220194957/https://newsmada.com/2017/02/15/cooperation-le-botswana-sinteresse-a-la-grande-ile the original] on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |90 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Croatia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Croatia]] |Lwetse a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano<ref>[https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800 "Bilateral relations – Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations"]. ''Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia''. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |91 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Belarus.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Belarus]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |92 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[United Arab Emirates]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga w dikete pedi le borataro<ref>[https://www.wam.ae/en/details/1395227642979 "UAE and Botswana establish diplomatic relations".] 29 April 2006.</ref> |- |93 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Bahamas.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Bahamas]] |Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260519182745/http://www.bahamasuncensored.com/ConsCorpsXmas06_MFA.html "Mitchell addresses Diplomats Christmas Luncheon".] 13 December 2006. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |94 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Dominican Republic]] |Phalane a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171004004739/http://enlacecongreso.mirex.gob.do/ecc/Lists/Establecimiento%20de%20Relaciones%20Diplomticas/AllItems.aspx "Establecimiento De Relaciones Diplomáticas"] (in Spanish). Archived from [http://enlacecongreso.mirex.gob.do/ecc/Lists/Establecimiento%20de%20Relaciones%20Diplomticas/AllItems.aspx the original] on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |95 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Republic of the Congo]] |Ngwanatsele a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |96 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Qatar.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Qatar]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |97 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Equatorial Guinea]] |Morule a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro<ref>[https://minexteriores.gob.gq/wp-content/uploads/ACUERDOS-GUINEA-ECUATORIAL-BOTSUANA.pdf "Acuerdos Firmados Entre Guinea Euatorial Y Botswana"] (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |98 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Barbados.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Barbados]] |Morule a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |99 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Gabon.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Gabon]] |Morule a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |100 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Niger.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Niger]] |Morule a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |101 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Sudan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Sudan]] |Firikgong a le lesome ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |102 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Burkina Faso]] |Firikgong a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |103 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Benin.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Benin]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |104 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |105 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Saudi Arabia]] |Mopitlo a rogwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230817201141/https://sp.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=429339 "Saudi Arabia, Botswana Establish Diplomatic Relations".] 1 March 2007. Archived from [https://sp.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=429339 the original] on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |106 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Burundi.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Burundi]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |107 |[[Djibouti]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130818144121/http://www.djibdiplomatie.dj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=439&Itemid=17 "Etat des relations".] ''Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation Internationale Djibouti'' (in French). Archived from [http://www.djibdiplomatie.dj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=439&Itemid=17 the original] on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |108 |[[Guinea]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |109 |[[Uruguay]] |Motsheganong a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa<ref>''Keesing's Contemporary Archives – Page 32055''. Keesing's Limited., 1983.</ref> |- |110 |[[Guatemala]] |Motsheganong a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |111 |[[Mauritania]] |Motsheganong a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |112 |[[Ecuador]] |Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |113 |[[Mali]] |Seetebosigo a le malatis a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |114 |[[Ivory Coast]] |Seetebosigo a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |115 |[[Venezuela]] |Phukwi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |116 |[[Paraguay]] |Phukwi a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |117 |[[Honduras]] |Phukwi a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |118 |[[Dominica]] |Phukwi a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |119 |[[Nicaragua]] |Phatwe a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |120 |[[Costa Rica]] |Lwetse a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa<ref>[https://x.com/CRcancilleria/status/1304499050432135172 "Celebramos 13 años de relaciones diplomáticas con la República de Botsuana y Costa rica"] (in Spanish). 11 September 2020.</ref> |- |121 |[[Antigua and Barbuda]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |122 |[[Suriname]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |123 |[[Belize]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161222155933/http://www.mofaic.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=134:bilateral-relations-b&catid=2&Itemid=43 "Bilateral Relations: B".] Botswana: Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation. Archived from [http://www.mofaic.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=134:bilateral-relations-b&catid=2&Itemid=43 the original] on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |124 |[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |Lwetse a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi |- |125 |[[Sri Lanka]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi |- |126 |[[Holy See]] |Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi<ref>[https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/diplomatic-relations-of-the-holy-see.php "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See"]. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |127 |[[Nepal]] |Firikgong a le malatsi a robabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |128 |[[Vietnam]] |Tlhakole a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |129 |[[Saint Kitts and nevis]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |130 |[[North Macedonia]] |Lwetse a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |131 |[[Panama]] |Morule a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |132 |[[Georgia]] |Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |133 |[[Samoa]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |134 |[[Guinea-Bissau]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |135 |[[Montenegro]] |Phukwi a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |136 |[[Liberia]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le motso ngwagawa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |137 |[[Solomon Islands]] |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |138 |[[Papua New Guinea]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |139 |[[Monaco]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso |- |140 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Fiji.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Fiji]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso |- |141 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Sudan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[South Sudan]] |Phukwi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso |- |142 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Indonesia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Indonesia]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi |- |143 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Chad.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Chad]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |144 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Sierra Leone]] |Tlhakole a le leome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |145 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Senegal.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Senegal]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |146 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Palestine.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[State of Palestine]] |Mopitlo a robabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa |- |147 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] |Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi |- |148 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Comoros.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Comoros]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi |- |149 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Togo]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso |- |150 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Central African Republic]] |Phalane a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/lepotentielcentrafricain/posts/2944388082541603/?locale=hi_IN&_rdr "L'ambassadeur Nzapayeke est accredite aupres de la Republique du Botswana".] ''Le Potentiel Centrafricain.com'' (in French). Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |151 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/BWPresidency/videos/arrival-of-ambassador-designate-mrs-emillie-a-mushobekwa-of-the-democratic-repub/525396969660843/ "Arrival of Ambassador Designate Mrs Emillie A. Mushobekwa of the Democratic Republic of Congo, for Presentation of Letters of Credence at the Office of The President, Gaborone".] 9 February 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026 &#x2013; via Facebook.</ref> |- |152 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Mongolia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Mongolia]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |153 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Saint Lucia]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |154 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Tajikistan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Tajikistan]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |155 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Laos.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Laos]] |Morule a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |156 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Maldives.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Maldives]] |Morule a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |157 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Armenia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Armenia]] |Morule a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro<ref>[https://armenpress.am/en/article/1126252 "Diplomatic relations established between Armenia and Botswana".] ''[[:en:Armenpress|Armenpress]]''. 14 December 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |158 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of The Gambia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[The Gambia]] |Tlhakole a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/bwpresidency/p/C3S5SkFNZDZ/?img_index=1 "President Masisi recieves &#x5B;sic&#x5D; letters of credence from ambassador designates".] ''bwpresidency''. 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |159 |[[Setshwantsho:Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Bolivia]] |Phatwe a rogwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone |- |160 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Turkey.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Uzbekistan]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.tengritimes.com/en/post/uzbekistan-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-another-african-country-botswana "Uzbekistan establishes diplomatic relations with another African country - Botswana".] ''Times Tenrgi''. 26 September 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |161 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Liechtenstein]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.llv.li/serviceportal2/amtsstellen/stabstelle-regierungskanzlei/rechenschaftsbericht-2024.pdf "Landtag, Regierung und Gerichte 2024"] (PDF) (in German). 2025. p.&nbsp;153.</ref> |- |162 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Kyrgyzstan]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1063928925778499&id=100064842032316&_rdr "Botswana and Kyrgyz Republic establish diplomatic relations".] ''Ministry of International Relations, Botswana on Facebook''. 5 March 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |163 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Oman.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Oman]] |Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |164 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Turkmenistan]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |165 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Kazakhstan]] |Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le botlhano |- |166 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Azerbaijan]] |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |167 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Cape Verde]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome mabedi le borataro<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/Presidencia.cv/posts/pfbid02pbCw2AhzDQwXmCuRaA6VwH5s23rDvgJ2B25jsnAdgBrWz7T1QYTJvxUVS3xvnjKyl "PR recebe Cartas Credenciais da nova Embaixadora de Botswana".] ''Presidência da República de Cabo Verde'' (in Portuguese). 25 February 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026.</ref> |- |168 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of El Salvador.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[El Salvador]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro |- |169 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Moldova.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Moldova]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro |- |170 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Bahrain.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Bahrain]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro<ref>[https://www.bna.bh/en/BahrainBotswanaestablishdiplomaticrelations.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2bDpZCGkNlmsjjveUvx%2fDgvs4%3d "Bahrain, Botswana establish diplomatic relations".] ''Bahrain News Agency''. 30 June 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |} == Botsalano gareng ga mafatshe a mabedi == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Lefatshe !Tshimologo ya botsalano !Dintlha |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Australia]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro | *Lefatshe la [[Australia]] le amogetswe ke la Botswana go tswa kwa ofising ya boemedi kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)]], [[Aforika Borwa]], ka |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[China]] |Firikgong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le botlhano |Mafatshe a mabedi a dirile botsalano ka Firikgong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ "Joint Communique Regarding the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Botswana (MFA People's Republic of China)".]</ref> Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le China]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Beijing * Lefatshe la China le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Greece (1970–1975).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Greece]] |Moranang a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi |Mafatshe o o mabedi a dirile botsalano ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome<ref>[https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1486125?ln=en "Diplomatic relations between Greece and Botswana as of 10 Apr. 1978 (UN Digital Library)".] 10 April 1978.</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke la Greece go dirisa diofisi kgolo tsa kemedi ya sennela ruri kwa Geneva, Switzerland * Lefatshe la Greece le dumeletswe ke la Botswana go dirisa diofisi tsa kemedi kwa Pretoria, Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://www.mfa.gr/en/bilateral-relations/botswana/ "Greece's Bilateral Relations".]</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of India.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[India]] |Firkgong a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete, amkgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le India]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[New Dehli]] * Lefatshe la India le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Indonesia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Indonesia]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi |Mafatshe a ka bobedi a tlhamile botsalano ka Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobaobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi * Leaftshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke la Indonesia go dirisia diofisi tse di kwa Canberra, Australia<ref>[https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/kedutaan "Missions &#x7C; Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia".]</ref> * Lefatshe al Indonesia le dumeletswe ke la Botswana go dirisa ofisi ya lne e e kwa Pretoria, Aforika Borwa<ref>[https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/kedutaan "Missions &#x7C; Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia".]</ref><ref>[https://kemlu.go.id/pretoria/en "Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia Pretoria Accredited to the Republic of Botswana, Kingdom of Eswatini, and the Kingdom of Lesotho South Africa"].</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Israel.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Israel]] | |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Israel]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke la Israel go nna le diofisi kwa London, United Kingdom * Lefatshe la Israel le dumeletswe ke la Botswana go dirisa diofisi tsa lone kwa Pretoria, Aforika Borwa |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Kenya.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Kenya]] |Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p.&nbsp;83.</ref> |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Kenya]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya moemedi kwa [[Nairobi]] * Lefatshe la Kenya le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Mexico.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Mexico]] |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le botlhano |Mafatshe o o mabedi a dirile botsalano jwa polotiki ka Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le botlhano.<ref>[https://centrogilbertobosques.senado.gob.mx/docs/NI_Nombramientos_Senado_270218.pdf "Nombramientos Diplomáticos De Reciente Ingreso Al Senado De La Republica En Africa,el Caribe Y Europa Page 8]" (PDF). [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/DgAjG Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke la Mexico kwa ofising ya lone kwa Washinton D.C kwa United States le na le ofisi kwa toropo ya Mexico City<ref>[https://www.botswanaembassy.org/ "Welcome to Embassy of the Republic of Botswana in Washington, D.C. | Embassy of the Republic of Botswana in Washington, D.C."] ''botswanaembassy.org''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke ofisi ya lone kwa Pretoria Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/sudafrica/ "Inicio".] ''embamex.sre.gob.mx''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Namibia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Namibia]] |Lwetse a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Namibia]] Botsalano jwa Botswana le Namibia ke jwa kutlwano, mafatshe a mabedi a a mabapi a, a dirisana mo go tsa tlhabololo itsholelo. Lefatshe la Botswana le tsere boipuso go tswa mo go la Britain ka Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro. Lefatshe la Namibia le stere boipuso mo go la Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe morago ga ntwa ya molelwane ya Aforika Borwa. * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Windhoek]] * Lefatshe la Namibia le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of North Korea (March 2026–present).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[North Korea]] |Morule a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bone, <ref>[https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf "DPRK Diplomatic Relations"] (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</ref> mme ga emisiwa ka Tlhakole a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=586061304809865&id=148228411926492 "Botswana Severs Ties With Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)"] &#x2013; via Facebook.</ref> |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le North Korea]] |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Oman.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Oman]] |Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano |Bona Botsalano jwa Botswana le Oman Mafatshe a mabedi a dirile botsalano ka Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/MinistryofInternationalAffairsBW/posts/botswana-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-the-sultanate-of-oman-on-14th-oct/1246185160886207/ "Botswana establishes diplomatic relations with the Sultanate of Oman"]. ''Ministry of International Relations, Botswana''. 16 October 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Ka Moranang a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le borataro, tautona [[Duma Boko]] o ne a sireletsa ditumalano le Oman tsa go sekaseka ditswammung, dikago tsa go baya lookwane, le kgothetso.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/botswana-signs-energy-mineral-exploration-deals-with-oman-2026-04-13/ "Botswana signs energy and mineral exploration deals with Oman"]. ''Reuters''. 13 April 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le itsisitse ka maano a lone a go bula ofisi ya boemedi kwa Muscat.<ref>[https://www.fm.gov.om/en/42099/ "Botswana confirms plans to open an embassy in Muscat".] ''Foreign Ministry of Oman''. 13 April 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Russia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Russia]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a supa |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Russia]] Lefatshe la Botswana le Soviet Union a ne a tlhama botsalano jwa sepolotiki ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a supa. Le ntswa le utlwana le mafatshe a bophirima, lefatshe la Botswana le ne la tsaya karolo mo metshamekong ya Olympics ya selemo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi. Botsalano jwa gompieno gareng ga mafatshe a mabedi bo supiwa bo le lorato ebile bo tswa bogologolong. Ka Mopitlo, mafatshe a mabedi a ne a ipelela dingwaga di le masome a mararo le botlhano a ntse a utlwana. Go ya ka tona wa mafatshe a sele, lefatshe la Russia ke lengwe la mafatshe a ntlha go nna le botsalano jo bo tletseng jwa sepolotiki le Botswana.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170202131955/http://www.botswana.mid.ru/articles_relations_e_09.html "We Must Exploit Russia's Potential".] Archived from [http://www.botswana.mid.ru/articles_relations_e_09.html the original] on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> Tirisanommogo ya kgwebo le itsholelo gareng ga mafatshe a Russia le Botswana e supiwa ke tumalano ya kgwebo ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa le tumalano ya itsholelo le setegeniki ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi. Puso ya Russian Federation le puso ya Botswana di ne tsa baya monwana tumalano ya ngwao, maranyane le thuto ka Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe. Mafatshe a Russia le Botswana a nnile le tirisanommogo e e duleng maduo mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng, bogolojang mo go tlhabololeng babereki. Lefatshe la Russia le santse le e fa Batswana sebaka sa go ithutela kwa lefatsheng la bone mo dikarolong tsa botlhokwa di tshwana le botsogo, mohama o o itemogelang tlhaelo ya babereki e e kwa godimo. Lefatshe la Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a banni ba Russia ba sa tlhokeng teseletso ya mosepele go ya kwa go lone. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090329052738/http://www.botswana.mid.ru/relations_e.html "Botswana-Russia relations".] Archived from [http://www.botswana.mid.ru/relations_e.html the original] on 29 March 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref>Lefatshe la Russia le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone, fa la Botswana le le ka fa tlase ga ofisi e e kwa Stockholm (Sweden) le ofisi kwa Moscow. |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Africa.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Aforika Borwa]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bone |Mafatshe a ka bobedi jwa one a dirile notsalano jwa sepolotiki ka Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bone. Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Aforika Borwa]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)]] le mookamedi wa kakaretso kwa [[Cape Town]] le [[Johannesburg]] * Lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le na le ofisi ya kemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Korea.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[South Korea]] |Moranang a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi |Go tlhamiwa ga botsalano jwa sepolotiki gareng ga Republic of Korea le Republic of Botswana go simologile ka Moranang a robabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/view.do?seq=133 "Countries & Regions (MFA Republic of Korea)".]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso palo ya batho ba South korea ba ba neng ba nna kwa Botswana e ne e le lekgolo, masome a marataro le boraro.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150904015758/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/middleeast/countries/20070804/1_24503.jsp?menu=m_30_50 "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Middle East and Africa"]. 4 September 2015. Archived from [http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/middleeast/countries/20070804/1_24503.jsp?menu=m_30_50 the original] on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone, puso ya Botswana e ne e lemoga ROK e le yone puso ya Korea ya nnete.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150106001946/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Ministry-of-Foreign-Affairs-and-International-Cooperation/News/BOTSWANA-CUT-TIES-WITH-NORTH-KOREA/ "Botswana Cuts Ties with North Korea".] ''gov.bw''. Ministry of [[:en:Politics_of_Botswana|Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]. 20 February 2014. Archived from [https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Ministry-of-Foreign-Affairs-and-International-Cooperation/News/BOTSWANA-CUT-TIES-WITH-NORTH-KOREA/ the original] on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Turkey.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Turkey]] |Firikgong a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso<ref>[https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1636698?ln=en "Diplomatic relations between Botswana and Turkey as of 20 Jan. 1981 (UN Digital Library)".] 20 January 1981.</ref> | * Kemedi ya sennela ruri ya Botswana kwa ofising ya UN kwa Geneva e tlhomamisitswe ke Turkey. * Lefatshe la Turkey le na le ofisi ya kemedi kwa Gaborone<ref name=":2">[https://www.mfa.gov.tr/default.en.mfa Relations between Turkey and Botswana".]</ref> * Madi a kgwebo gareng ga mafatshe o o mabedi e ne e le didikadike di le pedi ka ngwag wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabongwe.<ref name=":2" /> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[United Kingdom]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro |[[Setshwantsho:Foreign Secretary visits Botswana (6886371565).jpg|thumb|Mokwaledi wa mafatshe a sele William Hague kwa Botswana, Tlhakole ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi]]Lefatshe la Botswana le simolotse botsalano le tirisanommogo le la [[United Kingdom]] ka Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robbaongwe, masome a marataro le borataro.<ref name=":1" /> * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya kemedi kwa Lontone.<ref>Diplomat Magazine (4 September 2017). "[https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/africa/botswana/ Botswana"]. ''Diplomat Magazine''. Archived from the original on 13 May 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Lefatshe la United Kingdom le dirisana mmogo le la Botswana ka ofisi ya kemedi kwa Gaborone.<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-gaborone "British High Commission Gaborone".] ''[[:en:Gov.uk|GOV.UK]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240506171421/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-gaborone Archived] from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> Lefatshe la UK le ne le eteletse pele la Botswana go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro, fa le tsaya boipuso. Mafatshe a ka bobedi ke maloko a mafatshe a selekanye, kgotlatshekelo ya mafatshefatshe ya molao, le lekgotla la go gweba ga mafatshe, ga mmogo le tumalano ya kopano ya itsholelo ya SACUM-UK.<ref>Bavier, Joe (11 September 2019). "[https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-africa-trade-idUKKCN1VW1N5 Britain agrees post-Brexit trade deal with southern Africa]". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> Mafatshe a ka bobedi jwa one a na le bokopano jwa go kgetha gabedi.<ref>[[:en:HM_Revenue_and_Customs|HM Revenue and Customs]] (3 February 2014). "[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/botswana-tax-treaties Botswana: tax treaties]". ''GOV.UK''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171729/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/botswana-tax-treaties Archived] from the original on 8 April 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[USA]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a maratyaro le borataro<ref>[https://history.state.gov/countries/botswana "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Botswana"].</ref> |Bona [[Botsalano jwa mafatshe a Botswana le United States]][[Setshwantsho:Embassy of Botswana, Washington, D.C..jpg|thumb|Ofisi ya Botswana kwa [[Washington, D.C.]]]]Lefatshe la United States le bona la Botswana e le mmueledi gape e le sekao sa go ritibala mo [[Aferika|Aforika]], le tswa kgakala le berekisana le la Botswana mo ditlhabololong fa e sale ka boipuso. U.S Peace corps ba ne ba boela Botswana ka Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi ka maikaelelo a go dira mananeo a a lebaganeng le HIV/AIDS morago ga go fetsa dingwaga tse di masome mararo a go thusa mo go tsepameng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa.Ka mo go tshwanang, USAID e ne ya emisa bokopano jwa sebaka se seleele le Botswana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borataro, morago ga mananeo a a atlegileng a thuto, katiso, kgwebo, go okamela tikologo, le botsogo jwa pelegi. Lefatshe la Botswana, le fa go ntse jalo, lone le mafatshe a a mabapi, le tswelela ka go anywa mo lenaneong la USAID la borwa jwa Aforika, le jaanong le leng kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)]], le ofisi ya go phadisana ga borwa jwa Aforika ya USAID e diofisikgolo tsa yone di leng kwa Gaborone. Lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la United States la babega dikgang le na le setaitane sa Voice of America mo Botswana le le thusang bontsi jwa mafatshe a a mo Aforika. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano, lekgotla le le laolang malwetsi la CDC le ne la simolola porojeke ya BOTUSA le kopane le lephata la [[botsogo mo Botswana]] go ntsha dintlha go tokafatsa maiteko a go laola kgotlholo e tona mo Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe ka nako ya fa kgotlholo e tona le HIV/AIDS di tlhasetse. Ka nako ya lenaneo la ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe la boeteledipele jwa U.S mo go lwantsheng segajaja, CDC ka BOTUSA e ne ya dira diporojeke tse dintsi gape e thusitse makgolta a mantsi mo go lwantsheng HIV/AIDS mo Botswana. Lefatshe la Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a a lesome le botlhano a lenaneo la ga tautona la tshoganyetso go lwantsha HIV, le amogetse didikadike tsa di dolara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mararo fa e sale lenaneo leo le simolola ka Firikgong ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone go tsena Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa. Thuso ya PEPFAR kwa Botswana, e e neng e le madi otlhe a a kanang ka didikadike di le masome a supa le borataro kwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa, le thusa go thibela, go alafa le go tlhokomela balwetse ba HIV/AIDS. Puso ya Botswana le ya United States ba stene mo tumalanong ka Phukwi ngwag wa dikete pedi go tlhama sekolo sa katisetso molao kwa Gaborone. Sekolo se, se dipuso tse di pataganetseng go ntsha madi a sone le go se okamela, se katisa mapodisi le matona a puso mo Aforika. Dikago tsa sekolo di kwa Otse, kwa ntle ga Gaborone, se bustwe ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro. Batho ba molao ba ka nna dikete tharo mo Aforika ba katisitswe mo sekolong se fa se sale se simolola go ruta ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le motso. * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Washington, D.C.]] * Lefatshe la United States le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Zimbabwe]] |Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro |Mafatshe a ka bobedi a nnile le tirisanommogo ka Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro.<ref>''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p.&nbsp;103.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le santse le sokola ka go tswala molelwane, le tswalela dikete tsa batho ba Zimbabwe ba ba tshabang go phutlhama ga itsholelo le pogiso ya sepolotiki. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, batho ba Zimbabwe ba le dikete di le masome mabedi le bobedi ba ne ba tshwarwa ba bo ba busediwa gae. Dipalo tsa batho ba ba buseditsweng gae di ne tsa oketsega go nna dikete di le masome mabedi le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>Dube, Mqondisi (14 August 2019). [https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_botswana-battles-influx-zimbabwean-illegal-immigrants/6173868.html "Botswana Battles Influx of Zimbabwean Illegal Immigrants"]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya kemedi kwa [[Harare]] * Lefatshe la Zimbabwe le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Gaborone]] |} == Botswana le FOSS == Lefatshe la Botswana le sale le nna leloko la bokopano jwa mafatshe a mannye (Forum of Small States) fa setlhopha seo se tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a obabongwe le bobedi.<ref>''50 Years of Singapore and the United Nations''. World Scientific. 2015. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-981-4713-03-0|978-981-4713-03-0]]</bdi>.access-date=13 July 2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Dithomo tsa botsalano jwa sepolotiki mo Botswana]] * [[Dithomo tsa botsalano jwa sepolotiki tsa Botswana]] == Metswedi == sawnv90cexfzhjv3hjzrd4uvdq5sp08 54586 54585 2026-09-08T04:15:03Z ~2026-48617-47 13147 /* Botsalano gareng ga mafatshe a mabedi */ 54586 wikitext text/x-wiki Lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le tsaya tirisanommogo mo go tsa itsholelo le polotiki mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] ka tlhwaafalo. Le lekile go dira gore lekgotla la [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC), le bereke mo go tsa tlhabololo itsholelo, gape le tokafaditse maiteko a go dira gore kgaolo e itirele melao fa go tsena mo go tsa tirisanommogo, go rarabolola tlhoka kutlwisisano, le boteledipele jo bo siameng. == Botsalano jwa polotiki == Mafatshe a a nang le botsalano le la Botswana mo go tsa sepolotiki: {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |[[Setshwantsho:Diplomatic relations of Botswana.svg|center|frameless|350x350px]] |- |# |'''Lefatshe''' |'''Kgwedi'''<ref>[https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic%20relations%20between%20Botswana%20and%20...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United%20Nations%20Digital%20Library%20System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 "Diplomatic relations between Botswana and ..."] United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |1 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[United Kingdom]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref name=":1">''The Diplomatic Service List''. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1970. pp.&nbsp;136–149.</ref> |- |2 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Japan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Japan]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220801145836/https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/botswana-and-japan-celebrate-50-years-of-diplomatic-relations "Botswana And Japan Celebrate 50 Years of Diplomatic Relations".] [[Botswana Guardian|''Botswana Guardian''.]] 5 August 2016. Archived from [https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/botswana-and-japan-celebrate-50-years-of-diplomatic-relations the original] on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |3 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[United States of America]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://history.state.gov/countries/all "All Countries".] ''Office of the Historian''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |4 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Germany.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Germany]] |Phalane a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender/botsuana-node/botsuana-219506 "Botsuana: Steckbrief".] ''Auswärtiges Amt'' (in German). Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |5 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Zambia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Zambia]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref name=":0">''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. pp.&nbsp;82–87.</ref> |- |6 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of France.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[France]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa<ref>[https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945"] (PDF) (in French). p.&nbsp;44.</ref> |- |7 |[[Setshwantsho:War Flag of the Philippines.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Philippines]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://x.com/DFAPHL/status/828400555722756096 "Today we celebrate 50 years of formal diplomatic relations with Botswana!".] 6 February 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |8 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Israel.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Israel]] |Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/outspoken-botswana-loses-its-voice-on-israel/ "Outspoken Botswana loses its voice on Israel".] ''Sunday Standard''. 3 November 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231103014414/https://www.sundaystandard.info/outspoken-botswana-loses-its-voice-on-israel/ Archived] from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |9 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Malawi.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Malawi]] |Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Report''. Malawi. Police Force. 1968. p.&nbsp;2.</ref> |- |10 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Netherlands]] |Phatwe a le lesome, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 86-90'' (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1967. p.&nbsp;152.</ref> |- |11 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Switzerland.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Switzerland]] |Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://dodis.ch/32532 "Ernennung eines schweizerischen Botschafters in Botswana und Lesotho. Sitz in Pretoria".] ''dodis.ch'' (in German). 22 August 1967. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |12 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Ethiopia (1996–2009).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Ethiopia]] |Phalane a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bosupa<ref name=":0" /> |- |13 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Kenya.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Kenya]] |Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a le marataro le bosupa<ref name=":0" /> |- |14 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Norway.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Norway]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robbaongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater"] (PDF). ''regjeringen.no'' (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |15 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Sweden.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Sweden]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marararo le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstreams/c2f5a602-de12-4d98-b2c4-11de6ac633b9/download "Sveriges statskalender 1969"] (in Swedish). p.&nbsp;46. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |16 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Korea.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[South Korea]] |Moranang a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>[https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/list.do "Countries & Regions"]. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |17 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Austria.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Austria]] |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>''Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa, Capetown Volume 2''. 1970. p.&nbsp;458. <q>Austrian Ambassador , Paul Zedwitz , presenting his credentials to Sir Seretse Khama , 5 Dec. 1968 . at Gaberones</q></ref><ref>''Diplomatic, Consular and International Organisations List''. Republic of Botswana. 1971. p.&nbsp;1. <q>5.12.68 His Excellency Dr. Paul Zedtwitz, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Austria (Resident in Pretoria).</q></ref> |- |18 | [[Setshwantsho:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Canada]] |Morule a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>Linwood, DeLong (January 2020). [https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019 "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019".] Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |19 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Nigeria.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Nigeria]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''Kutlwano, 9-10''. Bechuanaland Protectorate. Information Branch, Botswana. Information Services. 1974. p.&nbsp;4.</ref> |- |20 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Czech Republic]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref name=":0" /> |- |21 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Russia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Russia]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''Africa Quarterly''. Vol.&nbsp;10. Indian Centre for Africa. 1970. p.&nbsp;37.</ref> |- |22 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Denmark.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Denmark]] |Motsheganong a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''[https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/910992.pdf Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender 1971]'' (PDF) (in Danish). 1971. p.&nbsp;23.</ref> |- |23 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Serbia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Serbia]] |Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>Presse, Agence France (1970). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=Muo0AQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y Africa]''. Agence France-Presse. p.&nbsp;32.</ref> |- |24 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Italy.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Italia]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/281137451918748/photos/a.292204164145410/1151053924927092/?type=3&_rdr "Dr. Filippo Scammacca Del Murgo e Dell Agnone presented his credentials to Dr. Sertese Khama Ian Khama".] ''Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Botswana in Facebook''. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |25 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Romania.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Romania]] |Phalane a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le motso<ref>[https://www.mae.ro/en/node/2187 "Diplomatic Relations of Romania".] Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |26 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Belgium]] |Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a robabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le motso<ref>''Diplomatic, Consular and International Organisations List''. Republic of Botswana. 1971. p.&nbsp;2.</ref> |- |27 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Tanzania.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Tanzania]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi |- |28 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of India.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[India]] |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi<ref>''Asia & Africa Review''. Vol.&nbsp;12. Independent Publishing Company. 1972. p.&nbsp;15.</ref> |- |29 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Egypt.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Egypt]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a supa, masome a supa le boraro<ref>''ARR, Arab Report and Record''. Vol.&nbsp;1–18, 21–24. 1973. p.&nbsp;7.</ref> |- |30 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Lesotho.svg|frameless|30x30px]][[Lesotho]] |Moranang ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le boraro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230623071827/https://istmat.org/files/uploads/55959/003_zarubezhnye_strany.pdf "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1974. Выпуск восемнадцатый: Зарубежные страны"] (PDF) (in Russian). p.&nbsp;322. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |31 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Australia]] |Phukwi a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le boraro<ref>''Facts and Figures of Australia at War''. Vol.&nbsp;119. Australian News and Information Bureau, Department of the Interior. 1973. p.&nbsp;95.</ref> |- |32 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of North Korea (20-33).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[North Korea]] (e seegetswe kwa thoko ka nakwana) |Morule a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bone<ref>[https://ghostarchive.org/archive/2rX2V "DPRK Diplomatic Relations"] (PDF). NCNK. 2016. pp.&nbsp;8–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |33 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[China]] |Firikgong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/system/index_17321.shtml "Joint Communique Regarding the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Botswana".] 25 April 2002. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |34 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Ghana.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Ghana]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://gna.org.gh/2025/05/botswana-delegation-visits-ghana-to-study-transformative-tvet-framework-and-policies/ "Botswana Delegation Visits Ghana to Study Transformative TVET Framework and Policies".] 11 May 2025. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |35 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Guyana.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Guyana]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191224073504/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/ "Diplomatic relations".] Archived from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |36 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Mexico.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Mexico]] |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>''Informe de labores – Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores'' (in Spanish). Mexico. Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. 1976. pp.&nbsp;26 and 36–37.</ref> |- |37 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Mozambique.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Mozambique]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/281137451918748/photos/the-high-commissioner-of-mozambique-his-excellency-domingos-fernades-presenting-/1125072150858603/ "The High Commissioner of Mozambique, His Excellency Domingos Fernades presenting his Letters of Credence to the President of Botswana, His Excellency Lt. Gen. Dr. Seretse Khama Ian Khama, on 2 February 2016"]. 4 February 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2026&#x2013; via Facebook.</ref> |- |38 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Eswatini.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Eswatini]] |Motsheganong a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borataro<ref>''Directory of the Diplomatic Corps and International Organizations''. Botswana, Botswana. Office of the President. External Affairs. 1978. p.&nbsp;3.</ref> |- |39 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Libya.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Libya]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bosupa<ref>''ARR: Arab Report and Record''. Economic Features, Limited. 1977. p.&nbsp;165.</ref> |- |40 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Luxemborg|Luxembourg]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bosupa<ref>[https://aei.pitt.edu/52731/1/B0795.pdf "CORPS DIPLOMATIQUE accrédité auprès des Communautés européennes"] (PDF) (in French). 30 September 1977. pp.&nbsp;1, 29. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref><ref>[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.146909/page/n926/mode/1up|''The Europa Year Book 1978 A World Survey Vol.-i''. Europa]] Publication Limited. 1978.</ref> |- |41 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Cuba.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Cuba]] |Morule a robabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bosupa<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220707064931/https://www.minrex.gob.cu/es/node/1944 "Firman Cuba y Botswana acuerdo de cooperación en sector de Salud"] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |42 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Argentina.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Argentina]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi |- |43 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Greece (1970–1975).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Greece]] |Moranang a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borobabobedi |- |44 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Finland.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Finland]] |Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180330044440/http://formin.finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?nodeid=17195&contentlan=2&culture=en-US "Countries and regions A–Z"]. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |45 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Poland.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Poland]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi |- |46 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Algeria.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Algeria]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabongwe<ref>Slimane Chikh (1980). ''Le Maghreb et l'Afrique subsaharienne'' (in French). Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique. p.&nbsp;10. <q>Botswana (30/11/79) Mohamed Chellali Khouri</q></ref> |- |47 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Angola.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Angola]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi<ref>''Sub-Saharan Africa Report Issues 2243-2247''. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1980. p.&nbsp;7. <q>7 Mar 80 ] ANGOLA - BOTSWANA DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS -- The governments of Botswana and Angola have decided to establish diplomatic relations .</q></ref> |- |48 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Portugal (official).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Portugal]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi<ref>[https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/relacoesbilaterais/paises "Países".] ''Portal Diplomático'' (in Portuguese). Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |49 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Hungary.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Hungary]] |Moranang a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi<ref>''Hungary – Page 170''. Pannonia Press, 1980</ref> |- |50 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Turkey.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Turkey]] |Firikgong a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso |- |51 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Spain]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe ngwaga wa Sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso<ref>[https://www.exteriores.gob.es/es/Comunicacion/Paginas/Ficha.aspx "Ficha de paises y territorios"] (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |52 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Jamaica.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Jamaica]] |Motsheganong a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi |- |53 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Bulgaria]] |Phatwe a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi<ref>''Keesing's Contemporary Archives – Page 32055''. Keesing's Limited., 1983.</ref> |- |54 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Albania.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Albania]] |Phatwe a le masome a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi<ref>''Keesing's Contemporary Archives – Page 32055''. Keesing's Limited., 1983.</ref> |- |55 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Zimbabwe]] |Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robaongwe, masome a robabobedi le boraro<ref>''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p.&nbsp;103</ref> |- |56 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Bangladesh]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le boraro<ref>''News Review on South Asia and Indian Ocean''. Institute for Defence Studies & Analyses., 1983. p.&nbsp;442.</ref> |- |57 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Brazil.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Brazil]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le botlhano |- |58 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Thailand.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Thailand]] |Ngwanatsele e a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le botlhano<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240816013201/https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content-category/5d5bcb4e15e39c3060006875 "อเมริกาและแปซิฟิก"] (in Thai). Archived from [https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content-category/5d5bcb4e15e39c3060006875 the original] on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |59 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Iraq (2008).png|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Iraq]] |Phukwi a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borataro<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/jprs-report_jprs-ssa-86-086/page/n13/mode/1up?q=credentials Sub-Saharan Africa Report]''. United States Joint Publications Research Service. 18 August 1986. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |60 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Pakistan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Pakistan]] |Phatwe a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borataro<ref>''Pakistan Horizon – Volume 39''. Pakistan Institute of International Affairs. 1986. p.&nbsp;108.</ref> |- |61 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of New Zealand.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[New Zealand]] |ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bosupa<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090122004704/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Embassies/3-NZ-Ambassadors/countries-b.php "New Zealand Heads of Overseas Missions – B".] ''mfat.govt.nz''. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009.</ref> |- |62 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Seychelles.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Seychelles]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi |- |63 |[[Setshwantsho:State flag of Iran (1964–1980).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Iran]] |Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi<ref>''Directory of Iranian Officials''. 1991. p.&nbsp;69.</ref> |- |64 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Vanuatu (official).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Vanuatu]] |Ngwanatsele a rogwa, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240925183844/https://mfaicet.gov.vu/images/documents/VANUATU_NATIONAL_FOREIGN_POLICY.pdf "Vanuatu Diplomatic Relations"] (PDF). ''mfaicet.gov.vu''. p.&nbsp;50. Archived from [https://mfaicet.gov.vu/images/documents/VANUATU_NATIONAL_FOREIGN_POLICY.pdf the original] (PDF) on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |65 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Uganda.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Uganda]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a robabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe<ref name=":3">''Diplomatic List 1995''. Botswana, Botswana. Department of Foreign Affairs. 1995. pp.&nbsp;xiii.</ref> |- |66 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Gran Colombia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Colombia]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe |- |67 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Somalia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Somalia]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe<ref name=":3" /> |- |68 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Iceland.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Iceland]] |Moranang a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe<ref>Thorsteinsson, Pétur J. (1992). ''Utanríkisþjónusta Íslands og utanríkismál: sögulegt yfirlit'' (in Icelandic). pp.&nbsp;1065–1066.</ref> |- |69 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Namibia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Namibia]] |Phukwi a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe<ref>Mushelenga, Samuel Abraham Peyavali (2008). [https://uir.unisa.ac.za/service-interruption.html?sequence=4&isAllowed=y "Foreign policy-making in Namibia : the dynamics of the smallness of a state"] (PDF). pp.&nbsp;254–259.</ref> |- |70 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Malaysia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Malaysia]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe<ref>[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=oVrVK2ElINMC&dq=26+Nov.+1990+Diplomatic+relations+are+established+with+Malaysia&pg=PA108&redir_esc=y ''Southern African Political History A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''.] Greenwood Press. 1999. p.&nbsp;108. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780313302473|<bdi>9780313302473</bdi>.]] Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |71 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Tunisia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Tunisia]] |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi |- |72 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Singapore.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Singapore]] |Phatwe a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230314222839/https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Overseas-Missions/-/media/D74B3129AEFA44BB8FC411746F005489.ashx "Diplomatic & consular list".] ''Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore''. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |73 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Africa.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Aforika Borwa]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bone<ref>[https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02167/04lv02168/05lv02169.htm "1994".] ''The O’Malley archive''. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |74 |[[Setshwantsho:Kuwait flag 300.png|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Kuwait]] |Seetebosigo a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro<ref>''Daily Report: Africa (Sub-Sahara)''. Vol.&nbsp;96. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1996. <q>Botswana: Diplomatic Relations With Kuwait Established</q></ref> |- |75 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Ireland.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Ireland]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/281137451918748/photos/the-minister-of-international-affairs-and-cooperation-speaks-with-the-irish-mini/3338393609526435/ "The Minister of International Affairs And Cooperation Speaks with the Irish Minister of Foreign Affairs And Trade".] 1 June 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2026 &#x2013; via Facebook.</ref> |- |76 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Chile.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Chile]] |Phalane a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa<ref>"Reseña histórica de la presencia chilena en África" (in Spanish). p.&nbsp;6. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |77 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Trinidad and Tobago]] |Motsheganong a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi |- |78 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Slovakia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Slovakia]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le motso<ref>[https://www.mzv.sk/staty "Štáty a teritóriá"] (in Slovak). Retrieved 16 July 2026</ref> |- |79 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Mauritius.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Mauritius]] |Moranang a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi<ref>''Diplomatic List''. Botswana. Department of Foreign Affairs. 2003. p.&nbsp;111.</ref> |- |80 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Latvia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Latvia]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro<ref>[https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations "Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations".] ''mfa.gov.lv''. 1 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |81 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Estonia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Estonia]] |Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro<ref>[https://www.vm.ee/suhted-teiste-riikide-ja-organisatsioonidega/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia"] (in Estonian). 30 January 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |82 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Lithuania.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Lithuania]] |Tlhakole a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220110123939/https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations".] Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |83 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Ukraine.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Ukraine]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a mane ngwaga dikete pedi le bone<ref>[https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/middle-east-and-africa "Middle East and Africa". ''M'']''inistry of Foreign Affairs''. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |84 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Rwanda]] |Lwetse, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/81051 "Rwanda Botswana relations symbiotic".] 11 August 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |85 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Malta.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Malta]] |Firikgong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211224125943/https://foreignandeu.gov.mt/en/Treaties%20Series/Pages/Treaties%20Documents/Botswana---Agreement-on-the-establishment-of-Diplomatic-Relations-between-the-Republic-of-Malta-and-the-Republic-of-Botswan.aspx "Botswana – Agreement on the establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Malta and the Republic of Botswana".] Archived from [https://foreign.gov.mt/ the original] on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2026</ref> |- |86 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Cyprus (1960–2006).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Cyprus]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano |- |87 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Morocco.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Morocco]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano |- |88 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Slovenia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Slovenia]] |Phukwi a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano |- |89 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Madagascar.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Madagascar]] |Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170220194957/https://newsmada.com/2017/02/15/cooperation-le-botswana-sinteresse-a-la-grande-ile "Coopération : le Botswana s'intéresse à la Grande île".] ''newsmada.com'' (in French). 15 February 2017. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20170220194957/https://newsmada.com/2017/02/15/cooperation-le-botswana-sinteresse-a-la-grande-ile the original] on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |90 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Croatia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Croatia]] |Lwetse a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano<ref>[https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800 "Bilateral relations – Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations"]. ''Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia''. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |91 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Belarus.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Belarus]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |92 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[United Arab Emirates]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga w dikete pedi le borataro<ref>[https://www.wam.ae/en/details/1395227642979 "UAE and Botswana establish diplomatic relations".] 29 April 2006.</ref> |- |93 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Bahamas.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Bahamas]] |Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260519182745/http://www.bahamasuncensored.com/ConsCorpsXmas06_MFA.html "Mitchell addresses Diplomats Christmas Luncheon".] 13 December 2006. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |94 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Dominican Republic]] |Phalane a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171004004739/http://enlacecongreso.mirex.gob.do/ecc/Lists/Establecimiento%20de%20Relaciones%20Diplomticas/AllItems.aspx "Establecimiento De Relaciones Diplomáticas"] (in Spanish). Archived from [http://enlacecongreso.mirex.gob.do/ecc/Lists/Establecimiento%20de%20Relaciones%20Diplomticas/AllItems.aspx the original] on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |95 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Republic of the Congo]] |Ngwanatsele a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |96 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Qatar.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Qatar]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |97 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Equatorial Guinea]] |Morule a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro<ref>[https://minexteriores.gob.gq/wp-content/uploads/ACUERDOS-GUINEA-ECUATORIAL-BOTSUANA.pdf "Acuerdos Firmados Entre Guinea Euatorial Y Botswana"] (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |98 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Barbados.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Barbados]] |Morule a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |99 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Gabon.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Gabon]] |Morule a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |100 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Niger.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Niger]] |Morule a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro |- |101 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Sudan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Sudan]] |Firikgong a le lesome ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |102 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Burkina Faso]] |Firikgong a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |103 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Benin.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Benin]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |104 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |105 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Saudi Arabia]] |Mopitlo a rogwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230817201141/https://sp.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=429339 "Saudi Arabia, Botswana Establish Diplomatic Relations".] 1 March 2007. Archived from [https://sp.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=429339 the original] on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |106 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Burundi.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Burundi]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |107 |[[Djibouti]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130818144121/http://www.djibdiplomatie.dj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=439&Itemid=17 "Etat des relations".] ''Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation Internationale Djibouti'' (in French). Archived from [http://www.djibdiplomatie.dj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=439&Itemid=17 the original] on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |108 |[[Guinea]] |Moranang a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |109 |[[Uruguay]] |Motsheganong a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa<ref>''Keesing's Contemporary Archives – Page 32055''. Keesing's Limited., 1983.</ref> |- |110 |[[Guatemala]] |Motsheganong a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |111 |[[Mauritania]] |Motsheganong a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |112 |[[Ecuador]] |Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |113 |[[Mali]] |Seetebosigo a le malatis a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |114 |[[Ivory Coast]] |Seetebosigo a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |115 |[[Venezuela]] |Phukwi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |116 |[[Paraguay]] |Phukwi a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |117 |[[Honduras]] |Phukwi a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |118 |[[Dominica]] |Phukwi a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |119 |[[Nicaragua]] |Phatwe a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |120 |[[Costa Rica]] |Lwetse a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa<ref>[https://x.com/CRcancilleria/status/1304499050432135172 "Celebramos 13 años de relaciones diplomáticas con la República de Botsuana y Costa rica"] (in Spanish). 11 September 2020.</ref> |- |121 |[[Antigua and Barbuda]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |122 |[[Suriname]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa |- |123 |[[Belize]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161222155933/http://www.mofaic.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=134:bilateral-relations-b&catid=2&Itemid=43 "Bilateral Relations: B".] Botswana: Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation. Archived from [http://www.mofaic.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=134:bilateral-relations-b&catid=2&Itemid=43 the original] on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |124 |[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |Lwetse a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi |- |125 |[[Sri Lanka]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi |- |126 |[[Holy See]] |Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi<ref>[https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/diplomatic-relations-of-the-holy-see.php "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See"]. Retrieved 14 July 2026</ref> |- |127 |[[Nepal]] |Firikgong a le malatsi a robabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |128 |[[Vietnam]] |Tlhakole a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |129 |[[Saint Kitts and nevis]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |130 |[[North Macedonia]] |Lwetse a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |131 |[[Panama]] |Morule a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |- |132 |[[Georgia]] |Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |133 |[[Samoa]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |134 |[[Guinea-Bissau]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |135 |[[Montenegro]] |Phukwi a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |136 |[[Liberia]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le motso ngwagawa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |137 |[[Solomon Islands]] |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |138 |[[Papua New Guinea]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le lesome |- |139 |[[Monaco]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso |- |140 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Fiji.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Fiji]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso |- |141 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Sudan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[South Sudan]] |Phukwi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso |- |142 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Indonesia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Indonesia]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi |- |143 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Chad.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Chad]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |144 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Sierra Leone]] |Tlhakole a le leome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |145 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Senegal.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Senegal]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |146 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Palestine.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[State of Palestine]] |Mopitlo a robabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa |- |147 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] |Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi |- |148 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Comoros.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Comoros]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi |- |149 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Togo]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso |- |150 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Central African Republic]] |Phalane a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/lepotentielcentrafricain/posts/2944388082541603/?locale=hi_IN&_rdr "L'ambassadeur Nzapayeke est accredite aupres de la Republique du Botswana".] ''Le Potentiel Centrafricain.com'' (in French). Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |151 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/BWPresidency/videos/arrival-of-ambassador-designate-mrs-emillie-a-mushobekwa-of-the-democratic-repub/525396969660843/ "Arrival of Ambassador Designate Mrs Emillie A. Mushobekwa of the Democratic Republic of Congo, for Presentation of Letters of Credence at the Office of The President, Gaborone".] 9 February 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026 &#x2013; via Facebook.</ref> |- |152 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Mongolia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Mongolia]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |153 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Saint Lucia]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |154 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Tajikistan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Tajikistan]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |155 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Laos.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Laos]] |Morule a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |156 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Maldives.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Maldives]] |Morule a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |157 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Armenia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Armenia]] |Morule a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro<ref>[https://armenpress.am/en/article/1126252 "Diplomatic relations established between Armenia and Botswana".] ''[[:en:Armenpress|Armenpress]]''. 14 December 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |158 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of The Gambia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[The Gambia]] |Tlhakole a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/bwpresidency/p/C3S5SkFNZDZ/?img_index=1 "President Masisi recieves &#x5B;sic&#x5D; letters of credence from ambassador designates".] ''bwpresidency''. 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |159 |[[Setshwantsho:Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Bolivia]] |Phatwe a rogwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone |- |160 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Turkey.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Uzbekistan]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.tengritimes.com/en/post/uzbekistan-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-another-african-country-botswana "Uzbekistan establishes diplomatic relations with another African country - Botswana".] ''Times Tenrgi''. 26 September 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |161 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Liechtenstein]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.llv.li/serviceportal2/amtsstellen/stabstelle-regierungskanzlei/rechenschaftsbericht-2024.pdf "Landtag, Regierung und Gerichte 2024"] (PDF) (in German). 2025. p.&nbsp;153.</ref> |- |162 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Kyrgyzstan]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1063928925778499&id=100064842032316&_rdr "Botswana and Kyrgyz Republic establish diplomatic relations".] ''Ministry of International Relations, Botswana on Facebook''. 5 March 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |163 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Oman.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Oman]] |Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |164 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Turkmenistan]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |165 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Kazakhstan]] |Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le botlhano |- |166 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Azerbaijan]] |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |167 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Cape Verde]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome mabedi le borataro<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/Presidencia.cv/posts/pfbid02pbCw2AhzDQwXmCuRaA6VwH5s23rDvgJ2B25jsnAdgBrWz7T1QYTJvxUVS3xvnjKyl "PR recebe Cartas Credenciais da nova Embaixadora de Botswana".] ''Presidência da República de Cabo Verde'' (in Portuguese). 25 February 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026.</ref> |- |168 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of El Salvador.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[El Salvador]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro |- |169 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Moldova.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Moldova]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro |- |170 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Bahrain.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Bahrain]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro<ref>[https://www.bna.bh/en/BahrainBotswanaestablishdiplomaticrelations.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2bDpZCGkNlmsjjveUvx%2fDgvs4%3d "Bahrain, Botswana establish diplomatic relations".] ''Bahrain News Agency''. 30 June 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |} == Botsalano gareng ga mafatshe a mabedi == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Lefatshe !Tshimologo ya botsalano !Dintlha |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Australia]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro | *Lefatshe la [[Australia]] le amogetswe ke la Botswana go tswa kwa ofising ya boemedi kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)]], [[Aforika Borwa]], ka |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[China]] |Firikgong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le botlhano |Mafatshe a mabedi a dirile botsalano ka Firikgong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le botlhano<ref>[https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ "Joint Communique Regarding the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Botswana (MFA People's Republic of China)".]</ref> Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le China]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Beijing * Lefatshe la China le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Greece (1970–1975).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Greece]] |Moranang a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi |Mafatshe o o mabedi a dirile botsalano ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome<ref>[https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1486125?ln=en "Diplomatic relations between Greece and Botswana as of 10 Apr. 1978 (UN Digital Library)".] 10 April 1978.</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke la Greece go dirisa diofisi kgolo tsa kemedi ya sennela ruri kwa Geneva, Switzerland * Lefatshe la Greece le dumeletswe ke la Botswana go dirisa diofisi tsa kemedi kwa Pretoria, Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://www.mfa.gr/en/bilateral-relations/botswana/ "Greece's Bilateral Relations".]</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of India.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[India]] |Firkgong a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete, amkgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le India]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[New Dehli]] * Lefatshe la India le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Indonesia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Indonesia]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi |Mafatshe a ka bobedi a tlhamile botsalano ka Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobaobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi * Leaftshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke la Indonesia go dirisia diofisi tse di kwa Canberra, Australia<ref>[https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/kedutaan "Missions &#x7C; Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia".]</ref> * Lefatshe al Indonesia le dumeletswe ke la Botswana go dirisa ofisi ya lne e e kwa Pretoria, Aforika Borwa<ref>[https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/kedutaan "Missions &#x7C; Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia".]</ref><ref>[https://kemlu.go.id/pretoria/en "Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia Pretoria Accredited to the Republic of Botswana, Kingdom of Eswatini, and the Kingdom of Lesotho South Africa"].</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Israel.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Israel]] | |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Israel]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke la Israel go nna le diofisi kwa London, United Kingdom * Lefatshe la Israel le dumeletswe ke la Botswana go dirisa diofisi tsa lone kwa Pretoria, Aforika Borwa |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Kenya.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Kenya]] |Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p.&nbsp;83.</ref> |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Kenya]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya moemedi kwa [[Nairobi]] * Lefatshe la Kenya le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Mexico.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Mexico]] |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le botlhano |Mafatshe o o mabedi a dirile botsalano jwa polotiki ka Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le botlhano.<ref>[https://centrogilbertobosques.senado.gob.mx/docs/NI_Nombramientos_Senado_270218.pdf "Nombramientos Diplomáticos De Reciente Ingreso Al Senado De La Republica En Africa,el Caribe Y Europa Page 8]" (PDF). [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/DgAjG Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke la Mexico kwa ofising ya lone kwa Washinton D.C kwa United States le na le ofisi kwa toropo ya Mexico City<ref>[https://www.botswanaembassy.org/ "Welcome to Embassy of the Republic of Botswana in Washington, D.C. | Embassy of the Republic of Botswana in Washington, D.C."] ''botswanaembassy.org''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le dumeletswe ke ofisi ya lone kwa Pretoria Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/sudafrica/ "Inicio".] ''embamex.sre.gob.mx''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Namibia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Namibia]] |Lwetse a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Namibia]] Botsalano jwa Botswana le Namibia ke jwa kutlwano, mafatshe a mabedi a a mabapi a, a dirisana mo go tsa tlhabololo itsholelo. Lefatshe la Botswana le tsere boipuso go tswa mo go la Britain ka Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro. Lefatshe la Namibia le stere boipuso mo go la Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe morago ga ntwa ya molelwane ya Aforika Borwa. * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Windhoek]] * Lefatshe la Namibia le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of North Korea (20-33).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[North Korea]] |Morule a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bone, <ref>[https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf "DPRK Diplomatic Relations"] (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</ref> mme ga emisiwa ka Tlhakole a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=586061304809865&id=148228411926492 "Botswana Severs Ties With Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)"] &#x2013; via Facebook.</ref> |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le North Korea]] |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Oman.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Oman]] |Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano |Bona Botsalano jwa Botswana le Oman Mafatshe a mabedi a dirile botsalano ka Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/MinistryofInternationalAffairsBW/posts/botswana-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-the-sultanate-of-oman-on-14th-oct/1246185160886207/ "Botswana establishes diplomatic relations with the Sultanate of Oman"]. ''Ministry of International Relations, Botswana''. 16 October 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Ka Moranang a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le borataro, tautona [[Duma Boko]] o ne a sireletsa ditumalano le Oman tsa go sekaseka ditswammung, dikago tsa go baya lookwane, le kgothetso.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/botswana-signs-energy-mineral-exploration-deals-with-oman-2026-04-13/ "Botswana signs energy and mineral exploration deals with Oman"]. ''Reuters''. 13 April 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le itsisitse ka maano a lone a go bula ofisi ya boemedi kwa Muscat.<ref>[https://www.fm.gov.om/en/42099/ "Botswana confirms plans to open an embassy in Muscat".] ''Foreign Ministry of Oman''. 13 April 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Russia.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Russia]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a supa |Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Russia]] Lefatshe la Botswana le Soviet Union a ne a tlhama botsalano jwa sepolotiki ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a supa. Le ntswa le utlwana le mafatshe a bophirima, lefatshe la Botswana le ne la tsaya karolo mo metshamekong ya Olympics ya selemo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi. Botsalano jwa gompieno gareng ga mafatshe a mabedi bo supiwa bo le lorato ebile bo tswa bogologolong. Ka Mopitlo, mafatshe a mabedi a ne a ipelela dingwaga di le masome a mararo le botlhano a ntse a utlwana. Go ya ka tona wa mafatshe a sele, lefatshe la Russia ke lengwe la mafatshe a ntlha go nna le botsalano jo bo tletseng jwa sepolotiki le Botswana.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170202131955/http://www.botswana.mid.ru/articles_relations_e_09.html "We Must Exploit Russia's Potential".] Archived from [http://www.botswana.mid.ru/articles_relations_e_09.html the original] on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> Tirisanommogo ya kgwebo le itsholelo gareng ga mafatshe a Russia le Botswana e supiwa ke tumalano ya kgwebo ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa le tumalano ya itsholelo le setegeniki ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi. Puso ya Russian Federation le puso ya Botswana di ne tsa baya monwana tumalano ya ngwao, maranyane le thuto ka Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe. Mafatshe a Russia le Botswana a nnile le tirisanommogo e e duleng maduo mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng, bogolojang mo go tlhabololeng babereki. Lefatshe la Russia le santse le e fa Batswana sebaka sa go ithutela kwa lefatsheng la bone mo dikarolong tsa botlhokwa di tshwana le botsogo, mohama o o itemogelang tlhaelo ya babereki e e kwa godimo. Lefatshe la Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a banni ba Russia ba sa tlhokeng teseletso ya mosepele go ya kwa go lone. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090329052738/http://www.botswana.mid.ru/relations_e.html "Botswana-Russia relations".] Archived from [http://www.botswana.mid.ru/relations_e.html the original] on 29 March 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref>Lefatshe la Russia le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone, fa la Botswana le le ka fa tlase ga ofisi e e kwa Stockholm (Sweden) le ofisi kwa Moscow. |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Africa.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Aforika Borwa]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bone |Mafatshe a ka bobedi jwa one a dirile notsalano jwa sepolotiki ka Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bone. Bona [[Botsalano jwa Botswana le Aforika Borwa]] * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)]] le mookamedi wa kakaretso kwa [[Cape Town]] le [[Johannesburg]] * Lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le na le ofisi ya kemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Korea.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[South Korea]] |Moranang a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi |Go tlhamiwa ga botsalano jwa sepolotiki gareng ga Republic of Korea le Republic of Botswana go simologile ka Moranang a robabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/view.do?seq=133 "Countries & Regions (MFA Republic of Korea)".]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso palo ya batho ba South korea ba ba neng ba nna kwa Botswana e ne e le lekgolo, masome a marataro le boraro.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150904015758/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/middleeast/countries/20070804/1_24503.jsp?menu=m_30_50 "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Middle East and Africa"]. 4 September 2015. Archived from [http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/middleeast/countries/20070804/1_24503.jsp?menu=m_30_50 the original] on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone, puso ya Botswana e ne e lemoga ROK e le yone puso ya Korea ya nnete.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150106001946/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Ministry-of-Foreign-Affairs-and-International-Cooperation/News/BOTSWANA-CUT-TIES-WITH-NORTH-KOREA/ "Botswana Cuts Ties with North Korea".] ''gov.bw''. Ministry of [[:en:Politics_of_Botswana|Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]]. 20 February 2014. Archived from [https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Ministry-of-Foreign-Affairs-and-International-Cooperation/News/BOTSWANA-CUT-TIES-WITH-NORTH-KOREA/ the original] on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Turkey.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Turkey]] |Firikgong a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso<ref>[https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1636698?ln=en "Diplomatic relations between Botswana and Turkey as of 20 Jan. 1981 (UN Digital Library)".] 20 January 1981.</ref> | * Kemedi ya sennela ruri ya Botswana kwa ofising ya UN kwa Geneva e tlhomamisitswe ke Turkey. * Lefatshe la Turkey le na le ofisi ya kemedi kwa Gaborone<ref name=":2">[https://www.mfa.gov.tr/default.en.mfa Relations between Turkey and Botswana".]</ref> * Madi a kgwebo gareng ga mafatshe o o mabedi e ne e le didikadike di le pedi ka ngwag wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabongwe.<ref name=":2" /> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[United Kingdom]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro |[[Setshwantsho:Foreign Secretary visits Botswana (6886371565).jpg|thumb|Mokwaledi wa mafatshe a sele William Hague kwa Botswana, Tlhakole ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi]]Lefatshe la Botswana le simolotse botsalano le tirisanommogo le la [[United Kingdom]] ka Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robbaongwe, masome a marataro le borataro.<ref name=":1" /> * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya kemedi kwa Lontone.<ref>Diplomat Magazine (4 September 2017). "[https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/africa/botswana/ Botswana"]. ''Diplomat Magazine''. Archived from the original on 13 May 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Lefatshe la United Kingdom le dirisana mmogo le la Botswana ka ofisi ya kemedi kwa Gaborone.<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-gaborone "British High Commission Gaborone".] ''[[:en:Gov.uk|GOV.UK]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240506171421/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-gaborone Archived] from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> Lefatshe la UK le ne le eteletse pele la Botswana go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro, fa le tsaya boipuso. Mafatshe a ka bobedi ke maloko a mafatshe a selekanye, kgotlatshekelo ya mafatshefatshe ya molao, le lekgotla la go gweba ga mafatshe, ga mmogo le tumalano ya kopano ya itsholelo ya SACUM-UK.<ref>Bavier, Joe (11 September 2019). "[https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-africa-trade-idUKKCN1VW1N5 Britain agrees post-Brexit trade deal with southern Africa]". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> Mafatshe a ka bobedi jwa one a na le bokopano jwa go kgetha gabedi.<ref>[[:en:HM_Revenue_and_Customs|HM Revenue and Customs]] (3 February 2014). "[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/botswana-tax-treaties Botswana: tax treaties]". ''GOV.UK''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171729/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/botswana-tax-treaties Archived] from the original on 8 April 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[USA]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a maratyaro le borataro<ref>[https://history.state.gov/countries/botswana "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Botswana"].</ref> |Bona [[Botsalano jwa mafatshe a Botswana le United States]][[Setshwantsho:Embassy of Botswana, Washington, D.C..jpg|thumb|Ofisi ya Botswana kwa [[Washington, D.C.]]]]Lefatshe la United States le bona la Botswana e le mmueledi gape e le sekao sa go ritibala mo [[Aferika|Aforika]], le tswa kgakala le berekisana le la Botswana mo ditlhabololong fa e sale ka boipuso. U.S Peace corps ba ne ba boela Botswana ka Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi ka maikaelelo a go dira mananeo a a lebaganeng le HIV/AIDS morago ga go fetsa dingwaga tse di masome mararo a go thusa mo go tsepameng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa.Ka mo go tshwanang, USAID e ne ya emisa bokopano jwa sebaka se seleele le Botswana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borataro, morago ga mananeo a a atlegileng a thuto, katiso, kgwebo, go okamela tikologo, le botsogo jwa pelegi. Lefatshe la Botswana, le fa go ntse jalo, lone le mafatshe a a mabapi, le tswelela ka go anywa mo lenaneong la USAID la borwa jwa Aforika, le jaanong le leng kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)]], le ofisi ya go phadisana ga borwa jwa Aforika ya USAID e diofisikgolo tsa yone di leng kwa Gaborone. Lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la United States la babega dikgang le na le setaitane sa Voice of America mo Botswana le le thusang bontsi jwa mafatshe a a mo Aforika. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano, lekgotla le le laolang malwetsi la CDC le ne la simolola porojeke ya BOTUSA le kopane le lephata la [[botsogo mo Botswana]] go ntsha dintlha go tokafatsa maiteko a go laola kgotlholo e tona mo Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe ka nako ya fa kgotlholo e tona le HIV/AIDS di tlhasetse. Ka nako ya lenaneo la ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe la boeteledipele jwa U.S mo go lwantsheng segajaja, CDC ka BOTUSA e ne ya dira diporojeke tse dintsi gape e thusitse makgolta a mantsi mo go lwantsheng HIV/AIDS mo Botswana. Lefatshe la Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a a lesome le botlhano a lenaneo la ga tautona la tshoganyetso go lwantsha HIV, le amogetse didikadike tsa di dolara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mararo fa e sale lenaneo leo le simolola ka Firikgong ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone go tsena Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa. Thuso ya PEPFAR kwa Botswana, e e neng e le madi otlhe a a kanang ka didikadike di le masome a supa le borataro kwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa, le thusa go thibela, go alafa le go tlhokomela balwetse ba HIV/AIDS. Puso ya Botswana le ya United States ba stene mo tumalanong ka Phukwi ngwag wa dikete pedi go tlhama sekolo sa katisetso molao kwa Gaborone. Sekolo se, se dipuso tse di pataganetseng go ntsha madi a sone le go se okamela, se katisa mapodisi le matona a puso mo Aforika. Dikago tsa sekolo di kwa Otse, kwa ntle ga Gaborone, se bustwe ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro. Batho ba molao ba ka nna dikete tharo mo Aforika ba katisitswe mo sekolong se fa se sale se simolola go ruta ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le motso. * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Washington, D.C.]] * Lefatshe la United States le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Zimbabwe]] |Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro |Mafatshe a ka bobedi a nnile le tirisanommogo ka Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro.<ref>''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p.&nbsp;103.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le santse le sokola ka go tswala molelwane, le tswalela dikete tsa batho ba Zimbabwe ba ba tshabang go phutlhama ga itsholelo le pogiso ya sepolotiki. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, batho ba Zimbabwe ba le dikete di le masome mabedi le bobedi ba ne ba tshwarwa ba bo ba busediwa gae. Dipalo tsa batho ba ba buseditsweng gae di ne tsa oketsega go nna dikete di le masome mabedi le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>Dube, Mqondisi (14 August 2019). [https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_botswana-battles-influx-zimbabwean-illegal-immigrants/6173868.html "Botswana Battles Influx of Zimbabwean Illegal Immigrants"]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya kemedi kwa [[Harare]] * Lefatshe la Zimbabwe le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Gaborone]] |} == Botswana le FOSS == Lefatshe la Botswana le sale le nna leloko la bokopano jwa mafatshe a mannye (Forum of Small States) fa setlhopha seo se tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a obabongwe le bobedi.<ref>''50 Years of Singapore and the United Nations''. World Scientific. 2015. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-981-4713-03-0|978-981-4713-03-0]]</bdi>.access-date=13 July 2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Dithomo tsa botsalano jwa sepolotiki mo Botswana]] * [[Dithomo tsa botsalano jwa sepolotiki tsa Botswana]] == Metswedi == japxcqcqnqk0gm3pt2s9m3yot8gmmhd 0 14824 54595 53746 2026-09-08T06:57:47Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54595 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:LSConfluence.jpg|thumb|Go kopana ga dinoka tsa Shashe le Limpopo]] '''Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area''' (GMTFCA) ke lefelola ngwao la [[Transfrontier Conservation Area]] (TFCA), eo pele e neng e tsejwa e le [[Limpopo -Shashe|Limpopo]] [[Limpopo -Shashe|-Shashe]] Transfrontier Conservation Area. == Ditso == === Go tlhomiwa === Ka thuso ya [[Peace Parks Foundation,]] [[De Beers]], National Parks Trust le WWF-SA, SANParks e kopantse karolo e e botlhokwa ya seabe sa Aforika Borwa mo TFCA e e tshisintsweng. Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro lefelo la setso la Mapungubwe le ne la begwa fa ele Lefelo la Ngwao-Boswa jwa Lefatshe la UNESCO. [[Mapungubwe National Park]] e ne ya bulwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le masome a mabedi le bone ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170822133657/http://mopanebushlodge.co.za/attractions/mapungubwe-national-park/ "Attractions – Mapungubwe National Park".] ''Mopane Bush Lodge''. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017.</ref>Ditumelano tsa go tlhaloganya ka ga go tlhomiwa ga TFCA o di ne tsa bewa menawna ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le masome a mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro mme go ne ga tlhomiwa mogokaganyi wa boditšhabatšhaba. <ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180831133648/http://www.peaceparks.org/tfca.php?pid=19&mid=1003 "Greater Mapungubwe".] ''[[:en:Peace_Parks_Foundation|Peace Parks Foundation]]''. Archived from the original on 2018-08-31. Retrieved 2016-06-19.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe, Limpopo/Shashe TFCA e ne ya fetolwa leina go nna Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160630072729/http://www.peaceparks.org/news.php?pid=1096&mid=801&lid=1003 Limpopo/Shashe renamed Greater Mapungubwe TFCA".] ''[[:en:Peace_Parks_Foundation|Peace Parks Foundation]]''. Archived from the original on 30 June 2016.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi go ne ga bonwa dilo tsa bogologolo mo polaseng ya Klein Bolayi, kwa botlhaba jwa Mapungubwe National Park, go netefatsa gore Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape e atologa go ya kwa botlhaba kgotsa kwa tlase ga noka go bapa le Limpopo Valley, le go netefatsa bonno jwa batho mo kgaolong eo dingwaga tse di fetang sekete le makgolo a matlhano<ref name=":0" /> Lefelo le Legolo la Tshomarelo la Mapungubwe le le kgabaganyang melelwane, le gone jaanong le ntseng le tlhabololwa, le tla akaretsa kgaolo ya 4 872 km2 mme 28% (1 350 km2) ya lone e tla nna kwa Botswana mme 53% e nngwe (2 561 km2) e tla nna kwa Afrika Borwa mme 19% e e setseng (960 km2) e tla nna kwa Zimbabwe. Lefelo leno le botlhokwa thata ka ntlha ya mabaka a go le sireletsa. Go na le mefuta ya ditshedi jaaka tlou, tau, nkwe, cheetah, ntša e e tlhaga; mmogo le diamudi di le lesome le borobabongwe, mefuta ya dimela e le masome a mabedi le borataro le palo e e lekaneng ya mefuta ya dinonyane e e kwadisitsweng mo bukeng e khibidu ya tshedimosetso.<ref name=":0" /> Go okediwa ga lefelo, tshireletso le maiteko a a kopaneng a a tlametsweng ka go tlhomiwa ga GMTFCA go thusa thata mo tshireletsong ya mefuta e e fitlhelwang mo lefelong leno. Dipopego tsa naga tse di kgatlhisang le dipharologano mo teng ga GMTFCA di dira gore e nne lefelo le lentle thata la tlholego la Borwa jwa Aforika, mme se se oketsang seno ke mafelo a ngwao-boswa, a a oketsang bokgoni jwa GMTFCA jwa go ngoka palo e kgolo ya bajanala ba selegae le ba boditšhabatšhaba. <ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20251207004134/https://notugre.com/home/gmtfca "Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area (GMTFCA)".] ''Northern Tuli Game Reserve''. Archived from the original on 7 December 2025.</ref> == Aforika Borwa == [[Setshwantsho:Mapungubwe, Limpopo, South Africa (20543994385).jpg|thumb|Lefelo le le tletseng makhubu la Mapungubwe National Park]] Seabe sa Aforika Borwa mo kgaolong ya tshomarelo ya molelwane se akaretsa kgaolo ya konokono ya Mapungubwe National Park mmogo le Venetia Limpopo Nature Reserve. Kgato ya bobedi ya porojeke e ikaelela go akaretsa palo e e okeditsweng ya ditsha go akaretsa Limpopo Valley Conservancy e e tshisintsweng, [[Mapesu Private Game Reserve,]] Mogalakwena Game Reserve e e tshisintsweng, Vhembe Game Reserve gammogo le dipolase tse di potlana tsa poraefete. Sebaka se se atlanegisitsweng ke diheketara di le 256,100 kgotsa 53% ya kgaolo yotlhe ya Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area. <ref name=":1" /> == Botswana == Seabe sa Botswana mo Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area se akaretsa Northern Tuli Game Reserve, e e nang le ditsha di le masome a mararo le boratarotse di nang le beng ba tsone<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161218194514/http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-southafrica.net-greater-mapungubwe-transfrontier-conservation-area "Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area"]. ''South African Tourism''. Archived from the original on 18 December 2016.</ref> tse di akaretsang kgaolo ya diheketara di le 71,173. Mo kgatong ya bobedi, go solofetswe gore kgaolo eno e oketsege ka bogolo ka go akaretsa Central Tuli Farms le Shashe CCA e e solofetsweng. Mo godimo ga moo, kgaolo e e simololang kwa toropong ya Mathathane North go ya kwa Kobojango le go ya kwa Nokeng ya Shashe le yone e tla nna karolo ya GMTFCA. Ka kakaretso go solofetswe gore seabe sa Botswana mo TFCA e tla nna 135,000 ha, e e ka nnang 28% ya kgaolo yotlhe ya Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area. <ref name=":1" /> == Zimbabwe == Sentinel Ranch, Nottingham Estate le Tuli Circle Safari Area di dira seabe sa [[Zimbabwe]] mo GMTFCA. Mo kgatong ya bobedi, Maramani, Machuchuta mmogo le Hwali Wildlife Management Areas le tsona di ka akarediwa, go atolosa bogolo jwa seabe sa Zimbabwe mo Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area go fitlha go diheketara di le dikete tse masome a robabongwe le borataro kgotsa bokana ka 19% ya kgaolo yotlhe ya phaka. <ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == m2t3dp5k23glmp69r4zgf2k0uwgog27 0 14945 54577 54491 2026-09-07T19:28:21Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54577 wikitext text/x-wiki === '''Ugali''' === Ugali gape e itsiwe jaaka posho, nsima, papa, pap, bogobe, sadza, isitshwala, akume, amawe, ewokple, akple, le maina a mangwe, ke mofuta wa dijo tsa mmidi tse di dirilweng ka mmidi kgotsa bupi jwa mahindi mo dinageng di le mmalwa tsa [[Aforika]]: [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[South Sudan]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Zambia]], [[Lesotho]], [[Eswatini]], [[Angola]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Rwanda]], Malawi, [[Botswana]] le [[Aforika Borwa]], le kwa Aforika Bophirima ke Ewes ya [[Togo]], Ghana, Benin, Nigeria le Ivory Coast. E apewa mo metsing a a belang kgotsa mashi go fitlha e nna thata kgotsa e nna thata e tshwana le boupe. Ka 2017, sejana se ne sa tsenngwa mo Lenaaneng la UNESCO la Ngwao-Boswa jwa Setso jwa Batho, e le sengwe sa dijo di le mmalwa mo lenaaneng.<ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49714037</ref> == Maina == Sejo se se jewa thata go ralala Afrika, koo se nang le maina a a farologaneng a selegae: == Puo e e Tlholegang == Lefoko ugali ke lefoko la Seaforika le le tswang mo puong ya Seswahili; gape le itsiwe thata e le nsima mo dipuong tsa kwa [[Malawi]] tse di jaaka Se-Chichewa le Se-Chitumbuka. Kwa dikarolong dingwe tsa [[Kenya]], sejo seno se bidiwa sembe kgotsa ugali. Kwa [[Zimbabwe]] e itsege jaaka sadza ka Chishona kgotsa isitshwala ka SeNdebele. Leina la Afrikaans (mielie) pap le tswa mo SeDutch, mo lefoko le le rayang "mofoka wa mmidi". [[Setshwantsho:Night_ugali.jpg|thumb| Basadi ba Yawo ba baakanyetsa kopano e kgolo ya ugali]] Ugali e ne ya tlisiwa mo Aforika ka bonako fela morago ga gore Bapotokisi ba tlise mmidi. Mmidi o ne wa tlisiwa mo Aforika go tswa kwa Amerika mo lekgolong la bo16 le la bo17 la dingwaga. Pele ga moo, sorghum le millet e ne e le dijo tsa ditlhaka tsa konokono mo dikarolong tse dintsi tsa Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara. Balemirui ba Afrika ba ne ba amogela mmidi ka bonako ka gonne o ne o lengwa ka tsela e e tshwanang le ya sorghum mme o ntsha thobo e ntsi thata. Kgabagare, mmidi o ne wa emisetsa sorghum jaaka sejalo se segolo sa dithoro mo dikgaolong tsotlhe kwantle ga tse di omeletseng. Go emisediwa ka botlalo ga dijalo tseno ka mmidi go diragetse mo sephatlong sa bobedi sa lekgolo la bo 20 la dingwaga. Kwa [[Malawi]], ba na le seane se se reng "chimanga ndi moyo" se se rayang gore "mmidi ke botshelo". Nshima/nsima e santse e dirwa ka dinako dingwe go tswa mo foloureng ya sorghum le fa gone go sa tlwaelega go e bona. Cassava, e le yone e neng ya tlisiwa go tswa kwa Amerika, e ka dirisiwa go dira nshima/nsima, e le yosi fela kgotsa e kopantswe le bupi jwa mmidi. Kwa Malawi nsima e e dirilweng ka cassava (chinangwa) e fitlhelwa fela mo mafelong a a fa lotshitshing lwa letsha; le fa go ntse jalo, fa thobo ya mmidi e le kwa tlase, cassava nsima e ka fitlhelwa mo nageng yotlhe.<ref name=":1">https://mg.co.za/news/africa/2022-05-27-africa-month-a-taste-of-the-cuisine-the-continent-has-to-offer/</ref> == Mefuta == === Dinoka tse kgolo tsa Aforika === Ugali (fa e apeilwe jaaka mmidi, e bidiwa uji) e jewa le ditapole tse di botshe, dipanana tse di buduleng, ditapole tsa Se-Ireland tota le senkgwe. Ugli o o tiileng gantsi o jewa le merogo ya setso, setofo kgotsa sukuma wiki (e e itsegeng gape ka leina la collard greens). Ke setatšhe se se tlwaelegileng se se tlhagelelang mo dijong tsa selegae tsa kgaolo ya African Great Lakes le Borwa jwa Aforika. Fa ugali e dirilwe ka setatšhe se sengwe, gantsi e fiwa leina le le rileng la kgaolo. Mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng wa go ja ugali (e bile e tlwaelegile thata kwa metseselegaeng) ke go o mena ka seatla sa moja o bo o o dira kgwele mme o bo o o ina mo motsweding kgotsa mo setlhatshaneng sa merogo kgotsa nama. Go dira kgogomodumo ka monwana go letla ugali go sela, le go phuthela dikarolwana tsa nama go di phutha ka tsela e e tshwanang le e senkgwe se se sephaphathi se dirisiwang ka yone mo ditsong tse dingwe. Ugali e e setseng e ka jewa le tee mo mosong o o latelang.<ref name=":2">https://nation.africa/kenya/health/no-gm-foods-are-not-the-same-as-fortified-foods-5118680</ref> [[Ugali]] ga e je madi a mantsi mme ka jalo e bonwa motlhofo ke batho ba ba humanegileng, ba gantsi ba e kopanya le nama kgotsa merogo e e gadikilweng (sekao, sukuma wiki kwa Kenya) go dira dijo tse di monate. Ugali e motlhofo go e dira, mme fa e dirilwe ka tsela e e tlwaelegileng, bupi jwa yone bo kgona go nna lobaka lo loleele. [[Setshwantsho:Tuo_zaafi.jpg|thumb| ''Tuo zaafi'']] [[Setshwantsho:A_woman_stirring_TZ.jpg|thumb| Mosadi a tlhotlheletsa ''sagtulga'']] [[Setshwantsho:Tuo_Zaafi_and_ayoyo_soup.jpg|thumb| Sopo ya ''Tuo zaafi'' le ''ya ayoyo'']] Sagtulga, kgotsa diehuo, ke sejo se se ratwang thata ke batho ba Ghana. Sagtulga ke sejo se segolo se se jewang se na le sopo e e tshwanang le sopo ya okro. E tlwaelegile thata kwa dikgaolong tse di kwa bokone tsa naga: Bokone, Botlhaba jo bo kwa Godimo, le Bophirima jo bo kwa Godimo. Gantsi sejo seno se jewa ka nako ya dijo tsa maitseboa, le fa go ntse jalo, batho bangwe (sekai, balemirui le badiri) ba se ja ka nako ya dijo tsa mo mosong kgotsa tsa motshegare. Gantsi e jewa le matlhare a Corchorus olitorius (Dagbani: salinvogu, Hausa: ayoyo, molokai) le okro (Abelmoschus esculentus) [citation needed] e e nang le sejo se se apeilweng fa thoko.<ref name=":3">https://www.sbs.com.au/food/article/about-african-food/tmy3dsks2</ref> Sejo seno se dirilwe ka bupi jwa mmidi jo bo apeilweng le bupi jwa cassava jo bo omisitsweng le metsi a a senang letswai. Ka tlwaelo, e apewa ka kgogo ya millet, e e tlholegileng kwa bokone jwa Ghana. E jewa thata le sopo ya merogo e tala e e dirilweng ka matlhare a a bogale, kgotsa ka dinako tse dingwe matlhare a cassava a a sa tswang go thubiwa. E ka jewa le disopo tse di farologaneng, go akaretsa okra le sopo ya matonkomane.<ref name=":2" /> === Kenya === Mo setsong sa Luhya, ke setatšhe se se tlwaelegileng thata, mme gape ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dingwao tsa manyalo tsa Luhya; obusuma e e dirilweng ka millet (e e itsegeng e le obusuma bwo bule) e ne e akarediwa mo dijong tse di monate mo tafoleng e e kwa godimo ya monyadiwa. Obusuma gape e ka dirwa go tswa mo ditumong tse dingwe jaaka sorghum kgotsa cassava (obusuma bwo 'muoko). Obusuma gantsi e jewa le tsimboka, kgotsa etsiswa, eliani (merogo), inyama (nama), inyeni (tlhapi), thimena (whitebait) kgotsa omrere (matlhare a jute). Mo baeng ba ba tlotlegang, gantsi se jewa ka ingokho (koko).<ref name=":1" /> [[Setshwantsho:Eating_Ugali_in_Kenya.jpg|thumb| Go ja ugali kwa Kenya]] Ugali e dirwa ka mmidi o mosweu o o sitsweng, fela jaaka go dirwa tamales ka mmidi o o serolwana kwa Amerika Bogare. Mo malapeng a le mantsi ugali ke yone e jewang thata, mme e jewa le merogo kgotsa nama. Mo malapeng a a humileng, kgotsa ka dinako tse di kgethegileng, ugali e jewa le merogo e mentsi e e monate le nama e e tsentsweng motswako o o monate. E tshwana le mosumo wa ditapole o o jewang mo magaeng a kwa Amerika. Kwa Kenya, motho o tshwara sekotwana sa ugali e e bokete mo seatleng a bo a gatelela monwana wa gagwe mo gare go dira leswana le le tla dirisediwang go tlhafuna sejana sa selefera se se jewang. Le fa gone menwana e ka nna ya tlhakatlhakana fa go dirisiwa mokgwa ono, tsela eno ya go ja dijo e botlhokwa thata mo lefelong leno.<ref name=":3" /> === Malawi, Zambia === [[Setshwantsho:Nsima_Relishes.JPG|thumb| Nsima ( kwa godimo ka letsogo la moja) ke dijo tse tharo]] Nsima ke sejo se se dirilweng ka bupi jwa mmidi (bupi jwa mmidi jo bosweu) le metsi mme ke sejo sa konokono kwa [[Zambia]] (nsima/ubwali) le Malawi (nsima). Folouru ya mmidi e bedisiwa pele ka metsi go dira boupe, mme, kwa Zambia, e tlogelwa go gadika metsotso e le mmalwa pele e 'tlhakangwa', go dira sere se se bokete ka go tlaleletsa ka folouru e ntsi. Tsamaiso e e tlhoka gore modiri a goge motswako o o bokima mo letlhakoreng la pitsa ka leswana la logong ka bonako fa o ntse o dutse mo godimo ga molelo. Fa e setse e apeilwe, e a kgaoganngwa ka go dirisa leswana la logong le polasetiki le le inetsweng mo metsing kgotsa le le tshasitsweng ka oli le le bidiwang chipande (kwa Malawi) le chipampa (kwa Zambia). Kwa Malawi nngwe le nngwe ya dikarolo tseno e bidiwa ntanda. Folouru ya mmidi e bedisiwa pele ka metsi go dira mmidi,[1] mme, kwa [[Zambia]], e tlogelwa go gadika metsotso e le mmalwa pele e 'tlhakangwa', go dira sere se se bokete ka go tlaleletsa ka folouru e ntsi. Tsamaiso e e tlhoka gore modiri a goge motswako o o bokima mo letlhakoreng la pitsa ka leswana la logong (nthiko kwa Malawi, kwa Zambia) ka bonako fa o ntse o dutse mo godimo ga molelo. Fa e setse e apeilwe, e a kgaoganngwa ka go dirisa leswana la logong le polasetiki le le inetsweng mo metsing kgotsa le le tshasitsweng ka oli le le bidiwang chipande (kwa Malawi) le chipampa (kwa Zambia). Kwa Malawi nngwe le nngwe ya dikarolo tseno e bidiwa ntanda. Nako le nako Nsima e jewa mmogo le dijo tse dingwe, tse di itsegeng e le "relish". Tseno e ka nna di-mushroom jaaka kabansa, tente, chitondo, le ichikolowa; metswedi ya poroteine jaaka nama ya phologolo, nama ya kgomo, nama ya kgomo, tlhapi, matonkomane, chikanda, dinawa; le merogo jaaka matlhare a mokolane, matlhare a dinawa, mae a tshingwana a masweu a a itsegeng jaaka impwa kwa Zambia (seno ke maungo a mannye a a bopegileng jaaka solanum a masweu), matlhare a amarante, matlhare a mosetara, khabetšhe. Kwa Zambia, dijo tse di jewang di bidiwa ndiyo ka Se-Nyanja/Se-Chewa le umunani ka Se-Bemba. Ndiwo kwa Malawi e kaya dijo tsa poroteine mme tse di nang le merogo tsone di bidiwa masamba. Dijo tse di nang le poroteine gantsi di jewa di gadikilwe kgotsa di apeilwe jaaka sejo se se modumo. Kwa Malawi le Zambia, gantsi nsima e jewa le tlhapi e e omisitsweng (utaka, Malawi) kgotsa merogo e e omisitsweng. Dipepere tse di bolelo kgotsa ditswaiso tse di jaaka di-hot pepper sauce tse di itiretsweng mo gae tse di tswang kwa peri-peri kgotsa Kambuzi chili peppers kgotsa di-chilli sauce tse di rekisiwang jaaka Nali Sauce gantsi di jewa le dijo tsa nshima Ka tlwaelo, batho ba ba jang ba nna go dikologa tafole kgotsa fa fatshe go dikologa dijo. Ba ba jang ba tshwanetse go tlhapa diatla ka gore nshima/nsima e jewa ka diatla fela. Seno se dirwa ka mogopo wa metsi. Mo boemong jwa moo, mong wa ntlo kana mongwe wa basha ba ba leng teng o tshela metsi a a tswang mo nkgwaneng mo sejaneng a a tshela mo diatleng tsa bagolwane kana tsa baeng. Motho o ja ka go tsenya kgolokwe e nnye mo seatleng sa moja, a e pitikolola gore e nne kgwele a bo a e ina mo go yone. Go dirisa monwana o mogolo wa moja go tsenya kgwele ya nshima ke mokgwa o o dirisiwang ke batho ba ba jang kwa nshima ba ba nang le maitemogelo gore ba kgone go tlhapa monate wa sejo seo motlhofo. Kwa Zambia, umuto (puo ya Se-Bemba) e kaya go rotha/mogote/sese ya dijo tse di tsentsweng fa thoko kgotsa mofufutso; mme tiro ya go kgetla selekanyo se se lekaneng sa one ka bolo ya nshima e bidiwa inkondwa. Polelwana e e reng, "umuto wankondwa" fa e ranolwa fela e raya "sose e e dirang gore go nne le inkondwa". Fela jaaka go ntse ka dingwao di le dintsi tsa Seaforika, dingwaga di botlhokwa thata. Go tlhapa pele ga dijo, go ja, le go tlhapa morago ga dijo gantsi go simololwa ke motho yo mogolo go ba feta botlhe, go latelwa ke ba bangwe botlhe ka go latelana go ya ka dingwaga tsa bone. Nsima e tlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase e bile e ka kgona go duelwa ke bontsi jwa batho, le fa gone ka dinako tse dingwe ditlhwatlhwa di ile tsa tlhatloga ka ntlha ya go tlhaela ga dijo, e leng se se dirileng gore ikonomi le dipolotiki di se ka tsa tlhomama.<ref>https://www.sbs.com.au/food/article/about-african-food/tmy3dsks2</ref> === Nigeria === Kwa Nigeria, akamu, ogi kgotsa koko di tshwana le pudding ya Amerika. E bidiwa "pap" mo Seesemaneng sa kwa Nigeria. Ogi/akamu kwa Nigeria gantsi e jewa mmogo le "moin moin", pudding ya dinawa, kgotsa "akara", e leng kuku ya dinawa. Gape go na le mofuta o o motona, o Ba-Yoruba ba o bitsang eko mme Ba-Igbos bone ba o bitsa agidi. Puding e apewa mo molelong o o mogote go fitlha e nna thata. Ka tlwaelo e phuthetswe ka matlhare ka leina la botanical Thaumatococcus daniellii. Ba Yoruba ba e bitsa ewe eran fa Ba Igbos ba e bitsa akwukwo elele.[ Gantsi e jewa mmogo le disopo tsa merogo le disoso tse di farologaneng e le dijo tse di motlhofo kgotsa e ka jewa le dinawa kgotsa dilo tse dingwe tse di tswang mo go tsone. Pap gape e itsiwe jaaka mieliepap (Seaforikanse for maize porridge) mo [[Aforika Borwa]], ke porridge ya setso e e tshwanang le polenta le dijo tsa motheo tsa batho ba [[Aforika Borwa]] ya Aforika (lefoko la Sejakolobe pap le tserwe go tswa go Sedutch mme le kaya fela "porridge") e e dirilweng go tswa go mielie-meal (mmidi o o silweng ka bokete). Dijo tse dintsi tsa setso tsa [[Aforika Borwa]] di akaretsa pap, jaaka mmidi o o borethe wa mmidi (o gape o bidiwang slap pap kgotsa soft porridge), pap e e nang le boteng jo bo tseneletseng jo bo ka tshwarwang mo seatleng (stywe pap kgotsa firm porridge) le phuthu pap e e omileng e e phatlogang (Seaforikanse: krummelpap). Dijo tsa Phuthu gantsi di fitlhelwa mo mafelong a a gaufi le lotshitshi lwa Aforika Borwa. Go ka dirisiwa mefuta e e farologaneng ya dijo tse di monate tse di dirilweng ka merogo e metala, e e tsentsweng motswako wa chili. MaAforika Borwa a kwa dikarolong tse di kwa bokone tsa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba e ja jaaka sejo sa mo mosong, ka mashi, botoro, le sukiri, mme gape ba e ja le nama le tomate e e apeilweng (gantsi tamati le onion) mo dijong tse dingwe. Fa ba ja braai, bogobe kgotsa stywe (e e thata) pap e e nang le motswako o o monate jaaka tamati le onion kgotsa mushroom ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo. Phutu pap ka tlwaelo e jewa le boerewors, motswako oo moragonyana o neng wa itsege jaaka pap en wors (o gape o bidiwang "pap en vleis", o o ka akaretsang nama e nngwe e e gadikilweng kgotsa e e gadikilweng). Kwa Cape Province ya Aforika Borwa, e bonwa e le dijo tsa sefitlholo fela. E re ka dijo tsa mielie di sa je madi a mantsi, batho ba ba humanegileng ba di ja le merogo. E ka jewa e le mogote kgotsa e ka gadikwa fa e sena go tsidifala. Phutu porridge ka dinako dingwe e jewa le chakalaka jaaka sejo se se fa thoko le braais. Kwa diporofenseng tsa bokone pap gantsi e boleta mme e dirwa ka go dirisa bupi jwa mmidi jo bo bedisitsweng, jo bo thibelang pap go senyega ka bonako ka gore diporofenseng tsa bokone go mogote go feta kwa borwa. Uphuthu ke mokgwa wa Aforika Borwa wa ho pheha mielie-meal eo ka yona sehlahiswa sa ho qetela e leng dijo tse nang le sebopeho se setle se kang sa koro e teteaneng e atisang ho jewa le meroho le nama, KwaZulu-Natal le Eastern Cape dibakeng tsa Aforika Borwa kapa e le naledi ya sejana le amasi kapa maas dibakeng tsa Gauteng. Ditso dingwe di tswakanya sukiri le uphuthu le amasi go dira dijo tse di botshe tse di tshwanang le mabele; le fa go ntse jalo, mmidi o o dirilweng ka mmidi o jewa fela jaaka amasi. Phuthu kgotsa Uphuthu (/ˈpʊtuː/), e e sa kwalwang sentle jaaka putu kgotsa phutu, ke mokgwa wa tlwaelo wa go apaya dijo tsa mmidi mo dijong tsa Aforika Borwa. Ke mofuta o o phatlogileng kgotsa o o nang le dithoro, o o jewang ke ditlhopha di le dintsi tsa setso mo Aforika Borwa. Phuthu gantsi e jewa le nama, dinawa, sose le mashi a a bedisitsweng. Gantsi tsela e sejo sa uphuthu se bopegileng ka yone le tsela e se dirilweng ka yone ke tsone tse di dirang gore se jewe ka tsela e e rileng. Sekao, amasi kgotsa maas gantsi e apewa ka phuthu e e nang le popego e e bothitho, fa e le gore di-stew le di-curry gantsi di apewa ka mefuta e e nang le popego e e bokete, e sekametse thata mo go nneng le popego e e thata. Phuthu e e bopegileng sentle e na le mokgwa wa go omelela thata (go omelela), go ikaegile ka bokgoni jwa moapei mo go direng sejana. Phuthu e e ntseng jalo e e tlhaelang metsi thata gantsi e ne e jewa mmogo le dijo tse di apeilweng, merogo e e nang le matlhare le dijo tse dingwe tse dintsi tse di monate tse di nang le bongola. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, phuthu e e ntseng jalo e e senang metsi ga e kitla e siamela sejo sa amasi kgotsa maas, ka gonne go e inela kgotsa go e tsenya mo metsing go tla dira gore sejo seo se nne jaaka sephuthelwana, fa amasi yone e tshwanetse go nna e e tlhafunwang.<ref name=":2" /> === Zimbabwe === [[Setshwantsho:People_cooking_Pap_(food)_(Phaleche)_7.jpg|thumb| Monna le mosadi ba apaya sadza kwa [[Botswana]] ( Moletlo wa ngwao [[Domboshaba|wa Domboshaba]] 2017)]] Sadza ka Setswana kgotsa isitshwala ka SeNdebele ke dijo tsa mmidi tse di apeilweng tse e leng dijo tsa motheo kwa Zimbabwe. Sadza e dirwa ka mmidi o o omisitsweng o o silweng sentle/mmidi wa mmidi (mealie-meal). Sejo seno sa mmidi se bidiwa impuphu ka Se-Ndebele kgotsa hupfu ka Se-Shona. Le mororo mmidi e le sejalo se se rekwang kwa Zimbabwe (c. 1890), e setse e le motswedi o mogolo wa dikhabohaetereite e bile e le dijo tse di rategang thata mo bathong ba koo. Batho ba lefelo leo ba reka dijo tseno kwa mabenkeleng kgotsa ba di itirela ka mmidi wa bone. Batho ba kwa Zimbabwe ba rata dijo tsa mmidi o mosweu. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka dinako tsa leuba kgotsa tsa mathata, ba ne ba simolola go ja dijo tse di dirilweng ka mmidi o mohibidu, o ka dinako tse dingwe o bidiwang "Kenya", ka gonne o kile wa bo o rekwa kwa nageng eo. Pele ga mmidi o simolola go tlhagisiwa, sadza e ne e dirwa ka mmidi wa mapfunde. Mo nakong e e sa tswang go feta, basha ba kwa Zimbabwe ba rata go ja raese go na le sadza kgotsa isitshwala. [ Tafadzwa Musarara, Modulasetilo wa Bosetšhaba wa Grain Millers Association of Zimbabwe (GMAZ) o ne a tlhalosa gore setlhopha sa badiri sa mo isagweng se tlile go ja sadza e nnye le raese le borotho jaaka ditsela tse dingwe. Gantsi sadza e jewa ka dijana tse di farologaneng, mme ka tlwaelo sadza e jewa mo mogopong o o kopanetsweng, e leng ngwao e e sa ntseng e tshegediwa ke malapa mangwe segolobogolo kwa metseselegaeng. Ka tlwaelo e jewa ka letsogo la moja ntle le thuso ya didiriswa tsa go ja, gantsi e phuthelwa mo kgwele pele e inelwa mo mefuteng e e farologaneng ya dinoko jaaka sose/gravy, mashi a a tsididi, kgotsa merogo e e gadikilweng.<ref name=":0" /> Dijo tse di itsegeng tse di jewang ka sadza di akaretsa: Nama e bidiwa nyama ka Se-Shona. * [[:en:Red_meat|Red meat]] – includes [[:en:Beef|beef]], [[:en:Mutton|mutton]], goat and [[:en:Game_meat|game meat]] * [[:en:Cow_hoof|Cow hoof]] – mazondo, amanqgina * [[:en:Oxtail|Oxtail]] * Other foods including intestine ([[:en:Tripe|tripe]]), [[:en:Offal|offal]], zvemukati (includes mathumbu, maphaphu, isibindi, utwane, ulusu, umbendeni; in Shona known as matumbu), sun-dried vegetables known as mfushwa and many more * [[:en:White_meat|White meat]] – includes huku – chicken meat, fish * [[:en:Fish_as_food|Fish]] (hove in Shona), including the small dried fish [[:en:Kapenta|kapenta]] * [[:en:Gonimbrasia_belina|Mopane worms/madora]] – edible moth caterpillar * [[:en:Spring_greens|Spring greens]] – known as imibhida in the Ndebele language, muriwo in the Shona language * [[:en:Phaseolus_lunatus|Sugar beans]] – known as nyemba in Shona * [[:en:Cabbage|Cabbage]] * [[:en:Derere|Derere]] – [[:en:Okra|okra]] * ''[[:en:Cleome_gynandra|Cleome gynandra]]'' (ulude in Ndebele)/nyevhe in Shona * [[:en:Pumpkin|Pumpkin]] – leaves known as muboora in Shona * [[:en:Soured_milk|Soured milk]] natural yogurt (known as [[:en:Amasi|amasi]] in Ndebele or [[:en:Nguni_languages|Nguni languages]] in [[:en:South_Africa|South Africa]], mukaka wakakora in [[:en:Shona_language|Shona]], or lacto) * [[:en:Soya_chunks|Soya chunks]] * Soups and stews Dijo tse di tshwanang le tseo ke polenta go tswa kwa bokone jwa Italy, gh'omi go tswa kwa Georgia, le grits go tswa kwa borwa jwa United States. Fufu, e leng dijo tse di dirilweng ka setatšhe tse di tswang kwa Afrika Bophirima le Bogare, le yone e ka dirwa ka bupi jwa mmidi, mme fa go ntse jalo e ka nna ya bidiwa mmidi wa fufu. Kwa Caribbean, dijo tse di tshwanang le tseo ke cou-cou (Barbados), funchi (Curaçao le Aruba), le funjie (Virgin Islands). E itsege jaaka funche mo Puerto Rican cuisine le mayi moulin mo Haitian cuisine. Dijo tse di tshwanang le pap di akaretsa banku, isidudu, le umngqusho. == Ditshwantsho == <gallery> Setshwantsho:Ugali_and_cabbage.jpg|alt=Ugali and cabbage| Ugali le khabetšhe Setshwantsho:Phutu.jpg|alt=Phutu, pictured with tomato-based relish in the foreground| Phutu, a le mo setshwantshong a na le senkgwe se se monate sa ditamati kwa pele Setshwantsho:Goat_Offal.JPG|alt=A meal of sadza (right), greens, and goat offal. The goat's small intestines are wrapped around small pieces of large intestines before cooking.| Dijo tsa sadza (kafa mojeng), merogo le nama ya podi. Mateng a podi a a tshesane a phuthelwa mo dikarolong tse dinnye tsa mala a magolo pele ga a apewa. Setshwantsho:Yawo_food_staples_-_ugali_and_usipa.jpg|alt=Ugali and usipa (small fish), staples of the Yawo people of the African Great Lakes| Ugali le usipa (ditlhapi tse dinnye), ke dijo tsa konokono tsa Ba-Yawo ba ba nnang kwa Metseng e Megolo ya Aforika. </gallery> == Bona gape == * Chapati * Cornmeal * List of African dishes * List of maize dishes * List of porridges * List of soups * Malawian cuisine * Moin moin * Mămăliga * Tuareg food == Metswedi == == Go buisetsa go ya pele == Dibuka tse di latelang, tse di diragalang kwa Zimbabwe, di bua ka batho ba ba jang dijo tsa kwa Zimbabwe, sadza: [[Karolo:Bogobe]] [[Karolo:Ugali]] sr7uwaon9vb3445oiuwgpeqtauodxpp 0 14952 54618 54484 2026-09-08T11:38:34Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54618 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Liliesleaf hut1.jpg|thumb|Phaposi e e ruletsweng ka bojang kwa Polaseng ya Liliesleaf]] '''Polase ya Liliesleaf''', gape e kwalwa e le '''Lilliesleaf''' mme gape e itsege fela jaaka '''Liliesleaf''', ke lefelo le le kwa bokone jwa [[Johannesburg]], Aforika Borwa, le le itsegeng thata ka tiriso ya lone jaaka ntlo e e babalesegileng ya balweladitshwanelo tsa [[African National Congress]] (ANC) ka dingwaga tsa [[Tlhaolele mo Aforika Borwa|tlhaolele]] ka dingwaga tsa bo 1960. Ka 1963, mapodisi a Aforika Borwa a ne a tlhasela polase e, a tshwara baeteledipele le balweladitshwanelo ba ANC ba feta lesome le bobedi, ba morago ba neng ba sekisiwa ka nako ya [[Tsheko ya Rivonia]]. Morago ga bokhutlo jwa tlhaolele, setsha seno se ne sa tsosolosiwa mme sa fetolwa go nna motlobo wa ditso le [[lefelo la boswa jwa bosetšhaba]]. E ne e tswaletswe baeng ka Lwetse 2021, mme go ne go rulagantswe gore e bulwe gape morago ga ngwaga. == Ditso == Ntlo ya polase e mo George Avenue kwa [[Rivonia]], e e kileng ya bo e le lefelo le le kgakala mo motseng, jaanong e le motsethoko o o ka nnang dikilometara di le masome mabedi–masome mabedi le borataro kwa bokone jwa [[Johannesburg]], mo kgaolong ya [[Sandton]]. Ka 1961, setsha seno se ne sa rekwa ke [[Arthur Goldreich]] le [[Harold Wolpe]] ka madi go tswa kwa Mokgatlhong wa Bokomonisi wa Aforika Borwa o o neng o le mo sephiring, go dirisiwa jaaka [[ntlo e e babalesegileng]] ya batshabi ba sepolotiki. Goldreich o ne a nna koo le mosadi wa gagwe wa nako eo e bong Hazel le barwa ba bone ba babedi, e bong Nicholas le Paul. Ka e le Maaforika Borwa a basweu mo lefelong le le beetsweng batho basweu, ga ba a ka ba ngoka kelethoko, mme ba ne ba neelana ka khurumetso go balweladitshwanelo ba bantsho ba ba kgatlhanong le tlhaolele.<ref name=":2">Munro, Kathy (14 September 2021). [https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/liliesleaf-making-case-survival "Liliesleaf – Making a case for survival"]. ''The Heritage Portal''. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi matlhano, 2026.</ref> E ne ya bonwa ka nako e go neng go na le phetogo ya tsepamisomogopolo le maano mo teng ga mokgatlho wa kgololesego, go tswa mo kganelong e e sa direng sepe go ya kwa kgaratlhong e e tlhometseng, fa [[uMkhonto we Sizwe]] (MK) e ne e tlhongwa. Go ise go ye kae Liliesleaf e ne ya nna ntlokgolo ya MK.<ref name=":0">Jackson, Clinton (12 September 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230730111405/https://sahris.sahra.org.za/node/369306 "Gradings: Site Reference: 9/2/228/0221"]. ''[[:en:SAHRA|SAHRA]]''. Archived from [https://sahris.sahra.org.za/node/369306 the original] on 30 July 2023. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi matlhano, 2026.</ref> Moeteledipele wa African National Congress [[Nelson Mandela]] o ne a tlhoka lefelo le le babalesegileng le a neng a ka dira go tswa mo go lone, mme a nna koo ka fa tlase ga boitshupo jo bo tsewang jaaka modiri wa polase yo o bidiwang David Motsamayi, e leng leina la mongwe wa bareki ba gagwe ba pele. Le fa go ntse jalo o ne a tshwarwa kwa [[Howick]] ka Phatwe 1962 ka ditatofatso tse di sa amaneng (go tlhotlheletsa badiri go ngala tiro, le go tswa mo Aforika Borwa ntle le dipampiri tse di amogelesegang tsa mosepele).<ref>[https://www.nelsonmandela.org/news/entry/passports-tell-a-story "Passports tell a story – Nelson Mandela Foundation"]. ''Nelson Mandela Foundation''. 4 March 2008. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi matlhano, 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Meredith, Martin (2010). ''[[iarchive:mandelabiography0000mere|Mandela : a Biography]]''. PublicAffairs. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-832-1|978-1-58648-832-1]]</bdi>. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi matlhano, 2026 &#x2013; via [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]].</ref> Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba kopana mo sephiring kwa Liliesleaf ba ne ba akaretsa [[Walter Sisulu]], [[Govan Mbeki]], [[Ahmed Kathrada]], [[Denis Goldberg]], [[Raymond Mhlaba]], [[Elias Motsoaledi]], [[Andrew Mlangeni]], [[James Kantor]], [[Ruth First]], [[Joe Slovo]], le [[Lionel Bernstein]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081225182915/http://liliesleaf.co.za/pb_what_happened.php "What happened at Liliesleaf Farm?".] ''Liliesleaf''. Archived from [http://liliesleaf.co.za/pb_what_happened.php the original] on 25 December 2008.</ref> MK e ne ya simolola [[Operation O Mayibuye]] (e e bidiwang Operation Mayibuye) go tswa kwa Liliesleaf.<ref name=":0" /> Ka Phukwi a le lesome le motso 1963, mapodisi a tshireletso a ne a tlhasela polase mme a tshwara maloko a le lesome le boferabonwe a sephiri, moragonyana a latofatsa le go sekisa palo ya bone ka go senya. Mapodisi a ne a utlwile ka lefelo leno go tswa mo metsweding e mebedi: George Mellis, yo o neng a nna gaufi le lefelo le kwa Rivonia Caravan Park, o ne a lemoga dikoloi di le mmalwa di tsena le go tswa mo lefelong la polase mme a bolelela ba lelapa la gagwe; le tshedimosetso ya mapodisi kwa MK. Balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba ntse ba kopanela mo phaposing e e ruletsweng ka bojang mme ba ne ba gakgamaditswe ke go tlhaselwa. Ba ne ba setse ba dirile tshwetso pele ga nako ya go fudugela kwa ntlong e nngwe e e babalesegileng, mme Phukwi a le lesome le motso e ne e le kopano ya bone ya bofelo kwa Liliesleaf.<ref>[[:en:Denis_Goldberg|Goldberg, Denis]] (2016). ''A Life for Freedom''. University Press of Kentucky. p.&#x20;86.</ref> Mapodisi a ne a bona dipampiri ka nako ya phuruphutsho tse di neng di pega Mandela molato, ka jalo o ne a latofadiwa mme a tlisiwa kwa tshekong le ba bangwe.<ref name=":1" /> Tsheko, e e neng ya simolola ka Phalane 1963 go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 1964, e ne ya khutla ka Mandela le baeteledipele ba bangwe ba ba tlhageletseng, go akaretsa Sisulu, Govan Mbeki, Kathrada, Goldberg, Mhlaba, Motsoaledi, le Mlangeni ba bonwa molato mme ba atlholelwa botshelo jotlhe mo kgolegelong.<ref name=":0" /> == Lefelo le jaaka motlobo wa ditso == Lelapa la ga Schreider le ne la reka polasei morago ga go tlhaselwa mme ya fetoga ntlo ya baeng. Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga go kopana gape ga basekisiwa mo Tshekong ya Rivonia e e neng e tshwerwe ka 2001, Nicholas Wolpe (morwa Harold Wolpe le setlogolo sa ga James Kantor) o ne a swetsa go tlhoma trust e e neng e tla nna mong wa lefelo leno le go le tsamaisa le go dira motlobo wa ditso wa dikokomane tse di tlang.<ref name=":3">Steyn, Daniel (22 June 2022). [https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/question-mark-over-future-of-historic-liliesleaf-farm-20220622 "Question mark over future of historic Liliesleaf Farm"]. ''News24''. Retrieved malatsi a matlhano, 2026.</ref> Kgato ya ntlha ya go e tsosolosa e simolotse ka 2008.<ref>[https://www.southafrica.net/gl/en/travel/article/liliesleaf-farm "Liliesleaf Farm"]. ''South African Tourism''.</ref> Go ne ga tlhamiwa dipontsho, mme ga agiwa khefi, mmogo le marobalo a bosigo, lefelo la dikopano le dikago tse dingwe tse di farologaneng. E ne ya amogelwa ke [[Puso ya Aforika Borwa]] (e e neng e eteletswe pele ke ANC morago ga gore ba tlhophiwe ka puso ya batho ka batho ka 1994) jaaka letlotlo la bosetšhaba, la botlhokwa mo ditsong tsa ANC le [[kgaratlho ya kgololesego]] ya Aforika Borwa ka bobedi. Go tloga ka 2008 [[Lephata la Metshameko, Bodiragatsi le Setso]] le ba ba tlileng pele ga lone ba ne ba tlamela ka madi a a fetang didikadike tsa diranta di le masome a supa go le tlhokomela.<ref name=":2" /> Ka Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le bone ka 2014 e ne ya itsisiwe gore e kwadilwe jaaka lefelo la Mophato wantlha.<ref name=":0" /> Lefelo leno le ne la tlhophiwa go nna Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe,<ref name=":3" /> jaaka lengwe la setlhopha se se bidiwang "Ditshwanelo tsa Sdetho, Kgaratlho ya Kgololesego le Poelano: Mafelo a Boswa jwa ga Nelson Mandela", ka 2015.<ref>Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6051/ "Human Rights, Liberation Struggle and Reconciliation: Nelson Mandela Legacy Sites"]. ''UNESCO World Heritage Centre''. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi matlhano, 2026.</ref> Ka Lwetse a le malatsi a mabedi ka 2016 Liliesleaf e ne ya itsisiwe jaaka [[lefelo la boswa jwa bosetšhaba]] mo ''[[Outh African Government Gazette|South African Government Gazette]]''.<ref>Njemla, Nobukho (20 March 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240722003624/https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/922280221 "9/2/228/0221"]. ''[[:en:SAHRA|SAHRA]]''. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi matlhano ka 2026.</ref><ref name=":3" /> Lefelo leno e ne e le la Liliesleaf Trust, mme le tsamaisiwa ke Nicholas Wolpe,<ref name=":3" /> mothei le Mokhuduthamaga wa trust, go fitlha ka 2021. Go tloga ka 2008 go fitlha fa e tswalwa ka 2021, ka nako ya [[COVID-19|leroborobo la COVID-19]], [[Lephata la Metshameko, Bodiragatsi le Setso]] le ne la tlamela ka madi a a fetang di dikadike di le masome a supa tsa diranta go le tlhokomela.<ref name=":2" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, motlobo ono o ne wa tswalwa ka Lwetse 2021, ka nako ya [[COVID-19|leroborobo la COVID-19]], e leng tshwetso e e dirilweng ke Mokhuduthamaga kwantle ga go buisana le boto. Lephata le rile Wolpe ga a dirisa R 8.1 milione ya thebolelo ya matlole e e neng ya newa Liliesleaf ka 2015, le gore ba tla bo ba e tsaya. (Go bonala e ne e tshwanetse go dirisiwa mo ditshenyegelong tsa matlotlo, mme Wolpe o ne a e dirisa mo ditshenyegelong tsa go tsamaisa.<ref name=":2" />) Ka Mopitlo a le some ka 2022, boto e ne ya emisa Wolpe, mme go bulwa gape ga Liliesleaf go ne go rulaganyeditswe go diragala ka Lwetse 2022. Tona wa Lephata la Metshameko, Bodiragatsi le Setso [[Nathi Mthethwa]] o ne a re tsela ya go itsise Motlobo wa Liliesleaf "jaaka setheo sa setso go ya ka Molao wa Ditheo tsa Setso". Seno se ne se tla dira gore [[Palamente]] e kgone go okamela motlobo. Go ne go na le matshwenyego a gore go na le maitlhomo a sepolotiki mo go diriseng motlobo go rotloetsa ANC, fela leloko la boto Themba Wakashe o ne a re ga a kitla a letla seno go diragala, ka e le lefelo la maAforika Borwa otlhe.<ref name=":3" /> == Dilo tsa Botaki == Motlobo o na le dilo tse dintsi tse di botlhokwa tsa ditso, go akaretsa le copy ya ntlha ya [[Freedom Charter]], [[lekwalo la go tshwarwa]] la ga Mandela, le [[tlhobolo ya pene]] ya ga [[Oliver Tambo]].<ref name=":3" /> == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Metlobo ya ditso ka ga tlhaolele]] [[Karolo:Metlobo ya ditso kwa Johannesburg]] [[Karolo:Metlobo ya ditso e e tlositsweng ka 2021]] sbxgaqxgmy3k26oyxia3y9exk77dy8w 0 14963 54545 54544 2026-09-07T12:10:03Z KatieKea 10150 /* Diponagalokgolo */ Ke okeditse tlhanolo 54545 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker''' se kwa borwa jwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Sebopego se sa [[granite]] se beilwe mo godimo ga thaba, mme se ne sa tlhatlosiwa go gopola ba-[[Voortrekker]] ba ba neng ba tswa kwa [[Cape Colony]] magareng ga 1835 le 1854. Se tlhamilwe ke moagi [[Gerard Moerdijk]]. Ka Phukwi a ferabobedi ka 2011, Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker se ne sa itsisiwe jaaka [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Bosetšhaba]] ke [[Setheo sa Didirisiwa tsa Boswa sa Aforikaborwa|Setheo sa Didirisiwa tsa Boswa sa Aforika]] [[Setheo sa Didirisiwa tsa Boswa sa Aforikaborwa|Borwa]].<ref>[[:en:South_African_Heritage_Resource_Agency|South African Heritage Resource Agency]] (29 July 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426005052/http://www.sahra.org.za/voortrekkermonument.pdf "Voortrekker Monument Declared a National Heritage"] (PDF) (Press release). Archived from [http://www.sahra.org.za/voortrekkermonument.pdf the original] (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi a supa, 2026.</ref> == Ditso == Kgopolo ya go aga sefikantswe go tlotla ba Voortrekker e ne ya buiwa la ntlha ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ka 1888, fa Tautona [[Paul Kruger]] wa [[REPHABOLIKI YA AFORIKA BORWA|Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa]] a ne a tseneletse meletlo ya [[Letsatsi la Kgolagano]] kwa [[Danskraal]] kwa [[KwaZulu-Natal|Natale]]. Le fa go ntse jalo, mokgatlho wa go aga sefikantswe se se ntseng jalo tota o ne wa simolola fela ka Moranang a le malatsi a mane ka 1931 fa go ne go tlhamiwa ''Sentrale Volksmonumentekomitee'' (SVK; Komiti ya Bogare ya Difikantswe tsa Batho) go dira gore kgopolo eno e nne le matswela.<ref name=":0">[[iarchive:sim_south-african-panorama_1974-12_19_12|"South African Panorama 1974-12: Vol 19 Iss 12"]]. ''South African Panorama''. Vol.&#x20;19, no.&#x20;12. December 1974 &#x2013; via Internet Archive.</ref>^{: 13}  [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Monument May 2006, IMG 3008.jpg|left|thumb|Voortrekker yo o gobetseng kwa Vegkop, dintlha tsa setshwantsho sa ditso]] Kago e ne ya simolola ka Phukwi a le lesome le boraro ka 1937 ka moletlo wa go fetola mmu o o neng wa dirwa ke modulasetilo wa SVK, Mmueledi [[Ernest George Jansen]], mo go se moragonyana se neng sa itsege jaaka Monument Hill. Ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro 1938 leje la motheo le ne la bewa<ref name=":0" /> ke ditlogolwana tse tharo tsa bangwe ba baeteledipele ba Voortrekker: Mme J.C. Muller (ngwana wa ngwana wa ga [[Andries Pretorius]]), Mme K.F. Ackerman (kokomane ya ga [[Hendrik Potgieter]]) le Mohumagatsana J.C. Peller (kokomane ya ga [[Piet Retief]]) Sefikantswe se ne sa tlhongwa ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro 1949 ke Tonakgolo [[D. F. Malan]].^[^{[[go tlhokega nopolo]]]} Ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa kago ya sefikantswe e ne e le Diponto tse 360,000, bontsi jwa tsone bo ne jwa ntshiwa ke puso ya Aforika Borwa. [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Monument By Sara Buijskes 1949.jpg|thumb|"Sefikantswe Voortrekker 1949" ka Sara Buijskes]] Lefelo le legolo la bobogelo, le le neng le ka tsenya batho ba ka nna dikete tse masome mabedi, le ne la agiwa kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa sefikantswe se ka 1949. == Diponagalokgolo == Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker se bogodimo jwa dimitara di le masome a marataro le bobedi, ka motheo wa dimitara di le masome a mane ka dimitara di le masome a mane.^{[<nowiki/>[[nopolo e tlhokega]]]} Kago eno e tshwana ka boagi le difikantswe tsa Yuropa tse di jaaka [[Dôme des Invalides]] kwa Fora le [[Völkerschlachtdenkmal]] kwa [[Jeremane]], mme gape e na le ditlhotlheletso tsa Aforika.<ref>Grundlingh, Albert (2009). "A Cultural Conundrum? Old Monuments and New Regimes: The Voortrekker Monument as Symbol of Afrikaner Power in a Postapartheid South Africa". In Walkowitz, Daniel J.; Knauer, Lisa Maya (eds.). ''Contested Histories in Public Space: Memory, Race, and Nation''. New York: Duke University Press. p.&#x20;159. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4217-5|978-0-8223-4217-5]]</bdi>.</ref> Dintlha tse pedi tse dikgolo tse di kgatlhang mo teng ga kago ke Frieze ya Hisitori le Cenotaph. [[Setshwantsho:Inside the Voortrekker Monument.JPG|thumb|Seokomelabagwe sa kwa borwa le frieze]] === Frieze ya ditso === Mojako o mogolo wa kago o tsena mo Holong ya Bagaka e e nang le dikhubu. Lebala le le legolo, le potapotilwe ke diokomelabagwe tse nne tse dikgolo tse di dirilweng ka galase e tshetlha ya Belgium, se na le Frieze ya ditso e ikgethileng ya mmabole e e leng karolo e e fa gare ya moralo wa sefikantswe. Ke frieze e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya mmabole mo lefatsheng.<ref>Brockman, Norbert C. (2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNZ15Oow8XcC&q=biggest+marble+frieze+in+the+world&pg=PA594 "Voortrekker Monument, Pretoria, South Africa"]. ''Encyclopedia of Sacred Places''. Vol.&#x20;2: N-Z (2nd&#x20;ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. pp.&#x20;593–594. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-655-3|978-1-59884-655-3]]</bdi>.</ref> Frieze e na le diphanele di le masome a mabedi le bosupa tsa bas-relief tse di bontshang ditso tsa [[Great Trek]], fela di akaretsa ditshupiso tsa botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi, mekgwa ya tiro le ditumelo tsa bodumedi tsa Voortrekker. Setlhopha sa diphanele se bontsha ditiragalo tsa botlhokwa tsa ditso go simolola ka voortrekkers ya ntlha ya 1835, go fitlha ka go saeniwa ga [[Tumalano ya Noka ya Sand]] ka 1852. Setshwantsho se se fa gare se bontsha [[polao ya Piet Retief Delegation]]. Mo gare ga bodilo jwa Holo ya Bagaka go na le phatlha e kgolo e e sediko e ka yone go ka bonwang Cenotaph e e mo Holong ya Cenotaph. [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Cenotaph.jpg|left|thumb|Cenotaph]] === Cenotaph === Cenotaph, e e mo gare ga Holo ya Cenotaph, ke yone e e botlhokwa thata mo sefikantswe seno. Mo godimo ga gore e ka bonwa go tswa mo Holong ya Bagaka e ka bonwa gape go tswa mo domeng e e kwa godimo ga kago, go tswa kwa bontsi jwa bokagare jwa sefikantswe bo ka bonwang teng. Ka go bulega (oculus) mo domeng eno marang a lesedi la letsatsi le phatsima ka oura ya bolesome le bobedi ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ngwaga le ngwaga, le wela mo bogareng jwa Cenotaph, le itaya mafoko a a reng ‘Ons vir Jou, Suid-Afrika’ ([[Seburu]] se kaya ‘Rona ka Wena, Aforika Borwa’), puo go tswa mo ‘[[Die-A Stem Suid-Afrika|Die-A Stem]] [[Die-A Stem Suid-Afrika|Suid-Afrika]]’. Marang a lesedi a tshwantshetsa tshegofatso ya Modimo mo matshelong le mo maitekong a ba-Voortrekker. Sedimonthole 1838 e ne e le letsatsi la [[Ntwa ya Noka ya Madi]], e e neng e gopolwa mo Aforika Borwa pele ga 1994 jaaka [[Letsatsi la Maikano]]. Holo ya Cenotaph e kgabisitswe ka difolaga tsa [[Direphaboliki tse di farologaneng tsa Voortrekker]] mme e na le ditshwantsho tsa mo maboteng tse di bontshang Voortrekkers mmogo le dikgetsi di le mmalwa tsa pontsho tse di nang le dilo tsa botaki go tswa kwa Great Trek. Kgatlhanong le lebota le le kwa bokone la holo go na le lefelo le le nang le lebone le mo go lone kgabo e ntseng e tuka fa e sale ka 1938. E ne e le ka ngwaga oo fa [[Symbolic Ox Wagon Trek]], e e neng ya simolola kwa [[Cape Town]] mme ya felela kwa Monument Hill kwa letlapa la motheo la Sefikantswe le neng la bewa teng, e neng ya diragala. [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Monument Laager.JPG|thumb|160x160px|Lebota la lefelo la go baya dikolotsana le na le dikolotsana di le masome a marataro le bone]] === Dikarolo tse dingwe === Baeti ba sefikantswe seno ba tsena ka kgoro e ntsho ya tshipi e e betlilweng e e nang le setshwantsho sa ''assegai'' (segai). Fa motho a sena go feta ka kgoro o iphitlhela a le mo teng ga ntlo e kgolo e e nang le [[dikolotsana tsa dikgomo]] di le masome a marataro le bone tse di dirilweng ka granite e e kgabisitsweng.<ref name=":0" />^{: 15} Go ne ga dirisiwa palo e e tshwanang ya dikolotsana kwa [[Ntweng ya Noka ya Madi]] go bopa ntlo.^[^{[[go tlhokega nopolo]]]} [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Vrou Statue.JPG|left|thumb|253x253px|Mosadi wa Voortrekker le bana ka Anton van Wouw]] [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Statue.JPG|thumb|240x240px|Sefikantswe sa ga Piet Retief]] Kwa tlase ga sefikantswe go eme setshwantsho se se setilweng sa boronse sa ga [[Anton van Wouw]] sa mosadi wa Voortrekker le bana ba gagwe ba babedi, se tlotla maatla le bopelokgale jwa basadi ba Voortrekker.<ref name=":0" />^{: 15} Mo matlhakoreng oomabedi a sefikantswe seno go betlilwe [[dikgokong]] tse dintsho mo maboteng a sefikantswe. Kgokong e bontsha ka tshwantshetso dikotsi tsa Aforika mme go fofa ga tsone ka tshwantshetso go bolela gore mosadi, mojaki wa tlhabologo ya Bophirima, o fentse. Mo sekhutlong sengwe le sengwe se se kwa ntle sa sefikantswe go na le sefikantswe, ka go latelana se se emelang [[Piet Retief]], [[Andries Pretorius]], [[Hendrik Potgieter]] le moeteledipele yo o "sa itsiweng" (moemedi wa baeteledipele ba bangwe botlhe ba Voortrekker).<ref name=":0" />^{: 15} Sefikantswe sengwe le sengwe se bokete ja ditone di ka nna thataro.^{&#x5B;''[[go tlhokega nopolo]]''&#x5D;} Kwa sekhutlong sa botlhaba jwa sefikantswe, mo maemong a a tshwanang le kgoro ya sone, ke letlapa la motheo, le ka fa tlase ga lone go fitlhilweng moriti wa Maikano a Trekker a Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ka 1838, moriti wa pina ya "Die Stem", le moriti wa tumalano ya lefatshe magareng ga Trekkers ka fa tlase ga Piet Retief le maZulu ka fa tlase ga ga [[Kgosi Dingane]]. === Dikgokagano tsa Sejeremane === Go ya ka Alta Steenkamp, ​​setlhogo se se kwa tlase sa [[Sefikantswe sa Ntwa ya Ditšhaba]] (''Völkerschlachtdenkmal'') kwa [[Leipzig]], kwa Jeremane, se bonala mo Sefikantsweng sa ga Voortrekker ka gonne moagi wa tsone, e bong [[Gerard Moerdijk]], o ne a dirisitse thulaganyo ya dipalp le dilekanyo tsa sebaka sa Völkerschlachtdenkmal.<ref name=":1">Steenkamp, Alta (2009). "A Shared Spatial Symbolism: The Voortrekker Monument, the Völkerslachtdenkmal and Freemasonry". ''South African Journal of Art History''. '''24''' (1): 150–160. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:2263/13998|2263/13998]].</ref> Go dira Sejeremane mono ga Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker go diragetse morago ga gore kakanyetso ya ntlha ya ga Moerdijk o bake selelo sa batho mo bobegadikgannyeng jwa Aforika Borwa ka ntlha ya go tshwana ga sone le [[tempele ya Egepeto]].<ref name=":2">Vermeulen, Irma (1999). ''Man en Monument: Die Lewe en Werk van Gerard Moerdijk'' (in Afrikaans). Pretoria: J. L. van Schaik. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-627-02446-7|0-627-02446-7]].</bdi></ref>^{: 128} Mo kakanyetsong ya ntlha ya ga Moerdijk, sefikantswe se se neng se na le ditsela tse pedi tsa Egepeto tsa di-[[obelisk]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />^{: 128}  Fa Moerdijk a ne a feleletsa go dira polane ya gagwe ya Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker, o ne a etela kwa [[Egepeto]] ka 1936, go akaretsa le Tempele ya [[Karnak]] kwa [[Thebes]].<ref name=":2" />^{: 105} Kwa Thebes, faro [[Akhenaten]], monna wa ga [[Nefertiti]], o ne a agile mafelo a mararo a boitshepo a letsatsi, go akaretsa le Hwt-benben (‘ntlo e kgolo ya Ba-[[Benben]]’). Ntlha e e tlhageletseng thata ya sefikantswe sa ga Moerdijk ke go bonesiwa ga letsatsi ga ngwaga le ngwaga mo gare ga sethoboloko ga letlapa la Benben, cenotaph e e tsenngwang. [[Setshwantsho:Sun on stone.JPG|thumb|Cenotaph ke lebitla la tshwantshetso la ga Piet Retief le baemedi ba gagwe.]] Mo dingwageng tse di tlang pele ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, barati ba bosetšhaba ba le mmalwa ba [[Afrikaner]] ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya kwa Jeremane go ya go ithuta thuto, sepolotiki le setso. Ka 1928 Moerdijk o ne a etela Jeremane, mme a leba setshwantsho sa Amarna sa ga [[Nefertiti]] se se neng se bontshiwa phatlalatsa kwa Berlin. Ka 1934 Mokhanselara [[Hitler]] o ne a dirile tshwetso ya gore Jeremane ga e kitla e busetsa setshwantsho sa ga [[Nefertiti]] sa Amarna kwa [[Egepeto]]. Go na le moo o ne a itsise maikaelelo a go dirisa setshwantsho sa ga Amarna jaaka karolo e e botlhokwa ya pontsho ya dingwaga di le sekete tsa [[Third Reich]], kwa Berlin e e tsosolositsweng e e neng e tla bidiwa [[Germania]].<ref>Connolly, Kate (7 May 2009). [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/may/07/nefertiti-bust-berlin-egypt-authenticity "Is this Nefertiti – or a 100-year-old fake?"]. ''The Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210424013058/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/may/07/nefertiti-bust-berlin-egypt-authenticity Archived] from the original on 24 April 2021.</ref> Fela jalo sefikantswe sa dingwaga di le sekete sa Moerdijk se se nang le letshwao la letsatsi la Amarna mo gare ga sona, se ne sa nna karolo ya pontsho ya setheo sa bosetšhaba sa Afrikaner sa motsemogolo wa bone Pretoria. === Phatlha e e sediko ya bodilo === [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Monument, interior from above.jpg|thumb|Fa o leba go tswa mo domeng ya loapi go ya kwa tlase, go ka balwa marang a letsatsi a le masome a mararo le bobedi, a a bontshang tlhotlheletso ya masonic ya boagi .]] Fa o leba go tswa mo domeng ya loapi go ya kwa tlase, pattern ya chevron mo fatshe ga Holo ya Bagaka, e phatsimela kwa ntle jaaka marang a letsatsi a le masome a mararo le bobedi. Mo kagong ya ga Moerdijk, [[letsatsi]] la tlholego le bopa lerang la bomasome a mararo le boraro ka go bulega ga fa fatshe. Moerdijk o rile pattern ya [[chevron]] e e fa fatshe e bontsha metsi,<ref name=":3">Official Opening Program of the Voortrekker Monument 1949</ref> fela jaaka [[hieroglyph ya chevron]] e e gabedi go tswa mo [[Tlhabologo|tlhabologong]] ya [[Egepeto]] wa bogologolo. Moerdijk o boletse gore ditsela tsotlhe mo lefelong la botaki jwa go aga di boela kwa [[Egepeto]] wa bogologolo.<ref name=":2" />^{: 47} Go ikaegilwe ka tshupiso ya ga Moerdijk ya bodilo jwa metsi jwa Ntlolehalahala ya Bagaka, mmogo le dipolelo tsa gagwe ka ga [[Egepeto]] wa bogologolo, go bulega ga bodilo go ka supiwa ka molete wa metsi, jaaka thuto ya tlholego ya tlhabologo ya Aforika wa bogologolo. Go tlhatloga go tswa mo moleteng ono o o metsi, e ne e le thota ya ntlhantlha, letlapa la [[Benben]], go tshwantshetsa popo e ntsha. === Marang a letsatsi a bodumedi === [[Gerard Moerdijk]] e ne e le moagi yo mogolo wa dikereke di le masome a ferabobedi tsa Porotesetanta kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Moerdijk o ne a ngaparela ngwao ya kereke ya [[Reformed]] mme ka jalo letshwao la gagwe la kgwebo la [[Renaissance]], polane ya fa fatshe ya sefapaano sa Segerika, ka metlha le ne le tlhomile mogopolo mo sefaleng le moreri. Mo thutabomodimong ya Boporotesetanta, lefoko la Modimo ke lone le le botlhokwa.<ref name=":2" />^{: 39, 122} Moerdijk o ne a tlhama tsepamisomogopolo e e tshwanang ya botlhokwa mo Sefikantsweng sa Voortrekker, mme ka sefofane se se emeng go na le se se rapaletseng, le ka motlhale wa Seaforika go na le wa Yuropa. Dome e kgolo e e kwa godimo ya sefikantswe e na le lesedi la kwa morago la Egepeto<ref name=":2" />^{: 133} go etsisa loapi, bonno jwa selegodimo jwa Modimo. Ka dome marang a letsatsi a tsenelela kwa tlase, a tlhomolola mafoko ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ka nako ya sethoboloko. Mafoko a a lebaganeng le loapi: "RONA KA WENA, AFORIKA BORWA", ke ntlha ya tsepamisomogopolo ya ga Moerdijk. Mafoko a a tserwe mo pineng, Die Stem: "Re tla tshela, re tla swa, re go direla Aforika Borwa". Pina eo e felela jaana: "Go tla nna sentle, Modimo o a busa." Ka jalo marang a letsatsi a etsisa kgolagano magareng ga mafoko a a mo [[Cenotaph]] le bonno jwa selegodimo jo bo kwa godimo, puisano magareng ga Modimo le motho. Marang a letsatsi a mmatota ka boone a bopa lerang la letsatsi la bo masome a mararo le boraro a a phatsimang mo letlapeng le le fa gare ga go bulega ga fa fatshe. === Maikano a selegodimo === Mo thutabomodimong ya baebele ya ga Moerdijk, Modimo o buisana ka ditsela tse pedi: ka lokwalo le tlholego.<ref>[[:en:Heidelberg_Catechism|Heidelberg Catechism]]</ref> Moerdijk o kopanya mekgwa eno ka bobedi, ka go dirisa letsatsi mo go etsiseng ga gagwe. [[Setshwantsho:Relief of an ox-wagon, Voortrekker Monument.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa kolotsana ya kgomo mo leboteng la ntlo]] Maikano a Batsamai a ne a gopolwa ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro jaaka [[Letsatsi la Maikano]]. Ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro, go bonala ga popego ya [[letsatsi]] e e bonesang mo mafokong a letlapa la [[Cenotaph]], go fetola bokao jwa tsone go ya ka [[Leje la Bafilosofi]] la baitseanape ba alchemy. Mo boemong jwa gore motho yo o kwa tlase a dire maikano a selefatshe, letsatsi le sutisetsa tsepamisomogopolo kwa godimo kwa modimong wa borarobongwe wa Trekkers, jaaka e le Modimo o o buisanang ka boagi jwa letsatsi jwa ga Moerdijk, a itira maikano a selegodimo ka mafoko a a reng: RONA – jaaka mo go MODIMO – GO GO TLHOKOMELA LONA. Ka jalo Modimo mo ngwaong ya tharonngwe ya Trekkers, o bua maikano mo teng ga popo ya letsatsi e e bonesang mafoko a a mo Cenotaph. Tumelo ya Trekker ya gore Modimo o ne o le wa [[Aforika Borwa]] e simolotse go tswa mo maikanong a boferabongwe–lesome le borataro Sedimonthole 1838 a moeteledipele wa Trekker [[Andries Pretorius]] kwa Blood River, yo ka nako e le nngwe a neng a dira dikgolagano tsa sesole le tsa sepolotiki le Bakeresete ba [[maZulu]] jaaka kgosana [[Mpande]]. === Tshimologo ya Egepeto === Moerdijk e ne e le motshegetsi yo o kanotseng sehuba wa boagi jwa bogologolo jwa Egepeto.<ref>Marschall, Sabine (2001). "The Search for Essence: 'Africanness' in 20th Century South African Architecture". ''Southern African Humanities''. '''13''': 139–154. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/EJC84722|10520/EJC84722]].</ref> Moerdijk o ne a bua ka bogolo jwa Aforika jaaka bo abetswe ke dikago tsa bogologolo tsa Egepeto kwa go tlhongweng ga Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker.<ref name=":3" /> Pele ga kakanyetso ya gagwe ya Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker e amogelwa, Moerdijk le [[Anton van Wouw]] ba ne ba ntse ba dira ka kgolagano dingwaga di le dintsi mo porojekeng ya bone ya "kago ya phemelo ya ditoro":<ref>Duffey, A. E. (2006). "'n Egte Lugkasteel: Moerdijk, Van Wouw en die Voortrekkermonument". ''South African Journal of Cultural History'' (in Afrikaans). '''20''' (2): 22–41. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/EJC30675|10520/EJC30675]].</ref> Tempele ya segompieno ya Voortrekker ya Aforika-Egepeto mo Aforika Borwa. Van Wouw le Frans Soff pelenyana ba ne ba dirisitse [[obelisk]] ya Egepeto, marang a a fetogileng letlapa a [[Aten]] ya Aforika, jaaka setshwantsho se se botlhokwa sa [[Sefikantswe sa Bosetšhaba sa Basadi]] kwa [[Bloemfontein]], [[Aforika Borwa]], ka bosone se ne sa tlhongwa ka [[Letsatsi la Maikano]], Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ka 1913. Fa a ntse a konotelela go tlhama Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker ka 1936,<ref name=":2" />^{: 105} Moerdijk o ne a tsaya loeto lwa patlisiso kwa [[Egepeto]]. Koo o ne a etela Tempele ya [[Karnak]] kwa [[Thebes]],<ref name=":2" />^{: 106} kwa [[Tsosoloso|Tsosolosong]] ya Aforika e neng e atlegile gone ka fa tlase ga ga [[Faro Akhenaten]], monna wa ga [[Nefertiti]]. Ditempele tse di bulegileng tsa [[Akhenaten]] go ya kwa [[Aten]] di ne di akaretsa ngwao ya Heliopolitan ya go dirisa marang a letsatsi mo go ageng, mmogo le ditshwantsho tsa sekammatota tse di takilweng mo maboteng kgotsa friezes. Moerdijk o ne a etela gape le [[Motlobo wa ditso wa Cairo]], koo go bontshiwang moriti wa [[Sefela se Segolo sa Aten]] gone, e ditemana dingwe tsa yone di gopotsang [[Pesalema]] ya lekgolo le metso e mene gone. Mosadi wa ga Moerdijk e bong Sylva o ne a bolela gore o ne a tlwaelane thata le boagi jwa bogologolo jwa Egepeto,<ref name=":2" />^{: 106} mme o ne a tlhotlhelediwa thata ka boagi ke ketelo ya gagwe kwa Egepeto.<ref name=":2" />^{: 105}. === Boikaelelo jwa boagi === [[Setshwantsho:Luikstraal, Voortrekkermonument, Pretoria, Suid-Afrika.jpg|left|thumb|Fa o leba kwa godimo mo gare ga sethoboloko ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro o bona lerothodi mo teng ga sediko, hieroglyph ya bogologolo ya Seaforika le Egepeto ya modimo wa mmopi wa Modimo o le mongwe fela [[Aten]].]] [[Setshwantsho:Geloftedag-1-.JPG|thumb|Go leba kwa tlase go tswa mo kgopong]] Moagi, [[Gerard Moerdijk]], o ne a bolela gore boikaelelo jwa kago bo tshwanetse go bonala sentle.<ref name=":2" />^{: 133} Karolo ya letsatsi mo gare ga sethoboloko mo Aforika, e ne e le ka nako ya ga Nefertiti e e neng e itsege jaaka [[Aten]]. Mo ditlhakeng tsa [[hieroglyphic]] tsa Egepeto, Aten o ne a kwalwa e le lerothodi la letsatsi le le dikologilweng ke sediko. Mokwalo wa Aten-hieroglyph o tshwantshitswe mo Sefikantsweng sa Voortrekker fa letsatsi le phatsima ka phatlha e e mo domeng e e kwa godimo. Fela jalo, fa o leba kwa tlase go tswa mo tseleng e e kwa godimo ya dome, go bulega ga fa fatshe mo go sediko go bonwa go dikologa lesedi la popego ya letsatsi. Molaetsa wa ga Moerdijk jaaka o supiwa ke frieze ya lebota: ka go tswa mo [[Cape Colony]] ya Borithane, Modimo o ne a bopa tlhabologo e ntsha kwa teng ga naga. Go leboga popo e ntsha e ya tlhabologo, Moerdijk, a gakologelwa [[Aberehame]] wa bogologolo, o ne a tlhama Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker ka fa ntle jaaka [[aletare]].<ref name=":2" />^{: 130.}  == Kago ya difikantswe == == Metswedi == s0sflyqt9h469oy0r5y9ii73jad0is6 54546 54545 2026-09-07T12:22:15Z KatieKea 10150 /* Kago ya difikantswe */ ke ranotse karolo e 54546 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker''' se kwa borwa jwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Sebopego se sa [[granite]] se beilwe mo godimo ga thaba, mme se ne sa tlhatlosiwa go gopola ba-[[Voortrekker]] ba ba neng ba tswa kwa [[Cape Colony]] magareng ga 1835 le 1854. Se tlhamilwe ke moagi [[Gerard Moerdijk]]. Ka Phukwi a ferabobedi ka 2011, Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker se ne sa itsisiwe jaaka [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Bosetšhaba]] ke [[Setheo sa Didirisiwa tsa Boswa sa Aforikaborwa|Setheo sa Didirisiwa tsa Boswa sa Aforika]] [[Setheo sa Didirisiwa tsa Boswa sa Aforikaborwa|Borwa]].<ref>[[:en:South_African_Heritage_Resource_Agency|South African Heritage Resource Agency]] (29 July 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426005052/http://www.sahra.org.za/voortrekkermonument.pdf "Voortrekker Monument Declared a National Heritage"] (PDF) (Press release). Archived from [http://www.sahra.org.za/voortrekkermonument.pdf the original] (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi a supa, 2026.</ref> == Ditso == Kgopolo ya go aga sefikantswe go tlotla ba Voortrekker e ne ya buiwa la ntlha ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ka 1888, fa Tautona [[Paul Kruger]] wa [[REPHABOLIKI YA AFORIKA BORWA|Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa]] a ne a tseneletse meletlo ya [[Letsatsi la Kgolagano]] kwa [[Danskraal]] kwa [[KwaZulu-Natal|Natale]]. Le fa go ntse jalo, mokgatlho wa go aga sefikantswe se se ntseng jalo tota o ne wa simolola fela ka Moranang a le malatsi a mane ka 1931 fa go ne go tlhamiwa ''Sentrale Volksmonumentekomitee'' (SVK; Komiti ya Bogare ya Difikantswe tsa Batho) go dira gore kgopolo eno e nne le matswela.<ref name=":0">[[iarchive:sim_south-african-panorama_1974-12_19_12|"South African Panorama 1974-12: Vol 19 Iss 12"]]. ''South African Panorama''. Vol.&#x20;19, no.&#x20;12. December 1974 &#x2013; via Internet Archive.</ref>^{: 13}  [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Monument May 2006, IMG 3008.jpg|left|thumb|Voortrekker yo o gobetseng kwa Vegkop, dintlha tsa setshwantsho sa ditso]] Kago e ne ya simolola ka Phukwi a le lesome le boraro ka 1937 ka moletlo wa go fetola mmu o o neng wa dirwa ke modulasetilo wa SVK, Mmueledi [[Ernest George Jansen]], mo go se moragonyana se neng sa itsege jaaka Monument Hill. Ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro 1938 leje la motheo le ne la bewa<ref name=":0" /> ke ditlogolwana tse tharo tsa bangwe ba baeteledipele ba Voortrekker: Mme J.C. Muller (ngwana wa ngwana wa ga [[Andries Pretorius]]), Mme K.F. Ackerman (kokomane ya ga [[Hendrik Potgieter]]) le Mohumagatsana J.C. Peller (kokomane ya ga [[Piet Retief]]) Sefikantswe se ne sa tlhongwa ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro 1949 ke Tonakgolo [[D. F. Malan]].^[^{[[go tlhokega nopolo]]]} Ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa kago ya sefikantswe e ne e le Diponto tse 360,000, bontsi jwa tsone bo ne jwa ntshiwa ke puso ya Aforika Borwa. [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Monument By Sara Buijskes 1949.jpg|thumb|"Sefikantswe Voortrekker 1949" ka Sara Buijskes]] Lefelo le legolo la bobogelo, le le neng le ka tsenya batho ba ka nna dikete tse masome mabedi, le ne la agiwa kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa sefikantswe se ka 1949. == Diponagalokgolo == Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker se bogodimo jwa dimitara di le masome a marataro le bobedi, ka motheo wa dimitara di le masome a mane ka dimitara di le masome a mane.^{[<nowiki/>[[nopolo e tlhokega]]]} Kago eno e tshwana ka boagi le difikantswe tsa Yuropa tse di jaaka [[Dôme des Invalides]] kwa Fora le [[Völkerschlachtdenkmal]] kwa [[Jeremane]], mme gape e na le ditlhotlheletso tsa Aforika.<ref>Grundlingh, Albert (2009). "A Cultural Conundrum? Old Monuments and New Regimes: The Voortrekker Monument as Symbol of Afrikaner Power in a Postapartheid South Africa". In Walkowitz, Daniel J.; Knauer, Lisa Maya (eds.). ''Contested Histories in Public Space: Memory, Race, and Nation''. New York: Duke University Press. p.&#x20;159. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4217-5|978-0-8223-4217-5]]</bdi>.</ref> Dintlha tse pedi tse dikgolo tse di kgatlhang mo teng ga kago ke Frieze ya Hisitori le Cenotaph. [[Setshwantsho:Inside the Voortrekker Monument.JPG|thumb|Seokomelabagwe sa kwa borwa le frieze]] === Frieze ya ditso === Mojako o mogolo wa kago o tsena mo Holong ya Bagaka e e nang le dikhubu. Lebala le le legolo, le potapotilwe ke diokomelabagwe tse nne tse dikgolo tse di dirilweng ka galase e tshetlha ya Belgium, se na le Frieze ya ditso e ikgethileng ya mmabole e e leng karolo e e fa gare ya moralo wa sefikantswe. Ke frieze e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya mmabole mo lefatsheng.<ref>Brockman, Norbert C. (2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNZ15Oow8XcC&q=biggest+marble+frieze+in+the+world&pg=PA594 "Voortrekker Monument, Pretoria, South Africa"]. ''Encyclopedia of Sacred Places''. Vol.&#x20;2: N-Z (2nd&#x20;ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. pp.&#x20;593–594. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-655-3|978-1-59884-655-3]]</bdi>.</ref> Frieze e na le diphanele di le masome a mabedi le bosupa tsa bas-relief tse di bontshang ditso tsa [[Great Trek]], fela di akaretsa ditshupiso tsa botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi, mekgwa ya tiro le ditumelo tsa bodumedi tsa Voortrekker. Setlhopha sa diphanele se bontsha ditiragalo tsa botlhokwa tsa ditso go simolola ka voortrekkers ya ntlha ya 1835, go fitlha ka go saeniwa ga [[Tumalano ya Noka ya Sand]] ka 1852. Setshwantsho se se fa gare se bontsha [[polao ya Piet Retief Delegation]]. Mo gare ga bodilo jwa Holo ya Bagaka go na le phatlha e kgolo e e sediko e ka yone go ka bonwang Cenotaph e e mo Holong ya Cenotaph. [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Cenotaph.jpg|left|thumb|Cenotaph]] === Cenotaph === Cenotaph, e e mo gare ga Holo ya Cenotaph, ke yone e e botlhokwa thata mo sefikantswe seno. Mo godimo ga gore e ka bonwa go tswa mo Holong ya Bagaka e ka bonwa gape go tswa mo domeng e e kwa godimo ga kago, go tswa kwa bontsi jwa bokagare jwa sefikantswe bo ka bonwang teng. Ka go bulega (oculus) mo domeng eno marang a lesedi la letsatsi le phatsima ka oura ya bolesome le bobedi ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ngwaga le ngwaga, le wela mo bogareng jwa Cenotaph, le itaya mafoko a a reng ‘Ons vir Jou, Suid-Afrika’ ([[Seburu]] se kaya ‘Rona ka Wena, Aforika Borwa’), puo go tswa mo ‘[[Die-A Stem Suid-Afrika|Die-A Stem]] [[Die-A Stem Suid-Afrika|Suid-Afrika]]’. Marang a lesedi a tshwantshetsa tshegofatso ya Modimo mo matshelong le mo maitekong a ba-Voortrekker. Sedimonthole 1838 e ne e le letsatsi la [[Ntwa ya Noka ya Madi]], e e neng e gopolwa mo Aforika Borwa pele ga 1994 jaaka [[Letsatsi la Maikano]]. Holo ya Cenotaph e kgabisitswe ka difolaga tsa [[Direphaboliki tse di farologaneng tsa Voortrekker]] mme e na le ditshwantsho tsa mo maboteng tse di bontshang Voortrekkers mmogo le dikgetsi di le mmalwa tsa pontsho tse di nang le dilo tsa botaki go tswa kwa Great Trek. Kgatlhanong le lebota le le kwa bokone la holo go na le lefelo le le nang le lebone le mo go lone kgabo e ntseng e tuka fa e sale ka 1938. E ne e le ka ngwaga oo fa [[Symbolic Ox Wagon Trek]], e e neng ya simolola kwa [[Cape Town]] mme ya felela kwa Monument Hill kwa letlapa la motheo la Sefikantswe le neng la bewa teng, e neng ya diragala. [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Monument Laager.JPG|thumb|160x160px|Lebota la lefelo la go baya dikolotsana le na le dikolotsana di le masome a marataro le bone]] === Dikarolo tse dingwe === Baeti ba sefikantswe seno ba tsena ka kgoro e ntsho ya tshipi e e betlilweng e e nang le setshwantsho sa ''assegai'' (segai). Fa motho a sena go feta ka kgoro o iphitlhela a le mo teng ga ntlo e kgolo e e nang le [[dikolotsana tsa dikgomo]] di le masome a marataro le bone tse di dirilweng ka granite e e kgabisitsweng.<ref name=":0" />^{: 15} Go ne ga dirisiwa palo e e tshwanang ya dikolotsana kwa [[Ntweng ya Noka ya Madi]] go bopa ntlo.^[^{[[go tlhokega nopolo]]]} [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Vrou Statue.JPG|left|thumb|253x253px|Mosadi wa Voortrekker le bana ka Anton van Wouw]] [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Statue.JPG|thumb|240x240px|Sefikantswe sa ga Piet Retief]] Kwa tlase ga sefikantswe go eme setshwantsho se se setilweng sa boronse sa ga [[Anton van Wouw]] sa mosadi wa Voortrekker le bana ba gagwe ba babedi, se tlotla maatla le bopelokgale jwa basadi ba Voortrekker.<ref name=":0" />^{: 15} Mo matlhakoreng oomabedi a sefikantswe seno go betlilwe [[dikgokong]] tse dintsho mo maboteng a sefikantswe. Kgokong e bontsha ka tshwantshetso dikotsi tsa Aforika mme go fofa ga tsone ka tshwantshetso go bolela gore mosadi, mojaki wa tlhabologo ya Bophirima, o fentse. Mo sekhutlong sengwe le sengwe se se kwa ntle sa sefikantswe go na le sefikantswe, ka go latelana se se emelang [[Piet Retief]], [[Andries Pretorius]], [[Hendrik Potgieter]] le moeteledipele yo o "sa itsiweng" (moemedi wa baeteledipele ba bangwe botlhe ba Voortrekker).<ref name=":0" />^{: 15} Sefikantswe sengwe le sengwe se bokete ja ditone di ka nna thataro.^{&#x5B;''[[go tlhokega nopolo]]''&#x5D;} Kwa sekhutlong sa botlhaba jwa sefikantswe, mo maemong a a tshwanang le kgoro ya sone, ke letlapa la motheo, le ka fa tlase ga lone go fitlhilweng moriti wa Maikano a Trekker a Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ka 1838, moriti wa pina ya "Die Stem", le moriti wa tumalano ya lefatshe magareng ga Trekkers ka fa tlase ga Piet Retief le maZulu ka fa tlase ga ga [[Kgosi Dingane]]. === Dikgokagano tsa Sejeremane === Go ya ka Alta Steenkamp, ​​setlhogo se se kwa tlase sa [[Sefikantswe sa Ntwa ya Ditšhaba]] (''Völkerschlachtdenkmal'') kwa [[Leipzig]], kwa Jeremane, se bonala mo Sefikantsweng sa ga Voortrekker ka gonne moagi wa tsone, e bong [[Gerard Moerdijk]], o ne a dirisitse thulaganyo ya dipalp le dilekanyo tsa sebaka sa Völkerschlachtdenkmal.<ref name=":1">Steenkamp, Alta (2009). "A Shared Spatial Symbolism: The Voortrekker Monument, the Völkerslachtdenkmal and Freemasonry". ''South African Journal of Art History''. '''24''' (1): 150–160. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:2263/13998|2263/13998]].</ref> Go dira Sejeremane mono ga Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker go diragetse morago ga gore kakanyetso ya ntlha ya ga Moerdijk o bake selelo sa batho mo bobegadikgannyeng jwa Aforika Borwa ka ntlha ya go tshwana ga sone le [[tempele ya Egepeto]].<ref name=":2">Vermeulen, Irma (1999). ''Man en Monument: Die Lewe en Werk van Gerard Moerdijk'' (in Afrikaans). Pretoria: J. L. van Schaik. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-627-02446-7|0-627-02446-7]].</bdi></ref>^{: 128} Mo kakanyetsong ya ntlha ya ga Moerdijk, sefikantswe se se neng se na le ditsela tse pedi tsa Egepeto tsa di-[[obelisk]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />^{: 128}  Fa Moerdijk a ne a feleletsa go dira polane ya gagwe ya Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker, o ne a etela kwa [[Egepeto]] ka 1936, go akaretsa le Tempele ya [[Karnak]] kwa [[Thebes]].<ref name=":2" />^{: 105} Kwa Thebes, faro [[Akhenaten]], monna wa ga [[Nefertiti]], o ne a agile mafelo a mararo a boitshepo a letsatsi, go akaretsa le Hwt-benben (‘ntlo e kgolo ya Ba-[[Benben]]’). Ntlha e e tlhageletseng thata ya sefikantswe sa ga Moerdijk ke go bonesiwa ga letsatsi ga ngwaga le ngwaga mo gare ga sethoboloko ga letlapa la Benben, cenotaph e e tsenngwang. [[Setshwantsho:Sun on stone.JPG|thumb|Cenotaph ke lebitla la tshwantshetso la ga Piet Retief le baemedi ba gagwe.]] Mo dingwageng tse di tlang pele ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, barati ba bosetšhaba ba le mmalwa ba [[Afrikaner]] ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya kwa Jeremane go ya go ithuta thuto, sepolotiki le setso. Ka 1928 Moerdijk o ne a etela Jeremane, mme a leba setshwantsho sa Amarna sa ga [[Nefertiti]] se se neng se bontshiwa phatlalatsa kwa Berlin. Ka 1934 Mokhanselara [[Hitler]] o ne a dirile tshwetso ya gore Jeremane ga e kitla e busetsa setshwantsho sa ga [[Nefertiti]] sa Amarna kwa [[Egepeto]]. Go na le moo o ne a itsise maikaelelo a go dirisa setshwantsho sa ga Amarna jaaka karolo e e botlhokwa ya pontsho ya dingwaga di le sekete tsa [[Third Reich]], kwa Berlin e e tsosolositsweng e e neng e tla bidiwa [[Germania]].<ref>Connolly, Kate (7 May 2009). [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/may/07/nefertiti-bust-berlin-egypt-authenticity "Is this Nefertiti – or a 100-year-old fake?"]. ''The Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210424013058/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/may/07/nefertiti-bust-berlin-egypt-authenticity Archived] from the original on 24 April 2021.</ref> Fela jalo sefikantswe sa dingwaga di le sekete sa Moerdijk se se nang le letshwao la letsatsi la Amarna mo gare ga sona, se ne sa nna karolo ya pontsho ya setheo sa bosetšhaba sa Afrikaner sa motsemogolo wa bone Pretoria. === Phatlha e e sediko ya bodilo === [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Monument, interior from above.jpg|thumb|Fa o leba go tswa mo domeng ya loapi go ya kwa tlase, go ka balwa marang a letsatsi a le masome a mararo le bobedi, a a bontshang tlhotlheletso ya masonic ya boagi .]] Fa o leba go tswa mo domeng ya loapi go ya kwa tlase, pattern ya chevron mo fatshe ga Holo ya Bagaka, e phatsimela kwa ntle jaaka marang a letsatsi a le masome a mararo le bobedi. Mo kagong ya ga Moerdijk, [[letsatsi]] la tlholego le bopa lerang la bomasome a mararo le boraro ka go bulega ga fa fatshe. Moerdijk o rile pattern ya [[chevron]] e e fa fatshe e bontsha metsi,<ref name=":3">Official Opening Program of the Voortrekker Monument 1949</ref> fela jaaka [[hieroglyph ya chevron]] e e gabedi go tswa mo [[Tlhabologo|tlhabologong]] ya [[Egepeto]] wa bogologolo. Moerdijk o boletse gore ditsela tsotlhe mo lefelong la botaki jwa go aga di boela kwa [[Egepeto]] wa bogologolo.<ref name=":2" />^{: 47} Go ikaegilwe ka tshupiso ya ga Moerdijk ya bodilo jwa metsi jwa Ntlolehalahala ya Bagaka, mmogo le dipolelo tsa gagwe ka ga [[Egepeto]] wa bogologolo, go bulega ga bodilo go ka supiwa ka molete wa metsi, jaaka thuto ya tlholego ya tlhabologo ya Aforika wa bogologolo. Go tlhatloga go tswa mo moleteng ono o o metsi, e ne e le thota ya ntlhantlha, letlapa la [[Benben]], go tshwantshetsa popo e ntsha. === Marang a letsatsi a bodumedi === [[Gerard Moerdijk]] e ne e le moagi yo mogolo wa dikereke di le masome a ferabobedi tsa Porotesetanta kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Moerdijk o ne a ngaparela ngwao ya kereke ya [[Reformed]] mme ka jalo letshwao la gagwe la kgwebo la [[Renaissance]], polane ya fa fatshe ya sefapaano sa Segerika, ka metlha le ne le tlhomile mogopolo mo sefaleng le moreri. Mo thutabomodimong ya Boporotesetanta, lefoko la Modimo ke lone le le botlhokwa.<ref name=":2" />^{: 39, 122} Moerdijk o ne a tlhama tsepamisomogopolo e e tshwanang ya botlhokwa mo Sefikantsweng sa Voortrekker, mme ka sefofane se se emeng go na le se se rapaletseng, le ka motlhale wa Seaforika go na le wa Yuropa. Dome e kgolo e e kwa godimo ya sefikantswe e na le lesedi la kwa morago la Egepeto<ref name=":2" />^{: 133} go etsisa loapi, bonno jwa selegodimo jwa Modimo. Ka dome marang a letsatsi a tsenelela kwa tlase, a tlhomolola mafoko ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ka nako ya sethoboloko. Mafoko a a lebaganeng le loapi: "RONA KA WENA, AFORIKA BORWA", ke ntlha ya tsepamisomogopolo ya ga Moerdijk. Mafoko a a tserwe mo pineng, Die Stem: "Re tla tshela, re tla swa, re go direla Aforika Borwa". Pina eo e felela jaana: "Go tla nna sentle, Modimo o a busa." Ka jalo marang a letsatsi a etsisa kgolagano magareng ga mafoko a a mo [[Cenotaph]] le bonno jwa selegodimo jo bo kwa godimo, puisano magareng ga Modimo le motho. Marang a letsatsi a mmatota ka boone a bopa lerang la letsatsi la bo masome a mararo le boraro a a phatsimang mo letlapeng le le fa gare ga go bulega ga fa fatshe. === Maikano a selegodimo === Mo thutabomodimong ya baebele ya ga Moerdijk, Modimo o buisana ka ditsela tse pedi: ka lokwalo le tlholego.<ref>[[:en:Heidelberg_Catechism|Heidelberg Catechism]]</ref> Moerdijk o kopanya mekgwa eno ka bobedi, ka go dirisa letsatsi mo go etsiseng ga gagwe. [[Setshwantsho:Relief of an ox-wagon, Voortrekker Monument.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa kolotsana ya kgomo mo leboteng la ntlo]] Maikano a Batsamai a ne a gopolwa ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro jaaka [[Letsatsi la Maikano]]. Ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro, go bonala ga popego ya [[letsatsi]] e e bonesang mo mafokong a letlapa la [[Cenotaph]], go fetola bokao jwa tsone go ya ka [[Leje la Bafilosofi]] la baitseanape ba alchemy. Mo boemong jwa gore motho yo o kwa tlase a dire maikano a selefatshe, letsatsi le sutisetsa tsepamisomogopolo kwa godimo kwa modimong wa borarobongwe wa Trekkers, jaaka e le Modimo o o buisanang ka boagi jwa letsatsi jwa ga Moerdijk, a itira maikano a selegodimo ka mafoko a a reng: RONA – jaaka mo go MODIMO – GO GO TLHOKOMELA LONA. Ka jalo Modimo mo ngwaong ya tharonngwe ya Trekkers, o bua maikano mo teng ga popo ya letsatsi e e bonesang mafoko a a mo Cenotaph. Tumelo ya Trekker ya gore Modimo o ne o le wa [[Aforika Borwa]] e simolotse go tswa mo maikanong a boferabongwe–lesome le borataro Sedimonthole 1838 a moeteledipele wa Trekker [[Andries Pretorius]] kwa Blood River, yo ka nako e le nngwe a neng a dira dikgolagano tsa sesole le tsa sepolotiki le Bakeresete ba [[maZulu]] jaaka kgosana [[Mpande]]. === Tshimologo ya Egepeto === Moerdijk e ne e le motshegetsi yo o kanotseng sehuba wa boagi jwa bogologolo jwa Egepeto.<ref>Marschall, Sabine (2001). "The Search for Essence: 'Africanness' in 20th Century South African Architecture". ''Southern African Humanities''. '''13''': 139–154. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/EJC84722|10520/EJC84722]].</ref> Moerdijk o ne a bua ka bogolo jwa Aforika jaaka bo abetswe ke dikago tsa bogologolo tsa Egepeto kwa go tlhongweng ga Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker.<ref name=":3" /> Pele ga kakanyetso ya gagwe ya Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker e amogelwa, Moerdijk le [[Anton van Wouw]] ba ne ba ntse ba dira ka kgolagano dingwaga di le dintsi mo porojekeng ya bone ya "kago ya phemelo ya ditoro":<ref>Duffey, A. E. (2006). "'n Egte Lugkasteel: Moerdijk, Van Wouw en die Voortrekkermonument". ''South African Journal of Cultural History'' (in Afrikaans). '''20''' (2): 22–41. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/EJC30675|10520/EJC30675]].</ref> Tempele ya segompieno ya Voortrekker ya Aforika-Egepeto mo Aforika Borwa. Van Wouw le Frans Soff pelenyana ba ne ba dirisitse [[obelisk]] ya Egepeto, marang a a fetogileng letlapa a [[Aten]] ya Aforika, jaaka setshwantsho se se botlhokwa sa [[Sefikantswe sa Bosetšhaba sa Basadi]] kwa [[Bloemfontein]], [[Aforika Borwa]], ka bosone se ne sa tlhongwa ka [[Letsatsi la Maikano]], Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ka 1913. Fa a ntse a konotelela go tlhama Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker ka 1936,<ref name=":2" />^{: 105} Moerdijk o ne a tsaya loeto lwa patlisiso kwa [[Egepeto]]. Koo o ne a etela Tempele ya [[Karnak]] kwa [[Thebes]],<ref name=":2" />^{: 106} kwa [[Tsosoloso|Tsosolosong]] ya Aforika e neng e atlegile gone ka fa tlase ga ga [[Faro Akhenaten]], monna wa ga [[Nefertiti]]. Ditempele tse di bulegileng tsa [[Akhenaten]] go ya kwa [[Aten]] di ne di akaretsa ngwao ya Heliopolitan ya go dirisa marang a letsatsi mo go ageng, mmogo le ditshwantsho tsa sekammatota tse di takilweng mo maboteng kgotsa friezes. Moerdijk o ne a etela gape le [[Motlobo wa ditso wa Cairo]], koo go bontshiwang moriti wa [[Sefela se Segolo sa Aten]] gone, e ditemana dingwe tsa yone di gopotsang [[Pesalema]] ya lekgolo le metso e mene gone. Mosadi wa ga Moerdijk e bong Sylva o ne a bolela gore o ne a tlwaelane thata le boagi jwa bogologolo jwa Egepeto,<ref name=":2" />^{: 106} mme o ne a tlhotlhelediwa thata ka boagi ke ketelo ya gagwe kwa Egepeto.<ref name=":2" />^{: 105}. === Boikaelelo jwa boagi === [[Setshwantsho:Luikstraal, Voortrekkermonument, Pretoria, Suid-Afrika.jpg|left|thumb|Fa o leba kwa godimo mo gare ga sethoboloko ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro o bona lerothodi mo teng ga sediko, hieroglyph ya bogologolo ya Seaforika le Egepeto ya modimo wa mmopi wa Modimo o le mongwe fela [[Aten]].]] [[Setshwantsho:Geloftedag-1-.JPG|thumb|Go leba kwa tlase go tswa mo kgopong]] Moagi, [[Gerard Moerdijk]], o ne a bolela gore boikaelelo jwa kago bo tshwanetse go bonala sentle.<ref name=":2" />^{: 133} Karolo ya letsatsi mo gare ga sethoboloko mo Aforika, e ne e le ka nako ya ga Nefertiti e e neng e itsege jaaka [[Aten]]. Mo ditlhakeng tsa [[hieroglyphic]] tsa Egepeto, Aten o ne a kwalwa e le lerothodi la letsatsi le le dikologilweng ke sediko. Mokwalo wa Aten-hieroglyph o tshwantshitswe mo Sefikantsweng sa Voortrekker fa letsatsi le phatsima ka phatlha e e mo domeng e e kwa godimo. Fela jalo, fa o leba kwa tlase go tswa mo tseleng e e kwa godimo ya dome, go bulega ga fa fatshe mo go sediko go bonwa go dikologa lesedi la popego ya letsatsi. Molaetsa wa ga Moerdijk jaaka o supiwa ke frieze ya lebota: ka go tswa mo [[Cape Colony]] ya Borithane, Modimo o ne a bopa tlhabologo e ntsha kwa teng ga naga. Go leboga popo e ntsha e ya tlhabologo, Moerdijk, a gakologelwa [[Aberehame]] wa bogologolo, o ne a tlhama Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker ka fa ntle jaaka [[aletare]].<ref name=":2" />^{: 130.}  == Kago ya sefikantswe == Mo dingwageng tse di neng tsa latela morago ga go agiwa ga sone, lefelo leno la sefikantswe le ne la atolosiwa makgetlho a le mmalwa mme jaanong le akaretsa: * Tshingwana ya setso e e dikologileng sefikantswe. * [[Setshwantsho:SADF Wall of Remembrance at Voortrekker Monument.jpg|thumb|Lebota la Segopotso le diretsweng ba ba tlhokahetseng fa ba direla [[Sesole sa Tshireletso sa Aforika Borwa]] (SADF).]][[Fort Schanskop]], [[kago ya phemelo]] e e gaufi e e agilweng ka 1897 ke puso ya [[REPHABOLIKI YA AFORIKA BORWA|Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa]] morago ga [[Tlhaselo ya Jameson]]. Ga jaanong jaana ke motlobo wa ditso mme e ne ya tsenngwa mo lefelong la difikantswe ka Seetebosigo 2000. * Lefelo la bobogelo la Schanskop le le bulegileng le le nang le manno a batho ba le makgolo a mararo, masome a matlhano le bosupa le le neng la bulwa semmuso ka Firikgong a le masome a mararo ka 2001. * Tshingwana ya segopotso. * Polokelo ya tlhago e ne ya itsisiwe mo 3.41 km2 go dikologa sefikantswe ka 1992. Diphologolo tse di fitlhelwang mo polokelo di akaretsa [[Pitse ya naga ya dipoa|Dipitse tsa naga]], [[Blesbok]], [[Mountain Reedbuck]], [[Springbok]], [[Black Wildebeest]] le [[Phala]]. * Lebota la Segopotso le le agilweng gaufi le sefikantswe ka 2009. Le agilwe go gopola maloko a [[Sesole sa Tshireletso sa Aforika Borwa]] (SADF) ba ba tlhokafetseng ba direla lefatshe la bone magareng ga 1961 le 1994. * Segopotso se ne sa tlhongwa ka 2012 go gopola batswasetlhabelo ba ditlhaselo tsa [[Sefofane sa Air Rhodesia sa 825]] le sa [[827]], se se bidiwang Masetlapelo a Viscount.<ref>[http://www.rhodesianservices.org/user/image/publication10-2012.pdf "Viscount Memorial Services 2nd September 2012"] (PDF). ''Contact! Contact!''. Tauranga, New Zealand: Rhodesian Services Association. October 2012. pp.&#x20;21–22. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi a supa, 2026.</ref> * Setlhopha sa boswa jwa Afrikaner, se se agilweng ka maikaelelo a go somarela boswa jwa karolo e e buang [[Seburu]] ya baagi ba [[Aforika Borwa]] le seabe sa bone mo ditsong tsa lefatshe. == Metswedi == bc5rrtlgvmguflrm4l8y2ppj656cuer 54548 54546 2026-09-07T12:24:24Z KatieKea 10150 ke tsentse dikarolo 54548 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker''' se kwa borwa jwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Sebopego se sa [[granite]] se beilwe mo godimo ga thaba, mme se ne sa tlhatlosiwa go gopola ba-[[Voortrekker]] ba ba neng ba tswa kwa [[Cape Colony]] magareng ga 1835 le 1854. Se tlhamilwe ke moagi [[Gerard Moerdijk]]. Ka Phukwi a ferabobedi ka 2011, Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker se ne sa itsisiwe jaaka [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Bosetšhaba]] ke [[Setheo sa Didirisiwa tsa Boswa sa Aforikaborwa|Setheo sa Didirisiwa tsa Boswa sa Aforika]] [[Setheo sa Didirisiwa tsa Boswa sa Aforikaborwa|Borwa]].<ref>[[:en:South_African_Heritage_Resource_Agency|South African Heritage Resource Agency]] (29 July 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426005052/http://www.sahra.org.za/voortrekkermonument.pdf "Voortrekker Monument Declared a National Heritage"] (PDF) (Press release). Archived from [http://www.sahra.org.za/voortrekkermonument.pdf the original] (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi a supa, 2026.</ref> == Ditso == Kgopolo ya go aga sefikantswe go tlotla ba Voortrekker e ne ya buiwa la ntlha ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ka 1888, fa Tautona [[Paul Kruger]] wa [[REPHABOLIKI YA AFORIKA BORWA|Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa]] a ne a tseneletse meletlo ya [[Letsatsi la Kgolagano]] kwa [[Danskraal]] kwa [[KwaZulu-Natal|Natale]]. Le fa go ntse jalo, mokgatlho wa go aga sefikantswe se se ntseng jalo tota o ne wa simolola fela ka Moranang a le malatsi a mane ka 1931 fa go ne go tlhamiwa ''Sentrale Volksmonumentekomitee'' (SVK; Komiti ya Bogare ya Difikantswe tsa Batho) go dira gore kgopolo eno e nne le matswela.<ref name=":0">[[iarchive:sim_south-african-panorama_1974-12_19_12|"South African Panorama 1974-12: Vol 19 Iss 12"]]. ''South African Panorama''. Vol.&#x20;19, no.&#x20;12. December 1974 &#x2013; via Internet Archive.</ref>^{: 13}  [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Monument May 2006, IMG 3008.jpg|left|thumb|Voortrekker yo o gobetseng kwa Vegkop, dintlha tsa setshwantsho sa ditso]] Kago e ne ya simolola ka Phukwi a le lesome le boraro ka 1937 ka moletlo wa go fetola mmu o o neng wa dirwa ke modulasetilo wa SVK, Mmueledi [[Ernest George Jansen]], mo go se moragonyana se neng sa itsege jaaka Monument Hill. Ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro 1938 leje la motheo le ne la bewa<ref name=":0" /> ke ditlogolwana tse tharo tsa bangwe ba baeteledipele ba Voortrekker: Mme J.C. Muller (ngwana wa ngwana wa ga [[Andries Pretorius]]), Mme K.F. Ackerman (kokomane ya ga [[Hendrik Potgieter]]) le Mohumagatsana J.C. Peller (kokomane ya ga [[Piet Retief]]) Sefikantswe se ne sa tlhongwa ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro 1949 ke Tonakgolo [[D. F. Malan]].^[^{[[go tlhokega nopolo]]]} Ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa kago ya sefikantswe e ne e le Diponto tse 360,000, bontsi jwa tsone bo ne jwa ntshiwa ke puso ya Aforika Borwa. [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Monument By Sara Buijskes 1949.jpg|thumb|"Sefikantswe Voortrekker 1949" ka Sara Buijskes]] Lefelo le legolo la bobogelo, le le neng le ka tsenya batho ba ka nna dikete tse masome mabedi, le ne la agiwa kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa sefikantswe se ka 1949. == Diponagalokgolo == Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker se bogodimo jwa dimitara di le masome a marataro le bobedi, ka motheo wa dimitara di le masome a mane ka dimitara di le masome a mane.^{[<nowiki/>[[nopolo e tlhokega]]]} Kago eno e tshwana ka boagi le difikantswe tsa Yuropa tse di jaaka [[Dôme des Invalides]] kwa Fora le [[Völkerschlachtdenkmal]] kwa [[Jeremane]], mme gape e na le ditlhotlheletso tsa Aforika.<ref>Grundlingh, Albert (2009). "A Cultural Conundrum? Old Monuments and New Regimes: The Voortrekker Monument as Symbol of Afrikaner Power in a Postapartheid South Africa". In Walkowitz, Daniel J.; Knauer, Lisa Maya (eds.). ''Contested Histories in Public Space: Memory, Race, and Nation''. New York: Duke University Press. p.&#x20;159. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4217-5|978-0-8223-4217-5]]</bdi>.</ref> Dintlha tse pedi tse dikgolo tse di kgatlhang mo teng ga kago ke Frieze ya Hisitori le Cenotaph. [[Setshwantsho:Inside the Voortrekker Monument.JPG|thumb|Seokomelabagwe sa kwa borwa le frieze]] === Frieze ya ditso === Mojako o mogolo wa kago o tsena mo Holong ya Bagaka e e nang le dikhubu. Lebala le le legolo, le potapotilwe ke diokomelabagwe tse nne tse dikgolo tse di dirilweng ka galase e tshetlha ya Belgium, se na le Frieze ya ditso e ikgethileng ya mmabole e e leng karolo e e fa gare ya moralo wa sefikantswe. Ke frieze e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya mmabole mo lefatsheng.<ref>Brockman, Norbert C. (2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNZ15Oow8XcC&q=biggest+marble+frieze+in+the+world&pg=PA594 "Voortrekker Monument, Pretoria, South Africa"]. ''Encyclopedia of Sacred Places''. Vol.&#x20;2: N-Z (2nd&#x20;ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. pp.&#x20;593–594. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-655-3|978-1-59884-655-3]]</bdi>.</ref> Frieze e na le diphanele di le masome a mabedi le bosupa tsa bas-relief tse di bontshang ditso tsa [[Great Trek]], fela di akaretsa ditshupiso tsa botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi, mekgwa ya tiro le ditumelo tsa bodumedi tsa Voortrekker. Setlhopha sa diphanele se bontsha ditiragalo tsa botlhokwa tsa ditso go simolola ka voortrekkers ya ntlha ya 1835, go fitlha ka go saeniwa ga [[Tumalano ya Noka ya Sand]] ka 1852. Setshwantsho se se fa gare se bontsha [[polao ya Piet Retief Delegation]]. Mo gare ga bodilo jwa Holo ya Bagaka go na le phatlha e kgolo e e sediko e ka yone go ka bonwang Cenotaph e e mo Holong ya Cenotaph. [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Cenotaph.jpg|left|thumb|Cenotaph]] === Cenotaph === Cenotaph, e e mo gare ga Holo ya Cenotaph, ke yone e e botlhokwa thata mo sefikantswe seno. Mo godimo ga gore e ka bonwa go tswa mo Holong ya Bagaka e ka bonwa gape go tswa mo domeng e e kwa godimo ga kago, go tswa kwa bontsi jwa bokagare jwa sefikantswe bo ka bonwang teng. Ka go bulega (oculus) mo domeng eno marang a lesedi la letsatsi le phatsima ka oura ya bolesome le bobedi ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ngwaga le ngwaga, le wela mo bogareng jwa Cenotaph, le itaya mafoko a a reng ‘Ons vir Jou, Suid-Afrika’ ([[Seburu]] se kaya ‘Rona ka Wena, Aforika Borwa’), puo go tswa mo ‘[[Die-A Stem Suid-Afrika|Die-A Stem]] [[Die-A Stem Suid-Afrika|Suid-Afrika]]’. Marang a lesedi a tshwantshetsa tshegofatso ya Modimo mo matshelong le mo maitekong a ba-Voortrekker. Sedimonthole 1838 e ne e le letsatsi la [[Ntwa ya Noka ya Madi]], e e neng e gopolwa mo Aforika Borwa pele ga 1994 jaaka [[Letsatsi la Maikano]]. Holo ya Cenotaph e kgabisitswe ka difolaga tsa [[Direphaboliki tse di farologaneng tsa Voortrekker]] mme e na le ditshwantsho tsa mo maboteng tse di bontshang Voortrekkers mmogo le dikgetsi di le mmalwa tsa pontsho tse di nang le dilo tsa botaki go tswa kwa Great Trek. Kgatlhanong le lebota le le kwa bokone la holo go na le lefelo le le nang le lebone le mo go lone kgabo e ntseng e tuka fa e sale ka 1938. E ne e le ka ngwaga oo fa [[Symbolic Ox Wagon Trek]], e e neng ya simolola kwa [[Cape Town]] mme ya felela kwa Monument Hill kwa letlapa la motheo la Sefikantswe le neng la bewa teng, e neng ya diragala. [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Monument Laager.JPG|thumb|160x160px|Lebota la lefelo la go baya dikolotsana le na le dikolotsana di le masome a marataro le bone]] === Dikarolo tse dingwe === Baeti ba sefikantswe seno ba tsena ka kgoro e ntsho ya tshipi e e betlilweng e e nang le setshwantsho sa ''assegai'' (segai). Fa motho a sena go feta ka kgoro o iphitlhela a le mo teng ga ntlo e kgolo e e nang le [[dikolotsana tsa dikgomo]] di le masome a marataro le bone tse di dirilweng ka granite e e kgabisitsweng.<ref name=":0" />^{: 15} Go ne ga dirisiwa palo e e tshwanang ya dikolotsana kwa [[Ntweng ya Noka ya Madi]] go bopa ntlo.^[^{[[go tlhokega nopolo]]]} [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Vrou Statue.JPG|left|thumb|253x253px|Mosadi wa Voortrekker le bana ka Anton van Wouw]] [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Statue.JPG|thumb|240x240px|Sefikantswe sa ga Piet Retief]] Kwa tlase ga sefikantswe go eme setshwantsho se se setilweng sa boronse sa ga [[Anton van Wouw]] sa mosadi wa Voortrekker le bana ba gagwe ba babedi, se tlotla maatla le bopelokgale jwa basadi ba Voortrekker.<ref name=":0" />^{: 15} Mo matlhakoreng oomabedi a sefikantswe seno go betlilwe [[dikgokong]] tse dintsho mo maboteng a sefikantswe. Kgokong e bontsha ka tshwantshetso dikotsi tsa Aforika mme go fofa ga tsone ka tshwantshetso go bolela gore mosadi, mojaki wa tlhabologo ya Bophirima, o fentse. Mo sekhutlong sengwe le sengwe se se kwa ntle sa sefikantswe go na le sefikantswe, ka go latelana se se emelang [[Piet Retief]], [[Andries Pretorius]], [[Hendrik Potgieter]] le moeteledipele yo o "sa itsiweng" (moemedi wa baeteledipele ba bangwe botlhe ba Voortrekker).<ref name=":0" />^{: 15} Sefikantswe sengwe le sengwe se bokete ja ditone di ka nna thataro.^{&#x5B;''[[go tlhokega nopolo]]''&#x5D;} Kwa sekhutlong sa botlhaba jwa sefikantswe, mo maemong a a tshwanang le kgoro ya sone, ke letlapa la motheo, le ka fa tlase ga lone go fitlhilweng moriti wa Maikano a Trekker a Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ka 1838, moriti wa pina ya "Die Stem", le moriti wa tumalano ya lefatshe magareng ga Trekkers ka fa tlase ga Piet Retief le maZulu ka fa tlase ga ga [[Kgosi Dingane]]. === Dikgokagano tsa Sejeremane === Go ya ka Alta Steenkamp, ​​setlhogo se se kwa tlase sa [[Sefikantswe sa Ntwa ya Ditšhaba]] (''Völkerschlachtdenkmal'') kwa [[Leipzig]], kwa Jeremane, se bonala mo Sefikantsweng sa ga Voortrekker ka gonne moagi wa tsone, e bong [[Gerard Moerdijk]], o ne a dirisitse thulaganyo ya dipalp le dilekanyo tsa sebaka sa Völkerschlachtdenkmal.<ref name=":1">Steenkamp, Alta (2009). "A Shared Spatial Symbolism: The Voortrekker Monument, the Völkerslachtdenkmal and Freemasonry". ''South African Journal of Art History''. '''24''' (1): 150–160. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:2263/13998|2263/13998]].</ref> Go dira Sejeremane mono ga Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker go diragetse morago ga gore kakanyetso ya ntlha ya ga Moerdijk o bake selelo sa batho mo bobegadikgannyeng jwa Aforika Borwa ka ntlha ya go tshwana ga sone le [[tempele ya Egepeto]].<ref name=":2">Vermeulen, Irma (1999). ''Man en Monument: Die Lewe en Werk van Gerard Moerdijk'' (in Afrikaans). Pretoria: J. L. van Schaik. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-627-02446-7|0-627-02446-7]].</bdi></ref>^{: 128} Mo kakanyetsong ya ntlha ya ga Moerdijk, sefikantswe se se neng se na le ditsela tse pedi tsa Egepeto tsa di-[[obelisk]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />^{: 128}  Fa Moerdijk a ne a feleletsa go dira polane ya gagwe ya Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker, o ne a etela kwa [[Egepeto]] ka 1936, go akaretsa le Tempele ya [[Karnak]] kwa [[Thebes]].<ref name=":2" />^{: 105} Kwa Thebes, faro [[Akhenaten]], monna wa ga [[Nefertiti]], o ne a agile mafelo a mararo a boitshepo a letsatsi, go akaretsa le Hwt-benben (‘ntlo e kgolo ya Ba-[[Benben]]’). Ntlha e e tlhageletseng thata ya sefikantswe sa ga Moerdijk ke go bonesiwa ga letsatsi ga ngwaga le ngwaga mo gare ga sethoboloko ga letlapa la Benben, cenotaph e e tsenngwang. [[Setshwantsho:Sun on stone.JPG|thumb|Cenotaph ke lebitla la tshwantshetso la ga Piet Retief le baemedi ba gagwe.]] Mo dingwageng tse di tlang pele ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, barati ba bosetšhaba ba le mmalwa ba [[Afrikaner]] ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya kwa Jeremane go ya go ithuta thuto, sepolotiki le setso. Ka 1928 Moerdijk o ne a etela Jeremane, mme a leba setshwantsho sa Amarna sa ga [[Nefertiti]] se se neng se bontshiwa phatlalatsa kwa Berlin. Ka 1934 Mokhanselara [[Hitler]] o ne a dirile tshwetso ya gore Jeremane ga e kitla e busetsa setshwantsho sa ga [[Nefertiti]] sa Amarna kwa [[Egepeto]]. Go na le moo o ne a itsise maikaelelo a go dirisa setshwantsho sa ga Amarna jaaka karolo e e botlhokwa ya pontsho ya dingwaga di le sekete tsa [[Third Reich]], kwa Berlin e e tsosolositsweng e e neng e tla bidiwa [[Germania]].<ref>Connolly, Kate (7 May 2009). [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/may/07/nefertiti-bust-berlin-egypt-authenticity "Is this Nefertiti – or a 100-year-old fake?"]. ''The Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210424013058/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/may/07/nefertiti-bust-berlin-egypt-authenticity Archived] from the original on 24 April 2021.</ref> Fela jalo sefikantswe sa dingwaga di le sekete sa Moerdijk se se nang le letshwao la letsatsi la Amarna mo gare ga sona, se ne sa nna karolo ya pontsho ya setheo sa bosetšhaba sa Afrikaner sa motsemogolo wa bone Pretoria. === Phatlha e e sediko ya bodilo === [[Setshwantsho:Voortrekker Monument, interior from above.jpg|thumb|Fa o leba go tswa mo domeng ya loapi go ya kwa tlase, go ka balwa marang a letsatsi a le masome a mararo le bobedi, a a bontshang tlhotlheletso ya masonic ya boagi .]] Fa o leba go tswa mo domeng ya loapi go ya kwa tlase, pattern ya chevron mo fatshe ga Holo ya Bagaka, e phatsimela kwa ntle jaaka marang a letsatsi a le masome a mararo le bobedi. Mo kagong ya ga Moerdijk, [[letsatsi]] la tlholego le bopa lerang la bomasome a mararo le boraro ka go bulega ga fa fatshe. Moerdijk o rile pattern ya [[chevron]] e e fa fatshe e bontsha metsi,<ref name=":3">Official Opening Program of the Voortrekker Monument 1949</ref> fela jaaka [[hieroglyph ya chevron]] e e gabedi go tswa mo [[Tlhabologo|tlhabologong]] ya [[Egepeto]] wa bogologolo. Moerdijk o boletse gore ditsela tsotlhe mo lefelong la botaki jwa go aga di boela kwa [[Egepeto]] wa bogologolo.<ref name=":2" />^{: 47} Go ikaegilwe ka tshupiso ya ga Moerdijk ya bodilo jwa metsi jwa Ntlolehalahala ya Bagaka, mmogo le dipolelo tsa gagwe ka ga [[Egepeto]] wa bogologolo, go bulega ga bodilo go ka supiwa ka molete wa metsi, jaaka thuto ya tlholego ya tlhabologo ya Aforika wa bogologolo. Go tlhatloga go tswa mo moleteng ono o o metsi, e ne e le thota ya ntlhantlha, letlapa la [[Benben]], go tshwantshetsa popo e ntsha. === Marang a letsatsi a bodumedi === [[Gerard Moerdijk]] e ne e le moagi yo mogolo wa dikereke di le masome a ferabobedi tsa Porotesetanta kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Moerdijk o ne a ngaparela ngwao ya kereke ya [[Reformed]] mme ka jalo letshwao la gagwe la kgwebo la [[Renaissance]], polane ya fa fatshe ya sefapaano sa Segerika, ka metlha le ne le tlhomile mogopolo mo sefaleng le moreri. Mo thutabomodimong ya Boporotesetanta, lefoko la Modimo ke lone le le botlhokwa.<ref name=":2" />^{: 39, 122} Moerdijk o ne a tlhama tsepamisomogopolo e e tshwanang ya botlhokwa mo Sefikantsweng sa Voortrekker, mme ka sefofane se se emeng go na le se se rapaletseng, le ka motlhale wa Seaforika go na le wa Yuropa. Dome e kgolo e e kwa godimo ya sefikantswe e na le lesedi la kwa morago la Egepeto<ref name=":2" />^{: 133} go etsisa loapi, bonno jwa selegodimo jwa Modimo. Ka dome marang a letsatsi a tsenelela kwa tlase, a tlhomolola mafoko ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ka nako ya sethoboloko. Mafoko a a lebaganeng le loapi: "RONA KA WENA, AFORIKA BORWA", ke ntlha ya tsepamisomogopolo ya ga Moerdijk. Mafoko a a tserwe mo pineng, Die Stem: "Re tla tshela, re tla swa, re go direla Aforika Borwa". Pina eo e felela jaana: "Go tla nna sentle, Modimo o a busa." Ka jalo marang a letsatsi a etsisa kgolagano magareng ga mafoko a a mo [[Cenotaph]] le bonno jwa selegodimo jo bo kwa godimo, puisano magareng ga Modimo le motho. Marang a letsatsi a mmatota ka boone a bopa lerang la letsatsi la bo masome a mararo le boraro a a phatsimang mo letlapeng le le fa gare ga go bulega ga fa fatshe. === Maikano a selegodimo === Mo thutabomodimong ya baebele ya ga Moerdijk, Modimo o buisana ka ditsela tse pedi: ka lokwalo le tlholego.<ref>[[:en:Heidelberg_Catechism|Heidelberg Catechism]]</ref> Moerdijk o kopanya mekgwa eno ka bobedi, ka go dirisa letsatsi mo go etsiseng ga gagwe. [[Setshwantsho:Relief of an ox-wagon, Voortrekker Monument.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa kolotsana ya kgomo mo leboteng la ntlo]] Maikano a Batsamai a ne a gopolwa ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro jaaka [[Letsatsi la Maikano]]. Ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro, go bonala ga popego ya [[letsatsi]] e e bonesang mo mafokong a letlapa la [[Cenotaph]], go fetola bokao jwa tsone go ya ka [[Leje la Bafilosofi]] la baitseanape ba alchemy. Mo boemong jwa gore motho yo o kwa tlase a dire maikano a selefatshe, letsatsi le sutisetsa tsepamisomogopolo kwa godimo kwa modimong wa borarobongwe wa Trekkers, jaaka e le Modimo o o buisanang ka boagi jwa letsatsi jwa ga Moerdijk, a itira maikano a selegodimo ka mafoko a a reng: RONA – jaaka mo go MODIMO – GO GO TLHOKOMELA LONA. Ka jalo Modimo mo ngwaong ya tharonngwe ya Trekkers, o bua maikano mo teng ga popo ya letsatsi e e bonesang mafoko a a mo Cenotaph. Tumelo ya Trekker ya gore Modimo o ne o le wa [[Aforika Borwa]] e simolotse go tswa mo maikanong a boferabongwe–lesome le borataro Sedimonthole 1838 a moeteledipele wa Trekker [[Andries Pretorius]] kwa Blood River, yo ka nako e le nngwe a neng a dira dikgolagano tsa sesole le tsa sepolotiki le Bakeresete ba [[maZulu]] jaaka kgosana [[Mpande]]. === Tshimologo ya Egepeto === Moerdijk e ne e le motshegetsi yo o kanotseng sehuba wa boagi jwa bogologolo jwa Egepeto.<ref>Marschall, Sabine (2001). "The Search for Essence: 'Africanness' in 20th Century South African Architecture". ''Southern African Humanities''. '''13''': 139–154. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/EJC84722|10520/EJC84722]].</ref> Moerdijk o ne a bua ka bogolo jwa Aforika jaaka bo abetswe ke dikago tsa bogologolo tsa Egepeto kwa go tlhongweng ga Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker.<ref name=":3" /> Pele ga kakanyetso ya gagwe ya Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker e amogelwa, Moerdijk le [[Anton van Wouw]] ba ne ba ntse ba dira ka kgolagano dingwaga di le dintsi mo porojekeng ya bone ya "kago ya phemelo ya ditoro":<ref>Duffey, A. E. (2006). "'n Egte Lugkasteel: Moerdijk, Van Wouw en die Voortrekkermonument". ''South African Journal of Cultural History'' (in Afrikaans). '''20''' (2): 22–41. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/EJC30675|10520/EJC30675]].</ref> Tempele ya segompieno ya Voortrekker ya Aforika-Egepeto mo Aforika Borwa. Van Wouw le Frans Soff pelenyana ba ne ba dirisitse [[obelisk]] ya Egepeto, marang a a fetogileng letlapa a [[Aten]] ya Aforika, jaaka setshwantsho se se botlhokwa sa [[Sefikantswe sa Bosetšhaba sa Basadi]] kwa [[Bloemfontein]], [[Aforika Borwa]], ka bosone se ne sa tlhongwa ka [[Letsatsi la Maikano]], Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro ka 1913. Fa a ntse a konotelela go tlhama Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker ka 1936,<ref name=":2" />^{: 105} Moerdijk o ne a tsaya loeto lwa patlisiso kwa [[Egepeto]]. Koo o ne a etela Tempele ya [[Karnak]] kwa [[Thebes]],<ref name=":2" />^{: 106} kwa [[Tsosoloso|Tsosolosong]] ya Aforika e neng e atlegile gone ka fa tlase ga ga [[Faro Akhenaten]], monna wa ga [[Nefertiti]]. Ditempele tse di bulegileng tsa [[Akhenaten]] go ya kwa [[Aten]] di ne di akaretsa ngwao ya Heliopolitan ya go dirisa marang a letsatsi mo go ageng, mmogo le ditshwantsho tsa sekammatota tse di takilweng mo maboteng kgotsa friezes. Moerdijk o ne a etela gape le [[Motlobo wa ditso wa Cairo]], koo go bontshiwang moriti wa [[Sefela se Segolo sa Aten]] gone, e ditemana dingwe tsa yone di gopotsang [[Pesalema]] ya lekgolo le metso e mene gone. Mosadi wa ga Moerdijk e bong Sylva o ne a bolela gore o ne a tlwaelane thata le boagi jwa bogologolo jwa Egepeto,<ref name=":2" />^{: 106} mme o ne a tlhotlhelediwa thata ka boagi ke ketelo ya gagwe kwa Egepeto.<ref name=":2" />^{: 105}. === Boikaelelo jwa boagi === [[Setshwantsho:Luikstraal, Voortrekkermonument, Pretoria, Suid-Afrika.jpg|left|thumb|Fa o leba kwa godimo mo gare ga sethoboloko ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro o bona lerothodi mo teng ga sediko, hieroglyph ya bogologolo ya Seaforika le Egepeto ya modimo wa mmopi wa Modimo o le mongwe fela [[Aten]].]] [[Setshwantsho:Geloftedag-1-.JPG|thumb|Go leba kwa tlase go tswa mo kgopong]] Moagi, [[Gerard Moerdijk]], o ne a bolela gore boikaelelo jwa kago bo tshwanetse go bonala sentle.<ref name=":2" />^{: 133} Karolo ya letsatsi mo gare ga sethoboloko mo Aforika, e ne e le ka nako ya ga Nefertiti e e neng e itsege jaaka [[Aten]]. Mo ditlhakeng tsa [[hieroglyphic]] tsa Egepeto, Aten o ne a kwalwa e le lerothodi la letsatsi le le dikologilweng ke sediko. Mokwalo wa Aten-hieroglyph o tshwantshitswe mo Sefikantsweng sa Voortrekker fa letsatsi le phatsima ka phatlha e e mo domeng e e kwa godimo. Fela jalo, fa o leba kwa tlase go tswa mo tseleng e e kwa godimo ya dome, go bulega ga fa fatshe mo go sediko go bonwa go dikologa lesedi la popego ya letsatsi. Molaetsa wa ga Moerdijk jaaka o supiwa ke frieze ya lebota: ka go tswa mo [[Cape Colony]] ya Borithane, Modimo o ne a bopa tlhabologo e ntsha kwa teng ga naga. Go leboga popo e ntsha e ya tlhabologo, Moerdijk, a gakologelwa [[Aberehame]] wa bogologolo, o ne a tlhama Sefikantswe sa Voortrekker ka fa ntle jaaka [[aletare]].<ref name=":2" />^{: 130.}  == Kago ya sefikantswe == Mo dingwageng tse di neng tsa latela morago ga go agiwa ga sone, lefelo leno la sefikantswe le ne la atolosiwa makgetlho a le mmalwa mme jaanong le akaretsa: * Tshingwana ya setso e e dikologileng sefikantswe. * [[Setshwantsho:SADF Wall of Remembrance at Voortrekker Monument.jpg|thumb|Lebota la Segopotso le diretsweng ba ba tlhokahetseng fa ba direla [[Sesole sa Tshireletso sa Aforika Borwa]] (SADF).]][[Fort Schanskop]], [[kago ya phemelo]] e e gaufi e e agilweng ka 1897 ke puso ya [[REPHABOLIKI YA AFORIKA BORWA|Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa]] morago ga [[Tlhaselo ya Jameson]]. Ga jaanong jaana ke motlobo wa ditso mme e ne ya tsenngwa mo lefelong la difikantswe ka Seetebosigo 2000. * Lefelo la bobogelo la Schanskop le le bulegileng le le nang le manno a batho ba le makgolo a mararo, masome a matlhano le bosupa le le neng la bulwa semmuso ka Firikgong a le masome a mararo ka 2001. * Tshingwana ya segopotso. * Polokelo ya tlhago e ne ya itsisiwe mo 3.41 km2 go dikologa sefikantswe ka 1992. Diphologolo tse di fitlhelwang mo polokelo di akaretsa [[Pitse ya naga ya dipoa|Dipitse tsa naga]], [[Blesbok]], [[Mountain Reedbuck]], [[Springbok]], [[Black Wildebeest]] le [[Phala]]. * Lebota la Segopotso le le agilweng gaufi le sefikantswe ka 2009. Le agilwe go gopola maloko a [[Sesole sa Tshireletso sa Aforika Borwa]] (SADF) ba ba tlhokafetseng ba direla lefatshe la bone magareng ga 1961 le 1994. * Segopotso se ne sa tlhongwa ka 2012 go gopola batswasetlhabelo ba ditlhaselo tsa [[Sefofane sa Air Rhodesia sa 825]] le sa [[827]], se se bidiwang Masetlapelo a Viscount.<ref>[http://www.rhodesianservices.org/user/image/publication10-2012.pdf "Viscount Memorial Services 2nd September 2012"] (PDF). ''Contact! Contact!''. Tauranga, New Zealand: Rhodesian Services Association. October 2012. pp.&#x20;21–22. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi a supa, 2026.</ref> * Setlhopha sa boswa jwa Afrikaner, se se agilweng ka maikaelelo a go somarela boswa jwa karolo e e buang [[Seburu]] ya baagi ba [[Aforika Borwa]] le seabe sa bone mo ditsong tsa lefatshe. == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Metlobo ya ditso kwa Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Great Trek]] [[Karolo:Metlobo ya ditso kwa Pretoria]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Ditso tsa Pretoria]] mcls40ohhqc7676fhy9ucm2saz9cl6w 0 14970 54547 2026-09-07T12:23:31Z O Phelelo 12901 matshwao 54547 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Kankere.jpg|508x508px]]<nowiki>'Kankere''' ke setlhopha sa malwetse a mmele a a simololang fa disele dingwe di simolola go gola le go ikatisa ka tsela e e sa laolegeng. Disele tseno di ka tlhasela dithishu tse di gaufi mme tsa anamela kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa mmele. Tsamaiso ya kankere go tswa kwa lefelong le e simologileng kwa go lone go ya kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa mmele e bidiwa '''metastasis'</nowiki>[https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer]<ref>|website=World Health Organization |date=3 July 2026}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki></ref> Kankere e ka simologa mo e ka nnang karolong nngwe le nngwe ya mmele. Go na le mefuta e mentsi ya kankere, mme gantsi e newa leina go ya ka setho kgotsa dithishu tse e simologang mo go tsone, jaaka kankere ya letswele, makgwafo, mala kgotsa letlalo.<ref>cite web |title=What Is Cancer? |url=<nowiki>https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer</nowiki> |website=National Cancer Institute}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki></ref> Kankere e ka nna teng ka ntlha ya diphetogo mo dijeneng tse di laolang tsela e disele di golang le go ikatisa ka yone. Diphetogo tseno di ka ruangwa mo batsading, tsa diragala ka phoso fa disele di ikatisa, kgotsa tsa bakwa ke dilo tse di mo tikologong.<ref>ref>{{cite web |title=What Is Cancer? |url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer |website=National Cancer Institute}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki></ref> Dilo dingwe tse di oketsang kgonagalo ya go nna le kankere di akaretsa tiriso ya motsoko, go nwa bojalwa thata, boima jwa mmele jo bo kwa godimo, go sa je dijo tse di siameng, go tlhoka go itshidila mmele, kgotlelo ya mowa le go kopana le dikhemikale kgotsa marang a a kotsi. Ditshwaetso dingwe, go akaretsa papillomavirus (HPV) le hepatitis B le C, le tsone di ka oketsa kgonagalo ya mefuta mengwe ya kankere.<ref>ref>{{cite web |date=3 July 2026 |title=Cancer |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer |website=World Health Organization}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki></ref> Tlhatlhobo ya kankere e ikaegile ka mofuta wa kankere le karolo ya mmele e e belaelwang. Dingaka di ka dirisa tlhatlhobo ya mmele, diteko tsa laboratori, ditshwantsho tsa kalafi le diteko tse dingwe go lemoga kankere le go bona gore e anametse go le kae.<ref>{cite web |title=About Cancer |url=<nowiki>https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer</nowiki> |website=National Cancer Institute}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki></ref> Kalafi ya kankere e ikaegile ka mofuta wa kankere, legato la yone le maemo a motho. Kalafi e ka akaretsa <nowiki>'''opereishene''', '''radiotherapy''', '''chemotherapy''', kalafi ya dihoromone, '''immunotherapy''' kgotsa '''targeted therapy'''</nowiki>. Mefuta e mengwe ya kankere e ka tlhoka motswako wa kalafi tse di farologaneng.<ref>cite web |title=Types of Cancer Treatment |url=<nowiki>https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types</nowiki> |website=National Cancer Institute}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki></ref> Kankere ke nngwe ya dilo tse dikgolo tse di bakang loso mo lefatsheng. Go ya ka World Health Organization, go ne ga nna le batho ba ba ka nnang dimilione di le 10 ba ba bolailweng ke kankere ka 2024. Mefuta e e neng e na le palo e kgolo ya malwetse a masha e ne e akaretsa kankere ya makgwafo, letswelele le mala.<ref>{cite web |title=Cancer |url=<nowiki>https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer</nowiki> |website=World Health Organization |date=3 July 2026}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki></ref> rjt8dfltf3zwa7dy70hp792xu5chie2 0 14971 54549 2026-09-07T12:37:08Z Stumatha 12502 Ke tlhamile athikele ka motse wa me 54549 wikitext text/x-wiki = Motse wa Kopela: Setšhaba sa Boitshoko kwa Bokone Bophirima = '''Kopela''' ke motsana o o kwa '''Porofenseng ya Bokone Bophirima''', mo '''Mmasepaleng wa Selegae wa Tswaing''', mo '''Mmasepaleng wa Kgaolo wa Ngaka Modiri Molema'''. Motsana ono o mo lefelong la magaeng le le nang le diphuthego tse di bulegileng, mafelo a temo le metse e e agilweng ke ditšhaba tse di atamalaneng. Kopela ga se lefelo fela le le fitlhelwang mo mmapeng. Ke legae la malapa, bana, basha, bagolo, baeteledipele ba setso, mekgatlho ya setšhaba le batho ba ba tshetseng botshelo jwa bone mo motsaneng ono. Jaaka metse e mentsi ya kwa magaeng mo Afrika Borwa, Kopela e lebane le dikgwetlho tse di farologaneng, segolobogolo mo ditirong tsa puso, metheo ya motheo le phitlhelelo ya ditirelo tse di botlhokwa. == Setso le Botsalano jwa Setšhaba == Botshelo jwa batho ba Kopela bo amana thata le '''setso sa Batswana''', botsalano le boeteledipele jwa setso. Baagi ba motsana ba thusana mme ba kopana mo dipokanong tsa setšhaba go buisana ka dikgang tse di amang matshelo a bone. Kgotla ya setso le yone e na le seabe se segolo mo go kopanyeng baagi. Ka 2016, Kgotla ya Kopela e ne ya tlhophiwa go nna lefelo la go tlhoma '''Tswaing Reconciliation, Healing and Renewal Forum''', e leng foramo e e neng e ikaeletse go thusa setšhaba go aga kagiso, poelano le kutlwano. Seno se bontsha gore setso le boeteledipele jwa setso di santse di le botlhokwa mo botshelong jwa baagi ba Kopela. == Bothata jwa Metsi == Nngwe ya dikgwetlho tse dikgolo tse Kopela e kileng ya lebana le tsone ke '''go tlhoka metsi a a lekaneng le a a ikanyegang'''. Ditirelo tsa metsi le tsamaiso ya leswe mo lefelong la Tswaing di tsamaisiwa ke Mmasepala wa Kgaolo wa Ngaka Modiri Molema.<ref>'''Republic of South Africa. (2015).''' ''North West Local Government intervention task team restores water provision in Ngaka Modiri Molema.'' South African Government. Motswedi ono o thusa go tlhalosa dikgwetlho tsa metsi le maiteko a puso a go tokafatsa metheo ya metsi mo Kgaolong ya Ngaka Modiri Molema. </ref> Go tlhoka metsi go nnile bothata jo bo amang malapa mo dikarolong dingwe tsa Kopela ka lobaka lo loleele. Fa metsi a sa bonale ka metlha, baagi ba pateletsega go batla metsi kwa mafelong a mangwe. Seno se ama botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi, bana ba ba yang sekolong, temo, leruo, dikgwebo tse dinnye le botsogo jwa batho. Ka 2026, go ne ga begwa gape ka mathata a metsi mo Kopela, segolobogolo mo karolong ya Rapulana. Go ne ga tsoga dingongorego ka diporojeke tsa metsi tse di neng di sa wediwa kgotsa tse di neng di sa dire sentle. Bothata jwa metsi bo bontsha botlhokwa jwa gore metse ya kwa magaeng e nne le ditirelo tsa motheo tse di ikanyegang. == Dipelaelo tsa Baagi le Ditshupetso == Kopela e kile ya nna mo ditlhogong tsa dikgang ka ntlha ya '''ditshupetso tsa baagi tse di amanang le ditirelo tsa puso''', segolobogolo metsi. Ka 2015, go ne ga nna le ditshupetso tse di neng tsa felela ka tshenyo e kgolo ya dithoto. Dikolo di le tharo le tliliniki di ne tsa fisiwa.<ref>'''Republic of South Africa. (2015).''' ''MEC Magome Masike visits Kopela Clinic.'' South African Government, 5 October 2015. Motswedi ono o bua ka tshenyo ya Kopela Clinic le dikgato tsa nakwana tse di neng tsa tsewa go netefatsa gore baagi ba tswelela go bona ditirelo tsa botsogo.</ref> Tshenyo eno e ne ya ama thuto le ditirelo tsa botsogo mo motsaneng. Le fa ditiragalo tseo e ne e le karolo e e botlhoko ya hisitori ya Kopela, di ne tsa bontsha gape bogolo jwa dingongorego tse baagi ba neng ba di tsosa.<ref>'''Republic of South Africa. (2015).''' ''MEC Magome Masike visits Kopela Clinic.'' South African Government, 5 October 2015. Motswedi ono o bua ka tshenyo ya Kopela Clinic le dikgato tsa nakwana tse di neng tsa tsewa go netefatsa gore baagi ba tswelela go bona ditirelo tsa botsogo. </ref> Morago ga ditshupetso tseo, puso ya porofense e ne ya tsaya dikgato tsa go batla ditharabololo tsa bothata jwa metsi. Go ne ga nna le dikomiti tse di neng di akaretsa baemedi ba puso ya selegae, baeteledipele ba setso le mafapha a a amegang. == Thuto le Bokamoso jwa Basha == '''Thuto''' ke nngwe ya dilo tse di botlhokwa thata mo bokamosong jwa Kopela. Bana le basha ba motsana ke bone ba tla tsayang boikarabelo jwa go aga setšhaba mo isagong. Ditiragalo tsa 2015 di ne tsa bontsha gore mathata a setšhaba a ka ama thuto ka bonako. Fa dikolo di senyega, bana ba kgoreletsega mo dithutong tsa bone. Go botlhokwa gore basha ba Kopela ba fiwe ditshono tsa thuto e e siameng, katiso ya ditiro, metshameko le menyetla ya ditiro. Basha ba ba nang le kitso le bokgoni ba ka nna le seabe se segolo mo tlhabololong ya motse. Mekgatlho ya setšhaba le yone e thusa batho ba ba tlhokang thuso. Mekgatlho mengwe e e dirang mo lefelong la Kopela e thusa ka dilo tse di jaaka dijo, thuto, tshegetso ya maikutlo le ditirelo tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. == Ikonomi le Ditshono tsa Tlhabololo == Kopela ke motsana wa kwa magaeng, ka jalo '''temo''' le ditiro tse dinnye tsa ikonomi di ka nna le seabe se segolo mo matshelong a baagi. Baagi ba ka tsweletsa temo ya dijalo, leruo, dikgwebo tse dinnye, dikoporase, kgwebisano le ditiro tse di ikaegileng ka bokgoni jwa batho. Metsi a a ikanyegang a botlhokwa thata mo tlhabololong ya ikonomi ya kwa magaeng. Fa baagi ba na le metsi a a lekaneng, ba ka kgona go lema merogo, go tlhokomela diruiwa le go simolola dikgwebo tse di dirisang metsi.<ref>'''Department of Water and Sanitation. (2016).''' ''Minister Nomvula Mokonyane notes remarkable water supply improvements.'' South African Government, 23 May 2016. Motswedi ono o bua ka tokafatso ya phitlhelelo ya metsi kwa Kopela, go akaretsa go tsenngwa ga dipompo tse 100 tsa metsi le gore Kopela e ne e abelana motswedi wa metsi le Direetsane le Ntuwane. </ref> Go na le gape maano a a amanang le '''tlhabololo ya matlo kwa Kopela'''. Seno se ka thusa go tokafatsa maemo a bonno le matshelo a malapa mo motsaneng. == Dikgwetlho tse Kopela e Lebaneng le Tsone == Le fa Kopela e na le ditshono tse dintsi, e santse e lebane le dikgwetlho tse di tlhokang go rarabololwa. Tseno di akaretsa: * go tlhoka metsi a a ikanyegang; * tlhokomelo le tokafatso ya ditsela; * tlhokomelo ya metheo ya motheo; * go tlhoka ditiro, segolobogolo mo basheng; * go tokafatsa thuto; * go tokafatsa ditirelo tsa botsogo; * go oketsa ditshono tsa dikgwebo le temo; le * go netefatsa gore baagi ba nna le seabe mo ditshwetsong tse di amang motse wa bone. Go rarabolola dikgwetlho tseno go tlhoka tirisanommogo magareng ga baagi, baeteledipele ba setso, bommasepala, puso ya porofense le ya bosetšhaba, mekgatlho ya setšhaba le dikgwebo tsa mo lefelong. == Bokamoso jwa Kopela == Bokamoso jwa Kopela bo ikaegile thata ka bokgoni jwa baagi le puso jwa go dira mmogo. Fa ditirelo tsa metsi le tsa motheo di tokafadiwa, basha ba fiwa thuto le bokgoni, mme go nna le ditshono tsa ditiro le dikgwebo, maemo a botshelo a ka tokafala thata.<ref>'''Republic of South Africa. (2016).''' ''Premier Supra Mahumapelo establishes Tswaing Reconciliation, Healing and Renewal Forum.'' South African Government, 5 October 2016. Motswedi ono o netefatsa gore '''Kopela Tribal Kgotla''' e ne ya dirisiwa mo go tlhomiweng ga foramo ya poelano, phodiso le tsosoloso ya setšhaba sa Tswaing.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, Kopela ga e a tshwanela go itsege fela ka mathata a yone. Ke motsana o o nang le '''batho ba ba pelokgale, setso se se nonofileng le setšhaba se se nang le moya wa go thusana'''. Baagi ba Kopela ba ka dirisa bokgoni le kitso ya bone go aga bokamoso jo bo botoka. Ka tirisanommogo le boeteledipele jo bo siameng, motsana ono o ka nna le seabe se segolo mo tlhabololong ya Tswaing le ya Porofense ya Bokone Bophirima.<ref>'''Republic of South Africa. (2015).''' ''MEC Magome Masike visits Kopela Clinic.'' South African Government, 5 October 2015. Motswedi ono o bua ka tshenyo ya Kopela Clinic le dikgato tsa nakwana tse di neng tsa tsewa go netefatsa gore baagi ba tswelela go bona ditirelo tsa botsogo.</ref> == Bokhutlo == Kopela ke motsana wa botlhokwa mo Porofenseng ya Bokone Bophirima, o o mo Mmasepaleng wa Selegae wa Tswaing le mo Kgaolong ya Ngaka Modiri Molema. Hisitori ya one e bontsha dikgwetlho tse metse ya kwa magaeng e lebanang le tsone, segolobogolo mo metsing, ditirelong tsa motheo, thutong le ditshikinyegong tsa ikonomi.<ref>'''South African Government. (2015).''' ''Committee to resolve protests in Kopela.'' SAnews, 4 October 2015. E tlhalosa ditshupetso tse di neng di amana le metsi le seabe sa Mmasepala wa Tswaing, Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality le baeteledipele ba setso mo go batleng tharabololo.</ref> Le fa dikgwetlho tseno di le teng, batho ba Kopela ba tsweletse go bontsha '''boitshoko, kutlwano le lorato lwa motse wa bone'''. Ka ditirelo tse di siameng, seabe se se nonofileng sa baagi, thuto e e botoka le ditshono tsa ikonomi, Kopela e ka nna motse o o nonofileng le o o atlegileng mo isagong.<ref>'''Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (CoGTA). (2020).''' ''Profile: Ngaka Modiri Molema District.'' Republic of South Africa. Pegelo eno e tlhalosa maemo a metsi le tsamaiso ya metsi mo Kgaolong ya Ngaka Modiri Molema, e bile e bontsha gore kgaolo ke lefelo le le nang le kgatelelo ya metsi</ref> Kopela ke lefelo le le nang le hisitori, setso le batho ba ba nang le tsholofelo. Bokamoso jwa yone bo ka agiwa ke batho ba yone, ka thuso ya puso le balekane ba bangwe ba tlhabololo. === Ditshupiso === # '''Republic of South Africa. (2015).''' ''Premier Supra Mahumapelo intervenes in Kopela village following a violent service delivery protest.'' North West Office of the Premier, 2 October 2015. Motswedi ono o tlhalosa ditshupetso tsa 2015, go fisiwa ga dikolo di le tharo le tliliniki, le go tlhomiwa ga komiti ya go batla tharabololo ya bothata jwa metsi kwa Kopela. # '''South African Government. (2015).''' ''Committee to resolve protests in Kopela.'' SAnews, 4 October 2015. E tlhalosa ditshupetso tse di neng di amana le metsi le seabe sa Mmasepala wa Tswaing, Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality le baeteledipele ba setso mo go batleng tharabololo. # '''Republic of South Africa. (2015).''' ''MEC Magome Masike visits Kopela Clinic.'' South African Government, 5 October 2015. Motswedi ono o bua ka tshenyo ya Kopela Clinic le dikgato tsa nakwana tse di neng tsa tsewa go netefatsa gore baagi ba tswelela go bona ditirelo tsa botsogo. # '''Republic of South Africa. (2016).''' ''Premier Supra Mahumapelo establishes Tswaing Reconciliation, Healing and Renewal Forum.'' South African Government, 5 October 2016. Motswedi ono o netefatsa gore '''Kopela Tribal Kgotla''' e ne ya dirisiwa mo go tlhomiweng ga foramo ya poelano, phodiso le tsosoloso ya setšhaba sa Tswaing. # '''Department of Water and Sanitation. (2016).''' ''Minister Nomvula Mokonyane notes remarkable water supply improvements.'' South African Government, 23 May 2016. Motswedi ono o bua ka tokafatso ya phitlhelelo ya metsi kwa Kopela, go akaretsa go tsenngwa ga dipompo tse 100 tsa metsi le gore Kopela e ne e abelana motswedi wa metsi le Direetsane le Ntuwane. # '''Republic of South Africa. (2015).''' ''North West Local Government intervention task team restores water provision in Ngaka Modiri Molema.'' South African Government. Motswedi ono o thusa go tlhalosa dikgwetlho tsa metsi le maiteko a puso a go tokafatsa metheo ya metsi mo Kgaolong ya Ngaka Modiri Molema. # '''Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (CoGTA). (2020).''' ''Profile: Ngaka Modiri Molema District.'' Republic of South Africa. Pegelo eno e tlhalosa maemo a metsi le tsamaiso ya metsi mo Kgaolong ya Ngaka Modiri Molema, e bile e bontsha gore kgaolo ke lefelo le le nang le kgatelelo ya metsi. [[Karolo:Motse selegae]] l23ntlwdbyd6rhj66kd0jg0xyg4ugpj 0 14972 54550 2026-09-07T13:03:27Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e 54550 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe''' (bo bidiwa /[[mɑːˈpuːnɡuːbweɪ]]/ [[mah-POON-goob-weh]]) e ne e le puso ya bogologolo<ref>Huffman, Thomas (2005). ''[https://archive.org/details/mapungubweancien0000huff/mode/2up?view=theater Mapungubwe: Ancient African civilisation on the Limpopo]''. Wits University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-86814-408-2|978-1-86814-408-2]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Wingfield, Chris; Giblin, John; King, Rachel, eds. (2020). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5lOTzgEACAAJ The Pasts and Presence of Art in South Africa: Technologies, Ontologies and Agents]''. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-913344-01-6|978-1-913344-01-6]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Chirikure, Shadreck; Delius, Peter; Esterhuysen, Amanda; Hall, Simon; Lekgoathi, Sekibakiba; Maulaudzi, Maanda; Neluvhalani, Vele; Ntsoane, Otsile; Pearce, David; Sadr, Karim; Smith, Jeanette (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State]''. Real African Publishers Pty. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-920655-06-8|978-1-920655-06-8]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Shabalala, Lombuso (2022). [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11 ''Perspective of Mapungubwe Descendants' Traditional Leaders Concerning Their Traditional Values and Cultural Heritage Preservation''. ''Cultural Sustainable Tourism'']. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. pp.&#x20;123–134. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11|10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-031-07818-7|978-3-031-07818-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Mathebula, Mantha (2017). [https://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/25943 "Some notes on the early history of the Tembe, 1280 AD-1800 AD"]. ''New Contree''. '''78''' (78): 16. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4102/nc.v78i0.102|10.4102/nc.v78i0.102]].</ref> e e neng e le kwa kgolaganong ya dinoka tsa [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe]] le [[Noka ya Limpopo|Limpopo]] mo Aforika Borwa ya gompieno, kwa borwa jwa [[Zimbabwe e Kgolo]]. Baagi ba motsemogolo e ne e le 5 000 ka 1250, mme go ka direga gore kgaolo e ne e akaretsa dikilometara di le dikete tse masome a mararo(12 000 sq mi).[6][1]: 50  Mo e ka nnang ka 1000 CE, batho bangwe ba Leopard’s Kopje ba ne ba fuduga go kgabaganya Limpopo go ya kwa Bambandyanalo kwa ba neng ba dira tiro ya temothuo, ba fudusetsa metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo kwa mafulong a merafe e mengwe e e neng ya rotloetsa dikamano tsa loago le sepolotiki, fa gape ba ne ba dira kgwebo ya Lewatle la India ka toropo ya Swahili kwa Botlhaba jwa Aforika. Mo makgolong a dingwaga, khumo e e oketsegileng mo gare ga batho ba ba neng ba ntse ba oketsega e ne ya baka go sa lekalekane mo thulaganyo ya sebaka ya Bambandyanalo e neng e sa tshwanela. Mo e ka nnang ka 1220, mo gare ga paka ya komelelo, batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba Mapungubwe ba ne ba fuduga go ya go nna kwa godimo ga Thaba ya Mapungubwe, ba latelwa ke baagi ba ba neng ba nna mo lefatsheng le le dikologileng kwa tlase. Dithota gantsi di ne di dira jaaka mafelo a a dirang pula, mme Mapungubwe Hill e ne ya nna yona fela lefelo le le ntseng jalo; bonno jwa yone ke moeteledipele bo ne bo le botlhokwa thata mo go tlhabololeng bogosi jo bo boitshepo. Khumo e ntsi e ne ya kokoanngwa ka dikgetho, e e neng ya tlhofofadiwa ke kopano ya Limpopo-Shashe e le lefelo la kgwebo, mme lonaka lwa tlou le gauta di ne tsa romelwa kwa lotshitshing lwa botlhaba. Go latela ditiragalo tse di sa itsiweng le go sutisetsa ditsela tsa kgwebisano kwa bokone go dikologa 1300, baagi ba Mapungubwe ba ne ba fudugela kwa mafelong a mangwe. Mo motlheng wa gompieno gantsi di amanngwa le batho ba Kalanga (Shona) le Venda. Le fa baagi ba selegae ba ne ba na le kitso ka ga lefelo le le boitshepo, Mapungubwe e ne ya ribololwa sešwa fela ke setšhaba sa saense le puso ya bokoloniale ka 1933. Pokello ya Mapungubwe ya dilo tsa botaki tse di fitlhetsweng kwa lefelong la boepi jwa bogologolo e beilwe kwa Musiamong wa Mapungubwe kwa Pretoria. Lefelo le le mo Phakeng ya Bosetšhaba ya Mapungubwe mo Aforika Borwa, mo molelwaneng le Zimbabwe le Botswana.[7] Le fa ka tlwaelo go tsewa gore e ne e le naga ya ntlha mo Borwa jwa Aforika, dipatlisiso mo kgaolong e le nngwe kwa Mapela Hill di bontsha bosupi jwa bogosi jo bo boitshepo dingwaga di ka nna 200 pele ga foo.[8] == Thuto ya mafoko == == Metswedi == j9x16lazhenb0r86e46m77eb1o5rki8 54551 54550 2026-09-07T13:27:37Z KatieKea 10150 Ke okeditse tlhanolo le metswedi. 54551 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe''' (bo bidiwa /[[mɑːˈpuːnɡuːbweɪ]]/ [[mah-POON-goob-weh]]) e ne e le puso ya bogologolo<ref name=":0">Huffman, Thomas (2005). ''[https://archive.org/details/mapungubweancien0000huff/mode/2up?view=theater Mapungubwe: Ancient African civilisation on the Limpopo]''. Wits University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-86814-408-2|978-1-86814-408-2]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Wingfield, Chris; Giblin, John; King, Rachel, eds. (2020). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5lOTzgEACAAJ The Pasts and Presence of Art in South Africa: Technologies, Ontologies and Agents]''. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-913344-01-6|978-1-913344-01-6]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Chirikure, Shadreck; Delius, Peter; Esterhuysen, Amanda; Hall, Simon; Lekgoathi, Sekibakiba; Maulaudzi, Maanda; Neluvhalani, Vele; Ntsoane, Otsile; Pearce, David; Sadr, Karim; Smith, Jeanette (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State]''. Real African Publishers Pty. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-920655-06-8|978-1-920655-06-8]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Shabalala, Lombuso (2022). [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11 ''Perspective of Mapungubwe Descendants' Traditional Leaders Concerning Their Traditional Values and Cultural Heritage Preservation''. ''Cultural Sustainable Tourism'']. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. pp.&#x20;123–134. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11|10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-031-07818-7|978-3-031-07818-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Mathebula, Mantha (2017). [https://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/25943 "Some notes on the early history of the Tembe, 1280 AD-1800 AD"]. ''New Contree''. '''78''' (78): 16. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4102/nc.v78i0.102|10.4102/nc.v78i0.102]].</ref> e e neng e le kwa kgolaganong ya dinoka tsa [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe]] le [[Noka ya Limpopo|Limpopo]] mo Aforika Borwa ya gompieno, kwa borwa jwa [[Zimbabwe e Kgolo]]. Baagi ba motsemogolo e ne e le 5 000 ka 1250, mme go ka direga gore kgaolo e ne e akaretsa dikilometara di le dikete tse masome a mararo(12 000 sq mi).<ref>Huffman, page 376</ref><ref name=":0" />^{: 50}  Mo e ka nnang ka 1000 CE, batho bangwe ba [[Leopard's Kopje|Leopard’s Kopje]] ba ne ba fuduga go kgabaganya Limpopo go ya kwa [[Bambandyanalo]] kwa ba neng ba dira tiro ya [[temothuo]], ba fudusetsa metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo kwa mafulong a merafe e mengwe e e neng ya rotloetsa dikamano tsa loago le sepolotiki, fa gape ba ne ba dira [[kgwebo ya Lewatle la India]] go feta ka toropo tswa Swahili kwa Botlhaba jwa Aforika. Mo makgolong a dingwaga, khumo e e oketsegileng mo gare ga batho ba ba neng ba ntse ba oketsega e ne ya baka go sa lekalekane mo thulaganyo ya sebaka ya Bambandyanalo e neng e sa tshwanela. Mo e ka nnang ka 1220, mo gare ga paka ya komelelo, batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba Mapungubwe ba ne ba fuduga go ya go nna kwa godimo ga Thaba ya Mapungubwe, ba latelwa ke baagi ba ba neng ba nna mo lefatsheng le le dikologileng kwa tlase. Dithota gantsi di ne di dira jaaka [[mafelo a a dirang pula]], mme Thaba ya Mapungubwe e ne ya nna yone fela lefelo le le ntseng jalo; go nnqa ga moeteledipele mo go yone go ne go le botlhokwa thata mo go tlhabololeng [[bogosi jo bo boitshepo]]. Khumo e ntsi e ne ya kokoanngwa ka dikgetho, e e neng ya tlhofofadiwa ke kopano ya Limpopo-Shashe e le lefelo la kgwebo, mme lonaka lwa tlou le gauta di ne tsa romelwa kwa lotshitshing lwa botlhaba. Go latela ditiragalo tse di sa itsiweng le go sutisetsa ditsela tsa kgwebisano kwa bokone go dikologa 1300, baagi ba Mapungubwe ba ne ba fudugela kwa mafelong a mangwe. Mo motlheng wa gompieno gantsi di amanngwa le batho ba [[Bakalaka/Bakalanga|Kalanga]] ([[Shona]]) le [[Venda]]. Le fa baagi ba selegae ba ne ba na le kitso ka ga lefelo le le boitshepo, Mapungubwe e ne ya ribololwa sesha fela ke setšhaba sa maranyane le [[puso ya bokolone]] ka 1933. [[Polokelo ya Mapungubwe]] ya dilo tsa botaki tse di fitlhetsweng kwa lefelong la boepi jwa bogologolo e beilwe kwa [[Motlobo wa ditso wa Mapungubwe|Motlobong wa ditso wa Mapungubwe]] kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]]. Lefelo le le mo [[Mapungubwe National Park]] mo [[Aforika Borwa]], mo molelwaneng le [[Zimbabwe]] le [[Botswana]].<ref>[https://southafrica.co.za/mapungubwe-national-park.html "Mapungubwe National Park - World Heritage Site in South Africa"]. ''southafrica.co.za''. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi a supa, 2026.</ref> Le fa ka tlwaelo go tsewa gore e ne e le kgaolo ya ntlha mo Borwa jwa Aforika, dipatlisiso mo kgaolong e le nngwe kwa [[Mapela Hill]] di bontsha bosupi jwa bogosi jo bo boitshepo dingwaga di ka nna makgolo a mabedi pele ga foo.<ref>Chirikure, Shadreck; Manyanga, Munyaradzi; Pollard, A. Mark; Bandama, Foreman; Mahachi, Godfrey; Pikirayi, Innocent (31 October 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215987 "Zimbabwe Culture before Mapungubwe: New Evidence from Mapela Hill, South-Western Zimbabwe"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''9''' (10) e111224. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PLoSO...9k1224C 2014PLoSO...9k1224C]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111224. ISSN&#x20;1932-6203. PMC&#x20;4215987. PMID&#x20;25360782.</ref> == Thuto ya mafoko == == Metswedi == 4ovtpo79m9mi0l1e3f64s2cw25782x2 54553 54551 2026-09-07T13:54:12Z KatieKea 10150 /* Thuto ya mafoko */ Ke okeditse tlhanolo le metswedi. 54553 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe''' (bo bidiwa /[[mɑːˈpuːnɡuːbweɪ]]/ [[mah-POON-goob-weh]]) e ne e le puso ya bogologolo<ref name=":0">Huffman, Thomas (2005). ''[https://archive.org/details/mapungubweancien0000huff/mode/2up?view=theater Mapungubwe: Ancient African civilisation on the Limpopo]''. Wits University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-86814-408-2|978-1-86814-408-2]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Wingfield, Chris; Giblin, John; King, Rachel, eds. (2020). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5lOTzgEACAAJ The Pasts and Presence of Art in South Africa: Technologies, Ontologies and Agents]''. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-913344-01-6|978-1-913344-01-6]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Chirikure, Shadreck; Delius, Peter; Esterhuysen, Amanda; Hall, Simon; Lekgoathi, Sekibakiba; Maulaudzi, Maanda; Neluvhalani, Vele; Ntsoane, Otsile; Pearce, David; Sadr, Karim; Smith, Jeanette (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State]''. Real African Publishers Pty. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-920655-06-8|978-1-920655-06-8]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Shabalala, Lombuso (2022). [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11 ''Perspective of Mapungubwe Descendants' Traditional Leaders Concerning Their Traditional Values and Cultural Heritage Preservation''. ''Cultural Sustainable Tourism'']. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. pp.&#x20;123–134. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11|10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-031-07818-7|978-3-031-07818-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Mathebula, Mantha (2017). [https://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/25943 "Some notes on the early history of the Tembe, 1280 AD-1800 AD"]. ''New Contree''. '''78''' (78): 16. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4102/nc.v78i0.102|10.4102/nc.v78i0.102]].</ref> e e neng e le kwa kgolaganong ya dinoka tsa [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe]] le [[Noka ya Limpopo|Limpopo]] mo Aforika Borwa ya gompieno, kwa borwa jwa [[Zimbabwe e Kgolo]]. Baagi ba motsemogolo e ne e le 5 000 ka 1250, mme go ka direga gore kgaolo e ne e akaretsa dikilometara di le dikete tse masome a mararo(12 000 sq mi).<ref>Huffman, page 376</ref><ref name=":0" />^{: 50}  Mo e ka nnang ka 1000 CE, batho bangwe ba [[Leopard's Kopje|Leopard’s Kopje]] ba ne ba fuduga go kgabaganya Limpopo go ya kwa [[Bambandyanalo]] kwa ba neng ba dira tiro ya [[temothuo]], ba fudusetsa metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo kwa mafulong a merafe e mengwe e e neng ya rotloetsa dikamano tsa loago le sepolotiki, fa gape ba ne ba dira [[kgwebo ya Lewatle la India]] go feta ka toropo tswa Swahili kwa Botlhaba jwa Aforika. Mo makgolong a dingwaga, khumo e e oketsegileng mo gare ga batho ba ba neng ba ntse ba oketsega e ne ya baka go sa lekalekane mo thulaganyo ya sebaka ya Bambandyanalo e neng e sa tshwanela. Mo e ka nnang ka 1220, mo gare ga paka ya komelelo, batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba Mapungubwe ba ne ba fuduga go ya go nna kwa godimo ga Thaba ya Mapungubwe, ba latelwa ke baagi ba ba neng ba nna mo lefatsheng le le dikologileng kwa tlase. Dithota gantsi di ne di dira jaaka [[mafelo a a dirang pula]], mme Thaba ya Mapungubwe e ne ya nna yone fela lefelo le le ntseng jalo; go nnqa ga moeteledipele mo go yone go ne go le botlhokwa thata mo go tlhabololeng [[bogosi jo bo boitshepo]]. Khumo e ntsi e ne ya kokoanngwa ka dikgetho, e e neng ya tlhofofadiwa ke kopano ya Limpopo-Shashe e le lefelo la kgwebo, mme lonaka lwa tlou le gauta di ne tsa romelwa kwa lotshitshing lwa botlhaba. Go latela ditiragalo tse di sa itsiweng le go sutisetsa ditsela tsa kgwebisano kwa bokone go dikologa 1300, baagi ba Mapungubwe ba ne ba fudugela kwa mafelong a mangwe. Mo motlheng wa gompieno gantsi di amanngwa le batho ba [[Bakalaka/Bakalanga|Kalanga]] ([[Shona]]) le [[Venda]]. Le fa baagi ba selegae ba ne ba na le kitso ka ga lefelo le le boitshepo, Mapungubwe e ne ya ribololwa sesha fela ke setšhaba sa maranyane le [[puso ya bokolone]] ka 1933. [[Polokelo ya Mapungubwe]] ya dilo tsa botaki tse di fitlhetsweng kwa lefelong la boepi jwa bogologolo e beilwe kwa [[Motlobo wa ditso wa Mapungubwe|Motlobong wa ditso wa Mapungubwe]] kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]]. Lefelo le le mo [[Mapungubwe National Park]] mo [[Aforika Borwa]], mo molelwaneng le [[Zimbabwe]] le [[Botswana]].<ref>[https://southafrica.co.za/mapungubwe-national-park.html "Mapungubwe National Park - World Heritage Site in South Africa"]. ''southafrica.co.za''. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi a supa, 2026.</ref> Le fa ka tlwaelo go tsewa gore e ne e le kgaolo ya ntlha mo Borwa jwa Aforika, dipatlisiso mo kgaolong e le nngwe kwa [[Mapela Hill]] di bontsha bosupi jwa bogosi jo bo boitshepo dingwaga di ka nna makgolo a mabedi pele ga foo.<ref>Chirikure, Shadreck; Manyanga, Munyaradzi; Pollard, A. Mark; Bandama, Foreman; Mahachi, Godfrey; Pikirayi, Innocent (31 October 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215987 "Zimbabwe Culture before Mapungubwe: New Evidence from Mapela Hill, South-Western Zimbabwe"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''9''' (10) e111224. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PLoSO...9k1224C 2014PLoSO...9k1224C]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111224. ISSN&#x20;1932-6203. PMC&#x20;4215987. PMID&#x20;25360782.</ref> == Thuto ya mafoko == Leina la yone la ntlha ga le itsiwe. Lefelo le ne le bidiwa ''Mapungubwe'' go latela ditumalano tsa go naya maina tsa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo,[[Mafelo gantsi a newa leina la polase e a fitlhelwang mo go yone, kgotsa leina le lengwe la selegae.|[b]]] mme seno se ne sa atolosediwa kwa bogosing.<ref name=":1">Chirikure, Shadreck; Delius, Peter; Esterhuysen, Amanda; Hall, Simon; Lekgoathi, Sekibakiba; Maulaudzi, Maanda; Neluvhalani, Vele; Ntsoane, Otsile; Pearce, David (1 October 2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ&dq=kingdom+of+mapungubwe&pg=PT6 Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State]''. Real African Publishers Pty Ltd. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-920655-06-8|978-1-920655-06-8]]</bdi>.</ref>^{: 14} ''Mapungubwe'' e kaya "lefelo la [[bophokoje]] (ba bantsi)". Mo dipuong tse di farologaneng tsa [[Bantu]], "-pungubwe" e raya bophokoje. "Phokoje" ke ''phunguwe'' ka [[seVenda]], fa ka [[Sesotho sa Leboa|Sesotho sa Bokone]] e le ''phukubje''.<ref name=":2">Tlou, Setumu (2012). [http://policyresearch.limpopo.gov.za/handle/123456789/535 The Kingdom of Mapungubwe: The First Urban Centre and the Capital of the First State in Southern Africa] (Report). Limpopo Provincial Government.</ref> == Thuto ya lefatshe == Kgaolo e e dikologileng Mapungubwe, gaufi le [[Noka ya Limpopo]], gompieno e omile mme e itemogela pula e e kwa tlase. E akaretsa dithota tsa [[matlapa a motlhaba]], [[Sekaka sa Kalahari|motlhaba wa Kalahari]], le [[naga ya ditlhatshana]].<ref name=":1" />^{: 15} Go tloga ka 1000 CE go fitlha ka 1200 CE, lefelo leno le ne la bona pula e e kwa godimo, e e neng ya tlhofofatsa kgolo ya dimela tse di neng tsa tla le diphologolo jaaka [[Mathinthinyane|dikolobe tsa naga]],[[dikgokong]], le [[dinare]] (gammogo le [[Ntsi ya tsetse|tsetse fly]]). Morwalela go tswa kwa Limpopo o ne wa gasamisa dikotla go ralala lebala la morwalela, go akaretsa le kwa [[Mokgatšheng wa Mapungubwe]] o o neng o na le mebu e e simololang ka motlhaba go ya go letsopa, go kaya gore temothuo e ne e ka dirwa ngwaga otlhe.<ref name=":1" />^{: 19–20}  == Ditso == === Tshimologo === Kgaolo e e anameng e ne e agilwe ke [[Basarwa]] dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse lekgolo. Setšhaba sa ntlha sa San se tlogetse [[boswa jo bo humileng jwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo logageng]] go ralala Borwa ja Aforika<ref>Mlambo, A. S. (2014). ''[https://archive.org/details/historyofzimbabw0000mlam/mode/2up?view=theater A history of Zimbabwe]''. Internet Archive. New York, NY : Cambridge University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02170-9|978-1-107-02170-9]]</bdi>.</ref>^{: 11–2} Babui ba [[Se-Bantu]] ba ne ba nna mo [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe-Limpopo]] Basin ka paka e e fa gare ga 350 le 450 CE.<ref>King, Rachel (2011). [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1469605311417364 "Archaeological naissance at Mapungubwe"]. ''Journal of Social Archaeology''. '''11''' (3). Sage.</ref> Tshimologo ya Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe e kwa [[Leopard's Kopje]], e leng [[setso sa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo]] kwa Zimbabwe ya segompieno.<ref name=":2" /> == Metswedi == i88pibzbjn8666t20ox20a5cydnl3e9 54554 54553 2026-09-07T14:32:32Z KatieKea 10150 /* Ditso */ Ke okeditse tlhanolo 54554 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe''' (bo bidiwa /[[mɑːˈpuːnɡuːbweɪ]]/ [[mah-POON-goob-weh]]) e ne e le puso ya bogologolo<ref name=":0">Huffman, Thomas (2005). ''[https://archive.org/details/mapungubweancien0000huff/mode/2up?view=theater Mapungubwe: Ancient African civilisation on the Limpopo]''. Wits University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-86814-408-2|978-1-86814-408-2]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Wingfield, Chris; Giblin, John; King, Rachel, eds. (2020). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5lOTzgEACAAJ The Pasts and Presence of Art in South Africa: Technologies, Ontologies and Agents]''. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-913344-01-6|978-1-913344-01-6]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Chirikure, Shadreck; Delius, Peter; Esterhuysen, Amanda; Hall, Simon; Lekgoathi, Sekibakiba; Maulaudzi, Maanda; Neluvhalani, Vele; Ntsoane, Otsile; Pearce, David; Sadr, Karim; Smith, Jeanette (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State]''. Real African Publishers Pty. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-920655-06-8|978-1-920655-06-8]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Shabalala, Lombuso (2022). [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11 ''Perspective of Mapungubwe Descendants' Traditional Leaders Concerning Their Traditional Values and Cultural Heritage Preservation''. ''Cultural Sustainable Tourism'']. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. pp.&#x20;123–134. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11|10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-031-07818-7|978-3-031-07818-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Mathebula, Mantha (2017). [https://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/25943 "Some notes on the early history of the Tembe, 1280 AD-1800 AD"]. ''New Contree''. '''78''' (78): 16. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4102/nc.v78i0.102|10.4102/nc.v78i0.102]].</ref> e e neng e le kwa kgolaganong ya dinoka tsa [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe]] le [[Noka ya Limpopo|Limpopo]] mo Aforika Borwa ya gompieno, kwa borwa jwa [[Zimbabwe e Kgolo]]. Baagi ba motsemogolo e ne e le 5 000 ka 1250, mme go ka direga gore kgaolo e ne e akaretsa dikilometara di le dikete tse masome a mararo(12 000 sq mi).<ref>Huffman, page 376</ref><ref name=":0" />^{: 50}  Mo e ka nnang ka 1000 CE, batho bangwe ba [[Leopard's Kopje|Leopard’s Kopje]] ba ne ba fuduga go kgabaganya Limpopo go ya kwa [[Bambandyanalo]] kwa ba neng ba dira tiro ya [[temothuo]], ba fudusetsa metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo kwa mafulong a merafe e mengwe e e neng ya rotloetsa dikamano tsa loago le sepolotiki, fa gape ba ne ba dira [[kgwebo ya Lewatle la India]] go feta ka toropo tswa Swahili kwa Botlhaba jwa Aforika. Mo makgolong a dingwaga, khumo e e oketsegileng mo gare ga batho ba ba neng ba ntse ba oketsega e ne ya baka go sa lekalekane mo thulaganyo ya sebaka ya Bambandyanalo e neng e sa tshwanela. Mo e ka nnang ka 1220, mo gare ga paka ya komelelo, batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba Mapungubwe ba ne ba fuduga go ya go nna kwa godimo ga Thaba ya Mapungubwe, ba latelwa ke baagi ba ba neng ba nna mo lefatsheng le le dikologileng kwa tlase. Dithota gantsi di ne di dira jaaka [[mafelo a a dirang pula]], mme Thaba ya Mapungubwe e ne ya nna yone fela lefelo le le ntseng jalo; go nnqa ga moeteledipele mo go yone go ne go le botlhokwa thata mo go tlhabololeng [[bogosi jo bo boitshepo]]. Khumo e ntsi e ne ya kokoanngwa ka dikgetho, e e neng ya tlhofofadiwa ke kopano ya Limpopo-Shashe e le lefelo la kgwebo, mme lonaka lwa tlou le gauta di ne tsa romelwa kwa lotshitshing lwa botlhaba. Go latela ditiragalo tse di sa itsiweng le go sutisetsa ditsela tsa kgwebisano kwa bokone go dikologa 1300, baagi ba Mapungubwe ba ne ba fudugela kwa mafelong a mangwe. Mo motlheng wa gompieno gantsi di amanngwa le batho ba [[Bakalaka/Bakalanga|Kalanga]] ([[Shona]]) le [[Venda]]. Le fa baagi ba selegae ba ne ba na le kitso ka ga lefelo le le boitshepo, Mapungubwe e ne ya ribololwa sesha fela ke setšhaba sa maranyane le [[puso ya bokolone]] ka 1933. [[Polokelo ya Mapungubwe]] ya dilo tsa botaki tse di fitlhetsweng kwa lefelong la boepi jwa bogologolo e beilwe kwa [[Motlobo wa ditso wa Mapungubwe|Motlobong wa ditso wa Mapungubwe]] kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]]. Lefelo le le mo [[Mapungubwe National Park]] mo [[Aforika Borwa]], mo molelwaneng le [[Zimbabwe]] le [[Botswana]].<ref>[https://southafrica.co.za/mapungubwe-national-park.html "Mapungubwe National Park - World Heritage Site in South Africa"]. ''southafrica.co.za''. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi a supa, 2026.</ref> Le fa ka tlwaelo go tsewa gore e ne e le kgaolo ya ntlha mo Borwa jwa Aforika, dipatlisiso mo kgaolong e le nngwe kwa [[Mapela Hill]] di bontsha bosupi jwa bogosi jo bo boitshepo dingwaga di ka nna makgolo a mabedi pele ga foo.<ref>Chirikure, Shadreck; Manyanga, Munyaradzi; Pollard, A. Mark; Bandama, Foreman; Mahachi, Godfrey; Pikirayi, Innocent (31 October 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215987 "Zimbabwe Culture before Mapungubwe: New Evidence from Mapela Hill, South-Western Zimbabwe"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''9''' (10) e111224. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PLoSO...9k1224C 2014PLoSO...9k1224C]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111224. ISSN&#x20;1932-6203. PMC&#x20;4215987. PMID&#x20;25360782.</ref> == Thuto ya mafoko == Leina la yone la ntlha ga le itsiwe. Lefelo le ne le bidiwa ''Mapungubwe'' go latela ditumalano tsa go naya maina tsa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo,[[Mafelo gantsi a newa leina la polase e a fitlhelwang mo go yone, kgotsa leina le lengwe la selegae.|[b]]] mme seno se ne sa atolosediwa kwa bogosing.<ref name=":1">Chirikure, Shadreck; Delius, Peter; Esterhuysen, Amanda; Hall, Simon; Lekgoathi, Sekibakiba; Maulaudzi, Maanda; Neluvhalani, Vele; Ntsoane, Otsile; Pearce, David (1 October 2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ&dq=kingdom+of+mapungubwe&pg=PT6 Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State]''. Real African Publishers Pty Ltd. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-920655-06-8|978-1-920655-06-8]]</bdi>.</ref>^{: 14} ''Mapungubwe'' e kaya "lefelo la [[bophokoje]] (ba bantsi)". Mo dipuong tse di farologaneng tsa [[Bantu]], "-pungubwe" e raya bophokoje. "Phokoje" ke ''phunguwe'' ka [[seVenda]], fa ka [[Sesotho sa Leboa|Sesotho sa Bokone]] e le ''phukubje''.<ref name=":2">Tlou, Setumu (2012). [http://policyresearch.limpopo.gov.za/handle/123456789/535 The Kingdom of Mapungubwe: The First Urban Centre and the Capital of the First State in Southern Africa] (Report). Limpopo Provincial Government.</ref> == Thuto ya lefatshe == Kgaolo e e dikologileng Mapungubwe, gaufi le [[Noka ya Limpopo]], gompieno e omile mme e itemogela pula e e kwa tlase. E akaretsa dithota tsa [[matlapa a motlhaba]], [[Sekaka sa Kalahari|motlhaba wa Kalahari]], le [[naga ya ditlhatshana]].<ref name=":1" />^{: 15} Go tloga ka 1000 CE go fitlha ka 1200 CE, lefelo leno le ne la bona pula e e kwa godimo, e e neng ya tlhofofatsa kgolo ya dimela tse di neng tsa tla le diphologolo jaaka [[Mathinthinyane|dikolobe tsa naga]],[[dikgokong]], le [[dinare]] (gammogo le [[Ntsi ya tsetse|tsetse fly]]). Morwalela go tswa kwa Limpopo o ne wa gasamisa dikotla go ralala lebala la morwalela, go akaretsa le kwa [[Mokgatšheng wa Mapungubwe]] o o neng o na le mebu e e simololang ka motlhaba go ya go letsopa, go kaya gore temothuo e ne e ka dirwa ngwaga otlhe.<ref name=":1" />^{: 19–20}  == Ditso == === Tshimologo === Kgaolo e e anameng e ne e agilwe ke [[Basarwa]] dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse lekgolo. Setšhaba sa ntlha sa San se tlogetse [[boswa jo bo humileng jwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo logageng]] go ralala Borwa ja Aforika<ref name=":3">Mlambo, A. S. (2014). ''[https://archive.org/details/historyofzimbabw0000mlam/mode/2up?view=theater A history of Zimbabwe]''. Internet Archive. New York, NY : Cambridge University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02170-9|978-1-107-02170-9]]</bdi>.</ref>^{: 11–2} Babui ba [[Se-Bantu]] ba ne ba nna mo [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe-Limpopo]] Basin ka paka e e fa gare ga 350 le 450 CE.<ref>King, Rachel (2011). [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1469605311417364 "Archaeological naissance at Mapungubwe"]. ''Journal of Social Archaeology''. '''11''' (3). Sage.</ref> Tshimologo ya Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe e kwa [[Leopard's Kopje]], e leng [[setso sa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo]] kwa Zimbabwe ya segompieno.<ref name=":2" /> ==== '''Schroda''' '''(900-1000)''' ==== Ka go tlhotlhelediwa ke kgwebisano ya [[dinaka tsa ditlou]], bangwe ba [[batho ba Zhizo]] ba ne ba fudugela kwa borwa mo e ka nnang ka 900 go nna kwa [[Schroda]], gaufi le [[Noka ya Limpopo]]. [[Basarwa]] ba ne ba lelekwa thata mo mafatsheng a bagologolwane ba bone.<ref name=":3" />^{: 11–2} Ba-Zhizo ba ne ba disa dikgomo mme ba dira temothuo. Ba ne ba gweba mme gongwe gape ba tsoma le Basarwa, ba ba neng ba nna mo mafelong a a farologaneng a bonno.<ref name=":1" />^{: 16} Schroda e ka tswa e ne e le motsemogolo wa Zhizo ka ntlha ya go nna le batho ba bantsi (ba ka nna makgolo a matlhano). Kgosi e ne e le yone e e humileng go gaisa, mme e ne e kokoanya dikgomo ka melato ya kgotlatshekelo, di-forfeit, dikgetho, diphuduso, le tlhwatlhwa e e kwa godimo ya go nyala mongwe wa barwadie. Ba-Zhizo ba ne ba dira dipitsa tse di raraaneng ka mefuta e e farologaneng, e ba neng ba bidiwa ka yone. Dipetlo tsa ditshwantsho di ne di dirisiwa jaaka dithulaganyo mo dithutong tsa sekolo. Ba ne ba gweba ka lonaka lwa tlou, gauta, matlalo a tshukudu, matlalo a lengau, le tshipi kwa ditoropong tse di fa lotshitshing lwa lewatle jaaka [[Chibuene]] go ananya ka dipheta tsa galase, matsela a letseta le a silika, le di-ceramic tse di nang le galase.<ref name=":0" />^{: 10–4}.  ==== K2 (1000-1220) ==== Mo e ka nnang ka 1000, batho bangwe ba [[Leopard's Kopje]] ba ne ba fudugela kwa borwa go ya go nna kwa [[Bambandyanalo]] (e e itsiweng jaaka K2, e e leng ka fa tlase ga Thaba ya Bambandyanalo), jaaka fa Ba[[Zhizo]] ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima go ya go nna kwa [[Toutswemogala|Toutswe]] mo Botswana wa segompieno. Bakanoki bangwe ba dumela gore dikamano tsa bone di ne di le tsa bobaba mme di tlhaolwa ke dintwa tsa sesole, le fa go ntse jalo ba bangwe ba gatelela gore di ne di raraane thata, mo loagong le mo sepolotiking.<ref>Calabrese, John A. (1 December 2000). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006796925891 "Interregional Interaction in Southern Africa: Zhizo and Leopard's Kopje Relations in Northern South Africa, Southwestern Zimbabwe, and Eastern Botswana, AD 1000 to 1200"]. ''African Archaeological Review''. '''17''' (4): 183–210. doi:10.1023/A:1006796925891. ISSN&#x20;1572-9842.</ref><ref>Kim, Nam C.; Kusimba, Chapurukha M.; Keeley, Lawrence H. (2015). "Coercion and Warfare in the Rise of State Societies in Southern Zambezia". ''The African Archaeological Review''. '''32''' (1): 1–34. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9183-x|10.1007/s10437-015-9183-x]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/43916844 43916844].</ref> Go goroga ga bone go ne ga tsamaisana le go simolola ga paka e e metsi, e e neng ya oketsa thata thobo ya temothuo.^{<ref name=":1" />: 19} Batho ba Leopard's Kopje ba ne ba bua mofuta wa pele wa [[Seshona]], gongwe e ne e le [[Sekalaka|Kalanga]] (Shona ya bophirima). K2 e ne e le motsemogolo, mme go ka diragala gore e ne e arogantswe ka dibaka tsa bonno ka fa tlase ga taolo ya tlhogo ya lelapa, kgosi e ne e na le lefatshe le legolo go fetisa. Basadi ba ne ba bereka [[kopore]], fa banna ba ne ba bereka [[tshipi]].<ref name=":0" />^{: 16–23}  Ba ne ba lema [[mabele]], [[Lebelebele|lebelebele la pearl]], [[Lebelebele|lebelebele la menwana]], dinawa le [[ditloo]]. Go dirisa lefatshe ka tsela e e nang le dipoelo tse dintsi, dikgomo di ne di ruelwa kgakala le motsemogolo mme di letlelelwa go fula mo lefatsheng la merafe e mengwe, go rotloetsa dikamano tsa loago le sepolotiki le merafe eo fa gape go letlelela metlhape e megolo.<ref name=":1" />^{: 20} Palo ya batho e ne ya atologa, mme K2 e ne ya nna le batho ba le sekete le sephatlogo ya ka sekete le makgolo a mabedi. Go bitsa pula go ne go atologile, mme kgosi ka dinako tse dingwe o ne a thapa batho ba ba sa ba itsiweng ba go neng go dumelwa fa ba na le kamano e e kgethegileng le mewa ya naga, jaaka [[Basarwa]], ka ntlha ya bonno jwa bona jo boleele. Fela jalo bangwe ba Zhizo ba ba neng ba sala kwa [[Leokwe]] (e e ka tswang e le ka fa tlase ga K2) ba ne ba dira dingwao tse di kgethegileng le bone ka ntlha ya go nna ga bone nako e telele.^{<ref name=":0" />: 26–9}. == Metswedi == qmyoubooq0esq74iiugw830crobnqik 54555 54554 2026-09-07T14:41:26Z KatieKea 10150 /* Ditso */ Ke okeditse tlhanolo 54555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe''' (bo bidiwa /[[mɑːˈpuːnɡuːbweɪ]]/ [[mah-POON-goob-weh]]) e ne e le puso ya bogologolo<ref name=":0">Huffman, Thomas (2005). ''[https://archive.org/details/mapungubweancien0000huff/mode/2up?view=theater Mapungubwe: Ancient African civilisation on the Limpopo]''. Wits University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-86814-408-2|978-1-86814-408-2]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Wingfield, Chris; Giblin, John; King, Rachel, eds. (2020). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5lOTzgEACAAJ The Pasts and Presence of Art in South Africa: Technologies, Ontologies and Agents]''. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-913344-01-6|978-1-913344-01-6]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Chirikure, Shadreck; Delius, Peter; Esterhuysen, Amanda; Hall, Simon; Lekgoathi, Sekibakiba; Maulaudzi, Maanda; Neluvhalani, Vele; Ntsoane, Otsile; Pearce, David; Sadr, Karim; Smith, Jeanette (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State]''. Real African Publishers Pty. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-920655-06-8|978-1-920655-06-8]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Shabalala, Lombuso (2022). [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11 ''Perspective of Mapungubwe Descendants' Traditional Leaders Concerning Their Traditional Values and Cultural Heritage Preservation''. ''Cultural Sustainable Tourism'']. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. pp.&#x20;123–134. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11|10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-031-07818-7|978-3-031-07818-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Mathebula, Mantha (2017). [https://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/25943 "Some notes on the early history of the Tembe, 1280 AD-1800 AD"]. ''New Contree''. '''78''' (78): 16. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4102/nc.v78i0.102|10.4102/nc.v78i0.102]].</ref> e e neng e le kwa kgolaganong ya dinoka tsa [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe]] le [[Noka ya Limpopo|Limpopo]] mo Aforika Borwa ya gompieno, kwa borwa jwa [[Zimbabwe e Kgolo]]. Baagi ba motsemogolo e ne e le 5 000 ka 1250, mme go ka direga gore kgaolo e ne e akaretsa dikilometara di le dikete tse masome a mararo(12 000 sq mi).<ref>Huffman, page 376</ref><ref name=":0" />^{: 50}  Mo e ka nnang ka 1000 CE, batho bangwe ba [[Leopard's Kopje|Leopard’s Kopje]] ba ne ba fuduga go kgabaganya Limpopo go ya kwa [[Bambandyanalo]] kwa ba neng ba dira tiro ya [[temothuo]], ba fudusetsa metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo kwa mafulong a merafe e mengwe e e neng ya rotloetsa dikamano tsa loago le sepolotiki, fa gape ba ne ba dira [[kgwebo ya Lewatle la India]] go feta ka toropo tswa Swahili kwa Botlhaba jwa Aforika. Mo makgolong a dingwaga, khumo e e oketsegileng mo gare ga batho ba ba neng ba ntse ba oketsega e ne ya baka go sa lekalekane mo thulaganyo ya sebaka ya Bambandyanalo e neng e sa tshwanela. Mo e ka nnang ka 1220, mo gare ga paka ya komelelo, batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba Mapungubwe ba ne ba fuduga go ya go nna kwa godimo ga Thaba ya Mapungubwe, ba latelwa ke baagi ba ba neng ba nna mo lefatsheng le le dikologileng kwa tlase. Dithota gantsi di ne di dira jaaka [[mafelo a a dirang pula]], mme Thaba ya Mapungubwe e ne ya nna yone fela lefelo le le ntseng jalo; go nnqa ga moeteledipele mo go yone go ne go le botlhokwa thata mo go tlhabololeng [[bogosi jo bo boitshepo]]. Khumo e ntsi e ne ya kokoanngwa ka dikgetho, e e neng ya tlhofofadiwa ke kopano ya Limpopo-Shashe e le lefelo la kgwebo, mme lonaka lwa tlou le gauta di ne tsa romelwa kwa lotshitshing lwa botlhaba. Go latela ditiragalo tse di sa itsiweng le go sutisetsa ditsela tsa kgwebisano kwa bokone go dikologa 1300, baagi ba Mapungubwe ba ne ba fudugela kwa mafelong a mangwe. Mo motlheng wa gompieno gantsi di amanngwa le batho ba [[Bakalaka/Bakalanga|Kalanga]] ([[Shona]]) le [[Venda]]. Le fa baagi ba selegae ba ne ba na le kitso ka ga lefelo le le boitshepo, Mapungubwe e ne ya ribololwa sesha fela ke setšhaba sa maranyane le [[puso ya bokolone]] ka 1933. [[Polokelo ya Mapungubwe]] ya dilo tsa botaki tse di fitlhetsweng kwa lefelong la boepi jwa bogologolo e beilwe kwa [[Motlobo wa ditso wa Mapungubwe|Motlobong wa ditso wa Mapungubwe]] kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]]. Lefelo le le mo [[Mapungubwe National Park]] mo [[Aforika Borwa]], mo molelwaneng le [[Zimbabwe]] le [[Botswana]].<ref>[https://southafrica.co.za/mapungubwe-national-park.html "Mapungubwe National Park - World Heritage Site in South Africa"]. ''southafrica.co.za''. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi a supa, 2026.</ref> Le fa ka tlwaelo go tsewa gore e ne e le kgaolo ya ntlha mo Borwa jwa Aforika, dipatlisiso mo kgaolong e le nngwe kwa [[Mapela Hill]] di bontsha bosupi jwa bogosi jo bo boitshepo dingwaga di ka nna makgolo a mabedi pele ga foo.<ref>Chirikure, Shadreck; Manyanga, Munyaradzi; Pollard, A. Mark; Bandama, Foreman; Mahachi, Godfrey; Pikirayi, Innocent (31 October 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215987 "Zimbabwe Culture before Mapungubwe: New Evidence from Mapela Hill, South-Western Zimbabwe"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''9''' (10) e111224. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PLoSO...9k1224C 2014PLoSO...9k1224C]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111224. ISSN&#x20;1932-6203. PMC&#x20;4215987. PMID&#x20;25360782.</ref> == Thuto ya mafoko == Leina la yone la ntlha ga le itsiwe. Lefelo le ne le bidiwa ''Mapungubwe'' go latela ditumalano tsa go naya maina tsa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo,[[Mafelo gantsi a newa leina la polase e a fitlhelwang mo go yone, kgotsa leina le lengwe la selegae.|[b]]] mme seno se ne sa atolosediwa kwa bogosing.<ref name=":1">Chirikure, Shadreck; Delius, Peter; Esterhuysen, Amanda; Hall, Simon; Lekgoathi, Sekibakiba; Maulaudzi, Maanda; Neluvhalani, Vele; Ntsoane, Otsile; Pearce, David (1 October 2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ&dq=kingdom+of+mapungubwe&pg=PT6 Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State]''. Real African Publishers Pty Ltd. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-920655-06-8|978-1-920655-06-8]]</bdi>.</ref>^{: 14} ''Mapungubwe'' e kaya "lefelo la [[bophokoje]] (ba bantsi)". Mo dipuong tse di farologaneng tsa [[Bantu]], "-pungubwe" e raya bophokoje. "Phokoje" ke ''phunguwe'' ka [[seVenda]], fa ka [[Sesotho sa Leboa|Sesotho sa Bokone]] e le ''phukubje''.<ref name=":2">Tlou, Setumu (2012). [http://policyresearch.limpopo.gov.za/handle/123456789/535 The Kingdom of Mapungubwe: The First Urban Centre and the Capital of the First State in Southern Africa] (Report). Limpopo Provincial Government.</ref> == Thuto ya lefatshe == Kgaolo e e dikologileng Mapungubwe, gaufi le [[Noka ya Limpopo]], gompieno e omile mme e itemogela pula e e kwa tlase. E akaretsa dithota tsa [[matlapa a motlhaba]], [[Sekaka sa Kalahari|motlhaba wa Kalahari]], le [[naga ya ditlhatshana]].<ref name=":1" />^{: 15} Go tloga ka 1000 CE go fitlha ka 1200 CE, lefelo leno le ne la bona pula e e kwa godimo, e e neng ya tlhofofatsa kgolo ya dimela tse di neng tsa tla le diphologolo jaaka [[Mathinthinyane|dikolobe tsa naga]],[[dikgokong]], le [[dinare]] (gammogo le [[Ntsi ya tsetse|tsetse fly]]). Morwalela go tswa kwa Limpopo o ne wa gasamisa dikotla go ralala lebala la morwalela, go akaretsa le kwa [[Mokgatšheng wa Mapungubwe]] o o neng o na le mebu e e simololang ka motlhaba go ya go letsopa, go kaya gore temothuo e ne e ka dirwa ngwaga otlhe.<ref name=":1" />^{: 19–20}  == Ditso == === Tshimologo === Kgaolo e e anameng e ne e agilwe ke [[Basarwa]] dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse lekgolo. Setšhaba sa ntlha sa San se tlogetse [[boswa jo bo humileng jwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo logageng]] go ralala Borwa ja Aforika<ref name=":3">Mlambo, A. S. (2014). ''[https://archive.org/details/historyofzimbabw0000mlam/mode/2up?view=theater A history of Zimbabwe]''. Internet Archive. New York, NY : Cambridge University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02170-9|978-1-107-02170-9]]</bdi>.</ref>^{: 11–2} Babui ba [[Se-Bantu]] ba ne ba nna mo [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe-Limpopo]] Basin ka paka e e fa gare ga 350 le 450 CE.<ref>King, Rachel (2011). [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1469605311417364 "Archaeological naissance at Mapungubwe"]. ''Journal of Social Archaeology''. '''11''' (3). Sage.</ref> Tshimologo ya Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe e kwa [[Leopard's Kopje]], e leng [[setso sa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo]] kwa Zimbabwe ya segompieno.<ref name=":2" /> ==== '''Schroda''' '''(900-1000)''' ==== Ka go tlhotlhelediwa ke kgwebisano ya [[dinaka tsa ditlou]], bangwe ba [[batho ba Zhizo]] ba ne ba fudugela kwa borwa mo e ka nnang ka 900 go nna kwa [[Schroda]], gaufi le [[Noka ya Limpopo]]. [[Basarwa]] ba ne ba lelekwa thata mo mafatsheng a bagologolwane ba bone.<ref name=":3" />^{: 11–2} Ba-Zhizo ba ne ba disa dikgomo mme ba dira temothuo. Ba ne ba gweba mme gongwe gape ba tsoma le Basarwa, ba ba neng ba nna mo mafelong a a farologaneng a bonno.<ref name=":1" />^{: 16} Schroda e ka tswa e ne e le motsemogolo wa Zhizo ka ntlha ya go nna le batho ba bantsi (ba ka nna makgolo a matlhano). Kgosi e ne e le yone e e humileng go gaisa, mme e ne e kokoanya dikgomo ka melato ya kgotlatshekelo, di-forfeit, dikgetho, diphuduso, le tlhwatlhwa e e kwa godimo ya go nyala mongwe wa barwadie. Ba-Zhizo ba ne ba dira dipitsa tse di raraaneng ka mefuta e e farologaneng, e ba neng ba bidiwa ka yone. Dipetlo tsa ditshwantsho di ne di dirisiwa jaaka dithulaganyo mo dithutong tsa sekolo. Ba ne ba gweba ka lonaka lwa tlou, gauta, matlalo a tshukudu, matlalo a lengau, le tshipi kwa ditoropong tse di fa lotshitshing lwa lewatle jaaka [[Chibuene]] go ananya ka dipheta tsa galase, matsela a letseta le a silika, le di-ceramic tse di nang le galase.<ref name=":0" />^{: 10–4}.  ==== K2 (1000-1220) ==== Mo e ka nnang ka 1000, batho bangwe ba [[Leopard's Kopje]] ba ne ba fudugela kwa borwa go ya go nna kwa [[Bambandyanalo]] (e e itsiweng jaaka K2, e e leng ka fa tlase ga Thaba ya Bambandyanalo), jaaka fa Ba[[Zhizo]] ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima go ya go nna kwa [[Toutswemogala|Toutswe]] mo Botswana wa segompieno. Bakanoki bangwe ba dumela gore dikamano tsa bone di ne di le tsa bobaba mme di tlhaolwa ke dintwa tsa sesole, le fa go ntse jalo ba bangwe ba gatelela gore di ne di raraane thata, mo loagong le mo sepolotiking.<ref>Calabrese, John A. (1 December 2000). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006796925891 "Interregional Interaction in Southern Africa: Zhizo and Leopard's Kopje Relations in Northern South Africa, Southwestern Zimbabwe, and Eastern Botswana, AD 1000 to 1200"]. ''African Archaeological Review''. '''17''' (4): 183–210. doi:10.1023/A:1006796925891. ISSN&#x20;1572-9842.</ref><ref>Kim, Nam C.; Kusimba, Chapurukha M.; Keeley, Lawrence H. (2015). "Coercion and Warfare in the Rise of State Societies in Southern Zambezia". ''The African Archaeological Review''. '''32''' (1): 1–34. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9183-x|10.1007/s10437-015-9183-x]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/43916844 43916844].</ref> Go goroga ga bone go ne ga tsamaisana le go simolola ga paka e e metsi, e e neng ya oketsa thata thobo ya temothuo.^{<ref name=":1" />: 19} Batho ba Leopard's Kopje ba ne ba bua mofuta wa pele wa [[Seshona]], gongwe e ne e le [[Sekalaka|Kalanga]] (Shona ya bophirima). K2 e ne e le motsemogolo, mme go ka diragala gore e ne e arogantswe ka dibaka tsa bonno ka fa tlase ga taolo ya tlhogo ya lelapa, kgosi e ne e na le lefatshe le legolo go fetisa. Basadi ba ne ba bereka [[kopore]], fa banna ba ne ba bereka [[tshipi]].<ref name=":0" />^{: 16–23}  Ba ne ba lema [[mabele]], [[Lebelebele|lebelebele la pearl]], [[Lebelebele|lebelebele la menwana]], dinawa le [[ditloo]]. Go dirisa lefatshe ka tsela e e nang le dipoelo tse dintsi, dikgomo di ne di ruelwa kgakala le motsemogolo mme di letlelelwa go fula mo lefatsheng la merafe e mengwe, go rotloetsa dikamano tsa loago le sepolotiki le merafe eo fa gape go letlelela metlhape e megolo.<ref name=":1" />^{: 20} Palo ya batho e ne ya atologa, mme K2 e ne ya nna le batho ba le sekete le sephatlogo ya ka sekete le makgolo a mabedi. Go bitsa pula go ne go atologile, mme kgosi ka dinako tse dingwe o ne a thapa batho ba ba sa ba itsiweng ba go neng go dumelwa fa ba na le kamano e e kgethegileng le mewa ya naga, jaaka [[Basarwa]], ka ntlha ya bonno jwa bona jo boleele. Fela jalo bangwe ba Zhizo ba ba neng ba sala kwa [[Leokwe]] (e e ka tswang e le ka fa tlase ga K2) ba ne ba dira dingwao tse di kgethegileng le bone ka ntlha ya go nna ga bone nako e telele.^{<ref name=":0" />: 26–9}. === Thota ya Mapungubwe (1220–1300) === [[Setshwantsho:ZimbabweStatesAndTrade.svg|thumb|Mmepe wa mafelo a kgwebo le ditsela mo Thabeng tsa Zimbabwe]] == Metswedi == m8sze6orzfrhkek8q0hlxd3pxks12ow 0 14973 54556 2026-09-07T17:41:41Z Chandapiwa Malema 9413 ke tsenste tsebe ya konokono 54556 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Cyrus Titus''' (Phalane 24, 1839 - Moranong 27, 1918) e ne e le mmueledi wa Mo Amerika le mopolotiki go tswa kwa [[New York]]. == Botshelo == ouz0ivbnr4ra4ud958ip42avhh0l87v 54557 54556 2026-09-07T17:44:18Z Chandapiwa Malema 9413 ke tsentse metswedi le senepe 54557 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:RobertCTitus.jpg|thumb|Robert Titus]] '''Robert Cyrus Titus''' (Phalane 24, 1839 - Moranong 27, 1918) e ne e le mmueledi wa Mo Amerika le mopolotiki go tswa kwa [[New York]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state)</ref> == Botshelo == GGHJJ == Metswedi == 3umbe67glrdtnv38o8grtlbp28edjfk 0 14974 54578 2026-09-07T19:39:08Z Reagoleboga 10854 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332820850|Marula oil]]" 54578 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Marula_Oil.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Thekiso ya Marula Oil kwa Ongwediva Trade Fair 2016]] Oli ya Marula e ntshiwa mo dithunyeng (dinotshe) tsa maungo a setlhare sa Marula (Sclerocarya birrea), se se tswang mo lelapeng la Anacardiaceae. Go na le mefuta e mebedi ya oli ya marula, e leng e e ntshiwang mo dipeong tsa yone le e e ntshiwang mo lekapeng la yone le le thata. Oli ya Marula e dirisiwa thata mo dilong tsa go intlafatsa, mo dijong e le oli ya go apaya le go boloka nama le go alafa letlalo. Oli ya Marula gape e ka dirisiwa jaaka setlolo sa mmele. Kwa Namibia gantsi leungo la Marula le dirisiwa go dira dilo tse di jaaka matute le jeme. Sebopego sa dikhemikale Oli ya Marula e na le selekanyo se segolo sa mafura a a sa kgoreletswang a monounsaturated a a dirang gore oli eno e nne e e tlhomameng. Dikhemikale tsa mafura a a tswang mo lookwaneng lwa marula di akaretsa: Monounsaturated fatty acids: * Oleic acid (70–78%) Polyunsaturated fatty acids: * Linoleic acid (4.0–7.0%) * Alpha-linolenic acid (0.1–0.7%) * Arachidonic acid (0.3–0.7%) Saturated fatty acids: * Palmitic acid (9–12%) * Stearic acid (5.0–8.0%) Tocopherols, sterols, flavonoids, procyanidin, gallotannin and catechins are also found in marula oil.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mariod |last2=Matthaus |first2=Bertrand |last3=Eichner |first3=K. |display-authors=etal |year=2004 |title=Fatty acid, tocopherol and sterol composition as well as oxidative stability of three unusual Sudanese oils |journal=Journal of Food Lipids |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=179–189 |doi=10.1111/j.1745-4522.2004.01131.x}}</ref> == Dikarolo tsa mmele == Oli ya Marula e na le selekanyo se segolo sa mafura a a sa kgoreletswang a monounsaturated a a dirang gore oli eno e nne e e tlhomameng. Dikhemikale tsa mafura a a tswang mo lookwaneng lwa marula di akaretsa: == Tiriso ya setso == Batho ba Setsonga ba Aforika Borwa le ba Mozambique ba ile ba dirisa oli eno jaaka setlolo se se nonotshang mmele sa basadi le jaaka oli ya go sidila masea. Mo nakong e e fetileng, basadi ba kwa Namibia ba ne ba dirisa leokwane la marula go na le metsi go intlafatsa. Oli ya Marula e dirisiwa mo dijong, segolo thata mo bathong ba porofenseng ya Inhambane kwa Mozambique, Owamboland kwa bokone jwa bogare jwa Namibia, KwaZulu-Natal Bokone mo Aforika Borwa le kgaolo ya Zvishavane kwa Zimbabwe. Mo godimo ga moo, marula e na le seabe se se botlhokwa mo dijong tsa batho ba kwa Bushmen le Bantus. 1][2] BaVenda ba dirisa oli go tswa mo dithorong go boloka nama, e e dirang gore e nne sebaka sa ngwaga. Batho ba lefelo leno ba tsaya leokwane la Marula e le sejo se se monate, mme le tsenngwa mo diresetšhurenteng di le dintsi tsa setso le tsa segompieno. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Oli ya Marula]] [[Karolo:Marula oil]] pvlyx7cvqtcx50odwwbk97ddg0xxoqu 2 14975 54589 2026-09-08T06:24:00Z Canana12 12484 Created page with "Kankere ya Madi Kankere ya madi ke eng? Kankere ya madi e ama tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone le gore disele tseo di dira sentle go le kana kang. Dikankere tse dintsi tsa madi di simolola mo motsong wa marapo. Seno ke selo se se boleta, se se tshwanang le sepontšhe, se se fitlhelwang mo gare ga marapo a gago. Motswako wa marapo o dira disele tsa thuto tse di golang mme di fetogela go nna sengwe sa tse di latelang:<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is B..." 54589 wikitext text/x-wiki Kankere ya Madi Kankere ya madi ke eng? Kankere ya madi e ama tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone le gore disele tseo di dira sentle go le kana kang. Dikankere tse dintsi tsa madi di simolola mo motsong wa marapo. Seno ke selo se se boleta, se se tshwanang le sepontšhe, se se fitlhelwang mo gare ga marapo a gago. Motswako wa marapo o dira disele tsa thuto tse di golang mme di fetogela go nna sengwe sa tse di latelang:<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Blood Cancer? |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260903122609/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-date=2026-09-03 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref> •Disele tse dikhibidu tsa madi, tse di tsamaisang okosejene mo mmeleng otlhe. •Disele tse ditshweu tsa madi, tse di lwantshang malwetse le ditshwaetso. •Dipolatelete, tse di laolang go dutla ga madi. Kankere ya madi e diragala fa sengwe se kgoreletsa tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone. Disele tsa kankere a di kgone go dira ditiro tse disele tse di tlwaelegileng tsa madi di di dirang. Go na le moo, disele tsa madi tse di sa tlwaelegang di ikatisa di sa laolwe mme di fekeetsa disele tse di tlwaelegileng.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Blood Cancer? |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260903122609/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-date=2026-09-03 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref> Matshwao a Kankere ya Madi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blood Cancer UK {{!}} About blood cancer |url=https://bloodcancer.org.uk/understanding-blood-cancer/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=Blood Cancer UK |language=en-GB}}</ref> Batho ba ba nang le kankere ya madi ba ka nna le matshwao a a farologaneng, go akaretsa: • go fokotsega mmele ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng. • go nna le matetetso kgotsa go dutla madi ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng • go ruruga ga dikarolo tsa mmele • go hema ka thata kgotsa go tlhaela moya • go fufulelwa thata bosigo • botlhoko mo marapong, mo malokololong kgotsa mo mpeng Metswedi: [[Karolo:Boitekanelo]] ampoet3yn5q1rtzh5o6fnhj09wz3a7g 54590 54589 2026-09-08T06:25:41Z Canana12 12484 Bolded main text 54590 wikitext text/x-wiki Kankere ya Madi Kankere ya madi ke eng? '''Kankere ya madi''' e ama tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone le gore disele tseo di dira sentle go le kana kang. Dikankere tse dintsi tsa madi di simolola mo motsong wa marapo. Seno ke selo se se boleta, se se tshwanang le sepontšhe, se se fitlhelwang mo gare ga marapo a gago. Motswako wa marapo o dira disele tsa thuto tse di golang mme di fetogela go nna sengwe sa tse di latelang:<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Blood Cancer? |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260903122609/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-date=2026-09-03 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref> •Disele tse dikhibidu tsa madi, tse di tsamaisang okosejene mo mmeleng otlhe. •Disele tse ditshweu tsa madi, tse di lwantshang malwetse le ditshwaetso. •Dipolatelete, tse di laolang go dutla ga madi. Kankere ya madi e diragala fa sengwe se kgoreletsa tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone. Disele tsa kankere a di kgone go dira ditiro tse disele tse di tlwaelegileng tsa madi di di dirang. Go na le moo, disele tsa madi tse di sa tlwaelegang di ikatisa di sa laolwe mme di fekeetsa disele tse di tlwaelegileng.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Blood Cancer? |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260903122609/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-date=2026-09-03 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref> Matshwao a Kankere ya Madi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blood Cancer UK {{!}} About blood cancer |url=https://bloodcancer.org.uk/understanding-blood-cancer/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=Blood Cancer UK |language=en-GB}}</ref> Batho ba ba nang le kankere ya madi ba ka nna le matshwao a a farologaneng, go akaretsa: • go fokotsega mmele ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng. • go nna le matetetso kgotsa go dutla madi ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng • go ruruga ga dikarolo tsa mmele • go hema ka thata kgotsa go tlhaela moya • go fufulelwa thata bosigo • botlhoko mo marapong, mo malokololong kgotsa mo mpeng Metswedi: [[Karolo:Boitekanelo]] t3dmxj2rg2rsx04ih27355lgnx1vsi0 54591 54590 2026-09-08T06:29:19Z Canana12 12484 Added links 54591 wikitext text/x-wiki Kankere ya Madi Kankere ya madi ke eng? '''Kankere ya madi''' e ama tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone le gore disele tseo di dira sentle go le kana kang. Dikankere tse dintsi tsa madi di simolola mo motsong wa marapo. Seno ke selo se se boleta, se se tshwanang le sepontšhe, se se fitlhelwang mo gare ga marapo a gago. Motswako wa marapo o dira disele tsa thuto tse di golang mme di fetogela go nna sengwe sa tse di latelang:<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Blood Cancer? |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260903122609/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-date=2026-09-03 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref> • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21691-function-of-red-blood-cells Disele tse dikhibidu tsa madi,] tse di tsamaisang okosejene mo mmeleng otlhe. • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21871-white-blood-cells Disele tse ditshweu tsa madi], tse di lwantshang malwetse le ditshwaetso. • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21871-white-blood-cells Dipolatelete], tse di laolang go dutla ga madi. Kankere ya madi e diragala fa sengwe se kgoreletsa tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone. Disele tsa kankere a di kgone go dira ditiro tse disele tse di tlwaelegileng tsa madi di di dirang. Go na le moo, disele tsa madi tse di sa tlwaelegang di ikatisa di sa laolwe mme di fekeetsa disele tse di tlwaelegileng.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Blood Cancer? |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260903122609/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-date=2026-09-03 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref> Matshwao a Kankere ya Madi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blood Cancer UK {{!}} About blood cancer |url=https://bloodcancer.org.uk/understanding-blood-cancer/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=Blood Cancer UK |language=en-GB}}</ref> Batho ba ba nang le kankere ya madi ba ka nna le matshwao a a farologaneng, go akaretsa: • go fokotsega mmele ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng. • go nna le matetetso kgotsa go dutla madi ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng • go ruruga ga dikarolo tsa mmele • go hema ka thata kgotsa go tlhaela moya • go fufulelwa thata bosigo • botlhoko mo marapong, mo malokololong kgotsa mo mpeng Metswedi: [[Karolo:Boitekanelo]] rt33osdtyrk7r0vrgqir8m9siu4u42d 54592 54591 2026-09-08T06:31:34Z Canana12 12484 Added reference list. 54592 wikitext text/x-wiki Kankere ya Madi Kankere ya madi ke eng? '''Kankere ya madi''' e ama tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone le gore disele tseo di dira sentle go le kana kang. Dikankere tse dintsi tsa madi di simolola mo motsong wa marapo. Seno ke selo se se boleta, se se tshwanang le sepontšhe, se se fitlhelwang mo gare ga marapo a gago. Motswako wa marapo o dira disele tsa thuto tse di golang mme di fetogela go nna sengwe sa tse di latelang:<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Blood Cancer? |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260903122609/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-date=2026-09-03 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref> • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21691-function-of-red-blood-cells Disele tse dikhibidu tsa madi,] tse di tsamaisang okosejene mo mmeleng otlhe. • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21871-white-blood-cells Disele tse ditshweu tsa madi], tse di lwantshang malwetse le ditshwaetso. • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21871-white-blood-cells Dipolatelete], tse di laolang go dutla ga madi. Kankere ya madi e diragala fa sengwe se kgoreletsa tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone. Disele tsa kankere a di kgone go dira ditiro tse disele tse di tlwaelegileng tsa madi di di dirang. Go na le moo, disele tsa madi tse di sa tlwaelegang di ikatisa di sa laolwe mme di fekeetsa disele tse di tlwaelegileng.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Blood Cancer? |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260903122609/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-date=2026-09-03 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref> Matshwao a Kankere ya Madi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blood Cancer UK {{!}} About blood cancer |url=https://bloodcancer.org.uk/understanding-blood-cancer/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=Blood Cancer UK |language=en-GB}}</ref> Batho ba ba nang le kankere ya madi ba ka nna le matshwao a a farologaneng, go akaretsa: • go fokotsega mmele ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng. • go nna le matetetso kgotsa go dutla madi ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng • go ruruga ga dikarolo tsa mmele • go hema ka thata kgotsa go tlhaela moya • go fufulelwa thata bosigo • botlhoko mo marapong, mo malokololong kgotsa mo mpeng == DITSHUPO: == [[Karolo:Boitekanelo]] jsyqxao9q2uq5y94e76inmmatukczqp 54593 54592 2026-09-08T06:56:00Z Canana12 12484 Inserted an Image 54593 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Leukemia- SAG.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Kankere ya Madi: Leukemia]] Kankere ya Madi Kankere ya madi ke eng? '''Kankere ya madi''' e ama tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone le gore disele tseo di dira sentle go le kana kang. Dikankere tse dintsi tsa madi di simolola mo motsong wa marapo. Seno ke selo se se boleta, se se tshwanang le sepontšhe, se se fitlhelwang mo gare ga marapo a gago. Motswako wa marapo o dira disele tsa thuto tse di golang mme di fetogela go nna sengwe sa tse di latelang:<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Blood Cancer? |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260903122609/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-date=2026-09-03 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref> • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21691-function-of-red-blood-cells Disele tse dikhibidu tsa madi,] tse di tsamaisang okosejene mo mmeleng otlhe. • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21871-white-blood-cells Disele tse ditshweu tsa madi], tse di lwantshang malwetse le ditshwaetso. • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21871-white-blood-cells Dipolatelete], tse di laolang go dutla ga madi. Kankere ya madi e diragala fa sengwe se kgoreletsa tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone. Disele tsa kankere a di kgone go dira ditiro tse disele tse di tlwaelegileng tsa madi di di dirang. Go na le moo, disele tsa madi tse di sa tlwaelegang di ikatisa di sa laolwe mme di fekeetsa disele tse di tlwaelegileng.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Blood Cancer? |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260903122609/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-date=2026-09-03 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref> Matshwao a Kankere ya Madi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blood Cancer UK {{!}} About blood cancer |url=https://bloodcancer.org.uk/understanding-blood-cancer/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=Blood Cancer UK |language=en-GB}}</ref> Batho ba ba nang le kankere ya madi ba ka nna le matshwao a a farologaneng, go akaretsa: • go fokotsega mmele ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng. • go nna le matetetso kgotsa go dutla madi ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng • go ruruga ga dikarolo tsa mmele • go hema ka thata kgotsa go tlhaela moya • go fufulelwa thata bosigo • botlhoko mo marapong, mo malokololong kgotsa mo mpeng == DITSHUPO: == [[Karolo:Boitekanelo]] fz144gqmrqx7t9x4rg3tgpomiojecdz 54594 54593 2026-09-08T06:57:22Z Canana12 12484 Used big caps on the Heading 54594 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Leukemia- SAG.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Kankere ya Madi: Leukemia]] <big>Kankere ya Madi</big> Kankere ya madi ke eng? '''Kankere ya madi''' e ama tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone le gore disele tseo di dira sentle go le kana kang. Dikankere tse dintsi tsa madi di simolola mo motsong wa marapo. Seno ke selo se se boleta, se se tshwanang le sepontšhe, se se fitlhelwang mo gare ga marapo a gago. Motswako wa marapo o dira disele tsa thuto tse di golang mme di fetogela go nna sengwe sa tse di latelang:<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Blood Cancer? |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260903122609/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-date=2026-09-03 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref> • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21691-function-of-red-blood-cells Disele tse dikhibidu tsa madi,] tse di tsamaisang okosejene mo mmeleng otlhe. • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21871-white-blood-cells Disele tse ditshweu tsa madi], tse di lwantshang malwetse le ditshwaetso. • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21871-white-blood-cells Dipolatelete], tse di laolang go dutla ga madi. Kankere ya madi e diragala fa sengwe se kgoreletsa tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone. Disele tsa kankere a di kgone go dira ditiro tse disele tse di tlwaelegileng tsa madi di di dirang. Go na le moo, disele tsa madi tse di sa tlwaelegang di ikatisa di sa laolwe mme di fekeetsa disele tse di tlwaelegileng.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Blood Cancer? |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260903122609/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-date=2026-09-03 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref> Matshwao a Kankere ya Madi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blood Cancer UK {{!}} About blood cancer |url=https://bloodcancer.org.uk/understanding-blood-cancer/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=Blood Cancer UK |language=en-GB}}</ref> Batho ba ba nang le kankere ya madi ba ka nna le matshwao a a farologaneng, go akaretsa: • go fokotsega mmele ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng. • go nna le matetetso kgotsa go dutla madi ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng • go ruruga ga dikarolo tsa mmele • go hema ka thata kgotsa go tlhaela moya • go fufulelwa thata bosigo • botlhoko mo marapong, mo malokololong kgotsa mo mpeng == DITSHUPO: == [[Karolo:Boitekanelo]] fa1tw6pa0hah4w0umz8zianbdep9r70 0 14976 54596 2026-09-08T07:04:31Z Canana12 12484 Created a page 54596 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Leukemia- SAG.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Kankere ya Madi: Leukemia]] <big>Kankere ya Madi</big> Kankere ya madi ke eng? '''Kankere ya madi''' e ama tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone le gore disele tseo di dira sentle go le kana kang. Dikankere tse dintsi tsa madi di simolola mo motsong wa marapo. Seno ke selo se se boleta, se se tshwanang le sepontšhe, se se fitlhelwang mo gare ga marapo a gago. Motswako wa marapo o dira disele tsa thuto tse di golang mme di fetogela go nna sengwe sa tse di latelang:<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Blood Cancer? |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260903122609/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-date=2026-09-03 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref> • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21691-function-of-red-blood-cells Disele tse dikhibidu tsa madi,] tse di tsamaisang okosejene mo mmeleng otlhe. • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21871-white-blood-cells Disele tse ditshweu tsa madi], tse di lwantshang malwetse le ditshwaetso. • [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21871-white-blood-cells Dipolatelete], tse di laolang go dutla ga madi. Kankere ya madi e diragala fa sengwe se kgoreletsa tsela e mmele wa gago o dirang disele tsa madi ka yone. Disele tsa kankere a di kgone go dira ditiro tse disele tse di tlwaelegileng tsa madi di di dirang. Go na le moo, disele tsa madi tse di sa tlwaelegang di ikatisa di sa laolwe mme di fekeetsa disele tse di tlwaelegileng.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Blood Cancer? |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260903122609/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22883-blood-cancer |archive-date=2026-09-03 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref> Matshwao a Kankere ya Madi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blood Cancer UK {{!}} About blood cancer |url=https://bloodcancer.org.uk/understanding-blood-cancer/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=Blood Cancer UK |language=en-GB}}</ref> Batho ba ba nang le kankere ya madi ba ka nna le matshwao a a farologaneng, go akaretsa: • go fokotsega mmele ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng. • go nna le matetetso kgotsa go dutla madi ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng • go ruruga ga dikarolo tsa mmele • go hema ka thata kgotsa go tlhaela moya • go fufulelwa thata bosigo • botlhoko mo marapong, mo malokololong kgotsa mo mpeng == DITSHUPO: == [[Karolo:Boitekanelo]] fa1tw6pa0hah4w0umz8zianbdep9r70 0 14977 54598 2026-09-08T07:22:53Z Legodzomela 12497 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1303503762|Saki Macozoma]]" 54598 wikitext text/x-wiki Morago ga go fetsa dingwaga di le tlhano kwa kgolegelong le [[Nelson Mandela]] kwa Robben Island ka ntlha ya ditiro tse di kgatlhanong le tlhaolele o ne a tsena mo Lekgotleng la Dikereke tsa Aforika Borwa. Gape o ne a direla African National Congress (ANC) le South African Breweries. Macozoma ke mongwe wa setlhopha se sennye sa borradipolotiki ba pele ba ANC ba ba tlogetseng dipolotiki mme ba atlega ka ponyo ya leitlho mo lefatsheng la dikgwebo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anatomy of fast money |url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=280442 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728222542/http://mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=280442 |archive-date=28 July 2012 |access-date=2007-11-01}}</ref> O ne a nna Leloko la Palamente la ANC ka 1994 mme a tlogela palamente ka 1996 go ya go nna mokaedi-tsamaiso wa Transnet Limited, e leng tsamaiso e kgolo ya seporo sa Aforikaborwa le South African Railways and Harbours Administration. Ka nako eno gape e ne e le modulasetulo wa South African Airways.<ref name="bloomberg.com">{{Cite web |title=Stocks |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks |access-date=2018-06-17 |publisher=Bloomberg L.P.}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2007 go fitlha ka Sedimonthole wa 2013, Macozoma e ne e le modulasetulo wa Liberty Holdings. O ne a rola tiro<ref name="bdli_Libe">{{Cite web |title=Liberty chairman Saki Macozoma resigns |url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/business/financial/2014/12/03/liberty-chairman-saki-macozoma-resigns |access-date=2015-05-12 |website=Business Day Live}}</ref> go tebisa mogopolo mo dikgatlhegelong tsa gagwe tsa kgwebo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Safika Holdings (Pty) Ltd |url=http://www.safika.co.za |access-date=2018-06-17 |website=Safika Holdings (Pty) Ltd}}</ref> Pele a tsena mo Standard Bank e ne e le mokhuduthamaga wa New Africa Investments Limited (Nail), khampani ya peeletso e e leng mo lenaaneng la batho botlhe e e nang le photefolio e kgolo e e akaretsang diteišhene tsa radio, metswedi ya tshedimosetso ya kwa ntle le khampani ya go hira dikoloi ya Hertz. ctllqk2cqwsr28zyx4l86unmrybj92p 0 14978 54603 2026-09-08T08:45:18Z Nikimedia02 13148 Added citation 54603 wikitext text/x-wiki Mofuta wa dintša tsa Africanis ke mofuta wa dintša tse di ratiwang thata mo aforikaborwa. Ke nša ya bogolo jo bo magareng, e e nang le letlalo le lekhutshwane, e e nang le lebala le lentsho le le tlhaolang go dikologa karolo e e kwa pele ya molomo. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004154193.i-300.57</ref> == Tlhaloso == Ntša eno gantsi e tsewa e le ntša e e se nang mong, e e tsamayang ka kgololesego, leha ho le jwalo, e bile le beng ba aforika borwa le ho hlokomelwa. Gantsi Africanis e eme magareng ga disentimetara di le 50 le 62. Ka e le 'landrace', dipharologano tse dinnye tsa tebego di ka nna tsa tlwaelega. Le fa go ntse jalo, Africanis e itsege ka go tsala ka boammaaruri ka sebopego se se lemotshegang. == Kamano ya Africanis le batho == Ba-Afrika ga ba golo go golagana le mafelo a bonno a batho mo Afrika Borwa. Dintša di ntse di dirisiwa go thusa go disa dinku, dipudi le dikgomo, le go thusa ditsala tsa tsone tsa batho go tsoma. Afrikanis e itsege ka maine a le mmalwa. Tseno di akaretsa ntša ya Kasi, ntša ya Khoikhoi, le ntsa ya Setswana. Le fa ka kakaretso ba ne ba tseelwa kwa tlase ke baagi ba Yuropa ba ba neng ba rata mefuta ya bona ya dintša tse di tswang kwa ntle, Africanis e ne e tlotliwa thata ke maAforika. Go dirilwe maiteko a go sireletsa, go somarela le go rotloetsa dintša tseno. Mo Afrika BOrwa, go ne ga tlhongwa mokgatlho ka 1998 go somarela diAfricanis, Mokgatlho wa Africanis wa Afrika Borwa. Leina la Africanis ke kopanyo ya mafoko "Afrika" le "Canis". == Mekgwa a Africanis == Ntša ya Africanis e tsewa ke botlhe e le e e nang le lerato, e e botlhale, e bile e le bonolo. DiNtša tse di na le keletso ya tlholego ya go itumedisa beng ba tsone, mme seno se dira gore go nne motlhofo go di thapisa.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004154193.i-300.57</ref> == Dipadi tse dingwe == n21vkhqri1w2y77c59j7m493i65hfrg 54604 54603 2026-09-08T08:51:01Z Nikimedia02 13148 Added citation 54604 wikitext text/x-wiki Mofuta wa dintša tsa Africanis ke mofuta wa dintša tse di ratiwang thata mo aforikaborwa. Ke nša ya bogolo jo bo magareng, e e nang le letlalo le lekhutshwane, e e nang le lebala le lentsho le le tlhaolang go dikologa karolo e e kwa pele ya molomo.<ref>Swart, S. (2007) Dogs and dogma: A discussion of the socio-political construction of southern african dog ‘breeds’ as a window onto social history. In: Canis Africanis. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004154193.i-300.57 </ref> == Tlhaloso == Ntša eno gantsi e tsewa e le ntša e e se nang mong, e e tsamayang ka kgololesego, leha ho le jwalo, e bile le beng ba aforika borwa le ho hlokomelwa. Gantsi Africanis e eme magareng ga disentimetara di le 50 le 62. Ka e le 'landrace', dipharologano tse dinnye tsa tebego di ka nna tsa tlwaelega. Le fa go ntse jalo, Africanis e itsege ka go tsala ka boammaaruri ka sebopego se se lemotshegang. == Kamano ya Africanis le batho == Ba-Afrika ga ba golo go golagana le mafelo a bonno a batho mo Afrika Borwa. Dintša di ntse di dirisiwa go thusa go disa dinku, dipudi le dikgomo, le go thusa ditsala tsa tsone tsa batho go tsoma. Afrikanis e itsege ka maine a le mmalwa. Tseno di akaretsa ntša ya Kasi, ntša ya Khoikhoi, le ntsa ya Setswana. Le fa ka kakaretso ba ne ba tseelwa kwa tlase ke baagi ba Yuropa ba ba neng ba rata mefuta ya bona ya dintša tse di tswang kwa ntle, Africanis e ne e tlotliwa thata ke maAforika. Go dirilwe maiteko a go sireletsa, go somarela le go rotloetsa dintša tseno. Mo Afrika BOrwa, go ne ga tlhongwa mokgatlho ka 1998 go somarela diAfricanis, Mokgatlho wa Africanis wa Afrika Borwa. Leina la Africanis ke kopanyo ya mafoko "Afrika" le "Canis". == Mekgwa a Africanis == Ntša ya Africanis e tsewa ke botlhe e le e e nang le lerato, e e botlhale, e bile e le bonolo. DiNtša tse di na le keletso ya tlholego ya go itumedisa beng ba tsone, mme seno se dira gore go nne motlhofo go di thapisa. == Dipadi tse dingwe == p4bln33vdcgii4uuswlxrl431r5t4yx 54606 54604 2026-09-08T09:31:14Z Nikimedia02 13148 added picture 54606 wikitext text/x-wiki Mofuta wa dintša tsa Africanis ke mofuta wa dintša tse di ratiwang thata mo aforikaborwa. Ke nša ya bogolo jo bo magareng, e e nang le letlalo le lekhutshwane, e e nang le lebala le lentsho le le tlhaolang go dikologa karolo e e kwa pele ya molomo.<ref>Swart, S. (2007) Dogs and dogma: A discussion of the socio-political construction of southern african dog ‘breeds’ as a window onto social history. In: Canis Africanis. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004154193.i-300.57 </ref> == Tlhaloso == Ntša eno gantsi e tsewa e le ntša e e se nang mong, e e tsamayang ka kgololesego, leha ho le jwalo, e bile le beng ba aforika borwa le ho hlokomelwa. Gantsi Africanis e eme magareng ga disentimetara di le 50 le 62. Ka e le 'landrace', dipharologano tse dinnye tsa tebego di ka nna tsa tlwaelega. Le fa go ntse jalo, Africanis e itsege ka go tsala ka boammaaruri ka sebopego se se lemotshegang. == Kamano ya Africanis le batho == Ba-Afrika ga ba golo go golagana le mafelo a bonno a batho mo Afrika Borwa. Dintša di ntse di dirisiwa go thusa go disa dinku, dipudi le dikgomo, le go thusa ditsala tsa tsone tsa batho go tsoma. Afrikanis e itsege ka maine a le mmalwa. Tseno di akaretsa ntša ya Kasi, ntša ya Khoikhoi, le ntsa ya Setswana. Le fa ka kakaretso ba ne ba tseelwa kwa tlase ke baagi ba Yuropa ba ba neng ba rata mefuta ya bona ya dintša tse di tswang kwa ntle, Africanis e ne e tlotliwa thata ke maAforika. Go dirilwe maiteko a go sireletsa, go somarela le go rotloetsa dintša tseno. Mo Afrika BOrwa, go ne ga tlhongwa mokgatlho ka 1998 go somarela diAfricanis, Mokgatlho wa Africanis wa Afrika Borwa. Leina la Africanis ke kopanyo ya mafoko "Afrika" le "Canis". == Mekgwa a Africanis == [[Setshwantsho:Africanis featured.jpg|thumb]] Ntša ya Africanis e tsewa ke botlhe e le e e nang le lerato, e e botlhale, e bile e le bonolo. DiNtša tse di na le keletso ya tlholego ya go itumedisa beng ba tsone, mme seno se dira gore go nne motlhofo go di thapisa. == Dipadi tse dingwe == 2n7s29w2cs0f3a95ko8auoxsjzxo8jb 54607 54606 2026-09-08T09:53:26Z Nikimedia02 13148 54607 wikitext text/x-wiki Mofuta wa dintša tsa Africanis ke mofuta wa dintša tse di ratiwang thata mo aforikaborwa. Ke nša ya bogolo jo bo magareng, e e nang le letlalo le lekhutshwane, e e nang le lebala le lentsho le le tlhaolang go dikologa karolo e e kwa pele ya molomo.<ref>Swart, S. (2007) Dogs and dogma: A discussion of the socio-political construction of southern african dog ‘breeds’ as a window onto social history. In: Canis Africanis. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004154193.i-300.57 </ref> == Tlhaloso == Ntša eno gantsi e tsewa e le ntša e e se nang mong, e e tsamayang ka kgololesego, leha ho le jwalo, e bile le beng ba aforika borwa le ho hlokomelwa. Gantsi Africanis e eme magareng ga disentimetara di le 50 le 62. Ka e le 'landrace', dipharologano tse dinnye tsa tebego di ka nna tsa tlwaelega. Le fa go ntse jalo, Africanis e itsege ka go tsala ka boammaaruri ka sebopego se se lemotshegang. == Kamano ya Africanis le batho == Ba-Afrika ga ba golo go golagana le mafelo a bonno a batho mo Afrika Borwa. Dintša di ntse di dirisiwa go thusa go disa dinku, dipudi le dikgomo, le go thusa ditsala tsa tsone tsa batho go tsoma. Afrikanis e itsege ka maine a le mmalwa. Tseno di akaretsa ntša ya Kasi, ntša ya Khoikhoi, le ntsa ya Setswana. Le fa ka kakaretso ba ne ba tseelwa kwa tlase ke baagi ba Yuropa ba ba neng ba rata mefuta ya bona ya dintša tse di tswang kwa ntle, Africanis e ne e tlotliwa thata ke maAforika. Go dirilwe maiteko a go sireletsa, go somarela le go rotloetsa dintša tseno. Mo Afrika BOrwa, go ne ga tlhongwa mokgatlho ka 1998 go somarela diAfricanis, Mokgatlho wa Africanis wa Afrika Borwa. Leina la Africanis ke kopanyo ya mafoko "Afrika" le "Canis". == Mekgwa a Africanis == [[Setshwantsho:Africanis featured.jpg|thumb]] Ntša ya Africanis e tsewa ke botlhe e le e e nang le lerato, e e botlhale, e bile e le bonolo. DiNtša tse di na le keletso ya tlholego ya go itumedisa beng ba tsone, mme seno se dira gore go nne motlhofo go di thapisa. Ba tsibogela sentle thata fa ba newa katiso e e siameng ya go nonotsha. Gape di itsege ka go nna molmo le bana le go dira diruiwa tse di siameng tsa lelapa. Le fa go ntse jalo, di bontsha boitshwaro jwa go nna kelotlhoko, jwa kgaolo. == Dipadi tse dingwe == n4lov4wd996odld2n5oaocse4tobq81 54608 54607 2026-09-08T10:08:37Z Nikimedia02 13148 54608 wikitext text/x-wiki Mofuta wa dintša tsa Africanis ke mofuta wa dintša tse di ratiwang thata mo aforikaborwa. Ke nša ya bogolo jo bo magareng, e e nang le letlalo le lekhutshwane, e e nang le lebala le lentsho le le tlhaolang go dikologa karolo e e kwa pele ya molomo.<ref>Swart, S. (2007) Dogs and dogma: A discussion of the socio-political construction of southern african dog ‘breeds’ as a window onto social history. In: Canis Africanis. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004154193.i-300.57 </ref> == Tlhaloso == Ntša eno gantsi e tsewa e le ntša e e se nang mong, e e tsamayang ka kgololesego, leha ho le jwalo, e bile le beng ba aforika borwa le ho hlokomelwa. Gantsi Africanis e eme magareng ga disentimetara di le 50 le 62. Ka e le 'landrace', dipharologano tse dinnye tsa tebego di ka nna tsa tlwaelega. Le fa go ntse jalo, Africanis e itsege ka go tsala ka boammaaruri ka sebopego se se lemotshegang. == Kamano ya Africanis le batho == Ba-Afrika ga ba golo go golagana le mafelo a bonno a batho mo Afrika Borwa. Dintša di ntse di dirisiwa go thusa go disa dinku, dipudi le dikgomo, le go thusa ditsala tsa tsone tsa batho go tsoma. Afrikanis e itsege ka maine a le mmalwa. Tseno di akaretsa ntša ya Kasi, ntša ya Khoikhoi, le ntsa ya Setswana. Le fa ka kakaretso ba ne ba tseelwa kwa tlase ke baagi ba Yuropa ba ba neng ba rata mefuta ya bona ya dintša tse di tswang kwa ntle, Africanis e ne e tlotliwa thata ke maAforika. Go dirilwe maiteko a go sireletsa, go somarela le go rotloetsa dintša tseno. Mo Afrika BOrwa, go ne ga tlhongwa mokgatlho ka 1998 go somarela diAfricanis, Mokgatlho wa Africanis wa Afrika Borwa. Leina la Africanis ke kopanyo ya mafoko "Afrika" le "Canis". == Mekgwa a Africanis == [[Setshwantsho:Africanis featured.jpg|thumb]] Ntša ya Africanis e tsewa ke botlhe e le e e nang le lerato, e e botlhale, e bile e le bonolo.<ref>Pets24 (2025-03-05). "What makes Africanis Good Pets: A Guide - Pets24". [https://pets24.co.za]</ref> DiNtša tse di na le keletso ya tlholego ya go itumedisa beng ba tsone, mme seno se dira gore go nne motlhofo go di thapisa. Ba tsibogela sentle thata fa ba newa katiso e e siameng ya go nonotsha. Gape di itsege ka go nna molmo le bana le go dira diruiwa tse di siameng tsa lelapa. Le fa go ntse jalo, di bontsha boitshwaro jwa go nna kelotlhoko, jwa kgaolo. == Dipadi tse dingwe == <references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Ntja ya Africanis}} r95zyyz82hzvgvg78zm7gszv5z1ojqp 54610 54608 2026-09-08T10:28:40Z Nikimedia02 13148 54610 wikitext text/x-wiki Mofuta wa dintša tsa Africanis ke mofuta wa dintša tse di ratiwang thata mo aforikaborwa. Ke nša ya bogolo jo bo magareng, e e nang le letlalo le lekhutshwane, e e nang le lebala le lentsho le le tlhaolang go dikologa karolo e e kwa pele ya molomo.<ref>Swart, S. (2007) Dogs and dogma: A discussion of the socio-political construction of southern african dog ‘breeds’ as a window onto social history. In: Canis Africanis. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004154193.i-300.57 </ref> == Tlhaloso == Ntša eno gantsi e tsewa e le ntša e e se nang mong, e e tsamayang ka kgololesego, leha ho le jwalo, e bile le beng ba aforika borwa le ho hlokomelwa.<ref>Moggs, Tim; Sealy, Judith (2008). "Africanis: the pre-colonial dog of Africa". In van Sittert, Lance; Swart, Sandra. Canis Africanis: a dog history Southern Africa. Leiden: Brill. pp. 35-52. ISBN 978-90-04-15419-3</ref> Gantsi Africanis e eme magareng ga disentimetara di le 50 le 62. Ka e le 'landrace', dipharologano tse dinnye tsa tebego di ka nna tsa tlwaelega. Le fa go ntse jalo, Africanis e itsege ka go tsala ka boammaaruri ka sebopego se se lemotshegang. == Kamano ya Africanis le batho == Ba-Afrika ga ba golo go golagana le mafelo a bonno a batho mo Afrika Borwa. Dintša di ntse di dirisiwa go thusa go disa dinku, dipudi le dikgomo, le go thusa ditsala tsa tsone tsa batho go tsoma. Afrikanis e itsege ka maine a le mmalwa. Tseno di akaretsa ntša ya Kasi, ntša ya Khoikhoi, le ntsa ya Setswana. Le fa ka kakaretso ba ne ba tseelwa kwa tlase ke baagi ba Yuropa ba ba neng ba rata mefuta ya bona ya dintša tse di tswang kwa ntle, Africanis e ne e tlotliwa thata ke maAforika. Go dirilwe maiteko a go sireletsa, go somarela le go rotloetsa dintša tseno. Mo Afrika BOrwa, go ne ga tlhongwa mokgatlho ka 1998 go somarela diAfricanis, Mokgatlho wa Africanis wa Afrika Borwa. Leina la Africanis ke kopanyo ya mafoko "Afrika" le "Canis".[[Setshwantsho:Africanis featured.jpg|thumb|427x427px]] == Mekgwa a Africanis == Ntša ya Africanis e tsewa ke botlhe e le e e nang le lerato, e e botlhale, e bile e le bonolo.<ref>Pets24 (2025-03-05). "What makes Africanis Good Pets: A Guide - Pets24". [https://pets24.co.za]</ref> DiNtša tse di na le keletso ya tlholego ya go itumedisa beng ba tsone, mme seno se dira gore go nne motlhofo go di thapisa.<ref>Clutton, Juliet; Driscoll, Carlos A. (2016). "1-Origins of the dog:The archeological evidence". In James Serpell. The Domestig Dog: Its Evolution, Behavior and Interactions with People. Cambridge University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-107-02414-4</ref> Ba tsibogela sentle thata fa ba newa katiso e e siameng ya go nonotsha. Gape di itsege ka go nna molmo le bana le go dira diruiwa tse di siameng tsa lelapa. Le fa go ntse jalo, di bontsha boitshwaro jwa go nna kelotlhoko, jwa kgaolo. == Dipadi tse dingwe == <references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Ntja ya Africanis}} exv349scbk45ch78oohvs4p8srwofkk 54611 54610 2026-09-08T10:32:33Z Nikimedia02 13148 54611 wikitext text/x-wiki Mofuta wa dintša tsa Africanis ke mofuta wa dintša tse di ratiwang thata mo aforikaborwa. Ke nša ya bogolo jo bo magareng, e e nang le letlalo le lekhutshwane, e e nang le lebala le lentsho le le tlhaolang go dikologa karolo e e kwa pele ya molomo.<ref>Swart, S. (2007) Dogs and dogma: A discussion of the socio-political construction of southern african dog ‘breeds’ as a window onto social history. In: Canis Africanis. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004154193.i-300.57 </ref> == Tlhaloso == Ntša eno gantsi e tsewa e le ntša e e se nang mong, e e tsamayang ka kgololesego, leha ho le jwalo, e bile le beng ba aforika borwa le ho hlokomelwa.<ref>Moggs, Tim; Sealy, Judith (2008). "Africanis: the pre-colonial dog of Africa". In van Sittert, Lance; Swart, Sandra. Canis Africanis: a dog history Southern Africa. Leiden: Brill. pp. 35-52. ISBN 978-90-04-15419-3</ref> Gantsi Africanis e eme magareng ga disentimetara di le 50 le 62. Ka e le 'landrace', dipharologano tse dinnye tsa tebego di ka nna tsa tlwaelega. Le fa go ntse jalo, Africanis e itsege ka go tsala ka boammaaruri ka sebopego se se lemotshegang. == Kamano ya Africanis le batho == [[Setshwantsho:Africanis featured.jpg|thumb|499x499px]] Ba-Afrika ga ba golo go golagana le mafelo a bonno a batho mo Afrika Borwa. Dintša di ntse di dirisiwa go thusa go disa dinku, dipudi le dikgomo, le go thusa ditsala tsa tsone tsa batho go tsoma. Afrikanis e itsege ka maine a le mmalwa. Tseno di akaretsa ntša ya Kasi, ntša ya Khoikhoi, le ntsa ya Setswana. Le fa ka kakaretso ba ne ba tseelwa kwa tlase ke baagi ba Yuropa ba ba neng ba rata mefuta ya bona ya dintša tse di tswang kwa ntle, Africanis e ne e tlotliwa thata ke maAforika. Go dirilwe maiteko a go sireletsa, go somarela le go rotloetsa dintša tseno. Mo Afrika BOrwa, go ne ga tlhongwa mokgatlho ka 1998 go somarela diAfricanis, Mokgatlho wa Africanis wa Afrika Borwa. Leina la Africanis ke kopanyo ya mafoko "Afrika" le "Canis". == Mekgwa a Africanis == Ntša ya Africanis e tsewa ke botlhe e le e e nang le lerato, e e botlhale, e bile e le bonolo.<ref>Pets24 (2025-03-05). "What makes Africanis Good Pets: A Guide - Pets24". [https://pets24.co.za]</ref> DiNtša tse di na le keletso ya tlholego ya go itumedisa beng ba tsone, mme seno se dira gore go nne motlhofo go di thapisa.<ref>Clutton, Juliet; Driscoll, Carlos A. (2016). "1-Origins of the dog:The archeological evidence". In James Serpell. The Domestig Dog: Its Evolution, Behavior and Interactions with People. Cambridge University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-107-02414-4</ref> Ba tsibogela sentle thata fa ba newa katiso e e siameng ya go nonotsha. Gape di itsege ka go nna molmo le bana le go dira diruiwa tse di siameng tsa lelapa. Le fa go ntse jalo, di bontsha boitshwaro jwa go nna kelotlhoko, jwa kgaolo. == Dipadi tse dingwe == <references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Ntja ya Africanis}} 8ocyqj9smgxwit4in4qm2im495lmnlb 54615 54611 2026-09-08T10:46:18Z Nikimedia02 13148 54615 wikitext text/x-wiki Mofuta wa dintša tsa Africanis ke mofuta wa dintša tse di ratiwang thata mo [[Aforika Borwa|aforikaborwa]]. Ke nša ya bogolo jo bo magareng, e e nang le letlalo le lekhutshwane, e e nang le lebala le lentsho le le tlhaolang go dikologa karolo e e kwa pele ya molomo.<ref>Swart, S. (2007) Dogs and dogma: A discussion of the socio-political construction of southern african dog ‘breeds’ as a window onto social history. In: Canis Africanis. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004154193.i-300.57 </ref> == Tlhaloso == Ntša eno gantsi e tsewa e le ntša e e se nang mong, e e tsamayang ka kgololesego, leha ho le jwalo, e bile le beng ba aforika borwa le ho hlokomelwa.<ref>Moggs, Tim; Sealy, Judith (2008). "Africanis: the pre-colonial dog of Africa". In van Sittert, Lance; Swart, Sandra. Canis Africanis: a dog history Southern Africa. Leiden: Brill. pp. 35-52. ISBN 978-90-04-15419-3</ref> Gantsi Africanis e eme magareng ga disentimetara di le 50 le 62. Ka e le 'landrace', dipharologano tse dinnye tsa tebego di ka nna tsa tlwaelega. Le fa go ntse jalo, Africanis e itsege ka go tsala ka boammaaruri ka sebopego se se lemotshegang. == Kamano ya Africanis le batho == [[Setshwantsho:Africanis featured.jpg|thumb|499x499px]] Ba-Afrika ga ba golo go golagana le mafelo a bonno a batho mo Afrika Borwa. Dintša di ntse di dirisiwa go thusa go disa dinku, dipudi le dikgomo, le go thusa ditsala tsa tsone tsa batho go tsoma. Afrikanis e itsege ka maine a le mmalwa. Tseno di akaretsa ntša ya Kasi, ntša ya Khoikhoi, le ntsa ya Setswana. Le fa ka kakaretso ba ne ba tseelwa kwa tlase ke baagi ba Yuropa ba ba neng ba rata mefuta ya bona ya dintša tse di tswang kwa ntle, Africanis e ne e tlotliwa thata ke maAforika. Go dirilwe maiteko a go sireletsa, go somarela le go rotloetsa dintša tseno. Mo Afrika BOrwa, go ne ga tlhongwa mokgatlho ka 1998 go somarela diAfricanis, Mokgatlho wa Africanis wa Afrika Borwa. Leina la Africanis ke kopanyo ya mafoko "Afrika" le "Canis". == Mekgwa a Africanis == Ntša ya Africanis e tsewa ke botlhe e le e e nang le lerato, e e botlhale, e bile e le bonolo.<ref>Pets24 (2025-03-05). "What makes Africanis Good Pets: A Guide - Pets24". [https://pets24.co.za]</ref> DiNtša tse di na le keletso ya tlholego ya go itumedisa beng ba tsone, mme seno se dira gore go nne motlhofo go di thapisa.<ref>Clutton, Juliet; Driscoll, Carlos A. (2016). "1-Origins of the dog:The archeological evidence". In James Serpell. The Domestig Dog: Its Evolution, Behavior and Interactions with People. Cambridge University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-107-02414-4</ref> Ba tsibogela sentle thata fa ba newa katiso e e siameng ya go nonotsha. Gape di itsege ka go nna molmo le bana le go dira diruiwa tse di siameng tsa lelapa. Le fa go ntse jalo, di bontsha boitshwaro jwa go nna kelotlhoko, jwa kgaolo. == Dipadi tse dingwe == <references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Ntja ya Africanis}} ssmjymh2twuyupuj0nx4ejbfpxtnd2o 0 14979 54609 2026-09-08T10:24:33Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e 54609 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mogope wa tlholego ya motho'''<ref>Fleminger, David (2008). ''The Cradle of Humankind''. 30° South Publishers. pp.&#x20;7–10. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-9584891-3-3|978-0-9584891-3-3]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200203002245/https://davidfleminger.co.za/books/cradle-of-humankind/ "Cradle of Humankind – David Fleminger"]. Archived from [http://www.davidfleminger.co.za/books/cradle-of-humankind/ the original] on 3 February 2020. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref><ref>Wayman, Erin. [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-human-evolution-world-tour-10925648/ "The Human Evolution World Tour"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''. Retrieved 30 December 2019.</ref> ke lefelo la [[thuto ya batho ba bogologolo]] le le leng dikilometara di ka nna masome matlhano (31 mi) kwa bokonebophirima jwa [[Johannesburg]], [[Aforika Borwa]], mo kgaolong ya [[Gauteng]]. E itsisitswe jaaka [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] ke [[UNESCO]] ka 1999,<ref>[https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Cradle-of-Humankind/601978 "Why is the Cradle of Humankind important?"].</ref> lefelo leno ke legae la masalela a mantsi go gaisa a a itsiweng a bagologolwane ba batho gongwe le gongwe mo lefatsheng.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/fossils-cradle-humankind-site-reignite-debate-origins-humans-rcna35867 "Fossils in the Cradle of Humankind site reignite debate over origins of humans"]. [[:en:NBC_News|NBC News]]. 30 June 2022. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> Lefelo le ga jaana le tsaya diheketara di le dikete tse masome a mane le bosupa (diekere di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome mabedi)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130423235449/http://maropeng.co.za/index.php/about/ "Maropeng a'Afrika and the Cradle of Humankind"]. maropeng.co.za. Archived from [http://www.maropeng.co.za/index.php/about/ the original] on 23 April 2013. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> mme le na le thulaganyo e e raraaneng ya magaga a [[kalaka]]. Leina le le kwadisitsweng la lefelo mo lenaaneng la Mafelo a Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe ke '''Mafelo a Fossil Hominid a Aforika Borwa'''. Go ya ka ''[[South African Journal of Science]]'', [[Bolt's Farm]] ke lefelo le diphologolo tsa ntlha di ribolotsweng mo go lone.<ref>[[doi:10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017|"Research Briefs"]]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''109''' (5/6): 1–2. 2013. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017|10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0038-2353 0038-2353].</ref> Polase ya ga Bolt e ne e epiwa thata go bona [[speleothem]] (calcium carbonate go tswa mo di-[[stalagmite]], di-[[stalactite]], le [[matlapa a a elelang]]) mo lekgolong la dingwaga la bolesome le borobabongwe le tshimologo ya lekgolo la dingwaga la masome a mabedi.<ref>Edwards, Tara R.; Armstrong, Brian J.; Birkett-Rees, Jessie; Blackwood, Alexander F.; Herries, Andy I.R.; Penzo-Kajewski, Paul; Pickering, Robyn; Adams, Justin W. (14 January 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6336010 "Combining legacy data with new drone and DGPS mapping to identify the provenance of Plio-Pleistocene fossils from Bolt's Farm, Cradle of Humankind (South Africa)"]. ''PeerJ''. '''7''' e6202. doi:10.7717/peerj.6202. ISSN&#x20;2167-8359. PMC&#x20;6336010. PMID&#x20;30656072.</ref> [[Dikgaga tsa Sterkfontein]] e ne e le lefelo la thibololo ya [[masalela]] a dingwaga di le didikadike di le 2.3 tsa ''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'' (e e bidiwang "[[Mrs Ples]]"), e e bonweng ka 1947 ke [[Robert Broom]] le [[John T. Robinson]]. Phitlhelelo e thusitse go netefatsa thibololo ya 1924 ke [[Raymond Dart]] ya legata la ''Australopithecus africanus'' le lennye le le itsegeng jaaka "[[Taung skull|Ngwana wa Taung]]" kwa [[Taung]] kwa [[Bokone Bophirima|Kgaolong ya Bokone Bophirima]] jwa Aforika Borwa, kwa go epololwa go santseng go tsweleletse. Gaufi, fela e seng mo lefelong, thulaganyo ya [[Rising Star Cave]] e na le [[Phaposi ya Dinaledi]] (Dinaledi Chamber), e mo go yone go neng ga ribololwa marapo a le lesome le botlhano a [[masalela a mofuta o o nyeletseng]] wa [[hominin]], o o bidiwang ''[[Homo naledi]]'' ka nakwana. [[Sterkfontein]] e le nosi e tlhagisitse go feta bongwe mo borarong jwa masalela a ntlha a hominid a a bonweng pele ga 2010.<ref>Smith, David (15 January 2010). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/15/sterkfontein-caves-south-africa "Visit to the Cradle of Humankind"]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. London. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> Phaposi ya Dinaledi e na le ditlhopha tsa marapo a ''H. naledi'' a feta sekete le sephatlo go tswa mo ditsheding tse di ka nnang lesome le botlhano, e leng thibololo e e tseneletseng go gaisa ya mofuta o le mongwe wa hominid o o kileng wa fitlhelwa mo Aforika.<ref>Wong, Kate (10 September 2015). [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mysterious-new-human-species-emerges-from-heap-of-fossils/ "Mysterious New Human Species Emerges from Heap of Fossils"]. ''[[:en:Scientific_American|Scientific American]]''. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi 2026.</ref> == Thuto ya mafoko == == Metswedi == qwtchdqycklbq4zs1bhzcuvb8bwksxv 54614 54609 2026-09-08T10:45:40Z KatieKea 10150 /* Thuto ya mafoko */ Ke simolotse go ranola karolo e 54614 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mogope wa tlholego ya motho'''<ref name=":0">Fleminger, David (2008). ''The Cradle of Humankind''. 30° South Publishers. pp.&#x20;7–10. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-9584891-3-3|978-0-9584891-3-3]]</bdi>.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200203002245/https://davidfleminger.co.za/books/cradle-of-humankind/ "Cradle of Humankind – David Fleminger"]. Archived from [http://www.davidfleminger.co.za/books/cradle-of-humankind/ the original] on 3 February 2020. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref><ref name=":2">Wayman, Erin. [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-human-evolution-world-tour-10925648/ "The Human Evolution World Tour"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''. Retrieved 30 December 2019.</ref> ke lefelo la [[thuto ya batho ba bogologolo]] le le leng dikilometara di ka nna masome matlhano (31 mi) kwa bokonebophirima jwa [[Johannesburg]], [[Aforika Borwa]], mo kgaolong ya [[Gauteng]]. E itsisitswe jaaka [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] ke [[UNESCO]] ka 1999,<ref>[https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Cradle-of-Humankind/601978 "Why is the Cradle of Humankind important?"].</ref> lefelo leno ke legae la masalela a mantsi go gaisa a a itsiweng a bagologolwane ba batho gongwe le gongwe mo lefatsheng.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/fossils-cradle-humankind-site-reignite-debate-origins-humans-rcna35867 "Fossils in the Cradle of Humankind site reignite debate over origins of humans"]. [[:en:NBC_News|NBC News]]. 30 June 2022. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> Lefelo le ga jaana le tsaya diheketara di le dikete tse masome a mane le bosupa (diekere di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome mabedi)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130423235449/http://maropeng.co.za/index.php/about/ "Maropeng a'Afrika and the Cradle of Humankind"]. maropeng.co.za. Archived from [http://www.maropeng.co.za/index.php/about/ the original] on 23 April 2013. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> mme le na le thulaganyo e e raraaneng ya magaga a [[kalaka]]. Leina le le kwadisitsweng la lefelo mo lenaaneng la Mafelo a Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe ke '''Mafelo a Fossil Hominid a Aforika Borwa'''. Go ya ka ''[[South African Journal of Science]]'', [[Bolt's Farm]] ke lefelo le diphologolo tsa ntlha di ribolotsweng mo go lone.<ref>[[doi:10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017|"Research Briefs"]]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''109''' (5/6): 1–2. 2013. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017|10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0038-2353 0038-2353].</ref> Polase ya ga Bolt e ne e epiwa thata go bona [[speleothem]] (calcium carbonate go tswa mo di-[[stalagmite]], di-[[stalactite]], le [[matlapa a a elelang]]) mo lekgolong la dingwaga la bolesome le borobabongwe le tshimologo ya lekgolo la dingwaga la masome a mabedi.<ref>Edwards, Tara R.; Armstrong, Brian J.; Birkett-Rees, Jessie; Blackwood, Alexander F.; Herries, Andy I.R.; Penzo-Kajewski, Paul; Pickering, Robyn; Adams, Justin W. (14 January 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6336010 "Combining legacy data with new drone and DGPS mapping to identify the provenance of Plio-Pleistocene fossils from Bolt's Farm, Cradle of Humankind (South Africa)"]. ''PeerJ''. '''7''' e6202. doi:10.7717/peerj.6202. ISSN&#x20;2167-8359. PMC&#x20;6336010. PMID&#x20;30656072.</ref> [[Dikgaga tsa Sterkfontein]] e ne e le lefelo la thibololo ya [[masalela]] a dingwaga di le didikadike di le 2.3 tsa ''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'' (e e bidiwang "[[Mrs Ples]]"), e e bonweng ka 1947 ke [[Robert Broom]] le [[John T. Robinson]]. Phitlhelelo e thusitse go netefatsa thibololo ya 1924 ke [[Raymond Dart]] ya legata la ''Australopithecus africanus'' le lennye le le itsegeng jaaka "[[Taung skull|Ngwana wa Taung]]" kwa [[Taung]] kwa [[Bokone Bophirima|Kgaolong ya Bokone Bophirima]] jwa Aforika Borwa, kwa go epololwa go santseng go tsweleletse. Gaufi, fela e seng mo lefelong, thulaganyo ya [[Rising Star Cave]] e na le [[Phaposi ya Dinaledi]] (Dinaledi Chamber), e mo go yone go neng ga ribololwa marapo a le lesome le botlhano a [[masalela a mofuta o o nyeletseng]] wa [[hominin]], o o bidiwang ''[[Homo naledi]]'' ka nakwana. [[Sterkfontein]] e le nosi e tlhagisitse go feta bongwe mo borarong jwa masalela a ntlha a hominid a a bonweng pele ga 2010.<ref>Smith, David (15 January 2010). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/15/sterkfontein-caves-south-africa "Visit to the Cradle of Humankind"]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. London. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> Phaposi ya Dinaledi e na le ditlhopha tsa marapo a ''H. naledi'' a feta sekete le sephatlo go tswa mo ditsheding tse di ka nnang lesome le botlhano, e leng thibololo e e tseneletseng go gaisa ya mofuta o le mongwe wa hominid o o kileng wa fitlhelwa mo Aforika.<ref>Wong, Kate (10 September 2015). [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mysterious-new-human-species-emerges-from-heap-of-fossils/ "Mysterious New Human Species Emerges from Heap of Fossils"]. ''[[:en:Scientific_American|Scientific American]]''. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi 2026.</ref> == Thuto ya mafoko == Leina ''Cradle of Humankind'' le bontsha ntlha ya gore lefelo leno le tlhagisitse palo e ntsi thata ya masalela a di-[[hominin]], dingwe tsa tsone tsa bogologolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di iseng di bonwe, tse di simolotseng dingwaga di le didikadike di le tharo le sephatlo tse di fetileng.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Ditso tsa diphitlhelelo == Ka 1935, Robert Broom o ne a bona masalela a ntlha a motho kwa Sterkfontein mme a simolola tiro mo lefelong le. Ka 1938, mosimane mongwe yo mmotlana wa sekolo, Gert Terrblanche, o ne a tlisa dikarolwana tsa legata la ga Raymond Dart go tswa kwa [[Kromdraai]] e e gaufi tse moragonyana di neng tsa lemogiwa jaaka ''[[Paranthropus robustus]]''. Gape ka 1938, leino le le lengwe la motho le ne la fitlhelwa kwa lefelong la [[Cooper’s Cave]] fa gare ga Kromdraai le Sterkfontein. Ka 1948, Leeto la Camp-Peabody go tswa kwa United States le ne la dira kwa Bolts Farm le [[Gladysvale]] le batla masalela a di-hominid, mme la palelwa ke go bona epe. Moragonyana ka 1948, Robert Broom o ne a supa masalela a ntlha a hominid go tswa mo logageng lwa [[Swartkrans]]. Ka 1954, [[C. K. Brain]] o ne a simolola go bereka kwa mafelong a a neng a le kwa Cradle, go akaretsa le Logaga lwa Cooper. Morago ga moo o ne a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya dingwaga di le masome a mararo kwa logageng lwa Swartkrans, e e neng ya felela ka gore go bonwe setlhopha sa bobedi se segolo sa masalela a hominid go tswa kwa Cradle. Tiriso ya bogologolo e e laolwang ya molelo ke Homo erectus le yone e ne ya ribololwa kwa Swartkrans mme ya kwalwa dingwaga di feta sedikadike tse di fetileng.<ref>Brain, CK; Sillen, A (1988). "Evidence from the Swartkrans Cave for the earliest use of fire". ''Nature''. '''336''' (6198): 464:466. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Natur.336..464B 1988Natur.336..464B]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/336464a0|10.1038/336464a0]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4318364 4318364].</ref><ref>Hilton Barber, Brett; Berger, Lee R (December 2004). ''[http://www.penguinrandomhouse.co.za/book/field-guide-cradle-humankind/9781770070653 Field Guide to the Cradle of Human Kind: Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai and Environs World Heritage Site]'' (First&#x20;ed.). Cape Town: Penguin Random House. p.&#x20;75. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-77007-065-3|978-1-77007-065-3]]</bdi>. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> Ka 1966, [[Phillip Tobias]] o simolotse dipatlisiso tsa gagwe tsa Sterkfontein tse di santseng di tsweletse mme ke dipatlisiso tsa masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng tse di tswelelang ka nako e telele go gaisa mo lefatsheng. Ka 1991, [[Lee Berger]] wa [[Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand]] o ribolotse dikao tsa ntlha tsa hominid gotswa mo lefelong la Gladysvale, go dira gore e nne lefelo la ntlha le le ntsha la hominid la ntlha go ribololwa mo Aforika Borwa mo dingwageng di le masome a mane le boferabobedi. Ka 1994, [[Andre Keyser]] o ne a ribolola masalela a di-hominid kwa lefelong la Drimolen. Ka 1997, Kevin Kuykendall le Colin Menter ba Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand ba fitlhetse meno a mabedi a masalela a batho kwa lefelong la Gondolin. Gape ka 1997, lerapo la ''Australopithecus'' le le batlileng le felela la "[[Little Foot]]", ka nako eo le ne le beilwe dingwaga di ka nna didikadike di le 3.3 tse di fetileng (go bewa ga bosheng go supa gore le gaufi le dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi le sephatlo tse di fetileng), le ne la ribololwa ke [[Ron Clarke]]. Ka 2001, Steve Churchill wa [[Yunibesithi ya Duke]] le Lee Berger ba ne ba fitlhela masalela a batho a bogologolo a segompieno kwa Letsheng la Plovers. Gape ka 2001, masalela a ntlha a hominid le didiriswa tsa matlapa di ne tsa bonwa mo lefelong kwa Logageng lwa Cooper. Ka 2008, Lee Berger o ribolotse masalela a bontlhabongwe a di-hominid tse pedi (''[[Australopithecus sediba]]'') tse di neng di tshela magareng ga dingwaga di le didikadike di le 1.78 le 1.95 tse di fetileng kwa [[Lefelo la Masalela a Malapa|Lefelong la Masalela a Malapa]]. == Metswedi == c1jwxrrndrjpznvlxf3q0be6qoujwks 54616 54614 2026-09-08T11:07:17Z KatieKea 10150 /* Ditso tsa diphitlhelelo */ Ke okeditse tlhanolo le go tsenya ditshwantsho 54616 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mogope wa tlholego ya motho'''<ref name=":0">Fleminger, David (2008). ''The Cradle of Humankind''. 30° South Publishers. pp.&#x20;7–10. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-9584891-3-3|978-0-9584891-3-3]]</bdi>.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200203002245/https://davidfleminger.co.za/books/cradle-of-humankind/ "Cradle of Humankind – David Fleminger"]. Archived from [http://www.davidfleminger.co.za/books/cradle-of-humankind/ the original] on 3 February 2020. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref><ref name=":2">Wayman, Erin. [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-human-evolution-world-tour-10925648/ "The Human Evolution World Tour"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''. Retrieved 30 December 2019.</ref> ke lefelo la [[thuto ya batho ba bogologolo]] le le leng dikilometara di ka nna masome matlhano (31 mi) kwa bokonebophirima jwa [[Johannesburg]], [[Aforika Borwa]], mo kgaolong ya [[Gauteng]]. E itsisitswe jaaka [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] ke [[UNESCO]] ka 1999,<ref>[https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Cradle-of-Humankind/601978 "Why is the Cradle of Humankind important?"].</ref> lefelo leno ke legae la masalela a mantsi go gaisa a a itsiweng a bagologolwane ba batho gongwe le gongwe mo lefatsheng.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/fossils-cradle-humankind-site-reignite-debate-origins-humans-rcna35867 "Fossils in the Cradle of Humankind site reignite debate over origins of humans"]. [[:en:NBC_News|NBC News]]. 30 June 2022. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> Lefelo le ga jaana le tsaya diheketara di le dikete tse masome a mane le bosupa (diekere di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome mabedi)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130423235449/http://maropeng.co.za/index.php/about/ "Maropeng a'Afrika and the Cradle of Humankind"]. maropeng.co.za. Archived from [http://www.maropeng.co.za/index.php/about/ the original] on 23 April 2013. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> mme le na le thulaganyo e e raraaneng ya magaga a [[kalaka]]. Leina le le kwadisitsweng la lefelo mo lenaaneng la Mafelo a Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe ke '''Mafelo a Fossil Hominid a Aforika Borwa'''. Go ya ka ''[[South African Journal of Science]]'', [[Bolt's Farm]] ke lefelo le diphologolo tsa ntlha di ribolotsweng mo go lone.<ref>[[doi:10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017|"Research Briefs"]]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''109''' (5/6): 1–2. 2013. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017|10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0038-2353 0038-2353].</ref> Polase ya ga Bolt e ne e epiwa thata go bona [[speleothem]] (calcium carbonate go tswa mo di-[[stalagmite]], di-[[stalactite]], le [[matlapa a a elelang]]) mo lekgolong la dingwaga la bolesome le borobabongwe le tshimologo ya lekgolo la dingwaga la masome a mabedi.<ref>Edwards, Tara R.; Armstrong, Brian J.; Birkett-Rees, Jessie; Blackwood, Alexander F.; Herries, Andy I.R.; Penzo-Kajewski, Paul; Pickering, Robyn; Adams, Justin W. (14 January 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6336010 "Combining legacy data with new drone and DGPS mapping to identify the provenance of Plio-Pleistocene fossils from Bolt's Farm, Cradle of Humankind (South Africa)"]. ''PeerJ''. '''7''' e6202. doi:10.7717/peerj.6202. ISSN&#x20;2167-8359. PMC&#x20;6336010. PMID&#x20;30656072.</ref> [[Dikgaga tsa Sterkfontein]] e ne e le lefelo la thibololo ya [[masalela]] a dingwaga di le didikadike di le 2.3 tsa ''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'' (e e bidiwang "[[Mrs Ples]]"), e e bonweng ka 1947 ke [[Robert Broom]] le [[John T. Robinson]]. Phitlhelelo e thusitse go netefatsa thibololo ya 1924 ke [[Raymond Dart]] ya legata la ''Australopithecus africanus'' le lennye le le itsegeng jaaka "[[Taung skull|Ngwana wa Taung]]" kwa [[Taung]] kwa [[Bokone Bophirima|Kgaolong ya Bokone Bophirima]] jwa Aforika Borwa, kwa go epololwa go santseng go tsweleletse. Gaufi, fela e seng mo lefelong, thulaganyo ya [[Rising Star Cave]] e na le [[Phaposi ya Dinaledi]] (Dinaledi Chamber), e mo go yone go neng ga ribololwa marapo a le lesome le botlhano a [[masalela a mofuta o o nyeletseng]] wa [[hominin]], o o bidiwang ''[[Homo naledi]]'' ka nakwana. [[Sterkfontein]] e le nosi e tlhagisitse go feta bongwe mo borarong jwa masalela a ntlha a hominid a a bonweng pele ga 2010.<ref>Smith, David (15 January 2010). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/15/sterkfontein-caves-south-africa "Visit to the Cradle of Humankind"]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. London. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> Phaposi ya Dinaledi e na le ditlhopha tsa marapo a ''H. naledi'' a feta sekete le sephatlo go tswa mo ditsheding tse di ka nnang lesome le botlhano, e leng thibololo e e tseneletseng go gaisa ya mofuta o le mongwe wa hominid o o kileng wa fitlhelwa mo Aforika.<ref>Wong, Kate (10 September 2015). [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mysterious-new-human-species-emerges-from-heap-of-fossils/ "Mysterious New Human Species Emerges from Heap of Fossils"]. ''[[:en:Scientific_American|Scientific American]]''. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi 2026.</ref> == Thuto ya mafoko == Leina ''Cradle of Humankind'' le bontsha ntlha ya gore lefelo leno le tlhagisitse palo e ntsi thata ya masalela a di-[[hominin]], dingwe tsa tsone tsa bogologolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di iseng di bonwe, tse di simolotseng dingwaga di le didikadike di le tharo le sephatlo tse di fetileng.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Ditso tsa diphitlhelelo == Ka 1935, Robert Broom o ne a bona masalela a ntlha a motho kwa Sterkfontein mme a simolola tiro mo lefelong le. Ka 1938, mosimane mongwe yo mmotlana wa sekolo, Gert Terrblanche, o ne a tlisa dikarolwana tsa legata la ga Raymond Dart go tswa kwa [[Kromdraai]] e e gaufi tse moragonyana di neng tsa lemogiwa jaaka ''[[Paranthropus robustus]]''. Gape ka 1938, leino le le lengwe la motho le ne la fitlhelwa kwa lefelong la [[Cooper’s Cave]] fa gare ga Kromdraai le Sterkfontein. Ka 1948, Leeto la Camp-Peabody go tswa kwa United States le ne la dira kwa Bolts Farm le [[Gladysvale]] le batla masalela a di-hominid, mme la palelwa ke go bona epe. Moragonyana ka 1948, Robert Broom o ne a supa masalela a ntlha a hominid go tswa mo logageng lwa [[Swartkrans]]. Ka 1954, [[C. K. Brain]] o ne a simolola go bereka kwa mafelong a a neng a le kwa Cradle, go akaretsa le Logaga lwa Cooper. Morago ga moo o ne a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya dingwaga di le masome a mararo kwa logageng lwa Swartkrans, e e neng ya felela ka gore go bonwe setlhopha sa bobedi se segolo sa masalela a hominid go tswa kwa Cradle. Tiriso ya bogologolo e e laolwang ya molelo ke Homo erectus le yone e ne ya ribololwa kwa Swartkrans mme ya kwalwa dingwaga di feta sedikadike tse di fetileng.<ref>Brain, CK; Sillen, A (1988). "Evidence from the Swartkrans Cave for the earliest use of fire". ''Nature''. '''336''' (6198): 464:466. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Natur.336..464B 1988Natur.336..464B]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/336464a0|10.1038/336464a0]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4318364 4318364].</ref><ref>Hilton Barber, Brett; Berger, Lee R (December 2004). ''[http://www.penguinrandomhouse.co.za/book/field-guide-cradle-humankind/9781770070653 Field Guide to the Cradle of Human Kind: Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai and Environs World Heritage Site]'' (First&#x20;ed.). Cape Town: Penguin Random House. p.&#x20;75. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-77007-065-3|978-1-77007-065-3]]</bdi>. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> Ka 1966, [[Phillip Tobias]] o simolotse dipatlisiso tsa gagwe tsa Sterkfontein tse di santseng di tsweletse mme ke dipatlisiso tsa masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng tse di tswelelang ka nako e telele go gaisa mo lefatsheng. Ka 1991, [[Lee Berger]] wa [[Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand]] o ribolotse dikao tsa ntlha tsa hominid gotswa mo lefelong la Gladysvale, go dira gore e nne lefelo la ntlha le le ntsha la hominid la ntlha go ribololwa mo Aforika Borwa mo dingwageng di le masome a mane le boferabobedi. Ka 1994, [[Andre Keyser]] o ne a ribolola masalela a di-hominid kwa lefelong la Drimolen. Ka 1997, Kevin Kuykendall le Colin Menter ba Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand ba fitlhetse meno a mabedi a masalela a batho kwa lefelong la Gondolin. Gape ka 1997, lerapo la ''Australopithecus'' le le batlileng le felela la "[[Little Foot]]", ka nako eo le ne le beilwe dingwaga di ka nna didikadike di le 3.3 tse di fetileng (go bewa ga bosheng go supa gore le gaufi le dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi le sephatlo tse di fetileng), le ne la ribololwa ke [[Ron Clarke]]. Ka 2001, Steve Churchill wa [[Yunibesithi ya Duke]] le Lee Berger ba ne ba fitlhela masalela a batho a bogologolo a segompieno kwa Letsheng la Plovers. Gape ka 2001, masalela a ntlha a hominid le didiriswa tsa matlapa di ne tsa bonwa mo lefelong kwa Logageng lwa Cooper. Ka 2008, Lee Berger o ribolotse masalela a bontlhabongwe a di-hominid tse pedi (''[[Australopithecus sediba]]'') tse di neng di tshela magareng ga dingwaga di le didikadike di le 1.78 le 1.95 tse di fetileng kwa [[Lefelo la Masalela a Malapa|Lefelong la Masalela a Malapa]]. Ka Phalane 2013, Berger o ne a laela moithuta-lefatshe Pedro Boshoff go batlisisa dithulaganyo tsa magaga mo Cradle of Humankind ka boikaelelo jo bo tlhamaletseng jwa go ribolola mafelo a mangwe a masalela a di-hominin. Batho ba ba batlang mo magageng e bong Rick Hunter le Steven Tucker ba ne ba ribolola masalela a batho mo lefelong le le neng le ise le tlhotlhomisiwe pele la Thulaganyo ya Logaga lwa Rising Star-Westminster le le abetsweng leina la lefelo la UW-101. Ka Ngwanatsele 2013, Berger o ne a etelela pele leeto le le kopanetsweng la Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand le Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Thutafatshe go ya kwa Thulaganyong ya Logaga lwa Dinaledi tse di Tlhatlogang gaufi le Swartkrans. Mo dibekeng tse tharo fela tsa go epa, setlhopha sa boditšhabatšhaba sa basadi ba le barataro sa bmaranyane ba ba gatetseng pele ba thuto ya matlapa (K. Lindsay Eaves, Marina Elliott, [[Elen Feuerriegel]], Alia Gurtov, Hannah Morris, le Becca Peixotto), ba tlhophilwe ka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa bone jwa paleoanthropology le jwa go epa mo magageng, mmogo le bonnye jwa bone, ba ne ba bona ditlhopha tsa masalela a a fetang sekete le makgolo a mabedi tsa mofuta wa hominin o o sa itsiweng. Go tloga ka 2015, lefelo leno le ne le sa ntse le le mo thulaganyong ya go bewa letlha. Ka Lwetse 2015, Berger, ka tirisanommogo le National Geographic, o ne a itsise ka go ribololwa ga mofuta o mosha wa losika lwa motho, o o bidiwang ''[[Homo naledi]]'', go tswa kwa UW-101.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160524163630/http://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/newly-discovered-human-ancestor-likely-ritualistically-disposed-its-dead "New Species of Human Discovered in South Africa"]. ''IFLScience''. Archived from [https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/newly-discovered-human-ancestor-likely-ritualistically-disposed-its-dead the original] on 24 May 2016. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref><ref>Photograph Mark Thiessen, National Geographic (10 September 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150910155237/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150910-human-evolution-change/ "This Face Changes the Human Story. But How?"]. ''National Geographic''. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150910-human-evolution-change/ the original] on 10 September 2015.</ref><ref>Berger, Lee R.; Hawks, John; De Ruiter, Darryl J.; Churchill, Steven E.; Schmid, Peter; Delezene, Lucas K.; Kivell, Tracy L.; Garvin, Heather M.; Williams, Scott A.; Desilva, Jeremy M.; Skinner, Matthew M.; Musiba, Charles M.; Cameron, Noel; Holliday, Trenton W.; Harcourt-Smith, William; Ackermann, Rebecca R.; Bastir, Markus; Bogin, Barry; Bolter, Debra; Brophy, Juliet; Cofran, Zachary D.; Congdon, Kimberly A.; Deane, Andrew S.; Dembo, Mana; Drapeau, Michelle; Elliott, Marina C.; Feuerriegel, Elen M.; Garcia-Martinez, Daniel; Green, David J.; et&#x20;al. (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4559886 "Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa"]. ''eLife''. '''4'''. doi:10.7554/eLife.09560. PMC&#x20;4559886. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26354291 26354291].</ref> Babatlisisi bangwe ba akantsha gore ''H. naledi'' e ne ya baya ditopo tsa baswi ba yone ka bomo mo phaposing e e kgakala ya logaga, boitshwaro jo pele go neng go akanngwa gore bo lekanyeditswe go mefuta ya moragonyana ya Homo, le fa seno e le kgang e e tsweletseng ya kganetsano ya barutegi.<ref>Johannesburg, The University of the Witwatersrand. [https://www.wits.ac.za/homonaledi/ "Homo naledi - Wits University"]. ''www.wits.ac.za''.</ref><ref>Dirks, Paul HGM; Berger, Lee R.; Roberts, Eric M.; Kramers, Jan D.; Hawks, John; Randolph-Quinney, Patrick S.; Elliott, Marina; Musiba, Charles M.; Churchill, Steven E.; De Ruiter, Darryl J.; Schmid, Peter; Backwell, Lucinda R.; Belyanin, Georgy A.; Boshoff, Pedro; Hunter, K. Lindsay; Feuerriegel, Elen M.; Gurtov, Alia; Harrison, James du G.; Hunter, Rick; Kruger, Ashley; Morris, Hannah; Makhubela, Tebogo V.; Peixotto, Becca; Tucker, Steven (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4559842 "Geological and taphonomic context for the new hominin species Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa"]. ''eLife''. '''4'''. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.7554/eLife.09561|10.7554/eLife.09561]]. PMC&#x20;4559842. PMID&#x20;26354289.</ref> Mo malatsing a bofelo a Leeto la Dinaledi tse di Tlhatlogang, batlhatlheledi ba dikgaga Rick Hunter le Steven Tucker ba ne ba ribolola dilo tse dingwe tsa masalela a hominid mo karolong e nngwe ya thulaganyo ya dikgaga. Dipatlisiso tsa ntlha mo lefelong leno, le le bidiwang UW-102, di ne di simolotse ka 2013 mme tsa ntsha dilo tse di feletseng tsa masalela a hominid tsa yone. Kamano ya lefelo la 101 le 102 ga e itsiwe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131107202308/http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/tag/rising-star-expedition/ "Rising Star Expedition"]. Archived from [http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/tag/rising-star-expedition/ the original] on 7 November 2013.</ref><ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2013-11-26-scientists-bag-more-than-1000-fossils-at-cradle-treasure-trove "Scientists bag more than 1000 fossils at Cradle 'treasure trove'"].</ref><ref>[http://johnhawks.net/weblog/hawks/travel/johannesburg-update-feb-2014.html "Johannesburg Update"].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Australopithecus africanus - Cast of taung child Face.jpg|left|thumb|232x232px|''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'' (e agilwe sesha)]] [[Setshwantsho:Australopithecus sediba.JPG|thumb|Legata leno ke karolo ya holotype ya ''[[Australopithecus sediba]]'']] == Metswedi == q0ngidr39jxhrka7k0sbhdwusi2c87l 54617 54616 2026-09-08T11:17:50Z KatieKea 10150 ke okeditse tlhanolo le go tsenya dikarolo 54617 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mogope wa tlholego ya motho'''<ref name=":0">Fleminger, David (2008). ''The Cradle of Humankind''. 30° South Publishers. pp.&#x20;7–10. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-9584891-3-3|978-0-9584891-3-3]]</bdi>.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200203002245/https://davidfleminger.co.za/books/cradle-of-humankind/ "Cradle of Humankind – David Fleminger"]. Archived from [http://www.davidfleminger.co.za/books/cradle-of-humankind/ the original] on 3 February 2020. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref><ref name=":2">Wayman, Erin. [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-human-evolution-world-tour-10925648/ "The Human Evolution World Tour"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''. Retrieved 30 December 2019.</ref> ke lefelo la [[thuto ya batho ba bogologolo]] le le leng dikilometara di ka nna masome matlhano (31 mi) kwa bokonebophirima jwa [[Johannesburg]], [[Aforika Borwa]], mo kgaolong ya [[Gauteng]]. E itsisitswe jaaka [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] ke [[UNESCO]] ka 1999,<ref>[https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Cradle-of-Humankind/601978 "Why is the Cradle of Humankind important?"].</ref> lefelo leno ke legae la masalela a mantsi go gaisa a a itsiweng a bagologolwane ba batho gongwe le gongwe mo lefatsheng.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/fossils-cradle-humankind-site-reignite-debate-origins-humans-rcna35867 "Fossils in the Cradle of Humankind site reignite debate over origins of humans"]. [[:en:NBC_News|NBC News]]. 30 June 2022. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> Lefelo le ga jaana le tsaya diheketara di le dikete tse masome a mane le bosupa (diekere di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome mabedi)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130423235449/http://maropeng.co.za/index.php/about/ "Maropeng a'Afrika and the Cradle of Humankind"]. maropeng.co.za. Archived from [http://www.maropeng.co.za/index.php/about/ the original] on 23 April 2013. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> mme le na le thulaganyo e e raraaneng ya magaga a [[kalaka]]. Leina le le kwadisitsweng la lefelo mo lenaaneng la Mafelo a Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe ke '''Mafelo a Fossil Hominid a Aforika Borwa'''. Go ya ka ''[[South African Journal of Science]]'', [[Bolt's Farm]] ke lefelo le diphologolo tsa ntlha di ribolotsweng mo go lone.<ref>[[doi:10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017|"Research Briefs"]]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''109''' (5/6): 1–2. 2013. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017|10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0038-2353 0038-2353].</ref> Polase ya ga Bolt e ne e epiwa thata go bona [[speleothem]] (calcium carbonate go tswa mo di-[[stalagmite]], di-[[stalactite]], le [[matlapa a a elelang]]) mo lekgolong la dingwaga la bolesome le borobabongwe le tshimologo ya lekgolo la dingwaga la masome a mabedi.<ref>Edwards, Tara R.; Armstrong, Brian J.; Birkett-Rees, Jessie; Blackwood, Alexander F.; Herries, Andy I.R.; Penzo-Kajewski, Paul; Pickering, Robyn; Adams, Justin W. (14 January 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6336010 "Combining legacy data with new drone and DGPS mapping to identify the provenance of Plio-Pleistocene fossils from Bolt's Farm, Cradle of Humankind (South Africa)"]. ''PeerJ''. '''7''' e6202. doi:10.7717/peerj.6202. ISSN&#x20;2167-8359. PMC&#x20;6336010. PMID&#x20;30656072.</ref> [[Dikgaga tsa Sterkfontein]] e ne e le lefelo la thibololo ya [[masalela]] a dingwaga di le didikadike di le 2.3 tsa ''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'' (e e bidiwang "[[Mrs Ples]]"), e e bonweng ka 1947 ke [[Robert Broom]] le [[John T. Robinson]]. Phitlhelelo e thusitse go netefatsa thibololo ya 1924 ke [[Raymond Dart]] ya legata la ''Australopithecus africanus'' le lennye le le itsegeng jaaka "[[Taung skull|Ngwana wa Taung]]" kwa [[Taung]] kwa [[Bokone Bophirima|Kgaolong ya Bokone Bophirima]] jwa Aforika Borwa, kwa go epololwa go santseng go tsweleletse. Gaufi, fela e seng mo lefelong, thulaganyo ya [[Rising Star Cave]] e na le [[Phaposi ya Dinaledi]] (Dinaledi Chamber), e mo go yone go neng ga ribololwa marapo a le lesome le botlhano a [[masalela a mofuta o o nyeletseng]] wa [[hominin]], o o bidiwang ''[[Homo naledi]]'' ka nakwana. [[Sterkfontein]] e le nosi e tlhagisitse go feta bongwe mo borarong jwa masalela a ntlha a hominid a a bonweng pele ga 2010.<ref>Smith, David (15 January 2010). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/15/sterkfontein-caves-south-africa "Visit to the Cradle of Humankind"]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. London. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> Phaposi ya Dinaledi e na le ditlhopha tsa marapo a ''H. naledi'' a feta sekete le sephatlo go tswa mo ditsheding tse di ka nnang lesome le botlhano, e leng thibololo e e tseneletseng go gaisa ya mofuta o le mongwe wa hominid o o kileng wa fitlhelwa mo Aforika.<ref>Wong, Kate (10 September 2015). [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mysterious-new-human-species-emerges-from-heap-of-fossils/ "Mysterious New Human Species Emerges from Heap of Fossils"]. ''[[:en:Scientific_American|Scientific American]]''. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi 2026.</ref> == Thuto ya mafoko == Leina ''Cradle of Humankind'' le bontsha ntlha ya gore lefelo leno le tlhagisitse palo e ntsi thata ya masalela a di-[[hominin]], dingwe tsa tsone tsa bogologolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di iseng di bonwe, tse di simolotseng dingwaga di le didikadike di le tharo le sephatlo tse di fetileng.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Ditso tsa diphitlhelelo == Ka 1935, Robert Broom o ne a bona masalela a ntlha a motho kwa Sterkfontein mme a simolola tiro mo lefelong le. Ka 1938, mosimane mongwe yo mmotlana wa sekolo, Gert Terrblanche, o ne a tlisa dikarolwana tsa legata la ga Raymond Dart go tswa kwa [[Kromdraai]] e e gaufi tse moragonyana di neng tsa lemogiwa jaaka ''[[Paranthropus robustus]]''. Gape ka 1938, leino le le lengwe la motho le ne la fitlhelwa kwa lefelong la [[Cooper’s Cave]] fa gare ga Kromdraai le Sterkfontein. Ka 1948, Leeto la Camp-Peabody go tswa kwa United States le ne la dira kwa Bolts Farm le [[Gladysvale]] le batla masalela a di-hominid, mme la palelwa ke go bona epe. Moragonyana ka 1948, Robert Broom o ne a supa masalela a ntlha a hominid go tswa mo logageng lwa [[Swartkrans]]. Ka 1954, [[C. K. Brain]] o ne a simolola go bereka kwa mafelong a a neng a le kwa Cradle, go akaretsa le Logaga lwa Cooper. Morago ga moo o ne a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya dingwaga di le masome a mararo kwa logageng lwa Swartkrans, e e neng ya felela ka gore go bonwe setlhopha sa bobedi se segolo sa masalela a hominid go tswa kwa Cradle. Tiriso ya bogologolo e e laolwang ya molelo ke Homo erectus le yone e ne ya ribololwa kwa Swartkrans mme ya kwalwa dingwaga di feta sedikadike tse di fetileng.<ref>Brain, CK; Sillen, A (1988). "Evidence from the Swartkrans Cave for the earliest use of fire". ''Nature''. '''336''' (6198): 464:466. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Natur.336..464B 1988Natur.336..464B]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/336464a0|10.1038/336464a0]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4318364 4318364].</ref><ref>Hilton Barber, Brett; Berger, Lee R (December 2004). ''[http://www.penguinrandomhouse.co.za/book/field-guide-cradle-humankind/9781770070653 Field Guide to the Cradle of Human Kind: Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai and Environs World Heritage Site]'' (First&#x20;ed.). Cape Town: Penguin Random House. p.&#x20;75. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-77007-065-3|978-1-77007-065-3]]</bdi>. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> Ka 1966, [[Phillip Tobias]] o simolotse dipatlisiso tsa gagwe tsa Sterkfontein tse di santseng di tsweletse mme ke dipatlisiso tsa masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng tse di tswelelang ka nako e telele go gaisa mo lefatsheng. Ka 1991, [[Lee Berger]] wa [[Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand]] o ribolotse dikao tsa ntlha tsa hominid gotswa mo lefelong la Gladysvale, go dira gore e nne lefelo la ntlha le le ntsha la hominid la ntlha go ribololwa mo Aforika Borwa mo dingwageng di le masome a mane le boferabobedi. Ka 1994, [[Andre Keyser]] o ne a ribolola masalela a di-hominid kwa lefelong la Drimolen. Ka 1997, Kevin Kuykendall le Colin Menter ba Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand ba fitlhetse meno a mabedi a masalela a batho kwa lefelong la Gondolin. Gape ka 1997, lerapo la ''Australopithecus'' le le batlileng le felela la "[[Little Foot]]", ka nako eo le ne le beilwe dingwaga di ka nna didikadike di le 3.3 tse di fetileng (go bewa ga bosheng go supa gore le gaufi le dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi le sephatlo tse di fetileng), le ne la ribololwa ke [[Ron Clarke]]. Ka 2001, Steve Churchill wa [[Yunibesithi ya Duke]] le Lee Berger ba ne ba fitlhela masalela a batho a bogologolo a segompieno kwa Letsheng la Plovers. Gape ka 2001, masalela a ntlha a hominid le didiriswa tsa matlapa di ne tsa bonwa mo lefelong kwa Logageng lwa Cooper. Ka 2008, Lee Berger o ribolotse masalela a bontlhabongwe a di-hominid tse pedi (''[[Australopithecus sediba]]'') tse di neng di tshela magareng ga dingwaga di le didikadike di le 1.78 le 1.95 tse di fetileng kwa [[Lefelo la Masalela a Malapa|Lefelong la Masalela a Malapa]]. Ka Phalane 2013, Berger o ne a laela moithuta-lefatshe Pedro Boshoff go batlisisa dithulaganyo tsa magaga mo Cradle of Humankind ka boikaelelo jo bo tlhamaletseng jwa go ribolola mafelo a mangwe a masalela a di-hominin. Batho ba ba batlang mo magageng e bong Rick Hunter le Steven Tucker ba ne ba ribolola masalela a batho mo lefelong le le neng le ise le tlhotlhomisiwe pele la Thulaganyo ya Logaga lwa Rising Star-Westminster le le abetsweng leina la lefelo la UW-101. Ka Ngwanatsele 2013, Berger o ne a etelela pele leeto le le kopanetsweng la Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand le Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Thutafatshe go ya kwa Thulaganyong ya Logaga lwa Dinaledi tse di Tlhatlogang gaufi le Swartkrans. Mo dibekeng tse tharo fela tsa go epa, setlhopha sa boditšhabatšhaba sa basadi ba le barataro sa bmaranyane ba ba gatetseng pele ba thuto ya matlapa (K. Lindsay Eaves, Marina Elliott, [[Elen Feuerriegel]], Alia Gurtov, Hannah Morris, le Becca Peixotto), ba tlhophilwe ka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa bone jwa paleoanthropology le jwa go epa mo magageng, mmogo le bonnye jwa bone, ba ne ba bona ditlhopha tsa masalela a a fetang sekete le makgolo a mabedi tsa mofuta wa hominin o o sa itsiweng. Go tloga ka 2015, lefelo leno le ne le sa ntse le le mo thulaganyong ya go bewa letlha. Ka Lwetse 2015, Berger, ka tirisanommogo le National Geographic, o ne a itsise ka go ribololwa ga mofuta o mosha wa losika lwa motho, o o bidiwang ''[[Homo naledi]]'', go tswa kwa UW-101.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160524163630/http://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/newly-discovered-human-ancestor-likely-ritualistically-disposed-its-dead "New Species of Human Discovered in South Africa"]. ''IFLScience''. Archived from [https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/newly-discovered-human-ancestor-likely-ritualistically-disposed-its-dead the original] on 24 May 2016. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref><ref>Photograph Mark Thiessen, National Geographic (10 September 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150910155237/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150910-human-evolution-change/ "This Face Changes the Human Story. But How?"]. ''National Geographic''. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150910-human-evolution-change/ the original] on 10 September 2015.</ref><ref>Berger, Lee R.; Hawks, John; De Ruiter, Darryl J.; Churchill, Steven E.; Schmid, Peter; Delezene, Lucas K.; Kivell, Tracy L.; Garvin, Heather M.; Williams, Scott A.; Desilva, Jeremy M.; Skinner, Matthew M.; Musiba, Charles M.; Cameron, Noel; Holliday, Trenton W.; Harcourt-Smith, William; Ackermann, Rebecca R.; Bastir, Markus; Bogin, Barry; Bolter, Debra; Brophy, Juliet; Cofran, Zachary D.; Congdon, Kimberly A.; Deane, Andrew S.; Dembo, Mana; Drapeau, Michelle; Elliott, Marina C.; Feuerriegel, Elen M.; Garcia-Martinez, Daniel; Green, David J.; et&#x20;al. (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4559886 "Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa"]. ''eLife''. '''4'''. doi:10.7554/eLife.09560. PMC&#x20;4559886. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26354291 26354291].</ref> Babatlisisi bangwe ba akantsha gore ''H. naledi'' e ne ya baya ditopo tsa baswi ba yone ka bomo mo phaposing e e kgakala ya logaga, boitshwaro jo pele go neng go akanngwa gore bo lekanyeditswe go mefuta ya moragonyana ya Homo, le fa seno e le kgang e e tsweletseng ya kganetsano ya barutegi.<ref>Johannesburg, The University of the Witwatersrand. [https://www.wits.ac.za/homonaledi/ "Homo naledi - Wits University"]. ''www.wits.ac.za''.</ref><ref>Dirks, Paul HGM; Berger, Lee R.; Roberts, Eric M.; Kramers, Jan D.; Hawks, John; Randolph-Quinney, Patrick S.; Elliott, Marina; Musiba, Charles M.; Churchill, Steven E.; De Ruiter, Darryl J.; Schmid, Peter; Backwell, Lucinda R.; Belyanin, Georgy A.; Boshoff, Pedro; Hunter, K. Lindsay; Feuerriegel, Elen M.; Gurtov, Alia; Harrison, James du G.; Hunter, Rick; Kruger, Ashley; Morris, Hannah; Makhubela, Tebogo V.; Peixotto, Becca; Tucker, Steven (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4559842 "Geological and taphonomic context for the new hominin species Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa"]. ''eLife''. '''4'''. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.7554/eLife.09561|10.7554/eLife.09561]]. PMC&#x20;4559842. PMID&#x20;26354289.</ref> Mo malatsing a bofelo a Leeto la Dinaledi tse di Tlhatlogang, batlhatlheledi ba dikgaga Rick Hunter le Steven Tucker ba ne ba ribolola dilo tse dingwe tsa masalela a hominid mo karolong e nngwe ya thulaganyo ya dikgaga. Dipatlisiso tsa ntlha mo lefelong leno, le le bidiwang UW-102, di ne di simolotse ka 2013 mme tsa ntsha dilo tse di feletseng tsa masalela a hominid tsa yone. Kamano ya lefelo la 101 le 102 ga e itsiwe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131107202308/http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/tag/rising-star-expedition/ "Rising Star Expedition"]. Archived from [http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/tag/rising-star-expedition/ the original] on 7 November 2013.</ref><ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2013-11-26-scientists-bag-more-than-1000-fossils-at-cradle-treasure-trove "Scientists bag more than 1000 fossils at Cradle 'treasure trove'"].</ref><ref>[http://johnhawks.net/weblog/hawks/travel/johannesburg-update-feb-2014.html "Johannesburg Update"].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Australopithecus africanus - Cast of taung child Face.jpg|left|thumb|232x232px|''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'' (e agilwe sesha)]] [[Setshwantsho:Australopithecus sediba.JPG|thumb|Legata leno ke karolo ya holotype ya ''[[Australopithecus sediba]]'']] == Bokao jwa thutafatshe == Masalela a hominin a a neng a nna masalela a nako kwa Cradle of Humankind a fitlhelwa mo magageng a [[dolomitic]], mme gantsi a phuthetswe mo motswakong wa kalaka le matlakala a mangwe a a bidiwang [[breccia]]. Di-hominid tsa ntlha di ka tswa di ne di tshela mo Aforika yotlhe, fela masalela a tsone a fitlhelwa fela mo mafelong a maemo a neng a letla go bopega le go boloka masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng.<ref>Esterhuysen, Amanda (6 December 2019). "If we are all African, then I am nothing: Hominin evolution and the politics of identity in South Africa". In Porr, Martin; Matthews, Jacqueline M. (eds.). ''Interrogating Human Origins: Decolonisation and the Deep Human Past''. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp.&#x20;279–292. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4324/9780203731659|10.4324/9780203731659]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-203-73165-9|978-0-203-73165-9]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1128062043 1128062043]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242503326 242503326].</ref> == Mafelo a baeng == Ka Sedimonthole a supa 2005, Tautona wa Aforika Borwa [[Thabo Mbeki]] o ne a bula Lefelo le lesha la Baeng la Maropeng mo lefelong leo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201934/http://www.news24.com/News24/Technology/News/0,,2-13-1443_1847397,00.html "Mbeki opens Maropeng centre"]. ''[[:en:News24_(website)|News24]]''. 8 December 2005. Archived from [http://www.news24.com/News24/Technology/News/0,,2-13-1443_1847397,00.html the original] on 30 September 2007. <q>Maropeng, which means 'the place where we come from,' is expected to receive over 500 000 visitors annually, according to the [[:en:Gauteng|Gauteng]] provincial government.</q></ref> Go ya ka maranyane a maropeng.co.za, baeng ba ka bona masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng, ba leba didirisiwa tsa matlapa, le go ithuta ka botsalo jwa batho mo lefelong la baeng. Setsi sa baeng gape se neela baeng leeto la Magaga a [[Sterkfontein]] le dipontsho tse Sterkfontein. Sebopego se se motlhofo, se se tsamayang, sa tshipi se se itsegeng jaaka Beetle se beilwe mo godimo ga lefelo la [[Malapa]], go letla setšhaba se se duelang go leba dikepo, fa di sena go simolola gape kwa lefelong. (Go epa go ntse go emisitswe fa e sale ka 2009, fa masalela a batho ba le bane ba ''[[A. sediba]]'' a ne a tlosiwa.)<ref>Cherry, Michael (2015). [[doi:10.1038/523033a|"Human evolution: The cradle of humankind revisited"]]. ''Nature''. '''523''' (7558): 33. Bibcode:2015Natur.523...33C. doi:10.1038/523033a. ISSN&#x20;1476-4687. S2CID&#x20;4446278.</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a lefatshe mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a bojanala kwa Johannesburg]] [[Karolo:Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a baeng kwa Aforika Borwa]] ninttpelaoj9prbnf160oifnsju7g2n 0 14980 54612 2026-09-08T10:40:32Z Sgadle 12480 Created page with "== '''Tsela e e yang Ntweng ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi''' == [[Setshwantsho:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1969-065-24, Münchener Abkommen, Ankunft Mussolini.jpg|thumb|Hitler le Mussolini]] == '''Matseno''' == Ngwaga wa 1938 e ne e le nako e e botlhokwa thata mo tseleng e e neng ya felela ka Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi. Ka nako eno, Adolf Hitler o ne a tswelela pele ka leano la gagwe la go atolosa naga ya Jeremane le go gwetlha thulaganyo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya morago ga Ntwa ya nt..." 54612 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Tsela e e yang Ntweng ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi''' == [[Setshwantsho:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1969-065-24, Münchener Abkommen, Ankunft Mussolini.jpg|thumb|Hitler le Mussolini]] == '''Matseno''' == Ngwaga wa 1938 e ne e le nako e e botlhokwa thata mo tseleng e e neng ya felela ka Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi. Ka nako eno, Adolf Hitler o ne a tswelela pele ka leano la gagwe la go atolosa naga ya Jeremane le go gwetlha thulaganyo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya morago ga Ntwa ya ntlha ya Lefatshe. Go gapiwa ga Austria, mathata a Sudetenland, le Tumalano ya Munich di ne tsa bontsha go oketsega ga bosetlhogo jwa Jeremane ya baNazi le go palelwa ga mebuso ya Bophirima go bo emisa. Ditiragalo tseno di ne tsa koafatsa tshireletsego ya Yuropa mme tsa dira gore kontinente eno e lebane le ntwa.<ref name=":0">[https://www.cfr.org/education/learn/resource-collections/contemporary-history-world-war/why-did-world-war-ii-happen Why Did World War II Happen? | Contemporary History: World at War]</ref><ref name=":1">[https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/1938-key-dates 1938: Key Dates | Holocaust Encyclopedia]</ref> == '''Anschluss: Go Gapiwa ga Austria''' == [[Setshwantsho:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1972-028-14, Anschluss Österreich.jpg|thumb]] Ka Mopitlwe 1938, Jeremane e ne ya gapa Austria mo tiragalong e e neng e bidiwa Anschluss. Hitler o ne a gatelela baeteledipele ba Austria mme a romela masole a Jeremane mo nageng eo kwantle ga go ganediwa thata. Batho ba le bantsi ba Austria ba ne ba amogela kopano eno, fa Boritane le Fora tsone di ne tsa se ka tsa tsibogela fela go ganediwa ga dipuso. Go gapiwa ga naga eno go ne ga oketsa palo ya baagi ba Jeremane, ga oketsa didirisiwa tsa yone le go oketsa maemo a yone a a botlhokwa mo Yuropa Bogare.<ref name=":2">[https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/german-prewar-expansion German Prewar Expansion | Holocaust Encyclopedia]</ref> == '''Mathata a kwa Sudetenland''' == [[Setshwantsho:Bundesarchiv Bild 121-0018, Sudetenland, Besuch Wilhelm Frick.jpg|thumb]] Fa Hitler a sena go gapa Austria, o ne a tlhoma mogopolo mo kgaolong ya Sudetenland, e e neng e le karolo ya Czechoslovakia e bontsi jwa baagi ba yone e neng e le Bajeremane. O ne a bolela gore Bajeremane ba Sudeten ba ne ba sa tshwarwe sentle mme a batla gore naga eo e neelwe Jeremane. Dikgotlhang di ne tsa oketsega go ralala Yuropa ka gonne batho ba le bantsi ba ne ba boifa gore kgotlhang eno e ne e tla felela ka ntwa e kgolo.<ref>[https://germanhistorydocs.org/en/nazi-germany-1933-1945/the-munich-agreement-september-29-1938 The Munich Agreement (September 29, 1938) | German History in Documents and Images]</ref> == '''Tumelano ya Munich (1938)''' == Ka 29-30 Lwetse, 1938, baeteledipele ba Jeremane, Fora, Boritane le Italy ba ne ba kopana kwa Munich go buisana ka mathata a Sudentenland. Puso ya Czechoslovakia e ne ya se ka ya lalediwa go nna le seabe. Tumalano e e neng ya dirwa kwa Munich e ne ya dira gore Jeremane e kgone go tsaya kgaolo ya Sudetenland fa Hitler a ne a ka solofetsa gore ga a kitla a batla dinaga tse dingwe gape.  Baeteledipele ba le bantsi ba ne ba solofetse gore tumalano eno e ne e tla dira gore go nne le kagiso, mme moragonyana e ne ya nna nngwe ya dikai tse di itsegeng thata tsa go dira kagiso.<ref>[https://www.bundesarchiv.de/themen-entdecken/online-entdecken/dokumente-zur-zeitgeschichte/muenchener-abkommen/ Münchener Abkommen - Bundesarchiv]</ref><ref name=":1" /> == '''Go Maatlafadiwa ga Mokgatlho wa Nazi''' == Katlego ya Auschluss le Tumalano ya Munich e ne ya dira gore Hitler a itshepe. Jeremane e ne ya tswelela pele e nonotsha sesole sa yone le go latela melao ya go atolosa naga. Go tlhoka kganetso e e nonofileng go tswa kwa Boritane le Fora go ne ga tlhatswa Hitler pelo gore dipuso tsa temokerasi tsa Bophirima di ne di sa ikaelela go tsenya ntwa mo kotsing gore di mo thibele.<ref name=":3">[https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205193836 ANSCHLUSS WITH AUSTRIA, MARCH 1938 | Imperial War Museums]</ref> == '''"Kristallnacht"''' == [[Setshwantsho:Börnerplatz synagogue burning - Kristallnacht 1938-11-10.png|thumb|'''Go fisiwa ga sinagoge ya Börnerplatz''']] Ka Ngwanatsele 1938, puso ya e ne ya dira "Kristallnacht", e gape e itsegeng e le "Bosigo jwa Galase e e Thubegileng.". Dikgwebo tsa Bajuda, magae le disinagoge di ne tsa tlhaselwa le go senngwa go ralala Jeremane le Austria. Diketekete tsa Bajuda di ne tsa tshwarwa, mme tiragalo eno e ne ya bontsha kafa Bajuda ba neng ba bogisiwa ka teng ke puso ya Nazi. "Kristallnacht" e ne ya tshosa batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba lebile mo lefatsheng lotlhe mme ya bontsha bosetlhogo jwa puso ya Nazi.<ref name=":2" /> == '''Ditsibogo tsa Boditšhabatšhaba''' == Le fa gone dipuso di le dintsi di ne tsa bontsha gore di tshwenyegile ka se Jeremane e se dirang, ke di le mmalwa fela tse di neng di iketleeditse go tsaya dikgato tse di gagametseng. Leano la go leka go dira gore go nne le kagiso le ne la tswelela le ratiwa thata kwa Boritane le kwa Fora ka gonne baeteledipele ba ne ba solofetse go tila ntwa e nngwe e kgolo kwa Yuropa. Le fa go ntse jalo, Jeremane e ne ya tsaya go sa batle go dira jalo e le letshwao la bokoa, e leng se se neng se kgothaletsa ntwa e e oketsegileng.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zwnbwsg In 1932, the Irish Free State and Britain began what's known as the Economic War. This had far-reaching consequences for them and Northern Ireland (CCEA). - BBC Bitesize]</ref><ref name=":0" /> == '''Konelo''' == Ditiragalo tsa 1938 di ne tsa dira gore go bonale sentle gore ntwa ya bobedi ya lefatshe e ka nna ya runya. Go gapiwa ga Austria, mathata a kwa dikgaolong tsa Sudetenland, Tumalano ya kwa Munich le "Kristallnacht" tsotlhe di ne tsa bontsha maatla a a golang a Jeremane ya Nazi. Ka nako eno, go palelwa ga dinaga tsa boditšhabatšhaba go gwetlha kgolo ya ga Jeremane go ne ga koafatsa tsholofelo ya kagiso. Kwa bokhutlong jwa 1938, Yuropa e ne e setse e le gaufi le ntwa e e neng e tla simologa mo ngwageng o o latelang.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> == '''Lenaane la Tshupiso''' == <references /> k6yyqa791l34wwqu5nzj71jfg2odzqt 54613 54612 2026-09-08T10:41:56Z Sgadle 12480 54613 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Tsela e e yang Ntweng ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi''' == [[Setshwantsho:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1969-065-24, Münchener Abkommen, Ankunft Mussolini.jpg|thumb|Hitler le Mussolini]] == '''Matseno''' == Ngwaga wa 1938 e ne e le nako e e botlhokwa thata mo tseleng e e neng ya felela ka Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi. Ka nako eno, Adolf Hitler o ne a tswelela pele ka leano la gagwe la go atolosa naga ya Jeremane le go gwetlha thulaganyo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya morago ga Ntwa ya ntlha ya Lefatshe. Go gapiwa ga Austria, mathata a Sudetenland, le Tumalano ya Munich di ne tsa bontsha go oketsega ga bosetlhogo jwa Jeremane ya baNazi le go palelwa ga mebuso ya Bophirima go bo emisa. Ditiragalo tseno di ne tsa koafatsa tshireletsego ya Yuropa mme tsa dira gore kontinente eno e lebane le ntwa.<ref name=":0">[https://www.cfr.org/education/learn/resource-collections/contemporary-history-world-war/why-did-world-war-ii-happen Why Did World War II Happen? | Contemporary History: World at War]</ref><ref name=":1">[https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/1938-key-dates 1938: Key Dates | Holocaust Encyclopedia]</ref> == '''Anschluss: Go Gapiwa ga Austria''' == [[Setshwantsho:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1972-028-14, Anschluss Österreich.jpg|thumb]] Ka Mopitlwe 1938, Jeremane e ne ya gapa Austria mo tiragalong e e neng e bidiwa Anschluss. Hitler o ne a gatelela baeteledipele ba Austria mme a romela masole a Jeremane mo nageng eo kwantle ga go ganediwa thata. Batho ba le bantsi ba Austria ba ne ba amogela kopano eno, fa Boritane le Fora tsone di ne tsa se ka tsa tsibogela fela go ganediwa ga dipuso. Go gapiwa ga naga eno go ne ga oketsa palo ya baagi ba Jeremane, ga oketsa didirisiwa tsa yone le go oketsa maemo a yone a a botlhokwa mo Yuropa Bogare.<ref name=":2">[https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/german-prewar-expansion German Prewar Expansion | Holocaust Encyclopedia]</ref> == '''Mathata a kwa Sudetenland''' == [[Setshwantsho:Bundesarchiv Bild 121-0018, Sudetenland, Besuch Wilhelm Frick.jpg|thumb]] Fa Hitler a sena go gapa Austria, o ne a tlhoma mogopolo mo kgaolong ya Sudetenland, e e neng e le karolo ya Czechoslovakia e bontsi jwa baagi ba yone e neng e le Bajeremane. O ne a bolela gore Bajeremane ba Sudeten ba ne ba sa tshwarwe sentle mme a batla gore naga eo e neelwe Jeremane. Dikgotlhang di ne tsa oketsega go ralala Yuropa ka gonne batho ba le bantsi ba ne ba boifa gore kgotlhang eno e ne e tla felela ka ntwa e kgolo.<ref>[https://germanhistorydocs.org/en/nazi-germany-1933-1945/the-munich-agreement-september-29-1938 The Munich Agreement (September 29, 1938) | German History in Documents and Images]</ref> == '''Tumelano ya Munich (1938)''' == Ka 29-30 Lwetse, 1938, baeteledipele ba Jeremane, Fora, Boritane le Italy ba ne ba kopana kwa Munich go buisana ka mathata a Sudentenland. Puso ya Czechoslovakia e ne ya se ka ya lalediwa go nna le seabe. Tumalano e e neng ya dirwa kwa Munich e ne ya dira gore Jeremane e kgone go tsaya kgaolo ya Sudetenland fa Hitler a ne a ka solofetsa gore ga a kitla a batla dinaga tse dingwe gape.  Baeteledipele ba le bantsi ba ne ba solofetse gore tumalano eno e ne e tla dira gore go nne le kagiso, mme moragonyana e ne ya nna nngwe ya dikai tse di itsegeng thata tsa go dira kagiso.<ref>[https://www.bundesarchiv.de/themen-entdecken/online-entdecken/dokumente-zur-zeitgeschichte/muenchener-abkommen/ Münchener Abkommen - Bundesarchiv]</ref><ref name=":1" /> == '''Go Maatlafadiwa ga Mokgatlho wa Nazi''' == Katlego ya Auschluss le Tumalano ya Munich e ne ya dira gore Hitler a itshepe. Jeremane e ne ya tswelela pele e nonotsha sesole sa yone le go latela melao ya go atolosa naga. Go tlhoka kganetso e e nonofileng go tswa kwa Boritane le Fora go ne ga tlhatswa Hitler pelo gore dipuso tsa temokerasi tsa Bophirima di ne di sa ikaelela go tsenya ntwa mo kotsing gore di mo thibele.<ref name=":3">[https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205193836 ANSCHLUSS WITH AUSTRIA, MARCH 1938 | Imperial War Museums]</ref> == '''"Kristallnacht"''' == [[Setshwantsho:Börnerplatz synagogue burning - Kristallnacht 1938-11-10.png|thumb|'''Go fisiwa ga sinagoge ya Börnerplatz''']] Ka Ngwanaitseele 1938, puso ya e ne ya dira "Kristallnacht", e gape e itsegeng e le "Bosigo jwa Galase e e Thubegileng.". Dikgwebo tsa Bajuda, magae le disinagoge di ne tsa tlhaselwa le go senngwa go ralala Jeremane le Austria. Diketekete tsa Bajuda di ne tsa tshwarwa, mme tiragalo eno e ne ya bontsha kafa Bajuda ba neng ba bogisiwa ka teng ke puso ya Nazi. "Kristallnacht" e ne ya tshosa batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba lebile mo lefatsheng lotlhe mme ya bontsha bosetlhogo jwa puso ya Nazi.<ref name=":2" /> == '''Ditsibogo tsa Boditšhabatšhaba''' == Le fa gone dipuso di le dintsi di ne tsa bontsha gore di tshwenyegile ka se Jeremane e se dirang, ke di le mmalwa fela tse di neng di iketleeditse go tsaya dikgato tse di gagametseng. Leano la go leka go dira gore go nne le kagiso le ne la tswelela le ratiwa thata kwa Boritane le kwa Fora ka gonne baeteledipele ba ne ba solofetse go tila ntwa e nngwe e kgolo kwa Yuropa. Le fa go ntse jalo, Jeremane e ne ya tsaya go sa batle go dira jalo e le letshwao la bokoa, e leng se se neng se kgothaletsa ntwa e e oketsegileng.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zwnbwsg In 1932, the Irish Free State and Britain began what's known as the Economic War. This had far-reaching consequences for them and Northern Ireland (CCEA). - BBC Bitesize]</ref><ref name=":0" /> == '''Konelo''' == Ditiragalo tsa 1938 di ne tsa dira gore go bonale sentle gore ntwa ya bobedi ya lefatshe e ka nna ya runya. Go gapiwa ga Austria, mathata a kwa dikgaolong tsa Sudetenland, Tumalano ya kwa Munich le "Kristallnacht" tsotlhe di ne tsa bontsha maatla a a golang a Jeremane ya Nazi. Ka nako eno, go palelwa ga dinaga tsa boditšhabatšhaba go gwetlha kgolo ya ga Jeremane go ne ga koafatsa tsholofelo ya kagiso. Kwa bokhutlong jwa 1938, Yuropa e ne e setse e le gaufi le ntwa e e neng e tla simologa mo ngwageng o o latelang.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> == '''Lenaane la Tshupiso''' == <references /> pcmvk2yqw95z8hdh5mmi3j2klkx452s 0 14981 54619 2026-09-08T11:52:36Z Sgadle 12480 Created page with "== '''Tsela e e yang Ntweng ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi(1939)''' == == '''Matseno''' == Ngwaga wa 1939 e ne e le wa bofelo e bile e le wa botlhokwa thata mo tseleng e e neng ya felela ka Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe. Ka nako eno, Jeremane ya ga Adolf Hitler e ne e setse e le bogale thata mme e ne e gwetlha ka tlhamalalo tsamaiso ya boditšhabatšhaba e e neng e tlhomilwe morago ga Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe. Go gapiwa ga Czechoslovakia, go tlhaselwa ga Albania ke Italy, kgotlha..." 54619 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Tsela e e yang Ntweng ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi(1939)''' == == '''Matseno''' == Ngwaga wa 1939 e ne e le wa bofelo e bile e le wa botlhokwa thata mo tseleng e e neng ya felela ka Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe. Ka nako eno, Jeremane ya ga Adolf Hitler e ne e setse e le bogale thata mme e ne e gwetlha ka tlhamalalo tsamaiso ya boditšhabatšhaba e e neng e tlhomilwe morago ga Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe. Go gapiwa ga Czechoslovakia, go tlhaselwa ga Albania ke Italy, kgotlhang e e ntseng e gola fa gare ga Jeremane le Poland, le go saeniwa ga Tumalano ya Molotov-Ribbentrop e ne e le ditiragalo tsa botlhokwa tse di neng tsa dira gore Yuropa e nne gaufi le ntwa. Go tlhaselwa ga Poland ka Lwetse,1939, go ne ga dira gore Boritane le Fora di bolele gore di lwa le Jeremane.<ref name=":0">[https://www.cfr.org/education/learn/reading/why-did-world-war-ii-happen Why Did WWII Happen? | CFR Education]</ref><ref name=":1">[https://germanhistorydocs.org/en/nazi-germany-1933-1945 Nazi Germany (1933–1945) | German History in Documents and Images]</ref> == '''Jeremane e Gapa Czechoslovakia''' == Nngwe ya ditiragalo tse di botlhokwa thata tsa 1939 e ne ya diragala ka March, fa Jeremane e ne e gapa dinaga tse di setseng tsa Czech. Ka 15 Mopitlwe, 1939, masole a Jeremane a ne a tsena kwa Prague mme a laola Bohemia le Moravia. Seno se ne se le botlhokwa ka gonne Hitler o ne a kile a bolela gore se a neng a se batla ka naga ya gagwe e ne e le go kopanya batho ba ba buang Sejeremane. Go gapiwa ga naga go ne ga bontsha gore maikaelelo a gagwe a go batla go atolosa naga a ne a feta mafelo a a neng a dumalanwe ka one kwa Kopanong ya Munich ka 1938.<ref name=":0" /> Go gapiwa ga Czechoslovakia le gone go ne ga fetola boikutlo jwa Boritane le Fora. Leano la bone la go leka go dira gore batho ba se ka ba nna kgatlhanong le bone le ne le paletswe ke go thibela Hitler go atolosa naga ya Jeremane. Ka ntlha ya seo, Boritane le Fora di ne tsa ikemetseng go ganetsa tlhaselo e nngwe ya Jeremane mme tsa simolola go ipaakanyetsa go ema nokeng dinaga tse di neng di ka nna tsa tshosediwa ke Jeremane.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/german-prewar-expansion</ref> == '''Boritane le Fora di Tlhomamisetsa Poland''' == Fa Jeremane e sena go gapa Czechoslovakia, Boritane le Fora di ne tsa simolola go tshwenyega thata ka gore Poland e ne e tla nna yone tlhaselo e e latelang ya ga Hitler. Ka 31Mopitlwe 1939, Boritane e ne ya itsise gore e tla tshegetsa Poland fa e ne e ka tshosediwa gore ga e tlhole e ikemetse ka nosi.  Fora le yone e ne ya ema Poland nokeng. Tsholofetso eno e ne e le phetogo e e botlhokwa thata mo pholising ya dinaga di sele ya Boritane ka gonne jaanong Boritane e ne e ikemiseditse go feta pele go lwantsha go oketsega ga Jeremane.<ref name=":2">https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/second-world-war/causes</ref> Hitler o ne a kgatlhegela thata Motse o o Gololesegileng wa Danzig le Polish Corridor, e e neng e kgaoganya Jeremane le Prussia Botlhaba. Puso ya Poland e ne ya gana dilo tse Jeremane e neng e di batla ka gonne e ne e boifa gore go ineela go ne go tla tsenya kgololesego ya Poland mo kotsing. Ka jalo, dikgotlhang fa gare ga Jeremane le Poland di ne tsa tswelela di ntse di oketsega ka 1939.<ref name=":2" /> == '''Italy e Tlhasela Albenia''' == Ka 7 Moranang, 1939, puso ya Bo-Fascist ya Italy e eteletswe pele ke Benito Mussolini e ne ya tlhasela Albania. Masole a Italy a ne a tsena ka bonako mo nageng eo, mme Kgosi Zog wa ntlha o ne a patelesega go tsamaya. Morago ga moo, Albania e ne ya laolwa ke Italy. Tlhaselo eno e ne ya bontsha gore go atolosiwa ga naga go ne go sa felele fela kwa Jeremane ya Nazi le gore Italy ya Bo-Fascist le yone e ne e na le maano a a bogale a go tlhasela dinaga di sele .<ref name=":3">https://www.nam.ac.uk/</ref> Tlhaselo eno e ne ya oketsa matshwenyego kwa Boritane le Fora ka tlhotlheletso e e neng e ntse e gola ya Jeremane le Italy. Gape e ne ya nonotsha tumelo ya gore mebuso ya Yuropa e ne e tlhoka go tsaya dikgato tse di gagametseng kgatlhanong le go tlhaselwa gape.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">https://www.cfr.org/education/learn/resource-collections/contemporary-history-world-war/why-did-world-war-ii-happen</ref> == '''Tumalano ya Tshipi''' == [[Setshwantsho:Patto-acciaio.jpg|thumb|Go saeniwa ga Tumalano ya Tshipi ka Motsheganong 22, 1939 kwa Berlin.]] Ka 22 Motsheganong, 1939, Jeremane le Italy ba ne ba saena Tumalano ya Tshipi. Tumalano eno e ne ya nonotsha tirisanommogo ya sepolotiki le ya sesole fa gare ga dinaga tseno tse pedi. E ne e bontsha gore Jeremane le Italy di ne di atamalana thata le gore di ne di ikaeletse go thusana fa go ka nna le ntwa e kgolo.<ref name=":5">https://germanhistorydocs.org/en/nazi-germany-1933-1945/the-pact-of-steel-the-signing-of-the-german-italian-military-alliance-in-the-new-reich-chancellery-may-22-1939</ref> Tumalano eno e ne ya dira gore Boritane le Fora di tlhobaele thata ka gonne Jeremane e ne e sa itlhaola. Hitler o ne a ka kgona go ikaega ka Italy jaaka molekane wa gagwe wa botlhokwa fa ntwa ya Yuropa e ne e ka simolola.<ref name=":5" /> == '''Tumalano ya ga Molotov le Ribbentrop''' == [[Setshwantsho:Adolf Hitler - Molotov-Ribbentrop pact at Berghof - 1939 (242-EB-6-40D).jpg|thumb|'''Adolf Hitler ka di 23 tsa Phatwe 1939 a emetse fela gore Tumalano ya Molotov-Ribbentrop e saeniwe kwa Moscow''']] Nngwe ya dilo tse di botlhokwa thata tse di neng tsa diragala ka tsa dipolotiki e ne ya diragala ka 23 Phatwe, 1939, fa Jeremane le Soviet Union ba ne ba saena Tumalano ya Molotov-Ribbentrop. Tumalano eno e ne ya tewa ka ditona tsa dinaga tse pedi tseno, e bong Vyacheslav Molotov le Joachim von Ribbentrop. Mo bathong, tumalano eno e ne e le tumalano ya go se tlhaselane eo mo go yone Jeremane le Soviet Union ba neng ba solofetsa gore ba ka se ka ba tlhaselana.<ref name=":6">https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/german-soviet-pact</ref> Tumalano eno gape e ne e na le molawana wa sephiri o o neng o kgaoganya dikarolo tsa Yuropa Botlhaba gore e nne dinaga tse di laolwang ke Jeremane le Soviet. Poland e ne ya akarediwa mo dithulaganyong tseno. Tumalano eno e ne e le botlhokwa thata ka gonne e ne e dira gore go se ka ga nna le kgonagalo ya gore Jeremane e lwe le Soviet Union fa e ntse e tlhasela Poland. Seno se ne sa naya Hitler kgololesego e kgolwane ya go tswelela pele ka dithulaganyo tsa gagwe kgatlhanong le Poland.<ref name=":6" /> == '''Mathata a Bofelo le Poland''' == Ka Moranag, 1939, Jeremane e ne ya tswelela pele e gatelela Poland. Hitler o ne a batla gore go dirwe diphetogo go lebana le Danzig le go tsena ga Jeremane mo nageng ya Poland. Poland e ne ya gana go amogela dilo tse di neng di ka tsenya kgololesego ya yone mo kotsing. Boritane le Fora di ne tsa tswelela pele di tshegetsa Poland mme tsa tlhalosa sentle gore go tlhasela ga Jeremane go ne go ka felela ka ntwa.<ref name=":1" /> Maemo a ne a nna maswe le go feta fa Jeremane le Soviet Union di sena go saena Tumalano ya Molotov-Ribbentrop. Hitler jaanong o ne a dumela gore Jeremane e ne e ka tlhasela Poland kwantle ga go lebana le tlhaselo ya Soviet go tswa kwa botlhaba. Ka jalo tumalano eno e ne ya nna le seabe se se botlhokwa mo tshwetsong ya ga Hitler ya go tlhasela.<ref name=":3" /> == '''Jeremane e Tlhasela Poland''' == [[Setshwantsho:The German-soviet Invasion of Poland, 1939 HU106378.jpg|thumb|'''Masole a Ba-Poland, ba ba neng ba tshaba kwa Poland e e neng e gapilwe ke Ba-Nazi le Ba-Soviet, ba ne ba ja sopo e e tswang mo dijong tsa masole a Hungary kwa seteisheneng sa terena sa Budapest.''']] Ka 1 Lwetse, 1939, masole a Jeremane a ne a tlhasela Poland. Puso ya Jeremane e ne ya dirisa ditatofatso tsa go tlhaselwa ke Poland go buelela tlhaselo eo, go akaretsa le ditiragalo tse di neng di rulagantswe go dira gore go lebege e kete Bajeremane ba ne ba tsibogela ditlhaselo tsa Poland. Lefa go ntse jalo, Jeremane e ne e setse e ipaakanyeditse go tlhasela Poland ka sesole.<ref name=":0" /> Tlhaselo eno e ne ya simolola Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe kwa Yoropa. Boritane le Fora di ne tsa solofatsa go ema Poland nokeng, mme fa Jeremane e gana go ntsha masole a yone, dinaga tseno ka bobedidi ne tsa bolela gore di lwa le Jeremaneka di  3 Lwetse, 1939. Ntwa e e neng e ntse e tlhabologa go ralala dingwaga tsa bo 1930 e ne e feleletsa e fetogile Ntwa e Kgolo ya Yuropa.<ref name=":4" /> == '''Konelo''' == Ditiragalo tsa 1939 di ne tsa bontsha kafa dipolotiki tsa Yuropa di paletsweng ka teng ke go thibela ntwa e nngwe e kgolo. Go gapa ga Jeremane Czechoslovakia go ne ga bontsha gore dikeletso tsa ga Hitler tsa go nna le naga di ne di atologile go feta se se neng se batliwa kwa Munich. Tsholofetso e Boritane le Fora di neng tsa e naya Poland e ne e bontsha gore di ikemiseditse go nna le boemo jo bo nonofileng kgatlhanong le tlhaselo ya Jeremane. Go tlhasela Albania ga Italy le Tumalano ya Tshipi go ne ga nonotsha tirisanommogo magareng ga mebuso ya Axis, fa Tumalano ya Molotov-Ribbentrop e ne e tlosa sekgoreletsi se segolo mo maanong a ga Hitler tsa go tlhasela Poland.<ref name=":0" /> Go tlhaselwa ga Poland ke Jeremane ka di 1 Lwetse, 1939 go ne ga dira gore Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe e simolole kwa Yuropa. Boritane le Fora di ne tsa bolela fa di lwa le Jeremane malatsi a le mabedi moragonyana. Morago ga dingwagatsa go nna le dikgotlhangtsa sepolotiki, go atolosiwa ga dinaga, go dirwa ga sesolo sesha le maiteko a a paletsweng a go boloka kagiso, Yuropa e ne ya tsena mo Ntweng e nngwe e kgolo.<ref>https://www.cfr.org/education/learn/resource-collections/contemporary-history-world-war/why-did-world-war-ii-happen</ref> == '''Lenaane la Tshupiso''' == <references /> khz4uj5vcpvkse34fjesp0w3x49eyp6