Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.19 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Setampa 0 8810 54713 31807 2026-09-09T18:51:48Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54713 wikitext text/x-wiki Setampa ke dijo tse di dirwang ka dithoro tsa mmidi tse di omisitsweng tse di segilweng go fitlha di robega, mme e seng jaaka boupi jwa paleche kgotsa rice. Dithoro tsa mmidi tsa setampa di nale sefatlhego se se dikologileng thoro se a phuthologa mme se a ntshiwa ka nako ya go betsa le go gatisa. E jewa go ralala Aforika Borwa ke batho ba Lozi le Tonga ba Zambia . Gape e ka jewa le dinatisa dijo le dilo tse di farologaneng tse di tsentsweng. E apewa ka dinawa ka mofuta wa Xhosa wa umngqusho mme ka dinako tse dingwe e jewa le chakalaka. Gape e ka jewa le nama ya kgomo, ya nku, ya koko le ka dijo tse di apeilweng. he3nkvi1r9iaofiphg4psfxs77alebw Modirisi:Tayo ricci 2 12756 54684 54343 2026-09-09T12:30:32Z Tayo ricci 12499 hhj 54684 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Tayo Ricci. [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] [[Draft 2]] rm9hwngsscty2x5p5os9pkqfcl5cscq 54685 54684 2026-09-09T12:31:28Z Tayo ricci 12499 hfyguyg 54685 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Tayo Ricci. [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] [[Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] [[Draft 2]] ewnizw6bz382jicrq79pqjea0jwdkpc 54686 54685 2026-09-09T12:33:50Z Tayo ricci 12499 tygyfg 54686 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Tayo Ricci. [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] [[Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] tg6ry3tcxykwl5f2x5xr4lsrzs5q9gi Dijo tsa setso 0 14958 54710 54514 2026-09-09T18:50:39Z Reagoleboga 10854 54710 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Samp_Meal.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Samp_Meal.jpg|thumb|Dinawa tsa setampa]] == Dijo Tsa Setso == [[File:Tripe_Botswana.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tripe_Botswana.jpg|thumb|Mogodu]] Dijo tsa setso tsa Aforika Borwa di bontsha dijo tse di farologaneng le hisitori ya naga ya rona . Ditshaba tse di farologaneng di na le dijo tsa tsona tsa setso ,tse bontsi jwa tsona di santseng di itumelwa kwa dikokoanong tsa malapa , kwa meletlong le kwa ditiragalong tsa setso <ref>{{Cite web |title=Everything you need to know to travel to South Africa (US) |url=https://www.southafrica.net/us/en/ |access-date=2026-09-04 |website=www.southafrica.net}}</ref> Dijo tse di tumileng tsa setso di akaretsa bogobe,sejo se se dirilweng ka mmidi se gantsi gantsi se ka jewa ka nama kgotsa merogo . Chakalaka, e leng monate , e diriwa ka dinawa le maungo a a farologaneng, le yona gantsi e jewa ka bogobe le nama. Chakala gantsi e ratiwa ka di "braai". Mo bathong wa morafe wa ba Xhosa, umngqosho , e e dirilweng ka setampa le di nawa , ke sejo se se itsegeng thata itsegeng thta sa setso . Ba Tswana, baPedi le Basotho bo na ba itsege ka go rata mogodu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-09-02 |title=Home Page {{!}} South African History Online |url=https://sahistory.org.za/node/144647 |access-date=2026-09-04 |website=sahistory.org.za |language=en}}</ref> Dijo tse dingwe tse di itsegeng thata di akaretsa bobotie, eleng sejo sa nama e e sitsweng e e tsentsweng dinatetshi e e nang le mae , le biltong , e e dirwang ka go fodisa le go omisa nama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Everything you need to know to travel to South Africa (US) |url=https://www.southafrica.net/us/en/ |access-date=2026-09-04 |website=www.southafrica.net}}</ref>Dijo tsena di fetogile dikaralo tsa botlhokwa tsa setso sa Aforika Borwa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-09-04 |title=South Africa - Diversity, Wildlife, Cuisine {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa/Cultural-life |access-date=2026-09-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Dijo tsa setso di tswelela go nna le seabe se se botlhokwa mo setshabeng sa Aforika Borwa ka go somarela dingwao tsa setso le go kopanya malapa le baagi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-09-02 |title=Home Page {{!}} South African History Online |url=https://sahistory.org.za/node/144647 |access-date=2026-09-04 |website=sahistory.org.za |language=en}}</ref><!--EDIT BELOW THIS LINE--> == References == <references /> [[Category: Dijo tsa Setso]] [[Category: Dinawa]] 78dyy0tts18kasmwhxbry6r8ml1ba9m 54711 54710 2026-09-09T18:50:54Z Reagoleboga 10854 54711 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Samp_Meal.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Samp_Meal.jpg|thumb|Dinawa tsa setampa]] == Dijo Tsa Setso == [[File:Tripe_Botswana.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tripe_Botswana.jpg|thumb|Mogodu]] Dijo tsa setso tsa Aforika Borwa di bontsha dijo tse di farologaneng le hisitori ya naga ya rona . Ditshaba tse di farologaneng di na le dijo tsa tsona tsa setso ,tse bontsi jwa tsona di santseng di itumelwa kwa dikokoanong tsa malapa , kwa meletlong le kwa ditiragalong tsa setso <ref>{{Cite web |title=Everything you need to know to travel to South Africa (US) |url=https://www.southafrica.net/us/en/ |access-date=2026-09-04 |website=www.southafrica.net}}</ref> Dijo tse di tumileng tsa setso di akaretsa bogobe,sejo se se dirilweng ka mmidi se gantsi gantsi se ka jewa ka nama kgotsa merogo . Chakalaka, e leng monate , e diriwa ka dinawa le maungo a a farologaneng, le yona gantsi e jewa ka bogobe le nama. Chakala gantsi e ratiwa ka di "braai". Mo bathong wa morafe wa ba Xhosa, umngqosho , e e dirilweng ka setampa le di nawa , ke sejo se se itsegeng thata itsegeng thta sa setso . Ba Tswana, baPedi le Basotho bo na ba itsege ka go rata mogodu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-09-02 |title=Home Page {{!}} South African History Online |url=https://sahistory.org.za/node/144647 |access-date=2026-09-04 |website=sahistory.org.za |language=en}}</ref> Dijo tse dingwe tse di itsegeng thata di akaretsa bobotie, eleng sejo sa nama e e sitsweng e e tsentsweng dinatetshi e e nang le mae , le biltong , e e dirwang ka go fodisa le go omisa nama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Everything you need to know to travel to South Africa (US) |url=https://www.southafrica.net/us/en/ |access-date=2026-09-04 |website=www.southafrica.net}}</ref>Dijo tsena di fetogile dikaralo tsa botlhokwa tsa setso sa Aforika Borwa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-09-04 |title=South Africa - Diversity, Wildlife, Cuisine {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa/Cultural-life |access-date=2026-09-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Dijo tsa setso di tswelela go nna le seabe se se botlhokwa mo setshabeng sa Aforika Borwa ka go somarela dingwao tsa setso le go kopanya malapa le baagi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-09-02 |title=Home Page {{!}} South African History Online |url=https://sahistory.org.za/node/144647 |access-date=2026-09-04 |website=sahistory.org.za |language=en}}</ref><!--EDIT BELOW THIS LINE--> == References == [[Category: Dijo tsa Setso]] [[Category: Dinawa]] 30cvzwbzl39jsrgvikdd9csfu4j1qxb SeShweshwe 0 14994 54697 54677 2026-09-09T18:29:12Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54697 wikitext text/x-wiki === '''seShweshwe''' === ==== Tshimologo le hisetori ==== Tshimologo le hisetori ya letsela le le itsegeng thata la shweshwe. Shweshwe ke letsela la khothone le le mebalabala le le gatisitsweng le le amanang thata le feshene le setso sa Aforika Borwa. E itsege ka dipopego tsa yone tse di tlhomologileng, tsela e e dirilweng ka yone le mebala ya yone e e farologaneng. Gantsi letsela leno le dirisediwa go dira diaparo tsa setso le tsa segompieno. Le fa hisetori ya matsela a a gatisitsweng a indigo mo Borwa jwa Aforika e golagane le kgwebo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya matsela, shweshwe e ne ya nna le boitshupo jo bo nonofileng mo Aforika Borwa. Fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, ditšhaba tse di farologaneng di ne tsa amogela le go tsenya letsela leno mo dingwaong tsa bone tsa go apara. ==== Kafa dipopego le mebala ya Shweshwe e ileng ya nna karolo ya feshene ya Seaforika ka teng ==== Sengwe sa dilo tse di tlhomologileng ka shweshwe ke tsela e e dirilweng ka yone. Mekgwa e e tlwaelegileng ya go taka gantsi e na le dipopego tse dinnye tse di boaboeletswang, dithunya, dipopego tsa geometry le dipopego tse dingwe tsa go kgabisa. Matsela ano a ka bonwa ka mebala e mentsi, e e akaretsang mmala o o pududu, o o borokwa, o mohibidu, o o botala le o o serolwana. Mekgwa eno e dira gore diaparo tsa shweshwe di lebege di le dintle e bile di tlhomologile. Gape batlhami ba bone ditsela tsa go kopanya mekgabiso ya bogologolo le ya segompieno, ba dira gore letsela leno le aparwe ke batho ba dingwaga tse di farologaneng le ka dinako tse di farologaneng. Diaparo tsa setso tse di dirilweng ka letsela la shweshwe tse di dirisediwang ditiragalo tse di farologaneng Shweshwe e ka dirisiwa go dira mefuta e le mentsi ya diaparo. Diaparo tsa setso le marokgwe a a dirilweng ka letsela leno gantsi di aparwa ka nako ya meletlo, manyalo, ditiragalo tsa setso le dikokoano tse dingwe tse di botlhokwa. Banna le bone ba ka apara diaparo tse di dirilweng ka shweshwe. Mokgwa wa go apara o ka nna wa farologana go ikaegile ka setšhaba, tiragalo le se motho a se ratang. Batlhami ba segompieno ba atolositse tiriso ya shweshwe ka go dira dibaki, disutu, dilwana tsa go ikgabisa le diaparo tsa segompieno. ==== Botlhokwa jwa shweshwe mo meletlong ==== Botlhokwa jwa shweshwe mo meletlong,mo go supeng gore ke mang le mo go bontsheng setso sa bone Diaparo di ka bontsha gore motho ke wa setso sefe, mme shweshwe e setse e le karolo ya botlhokwa ya tsela eno ya go bua. Go apara diaparo tsa setso kgotsa tse di tlhotlheleditsweng ke setso go ka dira gore motho a ikutlwe a le motlotlo e bile a amana le boswa jwa gagwe. Shweshwe gape e ratiwa thata mo meletlong e e kgethegileng ka gonne mebala ya yone e e phatsimang le dipopego tsa yone di dira gore go nne le ditshwantsho tse di kgatlhang tsa moletlo. Malapa a ka tlhopha diaparo tse di tshwanang kgotsa tse di tsamaisanang fa go na le manyalo, dikokoano tsa setso le ditiragalo tse dingwe. ==== Kafa batlhami ba segompieno ba tswelelang go naya Shweshwe bokao ==== Gompieno, shweshwe e sa ntse e dirisiwa ka tsela ya bogologolo le ya segompieno. Batlhami ba dirisa letsela leno ka tsela e e tlhamang mme ba sa le tlogele le na le dipopego tse di sa tshwaneng le tsa setso. Seno se letla shweshwe go nna e ntse e le botlhokwa fa e ntse e golaganya feshene ya segompieno le ngwao-boswa ya Seaforika. Shweshwe ga se fela letsela le le mebalabala. E setse e le karolo e e botlhokwa ya feshene ya Aforika Borwa le go tlhalosa setso. Mekgwa ya yone, mebala ya yone le ditlwaelo tsa yone tsa go e dirisa di bontsha gore batho ba Aforika ba na le bokgoni jwa go tlhama dilo, mme tsela e e tumileng ka yone e bontsha kafa dingwao tsa setso di ka fetogang ka teng gore di tsamaisane le botshelo jwa segompieno. 4vmtozgciaqz0fke1zftp3phwerk5ui 54698 54697 2026-09-09T18:32:07Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54698 wikitext text/x-wiki === '''seShweshwe''' === ==== Tshimologo le hisetori ==== Tshimologo le hisetori ya letsela le le itsegeng thata la shweshwe. Shweshwe ke letsela la khothone le le mebalabala le le gatisitsweng le le amanang thata le feshene le setso sa Aforika Borwa. E itsege ka dipopego tsa yone tse di tlhomologileng, tsela e e dirilweng ka yone le mebala ya yone e e farologaneng. Gantsi letsela leno le dirisediwa go dira diaparo tsa setso le tsa segompieno. Le fa hisetori ya matsela a a gatisitsweng a indigo mo Borwa jwa Aforika e golagane le kgwebo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya matsela, shweshwe e ne ya nna le boitshupo jo bo nonofileng mo Aforika Borwa. Fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, ditšhaba tse di farologaneng di ne tsa amogela le go tsenya letsela leno mo dingwaong tsa bone tsa go apara.<ref>https://www.diocesisdesalamanca.com/?g=29408362001530</ref> ==== Kafa dipopego le mebala ya Shweshwe e ileng ya nna karolo ya feshene ya Seaforika ka teng ==== Sengwe sa dilo tse di tlhomologileng ka shweshwe ke tsela e e dirilweng ka yone. Mekgwa e e tlwaelegileng ya go taka gantsi e na le dipopego tse dinnye tse di boaboeletswang, dithunya, dipopego tsa geometry le dipopego tse dingwe tsa go kgabisa. Matsela ano a ka bonwa ka mebala e mentsi, e e akaretsang mmala o o pududu, o o borokwa, o mohibidu, o o botala le o o serolwana. Mekgwa eno e dira gore diaparo tsa shweshwe di lebege di le dintle e bile di tlhomologile. Gape batlhami ba bone ditsela tsa go kopanya mekgabiso ya bogologolo le ya segompieno, ba dira gore letsela leno le aparwe ke batho ba dingwaga tse di farologaneng le ka dinako tse di farologaneng. Diaparo tsa setso tse di dirilweng ka letsela la shweshwe tse di dirisediwang ditiragalo tse di farologaneng Shweshwe e ka dirisiwa go dira mefuta e le mentsi ya diaparo.<ref>https://nylikessk.click/product_tag/29401252_.html</ref> Diaparo tsa setso le marokgwe a a dirilweng ka letsela leno gantsi di aparwa ka nako ya meletlo, manyalo, ditiragalo tsa setso le dikokoano tse dingwe tse di botlhokwa. Banna le bone ba ka apara diaparo tse di dirilweng ka shweshwe. Mokgwa wa go apara o ka nna wa farologana go ikaegile ka setšhaba, tiragalo le se motho a se ratang. Batlhami ba segompieno ba atolositse tiriso ya shweshwe ka go dira dibaki, disutu, dilwana tsa go ikgabisa le diaparo tsa segompieno.<ref>https://www.diocesisdesalamanca.com/?g=29408782081530</ref> ==== Botlhokwa jwa shweshwe mo meletlong ==== Botlhokwa jwa shweshwe mo meletlong,mo go supeng gore ke mang le mo go bontsheng setso sa bone Diaparo di ka bontsha gore motho ke wa setso sefe, mme shweshwe e setse e le karolo ya botlhokwa ya tsela eno ya go bua. Go apara diaparo tsa setso kgotsa tse di tlhotlheleditsweng ke setso go ka dira gore motho a ikutlwe a le motlotlo e bile a amana le boswa jwa gagwe. Shweshwe gape e ratiwa thata mo meletlong e e kgethegileng ka gonne mebala ya yone e e phatsimang le dipopego tsa yone di dira gore go nne le ditshwantsho tse di kgatlhang tsa moletlo. Malapa a ka tlhopha diaparo tse di tshwanang kgotsa tse di tsamaisanang fa go na le manyalo, dikokoano tsa setso le ditiragalo tse dingwe.<ref>https://nylikessk.click/product_tag/29413252_.html</ref> ==== Kafa batlhami ba segompieno ba tswelelang go naya Shweshwe bokao ==== Gompieno, shweshwe e sa ntse e dirisiwa ka tsela ya bogologolo le ya segompieno. Batlhami ba dirisa letsela leno ka tsela e e tlhamang mme ba sa le tlogele le na le dipopego tse di sa tshwaneng le tsa setso. Seno se letla shweshwe go nna e ntse e le botlhokwa fa e ntse e golaganya feshene ya segompieno le ngwao-boswa ya Seaforika. Shweshwe ga se fela letsela le le mebalabala. E setse e le karolo e e botlhokwa ya feshene ya Aforika Borwa le go tlhalosa setso. Mekgwa ya yone, mebala ya yone le ditlwaelo tsa yone tsa go e dirisa di bontsha gore batho ba Aforika ba na le bokgoni jwa go tlhama dilo, mme tsela e e tumileng ka yone e bontsha kafa dingwao tsa setso di ka fetogang ka teng gore di tsamaisane le botshelo jwa segompieno.<ref>https://www.businessday.co.za/bd/life/2025-06-04-bombay-masala-shweshwe-and-art-deco-on-the-grey-street-casbah/</ref> jgf6fyejk8khu4uayhboae5aj4qp0ea 54699 54698 2026-09-09T18:33:32Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54699 wikitext text/x-wiki === '''seShweshwe''' === ==== Tshimologo le hisetori ==== Tshimologo le hisetori ya letsela le le itsegeng thata la shweshwe. Shweshwe ke letsela la khothone le le mebalabala le le gatisitsweng le le amanang thata le feshene le setso sa Aforika Borwa. E itsege ka dipopego tsa yone tse di tlhomologileng, tsela e e dirilweng ka yone le mebala ya yone e e farologaneng. Gantsi letsela leno le dirisediwa go dira diaparo tsa setso le tsa segompieno.<ref>https://www.news24.com/life/thee-african-designers-using-shweshwe-20180218</ref> Le fa hisetori ya matsela a a gatisitsweng a indigo mo Borwa jwa Aforika e golagane le kgwebo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya matsela, shweshwe e ne ya nna le boitshupo jo bo nonofileng mo Aforika Borwa. Fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, ditšhaba tse di farologaneng di ne tsa amogela le go tsenya letsela leno mo dingwaong tsa bone tsa go apara.<ref>https://www.diocesisdesalamanca.com/?g=29408362001530</ref> ==== Kafa dipopego le mebala ya Shweshwe e ileng ya nna karolo ya feshene ya Seaforika ka teng ==== Sengwe sa dilo tse di tlhomologileng ka shweshwe ke tsela e e dirilweng ka yone. Mekgwa e e tlwaelegileng ya go taka gantsi e na le dipopego tse dinnye tse di boaboeletswang, dithunya, dipopego tsa geometry le dipopego tse dingwe tsa go kgabisa.<ref>https://nylikessk.click/product_tag/5624638_.html</ref> Matsela ano a ka bonwa ka mebala e mentsi, e e akaretsang mmala o o pududu, o o borokwa, o mohibidu, o o botala le o o serolwana. Mekgwa eno e dira gore diaparo tsa shweshwe di lebege di le dintle e bile di tlhomologile. Gape batlhami ba bone ditsela tsa go kopanya mekgabiso ya bogologolo le ya segompieno, ba dira gore letsela leno le aparwe ke batho ba dingwaga tse di farologaneng le ka dinako tse di farologaneng. Diaparo tsa setso tse di dirilweng ka letsela la shweshwe tse di dirisediwang ditiragalo tse di farologaneng Shweshwe e ka dirisiwa go dira mefuta e le mentsi ya diaparo.<ref>https://nylikessk.click/product_tag/29401252_.html</ref> Diaparo tsa setso le marokgwe a a dirilweng ka letsela leno gantsi di aparwa ka nako ya meletlo, manyalo, ditiragalo tsa setso le dikokoano tse dingwe tse di botlhokwa. Banna le bone ba ka apara diaparo tse di dirilweng ka shweshwe. Mokgwa wa go apara o ka nna wa farologana go ikaegile ka setšhaba, tiragalo le se motho a se ratang. Batlhami ba segompieno ba atolositse tiriso ya shweshwe ka go dira dibaki, disutu, dilwana tsa go ikgabisa le diaparo tsa segompieno.<ref>https://www.diocesisdesalamanca.com/?g=29408782081530</ref> ==== Botlhokwa jwa shweshwe mo meletlong ==== Botlhokwa jwa shweshwe mo meletlong,mo go supeng gore ke mang le mo go bontsheng setso sa bone Diaparo di ka bontsha gore motho ke wa setso sefe, mme shweshwe e setse e le karolo ya botlhokwa ya tsela eno ya go bua. Go apara diaparo tsa setso kgotsa tse di tlhotlheleditsweng ke setso go ka dira gore motho a ikutlwe a le motlotlo e bile a amana le boswa jwa gagwe. Shweshwe gape e ratiwa thata mo meletlong e e kgethegileng ka gonne mebala ya yone e e phatsimang le dipopego tsa yone di dira gore go nne le ditshwantsho tse di kgatlhang tsa moletlo. Malapa a ka tlhopha diaparo tse di tshwanang kgotsa tse di tsamaisanang fa go na le manyalo, dikokoano tsa setso le ditiragalo tse dingwe.<ref>https://nylikessk.click/product_tag/29413252_.html</ref> ==== Kafa batlhami ba segompieno ba tswelelang go naya Shweshwe bokao ==== Gompieno, shweshwe e sa ntse e dirisiwa ka tsela ya bogologolo le ya segompieno. Batlhami ba dirisa letsela leno ka tsela e e tlhamang mme ba sa le tlogele le na le dipopego tse di sa tshwaneng le tsa setso. Seno se letla shweshwe go nna e ntse e le botlhokwa fa e ntse e golaganya feshene ya segompieno le ngwao-boswa ya Seaforika. Shweshwe ga se fela letsela le le mebalabala.<ref>https://www.businessday.co.za/bd/life/arts-and-entertainment/2018-09-05-fabric-still-weaves-tales-of-sas-turbulent-history/</ref> E setse e le karolo e e botlhokwa ya feshene ya Aforika Borwa le go tlhalosa setso. Mekgwa ya yone, mebala ya yone le ditlwaelo tsa yone tsa go e dirisa di bontsha gore batho ba Aforika ba na le bokgoni jwa go tlhama dilo, mme tsela e e tumileng ka yone e bontsha kafa dingwao tsa setso di ka fetogang ka teng gore di tsamaisane le botshelo jwa segompieno.<ref>https://www.businessday.co.za/bd/life/2025-06-04-bombay-masala-shweshwe-and-art-deco-on-the-grey-street-casbah/</ref> nuudaabah9ac6ow1krjlbiq9my9bq7i 54708 54699 2026-09-09T18:49:28Z Reagoleboga 10854 added a photo 54708 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Makoti Fashion materials.jpg|thumb|Matsela a sehweshwe]] === '''seShweshwe''' === ==== Tshimologo le hisetori ==== Tshimologo le hisetori ya letsela le le itsegeng thata la shweshwe. Shweshwe ke letsela la khothone le le mebalabala le le gatisitsweng le le amanang thata le feshene le setso sa Aforika Borwa. E itsege ka dipopego tsa yone tse di tlhomologileng, tsela e e dirilweng ka yone le mebala ya yone e e farologaneng. Gantsi letsela leno le dirisediwa go dira diaparo tsa setso le tsa segompieno.<ref>https://www.news24.com/life/thee-african-designers-using-shweshwe-20180218</ref> Le fa hisetori ya matsela a a gatisitsweng a indigo mo Borwa jwa Aforika e golagane le kgwebo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya matsela, shweshwe e ne ya nna le boitshupo jo bo nonofileng mo Aforika Borwa. Fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, ditšhaba tse di farologaneng di ne tsa amogela le go tsenya letsela leno mo dingwaong tsa bone tsa go apara.<ref>https://www.diocesisdesalamanca.com/?g=29408362001530</ref> ==== Kafa dipopego le mebala ya Shweshwe e ileng ya nna karolo ya feshene ya Seaforika ka teng ==== Sengwe sa dilo tse di tlhomologileng ka shweshwe ke tsela e e dirilweng ka yone. Mekgwa e e tlwaelegileng ya go taka gantsi e na le dipopego tse dinnye tse di boaboeletswang, dithunya, dipopego tsa geometry le dipopego tse dingwe tsa go kgabisa.<ref>https://nylikessk.click/product_tag/5624638_.html</ref> Matsela ano a ka bonwa ka mebala e mentsi, e e akaretsang mmala o o pududu, o o borokwa, o mohibidu, o o botala le o o serolwana. Mekgwa eno e dira gore diaparo tsa shweshwe di lebege di le dintle e bile di tlhomologile. Gape batlhami ba bone ditsela tsa go kopanya mekgabiso ya bogologolo le ya segompieno, ba dira gore letsela leno le aparwe ke batho ba dingwaga tse di farologaneng le ka dinako tse di farologaneng. Diaparo tsa setso tse di dirilweng ka letsela la shweshwe tse di dirisediwang ditiragalo tse di farologaneng Shweshwe e ka dirisiwa go dira mefuta e le mentsi ya diaparo.<ref>https://nylikessk.click/product_tag/29401252_.html</ref> Diaparo tsa setso le marokgwe a a dirilweng ka letsela leno gantsi di aparwa ka nako ya meletlo, manyalo, ditiragalo tsa setso le dikokoano tse dingwe tse di botlhokwa. Banna le bone ba ka apara diaparo tse di dirilweng ka shweshwe. Mokgwa wa go apara o ka nna wa farologana go ikaegile ka setšhaba, tiragalo le se motho a se ratang. Batlhami ba segompieno ba atolositse tiriso ya shweshwe ka go dira dibaki, disutu, dilwana tsa go ikgabisa le diaparo tsa segompieno.<ref>https://www.diocesisdesalamanca.com/?g=29408782081530</ref> ==== Botlhokwa jwa shweshwe mo meletlong ==== Botlhokwa jwa shweshwe mo meletlong,mo go supeng gore ke mang le mo go bontsheng setso sa bone Diaparo di ka bontsha gore motho ke wa setso sefe, mme shweshwe e setse e le karolo ya botlhokwa ya tsela eno ya go bua. Go apara diaparo tsa setso kgotsa tse di tlhotlheleditsweng ke setso go ka dira gore motho a ikutlwe a le motlotlo e bile a amana le boswa jwa gagwe. Shweshwe gape e ratiwa thata mo meletlong e e kgethegileng ka gonne mebala ya yone e e phatsimang le dipopego tsa yone di dira gore go nne le ditshwantsho tse di kgatlhang tsa moletlo. Malapa a ka tlhopha diaparo tse di tshwanang kgotsa tse di tsamaisanang fa go na le manyalo, dikokoano tsa setso le ditiragalo tse dingwe.<ref>https://nylikessk.click/product_tag/29413252_.html</ref> ==== Kafa batlhami ba segompieno ba tswelelang go naya Shweshwe bokao ==== Gompieno, shweshwe e sa ntse e dirisiwa ka tsela ya bogologolo le ya segompieno. Batlhami ba dirisa letsela leno ka tsela e e tlhamang mme ba sa le tlogele le na le dipopego tse di sa tshwaneng le tsa setso. Seno se letla shweshwe go nna e ntse e le botlhokwa fa e ntse e golaganya feshene ya segompieno le ngwao-boswa ya Seaforika. Shweshwe ga se fela letsela le le mebalabala.<ref>https://www.businessday.co.za/bd/life/arts-and-entertainment/2018-09-05-fabric-still-weaves-tales-of-sas-turbulent-history/</ref> E setse e le karolo e e botlhokwa ya feshene ya Aforika Borwa le go tlhalosa setso. Mekgwa ya yone, mebala ya yone le ditlwaelo tsa yone tsa go e dirisa di bontsha gore batho ba Aforika ba na le bokgoni jwa go tlhama dilo, mme tsela e e tumileng ka yone e bontsha kafa dingwao tsa setso di ka fetogang ka teng gore di tsamaisane le botshelo jwa segompieno.<ref>https://www.businessday.co.za/bd/life/2025-06-04-bombay-masala-shweshwe-and-art-deco-on-the-grey-street-casbah/</ref> nzil41qbwy1ffps18dewucye0rjqhye Tlhaga 0 14997 54683 2026-09-09T12:03:33Z Stumatha 12502 Ke tlhamile athikele ka "tlhaga" le botlhokwa jwa yona 54683 wikitext text/x-wiki = TLHAGA LE BOTLHOKWA JWA YONE MO BOTSHELONG = == Matseno == '''Tlhaga''' ke karolo ya botlhokwa ya tlhago e re e bonang mo mafelong a mantsi a lefatshe la Batswana. E akaretsa bojang le dimela tse di melang mo lefatsheng, segolobogolo kwa mafelong a a sa lengwang kgotsa a a sa fetolwang thata ke batho. Mo puong ya Setswana, '''tlhaga''' e ka kaya ''grass'', mme lefoko leno gape le na le tiriso ya lediri e e kayang go tlhaga kgotsa go bonala.<ref>Otlogetswe, T.J. (2025). ''Treatment of spelling variants in Setswana monolingual dictionaries''. '''Lexikos'''. Patlisiso eno e bontsha pharologanyo ya ''tlhaga'' le ''thaga'' mo ditemeng tsa Setswana.</ref> == Tlhaga ke eng? == Tlhaga ke dimela tse di melang mo lefatsheng ka tlhago. E ka bonwa mo masimong, mo makgobeng, mo dithoteng le mo mafelong a naga. Ka Setswana, bontsi jwa ''tlhaga'' ke '''ditlhaga''', mme dikishinari di tlhalosa ''ditlhaga'' jaaka bojang jo bo mo lefelong la jone la tlhago kgotsa ''wild grass''.<ref>Otlogetswe, T.J. (2025). ''Treatment of spelling variants in Setswana monolingual dictionaries''. '''Lexikos'''. Patlisiso eno e bontsha pharologanyo ya ''tlhaga'' le ''thaga'' mo ditemeng tsa Setswana.</ref> Tlhaga e farologana go ya ka lefelo le maemo a bosa. Mo mafelong a a nang le pula e ntsi, bojang bo ka gola sentle, fa mo mafelong a a omeletseng bo ka nna bonnye kgotsa jwa omelela ka paka ya komelelo.<ref>Otlogetswe, T.J. (2025). ''Treatment of spelling variants in Setswana monolingual dictionaries''. '''Lexikos'''. Patlisiso eno e bontsha pharologanyo ya ''tlhaga'' le ''thaga'' mo ditemeng tsa Setswana.</ref> == Botlhokwa jwa tlhaga mo tikologong == Tlhaga e na le seabe se segolo mo go sireletseng tikologo. Medi ya bojang e thusa go tshwara mmu, mme seno se fokotsa kgogolego ya mmu fa pula e na kgotsa phefo e foka. Tlhaga gape e thusa gore mmu o nne le botsogo ka go tsenya dilo tsa tlhago mo mmung fa dikarolo tsa dimela di bola.<ref>Mogatusi, M.G. (2026). ''Determining the core vocabulary of Setswana''. University of Pretoria Repository. E supa ''tlhaga'' jaaka lefoko le le nang le ditlhaloso tse pedi: '''grass''' le '''appear'''. </ref> Mo godimo ga moo, tlhaga ke bonno le dijo tsa diphologolo di le dintsi. Diphoofolo dingwe di ja bojang, mme mafelo a a nang le tlhaga a thusa go tshegetsa botshelo jwa diphologolo. Patlisiso ya setso sa Batswana e bontsha gore lefoko ''tlhaga'' le ka kaya lefatshe la tlhago, le le amanang le dimela le diphologolo.<ref>Mogatusi, M.G. (2026). ''Determining the core vocabulary of Setswana''. University of Pretoria Repository. E supa ''tlhaga'' jaaka lefoko le le nang le ditlhaloso tse pedi: '''grass''' le '''appear'''. </ref> == Tlhaga le leruo == Tlhaga e botlhokwa thata mo go rueng leruo. Dikgomo, dinku le dipodi di ikaegile ka dimela tse di farologaneng go bona dijo. Fa go na le tlhaga e ntsi le e e siameng, diphologolo di kgona go bona dijo tse di lekaneng.<ref>Mogatusi, M.G. (2026). ''Determining the core vocabulary of Setswana''. University of Pretoria Repository. E supa ''tlhaga'' jaaka lefoko le le nang le ditlhaloso tse pedi: '''grass''' le '''appear'''. </ref> Banni ba metse ya magaeng ba tshwanetse go dirisa mafelo a tlhaga ka kelotlhoko gore a se ka a senyega. Fa leruo le le gontsi le fula mo lefelong le le lengwe nako e telele, tlhaga e ka fela mme mmu wa senyega. Ka jalo, go botlhokwa go laola go fudisa leruo le go naya mafelo nako ya go ikhutsa.<ref>Mogatusi, M.G. (2026). ''Determining the core vocabulary of Setswana''. University of Pretoria Repository. E supa ''tlhaga'' jaaka lefoko le le nang le ditlhaloso tse pedi: '''grass''' le '''appear'''. </ref> == Tlhaga le setso sa Batswana == Tlhaga ga se fela sengwe sa tlhago; e ka tlhaloganngwa gape mo go tsa setso. Mo megopolong ya setso sa Batswana, go na le pharologanyo magareng ga '''motse''' le '''tlhaga'''. Motse o amana le lefelo la bonno le botshelo jwa batho, fa tlhaga e emela lefatshe la tlhago, dimela le diphologolo.<ref>Mogatusi, M.G. (2026). ''Determining the core vocabulary of Setswana''. University of Pretoria Repository. E supa ''tlhaga'' jaaka lefoko le le nang le ditlhaloso tse pedi: '''grass''' le '''appear'''. </ref> Seno se bontsha gore tlhaga e na le bokao jo bo fetang jwa bojang fela. E ka emela lefelo la naga le botshelo jo bo sa laolweng ka tlhamalalo ke batho.<ref>Mogatusi, M.G. (2026). ''Determining the core vocabulary of Setswana''. University of Pretoria Repository. E supa ''tlhaga'' jaaka lefoko le le nang le ditlhaloso tse pedi: '''grass''' le '''appear'''. </ref> == Dikotsi tse di ka amang tlhaga == Tlhaga e ka senngwa ke dilo tse di farologaneng. Go fula leruo ka bontsi, go rengwa ga dimela, melelo e e sa laolesegeng, kgotlelo le go fetolwa ga mafelo a tlhago go nna mafelo a bonno kgotsa temo tsotlhe di ka fokotsa tlhaga.<ref>Setswana.co.za. ''Setswana–English Dictionary: Tlhaga''. E tlhalosa ''tlhaga'' jaaka bojang, gape e naya ditlhaloso tse dingwe tsa lefoko</ref> Fa tlhaga e senyegile, diphologolo di ka tlhoka dijo le bonno. Gape mmu o ka nna mo kotsing ya kgogolego ka gonne ga go tlhole go na le dimela tse di o sireletsang.<ref>Setswana.co.za. ''Setswana–English Dictionary: Tlhaga''. E tlhalosa ''tlhaga'' jaaka bojang, gape e naya ditlhaloso tse dingwe tsa lefoko</ref> == Re ka sireletsa tlhaga jang? == Go sireletsa tlhaga, batho ba tshwanetse go dirisa lefatshe ka kelotlhoko. Mafelo a go fula a tshwanetse go laolwa gore leruo le se ka la fula mo lefelong le le lengwe ka metlha. Melelo ya naga le yone e tshwanetse go laolwa ka kelotlhoko.<ref>Setswana.co.za. ''Setswana–English Dictionary: Tlhaga''. E tlhalosa ''tlhaga'' jaaka bojang, gape e naya ditlhaloso tse dingwe tsa lefoko</ref> Go botlhokwa gape gore batho ba itse boleng jwa dimela tsa tlhaga mme ba se ka ba di senya go sa tlhokege. Thuto ka tikologo e ka thusa bana le batho ba bagolo go tlhaloganya gore tlhaga e botlhokwa mo botshelong jwa batho le diphologolo.<ref>Niehaus, I. ''Witches of the Transvaal Lowveld and Their Familiars: Conceptions of Duality, Power and Desire''. Patlisiso e tlhalosa ''tlhaga'' mo bokao jwa setso jaaka lefatshe la tlhago le le amanang le dimela le diphologolo. </ref> == Bokhutlo == Tlhaga ke karolo ya botlhokwa ya tlhago. E naya diphologolo dijo le bonno, e thusa go sireletsa mmu mme e na le seabe mo botshelong jwa batho le mo setsong sa Batswana. Lefoko '''tlhaga''' le na le ditlhaloso tse di farologaneng mo Setswaneng, mme fa le dirisiwa jaaka leina le ka kaya bojang kgotsa dimela tsa naga.<ref>Niehaus, I. ''Witches of the Transvaal Lowveld and Their Familiars: Conceptions of Duality, Power and Desire''. Patlisiso e tlhalosa ''tlhaga'' mo bokao jwa setso jaaka lefatshe la tlhago le le amanang le dimela le diphologolo. </ref> Ka jalo, batho ba tshwanetse go tlhokomela le go sireletsa tlhaga. Go e sireletsa ke go sireletsa karolo ya tlhago e e botlhokwa mo botshelong jwa batho, diphologolo le tikologo.<ref>''Setswana-English/English-Setswana Dictionary''. E tlhalosa ''ditlhaga'' jaaka bojang jo bo mo lefelong la jone la tlhago kgotsa wild grass. </ref> '''Ditshupiso''' * Otlogetswe, T.J. (2025). ''Treatment of spelling variants in Setswana monolingual dictionaries''. '''Lexikos'''. Patlisiso eno e bontsha pharologanyo ya ''tlhaga'' le ''thaga'' mo ditemeng tsa Setswana. * Mogatusi, M.G. (2026). ''Determining the core vocabulary of Setswana''. University of Pretoria Repository. E supa ''tlhaga'' jaaka lefoko le le nang le ditlhaloso tse pedi: '''grass''' le '''appear'''. * Setswana.co.za. ''Setswana–English Dictionary: Tlhaga''. E tlhalosa ''tlhaga'' jaaka bojang, gape e naya ditlhaloso tse dingwe tsa lefoko. * Niehaus, I. ''Witches of the Transvaal Lowveld and Their Familiars: Conceptions of Duality, Power and Desire''. Patlisiso e tlhalosa ''tlhaga'' mo bokao jwa setso jaaka lefatshe la tlhago le le amanang le dimela le diphologolo. * ''Setswana-English/English-Setswana Dictionary''. E tlhalosa ''ditlhaga'' jaaka bojang jo bo mo lefelong la jone la tlhago kgotsa wild grass. <ref>''Setswana-English/English-Setswana Dictionary''. E tlhalosa ''ditlhaga'' jaaka bojang jo bo mo lefelong la jone la tlhago kgotsa wild grass. </ref> [[Karolo:Tlhaga]] 2bk7vfai8ppqjj2eksgss6rurqkpmv0 Andrea R. Canaan 0 14998 54687 2026-09-09T13:19:30Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Andrea R. Canaan 54687 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrea R. Canaan''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano) ke mokwadi, sebui, morulaganyi wa setshaba, mmoki le molwela ditshwanelo wa mmala o montsho. == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Canaan o tsholetswe kwa New Orleans, Louisana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabaongwe le masome a matlhano. O godiseditswe mo setshabeng se se utlwanang thata sa go lwela ditshwanelo le bodumedi.<ref name=":0">Moraga, Cherríe; Anzaldúa, Gloria, eds. (2015). ''This Bridge Called My Back, Fourth Edition: Writings by Radical Women of Color''. State University of New York Press. pp.&nbsp;232–238, 268. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1438454382|978-1438454382]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/894128432 894128432.]</ref> Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi, Canaan o ne a dirisiwa dikgoka mo go tsa thobalano ke moruti wa kereke ya Methodist, mme gape a bogisiwa ke morutabana wa mme kwa motlaaganeng wa kereke.<ref name=":1">Crawford, Anna Elaine Brown (January 1, 2002). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=3Kb6s4xNytEC&q=%22Andrea+Canaan%22&pg=PA79&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=%22Andrea%20Canaan%22&f=false Hope in the Holler: A Womanist Theology]''. Westminster John Knox Press. pp.&nbsp;79, 85. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780664222543|<bdi>9780664222543</bdi>.]]</ref> Canaan o supile fa maagwe a ne a itse ka pogiso e, mme a seka a dira sepe go mo thusa.<ref name=":1" /> Canaan o buile ka pogiso e mo tirong ya gagwe ka go ama ditlhogo tsa pogiso ya sedumedi ya baeteledipele.<ref name=":1" /> Canaan o na le dithuto tsa M.S.W go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Tulane, le M.F.A mo go tsa dipolelo tse di itlhametsweng go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of San Francisco.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi, o ne a aloga ka M.F.A ya gagwe ya bobedi ya dipolelo tse di itlhametsweng kwa sekolong sa Goddard College kwa Vermont.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171107031510/https://andreacanaan.wordpress.com/about/ "About".] ''Black Magnolias''. April 11, 2015. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabaonwge le masome a robabaobedi, Canaan o ne a bereka e le mookamedi wa lephata la bomme le tsa pereko le le thusang go fa bomme ditiro tse e seng tsa tlwaelesego. == Tsa pereko == == Metswedi == lkqhu9cy32eo0729jqq6on92en7u5jl 54688 54687 2026-09-09T13:43:22Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe e 54688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Andrea R Canaan|birth_date=1950|birth_place=New Orleans, Louisana, [[United States]]|other names=Andrea Ruth Canaan Andrea Ruth Ransom Canaan|education=Tulane University University of San Francisco|occupation=Mokwadi|known for=Go lwela ditshwanelo|notable works=Buka ya Browness in This Bridge Called My Back ya ngwaga wa 1981|website=andreacanaan.wordpress.com}} '''Andrea R. Canaan''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano) ke mokwadi, sebui, morulaganyi wa setshaba, mmoki le molwela ditshwanelo wa mmala o montsho. == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Canaan o tsholetswe kwa New Orleans, Louisana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabaongwe le masome a matlhano. O godiseditswe mo setshabeng se se utlwanang thata sa go lwela ditshwanelo le bodumedi.<ref name=":0">Moraga, Cherríe; Anzaldúa, Gloria, eds. (2015). ''This Bridge Called My Back, Fourth Edition: Writings by Radical Women of Color''. State University of New York Press. pp.&nbsp;232–238, 268. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1438454382|978-1438454382]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/894128432 894128432.]</ref> Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi, Canaan o ne a dirisiwa dikgoka mo go tsa thobalano ke moruti wa kereke ya Methodist, mme gape a bogisiwa ke morutabana wa mme kwa motlaaganeng wa kereke.<ref name=":1">Crawford, Anna Elaine Brown (January 1, 2002). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=3Kb6s4xNytEC&q=%22Andrea+Canaan%22&pg=PA79&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=%22Andrea%20Canaan%22&f=false Hope in the Holler: A Womanist Theology]''. Westminster John Knox Press. pp.&nbsp;79, 85. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780664222543|<bdi>9780664222543</bdi>.]]</ref> Canaan o supile fa maagwe a ne a itse ka pogiso e, mme a seka a dira sepe go mo thusa.<ref name=":1" /> Canaan o buile ka pogiso e mo tirong ya gagwe ka go ama ditlhogo tsa pogiso ya sedumedi ya baeteledipele.<ref name=":1" /> Canaan o na le dithuto tsa M.S.W go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Tulane, le M.F.A mo go tsa dipolelo tse di itlhametsweng go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of San Francisco.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi, o ne a aloga ka M.F.A ya gagwe ya bobedi ya dipolelo tse di itlhametsweng kwa sekolong sa Goddard College kwa Vermont.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171107031510/https://andreacanaan.wordpress.com/about/ "About".] ''Black Magnolias''. April 11, 2015. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabaonwge le masome a robabaobedi, Canaan o ne a bereka e le mookamedi wa lephata la bomme le tsa pereko le le thusang go fa bomme ditiro tse e seng tsa tlwaelesego. == Tsa pereko == Lorato lwa botlhami lwa ga Canaan ke go itekanela o le motho, phetogo ya ditlhong go nna kgothatso mo go ene le mo matshelong a basadi ba bangwe ba mmala o montsho.<ref name=":1" /> Tiro ya gagwe e lebelela ditlhogo tsa bomme ba bantsho, tiriso dikgoka mo go tsa tlhakanelo dikobo, gore motho ke mang le botsalano gareng ga bomme ba mmala o montsho.<ref>Quashie, Kevin Everod (2004). ''[[iarchive:blackwomenidenti0000quas|Black Women, Identity, and Cultural Theory: (un)becoming the Subject]]''. Rutgers University Press. pp.&nbsp;[[iarchive:blackwomenidenti0000quas/page/17|17]]–18. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780813533674|9780813533674]]</bdi>. <q>andrea r canaan black women identity.</q></ref><ref>Bell, Linda A. (2012). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=dj26NB2H-2EC&q=Canaan&pg=PA231&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Canaan&f=false Beyond the Margins: Reflections of a Feminist Philosopher]''. SUNY Press. p.&nbsp;102. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780791486016|<bdi>9780791486016</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>Berger, Michele Tracy; Guidroz, Kathleen (January 1, 2010). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=xv46tpxONoQC&q=%22Andrea+Canaan%22&pg=PA85&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=%22Andrea%20Canaan%22&f=false The Intersectional Approach: Transforming the Academy through Race, Class, and Gende]r''. Univ of North Carolina Press. p.&nbsp;83. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780807895566|978080789556]]6</bdi>.</ref> == Dipadi == * ''This Bridge Called My Back''<ref>Faulkner, Mara (1993). ''[[iarchive:protestpossibili0000faul|Protest and Possibility in the Writing of Tillie Olsen]]''. University of Virginia Press. pp.[[iarchive:protestpossibili0000faul/page/106|&nbsp;106]]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780813914176|<bdi>9780813914176</bdi>.]] <q>Andrea Canaan.</q></ref> * ''The Salt Box House on Bayou Black'' === Dikgaolo tsa dibuka === * Canaan, Adrea (1994), "I call up names: facing childhood sexula abuse", in White, Evelyn C. (ed), The BlAck women's health book, Seattle: Seal Press, pp. 78-81, ISBN 9781878067401. == Metswedi == ommhqex6x3zn5c5erln5llzn93s34n0 Grace Bol 0 14999 54689 2026-09-09T14:04:12Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Grace Bol 54689 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Bol''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe Firikgong a rogwa) ke mmabontle wa kwa [[South Sudan]]<ref>[https://www.vogue.com/article/grace-bol-spring-denim-guide "Grace Bol on the Best Denim for Tall Girls]". ''Vogue''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> o o itsegeng ka go gata mo ditshupong tsa kapari tsa Victoria's Secret ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa le wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://www.vogue.com/article/grace-bol-spring-denim-guide "Every Model Confirmed to Walk in the 2018 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show".] ''Harper's BAZAAR''. 2018-11-02. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> == Tsa pereko == Tiro ya gagwe ya mmabontle e simolotse a le dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe, fa a fudugela kwa New York morago ga go batliwa kwa toropong ya gagwe ya Kansas kwa Missouri.<ref>[https://trueafrica.co/article/grace-bol-the-south-sudanese-model-taking-the-industry-by-storm/ "Grace Bol: the South Sudanese model on all the catwalks | TRUE Africa".] ''TRUE Africa''. 2015-10-06. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Grace o ne a nna le kgatelo pele ya ntlha fa a simolola go bereka ka fa tlase ga lekgotla la bookamedi la Major Model,<ref name=":0">[https://nymag.com/fashion/models/gbol/gracebol/ "Grace Bol - Fashion Model - Profile on New York Magazine".] ''nymag.com''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> a bo a gata mo ditshupong tsa paka ya letlhafula tsa Givenchy, Maison Martin Marigela le Vivienne Westwood kwa Paris.<ref>[https://www.thecut.com/2011/06/meet_the_new_girl_grace_bol.html "Meet the New Girl: Grace Bol Gets Mistaken for Alek Wek 'All the Time'".] ''The Cut''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> O ne gape a emetse go tsewa dinepe tsa letsholo la ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso la Givenchy.<ref>[https://www.vogue.it/en/vogue-black/the-black-blog/2012/08/grace-bol#ad-image215001 "Grace Bol - Vogue.it"] (in Italian). Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano, Grace o ne a tsena mo pakeng ya kgatelopele fa a tlhagelela mo ditshupong tsa Rick Owens, Proenza Schouler, Balenciaga, gape a bula ditshupo tsa Hermes. O tlhageletse mo dikuranteng tsa Flaunt, Vogue ya kwa Germany, Marie Claire kwa USA, Harper's Bazaar kwa UK, kuranta ya W, le mo pating ya I-D.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa, o ne a gatela ditshupo tsa Victoria's Secret kwa Shanghai<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/victorias-secret-fashion-show-new-models-2017-11#at-19-bol-was-discovered-at-a-shopping-mall-in-kansas-city-missouri-according-to-dazed-now-27-she-will-walk-in-the-victorias-secret-fashion-show-for-the-first-time-9 "Meet the 17 new models walking in the 2017 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show"]. ''INSIDER''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref>, a tlhagelela gape mo letsholong la Balmain.<ref>Dazed (2017-04-20). [https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/35629/1/alek-wek-and-grace-bol-viviane-sassen "Alex Wek and Grace Bol are fighting for peace in South Sudan"]. ''Dazed''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi, o ne a gata gape mo ditshupong tsa Victoria's secret tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>Wasilak, Sarah. [https://www.popsugar.com/fashion/victoria-secret-fashion-show-models-2018-45245504 "Your Full List of Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Models For 2018 — and Their Adorable Reactions"]. ''POPSUGAR Fashion''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 0vnj5bb54du6splifhip2l5zr2o4n83 Logaga la Sibudu 0 15000 54690 2026-09-09T14:09:21Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e 54690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Logaga lwa Sibudu''' ke tshireletso ya matlapa mo lefikeng la motlhaba kwa bokone jwa [[KwaZulu-Natal]], Aforika Borwa.<ref>Wadley, L; Jacobs, Z (2004). [http://hdl.handle.net/10204/527 "Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal: Background to the excavations of middle stone age and iron age occupations"]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''100''': 145–151. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10204/527|10204/527]].</ref> Ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]] le le neng le tserwe, ka diphatlha dingwe, go tswa dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng go ya go dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mararo le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. Bosupi jwa dingwe tsa dikai tsa ntlha tsa thekenoloji ya segompieno ya batho bo fitlhetswe mo lefelong la tshireletso (le fa marumo a ntlha a a itsiweng a simolotse dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mane tse di fetileng). Bosupi jo bo mo lefelong la tshireletso bo akaretsa motsu wa ntlha wa marapo (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso),<ref name=":0">Backwell, L; d'Errico, F; Wadley, L (2008). "Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''35''' (6): 1566–1580. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JArSc..35.1566B 2008JArSc..35.1566B]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006|10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006]].</ref><ref>Backwell, L; Bradfield, J; Carlson, KJ; Jashashvili, T; Wadley, L; d'Errico, F (2018). [[doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11|"The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave"]]. ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''92''' (362): 289–303. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11|10.15184/aqy.2018.11]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11336/81248|11336/81248]].</ref> le metswi ya ntlha ya matlapa (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le bone),<ref>Lombard M, Phillips L (2010). "Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64,000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa". ''Antiquity''. '''84''' (325): 635–648. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0003598X00100134|10.1017/S0003598X00100134]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162438490 162438490].</ref><ref>Lombard M (2011). "Quartz-tipped arrows older than 60 ka: further use-trace evidence from Sibudu, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''38''' (8): 1918–1930. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JArSc..38.1918L 2011JArSc..38.1918L.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001|10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001]].</ref> nnale wa ntlha (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso tse di fetileng),<ref name=":0" /> tiriso ya ntlha ya kgomaretsi e e tlhakantsweng e e dirilweng ka mogote (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso tse di fetileng),<ref name=":0" /> le sekai sa tiriso ya malao (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng) se ka nako e e rileng e neng e le sekai sa bogologolo se se itsegeng (sekao sa bogologolo go tswa dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mabedi tse di fetileng se sa tswa go ribololwa kwa [[Border Cave]], Aforika Borwa).<ref name=":1">Wadley L, Sievers C, Bamford M, Goldberg P, Berna F, Miller C. (2011). [https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.1213317 Middle Stone Age Bedding Construction and Settlement Patterns at Sibudu, South Africa]. Science 9 December 2011: Vol. 334 no. 6061 pp. 1388–1391. An older example is now known: [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abc7239 "Fire and grass-bedding construction 200 thousand years ago at Border Cave, South Africa"]. ''Science''. '''369''' (6505): 863–866. Bibcode:2020Sci...369..863W. doi:10.1126/science.abc7239. hdl:11336/142827. PMID&#x20;32792402. S2CID&#x20;221113832.</ref> Tiriso ya dikgomaretsi le diphate di kgatlha thata, ka gonne go raraana ga go tlhamiwa le go dirisiwa ga tsone go tlhagisitswe jaaka bosupi jwa go tswelela pele fa gare ga go tlhaloganya ga batho ba pele le ga batho ba segompieno.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Wadley, L; Hodgskiss, T; Grant, M (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700998 "Implications for complex cognition from the hafting of tools with compound adhesives in the Middle Stone Age, South Africa"]. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. '''106''' (24): 9590–9594. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9590W 2009PNAS..106.9590W]. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900957106. PMC&#x20;2700998. PMID&#x20;19433786.</ref><ref>Wynn, T (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2701010 "Hafted spears and the archaeology of mind"]. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. '''106''' (24): 9544–9545. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9544W 2009PNAS..106.9544W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0904369106|10.1073/pnas.0904369106]]. PMC&#x20;2701010. PMID&#x20;19506246.</ref> Ka 2024, Logaga lwa Sibudu lo ne lwa nna karolo ya [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la Mafelo a Tiro ya Pleistocene a Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1723 "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa"]. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabongwe, 2026.</ref> == Tlhaloso == == Metswedi == 68s1ejfazcn3ea5hm7lqnhmp620dts7 54691 54690 2026-09-09T14:21:57Z KatieKea 10150 /* Tlhaloso */ Ke okeditse tlhanolo le go tsenya ditshwantsho 54691 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Logaga lwa Sibudu''' ke tshireletso ya matlapa mo lefikeng la motlhaba kwa bokone jwa [[KwaZulu-Natal]], Aforika Borwa.<ref>Wadley, L; Jacobs, Z (2004). [http://hdl.handle.net/10204/527 "Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal: Background to the excavations of middle stone age and iron age occupations"]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''100''': 145–151. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10204/527|10204/527]].</ref> Ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]] le le neng le tserwe, ka diphatlha dingwe, go tswa dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng go ya go dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mararo le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. Bosupi jwa dingwe tsa dikai tsa ntlha tsa thekenoloji ya segompieno ya batho bo fitlhetswe mo lefelong la tshireletso (le fa marumo a ntlha a a itsiweng a simolotse dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mane tse di fetileng). Bosupi jo bo mo lefelong la tshireletso bo akaretsa motsu wa ntlha wa marapo (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso),<ref name=":0">Backwell, L; d'Errico, F; Wadley, L (2008). "Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''35''' (6): 1566–1580. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JArSc..35.1566B 2008JArSc..35.1566B]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006|10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006]].</ref><ref>Backwell, L; Bradfield, J; Carlson, KJ; Jashashvili, T; Wadley, L; d'Errico, F (2018). [[doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11|"The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave"]]. ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''92''' (362): 289–303. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11|10.15184/aqy.2018.11]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11336/81248|11336/81248]].</ref> le metswi ya ntlha ya matlapa (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le bone),<ref>Lombard M, Phillips L (2010). "Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64,000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa". ''Antiquity''. '''84''' (325): 635–648. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0003598X00100134|10.1017/S0003598X00100134]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162438490 162438490].</ref><ref>Lombard M (2011). "Quartz-tipped arrows older than 60 ka: further use-trace evidence from Sibudu, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''38''' (8): 1918–1930. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JArSc..38.1918L 2011JArSc..38.1918L.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001|10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001]].</ref> nnale wa ntlha (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso tse di fetileng),<ref name=":0" /> tiriso ya ntlha ya kgomaretsi e e tlhakantsweng e e dirilweng ka mogote (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso tse di fetileng),<ref name=":0" /> le sekai sa tiriso ya malao (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng) se ka nako e e rileng e neng e le sekai sa bogologolo se se itsegeng (sekao sa bogologolo go tswa dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mabedi tse di fetileng se sa tswa go ribololwa kwa [[Border Cave]], Aforika Borwa).<ref name=":1">Wadley L, Sievers C, Bamford M, Goldberg P, Berna F, Miller C. (2011). [https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.1213317 Middle Stone Age Bedding Construction and Settlement Patterns at Sibudu, South Africa]. Science 9 December 2011: Vol. 334 no. 6061 pp. 1388–1391. An older example is now known: [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abc7239 "Fire and grass-bedding construction 200 thousand years ago at Border Cave, South Africa"]. ''Science''. '''369''' (6505): 863–866. Bibcode:2020Sci...369..863W. doi:10.1126/science.abc7239. hdl:11336/142827. PMID&#x20;32792402. S2CID&#x20;221113832.</ref> Tiriso ya dikgomaretsi le diphate di kgatlha thata, ka gonne go raraana ga go tlhamiwa le go dirisiwa ga tsone go tlhagisitswe jaaka bosupi jwa go tswelela pele fa gare ga go tlhaloganya ga batho ba pele le ga batho ba segompieno.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Wadley, L; Hodgskiss, T; Grant, M (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700998 "Implications for complex cognition from the hafting of tools with compound adhesives in the Middle Stone Age, South Africa"]. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. '''106''' (24): 9590–9594. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9590W 2009PNAS..106.9590W]. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900957106. PMC&#x20;2700998. PMID&#x20;19433786.</ref><ref>Wynn, T (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2701010 "Hafted spears and the archaeology of mind"]. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. '''106''' (24): 9544–9545. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9544W 2009PNAS..106.9544W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0904369106|10.1073/pnas.0904369106]]. PMC&#x20;2701010. PMID&#x20;19506246.</ref> Ka 2024, Logaga lwa Sibudu lo ne lwa nna karolo ya [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la Mafelo a Tiro ya Pleistocene a Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1723 "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa"]. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabongwe, 2026.</ref> == Tlhaloso == Logaga lwa Sibudu ke lefelo la tshireletso la matlapa, le le mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le 40 kwa bokone jwa toropo ya Durban le dikilometara di ka nna 15 kwa teng ga naga, gaufi le toropo ya Tongaat. E mo lefikeng le le tlhomameng, le le nang le dikgwa le le lebileng WSW le le lebileng Noka ya Tongati mo lefelong le jaanong e leng tshimo ya ntšhi. Lefelo la tshireletso le ne la bopiwa ke go rema ga kgogolego ga Noka ya Tongati, e jaanong e leng 10 m (33 ft) ka fa tlase ga lefelo la tshireletso. Bodilo jwa yone bo boleele jwa dimetara di le 55, le bophara jwa dimetara di ka nna 18.[1] E na le kokoanyo e kgolo ya dipeeletso tsa Motlha wa Leje la Bogare tse di bolokilweng sentle ka tlhago le tse di beilweng letlha ka nepo go dirisiwa luminescence e e tlhotlhelediwang ke leitlho.[1] Dipatlisiso tsa ntlha morago ga go ribololwa ga yone ka 1983 di ne tsa dirwa ke Aron Mazel wa Musiamo wa Natal (tiro e e sa gatisiwang).[10] Lyn Wadley wa Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand o ne a simolola go epa gape ka Lwetse 1998. [[Setshwantsho:10.1371.journal.pone.0098359.g002.jpg|thumb|Pono ya lefelo le le epiwang mo teng ga lefelo la tshireletso ya matlapa.]] == Bonno == Go nniwa ga kwa Sibudu go kgaogantswe ka pele ga Still Bay, [[Still Bay]] (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bobedi–dikete tse masome a supa le motso tse di fetileng), [[Howiesons Poort]] (pele ga dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a marataro le motso tse di fetileng), morago ga Howiesons Poort (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a matlhano le boferabongwe le sephatlo tse di fetileng), morago ga nako (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mane le bosupa, makgolo a supa tse di fetileng), le phase ya bofelo ya Middle Stone Age (dingwaga tse dikete tse masome a mararo le boferabobedi, makgolo a marataro tse di fitileng). Go ne go na le diphatlha tsa tiro tsa dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse some magareng ga morago ga Howiesons Poort le kgato ya bofelo ya [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]], le dipaka tsa bofelo le tsa bofelofelo tsa Letlapa la Bogare. Go ne go sena tiro ya [[Motlha wa Letlapa wa Bofelo]], le fa go ne go na le tiro ya [[Motlha wa Tshipi]] mo e ka nnang ka 1000 B.C. Bosupi bo supa fa tse e ne e le dipaka tsa komelelo mme lefelo la tshireletso le ne le nniwa fela ka nako ya maemo a loapi a a metsi.<ref>Jacobs, Z; Wintle, AG; Duller, GAT; Roberts, RG; Wadley, L (2008). "New ages for the post-Howiesons Poort, late and final Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''35''': 1790–1807. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.017|10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.017]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Sibudu cave KZN 01.JPG|thumb|Pono ya tshireletso ya matlapa mo lefikeng la motlhaba.]] [[Setshwantsho:10.1371 journal.pone.0098359.g003.jpg|thumb|Didiriswa tsa matlapa go tswa mo logageng.]] == Thekenoloji == == Metswedi == llbzpozrdykl4lj7flqm3l25q73cl1g 54692 54691 2026-09-09T14:30:03Z KatieKea 10150 /* Thekenoloji */ Ke okeditse tlhanolo le go tsenya ditshwantsho 54692 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Logaga lwa Sibudu''' ke tshireletso ya matlapa mo lefikeng la motlhaba kwa bokone jwa [[KwaZulu-Natal]], Aforika Borwa.<ref>Wadley, L; Jacobs, Z (2004). [http://hdl.handle.net/10204/527 "Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal: Background to the excavations of middle stone age and iron age occupations"]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''100''': 145–151. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10204/527|10204/527]].</ref> Ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]] le le neng le tserwe, ka diphatlha dingwe, go tswa dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng go ya go dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mararo le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. Bosupi jwa dingwe tsa dikai tsa ntlha tsa thekenoloji ya segompieno ya batho bo fitlhetswe mo lefelong la tshireletso (le fa marumo a ntlha a a itsiweng a simolotse dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mane tse di fetileng). Bosupi jo bo mo lefelong la tshireletso bo akaretsa motsu wa ntlha wa marapo (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso),<ref name=":0">Backwell, L; d'Errico, F; Wadley, L (2008). "Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''35''' (6): 1566–1580. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JArSc..35.1566B 2008JArSc..35.1566B]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006|10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006]].</ref><ref>Backwell, L; Bradfield, J; Carlson, KJ; Jashashvili, T; Wadley, L; d'Errico, F (2018). [[doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11|"The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave"]]. ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''92''' (362): 289–303. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11|10.15184/aqy.2018.11]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11336/81248|11336/81248]].</ref> le metswi ya ntlha ya matlapa (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le bone),<ref>Lombard M, Phillips L (2010). "Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64,000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa". ''Antiquity''. '''84''' (325): 635–648. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0003598X00100134|10.1017/S0003598X00100134]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162438490 162438490].</ref><ref>Lombard M (2011). "Quartz-tipped arrows older than 60 ka: further use-trace evidence from Sibudu, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''38''' (8): 1918–1930. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JArSc..38.1918L 2011JArSc..38.1918L.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001|10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001]].</ref> nnale wa ntlha (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso tse di fetileng),<ref name=":0" /> tiriso ya ntlha ya kgomaretsi e e tlhakantsweng e e dirilweng ka mogote (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso tse di fetileng),<ref name=":0" /> le sekai sa tiriso ya malao (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng) se ka nako e e rileng e neng e le sekai sa bogologolo se se itsegeng (sekao sa bogologolo go tswa dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mabedi tse di fetileng se sa tswa go ribololwa kwa [[Border Cave]], Aforika Borwa).<ref name=":1">Wadley L, Sievers C, Bamford M, Goldberg P, Berna F, Miller C. (2011). [https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.1213317 Middle Stone Age Bedding Construction and Settlement Patterns at Sibudu, South Africa]. Science 9 December 2011: Vol. 334 no. 6061 pp. 1388–1391. An older example is now known: [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abc7239 "Fire and grass-bedding construction 200 thousand years ago at Border Cave, South Africa"]. ''Science''. '''369''' (6505): 863–866. Bibcode:2020Sci...369..863W. doi:10.1126/science.abc7239. hdl:11336/142827. PMID&#x20;32792402. S2CID&#x20;221113832.</ref> Tiriso ya dikgomaretsi le diphate di kgatlha thata, ka gonne go raraana ga go tlhamiwa le go dirisiwa ga tsone go tlhagisitswe jaaka bosupi jwa go tswelela pele fa gare ga go tlhaloganya ga batho ba pele le ga batho ba segompieno.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Wadley, L; Hodgskiss, T; Grant, M (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700998 "Implications for complex cognition from the hafting of tools with compound adhesives in the Middle Stone Age, South Africa"]. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. '''106''' (24): 9590–9594. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9590W 2009PNAS..106.9590W]. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900957106. PMC&#x20;2700998. PMID&#x20;19433786.</ref><ref>Wynn, T (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2701010 "Hafted spears and the archaeology of mind"]. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. '''106''' (24): 9544–9545. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9544W 2009PNAS..106.9544W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0904369106|10.1073/pnas.0904369106]]. PMC&#x20;2701010. PMID&#x20;19506246.</ref> Ka 2024, Logaga lwa Sibudu lo ne lwa nna karolo ya [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la Mafelo a Tiro ya Pleistocene a Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1723 "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa"]. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabongwe, 2026.</ref> == Tlhaloso == Logaga lwa Sibudu ke lefelo la tshireletso la matlapa, le le mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le 40 kwa bokone jwa toropo ya Durban le dikilometara di ka nna 15 kwa teng ga naga, gaufi le toropo ya Tongaat. E mo lefikeng le le tlhomameng, le le nang le dikgwa le le lebileng WSW le le lebileng Noka ya Tongati mo lefelong le jaanong e leng tshimo ya ntšhi. Lefelo la tshireletso le ne la bopiwa ke go rema ga kgogolego ga Noka ya Tongati, e jaanong e leng 10 m (33 ft) ka fa tlase ga lefelo la tshireletso. Bodilo jwa yone bo boleele jwa dimetara di le 55, le bophara jwa dimetara di ka nna 18.[1] E na le kokoanyo e kgolo ya dipeeletso tsa Motlha wa Leje la Bogare tse di bolokilweng sentle ka tlhago le tse di beilweng letlha ka nepo go dirisiwa luminescence e e tlhotlhelediwang ke leitlho.[1] Dipatlisiso tsa ntlha morago ga go ribololwa ga yone ka 1983 di ne tsa dirwa ke Aron Mazel wa Musiamo wa Natal (tiro e e sa gatisiwang).[10] Lyn Wadley wa Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand o ne a simolola go epa gape ka Lwetse 1998. [[Setshwantsho:10.1371.journal.pone.0098359.g002.jpg|thumb|Pono ya lefelo le le epiwang mo teng ga lefelo la tshireletso ya matlapa.]] == Bonno == Go nniwa ga kwa Sibudu go kgaogantswe ka pele ga Still Bay, [[Still Bay]] (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bobedi–dikete tse masome a supa le motso tse di fetileng), [[Howiesons Poort]] (pele ga dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a marataro le motso tse di fetileng), morago ga Howiesons Poort (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a matlhano le boferabongwe le sephatlo tse di fetileng), morago ga nako (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mane le bosupa, makgolo a supa tse di fetileng), le phase ya bofelo ya Middle Stone Age (dingwaga tse dikete tse masome a mararo le boferabobedi, makgolo a marataro tse di fitileng). Go ne go na le diphatlha tsa tiro tsa dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse some magareng ga morago ga Howiesons Poort le kgato ya bofelo ya [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]], le dipaka tsa bofelo le tsa bofelofelo tsa Letlapa la Bogare. Go ne go sena tiro ya [[Motlha wa Letlapa wa Bofelo]], le fa go ne go na le tiro ya [[Motlha wa Tshipi]] mo e ka nnang ka 1000 B.C. Bosupi bo supa fa tse e ne e le dipaka tsa komelelo mme lefelo la tshireletso le ne le nniwa fela ka nako ya maemo a loapi a a metsi.<ref>Jacobs, Z; Wintle, AG; Duller, GAT; Roberts, RG; Wadley, L (2008). "New ages for the post-Howiesons Poort, late and final Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''35''': 1790–1807. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.017|10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.017]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Sibudu cave KZN 01.JPG|thumb|Pono ya tshireletso ya matlapa mo lefikeng la motlhaba.]] [[Setshwantsho:10.1371 journal.pone.0098359.g003.jpg|thumb|Didiriswa tsa matlapa go tswa mo logageng.]] == Thekenoloji == Tiro ya pele ga Still Bay e ne e na le madirelo a a theilweng mo di-[[lithic flake]] mme e ne e dira didirisiwa di le mmalwa. Go nna ga Still Bay, mo godimo ga di-flake tse di ntseng jalo, go ne ga dira didirisiwa le [[dintlha]] [[tsa difatlhego tse pedi]].<ref>Wadley, L (June 2007). "Announcing a Still Bay industry at Sibudu Cave, South Africa". ''J. Hum. Evol''. '''52''' (6): 681–9. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JHumE..52..681W 2007JHumE..52..681W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.002|10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.002]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17337038 17337038].</ref> Tshekatsheko ya tiriso ya motlhala mo dintlheng tsa dintlha e fitlhela bosupi jwa dikgomaretsi tsa motswako mo metheong ya tsone fa di kileng tsa bo di tlhomilwe mo diphaposing.<ref>Lombard, M (2006). [http://www.sabinet.co.za/abstracts/nmsa_sah/nmsa_sah_v18_n1_a2.html "First impressions on the functions and hafting technology of Still Bay pointed artefacts from Sibudu Cave"]. ''S Afr Hum''. '''18''': 27–41.</ref> Go fitlhetswe dikai tse di farologaneng tsa thekenoloji ya bogologolo ya batho: * Ntlha ya lerapo, tlhogo ya motsu e e ka nnang teng e e kgarameletsang kwa morago tshimologo ya thekenoloji ya bora le motsu wa lerapo go ya kwa dingwageng di le 61 000 tse di fetileng, bonnye dingwaga di le 20 000 go feta sekai sa ntlha se se fetileng;<ref name=":0" /> * Nale ya ntlha e e itsiweng ya marapo, ya dingwaga di le 61,000 tse di fetileng, e e nang le go onala go go tshwanang le go go fitlhelwang mo dinaleteng tsa marapo tse di dirisiwang go phunya letlalo la diphologolo;<ref name=":0" /> * Sekao sa ntlha sa sekgomaretsi se se kopantsweng (plant gum le red ochre), se se dirisiwang go tlhoma dintlha tsa matlapa mo ditshwarong tsa logong go dira marumo — se se kwadilweng dingwaga di le 71 000 tse di fetileng;<ref name=":0" /> le * Dipheta tsa dikgapetla, le fa e le tsa letlha la bošeng go feta tse di fitlhetsweng kwa logageng lwa Blombos (dingwaga di le 71000 tse di fetileng mo dipheteng tsa Sibudu, fa di bapisiwa le dingwaga di le 75,000 tse di fetileng mo go tse di kwa Blombos);[14][15] * Sekao sa tiriso ya malao, se se simolotseng dingwaga di ka nna 77,000 tse di fetileng, ka Cape laurel e dirisiwa mo godimo, gongwe ka ntlha ya dithoto tsa yona tsa go bolaya ditshenekegi;<ref name=":1" /> * Tiriso ya ntlha ya mashi (casein) jaaka setshwaraganyi sa pente mo motswakong wa mashi-okere (dingwaga di le 49,000 tse di fetileng).[16] * Maungo a a omisitsweng, dipeo tse di nang le khabone le tse di senang khabone (dipeo tse di senang khabone di na le Antidesma venosum, Croton sylvaticus, Bridelia micrantha, le tse dingwe tse dintsi) le manoko di ne tsa fitlhelwa kwa Logageng lwa Sibudu lo lo leng lwa Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare, go tloga ka dingwaga di feta 60 tse di fetileng go fitlha ka dingwaga di ka nna 60 tse di fetileng. Dimela tsa malao di ne di na le sedge le di-monocotyledon tse dingwe tse di neng di tsentswe matlhare a a nkgang monate a a nang le dikhemikhale tsa tlholego tse di bolayang ditshenekegi le dibokwana. Matlhare otlhe a ne a tswa kwa Cape laurel (Cryptocarya woodii) e, fa e thubilwe, e leng monkomonate mme e na le metlhala ya α-pyrones, cryptofolione, le goniothalamin, dikhemikhale tse di nang le dithoto tsa go bolaya ditshenekegi le go bolaya dibokwana kgatlhanong le, sekai, menang. Mefuta ya Cryptocarya e santse e dirisiwa thata mo melemong ya setso. == Metswedi == 74cu722jm3wv5dbegyzulkrgx1kl5c0 54694 54692 2026-09-09T15:08:39Z KatieKea 10150 Ke baakantse tlhanolo. 54694 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Logaga lwa Sibudu''' ke tshireletso ya matlapa mo lefikeng la motlhaba kwa bokone jwa [[KwaZulu-Natal]], Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":2">Wadley, L; Jacobs, Z (2004). [http://hdl.handle.net/10204/527 "Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal: Background to the excavations of middle stone age and iron age occupations"]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''100''': 145–151. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10204/527|10204/527]].</ref> Ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]] le le neng le tserwe, ka diphatlha dingwe, go tswa dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng go ya go dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mararo le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. Bosupi jwa dingwe tsa dikai tsa ntlha tsa thekenoloji ya segompieno ya batho bo fitlhetswe mo lefelong la tshireletso (le fa marumo a ntlha a a itsiweng a simolotse dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mane tse di fetileng). Bosupi jo bo mo lefelong la tshireletso bo akaretsa motsu wa ntlha wa marapo (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso),<ref name=":0">Backwell, L; d'Errico, F; Wadley, L (2008). "Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''35''' (6): 1566–1580. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JArSc..35.1566B 2008JArSc..35.1566B]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006|10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006]].</ref><ref>Backwell, L; Bradfield, J; Carlson, KJ; Jashashvili, T; Wadley, L; d'Errico, F (2018). [[doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11|"The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave"]]. ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''92''' (362): 289–303. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11|10.15184/aqy.2018.11]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11336/81248|11336/81248]].</ref> le metswi ya ntlha ya matlapa (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le bone),<ref>Lombard M, Phillips L (2010). "Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64,000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa". ''Antiquity''. '''84''' (325): 635–648. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0003598X00100134|10.1017/S0003598X00100134]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162438490 162438490].</ref><ref>Lombard M (2011). "Quartz-tipped arrows older than 60 ka: further use-trace evidence from Sibudu, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''38''' (8): 1918–1930. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JArSc..38.1918L 2011JArSc..38.1918L.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001|10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001]].</ref> nnale wa ntlha (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso tse di fetileng),<ref name=":0" /> tiriso ya ntlha ya kgomaretsi e e tlhakantsweng e e dirilweng ka mogote (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso tse di fetileng),<ref name=":0" /> le sekai sa tiriso ya malao (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng) se ka nako e e rileng e neng e le sekai sa bogologolo se se itsegeng (sekao sa bogologolo go tswa dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mabedi tse di fetileng se sa tswa go ribololwa kwa [[Border Cave]], Aforika Borwa).<ref name=":1">Wadley L, Sievers C, Bamford M, Goldberg P, Berna F, Miller C. (2011). [https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.1213317 Middle Stone Age Bedding Construction and Settlement Patterns at Sibudu, South Africa]. Science 9 December 2011: Vol. 334 no. 6061 pp. 1388–1391. An older example is now known: [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abc7239 "Fire and grass-bedding construction 200 thousand years ago at Border Cave, South Africa"]. ''Science''. '''369''' (6505): 863–866. Bibcode:2020Sci...369..863W. doi:10.1126/science.abc7239. hdl:11336/142827. PMID&#x20;32792402. S2CID&#x20;221113832.</ref> Tiriso ya dikgomaretsi le diphate di kgatlha thata, ka gonne go raraana ga go tlhamiwa le go dirisiwa ga tsone go tlhagisitswe jaaka bosupi jwa go tswelela pele fa gare ga go tlhaloganya ga batho ba pele le ga batho ba segompieno.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Wadley, L; Hodgskiss, T; Grant, M (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700998 "Implications for complex cognition from the hafting of tools with compound adhesives in the Middle Stone Age, South Africa"]. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. '''106''' (24): 9590–9594. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9590W 2009PNAS..106.9590W]. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900957106. PMC&#x20;2700998. PMID&#x20;19433786.</ref><ref>Wynn, T (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2701010 "Hafted spears and the archaeology of mind"]. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. '''106''' (24): 9544–9545. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9544W 2009PNAS..106.9544W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0904369106|10.1073/pnas.0904369106]]. PMC&#x20;2701010. PMID&#x20;19506246.</ref> Ka 2024, Logaga lwa Sibudu lo ne lwa nna karolo ya [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la Mafelo a Tiro ya Pleistocene a Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1723 "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa"]. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabongwe, 2026.</ref> == Tlhaloso == Logaga lwa Sibudu ke lefelo la tshireletso la matlapa, le le mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mane kwa bokone jwa toropo ya [[Durban]] le dikilometara di ka nna lesome le botlhano kwa teng ga naga, gaufi le toropo ya [[Tongaat]]. E mo lefikeng le le tlhomameng, le le nang le dikgwa le le lebileng WSW le le lebileng Noka ya Tongati mo lefelong le jaanong e leng tshimo ya sukiri. Lefelo la tshireletso le ne la bopiwa ke go rema ga kgogolego ga Noka ya Tongati, e jaanong e leng 10 m (33 ft) ka fa tlase ga lefelo la tshireletso. Bodilo jwa yone bo boleele jwa dimetara di le masome matlhano le botlhano, le bophara jwa dimetara di ka nna lesome le boferabobedi.<ref name=":2" /> E na le kokoanyo e kgolo ya dipeeletso tsa [[Motlha wa Leje la Bogare]] tse di bolokilweng sentle ka tlhago le tse di beilweng letlha ka nepo go dirisiwa [[luminescence e e tlhotlhelediwang ke leitlho]].<ref name=":2" /> Dipatlisiso tsa ntlha morago ga go ribololwa ga yone ka 1983 di ne tsa dirwa ke Aron Mazel wa Motlobo wa ditso wa Natal (tiro e e sa gatisiwang).<ref>Wadley L. (2001).[http://web.wits.ac.za/NR/rdonlyres/71661A97-BDA3-491A-8652-B99BEF4C4DA3/0/LaueTurkingtonSmith2001PresentingSouthAfricanRock.pdf [Excavations at Sibudu Cave, Kwazulu-Natal]<sup>&#x5B;''permanent dead link''&#x5D;</sup>, The Digging Stick, 18, Dec, (3) 1–7.</ref> [[Lyn Wadley]] wa [[Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand]] o ne a simolola go epa gape ka Lwetse 1998. [[Setshwantsho:10.1371.journal.pone.0098359.g002.jpg|thumb|Pono ya lefelo le le epiwang mo teng ga lefelo la tshireletso ya matlapa.]] == Bonno == Go nniwa ga kwa Sibudu go kgaogantswe ka pele ga Still Bay, [[Still Bay]] (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bobedi–dikete tse masome a supa le motso tse di fetileng), [[Howiesons Poort]] (pele ga dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a marataro le motso tse di fetileng), morago ga Howiesons Poort (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a matlhano le boferabongwe le sephatlo tse di fetileng), morago ga nako (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mane le bosupa, makgolo a supa tse di fetileng), le phase ya bofelo ya Middle Stone Age (dingwaga tse dikete tse masome a mararo le boferabobedi, makgolo a marataro tse di fitileng). Go ne go na le diphatlha tsa tiro tsa dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse some magareng ga morago ga Howiesons Poort le kgato ya bofelo ya [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]], le dipaka tsa bofelo le tsa bofelofelo tsa Letlapa la Bogare. Go ne go sena tiro ya [[Motlha wa Letlapa wa Bofelo]], le fa go ne go na le tiro ya [[Motlha wa Tshipi]] mo e ka nnang ka 1000 B.C. Bosupi bo supa fa tse e ne e le dipaka tsa komelelo mme lefelo la tshireletso le ne le nniwa fela ka nako ya maemo a loapi a a metsi.<ref>Jacobs, Z; Wintle, AG; Duller, GAT; Roberts, RG; Wadley, L (2008). "New ages for the post-Howiesons Poort, late and final Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''35''': 1790–1807. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.017|10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.017]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Sibudu cave KZN 01.JPG|thumb|Pono ya tshireletso ya matlapa mo lefikeng la motlhaba.]] [[Setshwantsho:10.1371 journal.pone.0098359.g003.jpg|thumb|Didiriswa tsa matlapa go tswa mo logageng.]] == Thekenoloji == Tiro ya pele ga Still Bay e ne e na le madirelo a a theilweng mo di-[[lithic flake]] mme e ne e dira didirisiwa di le mmalwa. Go nna ga Still Bay, mo godimo ga di-flake tse di ntseng jalo, go ne ga dira didirisiwa le [[dintlha]] [[tsa difatlhego tse pedi]].<ref>Wadley, L (June 2007). "Announcing a Still Bay industry at Sibudu Cave, South Africa". ''J. Hum. Evol''. '''52''' (6): 681–9. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JHumE..52..681W 2007JHumE..52..681W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.002|10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.002]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17337038 17337038].</ref> Tshekatsheko ya tiriso ya motlhala mo dintlheng tsa dintlha e fitlhela bosupi jwa dikgomaretsi tsa motswako mo metheong ya tsone fa di kileng tsa bo di tlhomilwe mo diphaposing.<ref>Lombard, M (2006). [http://www.sabinet.co.za/abstracts/nmsa_sah/nmsa_sah_v18_n1_a2.html "First impressions on the functions and hafting technology of Still Bay pointed artefacts from Sibudu Cave"]. ''S Afr Hum''. '''18''': 27–41.</ref> Go fitlhetswe dikai tse di farologaneng tsa thekenoloji ya bogologolo ya batho: * Ntlha ya lerapo, [[tlhogo ya motsu]] e e ka nnang teng e e kgarameletsang kwa morago tshimologo ya thekenoloji ya bora le motsu wa lerapo go ya kwa dingwageng di le dikete tse masome a marataro le motso tse di fetileng, bonnye dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mabedi go feta sekai sa ntlha se se fetileng;<ref name=":0" /> * [[Nnale]] wa ntlha yo o itsiweng wa marapo, wa dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a marataro le motso tse di fetileng, e e nang le go onala mo go tshwanang le mo go fitlhelwang mo bonnaleng ba marapo ba ba dirisiwang go phunya [[letlalo]] la diphologolo;<ref name=":0" /> * Sekai sa ntlha sa sekgomaretsi se se kopantsweng ([[borokhu jwa setlhare]] le red [[ochre]]), se se dirisiwang go tlhoma dintlha tsa matlapa mo ditshwarong tsa logong go dira marumo — se se kwadilweng dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le motso tse di fetileng;<ref name=":0" /> le * Dibaga tsa dikgapetla, le fa e le tsa letlha la bosheng go feta tse di fitlhetsweng kwa [[Logaga la Blombos|logageng lwa Blombos]] (dingwaga di le masome a supa le motso tse di fetileng mo dibageng tsa Sibudu, fa di bapisiwa le dingwaga di le masome a supa le botlhano tse di fetileng mo go tse di kwa Blombos);<ref>d'Errico, F; Vanhaeren, M; Wadley, L (2008). "Possible shell beads from the Middle Stone Age layers of Sibudu Cave, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''35''' (10): 2675–2685. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JArSc..35.2675D 2008JArSc..35.2675D]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.023|10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.023]].</ref><ref>d'Errico, F; Henshilwood, C; Vanhaeren, M; van Niekerk, K (January 2005). "Nassarius kraussianus shell beads from Blombos Cave: evidence for symbolic behaviour in the Middle Stone Age". ''J. Hum. Evol''. '''48''' (1): 3–24. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JHumE..48....3D 2005JHumE..48....3D]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.09.002|10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.09.002]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15656934 15656934].</ref> * Sekai sa tiriso ya malao, se se simolotseng dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng, ka [[Cape laurel]] e dirisiwa mo godimo, gongwe ka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa yone jwa go bolaya ditshidinyana;<ref name=":1" /> * Tiriso ya ntlha ya mashi ([[casein]]) jaaka setshwaraganyi sa pente mo motswakong wa milk-ochre (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mane le boferabongwe tse di fetileng).<ref>Villa, Paola; et&#x20;al. (30 June 2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488428 "A Milk and Ochre Paint Mixture Used 49,000 Years Ago at Sibudu, South Africa"]. ''[[:en:PLOS_One|PLOS One]]''. '''10''' (6) e0131273. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1031273V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131273. PMC&#x20;4488428. PMID&#x20;26125562.</ref> * Maungo a a omisitsweng, dipeo tse di nang le carbon le tse di senang carbon (dipeo tse di senang carbon di na le ''[[Antidesma]] venosum'', ''[[Croton sylvaticus]]'', ''[[Bridelia micrantha]]'', le tse dingwe tse dintsi) le manoko di ne tsa fitlhelwa kwa Logageng lwa Sibudu lo lo leng lwa [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]], go tloga ka dingwaga di feta masome a marataro tse di fetileng go fitlha ka dingwaga di ka nna masome a mararo le bosupa tse di fetileng.<ref>Sievers, Christine (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281600560 "Seeds from the Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave"]. ''Southern African Humanities''. '''18''' (1): 203–222. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/EJC84764|10520/EJC84764]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1681-5564 1681-5564].</ref> Dimela tsa malao di ne di na le [[sedge]] le di-[[monocotyledon]] tse dingwe tse di neng di tsentswe matlhare a a nkgang monate a a nang le dikhemikhale tsa tlholego tse di bolayang ditshedinyana le dibokwana. Matlhare otlhe a ne a tswa kwa Cape laurel (''[[Cryptocarya woodii]]'') e, fa e thubilwe, e leng monkomonate mme e na le metlhala ya α-[[pyrones]], [[cryptofolione]], le [[goniothalamin]], dikhemikhale tse di nang le bokgoni jwa go bolaya ditshidinyana le go bolaya dibokwana kgatlhanong le, sekai, menang. Mefuta ya ''[[Cryptocarya]]'' e santse e dirisiwa thata mo melemong ya setso. == Metswedi == gpzi44681whjni6q11v8l9tlfyly4ek 54695 54694 2026-09-09T15:19:16Z KatieKea 10150 /* Thekenoloji */ Ke okeditse tlhanolo le metswedi. 54695 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Logaga lwa Sibudu''' ke tshireletso ya matlapa mo lefikeng la motlhaba kwa bokone jwa [[KwaZulu-Natal]], Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":2">Wadley, L; Jacobs, Z (2004). [http://hdl.handle.net/10204/527 "Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal: Background to the excavations of middle stone age and iron age occupations"]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''100''': 145–151. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10204/527|10204/527]].</ref> Ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]] le le neng le tserwe, ka diphatlha dingwe, go tswa dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng go ya go dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mararo le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. Bosupi jwa dingwe tsa dikai tsa ntlha tsa thekenoloji ya segompieno ya batho bo fitlhetswe mo lefelong la tshireletso (le fa marumo a ntlha a a itsiweng a simolotse dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mane tse di fetileng). Bosupi jo bo mo lefelong la tshireletso bo akaretsa motsu wa ntlha wa marapo (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso),<ref name=":0">Backwell, L; d'Errico, F; Wadley, L (2008). "Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''35''' (6): 1566–1580. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JArSc..35.1566B 2008JArSc..35.1566B]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006|10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006]].</ref><ref>Backwell, L; Bradfield, J; Carlson, KJ; Jashashvili, T; Wadley, L; d'Errico, F (2018). [[doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11|"The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave"]]. ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''92''' (362): 289–303. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11|10.15184/aqy.2018.11]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11336/81248|11336/81248]].</ref> le metswi ya ntlha ya matlapa (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le bone),<ref>Lombard M, Phillips L (2010). "Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64,000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa". ''Antiquity''. '''84''' (325): 635–648. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0003598X00100134|10.1017/S0003598X00100134]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162438490 162438490].</ref><ref>Lombard M (2011). "Quartz-tipped arrows older than 60 ka: further use-trace evidence from Sibudu, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''38''' (8): 1918–1930. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JArSc..38.1918L 2011JArSc..38.1918L.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001|10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001]].</ref> nnale wa ntlha (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso tse di fetileng),<ref name=":0" /> tiriso ya ntlha ya kgomaretsi e e tlhakantsweng e e dirilweng ka mogote (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso tse di fetileng),<ref name=":0" /> le sekai sa tiriso ya malao (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng) se ka nako e e rileng e neng e le sekai sa bogologolo se se itsegeng (sekao sa bogologolo go tswa dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mabedi tse di fetileng se sa tswa go ribololwa kwa [[Border Cave]], Aforika Borwa).<ref name=":1">Wadley L, Sievers C, Bamford M, Goldberg P, Berna F, Miller C. (2011). [https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.1213317 Middle Stone Age Bedding Construction and Settlement Patterns at Sibudu, South Africa]. Science 9 December 2011: Vol. 334 no. 6061 pp. 1388–1391. An older example is now known: [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abc7239 "Fire and grass-bedding construction 200 thousand years ago at Border Cave, South Africa"]. ''Science''. '''369''' (6505): 863–866. Bibcode:2020Sci...369..863W. doi:10.1126/science.abc7239. hdl:11336/142827. PMID&#x20;32792402. S2CID&#x20;221113832.</ref> Tiriso ya dikgomaretsi le diphate di kgatlha thata, ka gonne go raraana ga go tlhamiwa le go dirisiwa ga tsone go tlhagisitswe jaaka bosupi jwa go tswelela pele fa gare ga go tlhaloganya ga batho ba pele le ga batho ba segompieno.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">Wadley, L; Hodgskiss, T; Grant, M (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700998 "Implications for complex cognition from the hafting of tools with compound adhesives in the Middle Stone Age, South Africa"]. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. '''106''' (24): 9590–9594. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9590W 2009PNAS..106.9590W]. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900957106. PMC&#x20;2700998. PMID&#x20;19433786.</ref><ref>Wynn, T (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2701010 "Hafted spears and the archaeology of mind"]. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. '''106''' (24): 9544–9545. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9544W 2009PNAS..106.9544W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0904369106|10.1073/pnas.0904369106]]. PMC&#x20;2701010. PMID&#x20;19506246.</ref> Ka 2024, Logaga lwa Sibudu lo ne lwa nna karolo ya [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la Mafelo a Tiro ya Pleistocene a Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1723 "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa"]. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabongwe, 2026.</ref> == Tlhaloso == Logaga lwa Sibudu ke lefelo la tshireletso la matlapa, le le mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mane kwa bokone jwa toropo ya [[Durban]] le dikilometara di ka nna lesome le botlhano kwa teng ga naga, gaufi le toropo ya [[Tongaat]]. E mo lefikeng le le tlhomameng, le le nang le dikgwa le le lebileng WSW le le lebileng Noka ya Tongati mo lefelong le jaanong e leng tshimo ya sukiri. Lefelo la tshireletso le ne la bopiwa ke go rema ga kgogolego ga Noka ya Tongati, e jaanong e leng 10 m (33 ft) ka fa tlase ga lefelo la tshireletso. Bodilo jwa yone bo boleele jwa dimetara di le masome matlhano le botlhano, le bophara jwa dimetara di ka nna lesome le boferabobedi.<ref name=":2" /> E na le kokoanyo e kgolo ya dipeeletso tsa [[Motlha wa Leje la Bogare]] tse di bolokilweng sentle ka tlhago le tse di beilweng letlha ka nepo go dirisiwa [[luminescence e e tlhotlhelediwang ke leitlho]].<ref name=":2" /> Dipatlisiso tsa ntlha morago ga go ribololwa ga yone ka 1983 di ne tsa dirwa ke Aron Mazel wa Motlobo wa ditso wa Natal (tiro e e sa gatisiwang).<ref>Wadley L. (2001).[http://web.wits.ac.za/NR/rdonlyres/71661A97-BDA3-491A-8652-B99BEF4C4DA3/0/LaueTurkingtonSmith2001PresentingSouthAfricanRock.pdf [Excavations at Sibudu Cave, Kwazulu-Natal]<sup>&#x5B;''permanent dead link''&#x5D;</sup>, The Digging Stick, 18, Dec, (3) 1–7.</ref> [[Lyn Wadley]] wa [[Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand]] o ne a simolola go epa gape ka Lwetse 1998. [[Setshwantsho:10.1371.journal.pone.0098359.g002.jpg|thumb|Pono ya lefelo le le epiwang mo teng ga lefelo la tshireletso ya matlapa.]] == Bonno == Go nniwa ga kwa Sibudu go kgaogantswe ka pele ga Still Bay, [[Still Bay]] (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bobedi–dikete tse masome a supa le motso tse di fetileng), [[Howiesons Poort]] (pele ga dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a marataro le motso tse di fetileng), morago ga Howiesons Poort (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a matlhano le boferabongwe le sephatlo tse di fetileng), morago ga nako (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mane le bosupa, makgolo a supa tse di fetileng), le phase ya bofelo ya Middle Stone Age (dingwaga tse dikete tse masome a mararo le boferabobedi, makgolo a marataro tse di fitileng). Go ne go na le diphatlha tsa tiro tsa dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse some magareng ga morago ga Howiesons Poort le kgato ya bofelo ya [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]], le dipaka tsa bofelo le tsa bofelofelo tsa Letlapa la Bogare. Go ne go sena tiro ya [[Motlha wa Letlapa wa Bofelo]], le fa go ne go na le tiro ya [[Motlha wa Tshipi]] mo e ka nnang ka 1000 B.C. Bosupi bo supa fa tse e ne e le dipaka tsa komelelo mme lefelo la tshireletso le ne le nniwa fela ka nako ya maemo a loapi a a metsi.<ref>Jacobs, Z; Wintle, AG; Duller, GAT; Roberts, RG; Wadley, L (2008). "New ages for the post-Howiesons Poort, late and final Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''35''': 1790–1807. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.017|10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.017]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Sibudu cave KZN 01.JPG|thumb|Pono ya tshireletso ya matlapa mo lefikeng la motlhaba.]] [[Setshwantsho:10.1371 journal.pone.0098359.g003.jpg|thumb|Didiriswa tsa matlapa go tswa mo logageng.]] == Thekenoloji == Tiro ya pele ga Still Bay e ne e na le madirelo a a theilweng mo di-[[lithic flake]] mme e ne e dira didirisiwa di le mmalwa. Go nna ga Still Bay, mo godimo ga di-flake tse di ntseng jalo, go ne ga dira didirisiwa le [[dintlha]] [[tsa difatlhego tse pedi]].<ref>Wadley, L (June 2007). "Announcing a Still Bay industry at Sibudu Cave, South Africa". ''J. Hum. Evol''. '''52''' (6): 681–9. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JHumE..52..681W 2007JHumE..52..681W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.002|10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.002]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17337038 17337038].</ref> Tshekatsheko ya tiriso ya motlhala mo dintlheng tsa dintlha e fitlhela bosupi jwa dikgomaretsi tsa motswako mo metheong ya tsone fa di kileng tsa bo di tlhomilwe mo diphaposing.<ref>Lombard, M (2006). [http://www.sabinet.co.za/abstracts/nmsa_sah/nmsa_sah_v18_n1_a2.html "First impressions on the functions and hafting technology of Still Bay pointed artefacts from Sibudu Cave"]. ''S Afr Hum''. '''18''': 27–41.</ref> Go fitlhetswe dikai tse di farologaneng tsa thekenoloji ya bogologolo ya batho: * Ntlha ya lerapo, [[tlhogo ya motsu]] e e ka nnang teng e e kgarameletsang kwa morago tshimologo ya thekenoloji ya bora le motsu wa lerapo go ya kwa dingwageng di le dikete tse masome a marataro le motso tse di fetileng, bonnye dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mabedi go feta sekai sa ntlha se se fetileng;<ref name=":0" /> * [[Nnale]] wa ntlha yo o itsiweng wa marapo, wa dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a marataro le motso tse di fetileng, e e nang le go onala mo go tshwanang le mo go fitlhelwang mo bonnaleng ba marapo ba ba dirisiwang go phunya [[letlalo]] la diphologolo;<ref name=":0" /> * Sekai sa ntlha sa sekgomaretsi se se kopantsweng ([[borokhu jwa setlhare]] le red [[ochre]]), se se dirisiwang go tlhoma dintlha tsa matlapa mo ditshwarong tsa logong go dira marumo — se se kwadilweng dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le motso tse di fetileng;<ref name=":0" /> le * Dibaga tsa dikgapetla, le fa e le tsa letlha la bosheng go feta tse di fitlhetsweng kwa [[Logaga la Blombos|logageng lwa Blombos]] (dingwaga di le masome a supa le motso tse di fetileng mo dibageng tsa Sibudu, fa di bapisiwa le dingwaga di le masome a supa le botlhano tse di fetileng mo go tse di kwa Blombos);<ref>d'Errico, F; Vanhaeren, M; Wadley, L (2008). "Possible shell beads from the Middle Stone Age layers of Sibudu Cave, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''35''' (10): 2675–2685. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JArSc..35.2675D 2008JArSc..35.2675D]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.023|10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.023]].</ref><ref>d'Errico, F; Henshilwood, C; Vanhaeren, M; van Niekerk, K (January 2005). "Nassarius kraussianus shell beads from Blombos Cave: evidence for symbolic behaviour in the Middle Stone Age". ''J. Hum. Evol''. '''48''' (1): 3–24. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JHumE..48....3D 2005JHumE..48....3D]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.09.002|10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.09.002]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15656934 15656934].</ref> * Sekai sa tiriso ya malao, se se simolotseng dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng, ka [[Cape laurel]] e dirisiwa mo godimo, gongwe ka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa yone jwa go bolaya ditshidinyana;<ref name=":1" /> * Tiriso ya ntlha ya mashi ([[casein]]) jaaka setshwaraganyi sa pente mo motswakong wa milk-ochre (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mane le boferabongwe tse di fetileng).<ref>Villa, Paola; et&#x20;al. (30 June 2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488428 "A Milk and Ochre Paint Mixture Used 49,000 Years Ago at Sibudu, South Africa"]. ''[[:en:PLOS_One|PLOS One]]''. '''10''' (6) e0131273. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1031273V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131273. PMC&#x20;4488428. PMID&#x20;26125562.</ref> * Maungo a a omisitsweng, dipeo tse di nang le carbon le tse di senang carbon (dipeo tse di senang carbon di na le ''[[Antidesma]] venosum'', ''[[Croton sylvaticus]]'', ''[[Bridelia micrantha]]'', le tse dingwe tse dintsi) le manoko di ne tsa fitlhelwa kwa Logageng lwa Sibudu lo lo leng lwa [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]], go tloga ka dingwaga di feta masome a marataro tse di fetileng go fitlha ka dingwaga di ka nna masome a mararo le bosupa tse di fetileng.<ref>Sievers, Christine (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281600560 "Seeds from the Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave"]. ''Southern African Humanities''. '''18''' (1): 203–222. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/EJC84764|10520/EJC84764]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1681-5564 1681-5564].</ref> Dimela tsa malao di ne di na le [[sedge]] le di-[[monocotyledon]] tse dingwe tse di neng di tsentswe matlhare a a nkgang monate a a nang le dikhemikhale tsa tlholego tse di bolayang ditshedinyana le dibokwana. Matlhare otlhe a ne a tswa kwa Cape laurel (''[[Cryptocarya woodii]]'') e, fa e thubilwe, e leng monkomonate mme e na le metlhala ya α-[[pyrones]], [[cryptofolione]], le [[goniothalamin]], dikhemikhale tse di nang le bokgoni jwa go bolaya ditshidinyana le go bolaya dibokwana kgatlhanong le, sekai, menang. Mefuta ya ''[[Cryptocarya]]'' e santse e dirisiwa thata mo melemong ya setso. Go nniwa ga Howiesons Poort e ne e dira didirisiwa tsa [[legare]]. Dikgare tseno di bopilwe jaaka karolo ya namune, ka ntlha e e bogale e e segang mo letlhakoreng le le tlhamaletseng le mokwatla o o motlhofo le o o obegileng ka bomo. Tseno di ne di gokeletswe mo diphaposing kgotsa mo ditshwarong ka go dirisa sekgomaretsi sa ochre le sa dimela kgotsa mafura a a tlhakantsweng le dilo tsa dimela.<ref name=":3" /> Dikarolo gantsi di ne di dirwa ka ntlha e e segang mo boleeleng jotlhe jwa tsone, se se neng se tlhoka gore di kgomarediwe mo ditlhakong tsa tsone kwantle ga thapo mme ka jalo, go ne go tlhokega sekgomaretsi se se nonofileng se se kgomarelang.<ref name=":4">Wadley, L; Hodgkiss, T; Grant, M (2009). [http://www.pnas.org/content/suppl/2009/05/11/0900957106.DCSupplemental/0900957106SI.pdf#nameddest=STXT "Supporting Information for Implications for complex cognition from the hafting of tools with compound adhesives in the Middle Stone Age, South Africa"] (PDF). ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. '''106''' (24): 9590–9594. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9590W 2009PNAS..106.9590W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0900957106|10.1073/pnas.0900957106]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700998 2700998]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19433786 19433786].</ref> Dintlha di ne di dirisiwa mo pakeng morago ga Howiesons Poort e le dibetsa tsa go tsoma, jaaka dintlha tsa marumo. Tshekatsheko ya tiriso-motlhala e supa gore bontsi jwa dintlha tseno di ne di tsentswe dikgomaretsi tse di nang le ochre.<ref name=":4" /> == Thutamarope ya tlhaloganyo == Go boeletsa ga go dira didirisiwa tse di nang le dišafote go dirisiwa fela mekgwa le didirisiwa tse di leng teng kwa Sibudu go dirile gore go kgonege go lemoga go raraana ga dithulaganyo tsa dikakanyo tse e neng e di tlhoka. Lerumo la maje le ne le tsenngwa mo logong go dirisiwa sekgomaretsi se se kopantsweng se se dirilweng ka plant gum, red ochre, le go thusa go dira, gongwe go ne ga tsenngwa boka jo bonnye jwa dinotshe, dikarolwana tse di makgwakgwa, kgotsa mafura.[7] Motswako ono wa ntlha o ne o tshwanetse go nna le dilekanyo tse di siameng tsa metswako mme morago ga moo, pele ga go tlhotlhora, o tsene mo kgatong e e laolwang ya kalafi ya mogote. Go thuthafatsa gono go ne go tshwanetse ga tila go bedisa kgotsa go fedisa metsi mo motswakong ono thata, go seng jalo go ne go tla koafatsa mastic e e neng e tla nna teng. Modiri wa yone le ene o ne a tshwanelwa ke go fokotsa botlha jwa yone. Ka go dira diteko tsa go tlhama sekgomaretsi seno sešwa, babatlisisi ba ne ba swetsa ka gore batho ba Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA) kwa Sibudu ba ka bo ba tlhoka ditiro tsa tlhaloganyo tsa maemo a a farologaneng le bokgoni jwa go akanya jo bo sa tlhaloganyesegeng jwa batho ba segompieno go dira seno.[7][8] Bataki ba ba nnang kwa MSA ba tshwanetse ba bo ba ne ba kgona go akanya ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng ka ga dipharologantsho tsa marinini a dimela le ditlhagiswa tsa tshipi tsa tlholego, le fa ba ne ba tlhoka mekgwa ya maitemogelo ya go di lekanya. Dinonofo tsa gum, tse di jaaka go nna metsi, go kgomarela le go tshwaragana, di ne di tsewa mo tlhaloganyong, mme bokao jono bo ne bo bapisiwa le dinonofo tsa ochre, tse di jaaka go oma, go sa gagamala le go tlhoka metsi. Ka nako e le nngwe, motaki o ne a tshwanelwa ke go akanya ka boemo jo bo siameng jwa go tsenya matlapa mo dishafteng.... Le fa boitshwaro jwa segompieno ka botlalo bo lemotshega morago ga nako mo MSA, bosupi jo bo neetsweng fano bo kaya gore batho ba ba neng ba dira dikgomaretsi tse di kopantsweng mo MSA ba ne ba abelana bonnye le batlhatlhami ba bone ba segompieno. 9593. Mo tshwaelong ya patlisiso e go tshitshintswe gore boemong jwa go tlhoma mogopolo mo puong, ka ditiro tse di kgethisang bokgoni jwa go ntsha mabaka mme gape di bonala ka boepi jwa dilo tsa bogologolo, jaaka go shafting, baithutamarope ba mo seemong se se botoka sa go nna le seabe mo go tlhaloganyeng go iphetogela ga tlhaloganyo ya segompieno.[8]ts. 9545. == Metswedi == fb2alkxyzl16fjqw4hb8u2k7ecvz1he 54696 54695 2026-09-09T15:57:49Z KatieKea 10150 ke okeditse tlhanolo, metswedi le go tsenya dikarolo 54696 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Logaga lwa Sibudu''' ke tshireletso ya matlapa mo lefikeng la motlhaba kwa bokone jwa [[KwaZulu-Natal]], Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":2">Wadley, L; Jacobs, Z (2004). [http://hdl.handle.net/10204/527 "Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal: Background to the excavations of middle stone age and iron age occupations"]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''100''': 145–151. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10204/527|10204/527]].</ref> Ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]] le le neng le tserwe, ka diphatlha dingwe, go tswa dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng go ya go dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mararo le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. Bosupi jwa dingwe tsa dikai tsa ntlha tsa thekenoloji ya segompieno ya batho bo fitlhetswe mo lefelong la tshireletso (le fa marumo a ntlha a a itsiweng a simolotse dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mane tse di fetileng). Bosupi jo bo mo lefelong la tshireletso bo akaretsa motsu wa ntlha wa marapo (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso),<ref name=":0">Backwell, L; d'Errico, F; Wadley, L (2008). "Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''35''' (6): 1566–1580. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JArSc..35.1566B 2008JArSc..35.1566B]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006|10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006]].</ref><ref>Backwell, L; Bradfield, J; Carlson, KJ; Jashashvili, T; Wadley, L; d'Errico, F (2018). [[doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11|"The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave"]]. ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''92''' (362): 289–303. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11|10.15184/aqy.2018.11]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11336/81248|11336/81248]].</ref> le metswi ya ntlha ya matlapa (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le bone),<ref>Lombard M, Phillips L (2010). "Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64,000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa". ''Antiquity''. '''84''' (325): 635–648. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0003598X00100134|10.1017/S0003598X00100134]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162438490 162438490].</ref><ref>Lombard M (2011). "Quartz-tipped arrows older than 60 ka: further use-trace evidence from Sibudu, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''38''' (8): 1918–1930. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JArSc..38.1918L 2011JArSc..38.1918L.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001|10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001]].</ref> nnale wa ntlha (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso tse di fetileng),<ref name=":0" /> tiriso ya ntlha ya kgomaretsi e e tlhakantsweng e e dirilweng ka mogote (dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro le motso tse di fetileng),<ref name=":0" /> le sekai sa tiriso ya malao (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng) se ka nako e e rileng e neng e le sekai sa bogologolo se se itsegeng (sekao sa bogologolo go tswa dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mabedi tse di fetileng se sa tswa go ribololwa kwa [[Border Cave]], Aforika Borwa).<ref name=":1">Wadley L, Sievers C, Bamford M, Goldberg P, Berna F, Miller C. (2011). [https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.1213317 Middle Stone Age Bedding Construction and Settlement Patterns at Sibudu, South Africa]. Science 9 December 2011: Vol. 334 no. 6061 pp. 1388–1391. An older example is now known: [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abc7239 "Fire and grass-bedding construction 200 thousand years ago at Border Cave, South Africa"]. ''Science''. '''369''' (6505): 863–866. Bibcode:2020Sci...369..863W. doi:10.1126/science.abc7239. hdl:11336/142827. PMID&#x20;32792402. S2CID&#x20;221113832.</ref> Tiriso ya dikgomaretsi le diphate di kgatlha thata, ka gonne go raraana ga go tlhamiwa le go dirisiwa ga tsone go tlhagisitswe jaaka bosupi jwa go tswelela pele fa gare ga go tlhaloganya ga batho ba pele le ga batho ba segompieno.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">Wadley, L; Hodgskiss, T; Grant, M (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700998 "Implications for complex cognition from the hafting of tools with compound adhesives in the Middle Stone Age, South Africa"]. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. '''106''' (24): 9590–9594. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9590W 2009PNAS..106.9590W]. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900957106. PMC&#x20;2700998. PMID&#x20;19433786.</ref><ref name=":5">Wynn, T (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2701010 "Hafted spears and the archaeology of mind"]. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. '''106''' (24): 9544–9545. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9544W 2009PNAS..106.9544W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0904369106|10.1073/pnas.0904369106]]. PMC&#x20;2701010. PMID&#x20;19506246.</ref> Ka 2024, Logaga lwa Sibudu lo ne lwa nna karolo ya [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la Mafelo a Tiro ya Pleistocene a Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":6">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1723 "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa"]. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabongwe, 2026.</ref> == Tlhaloso == Logaga lwa Sibudu ke lefelo la tshireletso la matlapa, le le mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mane kwa bokone jwa toropo ya [[Durban]] le dikilometara di ka nna lesome le botlhano kwa teng ga naga, gaufi le toropo ya [[Tongaat]]. E mo lefikeng le le tlhomameng, le le nang le dikgwa le le lebileng WSW le le lebileng Noka ya Tongati mo lefelong le jaanong e leng tshimo ya sukiri. Lefelo la tshireletso le ne la bopiwa ke go rema ga kgogolego ga Noka ya Tongati, e jaanong e leng 10 m (33 ft) ka fa tlase ga lefelo la tshireletso. Bodilo jwa yone bo boleele jwa dimetara di le masome matlhano le botlhano, le bophara jwa dimetara di ka nna lesome le boferabobedi.<ref name=":2" /> E na le kokoanyo e kgolo ya dipeeletso tsa [[Motlha wa Leje la Bogare]] tse di bolokilweng sentle ka tlhago le tse di beilweng letlha ka nepo go dirisiwa [[luminescence e e tlhotlhelediwang ke leitlho]].<ref name=":2" /> Dipatlisiso tsa ntlha morago ga go ribololwa ga yone ka 1983 di ne tsa dirwa ke Aron Mazel wa Motlobo wa ditso wa Natal (tiro e e sa gatisiwang).<ref>Wadley L. (2001).[http://web.wits.ac.za/NR/rdonlyres/71661A97-BDA3-491A-8652-B99BEF4C4DA3/0/LaueTurkingtonSmith2001PresentingSouthAfricanRock.pdf [Excavations at Sibudu Cave, Kwazulu-Natal]<sup>&#x5B;''permanent dead link''&#x5D;</sup>, The Digging Stick, 18, Dec, (3) 1–7.</ref> [[Lyn Wadley]] wa [[Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand]] o ne a simolola go epa gape ka Lwetse 1998. [[Setshwantsho:10.1371.journal.pone.0098359.g002.jpg|thumb|Pono ya lefelo le le epiwang mo teng ga lefelo la tshireletso ya matlapa.]] == Bonno == Go nniwa ga kwa Sibudu go kgaogantswe ka pele ga Still Bay, [[Still Bay]] (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le bobedi–dikete tse masome a supa le motso tse di fetileng), [[Howiesons Poort]] (pele ga dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a marataro le motso tse di fetileng), morago ga Howiesons Poort (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a matlhano le boferabongwe le sephatlo tse di fetileng), morago ga nako (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mane le bosupa, makgolo a supa tse di fetileng), le phase ya bofelo ya Middle Stone Age (dingwaga tse dikete tse masome a mararo le boferabobedi, makgolo a marataro tse di fitileng). Go ne go na le diphatlha tsa tiro tsa dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse some magareng ga morago ga Howiesons Poort le kgato ya bofelo ya [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]], le dipaka tsa bofelo le tsa bofelofelo tsa Letlapa la Bogare. Go ne go sena tiro ya [[Motlha wa Letlapa wa Bofelo]], le fa go ne go na le tiro ya [[Motlha wa Tshipi]] mo e ka nnang ka 1000 B.C. Bosupi bo supa fa tse e ne e le dipaka tsa komelelo mme lefelo la tshireletso le ne le nniwa fela ka nako ya maemo a loapi a a metsi.<ref>Jacobs, Z; Wintle, AG; Duller, GAT; Roberts, RG; Wadley, L (2008). "New ages for the post-Howiesons Poort, late and final Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''35''': 1790–1807. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.017|10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.017]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Sibudu cave KZN 01.JPG|thumb|Pono ya tshireletso ya matlapa mo lefikeng la motlhaba.]] [[Setshwantsho:10.1371 journal.pone.0098359.g003.jpg|thumb|Didiriswa tsa matlapa go tswa mo logageng.]] == Thekenoloji == Tiro ya pele ga Still Bay e ne e na le madirelo a a theilweng mo di-[[lithic flake]] mme e ne e dira didirisiwa di le mmalwa. Go nna ga Still Bay, mo godimo ga di-flake tse di ntseng jalo, go ne ga dira didirisiwa le [[dintlha]] [[tsa difatlhego tse pedi]].<ref>Wadley, L (June 2007). "Announcing a Still Bay industry at Sibudu Cave, South Africa". ''J. Hum. Evol''. '''52''' (6): 681–9. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JHumE..52..681W 2007JHumE..52..681W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.002|10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.002]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17337038 17337038].</ref> Tshekatsheko ya tiriso ya motlhala mo dintlheng tsa dintlha e fitlhela bosupi jwa dikgomaretsi tsa motswako mo metheong ya tsone fa di kileng tsa bo di tlhomilwe mo diphaposing.<ref>Lombard, M (2006). [http://www.sabinet.co.za/abstracts/nmsa_sah/nmsa_sah_v18_n1_a2.html "First impressions on the functions and hafting technology of Still Bay pointed artefacts from Sibudu Cave"]. ''S Afr Hum''. '''18''': 27–41.</ref> Go fitlhetswe dikai tse di farologaneng tsa thekenoloji ya bogologolo ya batho: * Ntlha ya lerapo, [[tlhogo ya motsu]] e e ka nnang teng e e kgarameletsang kwa morago tshimologo ya thekenoloji ya bora le motsu wa lerapo go ya kwa dingwageng di le dikete tse masome a marataro le motso tse di fetileng, bonnye dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mabedi go feta sekai sa ntlha se se fetileng;<ref name=":0" /> * [[Nnale]] wa ntlha yo o itsiweng wa marapo, wa dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a marataro le motso tse di fetileng, e e nang le go onala mo go tshwanang le mo go fitlhelwang mo bonnaleng ba marapo ba ba dirisiwang go phunya [[letlalo]] la diphologolo;<ref name=":0" /> * Sekai sa ntlha sa sekgomaretsi se se kopantsweng ([[borokhu jwa setlhare]] le red [[ochre]]), se se dirisiwang go tlhoma dintlha tsa matlapa mo ditshwarong tsa logong go dira marumo — se se kwadilweng dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a supa le motso tse di fetileng;<ref name=":0" /> le * Dibaga tsa dikgapetla, le fa e le tsa letlha la bosheng go feta tse di fitlhetsweng kwa [[Logaga la Blombos|logageng lwa Blombos]] (dingwaga di le masome a supa le motso tse di fetileng mo dibageng tsa Sibudu, fa di bapisiwa le dingwaga di le masome a supa le botlhano tse di fetileng mo go tse di kwa Blombos);<ref name=":7">d'Errico, F; Vanhaeren, M; Wadley, L (2008). "Possible shell beads from the Middle Stone Age layers of Sibudu Cave, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''35''' (10): 2675–2685. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JArSc..35.2675D 2008JArSc..35.2675D]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.023|10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.023]].</ref><ref>d'Errico, F; Henshilwood, C; Vanhaeren, M; van Niekerk, K (January 2005). "Nassarius kraussianus shell beads from Blombos Cave: evidence for symbolic behaviour in the Middle Stone Age". ''J. Hum. Evol''. '''48''' (1): 3–24. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JHumE..48....3D 2005JHumE..48....3D]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.09.002|10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.09.002]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15656934 15656934].</ref> * Sekai sa tiriso ya malao, se se simolotseng dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a supa le bosupa tse di fetileng, ka [[Cape laurel]] e dirisiwa mo godimo, gongwe ka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa yone jwa go bolaya ditshidinyana;<ref name=":1" /> * Tiriso ya ntlha ya mashi ([[casein]]) jaaka setshwaraganyi sa pente mo motswakong wa milk-ochre (dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mane le boferabongwe tse di fetileng).<ref>Villa, Paola; et&#x20;al. (30 June 2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488428 "A Milk and Ochre Paint Mixture Used 49,000 Years Ago at Sibudu, South Africa"]. ''[[:en:PLOS_One|PLOS One]]''. '''10''' (6) e0131273. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1031273V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131273. PMC&#x20;4488428. PMID&#x20;26125562.</ref> * Maungo a a omisitsweng, dipeo tse di nang le carbon le tse di senang carbon (dipeo tse di senang carbon di na le ''[[Antidesma]] venosum'', ''[[Croton sylvaticus]]'', ''[[Bridelia micrantha]]'', le tse dingwe tse dintsi) le manoko di ne tsa fitlhelwa kwa Logageng lwa Sibudu lo lo leng lwa [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]], go tloga ka dingwaga di feta masome a marataro tse di fetileng go fitlha ka dingwaga di ka nna masome a mararo le bosupa tse di fetileng.<ref>Sievers, Christine (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281600560 "Seeds from the Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave"]. ''Southern African Humanities''. '''18''' (1): 203–222. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/EJC84764|10520/EJC84764]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1681-5564 1681-5564].</ref> Dimela tsa malao di ne di na le [[sedge]] le di-[[monocotyledon]] tse dingwe tse di neng di tsentswe matlhare a a nkgang monate a a nang le dikhemikhale tsa tlholego tse di bolayang ditshedinyana le dibokwana. Matlhare otlhe a ne a tswa kwa Cape laurel (''[[Cryptocarya woodii]]'') e, fa e thubilwe, e leng monkomonate mme e na le metlhala ya α-[[pyrones]], [[cryptofolione]], le [[goniothalamin]], dikhemikhale tse di nang le bokgoni jwa go bolaya ditshidinyana le go bolaya dibokwana kgatlhanong le, sekai, menang. Mefuta ya ''[[Cryptocarya]]'' e santse e dirisiwa thata mo melemong ya setso. Go nniwa ga Howiesons Poort e ne e dira didirisiwa tsa [[legare]]. Dikgare tseno di bopilwe jaaka karolo ya namune, ka ntlha e e bogale e e segang mo letlhakoreng le le tlhamaletseng le mokwatla o o motlhofo le o o obegileng ka bomo. Tseno di ne di gokeletswe mo diphaposing kgotsa mo ditshwarong ka go dirisa sekgomaretsi sa ochre le sa dimela kgotsa mafura a a tlhakantsweng le dilo tsa dimela.<ref name=":3" /> Dikarolo gantsi di ne di dirwa ka ntlha e e segang mo boleeleng jotlhe jwa tsone, se se neng se tlhoka gore di kgomarediwe mo ditlhakong tsa tsone kwantle ga thapo mme ka jalo, go ne go tlhokega sekgomaretsi se se nonofileng se se kgomarelang.<ref name=":4">Wadley, L; Hodgkiss, T; Grant, M (2009). [http://www.pnas.org/content/suppl/2009/05/11/0900957106.DCSupplemental/0900957106SI.pdf#nameddest=STXT "Supporting Information for Implications for complex cognition from the hafting of tools with compound adhesives in the Middle Stone Age, South Africa"] (PDF). ''Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A''. '''106''' (24): 9590–9594. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9590W 2009PNAS..106.9590W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0900957106|10.1073/pnas.0900957106]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700998 2700998]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19433786 19433786].</ref> Dintlha di ne di dirisiwa mo pakeng morago ga Howiesons Poort e le dibetsa tsa go tsoma, jaaka dintlha tsa marumo. Tshekatsheko ya tiriso-motlhala e supa gore bontsi jwa dintlha tseno di ne di tsentswe dikgomaretsi tse di nang le ochre.<ref name=":4" /> == Thutamarope ya tlhaloganyo == Go boeletsa ga go dira didirisiwa tse di nang le diphaposi go dirisiwa fela mekgwa le didirisiwa tse di leng teng kwa Sibudu go dirile gore go kgonege go lemoga go raraana ga dithulaganyo tsa dikakanyo tse e neng e di tlhoka. Lerumo la maje le ne le tsenngwa mo logong go dirisiwa sekgomaretsi se se kopantsweng se se dirilweng ka borokhu, red ochre, le go thusa go dira, gongwe go ne ga tsenngwa motu o monnye wa dinotshe, dikarolwana tse di makgwakgwa, kgotsa mafura.<ref name=":3" /> Motswako ono wa ntlha o ne o tshwanetse go nna le dilekanyo tse di siameng tsa metswako mme morago ga moo, pele ga go tlhotlhora, o tsene mo kgatong e e laolwang ya kalafi ya mogote. Go thuthafatsa mono go ne go tshwanetse ga tila go bedisa kgotsa go fedisa metsi mo motswakong ono thata, go seng jalo go ne go tla koafatsa [[mastic]] e e neng e tla nna teng. Modiri wa yone le ene o ne a tshwanelwa ke go fokotsa [[botlha]] jwa yone. Ka go dira diteko tsa go tlhama sekgomaretsi seno sesha, babatlisisi ba ne ba swetsa ka gore batho ba [[Motlha wa Leje la Bogare]] (MSA) kwa Sibudu ba ka bo ba tlhoka ditiro tsa tlhaloganyo tsa maemo a a farologaneng le bokgoni jwa go akanya jo bo sa tlhaloganyesegeng jwa batho ba segompieno go dira seno.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><blockquote>Bataki ba ba nnang kwa MSA ba tshwanetse ba bo ba ne ba kgona go akanya ka tsela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng ka ga dipharologantsho tsa borokhu le ditlhagiswa tsa tshipi tsa tlholego, le fa ba ne ba tlhoka mekgwa ya maitemogelo ya go di lekanya. Dinonofo tsa borokhu, jaaka go nna metsi, go kgomarela le go tshwaragana, di ne di tsewa mo tlhaloganyong, mme bokao jono bo ne bo bapisiwa le dinonofo tsa ochre, jaaka go oma, go sa gagamala le go tlhoka metsi. Ka nako e le nngwe, motaki o ne a tshwanelwa ke go akanya ka boemo jo bo siameng jwa go tsenya matlapa mo diphaposing.... Le fa boitshwaro jwa segompieno ka botlalo bo lemotshega morago ga nako mo MSA, bosupi jo bo neetsweng fano bo kaya gore batho ba ba neng ba dira dikgomaretsi tse di kopantsweng mo MSA ba ne ba abelana bonnye le batlhatlhami ba bone ba segompieno.<ref name=":3" /><sup>ts. 9593</sup></blockquote>Mo tshwaelong ya patlisiso e go akanyeditswe gore boemong jwa go tlhoma mogopolo mo puong, ka<blockquote>ditiro tse di kgethisang bokgoni jwa go ntsha mabaka mme gape di bonala ka boepi jwa dilo tsa bogologolo, jaaka go shafting, baithutamarope ba mo seemong se se botoka sa go nna le seabe mo go tlhaloganyeng go iphetogela ga tlhaloganyo ya segompieno.<ref name=":5" /><sup>ts. 9545</sup>.</blockquote>Dingwe tsa dintlha tseno tse di nang le dithapo di ka tswa di ne di thuntshitswe go tswa mo diboreng. Le fa "bontsi jwa diponagalo jaaka diphethene tsa kabo ya masalela a mannye le go apara mo go nnye di tla tlhagelela ka tsela e e tshwanang mo dintlheng tse di dirisiwang go tlhoma marumo, metsu kgotsa metswi" le "diteko tse di tlhamaletseng tsa dipharologano fa gare ga marumo a a latlhetsweng le metswi e e akanyeditsweng di ise di dirwe" babatlisisi ba fitlhela "tshegetso eno ya bokao jwa: diphologolo di ne di tsomiwa, go gatelelwa di-taxa tse di ratang di-niche tse di tswetsweng tsa dikgwa, go akaretsa diphologolo tse di tsamayang ka bonako, tsa mo lefatsheng le tsa mo ditlhareng. Seno ke lebaka la go dirisa dirai, gongwe go akaretsa le dirai. Fa go ne go ka dirisiwa dirai, go kaiwa gore go ne go dirisiwa megala le ditlhale, tse le tsone di neng di tla bo di lekane go dira dibora. Go dirisa dirai le gone go ne go tla bontsha go tlhaloganya maatla a a fitlhegileng a a bolokilweng mo dikaleng tse di obegileng, e leng molaomotheo o mogolo wa go aga bora.<ref>Lombard, Marlize; Phillipson, Laurel (2010). [http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/084/ant0840635.htm "Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64 000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"]. ''Antiquity''. '''84''' (325): 635–648. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/s0003598x00100134|10.1017/s0003598x00100134]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162438490 162438490].</ref> Tiriso ya matlhare a Cryptocarya mo malaong e supa gore tiriso ya ntlha ya melemo ya ditlhare e ka tswa e file melemo ya go tlhopha mo bathong, mme tiriso ya dimela tse di jalo e kaya tekanyo e ntsha mo maitsholong a batho ba ntlha ka nako e.<ref name=":1" /> == Tlhabololo ya thekenoloji e e kgaoseditsweng == Dilo tsa botaki jaaka bonnale ba go tlhaba, metswi, le [[dibaga]] tsa dikgapetla<ref name=":7" /> kwa Sibudu le kwa mafelong a mangwe di diragala ka mokgwa o ka one dipopontshwa di sa tlhabololweng go ya pele le go tswelela pele, mme di tlhagelela mme morago di nyelele. Ka sekai, dibaga tsa dikgapetla di fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tsa Still Bay, fela ga di yo mo go tsa Howiesons Poort, kwa Sibudu, le kwa mafelong a mangwe.<ref name=":7" /> Seno se gwetlha kgopolo ya gore tlhabololo ya ntlha ya thekenoloji ke batho ba ntlha e ne e le thulaganyo ya go kokoanya ditokafatso.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":7" /> Fa ba buisana ka diphitlhelelo tsa dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla kwa Sibudu babatlisisi ba akgetse ka gore ba:<blockquote>ka se dirisiwe go tshegetsa boemo jwa "tlwaelo" jwa go tswa mo Aforika, jo bo bonelapele go raraana mo go oketsegang le go oketsega ga dipopontshwa ka nako ya MSA, mo go laolwang ke phetogo ya ditshedi. Go na le moo, di tlhagelela, di nyelela, le go tlhagelela gape ka tsela e e tshwanelang boemo jo mo go jone ditiragalo tse di sa lebelelwang tsa ditso le diphetogo tsa tikologo, go na le tsa tlhaloganyo, di bonwang jaaka bakgweetsi ba bagolo.<ref name=":0" /><sup>ts. 1577</sup>.</blockquote>Kgopolo ya gore phetogo ya tikologo e ne e le yone e e bakileng mokgwa ono e ile ya sekasekwa, mme boemong jwa seo go ile ga akanngwa gore mabaka a a kgweetsang e ne e le diphetogo mo dikgokaganong tsa loago tse di amanang le diphetogo tsa kitlano ya baagi.<ref>Jacobs, Z; Roberts, RG (2009). [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=2686379&blobtype=pdf "Catalysts for Stone Age innovations: What might have triggered two short-lived bursts of technological and behavioral innovation in southern Africa during the Middle Stone Age?"]. ''Commun Integr Biol''. '''2''' (2): 191–3. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4161/cib.7743|10.4161/cib.7743]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686379 2686379]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19513276 19513276].</ref> == Boemo jwa Boswa jwa Lefatshe == Ka 2015, puso ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya romela kakanyetso ya go tsenya logaga mo lenaaneng la [[Mafelo a Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe]] mme e beilwe mo lenaaneng la UNESCO la mafelo a nakwana jaaka ‘tlhopho ya tatelano’ e e ka nnang teng mo isagong mmogo le [[Logaga lwa Blombos]], [[Pinnacle Point]], [[Dikgaga tsa Klasies River|Logaga lwa]] [[Dikgaga tsa Klasies River|Klasies River]], [[Logaga lwa Border|Logaga lwa]] [[Logaga lwa Border|Border]], le [[Diepkloof Rock Shelter]].<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6050 "The Emergence of Modern Humans: The Pleistocene occupation sites of South Africa"]. ''UNESCO''. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabongwe, 2026.</ref> Mafelo a mararo a ne a bona Maemo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe ka 2024.<ref name=":6" /> == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Dikgaga mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a ngwao a lefatshe mo Aforika Borwa]] k54jhcmjvfs1vn3sdn04oisljz6z7u1 Moremi Ajasoro 0 15001 54693 2026-09-09T14:35:27Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Moremi Ajasoro 54693 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moremi Ajasoro''' e ne e le mohumagadi o a neng a tumile thata wa lotso lwa Yoruba kwa kgaolong ya yorubaland kwa e leng borwa-bophirima jwa lefatshe la [[Nigeria]] gompieno, o a neng a na le seabe se segolo mo kgololesegong ya bogosi jwa Yoruba jwa Ife go tswa mo bogosing jo bo mabapi jwa Ugbo.<ref>[https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/myths-and-legends-did-you-know-about-the-courageous-queen-moremi-whose-statue-is-the/hr4llg4 "Did you know about the courageous Queen Moremi whose statue is the tallest in Nigeria?".] ''Pulse Nigeria''. 2018-08-07. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Moremi o ne a nyetswe ke Oranmiyan, morwa Oduduwa, kgosi wa ntlha wa Ile-Ife.<ref>Suzanne Preston Blier. [https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/blier/files/blier.pdf "Art in Ancient Ife, Birthplace of the Yoruba"] (PDF). Harvard University. p.&nbsp;83. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref><ref name=":0">Dele Layiwola (1991). [https://escholarship.org/content/qt4x1824zj/qt4x1824zj.pdf "The Radical Alternative and the Dilemma of the Intellectual Dramatist in Nigeria"] (PDF). ''Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies'': 67–68. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref><ref>Segun Thomas Ajayi (2007). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=IuDyAAAAMAAJ&q=Moremi+Yoruba+princess&redir_esc=y ''Moremi, the Courageous Queen''.] Indiana University (Publications Limited). [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/978-9-788-1250-75|&nbsp;<bdi>978-9-788-1250-75</bdi>.]]</ref> == Ditso tsa ga mohumagadi Moremi Ajasoro le Ile-Ife == Mohumagadi Moremi o ne a tshela ka sedikadike sa dingwaga di le makgolo a le lesome le bobedi,<ref>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/directory/departments-offices-centers/music/queen-moremi-folk-opera "Queen Moremi Folk Opera".] Mount Holyoke College. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref><ref name=":0" /> a tswa kwa kgaolong ya Offa, toropo ya kwa e leng Kwara gompieno<ref>Oliver Alozie Onwubiko (1988). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=lnYyAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y Wisdom Lectures on African Thought and Culture]''. Totan Publishers Limited (University of California). p.&nbsp;64. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>9[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-9-782-4495-35|78-9-782-4495-35]]</bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-9-782-4495-35|.]]</ref>, a nyetswe ke Oranyan, mojaboswa wa ga kgosi wa Ife gape e le morwa motlhami wa batho ba morafe wa Yoruba, Oduduwa.<ref>Mary Ebun Modupe Kolawole (1997). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=9T_Yt3WAizkC&pg=PA59&redir_esc=y Womanism and African Consciousness]''. Africa World Press. p.&nbsp;59. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780865435414|<bdi>9780865435414</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>[https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/%5b%5bfood%5d%5d-travel/myths-and-legends-did-you-know-about-the-courageous-queen-moremi-whose-statue-is-the/hr4llg4 "Did you know about the courageous Queen Moremi whose statue is the tallest in Nigeria?".] ''[[:en:Pulse_Africa|Pulse Nigeria]]''. 2018-08-07. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Ile-Ife e ne e le bogosi bo go bolelwang bo ne bo lwantshana le setlhopha se se mabapi se se neng se itsege e le batho ba sekgwa, kgotsa Ugbo ka puo ya Yoruba. Palo e ntsi ya batho ba Ife ba ne ba ntshitswe makgoba ke batho ba, mme ka ntlha ya se ba ne ba lebiwa ka letlhoo ke morafe wa pele wa Ife. Le ntswa batho ba Ile-Ife ba ne ba shakgetse ka ditlhaselomtse, ba ne ba sena tse ba ka iphemelang ka tsone. Se ke ka ntlha ya gore batlhasedi ba ne ba bonwa e le mewa ke batho ba Ife, ba itshupa ba iphitlhile ka matlhare. == Metswedi == lkbzcodvtyd87ihi1fgtoshfsxr7pv0 Moropa 0 15002 54700 2026-09-09T18:35:07Z Reagoleboga 10854 added new article 54700 wikitext text/x-wiki === Moropa === Moropa wa Setso o o Kopanyang Ditšhaba, Hisetori le botlhokwa jwa setso sa moropa mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika. Moropa ke moropa wa setso o o amanang le mmino le ditlwaelo tsa setso mo Borwa jwa Aforika. Meropa e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo merafeng ya Seaforika mo dikokomaneng tse di fetileng, segolobogolo mo mminong, mo go bineng, mo meletlong le mo puisanong. Modumo wa moropa o ka kopanya batho. Fa go na le dikokoano tsa setso, go ka nna ga opelwa le go binwa go ntse go lediwa meropa, mme seno se dira gore batho ba ikutlwe ba le mmogo e bile ba itumetse. 8z24pn1e4wmcl70nt2da320fbxnvlu5 54701 54700 2026-09-09T18:36:11Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54701 wikitext text/x-wiki === Moropa === Moropa wa Setso o o Kopanyang Ditšhaba, Hisetori le botlhokwa jwa setso sa moropa mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika. Moropa ke moropa wa setso o o amanang le mmino le ditlwaelo tsa setso mo Borwa jwa Aforika. Meropa e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo merafeng ya Seaforika mo dikokomaneng tse di fetileng, segolobogolo mo mminong, mo go bineng, mo meletlong le mo puisanong. Modumo wa moropa o ka kopanya batho. Fa go na le dikokoano tsa setso, go ka nna ga opelwa le go binwa go ntse go lediwa meropa, mme seno se dira gore batho ba ikutlwe ba le mmogo e bile ba itumetse. ==== Tsela e moropa o dirwang ka yone le kafa o dirisiwang ka teng mo dingwaong tsa setso ==== Gantsi meropa ya setso e dirwa ka dilo tsa tlholego, e na le mmele wa logong o o sephaphathi le letlalo la phologolo kgotsa sengwe se se siametseng go tshameka mo go sone. Go dira moropa go tlhoka kitso le botswerere. Moropa o ka tshamekiwa ka diatla kana ka mekgwa e mengwe ya setso. Dipina tse di farologaneng di ka dira gore motho a ikutlwe ka tsela e e farologaneng e bile di ka tsamaisana le dipina dingwe kgotsa ditantshe dingwe. Seabe sa moropa mo go bineng, mo go opeleng, mo meletlong le mo meletlong aduc8888jgp9l2qwelupsdymw4hl4fm 54702 54701 2026-09-09T18:37:07Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54702 wikitext text/x-wiki === Moropa === Moropa wa Setso o o Kopanyang Ditšhaba, Hisetori le botlhokwa jwa setso sa moropa mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika. Moropa ke moropa wa setso o o amanang le mmino le ditlwaelo tsa setso mo Borwa jwa Aforika. Meropa e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo merafeng ya Seaforika mo dikokomaneng tse di fetileng, segolobogolo mo mminong, mo go bineng, mo meletlong le mo puisanong. Modumo wa moropa o ka kopanya batho. Fa go na le dikokoano tsa setso, go ka nna ga opelwa le go binwa go ntse go lediwa meropa, mme seno se dira gore batho ba ikutlwe ba le mmogo e bile ba itumetse. ==== Tsela e moropa o dirwang ka yone le kafa o dirisiwang ka teng mo dingwaong tsa setso ==== Gantsi meropa ya setso e dirwa ka dilo tsa tlholego, e na le mmele wa logong o o sephaphathi le letlalo la phologolo kgotsa sengwe se se siametseng go tshameka mo go sone. Go dira moropa go tlhoka kitso le botswerere. Moropa o ka tshamekiwa ka diatla kana ka mekgwa e mengwe ya setso. Dipina tse di farologaneng di ka dira gore motho a ikutlwe ka tsela e e farologaneng e bile di ka tsamaisana le dipina dingwe kgotsa ditantshe dingwe. Seabe sa moropa mo go bineng, mo go opeleng, mo meletlong le mo meletlong. ==== Mmino ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya meletlo e mentsi ya setso sa Seaforika. ==== Moropa o ka dira gore go nne le moribo o o tsamaisanang le go bina le go opela, o thusa batshameki go tsamaya mmogo. Ka nako ya meletlo, go letsa moropa go ka dira gore go nne le moya wa boitumelo le kutlwano. Gape e ka dirisiwa ka nako ya meletlo e mo go yone mmino o nang le seabe mo go bontsheng ditumelo tsa setso le go supa gore setšhaba ke sefe. Kafa meropa ya setso e thusang ka teng go boloka hisetori ya Aforika, dipolelo tsa yone le tsela e e itsegeng ka yone Mmino o kgona go fetisetsa kitso go tswa kokomaneng e nngwe go ya go e nngwe. Dipina tsa setso le morethetho di ka bua ka dikgang tse di ka ga ditšhaba, ditiragalo tsa hisetori, batho ba ba botlhokwa le mekgwa ya setso. liz5rjbs4mb72qkhk7awlrxwi39qeby 54703 54702 2026-09-09T18:39:18Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54703 wikitext text/x-wiki === Moropa === Moropa wa Setso o o Kopanyang Ditšhaba, Hisetori le botlhokwa jwa setso sa moropa mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika. Moropa ke moropa wa setso o o amanang le mmino le ditlwaelo tsa setso mo Borwa jwa Aforika. Meropa e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo merafeng ya Seaforika mo dikokomaneng tse di fetileng, segolobogolo mo mminong, mo go bineng, mo meletlong le mo puisanong. Modumo wa moropa o ka kopanya batho. Fa go na le dikokoano tsa setso, go ka nna ga opelwa le go binwa go ntse go lediwa meropa, mme seno se dira gore batho ba ikutlwe ba le mmogo e bile ba itumetse. ==== Tsela e moropa o dirwang ka yone le kafa o dirisiwang ka teng mo dingwaong tsa setso ==== Gantsi meropa ya setso e dirwa ka dilo tsa tlholego, e na le mmele wa logong o o sephaphathi le letlalo la phologolo kgotsa sengwe se se siametseng go tshameka mo go sone. Go dira moropa go tlhoka kitso le botswerere. Moropa o ka tshamekiwa ka diatla kana ka mekgwa e mengwe ya setso. Dipina tse di farologaneng di ka dira gore motho a ikutlwe ka tsela e e farologaneng e bile di ka tsamaisana le dipina dingwe kgotsa ditantshe dingwe. Seabe sa moropa mo go bineng, mo go opeleng, mo meletlong le mo meletlong. ==== Mmino ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya meletlo e mentsi ya setso sa Seaforika. ==== Moropa o ka dira gore go nne le moribo o o tsamaisanang le go bina le go opela, o thusa batshameki go tsamaya mmogo. Ka nako ya meletlo, go letsa moropa go ka dira gore go nne le moya wa boitumelo le kutlwano. Gape e ka dirisiwa ka nako ya meletlo e mo go yone mmino o nang le seabe mo go bontsheng ditumelo tsa setso le go supa gore setšhaba ke sefe. Kafa meropa ya setso e thusang ka teng go boloka hisetori ya Aforika, dipolelo tsa yone le tsela e e itsegeng ka yone Mmino o kgona go fetisetsa kitso go tswa kokomaneng e nngwe go ya go e nngwe. Dipina tsa setso le morethetho di ka bua ka dikgang tse di ka ga ditšhaba, ditiragalo tsa hisetori, batho ba ba botlhokwa le mekgwa ya setso. Fa basha ba ithuta go letsa moropa wa setso, ga ba ithute fela go letsa seletswa sa mmino. Gape ba ithuta ka setso le dingwao tse di amanang le mmino. Lebaka la go bo moropa e sa ntse e le letshwao le le botlhokwa la ngwao-boswa ya Seaforika gompieno Moropa o sa ntse o le botlhokwa ka gonne mmino wa setso o sa ntse o le karolo e e botlhokwa ya meletlo ya setso. Gape e ka tsenngwa mo dipontshong tsa segompieno mme e ntse e na le botho jwa yone jwa setso. 0qrttjl2040gvnoc1l1x66btgtwvcdp 54704 54703 2026-09-09T18:39:48Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54704 wikitext text/x-wiki === Moropa === Moropa wa Setso o o Kopanyang Ditšhaba, Hisetori le botlhokwa jwa setso sa moropa mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika. Moropa ke moropa wa setso o o amanang le mmino le ditlwaelo tsa setso mo Borwa jwa Aforika. Meropa e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo merafeng ya Seaforika mo dikokomaneng tse di fetileng, segolobogolo mo mminong, mo go bineng, mo meletlong le mo puisanong. Modumo wa moropa o ka kopanya batho. Fa go na le dikokoano tsa setso, go ka nna ga opelwa le go binwa go ntse go lediwa meropa, mme seno se dira gore batho ba ikutlwe ba le mmogo e bile ba itumetse. ==== Tsela e moropa o dirwang ka yone le kafa o dirisiwang ka teng mo dingwaong tsa setso ==== Gantsi meropa ya setso e dirwa ka dilo tsa tlholego, e na le mmele wa logong o o sephaphathi le letlalo la phologolo kgotsa sengwe se se siametseng go tshameka mo go sone. Go dira moropa go tlhoka kitso le botswerere. Moropa o ka tshamekiwa ka diatla kana ka mekgwa e mengwe ya setso. Dipina tse di farologaneng di ka dira gore motho a ikutlwe ka tsela e e farologaneng e bile di ka tsamaisana le dipina dingwe kgotsa ditantshe dingwe. Seabe sa moropa mo go bineng, mo go opeleng, mo meletlong le mo meletlong. ==== Mmino ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya meletlo e mentsi ya setso sa Seaforika. ==== Moropa o ka dira gore go nne le moribo o o tsamaisanang le go bina le go opela, o thusa batshameki go tsamaya mmogo. Ka nako ya meletlo, go letsa moropa go ka dira gore go nne le moya wa boitumelo le kutlwano. Gape e ka dirisiwa ka nako ya meletlo e mo go yone mmino o nang le seabe mo go bontsheng ditumelo tsa setso le go supa gore setšhaba ke sefe. Kafa meropa ya setso e thusang ka teng go boloka hisetori ya Aforika, dipolelo tsa yone le tsela e e itsegeng ka yone Mmino o kgona go fetisetsa kitso go tswa kokomaneng e nngwe go ya go e nngwe. Dipina tsa setso le morethetho di ka bua ka dikgang tse di ka ga ditšhaba, ditiragalo tsa hisetori, batho ba ba botlhokwa le mekgwa ya setso. Fa basha ba ithuta go letsa moropa wa setso, ga ba ithute fela go letsa seletswa sa mmino. Gape ba ithuta ka setso le dingwao tse di amanang le mmino. Lebaka la go bo moropa e sa ntse e le letshwao le le botlhokwa la ngwao-boswa ya Seaforika gompieno Moropa o sa ntse o le botlhokwa ka gonne mmino wa setso o sa ntse o le karolo e e botlhokwa ya meletlo ya setso. Gape e ka tsenngwa mo dipontshong tsa segompieno mme e ntse e na le botho jwa yone jwa setso. Didirisiwa tsa setso tse di jaaka moropa di gakolola batho ka botlhokwa jwa mmino mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika. Di bontsha kafa moribo, go bina le go anela di ka kopanyang batho ka teng. Moropa ga se seletswa fela sa mmino. E emela setšhaba, moletlo, hisetori le setso. Ka tsela e moropa o tshamekang ka yone le tsela e o amanang ka yone le meletlo ya setso, o thusa go boloka kitso ya setso e bile o dira gore dikokomana tse di fetileng le tsa gone jaanong di nne seoposengwe. sost7xobq7g4m7u1kdib0vdct1qtx0h 54705 54704 2026-09-09T18:43:30Z Reagoleboga 10854 added a photo 54705 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Moropa 2026.jpg|thumb|Moropa]] === Moropa === Moropa wa Setso o o Kopanyang Ditšhaba, Hisetori le botlhokwa jwa setso sa moropa mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika. Moropa ke moropa wa setso o o amanang le mmino le ditlwaelo tsa setso mo Borwa jwa Aforika. Meropa e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo merafeng ya Seaforika mo dikokomaneng tse di fetileng, segolobogolo mo mminong, mo go bineng, mo meletlong le mo puisanong. Modumo wa moropa o ka kopanya batho. Fa go na le dikokoano tsa setso, go ka nna ga opelwa le go binwa go ntse go lediwa meropa, mme seno se dira gore batho ba ikutlwe ba le mmogo e bile ba itumetse. ==== Tsela e moropa o dirwang ka yone le kafa o dirisiwang ka teng mo dingwaong tsa setso ==== Gantsi meropa ya setso e dirwa ka dilo tsa tlholego, e na le mmele wa logong o o sephaphathi le letlalo la phologolo kgotsa sengwe se se siametseng go tshameka mo go sone. Go dira moropa go tlhoka kitso le botswerere. Moropa o ka tshamekiwa ka diatla kana ka mekgwa e mengwe ya setso. Dipina tse di farologaneng di ka dira gore motho a ikutlwe ka tsela e e farologaneng e bile di ka tsamaisana le dipina dingwe kgotsa ditantshe dingwe. Seabe sa moropa mo go bineng, mo go opeleng, mo meletlong le mo meletlong. ==== Mmino ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya meletlo e mentsi ya setso sa Seaforika. ==== Moropa o ka dira gore go nne le moribo o o tsamaisanang le go bina le go opela, o thusa batshameki go tsamaya mmogo. Ka nako ya meletlo, go letsa moropa go ka dira gore go nne le moya wa boitumelo le kutlwano. Gape e ka dirisiwa ka nako ya meletlo e mo go yone mmino o nang le seabe mo go bontsheng ditumelo tsa setso le go supa gore setšhaba ke sefe. Kafa meropa ya setso e thusang ka teng go boloka hisetori ya Aforika, dipolelo tsa yone le tsela e e itsegeng ka yone Mmino o kgona go fetisetsa kitso go tswa kokomaneng e nngwe go ya go e nngwe. Dipina tsa setso le morethetho di ka bua ka dikgang tse di ka ga ditšhaba, ditiragalo tsa hisetori, batho ba ba botlhokwa le mekgwa ya setso. Fa basha ba ithuta go letsa moropa wa setso, ga ba ithute fela go letsa seletswa sa mmino. Gape ba ithuta ka setso le dingwao tse di amanang le mmino. Lebaka la go bo moropa e sa ntse e le letshwao le le botlhokwa la ngwao-boswa ya Seaforika gompieno Moropa o sa ntse o le botlhokwa ka gonne mmino wa setso o sa ntse o le karolo e e botlhokwa ya meletlo ya setso. Gape e ka tsenngwa mo dipontshong tsa segompieno mme e ntse e na le botho jwa yone jwa setso. Didirisiwa tsa setso tse di jaaka moropa di gakolola batho ka botlhokwa jwa mmino mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika. Di bontsha kafa moribo, go bina le go anela di ka kopanyang batho ka teng. Moropa ga se seletswa fela sa mmino. E emela setšhaba, moletlo, hisetori le setso. Ka tsela e moropa o tshamekang ka yone le tsela e o amanang ka yone le meletlo ya setso, o thusa go boloka kitso ya setso e bile o dira gore dikokomana tse di fetileng le tsa gone jaanong di nne seoposengwe. 0bkzcafzmz91bopifghsfsd7l4t4l1n 54706 54705 2026-09-09T18:43:57Z Reagoleboga 10854 added a photo 54706 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Moropa 2026.jpg|thumb|Moropa]] [[Setshwantsho:A base drum(just a drum) called Moropa in setswana.jpg|thumb|Moropa]] === Moropa === Moropa wa Setso o o Kopanyang Ditšhaba, Hisetori le botlhokwa jwa setso sa moropa mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika. Moropa ke moropa wa setso o o amanang le mmino le ditlwaelo tsa setso mo Borwa jwa Aforika. Meropa e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo merafeng ya Seaforika mo dikokomaneng tse di fetileng, segolobogolo mo mminong, mo go bineng, mo meletlong le mo puisanong. Modumo wa moropa o ka kopanya batho. Fa go na le dikokoano tsa setso, go ka nna ga opelwa le go binwa go ntse go lediwa meropa, mme seno se dira gore batho ba ikutlwe ba le mmogo e bile ba itumetse. ==== Tsela e moropa o dirwang ka yone le kafa o dirisiwang ka teng mo dingwaong tsa setso ==== Gantsi meropa ya setso e dirwa ka dilo tsa tlholego, e na le mmele wa logong o o sephaphathi le letlalo la phologolo kgotsa sengwe se se siametseng go tshameka mo go sone. Go dira moropa go tlhoka kitso le botswerere. Moropa o ka tshamekiwa ka diatla kana ka mekgwa e mengwe ya setso. Dipina tse di farologaneng di ka dira gore motho a ikutlwe ka tsela e e farologaneng e bile di ka tsamaisana le dipina dingwe kgotsa ditantshe dingwe. Seabe sa moropa mo go bineng, mo go opeleng, mo meletlong le mo meletlong. ==== Mmino ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya meletlo e mentsi ya setso sa Seaforika. ==== Moropa o ka dira gore go nne le moribo o o tsamaisanang le go bina le go opela, o thusa batshameki go tsamaya mmogo. Ka nako ya meletlo, go letsa moropa go ka dira gore go nne le moya wa boitumelo le kutlwano. Gape e ka dirisiwa ka nako ya meletlo e mo go yone mmino o nang le seabe mo go bontsheng ditumelo tsa setso le go supa gore setšhaba ke sefe. Kafa meropa ya setso e thusang ka teng go boloka hisetori ya Aforika, dipolelo tsa yone le tsela e e itsegeng ka yone Mmino o kgona go fetisetsa kitso go tswa kokomaneng e nngwe go ya go e nngwe. Dipina tsa setso le morethetho di ka bua ka dikgang tse di ka ga ditšhaba, ditiragalo tsa hisetori, batho ba ba botlhokwa le mekgwa ya setso. Fa basha ba ithuta go letsa moropa wa setso, ga ba ithute fela go letsa seletswa sa mmino. Gape ba ithuta ka setso le dingwao tse di amanang le mmino. Lebaka la go bo moropa e sa ntse e le letshwao le le botlhokwa la ngwao-boswa ya Seaforika gompieno Moropa o sa ntse o le botlhokwa ka gonne mmino wa setso o sa ntse o le karolo e e botlhokwa ya meletlo ya setso. Gape e ka tsenngwa mo dipontshong tsa segompieno mme e ntse e na le botho jwa yone jwa setso. Didirisiwa tsa setso tse di jaaka moropa di gakolola batho ka botlhokwa jwa mmino mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika. Di bontsha kafa moribo, go bina le go anela di ka kopanyang batho ka teng. Moropa ga se seletswa fela sa mmino. E emela setšhaba, moletlo, hisetori le setso. Ka tsela e moropa o tshamekang ka yone le tsela e o amanang ka yone le meletlo ya setso, o thusa go boloka kitso ya setso e bile o dira gore dikokomana tse di fetileng le tsa gone jaanong di nne seoposengwe. trzla7d7647zc769qe731e43o6e9tub 54707 54706 2026-09-09T18:47:28Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54707 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Moropa 2026.jpg|thumb|Moropa]] [[Setshwantsho:A base drum(just a drum) called Moropa in setswana.jpg|thumb|Moropa]] === Moropa === Moropa wa Setso o o Kopanyang Ditšhaba, Hisetori le botlhokwa jwa setso sa moropa mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika. Moropa ke moropa wa setso o o amanang le mmino le ditlwaelo tsa setso mo Borwa jwa Aforika.<ref>https://www.koin.com/news/portland/portland-taiko-brings-out-the-big-drums-for-annual-fall-concert/</ref> Meropa e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo merafeng ya Seaforika mo dikokomaneng tse di fetileng, segolobogolo mo mminong, mo go bineng, mo meletlong le mo puisanong. Modumo wa moropa o ka kopanya batho. Fa go na le dikokoano tsa setso, go ka nna ga opelwa le go binwa go ntse go lediwa meropa, mme seno se dira gore batho ba ikutlwe ba le mmogo e bile ba itumetse.<ref>https://www.capetownmagazine.com/drumstruck</ref> ==== Tsela e moropa o dirwang ka yone le kafa o dirisiwang ka teng mo dingwaong tsa setso ==== Gantsi meropa ya setso e dirwa ka dilo tsa tlholego, e na le mmele wa logong o o sephaphathi le letlalo la phologolo kgotsa sengwe se se siametseng go tshameka mo go sone.<ref>https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/restaurants/drumstruck-at-silvermist-the-ultimate-interactive-south-african-music-dining-experience/</ref> Go dira moropa go tlhoka kitso le botswerere. Moropa o ka tshamekiwa ka diatla kana ka mekgwa e mengwe ya setso. Dipina tse di farologaneng di ka dira gore motho a ikutlwe ka tsela e e farologaneng e bile di ka tsamaisana le dipina dingwe kgotsa ditantshe dingwe. Seabe sa moropa mo go bineng, mo go opeleng, mo meletlong le mo meletlong.<ref>https://iol.co.za/saturday-star/news/2025-12-08-top-cultural-experience-in-cape-town-why-drumstruck-at-silvermist-is-a-must-do/</ref> ==== Mmino ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya meletlo e mentsi ya setso sa Seaforika. ==== Moropa o ka dira gore go nne le moribo o o tsamaisanang le go bina le go opela, o thusa batshameki go tsamaya mmogo. Ka nako ya meletlo, go letsa moropa go ka dira gore go nne le moya wa boitumelo le kutlwano. Gape e ka dirisiwa ka nako ya meletlo e mo go yone mmino o nang le seabe mo go bontsheng ditumelo tsa setso le go supa gore setšhaba ke sefe. Kafa meropa ya setso e thusang ka teng go boloka hisetori ya Aforika, dipolelo tsa yone le tsela e e itsegeng ka yone Mmino o kgona go fetisetsa kitso go tswa kokomaneng e nngwe go ya go e nngwe. Dipina tsa setso le morethetho di ka bua ka dikgang tse di ka ga ditšhaba, ditiragalo tsa hisetori, batho ba ba botlhokwa le mekgwa ya setso. Fa basha ba ithuta go letsa moropa wa setso, ga ba ithute fela go letsa seletswa sa mmino. Gape ba ithuta ka setso le dingwao tse di amanang le mmino. Lebaka la go bo moropa e sa ntse e le letshwao le le botlhokwa la ngwao-boswa ya Seaforika gompieno Moropa o sa ntse o le botlhokwa ka gonne mmino wa setso o sa ntse o le karolo e e botlhokwa ya meletlo ya setso. Gape e ka tsenngwa mo dipontshong tsa segompieno mme e ntse e na le botho jwa yone jwa setso.<ref>https://leftlion.co.uk/features/2026/03/an-interview-with-andre-harris-memory-making-fundraiser-and-the-power-of-the-drums-charity-cancer-treatment-community/</ref> Didirisiwa tsa setso tse di jaaka moropa di gakolola batho ka botlhokwa jwa mmino mo ditšhabeng tsa Aforika. Di bontsha kafa moribo, go bina le go anela di ka kopanyang batho ka teng. Moropa ga se seletswa fela sa mmino. E emela setšhaba, moletlo, hisetori le setso. Ka tsela e moropa o tshamekang ka yone le tsela e o amanang ka yone le meletlo ya setso, o thusa go boloka kitso ya setso e bile o dira gore dikokomana tse di fetileng le tsa gone jaanong di nne seoposengwe.<ref>https://lookoutnewspaper.com/indigenous-drum-making-workshop-unites-cfb-esquimalt-community/</ref> eey3vz2uiqmwoqfzeid8mrbm0oojw3b Modirisi:Derek J Moore 2 15003 54709 2026-09-09T18:50:13Z Derek J Moore 11448 added 54709 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Tnipedia/styles.css" /> <div class="tsipedia-header"> <div class="tsipedia-header-left"> <div class="tsipedia-logo"> <span class="tsiki-logo-lead">Wikipediy</span><span class="tsiki-logo-end">A</span> </div> <div class="tsikipedia-tagline"> Encylopediya ya mahala </div> <div class="tsikipedia-meta"> <span class="tsikipedia-pill">📚 Encylopediya</span> </div> </div> <div class="tsipedia-header-right"> <div class="tsikipedia-menu-title">Categories</div> <div class="tsikipedia-menu-grid"> <div class="tsikipedia-cat"> <span class="tsikipedia-cat-icon">🎨</span> <span class="tsikipedia-cat-label">Culture</span> </div> <div class="tsikipedia-cat"> <span class="tsikipedia-cat-icon">🌱</span> <span class="tsikipedia-cat-label">Nature</span> </div> <div class="tsikipedia-cat"> <span class="tsikipedia-cat-icon">🔬</span> <span class="tsikipedia-cat-label">Science</span> </div> <div class="tsikipedia-cat"> <span class="tsikipedia-cat-icon">🏛️</span> <span class="tsikipedia-cat-label">Histories</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> {{Infobox |name = Derek J Moore |title = My Sandbox |header1 = {{#if:{{{item_one|}}}{{{item_two|}}}{{{item_three|}}}|Optional header}} |label2 = |data2 = |label3 = First name |data3 = {{{item_two| Derek }}} |label4 = Last name |data4 = {{{item_three|Moore}}} |label5 = Website |data5 = {{{item_four|weblearning.co.za}}} }} <div class="contain"> <div class="lamp-row"> <div class="container"> <div id="night" class="shade" ></div> <div class="top-light"></div> <div class="arm"></div> <div class="pole"></div> <div class="base"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> qjygrqs5k8zvg7zla6g078fpvon333j 54714 54709 2026-09-09T18:58:22Z Derek J Moore 11448 added 54714 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Tnipedia/styles.css" /> <div class="tnipedia-header"> <div class="tnipedia-header-left"> <div class="tnipedia-logo"> <span class="tniki-logo-lead">Wikipedi</span><span class="tniki-logo-end">A</span> </div> <div class="tnipedia-tagline"> Ensacklopidia ya mahala </div> <div class="tnipedia-meta"> <span class="tnipedia-pill">📚 Encylopediya</span> </div> </div> <div class="tnipedia-header-right"> <div class="tnipedia-menu-title">Categories</div> <div class="tnipedia-menu-grid"> <div class="tnipedia-cat"> <span class="tnipedia-cat-icon">🎨</span> <span class="tnipedia-cat-label">Culture</span> </div> <div class="tnipedia-cat"> <span class="tnipedia-cat-icon">🌱</span> <span class="tnipedia-cat-label">Nature</span> </div> <div class="tnipedia-cat"> <span class="tnipedia-cat-icon">🔬</span> <span class="tsikipedia-cat-label">Science</span> </div> <div class="tnipedia-cat"> <span class="tnipedia-cat-icon">🏛️</span> <span class="tnipedia-cat-label">Histories</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> {{Infobox |name = Derek J Moore |title = My Sandbox |header1 = {{#if:{{{item_one|}}}{{{item_two|}}}{{{item_three|}}}|Optional header}} |label2 = |data2 = |label3 = First name |data3 = {{{item_two| Derek }}} |label4 = Last name |data4 = {{{item_three|Moore}}} |label5 = Website |data5 = {{{item_four|weblearning.co.za}}} }} <div class="contain"> <div class="lamp-row"> <div class="container"> <div id="night" class="shade" ></div> <div class="top-light"></div> <div class="arm"></div> <div class="pole"></div> <div class="base"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> 7ozjyo6ecae7tin3nrogge4pmtp5isa Tempolete:Tnipedia/styles.css 10 15004 54712 2026-09-09T18:51:19Z Derek J Moore 11448 added 54712 sanitized-css text/css /****************************/ /*** tnipedia ***/ /****************************/ .tnipedia-handfont { font-family: sans-serif; 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flex-wrap: wrap; } /****************************/ /*** MOBILE ***/ /****************************/ @media screen and (max-width: 560px) { .tnipedia-header { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .tnipedia-header-right { min-width: unset; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15); padding: 1rem 1.25rem 1.25rem; } .tnipedia-logo { font-size: 1.9em; } .tnipedia-tagline { font-size: 1.1em; } } /****************************/ /*** Ta Txikipedia ***/ /****************************/ sgq6mzssxtu6gxce5vklpuln1xgc8l8 Maskandi 0 15005 54716 2026-09-09T19:25:27Z Reagoleboga 10854 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352849875|Maskandi]]" 54716 wikitext text/x-wiki   Maskandi (also Maskanda) ke mofuta wa mmino wa setso wa MaZulu, o simolotse o amana le badiri ba bafaladi, o o ntseng o fetoga le setšhaba sa Aforika Borwa. Go akanngwa gore e simolotswe ke Phuzushukela (John Bhengu). E gantsi e tshwaetswa ke mokgwa wa go tlhopha katara e e ikaegileng ka dilo tse di farologaneng tsa hisetori gape e na le tiro e e botlhokwa ya loago ka batshameki ba ba newang tetla ya go tshwaya batho ba ba maatla diphoso phatlalatsa. == Ditso == Mmino ono o simologile mo "dipina tsa basadi tse di neng di na le modumo wa go nna le modumo wa go nna le modumo wa go nna le modumo wa go nna le modumo wa go nna le modumo wa go nna le modumo wa go nna le modumo wa go nna le modumo wa go nna le modumo wa go nna le modumo wa go nna le modumo wa go opela". Metso ya se gompieno se bidiwang maskandi e sale e simololwa go tswa mo mefuteng ya mmino e e seng ya katara ka dingwaga tsa bo1920, mme go fetogela kwa katareng go simolotse kwa Rhodesia ka dingwaga tsa bo1930 ka setlhopha sa baopedi ba ba neng ba tlhotlhelediwa ke mmino mo difiliming tsa Bophirima.[ Go tswa foo e ne ya tlhamiwa ke badiri ba bafaladi mo Afrika Borwa.] E ile ya tlhalosiwa e le "Mmino o o tshamekiwang ke motho yo o tsamayang, modumo wa segompieno, wa segompieno. Ke mmino wa monna yo o tsamayang dikilometara di le dintsi go ya go kgatlhantsha monyadiwa, kana go ya go kopana le Molaodi wa gagwe; tsela ya go tsamaya. Ke mmino wa monna yo o opelang ka dilo tse di mo diragaletseng mo botshelong jwa gagwe jwa mmatota, ka boitumelo le kutlobotlhoko tsa gagwe tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, ka tsela e a lebang lefatshe ka yone. Ke mmino wa monna yo o nang le blues ya Sezulu". Ga jaana ga e sa tlhole e le kgang ya banna fela mme basadi, segolo thata moswi Busi Mhlongo, ba fetogile batho ba ba itsegeng mo mofuteng ono. == Didirisiwa le dingwao == Maskandi gantsi e tshamekiwa ka diletswa tse di sa tureng, tse di kgonang go tsewa ka seatla, kana diletswa tsa segompieno tse di rulagantsweng kgotsa tse di dirilweng go etsa medumo ya diletswa tsa bogologolo. Ka tlwaelo, moopedi wa Maskandi o ne a na le pina e le nngwe, pina e telele e e neng e fetoga fa kgang ya botshelo jwa moopedi e ntse e gola. Mo malatsing ano dialebamo di ka nna tsa nna le dipina tse di tlwaelegileng di le 10 go ya go 14, tse dingwe tsa tsone le fa go ntse jalo di ka nna tsa bo di feta metsotso e le meraro. Le fa go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya Maskandi, setlhopha sa diletswa gantsi se nna se tshwana mo mefuteng yotlhe ya yone. Seno se dirwa ka boomo go boloka modumo o o sa tshwaneng le ope. Fa o reeditse Maskandi, tseno ke diletswa tse di tlwaelegileng tse o ka di utlwang: Concertina, "Inkostin'" kgotsa "Inkostina" (Gantsi ke konokono e le 20 ya Anglo concertina, e e neng e le mo G/C e bile e tshamekiwa ka mokgwa wa Maskandi). Kgopolo e e phoso e batho ba le bantsi ba nang le yone ke ya go tsaya gore concertina ke accordion. Mo mminong wa Sesotho, di-accordion di fitlhelwa thata, mme di bogolo jo bo fetang jwa di-concertina. Modumo o o tlhagisiwang ke Concertina le one o phatsima thata e bile o kwa godimo. Gitara ya Acoustic, "Isginci". Mo setlhopheng "sengwe le sengwe" sa Maskandi go na le katara ya acoustic e e tshamekiwang ka tsela e e sa tshwaneng le epe. Katara gape ke sediriswa se se etelelang pele setlhopha sotlhe, mme dilo tsotlhe di tlhoka go kopana le thulaganyo ya katara, seno se ka akaretsa go fetola go letsa, konokono le dikarolo tse dingwe tsa didirisiwa tse di tsamaisanang le yone. Ka tlwaelo monwana wa kgonowe le monwana wa ntlha di a dirisiwa fa go tshamekiwa mokgwa wa Maskandi, mme go itsege thata gore katara ya Maskandi ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e thata go e ithuta le go e itse jaaka motshameki wa katara. Mo mabakeng a le mantsi, motshameki wa katara wa Maskandi gape ke moopedi yo mogolo kgotsa monna yo o eteletseng pele setlhopha. Pharologano e e bonalang thata le mokgwa wa go letsa katara ya Maskandi, ke tsela e katara e letlwang ka yone. Modiragatsi wa katara wa nnete wa Maskandi gantsi o sireletsa thata tsela e a tshamekang ka yone, ka gonne seno se bopa karolo e e botlhokwa ya go tlhaola setlhopha/motshameki wa katara. Gore o kgone go tshameka katara ya Maskandi kgotsa pina ya mongwe yo o tshamekang katara ya Maskandi, sa ntlha o tshwanetse go itse gore katara eo e tshamekiwa jang mme go tswa foo o bo o itse gore go tshamekiwa jang le gore go tshamekiwa jang ka tsela efe e e dirang gore go nne le molodi kgotsa morethetho wa mmino. Ka ntlha ya seno, bagadikgitara ba kwa Maskandi gantsi ba na le bokgoni jo bo kwa godimo mo go tsa boranyane le go nna le kgaisano e e tseneletseng, le fa gone e le ka sewelo fela ba ba katisitsweng semmuso mo mminong le mo katareng. Fa go ntse go raraana ga go letsa le go letsa go ntse go oketsega, go ntse jalo le ka leina le tlotlo ya motshameki wa katara. Bass Guitar, "uBhesi" kgotsa "amaBhesi" kgotsa "emaBhesini". Gape, go itaya ga pelo ya pina ya Maskandi, modumo o o sa tshwaneng le ope wa Maskandi le one o ikaegile thata ka go nna boammaaruri le go dirisiwa ga thekenoloji ya dipina tsa bass. Bass ya Maskandi ke yone e e dirang gore pina eno e nne monate. Gantsi e tshamekiwa ka tsela e e bogale thata mme e utlwala sentle fa e tshamekiwa ka maikutlo le ka pelo yotlhe. Di-keyboard/Synth Meropa, Baopedi ba ba opelang kwa morago, "Abavumayo". Baopedi ba ba opelang kwa morago ke karolo e e botlhokwa thata mo mminong wa Maskandi, totatota ga go na pina ya Maskandi e e feletseng ntle le gore go nne le baopedi ba ba opelang kwa morago. E re ka Maskandi e le mofuta wa mmino o o nang le maikutlo a a boteng le o o amang motho ka tsela e e tseneletseng, boikarabelo jwa baopedi ba ba opelang kwa morago ke go tlhama le go tlhoma molodi le maikutlo a pina ya Maskandi. "Ukuvuma ingoma", totatota e raya go opela go dumalana le se se opelwang ke moopedi yo o opelang kwa godimo. Baopedi ba ba opelang kwa morago le bone ba na le diphiri tse di boteng malebana le kafa pina ya Maskandi e rulagantsweng le go latelana ka teng mme ka jalo ba botlhokwa fela jaaka dikarolo tse dingwe tse di tsamaisanang le yone. Di-riff tsa mantswe gantsi di raraane ka boomo e bile di na le mafoko a mantsi a a sa tlwaelegang. Go dirisiwa thata ga legato. == Mefuta ya mmino == Pina ya setso ya Maskandi e farologanngwa ka go nna le modumo wa seletso ("izihlabo"), gantsi e tshamekiwa ka katara ya acoustic kgotsa concertina, e e beang modumo kwa tshimologong ya pina nngwe le nngwe. Izihlabo gape ke mofuta wa tshupetso, mme e na le maikaelelo a go letla moletsi wa katara go supa/bontsha bokgoni jwa gagwe ka go ngoka kgatlhego ya bareetsi. E re ka bagadikgitara ba setso ba kwa Maskandi ba letsa dikitara tsa bone ka tsela e e farologaneng, go reetsa izihlabo gape go naya motho yo o reeditseng tsela ya go itse ka tlhomamo gore ke mang yo o tshamekang dikitara tseo. Izihlabo gantsi ke dinoto tse di tshamekiwang ka bonako, tse di sa tlhokeng go bopa molodi kana morethetho o o rileng. Go tshameka izihlabo gape go ka tshwantshanngwa le motshameki yo o tsenang mo motshamekong. [citation needed] Mo pineng ya Se-Maskandi, gantsi go tla bo go buiwa ka bonako dikarolo tsa poko ya Sezulu, e e bidiwang "izibongo". Le fa go ntse jalo, ga se gore ka metlha diteng tsa yone di a galaletsa, mme ka ntlha ya dipina tsa pop, tsa ntlo le tse dingwe tse di tlhotlheletsang mmino wa Maskandi, e bua thata ka mekgwa ya go bua le setso sa segompieno sa bafaladi, go na le go bua fela ka mokgwa wa mmino. Selo se sengwe se se botlhokwa mo mminong wa Maskandi ke botho jwa moopedi yo o eteletseng pele. Mo mminong wa Maskandi, ga se selo se se sa tlwaelegang gore dipina di "utlwele di tshwana", le fa go ntse jalo, go opela ga go fokotsege. Totatota Maskandi e bua ka go anela dipolelo le go naya motho lesedi ka moya wa moopedi yo o eteletseng pele. Go bua thata ka molaetsa o o tlhagisitsweng mo dipineng le mo mminong, mme ke ka lebaka le go tsewang go tshwana le go reetsa mmino wa soul kgotsa wa blues. [citation needed] Mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo 2000 go ne ga tlhagisiwa moopedi yo moša yo o bidiwang Mtshengiseni Gcwensa (morago) yo o simolotseng mmino le tsala ya gagwe Mgqumeni Khumalo (morago). Bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba simolola mekgwa e mentsi mo madirelong ano e e neng ya dira gore bataki ba ba neng ba sa tswa go tla ba ba lebe ka tsela e e tshwanang. [citation needed] Mmoki Darius Brubeck o ne a tlhalosa maskandi e le "seopedi se se tshamekang mmino wa sedirisiwa sa Sezulu wa setso. Lefoko leno le tswa mo lefokong la Afrikaans e leng musikante (baopedi). KwaZulu Natal, porofense ya Aforika Borwa kwa ke ntseng ke nna le go dira teng mo dingwageng tse di lesome tse di fetileng, ke legae la diketekete tsa 'Maskandis', ba ba tlhamileng mmino o o humileng ba dirisa mokgwa o o kgethegileng wa go tshameka katara". == Diopedi tse di itsegeng tsa Maskandi == * Imithente * Izingane ZoMa * Busi Mhlongo * Shiyani Ngcobo * Sipho Mchunu * Johnny Clegg * Phuzushukela * Shwi no Mtekhala * Mfaz'omnyama * Bhekumuzi Luthuli * Shiyani Ngcobo * Khuzani * uGatsheni * Mthandeni SK * Thokozani Langa * 14 Shabalala == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Maskandi]] ozbvj891op8t1f46nugfl4ugqnqdxzq Monaleo 0 15006 54718 2026-09-10T04:59:04Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created page with "[[Setshwantsho:Monaleo 2025.png|thumb]] '''Leondra Roshawn Caldwell''' (née '''Gay'''; o belegwe ka Moranang 24, 2001), yo o itsegeng ka leina la gagwe la setshameko Monaleo, ke rapper le mokwadi wa dipina wa kwa Amerika. O ne a itsege thata kwa tshimologong ya 2021 ka pina ya gagwe ya "Beating Down Yo Block". == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Gay o belegwe ka di 24 Moranang 2001[1] mme a golela kwa Houston, Texas.[ O ne a tsena Sekolo se Segolo sa Tiragatso ya Molao l..." 54718 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Monaleo 2025.png|thumb]] '''Leondra Roshawn Caldwell''' (née '''Gay'''; o belegwe ka Moranang 24, 2001), yo o itsegeng ka leina la gagwe la setshameko Monaleo, ke rapper le mokwadi wa dipina wa kwa Amerika. O ne a itsege thata kwa tshimologong ya 2021 ka pina ya gagwe ya "Beating Down Yo Block". == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Gay o belegwe ka di 24 Moranang 2001[1] mme a golela kwa Houston, Texas.[ O ne a tsena Sekolo se Segolo sa Tiragatso ya Molao le Tshiamiso ya Bosenyi, se se kwa Houston. O ne a le mo go lateleleng dikirii ya saense ya phitlho kwa Prairie View A&M University pele a emisa dithuto tsa gagwe ka lebaka la tiro ya gagwe ya mmino. buak464ta9seiqtv23ysvsqqhigk18l 54719 54718 2026-09-10T05:31:05Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 54719 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Monaleo 2025.png|thumb]] '''Leondra Roshawn Caldwell''' (née '''Gay'''; o belegwe ka Moranang 24, 2001), yo o itsegeng ka leina la gagwe la setshameko Monaleo, ke rapper le mokwadi wa dipina wa kwa America. O ne a itsege thata kwa tshimologong ya 2021 ka pina ya gagwe ya [["Beating Down Yo Block"]]. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Gay o belegwe ka di 24 Moranang 2001<ref>Eustice, Kyle (2025-08-20). "[https://www.xxlmag.com/monaleo-interview/ Monaleo on Being a Top Lyricist, Saving Lives, the Pressures on Women in Rap and Shifting Her Mindset in 2025]". XXL Mag. Retrieved 2026-02-03.</ref> mme a golela kwa [[Houston]], [[Texas]].<ref>Rodrigues, Ashwin (November 8, 2021). [https://www.vice.com/en/article/monaleo-is-the-sweetest-bully-rapping-today/ "When Monoleo Raps, You Want Her to Win"]. Noisey. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_(magazine) Vice Media Group]. Retrieved December 20, 2021.</ref> O ne a tsena Sekolo sa The High School for Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice kwa Houston. O ne a le mo go lateleleng dikirii ya tlhokomelo ya baswi<ref>D'Souza, Shaad (2022-12-30). [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/dec/30/new-music-for-2023-monaleo-the-texas-rapper "Monaleo: the Texas rapper moving from body bags and breakups to killer bars"]. The Guardian. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) ISSN] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077 0261-3077]. Retrieved 2026-02-03</ref> kwa [[Prairie View A&M University]] pele a emisa dithuto tsa gagwe ka lebaka la tiro ya gagwe ya mmino.<ref>Stewart, Shelby (May 28, 2021). [https://www.chron.com/culture/music/article/houston-rapper-Monaleo-rolling-loud-lineup-16210358.php "Houston's rising female rapper Monaleo earns a spot on Rolling Loud lineup"]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Chronicle Houston Chronicle]. Retrieved 2021-10-07.</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Gay o simolotse go dira mo mminong ka dinako tse di farologaneng go tloga ka Ferikgong 2020. Ka Lwetse 2020, o ne a golola karolo ya pina ya gagwe ya ntlha [["Beating Down Yo Block"]] le motlhami Merion Krazy.<ref>Seabrook III, Robby (September 15, 2021). [https://www.xxlmag.com/monaleo-interview-the-break/ "The Break Presents - Monaleo"]. XXL. Retrieved 2021-10-07.</ref> Pina e na le "Knockin Pictures Off da Wall" ya Yungstar mme e ne ya kwalwa fa a ne a lwantshana le go kgaogana le mongwe yo a neng a sa mo rate.Pina e ne ya anama thata mo metsweding ya dikgang ka Ferikgong 2021, e na le batho ba ba fetang dimilione di le 3 ba e tshamekileng mo Spotify le ba le dimilione di le 3,3 ba e lebile mo bidiong ya mmino mo [[YouTube]]. Moragonyana Monaleo o ne a golola pina ya "Girls Outside" le ya "Suck It Up",[https://www.xxlmag.com/monaleo-interview-the-break/ <sup>[5<nowiki>]</nowiki></sup>] ya ntlha ya yone e ne e na le pina ya OG Bobby Billions ya [["Outside"]].<ref>Stewart, Shelby (2021-07-08). [https://www.chron.com/culture/music/article/Houston-artist-Monaleo-girls-outside-music-video-16301151.php "Houston's Monaleo releases 'Girls Outside,' a summer revenge anthem"]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Chronicle Houston Chronicle]. Retrieved 2021-10-07.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe 2021, Gay o ne a golola bidio ya pina ya , "Suck It Up".<ref>Strauss, Matthew (2021-08-11). [https://pitchfork.com/news/monaleo-shares-video-for-new-song-suck-it-up-watch/ "Monaleo Shares Video for New Song "Suck It Up""]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitchfork_(website) Pitchfork]. Retrieved 2021-10-07.</ref> <ref>Pierre, Alphonse (2021-08-17). [https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/monaleo-suck-it-up-new-song-listen/ "Listen to Monaleo's "Suck it Up": The Ones"]. Pitchfork. Retrieved 2021-10-07.</ref> O ne a golola pina ya [["We Not Humping"]] ka Sedimonthole wa 2021;<ref>Helfand, Raphael (December 3, 2021). [https://www.thefader.com/2021/12/03/monaleo-sets-the-record-straight-with-we-not-humping "Monaleo sets the record straight with "We Not Humping"".] The Fader. Retrieved November 18, 2025.</ref> o raps over a southern hip hop beat. Remix ya pina e e nang le [[Flo Milli]] e ne ya gololwa ka Moranang wa 2022. Ka Motsheganong 26, 2023, o ne a golola alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya studio, Where the Flowers Don't Die, a na le moeng wa ga [[Flo Milli]]. Ka September 27, 2024, Gay o ne a ntsha EP ya gagwe ya ntlha, Throwing Bows, e e neng e na le di guest appearances go tswa go [[Stunna 4 Vegas]], [[Sauce Walka]], [[Kaliii]], le bataki ba bangwe. O ne a golola alebamo ya gagwe ya bobedi, [[Who Did the Body]], ka October 17, 2025.O ne a simolola loeto lwa kwa Amerika Bokone go tshegetsa alebamo, mme o ne a rulaganya gape matlha a mantsi a loeto morago ga maemo a tshoganyetso a kalafi.Alobamo ene e akaretsa pina ya "Putting Ya Dine"; remix ya pina ya ga [[YoungBoy Never Broke Again]] ye e ntshitsweng kakgwei ya Phalane 2025. O ne a tshegetsa [[Summer Walker]]'s Still Finally Over It Tour ka 2026 mmogo le Odeal.Khansele ya Toropokgolo ya Houston e ne ya itsise gore April 24, 2026 ke "Leondra Roshawn Caldwell Day". 19] O ne a tlhagelela mo go remix ya pina ya [[Trim]] "Nobody" mmogo le [[G Herbo]] e e neng ya gololwa ka Phukwi 2026. Gay o emetswe ke setlhopha sa Stomp Down. == Metswedi == [[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang]] gl5ddcxwtu4ln2dea7n4rc9f1pk0lwc Trim (American rapper) 0 15007 54720 2026-09-10T05:51:47Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Creation 54720 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahlaisha Kornickey''',<ref>Denis, Kyle (May 22, 2026). [https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/trim-billboard-up-and-coming-hip-hop-artist-may-2026-1236255029/ "Trim Is Billboard's Up-and-Coming Hip-Hop Artist of the Month for May 2026"]. Billboard. Retrieved June 13, 2026.</ref> yo o itsegeng ka leina la '''Trim''', ke rapper wa kwa America. O itsege thata ka pina ya gagwe ya 2025 e e bidiwang "Boat" (e e neng e kopantswe gape le [[YKNiece]] le [[BunnaB]] kgotsa [[Pooh Shiesty]]), e e neng ya tsena mo [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs]] chart. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Ahlaisha Kornickey o goletse kwa [[Charleston]], [[South Carolina]].<ref>Williams, Kylah (February 19, 2026). [https://www.thefader.com/2026/02/19/trim-tiktok-rapper-interview- "Trim is the girl's girl of rap"]. The Fader. Retrieved April 2, 2026.</ref><ref>Williams, Kyann-Sian (July 22, 2026). "[https://www.nme.com/features/music-interviews/trim-nobody-boat-interview-radar-3958239 Meet Trim, the new "princess of rap" with a larger-than-life personality"]. NME. Retrieved July 26, 2026.</ref> O ne a reetsa mmino wa hip-hop le R&B fa a ntse a gola mme a rulaganyetsa go nna [[Makeup|makeup]] le [[Hair stylist|hair stylist]] pele a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya mmino. == Tiro ya gagwe == Kornickey o simolotse go dira rap ka 2024 mme a ntsha freestyles mo [[Tiktok|TikTok]].<ref>Simpson, Paul. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/trim-mn0005019151 "Trim — Biography, Discography, Albums & Expert Reviews"]. AllMusic. Retrieved July 26, 2026.</ref> Pina ya gagwe ya "Timbs" le rapper wa South Carolina Ashswervo e ne ya bona tlhokomelo ya selegae, e e neng ya isa kwa tumalanong ya kabo le BuVision. O ne a golola EP ya gagwe ya ntlha, SC Princess, ka 2025.[ 5] O ne a gololwa ka 2025.<ref>Iseghohi, Chase (December 9, 2025). [https://themorninghustle.com/1728440/meet-breakout-star-ms-trim-the-rising-rap-force-taking-over-your-fyp/ "Meet Breakout Star Ms. Trim: The Rising Rap Force Taking Over Your FYP"]. The Morning Hustle. Retrieved April 2, 2026.</ref>Diphetolelo tsa pina e e nang le di-rapper YK Niece le BunnaB[2] le Pooh Shiesty di ne tsa gololwa morago ga go anama ga pina mo TikTok.<ref>Bras Nevares, Gabriel (October 15, 2019). "[https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/984641-boat-remix-trim-pooh-shiesty BOAT REMIX – Song by Trim & Pooh Shiesty"]. HotNewHipHop. Retrieved April 2, 2026.</ref> Ka 2026, o ne a golola dipina tsa "Bad Ho's", "Floor", "Guapo", "Chröme" le Slayr, "No Trick" le Luh Tyler, le "Coconut Water". [https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/trim-billboard-up-and-coming-hip-hop-artist-may-2026-1236255029/ <sup>[2<nowiki>]</nowiki></sup>] <sup>[3]</sup> O ne a tshameka kwa moletlong wa Rolling Loud ka Motsheganong 2026. [4] O ne a tlhagisiwa mo lenaaneng la 2026 XXL Freshman Class ka Seetebosigo 2026.<ref>Cole, Alexander (June 24, 2026). [https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/999709-2026-xxl-freshman-list-revealed "XXL Officially Unveils Their 2026 Freshman List"]. HotNewHipHop. Retrieved August 26, 2026.</ref> == Botaki == Kornickey o rap ka segalo sa [http://Gullah%20Geechee Gullah Geechee].<ref>[https://www.thefader.com/2026/06/10/15-picks-for-song-of-the-summer-2026 "16 picks for Song of the Summer 2026"]. The Fader. June 10, 2026. Retrieved June 22, 2026.</ref><ref>Claxton, Christopher; Saponara, Michael; Diaz, Angel; Mitchell, Gail; Denis, Kyle; Lamarre, Carl (February 23, 2026). "[https://www.billboard.com/lists/hip-hop-rb-artists-to-watch-2026/ 15 Hip-Hop, Caribbean and R&B Artists to Watch in 2026". Billboard]. Retrieved April 2, 2026.</ref> O boletse gore YoungBoy Never Broke Again le Future di mo tlhotlheleditse mo mminong wa gagwe.<ref>Torres, Bianca (July 13, 2026). [https://www.xxlmag.com/trim/ "Trim - 2026 XXL Freshman Freestyle, Interview and More"]. XXL Mag. Retrieved July 14, 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == nnwnt19ccild0lli6jjd6d0wvig20jp 54721 54720 2026-09-10T05:52:28Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 54721 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahlaisha Kornickey''',<ref>Denis, Kyle (May 22, 2026). [https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/trim-billboard-up-and-coming-hip-hop-artist-may-2026-1236255029/ "Trim Is Billboard's Up-and-Coming Hip-Hop Artist of the Month for May 2026"]. Billboard. Retrieved June 13, 2026.</ref> yo o itsegeng ka leina la '''Trim''', ke rapper wa kwa America. O itsege thata ka pina ya gagwe ya 2025 e e bidiwang "Boat" (e e neng e kopantswe gape le [[YKNiece]] le [[BunnaB]] kgotsa [[Pooh Shiesty]]), e e neng ya tsena mo [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs]] chart. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Ahlaisha Kornickey o goletse kwa [[Charleston]], [[South Carolina]].<ref>Williams, Kylah (February 19, 2026). [https://www.thefader.com/2026/02/19/trim-tiktok-rapper-interview- "Trim is the girl's girl of rap"]. The Fader. Retrieved April 2, 2026.</ref><ref>Williams, Kyann-Sian (July 22, 2026). "[https://www.nme.com/features/music-interviews/trim-nobody-boat-interview-radar-3958239 Meet Trim, the new "princess of rap" with a larger-than-life personality"]. NME. Retrieved July 26, 2026.</ref> O ne a reetsa mmino wa hip-hop le R&B fa a ntse a gola mme a rulaganyetsa go nna [[Makeup|makeup]] le [[Hair stylist|hair stylist]] pele a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya mmino. == Tiro ya gagwe == Kornickey o simolotse go dira rap ka 2024 mme a ntsha freestyles mo [[Tiktok|TikTok]].<ref>Simpson, Paul. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/trim-mn0005019151 "Trim — Biography, Discography, Albums & Expert Reviews"]. AllMusic. Retrieved July 26, 2026.</ref> Pina ya gagwe ya "Timbs" le rapper wa South Carolina Ashswervo e ne ya bona tlhokomelo ya selegae, e e neng ya isa kwa tumalanong ya kabo le BuVision. O ne a golola EP ya gagwe ya ntlha, SC Princess, ka 2025.[ 5] O ne a gololwa ka 2025.<ref>Iseghohi, Chase (December 9, 2025). [https://themorninghustle.com/1728440/meet-breakout-star-ms-trim-the-rising-rap-force-taking-over-your-fyp/ "Meet Breakout Star Ms. Trim: The Rising Rap Force Taking Over Your FYP"]. The Morning Hustle. Retrieved April 2, 2026.</ref>Diphetolelo tsa pina e e nang le di-rapper YK Niece le BunnaB[2] le Pooh Shiesty di ne tsa gololwa morago ga go anama ga pina mo TikTok.<ref>Bras Nevares, Gabriel (October 15, 2019). "[https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/984641-boat-remix-trim-pooh-shiesty BOAT REMIX – Song by Trim & Pooh Shiesty"]. HotNewHipHop. Retrieved April 2, 2026.</ref> Ka 2026, o ne a golola dipina tsa "Bad Ho's", "Floor", "Guapo", "Chröme" le Slayr, "No Trick" le Luh Tyler, le "Coconut Water". [https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/trim-billboard-up-and-coming-hip-hop-artist-may-2026-1236255029/ <sup>[2<nowiki>]</nowiki></sup>] <sup>[3]</sup> O ne a tshameka kwa moletlong wa Rolling Loud ka Motsheganong 2026. [4] O ne a tlhagisiwa mo lenaaneng la 2026 XXL Freshman Class ka Seetebosigo 2026.<ref>Cole, Alexander (June 24, 2026). [https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/999709-2026-xxl-freshman-list-revealed "XXL Officially Unveils Their 2026 Freshman List"]. HotNewHipHop. Retrieved August 26, 2026.</ref> == Botaki == Kornickey o rap ka segalo sa [http://Gullah%20Geechee Gullah Geechee].<ref>[https://www.thefader.com/2026/06/10/15-picks-for-song-of-the-summer-2026 "16 picks for Song of the Summer 2026"]. The Fader. June 10, 2026. Retrieved June 22, 2026.</ref><ref>Claxton, Christopher; Saponara, Michael; Diaz, Angel; Mitchell, Gail; Denis, Kyle; Lamarre, Carl (February 23, 2026). "[https://www.billboard.com/lists/hip-hop-rb-artists-to-watch-2026/ 15 Hip-Hop, Caribbean and R&B Artists to Watch in 2026". Billboard]. Retrieved April 2, 2026.</ref> O boletse gore YoungBoy Never Broke Again le Future di mo tlhotlheleditse mo mminong wa gagwe.<ref>Torres, Bianca (July 13, 2026). [https://www.xxlmag.com/trim/ "Trim - 2026 XXL Freshman Freestyle, Interview and More"]. XXL Mag. Retrieved July 14, 2026.</ref> [[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang]] == Metswedi == apjsscejeu87xf70gwvvotlrg220bbb YKNiece 0 15008 54722 2026-09-10T09:26:04Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Creation 54722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shanice Cameron''' (o tshotswe ka 2003 kgotsa 2004), o itsege jaaka '''YKNiece''', ke rapper wa kwa Amerika go tswa kwa [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia]],, o itsege thata ka pina ya gagwe ya 2025 "Whim Whamiee" (a na le rapper Pluto wa kwa Atlanta), e e neng ya fitlha kwa maemong a bo 51 mo [[Billboard Hot 100]]. Gape ka 2025, Cameron o ne a tlhagelela mo go "Friend Do Remix" le Belly Gang Kushington, mmogo le "Take Me Thru Dere" (le Metro Boomin, Quavo, le Breskii), ya bofelo e ne ya fitlha kwa 51 mo Hot 100. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Cameron o ne a tsena sekolo sa Maynard H. Sekolo se Segolo sa Jackson.<ref>[https://www.ajc.com/arts-entertainment/2026/01/after-ruling-2025-with-guest-verses-yk-niece-is-ready-for-her-close-up/ "After ruling 2025 with guest verses, YK Niece is ready for her close-up"]. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved May 28, 2026.</ref> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, Cameron o ne a ikwadisa kwa Yunibesithing ya Columbus State, koo a neng a ithutela booki pele a tlogela sekolo ka ntlha ya leroborobo la COVID-19. == Tiro ya gagwe == Pele a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya go nna rapper, Cameron o ne a dira jaaka motlhokomedi wa diphuthelwana tsa Pepsi. O ne a simolola go dira mo kgweding ya Tlhakole 2025 ka pina e e reng "Whim Whamiee", e e neng e na le ene jaaka moopedi yo mogolo mmogo le rapper Pluto. Pina e ne ya nna hit ya baopedi ka bobedi, e e neng e le mo maemong a bo 51 mo Billboard Hot 100.<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/pluto-june-rookie-month-interview-whim-whamiee-sexyy-red-1236009529/ "PLUTO on 'Whim Whamiee' Success, Her Love for Future & Why Sexyy Red Is Her 'Big Sister'"]. Billboard. Retrieved May 28, 2026.</ref> Go ise go ye kae morago ga katlego ya pina eo, Cameron o ne a saena le Gaijin Records, e e neng ya golola pina ya gagwe ya ntlha e le nosi e e bidiwang "Pressure" ka Motsheganong 2025.<ref>[https://music.apple.com/us/album/pressure-single/1835625152 "Pressure - Single - Album by YKNIECE"]. Apple Music. Retrieved May 28, 2026.</ref>Mo go yona kgwedi eo, o ne a tlhagelela mo pina e e reng "Innit" le BunnaB, e e neng ya anama thata mo metsweding ya dikgang.<ref>[https://www.ajc.com/arts-entertainment/2025/07/atlantas-bunnab-made-a-hit-about-summer-now-shes-ready-to-rule-the-year/ "Atlanta's BunnaB made a hit about summer. Now, she's ready to rule the year"]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]. Retrieved May 28, 2026</ref> Ka Phatwe, o ne a tlhagelela mo pina e e reng "Take Me Thru Dere" mmogo le Metro Boomin, Quavo le Breskii, e e neng ya fitlha kwa maemong a bo 51 mo Hot 100 mme ya fitlha kwa maemong a a kwa godimo mo Billboard's Rhythmic Airplay chart, a fa Cameron nomoro ya gagwe ya ntlha mo go nngwe le nngwe ya ditšhate tse dikgolo tsa mmino.<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/metro-boomin-quavo-breskii-ykniece-rhythmic-radio-number-1-1236164289/ "Metro Boomin's 'Take Me Thru Dere' Tops Rhythmic Airplay Chart"]. Billboard. Retrieved May 28, 2026.</ref>Ka September 2025, o ne a tlhagelela mo remix ya "Friend Do" ya Atlanta rapper Belly Gang Kushington, e e neng e le mo maemong a borataro mo Billboard's Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref>"[https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/belly-gang-kushington-billboard-hip-hop-rookie-march-2026-1236208180/ Belly Gang Kushington Is Bringing the Motivation Back to Atlanta Rap: 'This S–t Is Bliss for Me Right Now']". Billboard. Retrieved May 28, 2026</ref> Ka Motsheganong wa 2026, Cameron o ne a tlhagelela mo remix ya pina ya DaBaby "Pop Dat Thang", mmogo le GloRilla le Yung Miami. <ref>"[https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/993138-pop-dat-thang-remix-dababy-glorilla-ykniece-yung-miami POP DAT THANG (Remix) — Song By DaBaby featuring GloRilla, YKNIECE, & Yung Miami]". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved May 28, 2026.</ref>Mo go yona kgwedi eo, o ne a amogela dikgetho di le tharo kwa 2026 BET Awards.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2026/05/2026-bet-awards-nominations-list-1236915232/ "Cardi B Leads All Nominees For 2026 BET Awards"]. Deadline. Retrieved May 19, 2026.</ref> O ne gape a tlhophiwa jaaka Best Female Hip-Hop Artist le Best Hip-Hop Song ("Take Me Thru Dere") kwa American Music Awards ya 2026.[ 10] == Botaki== Cameron o boletse fa Cardi B le Fridayy ba mo tlhotlheleditse mo mminong wa gagwe.<ref>Berry, Peter A. (July 16, 2026). "[https://www.xxlmag.com/ykniece/ YKNiece - 2026 XXL Freshman Freestyle, Interview and More"]. XXL Mag. Retrieved July 20, 2026.</ref> [[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang] == Dikinolo == iiv54effnzvlgyuvx7x0curu3bza1mr 54723 54722 2026-09-10T09:34:08Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 54723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shanice Cameron''' (o tshotswe ka 2003 kgotsa 2004), o itsege jaaka '''YKNiece''', ke rapper wa kwa Amerika go tswa kwa [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia]],, o itsege thata ka pina ya gagwe ya 2025 "Whim Whamiee" (a na le rapper Pluto wa kwa Atlanta), e e neng ya fitlha kwa maemong a bo 51 mo [[Billboard Hot 100]]. Gape ka 2025, Cameron o ne a tlhagelela mo go "Friend Do Remix" le Belly Gang Kushington, mmogo le "Take Me Thru Dere" (le Metro Boomin, Quavo, le Breskii), ya bofelo e ne ya fitlha kwa 51 mo Hot 100. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Cameron o ne a tsena sekolo sa Maynard H. Sekolo se Segolo sa Jackson.<ref>[https://www.ajc.com/arts-entertainment/2026/01/after-ruling-2025-with-guest-verses-yk-niece-is-ready-for-her-close-up/ "After ruling 2025 with guest verses, YK Niece is ready for her close-up"]. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved May 28, 2026.</ref> Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, Cameron o ne a ikwadisa kwa Yunibesithing ya Columbus State, koo a neng a ithutela booki pele a tlogela sekolo ka ntlha ya leroborobo la COVID-19. == Tiro ya gagwe == Pele a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya go nna rapper, Cameron o ne a dira jaaka motlhokomedi wa diphuthelwana tsa [[Pepsi]][https://www.ajc.com/arts-entertainment/2026/01/after-ruling-2025-with-guest-verses-yk-niece-is-ready-for-her-close-up/ <sup>[2<nowiki>]</nowiki></sup>]. O ne a simolola go dira mo kgweding ya Tlhakole 2025 ka pina e e reng [["Whim Whamiee"]], e e neng e na le ene jaaka moopedi yo mogolo mmogo le rapper Pluto. Pina e ne ya nna hit ya baopedi ka bobedi, e e neng e le mo maemong a bo 51 mo [[Billboard Hot 100]].<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/pluto-june-rookie-month-interview-whim-whamiee-sexyy-red-1236009529/ "PLUTO on 'Whim Whamiee' Success, Her Love for Future & Why Sexyy Red Is Her 'Big Sister'"]. Billboard. Retrieved May 28, 2026.</ref> Go ise go ye kae morago ga katlego ya pina eo, Cameron o ne a saena le Gaijin Records, e e neng ya golola pina ya gagwe ya ntlha e le nosi e e bidiwang "Pressure" ka Motsheganong 2025.<ref>[https://music.apple.com/us/album/pressure-single/1835625152 "Pressure - Single - Album by YKNIECE"]. Apple Music. Retrieved May 28, 2026.</ref>Mo go yona kgwedi eo, o ne a tlhagelela mo pina e e reng "Innit" le BunnaB, e e neng ya anama thata mo metsweding ya dikgang.<ref>[https://www.ajc.com/arts-entertainment/2025/07/atlantas-bunnab-made-a-hit-about-summer-now-shes-ready-to-rule-the-year/ "Atlanta's BunnaB made a hit about summer. Now, she's ready to rule the year"]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]. Retrieved May 28, 2026</ref> Ka Phatwe, o ne a tlhagelela mo pina e e reng [["Take Me Thru Dere"]] mmogo le [[Metro Boomin]], [[Quavo]] le [[Breskii]], e e neng ya fitlha kwa maemong a bo 51 mo Hot 100 mme ya fitlha kwa maemong a a kwa godimo mo Billboard's Rhythmic Airplay chart, a fa Cameron nomoro ya gagwe ya ntlha mo go nngwe le nngwe ya ditšhate tse dikgolo tsa mmino.<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/metro-boomin-quavo-breskii-ykniece-rhythmic-radio-number-1-1236164289/ "Metro Boomin's 'Take Me Thru Dere' Tops Rhythmic Airplay Chart"]. Billboard. Retrieved May 28, 2026.</ref>Ka September 2025, o ne a tlhagelela mo remix ya "Friend Do" ya Atlanta rapper Belly Gang Kushington, e e neng e le mo maemong a borataro mo Billboard's Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref>"[https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/belly-gang-kushington-billboard-hip-hop-rookie-march-2026-1236208180/ [[Belly Gang Kushington]] Is Bringing the Motivation Back to Atlanta Rap: 'This S–t Is Bliss for Me Right Now']". Billboard. Retrieved May 28, 2026</ref> Ka Motsheganong wa 2026, Cameron o ne a tlhagelela mo remix ya pina ya DaBaby "Pop Dat Thang", mmogo le GloRilla le Yung Miami. <ref>"[https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/993138-pop-dat-thang-remix-dababy-glorilla-ykniece-yung-miami POP DAT THANG (Remix) — Song By DaBaby featuring GloRilla, YKNIECE, & Yung Miami]". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved May 28, 2026.</ref>Mo go yona kgwedi eo, o ne a amogela dikgetho di le tharo kwa 2026 BET Awards.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2026/05/2026-bet-awards-nominations-list-1236915232/ "Cardi B Leads All Nominees For 2026 BET Awards"]. Deadline. Retrieved May 19, 2026.</ref> O ne gape a tlhophiwa jaaka Best Female Hip-Hop Artist le Best Hip-Hop Song ("Take Me Thru Dere") kwa American Music Awards ya 2026.[ 10] == Botaki== Cameron o boletse fa [[Cardi B]] le [[Fridayy]] ba mo tlhotlheleditse mo mminong wa gagwe.<ref>Berry, Peter A. (July 16, 2026). "[https://www.xxlmag.com/ykniece/ YKNiece - 2026 XXL Freshman Freestyle, Interview and More"]. XXL Mag. Retrieved July 20, 2026.</ref> [[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang] == Dikinolo == 8s1ui2mr4fj17fr6dt784qu57mzjm9g Katse 0 15009 54724 2026-09-10T11:06:55Z Canana12 12484 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373209793|Cat]]" 54724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Katse''' ( '''''Felis catus''''' ), e gape e bidiwang '''katse ya mo gae''' le '''katse ya mo ntlong''', ke seamusi se sennye se se ruiwang se se jang nama. Ke leloko la Felidae, lelapa la diamusi tsa tatelano ya Carnivora e gape e bidiwang dikatse ka puo ya tlwaelo. Ke sebatana se se jang nama, se se tlhokang dijo tse di nang le nama. Manala a yona a a gogelwang morago a tlwaetse go bolaya diphologolo tse dinnye jaaka magotlo le dipeba. E na le mmele o o nonofileng, o o kgonang go obega, e kgona go tsiboga ka bonako, le meno a a bogale, mme pono ya yone ya bosigo le go dupelela monkgo di godile sentle. Ke setshedi se se tsamaelanang le batho ba bangwe, mme se tsoma se le nosi le sebatana se se jang ditshedi tse dingwe ka maitseboa. Puisano ya dikatse e akaretsa go meoa, go rora, go dira modumo wa go tswirinya, [[wiktionary:hiss|go sisiya]], go rora, [[wiktionary:grunt|go dira modumo wa go ngunanguna]], puo ya mmele, le go tshwaya monkgo. E kgona go utlwa medumo e e bokoa thata kgotsa e e kwa godimo thata ka makhubu a modumo go feta a ditsebe tsa batho, jaaka e e dirwang ke diamusi tse dinnye. E ntsha le go lemoga dipheromone. Botlhale jwa katse bo bonala mo bokgoning jwa yone jwa go tlwaela maemo, go ithuta ka go ela tlhoko le go rarabolola mathata. Katse ya mo gae ke yona fela mofuta o o ruilweng wa lelapa la Felidae. Dikgatelopele mo thutamaropeng le mo thutong ya dijini e bontshitse gore go ruiwa ga katse go simolotse kwa Botlhabagare jo bo Gaufi mo e ka nnang ka 7500 BCE. Gompieno, katse ya mo gae e fitlhelwa go ralala lefatshe mme e tseelwa kwa godimo ke batho ka ntlha ya botsalano le bokgoni jwa yona jwa go bolaya ditshenekegi. Gantsi e ruiwa jaaka phologotswana ya mo gae, katse e e dirang, le katse ya losika e e bontshiwang kwa ditiragalong tsa go kgatlha dikatse. Mo dikatseng tsa mo gae tse di fopholediwang go nna dimilione di le 600 mo lefatsheng ka bophara, di ka nna dimilione di le 400&nbsp;di nna kwa Asia, go akaretsa di ka nna dimilione di le 58 kwa China. Go fopholediwa gore go na le dikatse di ka nna dimilione di le 73.8 kwa United States, mme kwa United Kingdom go na le dikatse di ka nna dimilione di le 10,9. Gape e tsamaya e gololesegile jaaka katse e e tlhaga, e tila go kopana le batho. Go latlhiwa ga diruiwa tsa mo gae go dira gore palo ya dikatse tsa naga e oketsege mo lefatsheng lotlhe, e leng se se dirileng gore mefuta ya dinonyane, diamusi le digagabi e fokotsege. Taolo ya palo e akaretsa go tswala katse ya sesadi gore e se ka ya tlhagisa bana le go thibela katse ya sesimane gore e se ka ya tsala. == Thutotlhagelelo le go naya maina == Tshimologo ya lefoko la Seesemane ''cat'', Seesemane sa bogologolo {{Lang|ang|catt}}, go akanngwa gore ke lefoko la Bofelo la seLatine {{Lang|la|cattus}}, e e neng ya dirisiwa la ntlha kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo6 la dingwaga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=McKnight |first=G. H. |date=1923 |title=English Words and Their Background |publisher=[[D. Appleton and Company]] |location=New York, London |pages=293–311 |chapter=Words and Archaeology |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/englishwordsthei00mckn/page/300}}</ref> Lefoko la seLatine la Morago le ka tswa le tswa mo puong e e sa itsiweng ya seAforika. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Pictet |first=A. |date=1859 |title=Les origines indo-européennes ou les Aryas primitifs: essai de paléontologie linguistique |publisher=Joël Cherbuliez |volume=1 |location=Paris |page=381 |language=fr}}</ref> Lefoko la seNubia {{Lang|nub|kaddîska}} 'katse ya naga' le Nobiin {{Lang|nub|kadīs}} ke metswedi e e ka nnang teng kgotsa di-cognate. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Keller |first=O. |date=1909 |title=Die antike Tierwelt |publisher=[[Walther von Wartburg]] |volume=Säugetiere |location=Leipzig |page=75 |language=de}}</ref> Gape dipopego tseno di ka tswa di tswa mo lefokong la bogologolo la seJeremane le le neng la tsenngwa mo seLatineng mme morago ga moo mo seGerikeng, seSiria le seArabia. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Huehnergard |first=J. |date=2008 |title=Classical Arabic Humanities in Their Own Terms: Festschrift for Wolfhart Heinrichs on his 65th Birthday |publisher=[[Brill (publisher)|Brill]] |isbn=978-90-04-16573-1 |editor-last=Gruendler |editor-first=B. |location=Leiden, Boston |pages=407–418 |chapter=Qitta: Arabic Cats |access-date=25 October 2020 |editor-last2=Cooperson |editor-first2=M. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n1_qqgNTsX8C&pg=PA407 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331062414/https://books.google.com/books?id=n1_qqgNTsX8C&pg=PA407 |archive-date=31 March 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Lefoko le le ka tswa mo dipuong tsa seJeremane le tsa Yuropa Bokone, mme kwa bofelong la adimiwa mo Se-Uralic, cf. Se-Sámi {{Lang|se|gáđfi}} 'namagadi ya nama', le {{Lang|hu|hölgy}} Se-Hungary 'mohumagadi, stoat ya mosadi'; go tswa go Se-Ural {{Lang|mis|*käďwä}} 'e namagadi (ya phologolo e e nang le boboa)'. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kroonen |first=G. |date=2013 |title=Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-18340-7 |location=Leiden, Netherlands |page=281f}}</ref> q3iwf51d3qsrc483zxiql3eo32wdby6 Anita Cornwell 0 15010 54725 2026-09-10T11:32:33Z Kentsem 12953 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362468627|Anita Cornwell]]" 54725 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anita Cornwell''' yoo tshedileng go simolola ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi ale masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1923 go fitlha kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi ale masome mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2023, e ne e le mokwadi wa basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong wa ko Amerika. Ka ngwaga wa 1983, o ne a kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa ntlha tsa motho montsho wako Amerika yoo ratanang ka bong, Motho montsho yoo ratanang ka bong ''kwa Amerika wa batho basweu'' . <ref name="Nickels">{{Cite book |last=Nickels |first=Thom |year=2002 |title=Gay and lesbian Philadelphia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TapnuOUmXo8C&pg=PA74 |publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]] |isbn=0-7385-1000-9 |location= |pages=74 |doi= |id=}} </ref> Cornwell o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi ale masome mabedi le boraro, ka ngwaga wa 1923, kwa Greenwood, go tswa mo borwa jwa Carolina, <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite book |last=Angela Bowen |year=2000 |title=Lesbian Histories and Cultures: an Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0EUoCrFolGcC&pg=PA203 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=0-8153-1920-7 |editor-last=Bonnie Zimmerman |location= |pages=203–204 |doi= |id=}}</ref> Cornwell o ne a fudugela kwa Pennsylvania a le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro, a nna pele kwa Yeadon le mmangwaneagwe, morago a nna le mmaagwe, <ref name="Zimmerman" /> yo o neng a fudugela kwa bokone fa Cornwell a le dingwaga dile lesome le boferabobedi. Cornwell o ne a na le motsalwaleene ale mongwe wa rre yo motona. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Anita Cornwell, October 6, 1993 · Philadelphia LGBT History Project · OutHistory.org: It's About Time |url=http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/philadelphia-lgbt-interviews/interviews/cornwell |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603010526/http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/philadelphia-lgbt-interviews/interviews/cornwell |archive-date=June 3, 2019 |access-date=November 21, 2019 |website=outhistory.org}}</ref> O ne a aloga kwa mmadikolo ebong Temple University ka dithuto tsa B. S. mo go tsa bobegadikgang le maranyane a tsa loago ka ngwaga wa 1948. <ref name="Zimmerman" /> <ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=|pages=22}} </ref> O berekile ele mmegadikgang mo dikomponeng tsa dipampiri tsa dikgang ebong ''Philadelphia Tribune'' le <nowiki><i id="mwKw">The Philadelphia Evening Bulletin</i></nowiki> . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Brownworth |first=Victoria A. |date=2019-05-16 |title=The Road to Stonewall: Anita Cornwell |url=https://epgn.com/2019/05/16/the-road-to-stonewall-anita-cornwell/ |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=Philadelphia Gay News |language=en-US}}</ref> Gape e ne e le mokwaledi mo dikomponeng tsedi ikemetseng ka nosi le mo go tsaga goromente, jaaka Lefapha la Thuso ya Setšhaba la Philadelphia . <ref name="Zimmerman" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stein |first=Mark |date=6 October 1993 |title=Anita Cornwell (born 1923), Interviewed October 6, 1993 |url=https://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/philadelphia-lgbt-interviews/int/cornwell |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Outhistory}}</ref> Dikwalo tsa ntlha tsa ga Cornwell, tse di gatisitsweng mo pampiri ya ''The Ladder'' le ''ya The Negro Digest'' ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950, e ne e le dingwe tsa ntlha go lemoga mokwadi wa montsho yoo ratanang ka bong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Janet |title=Anita Cornwell: Remembrance of things present |url=http://www.amusejanetmason.com/Anita_Cornwell.htm}}</ref> Dikgatiso tse dingwe tse tiro ya gagwe e tlhageletseng mo go tsone di akaretsa ''Feminist Review'', ''Labyrinth'', ''National Leader'', ''Los Angeles Free Press, Azalea: Makasine wa Third World Lesbians,, le BLACK/OUT'' (e e gatisitsweng kwa Philadelphia ke mmoki Joe Beam ). <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brownworth |first=Victoria A. |date=2023-06-07 |title=Anita Cornwell, groundbreaking Black lesbian writer, dies at 99 |url=https://epgn.com/2023/06/07/anita-cornwell-groundbreaking-black-lesbian-writer-dies-at-99/ |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=Philadelphia Gay News |language=en-US}}</ref> E ne e le leloko la Daughters of Bilitis, gape e ne e le mosimolodi wa kgaolo ya Philadelphia ya Radicalesbians, setlhopha sa balwela ditshwanelo tsa basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong . <ref name=":1" /> Buka ya ntlha ya ga Cornwell ya ''Black Lesbian in White America e gatisitswe ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola gangwe ka ngwaga wa 1983'', e e akaretsang ditlhamo tsa gagwe le DIpotsolotso le molwela ditshwanelo Audre Lorde, e lemogiwa thata jaaka kokoanyo ya ntlha ya ditlhamo tsa mosadi yoo ratanang ka bong wa motho montsho yo montsho. Ketapele ya buka e kwadilwe ke mokwadi ka ene, mosadi wa motho montsho yoo ratanang ka bong yoo nnang ko America Becky Birtha, yo o tlhalosang ka botlalo tshekatsheko e e tseneletseng ya ga Cornwell ya kgatelelo ya letso le thobalano ee basadi baba ratanang ka bong ba lebaganeng le yone le gore go ka rarabololwa jang kgatelelo ya bong jo bo tshwanang. <ref name=":1" /> Cornwell o ne a botsolotsa bakwadi ba ba farologanyeng ba ba itsegeng ba batho bantsho, jaaka Pat Parker, Barbara Smith, le Audre Lorde . <ref name="Inquirer-Obit">{{Cite web |last=Feliciano Reyes |first=Juliana |date=5 June 2023 |title=Anita Cornwell, groundbreaking Black lesbian feminist writer, has died at 99 |url=https://www.inquirer.com/obituaries/anita-cornwell-dies-black-lesbian-feminist-essays-philadelphia-20230605.html |access-date=2023-06-05 |website=Inquirer.com |publisher=The Philadelphia Inquirer}}</ref> Bontsi jwa mekwalo ya gagwe e ne ya gatisiwa ka a ne a amogela dikwalo dile mmalwa tsedi neng dimo gana go tswa kwa go baba gatisang, baba neng a bolela gore tiro ya gagwe ga e tsamaisane le setshwantsho se go tweng dikgatiso di na le sone. <ref name="Inquirer-Obit" /> Dikwalo tsa ga Cornwell di ne tsa sekaseka megopolo ya go gatelela basadi, nako e telele pele ga mareo ao a tlhagelela mo thanoding ya dikwalo le ya loago . <ref name="Inquirer-Obit" /> Cornwell o ne a nna a ya kwa lefelong la basadi la mmadikolo wa Pennsylvania, mme gantsi o ne a bala tiro ya gagwe mo boagelong jwa ko mmadikolo, kwa William Way LDBT Community Center, mo phaposing ya ga Giovanni, le mafelo a mangwe mo Philadelphia. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> O ne a tlotliwa ke ba moletlo wa Annual Lambda Literary, o o neng o tshwaretswe kwa Philadelphia ka ngwaga wa 2000. <ref name="Nickels" /> Mo dingwageng tsa gagwe tsedi ko moragonyana, Cornwell o ne a tshwarwa ka bolwetse jwa go amega ga tlhaloganyo . <ref name=":1" /> O ne a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi ale masome mabedi le bosupa, ka ngwaga wa 2023, a le dingwaga di le masome aa ferabongwe le malatsi ale ferabongwe. <ref name="Inquirer-Obit" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=WRITER |first=James Jackson TRIBUNE STAFF |date=2023-06-05 |title=Anita Cornwell, lesbian author and activist, dies at 99 |url=https://www.phillytrib.com/obituaries/anita-cornwell-lesbian-author-and-activist-dies-at-99/article_547226b7-b03e-5a07-bd7c-a6e54f2a311a.html |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=The Philadelphia Tribune |language=en}}</ref> * ''Black Lesbian in White Americaa'' (ditlhamo, Naiad Press, 1983 ) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Cornwell |first=Anita |date=1983 |title=Black lesbian in white America |isbn=0-930044-41-X |edition=First |location=Tallahassee, Florida |oclc=8907420}}</ref> * ''The Girls of Summer'' ( buka ya basha, 1989 ) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Cornwell |first=Anita |date=1989 |title=The girls of summer |publisher=New Seed Press |others=Kelly Caines |isbn=0-938678-11-6 |location=Berkeley, CA. |oclc=21148579}}</ref> <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} * Potsoloso ya [https://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/philadelphia-lgbt-interviews/int/cornwell Philadelphia LGBT History project le Anita Cornwell], e e kwadilweng ke Marc Stein, Phalane a tlhola malatsi ale marataro, ngwaga wa 1993. * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LUbDnPzTgo Black Queer Writers Remembered: A Black Queer Community Reads Anita Cornwell and Adrian Stanford], ka PACSCL Video Central, Mopitlo a tlhola malatsi ale lesome le botlhano , ngwaga wa 2023. [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] cswa42thmgko841b0kr79ekypts6ciy 54726 54725 2026-09-10T11:45:32Z Kentsem 12953 Kentsem moved page [[Anita Konewele]] to [[Anita Cornwell]]: There was incorrect spelling of article page 54725 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anita Cornwell''' yoo tshedileng go simolola ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi ale masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1923 go fitlha kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi ale masome mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2023, e ne e le mokwadi wa basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong wa ko Amerika. Ka ngwaga wa 1983, o ne a kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa ntlha tsa motho montsho wako Amerika yoo ratanang ka bong, Motho montsho yoo ratanang ka bong ''kwa Amerika wa batho basweu'' . <ref name="Nickels">{{Cite book |last=Nickels |first=Thom |year=2002 |title=Gay and lesbian Philadelphia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TapnuOUmXo8C&pg=PA74 |publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]] |isbn=0-7385-1000-9 |location= |pages=74 |doi= |id=}} </ref> Cornwell o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi ale masome mabedi le boraro, ka ngwaga wa 1923, kwa Greenwood, go tswa mo borwa jwa Carolina, <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite book |last=Angela Bowen |year=2000 |title=Lesbian Histories and Cultures: an Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0EUoCrFolGcC&pg=PA203 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=0-8153-1920-7 |editor-last=Bonnie Zimmerman |location= |pages=203–204 |doi= |id=}}</ref> Cornwell o ne a fudugela kwa Pennsylvania a le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro, a nna pele kwa Yeadon le mmangwaneagwe, morago a nna le mmaagwe, <ref name="Zimmerman" /> yo o neng a fudugela kwa bokone fa Cornwell a le dingwaga dile lesome le boferabobedi. Cornwell o ne a na le motsalwaleene ale mongwe wa rre yo motona. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Anita Cornwell, October 6, 1993 · Philadelphia LGBT History Project · OutHistory.org: It's About Time |url=http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/philadelphia-lgbt-interviews/interviews/cornwell |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603010526/http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/philadelphia-lgbt-interviews/interviews/cornwell |archive-date=June 3, 2019 |access-date=November 21, 2019 |website=outhistory.org}}</ref> O ne a aloga kwa mmadikolo ebong Temple University ka dithuto tsa B. S. mo go tsa bobegadikgang le maranyane a tsa loago ka ngwaga wa 1948. <ref name="Zimmerman" /> <ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=|pages=22}} </ref> O berekile ele mmegadikgang mo dikomponeng tsa dipampiri tsa dikgang ebong ''Philadelphia Tribune'' le <nowiki><i id="mwKw">The Philadelphia Evening Bulletin</i></nowiki> . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Brownworth |first=Victoria A. |date=2019-05-16 |title=The Road to Stonewall: Anita Cornwell |url=https://epgn.com/2019/05/16/the-road-to-stonewall-anita-cornwell/ |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=Philadelphia Gay News |language=en-US}}</ref> Gape e ne e le mokwaledi mo dikomponeng tsedi ikemetseng ka nosi le mo go tsaga goromente, jaaka Lefapha la Thuso ya Setšhaba la Philadelphia . <ref name="Zimmerman" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stein |first=Mark |date=6 October 1993 |title=Anita Cornwell (born 1923), Interviewed October 6, 1993 |url=https://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/philadelphia-lgbt-interviews/int/cornwell |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Outhistory}}</ref> Dikwalo tsa ntlha tsa ga Cornwell, tse di gatisitsweng mo pampiri ya ''The Ladder'' le ''ya The Negro Digest'' ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950, e ne e le dingwe tsa ntlha go lemoga mokwadi wa montsho yoo ratanang ka bong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Janet |title=Anita Cornwell: Remembrance of things present |url=http://www.amusejanetmason.com/Anita_Cornwell.htm}}</ref> Dikgatiso tse dingwe tse tiro ya gagwe e tlhageletseng mo go tsone di akaretsa ''Feminist Review'', ''Labyrinth'', ''National Leader'', ''Los Angeles Free Press, Azalea: Makasine wa Third World Lesbians,, le BLACK/OUT'' (e e gatisitsweng kwa Philadelphia ke mmoki Joe Beam ). <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brownworth |first=Victoria A. |date=2023-06-07 |title=Anita Cornwell, groundbreaking Black lesbian writer, dies at 99 |url=https://epgn.com/2023/06/07/anita-cornwell-groundbreaking-black-lesbian-writer-dies-at-99/ |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=Philadelphia Gay News |language=en-US}}</ref> E ne e le leloko la Daughters of Bilitis, gape e ne e le mosimolodi wa kgaolo ya Philadelphia ya Radicalesbians, setlhopha sa balwela ditshwanelo tsa basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong . <ref name=":1" /> Buka ya ntlha ya ga Cornwell ya ''Black Lesbian in White America e gatisitswe ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola gangwe ka ngwaga wa 1983'', e e akaretsang ditlhamo tsa gagwe le DIpotsolotso le molwela ditshwanelo Audre Lorde, e lemogiwa thata jaaka kokoanyo ya ntlha ya ditlhamo tsa mosadi yoo ratanang ka bong wa motho montsho yo montsho. Ketapele ya buka e kwadilwe ke mokwadi ka ene, mosadi wa motho montsho yoo ratanang ka bong yoo nnang ko America Becky Birtha, yo o tlhalosang ka botlalo tshekatsheko e e tseneletseng ya ga Cornwell ya kgatelelo ya letso le thobalano ee basadi baba ratanang ka bong ba lebaganeng le yone le gore go ka rarabololwa jang kgatelelo ya bong jo bo tshwanang. <ref name=":1" /> Cornwell o ne a botsolotsa bakwadi ba ba farologanyeng ba ba itsegeng ba batho bantsho, jaaka Pat Parker, Barbara Smith, le Audre Lorde . <ref name="Inquirer-Obit">{{Cite web |last=Feliciano Reyes |first=Juliana |date=5 June 2023 |title=Anita Cornwell, groundbreaking Black lesbian feminist writer, has died at 99 |url=https://www.inquirer.com/obituaries/anita-cornwell-dies-black-lesbian-feminist-essays-philadelphia-20230605.html |access-date=2023-06-05 |website=Inquirer.com |publisher=The Philadelphia Inquirer}}</ref> Bontsi jwa mekwalo ya gagwe e ne ya gatisiwa ka a ne a amogela dikwalo dile mmalwa tsedi neng dimo gana go tswa kwa go baba gatisang, baba neng a bolela gore tiro ya gagwe ga e tsamaisane le setshwantsho se go tweng dikgatiso di na le sone. <ref name="Inquirer-Obit" /> Dikwalo tsa ga Cornwell di ne tsa sekaseka megopolo ya go gatelela basadi, nako e telele pele ga mareo ao a tlhagelela mo thanoding ya dikwalo le ya loago . <ref name="Inquirer-Obit" /> Cornwell o ne a nna a ya kwa lefelong la basadi la mmadikolo wa Pennsylvania, mme gantsi o ne a bala tiro ya gagwe mo boagelong jwa ko mmadikolo, kwa William Way LDBT Community Center, mo phaposing ya ga Giovanni, le mafelo a mangwe mo Philadelphia. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> O ne a tlotliwa ke ba moletlo wa Annual Lambda Literary, o o neng o tshwaretswe kwa Philadelphia ka ngwaga wa 2000. <ref name="Nickels" /> Mo dingwageng tsa gagwe tsedi ko moragonyana, Cornwell o ne a tshwarwa ka bolwetse jwa go amega ga tlhaloganyo . <ref name=":1" /> O ne a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi ale masome mabedi le bosupa, ka ngwaga wa 2023, a le dingwaga di le masome aa ferabongwe le malatsi ale ferabongwe. <ref name="Inquirer-Obit" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=WRITER |first=James Jackson TRIBUNE STAFF |date=2023-06-05 |title=Anita Cornwell, lesbian author and activist, dies at 99 |url=https://www.phillytrib.com/obituaries/anita-cornwell-lesbian-author-and-activist-dies-at-99/article_547226b7-b03e-5a07-bd7c-a6e54f2a311a.html |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=The Philadelphia Tribune |language=en}}</ref> * ''Black Lesbian in White Americaa'' (ditlhamo, Naiad Press, 1983 ) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Cornwell |first=Anita |date=1983 |title=Black lesbian in white America |isbn=0-930044-41-X |edition=First |location=Tallahassee, Florida |oclc=8907420}}</ref> * ''The Girls of Summer'' ( buka ya basha, 1989 ) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Cornwell |first=Anita |date=1989 |title=The girls of summer |publisher=New Seed Press |others=Kelly Caines |isbn=0-938678-11-6 |location=Berkeley, CA. |oclc=21148579}}</ref> <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} * Potsoloso ya [https://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/philadelphia-lgbt-interviews/int/cornwell Philadelphia LGBT History project le Anita Cornwell], e e kwadilweng ke Marc Stein, Phalane a tlhola malatsi ale marataro, ngwaga wa 1993. * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LUbDnPzTgo Black Queer Writers Remembered: A Black Queer Community Reads Anita Cornwell and Adrian Stanford], ka PACSCL Video Central, Mopitlo a tlhola malatsi ale lesome le botlhano , ngwaga wa 2023. [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] cswa42thmgko841b0kr79ekypts6ciy Anita Konewele 0 15011 54727 2026-09-10T11:45:32Z Kentsem 12953 Kentsem moved page [[Anita Konewele]] to [[Anita Cornwell]]: There was incorrect spelling of article page 54727 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Anita Cornwell]] izjmgmuc57u99x7894avsc0fjxal7zf