Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2055 54967 52909 2026-09-16T18:35:41Z IntergratedLearning 12501 Created by translating the section "Culture" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360281110|Francistown]]" 54967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Botswana Place|image=One of the main buidlings on the square in Francistown (3296267241).jpg|District=North-East|Population=103,422 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Housing Census 2022:Population of Cities, Town and Villages|url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/population-and-housing-census-2022population-cities-town-and-villages-0|website=Statistics Botswana|access-date=2022-06-07|date=2022-06-03}}</ref> |Foundation=1897|Elevation=1,001 m (3,284 ft)|BotswanaMap={{Location map|Botswana |width = 240 |float = none |lat_deg = -21.17 |lon_deg = 27.50 }}}} Francistown ke toropo ya bobedi ka bogolo mo lefatshe la Botswana, e e nang le baagi ba ka nna dikete di le lekgolo le boraro, makgolo a mane le lesome le bosupa le baagi ba le dikete di le lekgolo le masome a mane le bosupa le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le bobedi mo kgobokanong ya yone ka palobatho ya ngwaga wa 2022.<ref>Central Statistics Office (January 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160923062237/http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/HouseHold/2006_bdsrprt.pdf "BOTSWANA DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY 2006"] (PDF). Gaborone, Botswana. Archived from [http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/HouseHold/2006_bdsrprt.pdf the original] (PDF) on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2010.</ref> O kwa botlhaba jwa Botswana, seelo sa dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a mane (seele sa maele se le makgolo a mabedi le botlhano) kwa bokone go ya kwa bokone-botlhaba go tswa kwa motsemogolo wa, [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]]. Toropo ya Francistown e mo kgolaganong ya dinoka tsa [[:en:Tati_River|Tati]] le Ntshe, gape e le gaufi le [[:en:Shashe_River|noka ya Shashe]] (e e [[:en:Tributary|elelang]] e tswa kwa [[:en:Limpopo_River|Limpopo]]) le seelo sa dikilometara di le masome a borobabongwe (maele a le masome a matlhano le borataro) go tswa kwa molelwaneng wa boditšhabatšhaba le lefatshe la [[:en:Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]. Toropo ya Francistown e ne e le boremelelo jwa tlhatlogo ya [[:en:Gold_rush|ntlha ya gauta]] mo [[:en:Southern_Africa|Borwa jwa Aforika]] mme e santse e dikologilwe ke [[:en:Mining|meepo]] ya bogologolo le e e tlogetsweng. Toropokgolo ya Francistown ke kgaolo ya tsamaiso, e kgaogantswe le [[:en:North-East_District_(Botswana)|Kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba]]. E tsamaisiwa ke Lekgotla la Toropo ya Francistown. <ref>Laws of Botswana {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723192435/http://www.laws.gov.bw/|date=23 July 2011}}, Ministry of Local Government {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090718061659/http://www.mlg.gov.bw/|date=18 July 2009}}</ref>Puo ya konokono e e buiwang e bile e dirisiwa mo motse mogolong wa Francistown le mo tikologong ya yone ke [[:en:Kalanga_language|Sekalaka]]. Dipuo tse dingwe tse di dirisiwang mo kgaolong e ke [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_language|Setebele]], [[:en:Shona_language|Seshona]] ga mmogo le [[:en:Tswana_language|SeTswana]]. Toropo ya Francistown ke yone fela toropo mo Botswana e e nang le leina la sekgowa. Ga go na ditoropo tse di bidiwang ka puo ya Seesemane mme go nale metse e le mmalwa fela e e nang le maina a Seesemane. {{OSM Location map | coord={{coord|-21.171699641079428|27.506115148556127}} | float= right | zoom = 13 | width = 300 | height = 300 | mark-coord1 = {{coord|-21.16835337491147|27.505133716907885}} | mark-title1 = Our Lady of the Desert Cathedral | shape1=n-circle | shape-color1=light blue | shape-outline1=white |label-color= soft grey | mark-size1=16 | mark-coord2 = {{coord|-21.160288823358435|27.49853973682843}} | mark-title2 = Francistown City Stadium | mark-coord3 = {{coord|-21.158310676027003|27.50804161908857}} | mark-title3 = Supa Ngwao Museum | mark-coord4 = {{coord|-21.16428393053207|27.511683584814477}} | mark-title4 = Francistown Central Park | mark-coord5 = {{coord|-21.16268010678203|27.511275761917428}} | mark-title5 = Jamia Masjid | caption = Important Places in Francistown | auto-caption=1 }} ==Ditso== Le fa bosupi jwa gore batho ba ne ba nna koo bo boela kwa morago dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le lesome, bosupi jo bo kwadilweng ke jwa bosheng. Bosupi jwa ditiragalo tsa ditso bo supa fa toropo ya Francistown e simolotse e le mongwe wa metse ya morafe wa Bakalaka. Nyangabgwe e ne e le motse o o gaufi le Francistown o o kileng wa etelwa ke batho ba karolo e kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng dikarolo tsa mafatshe a mangwe mo teng ba Europe, fa o ne o etelwa ke morongwa, [[:en:Robert_Moffat_(missionary)|Robert Moffat]]. Moffat o ne a latelwa ka ngwaga wa 1867 ke mmatli wa gauta, [[:en:Karl_Mauch|Karl Mauch]] yo o neng a bona gauta ya meepo ya Bakalaka go bapa le [[:en:Tati_River|Noka ya Tati]], mme a phatlalatsa Masimo a Gauta a Tati a simolola go batla gauta ga ntlha ga Borwa jwa Aforika.<ref>Eriksson, Patrick G.; Altermann, W.; Förtsch, E. B. (1995). "Transvaal Sequence and Bushveld Complex". ''Mineralium Deposita''. '''30''' (2): 85–88. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995MinDe..30...85E 1995MinDe..30...85E]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00189337|10.1007/BF00189337.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:140649997 140649997].</ref> Motse wa gone jaana o ne wa tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 1897 jaaka bonno jo bo gaufi le moepo wa Monarch mme wa tewa ka Daniel Francis, mmatlisisi wa [[:en:English_people|Moesemane]] go tswa kwa [[:en:Liverpool|Liverpool]] yo o neng a bona ditetla tsa go batlisisa mo kgaolong ka ngwaga wa 1869.<ref>Fred Morton, Jeff Ramsay, Part Themba Mgadla, ''Historical Dictionary of Botswana'', Scarecrow Press, USA, 2008, pg. 120</ref>Francis e ne e le mokaedi wa [[:en:Tati_Concessions_Land|Lefatshe la Dithebolelo la Tati(Tati Concessions Land]]) (Kompone ya Dithebolelo tsa Tati), e e neng ya tsaya lefatshe leo mo go [[:en:Lobengula|Kgosi Lobengula]]. Bogare jwa toropo e ntšha bo ne jwa tlhamiwa fa kompone eo e ne e rekisa ditsha di le makgolo a mararo ka kgwedi ya August wa ngwaga oo. Moepo wa Monarch e ne e se one fela moepo o o neng o dira ka nako eo, mme go ne go dumelwa thata gore toropo ya Francistown e tlaa gola ka bonako. Kwa tshimologong, toropo e ne e na le mmila o le mongwe kwa botlhaba jwa, le go bapa le mola wa seporo. Mmila o o ne o na le di kompone di le mmalwa, go akaretsa le maroko a baeng a le mabedi (Grand le Tati), mabentlele a a mabotlana a a rekisang le a a magolo a a rekisang dilo tse dintsi le dibanka di le tharo. [[Setshwantsho:The main square in Francistown (3297095166).jpg|thumb]] [[Setshwantsho:One of the main buidlings on the square in Francistown (3296267241).jpg|thumb|Khutlonne ya konokono ya Toropo ya Francistown]] Pele ga boipuso , toropo ya Francistown e ne e le boremelelo jo bogolo jwa kgwebo mo Botswana. Ka ngwaga wa 1897, kompone eo e ne ya rekisa bontlhanngwe jwa lefatshe leo gore e dirisiwe mo go lone le go dira kgwebo mo go lone. Motse o simolotse e le toropo ya meepo ya gauta, mme gauta e ne ya tshegetsa itsholelo ya lefelo leo go tloga kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800 go fitlha ka dingwaga tsa bo 1930. Fa gauta e ne e ribololwa lantlha gaufi le fano ka ngwaga wa 1869 e ne ya tsosa kgatelelo ya gauta ya ntlha mo [[:en:Africa|Aforika]] dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano pele ga kgolo ya gauta kwa lefelong la [[:en:Witwatersrand|Witwatersrand]] kwa lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa. Madirelo a ne a amiwa thata ke kwelotlase ya lefatshe lotlhe ya dingwaga tsa bo 1930. Magareng ga ngwaga ya 1936 le ya 1980, itsholelo ya motse mogolo wa Francistown e ne e tshegeditswe thata kgotsa e ikaegile thata ka [[:en:Witwatersrand_Native_Labour_Association|Mokgatlho wa Badiri ba Baagi ba Witwatersrand]], kompone e e neng e thapa badiri mo meepong ya lefatshe la Aforika Borwa. Badiri ba meepo ba ne ba thapiwa go tswa kwa mafatsheng a a mantsi a karolo kgolo ya Aforika, mme ba isiwa kwa lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa ba heta ka toropo ya Francistown ka sefofane kgotsa ka terena. Mmila wa Haskins (o o bidiwang ka lelapa le le tlhageletseng mo toropong pele ga boipuso) e ne e le tsela ya ntlha ya go tsenngwa sekontiri mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1966, toropo e godile thata ka ntlha ya kgwebisano e e matlhagatlhaga ya go kgabaganya melelwane le Rhodesia kgotsa Zimbabwe. Ka ngwaga wa 1997, Francistown e ne ya nna toropo, ya bo bobedi ya Botswana morago ga Gaborone. Ka toropo eo e le mo thoko ga ditsela tse dikgolo tsa lefatshe la Botswana le ditsela tse dipalangwa tsa terena, meepo, kgwebo le temothuo e nnile dikarolo tse di botlhokwa tsa itsholelo ya yone. Tati Nickel, Setlhopa sa dikgao sa Madirelo sa Dumela le Komishene ya Nama ya Botswana ke tsone tse di tlhotlheletsang itsholelo mo toropong eo. Maphata a puso le a e seng a puso ka bobedi a solegela itsholelo ya selegae molemo. == Itsholelo == === Meepo === Toropo ya Francistown e mo ditseleng tsa konokono tsa lefatshe la Botswana tsa dipalamo le tsa difofane le tsa ditsela; [[:en:Mining|meepo]] le [[:en:Agriculture|temothuo]] di botlhokwa. Dikompone tse dikgolo tsa meepo di akaretsa Tati Nickel, e e leng ya ga [[:en:Norilsk_Nickel|Norilsk Nickel]], e e nang le ditiro kwa meepong ya Selkirk le Phoenix, e e tlhagisang thata [[:en:Cobalt|khobalte]], [[:en:Copper|kopore]] le [[:en:Nickel|nikele]].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20100708015011/http://www.nornik.ru/en/our_products/norilsknickelafrica/ Norilsk Nickel]". Retrieved 25 July 2010.</ref>Setlhopa sa dikago tsa Madirelo sa Dumela, e leng lefelo la madirelo, ke mothapi yo o botlhokwa; madirelo a Botswana Metal Refinery a ne a agiwa ka ngwaga wa 2008 gaufi le toropo eo. Le fa go ntse jalo, lenaneo le le ne la emisiwa ka ntlha ya ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo.<ref>Gabathuse, Ryder (6 June 2008). "[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=32&dir=2008/June/Friday6 P3bn Tati project crashes]". Francistown, Botswana: Mmegi. Retrieved 25 July 2010.</ref> === Bobegadikgang === Mokgatlho wa bobegakgang wa toropo e o sa ntse o le mo tshimologong. Bobegadikgang bo akaretsa lokwalo la dikgang lwa Botswana lwa [[:en:The_Voice_(Botswana)|''The Voice'']], lo lo simolotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1993. Lo ke [[:en:Tabloid_newspaper|lokwalo la dikgang lwa mofuta wa tabloid]] lo lo tumileng thata lo le lone lo neng lo phatlaladitse diphuka tsa lone kwa toropokgolo ya, [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]]. == Seemo sa bosa == Toropo ya Francistown e na le seemo sa bosa se se mogote [[:en:Semi-arid_climate|se se omileng go sekae]], ka selemo se se bothitho go ya kwa mogoteng le mariga a a bonolo. Motse o ka palogare o bona pula ya selekanyo sa dimilimitara di le makgolo a mane le masome a marataro (kgotsa boleele jwa di inch tse lesome le borobabobedi ) ka ngwaga. Motse o o na le paka e khutshwane ya dipula e e simololang ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole go fitlhela ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le paka e telele ya komelelo e e akaretsang dikgwedi tse di robangbobedi tse di setseng. Toropo ya Francistown e amogela ka palogare fela selekanyo sa dimilimitara di le tharo ( kgotsa boleele jwa di inch ya lefela ntlha nngwe pedi ) tsa pula ka nako ya setlhoa sa paka ya yona ya komelelo (go tloga ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Phatwe), e leng nako e gape e itemogelang mogote wa yone o le tsididi thata. Ka palogare, mogote o o kwa tlase gantsi o wela kwa tlase ga degree Celsius di le robedi (8 °C), kgotsa Fahrenheit di le masome a mane le borataro (46 °F) mo dikgweding tse di umakilweng fa godimo. Mogote o o kwa godimo o o kwadisitsweng kwa toropong ya Francistown e ne e le degree Celsius di le masome a mane le nngwe ntlha nngwe (41.1 °C), kgotsa degree Fahrenheit di le lekgolo le borataro ntlha lefela (106.0 °F) mme mogote o o kwa tlase o o kwadisitsweng e ne e le degree Celsius tse di kwa tlase ga lefela di le thataro ntlha botlhano (−6.5 °C), kgotsa degree Fahrenheit di le masome a mabedi ntlha tharo (20.3 °F).<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20081203143334/http://www.weather.info.bw/resources/entry_fs.html Botswana's Climate]". Meteorological Services Botswana. Archived from [http://www.weather.info.bw/resources/entry_fs.html the original] on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2021.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Flag of Francistown.png|none|thumb|55x55px]] [[Setshwantsho:Photo Submission by Aone Mokwena (4).jpg|thumb|Francistown ko ditereneng]] [[Setshwantsho:Francistown Stadium Botswana.jpg|thumb|Lebala la Francistown]] [[Setshwantsho:The main square in Francistown (3297095166).jpg|thumb|Main square kwa Francistown]] [[Setshwantsho:Francistown bus terminal.jpg|thumb|Seteishene sa Dibase tsa Francistown]] == Dipalopalo == Fa e sa le go tlhongwa ga toropo ya Francistown jaaka lefelo la meepo ya gouta le bogare sa seporo mo lekgolong la dingwaga (lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe), palo ya baagi ba motse o e ntse e oketsega ka iketlo le ka nako tsotlhe.Toropo ya Francistown ke motse wa bobedi o mogolo mo lefatsheng mo Botswana, mme ka ngwaga wa 1991 o ne o na le karolo ya masome a mabedi le bobedi ntlha supa mo lekgolong ya baagi botlhe ba ba neng ba nna mo ditoropong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. Kgolo ya [[:en:Selebi-Phikwe|Selebi-Phikwe]], [[:en:Orapa|Orapa]] le [[:en:Jwaneng|Jwaneng]] fa e sa le ka ngwaga wa 1971, mmogo le kgolo e e potlakileng thata ya toropo ya Gaborone, e dirile gore kabelo ya toropo ya Francistown mo palong yotlhe ya baagi ba ditoropo e fokotsege go tswa mo karolong ya masome a mararo le nne ntlha supa mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa 1971. Mo pakeng e e tshwanang (ya ngwaga wa 1971 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1991), palo ya baagi ba ba nnang mo ditoropong mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne ya gola ka karolo ya makgolo a mane le masome a mabedi le supa ntlha pedi mo lekgolong, e tswa mo bathong ba le dikete di le masome a matlhano le dikete di le nne le makgolo a mane le lesome le bongwe go fitlha mo bathong ba le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a borobabobedi le bosupa le masome a marataro le boraro. [[:en:Bakalanga|Bakalaka]] , [[:en:Ethnic_group|morafe wa ngwao]] wa bobedi ka bogolo mo [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] ba ikaegile ka toropo le tikologo. Bosheng jaana, toropo e e bone go tla ga [[:en:Illegal_immigrant|bafaladi ba ba seng ka fa molaong]] ba le bantsi go tswa kwa mafatsheng e e mabapi ya [[:en:Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]].<ref>Gabathuse, Ryder (28 March 2006). [http://www.mmegi.bw/2006/March/Tuesday28/174601131162.html "Security operation starts in Francistown".] Francistown, Botswana: Mmegi. Retrieved 26 July 2010.</ref><ref>Pacione, Michael (1999). ''Applied Geography: Principles and Practice : an Introduction to Useful Research in Physical, Environmental and Human Geography''. Routledge. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-415-21419-3|978-0-415-21419-3]]</bdi>.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Palo yotlhe ya batho !% ya pethogo ! |- |1964 |9 521 |0 | |- |1971 |18 612 | +95 | |- |1981 |31 065 | +65 | |- |1991 |38 524 | +29 | |- |2001 |84 406 | +110 | |- |2011 |100 079 | +19 | |- |2022 |103 417 | +3 | |} == Ngwao == Toropo ya Francistown ke legae la Musiamo wa Supa Ngwao, ka ditshupo tse di amanang le ditso le boswa jwa kgaolo eo. Musiamo, o o amogelang bontsi jwa madi a one go tswa kwa pusong, ga jaana o ntse o tlhabololwa go tloga ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2011. Go tlhomilwe lefelo le lešwa la tshireletso ya tlhago, Tachila, seele sa dikilometara di le tlhano (boleele jwa maele wa boraro ntlha nngwe) go tswa kwa bogareng jwa toropo ya Francistown mo Polaseng ya bogologolo ya Kompone ya Tati , Lady Mary. Lefelo le la tshireletso ya tlholego le solofetswe go nna lefelo le le tla fetolang bojanala mo toropong e e setseng e atlega ka diphologolo tsa yone tse di farologaneng tsa naga. == Mafelo a kobamelo == ''Bona gape: [[:en:Religion_in_Botswana|Bodumedi mo Botswana]]'' Gareng ga [[:en:Places_of_worship|mafelo a kobamelo]], ke dikereke le ditempele tsa [[:en:Christianity|Bokeresete]] tse dintsi : [[:en:Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Botswana|Kereke ya Efangele ya Lutere mo Botswana]] [[:en:Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Botswana|( Evangelical Lutheran Church in Botswana]]) ([[:en:Lutheran_World_Federation|Lutheran World Federation]]), [[:en:Assemblies_of_God|Dikopano tsa Modimo]] [[:en:Assemblies_of_God|(Assemblies of God]]), [[:en:The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints|Kereke ya ga Jesu Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo]] [[:en:The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints|( the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]), [[:en:International_Pentecostal_Holiness_Church|Kereke ya Boitshepo ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Pentekosete]] [[:en:International_Pentecostal_Holiness_Church|(International Pentecostal Holiness Church]]), [[:en:Christ_Embassy|Embasi ya ga Keresete]] [[:en:Christ_Embassy|( Christ Embassy]]), [[:en:Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Francistown|Kereke ya Roma Katoliki ya Francistown]] [[:en:Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Francistown|(Roman Catholic Diocese of Francistown]]) ([[:en:Catholic_Church|Catholic Church]]).<ref>J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ''Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 380</ref> == Culture == Francistown ke legae la Musiamo wa Supa Ngwao, ka ditshupo tse di amanang le hisetori le boswa jwa kgaolo eo. Musiamo, o o amogelang bontsi jwa madi a one go tswa kwa pusong, ga jaanong jaana e ntse e tlhabololwa go tloga ka Diphalane 2011. Lefelo le leswa la tshireletso ya tlhago, [[Tachila]], le tlhomilwe dikilometara di le 5 (3.1 mi) go tswa kwa bogareng jwa Francistown mo polaseng ya bogologolo ya Tati Khamphani, Lady Mary. Lefelo la tshireletso ya tlhago le solofetswe go nna lefelo la bojanala la toropo e e setseng e gola ka mefuta e e farologaneng ya diphologolo tsa naga. == Thuto == ''Setlhogo sa konokono: [[:en:Education_in_Botswana|Thuto mo Botswana]]'' Toropo e e na le dikolo tse dipotlana tse di ka mo metsesetoropong yotlhe ya yone, mme bontsi jwa tsone fa e se tsotlhe di tsamaisiwa ke lekgotla la toropo. Tse di tlhomologileng mo gare ga tse ke sekolo se sebotlana sa Ikhutseng, sekolo se sebotlana sa Tati Town le sekolo se sebotlana sa Nyangabgwe, tse e leng dingwe tsa dikolo tsa bogologolo mo toropong. Gape go na le Sekolo se se Potlana sa Aerodrome. Puso gape e na le dikolo tse di mo bogareng jwa bo botlana le bogolwane, tse di rekisiwang jaaka "dikolo tse dikgolwane". Bontsi jwa tse di simolotswe e le tirisanommogo magareng ga puso le setšhaba. E ne e le bosheng fela jaana fa puso e ne e tsaya bontsi jwa dilo tse. Dikai tsa tsone di akaretsa dikole tse dikgolwane tsa Setlalekgosi, Montsamaisa le Selepa Junior Secondary. Tsena di fa thuto e ntle ka go fetisisa mo boemong ba JC mme di na le thuto ya lobaka lwa dingwaga tse tharo. Go na le dikolo tse e seng tsa puso mo toropong ga mmogo, gareng ga tse dingwe ke Sekolo sa John Mackenzie se se nang le ditso se se tumileng, se se neelanang ka thuto ye e potlana ,thuto e kgolwane ya ntlha mmogo le ya thuto e kgolwane se segolo. Sekolo se gape se fa baithuti ba ba dirileng Tlhatlhobo ya IGCS di-O-Level. Gape go na le Sekolo sa Seesemane sa Mophato, TKM, Sekolo sa Paakanyetso sa Clifton le dikolo tse dingwe tse dintsi tse dinnye tse e seng tsa puso. Gompieno go na le dikolo tse pedi tse digolwane tsa maemo a a kwa godimo kwa toropong ya Francistown, e leng Sekolo sa Mater Spei, e e tsamaisiwang ka bontlhanngwe ke [[:en:Roman_Catholic_Church|Kereke ya Roma Katoliki]], le [[:en:Francistown_Senior_Secondary_School|Sekolo sa Segolwane sa Maemo a a Kwa Godimo sa toropo ya Francistown]], se se neng sa bulwa ka ngwaga wa 1978 mme gone jaanong se na le baithuti ba ka nna sekete se le sengwe le makgolo a mabedi. Sekolo se se mo lefelong la Aerodrome, le le nang le ditso se se humileng, mme ke sengwe sa ditheo tse dikgolo tsa thuto mo motseng. Sekolo sa thuto e kwa godimo sa Katiso ya Barutabana ya Francistown e ne ya nna nngwe ya dikolo tsa Mmadikolo wa Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1973.<ref>[[:en:University_of_Botswana|University of Botswana]]. "[http://www.ub.bw/about.cfm?pid=447&m=206 Historical Background]". Retrieved 26 July 2010.</ref> Sekolo sa thuto e kwa godimo sa Francistown ya Thuto ya tsa Maranyane le Tiro ya diatla se ne sa bulwa semmuso ke tautona wa pele wa lefatshe la Botswana Ian Khama ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2008. Sekolo se sa thuto he ha godimo se, se agilwe ka maikaelelo a go amogela baithuti ba le sekete le makgolo a le matlhano mo dithutong tsa maranyane le tsa tiro ya diatla le mananeo a go ruta barutabana. Dikago tsa sekolo se di mo gare ga lefelo la bogolo jwa lefatshe jwa hectare di le nne (diheketara di le 9.9) kwa metse ya se toropo ya Gerald Estates. Toropo e gape e na le Setheo sa Disaense tsa Boitekanelo (Institute of Health Sciences), se se leng gaufi le kokelo ya Nyangabwe Referral. Setheo se, gareng ga tse dingwe, se ruta dithuto tsa booki le tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo. == Dipalamo le mafaratlhatlha == [[Setshwantsho:BR Express 2.jpg|thumb|BR Express, terena ya bapagami]] [[Setshwantsho:Francistown bus terminal.jpg|left|thumb|Boemelo jwa Dibase jwa Toropo ya Francistown]] Toropo e ke lefelo le legolo la dipalamo. Seporo se golaganya toropo e le toropo ya [[:en:Harare|Harare]] kwa lefatsheng la [[:en:Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] ka go ralala [[:en:Bulawayo|Bulawayo]]. One mola o ke one o o golaganya toropo ya Francistown le toropokgolo [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] le [[:en:Lobatse|Lobatse]] kwa borwa. Ditsela tse di dirilweng fa fatshe di golaganya toropo le [[:en:Ramokgwebana|Ramokgwebana]] kwa bokone, le kwa [[:en:Kazungula|Kazungula]] gammogo le [[:en:Kasane|Kasane]] o ralala[[:en:Nata,_Botswana|Nata]]. [[Setshwantsho:Photo Submission by Aone Mokwena (4).jpg|thumb|Lefelo la Dibase le ditaxi la Toropo ya Francistown]] Toropo e, e direlwa ke [[:en:Francistown_International_Airport|lebala la difofane la]] [[:en:Francistown_International_Airport|toropo ya Francistown]] , le le neng la bulwa ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2011 morago ga go agiwa ka madi a a kana ka didikadike tsa di Pula di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a robangbongwe le borataro, le bulwa semmuso ke Tona wa Dipalamo, Frank Ramsden. Ka kago ya baeti ba difofane e e diretsweng ponelopele ya pharakano go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2025, e na le bokgoni jo bogolo mme e tsere sebaka sa boemelo jwa difofane jwa bogologolo, jo jaanong bo dirisiwang ke Air Arm ya [[:en:Botswana_Defence_Force|Sesole sa lefatshe la Botswana]]. == Metshameko == [[Setshwantsho:Francistown Stadium Botswana.jpg|thumb|Lebala la Metshameko la Toropo ya Francistown]] Sekolo sa motshameko o go itewang kgwele ka dirakete wa Tennis sa toropo ya Francistown se theilwe kwa Setlhopeng sa Francistown , ke sekolo sa Tennis sa maemo a a hapegileng a akwa godimo se se ineetseng go tlhabolola bana ba bannye (ba ba simololang ka dingwaga di le nne) go nna batshameki ba kgwele ya Tennis ba boditšhabatšhaba. Motse wa Francistown gape o na le ditlhopa di le mmalwa tsa kgwele ya dinao. Tse di akaretsa [[:en:TAFIC_Sporting_Club|Setlhopa sa Metshameko sa TAFIC]], TASC FC (Setlhopa sa Metshameko ya Tati),<ref>[https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/tasc-fc/16973/ "TASC FC - Soccer]". ''globalsportsarchive.com''. Global Sports Archive. Retrieved 8 March 2024.</ref>[<nowiki/>[[:en:Wikipedia:Citation_needed|nopolo e a tlhokega]] ] [[:en:ECCO_City_Green|ECCO City Green]], Great North Tigers FC (GNT) le tse dingwe. Ditlhopha tse tsotlhe di kile tsa tshameka mo kgaisanong ya maemo a a kwa godimo ya lefatshe le e leng ya [[:en:Botswana_Premier_League|Botswana Premier League]]. GNT e sa tswa go tlhatlhosediwa kwa Premier League, fa TAFIC yone e tshameka mo karolong e e kwa tlase. [[:en:Francistown_Stadium|Lebala la metshameko la toropo ya Francistown]] le lesha le santse le agiwa, mme le tla wela mo nakong e e sa fediseng pelo.[<nowiki/>[[:en:Wikipedia:Citation_needed|citation needed]]] Lebala le la metshameko le tla nna le legolo go gaisa mo karolong e e kwa bokone jwa lefatshe la Botswana, le le kgonang go amogela babogedi ba le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bosupa, mme e tla nna lebala la ditlhopha dingwe tse di umakilweng fa godimo. Mabala a mangwe mo toropong a akaretsa lebala la metshameko la Area S la Khansele ya Toropo ya Francistown. == Ditoropo tsa mafatlha – ditoropo tsa kgaitsadi == Francistown ke lewelana le: * [[:en:Genk|Genk]], Belgium<ref>"[https://www.genk.be/stedenband Stedenband Francistown]". ''genk.be''. Genk. Retrieved 12 October 2020.</ref> * [[:en:Tai'an|Tai'an]], China<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20200527123521/http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/news/item/8203-brothers-in-arms.html Brothers in Arms]". ''thepatriot.co.bw''. The Patriot. 15 May 2020. Archived from [https://www.thepatriot.co.bw/news/item/8203-brothers-in-arms.html the original] on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.</ref> == Bona gape == * [[:en:James_G._Haskins|James G. Haskins]] * [[:en:Lepashe_River|Noka ya Lepashe]] * [[:en:Mathangwane|Motse wa Mathangwane]] <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> </gallery> * ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Francistown]] aeprn96616xmsk2dffm0nsch21zjsmo 0 2988 54968 54863 2026-09-16T18:44:59Z IntergratedLearning 12501 Created by translating the section "IT projects" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374857135|Information technology]]" 54968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Featured article}} '''Maranyane a kakanyo kgotsa''' ('''IT''') ke papadi,lepeano,letlotlo le go ntsha ga modumo,ditshwantsho,mokwalo le dinomoro tsa kakanyotse di dirisanyang le motlakasedi itebagantse le go tlhakanya dikhomputara le tsa ditlhaeletsanyo.<ref>{{citation |last1=Longley |first1=Dennis |last2=Shain |first2=Michael |title=Dictionary of Information Technology |year=1985 |edition=2 |publisher=Macmillan Press |isbn=0-333-37260-3|page=164}}</ref> Lefoko le lone ka bosha jwa go tlhaloganyesega jwa lone le bonasegile ka ngwaga wa 1958 mo koranteng ya ''Harvard Business Review'' ,e mo go yone mokwadi Leavitt le Whisler ba akgetseng gore "kakanyo e ntsha ga e na leina lele ikemetseng ka nosi lele setseng le simolodisitswe. Re tla le bitsa maranyane a Kakanyo kgotsa ka bokhutshwane (IT).".<ref name="OEDIT">{{citation |contribution=information technology {{subscription}} |series=Oxford English Dictionary |url=http://dictionary.oed.com/ |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |edition=2 |year=1989 |accessdate=20&nbsp;November 2010 |title=Archive copy |archivedate=2006-06-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060625103623/http://dictionary.oed.com/ }}</ref> Nngwe ya tsa segompino tse di tlhagogang mo ntheng ya tsa Maranyane a kakanyo ke tse di tla tlang e le, dikhomputara tsa kitso tlhabologileng , dikhomputara tsa maemo,kakanyo ya maranyane a tlhabologileng,kwa godimo kokoanyo ya kitso le tse dingwe. == Kakanyo ka kakaretso == [[File:2005ICT.PNG|thumb|right|400px|kakanyo ya tsa go itsese ka maranyane mo ngwageng 2005]] IT ke lefelo le go laolwang kakanyo le go paralatsa mafelo ka go faralogana aa akaretsang mme go kganelwa ke dilo tse di tshwanang le go bopelela, maranyane aa berekisang khomputara, kitso ee faphegileng , tse di dirang khomputara , kitso ee tlhalogangwang ke khomputara le go aga kitso. Ka bokhutshwane, sepe se tlhokanang le kitso,ee akanyediwang ka go bonala kana nngwe tsela,ka go dirisiwa ga di CD,ke bontlha bongwe jwa maranyane a kakanyetso. IT e thusa bagwebi ka dithuso tse nne tse di faphegileng tsa:go dira gore kgwebo e itirise ka maranyane,go tlisa kakanyetso,go ikgolaganya le bareki,le didirisiwa tse di rotloetsang maduo aa mantle. Baitsanape ba maranyane a kakanyo ba dira ditiro tse di farologanyeng(maranyane a kakanyo aa lekanyeng) aa rulagantsweng go tswa mo go tsenyeng topo go diragatsa di toga-maano, kgolaganyo ya dikhomputara le kakanyo Nngwe ya ditiro tsa baitsanape ba maranyane a kakanyo ba ka di dirang ke go laola kakanyo,go dira le kgolaganyo, dikago tsa khomputara,go dira le kakanyo le maranyane a khomputara,le gone go laola le kokamelo ya tsotlhe ka kakaretso. Maranyane a kakanyo a simolotse go gasagasamela pele go nale go tlwaela khomputara ya motho a le mongwe le maranyane a kgolaganyo,le tse dingwe tse dintsi tse di dirisang maranyane jaaka go dirisa megala ya letlheka, disupaditshwantsho,le megala ee dirang ka esi, le tse dingwe, mo go oketsang letlhoko la ditiro. Mo nakong ee fitlileng,lekgotla la Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology gape le la Association for Computing Machinery ba ikgolagantse go bopa maitlamo le seemo sa togamaano ka dithuto <ref>{{Cite web |title=ABET |url=http://www.abet.org/forms.shtml#For_Computing_Programs_Only |access-date=2011-10-30 |archive-date=2010-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316041456/http://www.abet.org/forms.shtml#For_Computing_Programs_Only |url-status=dead }}</ref> tsa boemo jwa maranyaneng a katso jaaka aa pharologanyo fa a tshwantshangwa <ref>{{citation |last1=Isbell |first1=Charles |last2=Impagliazzo |first2=John |last3=Stein |first3=Lynn |last4=Proulx |first4=Viera |last5=Russ |first5=Steve |last6=Forbes |first6=Jeffrey |last7=Thomas |first7=Richard |last8=Fraser |first8=Linda |last9=Xu |first9=Yan |year=2009 |month=December |title=(Re)Defining Computing Curricula by (Re)Defining Computing |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery, ACM |isbn= 978-1-60558-886-5}}</ref>le maranyane a khomputara le kakanyo ka kakaretso gompino. SIGITE (Setlhopa se se haphegileng mo thutong)<ref>[http://www.sigite.org/ ACM-SIGITE]</ref> ke lekalana la ACM le le berekang ka ditlhopana go netefatsa maitlamo a. Dithuso ka maranyane a kakanyo lefatshe ka bophara e ne e le didikadike tsa makgolokgolo a makgolo a supa,masome a borataro le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref name="gartner.com">{{citation |url=http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1363713 |contribution=Gartner Says Worldwide IT Services Revenue Declined 5.3 Percent in 2009 |publisher=Gartner |accessdate=20&nbsp;November 2010 |title=Archive copy |archivedate=2011-09-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908033835/http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1363713 }}</ref> == Selekanyo sa kgolo ya maranyane == Hilbert le Lopez <ref name="HilbertLopez2011">[http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6025/60 "Nonofo ya maranyane a tsa lefatshe ka letlotlo,go itsese,le go bala maranyane"], Martin Hilbert le Priscila López (2011), Science (journal), 332(6025), 60-65;go atamela koranta fa: martinhilbert.net/WorldInfoCapacity.html</ref> ba kaya kgolo ya mararanyane e fetlogang (jaaka o kare molao wa Moore):motshine oo itebagantseng le selekanyo sa go bala kakanyo go bua ka kgobololo o ntsifetse gabedi mo kgweding tse lesome le bone gare ga ngwaga wa 1986 le 2007; selekanyo sa lefatshe sa tiriso ya dikhomputara ka kakaretso se oketsegile gabedi mo kgweding di le lesome le borobabobedi mo dingwageng tse di lesome; selekanyo sa ditlhaeletsanyo tsa lefatshe ka bophara se oketsegile gabedi mo kgweding tse masome a mararo le bone; selekanyo sa letlotlo la lefatshe lotlhe le ne le tlhokana le kgobololo ya kgwedi tse masome a mane go ntsifala mo ngwageng tse (tharo); gape selekanyo sa go gasagasa kitso se ntsifetse gabedi mo kgoboleng ya ngwaga tse 12.3.<ref name="HilbertLopez2011"/> == onani == *Kakanyo le maranyane a dipusanyo (ICT) * Maranyane a khomputara == Dipadi tsa kwa: == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Palo pele == {{refbegin}} *Adelman, C. (2000). ''A Parallel Post-secondary Universe: The Certification System in Information Technology'' . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education. *Allen, T., and M.S. Morton, eds. 1994. ''Information Technology and the Corporation of the 1990s'' . New York: Oxford University Press. *Shelly, Gary, Cashman, Thomas, Vermaat, Misty, and Walker, Tim. (1999). ''Discovering Computers 2000: Concepts for a Connected World'' . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Course Technology. *Webster, Frank, and Robins, Kevin. (1986). ''Information Technology—A Luddite Analysis'' . Norwood, NJ: Ablex. *{{citation |title=The Global Information Technology Report 2008–2009 |publisher=World Economic Forum and INSEAD |year=2009 |isbn=978-92-95044-19-7 |url=http://www.weforum.org/pdf/gitr/2009/gitr09fullreport.pdf}} {{refend}} *{{cite book |first=Steven |last=Blais |title=Business Analysis: Best Practices for Success |url=https://archive.org/details/businessanalysis0000blai |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |date=December 2011 |isbn=1118076001}} == Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle == {{wikiversity}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20141022043004/http://www.itil-officialsite.com/home/home.asp Motlobo wa dibuka wa kitso ka kakanyo (ITIL)] {{DEFAULTSORT:Information Technology}} [[Category:Maranyane aa mo tirisong]] [[Category:Maranyane a kakanyo]] [[Category:Maranyane a tsa kgaso]] [[Category:go ntsha motsweding]] == Diporojeke tsa IT == Dipatlisiso di supa gore diporojeke tsa IT mo kgwebong le mo tsamaisong ya setšhaba di ka nna botlhokwa bonolo ka selekanyo. Dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng ke McKinsey ka tirisanommogo le Yunibesithi ya Oxford e ne ya akantsha gore halofo ya diporojeke tsotlhe tse dikgolo tsa IT (tse di nang le ditshenyegelo tse di fopholediwang tsantlha tsa diranta di le dimilione di le 15 kgotsa go feta) gantsi di paletswe ke go boloka ditshenyegelo mo teng ga madi a tsone a ntlha kgotsa go di wetsa ka nako. 5qwdnay1jt3x1ta30oyl78x5ma38xar 0 10154 54965 49055 2026-09-16T18:05:46Z Chotlho 12488 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374285368|Earth]]" 54965 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lefatshe''' ke [[polanete]] ya boraro go tswa mo [[Letsatsi|Letsatsing]] mme ke selo Se le sengwe Fela sa thutodialedi se se itsiweng gore se na le ditshedi . Lefatshe Le Dira gore seno se kgonege go nna lefatshe la lewatle, e le lone fela mo tsamaisong ya masedi a tlholego go tshegetsa metsi a seedi a a mo godimo ga lefatshe . Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a lefatshe a mo lewatleng la lone, le le akaretsang 70.8% ya makape a lefatshe . A setseng a 29.2% a makape a Lefatshe e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe, le bontsi jwa lone le leng mo teng ga hemisefere ya lefatshe ka sebopego sa lefatshe la kontinente . Bontsi jwa lefatshe la Lefatshe bobotlana bo bongola go sekae e bile bo khurumeditswe ke dimela, fa dikgapetla tse dikgolo tsa aese kwa dikaka tsa polara tsa Lefatshe di boloka metsi a mantsi go feta metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe a Lefatshe, makadiba, dinoka le metsi a lefaufau fa di kopantswe. Legogo la lefatshe le na le dipolata tsa tectonic tse di tsamayang ka iketlo, tse di dirisanang go dira dithaba, makgwamolelo le dithoromo tsa lefatshe. Lefatshe le na le seeledi se se kwa ntle se se tlhagisang makenetosefere e e kgonang go faposa bontsi jwa diphefo tse di senyang tsa letsatsi le marang a lobopo . 8s0wa3fhumrfanh0h8lpgcomj4b6wu9 0 10624 54973 53433 2026-09-17T01:09:51Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54973 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Chicago_Race_Riot_1919_stoning.png|thumb|Kgotlhang magareng ga basweu le bantsho ba Amerika]] Dipheretlhego tsa letso kwa Chicago ka 1919 e ne e le kgotlhang e e setlhogo magareng ga basweu ba Amerika le bantsho ba Amerika e e simolotseng kwa South Side ya Chicago, Illinois, ka Phukwi a le masome mabedi le bosupa mme ya fela ka Phatwe a le gararo, 1919.<ref name=":0">Lee, William (July 19, 2019). [https://www.chicagotribune.com/history/ct-1919-chicago-riots-100th-anniversary-20190719-k4dexppvd5c6bkqbfwhgxfiacy-story.html "'Ready to Explode': How a Black Boy's Drifting Raft Triggered a Deadly Week of Riots 100 Years Ago in Chicago"]. ''Chicago Tribune''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.</ref> Ka nako ya dipheretlhego, batho ba le masome mararo le boferabobedi ba ne ba tlhokafala (masome a mabedi le boraro ba le bantsho le ba le lesome le botlhano ba basweu).<ref>Sandburg, Carl (2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924000546/http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/11045.html "The Chicago Race Riots, July 1919"]. ''The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago''. Chicago Historical Society. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.</ref> Mo bekeng eo, dikgobalo tse di bakwang ke dikgotlhang tsa go rotlhela di ne di le makgolo a matlhalo le masome a mararo le bosupa, bobedi-mo-borarong ya bantsho le bongwe-mo-borarong ya basweu; mme baagi ba ba magareng ga sekete le kete tse pedi, bontsi jwa bone e le bantsho, ba ne ba latlhegelwa ke magae a bone. Ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka e e tswelelang le ditlamorago tse di anameng tsa itsholelo, e tsewa e le dipheretlhego tse di maswe thata le dikhuduego tsa selegae go ralala Amerika ka nako ya 'Red Summer' ya 1919, e e bidiwang jalo ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka ya yona ya semorafe le ya badiri. Gape e ne e le nngwe ya dipheretlhego tse di maswe thata mo ditsong tsa Illinois. Mo tshimologong ya 1919, tikologo ya loago ya sepolotiki ya Chicago go dikologa setshaba sa yone sa bantsho se se golang ka bonako e ne e le nngwe ya dikgotlhang tsa semorafe tse di bakilweng ke bosemorafe jo bo sa feleng, kgaisano magareng ga ditlhopha tse dintsha, go phutlhama ga itsholelo le diphetogo tsa loago tse di bakilweng ke Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya ntlha. Ka khudugo e kgolo, diketekete tsa Baafrika ba Amerika go tswa kwa borwa jwa Amerika ba ne ba nna gaufi le mafelo a bafaladi ba Yuropa kwa South Side ya Chicago, gaufi le ditiro mo madirelong a diphologolo, madirelo a go paka nama le madirelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, Ba-Ireland ba bogologolo ba ne ba sireletsa ka bogale baagisani ba bone le maatla a bona a sepolotiki kgatlhanong le botlhe ba ba sa tswang go goroga.<ref>Cohen, Adam; Taylor, Elizabeth (2000). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20070811024349/http://www.chicagohistory.info/stories/daley/racism.html Richard J. Daley: A Separate World (page 7), excerpt from ''American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley – His Battle for Chicago and the Nation''".] ''Chicago History Information''. chicagohistory.info. Archived from [http://www.chicagohistory.info/stories/daley/racism.html the original] on August 11, 2007. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025. </ref> Morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya ntlha le dikgotlhang tsa selegae di ne tsa gola mo mebarakeng ya badiri le ya matlo. Go tlala le go oketsega ga kganetso ya Aferika le Maamerika kgatlhanong le kgethololo ya semorafe, segolo thata ke bagale ba ntwa, go ne ga nna le seabe mo kgotlhang ya semorafe, fela jaaka ditlhopha tsa merafe ya basweu tse di sa thibelwang ke mapodisi. Pheretlhogo e e ne ya nna teng ka nako ya mogote wa selemo ka polao ya ga Eugene Williams wa dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa, mosha wa Moafrika wa Amerika yo ka phoso a neng a tsene mo lefelong la go thuma la basweu kwa lotshitshing lo lo tlhaotsweng ka tsela e e seng ga semmuso gaufi le 29th Street.[tsebe e ya tlhokega] Setlhopha sa basha ba MaAferika a Amerika ba ne ba tlola go tswa mo sekepeng sa dimetara di le lesome le bone ka boferabongwe se ba neng ba se agile. Fa sekepe seo se ne se kgweetsa mo lefelong le le seng la semmuso la ‘lotshitsi le lesweu’, motho mongwe yo mosweu yo o neng a ya le foo o ne a galefa; o ne a simolola go tika makau ka majwe, a itaya Williams, mo go neng ga dira gore mosha yo a nwele.<ref>Loerzel, Robert (July 23, 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210604210529/https://www.chicagomag.com/chicago-magazine/august-2019/1919-race-riot/ "Blood in the Streets"]. ''Chicago Magazine''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.</ref> Fa batho ba bantsho ba ne ba ngongorega ka gore basweu ba ne ba ba tlhasela, thubakanyo e ne ya oketsega mo mafelong a boagisani. Dikgotlhang magareng ga ditlhopha di ne tsa tsoga ka bonako, mo go neng ga nna malatsi a dikhuduego. Baagisani ba bantsho gaufi le mafelo a basweu ba ne ba tlhaselwa, ditlhopha tsa basweu di ne tsa tsena mo mafelong a bantsho, mme badiri ba bantsho ba ba yang le go boa kwa tirong ba ne ba tlhaselwa. Ka nako eo, batho bangwe ba bantsho ba ne ba rulaganya go ganetsa le go sireletsana, mme bangwe ba basweu ba ne ba batla go thusa baagi ba bantsho, mme Lephata la Sepodisi la Chicago gantsi le ne le itlhokomolosa ntwa. Ratoropo wa Chicago William Hale Thompson o ne a na le motshameko wa brinksmanship le Mmusi wa Illinois Frank Lowden o o ka nnang wa gakatsa dikhuduego, ka gonne Thompson o ne a gana go kopa Lowden go romela Illinois Army National Guard malatsi a le mane, le fa Lowden a ne a biditse batlhokomedi, ba rulagantswe mo dibetsaneng tsa Chicago mme ba ipaakanyeditse go thusa. Morago ga dikhuduego, Lowden o ne a bitsa Chicago Commission on Race Relations, komiti e e sa tseyeng letlhakore, go batlisisa dilo tse di bakang le go akanya ditharabololo tsa dikgotlhang tsa semorafe. Bokhutlo jwa bone bo gatisitswe ke University of Chicago Press jaaka ''The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot''. Tautona wa Amerika Woodrow Wilson le Congress ya Amerika ba ne ba leka go rotloetsa melao le mekgatlho go fokotsa go se utlwane ga letso kwa Amerika. Mmusi Lowden o ne a tsaya dikgato di le mmalwa ka kopo ya ga Thompson go tima dikhuduego le go rotloetsa kutlwano e kgolo morago ga yone. Dikarolo tsa ditiro tsa Chicago di ne tsa tswalwa malatsi a le mmalwa ka nako le morago ga dikhuduego go emisa kopano magareng ga ditlhopha tse di ganetsanang. Thompson o ne a dirisa kamano ya gagwe le dikhuduego go tlhotlheletsa ditlhopho tsa sepolotiki tsa moragonyana. Nngwe ya ditlamorago tse di nnelang ruri e ka tswa e ne e le ditshwetso mo ditshabeng tsa basweu le bantsho go batla pharologano e kgolo ya semorafe.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == kofxb5a2vmxa22k569y147qoom2ter4 2 12756 54955 54809 2026-09-16T13:23:42Z Tayo ricci 12499 jioj 54955 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Tayo Ricci. [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] [[Draft 2]] rm9hwngsscty2x5p5os9pkqfcl5cscq 54956 54955 2026-09-16T13:24:23Z Tayo ricci 12499 hjhj 54956 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Tayo Ricci. [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] [[Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] rzzca6ucfqca1jzys4occginudsp4f8 54957 54956 2026-09-16T13:24:41Z Tayo ricci 12499 8hji 54957 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Tayo Ricci. [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] [[Draft 2]] rm9hwngsscty2x5p5os9pkqfcl5cscq 54958 54957 2026-09-16T13:27:11Z Tayo ricci 12499 ef 54958 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Tayo Ricci. [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] [[Draft 2]] Draft 1 o1icretdsickojqaps1bcwyavhpwk3w 54959 54958 2026-09-16T13:27:32Z Tayo ricci 12499 fffffffffffff 54959 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Tayo Ricci. [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] [[Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] ek7c0ww929kp2amwvif9ydvfxlbo8u5 2 12818 54987 54951 2026-09-17T11:51:01Z Dades2318 12518 Ke kwadile draft 6 54987 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Dades2318 [[Modirisi:Dades2318/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[Modirisi:Dades2318/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 3]] - [[Lebone|Draft 4]] [[Letlhaba phefo|Draft 5]] - [[Phaposi ya borutelo|Draft 6]] jlbfbim8hihd36it6wmf7ul3etxtkvn 0 12882 54977 48293 2026-09-17T04:12:47Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54977 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nare ya metsi''' ('''''Bubalus bubalis'''''), e ka bidiwa gape ka maina a a latelang,e bong '''nare ya noka''', Nare ya Asia, le Nare ya metsi a Asiatic, ke kgomo e kgolo e e fitlhelwang kwa kontinenteng ya India le Borwa Botlhaba jwa Asia. Gompieno, e fitlhelwa gape kwa [[Italia|Itali]], Balkans, Australia, Amerika, le dinaga dingwe tsa Aforika.<ref name="Cockrill1977">{{Cite book |last=Cockrill |first=W. Ross |year=1977 |title=The water buffalo |url=http://www4.zetatalk.com/docs/Animal_Power/The_Water_Buffalo_1977.pdf |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |series=Animal Production and Health |volume=4 |location=Rome, Italy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141330/http://www4.zetatalk.com/docs/Animal_Power/The_Water_Buffalo_1977.pdf |archive-date=June 16, 2013}}</ref> Go na le mefuta e le mebedi ya dinare tsa metsi tse di bonweng, go ya ka popego le maitsholo: dinare tsa noka tsa kontinente ya India le go ya kwa bophirima go ya kwa Balkans, Egepeto, le Italy; le dinare tsa motlhaba go tswa kwa Assam kwa bophirima ka Borwabotlhaba jwa Asia go ya kwa Yangtze Valley ya China kwa botlhaba.<ref name="Cockrill1977" /><ref name="Cockrill1974">{{Cite book |year=1974 |title=The husbandry and health of the domestic buffalo |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |editor-last=Cockrill, W. R. |location=Rome}}</ref> Nare ya metsi ya naga (''Bubalus arnee'') e ka tswa e le ngwe ya di nare tsa bogologo, e le losika la bo nare ya metsi tsa mo gae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lau |first=C. H. |last2=Drinkwater |first2=R. D. |last3=Yusoff |first3=K. |last4=Tan |first4=S. G. |last5=Hetzel |first5=D. J. S. |last6=Barker |first6=J. S. F. |date=1998 |title=Genetic diversity of Asian water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ): mitochondrial DNA D‐loop and cytochrome b sequence variation |url=http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40058/1/Genetic%20diversity%20of%20Asian%20water%20buffalo%20%28Bubalus%20bubalis%29.pdf |journal=Animal Genetics |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=253–264 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2052.1998.00309.x |archive-date=2025-11-10 |access-date=2026-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251110003005/http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40058/1/Genetic%20diversity%20of%20Asian%20water%20buffalo%20%28Bubalus%20bubalis%29.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ditlamorago tsa patlisiso ya phylogenetic di bontsha gore nare ya metsi ya mofuta wa noka e ka tswa e simolotse kwa bophirima jwa India mme di ne tsa ruiwa mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le 6,300 tse di fetileng, fa mofuta wa setlhaba o simologile o le nosi go tswa kwa Mainland Southeast Asia mme di ne di ruilwe mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le 3,000 go ya go 7.000 tse di fetileng.<ref name="Zhang2020" /> Morago ga moo, dinare tsa noka di ne tsa phatlalala go ya kwa bophirima go fitlha kwa [[Egypt|Egepeto]], Balkans, le Italy; fa dinare tsa motlhaba di ne tsa phatlhelela go ya kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Asia le go fitlha kwa Mokgatšheng wa Yangtze.<ref name="Liu2004">{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=L. |last2=Chen |first2=X. |last3=Jiang L. |date=2004 |title=A study of Neolithic water buffalo remains from Zhejiang, China |journal=Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association Bulletin |volume=24 |issue=Taipei Papers 2 |pages=113–120}}</ref><ref name="yang">{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=D. Y. |last2=Liu |first2=L. |last3=Chen |first3=X. |last4=Speller |first4=C. F. |date=2008 |title=Wild or domesticated: DNA analysis of ancient water buffalo remains from north China |journal=[[Journal of Archaeological Science]] |volume=35 |issue=10 |pages=2778–2785 |bibcode=2008JArSc..35.2778Y |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2008.05.010}}</ref><ref name="Zhang2020">{{Cite journal |last=Zhang |first=Y. |last2=Colli |first2=L. |last3=Barker |first3=J. S. F. |year=2020 |title=Asian water buffalo: domestication, history and genetics |journal=[[Animal Genetics]] |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=177–191 |doi=10.1111/age.12911 |pmid=31967365 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Dinare tsa metsi di siametse thata fa go tla mo nakong ya go lema masimo a raese, mme mashi a tsone a humile ka mafura le poroteine go feta a dikgomo tsa mashi,tsa gaei. Palo e kgolo ya diphologolo tsa naga e ne ya nna kwa bokone jwa Australia kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga, mme go na le metlhape e mennye ya diphologolo tsa ntwa kwa Papua New Guinea, [[Tunisia]], le bokonebotlhaba jwa Argentina.<ref name="Cockrill1977"/> Matsomane a naga a teng gape kwa New Britain, New Ireland, Irian Jaya, [[Colombia]], Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, le Uruguay.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Long |first=J. L. |year=2003 |title=Introduced Mammals of the World: Their History, Distribution and Influence |publisher=[[CSIRO Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-643-09916-6 |location=Collingwood, Australia}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == <references /> [[Karolo:Nare ya metsi]] l9dbibktztc7a3znubi5us0p2e5o269 0 14979 54966 54789 2026-09-16T18:10:05Z IntergratedLearning 12501 Created by translating the section "Visitor centres" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367518466|Cradle of Humankind]]" 54966 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mogope wa tlholego ya motho'''<ref name=":0">Fleminger, David (2008). ''The Cradle of Humankind''. 30° South Publishers. pp.&#x20;7–10. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-9584891-3-3|978-0-9584891-3-3]]</bdi>.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200203002245/https://davidfleminger.co.za/books/cradle-of-humankind/ "Cradle of Humankind – David Fleminger"]. Archived from [http://www.davidfleminger.co.za/books/cradle-of-humankind/ the original] on 3 February 2020. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref><ref name=":2">Wayman, Erin. [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-human-evolution-world-tour-10925648/ "The Human Evolution World Tour"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''. Retrieved 30 December 2019.</ref> ke lefelo la [[thuto ya batho ba bogologolo]] le le leng dikilometara di ka nna masome matlhano (31 mi) kwa bokonebophirima jwa [[Johannesburg]], [[Aforika Borwa]], mo kgaolong ya [[Gauteng]]. E itsisitswe jaaka [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] ke [[UNESCO]] ka 1999,<ref>[https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Cradle-of-Humankind/601978 "Why is the Cradle of Humankind important?"].</ref> lefelo leno ke legae la masalela a mantsi go gaisa a a itsiweng a bagologolwane ba batho gongwe le gongwe mo lefatsheng.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/fossils-cradle-humankind-site-reignite-debate-origins-humans-rcna35867 "Fossils in the Cradle of Humankind site reignite debate over origins of humans"]. [[:en:NBC_News|NBC News]]. 30 June 2022. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> Lefelo le ga jaana le tsaya diheketara di le dikete tse masome a mane le bosupa (diekere di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome mabedi)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130423235449/http://maropeng.co.za/index.php/about/ "Maropeng a'Afrika and the Cradle of Humankind"]. maropeng.co.za. Archived from [http://www.maropeng.co.za/index.php/about/ the original] on 23 April 2013. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> mme le na le thulaganyo e e raraaneng ya magaga a [[kalaka]]. Leina le le kwadisitsweng la lefelo mo lenaaneng la Mafelo a Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe ke '''Mafelo a Fossil Hominid a Aforika Borwa'''. Go ya ka ''[[South African Journal of Science]]'', [[Bolt's Farm]] ke lefelo le diphologolo tsa ntlha di ribolotsweng mo go lone.<ref>[[doi:10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017|"Research Briefs"]]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''109''' (5/6): 1–2. 2013. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017|10.1590/sajs.2013/a0017]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0038-2353 0038-2353].</ref> Polase ya ga Bolt e ne e epiwa thata go bona [[speleothem]] (calcium carbonate go tswa mo di-[[stalagmite]], di-[[stalactite]], le [[matlapa a a elelang]]) mo lekgolong la dingwaga la bolesome le borobabongwe le tshimologo ya lekgolo la dingwaga la masome a mabedi.<ref>Edwards, Tara R.; Armstrong, Brian J.; Birkett-Rees, Jessie; Blackwood, Alexander F.; Herries, Andy I.R.; Penzo-Kajewski, Paul; Pickering, Robyn; Adams, Justin W. (14 January 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6336010 "Combining legacy data with new drone and DGPS mapping to identify the provenance of Plio-Pleistocene fossils from Bolt's Farm, Cradle of Humankind (South Africa)"]. ''PeerJ''. '''7''' e6202. doi:10.7717/peerj.6202. ISSN&#x20;2167-8359. PMC&#x20;6336010. PMID&#x20;30656072.</ref> [[Dikgaga tsa Sterkfontein]] e ne e le lefelo la thibololo ya [[masalela]] a dingwaga di le didikadike di le 2.3 tsa ''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'' (e e bidiwang "[[Mrs Ples]]"), e e bonweng ka 1947 ke [[Robert Broom]] le [[John T. Robinson]]. Phitlhelelo e thusitse go netefatsa thibololo ya 1924 ke [[Raymond Dart]] ya legata la ''Australopithecus africanus'' le lennye le le itsegeng jaaka "[[Taung skull|Ngwana wa Taung]]" kwa [[Taung]] kwa [[Bokone Bophirima|Kgaolong ya Bokone Bophirima]] jwa Aforika Borwa, kwa go epololwa go santseng go tsweleletse. Gaufi, fela e seng mo lefelong, thulaganyo ya [[Rising Star Cave]] e na le [[Phaposi ya Dinaledi]] (Dinaledi Chamber), e mo go yone go neng ga ribololwa marapo a le lesome le botlhano a [[masalela a mofuta o o nyeletseng]] wa [[hominin]], o o bidiwang ''[[Homo naledi]]'' ka nakwana. [[Sterkfontein]] e le nosi e tlhagisitse go feta bongwe mo borarong jwa masalela a ntlha a hominid a a bonweng pele ga 2010.<ref>Smith, David (15 January 2010). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/15/sterkfontein-caves-south-africa "Visit to the Cradle of Humankind"]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. London. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> Phaposi ya Dinaledi e na le ditlhopha tsa marapo a ''H. naledi'' a feta sekete le sephatlo go tswa mo ditsheding tse di ka nnang lesome le botlhano, e leng thibololo e e tseneletseng go gaisa ya mofuta o le mongwe wa hominid o o kileng wa fitlhelwa mo Aforika.<ref>Wong, Kate (10 September 2015). [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mysterious-new-human-species-emerges-from-heap-of-fossils/ "Mysterious New Human Species Emerges from Heap of Fossils"]. ''[[:en:Scientific_American|Scientific American]]''. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi 2026.</ref> == Thuto ya mafoko == Leina ''Cradle of Humankind'' le bontsha ntlha ya gore lefelo leno le tlhagisitse palo e ntsi thata ya masalela a di-[[hominin]], dingwe tsa tsone tsa bogologolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di iseng di bonwe, tse di simolotseng dingwaga di le didikadike di le tharo le sephatlo tse di fetileng.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Ditso tsa diphitlhelelo == Ka 1935, Robert Broom o ne a bona masalela a ntlha a motho kwa Sterkfontein mme a simolola tiro mo lefelong le. Ka 1938, mosimane mongwe yo mmotlana wa sekolo, Gert Terrblanche, o ne a tlisa dikarolwana tsa legata la ga Raymond Dart go tswa kwa [[Kromdraai]] e e gaufi tse moragonyana di neng tsa lemogiwa jaaka ''[[Paranthropus robustus]]''. Gape ka 1938, leino le le lengwe la motho le ne la fitlhelwa kwa lefelong la [[Cooper’s Cave]] fa gare ga Kromdraai le Sterkfontein. Ka 1948, Leeto la Camp-Peabody go tswa kwa United States le ne la dira kwa Bolts Farm le [[Gladysvale]] le batla masalela a di-hominid, mme la palelwa ke go bona epe. Moragonyana ka 1948, Robert Broom o ne a supa masalela a ntlha a hominid go tswa mo logageng lwa [[Swartkrans]]. Ka 1954, [[C. K. Brain]] o ne a simolola go bereka kwa mafelong a a neng a le kwa Cradle, go akaretsa le Logaga lwa Cooper. Morago ga moo o ne a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya dingwaga di le masome a mararo kwa logageng lwa Swartkrans, e e neng ya felela ka gore go bonwe setlhopha sa bobedi se segolo sa masalela a hominid go tswa kwa Cradle. Tiriso ya bogologolo e e laolwang ya molelo ke Homo erectus le yone e ne ya ribololwa kwa Swartkrans mme ya kwalwa dingwaga di feta sedikadike tse di fetileng.<ref>Brain, CK; Sillen, A (1988). "Evidence from the Swartkrans Cave for the earliest use of fire". ''Nature''. '''336''' (6198): 464:466. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Natur.336..464B 1988Natur.336..464B]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/336464a0|10.1038/336464a0]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4318364 4318364].</ref><ref>Hilton Barber, Brett; Berger, Lee R (December 2004). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220123085012/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.co.za/book/field-guide-cradle-humankind/9781770070653 Field Guide to the Cradle of Human Kind: Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai and Environs World Heritage Site]'' (First&#x20;ed.). Cape Town: Penguin Random House. p.&#x20;75. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-77007-065-3|978-1-77007-065-3]]</bdi>. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref> Ka 1966, [[Phillip Tobias]] o simolotse dipatlisiso tsa gagwe tsa Sterkfontein tse di santseng di tsweletse mme ke dipatlisiso tsa masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng tse di tswelelang ka nako e telele go gaisa mo lefatsheng. Ka 1991, [[Lee Berger]] wa [[Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand]] o ribolotse dikao tsa ntlha tsa hominid gotswa mo lefelong la Gladysvale, go dira gore e nne lefelo la ntlha le le ntsha la hominid la ntlha go ribololwa mo Aforika Borwa mo dingwageng di le masome a mane le boferabobedi. Ka 1994, [[Andre Keyser]] o ne a ribolola masalela a di-hominid kwa lefelong la Drimolen. Ka 1997, Kevin Kuykendall le Colin Menter ba Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand ba fitlhetse meno a mabedi a masalela a batho kwa lefelong la Gondolin. Gape ka 1997, lerapo la ''Australopithecus'' le le batlileng le felela la "[[Little Foot]]", ka nako eo le ne le beilwe dingwaga di ka nna didikadike di le 3.3 tse di fetileng (go bewa ga bosheng go supa gore le gaufi le dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi le sephatlo tse di fetileng), le ne la ribololwa ke [[Ron Clarke]]. Ka 2001, Steve Churchill wa [[Yunibesithi ya Duke]] le Lee Berger ba ne ba fitlhela masalela a batho a bogologolo a segompieno kwa Letsheng la Plovers. Gape ka 2001, masalela a ntlha a hominid le didiriswa tsa matlapa di ne tsa bonwa mo lefelong kwa Logageng lwa Cooper. Ka 2008, Lee Berger o ribolotse masalela a bontlhabongwe a di-hominid tse pedi (''[[Australopithecus sediba]]'') tse di neng di tshela magareng ga dingwaga di le didikadike di le 1.78 le 1.95 tse di fetileng kwa [[Lefelo la Masalela a Malapa|Lefelong la Masalela a Malapa]]. Ka Phalane 2013, Berger o ne a laela moithuta-lefatshe Pedro Boshoff go batlisisa dithulaganyo tsa magaga mo Cradle of Humankind ka boikaelelo jo bo tlhamaletseng jwa go ribolola mafelo a mangwe a masalela a di-hominin. Batho ba ba batlang mo magageng e bong Rick Hunter le Steven Tucker ba ne ba ribolola masalela a batho mo lefelong le le neng le ise le tlhotlhomisiwe pele la Thulaganyo ya Logaga lwa Rising Star-Westminster le le abetsweng leina la lefelo la UW-101. Ka Ngwanatsele 2013, Berger o ne a etelela pele leeto le le kopanetsweng la Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand le Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Thutafatshe go ya kwa Thulaganyong ya Logaga lwa Dinaledi tse di Tlhatlogang gaufi le Swartkrans. Mo dibekeng tse tharo fela tsa go epa, setlhopha sa boditšhabatšhaba sa basadi ba le barataro sa bmaranyane ba ba gatetseng pele ba thuto ya matlapa (K. Lindsay Eaves, Marina Elliott, [[Elen Feuerriegel]], Alia Gurtov, Hannah Morris, le Becca Peixotto), ba tlhophilwe ka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa bone jwa paleoanthropology le jwa go epa mo magageng, mmogo le bonnye jwa bone, ba ne ba bona ditlhopha tsa masalela a a fetang sekete le makgolo a mabedi tsa mofuta wa hominin o o sa itsiweng. Go tloga ka 2015, lefelo leno le ne le sa ntse le le mo thulaganyong ya go bewa letlha. Ka Lwetse 2015, Berger, ka tirisanommogo le National Geographic, o ne a itsise ka go ribololwa ga mofuta o mosha wa losika lwa motho, o o bidiwang ''[[Homo naledi]]'', go tswa kwa UW-101.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160524163630/http://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/newly-discovered-human-ancestor-likely-ritualistically-disposed-its-dead "New Species of Human Discovered in South Africa"]. ''IFLScience''. Archived from [https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/newly-discovered-human-ancestor-likely-ritualistically-disposed-its-dead the original] on 24 May 2016. Retrieved Lwetse a ferabobedi, 2026.</ref><ref>Photograph Mark Thiessen, National Geographic (10 September 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150910155237/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150910-human-evolution-change/ "This Face Changes the Human Story. But How?"]. ''National Geographic''. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150910-human-evolution-change/ the original] on 10 September 2015.</ref><ref>Berger, Lee R.; Hawks, John; De Ruiter, Darryl J.; Churchill, Steven E.; Schmid, Peter; Delezene, Lucas K.; Kivell, Tracy L.; Garvin, Heather M.; Williams, Scott A.; Desilva, Jeremy M.; Skinner, Matthew M.; Musiba, Charles M.; Cameron, Noel; Holliday, Trenton W.; Harcourt-Smith, William; Ackermann, Rebecca R.; Bastir, Markus; Bogin, Barry; Bolter, Debra; Brophy, Juliet; Cofran, Zachary D.; Congdon, Kimberly A.; Deane, Andrew S.; Dembo, Mana; Drapeau, Michelle; Elliott, Marina C.; Feuerriegel, Elen M.; Garcia-Martinez, Daniel; Green, David J.; et&#x20;al. (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4559886 "Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa"]. ''eLife''. '''4'''. doi:10.7554/eLife.09560. PMC&#x20;4559886. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26354291 26354291].</ref> Babatlisisi bangwe ba akantsha gore ''H. naledi'' e ne ya baya ditopo tsa baswi ba yone ka bomo mo phaposing e e kgakala ya logaga, boitshwaro jo pele go neng go akanngwa gore bo lekanyeditswe go mefuta ya moragonyana ya Homo, le fa seno e le kgang e e tsweletseng ya kganetsano ya barutegi.<ref>Johannesburg, The University of the Witwatersrand. [https://www.wits.ac.za/homonaledi/ "Homo naledi - Wits University"]. ''www.wits.ac.za''.</ref><ref>Dirks, Paul HGM; Berger, Lee R.; Roberts, Eric M.; Kramers, Jan D.; Hawks, John; Randolph-Quinney, Patrick S.; Elliott, Marina; Musiba, Charles M.; Churchill, Steven E.; De Ruiter, Darryl J.; Schmid, Peter; Backwell, Lucinda R.; Belyanin, Georgy A.; Boshoff, Pedro; Hunter, K. Lindsay; Feuerriegel, Elen M.; Gurtov, Alia; Harrison, James du G.; Hunter, Rick; Kruger, Ashley; Morris, Hannah; Makhubela, Tebogo V.; Peixotto, Becca; Tucker, Steven (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4559842 "Geological and taphonomic context for the new hominin species Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa"]. ''eLife''. '''4'''. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.7554/eLife.09561|10.7554/eLife.09561]]. PMC&#x20;4559842. PMID&#x20;26354289.</ref> Mo malatsing a bofelo a Leeto la Dinaledi tse di Tlhatlogang, batlhatlheledi ba dikgaga Rick Hunter le Steven Tucker ba ne ba ribolola dilo tse dingwe tsa masalela a hominid mo karolong e nngwe ya thulaganyo ya dikgaga. Dipatlisiso tsa ntlha mo lefelong leno, le le bidiwang UW-102, di ne di simolotse ka 2013 mme tsa ntsha dilo tse di feletseng tsa masalela a hominid tsa yone. Kamano ya lefelo la 101 le 102 ga e itsiwe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131107202308/http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/tag/rising-star-expedition/ "Rising Star Expedition"]. Archived from [http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/tag/rising-star-expedition/ the original] on 7 November 2013.</ref><ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2013-11-26-scientists-bag-more-than-1000-fossils-at-cradle-treasure-trove "Scientists bag more than 1000 fossils at Cradle 'treasure trove'"].</ref><ref>[http://johnhawks.net/weblog/hawks/travel/johannesburg-update-feb-2014.html "Johannesburg Update"].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Australopithecus africanus - Cast of taung child Face.jpg|left|thumb|232x232px|''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'' (e agilwe sesha)]] [[Setshwantsho:Australopithecus sediba.JPG|thumb|Legata leno ke karolo ya holotype ya ''[[Australopithecus sediba]]'']] == Bokao jwa thutafatshe == Masalela a hominin a a neng a nna masalela a nako kwa Cradle of Humankind a fitlhelwa mo magageng a [[dolomitic]], mme gantsi a phuthetswe mo motswakong wa kalaka le matlakala a mangwe a a bidiwang [[breccia]]. Di-hominid tsa ntlha di ka tswa di ne di tshela mo Aforika yotlhe, fela masalela a tsone a fitlhelwa fela mo mafelong a maemo a neng a letla go bopega le go boloka masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng.<ref>Esterhuysen, Amanda (6 December 2019). "If we are all African, then I am nothing: Hominin evolution and the politics of identity in South Africa". In Porr, Martin; Matthews, Jacqueline M. (eds.). ''Interrogating Human Origins: Decolonisation and the Deep Human Past''. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp.&#x20;279–292. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4324/9780203731659|10.4324/9780203731659]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-203-73165-9|978-0-203-73165-9]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1128062043 1128062043]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242503326 242503326].</ref> == Mafelo a baeng == Ka Sedimonthole a supa 2005, Tautona wa Aforika Borwa [[Thabo Mbeki]] o ne a bula Lefelo le lesha la Baeng la Maropeng mo lefelong leo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201934/http://www.news24.com/News24/Technology/News/0,,2-13-1443_1847397,00.html "Mbeki opens Maropeng centre"]. ''[[:en:News24_(website)|News24]]''. 8 December 2005. Archived from [http://www.news24.com/News24/Technology/News/0,,2-13-1443_1847397,00.html the original] on 30 September 2007. <q>Maropeng, which means 'the place where we come from,' is expected to receive over 500 000 visitors annually, according to the [[:en:Gauteng|Gauteng]] provincial government.</q></ref> Go ya ka maranyane a maropeng.co.za, baeng ba ka bona masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng, ba leba didirisiwa tsa matlapa, le go ithuta ka botsalo jwa batho mo lefelong la baeng. Setsi sa baeng gape se neela baeng leeto la Magaga a [[Sterkfontein]] le dipontsho tse Sterkfontein. Sebopego se se motlhofo, se se tsamayang, sa tshipi se se itsegeng jaaka Beetle se beilwe mo godimo ga lefelo la [[Malapa]], go letla setšhaba se se duelang go leba dikepo, fa di sena go simolola gape kwa lefelong. (Go epa go ntse go emisitswe fa e sale ka 2009, fa masalela a batho ba le bane ba ''[[A. sediba]]'' a ne a tlosiwa.)<ref>Cherry, Michael (2015). [[doi:10.1038/523033a|"Human evolution: The cradle of humankind revisited"]]. ''Nature''. '''523''' (7558): 33. Bibcode:2015Natur.523...33C. doi:10.1038/523033a. ISSN&#x20;1476-4687. S2CID&#x20;4446278.</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a lefatshe mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a bojanala kwa Johannesburg]] [[Karolo:Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a baeng kwa Aforika Borwa]] == Visitor centres == Ka 7 Sedimonthole 2005, Moporesidente wa Aforika Borwa Thabo Mbeki o butsi senthara e ntšhwa ya baeng ya Maropeng kwa lefelong leo. Go ya ka webosaete ya maropeng.co.za, baeng ba ka bona masaledi a dilo tse di epolotsweng, ba leba didirisiwa tsa maje, le go ithuta ka botsalo jwa batho mo lefelong la baeng. Lefelo la baeti gape le na le loeto lwa Sterkfontein Caves le dipontsho kwa Sterkfonstein. Sebopego sa tshipi se se botlhofo, e e kgonang go tsamaisiwa e e itsegeng jaaka Beetle e beilwe mo godimo ga lefelo la [[Lefelo la masalela la Malapa|Malapa]], go letlelela setšhaba se se duelang go bona go epololwa, fa ba setse ba simolotse mo lefelong leo. (Go epa go ntse go emisitswe go tloga ka 2009, fa masalela a batho ba le bane ba ''A. sediba'' a ne a tlosiwa.) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cherry |first=Michael |year=2015 |title=Human evolution: The cradle of humankind revisited |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=523 |issue=7558 |page=33 |bibcode=2015Natur.523...33C |doi=10.1038/523033a |issn=1476-4687 |s2cid=4446278 |doi-access=free}}</ref>[go tlhoka go ntshwafatso]<gallery widths="200" heights="135"> File:South_Africa-Gauteng-Maropeng01.jpg|Kago ya Tumulus kwa lefelong la baeng la Maropeng File:Maropeng_visitor_centre,_Cradle_of_Humankind,_South_Africa.jpg|Pele ga Maropeng File:Maropeng_Visitor_Centre,_Cradle_of_Humankind,_South_Africa.jpg|Lefelo la baeti la Maropeng </gallery> 31wsqaozvmxq6wfpdyckiprkgxtq4vd 0 15042 54953 54847 2026-09-16T12:33:23Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e 54953 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mme Tracy Chapman''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1964) ke seopedi le mokwadi wa dipina wa Amerika. O ne a thapiwa ke kompone ya [[:en:Elektra_Records|Elektra Records]] e e tlhamilweng ke [[:en:Bob_Krasnow|Bob Krasnow]] ka ngwaga wa 1987. Ngwaga o o latelang o ne a golola alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha e e neng ya bidiwa ka leina la gagwe, e e neng ya atlega mo kgwebong, e e neng ya tlhotlhelediwa ke go tlhagelela ga gagwe kwa maitisong a Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute, mme o ne a newa rurifadiwa garataro ka polatinamo ke ba Recording Industry Association of America . Alebamo e e ne ya tlhophiwa makgetho a le marataro go bona Seetsele sa Grammy, go akaretsa le e le nngwe ya Alebamo ya Ngwaga, o ne a fenya dietsele tse tharo: Moopedi yo Moša yo o Gaisitseng, Moopedi yo o Gaisitseng wa Mosadi wa mminong wa Pop ka pina ya gagwe ya "Fast Car", le Alebamo e e Gaisitseng ya Setso ya Segompieno . Ka ngwaga wa 2025, alebamo e e ne ya bolokwa kwa National Recording Registry ke Library of Congress . Ka ngwaga wa 1989, o ne a golola alebamo ya gagwe ya bobedi, ''Crossroads'', e e neng ya dira gore a tlhophiwe gape go bona Seetsele sa Grammy ya Alebamo e e Gaisitseng ya Setso ya Segompieno. Alebamo ya gagwe ya boraro, ''Matters of the Heart'', e ne ya latela ka ngwaga wa 1992. Alebamo ya gagwe ya bone, ''New Beginning'', e ne ya gololwa ka ngwaga wa 1995 mme ya atlega lefatshe ka bophara. E ne ya rurifadiwa ga tlhano ka polatinamo ke ba RIAA mme ya ntsha pina e e tumileng ya "Give Me One Reason", e e neng ya dira gore a abelwe Seetsele sa Grammy sa Pina e e Gaisitseng Tsotlhe mo mminong wa Rock . Go ne ga feta dingwaga di le tlhano pele ga go gololwa ga alebamo ya gagwe ya botlhano, ''Telling Stories'' (2000). ''Let It Rain'' le ''Where You Live'' di ne tsa gololwa ka mo ngwageng wa 2002 le 2005, ka go latelana. Alebamo ya gagwe ya bošeng ya setudio, ''Our Bright Future'', e ne ya gololwa ka ngwaga wa 2008. Alebamo e e dirilweng seša ya ''Greatest Hits'', e a neng a e rulagantse, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Monger |first=James Christopher |title=''Greatest Hits'' – Tracy Chapman |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/greatest-hits-mw0002889914 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107124428/https://www.allmusic.com/album/greatest-hits-mw0002889914 |archive-date=January 7, 2019 |access-date=January 6, 2019 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> e ne ya gololwa ka ngwaga wa 2015. Ka ngwaga wa 2023, Mme Chapman o ne a nna motho montsho wa ntlha go gapa maemo a ntlha mo mminong wa country ka tlhamo ya gagwe a le esi, le go fenya Setseele sa Mokgatlho wa Mmino wa Country sa Pina ya Ngwaga, fa Luke Combs a ne a opela pina ya gagwe ya "Fast Car". == Botshelo jwa ntlha le thuto == Mme Chapman o tsholetswe kwa Cleveland mme a godisiwa ke mmaagwe, yo o neng a mo rekela ukulele a le dingwaga di le tharo. <ref name="biog">{{Cite web |last=Williamson |first=Nigel |author-link=Nigel Williamson |date=March 11, 2008 |title=Tracy Chapman's Biography |url=http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/biography-by-nigel-williamson-2001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819151933/http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/biography-by-nigel-williamson-2001/ |archive-date=August 19, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |website=About-Tracy-Chapman.net}}</ref> Batsadi ba gagwe ba ne ba tlhalana fa a ne a le dingwaga di le nne. O ne a simolola go tshameka katara le go kwala dipina a le dingwaga di le borobabobedi. A re o ka tswa a ne a tlhotlhelediwa la ntlha go tshameka katara ke lenaneo la thelebišene ''la Hee Haw''. <ref name="Ado">{{Cite news|last=Martin|first=Michel|url=https://www.npr.org/2009/08/20/112056043/without-further-ado-songstress-tracy-chapman-returns?ft=1&f=1003|title=Without Further Ado, Songster Tracy Chapman Returns|date=August 20, 2009|access-date=July 21, 2019}}</ref> Kwa Cleveland kwa a tsholetsweng gone, o ne a kgerisiwa kgapetsakgapetsa le go tlhaselwa ka ntlha ya letso le mmala wa gagwe fa a sa ntse a le ngwana. <ref name="Fleming">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/oct/31/tracy-chapman-women-pop-usa|title=Amy Fleming on Tracy Chapman, the quiet revolutionary|first=Amy|last=Fleming|date=October 31, 2008|access-date=March 13, 2020}}</ref> O ne a godisiwa e le moBaptist, a tsena sekolo se segolo sa Episcopal <ref name="Ado" /> mme a amogelwa mo lenaneong la A Better Chance, le le rotloetsang baithuti kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane tsa go baakanyetsa kholetšhe kgakala le mafelo a ba nnang kwa go one. O ne a aloga kwa Sekolong sa Wooster kwa Connecticut mme morago ga moo a ya kwa mmadikolong wa Tufts, a dira dithuto tse dikgolo tsa thuto-loago .<ref name="biog" /><ref name="ambio">{{Cite web |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |author-link=Stephen Thomas Erlewine |title=Tracy Chapman |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/tracy-chapman-mn0000016281#biography |access-date=January 25, 2024 |website=[[All Music Guide]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.spin.com/2019/08/tracy-chapman-self-titled-july-1988-interview/|title=Tracy Chapman: Our 1988 Interview|date=August 18, 2019|access-date=July 7, 2023}}</ref> Fa a ne a le moithuti kwa Tufts, o ne a iketla mo mafelong a a gaufi, go akaretsa le Harvard Square le mo dipolatefomong tsa MBTA Red Line . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-02-23 |title=Tracy Chapman: On snakes, faith and busking for food |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/tracy-chapman-on-snakes-faith-and-busking-for-food-120277.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613204530/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/tracy-chapman-on-snakes-faith-and-busking-for-food-120277.html |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Rosenwald|first=Michael S.|title=To Chapman, underground music is pure performance|date=November 26, 2003|url=https://archive.boston.com/news/local/articles/2003/11/26/to_chapman_underground_music_is_pure_performance/|access-date=2022-06-13}}</ref> Mme Chapman o ne a gatisa dipontsho tsa dipina kwa seromammoeng sa mmadikolo wa Tufts, WMFO, go fa seromamoa tetla ya go nna le dipina tsa gagwe fa a ne a le moithuti kwa Tufts, go ananya tshwanelo le seromamoa gore se tshameke dipina tsa gagwe. <ref name="rollingstone">{{Cite web |date=November 16, 1989 |title=100 Best Albums of the Eighties: Tracy Chapman, 'Tracy Chapman' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-best-albums-of-the-eighties-20110418/tracy-chapman-tracy-chapman-19691231 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712062558/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-best-albums-of-the-eighties-20110418/tracy-chapman-tracy-chapman-19691231 |archive-date=July 12, 2012 |access-date=January 25, 2024 |publisher=Rolling Stone}}</ref> == Mokgwa wa go itshetsa le tswelelopele == Mme Chapman o ne a opela la ntlha mo setšhabeng se segolo fa a bulela moopedi wa go simolola women's music e bong Linda Tillery kwa Strand Theatre kwa Boston ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a mararo, ka ngwaga wa 1985. <ref name="McLaughlin">{{Cite news|last=McLaughlin|first=Jeff|date=May 1, 1985|title=Linda Tillery's 'healing music'|newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]|location=Boston, MA|page=78}}</ref> Moithuti yo mongwe wa kwa Tufts, e bong Rre Brian Koppelman, o ne a mo utlwa a tshameka mme a mo itsise kwa go rraagwe, e bong Rre Charles Koppelman, a mmontsha theipi ya pontsho e a neng a e tsere ka bokhukhuntshwane go tswa kwa seromamoeng sa sa kholetšhe e e neng e na le pina ya "Talkin' bout a Revolution". Rre Charles Koppelman, yo o neng a tsamaisa SBK Publishing, o ne a mo thapa ka ngwaga wa 1986. Fa a sena go aloga kwa Tufts ka ngwaga wa 1987, o ne a mo thusa go thapiwa ke Elektra Records . <ref name="ambio" /> <ref name="rollingstone" /> [[Setshwantsho:Tracy-Chapman 1988 by Zoran Veselinovic.jpg|thumb|Chapman kwa Budapest, kwa Hungary, ka ngwaga wa 1988]] Kwa Elektra, o ne a golola ''Tracy Chapman'' (1988). Alebamo e ne ya akgolwa thata, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Peter |title=On this day in 1988: Tracy Chapman starts a three-week run at No. 1 with her eponymous debut album |url=https://www.hotpress.com/music/day-1988-tracy-chapman-starts-three-week-run-no-1-eponymous-debut-album-22778696 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103083257/https://www.hotpress.com/music/day-1988-tracy-chapman-starts-three-week-run-no-1-eponymous-debut-album-22778696 |archive-date=November 3, 2020 |access-date=April 7, 2020 |website=Hotpress}}</ref> mme o ne a simolola go opela mo mafelong a farologaneng le go aga balatedi ba gagwe. <ref name="auto" /> "Fast Car" e ne ya simolola go tlhatloga mo ditšhateng tsa U.S. ka bonako fela fa a sena go e diragatsa kwa maitisong a thelebišene Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute a a neng a tlhagisitswe mo setshwantshong sa motshinyego kwa Wembley Stadium kwa Lontone ka Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa 1988. Kwa maitisong, o ne a simolola go opela ka boripana mo tshokologong, mme a utlwiwa ke bareetsi ba bantsi fa a ne a le moemedi wa motsotso wa bofelo wa ga Rre Stevie Wonder, yo o neng a na le mathata a setegeniki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Springer |first=Jacqueline |date=June 12, 2018 |title=BBC Radio 4 – Front Row, Tracy Chapman: remembering her remarkable debut 30 years on |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p069w23s |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321102239/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p069w23s |archive-date=March 21, 2022 |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ponagalo e e ne ya akgolwa ka theko ya potlako ya pina le alebamo. "Fast Car" e ne ya nna pina ya borataro e e tumileng mo <nowiki><i id="mwwA">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 mo bekeng e e neng ya wela ka Phatwe a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ka ngwaga wa 1988. ''Rolling Stone'' e ne ya baya pina e mo maemong a lekgolo le masome a marataro le bosupa mo lenaaneng la bone la ngwaga wa 2010 la "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time" . " Talkin' 'bout a Revolution ", e e neng ya latela "Fast Car", e ne ya nna mo maemong a masome a supa le botlhano mme ya latelwa ke "Baby Can I Hold You", e e neng ya fitlha kwa maemong a masome a bane le borobabobedi. <ref name="grammys.com">{{Cite web |title=Tracy Chapman |url=https://www.grammy.com/artists/tracy-chapman/878 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705013758/https://www.grammy.com/artists/tracy-chapman/878 |archive-date=July 5, 2023 |access-date=July 1, 2023 |publisher=[[The Recording Academy]]}}</ref> Alebamo e ne ya rekwa sentle, ya ya kwa dipolatinamong tse dintsi mme ya gapa Dietsele di le tharo tsa Grammy, go akaretsa le tlotla ya gagwe ya Moopedi yo Moša yo o Gaisitseng. <ref name="grammys.com" /> Moragonyana ka ngwaga wa 1988 o ne a tlhagelela e le moopedi mo thulaganyong ya lefatshe lotlhe ya Amnesty International Human Rights Now! Tour. <ref name="auto" /> Alebamo ya gagwe e e latelang, e leng ''[[:en:Crossroads_(Tracy_Chapman_album)|Crossroads]]'' (1989), e ne ya se ka ya atlega thata jaaka ya gagwe ya ntlha, mme e ne ya fitlhelela maemo a polatinamo kwa U.S. Ka ngwaga wa 1992, o ne a golola ''Matters of the Heart''. Alebamo ya gagwe ya bone, ''New Beginning'' (1995), e ne ya atlega, ya rekisiwa go feta didikadike tse tlhano kwa U.S. fela. <ref name="riaa" /> Alebamo e ne e akaretsa pina e e tumileng ya "Give Me One Reason", e e neng ya gapa Grammy ya ngwaga wa 1997 ya Pina e e Gaisitseng ya Rock mme ya nna pina ya gagwe e e atlegileng go gaisa kwa U.S. go fitlha gone jaana, ya fitlha kwa maemong a boraro mo ''Billboard'' Hot 100, mme ya nna polatinamo. <ref name="riaa" /> Alebamo ya gagwe ya botlhano, ''Telling Stories'', e ne ya gololwa ka ngwaga wa 2000, mme moragonyana ya nna gauta. <ref name="riaa" /> O ne a golola alebamo ya gagwe ya borataro, ''e leng Let It Rain'', ka ngwaga wa 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2002 |title=CD: Tracy Chapman, Let It Rain |url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2002/oct/18/popandrock.artsfeatures5 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Photograph of Tracy Chapman and Eric Clapton Performing at a White House Special Olympics Dinner - DPLA - 95f7de6b7052d279d6d726552ea0ca25.jpg|left|thumb|Chapman le [[:en:Eric_Clapton|Eric Clapton]] mo seraleng kwa dijong tsa maitseboa tsa Diolimpiki tse di Kgethegileng kwa Ntlong e Tshweu, kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 1998.]] O ne a thapiwa ke American Conservatory Theatre go tlhama mmino wa tlhagiso ya ''Blood Knot'' ka ga Athol Fugard, e leng motshameko o o neng o bua ka [[tlhaolele]] mo Aforikaborwa, o o neng wa tshamekiwa mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2008 <ref>{{Cite news|pages=28–30}}</ref> Atlantic Records e golotse alebamo ya gagwe ya borobabobedi ya setudio, Our Bright Future (2008). <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 30, 2014 |title=Happy Birthday To Danbury's Tracy Chapman |url=https://dailyvoice.com/connecticut/danbury/neighbors/happy-birthday-to-danburys-tracy-chapman/441215/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112230358/https://dailyvoice.com/connecticut/danbury/neighbors/happy-birthday-to-danburys-tracy-chapman/441215/ |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |access-date=January 12, 2022 |website=Danbury Daily Voice}}</ref> Alebamo e e ne ya dira gore a tlhophelwe seetsele sa Grammy sa Alebamo e e Gaisitseng ya Setso ya Segompieno mo ngwageng o o latelang. <ref name="grammys.com" /> [[Setshwantsho:Tracy Chapman at TED conference 2007 by jurvetson.jpg|thumb|Chapman kwa tiragalong ya ngwaga wa 2007]] O ne a tlhomiwa go nna leloko la juri ya ngwaga wa 2014 ya Ditokomane tsa Sundance Film Festival kwa Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 9, 2014 |title=Tracy Chapman, Dana Stevens, Bryan Singer, Max Mayer and More Among 2014 Sundance Film Festival Jurors |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Tracy-Chapman-Dana-Stevens-Bryan-Singer-Max-Mayer-and-More-Among-2014-Sundance-Film-Festival-Jurors-20140109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721195529/https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Tracy-Chapman-Dana-Stevens-Bryan-Singer-Max-Mayer-and-More-Among-2014-Sundance-Film-Festival-Jurors-20140109 |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |website=[[BroadwayWorld]]}}</ref> O ne a opela pina ya ga Rre Ben E. King ya "Stand By Me" mo nngweng ya dikarolo tsa bofelo tsa pontsho ya ''Late Show with David Letterman'' ka Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2015. Tiragatso e e ne ya tuma thata mme e ne ya kwalwa thata mo dipampiring tsa dikgang tse di farologaneng go akaretsa le tsa ''Billboard'' le ''tsa The Huffington Post'' . <ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=Nico Pitney|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/tracy-chapman-stand-by-me_n_7192080|title=Tracy Chapman Singing 'Stand By Me' Will Break Your Heart|work=[[HuffPost]]|date=June 12, 2015|access-date=July 21, 2019}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsela a le malatsi a masome a mabedi, ka ngwaga wa 2015, o ne a golola ''Greatest Hits'', e e nang le dipina di le lesome le borababobedi go akaretsa le e a e opetseng fa pele ga setšhaba e leng "Stand by Me". Alebamo ke ya gagwe ya ntlha ya kokoanya baaopedi ba ba farologaneng ya bo e gololelwa lefatshe lotlhe ka bophara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 16, 2015 |title=Tracy Chapman Greatest Hits releases on November 20, 2015 |url=http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/tracy-chapman-greatest-hits-2015/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721201055/http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/tracy-chapman-greatest-hits-2015/ |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |publisher=About Tracy Chapman}}</ref>  Ka Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2018, o ne a sekisa moopedi wa mmino wa Rap e bong Mme Nicki Minaj ka ntlha ya go tlola molao wa tetlokhopi, a bolela gore Mme Minaj o ne a sampola pina ya gagwe ya "Baby Can I Hold You" kwantle ga tetlelelo. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Tracy Chapman sues Nicki Minaj over unauthorised sample|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/oct/23/tracy-chapman-nicki-minaj-lawsuit|access-date=July 21, 2019|work=The Guardian|date=October 23, 2018}}</ref> Mme Chapman o boletse gore o ne a "ganne gantsi" ka tetla ya gore "Baby Can I Hold You" e sampole. Kgetsi e ne ya bolela gore Mme Minaj o ne a tlola tetlokhopi (sa ntlha) ka go tlhama pina ya "Sorry" le (sa bobedi) ka go e anamisa; o ne a kopa taelo ya go thibela Mme Minaj go golola pina eo. Go ya ka kgetsi, Mme Chapman o na le molao wa go gana dikopo tsotlhe tsa tetla ya go sampola dipina tsa gagwe. Ka Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 2020, moatlhodi wa Kgotlatshekelo ya Kgaolo Mme Virginia A. Phillips o ne a ntsha katlholo e e khutshwane e e neng e solegela Mme Minaj molemo mo kgetsing ya ntlha ya ngongorego ya gagwe, a bolela gore go dira diteko ga ga Mme Minaj ka pina ya ga Mme Chapman go ne go bontsha go dirisa pina ya ga Mme Chapman ka tsela e e siameng go na le go tlola tetlokhopi . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2020/music/news/nicki-minaj-copyright-lawsuit-tracy-chapman-1234772693/|title=Judge Rules in Favor of Nicki Minaj in Tracy Chapman Copyright Dispute|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=September 16, 2020|access-date=September 18, 2020}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, moatlhodi o ne a atlhola gore palo ya bobedi ya ngongorego e tshwanetse go ya kwa tshekong. Ka Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2021, kganetsano e ne ya rarabologa fa Mme Minaj a ne a duela Mme Chapman diketekete tse makgolo a mane le masome a matlhano a didolara tsa Amerika. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/nicki-minaj-tracy-chapman-copyright-lawsuit-sorry-b1784702.html|title=Nicki Minaj to pay Tracy Chapman $450k in 'Sorry' copyright infringement lawsuit|work=[[The Independent]]|date=January 9, 2021|access-date=January 9, 2021}}</ref> Ka tshimologo ya 2020 United States presidential election o ne a opela "Talkin' 'bout a Revolution" mo ''Late Night with Seth Meyers'', a rotloetsa batho go tlhopha. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-03 |title=Tracy Chapman makes rare TV appearance as she urges Americans to vote |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/tracy-chapman-seth-meyers-performance-vote-us-election-b1554908.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405163147/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/tracy-chapman-seth-meyers-performance-vote-us-election-b1554908.html |archive-date=April 5, 2022 |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Fa mofuta wa pina ya gagwe ya "Fast Car" e e opelwang ke Rre Luke Combs e ne ya nna mo maemong a ntlha mo tšhateng ya Country Airplay ka Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2023, Mme Chapman e ne ya nna mosadi wa ntlha wa motho Montsho go bona maemo a ntlha a tlhamo ya pina ya mmino wa country a le esi. Kwa 57th Annual Country Music Association Awards ka Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 2023, o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha wa motho Montsho go ikgapela Seetsele sa CMA, a fenya Pina ya Ngwaga ya "Fast Car", e gape e neng ya dira gore e nne mokwadi wa ntlha wa dipina wa motho Montsho go fenya seetsele seo. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Yahr|first=Emily|date=2023-11-09|title=CMA Awards 2023: Complete list of winners, best and worst moments|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/2023/11/09/cma-awards-2023-best-worst-moments/|access-date=2023-11-09}}</ref> <ref name="cma">{{Cite news|last=Ives|first=Mike|date=2023-11-09|title=35 Years After Its Debut, Tracy Chapman's 'Fast Car' Wins a Song of the Year Award|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/arts/music/tracy-chapman-cma-awards-fast-car.html|access-date=2023-11-09}}</ref> Ka 66th Grammy Awards ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a mane, ka ngwaga wa 2024, o ne a opela "Fast Car" le Rre Combs.<ref>Hudak, Joseph (February 4, 2024). [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-country/tracy-chapman-luke-combs-fast-car-2024-grammys-performance-1234957795/ "Tracy Chapman Performs 'Fast Car' Live for First Time in Nine Years at 2024 Grammys With Luke Combs".] ''[[:en:Rolling_Stone|Rolling Stone]]''. Retrieved February 4, 2024.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Flam |first=Charna |last2=Wenger |first2=Stephanie |date=4 February 2024 |title=Tracy Chapman Delivers Rare 'Fast Car' Performance with Luke Combs at 2024 Grammys |url=https://people.com/2024-grammys-luke-combs-and-tracy-chapman-perform-duet-of-fast-car-at-2024-grammy-awards-8558351 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205033248/https://people.com/2024-grammys-luke-combs-and-tracy-chapman-perform-duet-of-fast-car-at-2024-grammy-awards-8558351 |archive-date=5 February 2024 |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> == Bolwela-loago == Mme Chapman o matlhagatlhaga mo sepolotiking le mo setšhabeng. Mo potsolotsong ya ngwaga wa 2009 le National Public Radio, o ne a re, "Ke latelwa ke mekgatlho e le mentsi le batho ba le bantsi ba ba batlang gore ke rotloetse maiteko a bone a a farologaneng a go thusa batho ka tsela nngwe. Mme ke leba dikopo tseo ke leka go dira se nka se kgonang. Mme ke na le dikgatlhego dingwe tsa me, ka kakaretso ke kgatlhegela ditshwanelo tsa batho." <ref name="Ado" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1988 o ne a opela kwa Lontone e le karolo ya loeto lwa maitiso a lefatshe ka bophara go gopola ngwaga wa bo masome a mane wa Universal Decalration of Human Rights le Amnesty International. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul Paz y Miño |date=January 24, 2014 |title=An Activist Remembers the Concert That Moved a Generation |url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/an-activist-remembers-the-concert-that-moved-a-generation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721195528/https://www.amnestyusa.org/an-activist-remembers-the-concert-that-moved-a-generation/ |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> Ka one ngwaga oo o ne a opela kwa maitisong a tlotla a go gopola letsatsi la bo masome a supa la matsalo a molweladitshwanelo le moeteledipele wa Aforikaborwa [[Nelson Mandela]], tiragalo e e neng ya kokoanya madi a Mokgatlho wa Aforikaborwa wa go Lwantsha Tlhaolele le mekgatlho e le mmalwa ya go thusa bana. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Live Aid's Legacy of Charity Concerts|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4627249.stm|access-date=July 21, 2019|date=June 30, 2005}}</ref> Gape o ne a opela kwa tiragalong ya go gopola ngwaga wa bo masome a matlhano wa Amnesty International o o neng o tshwaretswe kwa Paris ka Sedimonthole a le malatsi a lesome, ka ngwaga wa 1998, o o neng o bidiwa " The Struggle Continues... ". E ne e le mongwe wa baopedi ba baeng kwa Pavarotti &amp;amp; Friends for Cambodia and Tibet ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a borataro, ka ngwaga wa 2000, kwa a neng a opela pina le Luciano Pavarotti e e neng ya akgolwa thata ya "Baby Can I Hold You Tonight". <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGregor |first=Claire |date=July 11, 2022 |title=Tracy Chapman and Luciano Pavarotti's Gorgeous Duet of Baby Can I Hold You |url=https://www.themusicman.uk/tracy-chapman-luciano-pavarotti/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002205011/https://www.themusicman.uk/tracy-chapman-luciano-pavarotti/ |archive-date=October 2, 2022 |access-date=October 2, 2022 |website=The Music Man}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, o ne a opela le go palama mo tiragalong ya AIDS/LifeCycle . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AIDS LifeCycle 2004 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEHMK-5l2Z8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502015645/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEHMK-5l2Z8 |archive-date=May 2, 2016 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |website=Online Posting |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>  O ntse a amega le dikolo tsa bo botlana tsa Cleveland, a dira ditshwantso tsa motshikinyego tsa dipina tse di rutang gape di tlhagisa diphitlhelelo mo ditiragalong tsa bogologolo tsa ya MaAforika le MaAmerika. O ne a rotloetsa "Crossroads in Black History", e e leng kgaisano ya dipolelo ka baithuti ba dikolo tse digolwane kwa Cleveland le kwa ditoropong tse dingwe. <ref>{{Cite journal |year=1990 |title=School Uses Video To Teach Black History |journal=Curriculum Review |volume=29 |issue=8 |pages=11}}</ref> O amogetse setlankana tsa tlotla sa bongaka go tswa kwa Saint Xavier University kwa Chicago ka ngwaga wa 1997. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Previous honorary degree recipients |url=https://www.sxu.edu/student-life/events/commencement/previous-honorary-degree-recipients.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721195528/https://www.sxu.edu/student-life/events/commencement/previous-honorary-degree-recipients.asp |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |publisher=Saint Xavier University}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004 o ne a newa setlankana sa tlotla sa bongaka go tswa kwa lenaneong la bodiragatsi kwa mmadikolong wa gagwe ya Tufts, e le go lemoga boineelo jwa gagwe mo go lweleng loago. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 23, 2004 |title=Commencement Speaker Announced |url=http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/2004-tracy-chapman-doctor-of-fine-arts/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721195528/http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/2004-tracy-chapman-doctor-of-fine-arts/ |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |website=E-News |publisher=Tufts University}}</ref> Ka Moranang 16, ka ngwaga wa 2023, South African Presidency e ne ya itsise gore Mme Chapman ga mmogo le ba bangwe ba tla abelwa Sekgele sa Bosetšhaba – ''The Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo'' se se "lemogang batswakwa ba ba filweng boagedi ba bo ba supa botsalano jo ba bo bontshitseng Aforika Borwa. Ka jalo ke Sekgele sa kagiso le tirisanommogo le sesupo se se tseneletseng sa bojammogo le thotloetso." Taelo e ne ya abelwa ene ka selefera "ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe mo ntweng ya kgololesego ka go tsaya karolo mo maitekong a go golola Nelson Mandela le go lemosa batho ka dikgatako tsa ditshwanelo tsa batho lefatshe ka bophara." Moletlo wa go beeletsa kabelo e o ne wa tshwarwa ka Moranang a le malatsi a masome a mabedi ke borobabobedi, ka ngwaga wa 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 16, 2023 |title=Announcement of the 2023 National Order Awards nominated names by Director-General of The Presidency, Phindile Baleni |url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/press-statements/announcement-2023-national-order-awards-nominated-names-director-general-presidency,-phindile-baleni |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418064745/https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/press-statements/announcement-2023-national-order-awards-nominated-names-director-general-presidency%2C-phindile-baleni |archive-date=April 18, 2023 |access-date=April 20, 2023 |publisher=Presidency of South Africa}}</ref> Gantsi Mme Chapman o opela kwa meketeng ya go thusa batho e tshwana le Make Poverty History, amfAR, le AIDS/LifeCycle . Ke mofemedi . <ref name="Fleming" /> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Le fa Mme Chapman a ise a ke a bue phatlalatsa ka tshekamelo ya gagwe ya thobalano, mokwadi Mme Alice Walker o rile ene le Mme Chapman ba ne ba ratana mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990 . <ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=Sara Wajid|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/dec/15/gender.world|title=No retreat|access-date=July 21, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Brownworth">{{Cite news|title=Tracy Chapman, Valentine's Day and the subversive stories of our lives|url=https://epgn.com/2024/02/15/tracy-chapman-valentines-day-and-the-subversive-stories-of-our-lives/|access-date=July 23, 2025}}</ref> Mme Chapman o tshegeditse kgaogano e e tseneletseng fa gare ga botshelo jwa gagwe le tiro ya gagwe. <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=2002-10-15 |title=2002 - Tracy Chapman still introspective? |url=https://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/2002-tracy-chapman-still-introspective/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823000412/http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/2002-tracy-chapman-still-introspective/ |archive-date=2009-08-23 |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=About Tracy Chapman |language=en-US}}</ref> "Ke na le botshelo jwa setšhaba jo e leng botshelo jwa me jwa tiro mme ke na le botshelo jwa me jwa sebele", a bua. "Ka ditsela dingwe, tshweetso ya go kgaoganya dilo tse pedi tse e tsamaisanya le tiro e ke e dirang." <ref name="auto1" /> Mme Chapman o nna kwa San Francisco. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/06/arts/music/tracy-chapman-career.html|title=Where Has Tracy Chapman Been? Her Grammys Triumph Has Fans Wondering|work=The New York Times|date=February 6, 2024|first=Ben|last=Sisario|first2=Heather|last2=Knight|deadurl=Heather Knight (journalist)|access-date=March 25, 2024}}</ref> == Boswa == Mmila o reeletswe ka Mme Tracy Chapman kwa Saint-Jean-d'Heurs, kwa legaeng kwa [[Fora]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2023 |title=Rue Tracy Chapman: Saint-Jean-d'Heurs (63364) |url=https://adresse.data.gouv.fr/carte-base-adresse-nationale?id=63364_jfm4sm#45.809850_3.447200_15.61 |access-date=June 2, 2025 |website=data.gouv.fr}}</ref> == Disikokerafi == === Dialebamo tsa setudio === * ''Tracy Chapman'' (1988) * ''Crossroads'' (1989) * ''Matters of the Heart'' (1992) * ''New Beginning'' (1995) * ''Telling Stories'' (2000) * ''Let It Rain'' (2002) * ''Where You Live'' (2005) * ''Our Bright Future'' (2008) == Dietsele le ditlhopho == === Dietsele tsa Grammy === === Dietsele tse dingwe le ditlhopho === == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] [[Karolo:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Karolo:Articles with short description]] [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0xzo5fjmtsqu9wcbkq3dyxeq1ghwxix 54983 54953 2026-09-17T06:26:25Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mme Tracy Chapman''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1964) ke seopedi le mokwadi wa dipina wa Amerika. O ne a thapiwa ke kompone ya [[:en:Elektra_Records|Elektra Records]] e e tlhamilweng ke [[:en:Bob_Krasnow|Bob Krasnow]] ka ngwaga wa 1987. Ngwaga o o latelang o ne a golola alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha e e neng ya bidiwa ka leina la gagwe, e e neng ya atlega mo kgwebong, e e neng ya tlhotlhelediwa ke go tlhagelela ga gagwe kwa maitisong a Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute, mme o ne a newa rurifadiwa garataro ka polatinamo ke ba Recording Industry Association of America . Alebamo e e ne ya tlhophiwa makgetho a le marataro go bona Seetsele sa Grammy, go akaretsa le e le nngwe ya Alebamo ya Ngwaga, o ne a fenya dietsele tse tharo: Moopedi yo Moša yo o Gaisitseng, Moopedi yo o Gaisitseng wa Mosadi wa mminong wa Pop ka pina ya gagwe ya "Fast Car", le Alebamo e e Gaisitseng ya Setso ya Segompieno . Ka ngwaga wa 2025, alebamo e e ne ya bolokwa kwa National Recording Registry ke Library of Congress . Ka ngwaga wa 1989, o ne a golola alebamo ya gagwe ya bobedi, ''Crossroads'', e e neng ya dira gore a tlhophiwe gape go bona Seetsele sa Grammy ya Alebamo e e Gaisitseng ya Setso ya Segompieno. Alebamo ya gagwe ya boraro, ''Matters of the Heart'', e ne ya latela ka ngwaga wa 1992. Alebamo ya gagwe ya bone, ''New Beginning'', e ne ya gololwa ka ngwaga wa 1995 mme ya atlega lefatshe ka bophara. E ne ya rurifadiwa ga tlhano ka polatinamo ke ba RIAA mme ya ntsha pina e e tumileng ya "Give Me One Reason", e e neng ya dira gore a abelwe Seetsele sa Grammy sa Pina e e Gaisitseng Tsotlhe mo mminong wa Rock . Go ne ga feta dingwaga di le tlhano pele ga go gololwa ga alebamo ya gagwe ya botlhano, ''Telling Stories'' (2000). ''Let It Rain'' le ''Where You Live'' di ne tsa gololwa ka mo ngwageng wa 2002 le 2005, ka go latelana. Alebamo ya gagwe ya bošeng ya setudio, ''Our Bright Future'', e ne ya gololwa ka ngwaga wa 2008. Alebamo e e dirilweng seša ya ''Greatest Hits'', e a neng a e rulagantse, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Monger |first=James Christopher |title=''Greatest Hits'' – Tracy Chapman |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/greatest-hits-mw0002889914 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107124428/https://www.allmusic.com/album/greatest-hits-mw0002889914 |archive-date=January 7, 2019 |access-date=January 6, 2019 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> e ne ya gololwa ka ngwaga wa 2015. Ka ngwaga wa 2023, Mme Chapman o ne a nna motho montsho wa ntlha go gapa maemo a ntlha mo mminong wa country ka tlhamo ya gagwe a le esi, le go fenya Setseele sa Mokgatlho wa Mmino wa Country sa Pina ya Ngwaga, fa Luke Combs a ne a opela pina ya gagwe ya "Fast Car". == Botshelo jwa ntlha le thuto == Mme Chapman o tsholetswe kwa Cleveland mme a godisiwa ke mmaagwe, yo o neng a mo rekela ukulele a le dingwaga di le tharo. <ref name="biog">{{Cite web |last=Williamson |first=Nigel |author-link=Nigel Williamson |date=March 11, 2008 |title=Tracy Chapman's Biography |url=http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/biography-by-nigel-williamson-2001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819151933/http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/biography-by-nigel-williamson-2001/ |archive-date=August 19, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |website=About-Tracy-Chapman.net}}</ref> Batsadi ba gagwe ba ne ba tlhalana fa a ne a le dingwaga di le nne. O ne a simolola go tshameka katara le go kwala dipina a le dingwaga di le borobabobedi. A re o ka tswa a ne a tlhotlhelediwa la ntlha go tshameka katara ke lenaneo la thelebišene ''la Hee Haw''. <ref name="Ado">{{Cite news|last=Martin|first=Michel|url=https://www.npr.org/2009/08/20/112056043/without-further-ado-songstress-tracy-chapman-returns?ft=1&f=1003|title=Without Further Ado, Songster Tracy Chapman Returns|date=August 20, 2009|access-date=July 21, 2019}}</ref> Kwa Cleveland kwa a tsholetsweng gone, o ne a kgerisiwa kgapetsakgapetsa le go tlhaselwa ka ntlha ya letso le mmala wa gagwe fa a sa ntse a le ngwana. <ref name="Fleming">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/oct/31/tracy-chapman-women-pop-usa|title=Amy Fleming on Tracy Chapman, the quiet revolutionary|first=Amy|last=Fleming|date=October 31, 2008|access-date=March 13, 2020}}</ref> O ne a godisiwa e le moBaptist, a tsena sekolo se segolo sa Episcopal <ref name="Ado" /> mme a amogelwa mo lenaneong la A Better Chance, le le rotloetsang baithuti kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane tsa go baakanyetsa kholetšhe kgakala le mafelo a ba nnang kwa go one. O ne a aloga kwa Sekolong sa Wooster kwa Connecticut mme morago ga moo a ya kwa mmadikolong wa Tufts, a dira dithuto tse dikgolo tsa thuto-loago .<ref name="biog" /><ref name="ambio">{{Cite web |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |author-link=Stephen Thomas Erlewine |title=Tracy Chapman |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/tracy-chapman-mn0000016281#biography |access-date=January 25, 2024 |website=[[All Music Guide]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.spin.com/2019/08/tracy-chapman-self-titled-july-1988-interview/|title=Tracy Chapman: Our 1988 Interview|date=August 18, 2019|access-date=July 7, 2023}}</ref> Fa a ne a le moithuti kwa Tufts, o ne a iketla mo mafelong a a gaufi, go akaretsa le Harvard Square le mo dipolatefomong tsa MBTA Red Line . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-02-23 |title=Tracy Chapman: On snakes, faith and busking for food |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/tracy-chapman-on-snakes-faith-and-busking-for-food-120277.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613204530/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/tracy-chapman-on-snakes-faith-and-busking-for-food-120277.html |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Rosenwald|first=Michael S.|title=To Chapman, underground music is pure performance|date=November 26, 2003|url=https://archive.boston.com/news/local/articles/2003/11/26/to_chapman_underground_music_is_pure_performance/|access-date=2022-06-13}}</ref> Mme Chapman o ne a gatisa dipontsho tsa dipina kwa seromammoeng sa mmadikolo wa Tufts, WMFO, go fa seromamoa tetla ya go nna le dipina tsa gagwe fa a ne a le moithuti kwa Tufts, go ananya tshwanelo le seromamoa gore se tshameke dipina tsa gagwe. <ref name="rollingstone">{{Cite web |date=November 16, 1989 |title=100 Best Albums of the Eighties: Tracy Chapman, 'Tracy Chapman' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-best-albums-of-the-eighties-20110418/tracy-chapman-tracy-chapman-19691231 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712062558/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-best-albums-of-the-eighties-20110418/tracy-chapman-tracy-chapman-19691231 |archive-date=July 12, 2012 |access-date=January 25, 2024 |publisher=Rolling Stone}}</ref> == Mokgwa wa go itshetsa le tswelelopele == Mme Chapman o ne a opela la ntlha mo setšhabeng se segolo fa a bulela moopedi wa go simolola women's music e bong Linda Tillery kwa Strand Theatre kwa Boston ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a mararo, ka ngwaga wa 1985. <ref name="McLaughlin">{{Cite news|last=McLaughlin|first=Jeff|date=May 1, 1985|title=Linda Tillery's 'healing music'|newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]|location=Boston, MA|page=78}}</ref> Moithuti yo mongwe wa kwa Tufts, e bong Rre Brian Koppelman, o ne a mo utlwa a tshameka mme a mo itsise kwa go rraagwe, e bong Rre Charles Koppelman, a mmontsha theipi ya pontsho e a neng a e tsere ka bokhukhuntshwane go tswa kwa seromamoeng sa sa kholetšhe e e neng e na le pina ya "Talkin' bout a Revolution". Rre Charles Koppelman, yo o neng a tsamaisa SBK Publishing, o ne a mo thapa ka ngwaga wa 1986. Fa a sena go aloga kwa Tufts ka ngwaga wa 1987, o ne a mo thusa go thapiwa ke Elektra Records . <ref name="ambio" /> <ref name="rollingstone" /> [[Setshwantsho:Tracy-Chapman 1988 by Zoran Veselinovic.jpg|thumb|Chapman kwa Budapest, kwa Hungary, ka ngwaga wa 1988]] Kwa Elektra, o ne a golola ''Tracy Chapman'' (1988). Alebamo e ne ya akgolwa thata, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Peter |title=On this day in 1988: Tracy Chapman starts a three-week run at No. 1 with her eponymous debut album |url=https://www.hotpress.com/music/day-1988-tracy-chapman-starts-three-week-run-no-1-eponymous-debut-album-22778696 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103083257/https://www.hotpress.com/music/day-1988-tracy-chapman-starts-three-week-run-no-1-eponymous-debut-album-22778696 |archive-date=November 3, 2020 |access-date=April 7, 2020 |website=Hotpress}}</ref> mme o ne a simolola go opela mo mafelong a farologaneng le go aga balatedi ba gagwe. <ref name="auto" /> "Fast Car" e ne ya simolola go tlhatloga mo ditšhateng tsa U.S. ka bonako fela fa a sena go e diragatsa kwa maitisong a thelebišene Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute a a neng a tlhagisitswe mo setshwantshong sa motshinyego kwa Wembley Stadium kwa Lontone ka Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa 1988. Kwa maitisong, o ne a simolola go opela ka boripana mo tshokologong, mme a utlwiwa ke bareetsi ba bantsi fa a ne a le moemedi wa motsotso wa bofelo wa ga Rre Stevie Wonder, yo o neng a na le mathata a setegeniki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Springer |first=Jacqueline |date=June 12, 2018 |title=BBC Radio 4 – Front Row, Tracy Chapman: remembering her remarkable debut 30 years on |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p069w23s |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321102239/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p069w23s |archive-date=March 21, 2022 |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ponagalo e e ne ya akgolwa ka theko ya potlako ya pina le alebamo. "Fast Car" e ne ya nna pina ya borataro e e tumileng mo <nowiki><i id="mwwA">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 mo bekeng e e neng ya wela ka Phatwe a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ka ngwaga wa 1988. ''Rolling Stone'' e ne ya baya pina e mo maemong a lekgolo le masome a marataro le bosupa mo lenaaneng la bone la ngwaga wa 2010 la "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time" . " Talkin' 'bout a Revolution ", e e neng ya latela "Fast Car", e ne ya nna mo maemong a masome a supa le botlhano mme ya latelwa ke "Baby Can I Hold You", e e neng ya fitlha kwa maemong a masome a bane le borobabobedi. <ref name="grammys.com">{{Cite web |title=Tracy Chapman |url=https://www.grammy.com/artists/tracy-chapman/878 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705013758/https://www.grammy.com/artists/tracy-chapman/878 |archive-date=July 5, 2023 |access-date=July 1, 2023 |publisher=[[The Recording Academy]]}}</ref> Alebamo e ne ya rekwa sentle, ya ya kwa dipolatinamong tse dintsi mme ya gapa Dietsele di le tharo tsa Grammy, go akaretsa le tlotla ya gagwe ya Moopedi yo Moša yo o Gaisitseng. <ref name="grammys.com" /> Moragonyana ka ngwaga wa 1988 o ne a tlhagelela e le moopedi mo thulaganyong ya lefatshe lotlhe ya Amnesty International Human Rights Now! Tour. <ref name="auto" /> Alebamo ya gagwe e e latelang, e leng ''[[:en:Crossroads_(Tracy_Chapman_album)|Crossroads]]'' (1989), e ne ya se ka ya atlega thata jaaka ya gagwe ya ntlha, mme e ne ya fitlhelela maemo a polatinamo kwa U.S. Ka ngwaga wa 1992, o ne a golola ''Matters of the Heart''. Alebamo ya gagwe ya bone, ''New Beginning'' (1995), e ne ya atlega, ya rekisiwa go feta didikadike tse tlhano kwa U.S. fela. <ref name="riaa" /> Alebamo e ne e akaretsa pina e e tumileng ya "Give Me One Reason", e e neng ya gapa Grammy ya ngwaga wa 1997 ya Pina e e Gaisitseng ya Rock mme ya nna pina ya gagwe e e atlegileng go gaisa kwa U.S. go fitlha gone jaana, ya fitlha kwa maemong a boraro mo ''Billboard'' Hot 100, mme ya nna polatinamo. <ref name="riaa" /> Alebamo ya gagwe ya botlhano, ''Telling Stories'', e ne ya gololwa ka ngwaga wa 2000, mme moragonyana ya nna gauta. <ref name="riaa" /> O ne a golola alebamo ya gagwe ya borataro, ''e leng Let It Rain'', ka ngwaga wa 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2002 |title=CD: Tracy Chapman, Let It Rain |url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2002/oct/18/popandrock.artsfeatures5 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Photograph of Tracy Chapman and Eric Clapton Performing at a White House Special Olympics Dinner - DPLA - 95f7de6b7052d279d6d726552ea0ca25.jpg|left|thumb|Chapman le [[:en:Eric_Clapton|Eric Clapton]] mo seraleng kwa dijong tsa maitseboa tsa Diolimpiki tse di Kgethegileng kwa Ntlong e Tshweu, kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 1998.]] O ne a thapiwa ke American Conservatory Theatre go tlhama mmino wa tlhagiso ya ''Blood Knot'' ka ga Athol Fugard, e leng motshameko o o neng o bua ka [[tlhaolele]] mo Aforikaborwa, o o neng wa tshamekiwa mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2008 <ref>{{Cite news|pages=28–30}}</ref> Atlantic Records e golotse alebamo ya gagwe ya borobabobedi ya setudio, Our Bright Future (2008). <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 30, 2014 |title=Happy Birthday To Danbury's Tracy Chapman |url=https://dailyvoice.com/connecticut/danbury/neighbors/happy-birthday-to-danburys-tracy-chapman/441215/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112230358/https://dailyvoice.com/connecticut/danbury/neighbors/happy-birthday-to-danburys-tracy-chapman/441215/ |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |access-date=January 12, 2022 |website=Danbury Daily Voice}}</ref> Alebamo e e ne ya dira gore a tlhophelwe seetsele sa Grammy sa Alebamo e e Gaisitseng ya Setso ya Segompieno mo ngwageng o o latelang. <ref name="grammys.com" /> [[Setshwantsho:Tracy Chapman at TED conference 2007 by jurvetson.jpg|thumb|Chapman kwa tiragalong ya ngwaga wa 2007]] O ne a tlhomiwa go nna leloko la juri ya ngwaga wa 2014 ya Ditokomane tsa Sundance Film Festival kwa Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 9, 2014 |title=Tracy Chapman, Dana Stevens, Bryan Singer, Max Mayer and More Among 2014 Sundance Film Festival Jurors |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Tracy-Chapman-Dana-Stevens-Bryan-Singer-Max-Mayer-and-More-Among-2014-Sundance-Film-Festival-Jurors-20140109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721195529/https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Tracy-Chapman-Dana-Stevens-Bryan-Singer-Max-Mayer-and-More-Among-2014-Sundance-Film-Festival-Jurors-20140109 |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |website=[[BroadwayWorld]]}}</ref> O ne a opela pina ya ga Rre Ben E. King ya "Stand By Me" mo nngweng ya dikarolo tsa bofelo tsa pontsho ya ''Late Show with David Letterman'' ka Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2015. Tiragatso e e ne ya tuma thata mme e ne ya kwalwa thata mo dipampiring tsa dikgang tse di farologaneng go akaretsa le tsa ''Billboard'' le ''tsa The Huffington Post'' . <ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921054038/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/tracy-chapman-stand-by-me_n_7192080|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/tracy-chapman-stand-by-me_n_7192080|title=Tracy Chapman Singing 'Stand By Me' Will Break Your Heart|work=[[HuffPost]]|date=June 12, 2015|access-date=July 21, 2019|archivedate=September 21, 2019}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsela a le malatsi a masome a mabedi, ka ngwaga wa 2015, o ne a golola ''Greatest Hits'', e e nang le dipina di le lesome le borababobedi go akaretsa le e a e opetseng fa pele ga setšhaba e leng "Stand by Me". Alebamo ke ya gagwe ya ntlha ya kokoanya baaopedi ba ba farologaneng ya bo e gololelwa lefatshe lotlhe ka bophara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 16, 2015 |title=Tracy Chapman Greatest Hits releases on November 20, 2015 |url=http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/tracy-chapman-greatest-hits-2015/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721201055/http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/tracy-chapman-greatest-hits-2015/ |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |publisher=About Tracy Chapman}}</ref>  Ka Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2018, o ne a sekisa moopedi wa mmino wa Rap e bong Mme Nicki Minaj ka ntlha ya go tlola molao wa tetlokhopi, a bolela gore Mme Minaj o ne a sampola pina ya gagwe ya "Baby Can I Hold You" kwantle ga tetlelelo. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Tracy Chapman sues Nicki Minaj over unauthorised sample|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/oct/23/tracy-chapman-nicki-minaj-lawsuit|access-date=July 21, 2019|work=The Guardian|date=October 23, 2018}}</ref> Mme Chapman o boletse gore o ne a "ganne gantsi" ka tetla ya gore "Baby Can I Hold You" e sampole. Kgetsi e ne ya bolela gore Mme Minaj o ne a tlola tetlokhopi (sa ntlha) ka go tlhama pina ya "Sorry" le (sa bobedi) ka go e anamisa; o ne a kopa taelo ya go thibela Mme Minaj go golola pina eo. Go ya ka kgetsi, Mme Chapman o na le molao wa go gana dikopo tsotlhe tsa tetla ya go sampola dipina tsa gagwe. Ka Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 2020, moatlhodi wa Kgotlatshekelo ya Kgaolo Mme Virginia A. Phillips o ne a ntsha katlholo e e khutshwane e e neng e solegela Mme Minaj molemo mo kgetsing ya ntlha ya ngongorego ya gagwe, a bolela gore go dira diteko ga ga Mme Minaj ka pina ya ga Mme Chapman go ne go bontsha go dirisa pina ya ga Mme Chapman ka tsela e e siameng go na le go tlola tetlokhopi . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2020/music/news/nicki-minaj-copyright-lawsuit-tracy-chapman-1234772693/|title=Judge Rules in Favor of Nicki Minaj in Tracy Chapman Copyright Dispute|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=September 16, 2020|access-date=September 18, 2020}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, moatlhodi o ne a atlhola gore palo ya bobedi ya ngongorego e tshwanetse go ya kwa tshekong. Ka Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2021, kganetsano e ne ya rarabologa fa Mme Minaj a ne a duela Mme Chapman diketekete tse makgolo a mane le masome a matlhano a didolara tsa Amerika. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/nicki-minaj-tracy-chapman-copyright-lawsuit-sorry-b1784702.html|title=Nicki Minaj to pay Tracy Chapman $450k in 'Sorry' copyright infringement lawsuit|work=[[The Independent]]|date=January 9, 2021|access-date=January 9, 2021}}</ref> Ka tshimologo ya 2020 United States presidential election o ne a opela "Talkin' 'bout a Revolution" mo ''Late Night with Seth Meyers'', a rotloetsa batho go tlhopha. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-03 |title=Tracy Chapman makes rare TV appearance as she urges Americans to vote |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/tracy-chapman-seth-meyers-performance-vote-us-election-b1554908.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405163147/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/tracy-chapman-seth-meyers-performance-vote-us-election-b1554908.html |archive-date=April 5, 2022 |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Fa mofuta wa pina ya gagwe ya "Fast Car" e e opelwang ke Rre Luke Combs e ne ya nna mo maemong a ntlha mo tšhateng ya Country Airplay ka Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2023, Mme Chapman e ne ya nna mosadi wa ntlha wa motho Montsho go bona maemo a ntlha a tlhamo ya pina ya mmino wa country a le esi. Kwa 57th Annual Country Music Association Awards ka Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 2023, o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha wa motho Montsho go ikgapela Seetsele sa CMA, a fenya Pina ya Ngwaga ya "Fast Car", e gape e neng ya dira gore e nne mokwadi wa ntlha wa dipina wa motho Montsho go fenya seetsele seo. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Yahr|first=Emily|date=2023-11-09|title=CMA Awards 2023: Complete list of winners, best and worst moments|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/2023/11/09/cma-awards-2023-best-worst-moments/|access-date=2023-11-09}}</ref> <ref name="cma">{{Cite news|last=Ives|first=Mike|date=2023-11-09|title=35 Years After Its Debut, Tracy Chapman's 'Fast Car' Wins a Song of the Year Award|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/arts/music/tracy-chapman-cma-awards-fast-car.html|access-date=2023-11-09}}</ref> Ka 66th Grammy Awards ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a mane, ka ngwaga wa 2024, o ne a opela "Fast Car" le Rre Combs.<ref>Hudak, Joseph (February 4, 2024). [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-country/tracy-chapman-luke-combs-fast-car-2024-grammys-performance-1234957795/ "Tracy Chapman Performs 'Fast Car' Live for First Time in Nine Years at 2024 Grammys With Luke Combs".] ''[[:en:Rolling_Stone|Rolling Stone]]''. Retrieved February 4, 2024.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Flam |first=Charna |last2=Wenger |first2=Stephanie |date=4 February 2024 |title=Tracy Chapman Delivers Rare 'Fast Car' Performance with Luke Combs at 2024 Grammys |url=https://people.com/2024-grammys-luke-combs-and-tracy-chapman-perform-duet-of-fast-car-at-2024-grammy-awards-8558351 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205033248/https://people.com/2024-grammys-luke-combs-and-tracy-chapman-perform-duet-of-fast-car-at-2024-grammy-awards-8558351 |archive-date=5 February 2024 |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> == Bolwela-loago == Mme Chapman o matlhagatlhaga mo sepolotiking le mo setšhabeng. Mo potsolotsong ya ngwaga wa 2009 le National Public Radio, o ne a re, "Ke latelwa ke mekgatlho e le mentsi le batho ba le bantsi ba ba batlang gore ke rotloetse maiteko a bone a a farologaneng a go thusa batho ka tsela nngwe. Mme ke leba dikopo tseo ke leka go dira se nka se kgonang. Mme ke na le dikgatlhego dingwe tsa me, ka kakaretso ke kgatlhegela ditshwanelo tsa batho." <ref name="Ado" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1988 o ne a opela kwa Lontone e le karolo ya loeto lwa maitiso a lefatshe ka bophara go gopola ngwaga wa bo masome a mane wa Universal Decalration of Human Rights le Amnesty International. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul Paz y Miño |date=January 24, 2014 |title=An Activist Remembers the Concert That Moved a Generation |url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/an-activist-remembers-the-concert-that-moved-a-generation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721195528/https://www.amnestyusa.org/an-activist-remembers-the-concert-that-moved-a-generation/ |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> Ka one ngwaga oo o ne a opela kwa maitisong a tlotla a go gopola letsatsi la bo masome a supa la matsalo a molweladitshwanelo le moeteledipele wa Aforikaborwa [[Nelson Mandela]], tiragalo e e neng ya kokoanya madi a Mokgatlho wa Aforikaborwa wa go Lwantsha Tlhaolele le mekgatlho e le mmalwa ya go thusa bana. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Live Aid's Legacy of Charity Concerts|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4627249.stm|access-date=July 21, 2019|date=June 30, 2005}}</ref> Gape o ne a opela kwa tiragalong ya go gopola ngwaga wa bo masome a matlhano wa Amnesty International o o neng o tshwaretswe kwa Paris ka Sedimonthole a le malatsi a lesome, ka ngwaga wa 1998, o o neng o bidiwa " The Struggle Continues... ". E ne e le mongwe wa baopedi ba baeng kwa Pavarotti &amp;amp; Friends for Cambodia and Tibet ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a borataro, ka ngwaga wa 2000, kwa a neng a opela pina le Luciano Pavarotti e e neng ya akgolwa thata ya "Baby Can I Hold You Tonight". <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGregor |first=Claire |date=July 11, 2022 |title=Tracy Chapman and Luciano Pavarotti's Gorgeous Duet of Baby Can I Hold You |url=https://www.themusicman.uk/tracy-chapman-luciano-pavarotti/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002205011/https://www.themusicman.uk/tracy-chapman-luciano-pavarotti/ |archive-date=October 2, 2022 |access-date=October 2, 2022 |website=The Music Man}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, o ne a opela le go palama mo tiragalong ya AIDS/LifeCycle . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AIDS LifeCycle 2004 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEHMK-5l2Z8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502015645/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEHMK-5l2Z8 |archive-date=May 2, 2016 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |website=Online Posting |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>  O ntse a amega le dikolo tsa bo botlana tsa Cleveland, a dira ditshwantso tsa motshikinyego tsa dipina tse di rutang gape di tlhagisa diphitlhelelo mo ditiragalong tsa bogologolo tsa ya MaAforika le MaAmerika. O ne a rotloetsa "Crossroads in Black History", e e leng kgaisano ya dipolelo ka baithuti ba dikolo tse digolwane kwa Cleveland le kwa ditoropong tse dingwe. <ref>{{Cite journal |year=1990 |title=School Uses Video To Teach Black History |journal=Curriculum Review |volume=29 |issue=8 |pages=11}}</ref> O amogetse setlankana tsa tlotla sa bongaka go tswa kwa Saint Xavier University kwa Chicago ka ngwaga wa 1997. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Previous honorary degree recipients |url=https://www.sxu.edu/student-life/events/commencement/previous-honorary-degree-recipients.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721195528/https://www.sxu.edu/student-life/events/commencement/previous-honorary-degree-recipients.asp |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |publisher=Saint Xavier University}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2004 o ne a newa setlankana sa tlotla sa bongaka go tswa kwa lenaneong la bodiragatsi kwa mmadikolong wa gagwe ya Tufts, e le go lemoga boineelo jwa gagwe mo go lweleng loago. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 23, 2004 |title=Commencement Speaker Announced |url=http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/2004-tracy-chapman-doctor-of-fine-arts/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721195528/http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/2004-tracy-chapman-doctor-of-fine-arts/ |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |website=E-News |publisher=Tufts University}}</ref> Ka Moranang 16, ka ngwaga wa 2023, South African Presidency e ne ya itsise gore Mme Chapman ga mmogo le ba bangwe ba tla abelwa Sekgele sa Bosetšhaba – ''The Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo'' se se "lemogang batswakwa ba ba filweng boagedi ba bo ba supa botsalano jo ba bo bontshitseng Aforika Borwa. Ka jalo ke Sekgele sa kagiso le tirisanommogo le sesupo se se tseneletseng sa bojammogo le thotloetso." Taelo e ne ya abelwa ene ka selefera "ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe mo ntweng ya kgololesego ka go tsaya karolo mo maitekong a go golola Nelson Mandela le go lemosa batho ka dikgatako tsa ditshwanelo tsa batho lefatshe ka bophara." Moletlo wa go beeletsa kabelo e o ne wa tshwarwa ka Moranang a le malatsi a masome a mabedi ke borobabobedi, ka ngwaga wa 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 16, 2023 |title=Announcement of the 2023 National Order Awards nominated names by Director-General of The Presidency, Phindile Baleni |url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/press-statements/announcement-2023-national-order-awards-nominated-names-director-general-presidency,-phindile-baleni |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418064745/https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/press-statements/announcement-2023-national-order-awards-nominated-names-director-general-presidency%2C-phindile-baleni |archive-date=April 18, 2023 |access-date=April 20, 2023 |publisher=Presidency of South Africa}}</ref> Gantsi Mme Chapman o opela kwa meketeng ya go thusa batho e tshwana le Make Poverty History, amfAR, le AIDS/LifeCycle . Ke mofemedi . <ref name="Fleming" /> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Le fa Mme Chapman a ise a ke a bue phatlalatsa ka tshekamelo ya gagwe ya thobalano, mokwadi Mme Alice Walker o rile ene le Mme Chapman ba ne ba ratana mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990 . <ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=Sara Wajid|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/dec/15/gender.world|title=No retreat|access-date=July 21, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Brownworth">{{Cite news|title=Tracy Chapman, Valentine's Day and the subversive stories of our lives|url=https://epgn.com/2024/02/15/tracy-chapman-valentines-day-and-the-subversive-stories-of-our-lives/|access-date=July 23, 2025}}</ref> Mme Chapman o tshegeditse kgaogano e e tseneletseng fa gare ga botshelo jwa gagwe le tiro ya gagwe. <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=2002-10-15 |title=2002 - Tracy Chapman still introspective? |url=https://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/2002-tracy-chapman-still-introspective/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823000412/http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/2002-tracy-chapman-still-introspective/ |archive-date=2009-08-23 |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=About Tracy Chapman |language=en-US}}</ref> "Ke na le botshelo jwa setšhaba jo e leng botshelo jwa me jwa tiro mme ke na le botshelo jwa me jwa sebele", a bua. "Ka ditsela dingwe, tshweetso ya go kgaoganya dilo tse pedi tse e tsamaisanya le tiro e ke e dirang." <ref name="auto1" /> Mme Chapman o nna kwa San Francisco. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/06/arts/music/tracy-chapman-career.html|title=Where Has Tracy Chapman Been? Her Grammys Triumph Has Fans Wondering|work=The New York Times|date=February 6, 2024|first=Ben|last=Sisario|first2=Heather|last2=Knight|deadurl=Heather Knight (journalist)|access-date=March 25, 2024}}</ref> == Boswa == Mmila o reeletswe ka Mme Tracy Chapman kwa Saint-Jean-d'Heurs, kwa legaeng kwa [[Fora]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2023 |title=Rue Tracy Chapman: Saint-Jean-d'Heurs (63364) |url=https://adresse.data.gouv.fr/carte-base-adresse-nationale?id=63364_jfm4sm#45.809850_3.447200_15.61 |access-date=June 2, 2025 |website=data.gouv.fr}}</ref> == Disikokerafi == === Dialebamo tsa setudio === * ''Tracy Chapman'' (1988) * ''Crossroads'' (1989) * ''Matters of the Heart'' (1992) * ''New Beginning'' (1995) * ''Telling Stories'' (2000) * ''Let It Rain'' (2002) * ''Where You Live'' (2005) * ''Our Bright Future'' (2008) == Dietsele le ditlhopho == === Dietsele tsa Grammy === === Dietsele tse dingwe le ditlhopho === == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] [[Karolo:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Karolo:Articles with short description]] [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] i2s0nzy5pk9np0bufa8tcb5c0p1l5gh 0 15048 54974 54876 2026-09-17T01:20:12Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54974 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Donna Auston''' ke [[moithutaloago]] wa letso la Amerika . Patlisiso ya gagwe e itebagantse le batho ba e leng ma Africa kwa America e le ba tumelo ya Moseleme . <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Auston |first=Donna |date=July 2014 |title=RACE & PLACE |journal=Azizah |volume=8 |pages=26–28 |via=}}</ref> O sekaseka letso, semorafe ,bong, le maitemogelo a botshelo a go sala tumelo ya Islam morago kwa lefatsheng la United States. Auston o dirile jaaka motsamaise wa sechaba dingwaga di feta masome a mabedi, <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=says |first=Irma McClaurin |date=18 January 2015 |title=Recalled to Life: On the Meaning and Power of a Die-In – Anthropology Now |url=https://anthronow.com/online-articles/recalled-to-life-on-the-meaning-and-power-of-a-die-in |access-date=December 8, 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> mme o tlhagisitswe mo setshwantshong sa motshikinyego le mo seromamoweng mo dipuisanong le bobegakgang ka lotso, Islamophobia, le bomme kgotsa bosadi. <ref name=":11">{{Cite book |year=2019 |title=Muslims and US politics today : a defining moment |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1090015478 |publisher=Ilex Foundation |isbn=978-0-674-24134-3 |editor-last=Khalil |editor-first=Mohammad Hassan |oclc=1090015478}}</ref> {{Infobox person|name=Donna Auston|alt=<!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->|birth_name=<!-- only use if different from name -->|birth_date=<!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth|death_date=<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) -->|education=Rutgers University (BA, MA, Ph.D)|occupation=Anthropologist}} == Thuto == Auston o na le dithutego tsa B.A mo go tsa [[Diteme]] le Dithuto tsa Aforika go tswa kwa [[Sekolong se setona sa Rutgers]] . <ref name=":0" /> O weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tsa Ph.D. gape kwa Rutgers mo Lephateng la Thuto-Batho. <ref name=":0" /> Pego ya gagwe ya patlisiso e ne e itebagantse le go nneng le seabe mo setšhabeng sa Bamoseleme ba Bantsho, bogolo jang mo tsamaisong ya mokgatlho wa # [[Matshelo a Batho Bantsho a Maleba (Black Lives Matter)|BlackLivesMatter]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Third Annual Lecture Honoring the Life and Work of Betty Shabazz & Malcolm X on the 56th Anniversary of His Assassination: If it wasn't for the Women: The Activist Legacies of Louise Little, Ella Collins and Betty Shabazz |url=https://dwighthall.org/event/third-annual-lecture-honoring-life-and-work-betty-shabazz-malcolm-x-56th-anniversary-his |access-date=December 2, 2021 |website=Dwight Hall at Yale |archive-date=December 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202052858/https://dwighthall.org/event/third-annual-lecture-honoring-life-and-work-betty-shabazz-malcolm-x-56th-anniversary-his |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tiro le Seabe == Auston o ruta kwa Sekolong se setona sa Rutgers kwa New Jersey. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Chadwick |first=Written by John |title=Rallying Against Racism, Undergraduate Makes Mom Proud |url=http://sas.rutgers.edu/news-2017/student-news/1930-rallying-against-racism-undergraduate-makes-mom-proud |access-date=November 5, 2021 |website=Rutgers University, School of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Donna Auston |url=https://rutgers.academia.edu/DonnaAuston |access-date=December 8, 2021 |website=Academia}}</ref> O neela dipuo le dipotsolotso ka maitemogelo a botshelo jwa Bamoseleme le Bathobantsho ba Amerika, bogolo jang ka ga kafa maloko a merafe eno a amiwang ka teng ke letlhoo la Boiselamo le bosemorafe. <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Conversation on Muslims and the U.S. Elections |url=https://muslimlife.princeton.edu/news/conversation-muslims-and-us-elections |access-date=December 9, 2021 |website=Muslim Life Program |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Event Info |url=https://secure.americananthro.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?webcode=EventInfo&RegPath=EventRegFees&REg_evt_key=524dc6b7-1fc0-4fe2-89d8-b6e19ca67237 |access-date=December 8, 2021 |website=secure.americananthro.org |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208020858/https://secure.americananthro.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?webcode=EventInfo&RegPath=EventRegFees&REg_evt_key=524dc6b7-1fc0-4fe2-89d8-b6e19ca67237 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=Islamophobia and Race Symposium — Commonwealth Center for the Humanities and Society |url=https://louisville.edu/cchs/events/past-events-1/islamophobia-and-race-symposium |access-date=December 13, 2021 |website=University of Louisville}}</ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Women Speak About Malcolm X |url=https://www.nypl.org/events/programs/2016/05/19/commemorating-birthday-el-hajj-malik-el-shabazz |access-date=December 9, 2021 |website=The New York Public Library}}</ref> <ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=July 30, 2020 |title=Webinar Event : From the Front Lines |url=https://irusa.org/webinar-event-from-the-front-lines-2/ |access-date=December 13, 2021 |website=Islamic Relief USA |language=en}}</ref> Ka selemo sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano , Auston o ne a simolola letsholo la maranyane a [[Twitter]] le le neng la anama, #BlackMuslimRamadan, ka maiteko a go tlotla le go keteka dingwao tsa Mamoseleme a Mantsho kwa lefatsheng la United States, tse a neng a bolela gore di ne di "seyo mo metsweding ya dikgang." <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=15 July 2015 |title=Celebrating the Forgotten Stories Behind #BlackMuslimRamadan |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/blackmuslimramadan-celebrates-history-experience-neglected-group-n391351 |access-date=December 2, 2021 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> Letshwao la Hashtag le ne gape le dirisiwa go tlhagisa dikgang tsa semorafe gareng ga setšhaba sa Mamoseleme. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2015 |title=#BlackMuslimRamadan Aims To Celebrate A Vibrant, Often-Neglected Community |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/blackmuslimramadan-aims-to-celebrate-a-vibrant-often-neglected-community_n_55a02697e4b0ecec71bc2a7c |access-date=December 2, 2021 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Auston le letsholo la gagwe di ne tsa tlhagisiwa mo mafatsheng otlhe, mo metsweding ya [[Dikgang tsa NBC]], dikoranta tsa <ref name=":2" /> [[:en:The_New_York_Times|New York Times]] ,[[:en:HuffPost|Huffington Post]] . <ref name=":6" /> O kwaletse koranta ya ''[[:en:The_Washington_Post|The Washington Post]]'' setlhogo se se bontshang le go tshwaela ka katlego ya letsholo la #BlackMuslimRamadan, le go buelela botlhokwa jwa mafelo a mo maranyaneg mo Bantsho ba ba kgaphetsweng kwa thoko, Mamoseleme ba ka bopang sechaba mo maitemogelong a bone a a tshwanang Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe , Auston o ne a botsolotswa mo tiragalong ya motseletsele wa PBS wa "A Matter of Faith", e mo go yone a buwang ka go tuma mo go golang ga Boiselamo kwa lefatsheng la United States, le go abelana ka ponelopele ya gagwe ya kafa mafelo a Mamoseleme kwa Amerika a ka tokafalang ka gone. Motseletsele ono o tshwerwe ke bishopo, imam le rabi, mme tiragalo eno e tsenelela mo dikgannyeng tse di maleba mo setšhaba sa Mamoseleme, le kafa tshiamiso ya loago e amanang ka gone le kgang ya ga Auston ya go boela morago le go tlhaloganya tumelo ya Boiselamo. O dira jaaka mogakolodi wa ditiro di le dintsi, go akaretsa le tiro ya ditso ya Centre for Brooklyn ya Setheo sa Hisitori ya Brooklyn . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2021 |title=The M Word: A Town Hall Series |url=https://pen.org/event/the-m-word-town-hall-series/ |access-date=December 2, 2021 |website=PEN America |language=en |archive-date=May 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531095831/https://pen.org/event/the-m-word-town-hall-series/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":1" /> Auston e ne e le Modulasetulo wa Komiti ya Thulaganyo ya bokopano ya Boithutatlhaloganyo jwa Bamoseleme ba Bantsho ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Black Muslim Psychology {{!}} BMPC Team |url=https://www.blackmuslimpsychology.org/team |access-date=November 6, 2021 |website=BMPC2021 |language=en}}</ref> Auston o biditswe mongwe wa Baeteledipele ba ba kwa godimo ba le lekgolo ba Bosiamisi jwa Loago jwa Mamoseleme ke MPower Change, mokgatlho o motona go gaisa wa Bosilamo o o buelelang ditshwanelo tsa batho mo Aforika'''.'''. <ref name=":8" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2021 |title=The Interfaith Legacy of Muhammad Ali: "The Wise Man Changes" |url=https://ifyc.org/article/interfaith-legacy-muhammad-ali-wise-man-changes |access-date=November 6, 2021 |website=IFYC |language=en |archive-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204005755/https://ifyc.org/article/interfaith-legacy-muhammad-ali-wise-man-changes |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vision |url=https://www.mpowerchange.org/vision |access-date=November 6, 2021 |website=MPower Change |language=en-US}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Auston one a sokologa mo [[Boiselamo]] . O ne a gola e le Mokeresete mme e ne e le ene motho wa ntlha mo lwapeng la gagwe go sokologela mo tumelong e. <ref name=":5" /> O ne a sokologa kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi <ref name=":11" /> fa a ne a le mo dingwageng tsa bolesome. <ref name=":3" /> Kgatlhego ya gagwe mo Boiselamong e tswa mo keletsong ya go ithuta go le gontsi ka kafa Boiselamo bo tlotlang ka gone ka dikgang tsa tshiamiso ya loago le ya lotso. <ref name=":11" /> Auston ke modumedi yo o tlhomameng wa tshiamiso ya loago jaaka karolo ya botlhokwa ya tumelo le jaaka tiro ya kobamelo. O na le seabe mo sechabeng sa Bamoseleme kwa [[Newark]], le kwa [[New Jersey]] . <ref name=":11" /> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] s5l7kbusiq873xr0p9sr7t23rjx2muf 0 15055 54975 54900 2026-09-17T03:28:31Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54975 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Logaga lwa Wonderwerk''' ke [[lefelo la boepi jwa bogologolo]], le le bopilweng kwa tshimologong jaaka lesoba la tharabololo ya bogologolo mo mafikeng a [[dolomite]] a [[Dithaba tsa Kuruman]], le le fa gare ga Danielskuil le [[Kuruman]] kwa [[Kapa Bokone|Kgaolong ya Kapa Bokone]], Aforika Borwa. Ke Lefelo la Boswa jwa Bosetšhaba, le le laolwang jaaka sathalaete ya [[Motlobo wa ditso wa McGregor]] kwa Kimberley. Ka thutafatshe, kgogolego ya thaba e ne ya senola ntlha e e kwa bokone ya leroba, le le atologang ka go rapama mo e ka nnang 140 m (460 ft) go tsena mo botlaseng jwa thaba. Dipeeletso tse di kgobokaneng mo teng ga logaga, go fitlha go 7 m (23 ft) ka boteng, di bontsha dithulaganyo tsa tlholego tsa sedimentation jaaka go tlhongwa ga metsi le phefo mmogo le ditiro tsa diphologolo, dinonyane, le bagologolwane ba batho mo dingwageng di ka nna didikadike di le pedi. Lefelo le le ntse le ithutiwa le go epiwa ke baithutamarope go tloga ka dingwaga tsa bo 1940 mme dipatlisiso fano di ntsha dintlha tse di botlhokwa ka ga ditso tsa batho mo kontinentengpotlana ya Borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":1">Beaumont, P.B.; Vogel, J.C. (2006). "On a timescale for the past million years of human history in central South Africa". ''South African Journal of Science''. '''102''' (5–6): 217–228. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/EJC96546|10520/EJC96546]].</ref><ref name=":2">Chazan, Michael; Ron, Hagai; Matmon, Ari; Porat, Naomi; Goldberg, Paul; Yates, Royden; Avery, Margaret; Sumner, Alexandra; Horwitz, Liora Kolska (2008). "Radiometric dating of the Earlier Stone Age sequence in Excavation I at Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa: preliminary results". ''Journal of Human Evolution''. '''55''' (1): 1–11. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JHumE..55....1C 2008JHumE..55....1C]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.01.004|10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.01.004]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-2484 0047-2484]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18501953 18501953].</ref> Bosupi jo bo mo teng ga logaga lwa Wonderwerk bo biditswe [[molelo wa bogologolo go gaisa o o laolwang]].<ref>Bower, Bruce (2 April 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160308113337/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ashes-oldest-controlled-fire "From the ashes, the oldest controlled fire South Africa cave yields earliest evidence of human ancestors lighting blaze"]. ''ScienceNews''. Archived from [https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ashes-oldest-controlled-fire the original] on 8 March 2016.</ref> Thutopatlisiso ya 2026 e senotse bosupi jwa gore batho ba ntlha ba ne ba dirisa molelo mo Logageng lwa Wonderwerk lwa Aforika Borwa magareng ga dingwaga di le didikadike di le 1.07 le 1.79 tse di fetileng, go kgarameletsa morago molanako o o itsiweng ka dingwaga di le dikete di le makgolokgolo, go supa gore di-hominin tsa ntlha di ka tswa di ne di roba le go tlhokomela moelelo ya naga wa tlholego mo teng ga logaga go na le go gotsa molelo fa go tlhokafala.<ref>Spain, S. M. C. (1 June 2026). [https://sciencemediacentre.es/en/hominids-used-fire-more-700000-years-earlier-previously-estimated-according-study-involving-spanish "Hominids used fire more than 700,000 years earlier than previously estimated, according to a study involving Spanish researchers"]. ''SMC España''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref><ref>Radley, Dario (5 June 2026). [https://archaeologymag.com/2026/06/early-humans-used-fire-in-wonderwerk-cave/ "Early humans used fire in Wonderwerk Cave up to 1.8 million years ago"]. ''Archaeology News Online Magazine''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref> Wonderwerk e kaya "kgakgamatso" mo puong ya [[Seburu]]. == Tatelano ya thutamarope == Logaga lo na le boteng jo bo ka fitlhang go 6 m (20 ft) jwa dipeeletso tsa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo tse di bontshang ditso tsa batho le ya tikologo go ralala Metlha ya Matlapa ya Pele, ya Bogare le ya Moragonyana go fitlha gompieno.<ref name=":1" /> Go tlhoma matlha ka cosmogenic go akantsha gore magweregwere a basal a tsene mo logageng dingwaga di ka nna didikadike di le pedi tse di fetileng.<ref name=":2" /> Botaki jwa matlapa bo tlhagelela ka sebopego sa ditshwantsho tsa parietal mo gare ga 40 m (130 ft) ya ntlha go tswa kwa kgorong, gongwe tsotlhe di le kwa tlase ga dingwaga di le 1000, le matlapa a mannye a a gabilweng a a fitlhelwang mo teng ga polokelo, segolobogolo go tswa mo tatelanong ya Motlha wa Matlapa wa Moragonyana kwa di simolotseng dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse some le sephatlo.<ref name=":6">Thackeray, A. I.; Thackeray, J. F.; Beaumont, P. B.; Vogel, J. C. (1981). "Dated Rock Engravings from Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa". ''Science''. '''214''' (4516): 64–67. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981Sci...214...64T 1981Sci...214...64T]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.214.4516.64|10.1126/science.214.4516.64]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1687260 0036-8075]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1687260 1687260]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17802575 17802575]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29714094 29714094].</ref> Dikamano tsa dikarolo tsa bogologolo tse di gabilweng kgotsa tse di nang le methalo ga di ise di netefadiwe.<ref>Mitchell, Peter (2002). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WnByPUuKdqEC The Archaeology of Southern Africa]''. Cambridge University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63389-5|978-0-521-63389-5]]</bdi>.</ref> == Go ntsha monontshane == Tshenyo e kgolo e ne ya bakwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1940 fa balemibarui ba selegae ba ne ba epa dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa bokagare jwa logaga go tsenya mo dikgetsaneng le go rekisa dilo tse di humileng ka ditshedi jaaka monontsha – tse tota di neng di na le dipeeletso tsa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo tse di nang le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, marapo le dilo tse dingwe tse di ka bong di le botlhokwa mo go tlhaloganyeng ditso tsa setso le palaeoenviroment. Go ne ga begwa gore go na le lerapo, mme seno sa dira gore go dirwe dipatlisiso tsa ntlha tsa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo le tsa diphologolo. == Dipatlisiso tsa thutamarope == Dithuto tsa ntlha tsa boepi jwa bogologolo tsa dingwaga tsa bo 1940, ka Malan, Cooke le Wells,<ref>Malan, B.D.; Cooke, H.B.S. (1941). "A preliminary account of the Wonderwerk Cave, Kuruman district". ''South African Journal of Science''. '''37''': 300–312.</ref><ref>Malan, B.D.; Wells, L.H. (1943). "A further report on the Wonderwerk Cave, Kuruman". ''South African Journal of Science''. '''40''': 258–270.</ref> di ne tsa latelwa ka bokhutshwane ke [[K.W. Butzer]] ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970.<ref>Butzer, K.W.; Stuckenrath, R.; Vogel, J.C. (1979), ''The geo-archeological sequence of Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa. Abstract of paper presented to the Society of Africanist Archaeologists in America, Calgary, April 1979''</ref><ref name=":5">Butzer, K.W. (1984). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234007317 "Archeogeology and Quaternary environment in the interior of Southern Africa"]. In Klein, Richard G. (ed.). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=c3V9QgAACAAJ Southern African Prehistory and Paleoenvironments]''. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-90-6191-097-8</bdi>.</ref> [[Peter Beaumont]] wa [[Motlobo wa ditso wa McGregor]] kwa Kimberley o ne a dira dipatlisiso tse dikgolo mo lefelong leno fa gare ga 1978 le 1993,<ref>Beaumont, P. (1990). "Wonderwerk Cave". In Beaumont, P.; Morris, D (eds.). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=MJpUAAAACAAJ Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape: Prepared for the Southern African Association of Archaeologists Post-conference Excursion, 9th-13th September 1990]''. Kimberley: McGregor Museum. pp.&#x20;101–134. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-620-15315-7</bdi>.</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>Beaumont, P.B.; Vogel, J.C. (2008). "Discovering the deep African past at Wonderwerk Cave". ''Quest''. '''4''' (3): 3–7. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/AJA1729830X_883|10520/AJA1729830X_883]].</ref><ref>Binneman, J. & Beaumont, P. 1992. Use-wear analysis of two Acheulean handaxes from Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape. Southern African Field Archaeology 1, 92–97</ref><ref>Mercier, Norbert; Valladas, Hélène; Valladas, Georges (1995). "Flint thermoluminescence dates from the CFR laboratory at Gif: Contributions to the study of the chronology of the middle palaeolithic". ''Quaternary Science Reviews''. '''14''' (4): 351–364. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995QSRv...14..351M 1995QSRv...14..351M]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/0277-3791(95)00029-1|10.1016/0277-3791(95)00029-1]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0277-3791 0277-3791].</ref> fa [[Anne Thackeray]] le [[Francis Thackeray|Francis]] [[Francis Thackeray|Thackeray]] ba ne ba dira mo lefelong leno ka 1979, ba epa le go dira dipatlisiso ka dipatlisiso tsa bogologolo le dipono ka go latelana.<ref>Humphreys, A.J.B.; Thackeray, A.I. (1983), ''Ghaap and Gariep. Late Stone Age studies in the Northern Cape'', Monograph Series No.2, Cape Town: South African Archaeological Society</ref> Tiro e e neng e eteletswe pele ke [[Michael Chazan]] wa [[Yunibesithi ya Toronto]], Liora Kolska Horwitz wa [[Yunibesithi ya Sehebera]] le Francesco Berna wa [[Yunibesithi ya Simon Fraser]], ka tirisanommogo le Motlobo wa ditso wa McGregor (kwa dikokoano tse di epolotsweng di beilweng teng), e ne ya dirwa go tloga ka 2008.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">Rüther, Heinz; Chazan, Michael; Schroeder, Ralph; Neeser, Rudy; Held, Christoph; Walker, Steven James; Matmon, Ari; Horwitz, Liora Kolska (2009). "Laser scanning for conservation and research of African cultural heritage sites: the case study of Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''36''' (9): 1847–1856. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JArSc..36.1847R 2009JArSc..36.1847R]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2009.04.012|10.1016/j.jas.2009.04.012]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-4403 0305-4403].</ref> Mofuta wa maranyane wa lefelo o ne wa tlhamiwa ka go sekaseka ka laser, o o neng o le karolo ya [[Porojeke ya Zamani]].<ref name=":3" /> Maloko a botlhokwa a setlhopha a a dirileng ka go tlhoma matlha a dintlha tse di kwa tlase ke moswi Hagai Ron (go tlhoma matlha ka magnet kgotsa ka magnet wa bogologolo),<ref>Ron, H.; Beaumont, P.; Chazan, M.; Porat, N.; Yates, R.; Horwitz, L.K. (2005), "Evidence for Early Acheulian cave occupation revealed by the magnetostratigraphy of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape", SASQUA XVI, 30th March-3rd April, Bloemfontein, South Africa.</ref> Ari Matmon (go tlhoma matlha ka di-isotope tsa lobopo), Robyn Pickering (go tlhoma matlha ka [[U/Pb]]) le Naomi Porat (go tlhoma matlha ka go phatsima mo go tlhotlhelediwang ke leitlho). Maduo a dithuto tseno tsa boepi jwa dilo tsa bogologolo, tsa go tlhoma matlha, tsa magweregwere le tsa tikologo ya bogologolo di ne tsa begwa la ntlha kwa bokopaong jo bo neng bo biditswe ke Chazan le Horwitz kwa lefelong leo.<ref name=":7">Bamford, M.; Thackeray, F. (2009), "Continued excavations at Wonderwerk Cave", ''The Digging Stick'', vol.&#x20;26, no.&#x20;2, pp.&#x20;21–22</ref> E sa le foo di gatisitswe mo motseletseleng wa dipampiri,<ref>Matmon, A.; Ron, H.; Chazan, M.; Porat, N.; Horwitz, L. K. (2011). "Reconstructing the history of sediment deposition in caves: A case study from Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa". ''Geological Society of America Bulletin''. '''124''' (3–4): 611–625. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1130/B30410.1|10.1130/B30410.1]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0016-7606 0016-7606].</ref><ref>Chazan, Michael; Avery, D. Margaret; Bamford, Marion K.; Berna, Francesco; Brink, James; Fernandez-Jalvo, Yolanda; Goldberg, Paul; Holt, Sharon; Matmon, Ari; Porat, Naomi; Ron, Hagai; Rossouw, Lloyd; Scott, Louis; Horwitz, Liora Kolska (2012). "The Oldowan horizon in Wonderwerk Cave (South Africa): Archaeological, geological, paleontological and paleoclimatic evidence". ''Journal of Human Evolution''. '''63''' (6): 859–866. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JHumE..63..859C 2012JHumE..63..859C]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.08.008|10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.08.008]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-2484 0047-2484]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23127763 23127763].</ref><ref name=":4">Pickering, Robyn (2015). "U–Pb Dating Small Buried Stalagmites from Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa: a New Chronometer for Earlier Stone Age Cave Deposits". ''African Archaeological Review''. '''32''' (4): 645–668. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9203-x|10.1007/s10437-015-9203-x]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130387562 130387562].</ref> le mo kgatisong e e kgethegileng mo maranyaneng e e gatisitsweng ka 2015.<ref name=":4" /> Ka Moranang 2021, baithutamarope go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Toronto]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Sehebera]] ba ne ba itsise ka maduo a [[magnetostratigraphy]] le go tlhoma matlha a logaga lono. Go ya ka pampiri e e gatisitsweng mo lekwalodikgannyeng la ''[[Quaternary Science Reviews]]'', go dira didirisiwa tse di bonolo tsa [[Oldowan]] le go bonwa ga marapo a diphologolo go tswa mo ntlheng e e bokima jwa dimitara di le pedi le sephatlo (8 ft 2 in) mo teng go supa gore logaga lono lo nna batho ba [[Motlha wa Letlapa]] wa Pele dingwaga di ka nna didikadike di le pedi tse di fetileng.<ref>Shaar, Ron; Matmon, Ari; Horwitz, Liora K.; Ebert, Yael; Chazan, Michael; Arnold, M.; Aumaître, G.; Bourlès, D.; Keddadouche, K. (1 May 2021). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277379121001141 "Magnetostratigraphy and cosmogenic dating of Wonderwerk Cave: New constraints for the chronology of the South African Earlier Stone Age"]. ''Quaternary Science Reviews''. '''259''' 106907. Bibcode:2021QSRv..25906907S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106907. ISSN&#x20;0277-3791. S2CID&#x20;234833092.</ref><ref>[https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2021-04-26/ty-article/.highlight/archaeologists-find-oldest-home-in-human-history-2m-years-old/0000017f-e6c3-df2c-a1ff-fed3f1e90000 "Archaeologists find oldest home in human history, dating to 2 million years ago"]. ''Haaretz''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref><ref>[https://news.artnet.com/art-world/wonderwerk-cave-worlds-oldest-home-1961900 "Early Humans Lived in This South African Cave 2 Million Years Ago, Making It the World's Oldest Home, Archaeologists Say"]. ''Artnet News''. 27 April 2021. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210429081907/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-04/thuo-wba042621.php "We've been at it a long time"]. ''EurekAlert!''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref> == Dipatlisiso tsa tikologo ya bogologolo == Dikgogodi tse di mo teng ga logaga di bontsha tshomarelo e e kgethegileng ya masalela a ditshedi go akaretsa masalela a dimela tse dikgolo, di-phytolith le diphologolo tse dinnye le tse dikgolo tse di tlhagisang lesedi gareng ga tse dingwe ka ga go nyelela ga mefuta fa go bapisiwa le bokhutlo jwa motlha wa bofelo wa aese dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le some tse di fetileng – e e ithutilweng ke Francis Thackeray.<ref>Thackeray, J.F. (1984). ''Man, animals and extinctions: the analysis of Holocene faunal remains from Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa'' (PhD). [[:en:Yale_University|Yale University]].</ref> Margaret Avery le Yolanda Fernandez-Jalvo ba ithuta masalela a diamusi tse dinnye tse di tsenngwang mo matlakaleng a logaga jaaka karolo ya diteng tsa mantle a morubisi mme tse di nayang ditshupo tsa maemo a tikologo ya bogologolo kwa ntle ga logaga.<ref>Avery, D.M. (1981). "Holocene micro-mammalian faunas from the northern Cape Province, South Africa". ''South African Journal of Science''. '''77''' (6): 265–273. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/AJA00382353_1716|10520/AJA00382353_1716]].</ref><ref>Avery, D.M. (1995). "Southern savannas and Pleistocene hominid adaptations: the micromammalian perspective". In Vrba, Elisabeth S.; Denton, George H.; Partridge, Timothy C.; Burckle, Lloyd H. (eds.). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1A8MmMaN4VwC Paleoclimate and Evolution, with Emphasis on Human Origins]''. Yale University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-300-06348-6|978-0-300-06348-6]].</bdi></ref><ref>Fernandez-Jalvo, Yolanda; Avery, D. Margaret (2015). "Pleistocene Micromammals and Their Predators at Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa". ''African Archaeological Review''. '''32''' (4): 751–791. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9206-7|10.1007/s10437-015-9206-7]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85778379 85778379].</ref> Gape go bolokilwe mmudula, motswedi o mongwe o o botlhokwa wa tshedimosetso ka ga maemo a tikologo a a fetogang kwa ntle ga logaga, o ga jaana o ithutiwang ke Louis Scott mme kwa tshimologong o tlhatlhobilwe ke [[E.M. van Zinderen Bakker]].<ref>Beaumont, P.B.; van Zinderen Bakker, E.M.; Vogel, J.C. (1984), "Environmental changes since 32 000 BP at Kathu Pan, northern Cape", ''Late Cainozic palaeoclimates of the Southern Hemisphere. International symposium held by the South African Society for Quaternary Research; Swaziland (29 August 1983)'', Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, pp.&nbsp;329–338, [[:en:Institut_de_l'information_scientifique_et_technique|INIST]] [https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=7268015 7268015].</ref><ref>Scott, L.; Steenkamp, M.; Beaumont, P.B. (1995). "Palaeoenvironmental conditions in South Africa at the pleistocene-holocene transition". ''Quaternary Science Reviews''. '''14''' (9): 937–947. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995QSRv...14..937S 1995QSRv...14..937S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/0277-3791(95)00072-0|10.1016/0277-3791(95)00072-0]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0277-3791 0277-3791].</ref><ref>Scott, L.; Thackeray, J. Francis (2015). "Palynology of Holocene Deposits in Excavation 1 at Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape (South Africa)". ''African Archaeological Review''. '''32''' (4): 839–855. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9204-9|10.1007/s10437-015-9204-9]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129356271 129356271].</ref> Lloyd Rossouw o batlisisa ka di-[[phytolith]] go tswa mo logageng, tse di bontshang diporofaele tsa dimela tse di fetogang,<ref>Rossouw, Lloyd (2016). "An Early Pleistocene Phytolith Record from Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape, South Africa". ''African Archaeological Review''. '''33''' (3): 251–263. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-016-9227-x|10.1007/s10437-016-9227-x]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:131892937 131892937].</ref> fa magala a a bolokilweng a ntse a ithutiwa ke [[Marion Bamford]] go tlhagisa tshedimosetso ka dimela tsa logong.<ref>Bamford, Marion K. (2015). "Macrobotanical Remains from Wonderwerk Cave (Excavation 1), Oldowan to Late Pleistocene (2 Ma to 14 ka bp), South Africa". ''African Archaeological Review''. '''32''' (4): 813–838. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9200-0|10.1007/s10437-015-9200-0]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162743576 162743576].</ref> Dithulaganyo tsa go tlhoma dithoto e nnile tsepamisomogopolo ya tiro ya ga Karl Butzer<ref name=":5" /> le, ga jaana, Paul Goldberg le Francesco Berna.<ref>Goldberg, Paul; Berna, Francesco; Chazan, Michael (2015). "Deposition and Diagenesis in the Earlier Stone Age of Wonderwerk Cave, Excavation 1, South Africa". ''African Archaeological Review''. '''32''' (4): 613–643. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9192-9|10.1007/s10437-015-9192-9]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:127817825 127817825].</ref> == Tiriso ya kalafi == Ditshupo tsa botlhokwa jwa logaga jwa segompieno kgotsa jwa ngwao di amana gareng ga tse dingwe le go kokoanya metsi ka dinako tse dingwe, ke batho ba selegae ba Aforika, ka maikaelelo a go fodisa. Go na le mafelo a mangwe a a gaufi kwa ditumelo tse di amanang le maatla a ngwao a metsi (go tshwaelwa dikamano le noga ya metsi ya mainane<ref>Morris, D. (2002). ''Driekopseiland and the 'rain's magic power': history and landscape in a new interpretation of a Northern Cape rock engraving'' (Masters). [[:en:University_of_the_Western_Cape|University of the Western Cape]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11394/151|11394/151]].</ref>), sekai ke maloko a [[Kereke ya Sion|Kereke ya Sione]], di akaretsa [[Leitlho la Kuruman]] le [[Boesmanspit]]. Botlhokwa jwa ngwao ya nako e e fetileng jwa lefelo leno bo laolwa ke dipatlisiso tse di tsweletseng tsa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo.<ref name=":8">Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Chazan, Michael (2015). [[doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9208-5|"Past and Present at Wonderwerk Cave (Northern Cape Province, South Africa)"]]. ''African Archaeological Review''. '''32''' (4): 595–612. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9208-5|10.1007/s10437-015-9208-5]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338].</ref> === Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mafikeng === Botaki jwa letlapa mo maboteng a logaga gaufi le kgoro ya lone, bo batlisisiwa ke David Morris<ref>Morris, David (2016). "Revisiting the Parietal Art of Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa". ''African Archaeological Review''. '''33''' (3): 265–275. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-016-9226-y|10.1007/s10437-016-9226-y]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163210526 163210526].</ref><ref name=":7" /> le matlapa a a gabilweng a a fitlhetsweng mo polokelong<ref name=":6" /> a ka kaya go fetoga ga botlhokwa jwa ngwao. === Bokagare jo bo tseneletseng jaaka lefelo la kalafi === Dikarolo tsa tiriso ya diphitlhelelo tse di kwa teng tsa logaga le tsone di a akanyediwa mo mabakeng ano. Chazan le Horwitz ba bua, jaaka Beaumont a dirile, go tlhagisiwa ga di-manuport (matlapa a tlholego a a sa fetolwang) "a a nang le dipharologanyo tse di kgethegileng tsa maikutlo" ke di-hominins tsa Acheulean tse di kwa bofelong, dingwaga di feta dikete tse lekgolo le masome aferabobedi tse di fetileng, go ya kwa boteng jwa logaga lo lo tlhaolwang ke "dinonofo tse di kgethegileng tsa modumo le pono." Ba bolela gore lefelo le le neelana ka "rekoto e e kgethegileng le e e tseneletseng ya diphitlhelelo mo tlhabololong ya maitsholo a tshwantshetso" le "bosupi jwa go tshegetsa boemo jwa gore dintlha tsa maitsholo a tshwantshetso di tlhagile nako e telele pele ga go gasagama ga batho ba segompieno go tswa mo Aforika."<ref name=":8" /> == Logaga lwa Wonderwerk mo dikwalong == * Julia Martin o neela kgaolo go Logaga lwa Wonderwerk mo bukeng ya gagwe ya ''A Millimeter of Dus''t, e setlhogo sa yone se tlhotlheleditsweng ke kakgelo ka ga lefelo leno.<ref>Martin, Julia (2008). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=EkhZPQAACAAJ A Millimetre of Dust: Visiting Ancestral Sites]''. Cape Town: Kwela Books. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7957-0263-1|978-0-7957-0263-1]].</bdi></ref> * Buka ya ga Michael Cope ya ''Ghaap'' e na le dipoko tse di tlhotlheleditsweng ke Logaga lwa Wonderwerk.<ref>Cope, Michael (2005). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QCsgAQAAIAAJ Ghaap: Sonnets from the Northern Cape]''. Kwela. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7957-0195-5|978-0-7957-0195-5]].</bdi></ref> == Seemo sa boswa == Logaga la Wonderwerk, mo teng ga botlhanka jo bo neetsweng Motlobo wa ditso wa McGregor, e ne ya itsisiwe jaaka Sefikantswe sa Bosetšhaba sa Aforika Borwa ka 1993. E ne ya bulelwa setšhaba, jaaka motlobo wa ditso wa lefelo, ka 1993. Mo go one ngwaga oo go ne ga dirwa porojeke e kgolo ya go tlosa ditshwantsho tse di kwadilweng mo dipopegong tsa dikago. Ka 2000 molao o mosha o ne wa dira gore lefelo leno e nne Lefelo la Boswa jwa Kgaolo. Magareng ga 2003 le 2009 e ne ya sekasekwa go ya ka thulaganyo ya go tlhaola e e beilweng ke Molao wa Didirisiwa tsa Boswa jwa Bosetšhaba mme ya tlhaolwa jaaka lefelo la Mophato wa I (i.e.: la botlhokwa jwa bosetšhaba). Go ne ga latela Kgoeletso ya Lefelo la Boswa jwa Bosetšhaba, mme ya gatisiwa mo Kuranteng ya Puso ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2010.<ref>Notice No 178, ''Government Gazette'' Vol 537, No 33006, 12 March 2010, pp 11–13.</ref> E kopantswe le tlhopho ya tatelano le [[Border Cave]] le [[Dikgaga tsa Klasies River|Klasies River Mouth]] ya Lenaane la Teko la Aforika Borwa la mokwalo wa [[Boswa jwa Lefatshe]], e ne ya tlhophiwa gape ka boyone mo Lenaaneng la Teko ka Moranang 2009.^{[<nowiki/>[[Go tlhokega nopolo|''go tlhokega nopolo'']]]} Logaga lwa Wonderwerk e ne e le nngwe ya mafelo a le lekgolo a a tlhophetsweng [[Tebelelo ya Difikantswe tsa Lefatshe ya 2010]] ke [[Letlole la Difikantswe tsa Lefatshe]].<ref>World Monuments Fund (6 October 2009). [http://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/press_releases/2010_Watch_Announcement.pdf "World Monuments Fund Announces 2010 World Monuments Watch List of 100 Most Endangered Sites"] (PDF). World Monuments Fund. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref> == Poloko ka scanner sa laser sa 3D == Ka 2005, [[Porojeke ya Zamani]] e ne ya kwala Logaga lwa Wonderwerk ka 3D.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://zamaniproject.org/site-south-africa-wonderwerk-cave.html#header5-fn "Site - South Africa - Wonderwerk Cave"]. ''zamaniproject.org''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref><ref>Heinz Ruther, Ralph Schroeder, Stephen Wessels, Roshan Bhurta. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170824065514/http://www.wonderwerkcave.com/research-team.html "Research Team |Wonderwerk"]. ''wonderwerkcave.com''. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bone, 2026.</ref> Mofuta wa 3D, leeto la pono, ditshwantsho tsa leru la ntlha, dikarolo le dipolane di teng mo [https://zamaniproject.org/site-south-africa-wonderwerk-cave.html www.zamaniproject.org]. == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Dikgaga mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a Kapa Bokone]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a bojanala a Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a bojanala a a mo Kapa Bokone]] dyuoight7etgjj58wg5zrvjj41domkl 0 15057 54972 54902 2026-09-17T00:43:46Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54972 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Byllye Yvonne Avery''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le {{Infobox scientist|name=Byllye Avery|image_size=150px|birth_date={{birth date and age|1937|10|20}}|birth_place=[[Waynesville, Georgia]], U.S.|education=[[University of Florida]]<br />[[Talladega College]]|known_for=National Black Women's Health Project}} masome a mararo le bosupa ) ke molweladitshwanelo wa tlhokomelo ya botsogo wa Amerika. Motshegetsi wa tshiamiso ya tsalo, Avery o dirile go tlhama ditirelo tsa tlhokomelo ya botsogo le thuto e e amang boitekanelo jwa tlhaloganyo le jwa mmele jwa basadi ba bantsho . <ref name="Oxford">{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Kimala |title=Avery, Byllye |url=http://www.oxfordaasc.com/article/opr/t0001/e1263 |access-date=February 18, 2017 |website=Oxford African American Studies Center |publisher=Oxford}}</ref> O itsege thata jaaka mothei wa [[:en:National_Black_Women's_Health_Project|National Black Women's Health Project]] e e leng mokgatlho wa ntlha wa bosechaba go dira tiro e e kgethegileng mo mererong ya boitekanelo jwa tsalo ya basadi ba Bantsho. Ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe le NBWHP, o amogetse tshono ya thuto ya [[:en:MacArthur_Foundation|MacArthur Foundation]] ya go Tsenya Seabe mo Loagong le Tlotla ya Gustav O. Lienhard ya go Tsweletsa Pele Tlhokomelo ya botsogo go tswa kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Institute_of_Medicine|Institute of Medicine]] sa [[:en:National_Academy_of_Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] gareng ga ditlotla tse dingwe . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Byllye Y. Avery |url=http://www.blackwomenshealth.org/staff-and-board-members/board-member/byllye-nbsp-y.-nbsp-avery-nbsp/_back_Staff.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626180907/https://blackwomenshealth.org/staff-and-board-members/board-member/byllye-nbsp-y.-nbsp-avery-nbsp/_back_Staff.html |archive-date=June 26, 2022 |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=Black Women's Health Imperative |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Lelapa le thuto == Avery o tsholetswe kwa [[Waynesville]] kwa [[Georgia]] mme a golela mo polaseng kwa [[DeLand]] kwa [[Florida]] . Ke morwadia L. Alyce M. Ingram, yo e leng morutabana. <ref name="Oxford" /> Mmaagwe o alogile kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Bethune–Cookman_University|Bethune-Cookman College]]. Rraagwe, e bong Quitman Reddick, o ne a na le lebenkele lo lefelong leo. O ne a bolawa fa Avery a le dingwaga di le lesome le bone. Avery e ne e le ene yo motona mo baneng ba le bararo, mme o ne a rwala maikarabelo a mantsi go tloga fela fa a sa ntse a le monnye. Avery o tsene kwa sekolong sa Talladega College mme a bona dithuto tsa gagwe ya BA mo [[thutong ya tlhaloganyo]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe. <ref name="Oxford" /> O kopane le monna wa gagwe, Wesley Avery, fa a ne a le kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Talladega_College|Talladega College]] mme ba tsena mo nyalong ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro. <ref name="Oxford" /> Byllye le Wesley Avery ba ne ba na le bana ba babedi Wesley le Sonia ba tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bongwe (1961)le ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro ( 1966), ba farologane ka dingwaga di le tlhano. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Byllye Avery |url=https://wams.nyhistory.org/life-story/byllye-avery/ |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Women & the American Story |language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bosupa (1967), Avery o ne a amogela thuso ya go dira dithutego tsa Masters mo thutong e e kgethegileng kwa [[Sekolong se setona sa Florida]], kwa [[Gainesville]] . Fa a sena go bona dithuto tsa M.Ed. ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabongwe (1969) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Byllye Avery - MacArthur Foundation |url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/357/ |access-date=February 16, 2019 |website=www.macfound.org}}</ref> o ne a nna morutabana wa thuto e e kgethegileng. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970)dikgwedi di le mmalwa fela morago ga go simolola tiro ya gagwe e ntšha, monna wa gagwe o ne a tlhaselwa ke bolwetse jwa pelo jo bo neng bo bolaya. O ne a na le dingwaga di le masome a mararo le boraro fela mme go ne ga lemogiwa morago ga loso lwa gagwe gore o ne a na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo thata ya madi. Ka nako eo le ene o ne a itsholofetse ngwana wa bone wa boraro. Loso lwa monna wa gagwe le thusitse go tlhotlheletsa maitlamo a ga Avery a go tokafatsa tlhokomelo ya botsogo le thuto ya boitekanelo mo sechabeng sa batho Bantsho. <ref name="Nebbe">{{Cite web |last=Nebbe |first=Charity |title=Byllye Avery: Advocate for African-American Women's Health |url=https://www.iowapublicradio.org/post/byllye-avery-advocate-african-american-womens-health |access-date=February 16, 2019 |website=www.iowapublicradio.org |language=en |archive-date=February 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217030322/https://www.iowapublicradio.org/post/byllye-avery-advocate-african-american-womens-health |url-status=dead }}</ref> Avery o ne a kopana le mosadi wa gagwe e bong Ngina Lythcott ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989), mme bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba nyalana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005). Lythcott ke ngaka ya boitekanelo jwa sechaba ebile ke molweladitshwanelo. == Bolweladitshwanelo == Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970) Avery o ne a simolola go tsaya karolo mo ditlhopheng tse di neng di rotloetsa batho gore ba nne le kitso le mo ditirelong tsa go romela batho go senya mpa ka fa molaong. Go tsibogela go tlhoka phitlhelelo ya go senya mpa le matlhoki a mangwe a botsogo jwa bomme mo basadi ba Bantsho ba ba amogelang lotseno lo lo kwa tlase ba neng ba lebane le tsone mo tikologong ya gaabo, Avery le badirekaene e bong Joan Edelson, Judy Levy, le Margaret Parrish ba ne ba bula mokgatho kana lekalana la Boitekanelo jwa Basadi o bidiwang Women's Health Centre Gainesville (GWHC) ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone (1974). <ref name="Nebbe" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Kimala |title=Byllye Avery |url=http://www.oxfordaasc.com/article/opr/t0001/e1263 |access-date=March 8, 2018 |website=Oxford African American Studies Center |publisher=Oxford}}</ref> E ne e le kokelwana ya ntlha ya go senya mpa le go tlhokomela basadi mo toropong. <ref name="Oxford" /> Ba ne ba bula dikago tseno morago ga gore boikuelo jwa go bula kokelwana ya Botsadi jo bo Rulagantsweng kwa Gainesville bo ganwe. <ref name="Oxford" /> Polelo ya thomo ya GWHC e ne e le go "thusa basadi go rarabolola seemo se se tlhagisang mathata sa boimana jo bo sa rulaganngwang, jo bo sa batlegeng", ka ditshenyegelo tse di kwa tlase. Kokelwana e ne e tlamela ka ditirelo tsa go senya mpa le tsa thibelopelegi, e tlhofofatsa dithuto tsa thobalano, le go tlamela ka katiso e nngwe ya basadi e e amanang le boitekanelo le ditirelo tse di diretsweng basadi ba batho Bantsho, jaaka go dira ditlhatlhobo tsa sickle cell anemia. Go thusa go ruta basadi ka ditirelo tse di gaisang tsa botsogo, badiri ba ne ba tlhama bukana ya kgwedi le kgwedi e e bidiwang ''Sage-Femme'' . Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi (1978), Avery o ne a thusa go tlhoma lefelo la pelegi le e neng e le lefelo le lengwe la go belegela bana kwa Gainesville. Baoki-ba ba belegisang kgotsa babelegisi ba ba nang le setlankana ba ne ba thusa basadi ka pelegi mme Avery ka sebele o ne a thusa ka pelegi ya balwetse ba le lekgolo pele a tsamaya. 1] Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe (1981), fa a ne a direla mo lekgotleng la botsamaise la [[:en:National_Women's_Health_Network|National Women's Health Network,]] Avery o ne a simolola tiro e e neng ya tsaya dingwaga di le pedi e e bidiwang Tiro ya Botsogo jwa Basadi ba batho Bantsho. Jaaka karolo ya tiro eno, Avery o ne a rulaganya bokopano jwa Dikgang tsa botsogo jwa Basadi ba batho Bantsho jo bo neng bo tshwarelwa kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Spelman_College|Spelman College]] ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro (1983). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Our Story |url=http://www.blackwomenshealth.org/about-us/our-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326135958/http://www.blackwomenshealth.org/about-us/our-story.html |archive-date=March 26, 2017 |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=}}</ref> Basadi ba le dikete di le pedi ba ne ba nna teng kwa tiragalong eno ya malatsi a le mararo. Ditlhogo di ne di akaretsa kgokgontsho ya mo lwapeng, bolwetse jwa sukiri, tirisobotlhaswa ya thobalano, mmele o motona , thobalano, pelegi, botsogo jwa tlhaloganyo mmogo le botsogo jo bo faphegileng. Bokopano jo bo ne bo rotloetsa ba ba neng ba le teng go tlhokomela botsogo jwa bone ka go tsibosa batho, go rulaganya sechaba ka ga mathata a botsogo le go itlhatlhoba. <ref name="Oxford" /> Morago ga bokopano jo, Avery o ne a tlhoma kgotsa a simolodisa tiro ya Bosechaba ya Boitekanelo jwa Basadi ba batho Bantsho, e jaanong e bidiwang [[:en:Black_Women's_Health_Imperative|Black Women's Health Imperative,]] semmuso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone ( 1984) kwa Atlanta, Georgia. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sillman |first=Jael |date=2004 |title=Undivided Rights: Women of Color Organize for Reproductive Justice |url=https://archive.org/details/undividedrightsw00jael |last2=Fried |first2=Marlene, Gerber |last3=Ross |first3=Loretta |last4=Gutierrez |first4=Elena R. |publisher=South End Press |isbn=978-0-89608-729-3 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ke one fela mokgatlho wa bosechaba o o ineetseng fela go tokafatsa botsogo le magareng ga basading ba batho Bantsho. NBWHP e ne ya bula ofisi ya bobueledi le ya melawana kwa Washington, DC, ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1991). Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1991), NBWHP e ne e na le dikgaolo mo mafatsheng a le masome a mabedi le botlhano mme e ne e atolotse phitlhelelo ya yone go dira le basadi kwa Belize, Jamaica, Aforika Borwa, Nigeria, le Brazil. <ref name="Oxford" /> Fa Avery a gakologelwa maikutlo a a sa siamang a a neng a a rutiwa ka tlhakanelodikobo fa a sa ntse a le ngwana, o ne a ruta bomorwadie go keteka mebele ya bone le go bona setswalo. Fa morwadie wa ntlha a nna le dingwaga di le lesome le bongwe, Avery o ne a mo naya kuku e e neng e balega jaana "Letsatsi le le itumedisang la matsalo le setswalo!" <ref>{{Cite book |last=Love |first=Barbara J. |date=September 22, 2006 |title=Feminists Who Changed America, 1963-1975 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HRouCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-09747-8 |language=en}}</ref> Ka bonako morago ga moo, o ne a ruta ka go bona setswalo le go tshola bana kwa sekolong se sebotlana se morwadie a neng a se tlhabolola go nna motshameko o o bidiwang ''go nna Mosadi: Dipusano tsa Bomme le Basetsana'' Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa(1987), motshameko wa nltha o o gatisitsweng o o neng o dirilweng ke basadi ba Maaforika kwa Amerika ba ba abelana dipono tsa bone ka ga go [[Setswalo|bona Setswalo,]] tlhakanelodikobo le lorato <ref>{{Cite book |title=On becoming a woman: mothers & daughters talking together |oclc=30694664}}</ref> <ref name="Oxford" /> Mmogo le baeteledipele ba ba tlhageletseng ba Maaforika kwa Amerika jaaka [[Shirley Chisholm]], [[Maxine Waters]], [[Dorothy Height]], le [[Faye Wattleton]], ba ne ba ntsha le go baa monwana polelo ya phatlalatsa, " Re Gakologelwa: Basadi ba Maaforika kwa Amerika ba Kgololesego ya Tsalo ", ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe <ref>{{Cite web |title=We Remember: African American Women for Reproductive Freedom |url=https://100years.plannedparenthood.org/content/images/era-4/WeRememberBrocure.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326053938/https://100years.plannedparenthood.org/content/images/era-4/WeRememberBrocure.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref> Polelo eno e tshegetsa kgololesego ya go tshola bana (go akaretsa le tshwanelo ya go nna le bana, tshwanelo ya go bona ditirelo tsa thibelo- pelegi le tshedimosetso ya botsogo jwa tsalo, le tshwanelo ya tlhokomelo ya botsogo mmogo le go senya mpa ka tsela e e babalesegileng le e e kafa molaong). Polelo eno e ne ya amanya tlhaolele, lehuma le dikubetsano le mathata a botsogo jwa tsalo mo basading ba Baafrika ba kwa Amerika. Polelo eno e ne ya gatisiwa gape gangwe le gape mme kgabagare ya anamisiwa mo meriting ya dipampiri e le 250 000. Polelo e santse e ka fitlhelwa mo dibukeng tse dintsi tse di buang ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi le go nna balweladitshwanelo. <ref name="Oxford" /> Avery o ne a newa thuso ya Fellowship ya MacArthur mo go one ngwaga ono mo lephateng la melawana ya botsogo. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990) Avery, mmogo le basadi le banna ba bangwe ba le lesome le botlhano ba Maaforika kwa Amerika, ba ne ba tlhama mokgatlho o bidiwang [[:en:African-American_Women_for_Reproductive_Freedom|African-American Women for Reproductive Freedom]] . Mokgatlho o tlhamilwe go fedisa kgobo kgatlhanong le go senya mpa mo setšhabeng sa batho Bantsho le go dira gore go senya mpa go fitlhelesege thata mo basading ba batho Bantsho. <ref name="Cullen-DuPont2000">{{Cite book |last=Kathryn Cullen-DuPont |date=March 2018 |title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIro7MtiFuYC |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-0-8160-4100-8 |page=6 |access-date=March 2, 2018}}</ref> Avery o kwadile le go ruta thata ka tsela e lotso, maemo le bong di amang tlhokomelo ya botsogo jwa basadi ka teng. O ne a bitsa dipharologano tsa boitekanelo magareng ga basadi ba Afrika kwa Amerika le basweu a re ke "phitlhelelo ya tidimalo". <ref>{{Cite book |last=While |first=Evelyn C. |year=1994 |title=The Black women's health book: speaking for ourselves |publisher=Seal |isbn=1878067400 |location=Seattle, WA |pages=6}}</ref> O ntse a le moithuti yo o etelang kwa Harvard University School of Public Health; o ne a direla mo Charter Advisory Committee for the Office of Research on Women's Health of the [[:en:National_Institutes_of_Health|National Institutes of Health;]] o ntse a le mogakolodi wa dikgang tsa botsogo wa Kellogg Foundation's International Leadership Program; mme o ne a direla jaaka mogakolodi wa tlhokomelo ya botsogo jwa basadi kwa Latin America, Caribbean le Afrika. 1]. == Dietsele le Dikakgolo == * 1989: [[:en:MacArthur_Foundation|MacArthur Foundation's]] Fellowship for Social Contribution * 1989: Essence Award for Community Service <ref name=":1" /> * 1994: Academy of Science Institute of Medicine's Gustav O. Lienhard Award for the Advancement of Health Care <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection: Byllye Avery papers {{!}} Smith College Finding Aids |url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/984 |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=findingaids.smith.edu}}</ref> * 1994: Grassroots Realist Award by the Georgia Legislative Black Caucus<ref name=":1" /> * 1995: Dorothy I. Height Lifetime Achievement Award <ref>{{Cite web |title=Billye Avery, the first person, after Dr. Height, to receive the Dorothy I. Height Lifetime Achievement Award featured on PBS Special |url=http://stylemagazine.com/news/2013/feb/21/billye-avery-first-person-after-dr-height-receive-/ |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=stylemagazine.com}}</ref> * 1995: President's Citation of the [[:en:American_Public_Health_Association|American Public Health Association]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=APHA Presidential Citation |url=https://www.apha.org/about-apha/apha-awards/presidential-citation/apha-presidential-citation |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=www.apha.org}}</ref> * 1998: : Business and Professional Women's New Horizons Award <ref name=":1" /> * 2008: Ruth Bader Ginsburg Impact Award from the Chicago Foundation for Women <ref name=":1" /> * 2010: [[:en:Audre_Lorde|Audre Lorde]] Spirit of Fire Award from the Fenway Health Center <ref name=":1" /> == Dibuka tse di tlhophilweng == * * Avery, Byllye Y. "Breathing life into ourselves." ''Feminism and Community'' (1995): 147. * Avery, B. (1999). ''[[iarchive:altarofwordswisd00aver|An Altar of Words: Wisdom, Comfort and Inspiration]]''. New York: Broadway. ISBN * Avery, Byllye. "Who does the work of public health?." ''American journal of public health'' 92.4 (2002): 570–575. * "Byllye Avery." ''The New York Historical'', 2026. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] pw5qi72snvmeforbh9y0xuibc1xtx3e 0 15067 54981 54922 2026-09-17T05:30:35Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Rosetta Douglass|image=Frederick Douglass first child Rosetta Douglass Sprague.png|birth_name=Rosetta Douglass|birth_date=Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 1839|birth_place=New Bedfor, Massachusetts, US|death_date=Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa 1906 (a le dingwaga di le masome a marataro le bosupa)|death_place=Washington, D.C., US|known for=Go lwela ditshwanelo|notable works="My Mother As I Recall Her"}} '''Rosetta Douglass-Sprague''' (o o tshotsweng ka Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a mararo le borobabongwe - a tlhokafala ka Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le borataro) e ne e le morutabana gape e le molweladitshwanelo wa kwa Amerika. Ke mongwe wa maloko a a tlhamileng lekgotla la basadi ba mmala. Batsadi ba gagwe e ne e le [[Anna Murray Douglas]] le [[Frederick Douglass]].<ref name=":1">[https://www.library.rochester.edu/rbscp "Rosetta Douglass Sprague".] ''University of Rochester Frederick Douglass Letters Project - River Campus Library''. River Campus Library. Retrieved 15 September 2026</ref><ref name=":2">Temple, Christel (2010). Thompson, Julius; Conyers, James; Dawson, Nancy (eds.). ''The Frederick Douglass encyclopedia''. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0313319884|<bdi>978-0313319884</bdi>.]]</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Rosetta o tshotswe ke Anna Murray- Douglass e Frederick Douglass ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mararo le borobabongwe, kwa New Bedford, Massachusetts.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">Culp, Daniel (1902). ''[[iarchive:twentiethcentur00culpgoog|Twentieth Century Negro Literature: Or, A Cyclopedia of Thought on the Vital Topics Relating to the American Negro]]''. J. L. Nichols & Company. p.&nbsp;[[iarchive:twentiethcentur00culpgoog/page/n221|166.]] <q>rosetta douglass sprague.</q></ref> E ne e le ngwana wa ntlha mo go ba le batlhano, bomonnawe e le [[Lewis Henry Douglass]], [[Frederick Douglas Jr.]], [[Charles Remond Douglass]], le Annie Douglass (o o tlhokafetseng a le dingwaga di le lesome). Fa a le dingwaga di le tlhano, o ne a fuduga le batsadi ba gagwe ba fdugela kwa Lynn, Massachusetts.<ref name=":3" /> Fa le dingwaga di le thataro, o ne a nna le Abigail le Lydia Mott ba ba neng ba tswa kwa Albany, New York. Abigail o ne a mo ruta go bala le go kwala, fa Lydia ene a ne a mo ruta go roka.<ref name=":3" /> Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le motso, o ne a thusa rraagwe go dira le go phuthela pampiri ya gagwe ya dikgang. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a mane le botlhano, lekgotla la thuto la kwa Rochester le ne la tswalela baithuti ba bantsho dikolo tsa puso. Frederick Douglass o ne a tsenya Rosetta sekolo se se ikemetseng go na le go mo romela kwa sekolong sa batho bantsho fela se lekgotla la Rochester le neng le se diretse baithuti ba mmala o montsho. Morago o ne a rutunsthiwa fa a le dingwaga di le pedi go tsena di supa.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a mane le borobabobedi, Rosetta o ne a dumelelwa kwa sekolong sa Seward Seminary kwa Rochester, New York. Rosetta o ne a kgaoganngwa le baithuti ba basweu fa a le koo. Rraagwe o ne a bua a le kgatlhanong le se mo pampiring ya gagwe ya dikgang.<ref name=":2" /> O ne a kobiwa morago ga tlhopho ya ba a neng a tsena le bone ba basweu, a le mongwe fela ke ene a neng a le kgatlhanong le ene, tlhopho e, e ne e akantswe ke mookamedi o mosweu. O tsene sekolo gape kwa Oberlin College kwa Young Ladies Preparatory le kwa Massachusetts Salem Normal School.<ref name=":2" /> == Lonyalo le lolwapa == [[Setshwantsho:RosettaDSprague1902.tif|thumb|Rosetta D. Sprague go tswa mo bukeng ya ga Daniel Wallace Culp ya 1902 e go kwadilweng ka ene gape e akareditse mokwalo wa gagwe wa batho banstho ba Amerika kwa United States]] Ka Morule a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a marataro le boraro, o ne a nyalwa ke Nathan Sprague.<ref name=":3" /> monna wa gagwe o ne a kile a diriwa lekgoba pele ebile a sa rutega. O ne a retelelwa ke go bona tsela ya go itshedisa le go bona tiro.<ref>Sterling, Dorothy (1984). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=EzGVKN0BHFQC&q=rosetta+douglass+sprague&pg=PA418&redir_esc=y ''We are Your Sisters: Black Women in the Nineteenth Century''.] W. W. Norton & Company. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0393316292|<bdi>978-0393316292</bdi>.]]</ref> O ne a na le bana ba supa (ba akaretsa [[Fredericka Douglass Sprague Perry]]) le bana ba bana ba le bantsi.<ref>Vaughn, Valeria. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160307111841/http://files.usgwarchives.net/md/annearundel/history/family/douglas.txt Descendants of Frederick Douglass".] ''US GenWeb Archives''. US GenWeb Archives. Retrieved 15 September 2026</ref> Rosetta o ne a akanya ka tsela e e masisi jaaka rraagwe, ka jalo a le kgatlhanong le ditiro tsa bong ka nako ya gagwe.<ref name=":2" /> Douglass o berekile le rraagwe, gape o ne a na le kitso ka dikgang tsa tshiamiso ya matshelo a batho. O ne a sa eme nokeng go nyala motho mosweu ebong [[Helen Pitts Douglass]] ga ga rraagwe morago ga go tlhokafala ga ga mmaagwe.<ref name=":2" /> O ne a gakolola raagwe gape kgatlhanong le go dumalana le botautona jwa banka ya Freedman.<ref name=":2" /> == Go ruta, go kwala le go lwela ditshwanelo == Douglass o berekile e le morutabana. Morago o ne a nna mmalelwapa le mosadi. O kwadile pampiri ya ''My Mother as I Recall Her'' ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, ga mmogo le pampiri ya ''What Role is the Educated Negro Woman to Play in the Uplifting of Her Race?''<ref>Yellin, Jean; Bond, Cynthia (1991). ''[[iarchive:penisourslisting0000yell|The Pen is Ours: A Listing of Writings by and about African-American Women Before 1910 with Secondary Bibliography to the Present]]'' (1st&nbsp;ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.&nbsp;[[iarchive:penisourslisting0000yell/page/150|150.]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0195062038|ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0195062038</bdi>]]. <q>rosetta douglass sprague.</q></ref> O kwadile "keetane e e kgopisang le thupa e e senang mautlwelobotlhoko e ne e le didirisiwa tse di neng di didirisiwa go kgona go tlhabisa ditlhong le go nyenyafatsa mo [[Aferika|Aforika]]. Go rata madi e ne e le popego ya bontsi jwa banna ba basweu ba Amerika ba ba neng ba diragatsa dilo tse mo mo Aforikeng." O kwadile gape a re, "letlelelang motho montsho dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi masome a matlhano tsa go amana mo go senang boikgagapelelo go busolosetsa dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi le masome a matlhano tsa boikgagapelo jwa batho basweu, le go bereka ka natla mo go ipusolosetseng fela jaaka o ne o ntse mo go mo nyenyafatseng - morago ga moo o ka mo atlhola."<ref>Culp, Daniel Wallace (1902). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=RZgLAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y ''Twentieth Century Negro Literature: Or, A Cyclopedia of Thought on the Vital Topics Relating to the American Negro''.] [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780598621122|<bdi>9780598621122</bdi>.]]</ref> O ne a ya go nna leloko le le tlhamileng lekgotla la basadi ba mmala.<ref name=":2" /> == Loso == Douglass e ne e le leloko la kereke ya ntlha ya MaSabata, kwa Washington, D.C go fitlhelela a tlhokafala.<ref>[https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=187421 "First Church of Seventh-day Adventists".] ''The Historical Marker Database''. Retrieved 15 September 2026</ref> O tlhokafetse ka Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le borataro. == Metswedi == s2ookloqf5t9gbr8q534dqh92rkjcxx 0 15071 54971 54933 2026-09-17T00:09:33Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54971 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Blxckie.jpg|thumb]] '''Sihle Sithole''' (o belegwe ka 24 Ngwanatsele 1999), yo o itsegeng ka leina la '''Blxckie''', ke moopedi, mokwadi wa dipina le motlhami wa direkoto go tswa kwa Sydenham Heights, [[Durban]], [[Aforika Borwa|Afrika Borwa]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220102070130/https://www.breakroomafrica.com/music/2021/2/1/the-rise-of-blxckie The Rise of Blxckie]". Breakroom Africa. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022</ref> Album ya gagwe ya ntlha ya studio B4Now (2021) e ne ya amogelwa jaaka ya gauta mo Afrika Borwa. == Botshelo jwa pele le jwa botho == Sihle Sithole o belegwe ka 24 Ngwanatsele 1999 kwa Sydenham Heights, [[Durban]], [[Afrika Borwa]].<ref>Mbendeni, Alutho (22 July 2021). "[https://www.news24.com/amp/drum/celebs/news/rapper-blxckie-on-his-album-success-and-new-found-fame-20210722 Rapper Blxckie on his album success and new found fame | Drum"]. Drum. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022</ref> <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/@blxckie_somnyama/about "blxckie's about page on YouTube"]. YouTube. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.</ref>O simolotse go kgatlhegela mmino a le dingwaga di le 6 fa a ne a rekota mmino le ditsala tsa gagwe. Sithole o ne a ikwadisetsa kwa [[Yunibesithi ya Kwazulu-Natal|Yunibesithing ya KwaZulu-Natal]] ka dikirii ya Psychology, mme a retelelwa ke go aloga ka nako ya go tswalelwa ka nako ya leroborobo la [[COVID-19]]. Ka Lwetse 2024 Blxckie o ne a nna le ngwana wa gagwe wa ntlha wa mosetsana.<ref>Mzandisi, compiled by Iviwe. "[https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/a-new-chapter-begins-rapper-blxckie-and-youtuber-hermosa-lit-share-baby-news-with-touching-video-20240904 'A new chapter begins': Rapper Blxckie and YouTuber Hermosa Lit share baby news with touching video"]. Life. Retrieved 28 March 2025.</ref> == Tiro == Ka Mopitlwe 2020, o ne a bidiwa [[Up Next]] ke [[Apple Music]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210411145521/https://trace.tv/people/blxckie-announced-apple-music-next-artist-south-africa/ "Blxckie Announced As Apple Music Up Next Artist In South Africa"]. Trace. 23 March 2021. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022</ref> <ref>Shumba, Ano (19 March 2021). [https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-blxckie-featured-apple-music-next "SA: Blxckie featured on Apple Music Up Next"]. Music In Africa. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022.</ref> <ref>[https://www.okayafrica.com/blxckie-named-apple-music-up-next/ "Blxckie Named Apple Music's 'Up Next' Artist"]. okayafricasite. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022</ref>Ka 30 Moranang 2021, single ya gagwe "David" e ne ya gololwa.<ref>"[https://www.yomzansi.com/2021/04/30/blxckie-drops-new-single-david-ahead-of-debut-album-b4now/ Blxckie drops new single 'David' ahead of debut album 'B4Now'".] YoMzansi. 30 April 2021. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</ref> Pina e ne ya amogelwa jaaka gouta kwa Afrika Borwa.<ref>Keteyi, Oluthando (24 May 2022). [https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/blxckie-celebrates-10-plaques-in-one-year-and-bags-brand-deal-51eb0694-765f-434e-9871-a06a68f57ab2 "Blxckie celebrates 10 plaques in one year and bags brand deal"]. Independent Online. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</ref> Ka 14 Motsheganong 2021, o ne a golola pina ya "Ye ×4" e e nang le Nasty C; e ne ya netefadiwa platinamo e e gabedi ka go rekisa diyuniti tse di fetang 40,000.Album ya gagwe ya ntlha ya studio B4Now e ne ya gololwa ka 21 Motsheganong 2021. E na le ditshupo tsa bataki ba ba jaaka [[Nasty C]], LucasRaps, FLVME, Rowlene, le LeoDaleo.<ref>[https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/how-blxckie-breathed-new-life-into-sa-hip-hop-in-2021-f6982c7f-6a47-4476-8492-ad13eb57b42f "How Blxckie breathed new life into SA hip hop in 2021]". www.iol.co.za. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.</ref> Alebamo e ne ya netefadiwa ka gauta mo Afrika Borwa ka thekiso ya diyuniti tse di fetang 10 000. Blxckie o simolotse leeto la gagwe la B4Now Tour ka 26 Ngwanatsele, a simolola kwa motseng wa gaabo wa Durban kwa The Warehouse mme a akaretsa matlha a le 10 a a tsereng go fitlha ka Sedimonthole wa 2021.O fentse Freshman of the Year mme o ne a tlhophiwa mo go Album of the Year ([[B4Now]]), Song of the Year ("Ye×4") le Best Collaboration kwa South African Hip Hop Awards 2021. Ka Sedimonthole 2021, o ne a le mo maemong a ntlha mo MTV Base: SA's Hottest MCs. "Cold" e ne ya gololwa jaaka e le nngwe ya EP ya gagwe e ntšhwa ka 3 Tlhakole 2022.Ka 18 Tlhakole 2022, EP ya gagwe 4LUV e ne ya gololwa. Ka Ngwanatsele 2023, Blxckie o ne a saena tumalano ya go rekota le Def Jam. Go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa Tlhakole 2024, o ne a itsisiwe jaaka tshegetso ya tiro mo We Only Talk About Real Shit When We're Fucked Up Tour le Bas, e e neng ya rekisiwa ka 3 Mopitlwe kwa Dallas, Texas, mme ya konelwa kwa New York ka 9 Moranang. Papadi ya gagwe ya See u soon, e ne ya gololwa ka 26 Phukwi 2024. [[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang]] == Metswedi == 68upjyl8mcxipt2yay97joar06iaufq 0 15074 54982 54942 2026-09-17T06:08:35Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54982 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Hodges cape-good-hope.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa ga Hodges sa Kapa (1772). Gaufi le fa, ka 1794, sekepe sa makgoba sa ''São José Paquete Africa'' se ne sa nwela le dithoto tsa sone tsa batho.]] '''''São José Paquete Africa''''' (gape ele, ''São José-Paquete de Africa'') e ne e le [[sekepe sa makgoba]] sa Mapotokisi se se neng sa nwela ka 1794 gaufi le lotshitshi la [[Cape Town|Motse Kapa]], ​​Aforika Borwa. Gaufi le lotshitshi lwa lewatle, mme e le mo metsing a a kwa teng, makgoba a le makgolo a mabedi le metso e lesome le bobedi mo go a le makgolo a mane go ya go a le makgolo a matlhano a Maaforika a a neng a le mo sekepeng a ne a swa fa sekepe se ne se nwela.<ref>Cooper, Helene (May 31, 2015). [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/01/world/africa/tortuous-history-traced-in-sunken-slave-ship-found-off-south-africa.html "Grim History Traced in Sunken Slave Ship Found Off South Africa"]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> Ka 2015, Motlobo wa ditso wa Maaforika a Amerika wa [[Smithsonian]], [[Metlobo ya Iziko]] ya Aforika Borwa, Porojeke ya Dithotobolo tsa Makgoba, le balekane ba bangwe, ba netefaditse go ribololwa ga dithotobolo tsa sekepe gaufi le fa se nweletseng teng.<ref>Sanders, Sam (May 31, 2015). [https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/05/31/411044691/the-wreck-of-a-221-year-old-slave-ship-is-confirmed-off-south-africa "Wreck Of A 221-Year-Old Slave Ship Is Confirmed Off South Africa"]. NPR.</ref><ref name=":2">Smith, David (June 2, 2015). [http://mg.co.za/article/2015-06-02-sa-beach-service-to-honour-slaves-drowned-in-1794-shipwreck "South Africans honour slaves drowned in 1794 shipwreck"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> Sekepe le makgoba a sone se ne se lebile go tswa kwa [[Mozambique wa Mapotokisi]] go ya kwa [[Brazil wa Bokolone|Brazil]] [[Brazil wa Bokolone|wa Bokolone]], ka nako ya fa [[kgwebo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya makgoba ya Aforika]] e ne e le kwa godimo.<ref name=":1">Gass, Henry (June 1, 2015). [https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/USA-Update/2015/0601/Wreck-of-slave-ship-Why-the-Sao-Jose-fascinates "Wreck of slave ship: Why the São José fascinates"]. ''The Christian Science Monitor''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729 0882-7729]. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> Ke dikepe tse dingwe di le mmalwa tsa pele tsa makgoba tse di bonweng, fela ''São José'' ke sekepe sa ntlha le se le sengwe fela se se thubegileng se se ribolotsweng, go tloga ka Seetebosigo a tlhola malatsi a mararo, 2015, sa sekepe sa makgoba se se dirang, se se neng sa nwela fa se tsamaya se na le dithoto tsa sone tsa batho mo sekepeng.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Catlin, Roger (May 31, 2015). [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/sunken-18th-century-slave-ship-found-south-africa-180955458/?no-ist "Smithsonian to Receive Artifacts From Sunken 18th-Century Slave Ship Found Off the Coast of South Africa"]. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> == Ditso == [[Setshwantsho:NavioNegreiro.gif|thumb|Ditshwantsho tsa mefuta ya dipalamo tsa makgoba tsa Mapotokisi, tse di tshwanang le tsa makgoba a mangwe]] Ka Moranang a le masome a mabedi le bosupa, 1794, sekepe sa ''São José'' se ne sa tswa kwa [[Lisbon]], kwa Portugal, mokapotene wa sone e le Manuel João Pereira. Mo setshoding sa yone go ne go na le morwalo wa ditshipi tse di tlhomamisitsweng ka kelotlhoko tse dikepe tse di tsamayang di neng di di tlhoka gore di kgone go tsamaisa bokete jo bo sutang jwa makgolokgolo a batho ba ba tshwerweng ka bongwe mo lewatleng le le bulegileng.<ref>Fields, Gary; Zhang, River; Martin, Jacquelyn (March 12, 2026). [https://apnews.com/article/smithsonian-african-american-museum-slavery-exhibit-removal-8509b2b531b28260fa32a4261229ef25 "Slavery exhibit is changing at the African American history museum as a loan agreement ends"]. ''AP News''.</ref> Lefelo le sekepe seno se neng se ya kwa go lone, e leng kolone ya Mapotokisi ya Mozambique kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Aforika, e ne e le motswedi o mosha wa kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic. Sekepe sa ''São José'' ke sengwe sa dikepe tsa ntlha tse di itsiweng tse di neng tsa leka go tsamaya sekgala se seleele go tswa kwa Portugal go ya kwa Mozambique go ya kwa Brazil. Tsela ya sekepe seno e emela maiteko a a oketsegileng a bagwebi ba makgoba ba Yuropa a go bona makgoba. Kgwebisano ya makgoba e e neng ya feta makgolo a mabedi a dingwaga mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa bophirima lwa Aforika e ne ya fokotsa palo ya batho, mme mmogo le kgaisano e e neng e ntse e oketsega, e ne ya dira gore Portugal e romele dikepe tse di bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le sekete kwa go nngwe ya metswedi e e kgakala thata, e e tlhwatlhwatlase ya makgoba mo kgwebong ya go kgabaganya Atlantic, e leng Mozambique, go rwala makgoba go ralala Kapa Aforika go ya kwa Brazil.<ref>Weber, Greta (June 5, 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150607030319/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/06/150605-shipwreck-slave-trade-south-africa-18th-century-brazil/ "Shipwreck Shines Light on Historic Shift in Slave Trade"]. ''National Geographic News''. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/06/150605-shipwreck-slave-trade-south-africa-18th-century-brazil the original] on June 7, 2015. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> Mo tshimologong ya Sedimonthole, kwa maemelodikepeng a [[Setlhaketlhake sa Mozambique]], badiri ba sekepe ba ne ba pega dithoto tsa bone tsa batho mme ba simolola go tsamaya. Banna, basadi le bana ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba go ka direga gore ba ne ba tswa kwa bogareng jwa Mozambique. Loeto lwa bone mo lefelong la makgoba go ya kwa [[Maranhão]], kwa Brazil, lo ne lo tla tsaya dikgwedi di ka nna nne.<ref name=":2" /> Loeto lono lo ne lwa tsaya dibeke di le mmalwa fela. Sekepe seno se ne se leka go feta mo metsing a a thata a a gaufi le Kapa ka nako e e ka nnang ya bobedi makuku a Sedimonthole a le malatsi a masome mabedi le bosupa. Gaufi le [[Camps Bay]], se ne sa thulana le mafika a a neng a le mo metsing a a neng a le dimitara di ka nna lekgolo go tswa kwa lotshitshing. E re ka sekepe se ne se le mo tlalelong, badiri ba sone ba ne ba kua mokgosi ka go thuntsha dikanono. [[Barq|Barque]] e e nang le dingwe tsa dithoto tsa batho e ne ya kgona go fitlha kwa pabalesegong ya [[Cape Colony|Koloni ya Kapa]]. Dithapo tse di nang le diroto le tsone di ne tsa dirisiwa go thusa go boloka matshelo mme sekepe se ne sa thubega ka dikarolwana mo e ka nnang ka nako ya botlhano. Mokapotene le badiri botlhe ba sekepe ba ne ba namolwa, mme makgoba a le makgolokgolo a ne a nwela, gongwe ba le mo dikeetaneng tsa bone tsa tshipi. Bafalodi ba ne ba rekisiwa ka bonako kwa Koloning ya Kapa.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ingeno, Lauren (June 10, 2015). [http://phys.org/news/2015-06-archaeologist-resurfaces-stories-sunken-slave.html "Archaeologist resurfaces stories from a sunken slave ship"]. phys.org.</ref> == Thibololo == [[Setshwantsho:NPS Sao Jose.jpg|thumb|Bathuthusi gaufi le lefelo la sekepe se se thubegileng]] Bathuthusi ba selegae ba fitlhetse sekepe se se thubegileng kwa [[lotshitshing la Clifton]] ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980 mme ba se supa ka phoso jaaka sekepe sa kgwebo sa Dutch. Dilo di le mmalwa go tswa mo sekepeng, go akaretsa dibautu, dibolo tsa dikanono le dikanono di ne tsa tlosiwa ke batsomi ba letlotlo.<ref>Little, Becky. [https://www.history.com/news/slave-ship-wreckage-discovery-south-africa-sao-jose "First Wrecked Slave Ship Discovery Yields Brutal Details"]. ''www.history.com''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> Diphitlhelelo mo dipolokelong tsa Aforika Borwa le Portugal, mmogo le diteko tsa dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla di netefaditse ka 2015 gore sekepe seno e ne e le sekepe sa makgoba sa ''São José''. Ka Seetebosigo a thola malatsi a mararo, 2015, mmogo le kitsiso ya semmuso ya se se bonweng, go ne ga tshwarwa tirelo ya segopotso sa ba ba latlhegileng. Bathuthusi ba le bararo ba ba tswang kwa Aforika Borwa, kwa United States le kwa Mozambique ba ne ba gasamisa mmu go tswa kwa mafatsheng a makgoba mo lekhubung le le seng kgakala le sekepe se se thubegileng. Dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa lefelong la go thuma di ne tsa bontshiwa kwa Slave Lodge ya [[Motlobo wa Iziko]] wa Aforika Borwa ka Seetebosigo 2015, mme di dirwa maiteko a tshomarelo koo, mme dipatlisiso tse dingwe le go di busetsa di tswelela pele.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170901021641/http://iziko.org.za/news/entry/slave-wreck-artefacts-on-display "Slave Wreck Artefacts on Display"]. ''iziko.org.za''. Iziko Museums of South Africa. June 5, 2015. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref><ref>Jones, Sam (January 8, 2023). [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/08/a-search-for-ourselves-shipwreck-becomes-focus-of-slavery-debate "'A search for ourselves': shipwreck becomes focus of slavery debate"]. ''The Guardian''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077 0261-3077]. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> Dilo dingwe tse di dirilweng ka diatla di ne tsa adimiwa gore di bontshiwe kwa [[Motlobo wa Ditso tsa Maaforika a Amerika wa United States|Motlobong wa Ditso tsa Maaforika a Amerika wa United States]], fa o ne o bulwa ka 2016.<ref>[https://nmaahc.si.edu/about/news/artifacts-slave-shipwreck-arrive-national-museum%C2%A0-african-american-history-and-culture "Artifacts From Slave Shipwreck Arrive at the National Museum of African American History and Culture"]. ''National Museum of African American History and Culture''. July 13, 2016. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref><ref>Torchia, Christopher (June 2, 2015). [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/sns-bc-af--south-africa-slave-ship-20150602-story.html "Slaves who died in 1794 Cape Town shipwreck are remembered"]. ''Chicago Tribune''. Associated Press. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref><ref>McGlone, Peggy (May 30, 2015). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/humble-objects-that-tell-a-powerful-story/2015/05/30/e5dbd9fc-062f-11e5-8bda-c7b4e9a8f7ac_story.html "'Humble objects' of a sunken slave ship tell a powerful and emotional story"]. ''The Washington Post''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286 0190-8286]. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref><ref>Davis, Rebecca. [http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2015-06-03-of-sunken-slave-ships-and-neo-imperialism/ "Of sunken slave ships and neo-imperialism"]. ''Daily Maverick''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> Go amana le ngwagakgopotso wa 2015 wa go fedisiwa ga bokgoba kwa Aforika Borwa le tiro ya ''Sao Jose'', Iziko e ne ya simolola pontsho e ntsha ya maranyane, ''Bokgoba mo Aforika Borwa''.<ref>[http://www.iziko.org.za/news/entry/iziko-commemorates-the-abolition-of-slavery-in-south-africa/ "Iziko Commemorates the Abolition of Slavery in South Africa"]. ''Iziko Museums''. November 27, 2015. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Dikepe tsa makgoba tsa Mapotokisi]] [[Karolo:Dikepe tsa bo 1970]] [[Karolo:Masalela a dikepe a lotshitshi la Atlantic la Aforika Borwa]] bj6la8ikulyog8knvkilsxmq22rgdx6 0 15075 54952 54947 2026-09-16T12:20:32Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e 54952 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nell Carter''' (o tshotswe e le '''Nell Ruth Hardy''' ; <ref>{{Cite book |date=February 25, 2019 |title=Contemporary theatre, film, and television |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0eJkAAAAMAAJ&q=Nell+Ruth+Hardy |publisher=Gale Research Co. |isbn=978-0-7876-5109-1 |editor-last=Riggs |editor-first=Thomas |via=Google Books}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Room |first=Adrian |date=January 10, 2014 |title=Dictionary of Pseudonyms: 13,000 Assumed Names and Their Origins |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSIhzKnNUf4C&q=Nell+Ruth+Hardy&pg=PA96 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-5763-2 |edition=5th |via=Google Books}}</ref> ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1948 go fitlha kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2003) e ne e le modiragatsi le seopedi sa lefatshe la Amerika. Carter o ne a simolola tiro ya gagwe ka ngwaga wa 1970, a opela mo bobogelong, mme moragonyana a simolola go bereka mo setshwantshong sa motshikinyego. O ne a itsege thata ka seabe sa gagwe sa go nna Nell Harper mo polelong ya metlae ''ya [[:en:Gimme_a_Break!|Gimme a Break!]]'' [[:en:Gimme_a_Break!|,]] e e neng ya gasiwa go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1981 go ya go kwa ngwageng wa 1987. Carter o amogetse ditlhopo tse pedi tsa dikabelo tsa [[:en:Emmy_Awards|Emmy]] le tse digwe tse pedi tsa [[:en:Golden_Globe|Golden Globe]] ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe mo motseletseleng o. Pele ga ''Gimme a Breakǃ'' Carter o ne a gapa kabelo ya Tony e le modiragatsi yo duleng diatla ya Modiragatsi yo o Tlhagisiwang mo Mminong ka ngwaga wa 1978 ka ntlha ya tiragatso ya gagwe mo mminong wa [[:en:Broadway_theatre|Broadway]] wa [[:en:Ain't_Misbehavin'_(musical)|Ain't Misbehavin']] mmogo le kabelo ya Primetime [[:en:Emmy_Award|Emmy]] ka ntlha ya go boeletsa seabe sa gagwe mo setshwantshong sa motshikinyego ka ngwaga wa 1982. <ref>Holden, Stephen (January 24, 2003). [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/24/arts/nell-carter-is-dead-at-54-star-of-ain-t-misbehavin.html "Nell Carter Is Dead at 54; Star of 'Ain't Misbehavin'"]. ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved February 4, 2020.</ref> == Botshelo jwa bogologolo == Nell Ruth Hardy <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February 25, 2019 |title=Venus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5HwiAQAAMAAJ&q=Nell+Ruth+Hardy |journal=Venus Magazine |via=Google Books}}</ref> o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro, ka ngwaga wa 1948 kwa Birmingham, Alabama, <ref name="alabama">{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Claire M. |date=March 27, 2023 |title=Nell Carter |url=http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-2171 |website=[[Encyclopedia of Alabama]]}}</ref> e le mongwe wa bana ba le borobabongwe ba ba tshotsweng ke Edna Mae le Horace Hardy. O tsholetswe mo lelwapeng la Katoliki mme a godisediwa mo kerekeng ya Presbyterian . <ref name="jweekly">{{Cite news|url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/19245/-pop-soul-belter-nell-carter-54-devoted-convert-to-judaism-dies/|title='Pop-soul belter' Nell Carter, 54, devoted convert to Judaism, dies|last=Pfefferman|first=Naomi|date=January 31, 2003}}</ref> <ref name="diesat54">{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,76413,00.html|title=Actress Nell Carter Dies at 54|date=January 23, 2003}}</ref> Moragonyana Carter o ne a itlhalosa e le Mopentekosete <ref>{{Cite book |last=Ralph |first=Sheryl Lee |date=March 13, 2012 |title=Redefining Diva: Life Lessons from the Original Dreamgirl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nHky6CGQhgQC&q=pentecostal |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-4516-0842-7 |page=87}}</ref> le gore ke Mojuda. <ref name="jweekly" /> Fa a le dingwaga di le pedi, Hardy o ne a bona rraagwe a itewa ke motlakase fa a ne a gata mogala wa motlakase o o tshelang.<ref>McCann, Bob (2010). ''Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television''. McFarland. p.&#x20;74. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-786-43790-0|978-0-786-43790-0]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Crowther, Linnea (January 23, 2012). [http://www.legacy.com/ns/news-story.aspx?t=the-highs-and-lows-of-nell-carter&id=690 "The Highs and Lows of Nell Carter"]. ''legacy.com''. Retrieved December 12, 2012.</ref> Fa a sa ntse a le ngwana, o ne a simolola go opela mo thulaganyong ya radio ya [[:en:Gospel_music|efangele]] ya lefelo leo mme gape e ne e le leloko la khwaere ya kereke. Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano, o ne a simolola go diragatsa kwa matlong a kofi a lefelo leo, mme moragonyana a tsenela setlhopa sa moopelo sa Renaissance se se neng se tshameka kwa matlong a kofi le kwa [[:en:Gay_bar|dibara tsa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang]].<ref>[https://alafricanamerican.com/nell-carter/ "Nell Carter - The Book and Beyond]". November 1, 2018. Retrieved May 26, 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le malatsi a matlhano ka ngwaga wa 1965 fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro, Hardy o ne a betelelwa ke monna mongwe yo a neng a mo itse a mo supile ka tlhobolo. O ne a ima ka ntlha ya petelelo mme a tshola morwadie e bong Tracey ngwaga o o latelang. E re ka a ne a fitlhela go le thata go godisa ngwana a le esi, o ne a romela ngwana wa gagwe go ya go nna le mogolowe e bong Willie. Moragonyana o ne a bolela gore Tracey e ne e le setlhagiswa sa lenyalo le lekhutshwane, mme o ne a senola boammaaruri mo potsolotsong ya ngwaga wa 1994.<ref name=":3">Gold, Todd (February 28, 1994). "[http://people.com/archive/oh-the-troubles-shes-seen-vol-41-no-8/ Oh, the Troubles She's Seen"]. ''[[:en:People_(magazine)|People]]''. Retrieved May 7, 2017.</ref><ref>Vallance, Tom (February 7, 2003). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nell-carter-36241.html "Nell Carter, Actress of startling contradictions".] ''[[:en:The_Independent|The Independent]]''. London. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nell-carter-36241.html Archived] from the original on June 18, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.</ref> == Mokgwa wa go itshetsa le tswelelopele == === Tiro ya Broadway === Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe, Hardy o ne a fetola sefane sa gagwe go nna Carter mme a tswa kwa Birmingham, Alabama, a fudugela kwa New York City le Setlhopha sa moopelo sa Renaissance, kwa a neng a opela gone mo mabetleleng a kofi, mo madirelong a maitiso a bosigo le mo matlong a go tlhapa pele ga a nna le seabe sa gagwe sa ntlha kwa Broadway ka ngwaga wa 1971.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7r0DAAAAMBAJ&q=nell+carter+birmingham&pg=PA48 "Stage, Television Star Nell Carter Dies at 54"]. ''Jet''. '''103''' (7): 49. February 10, 2003. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-5996 0021-5996].</ref> Carter o ne a simolola go tlhagelela kwa Broadway ka 1971 mo terameng ya mmino ya rock e e bidiwang ''[[:en:Soon_(musical)|Soon]]'', e e neng ya tswalwa morago ga ditaragtso di le tharo fela.<ref>[https://playbill.com/production/soon-ritz-theatre-vault-0000010070 "Soon"]. ''Playbill''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> O ne a nna mokaedi wa mmino mo tlhagisong ya ngwaga wa 1974 ya ''What Time of Night It Is'' ''( tshenolo ya Ke Nako Efe Ya Bosigo.)'' , e e neng e dirwa ke [[:en:Westbeth_Playwrights_Feminist_Collective|Westbeth Playwrights Feminist Collective]]. Carter o ne a tlhagelela le [[:en:Bette_Davis|Bette Davis]] mo mminong wa serala ya ngwaga wa 1974 e e bidiwang ''Miss Moffat'', e e neng e theilwe mo motshamekong wa Davis wa pele o o bidiwang [[:en:The_Corn_Is_Green_(1945_film)|''The Corn Is Green'']] mme le fa go ntse jalo, tlhagiso e e ne ya tswalwa pele e fitlha kwa Broadway.<ref>"[https://ovrtur.com/public/production/2881215 Miss Moffat (Closed on the road, 1974) | Ovrtur]". ovrtur.com. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> Carter o ne a nna naledi ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe mo mminong wa [[:en:Ain't_Misbehavin'_(Broadway_show)|''Ain't Misbehavin'']], o a neng a o gapa [[:en:Tony_Award|Sekgele sa Tony]] ka ngwaga wa 1978.<ref>Jr, Robert Mcg Thomas (June 5, 1978). ""[https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/05/archives/new-jersey-pages-aint-misbehavin-and-da-win-tonys-three-special.html Ain't Misbehavin]"". ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> Moragonyana o ne a gapa Emmy ka ntlha ya seabe se se tshwanang mo tiragalong ya thelebišene ka 1982.<ref>Haylock, Zoe (June 10, 2018). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/black-tony-awards-acting-winner-1098725/ "Tonys: A Look Back at Black Actors Who Have Won".] ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1978, Carter o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka Effie White mo mminong wa thutokatiso wa Broadway wa ''Lenaneo #9'' (e moragonyana e neng ya bidiwa [[:en:Dreamgirls_(musical)|''Dreamgirls'']]) mme o ne a tlogela tlhagiso ka nako ya tlhabololo go tsaya karolo ya setshwantso sa motshikinyego mo [[:en:Ryan's_Hope|Ryan's Hope]].<ref>Shaw, Helen (April 13, 2023). "[https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/04/24/regretfully-so-the-birds-are-theatre-review-white-girl-in-danger Soap Operas as Guiding Light]". ''The New Yorker''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X 0028-792X]. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> Metshameko e megwe ya ga Carter ya Broadway e akaretsa [[:en:Dude_(musical)|''Dude'']] le tlhagiso ya ngwaga wa masome a mabedi wa [[:en:Annie_(musical)|''Annie'']], e mo go yone a neng a tshameka karolo ya ga Mohumagatsana Hannigan.<ref name=":1">Jones, Kenneth (January 23, 2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090126061512/http://playbill.com/news/article/77475.html "Nell Carter, Ain't Misbehavin' Star, Dead at 54".] ''[[:en:Playbill|Playbill]]''. Archived from [https://www.playbill.com/article/nell-carter-aint-misbehavin-star-dead-at-54-com-111157 the original] on January 26, 2009.</ref><ref name=":2">Viagas, Robert; Lefkowitz, David (January 5, 1998). [https://playbill.com/article/sally-struthers-takes-over-as-miss-hannigan-in-annie-tour-jan-5-com-72717 "Sally Struthers Takes Over as Miss Hannigan in Annie Tour Jan. 5"]. Playbill. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> === Metshameko le setshwantso sa motshikinyego === [[Setshwantsho:Blues is a woman Reitz.jpg|center|thumb|Carter (moleng o o kwa tlase o ntse fa fatshe, kwa mojeng thata) ka ngwaga wa 1980]]Ka ngwaga wa 1979, Carter o ne a nna le seabe mo phetolelong ya mmino e e neng e kaelwa ke [[:en:Miloš_Forman|Miloš Forman]] ya [[:en:Hair_(film)|''Hair'']] mme lentswe la gagwe le utlwiwa mo pineng ya setshwantso sa metshameko.<ref>Hischak, Thomas S. (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=XbBz3C4Gr0EC&q=nell%20carter%20hair%20soundtrack&pg=PA871 ''The Oxford Companion to the American Musical''.] Oxford University Press. p.&#x20;871. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533533-0|<bdi>978-0-19-533533-0</bdi>.]]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1981, o ne a tsaya karolo mo motseletseleng wa sesupaditshwantso wa [[:en:Action_fiction|metlae ya NBC]] ya [[:en:The_Misadventures_of_Sheriff_Lobo|''Ditiragalo tse di sa Siamang tsa ga Sheriff Lobo'']]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tbYDAAAAMBAJ&q=Nell+Carter&pg=PA54 "Nell Carter Joins 'Lobo' Series, And Ratings Go Up"]. ''Jet''. '''60''' (10): 54. May 21, 1981. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-5996 0021-5996]. Retrieved May 7, 2017.</ref> pele ga a nna le seabe sa go etelela pele sa ga Nell Harper mo metlaeng ya metlae ya Gimme a Break!. === Gimme a Break! ( thanolo ke Mphe Boikhutso!)̩ === Carter o ne a itsege thata mo bareetsing ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe sa go etelela pele mo motseletseleng wa setshwantsho sa motshikimyego wa NBC ''Gimme a Break!,'' o mo go one a neng a tshameka karolo ya motlhokomedi wa ntlo ya mookamedi wa mapodise yo o neng a le motlholagadi ([[:en:Dolph_Sweet|Dolph Sweet]]) le barwadie ba bararo. Pontsho e ne ya dira gore Carter a tlhophiwe go bona Sekgele sa [[:en:Golden_Globe|Golden Globe]] le sa [[:en:Emmy_Award|Emmy]]. Palo yotlhe ya dikarolo di le lekgolo le masome a mararo le bosupa tsa ''Gimme a Break!'' ( thanolo ke ''Mphe Boikhutso!)'' di ne tsa tlhagisiwa mo dipakeng di le thataro, di gasiwa go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1981 go ya ko gwageng wa 1987. Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 1987 morago ga go phimolwa ga ''Gimme a Break!,'' Carter o ne a boela kwa potologong ya marekisetso go itiisa a bosigo ka loeto lwa bosetšhaba lwa dikgwedi di le tlhano le motshameki wa metlae [[:en:Joan_Rivers|Joan Rivers]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=lLEDAAAAMBAJ&q=Nell+Carter+gimme+a+break&pg=PA29 "Nell Carter Returns To Nightclubs After TV Show"]. ''Jet''. '''72''' (21): 29. August 17, 1987. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-5996 0021-5996]. Retrieved May 7, 2017.</ref> === Ditiro tse dingwe tsa setshwantsho sa motshikinyego le setshwantsho se se tshamekiwang === Ka ngwaga wa 1989, Carter o ne a tshameka karolo ya mothusi wa mong wa lohalahala lwa meletlo mo tekong ya ntlha ya [[:en:Television_pilot|lenaneo la]] [[:en:Television_pilot|setshwantsho sa motshikinyego]] sa NBC le le bidiwang ''Morton's by the Bay'', le le neng la se ka la atlega. Le ne la bontshiwa gangwe fela jaaka lenaneo le le kgethegileng ka Motsheganong wa ngwaga oo. Ka kgwedi ya Phalane, o ne a opela “[[:en:The_Star-Spangled_Banner|The Star-Spangled Banner]]” pele ga motshameko wa bone wa [[:en:1989_World_Series|1989 World Series]] kwa San Francisco.<ref>"[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-04-13-vw-24-story.html Baseball Season: Rite of Spring on Our Field of Dreams".] [[:en:Los_Angeles_Times|''Los Angeles Times''.]] April 13, 1992. Retrieved February 4, 2020.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1990, Carter o ne a nna moanelwa yo mogolo mo metlaeng ya CBS e e bidiwang [[:en:You_Take_the_Kids|''You Take the Kids'']]. Lenaneo leo, le le neng le tsewa e le karabo ya batho bantsho mo lenaneong la [[:en:Roseanne_(TV_series)|''Roseanne'']] ka ntlha ya tsela e le neng le bontsha lelapa la batho bantsho ba maemo a badiri ka yone, le ne le bontsha Carter e le mmè le mosadi yo o buang ka tlhamalalo e bile a sa itshokele dilo tse di sa siamang.<ref>Tucker, Ken (December 14, 1990). [https://web.archive.org/web/20151118114702/http://www.ew.com/article/1990/12/14/you-take-kids "You Take The Kids".] [[:en:Entertainment_Weekly|''Entertainment Weekly''.]] Archived from [http://ew.com/article/1990/12/14/you-take-kids/ the original] on November 18, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2017.</ref> ''You Take the Kids'' e ne ya nna le palo e e kwa tlase ya batho ba ba lebeletseng lenaneo leo mme ya amogela ditshwaelo tse di seng monate mme e ne ya tsamaya fela go tloga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 1990 go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 1991. Mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa 1990, Carter o ne a tlhagelela mo setshwatsong se se tshamekiwang tse di dirilweng ka madi a mannye, mo mananeong a a kgethegileng a setshwantsho sa motshikinyego le mo mananeong a dipotso le metshameko, go akaretsa [[:en:Match_Game#1990%E2%80%9391,_ABC|''Match Game '90'']] le [[:en:To_Tell_the_Truth|''To Tell the Truth.'']] O ne a tshameka mmogo le batshameki ba bangwe mo [[:en:Hangin'_with_Mr._Cooper|Hangin' with Mr. Cooper]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1993 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1995.<ref name=":4">[[imdbname:0141846|Nell Carter]] at [[:en:IMDb_(identifier)|IMDb]]</ref> Mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo1990, Carter o ne a tlhagelela kwa Broadway mo tlhagisong e ntšhafaditsweng ya [[:en:Annie_(musical)|Annie]], a tshameka karolo ya Miss Hannigan. O ne a hutsafala fa dipapatso tse di neng di rotloetsa tlhagiso eo di ne di dirisa motshameki wa mosadi wa lekgoa, [[:en:Marcia_Lewis|Marcia Lewis]], e le Miss Hannigan. Batlhagisi ba ne ba re dipapatso tseo tse di ne di dirilwe ka nako ya tlhagiso ya pele di ne di tla ja madi a mantsi go di dira sesha. Le fa go ntse jalo, Carter o ne a dumela gore kgethololo ya lotso e ne e na le seabe mo tshwetsong eo. O ne a bolelela [[:en:New_York_Post|New York Post]]: “Gongwe ga ba batle bareetsi ba itse gore Nell Carter ke motho montsho. ... Go nkutlwisa botlhoko thata. Ke ba kopile sentle gore ba emise seo, ka gonne se a nkgoba jaaka mosadi yo montsho.”<ref name=":1" /><ref>[http://www.playbill.com/article/nell-carter-speaks-out-on-annie-commercials-com-70455 "Nell Carter Speaks Out on Annie Commercials"]. ''Playbill''. May 22, 1997. Retrieved May 7, 2017.</ref> Morago Carter o ne a emisetswa ke [[:en:Sally_Struthers|Sally Struthers]].<ref name=":2" /> Carter o ne a tlhagelela gape e le mokgweetsi wa sepalamo sa setshaba se se tsamayang magareng ga mafelo, yo o buang thata, mo setshwantsong sa motshameko sa bogare jwa dingwaga tsa bo1990 se se bidiwang ''Follow Your Heart''. Setshwantso sa motshameko se ga sa ka sa gololwa go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref>IMDb. "[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0157655/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_8_nm_0_in_0_q_follow%2520your%2520hea Follow Your Heart"]. [[:en:IMDb|IMDb]]. Retrieved October 1, 2025.</ref> === Dingwaga tsa bofelo === Ka ngwaga wa 2001, Carter o ne a tlhagelela e le moeng yo o kgethegileng mo karolong ya ntlha ya [[:en:Reba_(TV_series)|Reba]], mme a tswelela a tlhagelela mo lenaneong leo, a tlhagelela gararo mo setlheng sa ntlha. Mo ngwageng o o latelang, Carter o ne a tlhagelela gabedi mo [[:en:Ally_McBeal|Ally McBeal]] le gangwe e le moeng mo [[:en:Blue's_Clues|Blue's Clues]].<ref name=":4" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2002, o ne a ikatisa pele ga tlhagiso ya [[:en:Raisin_(musical)|Raisin]], e leng motshameko wa mmino o o dirilweng go tswa mo [[:en:A_Raisin_in_the_Sun|A Raisin in the Sun,]] kwa lefelong la Long Beach, kwa California. O ne a tlhagelela mo setshwantsong sa motshameko sa ngwaga wa 2003 se se bidiwang [[:en:Swing_(2003_film)|Swing]]. Lekgetlo la gagwe la bofelo a tlhagelela mo sefatlhegong sa ditshwantso e ne e le mo setshwantsong sa motshameko sa metlae ''Back by Midnight'', e e golotsweng ka ngwaga wa 2005, dingwaga tse pedi morago ga loso lwa gagwe.<ref name=":4" /> Tiro ya gagwe ya bofelo ya go gatisiwa e ne e le pina e a neng a e opela mmogo le Jay Levy, e e neng e tlhagisiwa ke Jay Levy mme ya tsenngwa mo sekgobokanying sa dipina sa Warner/Rhino sa ngwaga wa 1998 e e bidiwang ''To Life!: Songs of Chanukah and Other Jewish Celebrations''.<ref>[https://www.allmusic.com/album/to-life%21-songs-of-chanukah-and-other-jewish-celebrations-mw0000043504 "To Life!: Songs of Chanukah and Other Jewish C... &#x7C; AllMusic".] ''[[:en:AllMusic|AllMusic]]''.</ref> == Leso == Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2003, a le dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le bone, Carter o ne a wa mme a tlhokafala kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa Beverly Hills.<ref>Dartis, Michelle (March 6, 2015). "[https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/carter-hardy-nell-1948-2003/ Nell Hardy Carter (1948-2003)"]. ''BlackPast''.</ref><ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2003/SHOWBIZ/TV/01/23/nell.carter.obit/ "Actress-singer Nell Carter dies".] ''CNN''. January 23, 2003.</ref> Morwagwe Joshua o ne a bona mmele wa gagwe bosigo joo.<ref name="jweekly" /><ref>Holden, Stephen (January 23, 2003). [http://m.sfgate.com/news/article/Sitcom-star-collapses-at-home-dies-at-54-2638262.php "Sitcom star collapses at home, dies at 54 – Gimme a Break!, Ain't Misbehavin – brought her fame".] [[:en:San_Francisco_Chronicle|San Francisco Chronicle]]. Retrieved May 7, 2017.</ref> Go ya ka thulaganyo e e mo thatong ya gagwe ya ga Carter, ga go a ka ga dirwa tlhatlhobo ya setopo. Ka go dirisa diteko tsa madi, setshwantsho sa marapo le tlhatlhobo ya mmele e e bonako, ofisi ya coroner ya Los Angeles County e ne ya atlhola gore loso lwa ga Carter e ka tswa e le ditlamorago tsa "bolwetse jwa pelo jo bo ka nnang teng jwa go koafala ga ditshika, mme bolwetse jwa sukiri e ne e le jone jo bo neng bo dira gore a nne le bolwetse jono."<ref>Boehm, Mike (March 5, 2003). "[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-mar-05-et-quick5.1-story.html Ruling In Nell Carter's Death]". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 7, 2017.</ref> Mokapelo wa ga Carter Ann Kaser o ne a rua dithoto tsa gagwe le tlhokomelo ya barwa ba gagwe ba babedi.<ref name="jweekly" /><ref>"[https://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/Actress-Nell-Carter-Died-Naturally-10490461.php Actress Nell Carter Died Naturally"]. [[:en:Seattle_Post-Intelligencer|''Seattle Post-Intelligencer''.]] May 5, 2003. Retrieved July 5, 2023.</ref>Carter o fitlhilwe kwa [[:en:Hillside_Memorial_Park_Cemetery|Mabitleng a]] [[:en:Hillside_Memorial_Park_Cemetery|lefelo la Segopotso la Hillside]] kwa Los Angeles.<ref>Wilson, Scott; Mank, Gregory William (2016). ''Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons'' (3rd&#x20;ed.). McFarland. p.&#x20;122. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-476-62599-7|&#x20;<bdi>978-1-476-62599-7</bdi>]].</ref><ref>Roman, James (March 1, 2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rwZ_BwAAQBAJ&q=Nell+carter+hillside+memorial+park&pg=PA218 Chronicles of Old Los Angeles: Exploring the Devilish History of the City of the Angels]''. Museyon. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-9408-4200-4|978-1-9408-4200-4]]</bdi> &#x2013; via Google Books.</ref><ref>Fleming, E. J. (September 18, 2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vTWSCgAAQBAJ&q=Nell+carter+hillside+memorial+park&pg=PA307 Hollywood Death and Scandal Sites: Seventeen Driving Tours with Directions and the Full Story]'' (2d&#x20;ed.). McFarland. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-1850-0|978-1-4766-1850-0]]</bdi> &#x2013; via Google Books.</ref> === Botshelo jwa gagwe === Carter o ne a leka go ipolaya mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo1980, mme mo e ka nnang ka ngwaga wa 1985 o ne a tsena kwa lefelong la kalafi la go tlogela diritibatsi, go fedisa bokgoba jwa gagwe jwa nako e telele jwa seritibatsi sa khokaeine. Kgaitsadie e bong Bernard o ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1989 ka ntlha ya mathata a a neng a bakilwe ke AIDS.<ref name=":3" /> O ne a nyalana le George Krynicki, yo e neng e le moitseanape wa dipalo le motsamaisi wa kgwebo ya dikgong, mme a fetogela mo bodumeding jwa Sejuta ka ngwaga wa 1982.<ref name="jweekly" /><ref name="diesat54" /> O ne a kopa tlhalo mo go Krynicki ka ngwaga wa 1989 mme tlhalo ya bone ya felelediwa ka ngwaga wa 1992. Carter o ne a na le bana ba le bararo: morwadie e bong Tracey le barwaagwe e bong Joshua le Daniel. O ne a tsaya Joshua le Daniel ka molao e sa ntse e le masea mo nakong ya dikgwedi di le nne. O ne a leka gape go tsaya bana ba bangwe ba le babedi ka molao, mme maiteko ao ka bobedi a se ka a atlega. Mo tekong ya gagwe ya ntlha, o ne a letla mosadi yo mosha yo o neng a imile go nna kwa ga gagwe ka maikaelelo a go tsaya ngwana wa gagwe ka molao, mme mmaagwe ngwana a tsaya tshwetso ya go nna le ngwana. Carter gape o ne a senyegelwa ke mpa gararo.<ref name=":3" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1992, Carter o ne a ariwa go baakanya ditshika tse pedi tsa madi tse di neng di rurugile mo mmeleng. O ne a nyalana le Roger Larocque ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa 1992, mme a mo tlhala mo ngwageng o o latelang.<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=g7kDAAAAMBAJ&q=Nell+Carter+George+Krynicki&pg=PA34 Nell Carter's Wedding"]. ''Jet''. '''82''' (9): 34. June 22, 1992 &#x2013; via Google Books.</ref> Carter o ne a itsise gore o ne a se na madi a a lekaneng go duela dikoloto ka gwaga wa 1995, mme ga nna jalo gape ka ngwaga wa 2002.<ref name=":3" /> == Ditiro tsa gagwe mo seraleng == * [[:en:Soon_(musical)|''Soon'']] (1971), Broadway * [[:en:Iphigenia|''The Wedding of Iphigenia'']] (1971), off-Broadway * [[:en:Dude_(musical)|''Dude'']] (1972), Broadway * [[:en:The_Corn_Is_Green|''Miss Moffat'']] (1974), closed on the road * Be Kind to People Week (1975), off-Broadway * Tom Eyen's Dirtiest Musical (1975), off-Broadway * [[:en:Don't_Bother_Me,_I_Can't_Cope|''Don't Bother Me, I Can't Cope'']] (1976), San Francisco * [[:en:Ain't_Misbehavin'_(musical)|''Ain't Misbehavin''']] (1978), Manhattan Theatre Club, Broadway and U.S. national tour * [[:en:Dreamgirls|''One Night Only'']] (1979), workshop * Black Broadway (1979), [[:en:David_Geffen_Hall|''Avery Fisher Hall'']] * Black Broadway (1980), The Town Hall * [[:en:Ain't_Misbehavin'_(musical)|''Ain't Misbehavin''']] (1988), Broadway * [[:en:Hello,_Dolly!_(musical)|''Hello, Dolly!'']] (1991), Long Beach Civic Light Opera * [[:en:Annie_(musical)|''Annie'']] (1997), Broadway and U.S. national tour * [[:en:South_Pacific_(musical)|''South Pacific'']] (2001), [[:en:Pittsburgh_Civic_Light_Opera|''Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera'']] * [[:en:The_Vagina_Monologues|''The Vagina Monologues'']] (2001), [[:en:Madison_Square_Garden|''Madison Square Garden'']] == Lenaneo la ditshwantso tsa metshameko tse a tlhageletseng mo go tsone == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Setlhogo !Karolo !Dintlha |- !1979 !''Hair (Moriri)'' !Moopedi wa lefelo la boitapoloso la Central ! |- !1981 !''Back roads'' (''Ditsela tsa kwa Morago'') !Motlhokomedi wa dijo ! |- !1981 !''Modern problems'' (''Mathata a Segompieno)'' !Dorita ! |- !1982 !''Tex'' !Mme Peter ! |- !1992 !''Bebe's Kids (Bana ba ga Bebe)'' !Vivian !Lentswe |- !1995 !''The Crazysitter (Motlhokomedi wa setseno)'' !Motlhokomedi ! |- !1995 !''The Grass Harp (Molotswana wa Harepa)'' !Catherine Creek ! |- !1995 !''The Misery Brothers (Bakaulengwe ba matlhotlhapelo)'' !Seopedi sa Kgotlatshekelo ! |- !1996 !''The Proprietor (Mong)'' !Millie Jackson ! |- |1997 |''Fakin'da Funk'' |Claire | |- |1999 |''Follow your heart (Sela Pelo ya gago morago)'' |Mokgweetsi wa koloi ya setshaba | |- |1999 |''Special Delivery (Thomelo e e kgethegileng)'' | | |- |2001 |''Perfect Fit (Go lekana sentle)'' |Mme Gordy | |- |2003 |''Swing'' |Grace |e ne ya gololwa morago ga loso lwa gagwe |- |2005 |''Back by Midnight'' |Motlhokomedi wa dijo |seabe sa bofelo sa setshwantso sa motshameko ; e golotswe morago ga loso lwa gagwe |} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] h3pwem6vfzfutvayu3d1j1g3inoy78d 0 15078 54985 54950 2026-09-17T11:09:58Z Dades2318 12518 /* Metswedi */ 54985 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:A window at the White House in Washington, D.C.jpg|thumb|letlhaba-phefo]] Letlhaba phefo ke selo sa botlhokwa mo botshelong jwa batho le mo dintlong tsa bone. Le dirisediwa go tsenya lesedi le phefo mo teng ga ntlo. matlo a le mantsi a na le matlhaba-phefo mo diphaposing tse di farologaneng gore batho ba kgone go bona lesedi le tlhago le go hema mowa o o phepa.<ref>https://theccd.org/article/the-role-of-windows-in-health-and-wellbeing/</ref> Matlhaba-phefo a tla ka mefuta e e farologaneng. A mangwe a dirilwe ka galase, fa a mangwe a nale diforeimi<ref>https://www.ecotechwindows.ca/2025/01/13/what-are-the-different-types-of-windows-for-your-home/</ref> tsa tshipi kgotsa polasitiki. Go botlhokwa gore matlhaba-phefo a nne phepa gore lesedi le kgone go tsena sentle mo ntlong. Gape letlhaba-phefo le dira gore ntlo e nne ntle. Le fa go ntse jalo, le tshwanetse go tlhokomelwa sentle ka gonne galase e ka thubega kgotsa letlhaba-phefo le ka senyega. Fa re le phepafatsa le go le baakanya ka nako, le ka re direla sebaka se seleele.<ref>https://www.ecotechwindows.ca/2025/06/18/diy-window-maintenance-tips-to-extend-lifespan/</ref> Ka jalo, letlhaba-phefo le botlhokwa thata mo di ntlong tsa rone. Lere naya lesedi, phefo le bontle, mme re tshwanetse go le tlhokomela ka metlha.[https://thesyntaxofthings.org/the-function-and-importance-of-windows-in-buildings/ The Function And Importance Of Windows In Buildings – Online Library] == Metswedi == djvna63hnlie34tex70hyb9rsjcfjqu 0 15079 54954 2026-09-16T13:15:30Z Tayo ricci 12499 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371938875|Hate crime]]" 54954 wikitext text/x-wiki Mo molaong wa bosenyi, '''bosenyi jo bo tlhotlheletswang ke letlhoo''' ke tlolamola e e tlwaelegileng ( jaaka go tlhasela kgotsa polao ) e e nang le ntlha e e okeditsweng ya go tsaya letlhakore kgatlhanong le mongongoregi ( motho kgotsa setlhopha sa batho ) ka ntlha ya tshobotsi ya mongwe kgotsa go akanngwa gore ke leloko la setlhopha se se rileng sa loago . <ref name="Skoczylis-Andrews">{{Cite journal |last=Skoczylis |first=Joshua |last2=Andrews |first2=Sam |date=January 2022 |title=Strain theory, resilience, and far-right extremism: The impact of gender, life experiences, and the internet |journal=Critical Studies on Terrorism |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |volume=15 |issue=1: ''Critical Approaches to Extreme Right Wing Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism'' |pages=143–168 |doi=10.1080/17539153.2022.2031137 |issn=1753-9161 |s2cid=246832210 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hate crime {{!}} The Crown Prosecution Service |url=https://www.cps.gov.uk/crime-info/hate-crime |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=www.cps.gov.uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schweppe |first=Jennifer |date=2021-01-01 |editor-last=Tong |editor-first=Kar-wai |title=What is a hate crime? |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311886.2021.1902643 |journal=Cogent Social Sciences |volume=7 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311886.2021.1902643 |hdl=10344/9960 |hdl-access=free |article-number=1902643}}</ref> Dikao tsa ditlhopha tse di jalo di ka akaretsa, mme di batla di lekanyeditswe fela go setso / morafe, bogole, puo, bosetšhaba, tebego ya mmele, dikakanyo tsa sepolotiki, go nna leloko la sepolotiki, dingwaga, bodumedi, bong, boitshupo jwa bong, kgotsa tshekamelo ya bong . <ref name="Skoczylis-Andrews" /> <ref name="williams">{{Cite web |last=Stotzer |first=R. |date=June 2007 |title=Comparison of Hate Crime Rates Across Protected and Unprotected Groups |url=http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Stotzer-Comparison-Hate-Crime-June-2007.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019114443/http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Stotzer-Comparison-Hate-Crime-June-2007.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2013 |access-date=17 March 2012 |website=[[Williams Institute]]}} "A hate crime or bias motivated crime occurs when the perpetrator of the crime intentionally selects the victim because of their membership in a certain group."</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Methodology |url=https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/hate-crime/2013/resource-pages/methodology/methodology_final |website=FBI}}</ref> Bosenyi jwa letlhoo bo tshwanetse go farologanngwa go '''tirisodikgoka ya letlhoo''', kgotsa ditiragalo tsa letlhoo, tse ele gore di ka tswa di sa bonwe jaaka bosenyi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gavrielides |first=Theo |date=2012-12-01 |title=Contextualizing Restorative Justice for Hate Crime |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0886260512447575 |journal=Journal of Interpersonal Violence |language=EN |volume=27 |issue=18 |pages=3624–3643 |doi=10.1177/0886260512447575 |issn=0886-2605 |pmid=22645026 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ditiragalo tse di ka amana le go tlhasela mo mmeleng, polao, tshenyo ya dithoto, go kgerisiwa, go tshwenngw, bosenyi jwa molekane, kgotsa go kwalwa mo dipopegong tse di kgopisang kgotsa makwalo ( poso ya letlhoo ) . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Office {{!}} Hate crime |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/crime-victims/reducing-crime/hate-crime/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126153146/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/crime-victims/reducing-crime/hate-crime/ |archive-date=26 November 2005}}</ref> Ditiro tse e seng tsa bosenyi tse di rotloediwang ke mabaka a gantsi di bidiwa " ditiragalo tsa go tsaya letlhakore " . <ref>{{Cite web |title=What’s the Difference between a Hate or Bias Crime and a Bias Incident? |url=https://www.doj.state.or.us/oregon-department-of-justice/civil-rights/bias-and-hate/whats-the-difference-between-a-hate-or-bias-crime-and-a-bias-incident/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=Oregon Department of Justice |language=en-US}}</ref> * Lereo le le dirisitswe ke Baemedi ba Amerika Barbara Kennelly, John Conyers, le Mario Biaggi ka 1985 ka " Molao wa Dipalopalo tsa Bosenyi jwa Letlhoo " . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Jacobs |first=James B |year=2000 |title=Hate crimes: Criminal law and identity politics |last2=Potter |first2=Kimblerly |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |pages=4 |language=en}}</ref> * Babegadikgang le balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba dirisitse ditlhamo tse di tshwanang pelenyana; Lekgotla la go Lwantsha go Senya Leina (ADL) le ne la simolola go dirisa "bosenyi jwa letlhoo" ka thulaganyo mo e ka nnang ka nako e le nngwe mo tirong ya bone ya go buelela. * Lereo leno le ne la itsege thata morago ga tiragalo ya 1986 kwa Howard Beach, kwa New York, koo monna mongwe wa Montsho a neng a bolawa gone mo tlhaselong e e neng e tlhotlhelediwa ke lotso. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Jenness |year=1997 |title=Hate Crimes: New Social Movements and the Politics of Violence |last2=Broad |publisher=Routledge |edition=1st |location=New York}}</ref> m9uab4l1nlxcf40atq60dt9qssuccgt 0 15080 54960 2026-09-16T14:05:18Z JudithShe 9421 Ke simolotse thanolo ya tsebe ya ga Kwame Nkrumah #BLT2026 54960 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwame Nkrumah''' (o o tshotsweng ka leina la '''Francis Nwia Kofi Ngonloma'''; ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le borobabongwe a tlhokafala ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bobedi) e ne e le mopolotiki wa kwa [[Ghana]]. O berekile e le tonakgolo wa [[Gold Coast]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bobedi go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bosupa, fa lefatshe leo le tsaya boipuso go tswa mo go la [[United Kingdom]].<ref>o'Hara, Glen (11 April 2012), "President Kennedy, Prime Minister Macmillan and the Gold Market, 1960–63", ''Governing Post-War Britain'', Palgrave Macmillan, pp.&nbsp;53–72, [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=springerlink&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1057%2F9780230361270_4 10.1057/9780230361270_4], [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-230-36127-0|&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-230-36127-0</bdi>]]</ref> E ne e le tonakgolo wa ntlha wa nako eo, le tautona wa lefatshe la Ghana go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bosupa go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borataro. E ne e le mmueledi wa [[Aferika|Aforika]] o o kopaneng, Nkrumah e ne e le leloko le le tlhamileng lekgotla la Organisation of African Unity (OAU) le mofenyi wa seetsele sa Lenin Peace go tswa kwa [[Soviet Union]] ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a marataro le bobedi.<ref>Rathbone, Richard (23 September 2004). "Nkrumah, Kwame (1909?–1972), president of Ghana". ''[[:en:Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]''. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online&nbsp;ed.). Oxford University Press [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-31504 10.1093/ref:odnb/31504.]</ref> Morago ga dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi a le kwa mafatsheng a sele a dira dithuto tse dikgolwane, a tlhabolola kitso ya gagwe ya sepolotiki, gape a rulaganya le ba bangwe ba ba eletsang Aforika o o kopaneng, Nkrumah o ne a boela kwa Gold Coast go simolola tiro ya gagwe ya sepolotiki e le mmueledi wa boipuso jwa lefatshe leo.<ref>Hsü, Leonard Shihlien (5 November 2013), "[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781315018775-12/political-progress-leonard-shihlien-hs%C3%BC Political Progress]", ''The Political Philosophy of Confucianism'', Routledge, pp.&nbsp;258–273, [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315018775/political-philosophy-confucianism-leonard-shihlien-hs%C3%BC 10.4324/9781315018775], [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-315-01877-5|&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-315-01877-5</bdi>]]</ref> O ne a tlhama phathi ya Convention People's Party, e e neng ya atlega ka lobelo lo lo kwa godimo ka e ne e kgatlhisa leitlho la motlhophi.<ref>''Proceedings of the convention at which the American federation of arts was formed''. B. S. Adams. 1909. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/proceedingso00amer 10.5479/sil.380651.39088006011662.]</ref> O ne a nna tonakgolo ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bobedi, a tswelela ka go nna mo maemong ao fa a etelela Ghana pele go bona boipuso go tswa mo United Kingdom ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bosupa, e le lone lantlha mo Aforika o o mo borwa jwa sekaka sa Sahara ka nako eo. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro, batho ba Ghana ba ne ba amogela ba bo ba tlhomamisa molaomotheo o moha ba tlhopha Nkruma e le tautona wa bone.<ref>"Prime Minister 1957–60", ''Kwame Nkrumah. Vision and Tragedy'', Sub-Saharan Publishers, 15 November 2007, pp.&nbsp;192–214, [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctvk3gm60.17 10.2307/j.ctvk3gm60.17], [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-9988-647-81-0|978-9988-647-81-0]]</bdi></ref> == Metswedi == hvd9ygr5m1z8rwmou5qdkn5dkfeiv7c 0 15081 54961 2026-09-16T14:18:03Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Ke tsentse tsebe 54961 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Memry Savanhu''' ke motshameki wa filimi le motlhami wa difilimi wa kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. <ref> "[https://m.guardian.ng/guardian-woman/memry-savanhu-from-zimbabwe-with-love/ Memry Savanhu: From Zimbabwe with love"]. The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 2016-11-19. Retrieved 2022-08-03.</ref>O ne a simolola go tshameka mo filiming ya Distance Between (2008),<ref> [https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2012/05/distance-between.html "Distance Between"]. Nollywood REinvented. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</ref>mme a tshameka mo go One Fine Day,<ref> [https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2016/05/one-fine-day.html "One Fine Day"]. Nollywood REinvented. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</ref> On Bended Knees<ref> [https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2013/08/on-bended-knees.html "On Bended Knees"]. Nollywood REinvented. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</ref> le '76. Ke mothei wa Memkay Productions, e leng setlamo se se dirang difilimi.<ref> Kachingwe, Kelvin (August 17, 2014). [http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/zambian-author-writes-zim-movie/ "Zambian author writes Zim movie"]. Zambia Daily Mail. Retrieved November 19, 2020.</ref> <ref> [https://www.zimbabweonlinenews.com/local-film-premieres-in-uk/ "Local Film Premieres in UK".] Zimbabwe Online News. August 22, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2020</ref> <ref>Mamazita! (January 20, 2011). [https://www.naijarules.com/threads/five-upcoming-actresses-to-look-out-for-in-2011.39345/ "Five upcoming actresses to look out for in 2011]!". Naija Rules!. Retrieved November 19, 2020.</ref> == Botshelo le dithutego == Mo potsolotsong le Guardian Newspaper ya Nigeria Savanhu o boletse gore o belegetswe kwa Zimbabwe mme a senola gore ke wa morafe wa Zezuru. O ne a ithuta drama kwa London le kwa [[New York Film Academy]] kwa [[Abu Dhabi]], [[UAE]] o ne a ithuta go dira difilimi.<ref> [https://m.guardian.ng/guardian-woman/memry-savanhu-from-zimbabwe-with-love/ "Memry Savanhu: From Zimbabwe with love"]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian_(Nigeria) The Guardian]. Lagos, Nigeria. November 19, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2020</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe== Savanhu o ne a dira filimi ya gagwe ya ntlha e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke [[Izu Ojukwu]] e e bidiwang, Distance Between, ka 2008 e e neng e na le [[Rita Dominic]], [[Mercy Johnson]], [[Kalu Ikeagwu]] le [[Yemi Blaq]]. Gareng ga tse dingwe tse a di tlhamileng ke One Fine Day, Cougars Reloaded, Catwalq le On Bended Knees. O ne a tlhagisiwa jaaka "Eunice" mo terameng ya ntwa ya hisetori ya 2016 ya ga Izu Ojukwu, '76.<ref>Okoroafor, Cynthia (November 12, 2016). [http://venturesafrica.com/its-a-very-exciting-time-for-nollywood-says-chioma-ude-afriff-founder-as-the-festival-embraces-the-world-this-year/ ""IT'S A VERY EXCITING TIME FOR NOLLYWOOD", SAYS CHIOMA UDE, AFRIFF FOUNDER, AS THE FILM FESTIVAL "EMBRACES THE WORLD" THIS YEAR"]. Ventures Africa. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</ref> Gape go ne go na le: Rita Dominic, [[Ramsey Nouah]], [[Chidi Mokeme]], [[Ibinabo Fiberesima]] le Daniel K. Daniele. Filimi e ne ya bontshiwa la ntlha kwa Nigeria ka di 3 Ngwanatsele, 2016.<ref>Augoye, Jayne (October 24, 2016). "[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/213469-nollywood-flick-76-gets-laurel.html Nollywood flick, 76, gets more laurel"]. Premium Times. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</ref><ref> Izuzu, Chibumga (September 11, 2016). "[https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/memry-savanhu-war-drama-76-reveals-an-adept-actress-you-should-know/zxdwems.amp War drama "76" reveals an adept actress you should know"]. Pulse Nigeria. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</ref> Ka 2014, o ne a tlhophiwa mo setlhopheng sa "Best Actor UK Female" sa Zulu African Academy Awards (ZAFAA), e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa [[London]], UK ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe mo filiming, Maria's Vision. <ref>[http://www.zafaa.org/details/53 "ZAFAA Global Awards 2014 Nominees announced"]. Zafaa.org. Retrieved November 19, 2020</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2015, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mofenyi wa Zimbabwe International Women's Awards (ZIWA) e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa [[Birmingham]], UK ka kgwedi ya Phalane ya ngwaga oo jaaka go begilwe ke The Herald of Zimbabwe. [[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang]] == Metswedi == iyjq5p8pys939n8nnjzg4khireaston 54976 54961 2026-09-17T03:49:44Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54976 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Memry Savanhu''' ke motshameki wa filimi le motlhami wa difilimi wa kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. <ref> "[https://m.guardian.ng/guardian-woman/memry-savanhu-from-zimbabwe-with-love/ Memry Savanhu: From Zimbabwe with love"]. The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 2016-11-19. Retrieved 2022-08-03.</ref>O ne a simolola go tshameka mo filiming ya Distance Between (2008),<ref> [https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2012/05/distance-between.html "Distance Between"]. Nollywood REinvented. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</ref>mme a tshameka mo go One Fine Day,<ref> [https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2016/05/one-fine-day.html "One Fine Day"]. Nollywood REinvented. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</ref> On Bended Knees<ref> [https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2013/08/on-bended-knees.html "On Bended Knees"]. Nollywood REinvented. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</ref> le '76. Ke mothei wa Memkay Productions, e leng setlamo se se dirang difilimi.<ref> Kachingwe, Kelvin (August 17, 2014). [http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/zambian-author-writes-zim-movie/ "Zambian author writes Zim movie"]. Zambia Daily Mail. Retrieved November 19, 2020.</ref> <ref> [https://www.zimbabweonlinenews.com/local-film-premieres-in-uk/ "Local Film Premieres in UK".] Zimbabwe Online News. August 22, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2020</ref> <ref>Mamazita! (January 20, 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20211008175541/https://www.naijarules.com/threads/five-upcoming-actresses-to-look-out-for-in-2011.39345/ "Five upcoming actresses to look out for in 2011]!". Naija Rules!. Retrieved November 19, 2020.</ref> == Botshelo le dithutego == Mo potsolotsong le Guardian Newspaper ya Nigeria Savanhu o boletse gore o belegetswe kwa Zimbabwe mme a senola gore ke wa morafe wa Zezuru. O ne a ithuta drama kwa London le kwa [[New York Film Academy]] kwa [[Abu Dhabi]], [[UAE]] o ne a ithuta go dira difilimi.<ref> [https://m.guardian.ng/guardian-woman/memry-savanhu-from-zimbabwe-with-love/ "Memry Savanhu: From Zimbabwe with love"]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian_(Nigeria) The Guardian]. Lagos, Nigeria. November 19, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2020</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe== Savanhu o ne a dira filimi ya gagwe ya ntlha e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke [[Izu Ojukwu]] e e bidiwang, Distance Between, ka 2008 e e neng e na le [[Rita Dominic]], [[Mercy Johnson]], [[Kalu Ikeagwu]] le [[Yemi Blaq]]. Gareng ga tse dingwe tse a di tlhamileng ke One Fine Day, Cougars Reloaded, Catwalq le On Bended Knees. O ne a tlhagisiwa jaaka "Eunice" mo terameng ya ntwa ya hisetori ya 2016 ya ga Izu Ojukwu, '76.<ref>Okoroafor, Cynthia (November 12, 2016). [http://venturesafrica.com/its-a-very-exciting-time-for-nollywood-says-chioma-ude-afriff-founder-as-the-festival-embraces-the-world-this-year/ ""IT'S A VERY EXCITING TIME FOR NOLLYWOOD", SAYS CHIOMA UDE, AFRIFF FOUNDER, AS THE FILM FESTIVAL "EMBRACES THE WORLD" THIS YEAR"]. Ventures Africa. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</ref> Gape go ne go na le: Rita Dominic, [[Ramsey Nouah]], [[Chidi Mokeme]], [[Ibinabo Fiberesima]] le Daniel K. Daniele. Filimi e ne ya bontshiwa la ntlha kwa Nigeria ka di 3 Ngwanatsele, 2016.<ref>Augoye, Jayne (October 24, 2016). "[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/213469-nollywood-flick-76-gets-laurel.html Nollywood flick, 76, gets more laurel"]. Premium Times. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</ref><ref>Izuzu, Chibumga (September 11, 2016). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20211008175542/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/memry-savanhu-war-drama-76-reveals-an-adept-actress-you-should-know/zxdwems.amp War drama "76" reveals an adept actress you should know"]. Pulse Nigeria. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</ref> Ka 2014, o ne a tlhophiwa mo setlhopheng sa "Best Actor UK Female" sa Zulu African Academy Awards (ZAFAA), e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa [[London]], UK ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe mo filiming, Maria's Vision. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211008175540/http://www.zafaa.org/details/53 "ZAFAA Global Awards 2014 Nominees announced"]. Zafaa.org. Retrieved November 19, 2020</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2015, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mofenyi wa Zimbabwe International Women's Awards (ZIWA) e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa [[Birmingham]], UK ka kgwedi ya Phalane ya ngwaga oo jaaka go begilwe ke The Herald of Zimbabwe. [[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang]] == Metswedi == k8visedr2yi9vblbrkszli370yc8dpd 0 15082 54962 2026-09-16T14:39:41Z JudithShe 9421 Ke simolotse thanolo ya tsebe ya ga Nawal El Saadawi #BLT2026 54962 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nawal El Saadawi''' '''('''o o tshotsweng ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mararo le motso a tlhokafala ka Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le motso) e ne e le mokwadi wa kwa Egypt wa ditshwanelo tsa basadi, ngaka le ngaka ya maikutlo. O kwadile dibuka di le dintsi ka basadi ba tumelo ya Islam, a itebagantse le dikgang tse di amang basadi ba borwa jwa lefatshe, di akaretsa tsa tlhakanelo dikobo, go etelelwa pele ke borre, maemo mo setshabeng, le bokolone.<ref>Amireh, Amal (2000). [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/495572 "Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World".] ''Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society''. '''26''' (1): 215–249. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/495572 10.1086/495572]. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0097-9740 0097-9740]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/34736adedb985c28d93a955bee39008b700cf12f 143010343.]</ref> E ne e le motlhami gape e le tautona wa lekgotla la basadi ba ma Arabea la Arab Women's Soliditary Association.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/ "Nawal El Saadawi".] ''Women Inspiring Change''. 2 March 2015. Archived from [https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/ the original] on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2026</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> O ne gape e le motlhami wa lekgotla la ditshwanelo tsa setho la Arabea (Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O atswilwe ka dietsele tsa dithutego go tswa kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane tsa ithutelo ditiro go tswa mo dikgaolong tsa lefatshe di le tharo. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, o ne a atswiwa ka seetsele sa North-South ke khansele ya Yuropa. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano, o ne a atswiwa ka seetsele sa Inana International Prize go tswa kwa Belgium.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY&google_abuse=GOOGLE_ABUSE_EXEMPTION%3DID%3D250b9f392d474170:TM%3D1789569364:C%3D%3E:IP%3D196.2.2.252-:S%3DwA3FIiUYXMhSA1gaScMXew%3B+path%3D/%3B+domain%3Dgoogle.com%3B+expires%3DWed,+16-Sep-2026+17:36:04+GMT "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi",] YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi, lekgotla la International Peace Bureau le ne la mo atswa ka seetsele sa Sean MacBride Peace Prize.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni "International Peace Bureau".] ''www.ipb.org''. Archived from [https://ipb.org/webinar-100-seconds-to-midnight-how-to-handle-the-nuclear-threat/?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB%20to%20award%202012%20Sean%20MacBride%20Peace%20Prize%20to%20Nawal%20El-Sadaawi%20and%20Lina%20Ben%20Mhenni the original] on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2026</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == E le ngwana wa bobedi mo go ba robabongwe, Saadawi o tshotswe ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mararo le motso kwa motsaneng o mmotlana wa Kafr Tahla kwa Egepeto.<ref>Smith, Sarah A (22 March 2021). "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary Nawal El Saadawi obituary".] [[:en:The_Guardian|''The Guardian''.]]</ref><ref>Elkhatib, Sameh. [https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ "Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89".] ''Reuters''. Retrieved 16 September 2026</ref> Saadawi o itemogetse go kgaolwa ga serwe sa bosadi<ref>Khaleeli, Homa (15 April 2010). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist "Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist".] ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 16 September 2026</ref> fa a le dingwaga di le thataro,<ref name=":1">Sa'dawi, Nawal; Saadawi, Nawal El; Saʻdāwī, Nawāl; Saʿdāwī, Nawāl as- (1999). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC&redir_esc=y ''A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi''.] [[:en:Zed_Books|Zed Books]]. pp.&nbsp;63–87. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-85649-680-3|&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-85649-680-3</bdi>.]]</ref> le ntswa rraagwe a ne a dumela gore basetsana le basimane ba tshwanetse go rutuntshiwa. O ne a tlhalosa mmaagwe le rraagwe e le batho ba ba neng ba gololesegile fa a gola.<ref name=":1" /> Rraagwe, o a neng a tswa kwa borwa jwa Egepeto e ne e le tona wa puso mo lephateng la thuto, o a neng a eme kgatlhanong le go gapiwa ga Egepeto ke lefatshe la Britain ka nako ya phetogo ya Egepeto ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le borobabongwe. Ka ntlha ya se, o ne a lelekelwa kwa motsaneng kwa makgobokgobong a Nile, puso e ne ya seka ya mo tlhatlosa maemo dingwaga di le lesome. == Metswedi == 7ehi6er8odbnn1wu0f87vbcihqbo5g8 0 15083 54963 2026-09-16T17:28:13Z Chotlho 12488 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375099231|Jude Bellingham]]" 54963 wikitext text/x-wiki Bellingham o ne a tsenela Birmingham City FC a le ka fa tlase ga Di ngwaga di le 8, o ne a nna motshameki monnye go gaisa botlhe Mo setlhopheng sa ntlha sa tlelapo fa a ne a mothusa mogolwane wa gagwe ka Phatwe 2019 a le dingwaga di le 16, mme o ne a tshameka ka metlha mo setlheng sa 2019–20 . O ne a saena le Borussia Dortmund ka Phukwi 2020, mme Mo motshamekong WA gagwe WA ntlha I ne a nna motshameki yo monye go gaisa you on tsentseng Maduro Mo setlhopheng. Mo dipakeng tse tharo le tlelapo o ne a tshameka metshameko e le 132 mme a fenya 2020–21 DFB-Pokal ; ditiro tsa gagwe mo setlheng sa 2022–23 di thusitse Dortmund go fetsa e le maemo a bobedi mme tsa dira gore a nne le sekgele sa Motshameki wa Setlha sa Bundesliga . Moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, o ne a fenya Mosimane wa Gauta wa Yuropa le Sejana sa Kopa . 9dunzrnulypjh8sxtcoat9ihmn7rusc 54964 54963 2026-09-16T17:29:43Z Quinlan83 8576 + 54964 wikitext text/x-wiki Bellingham o ne a tsenela Birmingham City FC a le ka fa tlase ga Di ngwaga di le 8, o ne a nna motshameki monnye go gaisa botlhe Mo setlhopheng sa ntlha sa tlelapo fa a ne a mothusa mogolwane wa gagwe ka Phatwe 2019 a le dingwaga di le 16, mme o ne a tshameka ka metlha mo setlheng sa 2019–20 . O ne a saena le Borussia Dortmund ka Phukwi 2020, mme Mo motshamekong WA gagwe WA ntlha I ne a nna motshameki yo monye go gaisa you on tsentseng Maduro Mo setlhopheng. Mo dipakeng tse tharo le tlelapo o ne a tshameka metshameko e le 132 mme a fenya 2020–21 DFB-Pokal ; ditiro tsa gagwe mo setlheng sa 2022–23 di thusitse Dortmund go fetsa e le maemo a bobedi mme tsa dira gore a nne le sekgele sa Motshameki wa Setlha sa Bundesliga . Moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, o ne a fenya Mosimane wa Gauta wa Yuropa le Sejana sa Kopa . bo132goecuac33ijjq1wubt0uvz2mgr 0 15084 54969 2026-09-16T18:59:47Z Reagoleboga 10854 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374810570|Culture of South Africa]]" 54969 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zoulous_(Shakaland).jpg|thumb|270x270px|Zulus kwa Natal]] Aforika Borwa e itsege ka go farologana ga ditso le ditso tsa yone. Mo e ka nnang Maaforika Borwa otlhe a bua Seesimane go ya bokgakaleng jo bo rileng, go tlaleletsa mo puong ya bone ya gae, Seesimane se dira jaaka puo e e dirisiwang mo kgwebong, thuto le puso. Aforika Borwa e na le dipuo di le lesome le bobedi tsa semmuso, mme dipuo tse dingwe tsa selegae di buiwa ke ditlhopha tse di potlana, segolobogolo dipuo tsa SeKhoisan. Maloko a setlhopha sa batho ba maemo a a fa gare, ba bontsi jwa bone e leng basweu le BIndia mme ba akaretsa palo e e golang ya ditlhopha tse dingwe, ba na le mekgwa ya go tshela e e tshwanang le ya batho ba ba fitlhelwang kwa Yuropa Bophirima, Amerika Bokone, Australia le New Zealand. Puso ya tlhaolele e ne ya kgaoganya batho ba Afrika Borwa ka semolao go nna setlhopha se le sengwe sa ditlhopha di le nnè tsa lotso, e tlhomamisa gore ba ka nna kae, mme ya gatelela gore go nne le tlhaolele mo thutong, mo ditirong tsa boitshediso, mo ditirong tsa setšhaba le mo dikamanong tsa batho. Le fa melao e e ne ya fedisiwa mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo1990, ditlhopha tsa bomorafe tsa tlhaolele di santse di tseneletse thata mo setsong sa Aforika Borwa, ka Maaforika Borwa a tsweletse go ikgaoganya le go tlhaolana jaaka a le mongwe wa ditlhopha tse nne tsa bomorafe tse di tlhalositsweng, jaaka Bantsho, Basweu, Bammala le Maindia, go dira gore go nne thata go tlhalosa setso se le sengwe sa Aforika Borwa se se sa umakiweng mo ditlhopheng tseno tsa bomorafe. Tsweletso, tshomarelo le tlhabololo ya ngwao-boswa jwa bosetšhaba le setso mo Aforika Borwa ke karolo ya taolelo ya Khansele ya Ngwao-boswa ya Bosetšhaba, fa tshomarelo ya metswedi ya ngwao-boswa e le maikarabelo a Setheo sa Metswedi ya Ngwao-boswa sa Aforika Borwa. Ditheo tseno ka bobedi tsa puso ke karolo ya Lefapha la Metshameko, Botsweretshi le Setso. == Hisetori == [[File:San_Painting,_Ukalamba_Drakensberge_1.JPG|right|thumb|''Eland'', rock painting, Drakensberg, South Africa]] Ditso tse di phatlaletseng tsa batho ba BaKhoisan ba ba neng ba fudugela mo Aforika Borwa go tloga ka 10 000 BC ba ne ba na le mekgwa ya bone ya botaki e e farologaneng, e e bonalang gompieno mo ditshwantshong tse dintsi tsa magaga. Ba ne ba emisediwa ke batho ba Banthu le ba Nguni, ba ba neng ba itirela mafoko a bone a mefuta ya botaki. Mo lekgolong la bo20 la dingwaga, mefuta ya setso ya botaki ya merafe e ne ya phatlaladiwa mme ya kopanngwa gape ke dipholisi tse di kgaoganyang tsa tlhaolele. Ditso tse di phatlaletseng tsa batho ba BaKhoisan ba ba neng ba fudugela mo Aforika Borwa go tloga ka 10 000 BC ba ne ba na le mekgwa ya bone ya botaki e e farologaneng, e e bonalang gompieno mo ditshwantshong tse dintsi tsa magaga. Ba ne ba emisediwa ke batho ba Banthu le ba Nguni, ba ba neng ba itirela mafoko a bone a mefuta ya botaki. Mo lekgolong la bo20 la dingwaga, mefuta ya setso ya botaki ya merafe e ne ya phatlaladiwa mme ya kopanngwa gape ke dipholisi tse di kgaoganyang tsa tlhaolele. Go ne ga nna le mefuta e mesha ya botaki mo meepong le mo ditoropong: botaki jo bo maatla jo bo neng bo dirisa dilo tse di farologaneng go tloga ka dithapo tsa polasetiki go ya go dipekere tsa dibaesekele. Botaki jwa setso jo bo neng bo tlhotlhelediwa ke MaDutch jwa Afrikaner Trekboer le bataki ba basweu ba kwa ditoropong ba ba neng ba latela ditlwaelo tse di fetogang tsa Yuropa go tloga ka dingwaga tsa bo1850 go ya pele le bona ba nnile le seabe mo motswakong o o farologaneng, o o tswelelang go fetoga gompieno. Ke mofuta mongwe wa botaki o o neng wa nna gone ka nako ya puso ya tlhaolele. Mokgwa ono o mosha wa go tlhalosa dilo o ne wa bidiwa "botaki jwa kwa toropong" mme o ne wa tlwaelega thata ka bo1960 le bo1970. Mokgwa ono wa botaki o ne o supa ditiragalo tsa botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi jwa batho ba bantsho ba ba humanegileng mo Aforika Borwa. Dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa ditshwantsho mo mokgweng ono wa botaki ke matlo a a senyegileng, basadi ba ba tlhatswang diaparo, ba ba letsang dinoko le ditshwantsho tse dintsho tsa mmè le ngwana. [[File:Simphiwe_Ndzube_-_Oracles_of_the_Pink_Universe_-_2021.jpg|left|thumb|170x170px|''Oracles of the Pink Universe'' by Simphiwe Ndzube, 2021]] Afrika Borwa ya segompieno e na le botaki jo bo kgatlhang, mme bataki ba yone ba itsiwe lefatshe ka bophara. Pontsho ya bosheng jaana ya ditshwantsho tsa Aforika Borwa ya "Figures and Fictions" kwa Victoria and Albert Museum kwa Lontone e ne e akaretsa tiro ya ga Mikhael Subotzky, Zanele Muholi, David Goldblatt, Zwelethu Mthethwa le Guy Tillim. Bataki ba Afrika Borwa ba ga jaana ba tiro ya bone e ileng ya amogelwa ke boditšhabatšhaba ba akaretsa Marlene Dumas, William Kentridge, le John Smith. [[File:Old_Dutch_Reformed_Church,_Ladismith_1.JPG|thumb|Old Dutch church in Ladismith]] Tsela e Aforika Borwa e agilweng ka yone e bontsha gore naga eno e na le batho ba ditso tse di farologaneng le ba ditso tse di farologaneng le gore e ne e le naga ya bokoloniale. Mo godimo ga moo, tlhotlheletso ya dinaga tse dingwe tse di kgakala e ile ya dira gore go nne le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dikago tsa Aforika Borwa. Herbert Baker, mongwe wa batlhami ba dikago ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo nageng eo, o ne a dira dikago tsa Union Buildings kwa Pretoria. Dikago tse dingwe tse di tlhomologileng di akaretsa segopotso sa Rhodes le St George's Cathedral kwa Cape Town, le St John's College kwa Johannesburg. [[File:Castle_of_Good_Hope.jpg|left|thumb|Gateway to the [[Castle of Good Hope]], the oldest building in South Africa]] Moago wa Cape Dutch o ne o itsege thata mo metlheng ya pele (lekgolo la bo17) ya Cape Colony, mme leina le le tswa mo ntlheng ya gore banni ba ntlha ba Cape e ne e le Ma-Dutch. Mokgwa ono o simologile kwa Holland, Jeremane, Fora le Indonesia tsa metlha ya bogare. Matlo a a agilweng ka mokgwa ono a na le popego e e tlhomologileng, e e lemotshegang, mme selo se se tlhomologileng thata mo go one ke dikago tse dikgolo tse di nang le dipota tse di kgabisitsweng sentle, tse di tshwanang le tsa kwa Amsterdam tse di agilweng ka mokgwa wa SeDutch. Mafelo a metseselegae ya Aforika Borwa a tletse ka dikago tsa setso tsa Aforika tse di nang le tlhotlheletso ya Yuropa. == Baesekopo == Le fa go dirilwe difilimi di le dintsi tsa kwa dinageng di sele ka ga Aforika Borwa (gantsi di bua thata ka dikamano tsa bomorafe), ke difilimi di le mmalwa fela tsa selegae tse di itsegeng kwa ntle ga Aforika Borwa. Go ne ga dirwa se se sa tlwaelegang ka 1980 mo baesekopong ya The Gods Must Be Crazy, e e neng e diragetse kwa Kalahari. Seno se bua ka tsela e botshelo jwa setso sa Ba-San (BaBushmen) bo fetogang ka teng fa lebotlolo la Coke, le le latlhilweng go tswa mo sefofaneng, ka tshoganetso le wela mo loaping. Jamie Uys yo o tlhokafetseng, yo o kwadileng le go tsamaisa The Gods Must Be Crazy, le ene o ne a atlega kwa moseja ka bo1970 ka difilimi tsa gagwe tsa Funny People le Funny People II, tse di neng di tshwana le thelebishene ya kwa Amerika ya Candid Camera. O tshwanetse wa bo o a tshega! Difilimi tsa mofuta o o tshwanang di ratwa thata ke batho ba Aforika Borwa. Filimi ya ga Schuster e e atlegileng thata mo lefatsheng ka bophara ke Mr Bones, eo gape e neng e le filimi e e neng e dira sentle thata mo nageng ka nako ya go gololwa ga yone, e e neng ya dira madi a a fetang dimilione di le 35 tsa diranta. Seno se ne sa fetwa ke sequel, Mr. Bones 2: Back from the Past. Filimi e e neng ya buiwa thata ka Afrika Borwa mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana e ne e le District 9. E tsamaisitswe ke Neill Blomkamp, wa moagi wa Aforika Borwa, mme e dirilwe ke Peter Jackson, filimi e e buang ka ditiragalo tsa motshameko le tsa saense e tlhalosa setlhopha sa batshabi ba batswakwa ba ba neng ba patelediwa go nna mo mafelong a a humanegileng a Johannesburg mo go se ba le bantsi ba neng ba se tsaya e le setshwantsho se se bontshang tlhaolele. Filimi e ne e atlegile mo lefatsheng ka bophara, mme e ne ya tlhophiwa go nna Filimi e e Molemo go gaisa kwa 82nd Academy Awards. Filimi e nngwe e e itsegeng e e dirilweng mo Aforika Borwa ke Chappie. Tse dingwe tse di tlhomologileng ke Tsotsi, e e gapileng sekgele sa Academy Award ya Filimi ya Puo ya Dinaga di Sele kwa 78th Academy Awards ka 2006 mmogo le UCarmen eKhayelitsha, e e gapileng Sekgele sa Golden Bear kwa 2005 Berlin International Film Festival. == Dibuka == [[File:Olive_Schreiner.jpg|left|thumb|Olive Schreiner, the author of ''The Story of an African Farm'' (1883)]] Go na le dipuo di le 12 tsa semmuso mo Aforika Borwa. Hisitori e e tlhomologileng ya loago le ya sepolotiki ya Aforika Borwa e dirile gore go nne le dibuka tse dintsi tse di buang ka botshelo jwa pele ga bokoloniale, motlha wa tlhaolele le matshelo a batho ba "Aforika Borwa e ntšha". Bontsi jwa bakwadi ba ntlha ba bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ba ba gatisang ba ne ba rutilwe ke barongwa, mme bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba kwala ka Seesemane kgotsa ka Seaforikanse. Nngwe ya dibuka tsa ntlha tse di itsegeng thata tse di kwadilweng ke mokwadi wa montsho ka puo ya Seaforika e ne e le Mhudi ya ga Solomon Thekiso Plaatje, e e kwadilweng ka 1930. Bakwadi ba ba itsegeng ba basweu ba ba buang Seesimane ba Aforika Borwa ba akaretsa Nadine Gordimer, yo e neng e le, ka mafoko a ga Seamus Heaney, mongwe wa "diganka tsa kakanyo", mme yo o neng a nna Moaforika Borwa wa ntlha le mosadi wa bosupa go abelwa Sekgele sa Nobel sa Dikwalo ka 1991. Buka ya gagwe, July's People, e ne ya phasaladiwa ka 1981 mme e tlhalosa go phutlhama ga puso ya basweu ba ba kwa tlase. Athol Fugard, yo metshameko ya gagwe e neng e tshamekiwa gangwe le gape kwa mafelong a bobogelo a Aforika Borwa, London (The Royal Court Theatre), le kwa New York City. Buka ya ga Olive Schreiner ya The Story of an African Farm (1883) e ne e le tshenolo mo dibukeng tsa Ba-Victoria; batho ba le bantsi ba akanya gore e ne ya tsenya bosadi mo dibukeng tsa dibuka. Alan Paton o ne a gatisa buka ya gagwe e e tumileng ya Cry, the Beloved Country ka 1948. O ne a bua ka kgang ya moruti mongwe wa montsho yo o neng a tla kwa Johannesburg go tla go batla morwawe, e e neng ya nna buka e e rekwang thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Ka dingwaga tsa bo1950, makasine wa Drum o ne wa nna lefelo la go bua ka dikgang tsa sepolotiki, tsa ditlhamane le tsa ditlhamo, mme seno se ne sa dira gore setso sa batho ba bantsho ba mo ditoropong se kgone go buiwa. Bakwadi ba ba buang Seaforikanse le bone ba ne ba simolola go kwala dilo tse di bakang dikganetsano. Breyten Breytenbach o ne a tsenngwa mo kgolegelong ka ntlha ya go nna le seabe mo mokgatlhong wa batlhabanelatumelo kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele. Andre Brink e ne e le mokwadi wa ntlha wa Moafrika go thibelwa ke puso morago ga go gatisa padi ya A Dry White Season e e buang ka mosweu wa mo Aforika Borwa yo o lemogang boammaaruri ka tsala ya gagwe ya motho montsho yo o tlhokafetseng a tshwerwe ke mapodisi. John Maxwell (JM) Coetzee le ene o ne a gatisiwa la ntlha ka bo1970, mme a itsiwe lefatshe ka bophara ka 1983 ka buka ya gagwe ya Life & Times of Michael K. Buka ya gagwe ya Disgrace ya 1999 e ne ya mo tlisetsa Booker Prize ya gagwe ya bobedi mmogo le Commonwealth Writers' Prize ya 2000. Gape ke moamogedi wa Sekgele sa Nobel sa Dikwalo ka 2003. Mokwadi wa Moesemane e bong J. R. R. Tolkien, mokwadi wa The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings le The Silmarillion, o tsholetswe kwa Bloemfontein ka 1892. === Poko === Aforika Borwa e na le ngwao e e humileng ya poko ya molomo. Bakwadi ba le mmalwa ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ba Maaforika ba ne ba tlhagelela ka dingwaga tsa bo1970, jaaka Mongane Wally Serote, yo tiro ya gagwe e e itsegeng thata, No Baby Must Weep, e neng ya naya lesedi ka ga botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi jwa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ka fa tlase ga tlhaolele. Mokwadi mongwe yo o itsegeng wa dibuka tsa batho ba bantsho, e bong Zakes Mda, o ne a tlogela go kwala maboko le diterama mme a simolola go kwala dibuka ka yone nako eo. Buka ya gagwe, The Heart of Redness, e ne ya gapa Commonwealth Writers Prize ya 2001 mme ya tsenngwa mo kharikhulamong ya dikolo go ralala Aforika Borwa. == Mmino == [[Setshwantsho:Sontonga.jpg|thumb|[[Enoch Sontonga]]]] Go na le mefutafuta e mentsi ya mmino mo Afrika Borwa. Baopedi ba le bantsi ba bantsho ba ba neng ba opela ka Seaforikanse kana ka Seesemane ka nako ya tlhaolele fa e sa le ka nako eo ba simolotse go opela ka dipuo tsa setso tsa Seafrika mme ba dirile mekgwa e e sa tshwaneng le epe e e itsegeng e le ya Kwaito le Amapiano. Brenda Fassie ke mongwe wa bone, yo o neng a simolola go tuma ka pina ya gagwe ya "Weekend Special", e e neng e opelwa ka Seesemane. Baopedi ba ba tumileng ba setso ba akaretsa Ladysmith Black Mambazo, fa Soweto String Quartet e tshameka mmino wa setso o o nang le tatso ya Seaforika. Mekgwa ya mmino ya kwa Yuropa e ne ya tlhotlheletsa baopedi ba basweu le ba mmala ba Aforika Borwa. Aforika Borwa e tlhagisitse diopedi tsa mmino wa jazz tse di tumileng lefatshe ka bophara, segolo thata Hugh Masekela, Jonas Gwangwa, Abdullah Ibrahim, Miriam Makeba, Jonathan Butler, Chris McGregor, le Sathima Bea Benjamin. Mmino wa Seaforikanse o akaretsa mefuta e mentsi, jaaka wa ga Steve Hofmeyr wa segompieno le setlhopha sa mmino wa punk rock sa Fokofpolisiekar. Badiragatsi ba ba tshwanang le Verity (yo o itsegeng boditšhabatšhaba ka go dira dilo tse dintšhwa mo madirelong a mmino) le Johnny Clegg le ditlhopha tsa gagwe tsa Juluka le Savuka ba fitlheletse katlego mo mafelong a a kwa tlase, mo bathong le kwa dinageng di sele. Don Clarke o kwadile "Sanbonani", e e neng e le pina ya selegae ya PJ Powers le Hotline, ka 1986, mmogo le bontsi jwa mmino wa difilimi tsa ga Leon Schuster, go akaretsa le "Till You're Free Again" ya filimi ya 2018 ya Frank and Fearless. Setlhopha sa mmino wa rap-rave sa Die Antwoord le sone se ile sa atlega mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Mmino wa kwa Aforika Borwa o akaretsa kwaito le amapiano, mefuta e e tlhageletseng mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo1980 le kwa bokhutlong jwa bo2010, mme fa e sale e nna mefuta e e tumileng ya ikonomi ya loago mo bathong. Le fa go ntse jalo, bangwe ba re go tloga ka nako ya tlhaolele, karolo ya sepolotiki ya kwaito e ne ya fokotsega, mme go kgatlhegela dipolotiki e ne ya nna karolo e potlana ya botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi. Ba bangwe ba re, ka tsela nngwe, kwaito ke mokgatlho wa dipolotiki o o bontshang go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking ka ditiro tsa one tse go bonalang di sa amane ka gope le dipolotiki. Gompieno, dikhampani tse dikgolo tse di jaaka Sony, BMG, le EMI di tsene mo mmarakeng wa Afrika Borwa go dira le go anamisa mmino wa kwaito. Ka ntlha ya go tuma ga yona le tlhotlheletso ya DJs, ba ba leng mo gare ga batho ba ba 5 ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso go gaisa mo nageng, kwaito e tsere radio, thelebišene le dimakasine. Mmino wa roko wa Aforika Borwa ke setso se se tumileng thata, segolobogolo kwa kgaolong ya Johannesburg. The alternative rock and metal band Seether e ne ya tuma lefatshe ka bophara mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo 2000, ka alebamo ya bone e le tlhano e ne ya bona Gold kgotsa Platinum kwa United States. Di-rock band tse dingwe tse nne, KONGOS, Civil Twilight, Prime Circle, the Parlotones le tsona di atlegile kwa moseja mo dingwageng tsa bo 2000. Fa ditlhopha tsa mmino wa metal tse di jaaka Vulvodynia di fitlheletse katlego e e lekanyeditsweng mo dingwageng tsa bo2020. == Saense le thekenoloji == Go nnile le ditlhabololo di le mmalwa tse di botlhokwa tsa saense le thekenoloji tse di simolotseng mo Afrika Borwa. Motho wa ntlha go fetisediwa pelo mo mothong yo mongwe o ne a dirwa ke ngaka e e arang pelo e bong Christiaan Barnard kwa bookelong jwa Groote Schuur ka December 1967. Max Theiler o ne a tlhama moento kgatlhanong le Yellow Fever, Allan MacLeod Cormack o ne a simolola mokgwa wa go tsaya ditshwantsho ka khomputara ka marang a X-ray, mme Aaron Klug o ne a tlhama mekgwa ya go dirisa maekerosekoupo ya eleketeroniki ka khristale. Diphetogo tseno tsotlhe (ntle le tsa ga Barnard) di ne tsa amogelwa ka Sekgele sa Nobel. Bosheng jaana Sydney Brenner o ne a gapa sekgele seno ka 2002, ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go nna mmulatsela mo go tsa thutotshelo ya dimolekhule. Mark Shuttleworth o ne a tlhoma khampani ya pabalesego ya Internet ya bogologolo, ya Thawte, e moragonyana e neng ya rekwa ke Verisign e e leng moeteledipele wa lefatshe lotlhe. The Southern African Large Telescope e kwa Karoo. Ke thelesekoupo e kgolo go di gaisa tsotlhe e e bonwang ka matlho mo karolong ya lefatshe e e kwa borwa. Aforika Borwa ga jaana e aga Karoo Array Telescope jaaka motlhami wa tsela ya porojeke ya $20 billion Square Kilometre Array, e e tla agiwang mo Aforika Borwa le Australia. == Dijo == [[File:CuisineSouthAfrica.jpg|left|thumb|Mefuta e e farologaneng ya dijo tsa setso tsa Afrika Borwa]] Dijo tsa Aforika Borwa di na le nama e ntsi mme di dirile gore go nne le dikokoano tsa loago tse di itsegeng thata tsa Aforika Borwa tse di itsegeng jaaka braai. Mofuta o o farologaneng wa barbecue, braais gantsi e na le diboerewors kgotsa disoseje tse di nang le dinoko, le mielies (mmidi) kgotsa Mielie-meal, gantsi e le mmidi, kgotsa pearl millet, dijo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa. Dikuku tse di jaaka koeksisters le dijo tse di monate tse di jaaka melktert le tsone di ratiwa thata. [[File:Braai_Boerewors.JPG|right|thumb|Nama e e mo braai e e tlwaelegileng ya Afrika Borwa]] Dijo tsa Seindia tse di jaaka curry le tsone di ratiwa thata, segolobogolo kwa Durban e e nang le baagi ba le bantsi ba Baindia. Sejo se sengwe se se itsegeng thata sa Baindia ba kwa Durban ke "bunny", kana dijo tsa bunny, tse di dirilweng ka lofo ya borotho jo bosweu jo bo sephaphathi jo bo tsentsweng kheri. Ba-Portugal le bone ba ile ba nna le seabe, ka go rata nama ya koko e e monate ya peri-peri. Nando's, e leng ketane ya diresetšhurente tsa Sepotokisi tsa mo Aforika Borwa, jaanong e na le diresetšhurente kwa United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, Malaysia, Kenya le United Arab Emirates. === Mofine === Aforika Borwa e nnile montshakuno o mogolo wa mofeine, mme dingwe tsa masimo a mofeine a a gaisang a mo mekgatšheng e e dikologileng Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, Paarl le Barrydale. Mofine wa Aforika Borwa o na le hisitori e e simologileng ka 1659, mme ka nako nngwe Constantia e ne e tsewa e le nngwe ya beine e e di gaisang tsotlhe mo lefatsheng. Go fitlhelela mebaraka ya boditšhabatšhaba go dirile gore go nne le maatla a masha a mantsi le gore go nne le dipeeletso tse dintsi. Tlhahiso e shebane le Cape Town, ka masimo a maholo a merara le ditsi tsa tlhahiso Paarl, Stellenbosch le Worcester. Go na le maina a a ka nnang 60 mo tsamaisong ya Wine of Origin (WO), e e neng ya tsenngwa tirisong ka 1973, ka tatelano ya dikgaolo tsa ntshokuno tse di tlhophilweng, dikgaolo le diwate. Dibeine tsa WO di tshwanetse go dirwa ka 100% go tswa mo diterebeng tse di tswang mo lefelong le le tlhophilweng. Beine e e tswang mo tshimong e le nngwe ya mofine e tshwanetse go tswa mo lefelong le le tlhalositsweng la diheketara tse di kwa tlase ga di le tlhano. "Veine ya Setlhopha" e ka tswa mo dipolasing tse di bapileng, fa fela di le mo dipolasing tse di bapileng mme go dirwa beine mo lefelong leo. Lefelo ke lefelo le le nang le mofuta wa mmu le/kgotsa tlelaemete e e farologaneng, mme le batla le lekana le leina la kwa Yuropa. == Thuto == [[File:Herbert_Baker_clocktower,_Rhodes_University,_2004.jpg|thumb|The heart of the Rhodes University campus]] Baithuti ba na le dingwaga di le lesomepedi tsa sekolo, go tloga ka mophato wa 1 go ya go wa 12. Kereiti ya R ke ngwaga wa motheo wa pele ga sekolo. Dikolo tsa poraemari di akaretsa dingwaga tsa ntlha tse supa tsa sekolo. Thuto ya Sekolo se Segolo e tsaya dingwaga tse dingwe tse tlhano. Tlhatlhobo ya Senior Certificate e diragala kwa bokhutlong jwa kereiti ya 12 mme e a tlhokega mo dithutong tsa teritiary kwa yunibesithing ya Aforika Borwa. Diyunibesiti tsa setšhaba mo Aforika Borwa di kgaogantswe ka mefuta e le meraro: diyunibesiti tsa setso, tse di nayang dikirii ya yunibesiti e e theilweng mo thutong; diyunibesiti tsa thekenoloji (tse pele di neng di bidiwa "Technikons"), tse di nayang didipoloma le dikirii e e theilweng mo tirong ya diatla; le diyunibesiti tse di akaretsang, tse di nayang mefuta e mebedi ya borutegi. Ditheo tsa puso gantsi di tshwarwa ka Seesimane, le fa go ka nna le dithuto ka Seaforikanse. Gape go na le palo e kgolo ya ditheo tse dingwe tsa thuto mo Aforika Borwa - dingwe ke dikhamphase tsa selegae tsa diyunibesiti tsa kwa dinageng di sele, tse dingwe di tshwarela baithuti ba ba kwalang ditlhatlhobo tsa bone kwa Yunibesithing ya Aforika Borwa ya thuto ya sekgala, mme tse dingwe di naya didipoloma tse di sa amogelwang kgotsa tse di sa amogelwang. Ditshenyegelo tsa puso mo thutong e ne e le 6.1% ya GDP ya 2016. Ka fa tlase ga tlhaolele, dikolo tsa bantsho di ne di le ka fa tlase ga kgethololo ka ntlha ya madi a a sa lekaneng le thulaganyo e e farologaneng e e bidiwang Thuto ya Banthu e e neng e diretswe fela go ba fa bokgoni jo bo lekaneng go dira jaaka badiri. Go baakanya go sa lekalekane gono e ntse e le selo se se tsepameng mo pholising ya thuto ya bosheng; bona Thuto mo Aforika Borwa: Thulaganyo-sesha. === Go batla === Aforika Borwa le yona e nnile le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo mokgatlhong wa Basupatsela, ka ditlwaelo le meletlo e mentsi ya Basupatsela e tswa mo maitemogelong a ga Robert Baden-Powell (mothei wa Basupatsela) ka nako ya gagwe mo Aforika Borwa jaaka motlhankedi wa sesole ka dingwaga tsa bo 1890-1900. Scouts South Africa (e e neng e itsege ka nako eo jaaka Boy Scouts of South Africa) e ne e le nngwe ya mekgatlho ya ntlha ya baša go bula dikgoro tsa yone go baša le bagolo ba merafe yotlhe mo Afrika Borwa. Se se diragetse ka 2 Phukwi 1977 kwa khonferenseng e e itsegeng jaaka Quo Vadis. == Kago ya setšhaba == === Ditiro tsa bong === Aforika Borwa e ne ya tlhoma melao ya lenyalo la batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ka 2006, e e letlelelang batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang go nyalana le go ikopela bana. Le fa tsamaiso ya Molaotheo le ya semolao mo Aforika Borwa e tlhomamisa gore go nne le tekatekano, ka kakaretso ga e amogelwe ke setšhaba, segolobogolo kwa ntle ga ditoropo. Basadi ba basodoma ba ba tswang kwa ditoropong tse dipotlana (segolobogolo kwa ditoropong) gantsi ba itewa kana ba betelelwa. Seno se ne sa bewa, ka bontlhabongwe, go nna ka ntlha ya matshosetsi a ba neng ba a bona a go nna le taolo ya setso ya banna. Le fa bosupi jwa letlhoo bo ka tlhotlheletsa ditshwetso mo mabakeng a a rileng, Aforika Borwa ga e na molao o o rileng wa bosenyi jwa letlhoo; mekgatlho ya ditshwanelo tsa botho e tshwaetse mapodisi a Aforika Borwa ka go palelwa ke go rarabolola kgang ya bosenyi jo bo tlhotlhelediwang ke tlhaolele. Sekao, NGO ActionAid e ile ya kgala go tswelela ga go se otlhaiwe le go latofatsa mebuso ka go itlhokomolosa dipolao tsa basetsana ba basetsana mo ditlhaselong tsa bosodoma mo Aforika Borwa; mmogo le go bidiwa "go siamisa" petelelo, go akaretsa le dikgetse tsa baithuti, mo mabakeng a basotli ba banna ba ipolelang gore ba beteletse moswagadi yo o betelelwang ka maikaelelo a go mo "fodisa" ka mokgwa wa gagwe wa thobalano. == Metshameko == [[File:Springbok_parade.jpg|thumb|The ''Springboks'' in a bus parade after winning the 2007 Rugby World Cup]] [[File:South_African_Cricket_team_2008.jpg|right|thumb|The ''Proteas'' at the Oval in 2008]] Metshameko e e tumileng thata mo Aforika Borwa ke kgwele ya dinao, rugby le kerikete. Metshameko e mengwe e e nang le tshegetso e e botlhokwa ke ya hockey, go thuma, metshameko ya diatleletiki, kolofo, motshameko wa mabole, tenese, netball le softball. Le mororo kgwele ya dinao e na le balatedi ba le bantsi mo basheng, metshameko e mengwe e e jaaka baseketebolo, go palama makhubu, judo le go palama sekete e nna e ntse e ratwa thata. Batho ba ba tumileng ba metshameko ya go lwa ba akaretsa Baby Jake Jacob Matlala, Vuyani Bungu, Welcome Ncita, Dingaan Thobela, Corrie Sanders, Gerrie Coetzee, Brian Mitchell le Dricus du Plessis. Batshameki ba kgwele ya dinao ba ba tshamekileng mo ditlelapeng tse dikgolo tsa kwa ntle ba akaretsa Lucas Radebe le Philemon Masinga, (bao pele ba neng ba tshameka kwa Leeds United), Quinton Fortune (Atlético Madrid le Manchester United), Benni McCarthy (yo gape e leng mokatisi wa setlhopha sa ntlha kwa Manchester United) (Ajax Amsterdam, FC. Porto, Blackburn Rovers le West Ham United), Aaron Mokoena (Ajax Amsterdam, Blackburn Rovers le Portsmouth), Delron Buckley (Borussia Dortmund) le Steven Pienaar (Ajax Amsterdam le Everton). Aforika Borwa gape e tlhagisitse 1979 Formula One World Champion, Jody Scheckter, gammogo le morwawe, mofenyi wa kgaisano ya Indycar Series gabedi, Tomas Scheckter, yo o eteletseng pele go dikologa go le gontsi mo mabakeng a gagwe a ntlha a mabedi a Indianapolis 500 ka nako ya kgaisano ya 2002 le 2003. Mo MotoGP, bakgweetsi ba ba tumileng ba akaretsa Brad Binder le morwarraagwe yo mmotlana, Darryn Binder. Moatleletiki wa kwa Durban e bong Jordy Smith o ne a fenya kgaisano ya Billabong J-Bay ya 2010, e leng se se neng sa mo dira motshameki wa maemo a ntlha mo lefatsheng. Batshameki ba khirikete ba ba tumileng ba akaretsa Herschelle Gibbs, Graeme Smith, Dale Steyn, Jonty Rhodes, Jacques Kallis, JP Duminy, Quinton de Kock, Faf du Plessis, Keshav Maharaj, Kagiso Rabada, David Miller le AB de Villiers, jj. Bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba tshameka le mo metshamekong ya Indian Premier League. Aforika Borwa e tlhagisitse gape le batshameki ba le bantsi ba maemo a lefatshe ba rugby, go akaretsa Francois Pienaar, Joost van der Westhuizen, Danie Craven, Frik du Preez, Naas Botha, Bryan Habana, Siya Kolisi, Cheslin Kolbe, Duane Vermeulen, Eben Etzebeth le Makazole Mapimpi. Aforika Borwa e ne ya amogela le go fenya Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Rugby sa 1995 mme ya fenya Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Rugby sa 2007 kwa Fora mmogo le Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Rugby sa 2019 kwa Japane, le Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Rugby sa 2023, gape kwa Fora. E ne ya latela Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Rugby sa 1995 ka go tshwara Sejana sa Ditšhaba sa Aforika sa 1996, mme setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa naga se ne sa fenya kgaisano. E ne gape e tshotse Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Kgwele ya dinao sa 2003 le Sejana sa Lefatshe sa 2007 sa Twenty20, mme e ne e le naga e e tshotseng Sejana sa Lefatshe sa 2010 sa FIFA, lekgetlho la ntlha kgaisano e ne e tshwaretswe mo Afrika. Moporesidente wa FIFA Sepp Blatter o abetse Aforika Borwa maduo a 9 mo go a 10 ka ntlha ya go tshwara tiragalo eno ka katlego. Ka 2004, setlhopha sa go thuma sa ga Roland Schoeman, Lyndon Ferns, Darian Townsend, le Ryk Neethling se ne sa gapa sekgele sa gouta kwa Metshamekong ya Diolimpiki kwa Athena, ka nako e le nngwe se roba rekoto ya lefatshe mo kgaisanong ya go thuma ka go taboga. Penny Heyns o ne a gapa gouta ya Diolimpiki kwa Metshamekong ya Diolimpiki ya Atlanta ka 1996. Motshameki wa motshameko wa go thuma e bong Tatjana Smith (yo o bidiwang Schoenmaker) o ne a gapa dimetlele tsa gouta le tsa selefera kwa Metshamekong ya Diolimpiki le kwa Metshamekong ya Commonwealth. Mo go golfing, Gary Player ka kakaretso o tsewa jaaka mongwe wa batshameki ba bagolo go gaisa botlhe ba go tshameka kolofo, ka go fenya Career Grand Slam, mongwe wa batshameki ba batlhano ba go dira jalo. Badiragatsi ba bangwe ba Aforika Borwa ba ba fentseng dikgaisano tse dikgolo tsa kgwele ya dinao ba akaretsa Bobby Locke, Ernie Els, Retief Goosen, Trevor Immelman le Louis Oosthuizen. == Bona gape == == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Setso sa Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Setso]] rquwct2k7it2h7mno7gi7f13ndoa965 54970 54969 2026-09-16T19:46:59Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 54970 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zoulous_(Shakaland).jpg|thumb|270x270px|Zulus kwa Natal]] === '''Setso sa Aforika Borwa''' === Aforika Borwa e itsege ka go farologana ga ditso le ditso tsa yone. Mo e ka nnang Maaforika Borwa otlhe a bua Seesimane go ya bokgakaleng jo bo rileng, go tlaleletsa mo puong ya bone ya gae, Seesimane se dira jaaka puo e e dirisiwang mo kgwebong, thuto le puso. Aforika Borwa e na le dipuo di le lesome le bobedi tsa semmuso, mme dipuo tse dingwe tsa selegae di buiwa ke ditlhopha tse di potlana, segolobogolo dipuo tsa SeKhoisan.<ref>https://www.glamour.co.za/lifestyle/food-drink/homesick-these-restaurants-serve-traditional-south-african-food-that-tastes-like-home-a82123e2-9f29-4b37-b303-8a90bf1a4be2</ref> Maloko a setlhopha sa batho ba maemo a a fa gare, ba bontsi jwa bone e leng basweu le BIndia mme ba akaretsa palo e e golang ya ditlhopha tse dingwe, ba na le mekgwa ya go tshela e e tshwanang le ya batho ba ba fitlhelwang kwa Yuropa Bophirima, Amerika Bokone, Australia le New Zealand.<ref>https://news.mandela.ac.za/News/MPA-and-Mandela-University-announce-landmark-colla</ref> Puso ya tlhaolele e ne ya kgaoganya batho ba Aforika Borwa ka semolao go nna setlhopha se le sengwe sa ditlhopha di le nnè tsa lotso, e tlhomamisa gore ba ka nna kae, mme ya gatelela gore go nne le tlhaolele mo thutong, mo ditirong tsa boitshediso, mo ditirong tsa setšhaba le mo dikamanong tsa batho. Le fa melao e e ne ya fedisiwa mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo1990, ditlhopha tsa bomorafe tsa tlhaolele di santse di tseneletse thata mo setsong sa Aforika Borwa, ka Maaforika Borwa a tsweletse go ikgaoganya le go tlhaolana jaaka a le mongwe wa ditlhopha tse nne tsa bomorafe tse di tlhalositsweng, jaaka Bantsho, Basweu, Bammala le Maindia, go dira gore go nne thata go tlhalosa setso se le sengwe sa Aforika Borwa se se sa umakiweng mo ditlhopheng tseno tsa bomorafe.<ref>https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/how-the-all-blacks-are-using-south-african-culture-to-win-us-over-742662a</ref> Tsweletso, tshomarelo le tlhabololo ya ngwao-boswa jwa bosetšhaba le setso mo Aforika Borwa ke karolo ya taolelo ya Khansele ya Ngwao-boswa ya Bosetšhaba, fa tshomarelo ya metswedi ya ngwao-boswa e le maikarabelo a Setheo sa Metswedi ya Ngwao-boswa sa Aforika Borwa. Ditheo tseno ka bobedi tsa puso ke karolo ya Lefapha la Metshameko, Botsweretshi le Setso.<ref>https://freeyork.org/design/south-african-design-shines-maisonobjet/</ref> == Hisetori == [[File:San_Painting,_Ukalamba_Drakensberge_1.JPG|right|thumb|''Eland'', rock painting, Drakensberg, South Africa]] Ditso tse di phatlaletseng tsa batho ba BaKhoisan ba ba neng ba fudugela mo Aforika Borwa go tloga ka 10 000 BC ba ne ba na le mekgwa ya bone ya botaki e e farologaneng, e e bonalang gompieno mo ditshwantshong tse dintsi tsa magaga. Ba ne ba emisediwa ke batho ba Banthu le ba Nguni, ba ba neng ba itirela mafoko a bone a mefuta ya botaki. Mo lekgolong la bo20 la dingwaga, mefuta ya setso ya botaki ya merafe e ne ya phatlaladiwa mme ya kopanngwa gape ke dipholisi tse di kgaoganyang tsa tlhaolele.<ref>https://www.timeout.com/south-africa/things-to-do/the-best-cultural-events-in-south-africa-to-mark-on-your-calendar</ref> Ditso tse di phatlaletseng tsa batho ba BaKhoisan ba ba neng ba fudugela mo Aforika Borwa go tloga ka 10 000 BC ba ne ba na le mekgwa ya bone ya botaki e e farologaneng, e e bonalang gompieno mo ditshwantshong tse dintsi tsa magaga. Ba ne ba emisediwa ke batho ba Banthu le ba Nguni, ba ba neng ba itirela mafoko a bone a mefuta ya botaki. Mo lekgolong la bo20 la dingwaga, mefuta ya setso ya botaki ya merafe e ne ya phatlaladiwa mme ya kopanngwa gape ke dipholisi tse di kgaoganyang tsa tlhaolele.<ref>https://www.glamour.co.za/lifestyle/heritage-month-is-about-more-than-celebration-its-about-representation-in-every-classroom-f14aad56-f342-41a6-b2f4-739295129f7b</ref> Go ne ga nna le mefuta e mesha ya botaki mo meepong le mo ditoropong: botaki jo bo maatla jo bo neng bo dirisa dilo tse di farologaneng go tloga ka dithapo tsa polasetiki go ya go dipekere tsa dibaesekele. Botaki jwa setso jo bo neng bo tlhotlhelediwa ke MaDutch jwa Afrikaner Trekboer le bataki ba basweu ba kwa ditoropong ba ba neng ba latela ditlwaelo tse di fetogang tsa Yuropa go tloga ka dingwaga tsa bo1850 go ya pele le bona ba nnile le seabe mo motswakong o o farologaneng, o o tswelelang go fetoga gompieno.<ref>https://www.bona.co.za/fashion-and-beauty/thebe-magugu-and-woolworths-join-forces-for-heritage-day/</ref> Ke mofuta mongwe wa botaki o o neng wa nna gone ka nako ya puso ya tlhaolele. Mokgwa ono o mosha wa go tlhalosa dilo o ne wa bidiwa "botaki jwa kwa toropong" mme o ne wa tlwaelega thata ka bo1960 le bo1970. Mokgwa ono wa botaki o ne o supa ditiragalo tsa botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi jwa batho ba bantsho ba ba humanegileng mo Aforika Borwa. Dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa ditshwantsho mo mokgweng ono wa botaki ke matlo a a senyegileng, basadi ba ba tlhatswang diaparo, ba ba letsang dinoko le ditshwantsho tse dintsho tsa mmè le ngwana.<ref>https://www.bona.co.za/fashion-and-beauty/thebe-magugu-and-woolworths-join-forces-for-heritage-day/</ref> [[File:Simphiwe_Ndzube_-_Oracles_of_the_Pink_Universe_-_2021.jpg|left|thumb|170x170px|''Oracles of the Pink Universe'' by Simphiwe Ndzube, 2021]] Afrika Borwa ya segompieno e na le botaki jo bo kgatlhang, mme bataki ba yone ba itsiwe lefatshe ka bophara. Pontsho ya bosheng jaana ya ditshwantsho tsa Aforika Borwa ya "Figures and Fictions" kwa Victoria and Albert Museum kwa Lontone e ne e akaretsa tiro ya ga Mikhael Subotzky, Zanele Muholi, David Goldblatt, Zwelethu Mthethwa le Guy Tillim. Bataki ba Afrika Borwa ba ga jaana ba tiro ya bone e ileng ya amogelwa ke boditšhabatšhaba ba akaretsa Marlene Dumas, William Kentridge, le John Smith. [[File:Old_Dutch_Reformed_Church,_Ladismith_1.JPG|thumb|Old Dutch church in Ladismith]] Tsela e Aforika Borwa e agilweng ka yone e bontsha gore naga eno e na le batho ba ditso tse di farologaneng le ba ditso tse di farologaneng le gore e ne e le naga ya bokoloniale. Mo godimo ga moo, tlhotlheletso ya dinaga tse dingwe tse di kgakala e ile ya dira gore go nne le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dikago tsa Aforika Borwa.<ref>https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/2026-09-09-heritage-day-how-south-africans-are-reclaiming-and-redefining-its-meaning/</ref> Herbert Baker, mongwe wa batlhami ba dikago ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo nageng eo, o ne a dira dikago tsa Union Buildings kwa Pretoria. Dikago tse dingwe tse di tlhomologileng di akaretsa segopotso sa Rhodes le St George's Cathedral kwa Cape Town, le St John's College kwa Johannesburg. [[File:Castle_of_Good_Hope.jpg|left|thumb|Gateway to the [[Castle of Good Hope]], the oldest building in South Africa]] Moago wa Cape Dutch o ne o itsege thata mo metlheng ya pele (lekgolo la bo17) ya Cape Colony, mme leina le le tswa mo ntlheng ya gore banni ba ntlha ba Cape e ne e le Ma-Dutch. Mokgwa ono o simologile kwa Holland, Jeremane, Fora le Indonesia tsa metlha ya bogare. Matlo a a agilweng ka mokgwa ono a na le popego e e tlhomologileng, e e lemotshegang, mme selo se se tlhomologileng thata mo go one ke dikago tse dikgolo tse di nang le dipota tse di kgabisitsweng sentle, tse di tshwanang le tsa kwa Amsterdam tse di agilweng ka mokgwa wa SeDutch. Mafelo a metseselegae ya Aforika Borwa a tletse ka dikago tsa setso tsa Aforika tse di nang le tlhotlheletso ya Yuropa. == Baesekopo == Le fa go dirilwe difilimi di le dintsi tsa kwa dinageng di sele ka ga Aforika Borwa (gantsi di bua thata ka dikamano tsa bomorafe), ke difilimi di le mmalwa fela tsa selegae tse di itsegeng kwa ntle ga Aforika Borwa. Go ne ga dirwa se se sa tlwaelegang ka 1980 mo baesekopong ya The Gods Must Be Crazy, e e neng e diragetse kwa Kalahari. Seno se bua ka tsela e botshelo jwa setso sa Ba-San (BaBushmen) bo fetogang ka teng fa lebotlolo la Coke, le le latlhilweng go tswa mo sefofaneng, ka tshoganetso le wela mo loaping. Jamie Uys yo o tlhokafetseng, yo o kwadileng le go tsamaisa The Gods Must Be Crazy, le ene o ne a atlega kwa moseja ka bo1970 ka difilimi tsa gagwe tsa Funny People le Funny People II, tse di neng di tshwana le thelebishene ya kwa Amerika ya Candid Camera. O tshwanetse wa bo o a tshega! Difilimi tsa mofuta o o tshwanang di ratwa thata ke batho ba Aforika Borwa. Filimi ya ga Schuster e e atlegileng thata mo lefatsheng ka bophara ke Mr Bones, eo gape e neng e le filimi e e neng e dira sentle thata mo nageng ka nako ya go gololwa ga yone, e e neng ya dira madi a a fetang dimilione di le 35 tsa diranta. Seno se ne sa fetwa ke sequel, Mr. Bones 2: Back from the Past. Filimi e e neng ya buiwa thata ka Afrika Borwa mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana e ne e le District 9. E tsamaisitswe ke Neill Blomkamp, wa moagi wa Aforika Borwa, mme e dirilwe ke Peter Jackson, filimi e e buang ka ditiragalo tsa motshameko le tsa saense e tlhalosa setlhopha sa batshabi ba batswakwa ba ba neng ba patelediwa go nna mo mafelong a a humanegileng a Johannesburg mo go se ba le bantsi ba neng ba se tsaya e le setshwantsho se se bontshang tlhaolele. Filimi e ne e atlegile mo lefatsheng ka bophara, mme e ne ya tlhophiwa go nna Filimi e e Molemo go gaisa kwa 82nd Academy Awards. Filimi e nngwe e e itsegeng e e dirilweng mo Aforika Borwa ke Chappie. Tse dingwe tse di tlhomologileng ke Tsotsi, e e gapileng sekgele sa Academy Award ya Filimi ya Puo ya Dinaga di Sele kwa 78th Academy Awards ka 2006 mmogo le UCarmen eKhayelitsha, e e gapileng Sekgele sa Golden Bear kwa 2005 Berlin International Film Festival. == Dibuka == [[File:Olive_Schreiner.jpg|left|thumb|Olive Schreiner, the author of ''The Story of an African Farm'' (1883)]] Go na le dipuo di le 12 tsa semmuso mo Aforika Borwa. Hisitori e e tlhomologileng ya loago le ya sepolotiki ya Aforika Borwa e dirile gore go nne le dibuka tse dintsi tse di buang ka botshelo jwa pele ga bokoloniale, motlha wa tlhaolele le matshelo a batho ba "Aforika Borwa e ntšha". Bontsi jwa bakwadi ba ntlha ba bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ba ba gatisang ba ne ba rutilwe ke barongwa, mme bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba kwala ka Seesemane kgotsa ka Seaforikanse. Nngwe ya dibuka tsa ntlha tse di itsegeng thata tse di kwadilweng ke mokwadi wa montsho ka puo ya Seaforika e ne e le Mhudi ya ga Solomon Thekiso Plaatje, e e kwadilweng ka 1930. Bakwadi ba ba itsegeng ba basweu ba ba buang Seesimane ba Aforika Borwa ba akaretsa Nadine Gordimer, yo e neng e le, ka mafoko a ga Seamus Heaney, mongwe wa "diganka tsa kakanyo", mme yo o neng a nna Moaforika Borwa wa ntlha le mosadi wa bosupa go abelwa Sekgele sa Nobel sa Dikwalo ka 1991. Buka ya gagwe, July's People, e ne ya phasaladiwa ka 1981 mme e tlhalosa go phutlhama ga puso ya basweu ba ba kwa tlase. Athol Fugard, yo metshameko ya gagwe e neng e tshamekiwa gangwe le gape kwa mafelong a bobogelo a Aforika Borwa, London (The Royal Court Theatre), le kwa New York City. Buka ya ga Olive Schreiner ya The Story of an African Farm (1883) e ne e le tshenolo mo dibukeng tsa Ba-Victoria; batho ba le bantsi ba akanya gore e ne ya tsenya bosadi mo dibukeng tsa dibuka. Alan Paton o ne a gatisa buka ya gagwe e e tumileng ya Cry, the Beloved Country ka 1948. O ne a bua ka kgang ya moruti mongwe wa montsho yo o neng a tla kwa Johannesburg go tla go batla morwawe, e e neng ya nna buka e e rekwang thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Ka dingwaga tsa bo1950, makasine wa Drum o ne wa nna lefelo la go bua ka dikgang tsa sepolotiki, tsa ditlhamane le tsa ditlhamo, mme seno se ne sa dira gore setso sa batho ba bantsho ba mo ditoropong se kgone go buiwa. Bakwadi ba ba buang Seaforikanse le bone ba ne ba simolola go kwala dilo tse di bakang dikganetsano. Breyten Breytenbach o ne a tsenngwa mo kgolegelong ka ntlha ya go nna le seabe mo mokgatlhong wa batlhabanelatumelo kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele. Andre Brink e ne e le mokwadi wa ntlha wa Moafrika go thibelwa ke puso morago ga go gatisa padi ya A Dry White Season e e buang ka mosweu wa mo Aforika Borwa yo o lemogang boammaaruri ka tsala ya gagwe ya motho montsho yo o tlhokafetseng a tshwerwe ke mapodisi. John Maxwell (JM) Coetzee le ene o ne a gatisiwa la ntlha ka bo1970, mme a itsiwe lefatshe ka bophara ka 1983 ka buka ya gagwe ya Life & Times of Michael K. Buka ya gagwe ya Disgrace ya 1999 e ne ya mo tlisetsa Booker Prize ya gagwe ya bobedi mmogo le Commonwealth Writers' Prize ya 2000. Gape ke moamogedi wa Sekgele sa Nobel sa Dikwalo ka 2003. Mokwadi wa Moesemane e bong J. R. R. Tolkien, mokwadi wa The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings le The Silmarillion, o tsholetswe kwa Bloemfontein ka 1892. === Poko === Aforika Borwa e na le ngwao e e humileng ya poko ya molomo. Bakwadi ba le mmalwa ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ba Maaforika ba ne ba tlhagelela ka dingwaga tsa bo1970, jaaka Mongane Wally Serote, yo tiro ya gagwe e e itsegeng thata, No Baby Must Weep, e neng ya naya lesedi ka ga botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi jwa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ka fa tlase ga tlhaolele.<ref>https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/2026-01-31-honouring-dr-diana-ferrus-a-cultural-icon-and-trailblazer-in-south-african-poetry/</ref> Mokwadi mongwe yo o itsegeng wa dibuka tsa batho ba bantsho, e bong Zakes Mda, o ne a tlogela go kwala maboko le diterama mme a simolola go kwala dibuka ka yone nako eo. Buka ya gagwe, The Heart of Redness, e ne ya gapa Commonwealth Writers Prize ya 2001 mme ya tsenngwa mo kharikhulamong ya dikolo go ralala Aforika Borwa.<ref>https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/2026-01-31-honouring-dr-diana-ferrus-a-cultural-icon-and-trailblazer-in-south-african-poetry/</ref> == Mmino == [[Setshwantsho:Sontonga.jpg|thumb|[[Enoch Sontonga]]]] Go na le mefutafuta e mentsi ya mmino mo Afrika Borwa. Baopedi ba le bantsi ba bantsho ba ba neng ba opela ka Seaforikanse kana ka Seesemane ka nako ya tlhaolele fa e sa le ka nako eo ba simolotse go opela ka dipuo tsa setso tsa Seafrika mme ba dirile mekgwa e e sa tshwaneng le epe e e itsegeng e le ya Kwaito le Amapiano.<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/south-african-musicians-are-reclaiming-the-80s-no-ai-required/1439869</ref> Brenda Fassie ke mongwe wa bone, yo o neng a simolola go tuma ka pina ya gagwe ya "Weekend Special", e e neng e opelwa ka Seesemane. Baopedi ba ba tumileng ba setso ba akaretsa Ladysmith Black Mambazo, fa Soweto String Quartet e tshameka mmino wa setso o o nang le tatso ya Seaforika. Mekgwa ya mmino ya kwa Yuropa e ne ya tlhotlheletsa baopedi ba basweu le ba mmala ba Aforika Borwa.<ref>https://musicinafrica.net/magazine/south-african-traditional-music-achievement-awards-2021-all-nominees/</ref> Aforika Borwa e tlhagisitse diopedi tsa mmino wa jazz tse di tumileng lefatshe ka bophara, segolo thata Hugh Masekela, Jonas Gwangwa, Abdullah Ibrahim, Miriam Makeba, Jonathan Butler, Chris McGregor, le Sathima Bea Benjamin. Mmino wa Seaforikanse o akaretsa mefuta e mentsi, jaaka wa ga Steve Hofmeyr wa segompieno le setlhopha sa mmino wa punk rock sa Fokofpolisiekar. Badiragatsi ba ba tshwanang le Verity (yo o itsegeng boditšhabatšhaba ka go dira dilo tse dintšhwa mo madirelong a mmino) le Johnny Clegg le ditlhopha tsa gagwe tsa Juluka le Savuka ba fitlheletse katlego mo mafelong a a kwa tlase, mo bathong le kwa dinageng di sele. Don Clarke o kwadile "Sanbonani", e e neng e le pina ya selegae ya PJ Powers le Hotline, ka 1986, mmogo le bontsi jwa mmino wa difilimi tsa ga Leon Schuster, go akaretsa le "Till You're Free Again" ya filimi ya 2018 ya Frank and Fearless. Setlhopha sa mmino wa rap-rave sa Die Antwoord le sone se ile sa atlega mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Mmino wa kwa Aforika Borwa o akaretsa kwaito le amapiano, mefuta e e tlhageletseng mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo1980 le kwa bokhutlong jwa bo2010, mme fa e sale e nna mefuta e e tumileng ya ikonomi ya loago mo bathong. Le fa go ntse jalo, bangwe ba re go tloga ka nako ya tlhaolele, karolo ya sepolotiki ya kwaito e ne ya fokotsega, mme go kgatlhegela dipolotiki e ne ya nna karolo e potlana ya botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi. Ba bangwe ba re, ka tsela nngwe, kwaito ke mokgatlho wa dipolotiki o o bontshang go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking ka ditiro tsa one tse go bonalang di sa amane ka gope le dipolotiki.<ref>https://texxandthecity.com/2026/09/maus-launches-to-give-south-african-music-creators-greater-visibility-into-royalties/</ref> Gompieno, dikhampani tse dikgolo tse di jaaka Sony, BMG, le EMI di tsene mo mmarakeng wa Afrika Borwa go dira le go anamisa mmino wa kwaito. Ka ntlha ya go tuma ga yona le tlhotlheletso ya DJs, ba ba leng mo gare ga batho ba ba 5 ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso go gaisa mo nageng, kwaito e tsere radio, thelebišene le dimakasine. Mmino wa roko wa Aforika Borwa ke setso se se tumileng thata, segolobogolo kwa kgaolong ya Johannesburg. The alternative rock and metal band Seether e ne ya tuma lefatshe ka bophara mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo 2000, ka alebamo ya bone e le tlhano e ne ya bona Gold kgotsa Platinum kwa United States. Di-rock band tse dingwe tse nne, KONGOS, Civil Twilight, Prime Circle, the Parlotones le tsona di atlegile kwa moseja mo dingwageng tsa bo 2000. Fa ditlhopha tsa mmino wa metal tse di jaaka Vulvodynia di fitlheletse katlego e e lekanyeditsweng mo dingwageng tsa bo2020. == Saense le thekenoloji == Go nnile le ditlhabololo di le mmalwa tse di botlhokwa tsa saense le thekenoloji tse di simolotseng mo Afrika Borwa. Motho wa ntlha go fetisediwa pelo mo mothong yo mongwe o ne a dirwa ke ngaka e e arang pelo e bong Christiaan Barnard kwa bookelong jwa Groote Schuur ka December 1967.<ref>https://www.itweb.co.za/article/sa-needs-stronger-science-innovation-pipeline/dgp45vaBQEz7X9l8</ref> Max Theiler o ne a tlhama moento kgatlhanong le Yellow Fever, Allan MacLeod Cormack o ne a simolola mokgwa wa go tsaya ditshwantsho ka khomputara ka marang a X-ray, mme Aaron Klug o ne a tlhama mekgwa ya go dirisa maekerosekoupo ya eleketeroniki ka khristale. Diphetogo tseno tsotlhe (ntle le tsa ga Barnard) di ne tsa amogelwa ka Sekgele sa Nobel. Bosheng jaana Sydney Brenner o ne a gapa sekgele seno ka 2002, ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go nna mmulatsela mo go tsa thutotshelo ya dimolekhule.<ref>https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/sa-hails-successful-showing-china-innovation-forum</ref> Mark Shuttleworth o ne a tlhoma khampani ya pabalesego ya Internet ya bogologolo, ya Thawte, e moragonyana e neng ya rekwa ke Verisign e e leng moeteledipele wa lefatshe lotlhe.<ref>https://iol.co.za/news/brics/2026-09-15-innovating-together-and-shaping-the-shared-future/</ref> The Southern African Large Telescope e kwa Karoo. Ke thelesekoupo e kgolo go di gaisa tsotlhe e e bonwang ka matlho mo karolong ya lefatshe e e kwa borwa. Aforika Borwa ga jaana e aga Karoo Array Telescope jaaka motlhami wa tsela ya porojeke ya $20 billion Square Kilometre Array, e e tla agiwang mo Aforika Borwa le Australia.<ref>https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202609/1370392.shtml</ref> == Dijo == [[File:CuisineSouthAfrica.jpg|left|thumb|Mefuta e e farologaneng ya dijo tsa setso tsa Afrika Borwa]] Dijo tsa Aforika Borwa di na le nama e ntsi mme di dirile gore go nne le dikokoano tsa loago tse di itsegeng thata tsa Aforika Borwa tse di itsegeng jaaka braai. Mofuta o o farologaneng wa barbecue, braais gantsi e na le diboerewors kgotsa disoseje tse di nang le dinoko, le mielies (mmidi) kgotsa Mielie-meal, gantsi e le mmidi, kgotsa pearl millet, dijo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa. Dikuku tse di jaaka koeksisters le dijo tse di monate tse di jaaka melktert le tsone di ratiwa thata.<ref>https://news.wine.co.za/news.aspx?NEWSID=47849</ref> [[File:Braai_Boerewors.JPG|right|thumb|Nama e e mo braai e e tlwaelegileng ya Afrika Borwa]] Dijo tsa Seindia tse di jaaka curry le tsone di ratiwa thata, segolobogolo kwa Durban e e nang le baagi ba le bantsi ba Baindia. Sejo se sengwe se se itsegeng thata sa Baindia ba kwa Durban ke "bunny", kana dijo tsa bunny, tse di dirilweng ka lofo ya borotho jo bosweu jo bo sephaphathi jo bo tsentsweng kheri.<ref>https://www.sapeople.com/culture/how-the-braai-became-the-soul-of-south-african-life/</ref> Ba-Portugal le bone ba ile ba nna le seabe, ka go rata nama ya koko e e monate ya peri-peri. Nando's, e leng ketane ya diresetšhurente tsa Sepotokisi tsa mo Aforika Borwa, jaanong e na le diresetšhurente kwa United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, Malaysia, Kenya le United Arab Emirates.<ref>https://www.news24.com/southafrica/good-news/worlds-biggest-braai-3-000-south-africans-to-give-record-another-go-at-loftus-20260911-0477</ref> === Mofine === Aforika Borwa e nnile montshakuno o mogolo wa mofeine, mme dingwe tsa masimo a mofeine a a gaisang a mo mekgatšheng e e dikologileng Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, Paarl le Barrydale. Mofine wa Aforika Borwa o na le hisitori e e simologileng ka 1659, mme ka nako nngwe Constantia e ne e tsewa e le nngwe ya beine e e di gaisang tsotlhe mo lefatsheng. Go fitlhelela mebaraka ya boditšhabatšhaba go dirile gore go nne le maatla a masha a mantsi le gore go nne le dipeeletso tse dintsi. Tlhahiso e shebane le Cape Town, ka masimo a maholo a merara le ditsi tsa tlhahiso Paarl, Stellenbosch le Worcester.<ref>https://www.vinography.com/2026/08/why-south-africa-is-the-most-exciting-wine-region-on-the-planet-part-i</ref> Go na le maina a a ka nnang 60 mo tsamaisong ya Wine of Origin (WO), e e neng ya tsenngwa tirisong ka 1973, ka tatelano ya dikgaolo tsa ntshokuno tse di tlhophilweng, dikgaolo le diwate. Dibeine tsa WO di tshwanetse go dirwa ka 100% go tswa mo diterebeng tse di tswang mo lefelong le le tlhophilweng.<ref>https://winemag.co.za/wine/opinion/editorial-is-south-african-wine-losing-faith-in-itself/</ref> Beine e e tswang mo tshimong e le nngwe ya mofine e tshwanetse go tswa mo lefelong le le tlhalositsweng la diheketara tse di kwa tlase ga di le tlhano. "Veine ya Setlhopha" e ka tswa mo dipolasing tse di bapileng, fa fela di le mo dipolasing tse di bapileng mme go dirwa beine mo lefelong leo. Lefelo ke lefelo le le nang le mofuta wa mmu le/kgotsa tlelaemete e e farologaneng, mme le batla le lekana le leina la kwa Yuropa.<ref>https://www.news24.com/life/wine/meet-the-american-rising-star-betting-big-on-south-african-wine-20260821-0651</ref> == Thuto == [[File:Herbert_Baker_clocktower,_Rhodes_University,_2004.jpg|thumb|The heart of the Rhodes University campus]] Baithuti ba na le dingwaga di le lesomepedi tsa sekolo, go tloga ka mophato wa 1 go ya go wa 12. Kereiti ya R ke ngwaga wa motheo wa pele ga sekolo. Dikolo tsa poraemari di akaretsa dingwaga tsa ntlha tse supa tsa sekolo. Thuto ya Sekolo se Segolo e tsaya dingwaga tse dingwe tse tlhano. Tlhatlhobo ya Senior Certificate e diragala kwa bokhutlong jwa kereiti ya 12 mme e a tlhokega mo dithutong tsa teritiary kwa yunibesithing ya Aforika Borwa.<ref>https://iol.co.za/sundayindependent/dispatch/2026-04-11-a-curriculum-built-on-erasure-reclaiming-south-africas-buried-history/</ref> Diyunibesiti tsa setšhaba mo Aforika Borwa di kgaogantswe ka mefuta e le meraro: diyunibesiti tsa setso, tse di nayang dikirii ya yunibesiti e e theilweng mo thutong; diyunibesiti tsa thekenoloji (tse pele di neng di bidiwa "Technikons"), tse di nayang didipoloma le dikirii e e theilweng mo tirong ya diatla; le diyunibesiti tse di akaretsang, tse di nayang mefuta e mebedi ya borutegi. Ditheo tsa puso gantsi di tshwarwa ka Seesimane, le fa go ka nna le dithuto ka Seaforikanse. Gape go na le palo e kgolo ya ditheo tse dingwe tsa thuto mo Aforika Borwa - dingwe ke dikhamphase tsa selegae tsa diyunibesiti tsa kwa dinageng di sele, tse dingwe di tshwarela baithuti ba ba kwalang ditlhatlhobo tsa bone kwa Yunibesithing ya Aforika Borwa ya thuto ya sekgala, mme tse dingwe di naya didipoloma tse di sa amogelwang kgotsa tse di sa amogelwang.<ref>https://mg.co.za/friday/2026-05-18-artscape-celebrates-55-years-by-opening-its-doors-wider-than-ever/</ref> Ditshenyegelo tsa puso mo thutong e ne e le 6.1% ya GDP ya 2016. Ka fa tlase ga tlhaolele, dikolo tsa bantsho di ne di le ka fa tlase ga kgethololo ka ntlha ya madi a a sa lekaneng le thulaganyo e e farologaneng e e bidiwang Thuto ya Banthu e e neng e diretswe fela go ba fa bokgoni jo bo lekaneng go dira jaaka badiri. Go baakanya go sa lekalekane gono e ntse e le selo se se tsepameng mo pholising ya thuto ya bosheng; bona Thuto mo Aforika Borwa: Thulaganyo-sesha. === Go batla === Aforika Borwa le yona e nnile le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo mokgatlhong wa Basupatsela, ka ditlwaelo le meletlo e mentsi ya Basupatsela e tswa mo maitemogelong a ga Robert Baden-Powell (mothei wa Basupatsela) ka nako ya gagwe mo Aforika Borwa jaaka motlhankedi wa sesole ka dingwaga tsa bo 1890-1900. Scouts South Africa (e e neng e itsege ka nako eo jaaka Boy Scouts of South Africa) e ne e le nngwe ya mekgatlho ya ntlha ya baša go bula dikgoro tsa yone go baša le bagolo ba merafe yotlhe mo Aforika Borwa. Se se diragetse ka 2 Phukwi 1977 kwa khonferenseng e e itsegeng jaaka Quo Vadis.<ref>https://www.scout.org/news/rovers-gather-south-africa-2nd-africa-scout-moot</ref> == Kago ya setšhaba == === Ditiro tsa bong === Aforika Borwa e ne ya tlhoma melao ya lenyalo la batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ka 2006, e e letlelelang batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang go nyalana le go ikopela bana. Le fa tsamaiso ya Molaotheo le ya semolao mo Aforika Borwa e tlhomamisa gore go nne le tekatekano, ka kakaretso ga e amogelwe ke setšhaba, segolobogolo kwa ntle ga ditoropo.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g55v1g95qo</ref> Basadi ba basodoma ba ba tswang kwa ditoropong tse dipotlana (segolobogolo kwa ditoropong) gantsi ba itewa kana ba betelelwa. Seno se ne sa bewa, ka bontlhabongwe, go nna ka ntlha ya matshosetsi a ba neng ba a bona a go nna le taolo ya setso ya banna. Le fa bosupi jwa letlhoo bo ka tlhotlheletsa ditshwetso mo mabakeng a a rileng, Aforika Borwa ga e na molao o o rileng wa bosenyi jwa letlhoo; mekgatlho ya ditshwanelo tsa botho e tshwaetse mapodisi a Aforika Borwa ka go palelwa ke go rarabolola kgang ya bosenyi jo bo tlhotlhelediwang ke tlhaolele.<ref>https://www.undp.org/south-africa/blog/tradition-transformation-accelerating-gender-equality-south-africa</ref> Sekao, NGO ActionAid e ile ya kgala go tswelela ga go se otlhaiwe le go latofatsa mebuso ka go itlhokomolosa dipolao tsa basetsana ba basetsana mo ditlhaselong tsa bosodoma mo Aforika Borwa; mmogo le go bidiwa "go siamisa" petelelo, go akaretsa le dikgetse tsa baithuti, mo mabakeng a basotli ba banna ba ipolelang gore ba beteletse moswagadi yo o betelelwang ka maikaelelo a go mo "fodisa" ka mokgwa wa gagwe wa thobalano.<ref>https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/why-gen-zs-views-on-gender-roles-are-more-complex-than-we-think-400129a</ref> == Metshameko == [[File:Springbok_parade.jpg|thumb|The ''Springboks'' in a bus parade after winning the 2007 Rugby World Cup]] [[File:South_African_Cricket_team_2008.jpg|right|thumb|The ''Proteas'' at the Oval in 2008]] Metshameko e e tumileng thata mo Aforika Borwa ke kgwele ya dinao, rugby le kerikete. Metshameko e mengwe e e nang le tshegetso e e botlhokwa ke ya hockey, go thuma, metshameko ya diatleletiki, kolofo, motshameko wa mabole, tenese, netball le softball. Le mororo kgwele ya dinao e na le balatedi ba le bantsi mo basheng, metshameko e mengwe e e jaaka baseketebolo, go palama makhubu, judo le go palama sekete e nna e ntse e ratwa thata.<ref>https://mg.co.za/friday/2026-09-10-bokani-dyer-looks-back-to-move-forward-on-traditions/</ref> Batho ba ba tumileng ba metshameko ya go lwa ba akaretsa Baby Jake Jacob Matlala, Vuyani Bungu, Welcome Ncita, Dingaan Thobela, Corrie Sanders, Gerrie Coetzee, Brian Mitchell le Dricus du Plessis. Batshameki ba kgwele ya dinao ba ba tshamekileng mo ditlelapeng tse dikgolo tsa kwa ntle ba akaretsa Lucas Radebe le Philemon Masinga, (bao pele ba neng ba tshameka kwa Leeds United), Quinton Fortune (Atlético Madrid le Manchester United), Benni McCarthy (yo gape e leng mokatisi wa setlhopha sa ntlha kwa Manchester United) (Ajax Amsterdam, FC. Porto, Blackburn Rovers le West Ham United), Aaron Mokoena (Ajax Amsterdam, Blackburn Rovers le Portsmouth), Delron Buckley (Borussia Dortmund) le Steven Pienaar (Ajax Amsterdam le Everton).<ref>https://capeargus.co.za/sport/2026-09-01-why-its-time-to-retire-south-africas-iconic-stadium-flyover-tradition2/</ref> Aforika Borwa gape e tlhagisitse 1979 Formula One World Champion, Jody Scheckter, gammogo le morwawe, mofenyi wa kgaisano ya Indycar Series gabedi, Tomas Scheckter, yo o eteletseng pele go dikologa go le gontsi mo mabakeng a gagwe a ntlha a mabedi a Indianapolis 500 ka nako ya kgaisano ya 2002 le 2003.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7578089/2026/09/10/south-africa-new-zealand-rugby-baltimore-why/</ref> Mo MotoGP, bakgweetsi ba ba tumileng ba akaretsa Brad Binder le morwarraagwe yo mmotlana, Darryn Binder. Moatleletiki wa kwa Durban e bong Jordy Smith o ne a fenya kgaisano ya Billabong J-Bay ya 2010, e leng se se neng sa mo dira motshameki wa maemo a ntlha mo lefatsheng. Batshameki ba khirikete ba ba tumileng ba akaretsa Herschelle Gibbs, Graeme Smith, Dale Steyn, Jonty Rhodes, Jacques Kallis, JP Duminy, Quinton de Kock, Faf du Plessis, Keshav Maharaj, Kagiso Rabada, David Miller le AB de Villiers, jj. Bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba tshameka le mo metshamekong ya Indian Premier League.<ref>https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/how-the-all-blacks-are-using-south-african-culture-to-win-us-over-742662a</ref> Aforika Borwa e tlhagisitse gape le batshameki ba le bantsi ba maemo a lefatshe ba rugby, go akaretsa Francois Pienaar, Joost van der Westhuizen, Danie Craven, Frik du Preez, Naas Botha, Bryan Habana, Siya Kolisi, Cheslin Kolbe, Duane Vermeulen, Eben Etzebeth le Makazole Mapimpi. Aforika Borwa e ne ya amogela le go fenya Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Rugby sa 1995 mme ya fenya Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Rugby sa 2007 kwa Fora mmogo le Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Rugby sa 2019 kwa Japane, le Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Rugby sa 2023, gape kwa Fora. E ne ya latela Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Rugby sa 1995 ka go tshwara Sejana sa Ditšhaba sa Aforika sa 1996, mme setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa naga se ne sa fenya kgaisano. E ne gape e tshotse Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Kgwele ya dinao sa 2003 le Sejana sa Lefatshe sa 2007 sa Twenty20, mme e ne e le naga e e tshotseng Sejana sa Lefatshe sa 2010 sa FIFA, lekgetlho la ntlha kgaisano e ne e tshwaretswe mo Afrika. Moporesidente wa FIFA Sepp Blatter o abetse Aforika Borwa maduo a 9 mo go a 10 ka ntlha ya go tshwara tiragalo eno ka katlego.<ref>https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/how-the-all-blacks-are-using-south-african-culture-to-win-us-over-742662a</ref> Ka 2004, setlhopha sa go thuma sa ga Roland Schoeman, Lyndon Ferns, Darian Townsend, le Ryk Neethling se ne sa gapa sekgele sa gouta kwa Metshamekong ya Diolimpiki kwa Athena, ka nako e le nngwe se roba rekoto ya lefatshe mo kgaisanong ya go thuma ka go taboga. Penny Heyns o ne a gapa gouta ya Diolimpiki kwa Metshamekong ya Diolimpiki ya Atlanta ka 1996. Motshameki wa motshameko wa go thuma e bong Tatjana Smith (yo o bidiwang Schoenmaker) o ne a gapa dimetlele tsa gouta le tsa selefera kwa Metshamekong ya Diolimpiki le kwa Metshamekong ya Commonwealth.<ref>https://news.wine.co.za/news.aspx?NEWSID=47925&CLIENTID=1171</ref> Mo go golfing, Gary Player ka kakaretso o tsewa jaaka mongwe wa batshameki ba bagolo go gaisa botlhe ba go tshameka kolofo, ka go fenya Career Grand Slam, mongwe wa batshameki ba batlhano ba go dira jalo. Badiragatsi ba bangwe ba Aforika Borwa ba ba fentseng dikgaisano tse dikgolo tsa kgwele ya dinao ba akaretsa Bobby Locke, Ernie Els, Retief Goosen, Trevor Immelman le Louis Oosthuizen.<ref>https://www.citizen.co.za/african-reporter/news-headlines/2025/12/25/unique-south-african-christmas-traditions-that-celebrate-summer-culture-and-community-2/</ref> == Bona gape == == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Setso sa Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Setso]] 5vau4cayetq9bx9vog6z8e6nr8v4i5d 0 15085 54978 2026-09-17T04:22:58Z KatieKea 10150 ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e 54978 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Owl house 2003 18.JPG|thumb|Mokono o mogolo o o nang le morubisi kwa setlhoeng]] '''Owl House''' ke [[motlobo wa ditso]] wa kwa [[Nieu-Bethesda]], kwa [[Eastern Cape|Kapa Botlhaba]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Mong wa yone, e bong Helen Martins, o ne a fetola ntlo ya gagwe le lefelo le le e dikologileng go nna lefelo le le nang le pono, le le kgabisitsweng ka botswerere ka galase e e sitsweng mme le na le ditshwantsho tse di betlilweng tsa konkoreite di feta makgolo a mararo tse di akaretsang maruarua, dikamela, diphikoko, dipiramiti le batho. O ne a fiwa ntlo e e le boswa go tswa mo batsading ba gagwe mme a simolola go e fetola fa ba sena go tlhokafala.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061213111508/http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/offthemap/html/travelogue_artist_8.htm "The Owl House, Nieu-Bethesda, South Africa"]. ''PBS Independent Lens''. Archived from [https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/offthemap/html/travelogue_artist_8.htm the original] on 13 December 2006. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bosupa, 2026.</ref> == Helen Martins == Helen Martins e ne e le motaki yo o tswang kwa ntle yo o sa itsiweng[2] yo o sa ntseng a le selo se se sa tlhaloganyesegeng.[3] O tshotswe ka la bo 23 Sedimonthole 1897 kwa Nieu-Bethesda, e ne e le ngwana yo mmotlana mo baneng ba le barataro ba ba neng ba tshela ba ga Pieter Jakobus Martins le Hester Catharina Cornelia van der Merwe. == Go tsena sekolo le botshelo jwa ntlha == Helen o ne a tsena sekolo kwa Graaf-Reinet mme a bona dipoloma ya borutabana kwa kholetšheng ya barutabana kwa Graaf-Reinet (e jaanong e leng kholetšhe ya katiso ya mapodisi).[5] Ka 1919, Helen Martins o ne a fudugela kwa Teransefala kwa a neng a simolola go ruta teng. == Botshelo jwa lenyalo == Ka di 7 Ferikgong 1920, o ne a nyala modirimmogo le ene yo o bidiwang Willem Johannes Pienaar.[6][7] Banyalani ba ne ba tsamaya le naga ba diragatsa mo ditlhagisong tsa bobogelo kwa Teransefala, Motsekapa le kwa Port Elizabeth. Lenyalo la bone e ne e se le le itumedisang, mme Helen o ne a tlogela monna wa gagwe makgetlo a le mmalwa. O ne a feleletsa a tlhadile Pienaar ka 1926.[6][7] Nako nngwe mo e ka nnang ka 1927 kgotsa 1928, Helen o ne a boela kwa Nieu-Bethesda, kwa a neng a nna gone dingwaga di le 31 tse di latelang a tlhokomela batsadi ba gagwe ba ba godileng. Mmaagwe Hester, yo go begwang gore o ne a ratana thata le ene, o ne a bolawa ke kankere ya mabele ka 1941.[6][7] Rraagwe o tlhalositswe ka ditsela tse di farologaneng jaaka "yo o sa tlwaelegang le yo o batlang dilo tse dintsi"[4] mme gongwe le yo o sotlang.[6] O ne a nna mo phaposing e e kwa ntle, e na le setofo le bolao jwa go robala mo go jone. Morago ga gore rraagwe a bolawe ke kankere ya mala ka 1945,[6] Helen o ne a aga difensetere ka ditena, a penta kamore ya gagwe ka bontsho, mme a baya letshwao le le balegang jaana "The Lion's Den".[8] Fa Martins a le dingwaga di ka nna 60, o ne a nyala Rre J. J. M. Niemand, yo o neng a amogela phenshene e bile e le motlhokomedi wa fanitšhara mo motseng ono. Lenyalo le ne la tsaya dikgwedi di le tharo fela.[4] == Kago == Batsadi ba gagwe ba ne ba tlogela Helen mo ntlong. Morago ga loso lwa bone Martins o ne a simolola go fetola ntlo le tshingwana, a fetsa dingwaga a tlhama tikologo ya pono.[9][5] == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Merubisi mo botaking]] [[Karolo:Metlobo ya ditso kwa Eastern Cape]] [[Karolo:Karoo]] 16dvxrazxjt88onnz9bajnpkvicg37g 54979 54978 2026-09-17T04:45:55Z KatieKea 10150 /* Helen Martins */ ke ranotse karolo e le go tsenya metswedi 54979 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Owl house 2003 18.JPG|thumb|Mokono o mogolo o o nang le morubisi kwa setlhoeng]] '''Owl House''' ke [[motlobo wa ditso]] wa kwa [[Nieu-Bethesda]], kwa [[Eastern Cape|Kapa Botlhaba]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Mong wa yone, e bong Helen Martins, o ne a fetola ntlo ya gagwe le lefelo le le e dikologileng go nna lefelo le le nang le pono, le le kgabisitsweng ka botswerere ka galase e e sitsweng mme le na le ditshwantsho tse di betlilweng tsa konkoreite di feta makgolo a mararo tse di akaretsang maruarua, dikamela, diphikoko, dipiramiti le batho. O ne a fiwa ntlo e e le boswa go tswa mo batsading ba gagwe mme a simolola go e fetola fa ba sena go tlhokafala.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061213111508/http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/offthemap/html/travelogue_artist_8.htm "The Owl House, Nieu-Bethesda, South Africa"]. ''PBS Independent Lens''. Archived from [https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/offthemap/html/travelogue_artist_8.htm the original] on 13 December 2006. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bosupa, 2026.</ref> == Helen Martins == {{Infobox person|name=Helen Martins|image=helen martins.jpg|alt=Portrait Helen Martins|birth_name=<!-- only use if different from name -->|birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1897|12|23}}|birth_place=[[Nieu-Bethesda]], Eastern Cape, South Africa|death_date={{Death date|df=yes|1976|08|08}}|known for=The Owl House}} Helen Martins e ne e le motaki yo o tswang kwa ntle yo o sa itsiweng<ref>[http://www.outsiderartnow.com/helen-martins/ "Helen Martins"]. ''Outsider Art Now''. 27 June 2014. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> yo o sa ntseng a sa tlhaloganyesege.<ref>Marsh, Rob (1994). ''Unsolved mysteries of Southern Africa''. Cape Town: Struik. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/9781868254064|&#x20;<bdi>9781868254064</bdi>]].</ref> O tshotswe ka Sedimonthole a le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka 1897 kwa [[Nieu-Bethesda]], e ne e le ngwana yo mmotlana mo baneng ba le barataro ba ba neng ba tshela ba ga Pieter Jakobus Martins le Hester Catharina Cornelia van der Merwe.<ref name=":1">Verwey, E. J. (1995). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rl8nkyID3WsC&pg=PA160 New dictionary of South African biography]'' (1st&#x20;ed.). Pretoria: HSRC Publishers. pp.&#x20;160–162. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780796916488|9780796916488]]</bdi>.</ref><ref name=":2">[http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/martins-he.htm "Helen Elizabeth Martins"]. ''South African History Online''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> == Go tsena sekolo le botshelo jwa pele == Helen o ne a tsena sekolo kwa [[Graaf-Reinet]] mme a bona diploma ya borutabana kwa kholetšheng ya barutabana kwa [[Graaf-Reinet]] (e jaanong e leng kholetšhe ya katiso ya mapodisi).<ref name=":2" /> Ka 1919, Helen Martins o ne a fudugela kwa Teransefala kwa a neng a simolola go ruta teng. == Botshelo jwa lenyalo == Ka Firikgong a supa, 1920, o ne a nyala modirikaene yo o bidiwang Willem Johannes Pienaar.<ref name=":3">Ross, Sue Imrie (1997). ''This is my world : the life of Helen Martins, creator of the Owl House''. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0195715163|978-0195715163]]</bdi>.</ref><ref name=":4">[https://lynnssite.wordpress.com/2015/02/01/the-extraordinary-life-of-helen-martins/ "The Extraordinary Life of Helen Martins"]. ''lynnssite''. February 2015. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> Banyalani ba ba ne ba tsamaya le lefatsheba diragatsa mo ditlhagisong tsa bobogelo kwa Teransefala, Motsekapa le kwa Port Elizabeth. Lenyalo la bone e ne e se le le itumedisang, mme Helen o ne a tlogela monna wa gagwe makgetlho a le mmalwa. O ne a feleletsa a tlhadile Pienaar ka 1926.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Nako nngwe mo e ka nnang ka 1927 kgotsa 1928, Helen o ne a boela kwa [[Nieu-Bethesda]], kwa a neng a nna gone dingwaga di le masome a mararo le motso tse di latelang a tlhokomela batsadi ba gagwe ba ba godileng. Mmaagwe Hester, yo go begwang gore o ne a utwana thata le ene, o ne a bolawa ke kankere ya lebele ka 1941.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Rraagwe o tlhalositswe ka ditsela tse di farologaneng jaaka "yo o sa tlwaelesegeng le yo o batlang dilo tse dintsi"<ref name=":1" /> mme gongwe le yo o sotlang.<ref name=":3" /> O ne a nna mo phaposing e e kwa ntle, e na le setofo le bolao jwa go robala. Morago ga gore rraagwe a bolawe ke kankere ya mala ka 1945,<ref name=":3" /> Helen o ne a aga diokomelabagwe ka ditena, a penta kamore ya gagwe ka bontsho, mme a baya letshwao le le balegang jaana "The Lion's Den".<ref>Emslie, Anne (1997). ''A journey through the Owl House''. Johannesburg: Penguin Books. p.&#x20;3. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780140255560|9780140255560]]</bdi>.</ref> Fa Martins a le dingwaga di ka nna masome a marataro, o ne a nyala Rre J. J. M. Niemand, yo o neng a amogela madi a bogodi e bile a baakanya dilo tse di betlilweng mo motseng oo. Lenyalo le ne la tsaya dikgwedi di le tharo fela.<ref name=":1" /> == Kago == Batsadi ba gagwe ba ne ba tlogelela Helen ntlo. Morago ga loso lwa bone Martins o ne a simolola go fetola ntlo le tshingwana, a fetsa dingwaga a tlhama tikologo ya pono.<ref>[https://www.phillymagicgardens.org/public-programs/education/other-visionary-environments/#HelenMartins "Other Visionary Art Environments"]. ''Philadelphia Magic Garden''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bosupa, 2026.</ref><ref name=":2" /> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Merubisi mo botaking]] [[Karolo:Metlobo ya ditso kwa Eastern Cape]] [[Karolo:Karoo]] 3i34g8pvqvzupy5ree7do1vpdrgspzb 54980 54979 2026-09-17T05:15:54Z KatieKea 10150 /* Kago */ ke ranotse karolo e le go tsenya metswedi 54980 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Owl house 2003 18.JPG|thumb|Mokono o mogolo o o nang le morubisi kwa setlhoeng]] '''Owl House''' ke [[motlobo wa ditso]] wa kwa [[Nieu-Bethesda]], kwa [[Eastern Cape|Kapa Botlhaba]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Mong wa yone, e bong Helen Martins, o ne a fetola ntlo ya gagwe le lefelo le le e dikologileng go nna lefelo le le nang le pono, le le kgabisitsweng ka botswerere ka galase e e sitsweng mme le na le ditshwantsho tse di betlilweng tsa konkoreite di feta makgolo a mararo tse di akaretsang maruarua, dikamela, diphikoko, dipiramiti le batho. O ne a fiwa ntlo e e le boswa go tswa mo batsading ba gagwe mme a simolola go e fetola fa ba sena go tlhokafala.<ref name=":5">[https://web.archive.org/web/20061213111508/http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/offthemap/html/travelogue_artist_8.htm "The Owl House, Nieu-Bethesda, South Africa"]. ''PBS Independent Lens''. Archived from [https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/offthemap/html/travelogue_artist_8.htm the original] on 13 December 2006. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bosupa, 2026.</ref> == Helen Martins == {{Infobox person|name=Helen Martins|image=helen martins.jpg|alt=Portrait Helen Martins|birth_name=<!-- only use if different from name -->|birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1897|12|23}}|birth_place=[[Nieu-Bethesda]], Eastern Cape, South Africa|death_date={{Death date|df=yes|1976|08|08}}|known for=The Owl House}} Helen Martins e ne e le motaki yo o tswang kwa ntle yo o sa itsiweng<ref>[http://www.outsiderartnow.com/helen-martins/ "Helen Martins"]. ''Outsider Art Now''. 27 June 2014. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> yo o sa ntseng a sa tlhaloganyesege.<ref>Marsh, Rob (1994). ''Unsolved mysteries of Southern Africa''. Cape Town: Struik. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/9781868254064|&#x20;<bdi>9781868254064</bdi>]].</ref> O tshotswe ka Sedimonthole a le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka 1897 kwa [[Nieu-Bethesda]], e ne e le ngwana yo mmotlana mo baneng ba le barataro ba ba neng ba tshela ba ga Pieter Jakobus Martins le Hester Catharina Cornelia van der Merwe.<ref name=":1">Verwey, E. J. (1995). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rl8nkyID3WsC&pg=PA160 New dictionary of South African biography]'' (1st&#x20;ed.). Pretoria: HSRC Publishers. pp.&#x20;160–162. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780796916488|9780796916488]]</bdi>.</ref><ref name=":2">[http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/martins-he.htm "Helen Elizabeth Martins"]. ''South African History Online''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> == Go tsena sekolo le botshelo jwa pele == Helen o ne a tsena sekolo kwa [[Graaf-Reinet]] mme a bona diploma ya borutabana kwa kholetšheng ya barutabana kwa [[Graaf-Reinet]] (e jaanong e leng kholetšhe ya katiso ya mapodisi).<ref name=":2" /> Ka 1919, Helen Martins o ne a fudugela kwa Teransefala kwa a neng a simolola go ruta teng. == Botshelo jwa lenyalo == Ka Firikgong a supa, 1920, o ne a nyala modirikaene yo o bidiwang Willem Johannes Pienaar.<ref name=":3">Ross, Sue Imrie (1997). ''This is my world : the life of Helen Martins, creator of the Owl House''. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0195715163|978-0195715163]]</bdi>.</ref><ref name=":4">[https://lynnssite.wordpress.com/2015/02/01/the-extraordinary-life-of-helen-martins/ "The Extraordinary Life of Helen Martins"]. ''lynnssite''. February 2015. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> Banyalani ba ba ne ba tsamaya le lefatsheba diragatsa mo ditlhagisong tsa bobogelo kwa Teransefala, Motsekapa le kwa Port Elizabeth. Lenyalo la bone e ne e se le le itumedisang, mme Helen o ne a tlogela monna wa gagwe makgetlho a le mmalwa. O ne a feleletsa a tlhadile Pienaar ka 1926.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Nako nngwe mo e ka nnang ka 1927 kgotsa 1928, Helen o ne a boela kwa [[Nieu-Bethesda]], kwa a neng a nna gone dingwaga di le masome a mararo le motso tse di latelang a tlhokomela batsadi ba gagwe ba ba godileng. Mmaagwe Hester, yo go begwang gore o ne a utwana thata le ene, o ne a bolawa ke kankere ya lebele ka 1941.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Rraagwe o tlhalositswe ka ditsela tse di farologaneng jaaka "yo o sa tlwaelesegeng le yo o batlang dilo tse dintsi"<ref name=":1" /> mme gongwe le yo o sotlang.<ref name=":3" /> O ne a nna mo phaposing e e kwa ntle, e na le setofo le bolao jwa go robala. Morago ga gore rraagwe a bolawe ke kankere ya mala ka 1945,<ref name=":3" /> Helen o ne a aga diokomelabagwe ka ditena, a penta kamore ya gagwe ka bontsho, mme a baya letshwao le le balegang jaana "The Lion's Den".<ref name=":6">Emslie, Anne (1997). ''A journey through the Owl House''. Johannesburg: Penguin Books. p.&#x20;3. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780140255560|9780140255560]]</bdi>.</ref> Fa Martins a le dingwaga di ka nna masome a marataro, o ne a nyala Rre J. J. M. Niemand, yo o neng a amogela madi a bogodi e bile a baakanya dilo tse di betlilweng mo motseng oo. Lenyalo le ne la tsaya dikgwedi di le tharo fela.<ref name=":1" /> == Kago == Batsadi ba gagwe ba ne ba tlogelela Helen ntlo. Morago ga loso lwa bone Martins o ne a simolola go fetola ntlo le tshingwana, a fetsa dingwaga a tlhama tikologo ya pono.<ref>[https://www.phillymagicgardens.org/public-programs/education/other-visionary-environments/#HelenMartins "Other Visionary Art Environments"]. ''Philadelphia Magic Garden''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bosupa, 2026.</ref><ref name=":2" /> Go dumelwa fa a simolotse mo teng ga ntlo, a thapa batho ba lefelo leo Jonas Adams le Piet van der Merwe go dira diphetogo tsa popego, le go khurumetsa difatlhego tsa ka fa teng ka galase e e fa fatshe. Diokomelabagwe, diipone le dipone di ne tsa tokafatsa lesedi le le mo teng.<ref name=":5" /><ref>[http://theowlhouse.co.za/the-owlhouse/ "The Owl House – The owlhouse"]. ''theowlhouse.co.za''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> Martins o ne a dirisa gape samente le terata, a kgabisa ka fa teng ga ntlo ya gagwe mme moragonyana a aga ditshwantsho tse di betlilweng mo tshingwaneng ya gagwe.<ref name=":7">Pinchuck, Tony; Heuler, Hilary; Marle, Jeroen van; Mouritsen, Lone (2012). ''The rough guide to South Africa, Lesotho & Swaziland''. London: Rough Guides. p.&#x20;394. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1405386500|978-1405386500]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Collins, Niki (1 June 1986). [http://www.authorsden.com/visit/viewArticle.asp?id=7892 "South African Gaudi: Helen Martins"]. ''Women Artists News'': 28. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0149-7081 0149-7081]. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le borataro, 2026.</ref> Molekane wa gagwe le moratiwa wa gagwe Johannes Hattingh o ne a aga diphologolo tsa ntlha tsa samente mme a aga bontsi jwa diphologolo tsa ntlha tsa Owl House.<ref name=":6" /> Ka 1964, o ne a kopanngwa mo tirong ya gagwe ke Koos Malgas, yo o neng a mo thusa go aga ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo lefelong le le kwa ntle le le bidiwang Camel Yard.<ref>McLean, Ian (2014). ''Double Desire: Transculturation and Indigenous Contemporary Art''. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p.&#x20;265. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781443867436|9781443867436]]</bdi>.</ref> Ya bone e ne e le thulaganyo ya tirisanommogo e e tseneletseng, ba kopana letsatsi le letsatsi go akanya le go tlhama ditiro tse disha.<ref>Malgas, Julia; Couzyn, Jeni (2008). ''Koos Malgas, sculptor of the Owl House''. Nieu Bethesda: Firelizard. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780953505821|9780953505821]]</bdi>.</ref> Martins o ne a tlhotlhelediwa ke dibuka tsa baebele tsa Bokeresete, poko ya ga [[Omar Khayyam]], le dibuka tse di farologaneng tsa ga [[William Blake]].<ref name=":7" /> Camel Yard e na le ditshwantsho tse di fetang makgolo a mararo tse di betlilweng, bontsi jwa tsone e le tsa maruarua, dikamela le batho. Bontsi jwa tsone di lebile kwa botlhaba e le go tlotla go kgatlhwa ke [[Mecca]] le [[Orient|Botlhaba]] ga ga Martins. Letshwao mo jarateng le re "Leno ke Lefatshe la Me."<ref name=":5" /> Go na le dikakanyetso tsa gore baagisani ba bone ba ka tswa ba ne ba belaela kamano fa gare ga Malgas, monna wa mmala, le Martins, mosadi wa mosweu.<ref name=":8">[http://artanddesigninspiration.com/south-africas-queen-of-outsider-art-helen-martins/ "Outsider Art, Outsider Artists : South Africa's Queen of Outsider Art, Helen Martins"]. ''Art and Design Inspiration''. 15 December 2013.</ref> Gape go na le dikakanyetso tsa gore Martins o ne a dirisana botoka le baagisani ba gagwe ba mmala (ba go begwang gore o ne a ba rekisetsa bojalwa jo bo titietsweng e se ka fa molaong) go na le maloko a Kereke ya Dutch Reformed e e gagametseng.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa a ne a le nosi (mme a nna jalo le go feta fa a ntse a gola), Helen Martins o ne a laletsa baagisani ba gagwe go tla go leba ntlo ya gagwe fa e kgabisitswe ka Keresemose.<ref name=":8" /> Gape go na le ditshupo tsa gore baagisani ba gagwe ba ne ba thusa go tlhokomela rraagwe Helen mo dingwageng tsa gagwe tsa bofelo, le gore ba ne ba mo fa dijo fa a ne a sa itlhokomele.<ref name=":3" /> Dikamano magareng ga gagwe le morafe o a neng a nna mo go one di ne di raraane mme gantsi di le thata.<ref name=":3" /> == Loso == Go bo Martin a ne a ntse a bona galase e e boleta e e thubegileng ka lobaka lo loleele e a neng a e dirisa go kgabisa mabota le disiling tsa gagwe go ne ga feleletsa go dirile gore matlho a gagwe a simolole go sa bone sentle. Seno se ne sa dira gore a leke go ipolaya ka go nwa soda e e bogale ka Phatwe a le malatsi a marataro ka 1976 a le dingwaga di le masome a supa le boferabobedi.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>Smiedt, David (2004). ''Are we there yet : chasing a childhood through South Africa''. St. Lucia, Qld.: University of Queensland Press. p.&#x20;289. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0702233845|978-0702233845]]</bdi>.</ref> O ne a bonwa mme a isiwa kwa bookelong kwa [[Graaff-Reinet]], kwa a tlhokafetseng teng ka Phatwe a ferabobedi ka 1976.<ref>[http://theowlhouse.co.za/helen-martins/ "Helen Martins – The owlhouse"]. ''theowlhouse.co.za''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bosupa, 2026.</ref> == Motlobo wa ditso == Go ya ka dikeletso tsa gagwe,<ref name=":2" /> Owl House e ntse e ntse e le motlobo wa ditso. Ka 1991, Ditsala tsa Owl House di ne tsa rulaganya gore Koos Malgas a boele kwa Nieu-Bethesda go ya go tlhokomela lefelo leo. Mokgatlho wa Owl House, o o neng wa tlhamiwa ka 1996, jaanong o laola lefelo leno.<ref name=":5" /> Ntlo e ne ya itsisiwe jaaka lefelo la boswa jwa kgaolo ka 1989<ref name=":1" /> mme ya bulwa jaaka motlobo ka 1992.<ref>Plessis, Heather du (2000). ''Tourism destinations southern Africa''. [Kenwyn, South Africa]: Juta. p.&#x20;152. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780702152726|9780702152726]]</bdi>.</ref> == Mo setsong se se tlwaelesegileng == [[Athol Fugard]] o ne a gatisa motshameko o o theilweng mo go Helen Martins<ref>[http://www.encounter.co.za/article/99.html "The Owl House of Nieu-Bethesda"]. ''Encounter South Africa''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le bosupa, 2026.</ref> ka 1985 e e bidiwang ''[[The Road to Mecca]]'', e moragonyana e neng ya dirwa filimi ya leina le le tshwanang. Ka 2015, motshameko wa Marathi wa ''Prawaas'' e ne ya tlhagisiwa ke setlhopha sa bobogelo sa Abbhivyaktee go tswa kwa Panaji (Goa). O kwadilwe le go kaelwa ke Saish Deshpande, motshameko ono o ne wa tlhotlhelediwa ke kgang ya ga Martin le motshameko wa ga Athol Fugard. Ka 2013, motshameko wa seromamowa - [https://omny.fm/shows/radioteater/draadwerk-deur-daleen-kruger DRAADWERK] ka Daleen Kruger o ne wa gololwa mo tirelong ya seroomamowa sa Seburu, [https://www.rsg.co.za/rsg/ RSG]. == Ditshwantsho == == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Merubisi mo botaking]] [[Karolo:Metlobo ya ditso kwa Eastern Cape]] [[Karolo:Karoo]] 3jgxhpkti4dnfjnsze8eoa4i8u7p5fu 0 15086 54984 2026-09-17T06:55:52Z Canana12 12484 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1307584146|Passive learning]]" 54984 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Vorlesung_Uni_Aachen.JPG|thumb| Holo ya go tlhatlhelela kwa yunibesithing kwa Aachen]] [[Setshwantsho:Womack_@_teach_in.png|thumb| Go tlhatlhelela kwa Yunibesithing ya Harvard]] [[Setshwantsho:School_classroom,_Tongbong_Cooperative_Farm_(14996466640).jpg|thumb| Phaposiborutelo mo polaseng ya tirisanommogo kwa Korea Bokone e e rulaganyeditsweng go ithuta fela]] '''Thuto e e sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo''' ke mokgwa wa go ruta o mo go ona baithuti ba amogelang tshedimosetso go tswa go morutabana le go e tsenya mo teng. Ke mokgwa "mo moithuti a sa amogeleng pegelo go tswa go morutabana". <ref name="HRQ">{{Cite journal |last=Michel |first=Norbert |last2=Cater |first2=John James |last3=Varela |first3=Otmar |date=2009 |title=Active versus passive teaching styles: An empirical study of student learning outcomes |url=http://www.units.miamioh.edu/celt/events/docs/CFLING/active%20vs%20passive.pdf |journal=Human Resource Development Quarterly |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=397–418 |doi=10.1002/hrdq.20025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701204253/http://www.units.miamioh.edu/celt/events/docs/CFLING/active%20vs%20passive.pdf |archive-date=2015-07-01}}</ref> Lereo le gantsi le dirisiwa mmogo le ''go ruta ka tlhamalalo'' le ''go tlhatlhelela'', mme go ithuta go go sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo e le ditlamorago kgotsa ditlamorago tse di ikaeletsweng tsa thuto. Mokgwa ono wa go ithuta o ikaegile ka morutabana mme o farologana le go ithuta ka matlhagatlhaga, e leng se se ikaegileng ka moithuti, mo baithuti ba tsayang karolo e e matlhagatlhaga kgotsa ya go tsaya karolo mo thulaganyong ya go ithuta, le mokgwa wa ga Socrates o mo go one baithuti le barutisi ba nnang le puisano ya tirisanommogo ya go ngangisana. Thuto e e sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo ke mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng o o dirisiwang mo dikolong tsa sekao tsa feketori le mo dikolong tsa segompieno, mmogo le mo ditirelong tsa bodumedi tsa hisetori le tsa segompieno mo dikerekeng (dithero), mo dimosekeng, le mo disinagogeng. Thuto e e sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo ga se fela ditlamorago tsa sekai sa thuto. Baithuti ba ba sa direng sepe ba ka nna ba amogela tshedimosetso le kitso ka tidimalo ntle le go dirisana ka tlwaelo le tshedimosetso e e amogetsweng kgotsa maitemogelo a go ithuta. Ba ka nna ba se ka ba dirisana le ba bangwe, ba abelana dintlha, kgotsa ba nna le seabe mo puisanong. Go fopholediwa gore diperesente di le 60 tsa batho ke baithuti ba ba sa direng sepe. == Thuto e e sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo kgatlhanong le thuto e e tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo == Katlego ya thuto ya setso le mekgwa ya thuto e e sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo e ntse e ngangisanwa nako e e rileng. <ref name="HRQ" /> Tshimologo ya segompieno ya thuto e e tswelelang pele, e e nang le go ithuta ka matlhagatlhaga jaaka karolo, e ka bonwa morago kwa ditirong tsa lekgolo la dingwaga la bo 18 tsa ga John Locke le Jean-Jacques Rousseau, bao ka bobedi ba itsegeng e le baeteledipele ba dikgopolo tse di neng di tla tlhamiwa ke borateori ba lekgolo la bo 20 la dingwaga jaaka John Dewey. Locke o kwadile gore "boammaaruri le kitso... di tlhagelela ka go ela tlhoko le maitemogelo go na le go dirisa dikgopolo tse di amogetsweng kgotsa tse di neetsweng". <ref name="Hayes">{{Cite book |last=Hayes |first=William |year=2006 |title=The progressive education movement: Is it still a factor in today's schools? |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Education}}</ref> === Mesola === Mesola ya thuto e e sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo e akaretsa: * Go kopana le dilo tse dišwa. * Taolo e kgolo ya morutisi mo phaposiborutelong, mo bareetsing, kgotsa mo baithuting. * Tšhono ya sebopego se se rulagantsweng le se se ngokang. * Go netefatsa tlaleletso ya serutwa kwa ntle ga tikologo ya go ithuta le lefelo la go ithuta. * Bokgoni jwa go tlhalosa dintlha tsa khoso. * Tlhagiso ya tshedimosetso e ntsi mo nakong e khutshwane. * Didiriswa tsa thuto (dintlha tsa thuto, dipampiri tsa go aba, bobegakgang jwa go utlwa le go bona, jj.) di ka baakanngwa go sa le gale. * Dikgopolo le diteng tse di botlhokwa di ka supiwa le go tlhagisiwa ka mokgwa o o rulagantsweng le o o nang le bokao. * Bokgoni jwa go tlhofofatsa puisano ya maemo a magolo. <ref name="cirtl">{{Cite web |title=Lecturing: Advantages and Disadvantages of the Traditional Lecture Method |url=http://www.cirtl.net/node/2570 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311181116/http://www.cirtl.net/node/2570 |archive-date=11 March 2014 |access-date=11 March 2014 |publisher=CIRTL Network}}</ref> Sebopego seno gape se ka letla go anamisiwa ga didirisiwa tse di iseng di gatisiwe kgotsa tse di leng teng bonolo. Teko e e sa rulaganngwang, e e laolwang e e bapisang thuto e e sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo (thuto ya metsotso e le 60) le thuto e e tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo (thuto ya metsotso e le 30 mmogo le ditirisano fa gare ga baithuti ba babedi ba le mmog) ga e a bontsha dipharologano dipe fa gare ga mekgwa e mebedi eno mo kitsong kgotsa mo maikutlong a baithuti. Le fa go ntse jalo, kgopolo ya go nna le seabe le diteng tse di neetsweng e ne e le kwa tlase mo setlhopheng sa go ithuta go go sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo. <ref name="Haidet">{{Cite journal |last=Haidet |first=P |last2=Morgan |first2=RO |last3=O'Malley |first3=K |last4=Moran |first4=BJ |last5=Richards |first5=BF |year=2004 |title=A controlled trial of active versus passive learning strategies in a large group setting |journal=Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=15–27 |doi=10.1023/B:AHSE.0000012213.62043.45 |pmid=14739758 |s2cid=6413794}}</ref> c1j2psjoq0s9n16d3mj372dqbs54p1m 0 15087 54986 2026-09-17T11:47:53Z Dades2318 12518 Ke kwadile article ka phaposi ya borutelo 54986 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Phoenix Magnet School, Alexandria, Louisiana.jpg|thumb|276x276px|Phaposi ya borutelo]] Phaposi ke lefelo le barutwana ba ithutelang mo go lone le moo barutabana ba rutelang mo go lone. Ke lefelo le le botlhokwa thata kwa dikolong gonne ke kwa thuto e diriwang teng. Phaposi etshwanetse gonna phepa, e arogangwe sentle e bile e nne le didiriswa tsedi tlhokegang go ruta bana.<ref>[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/classroom CLASSROOM | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary]</ref> Mo phaposing ya borutelo go na le ditulo le ditafole tsa barutwana, boto, tafole ya morutabana, le didiriswa tse dingwe tsa thuto. Matlhaba-phefo a thusa gore lesedi le phefo e tsene mo phaposing. Seno se dira gore barutwana ba nne mo lefekong le le siametseng go ithuta. <ref>[https://www.eslactivity.org/classroom-objects/ Classroom Objects Names in English with Pictures]</ref> Barutwana ba tshwanetse go tlotla barutabana le go dirisana sentle le bana ba bangwe mo phaposing. Ba tshwanetse go boloka phaposi e le phepha, go tlhokomela dithoto tsa sekolo le go se tlhodiyi mo phaposing.<ref>[https://www.splashlearn.com/blog/behavior-management-techniques-for-the-classroom/ 12 Best Behavior Management Techniques for the Classroom]</ref> Ka bokhutswane, phaposi ya borutelo e botlhokwa mo thutong ya bana. Re tshwanetse go e tlhokomela le go dira gore e nne lefelo le le phepa, le le sireletsegileng le le siametseng thuto.<ref>[https://www.caringforclassrooms.org/cgi/GCRCHomePage Caring For Classrooms]</ref> == Metswedi == ejin91em4eexx6ul6m5m67skcmx15n2