Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 9430 55069 48948 2026-09-19T16:21:04Z Atsile Edith 11759 55069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Cassper Nyovest|birthname=Refiloe Maele Phoolo|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=y|1990|12|16}}|birth_place=[[Mahikeng]], [[Bokone Bophirima]], [[Aforika Borwa]]|education=Kerata ya bosome (10)|occupation={{Plainlist| *Morepa *Mokwala-dipina *motlhaa-direkoto *Radikgwebo *Ramabole }}|partner=Pulane Mojaki <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/nyovests-new-chapter-cassper-gives-rare-glimpse-into-his-life-as-a-proudly-married-man-20240503 | title=Nyovest's new chapter: Cassper gives rare glimpse into his life as a 'proudly married' man }}</ref>|website={{URL|casspernyovest.com}}|module={{infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]|[[motswako]]|[[kwaito]]|[[amapiano]]}} | origin = [[Mahikeng, North-West Province]] | instrument = {{hlist|Vocals | [[Sampler (musical instrument)|sampler]] | [[drum machine]]}} | label = {{hlist|Impact Sounds (former) | alias = Abuti Fill Up |[[Family Tree Records]] | [[Def Jam Africa]] | [[Universal Music Group]]}} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| *[[Anatii]] *[[Gemini Major]] *Tshego *[[Nadia Nakai]] *[[Riky Rick]] *DJ Sumbody *[[Hip Hop Pantsula|HHP]] *[[Davido]] *[[Nasty C]] *[[Kwesta]] }}}}|module2={{infobox boxer | embed = yes | tsotlhe = 3 | phenyo = 2 | kgaa-tshoo = 0 | tatlhegelos = 1 | palelano = 0 }}|image=[[File:Cassper Nyovest Back to the City 2014.jpg|thumb|Cassper nyovest]]}} '''Refiloe Maele Phoolo''' o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1990, kgwedi ya Ngwanetsele a fitlha malsti a le lesome le borataro, o tumile ka leina la '''Casper Nyovest'''. ke rre wa seopedi go tswa lefatsheng la Afrika Borwa. Fa godimo ga moo ke mokwadi wa dipina, rre wa kgwebo., mogatise wa mmino, le motshameki wa mabole.<ref>"Trace Cassper Nyovest – Sports news, hip-hop, rnb, tropical and african music". Trace TV. Archived from the original on 1 April 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2014.</ref> Casper Nyovest o tsholetswe, a bo a golela kwa [[:en:North_West_(South_African_province)|bokoni bophirima]] jwa motse wa [[:en:Mahikeng|Mahikeng]], ke mongwe wa badiragatsi ba ba atlegileng kwa Afrika Borwa.<ref>"Cassper Nyovest biography". ''Cut FM''.</ref> K a ngwaga wa 2014, o ne a itshimololela letshwao la gagwe la kgatiso ebong [[:en:Family_Tree_Records|Family Tree Records]].<ref>[http://theplugmag.com/the-rise-of-family-tree-records/ "The Rise of Family Tree Records"]. ''The Plug Mag''. 10 April 2017.</ref> Nyovest one a tuma morago fa go ntsha kgobokanyo ya dipina ya gagwe ya ntlha, [[:en:Tsholofelo|''Tsholofelo'']] (2014). kgobokanyo e ya dipina, k yone ya go tlhagisa dipina tsa gagwe tse di tumileng "[[:en:Gusheshe|Gusheshe]]" le "Doc Shebeleza"<ref>"Album Review: Cassper Nyovest – Tsholofelo". ''Platform''. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.</ref> Ka katlego ya gagwe ya go rekisa dipampiri tsa teseletso ya go tsena tsa pontsho ya mmino ya gagwe, ''Fill Up the Dome'' ( ngwaga wa 2015) e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa [[:en:Ticketpro_Dome|Ticketpro Dome]] kwa [[:en:Johannesburg|Johannesburg]]<ref>"Cassper fills up the dome". ''eNCA''.</ref> Katlego ya tiragalo e ne ya dira gore Nyovest e nne le leina le le reng "Fill Up" go rulaganya pontsho tsa mmino tse di oketsegileng mo mabaleng a metshameko ngwaga le ngwaga, go akaretsa [[:en:Orlando_Stadium|Orlando Stadium]] (2016) le [[:en:FNB_Stadium|FNB Stadium]] (2017), gape ka bobedi kwa Johannesburg, [[:en:Moses_Mabhida_Stadium|Moses Mabhida Stadium]] (2018) kwa [[:en:Durban|Durban]], le [[:en:Royal_Bafokeng_Stadium|Royal Bafokeng Stadium]] (2019) kwa [[:en:North_West_(South_African_province)|Bokoni bophirima]]<ref>https://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/news/cassper-nyovest-gets-set-to-fill-up-moses-mabhida-17748986</ref> Nyovest o ne a golola kgobokanyo ya gagwe ya dipina ya lefelo la kgatiso ya dipina [[wiktionary:eponym|e e ipitsang]] ''Refiloe'' ka nako ya pontsho ya gagwe ya mmino e e bidiwang ''Fill Up The Dome'' ka kgwedi ya Phalane w tlhola malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2015. Kgobokanyo e ya dipina e ne e dirilwe mmogo le baopedi ba le mmalwa, go akaretsa [[:en:The_Game_(rapper)|The Game]], [[:en:DJ_Drama|DJ Drama]], [[:en:Stonebwoy|Stonebwoy]] le [[:en:Casey_Veggies|Casey Veggies]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151017124508/http://connect.citizen.co.za/26224/cassper-nyovest-drops-refiloe-track-list/ "Cassper Nyovest drops 'Refiloe' track-list".] ''Connect''. Archived from [http://connect.citizen.co.za/26224/cassper-nyovest-drops-refiloe-track-list/ the original] on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.</ref> O ne a tswelela ka katlego e ka kgobokanyo ya gagwe ya boraro ya dipina ya studio e e neng ya amogelwa sentle ke batshwayadikgang, [[:en:Thuto|Thuto]] (2018), le kgobokanyo ya gagwe ya bonè ya dipina ya legelo la kgatiso ya dipina e e neng e ikaegile thata ka [[:en:Kwaito|Kwaito]], ''Sweet and Short'' (2019). == Botshelo jwa pele == > Ke ne ka bolelela batsadi ba me gore nka itlhophela go latelela toro ya me, e ke dumelang gore e tla atlega. > Cassper Nyovest, a bua ka loeto lwa gagwe lwa go tlogela sekolo Refiloe Maele Phoolo o ne a tsholwa ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borataro, ka ngwaga wa 1990 kwa [[:en:Mafikeng|Mafikeng]], e leng karolo ya [[:en:North_West_(South_African_province)|Bokone Bophirima]], ke Muzuki le Letsebela Phoolo. Nyovest o na le kgaitsadie yo o bidiwang Tsholofelo Phoolo;morwarrabone yo o tlhokafetseng, Khotso Phoolo, o ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 2003.<ref>[https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/cassper-nyovest-south-african-hip-hop-artist-born "Cassper Nyovest, the South African Hip Hop artist is born"]. ''South African History''.</ref><ref>[https://ewn.co.za/2015/11/02/Ten-trivia-about-your-boy-Cassper-Nyovest "10 things you didn't know about Cassper Nyovest"]. ''EWN''.</ref> Nyovest o ne a tsena Sekolo sa Bogare sa Sol Plaatjie, kwa a neng a le motshameki wa metshameko e e farologaneng, mme a simolola go dira mmino wa go bua ka morethetho a na le dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi.<ref>"[https://zalebs.com/whats-hot/things-you-didnt-know-about-cassper-nyovest/ Cassper Nyovest]". ''ZAlebs''.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, Nyovest o ne a palelwa ke ditlhatlhobo tsa Mophato wa lesome. Seo se ne sa dira gore a fudugele kwa ntlong ya ga nkokoagwe kwa [[:en:Potchefstroom|Potchefstroom]]. Morago ga moo, ka ngwaga wa 2007, o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya go tlogela sekolo se segolo semmuso a na le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro.<ref>[https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2015-09-11-cassper-nyovest-talks-dropping-out-of-school-discovering-self-video/ "Cassper Nyovest talks dropping out of school, discovering self (VIDEO)".] ''The Sowetan''.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2008, Nyovest o ne a fudugela kwa Johannesburg go latelela tiro ya kopelo e le moopedi wa mmino wa go bua ka morethetho le motlhagisi wa mmino. O ne a fuduga morago ga go bolelela batsadi ba gagwe gore a ka rata go latelela ditoro tsa gagwe, tse a neng a dumela gore di ne di ka kgonega, go na le go tsaya tsela e e neng e bonala e babalesegile mme a bo a ikwatlhaela tshwetso eo botshelo jotlhe.<ref>[https://www.coke.co.za/cokestudio/profile/profile_cassper-nyovest/ "Who is Cassper Nyovest?"]. ''Coke''.</ref> == Tiro ya mmino == Ngwaga wa 2004 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2014: Tshimologo le ''Tsholofelo'' ''Setlhogo se segolo: [[:en:Tsholofelo|Tsholofelo]]'' Ka ngwaga wa 2004, a na le dingwaga di le lesome le boraro fela, Nyovest o ne a tlhoma setlhopha sa mmino wa [[:en:Hip_hop_music|hip hop]] se se bidiwang ''Childhood Gangsta'' le ditsala tsa gagwe. Morago ga moo o ne a tlogela setlhopha seo mme a tsena mo setlhopheng sa gagwe se se latelang, ''Slow Motion'', se se neng se na le maloko a le borobabobedi, go akaretsa motlhagisi wa mmino Aashish Gangaram wa Ganja Beatz.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130804050614/http://bigbrotherafrica.dstv.com/News/17675/Press-Release-Cassper-Nyovest-brings-the-beats "Cassper Nyovest brings the beats".] DStv. Archived from [http://bigbrotherafrica.dstv.com/News/17675/Press-Release-Cassper-Nyovest-brings-the-beats the original] on 4 August 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</ref> Fa a na le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro, morago ga go tlogela sekolo, Nyovest o ne a ikanisa tumalano le kompone ya dikgatiso tsa mmino ya [[:en:Motswako|motswako]] e e bidiwang Impact Sounds, e le yone e neng e saenetse baopedi ba ba jaaka [[:en:Tuks_Senganga|Tuks Senganga]] le Morafe ka ngwaga wa 2006.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140714210312/http://www.maftownheights.co.za/2013/index.php/2013-11-27-02-10-45/lection?id=10 "Maftown Heights 2013".] Maftown Heights. 27 November 2013. Archived from [http://www.maftownheights.co.za/2013/index.php/2013-11-27-02-10-45/lection?id=10 the original] on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2014.</ref> Kamano magareng ga Nyovest le Impact Sounds e ne ya felela e sa tsamaye sentle ka ntlha ya dipharologano tsa boitlhamedi.<ref>"[https://buzzsouthafrica.com/cassper-nyovest-things-you-didnt-know/ Cassper Nyovest Bio]". ''Buzz South Africa''. 6 February 2017.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2008, matlhakore oomabedi a ne a kgaogana, mme Nyovest a nna moopedi yo o ikemetseng. Nyovest o ne a boela kwa gae mme a simolla kompone ya gagwe ya dikgatiso tsa mmino.<ref>[https://briefly.co.za/20906-16-december-the-day-sa-gifted-musical-genius-cassper-nyovest.html "16 December: The day SA was gifted the musical genius, Cassper Nyovest"]. ''Briefly''. 16 December 2018.</ref> Pele a simolla kompone ya gagwe, o ne a lemogiwa ke moopedi wa mmino wa go bua ka morethetho yo o tlhokafetseng, [[:en:Hip_Hop_Pantsula|Hip Hop Pantsula]], fa a ne a diragatsa mmino yo neng a tsenya Nyovest mo pineng ya gagwe e e bidiwang "Wamo Tseba Mtho".<ref>[https://www.okayafrica.com/cassper-nyovest-first-hhp-collaboration/ "Cassper Nyovest Shares The Story of How First Collaboration With HHP Came About".]</ref> Nyovest o ne a golola pina ya gagwe ya ntlha e e bidiwang [[:en:Gusheshe|Gusheshe]], e a neng a e opela mmogo le [[:en:Okmalumkoolkat|Okmalumkoolkat]], ka ngwaga wa 2013.<ref>[https://www.okayafrica.com/south-africa-music-gusheshe-cassper-nyovest-okmalumkoolkat/ "Watch Cassper Nyovest 'Gusheshe' featuring Okmalumkoolkat".] ''OkayAfrica''.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, o ne a simolla kompone ya gagwe ya dikgatiso tsa mmino e e bidiwang [[:en:Family_Tree_Records|Family Tree Records]].<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/label/969983-Family-Tree-Records-5 "Family Tree Records (5)"]. discogs.</ref> Pina ya gagwe ya bobedi, Doc Shebeleza, e ne ya gololwa mo go one ngwaga oo, mme ya tewa leina la moopedi wa [[:en:Kwaito|kwaito]] [[:en:Doc_Shebelezahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doc_Shebeleza|Doc Shebeleza]].<ref>[http://www.mtv.co.za/news/doc-shebeleza-goes-platinum/wn5jrn "Doc Shebeleza Goes Platinum"]. MTV.</ref> Pina eno e ne ya amogelwa sentle ke batho, mme baopedi ba ba tumileng, ba ba jaaka [[:en:Yvonne_Chaka_Chaka|Yvonne Chaka Chaka]], ba ne ba e akgola.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141015122514/http://thejuice.co.za/top-stories/cassper-gets-love-from-yvonne-chaka-chaka/ "Cassper gets love from Yvonne Chaka Chaka".] The Juice. 7 July 2014. Archived from [http://thejuice.co.za/top-stories/cassper-gets-love-from-yvonne-chaka-chaka/ the original] on 15 October 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2014.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borobedi, ka ngwaga wa 2014, Nyovest o ne a golola kgobokanyo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya dipina e e bidiwang [[:en:Tsholofelo|''Tsholofelo'']], e e neng e teetswe leina la ga kgaitsadie.<ref>"[https://www.news24.com/You/Archive/casspers-new-album-title-is-all-in-a-name-20170728 Cassper's new album title is all in the name".] ''News24''.</ref> Kgobokanyo eno ya dipina e ne ya atlega thata, mme ya nna mo maemong a ntlha mo lenaneong la dikgobokanyo tsa dipina tsa [[:en:ITunes|iTunes]] SA, e leng la Aforika Borwa, ka dikgwedi tse pedi tse di latelanang, Phukwi le Phatwe 2014. Ka kgwedi ya Phalane 2014,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190327180534/http://pltfrm.co.za/album-review-cassper-nyovest-tsholofelo/ "Album Review: Cassper Nyovest – Tsholofelo"]. ''Plartform''. Archived from [http://pltfrm.co.za/album-review-cassper-nyovest-tsholofelo/ the original] on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.</ref> Nyovest o ne a bewa mo maemong a ntlha e le moopedi yo o neng a le kwa godimo mo lenaneong la [[:en:MTV_Base_(African_TV_channel)|MTV Base]] le le bidiwang The Hottest MC in Africa, mme mo go one ngwaga oo a bewa mo maemong a bobedi mo lenaneong la [[:en:MTV_Base:_SA's_Hottest_MCs#2014|MTV SA's Hottest MCs.]]<ref>[https://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/KO-crowned-2014s-hottest-MC-20150429 "K.O crowned 2014's hottest MC"]. ''News24''.</ref> == Metswedi == 0bi7q3c3p0p22e0hy9xlym0gvcxtj6d 0 9549 55104 54788 2026-09-20T07:07:29Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Keira Walsh|image=Brann - Barça Femení CG3A7183 (cropped).jpg|caption=Walsh with [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] in 2024|full_name=Keira Fae Walsh|birth_date={{birth date and age|1997|4|8|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Rochdale]], England<ref>{{cite web|title=Women's World Cup 2019: Mapping England's Lionesses squad|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-48801235|website=BBC Sport |access-date=6 September 2019|date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=2 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702013126/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-48801235 |url-status=live}}</ref>|height={{convert|1.67|m|order=flip}}<ref name="fifa">{{cite web|title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ List of Players – England|url=https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWWC/2019/pdf/FWWC_2019_SQUADLISTS.PDF|publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=27 May 2019|page=8|date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527124414/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWWC/2019/pdf/FWWC_2019_SQUADLISTS.PDF|archive-date=27 May 2019}}</ref>|position=[[Midfielder]]|currentclub=[[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]|clubnumber=21|youthclubs1=[[Blackburn Rovers L.F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]|clubs1=[[Blackburn Rovers L.F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]|youthyears1=2008–2014|years1=2014|caps1=9|goals1=3|years2=2014–2022|caps2=118|clubs2=[[Manchester City W.F.C.|Manchester City]]|goals2=6|clubs3=[[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]|years3=2022–|caps3=48|goals3=2|nationalteam1=England U15|nationalyears1=2009–2011|nationalcaps1=4|nationalgoals1=0|nationalteam2=[[England women's national under-17 football team|England U17]]|nationalyears2=2012–2013|nationalgoals2=2|nationalteam3=[[England women's national under-19 football team|England U19]]|nationalyears3=2014–2016|nationalcaps3=9|nationalgoals3=0|nationalteam4=[[England women's national under-20 football team|England U20]]|nationalcaps4=0|nationalgoals4=0|nationalteam5=[[England women's national under-23 football team|England U23]]|nationalyears5=2017|nationalcaps5=4|nationalgoals5=0|medaltemplates={{Medal|Sport|Women's [[Association football|football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fbw|ENG}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[UEFA Women's Championship]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[UEFA Women's Euro 2022|2022 England]]|}} {{Medal|Competition|[[Women's Finalissima|UEFA–CONMEBOL Finalissima]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2023 Women's Finalissima|2023 England]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup|2023 Australia and New Zealand]]|}}|nationalteam6=[[England women's national football team|England]]|nationalyears6=2017–|nationalcaps6=74|nationalgoals6=0|nationalteam7=[[Great Britain women's national football team|Great Britain]]|nationalyears7=2021|nationalcaps7=3|nationalgoals7=0|nationalteam-update=23:05, 31 May 2024 (UTC)|club-update=05:10, 19 May 2024 (UTC)|nationalcaps2=9|nationalyears4=2016}} '''Keira Fae Walsh''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Moranang wa 1997 a ferabongwe) ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao e e porofeshionale wa moesemane yo o tshamekang fagare ko setlhopheng sa Liga F sa [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] le setlhopha sa setshaba sa Enyelane sa bomme. O tsewa jaaka motshamekisi le motshamekagare wa tshireletso. O tshwameketse Blackburn Rovers le Manchester City, le Great Britain kwa diOlimpiking. Kwa Manchester City o nnile kwa godimo ga Women's Super League ka 2016; a fenya FA cup ga raro; mme a fenya League Cup gane, a fenya kopi tse pedi tsa mo gae. Kwa barcelona o fentse liki, Supercopa, le Champions League gabedi, le Copa de la Reina gangwe; go akaretsa le go fenya kopi tse nne mo kontinenteng. E ne ele leloko la setlhopha sa Enyelane se se neng sa fenya Euro 2022 mme a bidiwa motshameki wa motshameko kwa makgaolakgannyeng. Walsh e ne ya nna motshameki wa gale wa setlhopha sa ntlha sa City e le mosha ka letsholo la 2014 a tshameka seabe sa botlhokwa mo go thuseng setlhopha go iponna League Cup ya bone ya ntlha.<ref>Hudson, Molly. "[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/why-england-depend-on-the-manchester-city-academy-wpj5c7kwp Why England depend on the Manchester City academy]". ''[[:en:The_Times|The Times]]''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [[issn:0140-0460|0140-0460]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220525122329/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/why-england-depend-on-the-manchester-city-academy-wpj5c7kwp Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022.</ref> O ntse le setlhopha seo ditlha tse di ferangbongwe (mo dingwageng tse ferangbobedi), a kapotena ka nakwana gantsinyana, ka Mopitlo wa 2022 a nna motshameki wa bobedi go goroga kwa iponagatsong tse makgolo a mabedi wa bone; fa a tsamaya a ya Barcelona moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, o ne a pataganetse rekote ya City ya iponagatso a bo a baya rekote ya motshameki wa tlhwatlhwa ya lefatshe ya motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao ya bomme. O emetse Enyelane mo ditlhopheng tsa dingwaga go tswa a le dingwaga tse lesome le bobedi, a thusa setlhopha sa under-17 go tsaa maemo a bobedi kwa U17 Euro ya 2014 ebile a bitswa kwa setlhopheng sa kgaisano. O ne a dira tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya setlhopha se segolo kwa metshamekong ya go ipatlela phatlha kwa sejaneng sa lefatshe sa bomme sa FIFA sa 2019 mme a simolola e le mokapotene mo motshamekong ngwaga moragonyana. Le Enyelane o tshamekile dikgaisano tse dikgolo di le tharo: sejana sa lefatshe sa 2019 ko ba feletseng mo maemong a bone, Euro ya 2022 e ba e fentseng, le sejana sa lefatshe sa 2023 e ba feditse mo maemong a bobedi. Le Great Britain o gaisane kwa Olympics tsa selemo sa 2020. O ne a bitswa kwa setlhopheng sa kgaisano kwa Euro ya 2022 ebile o tsewa e le mongwe wa batshamekagare ba ba gaisang mo lefatsheng. == Dingwaga tsa pele == [[Setshwantsho:Keira Walsh (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keira Walsh le manchester city]] Keira Fae Walsh o tshotswe ka Moranang a le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 1997<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190527124414/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWWC/2019/pdf/FWWC_2019_SQUADLISTS.PDF FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ List of Players – England]" (PDF). [[:en:FIFA|FIFA]]. 27 May 2019. p. 8. Archived from [https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWWC/2019/pdf/FWWC_2019_SQUADLISTS.PDF the original] (PDF) on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.</ref> kwa Rochdale e le ngwana wa ga Peter le Tracy Walsh mme a godisediwa go bapa le Pennines kwa Syke, toropo e e kwa tlhoko ya selegae.<ref name=":0">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLnCG47N9xw Nike & i-D Meet Keira Walsh to Reflect on Her Journey to UEFA Women's Euro 2022 | i-D Hometown (Video)]. [[:en:I-D|i-D]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220903054326/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLnCG47N9xw&gl=US&hl=en Archived] from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022 – via YouTube. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20220903131801/https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/7k89da/midfielder-keira-walsh-euro-2022-nike Midfielder Keira Walsh reflects on her road to the UEFA Women's Euro 2022]". i-D. 12 July 2022. Archived from [https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/7k89da/midfielder-keira-walsh-euro-2022-nike the original] on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.</ref><ref name=":1">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20221007084656/https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2022/Sep/06/keira-walsh-grassroots-story-20220906 Keira Walsh's grassroots story]". ''England Football''. 6 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.</ref> Koo o ne a ikatisetsa kgwele ya dinao le rraagwe mo lefelong go kgabaganya ntlo ya bone go tswa a le dingwaga tse tlhano.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">Oatway, Caroline (2021). "[https://www.mancity.com/features/keira-walsh Keira Walsh: A dream in my heart]". ''Man City''. Retrieved 3 September 2022.</ref> O tshamekile mo ditlhopheng tsa basimane tsa mo gae tsa Pearson Juniors under-7, go tswa foo a ya Samba Stars<ref name=":3">"[http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/keira-chosen-for-england-squad-935269 Keira chosen for England squad]". Manchester Evening News. 21 November 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170902230132/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/keira-chosen-for-england-squad-935269 Archived] from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 2 September 2017.</ref> –tsotlhe di ne di katisiwa ke rraagwe tsala ya gagwe ya kwa sekolong se se botlana, yo o neng a nna a mo tsaya<ref name=":1" /> – go fitlhelela a nna dingwaga tse lesome le motso.<ref>Callow, James (28 January 2014). "[http://www.thefa.com/news/2014/jan/28/walsh-hails-fa-tesco-skills-programme Keira Walsh: FA Tesco Skills realised my football dreams]". The FA. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190623055116/http://www.thefa.com/news/2014/jan/28/walsh-hails-fa-tesco-skills-programme Archived] from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2017.</ref> Walsh o tsene kwa Haslingden High School le Bacup and Rawtenstall Grammar School Sixth Form, tsotlhe di le kwa Rossendale;<ref>Macdonald, Robbie (22 August 2022). "[https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/20682003.keira-walsh-lionesses-man-city-star-praised-role-model/ Keira Walsh: Lionesses and Man City star praised as role model]". ''Lancashire Telegraph''. Retrieved 16 December 2022</ref> Haslingden High School e ne e na le setlhopha sa basetsana sa kgwele ya dinao mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tse Walsh a di tshameketseng.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a ya Manchester City, se tlhopha se ene le ba lelwapa la gagwe ba se rotloetsang, ka Phukwi wa 2014,<ref>Molloy, Thomas (31 July 2022). "[https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/uk-sport-news/who-keira-walsh-ella-toone-24624914 The Lionesses from Greater Manchester just 90 minutes from Euro 2022 glory]". [https://web.archive.org/web/20220731174023/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/uk-sport-news/who-keira-walsh-ella-toone-24624914 Archived] from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.</ref> fa a le dingwaga tse lesome le bosupa; City e ne ya mo romela kwa St Bede's college kwa Manchester go feleletsa A-levels tsa gagwe a ntse a ikatisa le go ba tshamekela.<ref name=":2" /> Motshameki ka ene wa bokamoso Georgia Stanway le ene o ne a taa tsena kwa St Bede's.<ref>Slater, Chris (19 August 2023). "[https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/teachers-who-inspired-greater-manchester-27548189 The teachers who inspired the Lioness stars to World Cup glory]". ''Manchester Evening News''. Retrieved 19 August 2023.</ref> Morotloetsi wa Manchester City wa popotla, Walsh o ne a tlhotlheletswa ke kgwele ya dinao ya Spain fa a sale monnye,<ref name=":4">Taylor, Louise (23 July 2022). "'[https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/jul/23/some-girls-spend-time-on-hair-and-makeup-but-im-here-to-play-football The best football brain': England's Keira Walsh is here to play]". ''The Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220903131811/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/jul/23/some-girls-spend-time-on-hair-and-makeup-but-im-here-to-play-football Archived] from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.</ref> ka ntlha e nngwe go dira ke go nna le masika kwa Spain le go tshameka kwa lefatsheng leo ga a ba etetse,<ref name=":5">Cox, Michael. "[https://theathletic.com/3553311/2022/09/02/england-keira-walsh-euro-final-analysis/ My Euro 2022 final in my words. By England's midfield star Keira Walsh]". ''The Athletic''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220903131801/https://theathletic.com/3553311/2022/09/02/england-keira-walsh-euro-final-analysis/ Archived] from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.</ref> le gape ka gore rraagwe o ne a mo rotloetsa go lebelela Barcelona e tshameka.<ref>Harpur, Charlotte; Garrick, Omar (18 July 2022). "[https://theathletic.com/news/keira-walsh-england-spain/Groewk9ksYmr/ Walsh says Wiegman gives confidence to play forward-thinking football]". ''The Athletic''. Retrieved 25 December 2022.</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>Irigoyen, Juan I. (19 October 2022). "[https://elpais.com/deportes/2022-10-19/keira-walsh-mi-padre-me-ponia-videos-de-guardiola.html Keira Walsh: "Mi padre me ponía vídeos de Guardiola]"". ''El País'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 October 2022.</ref> Gape o rotloeditse Arsenal ka sebakanyana ka go bane e ne e le morotloetsi wa ga Cesc Fàbregas go fitlhelela a bona David Silva, motshameki yo a mo ratang thata kwa City.<ref name=":4" /><ref>Oatway, Caroline. "[https://www.mancity.com/news/womens/keira-walsh-david-silva-63720655 Walsh: I model my game on David Silva]". ''Man City''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220903131801/https://www.mancity.com/news/womens/keira-walsh-david-silva-63720655 Archived] from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Brann - Barça Femení CG3A5900.jpg|left|thumb|Walsh a ipaakanya pele ga Champions League ka Mopitlo 2024]] [[Setshwantsho:Keira Walsh & Tobin Heath (32348431907).jpg|thumb|Walsh (molema) le Tobin Heath kwa England v United States ka 2019]] [[Setshwantsho:England Women's World Cup 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Walsh le England kwa 2019 World Cup]] Ka 2008, a le dingwaga tse lesome le motso, Walsh a bidiwa motshameki yo monnye wa ngwaga wa Greater Manchester.<ref name=":6">"[http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/other-sport/celebrating-sport-uniting-the-community-910068 Celebrating sport uniting the community]". ''Manchester Evening News''. 20 April 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2022.</ref> Tlotla e e ne e remeletse mo dikatlegong tsa gagwe kwa badminton: o ne a le mo maemong a ntlha mo lefatsheng mo badminton ya ba under-13 fa gare ga 2007 le 2009,<ref name=":3" /><ref>"[https://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/news-features/4/sport-news/394/2008-sport-for-all-awards-evening 2008 Sport For All Awards Evening]". ''Rochdale Online''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220903221740/https://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/news-features/4/sport-news/394/2008-sport-for-all-awards-evening Archived] from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.</ref> a ne a simolotse motshameko o o a le dingwaga di ferabongwe<ref>"[http://rochdaleonline.co.uk/news-features/4/sport-news/33565/badminton-champions Badminton champions]". ''Rochdale Online''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220903152907/http://rochdaleonline.co.uk/news-features/4/sport-news/33565/badminton-champions Archived] from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.</ref> abo a emela Rochdale mo go sone.<ref name=":6" /> O ne a e tlhalosa e le motshameko wa gagwe wa bobedi mme e sale ka 2022 o ne a tshameka badminton fa setlha sa kgwele ya dinao se ikhuditse e le tsela ya go nna a itekanetse<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=jbZhEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA63 Match Annual 2023]''. [[:en:Pan_Macmillan|Pan Macmillan]]. 29 September 2022. p. 63. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-5290-1550-8|978-1-5290-1550-8]]</bdi>.</ref> O tsere karolo mo metshamekong ya banana ka bontsinyana: ka 2008 o ne a tshameka cricket le Lancashire, a emela Rochdale mo go thumeng le bolotloa, mme gape a tshameka kgwele ya dinao le Blackburn Rovers Girls' Centre of Excellence.<ref name=":6" /> Batshameki ba Blackburn Rovers ba le lesome le motso ba ne ba akarediwa mo setlhopheng sa kgwele ya dinao sa basetsana sa Lancashire Schoolgirls ka 2013, Walsh a le mo teng.<ref>"[https://www.rovers.co.uk/news/2013/january/rovers-xi-receive-county-call-ups/ Rovers XI receive county call-ups]". ''Blackburn Rovers FC''. 12 January 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2022.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20231003172317/https://schoolsfootball.org/2022/08/01/record-numbers-of-schoolgirls-are-registered-and-ready-to-be-inspired-by-the-lionesses/ Record numbers of schoolgirls are registered and ready to be inspired by the Lionesses]". ''English Schools' Football Association''. 1 August 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.</ref> O ba tshameketse ka 2012 le 2013 mo Northern Counties Championship le English Schools' Football Association (ESFA) County Club. Mo dingwageng ka bobedi ba ne ba fenya Northern Championship mme ba tsaya maemo a bobedi mo ESFA Cup.<ref>Timberlake, Mike (27 June 2012). "[https://www.lancashireschoolsfa.org.uk/index.php?page=lsfa-report-2011-12-2 Lancashire Schools Football Association - LSFA Report 2011-12]". ''Lancashire Schools' FA''.</ref><ref>Timberlake, Mike (20 June 2013). "[https://www.lancashireschoolsfa.org.uk/index.php?page=lsfa-report-2012-13-archived Lancashire Schools Football Association - LSFA Report 2012-13]". ''Lancashire Schools' FA''. Retrieved 28 March 2023.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20150418124206/http://esfa.co.uk/competitions/?2012/girls/u16g_ict/3 English Schools' Football Association (ESFA) Girls Under-16 Inter-County Trophy 2012-2013 Round 3 (Final)]". ''English Schools' Football Association''. 28 October 2013. [http://esfa.co.uk/competitions/?2012/girls/u16g_ict/3 Archived] from the original on 18 April 2015.</ref> == Metswedi == 6f3xusxbvpz1fc98e33a5x2qt7mr9dh 0 9752 55094 52030 2026-09-20T05:12:07Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Georgia Stanway|image=|caption=|full_name=Georgia Marie Stanway<ref name="fifa" />|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1999|1|03}}|birth_place=[[Barrow-in-Furness]], England|height={{convert|1.64|m|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fcbayern.com/frauen/de/teams/1.-mannschaft/georgia-stanway |title=Georgia Stanway |publisher=FC Bayern Munich |access-date=4 July 2023 }}</ref>|position=[[Midfielder]]|currentclub=[[FC Bayern Munich (women)|Bayern Munich]]|clubnumber=31|youthclubs1=[[Blackburn Rovers L.F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]|youthyears1=–2015|clubs1=[[Blackburn Rovers L.F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]|years1=2015|caps1=5|goals1=6|clubs2=[[Manchester City W.F.C.|Manchester City]]|years2=2015–2022|caps2=109|goals2=39|clubs3=[[FC Bayern Munich (women)|Bayern Munich]]|years3=2022–2026|caps3=42|goals3=12|medaltemplates={{Medal|Sport|Women's [[Association football|football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fbw|ENG}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[UEFA Women's Championship]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[UEFA Women's Euro 2022|2022 England]]|}} {{Medal|Competition|[[Women's Finalissima|UEFA–CONMEBOL Finalissima]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2023 Women's Finalissima|2023 England]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup|2023 Australia and New Zealand]]|}} {{Medal|Competition|[[FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|3rd|[[2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup|2018 France]]|}}|nationalteam-update=22:00, 4 June 2024 (UTC)|club-update=11:40, 21 May 2024 (UTC)<ref name=Soccerway>{{cite web|url=http://uk.women.soccerway.com/players/georgia-stanway/387555/|publisher=Soccerway|access-date=4 November 2017|title=Georgia Stanway profile|archive-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119101908/https://uk.women.soccerway.com/players/georgia-stanway/387555/|url-status=dead}}</ref>|nationalteam1=[[England women's national under-15 football team|England U15]]|nationalyears1=2012–2014|nationalcaps1=1|nationalgoals1=0|nationalteam2=England U15 Schoolgirls<ref name=BDC14Matches/>|nationalyears2=2014|nationalcaps2=3|nationalgoals2=3|nationalteam3=[[England women's national under-17 football team|England U17]]|nationalyears3=2014–2016|nationalcaps3=27|nationalgoals3=23|nationalteam4=[[England women's national under-19 football team|England U19]]|nationalyears4=2017–2018|nationalcaps4=7|nationalgoals4=6|nationalteam5=[[England women's national under-20 football team|England U20]]|nationalyears5=2018–2019|nationalcaps5=7|nationalgoals5=6}} '''Georgia Marie Stanway''' (yo o tshotsweng Firikgong a tlhola malatsi a mararo ka 1999) ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao e e porofeshionale wa kwa Enyelane yo o tshamekang fa gare a tlhasela mo setlhopheng sa Frauen-Bundesliga sa [[FC Bayern Munich (bomme)|Bayern Munich]] le setlhopha sa setshaba sa Enyelane. Stanway o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya setlhopha se segolo kwa Blackburn Rovers pele a ya kwa Manchester City abo a fenya bosimega ja WSL ka 2016, ga mmogo le FA Cup ga raro le League Cup. Mo setlheng sa gagwe le Bayern ba ne ba fenya Frauen-Bundesliga. Stanway gape o emetse Enyelane kwa maemong a bonana ka go farologana, go akaretsa le go kapotena setlhopha sa U17 pele ga a bona tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha le setlhopha se segolo ka 2018. Stanway o ne a nopolwa mo BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year ka 2016 le motshameki yo monnye wa ngwaga wa mme wa PFA ka 2017.<ref>"[https://www.thepfa.com/news/2017/4/13/womens-pfa-young-player-of-the-year Women's PFA Young Player of the Year 2017 in association with Sodexo]". The PFA. 13 April 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.</ref> Ka Seetebosigo wa 2018, o ne a bidiwa kwa setlhopheng sa setlha sa UEFA Women's Champions League mme ka 2019 a fenya motshameki yo monnye wa ngwaga wa mme wa PFA. Le Enyelane Stanway ke mofenyi wa 2022 Euro, a nosa kgatlhanong le Norway le Spain mo kgaisanong eo, o fentse Arnold Clark Cup gabedi ga mmogo le maemo a bobedi kwa sejaneng sa lefatshe sa 2023. == Dingwaga tsa pele == Georgia Marie Stanway o tshotswe ka Firikgong a le gararo ka 1999 kwa Barrow-in-Furness, kwa Cumbria,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190527124414/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWWC/2019/pdf/FWWC_2019_SQUADLISTS.PDF FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ List of Players – England]" (PDF). [[:en:FIFA|FIFA]]. 27 May 2019. p. 8. Archived from [https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWWC/2019/pdf/FWWC_2019_SQUADLISTS.PDF the original] (PDF) on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.</ref> mongwe wa bana ba motho ba le bane a na le bokgaitsadie ba le bararo, ba akaretsa Wyll Stanway. O simolotse go tshameka kgwele ya dinao a le monnye, ka e ne e le se bokgaitsadie ba neng ba se dira, mme fa a le dingwaga tse tharo o ne a ikatisa le bone kwa setlhopheng sa under-7, a bua gore ka dingwaga tseo o ne a sa itse gore o dirang, ke ne ke itlhagela kgwele fela mme ke e rata.<ref name=":0">Chabo, Elena. "[https://www.stylist.co.uk/people/georgia-stanway-interview-manchester-city-england-forward-womens-football-team-sport/260621 Georgia Stanway talks teamwork, mindfulness, and the future of women's football]". ''Stylist''. No. 460. Retrieved 27 May 2019.</ref> O ne a tswelela a tshameka kwa setlhopheng sa basimane go fitlhela a nna dingwaga tse lesome le boraro;<ref name=":0" /> ka 2022, mo karolong ya letsholo la "Where Greatness Is Made" letlapa le le neng le tlotla Stanway le ne la bewa kwa Furness Rovers.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230402021108/https://www.90min.com/posts/england-euro-2022-winners-honoured-gold-plaques-local-football-clubs England's Euro 2022 winners honoured with gold plaques at local football clubs]". ''90min''. 22 September 2022. Retrieved 2 April 2023.</ref> Ga mmogo le kgwele ya dinao, Stanway o ne a tshameka kirikete mmogo le bokgaitsadie, mme a emela Cumbria kwa county cricket kwa maemong a under-13 le under-17.<ref name=":1">"[https://stats.acscricket.com/Archive/Players/1107/1107523/1107523.html Georgia Stanway]". ''[[:en:The_Association_of_Cricket_Statisticians_and_Historians|The Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians]]''. Retrieved 16 February 2024.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:20171004 UWCL SKN-MCW StPoelten Georgia Stanway 850 1317.jpg|left|thumb|Stanway a tshamekela Manchester City ka 2017–18 Champions League]] [[Setshwantsho:England Women 0 New Zealand Women 1 01 06 2019-1025 (47986453172).jpg|thumb|Stanway a tshamekela England]] Gape o emetse Cumbria mo khgweleng ya dinao, a tshamekela Cumbria Schoolgirls mo dikgaisanong tsa English Schools' Football Association kwa maemong a dikgaolo ka 2013 le 2014; le fa setlhopha sa county se ne sa latlhegelwa metshameko yotlhe ya sone, Stanway o ne a tlhophiwa go ya kwa setlhopheng sa boditshabatshaba se se neng se le sesha go tlhamiwa sa England Schoolgirls under-15 se se ileng sa fenya Bob Docherty Cup ka 2014.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20161114075751/http://www.northerncountiessfa.org.uk/index.php?page=2012-13 Northern Counties Schools Football Association – Season 2012–2013]". ''Northern Counties FA''. June 2013. Archived from [http://www.northerncountiessfa.org.uk/index.php?page=2012-13 the original] on 14 November 2016.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20161114071342/http://www.northerncountiessfa.org.uk/index.php?page=2013-14 Northern Counties Schools Football Association – Season 2013–2014]". ''Northern Counties FA''. June 2014. Archived from [http://www.northerncountiessfa.org.uk/index.php?page=2013-14 the original] on 14 November 2016.</ref> O ne e le ene motshameki fela go nosa mo metshamekong yotlhe.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230517175305/https://schoolsfootball.org/international-squads/u15-girls-historical-performances/esfa-u15-schoolgirls-historical-fixtures-results/season-13-14-u15-girls/ Schools Football U15 Girls Results Season 13/14]". ''English Schools' Football Association''. 22 August 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2023.</ref> Stanway o ne a tswa kwa Cumbria a ya Manchester a le dingwaga tse lesome le borataro go ya go sala morago tiro ya kgwele ya dinao e e porofeshionale, a ya kwa Manchester City.<ref name=":0" /> A tsene kwa Dowdales School kwa Cumbria,<ref name=":1" /> o ne a ya kwa St Bede's College kwa Manchester, jaaka motshameki ka ene [[Keira Walsh]] a dirile pele ga gagwe.<ref>Slater, Chris (19 August 2023). "[https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/teachers-who-inspired-greater-manchester-27548189 The teachers who inspired the Lioness stars to World Cup glory]". ''Manchester Evening News''. Retrieved 19 August 2023.</ref> == Metswedi == n0a6dkuqh7jm7nokabxa4ubl50i3ums 0 9847 55089 42163 2026-09-20T00:17:15Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55089 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ariko Inaoka''' ([[:en:Japanese_language|Japanese]]: 稲岡亜里子, o tshotswe kwa Kyoto, ka ngwaga wa 1975) ke mokapaditshwantsho wa kwa Japan, o itsiwe thata ka tiro ya go tsaya malwelana a Iceland dinepe. O itsege gape ka go nna mosimolodi le mong wa [[:en:Owariya|Honke Owariya]], lefelo le go rekisiwang [[:en:Soba|soba]], dijo tse di itsegeng thata kwa Japan. == Bonana jwa gagwe == Mme Ariko Inaoka o tsholetswe kwa [[:en:Kyoto|Kyoto]], teropo e e kwa Japan ka ngwaga wa 1975. Mme Inaoka o ne a tsena High school kwa [[:en:San_Diego|San Diego]] a fetsa ka 1992. Go tswa ka 1995 go ya go tsena ka 1999 o ne a ithuta kwa sekolong se se tona sa [[:en:Parsons_School_of_Design|Parsons School of Design]]. O ne a simolola go berekela badiragatsi ba dibuka (magazines and catalogs) kwa Paris, London, and Japan, a bereka thata mo go tseyeng dinepe tsa diaparo (fashion photography). O feletse a fudugela kwa Tokyo ka 2006<ref name=":0">https://air.studio-yoggy.com/magazine/article/feature-20150417</ref>. == Go Kapa Ditshwantsho == Mme Inaoka o berekile ele mokapaditshwantsho wa diaparo (fashion) ka go farologanya. Go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1998 go felela ka ngwaga wa 2002 o ne a bereka mo ''The Number after 10'' a nale [[:en:Claudia_Hill|Claudia Hill]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120222162345/http://claudiahill.com/collaborations/tna10/</ref>. K a 2000, tiro ya gagwe e ne ya lemogiwa ke [[:en:Photo_District_News|Photo District News]] a nna mongwe wa batho ba ba tlhophilweng go nna PDN/Kodak ''30 under 30''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130624145657/http://www.pdngallery.com/gallery/30under30/intro.html</ref>''.'' Tiro ya gagwe ya bogologolo e ne ya gatisiwa ka fa tlase ga leina la '''Ariko''' ([[:en:Latin_script|ka matshwao a se Roma]]) hela. Mme Inaoka o itsewe thata ka tiro ya gagwe ya go tsaya dinepe tsa malwelana a Iceland<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2014/nov/23/ariko-inaokas-photographs-of-devoted-icelandic-sisters-in-pictures</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/nov/23/photography-icelandic-twins-ariko-inaoka-erna-hrefna</ref>, tiro e e ne ya bitswa "The place for my creativity and inspiration<ref>https://slate.com/culture/2014/11/ariko-inaoka-photographs-icelandic-twins-erna-and-hrefna.html</ref>." O ne a kopana le malwelana; Erna and Hrefna [(Maina a a rayang "ntshu (eagle)" le "mohuta wa legakabe (raven)"]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.juxtapoz.com/news/photography/ariko-inaoka-spent-seven-summers-in-iceland-photographing-twin-sisters/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |archive-date=2024-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610212445/https://www.juxtapoz.com/news/photography/ariko-inaoka-spent-seven-summers-in-iceland-photographing-twin-sisters/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ka ngwaga wa 2006, mme o ne simolola go ba tsaya ditshwantsho ka ngwaga wa 2009, ba nale dingwaga tse robabongwe (9). O ne a ba tsaya dinepe a ngokiwa ke gore malwelana a ka tswa a nale "telepathic connection"<ref>https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/news/a33049/icelandic-twins/</ref>. O ba teste dinepe go fitlhela ngwaga wa 2017<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://revela-t.cat/2018/en/portfolio/arikoinaoka-en/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |archive-date=2020-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721002257/https://revela-t.cat/2018/en/portfolio/arikoinaoka-en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Dilo tse dingwe tse Mma Inaoka o ne a di tsaya dinepe e ne ele mafelo le baeti kana bajanala<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://metalmagazine.eu/post/ariko-inaoka-coming-home |access-date=2024-06-10 |archive-date=2024-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610212445/https://metalmagazine.eu/post/ariko-inaoka-coming-home |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Lefelo la thekiso ya dijo (Restaurant ownership) == [[Setshwantsho:Outside Honke Owariya (13680896895).jpg|thumb|Kgoro ya lefelo la bojelo jwa soba: Honke Owariya]] Mme Inaoka o ne a boela Kyoto ka 2011<ref>http://shinise.tv/honke-owariya/</ref>. Mo nakong ya bogompieno ke mong wa lefelo la [[:en:Owariya|Honke Owariya]], lefelo le le rekisang dijo tsa [[:en:Soba|soba]], ele motho wa bo lesome le borataro (16) go etelelapele level le. Honke Owariya ke ngwe ya mafelo a a bogologolo kwa Kyoto, ebile go lebega ele lefelo la go ja dijo le eleng lone la bogologolo kwa Japan<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.asahi.com/and/article/20200330/401318520/</ref>, kwa batho ba ka nnang teng go ja dijo, lefelo le lle sale le simolola ka ngwaga wa 1465. Mme Inaoka o sala morago tsamaiso ya go dira dijo, o ithutile mo go Rragwe, yo e neng ele mong wa lefelo wa lesome le botlhano (15), Rragwe o ne a ithuta tsamaiso mo go ntatemogoloagwe Mme Ariko, yo ne ele wa lesome le bone (14) go nna motho wa go etelelapele Honke Owariya<ref>https://livejapan.com/en/in-kansai/in-pref-kyoto/in-gion_kawaramachi_kiyomizu-dera-temple/article-a2000017/</ref>. == Tshupo ya Tiro == * ''Sól.'' Trax gallery ([[:en:Hokuto,_Yamanashi|Hokuto]], Yamanashi), August–September 2008<ref>https://www.tokyoartbeat.com/en/events/-/2008%2F7A06</ref>. * ''Sól.'' Rocket Gallery ([[:en:Jingūmae|Jingūmae]], Tokyo), February 2009<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090210065002/http://www.rocket-jp.com/exhibition/data/2009/sol/</ref>. * ''Om.'' Gallery Target (Jingūmae, Tokyo), April 2011<ref>https://www.tokyoartbeat.com/events/-/2011%2FC78F</ref><ref>https://news.mynavi.jp/techplus/article/20110309-a090/</ref><ref>http://www.akaaka.com/events/ev-110402-ariko.html</ref>. * Opposite～異なる2つのインド = ''Opposite India.'' Slant gallery ([[:en:Kanazawa|Kanazawa]]), April–May 2011. With Yayoi Arimoto (在本彌生)<ref>http://slant.jp/opposite-india%EF%BD%9C/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.transit.ne.jp/contents/info/2011/04/slantpe.php |access-date=2024-06-10 |archive-date=2020-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719144125/https://www.transit.ne.jp/contents/info/2011/04/slantpe.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>. * ''One Plus One Is Three.'' 2013 Shin Kong Mitsukoshi International Photography Festival = 2013新光三越國際攝影聯展, Shin Kong Mitsukoshi (Taipei), 2013. With Sean Lotman<ref>https://culture.skm.com.tw/event/2013Photography/series_2.html</ref>. * ''Erna and Hrefna.'' Revela't 2018 (El Festival Internacional de Fotografía Analógica de Vilassar de Dalt), Fábrica Cal Garbat, Vilassar de Dalt, 11–27 May 2018<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://revela-t.cat/2018/en/programme/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |archive-date=2021-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018125447/https://revela-t.cat/2018/en/programme/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. * ''Parallel Crossings.'' Ibasho Gallery (Antwerp), January–March 2020. (With Sean Lotman)<ref>https://ibashogallery.com/exhibitions/10/overview/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://agenda.parisphoto.com/detail,parallel-crossings---sean-lotman-ariko-inaoka.htm?zoom=DD100725-1D55-6809-EC5F-0D65DAD1B52A |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-06-10 |archive-date=2024-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610212447/https://agenda.parisphoto.com/detail,parallel-crossings---sean-lotman-ariko-inaoka.htm?zoom=DD100725-1D55-6809-EC5F-0D65DAD1B52A |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Dibuka == * ''Key of Life: Hasegawa Kyoko Photobook.'' Tokyo: Pengin Shobō, 2003. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/4-901978-09-8|4-901978-09-8]]. Photographs of [[:en:Kyōko_Hasegawa|Kyōko Hasegawa]] by "Takey" or "Takay" (according to the [[:en:Edition_(book)#Print_run|impression]]) and "Ariko". * ''Sól.'' Tokyo: Akaaka, 2006. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] 978-4-903545-27-1. By "Ariko". * クリスチャニア自由の国に生きるデンマークの奇跡 (''Kurisuchania: Jiyū no kuni ni ikiru Denmāku no kiseki'') = ''The Free Spirits of Christiania.'' Tokyo: Wave, 2017. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-4-86621-089-6|978-4-86621-089-6]]. Text by Kana Shimizu (清水香那), photographs by Inaoka. * ''Eagle and Raven.'' Tokyo: Akaaka, 2020. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-4-86541-111-9|978-4-86541-111-9]]. By Inaoka. == Melaetsa == # ''Sól'' (published 2006) is by Ariko; ''The Free Spirits of Christiania'' (published 2017) is by 稲岡亜里子 (i.e. Ariko Inaoka). # '''^''' Akaaka's [http://www.akaaka.com/publishing/books/ariko-sol.html page about ''Sól'']. # '''^''' Wave's [https://www.wave-publishers.co.jp/books/9784866210896/ page about ''The Free Spirits of Christiania'']. # '''^''' Akaaka's [http://www.akaaka.com/news/-eagle-and-raven.html page about ''Eagle and Raven'']. == Metswedi == # [https://www.studio-yoggy.com/article/article/feature/feature-20150417/ 550年間父たちが守ってきたものを学び終えたら、新たな時代に挑戦したい".] ''Studio Yoggy''. 2015-04-20. Retrieved 2018-03-07. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20120222162345/http://claudiahill.com/collaborations/tna10/ "The Number After 10"]. Archived from [https://claudiahill.com/collaborations/tna10/ the original] on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2013-06-10. # LaSala, Anthony (2000). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130624145657/http://www.pdngallery.com/gallery/30under30/intro.html "30 under thirty, Young Photographers to Watch"]. Archived from [http://pdngallery.com/gallery/30under30/intro.html the original] on 2013-06-24. Retrieved 2013-06-10. # Adams, Tim (22 Nov 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2014/nov/23/ariko-inaokas-photographs-of-devoted-icelandic-sisters-in-pictures "Ariko Inaoka's photographs of devoted Icelandic sisters – in pictures"]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 18 July 2020. # Adams, Tim (22 November 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/nov/23/photography-icelandic-twins-ariko-inaoka-erna-hrefna "Never such devoted sisters: In Iceland with Erna and Hrefna"]. The Observer (The Guardian). Retrieved 18 July 2020. # Teicher, Jordan G. (6 November 2014). [https://slate.com/culture/2014/11/ariko-inaoka-photographs-icelandic-twins-erna-and-hrefna.html "The magical life of one pair of Icelandic twins"]. Slate. Retrieved 18 July 2020. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240610212445/https://www.juxtapoz.com/news/photography/ariko-inaoka-spent-seven-summers-in-iceland-photographing-twin-sisters/ "Ariko Inaoka spent seven summers in Iceland photographing twin sisters"], Juxtapoz, 23 April 2020. Accessed 22 July 2020. # Koman, Tess (10 November 2014). [https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/news/a33049/icelandic-twins/ "Seven magical photos of identical Icelandic twins"]. Cosmopolitan. Retrieved 18 July 2020. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20200721002257/https://revela-t.cat/2018/en/portfolio/arikoinaoka-en/ "Erna and Hrefna"], Revela't, 2018. # Blazo, Eve Marie. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231003141800/https://metalmagazine.eu/en/post/interview/ariko-inaoka-coming-home "Ariko Inaoka: Coming Home"]. Metal Magazine. Retrieved 18 July 2020. # [http://shinise.tv/honke-owariya/ 京都で一番古い蕎麦屋 本家尾張屋 / 京都 中京区 1465年創業 (寛正六年), 老舗食堂], 5 December 2018. # [https://www.asahi.com/and_w/20200330/1318520/ アイスランドに住む双子の少女の成長を撮り続けた写真集「Eagle and Raven」], Asahi Shimbun Digital [ and ], 30 March 2020. Accessed 22 July 2020. # Myogaya, Nobuhisa (19 March 2020). [https://livejapan.com/en/in-kansai/in-pref-kyoto/in-gion_kawaramachi_kiyomizu-dera-temple/article-a2000017/ "Honke Owariya: Inside The Kyoto Soba Restaurant That Was Founded in 1465 (And Is Still Crazy Popular)"]. ''Live Japan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200719011607/https://livejapan.com/en/in-kansai/in-pref-kyoto/in-nijo-castle_kyoto-imperial-palace/article-a2000017/ Archived]'' from the original on 2020-07-19. Retrieved 12 April 2021. # [https://www.tokyoartbeat.com/en/events/-/2008%2F7A06 "Ariko 'Sol'"], Tokyo Art Beat. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20090210065002/http://www.rocket-jp.com/exhibition/data/2009/sol/ "Sól"]. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. # [https://www.tokyoartbeat.com/events/-/2011%2FC78F "Om."] Tokyo Art Beat, 2011. # [https://news.mynavi.jp/techplus/article/20110309-a090/ 写真家・稲岡亜里子(Ariko)写真展「Om」-Gallery Targetにて開催], Mynavi, 9 March 2011. # [http://www.akaaka.com/events/ev-110402-ariko.html Ariko個展「Om」@Gallery Target], 2011. # [http://slant.jp/opposite-india｜/ "Opposite India"], Slant Gallery. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20200719144125/https://www.transit.ne.jp/contents/info/2011/04/slantpe.php 『Opposite～異なる2つのインド』金沢Slantにて写真展開催迫る], Transit, 2011. # [https://culture.skm.com.tw/event/2013Photography/series_2.html "One Plus One Is Three"], Shin Kong Mitsukoshi. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20211018125447/https://revela-t.cat/2018/en/programme/ 2018 programme], Revela't, 2018. # [https://ibashogallery.com/exhibitions/10/overview/ "Parallel crossings: Ariko Inaoka and Sean Lotman"], Ibasho Gallery. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240610212447/https://agenda.parisphoto.com/detail,parallel-crossings---sean-lotman-ariko-inaoka.htm?zoom=DD100725-1D55-6809-EC5F-0D65DAD1B52A "Parallel crossings: Ariko Inaoka and Sean Lotman"], Paris Photo. == Metswedi e e kwa ntle == * [http://arikoinaoka.com Official website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090401192627/http://www.public-image.org/interview/2009/03/30/ariko.html Interview with Inaoka on Public-Image.org] (in Japanese) * [https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/slideshow/special-connection-twins-20223374/image-20223618 "Mysterious and magical twins",] ABC News. (Slideshow) syjjml60gciynlu5qn0v9oiqs9sp481 0 10279 55118 51061 2026-09-20T09:52:56Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republic of Mali | common_name = Mali | native_name = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:85%; |title = {{resize|1.0 em|Official names}} | {{Infobox | subbox=yes | bodystyle=font-size:77%;font-weight:normal; | rowclass1 = mergedrow | label1 = [[Bambara language|Bambara]]: | data1 = {{lang|bm|Mali ka Fasojamana / ߡߊ߬ߟߌ ߞߊ ߝߊߛߏߖߊߡߊߣߊ<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/NkoOfficiel |title=Académie N'Ko Mali ߡߊ߰ߟߌ ߒߞߏ ߟߏ߲ߞߏ߫ ߘߎ߲ߓߎ |website=Twitter.com |author=Académie N’Ko Mali |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514112858/https://twitter.com/NkoOfficiel|archive-date=14 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}} | rowclass2 = mergedrow | label3 = [[Hassaniya]]: | data3 = {{lang|mey|جُمْهُورِيَّةْ مَالِي ({{lang|mey-Latn|Jumhūriyyet Māli}})}} | label2 = [[Fula language|Fula]]: | data2 = {{lang|ff|Republik bu Maali / 𞤈𞤫𞤨𞤵𞤦𞤤𞤭𞤳 𞤦𞤵 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭}} | rowclass3 = mergedrow | rowclass4 = mergedrow | label4 = [[Soninke language|Soninke]]: | data4 = {{lang|snk|Mali Tɔgɔbadugu}} | rowclass5 = mergedrow | label5 = [[Tamasheq languages|Tamasheq]]: | data5 = {{lang|taq-Latn|Tagduda n Mali}} / {{lang|taq|ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ}} | label6 = [[Songhai language|Songhai]]: | data6 = {{lang|ses-Latn|Mali Laamaa}}}}}} | image_flag = Flag of Mali.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Mali.svg | national_motto = {{native phrase|fr|"Un peuple, un but, une foi"|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br/>{{native phrase|bm|"Mɔgɔ kelen, laɲini kelen, dannaya kelen"}}<br/>"One people, one goal, one faith" | national_anthem = {{native name|fr|"[[Le Mali]]"|italic=no|nolink=on}}{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Malian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]}} | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File: Mali (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Location Mali AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Africa|default=1}} | capital = [[Bamako]] | coordinates = {{Coord|12|39|N|8|0|W|type:city}} | largest_city = Bamako | official_languages = {{nowrap|'''[[Languages of Mali|13 national languages]]'''<ref name="Lingua 2023">{{cite web |url=https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2023/mali-jo-2023-13-sp-2.pdf |title=JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE DU MALI SECRETARIAT GENERAL DU GOUVERNEMENT - DECRET N°2023-0401/PT-RM DU 22 JUILLET 2023 PORTANT PROMULGATION DE LA CONSTITUTION |date=22 July 2023 |website=sgg-mali.ml |access-date=26 July 2023 |quote=Article 31 : Les langues nationales sont les langues officielles du Mali. |trans-quote=Article 31: The national languages are the official languages of Mali. |lang=fr |archive-date=8 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808203503/https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2023/mali-jo-2023-13-sp-2.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="LangNat">{{cite web |url=https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2017/mali-jo-2017-39.pdf |title=JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE DU MALI SECRETARIAT GENERAL DU GOUVERNEMENT - DECRET N°2017-0735/P-RM DU 21 AOUT 2017 FIXANT L'ORGANISATION ET LES MODALITES DE FONCTIONNEMENT DES STRUCTURES DE L'EDUCATION NON FORMELLE |date=21 August 2017 |website=sgg-mali.ml |access-date=21 October 2023 |quote=Selon la Loi n°96- 049 du 23 août 1996, les langues nationales du Mali sont : (...) |trans-quote=According to Law No. 96-049 of 23 August 1996, the national languages of Mali are: (...) |lang=fr |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803235822/https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2017/mali-jo-2017-39.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>}} {{plainlist| * [[Bambara language|Bambara]] * [[Bobo language|Bobo]] * [[Hassaniya Arabic]] * [[Bozo language|Bozo]] * [[Escarpment Dogon|Dogon, Toro So]] * [[Fula language|Fula]] * [[Kassonke language|Kassonke]] * [[Maninka language|Maninke]] * [[Minyanka language|Minyanka]] * [[Senara language|Senufo, Senara]] * [[Koyraboro Senni|Songhay, Koyraboro Senni]] * [[Soninke language|Soninke]] * [[Tamasheq language|Tamasheq]] }} | languages_type = [[Working language]] | languages = {{unbulleted list|[[French language|French]] (de facto)<ref name="French">{{cite web |url=https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2023/mali-jo-2023-13-sp-2.pdf |title=JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE DU MALI SECRETARIAT GENERAL DU GOUVERNEMENT - DECRET N°2023-0401/PT-RM DU 22 JUILLET 2023 PORTANT PROMULGATION DE LA CONSTITUTION |date=22 July 2023 |website=sgg-mali.ml |access-date=26 July 2023 |quote=Article 31 : Le français est la langue de travail. L’Etat peut adopter toute autre langue comme langue de travail. |trans-quote=Article 31: French is the working language. The State may adopt any other language as its working language. |lang=fr |archive-date=8 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808203503/https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2023/mali-jo-2023-13-sp-2.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | demonym = [[Demographics of Mali|Malian]] | area_km2 = 1,240,192 | area_rank = 23rd | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 33.3% [[Bambara people|Bambara]] | 13.3% [[Fula people|Fula]] | 9.6% [[Soninke people|Soninke]] | 9.6% [[Senufo people|Senufo]] / [[Bwa people|Bwa]] | 8.8% [[Mandinka people|Malinke]] | 8.7% [[Dogon people|Dogon]] | 5.9% [[Songhai people|Songhai]] | 3.5% [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]] | 2.1% [[Bobo people|Bobo]] | 4.5% [[Demographics of Mali#Ethnic groups|other]]<ref name="CIA-2021-Mali">{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |author-link=CIA |title=Africa: Mali – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ |website=CIA.gov |access-date=12 January 2010 |date=27 April 2021 |archive-date=30 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032030/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[presidential republic]] under a [[military junta]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Booty |first1=Natasha |last2=Pivac |first2=Mark |title=Assimi Goïta: President gets sweeping powers in new Mali constitution |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66282417 |access-date=4 August 2023 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=23 July 2023 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802043804/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66282417 |url-status=live }}</ref> | leader_name1 = [[Assimi Goïta]] (interim) | leader_title1 = [[List of heads of state of Mali|President]] | leader_title2 = [[List of heads of government of Mali|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Abdoulaye Maïga (officer)|Abdoulaye Maïga]] (interim) | legislature = [[National Assembly (Mali)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Mali|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Gao Empire]] | established_date1 = c. 7th century | established_event2 = [[Mali Empire]] | established_date2 = c. 1235 | established_event3 = [[Songhai Empire]] | established_date3 = c. 1430s | established_event4 = Establishment of the [[French Sudan|Sudanese Republic]] | established_date4 = 24 November 1958 | established_event5 = Merger with [[Senegal]] to create the [[Mali Federation]] | established_date5 = 4 April 1959 | established_event6 = Independence from France | established_date6 = 20 June 1960 | established_event7 = Dissolution of the Mali Federation | established_date7 = 20 August 1960 | established_event8 = Declaration of the Republic of Mali | established_date8 = 22 September 1960 | area_footnote = <ref name="bbc_com">{{cite web |title=Mali country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13881370 |website=BBC News |access-date=17 October 2023 |date=19 October 2023 |archive-date=11 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230911075500/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13881370 |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_sq_mi = 478,839 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]].--> | percent_water = 1.6 | population_estimate = 21,990,607<ref>{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Mali|access-date=22 June 2023|year=2023}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2024 | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $61.625 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.ML">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=678,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Mali) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=16 October 2023 |archive-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017204907/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=678,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2023 | HDI = 0.410 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2022<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | population_density_km2 = 11.7 | population_density_sq_mi = 30.3 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]].--> | population_density_rank = 215th | GDP_PPP_rank = 115th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $2,639<ref name="IMFWEO.ML" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 174th | GDP_nominal_rank = 123rd | GDP_nominal_year = 2023 | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $21.309 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.ML" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $912<ref name="IMFWEO.ML" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 175th | Gini = 33.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2010 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=[[World Bank]] |access-date=2 March 2011 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208203439/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | HDI_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2023-24 |url=http://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf |website=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |pages=274–277 |language=en |access-date=3 May 2024 |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501075007/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | HDI_rank = 188th | currency = [[West African CFA franc]] | currency_code = XOF | time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] | utc_offset = {{sp}} | drives_on = right<ref>[http://www.brianlucas.ca/roadside/ Which side of the road do they drive on?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414073422/http://brianlucas.ca/roadside/ |date=14 April 2012 }} Brian Lucas. August 2005. Retrieved 28 January 2009.</ref> | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | calling_code = [[+223]] | cctld = [[.ml]] | religion_year = 2021 }} Lefatshe la Mali<ref name=":0">/ˈmɑːli/ ^ⓘ; Bambara pronunciation: [<nowiki/>[[:en:Help:IPA|<nowiki>ma.li]</nowiki>]] [[:en:N'Ko_script|N'Ko script]]: ߡߊߟߌ [[:en:Fula_language|Fula]]: 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 [[:en:Arabic_language|Arabic]]: </ref>,le le tlhomamisitsweng ka semmuso go nna Republic of Mali<ref name=":1">[[:en:Bambara_language|Bambara]]: ''Mali ka Fasojamana'', [[:en:N'Ko_script|N'Ko script]]: ߡߊߟߌ ߞߊ ߝߊߛߏߖߊߡߊߣߊ [[:en:Fula_language|Fula]]: 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, <small>omanized:</small> ''Renndaandi Maali'' [[:en:Arabic_language|Arabic]]: جمهورية مالي, <small>[[:en:Romanization_of_Arabic|romanized]]:</small> ''Jumhūriyyāt Mālī''</ref>, ke [[lefatshe le le se nang lewatle]] mo [[Aforika Bophirima]]. [[Ke lefatshe la borobabedi ka bogolo mo Aforika,|Ke]] [[Ke lefatshe la borobabedi ka bogolo mo Aforika,|lefatshe la borobabedi ka bogolo mo Aforika,]] ka bogolo jwa dikilometara tse di fetang 1,240,192 (478,841 sq mi).<ref name=":2">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13881370 Mali country profile]". ''BBC News''. 19 October 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230911075500/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13881370 Archived] from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.</ref>Ke lefatshe le le dikologilwe ke [[Algeria]] kwa bokone, [[Niger]] kwa botlhaba, [[Mauritania]] kwa bokonebophirima, [[Burkina Faso]] le [[Ivory Coast]] kwa borwa, le [[Guinea]] le [[Senegal]] kwa bophirima. Palo ya batho ba kwa Mali e ka nna 23,290,000<ref name=":3">[https://population.un.org/wpp/ World Population Prospects 2022"]. [[:en:United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs|United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs,]] Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.</ref> <ref name=":4">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230306213755/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20%28Standard%29/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100]" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United [[:en:United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs|Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Population Division. Retrieved</ref>47.19% ya bone go akantswe gore ba tla bo ba le ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano 15 ka 2024. [[Toropokgolo]] ya yone le toropo e kgolo ke [[Bamako]]. Ke lefatshe le le nang le dipuo di le lesome le boraro 13 tsa semolao, mme [[Bambara]] ke yone e e buiwang thata. [[Melelwane]] e e kwa bokone ya lefatshe le e e ikemetseng ka nosi e fitlha kwa tengteng ga [[Sekaka sa Sahara]]. Karolo e e kwa borwa jwa lefatshe ,mo bontsi jwa baagi ba lone ba nnang kwa go sone, le le mo [[sekgweng sa Sudan]] mme se na le dinoka tsa [[Niger]] le [[Senegal]] tse di elelang mo go sone. itsholelo ya lefatshe e ikaegile ka temothuo le meepo ka metswedi ya lone ya tlholego e e tlhagelelang go akaretsa [[gouta]] (e e leng yone e e tlhagisang go gaisa mo Aforika)<ref name=":0" /> le [[letswai]]. <ref name=":1" /> Mali e ne e le karolo ya mebuso e meraro e e maatla e bile e humile ya [[Aforika Bophirima]] e e neng e laola [[kgwebo]] ya [[kwa moseja ga Sahara]]: [[Mmusomogolo wa Ghana]] (o [[Ghana]] e neng ya reelelwa leina la one), [[Mmusomogolo wa Mali]] (o Mali e reeletsweng leina la one), le [[Mmusomogolo wa Songhai]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1300, Mmusomogolo wa Mali e ne e le lefatshe le le humileng go gaisa mo Aforika<ref name=":2" /> le mmusimogolo wa lone wa lekgolo la bo lesome le bone 14 la dingwaga [[Mansa Musa]] yo go dumelwang gore e ne e le mongwe wa batho ba ba humileng go gaisa mo ditsong.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">[https://www.theweek.co.uk/news/people/954992/who-is-the-richest-person-of-all-time Who is the richest person of all time?]". ''The Week UK''. December 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220316215840/https://www.theweek.co.uk/news/people/954992/who-is-the-richest-person-of-all-time Archived] from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.</ref>[ Kwa ntle ga go nna lefelo la kgwebisano le meepo, Mali ya bogare e ne e le lefelo la [[tumelo ya Islam]], setso le kitso, ka [[Timbuktu]] e nna lefelo le le itsegeng la thuto ka [[madikolo]] ya yone, nngwe ya tsa bogologolo mo lefatsheng mme e santse e dira.[[Mmusomogolo wa Songhai]] o ne wa gapa mmusomogolo oo ka ngwaga wa 1468, o o neng wa latelwa ke sesole sa [[Saadian]] se se neng [[sa fenya Songhai ka 1591]]. Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le boferabongwe 19, ka nako ya [[go lwela Aforika]], France e ne ya gapa taolo ya lefatshe la Mali, ya e dira karolo ya [[French Sudan]]; jaaka Republic of Sudan, go ne ga tlhamiwa [[kopano e khutshwane le Senegal]], go fitlhelela boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1960. Morago ga go ikgogela morago ga lefatshe la Senegal, Republic of Mali e ne ya tlhomiwa. Morago ga lobaka lo loleele lwa puso ya lekoko le le lengwe fela, go ne ga nna le phetogo ya puso ka ngwaga wa 1991 e e neng ya dira gore go tlhamiwe molao motheo o mosha le go tlhomiwa ga puso ya batho ka batho ya makoko a mantsi kwa lefatsheng la Mali. Ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ka 2012, [[go ne ga tsoga ntwa kwa bokone jwa Mali]], e mo go yone [[ditsuolodi tsa Ba-Tuareg]] di neng tsa laola kgaolo e e kwa bokone, mme ka Moranang [[ba ne ba bolela]] gore lefatshe le le ntšha la [[Azawad]]<ref name=":6">[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/07/world/africa/mali-rebels-proclaim-independent-state-in-north.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1333728086-ZXpwSz3KFqUnA4lteq4j4w Polgreen, Lydia and Cowell, Alan (6 April 2012) "Mali Rebels Proclaim Independent State in North]" Archived 28 July 2020 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], ''The New York Times''</ref> le kgaogane le bone. Kgotlhang e ne ya rarabololwa ke [[go menola puso ga sesole]] ka Mopitlwe 2012 <ref name=":7">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/mali/9161930/UN-Security-council-condemns-Mali-coup.html UN Security Council condemns Mali coup] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201128100600/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/mali/9161930/UN-Security-council-condemns-Mali-coup.html Archived] 28 November 2020 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Telegraph (23 March 2012). Retrieved 24 March 2013.</ref>mme morago ga moo go ne ga nna le ntwa magareng ga Ba-Tuareg le makoko a mangwe a ditsoulodi. Go tsibogela diphitlhelelo tsa kgaolo, sesole sa France se ne sa simolola [[Operation Serval]] ka Hirikgong 2013.<ref name=":8">[http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2013/01/12/la-france-demande-une-acceleration-de-la-mise-en-place-de-la-force-internationale-au-mali_1816033_3212.html "Mali – la France a mené une série de raids contre les islamistes]". ''Le Monde''. 12 January 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171020023450/http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2013/01/12/la-france-demande-une-acceleration-de-la-mise-en-place-de-la-force-internationale-au-mali_1816033_3212.html Archived] from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref> Kgwedi morago ga moo, masole a Malian le a France a ne a gapa karolo e kgolo ya bokone, le fa gone ntwa e ne ya tswelela. [[Ditlhopho tsa botautona]] di ne tsa tshwarwa ka di 28 Phukwi 2013, mme go ne ga tshwarwa ditlhopho tsa bobedi ka di 11 Phatwe, mme [[ditlhopho tsa kgotlapeomolao]] di ne tsa tshwarwa ka di 24 Ngwanatsele le 15 Sedimonthole 2013. Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa ngwaga wa 2020, Mali e ne ya tlhaselwa gabedi ke masole a ga [[Assimi Goïta]]. == Thuto ya mafoko == Leina la Mali le tserwe mo leineng la Mmusomogolo wa Mali. Le raya "lefelo le kgosi e nnang mo go lone"<ref name=":9">Wolny, Philip (15 December 2013). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=u5HnAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 Discovering the Empire of Mali]''. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 7. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781477718896|9781477718896]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210416180418/https://books.google.com/books?id=u5HnAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 Archived] from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2020.</ref>mme le kaya nonofo.<ref name=":10">Sasnett, Martena Tenney; Sepmeyer, Inez Hopkins (1 January 1967). ''[[iarchive:educationalsyste0000sasn|Educational Systems of Africa: Interpretations for Use in the Evaluation of Academic Credentials]]''. University of California Press. pp[[iarchive:educationalsyste0000sasn/page/673|. 673.]]</ref> Motsamai wa Mo-Maghreb wa lekgolo la bo lesome le bone 14 la dingwaga ebong Ibn Battuta o ne a bega gore motsemogolo wa mmusomogolo ono o ne o bidiwa Mali.<ref name=":11">Imperato, Pascal James; Imperato, Gavin H. (25 April 2008). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zf6xAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA231 Historical Dictionary of Mali]''. Scarecrow Press. p. 231. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780810864023|9780810864023]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210827043448/https://books.google.com/books?id=zf6xAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA231 Archived] from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2020</ref><ref name=":12">[[:en:Djibril_Tamsir_Niane|Niane, Djibril]] (1965). ''Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali''</ref> Ngwao nngwe ya [[Ba-Mandinka]] e bolela gore mmusimogolo wa ntlha yo go buiwang ka ene e bong [[Sundiata Keita]] o ne a iphetola motlhaba-noka fa a sena go swela mo [[Nokeng ya Sankarani]] le gore go ne go ka kgonega gore go bonwe metsana mo lefelong la noka eno e e bidiwang "Mali wa bogologolo". Patlisiso ya seane sa kwa Mali e lemogile gore kwa Mali wa bogologolo, go na le motse o o bidiwang Malikoma, o o rayang "Mali o Mosha", le gore Mali e ka tswa e kile ya bo e le leina la toropo. <ref name=":13">Aku Adjandeh, Evelyn (July 2014). [http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/8845/1/A%20Study%20of%20Proverbs%20in%20Things%20Fall%20Apart%20and%20Sundiata%3B%20An%20Epic%20of%20Old%20Mali%20(Sundiata)%20-%202014.pdf "A STUDY OF PROVERBS IN THINGS FALL APART AND SUNDIATA: AN EPIC OF OLD MALI (SUNDIATA])" (PDF). University of Ghana, Legon – Institute of African Studies. p. 100. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170320054429/http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/8845/1/A%20Study%20of%20Proverbs%20in%20Things%20Fall%20Apart%20and%20Sundiata%3B%20An%20Epic%20of%20Old%20Mali%20(Sundiata)%20-%202014.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2017</ref> Kgopolo e nngwe e kaya gore Mali ke tsela ya [[Ba-Fulani]] ya go bitsa leina la [[Ba-Mande]].<ref name=":15">Graft-Johnson, John Coleman De (1 January 1986)[https://books.google.com/books?id=LY5Lmc-To7cC&pg=PA92 . ''African Glory: The Story of Vanished Negro Civilizations'']. Black Classic Press. p. 92. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780933121034|9780933121034]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210416180445/https://books.google.com/books?id=LY5Lmc-To7cC&pg=PA92 Archived] from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2020.</ref><ref name=":16">Fyle, C. Magbaily (1999). ''[[iarchive:introductiontohi0001fyle|Introduction to the History of African Civilization: Precolonial Africa]]''. University Press of America. pp. [[iarchive:introductiontohi0001fyle/page/11|11.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780761814566|9780761814566]]</bdi>.</ref>Go akantshiwa gore modumo o o fetogileng o tlhodile phetogo e, ka gore mo puong ya Fulani karolo ya alveolar /nd/ e fetogela go /l/ mme segalo sa konokono sa segalo se a nyelela se bo se tlhatloga, se dira gore "Manden" e fetoge go nna /mali/.<ref name=":17">Aku Adjandeh, Evelyn (July 2014). "A [http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/8845/1/A%20Study%20of%20Proverbs%20in%20Things%20Fall%20Apart%20and%20Sundiata%3B%20An%20Epic%20of%20Old%20Mali%20(Sundiata)%20-%202014.pdf STUDY OF PROVERBS IN THINGS FALL APART AND SUNDIATA: AN EPIC OF OLD MALI (SUNDIATA)"] (PDF). University of Ghana, Legon – Institute of African Studies. p. 100. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170320054429/http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/8845/1/A%20Study%20of%20Proverbs%20in%20Things%20Fall%20Apart%20and%20Sundiata%3B%20An%20Epic%20of%20Old%20Mali%20(Sundiata)%20-%202014.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2017</ref> == Ditso == '''Pele ga go nna kolone''' [[Setshwantsho:MALI empire map.PNG|thumb|The extent of the [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire's]] peak]] [[Setshwantsho:Timbuktu-manuscripts-astronomy-mathematics.jpg|thumb|The pages above are from [[:en:Timbuktu_Manuscripts|Timbuktu Manuscripts]] written in Sudani script (a form of [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]]) from the [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]] showing established knowledge of astronomy and mathematics. Today there are close to a million of these manuscripts found in [[:en:Timbuktu|Timbuktu]] alone.]] Botaki jwa maje a [[Sahara]] bo bontsha gore batho ba ne ba nna kwa bokone jwa Mali go tloga ka 10.000 B.C., fa Sahara e ne e le naga e e nonneng e bile e na le diphologolo tse dintsi tsa naga. Ditswaiso tsa bogologolo tsa letsopa di fitlhetswe kwa lefelong la Ounjougou kwa bogareng jwa Mali le le agilweng ka dingwaga tse di ka nnang 9 400 pele ga ga Keresete, mme go dumelwa gore ke sekai sa go itlhamelwa ga letsopa mo kgaolong eo.<ref name=":18">Eric Huysecom, M. Rasse, L. Lespez, K. Neumann, A. Fahmy, A. Ballouche, S. Ozainne, M. Maggetti, Ch. Tribolo, S. Sorian: The emergence of pottery in Africa during the tenth millennium cal BC: new evidence from Ounjougou (Mali), in: Antiquity (2009), p. 906.</ref>Temothuo e ne ya simololwa ka 5000 BC mme tshipi e ne ya dirisiwa ka 500 BC. Mo ngwagakgolong wa ntlha pele ga Keresete, metse le ditoropo tsa bogologolo di ne tsa tlhamiwa ke batho ba Mande ba ba amanang le [[batho ba Soninke]], go bapa le noka ya Niger e e fa gare mo bogareng jwa Mali, go akaretsa [[Dia]] e e simolotseng go tloga ka 900 pele ga Keresete, <ref name=":19">Arazi, Noemie. "[http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444342/1/U591645.pdf Tracing History in Dia, in the Inland Niger Delta of Mali -Archaeology, Oral Traditions and Written Sources]" (PDF). ''University College London''. Institute of Archaeology. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220213144217/http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1444342/1/U591645.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2021</ref>mme ya fitlha kwa setlhoeng sa yone go tloga ka 600 pele ga Keresete,le [[Djenne-Djenno]], e e tsereng sebaka go tloga ka 300 pele ga Keresete go fitlha ka 900 morago ga Keresete.Mo lekgolong la borataro la dingwaga AD, kgwebo e e neng e dira madi a mantsi ya go rekisa gauta, letswai le makgoba e ne ya simologa, e leng se se neng sa dira gore go nne le mebuso e megolo ya Aforika Bophirima. Go na le ditemana di le mmalwa tse di buang ka Mali mo dibukeng tsa bogologolo tsa tumelo ya Islam. Gareng ga tsona go na le ditshupiso tsa "Pene" le "Malal" mo tirong ya [[al-Bakri]] ka 1068,<ref name=":20">al-Bakri in Nehemiah Levtzion and J. F. Pl Hopkins, eds and trans., ''Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History'' (New York and London: Cambridge University Press, 1981, reprint edn Princeton, New Jersey,: Marcus Wiener, 2000), pp. 82–83</ref> kgang ya go sokologa ga mmusi wa bogologolo, yo o neng a itsiwe ke [[Ibn Khaldun]] (ka 1397) jaaka Barmandana, <ref name=":21">ibn Khaldun in Levtzion and Hopkins, eds, and transl. ''Corpus'', p. 333.</ref>le dintlha di le mmalwa tsa thutafatshe mo tirong ya [[al-Idrisi]].<ref>al-Idrisi in Levtzion and Hopkins, eds. and transl, ''Corpus'', p. 108.</ref> Mali e kile ya bo e le karolo ya mebuso e meraro e e tumileng ya [[Aforika Bophirima e e neng e laola kgwebo]] ya gauta, letswai, dilwana tse dingwe tse di tlhwatlhwakgolo le [[makgoba]], segolobogolo ka nako ya puso ya ga [[Mansa Musa]] go tloga ka c. 1312 -  c. 1337.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mali&wvprov=sticky-header#Prof Mali country profile], p. 1</ref>[ [[Dikgosi tse tsa Sahelian]] di ne di sena melelwane e e thata ya sepolotiki kgotsa ditso tse di thata. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mali&wvprov=sticky-header#Prof Mali country profile], p. 1</ref>[<nowiki/>[[Puso ya Ghana,]] e ne e laolwa ke [[Soninke]], batho ba ba buang [[SeMande]].<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mali&wvprov=sticky-header#Prof Mali country profile], p. 1.</ref> Mmusomogolo o ne wa atologa go ralala Aforika Bophirima go tloga ka ngwagakgolo wa boroba bobedi go fitlha ka 1078, fa o ne o fenngwa ke [[Ba-Almoravids]].<ref>[[Mali country profile]]. Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditionary Army in the 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). p. 2.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:GriotsSambala.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Griot|Griots]] of [[:en:Sambala|Sambala]], king of Médina ([[:en:Fula_people|Fula people]], Mali), 1890. Photo by [[:en:Joannès_Barbier|Joannès Barbier]].]] [[Setshwantsho:TombouctouPachalik 4.png|thumb|Map of the [[:en:Pashalik_of_Timbuktu|Pashalik of Timbuktu]] (yellow-striped) as part of the [[:en:Saadi_dynasty|Saadi dynasty of Morocco]] (outlined black) within the [[:en:Songhai_Empire|Songhai Empire]] (outlined red), {{Circa|1591}}]] [[Ntwa ya kwa Kirina]] ka ngwaga wa 1235, e ne ya felela ka phenyo ya [[Ba-Mandinka]] ba ba neng ba eteletswe pele ke kgosana e e neng e le kwa botshwarwa e bong [[Sundiata Keita]], e e neng ya dira gore [[Mmusomogolo wa Sosso]] o phutlhame. [[Mmusomogolo wa Mali]] o ne wa tlhamiwa kwa godimo ga [[Noka ya Niger]], mme wa fitlha kwa setlhoeng sa maatla a one ka lekgolo la bo lesome le bone 14 la dingwaga. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]]. Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditionary Army in the 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). p. 2. This reference is used 14 times on this page.</ref>Ka fa tlase ga Mmusomogolo wa Mali, ditoropo tsa bogologolo tsa [[Djenné]] le [[Timbuktu]] e ne e le ditikwatikwe tsa kgwebo le thuto ya tumeIo ya Islam.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]]. Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditionary Army in the 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). p. 2. This reference is used 14 times on this page.</ref>Mmusomogolo ono o ne wa wa moragonyana ka ntlha ya maano a a neng a le teng mo teng ga one, mme kgabagare o ne wa tseelwa sebaka ke [[Mmusomogolo wa Songhai]].<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]]. Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditionary Army in the 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). p. 2. This reference is used 14 times on this page.</ref>Songhai e ne e le maatla a magolo kwa Afrika Bophirima a a neng a laolwa ke Mmusomogolo wa Mali.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]]. Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditionary Army in the 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). p. 2. This reference is used 14 times on this page</ref> Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le bone 14, Ba-Songhai ba ne ba bona boipuso jwa bone go tswa mo Pusong ya Mali mme ba atologa, mme kgabagare ba nna karolo ya karolo yotlhe ya botlhaba ya mmusomogolo wa Mali .<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]]. Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditionary Army in the 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). p. 2. This reference is used 14 times on this page</ref> Go phutlhama ga Mmusomogolo wa Songhai e ne e le ka ntlha ya [[tlhaselo ya Ma-Morocco]] ka 1591 ka fa tlase ga taolo ya [[Judar Pasha]].<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]]. Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditionary Army in the 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). p. 2. This reference is used 14 times on this page</ref> Go wa ga Mmusomogolo wa Songhai go ne ga supa go fela ga seabe sa kgaolo eno jaaka lefelo la kgwebo.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]]. Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditionary Army in the 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). p. 2. This reference is used 14 times on this page</ref> Morago ga [[Go tlhamiwa ga ditsela tsa lewatle ke mebuso ya Europe|go tlhamiwa ga ditsela tsa lewatle ke mebuso ya]] [[Go tlhamiwa ga ditsela tsa lewatle ke mebuso ya Europe|Europe]], ditsela tsa kgwebo tsa trans-Sahara di ne tsa latlhegelwa ke botlhokwa. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]]. Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditionary Army in the 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). p. 2. This reference is used 14 times on this page.</ref>Ka nako eo, khumo e ntsi ya Mmusomogolo wa Mali e ne ya oketsa dithoto tsa yone tsa kgwebo tsa [[letswai]] le [[gauta.]] Lengwe la [[mauba]] a a maswe go gaisa otlhe a a kileng a nna teng mo eo le diragetse ka lekgolo la bo lesome le le boferabobedi 18 la dingwaga. Go ya ka [[John Iliffe]], "Matlhotlhapelo a a maswe go gaisa e ne e le ka dingwaga tsa bo 1680, fa leuba le ne le anama go tswa kwa lotshitshing lwa Senegambian go ya kwa Upper Nile mme 'bontsi ba ne ba ithekisa go nna makgoba, fela go bona dijo,' mme segolo thata ka 1738 - 1756, fa bothata jo bogolo jo bo begilweng jwa go tshela jwa Aforika Bophirima, ka ntlha ya komelelo le tsie, go begwa gore bo bolaile sephatlho sa baagi ba [[Timbuktu]].<ref>[[:en:John_Iliffe_(historian)|John Iliffe]] (2007) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=bNGN2URP_rUC Africans: the history of a continent]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20150906225011/https://books.google.com/books?id=bNGN2URP_rUC&pg=&dq&hl=en Archived] 6 September 2015 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Cambridge University Press. p. 69. ISBN 0-521-68297-5</ref> == '''Puso ya Bokolone ya mmuso wa France''' == [[Setshwantsho:Africa. French West Africa. Currently the most important efforts of the Office du Niger are directed toward the... - NARA - 541637.jpg|thumb|Cotton being processed in [[:en:Niono|Niono]] into {{convert|400|lb|kg|abbr=on|order=flip}} bales for export to other parts of Africa and to France, c. 1950]] Mali e ne ya wela ka fa tlase ga taolo ya mmuso wa France ka nako ya [[go lwela Aforika]] kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le boferabongwe 19. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]]. Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditionary Army in the 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). p. 2.</ref>Ka 1905, bontsi jwa kgaolo e ne e le ka fa tlase ga taolo ya France jaaka karolo ya [[French Sudan]].<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile.]] Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditionary Army in the 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). p. 2.</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele 1915, go ne ga tsoga khuduego e [[kgolo e e kgatlhanong le France]] mo merafeng e e mo dikgaolong tsa gompieno tsa Mali le Burkina Faso. <ref>[http://www.cairn.info/revue-autrepart-2003-2-page-35.htm#no3 La guerre coloniale du Bani-Volta, 1915-1916 (Burkina Faso, Mali)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20171029121219/http://www.cairn.info/revue-autrepart-2003-2-page-35.htm#no3 Archived] 29 October 2017 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback]] Machine, Autrepart, 2003</ref>Kganetso ya bofelo e ne ya gatelelwa fela ka kgwedi ya Lwetse1916. Ka nako ya fa go ne go gateletswe, metse e e fetang lekgolong 100 e ne ya senngwa ke masole a bokolone a France.<ref>''14-18 Étions-nous bien défendus ?'', Jean-Claude Flament, Société des écrivains, 2014</ref> Ka di 24 Ngwanaitsele 1958, Sudan ya France (e e neng ya fetola leina la yona go nna Republic of Sudan) e ne ya nna republic e e ipusang mo teng ga [[Setšhaba sa France]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Mali/Independent-Mali Independent Mali]". Britannica. 1946. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201119042637/https://www.britannica.com/place/Mali/Independent-Mali Archived] from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</ref>Ka Hirikgong 1959, Mali le [[Senegal]] di ne tsa kopana go nna [[Mokgatlho wa Mali]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Mali/Independent-Mali Independent Mali]". Britannica. 1946. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201119042637/https://www.britannica.com/place/Mali/Independent-Mali Archived] from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</ref> == '''Boipuso''' == Mokgatlho wa Mali o ne wa bona boipuso go tswa mo lefatsheng la France ka di 20 Seetebosigo 1960.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]]. Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditionary Army in the 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). p. 2.</ref>Senegal e ne ya ikgogela morago mo kopanong ka Phatwe 1960, e e neng ya letla Republic of Sudan go nna Republic e e ikemetseng ya Mali ka di 22 Lwetse 1960, mme letsatsi leo jaanong ke [[Letsatsi la Boipuso]] jwa lefatshe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180920234345/http://maliembassy.us/index.php/2012-02-27-16-59-35/public-holidays Public Holidays]". ''Embassy of the Republic of Mali to the United States''. Archived from [http://maliembassy.us/index.php/2012-02-27-16-59-35/public-holidays the original] on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018</ref> [[Modibo Keïta]] o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa ntlha. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]]. Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditionary Army in the 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). p. 2.</ref>O ne a tlhoma puso ya lekoko le le lengwe ka bonako, a tsaya tsela e e ikemetseng ya Aforika le ya bojammogo e e nang le dikamano tse di gaufi le Botlhaba, mme a tsenya mo tirisong bosetšhaba jo bo tseneletseng jwa metswedi ya itsholelo. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile.]] Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditionary Army in the 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). p. 2.</ref>Ka 1960, palo ya batho ba kwa Mali e ne e begwa e le di dikadike di le 4.1.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130530011412/http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/897ce24a48d43c82802565f700407640 Core document forming part of the reports of states parties: Mali.] United Nations Human Rights Website.</ref>Ka di 19 Ngwanatsele 1968, morago ga go wela tlase ga itsholelo, puso ya ga Keïta e ne ya thankgolwa ka ntwa ya sesole e e neng e eteletswe pele ke [[Moussa Traoré]],<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 3</ref>letsatsi le jaanong le ketekwang jaaka [[letsatsi la kgololesego]].<ref>"[http://aglobalworld.com/holidays-around-the-world/mali-liberation/ Liberation Day Commemorated in Mali]". [https://web.archive.org/web/20190202042457/http://aglobalworld.com/holidays-around-the-world/mali-liberation/ Archived] from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.</ref> == '''Puso ya ga Moussa Traoré''' == [[Setshwantsho:Place de la liberté - Bamako.jpg|thumb|WWI Commemorative Monument to the "Armée Noire"]] Puso e e neng ya latela e e neng e eteletswe pele ke masole, e Traoré e neng e le tautona wa yone, e ne ya leka go fetola itsholelo. Maiteko a gagwe a ne a kgorelediwa ke tlhakatlhakano ya sepolotiki le [[komelelo]] e e senyang go tloga ka 1968 go fitlha ka 1974, <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 3</ref>e mo go yone leuba le bolaileng diketekete tsa batho.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4132326.stm Mali's nomads face famine] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210224054313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4132326.stm Archived] 24 February 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]". BBC News. 9 August 2005</ref>Puso ya ga Traoré e ne ya lebana le dikhuduego tsa baithuti tse di simolotseng kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1970 le maiteko a mararo a go menola puso. Puso ya ga Traoré e ne ya gatelela batho botlhe ba ba neng ba sa dumalane le puso go fitlha kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile,]] p. 3</ref> Kganetso kgatlhanong le puso e e neng e le ya bonweenwee le ya bokgokgontshi ya Mojenerale Moussa Traoré e ne ya gola ka dingwaga tsa bo1980. Ka nako eno dithulaganyo tse di gagametseng, tse di neng di diretswe go kgotsofatsa dikopo tsa Letlole la Madi la Boditšhabatšhaba, di ne tsa lere mathata a a oketsegileng mo baaging ba lefatshe leo, fa batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba ba neng ba le gaufi le puso ba ne ba tshela ka dikhumo tse di neng di oketsega. Puso e ne ya tswelela go leka go dira diphetogo tsa itsholelo ,mme batho ba ne ba sa kgotsofala ka gope. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 3</ref>Go tsibogela ditlhokego tse di golang tsa mmuso wa batho ka batho wa makoko a mantsi, puso ya ga Traoré e letleletse kgololesego e e lekanyeditsweng ya sepolotiki kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1980, fela e ne ya gana go tsenya tirisong tsamaiso ya mmuso wa batho ka batho o o tletseng. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 3</ref> Ka 1990, mekgatlho ya kganetso e e kopaneng e ne ya simolola go tlhagelela, mme e ne ya tlhakatlhakanngwa ke go tlhatloga ga tirisodikgoka ya semorafe kwa bokone morago ga go boa ga [[Ba-Tuareg]] ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba fudugetse kwa [[Algeria]] le [[Libya]] ka nako ya komelelo. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 3</ref>Ditshupetso tsa kagiso tsa baithuti ka Hirikgong 1991 di ne tsa thibelwa setlhogo, ka go tshwarwa ga bontsi le go tlhokofadiwa ga baeteledipele le batsayakarolo. <ref>Mali March 1991 Revolution</ref>Go ne ga latela ditiro tse di neng di tletse tsa dikhuduego le go senngwa ga dikago tsa setšhaba, mme bontsi jwa ditiro tse di neng di dirwa ke ba ba neng ba ganetsa di ne di sa dirwe ka dikgoka.<ref>Mali March 1991 Revolution</ref> Go tloga ka 22 Mopitlo go fitlha ka di 26 Mopitlo 1991, go ne ga tshwarwa dikokoano tse dikgolo tse di neng di buelela puso ya batho ka batho le ditshupegetso tsa setšhaba tsotlhe mo ditoropong le kwa magaeng, tse di neng tsa itsege jaaka les évenements ("ditiragalo") kgotsa Phetogo ya Mopitlo. Kwa Bamako, go arabela ditshupegetso tse dikgolo tse di neng di rulagantswe ke baithuti ba mmadikolo mme moragonyana di ne tsa kopanngwa ke ba mokgatlho wa badiri le ba bangwe, masole a ne a thuntsha batho ba ba neng ba dira ditshupegetso tse di se nang thubakanyo. Go ne ga nna le dikhuduego ka bonako fela morago ga go thuntshiwa. Go ne ga agiwa ditshipi le go thibelwa ditsela mme Traoré o ne a bolela gore maemo a tshoganyetso a ne a le teng mme a tlhoma molao wa gore go se ka ga tsamaiwa bosigo. Le fa go ne go fopholediwa gore go sule batho ba le 300 mo malatsing a le mane, batho ba ba neng ba dira ditshupegetso ba ne ba tswelela go boela kwa Bamako letsatsi le letsatsi ba batla gore tautona wa puso ya bobusaesi a tlogele tiro le gore go tsenngwe melao ya puso ya batho ka batho mo tirisong.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110616222251/http://www.nonviolent-conflict.org/index.php/movements-and-campaigns/movements-and-campaigns-summaries?sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=34&sobi2Id=10 Nesbitt, Katherine. "Mali's March Revolution (1991])". International Center on Nonviolent Conflict. Archived from [http://www.nonviolent-conflict.org/index.php/movements-and-campaigns/movements-and-campaigns-summaries?sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=34&sobi2Id=10 the original] on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2012</ref> Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le borataro 26,ka ngwaga wa 1991 ke letsatsi le le tshwayang kgotlhang e e neng ya nna teng fa gare ga masole le baithuti ba ba neng ba dira ditshupegetso ka kagiso e e neng ya felela ka gore go bolawe batho ba le bantsi ka fa tlase ga ditaelo tsa ga Traoré. Moragonyana ene le ditsala tsa gagwe tse tharo ba ne ba sekisiwa mme ba bonwa molato mme ba atlholelwa loso ka ntlha ya seabe sa bone mo go direng ditshwetso mo letsatsing leo. Gompieno, letsatsi le ke letsatsi la boikhutso la bosetšhaba go gopola ditiragalo tse di botlhoko le batho ba ba bolailweng.<ref>Bussa, Edward (26 March 2009). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120324235624/http://www.threadster.com/2009/03/mali-march-to-democracy/ Mali's March to Democracy]". ''Threadster.com''. Archived from [http://www.threadster.com/2009/03/mali-march-to-democracy/ the original] on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012</ref><ref>Mohsin, Haroon (18 August 2022). "[https://nationaltoday.com/martyrs-day-in-mali/ Martyr's Day in Mali]". ''National Today''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231017204906/https://nationaltoday.com/martyrs-day-in-mali/ Archived] from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.</ref>Sesole sa ditlhakana tlhogo se se gakologelwa jaaka [[Phetogo ya Mopitlo ya ngwaga wa 1991]] ya kwa Mali.<ref>Turrittin, Jane (1991). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4005962 Mali: People Topple Traoré]". ''Review of African Political Economy''. '''18''' (52): 97–103. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/03056249108703927|10.1080/03056249108703927.]] [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-6244 0305-6244]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4005962 4005962]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230209170251/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4005962 Archived] from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023</ref> Ka di 26 Mopitlo, masole a ne a gana go thuntsha bontsi jwa batho ba ba neng ba le mo boipelaetsong, mme seno se ne sa felela ka dikhuduego tse di neng tsa felela ka gore diketekete tsa masole di tlogele dibetsa tsa tsone mme di ikgolaganye le mokgatlho o o neng o buelela mmuso wa batho ka batho. Mo thapameng eo, [[Lt. Col. Amadou Toumani Touré]] o ne a itsise ka radio gore o tshwere tautona wa mmusaesi, Moussa Traoré. == '''Puso ya Batho ka Batho ya makoko a mantsi''' == Mekgatlho ya kganetso e ne ya letlelelwa ka semolao, puso ya nakwana e ne ya tlhomiwa mme kopano ya bosetšhaba ya ditlhopha tsa selegae le tsa sepolotiki e ne ya kopana go kwala [[molaomotheo o montšhwa wa puso ya batho ka batho]] o o neng o tshwanetse go dumelelwa ke tumalano ya bosetšhaba.<ref>Nesbitt, Katherine. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110616222251/http://www.nonviolent-conflict.org/index.php/movements-and-campaigns/movements-and-campaigns-summaries?sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=34&sobi2Id=10 Mali's March Revolution (1991)]". International Center on Nonviolent Conflict. Archived from [http://www.nonviolent-conflict.org/index.php/movements-and-campaigns/movements-and-campaigns-summaries?sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=34&sobi2Id=10 the original] on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2012</ref><ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 3</ref>Ka 1992, [[Alpha Oumar Konaré]] o ne a fenya ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa mmuso wa batho ka batho, tsa makoko a mantsi tsa botautona, pele a tlhophiwa gape go tsaya maemo a bobedi ka 1997, e e neng e le ya bofelo go dumelelwa ka fa tlase ga molaomotheo. [[Amadou Toumani Touré]], mo general yo o tlogetseng tiro yo e neng e le moeteledipele wa letlhakore la sesole la tsogologo ya puso ya batho ka batho ya ngwaga wa 1991, o ne a tlhophiwa ka ngwaga wa 2002. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 4</ref>Ka nako ya puso ya batho ka batho, Mali e ne e tsewa jaaka nngwe ya mafatshe a a tlhomameng mo dipolotiking le mo loagong mo Aforika.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101111133055/http://www.usaid.gov/locations/sub-saharan_africa/countries/mali/ USAID Africa: Mali]. USAID. Retrieved 15 May 2008. Retrieved</ref> [[Bokgoba]] bo sa ntse bo le teng kwa Mali gompieno ka batho ba ba ka nnang 200 000 ba ba tshwerweng ka tlhamalalo ke beng ba bone.<ref>Tran, Mark (23 October 2012). "[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/oct/23/mali-conflict-freedom-slave-descendants-peril Mali conflict puts freedom of 'slave descendants' in peril"]. ''The Guardian''. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131005100538/http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/oct/23/mali-conflict-freedom-slave-descendants-peril Archived] from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2012</ref> Ka nako ya Kgaratlho ya [[Ba-Tuareg ya 2012]], makgoba a maloba e ne e le setlhopha sa batho ba ba neng ba sa sireletsega mme go ne ga begwa gore makgoba mangwe a ne a thopiwa gape ke beng ba bone ba pele.<ref>York, Geoffrey (11 November 2012). [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/mali-chaos-gives-rise-to-slavery-persecution/article5186368/ "Mali chaos gives rise to slavery, persecution".] ''The Globe and Mail''. Toronto. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161129023715/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/mali-chaos-gives-rise-to-slavery-persecution/article5186368/ Archived] from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2017.</ref> == '''Dikgotlhang kwa Bokone jwa Mali''' == [[Setshwantsho:Le Mali confronté aux sanctions et à lavancée des rebelles islamistes (6904946068).jpg|thumb|Tuareg separatist rebels in Mali, January 2012]] Ka Hirikgong 2012 go ne ga simololwa [[botsuolodi jwa Ba-Tuareg]] kwa bokone jwa Mali, bo eteletswe pele ke [[Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Kgololo ya Azawad]] (MNLA). <ref>[http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Mali-clashes-force-120-000-from-homes-20120222 Mali clashes force 120 000 from homes] [https://web.archive.org/web/20171010190149/http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Mali-clashes-force-120-000-from-homes-20120222 Archived] 10 October 2017 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. News24 (22 February 2012). Retrieved 23 February 2012.</ref>Ka Mopitlo, modiredi wa sesole [[Amadou Sanogo]] o ne a tsaya puso ka [[go menola puso]], a bua ka go retelelwa ga ga Touré mo go thibeleng botsuolodi, mme seo sa dira gore go nne le dikiletso le thibelo ke [[Economic Community of West African States.]]<ref>Callimachi, Rukmini (3 April 2012) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120404171138/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/post-coup-mali-hit-with-sanctions-by-african-neighbours/article2390504/ "Post-coup Mali hit with sanctions by African neighbours".] ''Globe and Mail''. Retrieved </ref>MNLA e ne ya tsaya taolo ya bokone ka bonako, ya bolela boipuso jwa yona jaaka [[Azawad]].<ref>[http://www.france24.com/en/20120406-france-24-exclusive-tuareg-rebels-declare-independence-mlna-mali-ansar-dine-azawad Tuareg rebels declare independence in north Mali]". France 24. 6 April 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120408061146/http://www.france24.com/en/20120406-france-24-exclusive-tuareg-rebels-declare-independence-mlna-mali-ansar-dine-azawad Archived] from the original on 8 April 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2012</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, ditlhopha tsa Islamist, go akaretsa [[Ansar Dine]] le [[Al-Qaeda mo Islamic Maghreb (AQIM]][[)]], ba ba neng ba thusitse MNLA go fenya puso, ba ne ba retologela go Tuareg mme ba tsaya taolo ya bokone<ref>Tiemoko Diallo; Adama Diarra (28 June 2012). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mali-crisis-idUSBRE85R15720120628 "Islamists declare full control of Mali's north]". ''Reuters''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200815183330/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mali-crisis/islamists-declare-full-control-of-malis-north-idUSBRE85R15720120628 Archived] from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2012.</ref> ka maikaelelo a go tsenya tirisong molao wa [[sharia]] kwa Mali.<ref>[https://archive.today/20121216092840/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h7XMRIbuZL6BjKF-U-RbRw5W30GA?docId=CNG.03a07b9823792a080c03447fb210148d.121 Mali Islamists want sharia not independence]". Agence France-Presse. 20 June 2012. Archived from [https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h7XMRIbuZL6BjKF-U-RbRw5W30GA?docId=CNG.03a07b9823792a080c03447fb210148d.121 the original] on 16 December 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2012.</ref><ref>[https://www.ictj.org/publication/possibilities-and-challenges-transitional-justice-mali "Mali Possibilities and Challenges for Transitional Justice in Mali"]. International Center for Transitional Justice. 9 January 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160918152945/https://www.ictj.org/publication/possibilities-and-challenges-transitional-justice-mali Archived] from the original on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.</ref> Ka Hirikgong 11, 2013, [[Masole a France a tsenelela|masole a]] [[Masole a France a tsenelela|France a tsenelela]] ka kopo ya puso ya nakwana ya ga tautona [[Dioncounda Traoré]]. Ka di 30 tsa Hirikgong, go ne go na le kgatelopele e e rulagantsweng ya masole a lefatshe la France le a Malian a a neng a bolela fa a kgonne go gapa gape lefelo la bofelo le le neng le setse la Islamist la Kidal, le gape e neng e le la bofelo la ditoropokgolo tsa masepala tse tharo tsa bokone. <ref>French troops retake the last remaining Islamist urban stronghold in Mali.</ref>Ka di 2 Tlhakole, tautona wa France [[François Hollande]] o ne a kopana le Dioncounda Traoré mo ponatshegong ya setshaba kwa [[Timbuktu]] e e sa tswang go thopiwa gape. [[Setshwantsho:Northern Mali conflict.svg|thumb|Map showing the fullest extent of rebel-held territory in January 2013]] Ka Phatwe 2013, [[Ibrahim Boubacar Keita]] o ne a tlhophiwa go nna [[tautona yo moša wa Mali]] mo lekghethong la bobedi [[la ditlhopho]]. <ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23677124 Ibrahim Boubacar Keita wins Mali presidential election]". ''BBC News''. 13 August 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120142538/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23677124 Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.</ref> == '''Ntwa ya Kwa Bogare Jwa Mali''' == Kwa kgaolong ya [[Mopti]] kwa bogare jwa Mali, kgotlhang e oketsegile fa e sale ka 2015 magareng ga merafe ya balemi jaaka [[Ba-Dogon]] le [[Ba-Bambara]], le badisa ba [[Ba-Fula]] [[(kana Ba-Fulani)]].<ref>[https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/in-depth/sahel-flames-Burkina-Faso-Mali-Niger-militancy-conflict "The Sahel in flames]". ''The New Humanitarian''. 31 May 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211113161848/https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/in-depth/sahel-flames-Burkina-Faso-Mali-Niger-militancy-conflict Archived] from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/07/we-used-be-brothers/self-defense-group-abuses-central-mali ""We Used to Be Brothers" | Self-Defense Group Abuses in Central Mali"]. ''Human Rights Watch''. 7 December 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190402024327/https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/07/we-used-be-brothers/self-defense-group-abuses-central-mali Archived] from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.</ref>Go ya ka ditso, matlhakore a mabedi a ne a lwa ka go bona lefatshe le metsi, mabaka a a neng a okediwa ke [[Phetogo ya tepo ya loapi|phetogo ya]] [[Phetogo ya tepo ya loapi|tepo ya loapi]],fa Fula e fudugela kwa mafelong a masha.<ref>Blake, James (29 March 2019). "[https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/29/radical-islamists-have-opened-a-new-front-in-mali/ Radical Islamists Have Opened a New Front in Mali"]. ''Foreign Policy''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190330032447/https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/29/radical-islamists-have-opened-a-new-front-in-mali/ Archived] from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.</ref>Ba Dogon le Bambara ba dirile "ditlhopha tsa go itshireletsa" <ref>[https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/07/we-used-be-brothers/self-defense-group-abuses-central-mali We Used to Be Brothers" | Self-Defense Group Abuses in Central Mali".] ''Human Rights Watch''. 7 December 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190402024327/https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/07/we-used-be-brothers/self-defense-group-abuses-central-mali Archived] from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.</ref>go lwantsha Ba-Fula. Ba latofatsa Fula ka go dira le [[Islamists]] ba ba tshwaraganeng le [[Al-Qaeda]]. <ref>"[https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/07/we-used-be-brothers/self-defense-group-abuses-central-mali "We Used to Be Brothers" | Self-Defense Group Abuses in Central Mali"]. ''Human Rights Watch''. 7 December 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190402024327/https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/07/we-used-be-brothers/self-defense-group-abuses-central-mali Archived] from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.</ref>Le fa bangwe ba Ba-Fula ba ile ba ikamanya le ditlhopha tsa Boiselamo, [[Human Rights Watch]] e bega gore dikgolagano tseno di ile tsa "fetelediwa le go dirisiwa ke batshameki ba ba farologaneng go fitlhelela maikaelelo a bone".<ref>"[https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/07/we-used-be-brothers/self-defense-group-abuses-central-mali We Used to Be Brothers" | Self-Defense Group Abuses in Central Mali"]. ''Human Rights Watch''. 7 December 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190402024327/https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/07/we-used-be-brothers/self-defense-group-abuses-central-mali Archived] from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.</ref> ''O ne a oketsa ka molaodi wa sesole wa maemo a a kwa godimo wa Mali:''<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/07/we-used-be-brothers/self-defense-group-abuses-central-mali ""We Used to Be Brothers" | Self-Defense Group Abuses in Central Mali"]. ''Human Rights Watch''. 7 December 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190402024327/https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/07/we-used-be-brothers/self-defense-group-abuses-central-mali Archived] from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.</ref> ''Ke buile ka thubakanyo e e golang le balaodi ba mme le dikgosana tsa metse go tswa mo matlhakoreng otlhe. Ee, go na le di-jihadist mo lefelong le, mme bothata jwa nnete ke bosenyi, bogodu jwa diphologolo, go baakanya melato  -  batho ba ikhumisa ka go dirisa ntwa kgatlhanong le dirukhutlhi jaaka sesiro.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/07/we-used-be-brothers/self-defense-group-abuses-central-mali ""We Used to Be Brothers" | Self-Defense Group Abuses in Central Mali"]. ''Human Rights Watch''. 7 December 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190402024327/https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/07/we-used-be-brothers/self-defense-group-abuses-central-mali Archived] from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.</ref>'' ''Ntwa e ile ya dira gore go nne le masole a Ba-Dogon le Ba-Bambara. Mmuso wa Mali o belaelwa go tshegetsa dingwe tsa ditlhopha tseno ka fa tlase ga seipato sa go nna baemedi mo ntweng kgatlhanong le Islamists mo kgotlhang ya [[Bokone jwa Mali.]] <ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/07/24/au-mali-les-liaisons-dangereuses-entre-l-etat-et-les-milices_5335256_3212.html Au Mali, les liaisons dangereuses entre l'Etat et les milices]" (in French). 24 July 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190330013608/https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/07/24/au-mali-les-liaisons-dangereuses-entre-l-etat-et-les-milices_5335256_3212.html Archived] from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.</ref>Mmuso o ganetsa seno.<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/07/24/au-mali-les-liaisons-dangereuses-entre-l-etat-et-les-milices_5335256_3212.html "Au Mali, les liaisons dangereuses entre l'Etat et les milices]" (in French). 24 July 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190330013608/https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/07/24/au-mali-les-liaisons-dangereuses-entre-l-etat-et-les-milices_5335256_3212.html Archived] from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.</ref>Leloko le lengwe la sesole ke setlhopha sa Ba-Dogon sa [[Dan Na Ambassagou]], se se tlhamilweng ka 2016.<ref>"[https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/07/we-used-be-brothers/self-defense-group-abuses-central-mali "We Used to Be Brothers" | Self-Defense Group Abuses in Central Mali"]. ''Human Rights Watch''. 7 December 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190402024327/https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/07/we-used-be-brothers/self-defense-group-abuses-central-mali Archived] from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.</ref>'' [[Setshwantsho:Modibo Sidibe voting in Bamako, 2018 Malian presidential election.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Modibo_Sidibe|Modibo Sidibe]] voting in Bamako, 2018 Malian presidential election]] Mo [[Ditlhophong tsa botautona jwa Mali tsa 2018|ditlhophong tsa]] [[Ditlhophong tsa botautona jwa Mali tsa 2018|botautona jwa Mali tsa 2018]] tse di neng di tshwerwe ka 29 Phukwi 2018, <ref>Mumbere, Daniel (10 July 2018). "[http://www.africanews.com/2018/07/10/mali-2018-presidential-election-background-to-a-critical-election-in-an/ Everything you need to know about Mali 2018 presidential election]". ''Africanews.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180724062858/http://www.africanews.com/2018/07/10/mali-2018-presidential-election-background-to-a-critical-election-in-an/ Archived] from the original on 24 July 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2018</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180212142217/http://maliactu.net/mali-election-presidentielle-2018-le-premier-tour-aura-lieu-le-dimanche-29-juillet/ Mali: Élection présidentielle 2018 : Le premier tour aura lieu le dimanche 29 juillet".] ''maliactu.net''. 12 February 2018. Archived from [http://maliactu.net/mali-election-presidentielle-2018-le-premier-tour-aura-lieu-le-dimanche-29-juillet/ the original] on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2018.</ref>ga go na moemedi ope yo o amogetseng go feta 50% ya ditlhopho mo kgetlong la ntlha. Go ne ga tshwarwa ditlhopho tsa bobedi ka 12 Phatwe 2018 fa gare ga bakgethi ba babedi ba ba kwa godimo, tautona [[Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta]] wa [[Rally for Mali]] le [[Soumaïla Cissé]] wa [[Union for the Republic and Democracy,]] mme Keïta o ne a tlhophiwa gape ka 67% ya ditlhopho.<ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/20180816-mali-incumbent-president-ibraham-boubacar-keita-wins-election Incumbent President Keita wins re-election in Mali]". ''France 24''. 16 August 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240116002945/https://www.france24.com/en/20180816-mali-incumbent-president-ibraham-boubacar-keita-wins-election Archived] from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse 2018, [[Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue]] e ne ya buisana le Dan Na Ambassagou ka go emisa ntwa ka tsela e le nngwe "ka ntlha ya kgotlhang e e kgatlhanong le setlhopha le ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa setšhaba tse di tlhometseng kwa bogareng jwa Mali". <ref>"[https://www.hdcentre.org/updates/youssouf-toloba-and-his-dan-nan-ambassagou-armed-group-sign-a-commitment-towards-a-ceasefire-in-central-mali/ Youssouf Toloba and his Dan Nan Ambassagou armed group sign a commitment towards a ceasefire in central Mali | HD Centre]". [https://web.archive.org/web/20190329224050/https://www.hdcentre.org/updates/youssouf-toloba-and-his-dan-nan-ambassagou-armed-group-sign-a-commitment-towards-a-ceasefire-in-central-mali/ Archived] from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, setlhopha se ne sa pegwa molato wa [[Polao e kgolo ya batho ba le lekgolo le masome a le borataro 160 ba motse wa Fula ka 24 Mopitlo 2019|polao e kgolo ya batho ba le]] [[Polao e kgolo ya batho ba le lekgolo le masome a le borataro 160 ba motse wa Fula ka 24 Mopitlo 2019|lekgolo le masome a le borataro 160 ba motse wa Fula ka 24 Mopitlo 2019]].<ref>"[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/united-nations-investigate-horrific-massacre-mali-190326135707656.html UN to probe 'horrific' Mali attacks as death toll jumps to 160]". Al-Jazeera. 26 March 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190329130105/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/united-nations-investigate-horrific-massacre-mali-190326135707656.html Archived] from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2019</ref>Setlhopha se ne sa ganela tlhaselo, mme morago ga moo tautona wa Malian Keita o ne a laela setlhopha go phatlalala.<ref>[https://africanarguments.org/2019/03/26/insiders-insight-explaining-the-mali-massacre/ Insiders Insight: Explaining the Mali massacre"]. ''African Arguments''. 26 March 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200918134833/https://africanarguments.org/2019/03/26/insiders-insight-explaining-the-mali-massacre/ Archived] from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2019.</ref> Mogakolodi yo o kgethegileng wa UN mo thibelong ya polao ya morafe, [[Adama Dieng]], o ne a tlhagisa ka go oketsega ga [[Tlhaolele ya kgotlhang|tlhaolele]] ya kgotlhang.<ref>"[https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/03/1035661 Central Mali: Top UN genocide prevention official sounds alarm over recent ethnically-targeted killings]". ''UN News''. 28 March 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190329172541/https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/03/1035661 Archived] from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.</ref>Ka 2020, batho ba ba fetang 600,000 ba ne ba [[fudusitswe]] ke kgotlhang kwa Mali. <ref>Giannangeli, Marco (1 November 2020). "[https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/1354747/british-army-mali-west-africa-troops-war-terrorism-royal-anglian-light-dragoons-al-qaeda Britain 'sleepwalking' into deadly conflict in war-torn West Africa".] express.co.uk. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201126044622/https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/1354747/british-army-mali-west-africa-troops-war-terrorism-royal-anglian-light-dragoons-al-qaeda Archived] from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.</ref>Lekgotla la Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng le ne la bega gore palo ya bana ba ba bolailweng mo ntweng mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse thataro tsa 2019 e ne e menagane gabedi go feta ya ngwaga otlhe wa 2018. Bontsi jwa bana ba bolailwe mo ditlhaselong tse di dirwang ke ditlhopha tsa merafe, mme bontsi jwa ditlhaselo tseno di diragetse mo tikologong ya [[Mopti]]. Go begwa gore dikolo di ka nna 900 di tswetswe le gore masole a a tlhometseng a kwadisitse bana.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/aug/13/sharp-rise-number-children-killed-mali Sharp rise in number of children killed in Mali's deadly attacks]". ''The Guardian''. 13 August 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190831235440/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/aug/13/sharp-rise-number-children-killed-mali Archived] from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019.</ref> Mo bekeng ya ntlha ya Phalane 2019, ditlhaselo tse pedi tsa jihadist mo ditoropong tsa Boulikessi le [[Mondoro]] di bolaile masole a feta masome a mabedi le botlhano 25 a Mali gaufi le molelwane le [[Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso.]]<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20250212174400/http://en.puic.org/news/10181 PUIC Secretary General condemns terrorist attacks in Mali"]. [[:en:Parliamentary_Union_of_the_OIC_Member_States|Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States]]. 8 October 2019. from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019</ref> Tautona Keïta o ne a bolela gore "ga go na ntwa ya sesole e e tla fenyang kwa Mali", a tswelela ka go re ga a akanye gore "e mo lenaneong la letsatsi gotlhelele mme e ka se re tshwenye". <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20200807131029/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/10/07/world/mali-president-dismisses-coup-speculation-jihadi-attacks-kill-dozens-troops-near-burkina-faso-border/#.Xa8-j5IzbIU Mali president dismisses coup speculation after jihadi attacks kill dozens of troops near Burkina Faso border]". ''[[:en:Japantimes.co.jp|Japantimes.co.jp]]''. 7 October 2019. from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019</ref>Ka 1 Ngwanatsele 2019, [[ba-IS-GS]] ba bolaile bobotlana masole a le masome a matlhano 50 mo [[Tlhaselong ya Indelimane|tlhaselong ya Indelimane ya 2019]] kwa [[Kgaolong ya Ménaka]] ya Mali. <ref>"[https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/militants-kill-54-attack-mali-army-post-claims-responsibility-n1075721 Militants kill 54 in attack on Mali army post, ISIS claims responsibility".] ''[[:en:NBC_News|NBC News]]''. 3 November 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.</ref>Ka Tlhakole 2020, Human Rights Watch e ne ya kwala bosetlhogo jo bo dirilweng kgatlhanong le baagi kwa Central Mali mme ya re bobotlana go bolailwe baagi ba le makgolo a le mane le masome a matlhano le borataro 456, fa makgolokgolo a ne a gobala go tloga ka Hirikgong 2019 go fitlha ka Ngwanatsele.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/02/10/how-much-more-blood-must-be-spilled/atrocities-against-civilians-central-mali "How Much More Blood Must Be Spilled?"]. ''HRW''. 10 February 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531102933/https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/02/10/how-much-more-blood-must-be-spilled/atrocities-against-civilians-central-mali Archived] from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.</ref> == '''2020s go menola puso le Assimi Goïta junta''' == [[Setshwantsho:Comité national pour le salut du Peuple - 2020 Malian coup d'Etat 2.jpg|thumb|Members of the [[:en:National_Committee_for_the_Salvation_of_the_People|National Committee for the Salvation of the People]], September 2020]] Dikhuduego tsa batho di simolotse ka 5 Seetebosigo 2020 morago ga go sa tsamaelane le maemo mo ditlhophong tsa palamente tsa Mopito le Moranang, go akaretsa le go galefa kgatlhanong le go tsewa ga moeteledipele wa kganetso [[Soumaïla Cissé]]. <ref>Ahmed, Baba (5 June 2020). "[https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/thousands-malis-capital-demand-president-step-71093627 Thousands in Mali's capital demand that president step down"]. ''ABC News''. Associated Press. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200913072323/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/thousands-malis-capital-demand-president-step-71093627 Archived] from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2020.</ref><ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/06/kidnapped-mali-politician-and-french-aid-worker-freed Kidnapped Mali politician and French aid worker freed]". ''the Guardian''. 6 October 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210603113914/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/06/kidnapped-mali-politician-and-french-aid-worker-freed Archived] from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021</ref>Go ne ga swa batho ba le lesome le motso 11 go ya go ba le masome a mabedi le boraro 23 morago ga ditshupegetso tse di neng tsa tshwarwa go tloga ka 10 go ya go 13 Seetebosigo. <ref>[https://www.cnews.fr/monde/2020-08-19/tout-comprendre-sur-la-situation-au-mali-990104 TOUT COMPRENDRE SUR LA SITUATION AU MALI"] &#x5B;Understanding everything about the situation in Mali&#x5D;. ''CNews'' (in French). 19 August 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200826193119/https://www.cnews.fr/monde/2020-08-19/tout-comprendre-sur-la-situation-au-mali-990104 Archived] from the original on 26 August 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2020.</ref>Ka Phukwi, Tautona Keïta o ne a fedisa kgotlatshekelo ya molao motheo. Maloko a sesole a eteletswe pele ke Colonel [[Assimi Goïta]] le Colonel-Major [[Ismaël Wagué]] kwa [[Kati]], [[Kgaolo ya Koulikoro,]] ba simolotse botsuolodi ka di 18 Phatwe 2020.<ref name=":5" /> Tautona Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta le Tonakgolo [[Boubou Cissé]] ba ne ba tshwarwa, mme ka bonako morago ga bosigogare Keïta o ne a itsise go rola tiro ga gagwe, a re ga a batle go bona tshololo ya madi.<ref name=":6" /> Wagué o ne a itsise go tlhamiwa ga [[Komiti ya Bosetšhaba ya Poloko ya Batho]] (CNSP) mme a solofetsa ditlhopho mo isagweng. Go ne ga tlhomiwa molao wa go tswa mo gae mme mebila ya Bamako e ne e didimetse. <ref name=":7" />[[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS) e ne ya kgala go menola puso mme ya kopa gore Keïta a busediwe jaaka tautona.<ref name=":8" /> Ka 12 Lwetse 2020, CNSP e ne ya dumela gore go nne le phetogo ya sepolotiki ya dikgwedi di le lesome le boferabobedi 18 go ya go puso ya selegae. Moragonyana fela ga foo, [[Bah N'daw]] o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa nakwana ke setlhopha sa batho ba le lesome le bosupa 17 ba ba neng ba mo tlhopha, mme Goïta o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mothusa tautona. Puso e ne ya tlhongwa ka di 25 Lwetse 2020. Ka di 18 Hirikgong 2021, puso ya nakwana e ne ya itsise gore CNSP e fedisitswe, mo e ka nnang dikgwedi di le nne morago ga go solofediwa go ya ka tumelano ya ntlha.<ref name=":9" /> Dikgotlhang magareng ga puso ya selegae ya nakwana le sesole di ne tsa oketsega morago ga go fetisiwa ga maatla ka Lwetse 2020. Dikgotlhang di ne tsa fitlha kwa setlhoeng ka di 24 Motsheganong 2021 morago ga phetogo ya khuduthamaga ya matona, koo baeteledipele ba babedi ba pheretlhego ya sesole ya 2020  -  [[Sadio Camara]] le [[Modibo Kone]]  -  ba neng ba emisediwa ke tsamaiso ya ga N'daw. <ref name=":10" />Moragonyana mo letsatsing leo, babegadikgang ba ne ba bega gore baeteledipele ba bararo ba botlhokwa ba baagi - Tautona N'daw, Tonakgolo [[Moctar Ouane]] le Tona ya Tshireletso [[Souleymane Doucouré]], ba ne ba tshwerwe kwa bothibelelong jwa sesole kwa [[Kati]], kwa ntle ga Bamako.<ref name=":11" /> Ka di 7 Seetebosigo 2021, molaodi wa sesole sa Mali Assimi Goïta o ne a ikana jaaka tautona wa nakwana.<ref name=":12" /> [[Setshwantsho:MaliWar.svg|thumb|Military situation in Mali. For a detailed map, see [[:en:Template:Mali_War_detailed_map|here.]]]] Ka 2022 le 2023, [[Islamic State]] [[kwa Greater Sahara]] e ne ya bona diphitlhelelo tse dikgolo mo [[Ntweng ya Mali]], e ne ya gapa dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa lefatshe kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Mali. [[Ansongo]] le [[Tidermène]] le bone ba ne ba tshwarwa ke setlhopha seo. <ref name=":13" />Mo bogareng jwa 2023, setlhopha sa dirukhutlhi se ne se okeditse palo ya mafelo a se neng se a laola gabedi fa e sale puso ya pele e thankgolwa le go tlhongwa ga puso ya sepolotiki.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2023/08/26/1196189708/islamic-state-mali-al-qaida-west-africa-extremist ''NPR: Islamic State group almost doubled its territory in Mali in under a year, U.N. says'',] NPR, 2023, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230827063702/https://www.npr.org/2023/08/26/1196189708/islamic-state-mali-al-qaida-west-africa-extremist archived] from the original on 27 August 2023, retrieved 27 August 2023</ref> Ka di 10 Hirikgong 2022, Mali e ne ya itsise go tswalwa ga melelwane ya yona mme ya bitsa baemedi ba le mmalwa go tswa kwa dinageng tsa ECOWAS go arabela dikotlhao tse di beilweng mo Mali ka go busetsa morago ditlhopho ka dingwaga di le nne. <ref>Ahmed, Baba (10 January 2022). "[https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Mali-s-junta-deplores-new-sanctions-imposed-by-16763433.php Mali's junta deplores new sanctions imposed by regional bloc"]. ''SFGate''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220110161440/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Mali-s-junta-deplores-new-sanctions-imposed-by-16763433.php Archived] from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022</ref>Ka di 4 Tlhakole, moemedi wa France o ne a kobiwa.<ref>"[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/5/thousands-in-mali-celebrate-expulsion-of-french-ambassador Thousands in Mali celebrate expulsion of French ambassador | Armed Groups News".] Al Jazeera. 5 February 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220207034714/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/5/thousands-in-mali-celebrate-expulsion-of-french-ambassador Archived] from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.</ref>Go ya ka [[Human Rights Watch]], masole a Malian le ba ba belaelwang gore ke masole a Russia a a hirilweng go tswa kwa [[Wagner Group]] ba bolaile banna ba le 300 ba e neng e se masole kwa bogareng jwa Mali ka Mopitlwe 2022. France e ne e simolotse go ntsha masole a France go tswa kwa Mali ka Tlhakole 2022, go simolola bokhutlo jwa [[Operation Barkhane.]]<ref>"[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60997602 Mali troops and suspected Russian fighters accused of massacre]". ''BBC News''. 5 April 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220406192814/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60997602 Archived] from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.</ref> Ka di 2 Motsheganong, puso ya sesole e ne ya itsise go roba ditumalano tsa yona tsa tshireletso tse di rurifaditsweng ka 2013 le France, e leng kgato e nngwe gape ya go senyega ga dikamano tsa Malian-French.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/3/malis-junta-breaks-off-from-defence-accords-with-france Mali: Military government breaks defence accords with France]". ''AlJazeera.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220509235754/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/3/malis-junta-breaks-off-from-defence-accords-with-france Archived] from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved </ref> Kitsiso eno ya bofelo e ne ya tshwaiwa diphoso ke balaodi ba France mme ya tsewa e le "e e seng ka fa molaong". <ref>[https://www.theafricareport.com/201855/mali-france-opposed-to-assimi-goitas-junta-demanding-an-end-to-defence-agreements/ Mali: France opposed to Assimi Goïta's junta demanding an end to defence agreements]". ''The Africa Report.com''. 9 May 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220509155505/https://www.theafricareport.com/201855/mali-france-opposed-to-assimi-goitas-junta-demanding-an-end-to-defence-agreements/ Archived] from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022</ref>Setlhopha sa UN se begile gore mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa 2022, go bolailwe baagi ba le 543 mme ba le 269 ba ne ba gobala, ba tlhagisa gore tumelano ya kagiso ya 2015 magareng ga puso le ditlhopha tse di leng kgatlhanong le boipuso e ne e tshosediwa ke kotsi ya kgotlhang e e ka nnang teng lekgetlho la ntlha mo dingwageng di le tlhano. Pegelo e e lemogile gape koketsego e kgolo mo palong ya batho ba ba tlhokang thuso ya botho mo ngwageng o o fetileng.<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/un-experts-malian-military-white-015227805.html UN experts: Malian military and 'white' soldiers killed 33]". ''Yahoo News''. 5 August 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220806021317/https://news.yahoo.com/un-experts-malian-military-white-015227805.html Archived] from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.</ref> [[Sergey Lavrov]], tona wa tsa kwa ntle wa Russia, o ne a etela Bamako ka di 7 Tlhakole 2023 mme a re Moscow e tla tswelela go thusa Mali go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa sesole sa yone.<ref>[https://www.euronews.com/2023/02/08/russian-foreign-minister-sergei-lavrov-visits-mali-in-sign-of-deepening-ties Russian Foreign Minister visits Mali in sign of deepening ties]". ''EuroNews''. 8 February 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230208210854/http://www.euronews.com/2023/02/08/russian-foreign-minister-sergei-lavrov-visits-mali-in-sign-of-deepening-ties Archived] from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved </ref> Ka Seetebosigo 2023, Mali e ne ya tlosa Sefora, puo ya mmuso wa pele wa bokoloniale, jaaka puo ya semmuso ka tumelelo ya molao motheo o mošwa ka 97% ya batlhophi mo [[referandamong]] e e neng e tshwerwe ke lekgotla la sepolotiki.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/08/03/mali-french-new-constitution/ Mali demotes French, language of its former colonizer, in symbolic move".] ''Washington Post''. 4 August 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230803234614/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/08/03/mali-french-new-constitution/ Archived] from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.</ref>Ka di 7 Lwetse 2023, al-Qaeda e ne ya golaganya [[JNIM]] go [[tlhasela]] sekepe mo [[Nokeng ya Niger,]] ba bolaya bonnye baagi ba le 154.<ref>"[https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2023/11/01/mali-les-groupes-islamistes-armes-et-larmee-prennent-les-civils-pour-cible Mali : Les groupes islamistes armés et l'armée prennent les civils pour cible]" (in French). [[:en:Human_Rights_Watch|Human Rights Watch]]. 1 November 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231214185052/https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2023/11/01/mali-les-groupes-islamistes-armes-et-larmee-prennent-les-civils-pour-cible Archived] from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</ref> Ka July 2024, [[CSP-DPA]] batsuolodi le JNIM ba bolaile makgolokgolo a masole a Russia le masole a puso ya Mali ka nako ya [[Ntwa ya Tinzaouaten]].<ref>Darya Tarasova; Tim Lister; Avery Schmitz (29 July 2024). "[https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/29/africa/russian-mercenaries-wagner-killed-mali-intl-latam/index.html Dozens of Russian mercenaries killed in rebel ambush in Mali, in their worst known loss in Africa]". ''CNN''. Retrieved 30 July 2024.</ref> Ka di 5 Phatwe 2024 Republic of Mali e ne ya itsise gore e kgaola dikamano tsa sedipolomate le Ukraine.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240805181211/https://newsukraine.rbc.ua/news/mali-announces-severance-of-diplomatic-relations-1722838542.html Mali announces severance of diplomatic relations with Ukraine"]. [[:en:RBC-Ukraine|РБК]]. 5 August 2024. Archived from [https://newsukraine.rbc.ua/news/mali-announces-severance-of-diplomatic-relations-1722838542.html the original] on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c78ld18lgr9o "Was Ukraine's role in big Wagner defeat an own goal in Africa]?". ''BBC News''. </ref> Ka di 17 Lwetse 2024, al-Qaeda e ne ya golaganngwa le JNIM ba [[tlhasela mafelo a le mmalwa]] go ralala Bamako, ba bolaya batho ba le 77 mme ba gobatsa ba bangwe ba le 255.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/20/attack-by-al-qaeda-linked-group-in-mali-killed-more-than-70-people Attack by al-Qaeda linked group in Mali killed more than 70 people][[:en:Al_Jazeera_English|". Al Jazeera English]]. 17 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024</ref> == '''Dipopego tsa lefatshe''' == [[Setshwantsho:Mali sat.png|thumb|Satellite image of Mali]] Mali ke lefatshe le le dikaganyêditswêng ke mafatshe a mangwê, ka jalo ga le a bapa le lewatle kwa Aforika Bophirima, e e kwa borwabophirima jwa [[Algeria]]. E fa gare ga latitude [[10°]] le [[25°N]], le longitude [[13°W]] le [[5°E]]. Mali e bapile le molelwane le Algeria kwa [[bokone-bokone-botlhaba]], [[Niger]] kwa [[botlhaba]], [[Burkina Faso]] kwa [[borwabotlhaba]], [[Ivory Coast]] kwa [[borwa]], [[Guinea]] kwa [[borwabophirima]], le [[Senegal]] kwa [[bophirima]] le [[Mauritania]] kwa [[Bokone Bophirima|bokone-bophirima]].<ref>Griffiths, Ieuan (July 1986). "The Scramble for Africa: Inherited Political Boundaries". ''The Geographical Journal''. '''152''' (2): 204–216. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986GeogJ.152..204G 1986GeogJ.152..204G.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:]][[doi:10.2307/634762|10.2307/634762]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0016-7398 0016-7398]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/634762 634762].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Hand der Fatima.jpg|thumb|Landscape in [[:en:Hombori|Hombori]]]] [[Setshwantsho:Koppen-Geiger Map MLI present.svg|thumb|Mali map of Köppen climate classification]] Ka 1,240,192 square kilometres (478,841 sq mi), <ref>[[:en:CIA|Central Intelligence Agency]] (27 April 2021). "[[:en:Mali#|Africa: Mali – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency]]". ''CIA.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032030/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ Archived] from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref> Mali ke lefatshe [[la bo masome a mabedi le bone 24 ka bogolo mo lefatsheng]] ebile ke lefatshe [[La borobabobedi 8 ka bogolo mo Aforika|la]] [[La borobabobedi 8 ka bogolo mo Aforika|borobabobedi 8 ka bogolo mo Aforika]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-African-countries-by-area List of African countries by area]". ''www.britannica.com''. 27 September 2024</ref>Le lekana ka bogolo le Afrika Borwa kgotsa [[Angola]]. Bontsi jwa lefatshe le bo kwa borwa jwa [[Sekaka sa Sahara]], se se dirang gore go nne le [[lefelo le le mogote thata le le tletseng lerole la kwa Sudan.]]<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile,]] p. 5</ref> Lefatshe la Mali le legolo le bo sephaphathi, mme fa o leba kwa bokone o fitlhela go na le dipoa tse di tletseng [[motlhaba]]. Thaba ya [[Adrar des Ifoghas]] e kwa bokonebotlhaba.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-African-countries-by-area "List of African countries by area]". ''www.britannica.com''. 27 September 2024.</ref> Mali e mo [[kgaolong e e mogote]] thata mme ke nngwe ya mafatshe a a mogote go gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng. [[Mogare wa mogote]], o o tsamaelanang le mafelo a a mogote thata ngwaga otlhe mo lefatshing e e ikaegileng ka palogare ya mogote wa letsatsi le letsatsi ya ngwaga, o kgabaganya lefatshe .<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 5</ref> Bontsi jwa Mali bo amogela pula e nnye mme komelelo e diragala gantsi.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 5</ref>Go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa Moranang go ya kwa tshimologong ya Phalane ke paka ya dipula kwa karolong e e kwa borwa. Mo nakong eno, go na le merwalela ya Noka ya Niger, e e dirang gore go nne le [[karolo e e kwa teng ya Noka ya Niger]]. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 5</ref>Karolo e kgolo ya sekaka sa bokone jwa Mali e na le tepo loapi e e [[mogote ya sekaka]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] BWh) ka selemo se se telele, se se mogote thata le pula e e kwa tlase e e fokotsegang go ya kwa bokone. Lefelo le le fa gare le na le [[Tepo loapi e e mogote e e omeletseng|tepo loapi e e mogote]] [[Tepo loapi e e mogote e e omeletseng|e e omeletseng]] (Köppen climate classification BSh) e e nang le mogote o o kwa godimo thata ngwaga otlhe, paka e telele e e omeletseng le paka e khutshwane ya dipula tse di sa feleng. Dikarolo tse di kwa borwa di na le [[tepo loapi ya boboatsatsi e e bongola le e e omileng.]] (Köppen climate classification Aw) Ka kakaretso, tepo loapi ya kwa Mali ke ya boboatsatsi, mme ka Mopitlo go ya go Motsheganong paka e e mogote le e e omileng. Go na pula go tloga ka Seetebosigi go ya go Phalane,go bongola e bile go bonolo. Ngwaga wa serame le komelelo o simolola ka Ngwanatsele go fitlha ka Tlhakole. Mali e na le metswedi e mentsi ya tlholego, mme gauta, uranium, [[phosphate]], [[kaolinite]], letswai le [[kapoko]] di dirisiwa thata. Mali e lekanyediwa gore e na le ditone tse di fetang 17,400 tsa uranium (e e lekantsweng + e e supilweng + e e fopholediwang).<ref>[http://www.wise-uranium.org/uoafr.html#ML Uranium Mine Ownership – Africa] [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20200415020226/http://www.wise%2Duranium.org/uoafr.html#ML Archived] 15 April 2020 at [[:en:Archive-It|Archive-It.]] Wise-uranium.org. Retrieved 24 March 2013.</ref><ref>Muller, CJ and Umpire, A (22 November 2012) [http://www.sedar.com/GetFile.do?lang=EN&docClass=24&issuerNo=00022459&fileName=/csfsprod/data138/filings/02005552/00000001/y%3A\Web_Documents\RADAR\E3\RCGQ\14JA13046\121122TR_Falea_cn.pdf An Independent Technical Report on the Mineral Resources of Falea Uranium, Copper and Silver Deposit, Mali, West Africa] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210824024212/https://www.sedar.com/GetFile.do?lang=EN&docClass=24&issuerNo=00022459&fileName=%2Fcsfsprod%2Fdata138%2Ffilings%2F02005552%2F00000001%2Fy%3A%5CWeb_Documents%5CRADAR%5CE3%5CRCGQ%5C14JA13046%5C121122TR_Falea_cn.pdf Archived] 24 August 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Minxcon.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2012, go ne ga lemogiwa gore go na le lefelo le lengwe gape le le nang le uranium kwa bokone.<ref>[http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Others/Uranium-in-Africa/ Uranium in Africa] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140417025834/http://world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Others/Uranium-in-Africa/ Archived] 17 April 2014 at the [https://web.archive.org/web/20140417025834/http://world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Others/Uranium-in-Africa/ Wayback Machine.] World-nuclear.org. Retrieved 24 March 2013.</ref> Mali e lebagane le dikgwetlho di le dintsi tsa tikologo, go akaretsa go [[fetoga ga lefatshe]],[[sekaka]], [[go rengwa ga dikgwa,]] [[kgotlhego ya mmu,]] le go se nne teng ga [[metsi a a nowang]] a a [[lekaneng]]. == '''Mefutafuta ya Ditshedi''' == Di-ecoregion tse tlhano tsa lefatshe di mo melelwaneng ya Mali: [[Savanna]] ya [[Acacia ya Sahelian]], [[Savanna ya Bophirima]] ya [[Sudan, Savanna]] [[e e ka fa gare ya Niger Delta]] e e nang le metsi, [[dithaba le dikgwa tsa Sahara Borwa]], le [[dikgwa tsa xeric tsa dithaba tsa Sahara Bophirima.]] <ref>Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287 An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"]. ''BioScience''. '''67''' (6): 534–545. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:]][[doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014|10.1093/biosci/bix014]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3568 0006-3568]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287 5451287]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28608869 28608869].</ref>Lefatshe le ne le na le tekanyetso ya 2019 [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index]] ya 7.16/10, e e beileng mo maemong a bo masome a le matlhano le motso 51 lefatshe ka bophara mo dinageng di le lekgolo le masome a le bosupa le bobedi 172.<ref>Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057 Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material".] ''Nature Communications''. '''11''' (1): 5978. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatCo..11.5978G 2020NatCo..11.5978G]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3|10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2041-1723 2041-1723]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057 7723057]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33293507 33293507].</ref> == '''Dipolotiki le puso''' == '''Puso''' [[Setshwantsho:Assimi Goita, August 2021.png|thumb|[[:en:Assimi_Goita|Assimi Goita]], interim president of [[:en:2021_Malian_coup_d'état|Mali since 2021 Malian coup]] [[:en:2021_Malian_coup_d'état|d'état]]]] Go fitlha ka phenyo ya sesole ya di 22 Mopitlo 2012,<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/mali/9161930/UN-Security-council-condemns-Mali-coup.html UN Security Council condemns Mali coup] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201128100600/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/mali/9161930/UN-Security-council-condemns-Mali-coup.html Archived] 28 November 2020 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Telegraph (23 March 2012). Retrieved 24 March 2013.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120323134828/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/mali/9161659/US-condemns-Mali-coup-amid-reports-of-looting.html Video: US condemns Mali coup amid reports of looting]. Telegraph (22 March 2012). Retrieved 24 March 2013.</ref>Mali e ne e le [[puso ya batho ka batho ya molao motheo]] e e laolwang ke molao motheo wa di 12 Hirikgong 1992, o o neng wa fetolwa ka 1999.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 14.</ref> Molao motheo o tlamela ka kgaogano ya maatla magareng ga makala a puso a khuduthamaga, [[peomolao]] [[le boatlhodi]].<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 14</ref>Tsamaiso ya puso e ka tlhalosiwa jaaka "[[tautona yo o sa reng sepe]]".<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 14</ref> Taolo ya khuduthamaga e mo diatleng tsa ga tautona, yo o tlhophiwang ka dingwaga di le tlhano ka [[ditlhopho tsa botlhe]] mme o lekanyeditswe ka paka ya dingwaga di le pedi.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 14</ref><ref>[[:en:Mali#Const|Constitution of Mali]], Art. 30</ref> Tautona o dira jaaka [[Tlhogo ya lefatshe|tlhogo ya]] [[Tlhogo ya lefatshe|lefatshe]] e le [[molaodi-mogolo wa masole]].<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 14</ref> <ref>[[:en:Mali#Const|Constitution of Mali,]] Art. 29 & 46</ref>Tonakgolo e e tlhophilweng ke tautona o dira jaaka tlhogo ya puso mme ka go rialo o tlhoma Khansele ya Ditona. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 14</ref><ref>[[:en:Mali#Const|Constitution of Mali,]] Art. 38</ref>Kopano ya Bosetšhaba ya [[Phuthego ya matona]] e e nang le ntlo e le nngwe ke yone fela e e dirang molao kwa Mali, e e nang le batlhankedi ba ba tlhophilweng ka paka ya dingwaga di le tlhano.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 15</ref><ref>[[:en:Mali#Const|Constitution of Mali,]] Art. 59 & 61</ref>Morago ga ditlhopho tsa 2007, [[Alliance for Democracy and Progress]] e ne ya nna le ditulo di le 113 mo go tse 160 mo kgotlapeomolao.<ref>(in French) Koné, Denis. [http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200708131307.html Mali: "Résultats définitifs des Législatives]" [https://web.archive.org/web/20121229150933/http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200708131307.html Archived] 29 December 2012 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. ''[[:en:Les_Échos_(Mali)|Les Echos]]'' ([[:en:Bamako|Bamako]]) (13 August 2007). Retrieved </ref>Kopano e tshwara dikopano di le pedi tsa tlwaelo ngwaga le ngwaga, mo go tsone e ngangisanang le go tlhopha ka molao o o tlisitsweng ke leloko kgotsa ke puso.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile,]] p. 15</ref><ref>[[:en:Mali#Const|Constitution of Mali,]] Art. 65</ref> Molao motheo wa Mali o tlamela ka tsamaiso ya boatlhodi e e ikemetseng,<ref>[[:en:Mali#Const|Constitution of Mali,]] Art. 81</ref><ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile,]] p. 15</ref> fela khuduthamaga e tswelela go nna le tlhotlheletso mo tsamaisong ya boatlhodi ka maatla a go thapa baatlhodi le go okamela ditiro tsa boatlhodi le tiragatso ya molao.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 15</ref>Dikgotlatshekelo tse di kwa godimo tsa kwa Mali ke Kgotlatshekelo ya Makgaolakgang, e e nang le dithata tsa boatlhodi le tsamaiso, le Kgotlatshekelo ya molao motheo e e farologaneng e e nayang tshekatsheko ya boatlhodi ya melao ya molao mme e dira jaaka moatlhodi wa ditlhopho.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 15</ref><ref>[[:en:Mali#Const|Constitution of Mali,]] Art. 83–94</ref>Dikgotlatshekelo tse di farologaneng tse di kwa tlase di teng, le fa go le jalo dikgosana tsa metse le bagolwane ba rarabolola dikgotlhang tse dintsi tsa selegae mo mafelong a magae.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 15</ref> Mmuso wa phetogelo o buseditse morago nako ya ditlhopho tse dintšhwa, tse di neng di tshwanetse go tshwarwa ka Tlhakole 2022, go ya go Tlhakole 2024.<ref>[https://www.africanews.com/2022/07/01/malis-transition-govt-sets-february-2024-for-presidential-election// Mali's transition govt sets February 2024 for presidential election]". ''AfricaNews''. 1 July 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230818190836/https://www.africanews.com/2022/07/01/malis-transition-govt-sets-february-2024-for-presidential-election// Archived] from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023</ref>E le go fetola maitlamo a puso a ditlhopho tsa 2024, [[ECOWAS]] e dumetse go tlosa dikiletso mo lefatsheng.<ref>Melly, Paul (6 July 2022). "[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62037317 Mali coup: How junta got Ecowas economic sanctions lifted".] ''BBC''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230805123950/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62037317 Archived] from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023</ref> == '''Dikamano tsa kwa ntle le mafatshe a mangwe''' == [[Setshwantsho:Rutte and Touré.jpg|thumb|Former President of Mali [[:en:Amadou_Toumani_Touré|Amadou Toumani Touré]] and Minister-president of the Netherlands [[:en:Mark_Rutte|Mark Rutte]]]] [[Setshwantsho:Malick Diaw and Vyacheslav Volodin (2023-03-19).jpg|thumb|Representatives of Mali and [[:en:Russia|Russia]] at the 2nd International Parliamentary Conference “Russia-Africa” in Moscow, 19 March 2023]] Go fitlha ka 2012, leano la boditšhabatšhaba la Mali le ne la nna le go nna pragmatic le pro-Western ka nako. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 17</ref>Fa e sale go tlhomiwa puso ya puso ya batho ka batho ka 2002, dikamano tsa Mali le Bophirima ka kakaretso [[le United States]] ka go kgethega di tokafetse thata.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 17</ref>Mali e na le kamano e telele le France, [[Mmusi wa pele wa Bokolone|mmusi wa pele wa]] [[Mmusi wa pele wa Bokolone|Bokolone]]. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile,]] p. 17</ref>Mali e ne e dira mo mekgatlhong ya kgaolo jaaka [[African Union]] go fitlha e emisiwa ka ntlha ya [[coup d'état ya 2012]] ya kwa Mali.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 17</ref><ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/03/2012323134643629717.html "ion suspends Mali over coup]". Al Jazeera. 23 March 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120325235036/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/03/2012323134643629717.html Archived] from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2012.</ref> Go dira go laola le go rarabolola dikgotlhang tsa kgaolo, jaaka kwa [[Ivory Coast]], [[Liberia]], le [[Sierra Leone]], ke nngwe ya maikaelelo a magolo a maitlamo a boditšhabatšhaba ya Mali.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 17</ref>Mali e ikutlwa e tshoseditswe ke kgonagalo ya go phatlalala ga dikgotlhang mo mafatsheng a boagisani, mme dikamano le baagisani bao gantsi ga di a siama.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 17</ref>Go tlhoka tshireletsego go go akaretsang mo melelwaneng ya kwa bokone, go akaretsa le [[go thukhutha]] le borukhutlhi, e santse e le mathata a a tshwenyang mo dikamanong tsa kgaolo.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 17</ref> Kwa tshimologong ya 2019[[, Al Qaeda]] e ne ya ikarabela ka tlhaselo ya bothibelelo jwa [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng]] kwa Mali e e neng ya bolaya masole a kagiso a le lesome 10 go tswa kwa [[Chad]]. Go ne ga begwa gore batho ba le masome a mabedi le botlhano 25 ba ne ba gobetse mo tlhaselong. Al Qaeda e ne ya bolela gore lebaka la go tlhasela e ne e le gore Chad e ne e tsosolositse dikamano tsa sedipolomate le Israel. Setheo seno se ne sa tlhaselwa kwa [[Anguelhok]], motse o o mo kgaolong e e sa tlhomamang ya lefatshe leo.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 17</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/20/world/africa/united-nations-peacekeepers-killed-mali.html Al Qaeda Claims U.N. Peacekeeper Attack That Killed 10 in Mali]". ''NY Times''. 20 January 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190121175200/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/20/world/africa/united-nations-peacekeepers-killed-mali.html Archived] from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.</ref> == '''Tsa sesole''' == [[Mabotho a sesole a Mali]] a na le sesole, se se akaretsang mabotho a lefatshe le sesole sa sefofane, <ref>[[:en:CIA|Central Intelligence Agency]] (27 April 2021). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210109155852/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali Africa: Mali – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency]". ''CIA.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032030/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ Archived] from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref> mmogo le Gendarmerie ya sesole le Tshireletso ya Rephaboliki, tseo tsotlhe di laolwang ke Lefapha la Tshireletso la Mali le Veterans, tse [[di eteletsweng pele ke moagi]]. == '''Dikgaolo setoropo le dikgaolo''' == [[Setshwantsho:Cartes des régions du Mali,depuis 2023.png|thumb|Regions of Mali since 2023]] [[Setshwantsho:Regions of Mali 2016 (2).png|thumb|''The "Regions of Mali Image Map" template doesn't yet have a description, but there might be some information on the'' [[:en:Template:Regions_of_Mali_Image_Map|template's page''.'']]]] Fa e sale ka 2016, Mali e kgaogantswe ka dikgaolo di le lesome le kgaolo ya Bamako.<ref>Martin, Phillip L. (2006). ''Managing Migration: The Promise of Cooperation''. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. p. 134. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1341-7|<bdi>978-0-7391-1341-7</bdi>.]]</ref> Kgaolo nngwe le nngwe e na le molaodi. <ref>[[:en:Mali#DiPiazza|DiPiazza,]] p. 37</ref>Tiragatso ya dikgaolo tse pedi tse disha, Taoudénit (e e kileng ya bo e le karolo ya Kgaolo ya Tombouctou) le Ménaka (e e kileng ya bo e le [[Ménaka Cercle]] kwa Kgaolong ya Gao), e ntse e tsweletse go tloga ka Hirikgong 2016;<ref>[https://minusma.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/160328_sg_report_mali_english.pdf Report of the Secretary-General on the situation in Mali]" (PDF). [[:en:MINUSMA|MINUSMA]]. 28 March 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170222055230/https://minusma.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/160328_sg_report_mali_english.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017</ref><ref>[http://malijet.com/la_societe_malienne_aujourdhui/144815-regionalisation-deux-nouvelles-regions-creees-au-mali.html Régionalisation: Deux Nouvelles régions créées au Mali"]. Malijet. 21 January 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170222105836/http://malijet.com/la_societe_malienne_aujourdhui/144815-regionalisation-deux-nouvelles-regions-creees-au-mali.html Archived] from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.</ref>mmusi le khansele ya phetogo e tlhophilwe mo dikgaolong ka bobedi.<ref>[https://minusma.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/sg_report_on_the_situation_in_mali_december_2016.pdf Report of the Secretary-General on the situation in Mali]" (PDF). MINUSMA. 30 December 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170129153531/http://minusma.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/sg_report_on_the_situation_in_mali_december_2016.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.</ref> Fa e sale ka 2023, Mali e tsentse dikgaolo tse dintshwa di le robobongwe mo tsamaisong ya yone ya tsamaiso, e leng se se dirang gore palogotlhe e nne dikgaolo di le lesome le boferabongwe 19 mmogo le kgaolo ya Bamako. Go rulaganngwa sesha gono go ikaeletse go tokafatsa puso le go dira gore ditirelo tsa puso di nne gaufi le batho ba lefelo leo. Kgatelopele e, e tsweletsa maiteko a go dira gore go nne le taolo e e kwa tlase a a simolotseng ka go tlhamiwa ga dikgaolo tsa Taoudénit le Ménaka ka 2016. Dikgaolo tse di lesome le borobabongwe di kgaogantswe ka [[dikgaolo]] di le 159 le [[bommasepala]] [[ba le 815]].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20120309073942/http://www.matcl.gov.ml/PDF/LoiCreationCercleReg.pdf Loi N°99-035/ Du 10 Aout 1999 Portant Creation des Collectivites Territoriales de Cercles et de Regions"] (PDF) (in French). Ministère de l'Administration Territoriales et des Collectivités Locales, République du Mali. 1999. Archived from [http://www.matcl.gov.ml/PDF/LoiCreationCercleReg.pdf the original] (PDF) on 9 March 2012</ref><ref>Djiguiba, Issa (21 September 2024). "[https://www.ortm.ml/decoupage-administratif-et-territorial-la-nouvelle-carte-administrative-du-mali-operationnelle Administrative and territorial division: the new administrative map of Mali is operational]". ''www.ortm.ml''. Retrieved 6 November 2024.</ref> Dikgaolo le [[:en:Regions_of_Mali|Kgaolo]] ya Motsemogolo ke:<ref>Coulibaly, Bassidi (October 2013). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20250213015112/https://arpdeveloppement.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/A_14_Theme_9_DGAT.pdf Etats Generaux De La Decentralisation (in French)]" (PDF). ''arpdeveloppement.com''. Retrieved 6 November 2024</ref><ref>[https://www.instat-mali.org/laravel-filemanager/files/shares/rgph/rapport-resultats-globaux-rgph5_rgph.pdf CINQUIEME RECENSEMENT GENERAL DE LA POPULATION ET DE L'HABITAT (in French)"] (PDF). ''www.instat-mali.org''. November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2024.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Palo !Leina la kgaolo !Lefelo (km2) !Baagi Dipalopalo tsa 2023 |- |00 |[[Bamako Capital District]] |252 |4,227,569 |- |'''01''' |[[Kayes]] |62,914 |1,840,329 |- |02 |[[Koulikoro]] |71,178 |2,255,157 |- |03 |[[Sikasso]] |21,378 |1,533,123 |- |04 |[[Ségou]] |31,996 |2,455,263 |- |05 |[[Mopti]] |49,077 |935,579 |- |06 |[[Tombouctou]] |180,781 |974,278 |- |07 |[[Gao]] |89,532 |727,517 |- |08 |[[Kidal]] |151,430 |83,192 |- |09 |[[Taoudénit]] |323,326 |100,358 |- |10 |[[Ménaka]] |81,040 |318,876 |- |11 |Bougouni |41,052 |1,570,979 |- |12 |Dioila |12,984 |675,965 |- |13 |Nioro |24,179 |678,061 |- |14 |Koutiala |14,739 |1,169,882 |- |15 |Kita |44,175 |681,671 |- |16 |Nara |26,213 |307,777 |- |17 |Bandiagara |25,709 |868,916 |- |18 |San |15,516 |820,807 |- |19 |Douentza |63,515 |170,189 |- | |'''Palogotlhe''' |1,240,192 |22,395,489 |} == '''Itsholelo''' == [[Setshwantsho:Djenne market.jpg|thumb|A market scene in [[:en:Djenné|Djenné]]]] [[Setshwantsho:Mali Product Exports (2019).svg|thumb|A proportional representation of Mali exports, 2019]] [[Setshwantsho:Kalabougou potters (6392346).jpg|thumb|[[:en:Kalabougou|Kalabougou]] potters]] [[Setshwantsho:Usine de coton CMDT.png|thumb|Cotton processing at CMDT]] [[Central Bank of West African States]] e tlhokomela merero ya madi ya Mali le maloko a mangwe a [[Economic Community of West African States]].Mali e tsewa e le nngwe ya mafatshe a a humanegileng go gaisa mo lefatsheng.<ref>This reference is defined in a template or other generated block, and for now can only be edited in source mode. This reference is used 12 times on this page</ref> Moputso wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa modiri ke mo e ka nnang US$1,500.<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Mali]". [[:en:U.S._State_Department|U.S. State Department]]. May 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194505/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Archived] from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2008</ref> [[Setshwantsho:GDP per capita development of Mali.svg|thumb|GDP per capita development of Mali]] Mali e ne ya dira diphetogo tsa itsholelo, go simolola ka 1988 ka go saena ditumalano le [[World Bank]] le [[International Monetary Fund]].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194505/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Mali]". [[:en:U.S._State_Department|U.S. State Department]]. May 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194505/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Archived] from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2008.</ref> Ka 1988 go fitlha ka 1996, puso ya Mali e ne ya fetola dikgwebo tsa setšhaba. Fa e sale tumelano e, dikgwebo di le lesome le borataro di ne tsa tsenngwa mo mebarakeng ya mohama o o ikemetseng, di le 12 di ne tsa tsenngwa mo mebarakeng ya mohama o o ikemetseng ka bontlhabongwe, mme di le 20 di ne tsa phimolwa.<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Mali]". [[:en:U.S._State_Department|U.S. State Department]]. May 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194505/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Archived] from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2008.</ref> Ka 2005, puso ya Mali e ne ya neela kompone ya seporo go Savage Corporation.<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Mali]". [[:en:U.S._State_Department|U.S. State Department]]. May 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194505/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Archived] from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2008.</ref> Ditlamo tse pedi tse dikgolo, Societé de Telecommunications du Mali [[(SOTELMA)]] le Cotton Ginning Company [[(CMDT)]], di ne di solofetswe go tsenngwa mo mebarakeng ya poraefete ka 2008.<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Mali"]. [[:en:U.S._State_Department|U.S. State Department]]. May 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194505/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Archived] from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2008.</ref> Magareng ga 1992 le 1995, Mali e ne ya tsenya tirisong lenaneo la itsholelo le le neng la felela ka kgolo ya itsholelo le go fokotsa go sa lekalekane ga tsa madi. Thulaganyo e ne ya oketsa maemo a loago le la itsholelo [<nowiki/>[[vague]]], mme ya dira gore Mali e tsenele [[Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Kgwebisano]] ka di 31 Motsheganong 1995.<ref>[http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mali_e.htm Mali and the WTO] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130211173417/http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mali_e.htm Archived] 11 February 2013 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine.]] World Trade Organization. Retrieved 24 March 2013.</ref> Mali gape ke leloko la [[Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA)]].<ref>[http://www.ohada.com/index.php OHADA.com: The business law portal in Africa"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090326033744/http://www.ohada.com/index.php Archived] from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009.</ref>Gross domestic product (GDP) e ile ya tlhatloga fa e sale go tloga ka nako eo. Ka 2002, GDP e ne e le US$3.4 billion,<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 9</ref> mme e ne ya oketsega go US$5.8 billion ka 2005,<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Mali".] [[:en:U.S._State_Department|U.S. State Department]]. May 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194505/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Archived] from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2008</ref>e e leng bokana ka 17.6% ya kgolo ya ngwaga le ngwaga. Mali ke karolo ya "Zone Franc" (Zone Franc), se se rayang gore e dirisa [[CFA franc]]. Mali e golagane le puso ya France ka tumelano go tloga ka 1962 (go tlhamiwa ga [[BCEAO]]). Gompieno mafatshe otlhe a supa go BCEAO (go akaretsa le Mali) a golagane le French Central Bank.<ref>[http://www.banque-france.fr/eurosysteme-et-international/zone-franc.html Zone franc sur le site de la Banque de France] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130120074029/http://www.banque-france.fr/eurosysteme-et-international/zone-franc.html Archived] 20 January 2013 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Banque-france.fr. Retrieved</ref> Pele ga go menola puso ka Phatwe 2020, thuso ya mafatshe a a kwa ntle a U.S. go Mali e ne ya feta $135 million mo FY 2020, e ikaelela go nonotsha kagiso e e bokoa, puso ya mmuso wa batho ka batho le tshireletsego ya kgaolo, fa e ntse e rarabolola mathata a loago le a itsholelo. Morago ga go menola puso, thuso e thibetswe ke molao wa U.S., mme dithulaganyo tse di tswelelang di tsepamisitse mogopolo mo go nneng le tlhomamo, go tshepa puso ga batho, go kgona go itshokelana ga batho le go atlega ga itsholelo ya loago.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250217144258/https://ml.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/#:~:text=U.S.%2DMALI%20RELATIONS,party%20state%20to%20multiparty%20democracy. U.S. Assistance to Mali]".</ref> Mali e ne e le mo maemong a bo lekgolo le masome a mararo le borataro 136 mo go a le bo lekgolo le masome a mararo le borobabongwe 139 mo [[Global Innovation Index]] ka 2024.<ref>[[:en:World_Intellectual_Property_Organization|World Intellectual Property Organization]] (2024). [https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/ ''Global Innovation Index 2024. Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship''.] Geneva. p. 18. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:]][[doi:10.34667/tind.50062|10.34667/tind.50062]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-805-3681-2|<bdi>978-92-805-3681-2</bdi>.]] Retrieved 22 October 2024</ref> == '''Temo - Thuo''' == Madirelo a magolo a kwa Mali ke temothuo. Khotone ke sejalo se se romelwang ntle se segolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng mme e romelwa kwa bophirima go ralala Senegal le Ivory Coast. <ref>Hale, Briony (13 May 1998). "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1945588.stm Mali's Golden Hope]". ''BBC News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180711170446/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1945588.stm Archived] from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2008.</ref><ref>Cavendish, Marshall (2007). ''[[iarchive:worlditspeoplesm0000unse|World and Its Peoples: Middle East, Western Asia, and Northern Africa]]''. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish. p. 1367. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7571-2|<bdi>978-0-7614-7571-2</bdi>.]]</ref>Mo ngwageng wa 2002, ditone di le 620 000 tsa katune di ne tsa ntshiwa kwa Mali mme ditlhotlhwa tsa katune di ne tsa fokotsega thata ka 2003.<ref>Hale, Briony (13 May 1998). "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1945588.stm Mali's Golden Hope]". ''BBC News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180711170446/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1945588.stm Archived] from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2008.</ref> <ref>Cavendish, Marshall (2007). ''[[iarchive:worlditspeoplesm0000unse|World and Its Peoples: Middle East, Western Asia, and Northern Africa]]''. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish. p. 1367. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7571-2|978-0-7614-7571-2]]</bdi>.</ref>Mo godimo ga katune, Mali e ntsha raese, [[millet]], [[Mmidi/Mmopo|mmidi]], merogo, motsoko le dijalo tsa ditlhare. Gouta, leruo le temothuo di dira 80% ya dilwana tse di romelwang kwa ntle ga naga ya Mali.<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Mali]". [[:en:U.S._State_Department|U.S. State Department]]. May 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194505/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Archived] from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2008</ref> Mo dipalong Dile lekgolo 100 di le masome a borobabobedi 80 tsa badiri ba kwa Mali ba dira mo temothuong. Mo dipalong Dile lekgolo 100 di le lesome le botlhano 15 tsa badiri ba kwa Mali ba dira mo lephateng la ditirelo. <ref>Cavendish, Marshall (2007). [[iarchive:worlditspeoplesm0000unse|''World and Its Peoples: Middle East, Western Asia, and Northern Africa''.]] Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish. p. 1367. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7571-2|<bdi>978-0-7614-7571-2</bdi>.]]</ref>Go fetofetoga ga dipaka go baka [[go tlhoka tiro ga nakwana]] ga badiri ba temothuo.<ref>May, Jacques Meyer (1968). ''The Ecology of Malnutrition in the French Speaking Countries of West Africa and Madagascar''. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-02-848960-5</ref> == '''Meepo''' == Ka 1991, ka thuso ya [[International Development Association,]] Mali e ne ya nolofatsa tiragatso ya dikhoutu tsa meepo tse di neng tsa dira gore go nne le kgatlhego e ntšhwa le dipeeletso tsa mafatshe a sele mo madirelong a meepo.<ref>Campbell, Bonnie (2004). ''[[iarchive:worlditspeoplesm0000unse|Regulating Mining in Africa: For Whose Benefit?]]''. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordic African Institute. p. 43. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7571-2|978-0-7614-7571-]]</bdi></ref> Gauta e epelwa kwa kgaolong ya borwa mme Mali e na le ntshokuno ya gauta e e kwa godimo go gaisa ya boraro mo Aforika (morago ga Afrika Borwa le [[Ghana]]). <ref>Hale, Briony (13 May 1998). "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1945588.stm Mali's Golden Hope"]. ''BBC News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180711170446/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1945588.stm Archived] from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2008.</ref>Ka 2015, naga e tlhagisitse 41 metric tonnes ya gauta.<ref>"[https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gold-production?tab=table Gold production]". ''Our World in Data''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231129233804/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gold-production?tab=table Archived] from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2024.</ref> Go tlhagelela ga gauta jaaka sengwe se se kwa pele se se romelwang kwa ntle ga lefatshe la Mali go tloga ka 1999 go thusitse go fokotsa dingwe tsa ditlamorago tse di sa siamang tsa mathata a katune le Ivory Coast. <ref>African Development Bank, p. 186</ref>Metswedi e mengwe ya tlholego e akaretsa [[kaolin,]] letswai, [[phosphate]] le [[kapoko]].<ref>"[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Mali]". [[:en:U.S._State_Department|U.S. State Department]]. May 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194505/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Archived] from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2008.</ref> == '''Motlakase''' == Motlakase le metsi di tlhokomelwa ke Energie du Mali, kgotsa EDM, mme dilwana di dirwa ke Industry Textile du Mali, kgotsa ITEMA.<ref>"[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Mali]". [[:en:U.S._State_Department|U.S. State Department]]. May 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194505/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm Archived] from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2008.</ref>Mali e dirile tiriso e e nonofileng ya [[motlakase wa metsi]], o o akaretsang go feta sephato sa motlakase wa motlakase wa Mali. Ka 2002, 700 [[GWh]] ya motlakase wa metsi e ne ya tlhagisiwa kwa Mali.<ref>Cavendish, Marshall (2007). ''[[iarchive:worlditspeoplesm0000unse|World and Its Peoples: Middle East, Western Asia, and Northern Africa]]''. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish. p. 1367. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7571-2|<bdi>978-0-7614-7571-2</bdi>.]]</ref> Energie du Mali ke kompone ya motlakase e e tlamelang baagi ba kwa Mali ka motlakase. Mo dipalong dile lekgolo di le masome a matlhano le botlhano 55 fela tsa batho ba ba nnang mo ditoropong tse dikgolo ba ba kgonang go dirisa EDM.<ref>Farvacque-Vitkovic, Catherine ''et al.'' (September 2007) [http://www.worldbank.org/afr/wps/wp104_english.pdf DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITIES OF MALI — Challenges and Priorities] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120916110947/http://www.worldbank.org/afr/wps/wp104_english.pdf Archived] 16 September 2012 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Africa Region Working Paper Series No. 104/a. </ref> == '''Ditlamelo tsa dipalangwa''' == Kwa Mali, go na le seporo se se yang kwa dinageng tse di gaufi le yone. Go na gape le maemafofane a ka nna 29, a le 8 a one a na le ditsela tsa go fofa tse di katisitsweng. <ref>"[https://www.countryreports.org/country/Mali/transportation.htm Mali transportation, roads, railways and airports | - CountryReports". ''www.countryreports.org''.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20231014085131/https://www.countryreports.org/country/Mali/transportation.htm Archived] from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.</ref>Mafelo a ditoropo a itsege ka palo e kgolo ya [[dithekisi]] tse ditala le tse ditshweu. Bontsi jwa baagi bo ikaegile ka [[dipalanwga tsa botlhe]]. == Dipalopalo tsa batho == {| class="wikitable" |+Palo ya batho ba Mali<ref>"[https://population.un.org/wpp/ World Population Prospects 2022]". [[:en:United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs|United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230306213755/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20%28Standard%29/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100]" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). [[:en:United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs|United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022</ref> !Ngwaga !Million |- |1950 |4.7 |- |2000 |11 |- |2021 |21.9 |} [[Setshwantsho:Mali - Bozo girl in Bamako.jpg|thumb|A [[:en:Bozo_people|Bozo]] girl in Bamak]] Ka 2021, palo ya batho ba Mali e ne e le dimilione di le 21,9<ref>"[https://population.un.org/wpp/ World Population Prospects 2022"]. [[:en:United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs|United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230306213755/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20%28Standard%29/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"] (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). [[:en:United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs|United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022</ref>Palo ya batho ba kwa Mali e ne ya gola go tswa go dimilione di le 7,7 ka 1982 go ya go dimilione di le 19,9 ka 2018. <ref>[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2018&locations=ML&name_desc=true&start=1982 Population, total | Data]". ''data.worldbank.org''. 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240518181332/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2018&locations=ML&name_desc=true&start=1982 Archived] from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2023.</ref>Palo ya batho ba ba nnang koo ke ba ba nnang kwa magaeng (68% ka 2002), mme 5% - 10% ya batho ba kwa Mali ke batho ba [[ba tsamayang ka dinao]].<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile,]] p. 6</ref>Go feta 90% ya baagi ba nna kwa karolong e e kwa borwa jwa lefatshe, segolo thata kwa [[Bamako]], e e nang le baagi ba feta dimilione di le 2.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile,]] p. 6.</ref> Ka 2024, 47% ya batho ba kwa Mali ba ne ba le dingwaga di le 14 kgotsa kwa tlase, 50% ba ne ba le dingwaga di le 15-64, mme 3% ba ne ba le dingwaga di le 65 kgotsa go feta. <ref>[[:en:CIA|Central Intelligence Agency]] (27 April 2021). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210109155852/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali Africa: Mali – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agen]cy". ''CIA.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032030/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ Archived] from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref> Palogare ya dingwaga tsa bone e ne e le 16.4.<ref>[[:en:CIA|Central Intelligence Agency]] (27 April 2021). "Africa: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210109155852/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali Mali – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"]. ''CIA.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032030/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ Archived] from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>[[Palo ya bana ba ba belegwang]] ka 2024 e ne e le 40 ka 1000, mme [[palogotlhe ya bana ba ba belegwang]] ka 2024 e ne e le 5.35 bana ka mosadi.<ref>[[:en:CIA|Central Intelligence Agency]] (27 April 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210109155852/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali "Africa: Mali – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency".] ''CIA.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032030/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ Archived] from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref> [[Palo ya dintsho]] ka 2024 e ne e le 8.1 mo bathong ba le 1000.<ref>[[:en:CIA|Central Intelligence Agency]] (27 April 2021). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210109155852/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali Africa: Mali – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency".] ''CIA.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032030/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ Archived] from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved</ref>[[Botshelo jo bo lebeletsweng]] ka nako ya go belegwa e ne e le dingwaga di le 63.2 (60.9 mo banneng le 65.6 mo basading).<ref>[[:en:CIA|Central Intelligence Agency]] (27 April 2021). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210109155852/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali Africa: Mali – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency".] ''CIA.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032030/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ Archived] from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved</ref>Mali e na le nngwe ya dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa lefatshe tsa [[go swa ga masea]],<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile, p. 6.]]</ref> ka dintsho di le 57.4 ka masea a a tshotsweng a le 1000 ka 2024.<ref>[[:en:CIA|Central Intelligence Agency]] (27 April 2021). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210109155852/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali Africa: Mali – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency".] ''CIA.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032030/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ Archived] from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref> == ''Ditoropo tse dikgolo kwa Mali'' == {{Largest cities of Mali}} == ''Ditlhopha tsa setso'' == [[Setshwantsho:Traveller at Bambara wedding, Mali, West Africa.tiff|thumb|A [[:en:Bambara_people|Bambara]] wedding in Mali, observed by a tourist]] [[Setshwantsho:Mali family.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Fulani|Fulani]] children in Mali]] [[Setshwantsho:Mali1974-151 hg.jpg|thumb|The [[:en:Tuareg_people|Tuareg]] are nomadic inhabitants of northern Mali]] Batho ba kwa Mali ba akaretsa merafe e le mmalwa ya kwa borwa jwa Sahara. Ba-Bambara ke bone morafe o mogolo go gaisa, ba dira nngwetharong ya baagi.<ref>[[:en:CIA|Central Intelligence Agency]] (27 April 2021). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210109155852/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali Africa: Mali – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency".] ''CIA.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032030/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ Archived] from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved</ref>Merafe e megolo ke Bambara (33.3%), Fulani (Peuhl) (13.3%), Sarakole/Soninke/Marka (9.8%), Senufo/Manianka (9.6%), Malinke (8.8%), Dogon (8.7%), Sonrai (5.9%), Bobo (2.1%), Tuareg/Bella (1.7%), Malian a mangwe (6%), go tswa mo malokong a Economic Community of West Africa (0.4%), a mangwe (0.3%) (2018 est).<ref>[[:en:CIA|Central Intelligence Agency (]]27 April 2021). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210109155852/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali Africa: Mali – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency".] ''CIA.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032030/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ Archived] from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>Kwa Mali le kwa [[Niger]], Ba-Moor ba itsege gape jaaka [[Ba-Azawagh Arabs,]] ba ba teeletsweng ka kgaolo ya [[Azawagh]] ya [[Sahara]]. Ba bua thata [[Searabia sa Hassaniya]], e leng nngwe ya [[dipuo tse di farologaneng tsa Searabia]].<ref>Popenoe, Rebecca (2003) ''Feeding Desire – Fatness, Beauty and Sexuality among a Saharan People''. Routledge, London. pp. 16–17. ISBN 0-415-28096-6</ref> Kwa bokone jo bo kgakala, go na le kgaogano magareng ga [[Ba-Berber]] ba ba tswang mo [[Ba-Tuareg]] ba ba fudugelang kwa mafelong a a farologaneng le batho ba letlalo le lentsho ba Ba-Bella kgotsa [[Ba-Tamasheq]], ka ntlha ya go anama ga [[bokgoba]] mo kgaolong eo. Go fopholediwa gore batho ba le 800 000 kwa Mali ba tswa mo makgobeng. <ref>Tran, Mark (23 October 2012). "[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/oct/23/mali-conflict-freedom-slave-descendants-peril Mali conflict puts freedom of 'slave descendants' in peril"]. ''The Guardian''. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131005100538/http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/oct/23/mali-conflict-freedom-slave-descendants-peril Archived] from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2012</ref>[[Bokgoba]] bo nnile teng kwa Mali ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga.<ref>Fortin, Jacey (16 January 2013). "[http://www.ibtimes.com/malis-other-crisis-slavery-still-plagues-mali-insurgency-could-make-it-worse-1017280 Mali's Other Crisis: Slavery Still Plagues Mali, And Insurgency Could Make It Worse]". ''International Business Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141208102058/http://www.ibtimes.com/malis-other-crisis-slavery-still-plagues-mali-insurgency-could-make-it-worse-1017280 Archived] from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2013.</ref> Baagi ba Maarabia ba ne ba nna le makgoba go fitlha ka lekgolo la bo20 la dingwaga, go fitlha bokgoba bo ne jwa thibelwa ke [[balaodi ba France]] mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo20 la dingwaga. Go santse go na le dikamano tse di rileng tsa boswa tsa bokgoba,<ref>[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/12/1206_021205_salakkayak.html Kayaking to Timbuktu, Writer Sees Slave Trade] [https://web.archive.org/web/20171010190141/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/12/1206_021205_salakkayak.html Archived] 10 October 2017 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]". National Geographic News. 5 December 2002.</ref> <ref>[http://www.kirasalak.com/Mali.html "Kayaking to Timbuktu, Original National Geographic Adventure Article discussing Slavery in Mali] [https://web.archive.org/web/20100922151608/http://www.kirasalak.com/Mali.html Archived] 22 September 2010 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]". National Geographic Adventure. December 2002/January 2003.</ref>mme go ya ka diphopholetso dingwe, le gompieno go santse go na le batho ba ba ka nnang 200 000 ba ba santseng ba le mo bokgobeng.<ref>[[:en:Rick_MacInnes-Rae|MacInnes-Rae, Rick]] (26 November 2012). "[http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/al-qaeda-complicating-anti-slavery-drive-in-mali-1.1150057 Al-Qaeda complicating anti-slavery drive in Mali"]. CBC News. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140305175918/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/al-qaeda-complicating-anti-slavery-drive-in-mali-1.1150057 Archived] from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014.</ref> Ba bangwe ba ba tswakaneng ba Yuropa/Aforika ba e leng ditlogolwana tsa Bamoseleme ba ba tswang kwa [[Spain,]] mmogo le ba ba tswang kwa France, Ireland, Italy le Portugal, ba nna kwa Mali, koo ba itsegeng e le [[batho ba Arma]] (1% ya baagi ba lefatshe leo).<ref>Fage, J. D.; Gray, Richard; Oliver, Roland (1975). ''[[iarchive:cambridgehistory05fage|The Cambridge History of Africa]]''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521204132</ref> Le fa gone Mali e na le dikamano tse di siameng tsa merafe e e farologaneng tse di theilweng mo ditsong e telele ya go tshela mmogo, go na le dikamano tsa boswa le bokgoba, mmogo le kgotlhang ya semorafe magareng ga Ba-Songhai le Ba-Tuareg ba kwa bokone. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 6</ref>Ka ntlha ya go tlhaselwa ga batho ba bokone morago ga boipuso, Mali jaanong e mo seemong se mo go sona ditlhopha ka bobedi di ngongoregang ka kgethololo go tswa mo setlhopheng se sengwe.<ref>Hall, Bruce S. (2011) ''A History of Race in Muslim West Africa'', 1600–1960. Cambridge University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781107002876|9781107002876]]: "The mobilization of local ideas about racial difference has been important in generating, and intensifying, civil wars that have occurred since the end of colonial rule in all of the countries that straddle the southern edge of the Sahara Desert. ... contemporary conflicts often hearken back to an older history in which blackness could be equated with slavery and non-blackness with predatory and uncivilized banditry." (cover text)</ref> Kganetsano eno e na le seabe mo [[kgotlhang e e tsweletseng kwa Bokone]] [[jwa Mali]] koo go nang le kgotlhang magareng ga Ba-Tuareg le puso ya Mali, le Ba-Tuareg le [[Ba-Islam]] ba ba feteletsang dilo ba ba lekang go tlhoma [[molao wa sharia]].<ref>Hirsch, Afua (6 July 2012) [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jul/06/mali-war-over-skin-colour Mali's conflict and a 'war over skin colour]' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170211081540/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jul/06/mali-war-over-skin-colour Archived] 11 February 2017 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machin]]<nowiki/>e, ''The Guardian''</ref> == '''Dipuo''' == Ka Hirikgong 2022, ka ntlha ya go senyega ga dikamano magareng ga Mali le puso ya France, puso ya Mali e ne ya itsise go dira Bambara puo ya semmuso.<ref>"[https://edition.cnn.com/2022/01/31/africa/mali-french-ambassador-expelled-intl/index.html Mali's military rulers say French ambassador has 72 hours to leave the country".] CNN. 31 January 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220213181820/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/01/31/africa/mali-french-ambassador-expelled-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.</ref> Ka Phukwi 2023, [[Sefora]] se ne sa tlogelwa jaaka puo ya semmuso, mme boemong jwa seo sa nna [[puo e e dirisiwang]].<ref>[https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2023/mali-jo-2023-13-sp-2.pdf JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE DU MALI SECRETARIAT GENERAL DU GOUVERNEMENT - DECRET N°2023-0401/PT-RM DU 22 JUILLET 2023 PORTANT PROMULGATION DE LA CONSTITUTION"] (PDF). ''sgg-mali.ml'' (in French). 22 July 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230808203503/https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2023/mali-jo-2023-13-sp-2.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023. <q>Article 31 : Les langues nationales sont les langues officielles du Mali.</q> [Article 31: The national languages are the official languages of Mali.]</ref>Ka nako e le nngwe, dipuo tse di lesome le boraro 13 tsa bosetšhaba,<ref>[https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2017/mali-jo-2017-39.pdf JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE DU MALI SECRETARIAT GENERAL DU GOUVERNEMENT - DECRET N°2017-0735/P-RM DU 21 AOUT 2017 FIXANT L'ORGANISATION ET LES MODALITES DE FONCTIONNEMENT DES STRUCTURES DE L'EDUCATION NON FORMELLE"] (PDF). ''sgg-mali.ml'' (in French). 21 August 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230803235822/https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2017/mali-jo-2017-39.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023. <q>Selon la Loi n°96- 049 du 23 août 1996, les langues nationales du Mali sont : (...)</q> [According to Law No. 96-049 of 23 August 1996, the national languages of Mali are: (...)]</ref>e leng [[Sebambara]], [[Sebobo]], [[Sebozo]], [[Sedogon]], [[Sefula]], [[Searabia]] [[sa Hassaniya]], [[Sekasonke]], [[Semaninke]], [[Seminyanka]], [[Senufo]], [[dipuo tsa Songhay]], [[Sesoninke]] le [[Setamasheq]], di ne tsa nna dipuo tsa semmuso. <ref>[https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2023/mali-jo-2023-13-sp-2.pdf "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE DU MALI SECRETARIAT GENERAL DU GOUVERNEMENT - DECRET N°2023-0401/PT-RM DU 22 JUILLET 2023 PORTANT PROMULGATION DE LA CONSTITUTION]" (PDF). ''sgg-mali.ml'' (in French). 22 July 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230808203503/https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2023/mali-jo-2023-13-sp-2.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023. <q>Article 31 : Les langues nationales sont les langues officielles du Mali.</q> [Article 31: The national languages are the official languages of Mali.]</ref>[[Puo e e dirisiwang thata]] kwa Mali ke [[Se-Bambara]], se mo go sone fa mo palong ya masome a robabobedi 80% ya baagi mo palong ya lekgolo 100% ba kgonang go buisana ka sone. <ref name=":14">[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 6</ref>Dipuo tse dingwe tse di fetang masome a le mane 40 tsa [[Aforika]] di buiwa ke merafe e e farologaneng ya Mali.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 6.</ref> Go ya ka palobatho ya 2009, dipuo tse di buiwang mo lefatsheng la kwa Mali e ne e le [[Sebambara]] ka 51.5%, [[Sefula]] (8.3%), [[Sedogon]] (6.6%) [[Sesoninké]] (5.7%), [[Sesonhai]] (5.3%), [[Semandinka]] (5.2%), [[Seminianka]] (3.8%), [[Setamasheq]] (3.2%). [[Se-Tieyaxo Bozo]] (1.6%), [[Se-Kassonké]] (1.1%), [[Se-Maure]] (1%), [[Se-Dafing]] (0.4%), [[Se-Samogo]] (0.4%), [[Searabia]] ([[Se-Hassaniya]]) (0.3%), dipuo tse dingwe tsa Se-Mali (0.5%), dipuo tse dingwe tsa Se Aforika (0.2%), le dipuo tse dingwe tse e seng tsa Se Aforika (0.2%); 0.7% ga e a bolela puo ya bona ya ntlha.<ref name=":14" /> == '''Tumelo''' == [[Setshwantsho:Mosque entrance (6862566).jpg|thumb|An entrance to the Djinguereber mosque]] {{Bar box|Float=right|title=[[Religion in Mali]]<ref name = IRFR/>|title bar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right 1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Islam in Mali|Islam]]|green|90}} {{bar percent|Christianity|blue|5}} {{bar percent|[[Indigenous religion|Indigenous]]|red|5}}}}Tumelo ya se Islam e ne ya tsenngwa mo Aforika Bophirima mo lekgolong la bo lesome le bongwe 11 la dingwaga mme e sa ntse e le yone tumedi e e laolang mo karolong e kgolo ya kgaolo eno.Go fopholediwa gore 90% ya batho ba Mali ke batumelo ya Se [[Muslim]] (bontsi ke [[Sunni]]<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121024125551/http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity"] (PDF). Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. 9 August 2012. Archived from [https://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2014.</ref>), e ka nna 5% ke Bakeresete (mo e ka nnang pedi tharong ya [[Roma Katoliki]] le nngwe tharong ya [[Porotesetanta]]) mme 5% e e setseng e ngaparela [[ditumelo tsa setso tsa Aforika]] jaaka [[bodumedi jwa Dogon]].<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2008/108379.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2008: Mali Archived] 18 January 2020 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. State.gov (19 September 2008). Retrieved 4 May 2012.</ref>Go dumelwa gore [[bolatolamodimo]] le [[go sa dumele mo Modimong]] ga go bonwe thata mo bathong ba kwa Mali, ba bontsi jwa bone ba dirisang bodumedi jwa bone letsatsi le letsatsi.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 7.</ref> Molao motheo o tlhoma [[puso e e sa amaneng]] le bodumedi mme o dira gore batho ba nne le [[kgololesego ya bodumedi]], mme puso e tlotla tshwanelo eno thata.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 7.</ref> Tumelo ya Islam jaaka e ne e dirisiwa mo ditsong kwa Mali e ntse e le bonolo e bile e tlwaela maemo a lefelo leo; dikamano magareng ga Mamoseleme le badiragatsi ba ditumelo tsa bodumedi jo bonnye ka kakaretso di nnile tsa botsalano.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 7</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga gore puso ya [[sharia]] e tlhomiwe ka ngwaga wa 2012 kwa dikarolong tse di kwa bokone jwa lefatshe, Mali e ne ya nna kwa godimo (nomoro ya bosupa 7) mo lenaaneng la pogiso ya Bakeresete le le gatisitsweng ke [[Open Doors]], le le neng la tlhalosa pogiso kwa bokone e le e e maswe thata.<ref>[http://www.dw.de/report-points-to-100-million-persecuted-christians/a-16507067 Report points to 100 million persecuted Christians]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150406223430/http://www.dw.de/report-points-to-100-million-persecuted-christians/a-16507067 Archived] 6 April 2015 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Retrieved 10 January 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.worldwatchlist.us/ OPEN DOORS World Watch list 2012] [https://web.archive.org/web/20191210101952/https://worldwatchlist.us/ Archived] 10 December 2019 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Worldwatchlist.us. Retrieved 24 March 2013</ref> == '''Thuto''' == [[Setshwantsho:Lycéens kati.jpg|thumb|High school students in [[:en:Kati|Kati]]]] Thuto ya setšhaba kwa Mali ka molawana e neelwa mahala mme e a patelediwa dingwaga di le borobabongwe magareng ga dingwaga di le supa 7 le di le lesome le borataro 16.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile,]] p. 7</ref>Tsamaiso e akaretsa dingwaga di le thataro tsa thuto ya kwa moding ya dikolo tse di potlana go simolola ka dingwaga di le supa 7, mme morago ga moo go latele dingwaga di le thataro 6 tsa thuto e kgolwane ya dikolo tsa secondary. <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 7</ref>Selekanyo sa boammaruri sa go ikwadisa kwa sekolong se se potlana kwa Mali se kwa tlase, bontsi jwa sone ke ka gonne malapa a sa kgone go duelela paka ya sekolo, dibuka, dilwana le dituediso tse dingwe tse di tlhokegang go tsena sekolo.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 7</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2017, seelo sa ikwadiso ya dikolo tse dipotlana e ne e le 61% (65% ya banna le 58% ya basadi).<ref>[http://datatopics.worldbank.org/education/country/mali Education Statistics]". ''datatopics.worldbank.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210507101442/https://datatopics.worldbank.org/education/country/mali Archived] from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2019.</ref>Mo bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990, seelo sa ikwadiso ya dikolo tse dikgolwane e ne e le 15% (20% ya banna le 10% ya basadi). <ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 7</ref>Tsamaiso ya thuto e tshwerwe ke tlhaelo ya dikolo kwa metse selegaeng, mmogo le tlhaelo ya barutabana le didirisiwa.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 7</ref> Diphopholetso tsa dikelo tsa go kgona go bala le go kwala kwa Mali di simolola ka 27–30 go ya go 46.4%, ka dikelo tsa go kgona go bala le go kwala di le kwa tlase thata mo basading go na le mo banneng.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile,]] p. 7</ref> [[Mmadikolo wa Bamako]], o o akaretsang bomadikolo ba le nne go bopa, ke mmadikolo yo o mogolo go gaisa gotlhe mo lefatsheng mme o kwadisa baithuti ba ka nna 60 000 ba pele ga kalogo le ba kalogo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130513192022/http://globalhealth.northwestern.edu/MedEd/current-affiliations/Bamako_Mali.html Université de Bamako – Bamako, Mali]". Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20130513192022/http://globalhealth.northwestern.edu/MedEd/current-affiliations/Bamako_Mali.html the original] on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013</ref> == '''Botsogo''' == Mali e lebagane le dikgwetlho di le dintsi tsa botsogo tse di amanang le lehuma, [[tlala]], le [[bophepa]] le [[tikologo e e phepa]].<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 7</ref>Ditshupo tsa botsogo le tlhabololo ya Mali di mo gare ga tse di maswe go gaisa mo lefatsheng.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 7</ref> Botshelo jwa motho fa a tsholwa bo fopholediwa go nna dingwaga di le 63.2 ka ngwaga wa 2024.<ref>[[:en:CIA|Central Intelligence Agency]] (27 April 2021). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210109155852/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali Africa: Mali – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency".] ''CIA.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032030/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ Archived] from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2010</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2000, 62–65% ya baagi e ne e fopholediwa go fitlhelela metsi a a babalesegileng a go nowa mme ke fela 69% ya ditirelo tsa go phepafatsa tikologo tsa mofuta mongwe.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 7</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2001, ditshenyegelo tsa puso ka kakaretso mo botsogong di ne di le mo e ka nnang P1 000 ka tlhogo ka pharologanyo ya selekanyo sa kananyo.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 8</ref> Go dirilwe maiteko a go tokafatsa phepo ya dijo, le go fokotsa mathata a a amanang le botsogo, ka go rotloetsa basadi go dira diphetolelo tse di nang le phepo ya dijo tsa diresipe tsa selegae. Ka sekai, [[Setheo sa Patlisiso sa Dijalo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Ditropiki tse di Omeletseng]] (ICRISAT) le [[Mokgatlho wa Aga Khan]], di ne tsa katisa ditlhopha tsa basadi go dira equinut, e leng mofuta o o itekanetseng le o o nang le dikotla wa risepe ya setso ya di-dèguè (e e nang le pheisete ya matonkomane, tswina ya dinotshe le mmidi kgotsa bupi jwa raese). Maikaelelo e ne e le go godisa phepo ya dijo le matshelo ka go tlhagisa setlhagiswa se basadi ba ka se dirang le go se rekisa, mme se se tla amogelwang ke baagi ba selegae ka ntlha ya boswa jwa sona jwa selegae.<ref>''[http://www.impatientoptimists.org/Posts/2013/04/Nourishing-Communities-Through-Holistic-Farming Nourishing communities through holistic farming]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20181006235945/https://www.impatientoptimists.org/Posts/2013/04/Nourishing-Communities-Through-Holistic-Farming Archived] 6 October 2018 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], Impatient optimists, [[:en:Gates_Foundation|Gates Foundation]]. 30 April 2013.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|thumb|Village in the [[:en:Sahel|Sahel]] region]] Ditlamelo tsa kalafi kwa Mali di lekanyeditswe thata, mme melemo e a tlhaela.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 8.</ref>[[Malaria]] le malwetse a mangwe a a tshelanwang ke [[di-arthropod]] a aname kwa Mali, fela jaaka [[malwetse a le mmalwa a a tshelanwang]] a a jaaka [[kholera]] le [[kgotlholo ya mahatlha]].<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 8</ref>Batho ba Mali le bone ba na le selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa phepelotlase ya bana le [[Selekanyo se se kwa tlase sa go kentiwa|selekanyo se se kwa tlase sa go]] [[Selekanyo se se kwa tlase sa go kentiwa|kentiwa]].<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 8.</ref>Go fopholediwa gore 1.9% ya bagolo le bana ba ne ba tshwerwe ke HIV/AIDS mo ngwageng oo,[<nowiki/>[[go tlhokega tlhaloso]]] mo gare ga dikelo tse di kwa tlase mo Aforika e e kwa [[Borwa jwa Sahara]].<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 8.</ref> Go fopholediwa gore 85%–91% ya basetsana le basadi ba Mali [[ba kile ba kgaolwa dirwe tsa tlhakanelodikobo]] tsa basadi (tshedimosetso ya 2006 le 2001).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090716094114/http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/prevalence/en/index.html WHO | Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices]. Who.int (6 May 2011). Retrieved 4 May 2012.</ref><ref>[http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/CR7/CR7.pdf Female genital cutting in the Demographic Health Surveys: a critical and comparative analysis. Calverton, MD: ORC Marco; 2004 (DHS Comparative Reports No. 7)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140426233743/http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/CR7/CR7.pdf Archived] 26 April 2014 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. (PDF). Retrieved 18 January 2013</ref> Ka 2024, batho ba ka nna million di le 7.1 kwa Mali, go akaretsa le bana ba feta million di le 3.8, ba tlhoka thuso e e potlakileng ya botho ka ntlha ya dikgotlhang tse di ntseng di oketsega le mathata a tepo ya loapi. [[UNICEF]] e godisa maiteko a yona a go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa botlhokwa jaaka botsogo, thuto, le tshireletso, fa e ntse e ikuela ka ledi la dollar le le million di le 133,5 go itebaganya le ditlhokego tseno. Seemo se maswe thata, ka bana ba feta 522 000 ba tlhoka phitlhelelo ya thuto Mme matshwititshwiti a le mo kotsing ya go tlhoka phepelotlase ya dijo mo gare ga dikarabo tsa botho tse di sa tlamelweng ka bonako. Go tlhokega kgato e e potlakileng go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa tirisodikgoka, go tlhoka tshireletsego le phetogo ya loapi mo baaging ba ba mo kotsing kwa Mali.<ref>"[https://www.unicef.org/mali/en/press-releases/mali-more-half-71-million-people-requiring-humanitarian-assistance-2024-are-children In Mali, more than half of the 7.1 million people requiring humanitarian assistance in 2024 are children]".</ref> == '''Tekatekano ya bong''' == Ka 2017, Mali e ne e le mo maemong a bo lekgolo le masome a matlhano le bosupa 157 mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a le marataro 160 mo tshupegetsong ya go tlhoka tekatekano ya bong jaaka go begilwe ke [[Lenaneo la Tlhabololo la Ditšhabakopano]].<ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/MLI.pdf Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update: Mali"] (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190325093238/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/MLI.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Molao motheo wa Mali o bolela gore o sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa basadi, le fa go ntse jalo go na le melao e mentsi e e tlhaolang basadi.<ref>"[http://www.omct.org/files/2004/07/2409/eng_2003_07_mali.pdf Violence against Women in Mali"] (PDF). ''World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT)''. 7 July 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190808040337/http://www.omct.org/files/2004/07/2409/eng_2003_07_mali.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Dipeelo tse di mo melaong di lekanyetsa maatla a basadi a go dira ditshwetso morago ga lenyalo, mo monna a nnang kwa godimo ga mosadi wa gagwe.<ref>[http://www.omct.org/files/2004/07/2409/eng_2003_07_mali.pdf Violence against Women in Mali]" (PDF). ''World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT)''. 7 July 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190808040337/http://www.omct.org/files/2004/07/2409/eng_2003_07_mali.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> Basadi ba bonwa molato wa go sa tshegetse tebego ya banna ba bona mme gape ba bonwa molato wa ditiro tsa bana ba bone fa ba sa itshware sentle, se se rotloetsang maikutlo a setso a gore basadi ba kwa tlase ga banna.<ref>[http://www.omct.org/files/2004/07/2409/eng_2003_07_mali.pdf Violence against Women in Mali"] (PDF). ''World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT)''. 7 July 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190808040337/http://www.omct.org/files/2004/07/2409/eng_2003_07_mali.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Go tlhoka go tsaya karolo ga basadi mo dipolotiking go bakwa ke kakanyo ya gore dipolotiki di amana le banna le gore basadi ba tshwanetse go itlhokomolosa lekalana le.<ref>"[http://www.omct.org/files/2004/07/2409/eng_2003_07_mali.pdf Violence against Women in Mali"] (PDF). ''World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT)''. 7 July 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190808040337/http://www.omct.org/files/2004/07/2409/eng_2003_07_mali.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> Thuto gape ke karolo e basimane ba laolang mo go yone, ka e le peeletso e e botoka mo batsading.<ref>"[http://www.omct.org/files/2004/07/2409/eng_2003_07_mali.pdf Violence against Women in Mali"] (PDF). ''World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT)''. 7 July 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190808040337/http://www.omct.org/files/2004/07/2409/eng_2003_07_mali.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> Jaaka fa mekgwa le ditiro tsa setso di nnile le seabe mo go tlhokeng tekatekano ya bong kwa Mali, dikgotlhang le go tlhoka molao le tsone di tlhotlheleditse phatlha e e golang ya bong ka tirisodikgoka e e ikaegileng ka bong.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180905122408/https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Mali%20Gender%20Assessment%20Addendum%20Final.pdf USAID MALI:ADDENDUM TO THE 2012 GENDER ASSESSMENT]" (PDF). ''United States Agency of International Development''. May 2015. Archived from [https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Mali%20Gender%20Assessment%20Addendum%20Final.pdf the original] (PDF) on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Puso e e sa tlhomamang ya Mali e dirile gore mekgatlho e e tshwanang le USAID e leke go tokafatsa matshelo a batho, bogolo jang ditshwanelo tsa basadi le basetsana gore e kgone go nna le seabe gape mo tlhabololong ya lefatshe.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180905122408/https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Mali%20Gender%20Assessment%20Addendum%20Final.pdf USAID MALI:ADDENDUM TO THE 2012 GENDER ASSESSMENT]" (PDF). ''United States Agency of International Development''. May 2015. Archived from [https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Mali%20Gender%20Assessment%20Addendum%20Final.pdf the original] (PDF) on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> == '''Dikamano tsa bong''' == Bodumedi, ditlwaelo tsa botlhogoethata, le [[kgokgontsho e e ikaegileng ka bong]] ke dintlha tse di sa siamang tse di bopang botshelo jwa basadi kwa Mali.<ref>[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY]" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Ditlwaelo tsa botlhogoethata di baka go tlhoka tekatekano mo tsa bong mme di dira gore banna ba nne le taolo mo lelapeng.<ref>[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY]" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Basetsana ba ithuta ditiro tsa mo gae jaaka ditiro tsa mo gae, go apaya, go tlhokomela bana, go akaretsang tse dingwe fela jalo,ba sa le bannye mme ba solofelwa go tsaya maikarabelo a magolo a ditiro tsa mo gae mo botshelong jwa bone jotlhe. Se se kgoreletsa bokgoni jwa basadi jwa go tsena mo tirong e e tlhomameng mme se dira gore basetsana ba se ka ba rutega.<ref>[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY]" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Tirisodikgoka e e ikaegileng ka bong kwa Mali e diragala mo maemong a bosetšhaba le a lelapa. Mo maemong a bosetšhaba, ka ngwaga wa 2012 kgotlhang kwa karolong e e kwa Bokone jwa lefatshe e ne ya oketsa dikgetse tsa go gapa batho ka dikgoka le dipetelelo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180905122408/https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Mali%20Gender%20Assessment%20Addendum%20Final.pdf USAID MALI:ADDENDUM TO THE 2012 GENDER ASSESSMENT"] (PDF). ''United States Agency of International Development''. May 2015. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20180905122408/https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Mali%20Gender%20Assessment%20Addendum%20Final.pdf the original] (PDF) on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Ntwa gape e ne ya fokotsa phitlhelelo ya basadi ya ditsompelo, itsholelo, le ditshono.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180905122408/https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Mali%20Gender%20Assessment%20Addendum%20Final.pdf USAID MALI:ADDENDUM TO THE 2012 GENDER ASSESSMENT"] (PDF). ''United States Agency of International Development''. May 2015. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20180905122408/https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Mali%20Gender%20Assessment%20Addendum%20Final.pdf the original] (PDF) on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> Mo maemong a malapa, basadi ba Mali ba lebane le tirisodikgoka e e ikaegileng ka bong ka tirisodikgoka ya mo gae, manyalo a a patelediwang, le petelelo ya lenyalo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180905122408/https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Mali%20Gender%20Assessment%20Addendum%20Final.pdf USAID MALI:ADDENDUM TO THE 2012 GENDER ASSESSMENT"] (PDF). ''United States Agency of International Development''. May 2015. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20180905122408/https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Mali%20Gender%20Assessment%20Addendum%20Final.pdf the original] (PDF) on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Patlisiso ya tsa botsogo ya Batho ba Mali ka ngwaga wa 2013 e boletse gore 76% ya basadi le 54% ya banna ba dumela gore go utlwisa basadi botlhoko mo mmeleng go a amogelesega fa basadi ba ka fisa dijo, ba ngangisana, ba tswa ba sa itsise monna wa gagwe, kgotsa ba gana go tlhakanela dikobo le monna wa gagwe.<ref>"[http://www.omct.org/files/2004/07/2409/eng_2003_07_mali.pdf Violence against Women in Mali]" (PDF). ''World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT)''. 7 July 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190808040337/http://www.omct.org/files/2004/07/2409/eng_2003_07_mali.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2024, badiredi ba Mali ba ne ba amogela molaotlhomo o o neng o dira gore [[dikamano tsa tlhakanelo dikobo ya bong Jo bo tshwanang]] fa gare ga banyalani ba bong jo bo tshwanang e nne bosenyi.<ref>Billson, Chantelle (5 November 2024). "[https://www.thepinknews.com/2024/11/05/mali-moves-to-criminalise-homosexuality-with-new-anti-gay-law/ Mali moves to criminalise homosexuality for the first time with new anti-gay law]". ''PinkNews''. Retrieved 20 November 2024.</ref> == '''Lefelo la tšhono''' == Go tlhoka thuto go okeditse go tlhoka tekatekano ga bong kwa Mali ka gonne ga se basadi ba le bantsi ba ba berekang kwa ntle ga malapa ba ba tsayang karolo mo lephateng la Tsamaiso ya Setšhaba.<ref>[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY"] (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> Morago ga go fetola ditlhokego tsa go tsena le phitlhelelo ya thuto, basetsana ba santse ba na le dikelo tse di kwa tlase tsa ikwadiso le phitlhelelo e nnye ya thuto e e rulagantsweng.<ref>[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY]" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Dipalo tsa go tlogela sekolo tsa basetsana di kwa godimo ka 15% go feta tsa basimane ka gonne ba na le maikarabelo a a kwa godimo kwa gae mme bontsi jwa batsadi ba gana go letlelela bana botlhe ba bona go tsena sekolo, ka jalo basimane ba na le go rutega.<ref>[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY"] (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> Fela jalo, thuto ya boranyane le ya tiro ya diatla e na le palo e e kwa tlase ya basetsana ba ba tsayang karolo mme ga e a anamisiwa sentle mo lefatsheng ka gonne mafelo a ikatiso a tlhomilwe kwa ditoropong tsa ditoropo tse di tlhabologileng.<ref>"[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY"] (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Kwa bofelong, thuto e kgolwane ya basetsana e na le mananeo a makhutshwane ka gonne manyalo a a sa ntseng a le bannye a thibela bontsi jwa basetsana go latela thulaganyo ya thuto ya paka e telele jaaka ya maranyane.<ref>"[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY"] (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Le fa basadi ba sena phitlhelelo e e tshwanang ya thuto, mo dingwageng tse di fetileng basadi ba ntse ba tsena le go emela mo maemong a go tsaya ditshwetso mo lephateng la Tsamaiso ya Setšhaba.<ref>[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY]" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> Mo malokong a Palamente a le lekgolo le masome a le mane le bosupa 147, a le lesome le botlhano 15 e ne e le basadi ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref>"[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY"] (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> Dingwagasome tsa sešweng di bontsha gore basadi ba tsena ka iketlo mo maemong a a botlhokwa a go tsaya ditshwetso se se fetolang maikutlo le maemo a basadi kwa Mali, se se dirileng gore ditshwanelo tsa basadi di rotloediwe mo lephateng la sepolotiki.<ref>[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY]" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> == '''Maiteko''' == Melao mo maemong a boditšhabatšhaba le a bosetšhaba e tsentswe tirisong mo dingwageng di le lesome go thusa go rotloetsa ditshwanelo tsa basadi kwa Mali.<ref>[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY"] (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Kwa kopanong ya boditšhabatšhaba, Mali e rurifaditse kwa [[Beijing Platform for Action]] e e akantseng gore basadi ba tshwanetse go tsaya karolo mo go tseyeng ditshwetso le tumalano ya go Fedisa Mefuta Yotlhe ya Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi e e leng motheo wa go rotloetsa ditshwanelo tsa basadi.<ref>"[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY"] (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> Mo maemong a bosetšhaba, Molao motheo wa Mali o na le Taelo ya No. 092-073P-CTSP e e bolelang gore baagi botlhe ba Mali ba a lekana mme go tlhaola go thibetswe, e leng se se iseng se latelwe.<ref>[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY"] (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Lenaneo la Togamaano ya Phokotso ya Lehuma (PRSP) le Lenaneo la Togamaano ya Kgolo le Phokotso ya Lehuma ka fa tlase ga Puso ya Mali di batla go tokafatsa botsogo jwa baagi, le diphetogo mo pusong le bong mo lefatsheng.<ref>[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY]" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> Lephata la Tsweletsopele ya Basadi, Bana le Malapa le tlhametswe basadi le bana ka tlhamalalo gore ditshwanelo tsa bona tsa motheo le ditlhokego di fitlhelelwe ka fa tlase ga molao.<ref>[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY"] (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Le fa go na le molao le maitlamo a tekatekano ya bong go dira gore maitlamo a Bosetšhaba ya Bong ya Mali e nne setheo go botlhokwa go tshegetsa botlhokwa jwa ditshwanelo tsa basadi.<ref>[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY]" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Go thatafatsa le go rotloetsa phitlhelelo ya basetsana le basadi mo thutong le ikatiso go a amogelesega go tokafatsa tekatekano ya bong kwa Mali. <ref>"[http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MALI CASE STUDY]" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054809/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/Women-s%20Empowerment/MaliFinal%20-%20HiRes.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>Go nna le seabe ga mekgatlho ya boditšhabatšhaba jaaka USAID go thusa lefatshe la Mali ka tsa madi go tokafatsa tlhabololo ya lone ka maiteko a go tokafatsa ditshwanelo tsa basadi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180905122408/https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Mali%20Gender%20Assessment%20Addendum%20Final.pdf USAID MALI:ADDENDUM TO THE 2012 GENDER ASSESSMENT"] (PDF). ''United States Agency of International Development''. May 2015. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20180905122408/https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Mali%20Gender%20Assessment%20Addendum%20Final.pdf the original] (PDF) on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> == Ngwao == [[Setshwantsho:Konoguel Mosque tower (6439210).jpg|thumb|[[:en:Konoguel_Mosque|Konoguel Mosque]] tower]] Setso se se farologaneng sa letsatsi le letsatsi sa batho ba Mali se bontsha pharologano ya merafe le ya di ngwao tsa lefatshe.<ref>Pye-Smith, Charlie & Rhéal Drisdelle. ''Mali: A Prospect of Peace?'' Oxfam (1997). [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-85598-334-5|0-85598-334-5]], p. 13.</ref> Bontsi jwa batho ba kwa Mali ba apara diaparo tse di elelang, tse di mebalabala tse di bidiwang [[boubous]] tse di tlwaelegileng kwa Aforika Bophirima.ba Mali gantsi ba nna le seabe mo meletlong ya setso, metantsho le meletlong.<ref>Pye-Smith, Charlie & Rhéal Drisdelle. ''Mali: A Prospect of Peace?'' Oxfam (1997). [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-85598-334-5|0-85598-334-5,]] p. 13.</ref> == '''Mmino''' == [[Setshwantsho:Mali Dogon Dance.jpg|thumb|Mali Dogon Dance]] Dingwao tsa mmino wa Mali di tswa mo di-griot, tse di itsegeng jaaka "Batlhokomedi ba Dikgopolo".<ref>Crabill, Michelle and Tiso, Bruce (January 2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20030625150509/http://www.fcps.edu/KingsParkES/technology/mali/malihis.htm Mali Resource Website.] Fairfax County Public Schools. Retrieved 4 June 2008.</ref>Mmino wa Mali o mefutafuta mme o na le mefuta e le mmalwa e e farologaneng. Ditlhotlheletso dingwe tse di tumileng tsa Mali mo mminong ke seopedi se segolo sa [[kora]] [[Toumani Diabaté]], seopedi se segolo sa kora le [[Bassekou Kouyate]] setswerere sa mmino wa motlakase, moletsakatara wa medi le blues yo o tlhokafetseng [[Ali Farka Touré]], setlhopha sa mmino sa [[Tuareg]] e bong [[Tinariwen]], [[Khaira Arby]], le bataki ba le mmalwa ba mmino wa Afro-pop, Sangare, [[Fatoumata Diawara]], [[Rokia Traore]] le [[Habib Koité.]] Motantsho le one o na le seabe se segolo mo setsong sa Mali.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150423113351/http://www.ambamali-jp.org/en/e04-05.html Music]". Embassy of the Republic of Mali in Japan. Archived from [http://ambamali-jp.org/en/e04-05.html the original] on 8 July 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013</ref> Mediro ya boipelo wa go bina ke ditiragalo tse di tlwaelegileng mo ditsaleng, mme metantsho ya setso ya dimmaseke e dirwa kwa ditiragalong tsa meletlo.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20150423113351/http://www.ambamali-jp.org/en/e04-05.html Music]". Embassy of the Republic of Mali in Japan. Archived from [http://ambamali-jp.org/en/e04-05.html the original] on 8 July 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013</ref> == '''Ditlhangwa''' == Le fa dikwalo tsa Mali di sa itsege thata jaaka mmino wa tsone,<ref>[[:en:Mali#Velton|Velton]], p. 29.</ref>Mali e ntse e le nngwe ya mafelo a a tshelang thata a botlhale jwa tlhamo mo Aforika.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Milet|Milet]], p. 128</ref>Tlwaelo ya dikwalo ya Mali e fetisiwa thata ka molomo, ka jalis e boeletsa kgotsa e opela ditiragalo le dikgang tse di itsiweng ka tlhogo.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Milet|Milet]], p. 128</ref><ref>[[:en:Mali#Velton|Velton]], p. 28</ref> [[Amadou Hampâté Bâ]], raditiragalo yo o itsegeng thata wa Mali, o ne a fetsa bontsi jwa botshelo jwa gagwe a kwala dingwao tseno tsa molomo gore lefatshe le di gakologelwe.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Velton|Velton]], p. 28</ref> Padi e e itsegeng thata ya mokwadi wa Mo-Mali ke ya ga [[Yambo Ouologuem]] ya Le devoir de violence, e e neng ya gapa [[Prix Renaudot]] ya 1968 mme boswa jwa yone bo ne jwa senngwa ke ditatofatso tsa go utswa.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Milet|Milet]], p. 128</ref><ref>[[:en:Mali#Velton|Velton]], p. 28</ref>Bakwadi ba bangwe ba ba itsegeng thata ba Mali ba akaretsa Baba Traoré, Modibo Sounkalo Keita, [[Massa Makan Diabate]], [[Moussa Konate,]] le [[Fily Dabo Sissoko]].<ref>[[:en:Mali#Milet|Milet]], p. 128.</ref><ref>[[:en:Mali#Velton|Velton]], p. 28.</ref> == '''Motshameko''' == [[Motshameko o o ratiwang thata kwa Mali]] ke [[kgwele ya dinao ya mokgatlho]],<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":16" />e e neng ya tlhagelela thata morago ga gore Mali e nne mofenyi wa [[Sejana sa Ditšhabatšhaba sa Aforika sa 2002.]]<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18" />Bontsi jwa ditoropo le ditoropo di na le metshameko ya ka metlha;<ref name=":19" /> ditlhopha tse di ratiwang thata mo lefatsheng ke [[Djoliba AC]], [[Stade Malien]], le [[Real Bamako]], tsotlhe di kwa motsemogolo.<ref name=":20" /> Metshameko e e sa tlhomamang gantsi e tshamekiwa ke basha ba dirisa ngata ya matsela jaaka bolo.<ref name=":21" /> Kgwele ya dinao ke motshameko o mongwe o mogolo;<ref>[[:en:Mali#DiPiazza|DiPiazza]], p. 55</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080101165700/http://www.africabasket.com/mli/mli.asp "Malian Men Basketball"]. [[:en:Africabasket.com|Africabasket.com]]. Retrieved </ref>[[setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa bolotlola sa basadi sa Mali]], se se neng se eteletswe pele ke [[Hamchetou Maiga,]] se ne sa gaisana kwa [[Diolimpiking tsa Beijing]] tsa 2008.<ref>Chitunda, Julio. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184921/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/latenews/arti.asp?newsid=23726 Ruiz looks to strengthen Mali roster ahead of Beijing"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184921/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/latenews/arti.asp?newsid=23726 Archived] 3 March 2016 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. [[:en:FIBA|FIBA]].com (13 March 2008). Retrieved 24 June 2008.</ref>[[Mabole a setso]] (la lutte) le one a tlwaelegile, le fa go tuma ga one go fokotsegile mo dingwageng tsa bosheng.<ref>Hudgens, Jim, Richard Trillo, and Nathalie Calonnec. ''The [[:en:Rough_Guides|Rough Guide]] to West Africa''. Rough Guides (2003). [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-84353-118-6|1-84353-118-6]], p. 320.</ref> Motshameko wa [[wari]], mofuta wa [[mancala]], ke motshameko o o tlwaelegileng.<ref>[[:en:Mali#DiPiazza|DiPiazza]], p. 55</ref> Mali e ne e na le setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa banna sa [[volleyball ya lebopo]] se se neng se gaisana kwa [[Sejaneng sa continental]] sa [[Volleyball ya Lebopo sa CAVB]] sa [[2018–2020]].<ref>[https://www.fivb.com/en/about/news/continental-cup-finals-start-in-africa?id=94414 Continental Cup Finals start in Africa]". [[:en:FIVB|''FIVB''.]] 22 June 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210807141038/https://www.fivb.com/en/about/news/continental-cup-finals-start-in-africa?id=94414 Archived] from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021.</ref> == '''Dijo''' == [[Setshwantsho:Malian Tea2.JPG|thumb|Malian tea]] Raese le [[mmidi]] ke dijo tsa konokono tsa [[dijo tsa Mali,]] tse di lemiwamg thata mo e leng tsone tsa korong.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Velton|Velton]], p. 30</ref><ref>[[:en:Mali#Milet|Milet]], p. 146</ref> korong ka kakaretso e apewa ka disose tse di dirilweng ka matlhare a a jewang, jaaka morogo wa [[spinach]] kgotsa [[baobab]], ka sose ya matonkomane a tamati, mme di ka tsamaya le dikarolo tsa nama e e besitsweng (ka tlwaelo nama ya koko, ya nku, ya [[kgomo]], kgotsa ya podi).<ref>[[:en:Mali#Velton|Velton]], p. 30</ref><ref>[[:en:Mali#Velton|Velton]], p. 30.</ref>Dijo tsa Mali di farologana go ya ka dikgaolo.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Velton|Velton]], p. 30</ref><ref>[[:en:Mali#Milet|Milet]], p. 146</ref>Dijo tse dingwe tse di ratiwang thata di akaretsa [[fufu]], [[raese ya jollof]] le [[maafe]]. == '''Bobegadikgang''' == Kwa Mali, go na le makwalo a dikgang a le mmalwa a a jaaka [[Les Echos]], [[L'Essor]], [[Info Matin]], [[Nouvel Horizon]], le [[Le Républicain]] [<nowiki/>[[fr]]].<ref>Murison, Katharine, ed. (2002). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1KBP7QbalX0C&pg=PA652 Africa South of the Sahara 2003]''. Taylor & Francis. pp. 652–53. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-131-5|978-1-85743-131-]]5</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150906191638/https://books.google.com/books?id=1KBP7QbalX0C&pg=PA652 Archived] from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</ref>[[Ofisi ya phatlalatso ya sekapa ditshwantsho ya Mali]] ke tirelo ya puso. [[Ditlhaeletsano ka megala kwa Mali]] di akaretsa megala ya letheka e le 869,600, sekapa ditshwantsho di le 45,000 le badirisi ba maranyane a ditlhaeletsanyo a le 414,985.<ref>Batvina, Iryna. "[http://www.best-country.com/africa/mali/traditions Culture of Mali]". ''Best-Country.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161105173621/http://www.best-country.com/africa/mali/traditions Archived] from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2016</ref> == Bona gape == '''.'''[[Ditshupegetso tsa dipadi tse di amanang le Mali]] '''.'''[[Tlhaloso ka Mali]] == '''Dintlha''' == a. Bambara ke [[puo e e buiwang]] ke Palo ya masome a le borobabobedi 80% mo lekgolong ya baagi.<ref>[[:en:Mali#Prof|Mali country profile]], p. 6</ref> b. E akaretsa [[Bokeresete]], [[go tlhoka bodumedi]], le [[ditumelo tsa setso tsa Aforika.]] c. Tsela ya go bitsa mafoko a Se-Bambara: [<nowiki/>[[ma.li]]]. Mokwalo wa ga [[Se-N'Ko]]: rona ߡߊߟߌ [[Fula:]] 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 [[Searabia]]:مالي d. [[Bambara]]: Mali ka Fasojamana, [[N'Ko mokwalo]] wa go tswa mo leineng la Setswana [[Fula]]: 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤭, romanized: Renndaandi Maali [[Searabia]]: جمهورية مالي, se se fetotsweng ka [[Seroma]]: Jumhūriyyat Mālī == Metswedi == 80jzrf0qsk1ty7cpfti6c2oeup0eva6 0 11320 55088 44666 2026-09-19T23:44:55Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party|name=Affirmative Repositioning|logo=Affirmative Repositioning logo.png|foundation=2014 Ngwanatsele a le lesome|headquarters=Windhoek|international=World Federation of Democratic Youth|country=Namibia|abbreviation=AR|split=SWAPO}} '''Affirmative Repositioning''' (AR) ke phathi ya polotiki ya kganetso kwa [[Namibia]] e e itebagantseng le go fetola dikgang tsa ditsha, go rotloetsa banana le diphetogo tsa matshelo a batho. E tlhamilwe ka 2014 ke [[Job Amupanda]],[[Dimbulukeni Nauyoma]] le [[George Kambala]], AR e dirisa  maranyane go gwetlha beng gae go tsenya dikopo tsa erven (diteseletso tsa ditsha tsa bonno tse dipotlana) kwa ga mmasepala. Ka ntlha ya dikete tsa banana ba tsentse kopo ka letsatsi le le lengwe, ditirelo tse di tshwantshiwa e megwanto ya matshwititshwiti a batho. Phathi e, mo lekgethong la ntlha la Ngwanatsele 2024, e ne ya amogela bontsi jwa dikopo tsa ditsha kwa [[Windhoek]], kwa toropokgolo ya Namibia, tse di neng di anametse kwa ditoropong tse di gautshwane tsa Namibia.<ref>Ndalikokule, Paulina (2019-04-24). [https://www.namibian.com.na/?page=archive-read&id=187874 "AR to launch 'People's Litigation Centre'".] ''The Namibian''. Retrieved 2025-10-15</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201901220516.html | Namibia: AR to Challenge Squatters Law After Activist's Bail - allAfrica.com</ref> Phathi ya Affirmative Repositioning e ne e tshoseditse go tsaya lefatshe ka dikgoka fa dikopo tse di ka se atlege ka Phukwi 2015 mo go bo mmasepala ba ba farologaneng. Ka 2024, phathi e ne e kwadisitswe semmuso go nna phathi ya polotiki.<ref>Louw, Madeline (2024-07-04). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250623121433/https://99fm.com.na/ecn-officially-confirms-registration-of-ar-and-adm-as-political-parties/ "ECN officially confirms registration of AR and ADM as political parties".] ''99FM - Your Inspiration Station''. Retrieved 2025-10-15</ref> Affrimative Repositioning e tsere karolo mo ditlhophong tsa palamente tsa 2024 ya iponela ditilo di le thataro.<ref>info_e12wt4cs (2024-12-04). [https://www.observer24.com.na/nnn-first-female-president-of-namibia/ "NNN shatters glass ceiling – Windhoek Observer".] Retrieved 2025-10-15.</ref> == Go tlhamiwa le go dira == === E le lekgotla la matshelo a batho === Ka Ngwanatsele a robabongwe ngwaga wa 2014, Amupanda, Kambala le Nauyoma ba ne ba kgaola lefatshe ditlhare le ba neng ba le bitsa Erf 2013 kwa lefelong la maemo a a kwa godimo kwa [[Klein Windhoek]], ba supa fa ditlhwatlhwa tsa phiriso tsa lefelo leo di le kwa godimo le go thusa ba losika fela kwa mmasepaleng e le mabaka a se ba se dirang.<ref>Kambala, George; Nauyoma, Dimbulukeni; [[:en:Job_Amupanda|Amupanda, Job Shipululo]] (13 February 2015). [https://www.newera.com.na/2015/02/13/affirmative-repositioning-options/ "Affirmative Repositioning – The Two Options"]. ''New Era''.</ref> Go dira jalo go ne go supiwa e le go gaoa lefatshe e se ka fa molaong. Amupanda, o e neng e le mokwaledi wa ditlhaeletsanyo le phatlalatso mafoko wa lekgotla la banana la [[SWAPO]] ka nako eo ebile a bereka mo komiting ya lekgamu la banana, o ne a ithola marapo mo maemong a gagwe moragonyana ga boraro boo bo kobiwa kwa SWAPO ka ntlha yaditiro tsa bone. Go kobiwa mo go ne go laotswe ke bone jo bo kwa godimo jwa phathi ya SWAPO ebong: tautona [[Hifikepunye Pohamba]], mothusa tautona [[Hage Geingob]], mokwaledi mogolo [[Nangolo Mbumba]] le mothusi wa gagwe [[Laura McLeod-Katjirua]].<ref>Mongudhi, Tileni; Haidula, Tuyeimo (4 March 2015). [https://archive.ph/20150428112106/http://www.namibian.com.na/indexx.php?archive_id=134263 "Politburo endorses Amupanda's suspension"]. ''The Namibian''. Archived from [https://www.namibian.com.na/indexx.php?archive_id=134263 the original] on April 28, 2015.</ref> Boraro boo ba ne ba tswa kwa setsheng se ba neng ba nna kwa go sone e sw ka fa molaong morago ga malatsi a se kae. Ka nako eo, balweladitshwanelo ba AR ba ne ba simolola go gwetlha banana go tsenya dikopo tsa ditsha kwa go mmasepala wa Windhoek. Ba ne ba dirisa maranyane le methale ya SWAPO ya lekgotla la banana.<ref>Ndimbira, Diana (27 February 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104641/http://observer24.com.na/8-latest-news/4105-amupanda-causes-panic "Amupanda causes panic".] [[:en:Windhoek_Observer|''Windhoek Observer''.]]</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2014, toropokgolo Windhoek e ne ya amogela dikopo tsa ditsha di le dikete di le lesome le bone.<ref>Tjihenua, Theresia; Haidula, Tuyeimo (24 November 2014). [https://archive.ph/20150428112106/http://www.namibian.com.na/indexx.php?archive_id=130889 "14 000 submit land applications".] ''The Namibian''. Archived from [https://www.namibian.com.na/indexx.php?archive_id=130889 the original] on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2025</ref> Mo sebakeng sa bobedi dikopo tse dintsi ka Firikgong a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 2015, Windhoek e ne ya amogela dikopo tse dingwe di le dikete pedi makgolo a matlhamo. Dikopo tsa ditsha di ne tsa neelwa mmasepala wa Walvis Bay (di le dikete di robabongwe), [[Okahandja]] (di le dikete nne), [[Swakopmund]] (dikete tharo),<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150402152115/http://citizen.co.za/335308/mass-land-application-peaceful/ "Mass land application peaceful"]. ''The Citizen''. 28 February 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2025.</ref> [[Ongwediva]] (dikete pedi le makgolo a matlhano), [[Oshakati]] (dikete pedi makgolo a matlhano),[[Keetmanshoop]](makgolo a robabobedi),[[Rundu]](makgolo a mane), [[Otjiwarongo]](makgolo a mabedi) le [[Tsumeb]] (makgolo a mabedi).<ref>[https://www.newera.com.na/2015/03/02/mass-land-applications-hailed-success/ "Mass land applications hailed a success".] ''New Era''. 2 March 2015.</ref> Ka Moranang 2015, mmasepala wa [[Henties Bay]] o ne a neela bakopi ba letsholo la AR ditsha tse di tlhabolotsweng di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi, mo go bone go na le Amupanda,Nauyoma le Kambala. Go dira jaana go kgadilwe, baeteledipele ba AR ba supiwa ka monwana go dirisa maikaelelo a bone makgwakgwa ka go kopa ditsha kwa toropong ya tlhwatlhwa ya bojanala ya Henties Bay mme e le banni ba Windhoek.<ref>Heita, Hileni (24 April 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150518102248/http://observer24.com.na/national/4382-ar-trio-receive-henties-plots "AR Trio Receive Henties Plots".] ''Windhoek Observer''. Archived from [https://www.observer24.com.na/national/4382-ar-trio-receive-henties-plots the original] on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2025</ref> <ref>Beukes, Jemima (7 May 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150515002419/http://www.namibiansun.com/amupanda-disappointed-by-gurirabs-remarks.78971 "Amupanda disappointed by Gurirab's remarks"]. ''Namibian Sun''. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2025-10-15</ref>Ka Motsheganobg 2015, ditsha tse ga di a fetolwa. Ka Motsheganong 2016, baeteledipele ba bararo ba AR ba ne ba busediwa go nna maloko a SWAPO morago ga gore ba fenye tsheko ya bone ya kgotlatshekelo kgatlhanong le phathi.<ref>Muraranganda, Elvis (16 May 2016). [https://www.newera.com.na/2016/05/12/swapo-welcomes-expelled-quartet/ "Swapo welcomes back expelled quartet"]. ''New Era''.</ref> === Jaaka phathi ya polotiki === Morago ga gore baakgedi ba polotiki ba akanyetse gore letsholo la Affirmative Repositioning le tla fetoga go nna phathi ya polotiki,<ref>Whittaker, Shaun; Boesak, Harry; van Wyk, Mitchell (20 December 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20201026075303/https://www.namibian.com.na/196536/archive-read/Namibia-Post-Swapo "Namibia Post-Swapo".] ''The Namibian''.</ref><ref>Iikela, Sakeus (19 September 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20201026075259/https://www.namibian.com.na/193215/archive-read/AR-promises-76-000-houses-for-Windhoek "AR promises 76 000 houses for Windhoek".] ''The Namibian''. p. 3.</ref> letsholo le ne la kwadisiwa mo ditlhophong tsa 2020 tsa kgaolo e le mokgatlho kwa ditoropong tsa Windhoek,Walvis Bay le Swakopmund.<ref>Iikela, Sakeus (23 September 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20201026212324/https://www.namibian.com.na/94975/read/ECN-registers-22-associations "ECN registers 22 associations"]. ''The Namibian''. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2025.</ref> == Kamogelo == Ka 2015, AR e ne ya tlhalosiwa e le tiragalo ya kagiso ya matshwititshwiti fa e sale ka boipuso ka 1990.<ref name=":0" /> Maemo a thulaganyo mo letsholong ga mmogo le ditsholofetso tsa polotiki tsa molweladitshwanelo o mogolo Amupanda, di ne tsa tsisa matshwenyego a gore AR ke phathi ya polotiki e e santseng e dirwa. Phathi ya SWAPO e kgadile go utswa lefatshe ga ntlha, mme mo tiragalong ga go gwetlha bontsi jwa batho,phathi eo ga e a tsaya maemo. Mokwaledi mogolo wa pele wa SPYL [[Elijah Ngurade]] o eme nokeng letsgolo mme bontsi jwa mapolotiki a SWAPO bone ga ba dumalane le lone.<ref>[https://www.newera.com.na/2015/02/27/swapo-divided-land-applications/ "Swapo divided on land applications"]. ''New Era''. 27 February 2015.</ref> == Ditso tsa ditlhopho == === Ditlhopho tsa botautona === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ditlhopho !Ntlhopheng !Ditalama !% !Maduo |- |2024 |[[Job Amupanda]] |dikete di le lesome le borobabongwe, makgolo a marataro, masome a supa le borataro |1.79% |O ne a latlhegelwa |} === Ditlhopho tsa bo palamente === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ditlhopho !Ntlhopheng !Ditalama !% !Ditilo !Maduo |- |2024 |[[Job Amupanda]] |Dikete di le masome a supa le bobedi, makgolo a mabedi, masome a mabedi le bosupa |6.61% |Di le thataro mo go tse di masome a ferabongwe le borataro |Kganetso |} == Metswedi == 11vo6cq06amr35eet1vv0wu419hnnha 0 11875 55087 50003 2026-09-19T23:37:38Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55087 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abeba Birhane''' ke moitsesaense wa tlhaloganyo yo o tsholetsweng kwa Ethiopia yo o berekang kwa makopanelong a ditsamaiso tse di raraaneng tsa go ikamanya le maemo, go ithuta ka metšhine, tshekamelo ya algorithm le dithuto tse di masisi tsa lotso. Tiro ya ga Birhane le Vinay Prabhu e senotse gore ditshwantsho tse dikgolo tsa ditshwantsho tse gantsi di dirisiwang go tlhabolola dithulaganyo tsa AI, go akaretsa ImageNet le 80 Million Tiny Images, di ne di na le maina a bomorafe le a bosotoma le ditshwantsho tse di kgopisang. <ref>Song, Victoria (2 July 2020). "MIT Takes Down Popular AI Dataset Due to Racist, Misogynistic Content". ''Gizmodo''. Retrieved 2021-03-[https://gizmodo.com/mit-takes-down-popular-ai-dataset-due-to-racist-misogy-1844244206 07]</ref><ref>"UCD student's research takes down an 80-million image artificial intelligence database". ''independent''. 13 July 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-[https://www.independent.ie/news/ucd-students-research-takes-down-an-80-million-image-artificial-intelligence-database/39363018.html 05]</ref> <ref>"From data strikes to data poisoning, how consumers can take back control from corporations". ''Fortune''. Retrieved 2021-03-[https://fortune.com/2021/02/23/your-data-is-a-weapon-that-can-help-change-corporate-behavior/ 05]</ref>O ne a lemogiwa ke VentureBeat jaaka motlhami yo mogolo mo ponong ya khomputara<ref>"Announcing the AI Innovation Awards winners at Transform 2020". ''VentureBeat''. 2020-07-16. Retrieved 2021-03-05.[https://venturebeat.com/ai/announcing-the-ai-innovation-awards-winners-at-transform-2020]</ref> mme a bidiwa jaaka mongwe wa batho ba le 100 ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo AI 2023 ke makasine wa TIME. <ref>"TIME100 AI 2023: Abeba Birhane". ''Time''. 2023-09-07. Retrieved 2023-09-[https://time.com/collection/time100-ai/6308999/abeba-birhane-ai/ 19]</ref> == Botshelo le thuto == Birhane o tsholetswe kwa [[Ethiopia.]]<ref>O'Connell, Claire. "Getting to the heart of machine learning and complex humans". ''The Irish Times''. Retrieved 2021-03-07.[https://www.irishtimes.com/news/science/getting-to-the-heart-of-machine-learning-and-complex-humans-1.4330238]</ref> O ne a amogela Bachelor of Science ya gagwe mo [[Psychology le Bachelor of Arts mo Philosophy]] go tswa kwa The Open University.<ref>"TCD student wins 2018 Mary Mulvihill Award – Mary Mulvihill Award". ''marymulvihillaward.ie''. Retrieved 2021-03-[https://marymulvihillaward.ie/2018/05/23/tcd-student-wins-2018-mary-mulvihill-award/ 07]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2015, o weditse Master of Science in Cognitive Science mme, ka ngwaga wa 2021, Ph.D. ya gagwe kwa Complex Software Lab kwa School of Computer Science kwa [[University College Dublin]].<ref>"Abeba Birhane | Lero". ''lero.ie''. Archived from the original on 2021-03-02. Retrieved 2021-03-05.[https://web.archive.org/web/20210302111437/https://lero.ie/people/abeba-birhane]</ref><ref>@Abebab (6 December 2021). "i'm a dr" (Tweet) – via Twitter.[https://web.archive.org/web/20250905165701/https://x.com/Abebab/status/1467913711394381827]</ref> == Tiro le patlisiso == Birhane o ne a ithuta ka ditlamorago tsa boranyane jo bo golang jwa AI le kafa bo bopang batho le ditšhaba tsa lefelo leo ka teng. O ne a lemoga gore dithulaganyo tsa AI di ama thata ditlhopha tse di bokoa tse di jaaka badiri ba ba godileng, batho ba ba fetolang bong jwa bone, batswakwa le bana. Dipatlisiso tsa gagwe ka ga maitsholo a a amanang le batho ba bangwe di fentse sekgele sa pampiri e e gaisang kwa NeurIPS's Black in AI workshop ka ngwgaga wa 2019.<ref>[https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00160-y https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-020-00160-y]</ref>Gape o ithutile le go kwala ka algorithmic colonization e e gogwang ke merero ya dikgwebo.<ref>Birhane, Abeba (2020-08-06). "Algorithmic Colonization of Africa". ''SCRIPTed''. '''17''' (2): 389–409. doi:10.2966/scrip.170220.389. ISSN 1744-2567.[https://web.archive.org/web/20260328211347/https://script-ed.org/article/algorithmic-colonization-of-africa/]</ref><ref>"Building Wakanda". ''VentureBeat''. 2020-09-07. Retrieved 2021-03-[https://venturebeat.com/ai/building-wakanda 07]</ref> Tiro ya gagwe mo go decolonizing computational sciences e ne ya bua ka dikgatelelo tse di ruilweng mo dithulaganyong tsa ga jaana segolo thata mo basading ba mmala. Ka ngwaga wa 2020, Birhane le Vinay Prabhu, moitsesaense yo mogolo wa go ithuta ka metšhine kwa UnifyID, ba gatisitse pampiri e e tlhatlhobang go kokoanngwa ga data go go nang le mathata, go tshwaiwa, go kgaoganngwa le ditlamorago tsa ditshwantsho tse dikgolo tsa ditshwantsho. <ref>Prabhu, Vinay Uday; Birhane, Abeba (2020-07-23). "Large image datasets: A pyrrhic win for computer vision?". arXiv:2006.16923 [cs.CY].[https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.16923]</ref>Ditheo tse tsa tshedimosetso, go akaretsa ImageNet le MIT's 80 Million Tiny Images, di dirisitswe go tlhabolola diketekete tsa di-algorithms tsa AI le ditsamaiso. Birhane le Prabhu ba fitlhetse gore di ne di na le maina a a tlhaolang batho ka lotso le a a nyatsang basadi mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di kgopisang. [ Seno se ne sa felela ka gore MIT e ntshe sete ya data ya 80 Million Tiny Images ka boithaopo le semmuso. <ref>"80 Million Tiny Images". ''groups.csail.mit.edu''. Retrieved 2021-03-[https://groups.csail.mit.edu/vision/TinyImages/ 07]</ref> <ref>"MIT takes down 80 Million Tiny Images data set due to racist and offensive content". ''VentureBeat''. 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2021-03-[https://venturebeat.com/ai/mit-takes-down-80-million-tiny-images-data-set-due-to-racist-and-offensive-content 07]</ref><ref>Ustik, Georgina (2020-07-01). "MIT removes huge dataset that teaches AI systems to use racist, misogynistic slurs". ''Neural | The Next Web''. Retrieved 2021-03-[https://thenextweb.com/news/mit-removes-huge-dataset-that-teaches-ai-systems-to-use-racist-misogynistic-slurs 07]</ref> Bosheng jaana, Birhane o ne a dira le Rediet Abebe, George Obaido, le Sekou Remy mo go batlisiseng dikgoreletsi tsa go abelana tshedimosetso mo Afrika. Ba ne ba lemoga gore go sa lekalekane ga maatla go botlhokwa thata mo go abelaneng tshedimosetso, tota le fa tshedimosetso e tswa kwa Afrika. Dipatlisiso tsa bone di ne tsa phasaladiwa kwa Khonferenseng ya [[ACM ka ga Tekatekano, go Ikarabela, le Tshedimosetso e e Bulegileng]].<ref>"AI researchers detail obstacles to data sharing in Africa". ''VentureBeat''. 2021-02-23. Retrieved 2021-03-[https://venturebeat.com/ai/ai-researchers-detail-obstacles-to-data-sharing-in-africa 05]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2024, Birhane o ne a tlhoma setlhopha sa patlisiso sa AI Accountability Lab kwa Trinity College Dublin.<ref>"Trinity establishes AI Accountability Lab". ''Trinity College Dublin''. 2024-11-28. Retrieved 2021-03-05.[https://www.tcd.ie/news_events/top-stories/featured/trinity-establishes-ai-accountability-lab-/]</ref> == Dikgele tse di tlhophilweng == * 2019 NeurIPS Black in AI Workshop Best Paper Award<ref>"AI experts urge machine learning researchers to tackle climate change". ''VentureBeat''. 2019-12-16. Retrieved 2021-03-[https://venturebeat.com/ai/ai-experts-urge-machine-learning-researchers-to-tackle-climate-change 05]</ref> * 2020 Venture Beat AI Innovations Award in the category Computer Vision Innovation (received with Vinay Prabhu) * 2021 100 Brilliant Women in AI Ethics Hall of Fame Honoree<ref>"Seven researchers from Irish universities take home Lero prizes". ''siliconrepublic.com''. 6 September 2022.[https://womeninaiethics.org/the-list/hall-of-fame/]</ref> * 2022 Lero Director’s Prize for PhD/PostDoctoral Contribution.<ref>"Seven researchers from Irish universities take home Lero prizes". ''siliconrepublic.com''. 6 September 2022.[https://www.siliconrepublic.com/innovation/lero-directors-prizes-2022-sfi]</ref> * 2023 100 Most Influential People in AI by TIME magazine<ref>"The 100 Most Influential People in AI 2023". ''Time''. Retrieved 2023-09-[https://web.archive.org/web/20241227021504/https://time.com/collection/time100-ai/ 19]</ref> == Metswedi == dh6k9c1z62pf0kb0k96r0y12wnv3f7v 0 12519 55116 46963 2026-09-20T09:25:31Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55116 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lojain Omran advertises a kitchen 01.png|thumb]] '''Lojain Omran''' (o belegwe ka 26 Diphalane 1977[https://www.myimperfectlife.com/features/lojain-omran-dubai-bling <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][[https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/motoring/the-power-of-pink-1.494255 <nowiki>2]</nowiki>]) ke moanedi wa sesupa ditshwantsho wa kwa Saudi Arabia le motho yo o itsegeng thata mo metsweding ya dikgang. O ne a neelana ka lenaneo mo kanaleng ya kwa Bahrain mme e ne e le leloko la setlhopha sa sesupa ditshwantsho mo lenaneong la sesupa ditshwantsho la [[:en:Netflix|Netflix]], [[:en:Dubai_Bling|Dubai Bling]] (2022).[3] == Botshelo jwa pele == Omran o belegwe ka di 26 Diphalane 1977[https://www.myimperfectlife.com/features/lojain-omran-dubai-bling <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] kwa [[:en:Jubail|Jubail]], [[:en:Eastern_Province,_Saudi_Arabia|Eastern Province]]. Rraagwe ke Ahmed Omran mme o na le bana ba motho ba le bararo, bomonnawe Mazen Omran le Basil Omran le kgaitsadie e bong [[:en:Aseel_Omran|Aseel Omran]].[https://www.myimperfectlife.com/features/lojain-omran-dubai-bling <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [[https://www.shethepeople.tv/film-theatre/who-is-lojain-omran-dubai-bling-4433526 <nowiki>4]</nowiki>] [[http://women2030.com/node/238 <nowiki>5]</nowiki>] O ne a fudugela kwa Bahrain ka 2001, koo a neng a tswelela ka tiro ya gagwe ya banka mme moragonyana a nna manejara wa ditiro kwa [[:en:Alawwal_Bank|Alawwal Bank]], eo pele e neng e bidiwa Saudi Hollandi Bank. Morago o ne a dira kwa [[:en:Citibank_Bahrain|Citibank]] kwa Bahrain pele a nna Mookamedi wa Ditirelo kwa Fotoon Edu-Tinment, maemo a a neng a a tshwere go fitlha ka 2004.[https://www.bolnews.com/viral/2023/12/who-is-lojain-omran-life-net-worth-career/amp/ <nowiki>[ 3]</nowiki>] == Tiro == Mananeo a thelebishene a ga Omran pele ga Good Morning Arabs! e ne e akaretsa The Situation with Lojain, Ya Hala, Around the Gulf le World of Eve.[http://women2030.com/node/238 <nowiki>[ 5]</nowiki>] Forbes e ne ya mo tsenya mo lenaaneng la 55 mo lenaaneng la bone la 2017 la batho ba ba tumileng ba le 100 ba Baarabia, mongwe wa batho ba le batlhano ba Saudi ba ba neng ba le mo lenaaneng.[https://www.egyptindependent.com/forbes-top-100-arab-celebrities-egypt-tops-list/ <nowiki>[ 7]</nowiki>] Omran o tlhalositswe e le "mongwe wa batho ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo metsweding ya dikgang kwa Botlhaba-Gare".[[https://www.khaleejtimes.com/technology/social-media-influencers-the-power-players-in-the-middle-east <nowiki>8]</nowiki>][https://www.khaleejtimes.com/news/general/influencers-post-over-high-dewa-bills-sparks-controversy <nowiki>[9]</nowiki>] Omran o na le balatedi ba ba fetang dimilione di le 11 mo akhaontong ya gagwe ya Instagram,[https://www.instagram.com/lojain_omran/ <nowiki>[10]</nowiki>] mme ke mongwe wa ba le batlhano "ba ba tumileng thata mo go tsa feshene le bontle ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso" ba ba amang millennials kwa UAE.[ 11] Gulf Business e mo kwadile jaaka nomoro ya bo 87 mo Arab Power List ya 2018, e mo tlhalosa e le "Motlhotlheletsi / Moamogedi wa sesupa ditshwantsho". == Metswedi == [1]Izzo, Christina (November 18, 2022). [https://www.myimperfectlife.com/features/lojain-omran-dubai-bling "Who is Lojain Omran from 'Dubai Bling'? All about her net worth, husband and more]". My Imperfect Life. Retrieved July 7, 2024. [2] Nelmes, Stephen (29 May 2010). "[https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/motoring/the-power-of-pink-1.494255 The power of pink]". The National. Retrieved 16 August 2018. [3] Abdullah, Rao (December 18, 2023). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20240707082230/https://www.bolnews.com/viral/2023/12/who-is-lojain-omran-life-net-worth-career/amp/ Who is Lojain Omran? Life, Net Worth & Career]". BOL News. Retrieved July 7, 2024. [4] Prakash, Priya (March 30, 2024). [https://www.shethepeople.tv/film-theatre/who-is-lojain-omran-dubai-bling-4433526 "Who Is Lojain Omran? Everything To Know About 'Dubai Bling' Star]". SheThePeople. Retrieved July 7, 2024. [http://women2030.com/node/238 <nowiki>[5] "Lojain Omran: Media personality</nowiki>]". Women 2030. Retrieved 16 August 2018. [6] Leung, Yasmine (October 28, 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240707081720/https://www.realitytidbit.com/netflix-reality-shows/who-is-dubai-blings-lojain-omran-and-what-is-her-net-worth "Dubai Bling's Lojain Omran left the finance industry to dominate Bahrain TV]". Reality Tidbit. Retrieved July 7, 2024. [https://www.egyptindependent.com/forbes-top-100-arab-celebrities-egypt-tops-list/ <nowiki>[7] "Forbes names 100 biggest Arab celebrities, Egypt tops list</nowiki>]". Egypt Independent. 11 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2018. [8] Azaiz, Azaiz (5 July 2017). "[https://www.khaleejtimes.com/technology/social-media-influencers-the-power-players-in-the-middle-east Social media influencers: The power players in the Middle East]". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 20 August 2018. [9] Al Zarooni, Mustafa (8 September 2017). [https://www.khaleejtimes.com/news/general/influencers-post-over-high-dewa-bills-sparks-controversy "Influencer's post over high Dewa bills sparks controversy]". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 16 August 2018. [https://www.instagram.com/lojain_omran/ <nowiki>[10]"Lojain Omran (@lojain_omran) • Instagram photos and videos</nowiki>]". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2018-12-24. faaerk5eytfdqcg8ae9h93epbc8c44k 0 13526 55114 50571 2026-09-20T08:39:17Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55114 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Kariba dam.jpg|thumb|Letamo le le bonwang go tswa kwa Zimbabwe]] '''Letamo la Kariba''' ke letamo la semente se se obegileng gabedi mo Mokgatšheng wa Kariba wa noka ya Zambezi magareng ga Zambia le Zimbabwe. Mogorogoro wa letamo o boleele jwa di metara di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi (420 ft) le boleele jwa dimetara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a supa le borobaongwe (1,900 ft). <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110605023350/http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/kariba-dam.jsp?l=K&p=1 "Kariba Dam".] Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Letamo le dira Letsha la Kariba, le le boleele jwa dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le masome a robabobedi mme le na le metsi a dikubita tsa dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi le botlhano . == Dikago == Letamo leno le ne la agiwa go ya ka ditaelo tsa Puso ya Federation of Rhodesia le Nyasaland, e leng 'kolone ya semmuso' ya Mmusomogolo wa Boritane. Baenjenere ba ba neng ba le bagakolodi e ne e le Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, e ne e le kgwebo e e kopanetsweng ya baenjenere ba ba gakololang, e e neng e akaretsa Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, yo setlhopha sa gagwe se neng se eteletswe pele ke Sir Angus Paton,<ref>[https://www.newcivilengineer.com/archive/obituary-sir-angus-paton-15-04-1999/ "Obituary Sir Angus Paton"]. ''New Civil Engineer''. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref>le Coyne et Bellier, yo setlhopha sa gagwe se neng se eteletswe pele ke André Coyne.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091105204805/http://www.spurwing.co.zw/facts_kariba.htm "Kariba Dam"]. Spurwing facts. Archived from [http://www.spurwing.co.zw/facts_kariba.htm the original] on 5 November 2009.</ref>Letamo le le neng le dirilwe ka konkoreite le le neng le na le bogodimo jo bo menaganeng gabedi le ne la agiwa magareng ga 1955 le 1959 ke Cogefar-Impresit ya Italy<ref name=":0" /> ka tlhotlhwa ya $135,000,000 ya legato la ntlha le le neng le na le khuti ya maatla ya Kariba South fela. Kago ya bofelo le tlaleletso ya logaga lwa Kariba North Power ke Mitchell Construction<ref>Indictment: Power & Politics in the Construction Industry, David Morrell, Faber & Faber, 1987, ISBN 978-0-571-14985-8</ref> ga e a ka ya wediwa go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977), ka ntlha ya mathata a sepolotiki, ka tlhwatlhwa ya $480,000,000. Ka nako ya go aga, badiri ba le masome a robabobedi le borataro ba ne ba latlhegelwa ke matshelo a bone. <ref name=":0" /><ref>[http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090719030742/http://www.industcards.com/hydro%2Dafrica%2Dsouthern.htm "Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa"]. ''Power Plants Around the World Photo Gallery''. Industry Cards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2014.</ref> Letamo le ne la bulwa semmuso ke Kgosigadi Elizabeth wa Mma-Kgosigadi ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le bosupa ,ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro .<ref>[https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C2039917 "Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960".] National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>[https://phmuseum.com/news/the-double-spiritual-nature-of-lake-kariba "PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba".] 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref> == Pompo ya motlakase == Letamo la Kariba le tlamela dikarolo tsa Zambia (Copperbelt) le Zimbabwe ka dimekawate di le 2.010 tsa motlakase mme le ntsha di-gigawatt-hour di le 6.400 ka ngwaga. Naga nngwe le nngwe e na le madirelo a yone a motlakase kwa bokone le kwa borwa jwa letamo leno. Seteishene sa borwa sa Zimbabwe se ntse se dira go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro mme se na le dijenereitara di le thataro tsa 125 megawatts (168,000 hp) nngwe le nngwe ya tsona e na le palogotlhe ya 750 megawatts (1,010,000 hp).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100613111114/http://dams.org/docs/kbase/studies/cszzmain.pdf "Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000"] (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref><ref>[http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090719030742/http://www.industcards.com/hydro%2Dafrica%2Dsouthern.htm "Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa".] IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ele lesome le motso, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro( 2013) go ne ga itsisiwe ke Tona ya Matlotlo ya Zimbabwe, Patrick Chinamasa gore bokgoni jwa kwa Zimbabwe (South) Kariba hydropower station bo tla okediwa ka dimekawate di le makgolo a mararo. Ditshenyegelo tsa go tlhabolola lefelo leno di ne tsa tshegediwa ke kadimo ya diranta di le dimilione di le masome a mararo le lesome le borobabongwe go tswa kwa China. Tumalano e ke sekai se se bonalang sentle sa "Look East" ya Zimbabwe, e e neng ya amogelwa morago ga go se utlwane le mebuso ya Bophirima.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131215142127/http://www.thezimbabwemail.com/zimbabwe/18478-no-more-relations-with-the-west-zimbabwe.html 'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe] Archived 2013-12-15 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref>Kago ya katoloso ya Kariba South e simolotse mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone ( 2014) mme kwa tshimologong go ne go solofetswe gore e tla wediwa k a ngwaga wa dikete tse pedid le lesome le borobabongwe (2019).<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201508170583.html "Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course".] The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobaobedi (2018), TautonaEmmerson Mnangagwa o ne a laela gore go atolosiwe Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Kariba South. Go tsenngwa ga diterekere tse pedi tse disha tsa motlakase tsa dimekawate di le 150 (200 000 hp) go ne ga oketsa maatla a motlakase a seteišene seno go nna dimekawate di le sekete le masome a matlhano (1 410 000 hp). Tiro ya katoloso e ne ya dirwa ke Sinohydro, ka tlhwatlhwa ya US$533 million. Tiro e simolotse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , mme e weditswe ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi ( 2018). Seteišene sa kwa bokone sa Zambia se ntse se dira go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le borataro, mme se na le dijenereitara di le nne tsa 150 megawatts (200,000 hp) nngwe le nngwe e le palogotlhe ya 600 megawatts (800,000 hp); tiro ya go oketsa bokgoni jono ka di-megawatts tse dingwe gape di le 360 (480,000 hp) go ya go di-megawatts di le 960 (1,290,000 hp) e weditswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013). Go ne ga okediwa ka dijenereitara tse dingwe tse pedi tsa 180 MW. 13][14][15] == Metswedi == 3sym1fwfr8rweohrhxc0b5zfv6xwnk3 0 14345 55090 54065 2026-09-20T01:33:32Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55090 wikitext text/x-wiki Tsamaiso ya '''botsogo mo Botswana''' e ntse e tokafatsa le go atolosa mafaratlhatlha a yone gore e kgone go fitlhelelwa motlhofo. Maemo a lefatshe jaaka lefatshe le le nang le letseno le le kwa godimo fa gare, a dirile gore lefatshe le kgone go dira kgatelopele mo go tlameleng bontsi jwa batho ba Botswana ka tlhokomelo ya botsogo. Bontsi jwa banni ba Botswana ba ba didikadike di le pedi le dikete di le tharo jaanong ba nna mo sekgelengb sa dikhilomithara di le tlhano go tswa kwa kokelong kgotsa kokelwana ya botsogo.<ref name=":0">[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/health-and-nutrition "Health and nutrition".] ''www.unicef.org''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Ka ntlha ya se, go tlhokafala ga masea le bomme ka nako ya pelegi go ile kwa tlase.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana "Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency"]. ''www.cia.gov''. Archived from [https://www.cia.gov/stories/story/spotlighting-the-world-factbook-as-we-bid-a-fond-farewell/ the original] on January 9, 2021. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Go tokafala ga mafaratlhatlha a botsogo mo lefatsheng le gape go bontshistwe ka koketsego ya palo ya boleele jwa botshelo go tswa kwa nako ya fa ngwana a belegwa, e ka nna bana bolthe ba ba belegelwang mo dikokelong.<ref name=":0" /> Go kgona go tlamelwa ka tsa botsogo ga go a fedisa mathata otlhe a lefatshe a botsogo, jaaka mafatshe a mantsi go kagbaganya [[Aferika|Aforika]], lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le santse le itemogela dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa bolwetsi jwa HIV/AIDS le malwetsi a mangwe a a tshelanwang. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le boraro, 25% ya banni ba Botswana e ne e amilwe ke mogare wa HIV/AIDS.<ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220514073736/https://www.beintheknow.org/understanding-hiv-epidemic/data "HIV and Aids in Botswana".] ''Avert''. AVERT International HIV & Aids Charity. 2020-04-23. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana gape le na le dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa tlhaelo dikotla mo baneng ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano mo go bakileng matshwenyego a mangwe a botsogo a tshwana le letshololo le go tlhoka go gola sentle.<ref name=":3">[https://globalnutritionreport.org/resources/nutrition-profiles/ "Botswana Nutrition Profile".] ''Global Nutrition Report''. 2020-02-17. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Mafaratlhatlha a botsogo == Lefatshe la Botswana le neela banni botlhe ba Botswana tlhokomelo ya botsogo ka mafaratlhatlha a botsogo a puso, mafaratlhatlha a botsogo a a ikemetseng le one a teng. Puso e okametse 98% ya dikokelo tsa botsogo. Tlhokomelo ya botsogo mo Botswana, e neelwa ka mokgwa o o kgaogantsweng ka tlhokomelo ya botsogo<ref>''Healthcare management''. Kieran Walshe, Judith Smith (Third&nbsp;ed.). London. 2016. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-335-26352-3|978-0-335-26352-3]]</bdi>. OCLC&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/961878358 961878358.]</ref><ref>''Association of medicine and psychiatry primary care psychiatry''. Robert M. McCarron (Second&nbsp;ed.). Philadelphia. 2019. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4963-4921-7|978-1-4963-4921-7]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/1088810484 1088810484.]</ref> ya motheo e le yone tsamaiso kgolo ya botsogo. Lefatshe la Botswana le na le mafaratlhatlha a tseneletseng a botsogo (dipatela, dikokelo, dikokelwana, le tse di tsamayang) mo dikgaolong tse di masome mabedi le bosupa. Fa godimo ga dikokelo di le lekgolo le bone tse di nang le malao, di le lekgolo masome a robabongwe le botlhano tse di senang malao, dikokelwana di le makgolo a mararo, masome a mararo le borobabobedi le tse di tsamayang di le makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mane le bone, ditirelo tsa botsogo jwa motheo mo Botswana di amantswe le ditirelo tse dingwe tsa sepatela, di neelwa mo dikarolong tsa balwetsi ba ba sa robadiwang.<ref name=":4">[http://www.statsbots.org.bw/health "Health".] ''Statistics Botswana''. 2016-05-09. Retrieved 2026-09-07.</ref> Ke ka ditsamaiso tse gore a bo ditirelo tsa go thibela, go rotloetsa le go fodisa le tlhokomelo di neelwang. Go tla go itekodisa, banni ba Botswana ba lopiwa madi a a kanang ka dipula tse tlhano, kwa ntle ga ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano kgotsa tse di fetileng masome a marataro le botlhano, ba bone ba lekodisiwang go sa lopiwe sepe. Mafaratlhatlha a dipatela tsa puso a rulagantswe fa gare ga dipatela tsa motheo, tse di berekang jaaka dipatela tsa malwetsi otlhe, di na le ditsompelo tsa go alafa malwetsi a a farologaneng le matshosetsi a botsogo, dipatela tsa dikgaolo, tse di nang le malao a mantsi di na le di tlamelo tsa go alafa malwetsi a a masisi, le dipatela tse go romelwang batho ke dingaka tse dingwe kwa go tsone, tse di nang le ditlamo tsa go alafa malwetsi a a rileng. Go na le dipatela tse di ikemetseng di le pedi mo lefatsheng leo. Puso e dulelela kalafi ya balwetsi ba ba romelwang kwa mafatsheng a sele go bona kalafi.<ref>''The State of Nursing and Nursing Education in Africa: A Country-by-country Review'', [[:en:Sigma_Theta_Tau|Sigma Theta Tau]] (2012)</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250322153533/https://www.moh.gov.bw/hospitals1.html "Ministry Of Health & Wellness, Botswana".] ''www.moh.gov.bw''.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140803005024/http://www.aho.afro.who.int/profiles_information/index.php/Botswana:The_Health_System "Botswana:The Health System - AHO".] ''www.aho.afro.who.int''. Archived from [https://aho.afro.who.int/profiles_information/index.php/Botswana:The_Health_System the original] on August 3, 2014.</ref> == Ditlamelo tsa botsogo == === Ditshenyegelo tsa botsogo === Ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa Botswana mo botsogong ke 5.4% ya dipoelo kgotsa di dolara di le makgolo a robabobedi, masome a supa le motso motho a le mongwe.<ref name=":4" /> Mo dingwageng tse tlhano ste di fitileng, lekgotla la UNICEF le akanyetsa fa puso e abetse 11% wa kabo ya madi yotlhe mo ditirelong tsa botsogo.<ref name=":0" /> Mo patlisisong e e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro ke porojeke ya molao wa botsogo, go lemogilwe f puso ya Botswana e duela 5% ya madi otlhe a a dirisetswang tsa botsogo mo lefatsheng leo. Bontsi jwa madi ao a tswa mo dipoelong tsa ditswammung mo go rayang gore puso e ne e sa tlhoke go ntsha madi a lekgetho mo go tsa botsogo. 39% wa madi a botsogo o ne a tswa mo dikomponeng le batho ba ba ikemetseng, ba ba abang madi ba dira 7 % fela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220123022630/https://www.healthpolicyproject.com/pubs/7887/Botswana_HFP.pdf "Health Financing Profile, Botswana"] (PDF). ''Health Policy Project''. May 2016. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Mo ditsong, bontsi jwa madi a botsogo kwa Botswana bo ne bo tswa mo bathong ba ba abang madi e le maiteko a mafatshefatshe a go emisa go anama ga HIV/AIDS mo Aforika. Mo dingwageng tsa mo bosheng, madi a, a fokotsegile ka maiteko a mafatshefatshe a go fedisa go anama ga HIV/AIDS a fokotsegile, lefatshe la Botswana le okeditse dipoelo tsa lone. Lenaneo la ga tautona la potlako la go imolola AIDS (PEPFAR) le fokoditse madi a le a abang go tswa kwa didikadikeng di le masome a robabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome go ya kwa didikadikeng tsa di dolara di le masome a mane ka nwgaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro, madi a ne a fokodiwa gape go nna di dolara di le didikadike di le makgolo a mararo le botlhano ka seelo se se beilweng sa go tsweledisa go fokotsa seelo ka didikadike di lelesome ka ngwaga.<ref>Cooke, Jennifer (2012-11-30). [https://www.csis.org/analysis/competing-pressures-us-pepfar-botswana "Competing Pressures for U.S. PEPFAR in Botswana"]. ''Center For Strategic and International Studies''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Babereki == [[Setshwantsho:Princess Marina Hospital - Administration Building.jpg|thumb|Sepatela sa Princess Marina]] Dingaka tsa Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro di ne di le 0.37 mo bathong ba le sekete.<ref name=":1" /> === Batlamedi ba botsogo mo maranyaneng === * Khansele ya Botswana ya batho ba ba tlamelang mo go tsa botsogo ga e na batho ba tlamelang mo go tsa botsogo mo maranyaneng * Medpages: go senka batho ba botsogo ka tatelano le kgaolo go letla go batla batho ba botsogo ka leina kgotsa ka se ba itebagantseng le sone mo go tsa botsogo == Dipatela == Lefatshe la Botswana le na dipatela di le masome mabedi le borataro go anama lefatshe tse di leng bontlha jwa mafaratlhatlha a a kgaogantsweng gararo a okametswe ke lepghata la botsogo. Mafaratlhatlha a ntlha a na le dipatela di le lesome le borataro kwa magaeng tse sengwe le sengwe sa tsone se tlamelang batho ba palo e e sa feteng dikete di le lesome. Sepatela sengwe le sengwe se na le malao a le masome mabedi go tsena a le masome a supa. Mafaratlhatlha a bobedi a na le dipatela tsa kgaolo di le supa kwa magaeng a magolwane le ditoropo. Di na le malao a ka nna masome a supa le motso go tsena a le makgolo a mabedi, le masome a matlhano. Mafaratlhatlha a boraro a na le dipatela tse dingaak di romelang balwetsi kwa go tsone di le tharo tse di lebaganang le malwetsi a a faphegileng.<ref>Seitio-Kgokgwe, Onalenna; Gauld, Robin DC; Hill, Philip C; Barnett, Pauline (2014-09-13). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4181967 "Assessing performance of Botswana's public hospital system: the use of the World Health Organization Health System Performance Assessment Framework".] ''International Journal of Health Policy and Management''. '''3''' (4): 179–189. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2883_607.html 10.15171/ijhpm.2014.85.] [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:2322-5939 2322-5939]. [[:en:PubMed_Central#PMCID|PMC]]&nbsp;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4181967/ 4181967]. [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25279380/ 25279380.]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome, dipatela tsa Botswana di ne di na le malao a le 1.8 mo bathong ba le sekete.<ref name=":1" /> == Seemo sa botsogo == === Boleele jwa botshelo === Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi, boleele jwa botshelo go simolola ka nako ya pelegi kwa Botswana e ne e le dingwaga di le masome a marataro le bone mo go borre le masome a marataro le borobabobedi mo go bomme.<ref name=":4" /> Kgonagalo ya go tlhokafala o le ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le tlhano ke masome a mararo le borataro mo dipeleging di le sekete tsa bana ba ba tshedileng. Go ya ka UNICEF, dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa dipelegi tsa kwa dipateleng le palo e e kwa godimo ya dintsho tsa bana di supa tlhaelo ya tlhokomelo ya maemo a a kwa godimo ya bomma bana le masea fa ba tswa mo sepatela.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[https://data.unicef.org/country/bwa/ "Botswana (BWA) - Demographics, Health & Infant Mortality".] ''UNICEF DATA''. Retrieved 2026-07-09.</ref> Kgonagalo ya go tlhokafala o le dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano go tsena dingwaga di le masome a marataro e ne e le makgolo a mabedi, masome a robabongwe le bone mo go borre ba le sekete le makgolo a mabedi le borobabobedi mo go bomme ba le sekete.<ref name=":4" /> === Seelo sa pelegi === Seelo sa pelegi mo Botswana e ne e le dipelegi di le masome a mabedi mo bathong ba le sekete ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le masome a mabedi, se se dira gore e nne lefatshe la masome a supa le bobedi ka tsholo mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref name=":1" /> === Botsogo jwa bomme le masea === Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi, didikadike di le 0.5 (26%) ya Botswana, e ne e akanyediwa fa didikadike di le pedi tsa batho ba Botswana e le bomme ba dingwaga tsa pelegi; ka jalo seelo sa tsholo e ne e le 2.6 ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi.<ref>[https://www.unfpa.org/sowmy "State of the World's Midwifery 2014 | UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund"]. ''www.unfpa.org''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Seelo sa dintsho tsa bomme ka nako ya pelegi kwa Botswana e ne e le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano; se se tshwantshiwa le palo e o gabedi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe, fa seelo sa dintsho tsa bomme ka nako ya pelegi e neng e le makgolo a mabedi, masome a mane le boraro.<ref>[https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/sdg-target-3-1-maternal-mortality#B "Maternal mortality country profiles".] ''World Health Organization''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe go stena dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, go ne go na le phokotsego ya 47% ya dintsho tsa bomme ka nako ya pelegi, se ke palo e ekwa tlase ka 75% wa seelo se se neng se beilwe. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, Botswana o ne a le mo maemong a masome a matlhano le botlhano mo mafatshenga le lekgolo, masome a robabongwe le boraro mo lefatsheng ka bophara, ka seelo sa go tlhokafala ga bana; go ne go na le dintsho di ka nna masome a mane le bone mo baneng ba le sekete ba ba tshedileng ka nako ya pelegi (palo e, e lekana le bana ba le dikete pedi ba ba tlhokafalang ba le dingwaga di le kwa tlase ga botlhano).<ref name=":5" /> Le ntswa e le kwa godimo, se e ne e le tokafalo go tswa kwa ngwageng wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe - fa seelo sa dintsho tsa bana e ne e le masome a matlhano le bone. Dipalo tsa UNICEF tsa mo bosheng di supa fa seelo sa Botswana sa dintsho tsa bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga Botswana jaanong e le masome a mararo le borataro. Le ntswa seelo sa dintsho tsa bana mo Botswana se le kwa godimo, se kwa tlase ga mafatshe ka bontsi mo Aforika, se se raya gore go itekanela ga bana go kwa godimo mo Botswana go gaisa bonts jwa mafatshe mo Aforika. Botswana ke lefatshe le le nang le dipoelo tse di kwa godimo fa gare le na le palo e potlana ya batho. Palo ya dintsho tsa masea mo Botswana le yone e ile kwa tlase mo dingwageng di le lesome le botlhano; ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe seelo sa dintsho tsa masea e ne ele masome a mane le bobedi, palo e e fokotsegile go nna masome a mararo le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano. Kakanyetso ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le masome a mabedi ya CIA World Factbook e lemogile fa palo ya dintsho tsa pelegi mo Botswana e le 28.6 mo bathong ba le sekete. Masea a basimane a tlhokafala ka seelo sa 29.2 mo seketeng ba basetsana ba le 24.4 mo seketeng. Lefatshe la Botswana le mo maemong a masome a marataro le borataro mo lefatsheng ka bophara go ya ka CIA World Factbook.<ref name=":1" /> === Go thibela pelegi === Go ya UNFPA, 52.8% ya bomme ba ne ba dirisa dithibedi tsa pelegi tsa sesha ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro.<ref>[https://botswana.unfpa.org/en/news/botswana-introduces-contraceptive-implants "UNFPA Botswana | Botswana introduces contraceptive implants".] ''botswana.unfpa.org''. 5 September 2016. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Mathata a a tlwaelesegileng a botsogo == === Letshololo mo baneng ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano === Letshololo le tlhalosiwa e le go ntsha boloko jwa setho jo bo repileng gararo kgotsa go feta ka letsatsi (kgotsa go ya go itlhoma kgapetsa kgapetsa mo go sa tlwaelesegang).<ref>[https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease "Diarrhoeal disease".] ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 2026-07-09.</ref> Batho ba ba tshwaeditsweng ka letshololo ba tsholola gararo ka letsatsi kgotsa gangwe le gape go gaisa jaaka go tlwaelesegile mo bathong ba ba sa amegang.<ref name=":6">Wardlaw, Tessa; Salama, Peter; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Chopra, Mickey; Mason, Elizabeth (March 2010). "Diarrhoea: why children are still dying and what can be done". ''The Lancet''. '''375''' (9718): 870–872. doi:[https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673609617980 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61798-0]. ISSN[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0140-6736 &nbsp;0140-6736.] PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19833382/ 19833382]. S2CID&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29645246 29645246].</ref> Gompieno, letshololo e santse e le lengwe la mabaka a magolo a a bakang dintsho le malwetse mo lefatsheng ka bophara,<ref>Pr??ss-??st??n, Annette; Corval??n, Carlos (January 2007). [https://www.ovid.com/jnls/epidem/abstract/10.1097/01.ede.0000239647.26389.80~how-much-disease-burden-can-be-prevented-by-environmental?redirectionsource=fulltextview "How Much Disease Burden can be Prevented by Environmental Interventions?".] ''Epidemiology''. '''18''' (1): 167–178. doi:[https://www.ovid.com/jnls/epidem/abstract/10.1097/01.ede.0000239647.26389.80~how-much-disease-burden-can-be-prevented-by-environmental?redirectionsource=fulltextview 10.1097/01.ede.0000239647.26389.80]. ISSN&nbsp;1044-3983. PMID&nbsp;16971860. S2CID&nbsp;[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/022cae94d61ea2ca59c1014a11a49c1cae8abcf4 33669179.]</ref> fa godimo ga foo, le supiwa fa e le lebaka la bobedi la dintsho mo baneng ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano, morago ga pneumonia, se se dira gore le bake dintsho tse di fetang tse di bakiwang ke HIV, mmokwane le malaria di kopantswe mo setlhopheng sa dingwaga tse.<ref>Fischer Walker, Christa L.; Aryee, Martin J.; Boschi-Pinto, Cynthia; Black, Robert E. (2012-01-03). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3250411/ "Estimating Diarrhea Mortality among Young Children in Low and Middle Income Countries"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''7''' (1) e29151. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...729151F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029151. ISSN&nbsp;1932-6203. PMC&nbsp;3250411. PMID&nbsp;22235266.</ref> Lekgotla la [[World Health Organisation]] (WHO) le akanyeditse fa bana ba ka nna didikadike di robabongwe ba ba ka fa talse ga dingwaga steo ba tlhokafala ngwaga le ngwaga,<ref name=":6" /> mo go bone ba le didikadike di le nne e le ka ntlha ya letshololo, ba le didikadike di le pedi le dikete tse pedi e le malwetsi a a amanang le lesthololo, bontsi jwa bana ba bannye ba tswa mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang.<ref>Arvelo, Wences; Kim, Andrea; Creek, Tracy; Legwaila, Ketumetse; Puhr, Nancy; Johnston, Stephanie; Masunge, Japhter; Davis, Margarett; Mintz, Eric; Bowen, Anna (November 2010). [https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1201971210024574 "Case–control study to determine risk factors for diarrhea among children during a large outbreak in a country with a high prevalence of HIV infection".] ''International Journal of Infectious Diseases''. '''14''' (11): e1002–e1007. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2010.06.014. ISSN&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1201-9712 1201-9712]. PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20932791/ 20932791.]</ref> Tlhotlheletso ya letshololo mo lefatsheng lotlhe e masisi thata go kgabaganya Aforika, ka ntlha ya go nna kwa godimo ga HIV.<ref name=":7">Popoola, Tosin; Mchunu, Gugu (May 2015). "Application of PRECEDE-PROCEED model to tackle problems identified with diarrhoea burden among under-5s in Botswana". ''International Journal of Nursing Practice''. '''21''': 67–70. doi:[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijn.12328 10.1111/ijn.12328]. ISSN&nbsp;1322-7114. PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26125574/ 26125574.]</ref> Thibelo ya letshololo mo kgaolong e, ke kgwetlho mo botsogong ka metswedi ya yone e e mentsi, jaaka go amusa ga bomme ba ba nang le mogare wa HIV, go tlhoka go itshetlela ga phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, le go tlhoka go baakanya bophepa jwa setshaba, se se supa bolthokwa jwa go tlhaloganya mokgwa wa bolwetse le methale ya go rarabolola bothata jo. Dipatlisiso di supa fa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro go tsena dikete pedi le lesome le motso go ne go na le bana ba ba amilweng ke letshololo ba le dikete di le lekgolo, masome a supa le motso, makgolo a mabedi, masome a robabobedi mo Botswana, mme ga baka dintsho tsa bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano<ref name=":7" /> ba le sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mabedi. Maduo a, a magolo ka batho botlhe mo Botswana ba feta didkadike di le pedi fela,<ref name=":7" /> gape lefatshe leo le na le palo e e kwa godimo ya batho ba ba amilweng ke mogare wa HIV lefatshe ka bophara, ba akanyediwa go na 17% ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi.<ref>Alexander, KA; Blackburn, JK (2013-08-26). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3765974/ "Overcoming barriers in evaluating outbreaks of diarrheal disease in resource poor settings: assessment of recurrent outbreaks in Chobe District, Botswana"]. ''BMC Public Health''. '''13''' (1): 775. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-775. ISSN&nbsp;1471-2458. PMC&nbsp;3765974. PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23971427/ 23971427].</ref> Seemo se, se beile ba ba amegileng ka fa mosing wa go tsenwa ke malwetsi a a tshelanwang le letshololo. === HIV/AIDS === 20.3% ya bagolo ba Botswana ba ba dingwaga di lesome le botlhano go tsena dingwaga tse di masome a mane le borobabongwe ba na le mogare wa [[HIV/AIDS mo Botswana|HIV/AIDS]]. Se ke phokotsego mo 25% ya palo ya batho ba Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le boraro. Lefatshe la Botswana le mo maemong a bone a dipalo ste dintsi tsa HIV mo lefatsheng ka bophara, le sala morago la [[Aforika Borwa]], [[Lesotho]] le [[Eswatini]].<ref name=":2" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi, lefatshe la Botswana le ne le na le batho ba le dikete di robabobedi, makgolo a matlhano ba ba tsenweng ke bolwetsi mo bosheng, le dintsho di le dikete di le nne le makgolo a robabobedi tse di bakilwengke HIV/AIDS, e le kwelo tlase mo palong e e kwa godimo ya dikete di le lesome le borobabobedi tsa dintsho ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi.<ref name=":2" /> === Kalafi e e sa duelelweng ya di-antiretroviral === Lefatshe la Botswana e ne e le lone la ntlha go kgabaganya [[Aferika|Aforika]] go neela batho ba ba fitlhetsweng ka mogare wa HIV/AIDS kalafi ya mafala ya di antiretroviral.<ref name=":1" /> Ka jalo, ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi, 85% ya bagolo le 38% ya bana ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV/AIDS ba ne ba le mo kalafing e.<ref name=":2" /> === Go tlhoka tekatekano mo go bomme === Bomme ba tswa kgakala ba amiwa ke HIV/AIDS go fetisa borre kwa Botswana. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro, palo ya bomme ba ba amilweng ke HIV/AIDS e ne e le 26.3%. Borre ba dingwaga tseo ba ba amilweng ke HIV/AIDS ba ne ba le 17.6%.<ref name=":2" /> Go tlhakanela dikobo ba santse ba le bannye, go patelediwa go nyalwa le kgokgontsho ya bong, di dirile gore bomme mo Botswana ba aramele mosi wa HIV/AIDS. Puso ya Botswana e dirile maiteko a go rarabolola go tlhoka tekatekano mo ka go oketsa ditirelo tsa bomme ba ba botlana, go beeletsa mo itsholelong ya go nonotsha bomme le mananeo a go thibela HIV a basetsana.<ref name=":2" /> === Dikakanyetso tsa HIV/AIDS ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi === Motswedi:<ref>[https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/botswana "Botswana"]. ''www.unaids.org''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> * Bagolo le bana ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV: dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a supa * Bagolo ba ba dingwaga di lesome le botlhano go tsena dingwaga di le masome a mane le borobabongwe: 20.3 * Bagolo ba ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta ba ba tshelang ka HIV: dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano * Bomme ba ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV: dikete di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano * Bana ba ba kwa tlase ga ngwaga go tsena ba dingwaga tse di lesome le bone ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV: dikete di le lesome le bone * Dintsho tse di bakiwang ke AIDS: dikete di le nne, le makgolo a robabobedi * Masiela ka ntlha ya AIDS ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga bongwe go tsena dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa: dikete di le masome a marataro le botlhano === Malaria === Go na le borai jo bontsi jwa [[malaria]] kwa bokone jwa Botswana, dikgaolo di tshwana le makgadikgadi a Okavango, go tswa ka Ngwanatsele go tsena Seetebosigo. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le boraro go ne go na le batho ba le makgolo a mane, masome a matlhano le borataro ba ba begilweng fa ba tsenwe ke bolwetsi joo; go ne go na le dintsho di supa mo go ba ba tlhomamisitsweng le ba ba belaelwang ba tsenwe ke malaria.<ref>[https://www.who.int/data/gho/legacy?lang=en "GHO | By country | Botswana - statistics summary (2002 - present)". ''WHO''.] Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> === Tlhaelo ya dikotla === Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa, 11.2% ya bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano mo Botswana ba ne ba tlhaela dikotla, e le palo ee oketsegileng go tswa kwa go 10.1% wa ngwaga wa dikete pedi. Ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya dikotla, 31.4% ya bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga bolthano ga ba gole sentle.<ref name=":3" /> UNICEF e akanyetsa fa ngwana a le mongwe mo go ba le batlhano a amusiwa ka lebele mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse thataro, 46% fela ya bana ba neelwa dijo gape ba amuiswa lebele ba le dikgwedi di le thataro go tsena di robabongwe. Mabaka a, a na le seabe mo palong e e kwa godimo ya go tlhoka go gola sentle le palo e e kwa goidmo ya dintsho tsa bana mo Botswana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro, 18.9% ya palo ya batho mo Botswana ba ne ba le bakima mo go feteletseng, ka jalo lefatshe la nna mo maemong a lekgolo, lesome le bone a bokima mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref name=":1" /> === Kgotlholo e tona === Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe, palo ya dintsho tse di bakiwang ke kgotlholo e tona e ne e le masome a robabongwe le bosupa mo bathong ba lemdikete di le lekgolo. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, palo ya dintsho tse di bakilweng ke kgotlholo e tona e ne e fokotsegile ka 76% go nna dintsho di le masome mabedi le bobedi mo bathong ba le dikete di le lekgolo; se se raya gore lefatshe la Botswana le fitlheletse nngwe ya dielo tsa borataro tsa Millenium Development.<ref>WHO (2015)</ref> === Segajaja sa Coronavirus (COVID-19) === Lefatshe la Botswana le nnile le batho ba le bararo ba ntlha go tlhomamisiwa fa ba na le mogare wa COVID-19 ka Mopitlo a le masome a mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le masome a mabedi, le loso lo le lengwe ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi.<ref>[https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/botswana-registers-first-covid-19-cases-as-three-people-test-positive-45797335/ "Botswana registers first Covid-19 cases as three people test positive".] ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 2026-07-09.</ref> Fa le tsibogela go anama ga mogare wa COVID-19, lefatshe la Botswana le ne la tswala melelwane yotlhe ya lone, beng gae fela e ne e le bone ba letlelelwang go tswa le go tsena. Beng gae ba ba neng ba tswa kwa mafatsheng a a nang le borai jo bo kwa godimo ba ne ba tsenngwa mo serubing ke puso malatsi a le lesome le bone kwa mafelong a a tlhomamisitsweng ke puso.<ref>[http://www.botswana.se/News/COVID-19-PRESS-RELEASE "Republic of Botswana ♦ Embassy in Stockholm, Sweden ♦".] ''www.botswana.se''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Puso e ne ya dira seemo sa tshoganyetso go simolola ka Moranang a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi go fitlhelela ba utlwa gape.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200427221808/https://bw.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ "COVID-19 Information"]. ''U.S. Embassy in Botswana''. 2020-04-01. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> [[Mokgweetsi Masisi|Tautona Masisi]] o ne a bitsa seemo sa tshoganyetso sa dikgwedi tse thataro fa lefatshe le lebanwe ke go tlhagoga ga COVID-19. Ka Moranang a le malatsi a robabobedi ngwag wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi, matona a puso le mapalamente ba ne ba amega fa ba kopana le mmereki wa botsogo o o tsenweng ke mogare o wa COVID-19 fa a ba tlhatlhoela COVID-19. Ka jalo badira molao ba akaretsa tautona Masisi, ba ne ba tsena mo serubing.<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni (April 9, 2020). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-09/botswana-places-cabinet-parliament-in-quarantine-over-virus "Botswana Places Cabinet, Parliament in Quarantine Over Virus".] ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> Ka Motsheganong a robabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi puso e ne ya simolola go fokotsa dikiletso tsa metsamao.<ref>[https://www.africanews.com/2020/07/03/botswana-president-in-self-isolation-after-namibia-trip// "Botswana coronavirus: road transport resumes, regulations gazetted".] ''Africa News''. 2020-05-10. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Go tshwaya diphoso == Le ntswa lefatshe la Botswana le na le babereki ba bantsi ba botsogo mo kgaolong nngwe le nngwe, bontsi ba kwa ditoropong. Lefatshe gape le itemogela palo e e kwa godimo ya ditiro tsa botsogo mo dikgaolong tse dintsi tsa lone. Lefatshe la Botswana le reteletswe ke go tshegetsa babereki ba botsogo ba ba ithutetseng tiro kwa mafatsheng a sele, selo se, se nnile le seabe mo palong e e kwa dimo ya ditiro.<ref name=":8">Nkomazana, Oathokwa (2014-11-21). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4564932/ "Human resources for health in Botswana: The results of in-country database and reports analysis".] ''African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine''. '''6''' (1): E1-8. doi:10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.716. PMC&nbsp;4564932. PMID&nbsp;26245420.</ref><ref name=":9">Nkomazana, Oathokwa (2015-08-18). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4564932/ "Stakeholders' Perceptions on Shortage of Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare in Botswana: Focus Group Discussions"]. ''African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine''. '''6''' (1): E1-8. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035846N. doi:10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.716. PMC&nbsp;4564932. PMID&nbsp;26245420.</ref> Patlisiso ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone ya babereki mo Botswana, e supile fa lefatshe le tshwanetse go simolola go kgatlha le go tshegetsa bareki ba botsogo ba mafatshe a sele fa le tsweletse ka go rotloetsa mananeo a thuto mo gae.<ref name=":8" /> Go itsa go tlhoka tekatekano mo ditirelong tsa botsogo, puso e tshwanetse go phatlalatsa babereki ka tsela e e tlaa thibang diphatlha tsa tiro.<ref name=":9" /> Patlisiso ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro e lemogile fa go ne go na le kamano gareng ga mooki le ngaka, le palo ya dintsho le go latedisa molwetsi. Ba ne ba lemoga fa go oketsa dingaka go na babedi eseng e nngwe mo bathong ba le dikete di le lesome go ka fokotsa kgonagalo ya loso ka 27%. Tharabololo e ba e beileng pele ke go anamisa babereki ba botsogo le lefatshe ka tekatekano, mo go tlaa fokotsang kgonagalo ya dintsho, fa puso e rarabolola bothata jo e nang le bone mo go tshegetseng babereki ba ba tswang kwa ntle le go tokafatsa mananeo a thuto mo gae.<ref>Mansoor, Farahani (2016-08-04). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4974006/ "Impact of Health System Inputs on Health Outcome: A Multilevel Longitudinal Analysis of Botswana National Antiretroviral Program (2002-2013)"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''11''' (8) e0160206. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1160206F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160206. PMC&nbsp;4974006. PMID&nbsp;27490477.</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[HIV/AIDS mo Botswana]] * [[Dipatela mo Botswana]] * [[Segajaja sa Covid-19 mo Botswana|Segajaja sa COVID-19 mo Botswana]] * [[World Health Organisation|World Health Organization]] == Metswedi == pbgp4d9ihmrcpyywq1lihawb5pyuo1m 0 14347 55093 52903 2026-09-20T03:32:50Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55093 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Districts of Botswana (image map).svg|thumb|[[Dikgaolo tsa Botswana]]]] [[Setshwantsho:Princess Marina Hospital - Administration Building.jpg|thumb|[[Sepatela sa Princess Marina]]]] Tse ke '''dipatela tse di mo Botswana'''. Go na le mafelo a kalafi a le makgolo a marataro, masome a mabedi le bone mo [[Botswana]], a akaretsa dipatela tsa batho botlhe di le masome mabedi le borataro.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190422034044/https://www.who.int/malaria/areas/surveillance/public-sector-health-facilities-ss-africa/en/ "A spatial database of health facilities managed by the public health sector in sub-Saharan Africa".] ''World Health Organization''. 11 February 2019. Archived from [https://www.who.int/malaria/areas/surveillance/public-sector-health-facilities-ss-africa/en/ the original] on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref>Seitio-Kgokgwe, O.; Gauld, R. D.; Hill, P. C.; Barnett, P. (2014). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4181967/ "Assessing performance of Botswana's public hospital system: the use of the World Health Organization Health System Performance Assessment Framework".] ''International Journal of Health Policy and Management''. '''3''' (4): 179–189. doi:[https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2883_607.html 10.15171/ijhpm.2014.85]. [[:en:PubMed_Central#PMCID|PMC]]&nbsp;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4181967/ 4181967]. [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID&nbsp;]][https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25279380/ 25279380.]</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le ne le na le palo ya kakanyetso ya didkadike di le pedi, makgolo a mararo, masome a matlhano le bobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le masome a mabedi.<ref>[https://population.un.org/wpp/ "Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: Data Query Tool".] ''un.org''. Retrieved 09 July 2026.</ref> Mafaratlhatlha a ntlha a dipatela tsa batho botlhe ke tse di kwa magaeng tse di tlamelang batho ba sa fete dikete di le lesome. Sepatela sengwe le sengwe se na le malao a le masome mabedi go tsena a le masome a supa. Mafaratlhatlha a bobedi ke a dipatela tsa batho botlhe tse di mo dikgaolong di le supa, di kwa metseng e megolwane le ditoropo. Di na le malao a le fa gare ga masome a supa le motso le makgolo a mabedi, le masome a matlhano. Mafaratlhatlha a boraro a dipatela tsa batho botlhe ke dipatela tse dingaka di romelang balwetsi kwa go tsone tse tharo tse di lebaganang le malwetsi a a faphegileng.<ref>Seitio-Kgokgwe, Onalenna; Gauld, Robin DC; Hill, Philip C; Barnett, Pauline (13 September 2014). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4181967/ "Assessing performance of Botswana's public hospital system: the use of the World Health Organization Health System Performance Assessment Framework"]. ''International Journal of Health Policy and Management''. '''3''' (4): 179–189. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2014.85. ISSN&nbsp;2322-5939. PMC&nbsp;4181967. PMID&nbsp;25279380.</ref><ref>[https://www.moh.gov.bw/hospitals1.html "Hospitals".] ''Botswana Ministry of Health''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> == Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba == Dipatela le dikokelo tse di mo ditoropokgolo tse tharo kwa kgaolong e e kwa borwa-botlhaba di akaretsa: [[Gaborone]] * Avenue Medical Center<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20211203222406/https://bw.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/local-resources-of-u-s-citizens/doctors/ "Botswana Medical Facilities"]. ''US Embassy, Botswana''. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> * Capital Medica; Center<ref name=":1" /> * Gaoborone Children Care Clinic<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">Google Maps</ref> * Life Gaborone Private Hospital<ref name=":3">[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/botswana-list-of-medical-facilities/botswana-list-of-medical-facilities "Botswana, List of medical facilities".] ''UK Government''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> * Independence Surgery Molefi Close<ref name=":1" /> * Karong Clinics<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> * LenMed Health Bokamoso Private Hospital<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/hospital-records-first-case-triplets "LenMed Hospital"]. Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":4">[https://www.localbotswana.com/category/Hospitals "Best Hospitals in Botswana"]. ''Botswana Local''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":3" /> * Medical Center (Gaborone, Botswana)<ref name=":1" /> * The Medical Clinic<ref name=":1" /> * Middlestar Clinic<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> * [[Sepatela sa Princess Marina]]<ref name=":5">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181215171356/http://www.cohsasa.co.za/institution-type/public-hospitals "Hospitals in Botswana"]. ''COHSASA''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>Princess Marina Hospital improvements – [https://web.archive.org/web/20101229125740/http://www.velavke.co.za/projects.htm?action=view-item&id=860 VelaVKE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229125740/http://www.velavke.co.za/projects.htm?action=view-item&id=860|date=29 December 2010}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6">[https://www.moh.gov.bw/Publications/tollfree%20numbers.pdf "Toll free numbers for MOH hospitals"] (PDF). ''Botswana Ministry of Health''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":1" /> * [[Sepatela sa Sidilega]]<ref name=":3" /> * [[Sepatela sa Sir Ketumile Masire]]<ref>Gaonyadiwe G. Mokone; Maikutlo Kebaetse; et&nbsp;al. (August 2014). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4116079/ "Establishing A New Medical School: Botswana's Experience"]. ''Acad. Med''. '''89''' (8 0): 83–87. doi:[https://academic.oup.com/academicmedicine/article/89/Supplement_1/S83/8351162 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000329]. PMC&nbsp;4116079. PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25072587/ 25072587.]</ref><ref name=":3" /> [[Lobatse]] * [[Sepatela sa Athlone]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Sepatela sa bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana]] <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260713030801/https://www.electives.net/hospital/3481/preview "District Hospitals".] Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> * Supra Sight Hospital<ref name=":4" /> [[Ramotswa]] * [[Sepatela sa Bamalete Lutheran]]<ref name=":0" /> == Kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba == Dipatela tse di kwa kgaolong ya Bokone-Botlhaba di akaretsa: * Riverside Hospital, [[Francistown]]<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> * Francistown Academic Hospital<ref name=":3" /> * [[Sepatela sa Nyangabgwe]], Francistown<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * Gweta Primary Hospital, [[Gweta]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> * [[Sepatela sa Masunga|Sepatela sa Masunga,]] [[Masunga]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> * Tutume Primary Hospital, [[Tutume]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> == Kgaolo ya legare == Dipatela tse di latelang di mo kgaolong ya legare: * Bobonong Primary Hospital, [[Bobonong]]<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * Letlhakane Primary Hospital, [[Letlhakane]]<ref name=":6" /> * [[Sepatela sa Mahalapye]], [[Mahalapye]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * Mmadinare Primary Hospital, [[Mmadinare]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> * Orapa Hospital, [[Orapa]]<ref>[https://www.google.co.bw/maps/place/Orapa+Hospital/@-21.3320807,25.3656109,15z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x65c3d1659047f9b9!8m2!3d-21.3320807!4d25.3656109 "Orapa Hospital"]. ''Google Maps''.</ref> * [[Sepatela sa Palapye]], [[Palapye]]<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "Establishment of Mahalapye District Hospital".] ''Government of Botswana''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * Rakops Primary Hospital, [[Rakops]]<ref name=":6" /> * Sefhare Primary Hospital, [[Sefhare]]<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /> * [[Sepatela sa puso sa Selibe Phikwe]], [[Selebi-Phikwe|Selibe Phikwe]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * [[Sepatela sa Sekgoma]], [[Serowe]]<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111020194025/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "Establishment of Sekgoma Memorial Hospital".] Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> == Ngamiland (kgaolo ya Bokone-Bophirima) == Dipatela tse di kwa kgaolong ya Bokone-Bophirima (kwa go bidiwang Ngamiland gape) di akaretsa: * Doctors Inn, [[Maun]] * [[Sepatela sa Letsholathebe II]], Maun<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4" /><ref>[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "CMO Letsholathebe Hospital".] ''Botswana Ministry of Health''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> * [[Sepatela sa Maun]], Maun<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /> * Maun Private Hospital, Maun<ref name=":4" /> * Prime Health Medical Center<ref name=":3" /> * Gumare Primary Hospital, [[Gumare]]<ref name=":6" /> == Kgaolo ya borwa == Go na le dipatela di le tharo mo borwa: * [[Sepatela sa Good Hope]], [[Good Hope]] [[Botswana]]<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments112/ "Mmadinare Primary Hospital".] ''Botswana Ministry of Health''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * Debswana Jwaneng Mine Hospital, [[Toropo ya Jwaneng|Jwaneng]]<ref name=":3" /> * [[Kanye Seventh-day Adventist Hospital]], [[Kanye]]<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://bettingbotswana.com/ "No condoms to singles"]. ''The MidweekSun''. 3 December 2018. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Dikgaolo tsa Chobe le Ghanzi == Dipatela tse di latelang di mo kgaolong ya Chobe le Ghanzi. * Kasane Primary Hospital, [[Kgaolo ya Chobe]]<ref name=":6" /> * Gantsi Primary Hospital, [[kgaolo ya Ghanzi]]<ref name=":6" /> == Kgaolo ya Kgatleng == Go na le sepatela se le sengwe kwa kgaolong ya Kgatleng: * [[Sepatela sa Deborah Retief Memorial]], [[Mochudi]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> == Kgaolo ya Kgalagadi == Go na le dipatela di le pedi kwa kgaolong ya Kgalagadi: * [[Hukuntsi]] Primary Hospital<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /> * [[Tsabong]] Primary Hospital<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> == Kgaolo ya Kweneng == [[Setshwantsho:Scottish Livingstone Hospital 228.jpg|thumb|Sepatela sa Scottish Livingstone kwa [[Molepolole]]]] Go na le dipatela di le pedi kwa Kweneng: * [[Sepatela sa Scottish Livingstone]], [[Molepolole]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * Thamaga primary Hospital, [[Thamaga]]<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Dikgaolo tsa Botswana]] * [[Botsogo mo Botswana]] == Metswedi == 6guxybmc7k5p3096grknu0l9cis7rgb 0 14938 55092 54858 2026-09-20T02:29:36Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55092 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Castle of Good Hope''' (SeDutch: ''Kasteel de Goede Hoop''; [[Seburu]]: ''Kasteel die Goeie Hoop'')<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180528051834/https://www.iol.co.za/castle-of-good-hope-350/castle350-capes-bastion-of-history-2086709 "Archived copy"]. Archived from [https://www.iol.co.za/castle-of-good-hope-350/castle350-capes-bastion-of-history-2086709 the original] on 28 May 2018. Retrieved Lwetse a tlhola gararo, 2026.</ref> ke kago ya phemelo ya dikhutlo di le tlhano ya lekgolo la bolesome le bosupa la dingwaga kwa [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]], Aforika Borwa. E ne e le kwa tshimologong mo letshitshing la [[Table Bay]], morago ga [[go tsosolosiwa ga lefatshe]] mo kgaolong ya [[Foreshore]], jaanong kago ya phemelo e mo lefatsheng.<ref>[http://www.rendez-vous-batavia.nl/photogallery/south-africa/castle-of-good-hope.pdf Dirk Teeuwen (2007) ''Kasteel De Goede Hoop, Castle of Good Hope''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724163936/http://www.rendez-vous-batavia.nl/photogallery/south-africa/castle-of-good-hope.pdf|date=24 July 2011}}</ref>[^{[[Motswedi o o ikgatisitseng?|motswedi o o ikgatis]]}^{[[Motswedi o o ikgatisitseng?|editsweng?]]}]<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20010417233020/http://www.castleofgoodhope.co.za/ "Home"]. ''castleofgoodhope.co.za''.</ref> Kago e e dikologilwe ke mosele. Ka 1936, Kagoe ne ya itsisiwe e le sefikantswe sa ditso. Jaanong ke lefelo la boswa jwa kgaolo mme, morago ga go tsosolosiwa ka bo1980, le tsewa e le sekai se se bolokilweng sentle sa kago ya phemelo ya [[Dutch East India Company]].<ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190413070754/https://www.places.co.za/html/ct_castle.html "Castle of Good Hope"]. ''places.co.za''. Archived from [http://www.places.co.za/html/ct_castle.html the original] on 13 April 2019. Retrieved Lwetse a tlhola gararo, 2026.</ref> == Ditso == E agilwe ke Kompone ya Dutch East India magareng ga 1666 le 1679, Kago ya Segosi ke kago ya bogologolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di leng teng mo Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":0" /> E tsere sebaka sa kago ya phemelo ya bogologolo e e bidiwang [[Fort Goede Hoop|Fort de Goede Hoop]] e e neng e agilwe ka letsopa le dikota mme ya agiwa ke [[Jan van Riebeeck]] fa a goroga kwa [[Cape of Good Hope]] ka 1652.<ref name=":1">Peter Schirmer (1983) ''Cape Town, The Fairest Cape'', C.Struik (Pty) Ltd., Cape Town [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-86977-186-8|0-86977-186-8]].</bdi></ref> Dikago tse pedi tsa tshireletso, e leng Redoubt Kyckuit (Lookout) le [[Redoubt Duijnhoop]] (Duneheap) di ne tsa agiwa kwa molomong wa [[Salt River]] ka 1654. Boikaelelo jwa bonno jwa MaDutch kwa Kapa e ne e le go dira jaaka seteišene sa go tlaleletsa dikepe tse di fetang mo lebopong le le boferefere go dikologa Kapa mo maetong a maleele magareng ga Netherlands le [[Dutch East Indies]] (e jaanong e leng Indonesia). Ka 1664, go ne ga tsoga dikgotlhang fa gare ga [[Great Britain]] le Netherlands fa go ne go na le magatwe a ntwa. Ka one ngwaga oo, Molaodi [[Zacharias Wagenaer]], motlhatlhami wa ga Jan van Riebeeck, o ne a laelwa ke Mokhomišenara [[Isbrand Goske]] go aga kago ya phemelo e e nang le dikhutlo di le tlhano ka maje. Letlapa la ntlha le ne la bewa Firikgong a tlhola malatsi a le mabedi ka 1666. Kago ya phemelo e ne e agilwe ka bontlhabongwe ke tiro ya makgoba. VOC e ne e sa tlhomamise bogolo jwa ditlhopha tsa baagi ba selegae mme ka jalo e ne e tshaba botsuolodi fa ba ka ba dira makgoba; go na le moo ba ne ba tlisa batho ba ba ka nnang dikete tse masome a marataro ba ba neng ba le makgoba go tswa kwa Madagascar, Mozambique, kwa Dutch-Indies le kwa India.<ref>van Gelder, Elles (28 June 2023). [https://nos.nl/collectie/13940/artikel/2480642-nazaten-slaafgemaakten-in-zuid-afrika-willen-ook-nederlandse-erkenning "Nazaten slaafgemaakten in Zuid-Afrika willen ook Nederlandse erkenning"] (ka SeDutch). [[:en:Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting|Nederlandse Omroep Stichting]]. Retrieved Lwetse a le gararo, 2026.</ref> Tiro e ne e kgaosediwa gangwe le gape ka gonne Kompone ya Dutch East India e ne e oshaosha go dirisa madi mo porojekeng eo. Ka Moranang a le masome a mabedi le borataro ka 1679, dikago tse tlhano tsa phemelo di ne tsa tewa ka direto tse dikgolo tsa ga [[William III wa Orange-Nassau]]: [[Leerdam]] kwa bophirima, le [[Buuren]], [[Katzenellenbogen]], [[Nassau]], le [[Oranje]] ka fa letlhakoreng la tshupanako go tswa mo go yone.<ref name=":1" /> Maina a dikago tseno tsa phemelo a ntse a dirisiwa jaaka maina a mebila mo metsesetoropong mo dikgaolong tse di farologaneng, mme segolobogolo a Cape Town, jaaka [[Stelenberg, Bellville|Stelenberg,]] [[Stelenberg, Bellville|Bellville]]. [[Setshwantsho:Kasteel de Goede Hoop circa 1680.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Kago ya Castle of Good Hope ka 1680]] Ka 1682 kgoro e e neng e na le heke e ne ya tsaya maemo a kgoro e kgologolo, e e neng e lebile kwa lewatleng. Tora ya tshipi, e e neng e le kwa godimo ga kgoro e kgolo, e ne ya agiwa ka 1684—tshipi ya ntlhantlha, e e neng e le ya bogologolo go gaisa tsotlhe mo Aforika Borwa, e ne ya latlhelwa kwa [[Amsterdam]] ka 1697 ke modiri wa tshipi wa kwa [[East-Frisia]] e bong [[Claude Fremy]], mme e bokete jwa dikilogram di feta makgolo a mararoa. E ne e dirisiwa go itsise nako, mmogo le go tlhagisa baagi fa go ka nna le kotsi, ka e ne e utlwiwa dikilometara di le lesome go tswa foo. Gape e ne e lediwa go bitsa baagi le masole fa go tlhokega gore go dirwe dikitsiso tsa botlhokwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110911180927/http://www.cape-town.org/ShowSite.asp?SecId=1&MemId=142 "Welcome to the Castle of Good Hope"]. Archived from [http://www.cape-town.org/ShowSite.asp?SecId=1&MemId=142 the original] on 11 September 2011. Retrieved Lwetse a tlhola gararo ka 2026.</ref> Mokwadi wa Mofora [[François-Timoléon de Choisy]] e ne e le karolo ya lekoko le le neng la tlamela gape kwa kagong ya phemelo ka Seetebosigo 1685 fa ba le mo tseleng ya go ya kwa [[Siam]], mme a tlhalosa kago eno jaana:<blockquote>"Kago ya phemelo e kgatlha thata. Matlo a bonno a na le matlo a bontsi jwa one a khurumeditsweng ka bojang, mme a le phepa thata e bile a le masweu thata mo o itseng gore ke a Dutch. Go na le tshingwana e [[Kompone]] e e rulagantseng; nka rata gore e nne mo sekhutlong kwa [[Versailles]]. Go ya bokgakaleng jo leitlho le ka bo bonang go na le ditsela tsa ditlhare tsa dinamune le tsa disurunamune, ditshingwana tsa merogo, ditlhare tse di kgabisitsweng, le ditlhare tse dikhutshwe, tsotlhe di tlhakane le metswedi ya metsi a a phepa...".<ref>[[:en:Castle_of_Good_Hope#CITEREFde_Choisy1993|de Choisy 1993]], p.&#x20;80.</ref></blockquote>Ka nako ya fa a ne a le teng, de Choisy o ne a kopana le Mokhomišenara-Kakaretso wa Dutch le mopalami wa Mofora yo o bidiwang [[de Saint-Martin]], fa maloko a mangwe a lekoko a ne a tsoma "di-partridge, dikgama tsa tshephe le maphoi a dikhudu". Mokhomišenara-Kakaretso o ne a oketsa ka dikolobe tse dinnye tse di anywang le mofine go tswa kwa [[Ditlhaketlhakeng tsa Canary]] mo dijong tsa bone, e leng se se supang diruiwa tse ba neng ba na le tsone.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Castle_of_Good_Hope#CITEREFde_Choisy1993|de Choisy 1993]], p.&#x20;82.</ref> de Choisy o lemogile gore ka nako eo, dikepe tse di fetang masome a mabedi le botlhano tsa Dutch East India Company di ne di ema ngwaga le ngwaga kwa Kapa go tsaya dijo tsa dinku, mofine, maungo le merogo.<ref name=":2" /> Kago ya phemelo e ne e na le kereke, lebentlele la borotho, mafelo a a farologaneng a go bereka, mafelo a bonno, mabentlele le disele, gareng ga dikago tse dingwe. Pente e e serolwana e e neng e le mo maboteng e ne ya tlhophiwa kwa tshimologong ka gonne e ne e fokotsa ditlamorago tsa mogote le letsatsi. Lebota, le le agilweng go sireletsa baagi fa go ka tlhaselwa, le kgaoganya lolwapa lo lo ka fa gare, lo gape lo nang le Mathule a De Kat, a a neng a tlhamilwe ke [[Louis Michel Thibault]] ka ditshwantsho tse di takilweng le dibopiwa ke [[Anton Anreith]]. Ya ntlha e ne ya agiwa ka 1695, mme ya agiwa sesha ka sebopego sa yone sa ga jaana magareng ga 1786 le 1790. Go tswa mo mathuding, dikitsiso di ne tsa dirwa go masole, makgoba le ''burghers'' ba Kapa. Mathudi a isa kwa [[Polokelong ya William Fehr]] ya ditshwantsho tse di takilweng le fanitšhara ya bogologolo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100725115547/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/africa/eng/southafrica/capetown/castleofgoodhope.html "Colonial Voyage"]. Archived from [http://www.colonialvoyage.com/africa/eng/southafrica/capetown/castleofgoodhope.html the original] on 25 July 2010.</ref>^{[<nowiki/>[[Motswedi o o ikgatisitseng?|motswedi o o ikgatis]]}^{[[Motswedi o o ikgatisitseng?|editsweng?]]]} Polokelo e tsamaisiwa ke [[Metlobo ya ditso ya Iziko ya Aforika Borwa]].<ref>[https://www.iziko.org.za/governance/ "Governance"]. ''Iziko Museums''. 2 August 2024. Retrieved Lwetse a tlhola gararo, 2026.</ref> E ne e le legae la ga [[Lady Anne Barnard]] ka nakwana, yo nngwe ya diphaposi tsa ditiro tsa kago ya phemelo e bidiwang ka ene. Ka nako ya [[Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Maburu]] (1899–1902), karolo ya kago ya phemelo e ne e dirisiwa jaaka kgolegelo, mme disele tsa pele di sa ntse di le teng go fitlha gompieno. [[Fritz Joubert Duquesne]], yo moragonyana a neng a itsege e le monna yo o bolaileng ''[[Kitchener]]'' le moeteledipele wa [[Lekgotla la Ditlhodi la Duquesne|Lekgotla la]] [[Lekgotla la Ditlhodi la Duquesne|Batsayaditlholwa la Duquesne]], e ne e le mongwe wa baagi ba yone ba ba neng ba itsege thata. Mabota a ntlo ya phemelo a ne a le makima thata, mme bosigo le bosigo, Duquesne o ne a epa samente se se neng se dikologile maje ka kgaba ya tshipi. O ne a batla a falola bosigo bongwe, mme leje le legolo le ne la relela mme la mo tshwara mo mokoting wa gagwe. Mo mosong o o latelang, molebedi mongwe o ne a mo fitlhela a idibetse mme a tshela.<ref>[[:en:Frederick_Russell_Burnham|Burnham, Frederick Russell]] (1944). ''Taking Chances''. Los Angeles, California: Haynes Corp. p.&#x20;293. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/1-879356-32-5|1-879356-32-5]]</bdi>.</ref> Ka 1936, Kago ya Segosi e ne ya itsisiwe jaaka sefikantswe sa ditso (go tloga ka 1969 se itsege jaaka [[sefikantswe sa bosetšhaba]] mme go tloga ka Moranang a rogwa ka 2000 e le [[Lefelo la boswa jwa kgaolo|lefelo la boswa jwa]] [[Lefelo la boswa jwa kgaolo|kgaolo]]), lefelo la ntlha mo Aforika Borwa go sirelediwa jalo.<ref>Oberholster JJ, The Historical Monuments of South Africa, Cape Town: The Rembrandt van Rijn Foundation, 1972, page 2</ref> Ditsosoloso tse di tseneletseng di ne tsa wediwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980, mme tsa dira gore Kago ya Phemelo e nne sekai se se bolokilweng sentle sa kago ya phemelo ya Dutch East India Company.<ref name=":3" /> [[Setshwantsho:Castle of Good Hope key ceremony.jpg|thumb|Moletlo wa konokono wa Kago ya Castle of Good Hope]] Kago e e ne e dira jaaka ntlokgolo ya selegae ya [[Sesole sa Aforika Borwa]] kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]], mme gompieno e na le Motlobo wa ditso wa Sesole wa Castle le dikago tsa meletlo tsa [[Mephato ya setso ya Kapa]]. Kago ya Phemelo gape ke legae la [[Mophato wa Batlhabani ba Motsekapa]], e leng setlhopha sa masole a a tsamayang ka dinao a a dirisang metšhini. Castle Guard e ne ya tlhamiwa ka 1986. Kwa tshimologong e ne e le setlhopha sa banna ba le masome a mane le boferabobedi, mme bogolo jwa yone bo ne jwa farologana mo dingwageng tse di latelang. == Tiriso ya ga jaana == Jaanong kago ya phemelo e buletswe baeng.<ref>Castle of Good Hope, [https://web.archive.org/web/20260808163545/https://castleofgoodhope.co.za/index.php/visitors-info/visitors-info-3 Visitos Info], accessed on 8 August 2026</ref> Ka nako ya lesome mo mosong mongwe le mongwe wa beke Balebedi ba Kago ya Phemelo ba bulela baeng kago ya phemelo semmuso ka go dira "Moletlo wa Botlhokwa", e leng ngwao e e ikaegileng thata ka dithuto tsa mo mosong tsa dingwaga di ka nna makgolo a le mararo tse di fetileng.<ref>[https://tattoomemories.wordpress.com/roll-call-castle-ceremonial-guard/ Memories of the Cape Town Military Tattoo]</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000, [[Castle Control Board]] e ne ya dirisa malapa a kago ya phemelo, mabala, le mafelo a ditiro jaaka mafelo a ditiro tse di ikemetseng, ditiragalo tsa setso, le meletlo ya mmino, go dira lotseno lo lo oketsegileng lwa go tlhokomela le go somarela lefelo le la ditso.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260907102250/http://www.capetowncastle.co.za/venues/index.html "Venues"]. ''Castle of Good Hope''. Retrieved Lwetse a tlhola gararo ka 2026.</ref><ref>[https://novanews.co.za/peoplespost/cape-town-saw-an-influx-in-visitors-over-the-holiday-season-20240123/ "Cape Town saw an influx in visitors over the holiday season"]. ''People's Post''. Retrieved Lwetse a tlhola gararo ka 2026.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 2020, kago ya phemelo e ne ya tshegetsa ditiragalo di le mmalwa tsa mmino wa segompieno, segolobogolo mo teng ga mmino wa go bina wa eleketeroniki le ditshwantsho tsa mmino wa Aforika. Tseno di ne di akaretsa [[AfrofestSA]] (2023), moletlo o o neng o keteka mmino le setso sa Aforika;<ref>[https://www.quicket.co.za/events/216326-afrofestsa-music-lifestyle-festival/ "AfrofestSA Music & Lifestyle Festival"]. ''Quicket''. Retrieved Lwetse a tlhola gararo ka 2026.</ref> Moletlo wa Bodiragatsi wa Motsekapa (2023), o o neng o na le DJ wa Aforika Borwa Ready D mo gare ga badiragatsi ba one;<ref>[https://www.sahrc.org.za/index.php/sahrc-media/news/item/3833-festival-a-free-hive-of-creativity "Festival: A Free Hive of Creativity"]. ''South African Human Rights Commission''. Retrieved Lwetse a tlhola gararo ka 2026.</ref> le ''Yalla Valhalla'' (2024), moletlo wa mmino wa eleketeroniki o o neng o rulagantswe ke Israel DJ le motlhagisi wa mmino Dino Ben Tovim , e e neng e akaretsa DJ Dirty Doering wa kwa Jeremane e le modiragatsi yo o eteletseng pele.<ref>[https://festival101.co.za/dirty-doering-headlines-yalla-valhalla-2024-at-the-iconic-castle-of-good-hope/ "Dirty Doering Headlines Yalla Valhalla 2024 at the Iconic Castle of Good Hope"]. ''Festival101''. Retrieved Lwetse a tlhola gararo ka 2026.</ref><ref>[https://sifted.eu/articles/berlin-tech-scene-cape-town "Berlin's Tech Scene Finds a Home in Cape Town"]. ''Sifted''. Retrieved Lwetse a tlhola gararo ka 2026.</ref> == Motlobo wa ditso wa Boswa jwa Kapa == Motlobo wa ditso wa Boswa jwa Kapa, ​​o o mo teng ga Kago ya Castle of Good Hope ya ditso kwa Aforika Borwa, o tlhokometswe ke Rre Igshaan Higgins. Motlobo ono o neelana ka kanelo e e akaretsang ya ditso tsa Aforika Borwa, e e tlhagisang tirisano magareng ga merafe e e farologaneng jaaka Khoi, San, le Dutch, ka dinako tse di farologaneng go akaretsa bokolone le tlhaolele. E ikaelela go neelana ka kakanyo e e lekalekanang ka ga boswa jo bo farologaneng jwa setšhaba le nako e e fetileng e e raraaneng.<ref>[https://slaveheritagemuseum.org/ "Slave Heritage Museum | An unedited history of South Africa"]. Retrieved Lwetse a tlhola gararo ka 2026.</ref><ref>Explorer, Museum (20 February 2023). [https://museumexplorer.co.za/cape-heritage-museum/ "Cape Heritage Museum"]. ''Museum Explorer SA''. Retrieved Lwetse a tlhola gararo ka 2026.</ref> == Botshwantshetso == Pele ga go emisediwa ka 2003, popego e e tlhaolang ya ntlo ya phemelo ya dikhutlo di le tlhano e ne e dirisiwa mo difolageng tsa [[Sesole sa Aforika Borwa]], e ne ya bopa motheo wa matshwao mangwe a maemo a major le kwa godimo, mme e ne e dirisiwa mo difofaneng tsa [[Sesole sa Phefo sa Aforika Borwa|Sesole sa]] [[Sesole sa Phefo sa Aforika Borwa|Phefo sa Aforika Borwa]]. == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Mafelo a ditso a Aferika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a bojanala a Aforika Borwa]] ra2svqxnnis2gw22kfoffdyfco0bpik 0 14972 55119 54555 2026-09-20T09:58:16Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55119 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe''' (bo bidiwa /[[mɑːˈpuːnɡuːbweɪ]]/ [[mah-POON-goob-weh]]) e ne e le puso ya bogologolo<ref name=":0">Huffman, Thomas (2005). ''[https://archive.org/details/mapungubweancien0000huff/mode/2up?view=theater Mapungubwe: Ancient African civilisation on the Limpopo]''. Wits University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-86814-408-2|978-1-86814-408-2]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Wingfield, Chris; Giblin, John; King, Rachel, eds. (2020). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5lOTzgEACAAJ The Pasts and Presence of Art in South Africa: Technologies, Ontologies and Agents]''. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-913344-01-6|978-1-913344-01-6]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Chirikure, Shadreck; Delius, Peter; Esterhuysen, Amanda; Hall, Simon; Lekgoathi, Sekibakiba; Maulaudzi, Maanda; Neluvhalani, Vele; Ntsoane, Otsile; Pearce, David; Sadr, Karim; Smith, Jeanette (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State]''. Real African Publishers Pty. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-920655-06-8|978-1-920655-06-8]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Shabalala, Lombuso (2022). [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11 ''Perspective of Mapungubwe Descendants' Traditional Leaders Concerning Their Traditional Values and Cultural Heritage Preservation''. ''Cultural Sustainable Tourism'']. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. pp.&#x20;123–134. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11|10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-031-07818-7|978-3-031-07818-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Mathebula, Mantha (2017). [https://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/25943 "Some notes on the early history of the Tembe, 1280 AD-1800 AD"]. ''New Contree''. '''78''' (78): 16. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4102/nc.v78i0.102|10.4102/nc.v78i0.102]].</ref> e e neng e le kwa kgolaganong ya dinoka tsa [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe]] le [[Noka ya Limpopo|Limpopo]] mo Aforika Borwa ya gompieno, kwa borwa jwa [[Zimbabwe e Kgolo]]. Baagi ba motsemogolo e ne e le 5 000 ka 1250, mme go ka direga gore kgaolo e ne e akaretsa dikilometara di le dikete tse masome a mararo(12 000 sq mi).<ref>Huffman, page 376</ref><ref name=":0" />^{: 50}  Mo e ka nnang ka 1000 CE, batho bangwe ba [[Leopard's Kopje|Leopard’s Kopje]] ba ne ba fuduga go kgabaganya Limpopo go ya kwa [[Bambandyanalo]] kwa ba neng ba dira tiro ya [[temothuo]], ba fudusetsa metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo kwa mafulong a merafe e mengwe e e neng ya rotloetsa dikamano tsa loago le sepolotiki, fa gape ba ne ba dira [[kgwebo ya Lewatle la India]] go feta ka toropo tswa Swahili kwa Botlhaba jwa Aforika. Mo makgolong a dingwaga, khumo e e oketsegileng mo gare ga batho ba ba neng ba ntse ba oketsega e ne ya baka go sa lekalekane mo thulaganyo ya sebaka ya Bambandyanalo e neng e sa tshwanela. Mo e ka nnang ka 1220, mo gare ga paka ya komelelo, batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba Mapungubwe ba ne ba fuduga go ya go nna kwa godimo ga Thaba ya Mapungubwe, ba latelwa ke baagi ba ba neng ba nna mo lefatsheng le le dikologileng kwa tlase. Dithota gantsi di ne di dira jaaka [[mafelo a a dirang pula]], mme Thaba ya Mapungubwe e ne ya nna yone fela lefelo le le ntseng jalo; go nnqa ga moeteledipele mo go yone go ne go le botlhokwa thata mo go tlhabololeng [[bogosi jo bo boitshepo]]. Khumo e ntsi e ne ya kokoanngwa ka dikgetho, e e neng ya tlhofofadiwa ke kopano ya Limpopo-Shashe e le lefelo la kgwebo, mme lonaka lwa tlou le gauta di ne tsa romelwa kwa lotshitshing lwa botlhaba. Go latela ditiragalo tse di sa itsiweng le go sutisetsa ditsela tsa kgwebisano kwa bokone go dikologa 1300, baagi ba Mapungubwe ba ne ba fudugela kwa mafelong a mangwe. Mo motlheng wa gompieno gantsi di amanngwa le batho ba [[Bakalaka/Bakalanga|Kalanga]] ([[Shona]]) le [[Venda]]. Le fa baagi ba selegae ba ne ba na le kitso ka ga lefelo le le boitshepo, Mapungubwe e ne ya ribololwa sesha fela ke setšhaba sa maranyane le [[puso ya bokolone]] ka 1933. [[Polokelo ya Mapungubwe]] ya dilo tsa botaki tse di fitlhetsweng kwa lefelong la boepi jwa bogologolo e beilwe kwa [[Motlobo wa ditso wa Mapungubwe|Motlobong wa ditso wa Mapungubwe]] kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]]. Lefelo le le mo [[Mapungubwe National Park]] mo [[Aforika Borwa]], mo molelwaneng le [[Zimbabwe]] le [[Botswana]].<ref>[https://southafrica.co.za/mapungubwe-national-park.html "Mapungubwe National Park - World Heritage Site in South Africa"]. ''southafrica.co.za''. Retrieved Lwetse a le malatsi a supa, 2026.</ref> Le fa ka tlwaelo go tsewa gore e ne e le kgaolo ya ntlha mo Borwa jwa Aforika, dipatlisiso mo kgaolong e le nngwe kwa [[Mapela Hill]] di bontsha bosupi jwa bogosi jo bo boitshepo dingwaga di ka nna makgolo a mabedi pele ga foo.<ref>Chirikure, Shadreck; Manyanga, Munyaradzi; Pollard, A. Mark; Bandama, Foreman; Mahachi, Godfrey; Pikirayi, Innocent (31 October 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215987 "Zimbabwe Culture before Mapungubwe: New Evidence from Mapela Hill, South-Western Zimbabwe"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''9''' (10) e111224. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PLoSO...9k1224C 2014PLoSO...9k1224C]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111224. ISSN&#x20;1932-6203. PMC&#x20;4215987. PMID&#x20;25360782.</ref> == Thuto ya mafoko == Leina la yone la ntlha ga le itsiwe. Lefelo le ne le bidiwa ''Mapungubwe'' go latela ditumalano tsa go naya maina tsa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo,[[Mafelo gantsi a newa leina la polase e a fitlhelwang mo go yone, kgotsa leina le lengwe la selegae.|[b]]] mme seno se ne sa atolosediwa kwa bogosing.<ref name=":1">Chirikure, Shadreck; Delius, Peter; Esterhuysen, Amanda; Hall, Simon; Lekgoathi, Sekibakiba; Maulaudzi, Maanda; Neluvhalani, Vele; Ntsoane, Otsile; Pearce, David (1 October 2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ&dq=kingdom+of+mapungubwe&pg=PT6 Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State]''. Real African Publishers Pty Ltd. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-920655-06-8|978-1-920655-06-8]]</bdi>.</ref>^{: 14} ''Mapungubwe'' e kaya "lefelo la [[bophokoje]] (ba bantsi)". Mo dipuong tse di farologaneng tsa [[Bantu]], "-pungubwe" e raya bophokoje. "Phokoje" ke ''phunguwe'' ka [[seVenda]], fa ka [[Sesotho sa Leboa|Sesotho sa Bokone]] e le ''phukubje''.<ref name=":2">Tlou, Setumu (2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250622113957/http://policyresearch.limpopo.gov.za/handle/123456789/535 The Kingdom of Mapungubwe: The First Urban Centre and the Capital of the First State in Southern Africa] (Report). Limpopo Provincial Government.</ref> == Thuto ya lefatshe == Kgaolo e e dikologileng Mapungubwe, gaufi le [[Noka ya Limpopo]], gompieno e omile mme e itemogela pula e e kwa tlase. E akaretsa dithota tsa [[matlapa a motlhaba]], [[Sekaka sa Kalahari|motlhaba wa Kalahari]], le [[naga ya ditlhatshana]].<ref name=":1" />^{: 15} Go tloga ka 1000 CE go fitlha ka 1200 CE, lefelo leno le ne la bona pula e e kwa godimo, e e neng ya tlhofofatsa kgolo ya dimela tse di neng tsa tla le diphologolo jaaka [[Mathinthinyane|dikolobe tsa naga]],[[dikgokong]], le [[dinare]] (gammogo le [[Ntsi ya tsetse|tsetse fly]]). Morwalela go tswa kwa Limpopo o ne wa gasamisa dikotla go ralala lebala la morwalela, go akaretsa le kwa [[Mokgatšheng wa Mapungubwe]] o o neng o na le mebu e e simololang ka motlhaba go ya go letsopa, go kaya gore temothuo e ne e ka dirwa ngwaga otlhe.<ref name=":1" />^{: 19–20}  == Ditso == === Tshimologo === Kgaolo e e anameng e ne e agilwe ke [[Basarwa]] dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse lekgolo. Setšhaba sa ntlha sa San se tlogetse [[boswa jo bo humileng jwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo logageng]] go ralala Borwa ja Aforika<ref name=":3">Mlambo, A. S. (2014). ''[https://archive.org/details/historyofzimbabw0000mlam/mode/2up?view=theater A history of Zimbabwe]''. Internet Archive. New York, NY : Cambridge University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02170-9|978-1-107-02170-9]]</bdi>.</ref>^{: 11–2} Babui ba [[Se-Bantu]] ba ne ba nna mo [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe-Limpopo]] Basin ka paka e e fa gare ga 350 le 450 CE.<ref>King, Rachel (2011). [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1469605311417364 "Archaeological naissance at Mapungubwe"]. ''Journal of Social Archaeology''. '''11''' (3). Sage.</ref> Tshimologo ya Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe e kwa [[Leopard's Kopje]], e leng [[setso sa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo]] kwa Zimbabwe ya segompieno.<ref name=":2" /> ==== '''Schroda''' '''(900-1000)''' ==== Ka go tlhotlhelediwa ke kgwebisano ya [[dinaka tsa ditlou]], bangwe ba [[batho ba Zhizo]] ba ne ba fudugela kwa borwa mo e ka nnang ka 900 go nna kwa [[Schroda]], gaufi le [[Noka ya Limpopo]]. [[Basarwa]] ba ne ba lelekwa thata mo mafatsheng a bagologolwane ba bone.<ref name=":3" />^{: 11–2} Ba-Zhizo ba ne ba disa dikgomo mme ba dira temothuo. Ba ne ba gweba mme gongwe gape ba tsoma le Basarwa, ba ba neng ba nna mo mafelong a a farologaneng a bonno.<ref name=":1" />^{: 16} Schroda e ka tswa e ne e le motsemogolo wa Zhizo ka ntlha ya go nna le batho ba bantsi (ba ka nna makgolo a matlhano). Kgosi e ne e le yone e e humileng go gaisa, mme e ne e kokoanya dikgomo ka melato ya kgotlatshekelo, di-forfeit, dikgetho, diphuduso, le tlhwatlhwa e e kwa godimo ya go nyala mongwe wa barwadie. Ba-Zhizo ba ne ba dira dipitsa tse di raraaneng ka mefuta e e farologaneng, e ba neng ba bidiwa ka yone. Dipetlo tsa ditshwantsho di ne di dirisiwa jaaka dithulaganyo mo dithutong tsa sekolo. Ba ne ba gweba ka lonaka lwa tlou, gauta, matlalo a tshukudu, matlalo a lengau, le tshipi kwa ditoropong tse di fa lotshitshing lwa lewatle jaaka [[Chibuene]] go ananya ka dipheta tsa galase, matsela a letseta le a silika, le di-ceramic tse di nang le galase.<ref name=":0" />^{: 10–4}.  ==== K2 (1000-1220) ==== Mo e ka nnang ka 1000, batho bangwe ba [[Leopard's Kopje]] ba ne ba fudugela kwa borwa go ya go nna kwa [[Bambandyanalo]] (e e itsiweng jaaka K2, e e leng ka fa tlase ga Thaba ya Bambandyanalo), jaaka fa Ba[[Zhizo]] ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima go ya go nna kwa [[Toutswemogala|Toutswe]] mo Botswana wa segompieno. Bakanoki bangwe ba dumela gore dikamano tsa bone di ne di le tsa bobaba mme di tlhaolwa ke dintwa tsa sesole, le fa go ntse jalo ba bangwe ba gatelela gore di ne di raraane thata, mo loagong le mo sepolotiking.<ref>Calabrese, John A. (1 December 2000). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006796925891 "Interregional Interaction in Southern Africa: Zhizo and Leopard's Kopje Relations in Northern South Africa, Southwestern Zimbabwe, and Eastern Botswana, AD 1000 to 1200"]. ''African Archaeological Review''. '''17''' (4): 183–210. doi:10.1023/A:1006796925891. ISSN&#x20;1572-9842.</ref><ref>Kim, Nam C.; Kusimba, Chapurukha M.; Keeley, Lawrence H. (2015). "Coercion and Warfare in the Rise of State Societies in Southern Zambezia". ''The African Archaeological Review''. '''32''' (1): 1–34. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9183-x|10.1007/s10437-015-9183-x]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/43916844 43916844].</ref> Go goroga ga bone go ne ga tsamaisana le go simolola ga paka e e metsi, e e neng ya oketsa thata thobo ya temothuo.^{<ref name=":1" />: 19} Batho ba Leopard's Kopje ba ne ba bua mofuta wa pele wa [[Seshona]], gongwe e ne e le [[Sekalaka|Kalanga]] (Shona ya bophirima). K2 e ne e le motsemogolo, mme go ka diragala gore e ne e arogantswe ka dibaka tsa bonno ka fa tlase ga taolo ya tlhogo ya lelapa, kgosi e ne e na le lefatshe le legolo go fetisa. Basadi ba ne ba bereka [[kopore]], fa banna ba ne ba bereka [[tshipi]].<ref name=":0" />^{: 16–23}  Ba ne ba lema [[mabele]], [[Lebelebele|lebelebele la pearl]], [[Lebelebele|lebelebele la menwana]], dinawa le [[ditloo]]. Go dirisa lefatshe ka tsela e e nang le dipoelo tse dintsi, dikgomo di ne di ruelwa kgakala le motsemogolo mme di letlelelwa go fula mo lefatsheng la merafe e mengwe, go rotloetsa dikamano tsa loago le sepolotiki le merafe eo fa gape go letlelela metlhape e megolo.<ref name=":1" />^{: 20} Palo ya batho e ne ya atologa, mme K2 e ne ya nna le batho ba le sekete le sephatlogo ya ka sekete le makgolo a mabedi. Go bitsa pula go ne go atologile, mme kgosi ka dinako tse dingwe o ne a thapa batho ba ba sa ba itsiweng ba go neng go dumelwa fa ba na le kamano e e kgethegileng le mewa ya naga, jaaka [[Basarwa]], ka ntlha ya bonno jwa bona jo boleele. Fela jalo bangwe ba Zhizo ba ba neng ba sala kwa [[Leokwe]] (e e ka tswang e le ka fa tlase ga K2) ba ne ba dira dingwao tse di kgethegileng le bone ka ntlha ya go nna ga bone nako e telele.^{<ref name=":0" />: 26–9}. === Thota ya Mapungubwe (1220–1300) === [[Setshwantsho:ZimbabweStatesAndTrade.svg|thumb|Mmepe wa mafelo a kgwebo le ditsela mo Thabeng tsa Zimbabwe]] == Metswedi == cls95qoji7u8909rwxb9kudv1x8qmrq 0 14999 55095 54689 2026-09-20T05:38:06Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55095 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Bol''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe Firikgong a rogwa) ke mmabontle wa kwa [[South Sudan]]<ref>[https://www.vogue.com/article/grace-bol-spring-denim-guide "Grace Bol on the Best Denim for Tall Girls]". ''Vogue''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> o o itsegeng ka go gata mo ditshupong tsa kapari tsa Victoria's Secret ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa le wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://www.vogue.com/article/grace-bol-spring-denim-guide "Every Model Confirmed to Walk in the 2018 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show".] ''Harper's BAZAAR''. 2018-11-02. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> == Tsa pereko == Tiro ya gagwe ya mmabontle e simolotse a le dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe, fa a fudugela kwa New York morago ga go batliwa kwa toropong ya gagwe ya Kansas kwa Missouri.<ref>[https://trueafrica.co/article/grace-bol-the-south-sudanese-model-taking-the-industry-by-storm/ "Grace Bol: the South Sudanese model on all the catwalks | TRUE Africa".] ''TRUE Africa''. 2015-10-06. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Grace o ne a nna le kgatelo pele ya ntlha fa a simolola go bereka ka fa tlase ga lekgotla la bookamedi la Major Model,<ref name=":0">[https://nymag.com/fashion/models/gbol/gracebol/ "Grace Bol - Fashion Model - Profile on New York Magazine".] ''nymag.com''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> a bo a gata mo ditshupong tsa paka ya letlhafula tsa Givenchy, Maison Martin Marigela le Vivienne Westwood kwa Paris.<ref>[https://www.thecut.com/2011/06/meet_the_new_girl_grace_bol.html "Meet the New Girl: Grace Bol Gets Mistaken for Alek Wek 'All the Time'".] ''The Cut''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> O ne gape a emetse go tsewa dinepe tsa letsholo la ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso la Givenchy.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241216042508/https://www.vogue.it/en/vogue-black/the-black-blog/2012/08/grace-bol#ad-image215001 "Grace Bol - Vogue.it"] (in Italian). Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano, Grace o ne a tsena mo pakeng ya kgatelopele fa a tlhagelela mo ditshupong tsa Rick Owens, Proenza Schouler, Balenciaga, gape a bula ditshupo tsa Hermes. O tlhageletse mo dikuranteng tsa Flaunt, Vogue ya kwa Germany, Marie Claire kwa USA, Harper's Bazaar kwa UK, kuranta ya W, le mo pating ya I-D.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa, o ne a gatela ditshupo tsa Victoria's Secret kwa Shanghai<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/victorias-secret-fashion-show-new-models-2017-11#at-19-bol-was-discovered-at-a-shopping-mall-in-kansas-city-missouri-according-to-dazed-now-27-she-will-walk-in-the-victorias-secret-fashion-show-for-the-first-time-9 "Meet the 17 new models walking in the 2017 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show"]. ''INSIDER''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref>, a tlhagelela gape mo letsholong la Balmain.<ref>Dazed (2017-04-20). [https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/35629/1/alek-wek-and-grace-bol-viviane-sassen "Alex Wek and Grace Bol are fighting for peace in South Sudan"]. ''Dazed''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi, o ne a gata gape mo ditshupong tsa Victoria's secret tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>Wasilak, Sarah. [https://www.popsugar.com/fashion/victoria-secret-fashion-show-models-2018-45245504 "Your Full List of Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Models For 2018 — and Their Adorable Reactions"]. ''POPSUGAR Fashion''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 67pj37qjitzo1s825pbt2w7q2fwk6as 0 15057 55091 54972 2026-09-20T02:01:50Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55091 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Byllye Yvonne Avery''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le {{Infobox scientist|name=Byllye Avery|image_size=150px|birth_date={{birth date and age|1937|10|20}}|birth_place=[[Waynesville, Georgia]], U.S.|education=[[University of Florida]]<br />[[Talladega College]]|known_for=National Black Women's Health Project}} masome a mararo le bosupa ) ke molweladitshwanelo wa tlhokomelo ya botsogo wa Amerika. Motshegetsi wa tshiamiso ya tsalo, Avery o dirile go tlhama ditirelo tsa tlhokomelo ya botsogo le thuto e e amang boitekanelo jwa tlhaloganyo le jwa mmele jwa basadi ba bantsho . <ref name="Oxford">{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Kimala |title=Avery, Byllye |url=http://www.oxfordaasc.com/article/opr/t0001/e1263 |access-date=February 18, 2017 |website=Oxford African American Studies Center |publisher=Oxford}}</ref> O itsege thata jaaka mothei wa [[:en:National_Black_Women's_Health_Project|National Black Women's Health Project]] e e leng mokgatlho wa ntlha wa bosechaba go dira tiro e e kgethegileng mo mererong ya boitekanelo jwa tsalo ya basadi ba Bantsho. Ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe le NBWHP, o amogetse tshono ya thuto ya [[:en:MacArthur_Foundation|MacArthur Foundation]] ya go Tsenya Seabe mo Loagong le Tlotla ya Gustav O. Lienhard ya go Tsweletsa Pele Tlhokomelo ya botsogo go tswa kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Institute_of_Medicine|Institute of Medicine]] sa [[:en:National_Academy_of_Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] gareng ga ditlotla tse dingwe . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Byllye Y. Avery |url=http://www.blackwomenshealth.org/staff-and-board-members/board-member/byllye-nbsp-y.-nbsp-avery-nbsp/_back_Staff.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626180907/https://blackwomenshealth.org/staff-and-board-members/board-member/byllye-nbsp-y.-nbsp-avery-nbsp/_back_Staff.html |archive-date=June 26, 2022 |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=Black Women's Health Imperative |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Lelapa le thuto == Avery o tsholetswe kwa [[Waynesville]] kwa [[Georgia]] mme a golela mo polaseng kwa [[DeLand]] kwa [[Florida]] . Ke morwadia L. Alyce M. Ingram, yo e leng morutabana. <ref name="Oxford" /> Mmaagwe o alogile kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Bethune–Cookman_University|Bethune-Cookman College]]. Rraagwe, e bong Quitman Reddick, o ne a na le lebenkele lo lefelong leo. O ne a bolawa fa Avery a le dingwaga di le lesome le bone. Avery e ne e le ene yo motona mo baneng ba le bararo, mme o ne a rwala maikarabelo a mantsi go tloga fela fa a sa ntse a le monnye. Avery o tsene kwa sekolong sa Talladega College mme a bona dithuto tsa gagwe ya BA mo [[thutong ya tlhaloganyo]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe. <ref name="Oxford" /> O kopane le monna wa gagwe, Wesley Avery, fa a ne a le kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Talladega_College|Talladega College]] mme ba tsena mo nyalong ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro. <ref name="Oxford" /> Byllye le Wesley Avery ba ne ba na le bana ba babedi Wesley le Sonia ba tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bongwe (1961)le ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro ( 1966), ba farologane ka dingwaga di le tlhano. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Byllye Avery |url=https://wams.nyhistory.org/life-story/byllye-avery/ |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Women & the American Story |language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bosupa (1967), Avery o ne a amogela thuso ya go dira dithutego tsa Masters mo thutong e e kgethegileng kwa [[Sekolong se setona sa Florida]], kwa [[Gainesville]] . Fa a sena go bona dithuto tsa M.Ed. ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabongwe (1969) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Byllye Avery - MacArthur Foundation |url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/357/ |access-date=February 16, 2019 |website=www.macfound.org}}</ref> o ne a nna morutabana wa thuto e e kgethegileng. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970)dikgwedi di le mmalwa fela morago ga go simolola tiro ya gagwe e ntšha, monna wa gagwe o ne a tlhaselwa ke bolwetse jwa pelo jo bo neng bo bolaya. O ne a na le dingwaga di le masome a mararo le boraro fela mme go ne ga lemogiwa morago ga loso lwa gagwe gore o ne a na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo thata ya madi. Ka nako eo le ene o ne a itsholofetse ngwana wa bone wa boraro. Loso lwa monna wa gagwe le thusitse go tlhotlheletsa maitlamo a ga Avery a go tokafatsa tlhokomelo ya botsogo le thuto ya boitekanelo mo sechabeng sa batho Bantsho. <ref name="Nebbe">{{Cite web |last=Nebbe |first=Charity |title=Byllye Avery: Advocate for African-American Women's Health |url=https://www.iowapublicradio.org/post/byllye-avery-advocate-african-american-womens-health |access-date=February 16, 2019 |website=www.iowapublicradio.org |language=en |archive-date=February 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217030322/https://www.iowapublicradio.org/post/byllye-avery-advocate-african-american-womens-health |url-status=dead }}</ref> Avery o ne a kopana le mosadi wa gagwe e bong Ngina Lythcott ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989), mme bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba nyalana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005). Lythcott ke ngaka ya boitekanelo jwa sechaba ebile ke molweladitshwanelo. == Bolweladitshwanelo == Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970) Avery o ne a simolola go tsaya karolo mo ditlhopheng tse di neng di rotloetsa batho gore ba nne le kitso le mo ditirelong tsa go romela batho go senya mpa ka fa molaong. Go tsibogela go tlhoka phitlhelelo ya go senya mpa le matlhoki a mangwe a botsogo jwa bomme mo basadi ba Bantsho ba ba amogelang lotseno lo lo kwa tlase ba neng ba lebane le tsone mo tikologong ya gaabo, Avery le badirekaene e bong Joan Edelson, Judy Levy, le Margaret Parrish ba ne ba bula mokgatho kana lekalana la Boitekanelo jwa Basadi o bidiwang Women's Health Centre Gainesville (GWHC) ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone (1974). <ref name="Nebbe" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Kimala |title=Byllye Avery |url=http://www.oxfordaasc.com/article/opr/t0001/e1263 |access-date=March 8, 2018 |website=Oxford African American Studies Center |publisher=Oxford}}</ref> E ne e le kokelwana ya ntlha ya go senya mpa le go tlhokomela basadi mo toropong. <ref name="Oxford" /> Ba ne ba bula dikago tseno morago ga gore boikuelo jwa go bula kokelwana ya Botsadi jo bo Rulagantsweng kwa Gainesville bo ganwe. <ref name="Oxford" /> Polelo ya thomo ya GWHC e ne e le go "thusa basadi go rarabolola seemo se se tlhagisang mathata sa boimana jo bo sa rulaganngwang, jo bo sa batlegeng", ka ditshenyegelo tse di kwa tlase. Kokelwana e ne e tlamela ka ditirelo tsa go senya mpa le tsa thibelopelegi, e tlhofofatsa dithuto tsa thobalano, le go tlamela ka katiso e nngwe ya basadi e e amanang le boitekanelo le ditirelo tse di diretsweng basadi ba batho Bantsho, jaaka go dira ditlhatlhobo tsa sickle cell anemia. Go thusa go ruta basadi ka ditirelo tse di gaisang tsa botsogo, badiri ba ne ba tlhama bukana ya kgwedi le kgwedi e e bidiwang ''Sage-Femme'' . Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi (1978), Avery o ne a thusa go tlhoma lefelo la pelegi le e neng e le lefelo le lengwe la go belegela bana kwa Gainesville. Baoki-ba ba belegisang kgotsa babelegisi ba ba nang le setlankana ba ne ba thusa basadi ka pelegi mme Avery ka sebele o ne a thusa ka pelegi ya balwetse ba le lekgolo pele a tsamaya. 1] Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe (1981), fa a ne a direla mo lekgotleng la botsamaise la [[:en:National_Women's_Health_Network|National Women's Health Network,]] Avery o ne a simolola tiro e e neng ya tsaya dingwaga di le pedi e e bidiwang Tiro ya Botsogo jwa Basadi ba batho Bantsho. Jaaka karolo ya tiro eno, Avery o ne a rulaganya bokopano jwa Dikgang tsa botsogo jwa Basadi ba batho Bantsho jo bo neng bo tshwarelwa kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Spelman_College|Spelman College]] ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro (1983). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Our Story |url=http://www.blackwomenshealth.org/about-us/our-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326135958/http://www.blackwomenshealth.org/about-us/our-story.html |archive-date=March 26, 2017 |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=}}</ref> Basadi ba le dikete di le pedi ba ne ba nna teng kwa tiragalong eno ya malatsi a le mararo. Ditlhogo di ne di akaretsa kgokgontsho ya mo lwapeng, bolwetse jwa sukiri, tirisobotlhaswa ya thobalano, mmele o motona , thobalano, pelegi, botsogo jwa tlhaloganyo mmogo le botsogo jo bo faphegileng. Bokopano jo bo ne bo rotloetsa ba ba neng ba le teng go tlhokomela botsogo jwa bone ka go tsibosa batho, go rulaganya sechaba ka ga mathata a botsogo le go itlhatlhoba. <ref name="Oxford" /> Morago ga bokopano jo, Avery o ne a tlhoma kgotsa a simolodisa tiro ya Bosechaba ya Boitekanelo jwa Basadi ba batho Bantsho, e jaanong e bidiwang [[:en:Black_Women's_Health_Imperative|Black Women's Health Imperative,]] semmuso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone ( 1984) kwa Atlanta, Georgia. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sillman |first=Jael |date=2004 |title=Undivided Rights: Women of Color Organize for Reproductive Justice |url=https://archive.org/details/undividedrightsw00jael |last2=Fried |first2=Marlene, Gerber |last3=Ross |first3=Loretta |last4=Gutierrez |first4=Elena R. |publisher=South End Press |isbn=978-0-89608-729-3 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ke one fela mokgatlho wa bosechaba o o ineetseng fela go tokafatsa botsogo le magareng ga basading ba batho Bantsho. NBWHP e ne ya bula ofisi ya bobueledi le ya melawana kwa Washington, DC, ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1991). Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1991), NBWHP e ne e na le dikgaolo mo mafatsheng a le masome a mabedi le botlhano mme e ne e atolotse phitlhelelo ya yone go dira le basadi kwa Belize, Jamaica, Aforika Borwa, Nigeria, le Brazil. <ref name="Oxford" /> Fa Avery a gakologelwa maikutlo a a sa siamang a a neng a a rutiwa ka tlhakanelodikobo fa a sa ntse a le ngwana, o ne a ruta bomorwadie go keteka mebele ya bone le go bona setswalo. Fa morwadie wa ntlha a nna le dingwaga di le lesome le bongwe, Avery o ne a mo naya kuku e e neng e balega jaana "Letsatsi le le itumedisang la matsalo le setswalo!" <ref>{{Cite book |last=Love |first=Barbara J. |date=September 22, 2006 |title=Feminists Who Changed America, 1963-1975 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HRouCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-09747-8 |language=en}}</ref> Ka bonako morago ga moo, o ne a ruta ka go bona setswalo le go tshola bana kwa sekolong se sebotlana se morwadie a neng a se tlhabolola go nna motshameko o o bidiwang ''go nna Mosadi: Dipusano tsa Bomme le Basetsana'' Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa(1987), motshameko wa nltha o o gatisitsweng o o neng o dirilweng ke basadi ba Maaforika kwa Amerika ba ba abelana dipono tsa bone ka ga go [[Setswalo|bona Setswalo,]] tlhakanelodikobo le lorato <ref>{{Cite book |title=On becoming a woman: mothers & daughters talking together |oclc=30694664}}</ref> <ref name="Oxford" /> Mmogo le baeteledipele ba ba tlhageletseng ba Maaforika kwa Amerika jaaka [[Shirley Chisholm]], [[Maxine Waters]], [[Dorothy Height]], le [[Faye Wattleton]], ba ne ba ntsha le go baa monwana polelo ya phatlalatsa, " Re Gakologelwa: Basadi ba Maaforika kwa Amerika ba Kgololesego ya Tsalo ", ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe <ref>{{Cite web |title=We Remember: African American Women for Reproductive Freedom |url=https://100years.plannedparenthood.org/content/images/era-4/WeRememberBrocure.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326053938/https://100years.plannedparenthood.org/content/images/era-4/WeRememberBrocure.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref> Polelo eno e tshegetsa kgololesego ya go tshola bana (go akaretsa le tshwanelo ya go nna le bana, tshwanelo ya go bona ditirelo tsa thibelo- pelegi le tshedimosetso ya botsogo jwa tsalo, le tshwanelo ya tlhokomelo ya botsogo mmogo le go senya mpa ka tsela e e babalesegileng le e e kafa molaong). Polelo eno e ne ya amanya tlhaolele, lehuma le dikubetsano le mathata a botsogo jwa tsalo mo basading ba Baafrika ba kwa Amerika. Polelo eno e ne ya gatisiwa gape gangwe le gape mme kgabagare ya anamisiwa mo meriting ya dipampiri e le 250 000. Polelo e santse e ka fitlhelwa mo dibukeng tse dintsi tse di buang ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi le go nna balweladitshwanelo. <ref name="Oxford" /> Avery o ne a newa thuso ya Fellowship ya MacArthur mo go one ngwaga ono mo lephateng la melawana ya botsogo. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990) Avery, mmogo le basadi le banna ba bangwe ba le lesome le botlhano ba Maaforika kwa Amerika, ba ne ba tlhama mokgatlho o bidiwang [[:en:African-American_Women_for_Reproductive_Freedom|African-American Women for Reproductive Freedom]] . Mokgatlho o tlhamilwe go fedisa kgobo kgatlhanong le go senya mpa mo setšhabeng sa batho Bantsho le go dira gore go senya mpa go fitlhelesege thata mo basading ba batho Bantsho. <ref name="Cullen-DuPont2000">{{Cite book |last=Kathryn Cullen-DuPont |date=March 2018 |title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIro7MtiFuYC |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-0-8160-4100-8 |page=6 |access-date=March 2, 2018}}</ref> Avery o kwadile le go ruta thata ka tsela e lotso, maemo le bong di amang tlhokomelo ya botsogo jwa basadi ka teng. O ne a bitsa dipharologano tsa boitekanelo magareng ga basadi ba Afrika kwa Amerika le basweu a re ke "phitlhelelo ya tidimalo". <ref>{{Cite book |last=While |first=Evelyn C. |year=1994 |title=The Black women's health book: speaking for ourselves |publisher=Seal |isbn=1878067400 |location=Seattle, WA |pages=6}}</ref> O ntse a le moithuti yo o etelang kwa Harvard University School of Public Health; o ne a direla mo Charter Advisory Committee for the Office of Research on Women's Health of the [[:en:National_Institutes_of_Health|National Institutes of Health;]] o ntse a le mogakolodi wa dikgang tsa botsogo wa Kellogg Foundation's International Leadership Program; mme o ne a direla jaaka mogakolodi wa tlhokomelo ya botsogo jwa basadi kwa Latin America, Caribbean le Afrika. 1]. == Dietsele le Dikakgolo == * 1989: [[:en:MacArthur_Foundation|MacArthur Foundation's]] Fellowship for Social Contribution * 1989: Essence Award for Community Service <ref name=":1" /> * 1994: Academy of Science Institute of Medicine's Gustav O. Lienhard Award for the Advancement of Health Care <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection: Byllye Avery papers {{!}} Smith College Finding Aids |url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/984 |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=findingaids.smith.edu}}</ref> * 1994: Grassroots Realist Award by the Georgia Legislative Black Caucus<ref name=":1" /> * 1995: Dorothy I. Height Lifetime Achievement Award <ref>{{Cite web |title=Billye Avery, the first person, after Dr. Height, to receive the Dorothy I. Height Lifetime Achievement Award featured on PBS Special |url=http://stylemagazine.com/news/2013/feb/21/billye-avery-first-person-after-dr-height-receive-/ |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=stylemagazine.com |archive-date=July 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703090802/http://stylemagazine.com/news/2013/feb/21/billye-avery-first-person-after-dr-height-receive-/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 1995: President's Citation of the [[:en:American_Public_Health_Association|American Public Health Association]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=APHA Presidential Citation |url=https://www.apha.org/about-apha/apha-awards/presidential-citation/apha-presidential-citation |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=www.apha.org}}</ref> * 1998: : Business and Professional Women's New Horizons Award <ref name=":1" /> * 2008: Ruth Bader Ginsburg Impact Award from the Chicago Foundation for Women <ref name=":1" /> * 2010: [[:en:Audre_Lorde|Audre Lorde]] Spirit of Fire Award from the Fenway Health Center <ref name=":1" /> == Dibuka tse di tlhophilweng == * * Avery, Byllye Y. "Breathing life into ourselves." ''Feminism and Community'' (1995): 147. * Avery, B. (1999). ''[[iarchive:altarofwordswisd00aver|An Altar of Words: Wisdom, Comfort and Inspiration]]''. New York: Broadway. ISBN * Avery, Byllye. "Who does the work of public health?." ''American journal of public health'' 92.4 (2002): 570–575. * "Byllye Avery." ''The New York Historical'', 2026. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 67vpbigqvfwdtozqx31s3fut39v1woq 0 15097 55117 55006 2026-09-20T09:28:45Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55117 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lovie Simone on Dulce Osuna.jpg|thumb]] '''Lovie Simone Taylor''' (o tshotswe ka Ngwanatsele 29, 1998)<ref>Hanson-Firestone, Dana (September 23, 2019). [https://www.tvovermind.com/lovie-simone/ "10 Things You Didn't Know about Lovie Simone"]. TVOvermind.</ref> <ref>Kwateng-Clark, Danielle (September 27, 2019). [https://www.teenvogue.com/story/lovie-simone-up-next "Lovie Simone on the Psychology of Her "Greenleaf" Character and Wanting Complex Storylines"]. Teen Vogue. Retrieved July 4, 2020.</ref>ke motshameki wa mo Amerika, o itsege thata ka seabe sa gagwe jaaka Zora Greenleaf mo motseletseleng wa terama [[Greenleaf]] (2016-2020), le Keisha Clark mo motseletseleng o o tumileng wa terama ya [[Netflix]] [[Forever]] (2025). == Botshelo le thuto == Simone o tsholetswe le go golela kwa [[New York City]] kwa [[Bronx]]. O ne a ya kwa [[Frederick Douglass Academy]] pele a fudugela kwa [[Orange County]], kwa [[New York]]. O ne a tsena Sekolo se Segolo sa Monroe-Woodbury go fitlha a aloga ka 2016. Mmaagwe ke moAfrika-Amerika mme rraagwe ke moGhana. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201201120150/https://vmagazine.com/article/v-girls-lovie-simone-2/ "V Girl: Lovie Simone | V Magazine"]. vmagazine.com. Retrieved 2020-05-25.</ref>O na le kgaitsadie wa mawelana yo o bidiwang Yori, yo e leng moopedi yo o bidiwang Reiyo, The Giant<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1_bq2bVgjpKP9Ew8vDGwzg?app=desktop "Reiyo The Giant - Topic - YouTube"]. www.youtube.com. Retrieved 2022-09-29.</ref> le monnawe yo mmotlana le kgaitsadie.<ref>Kwateng-Clark, Danielle (September 27, 2019). [https://www.teenvogue.com/story/lovie-simone-up-next "Lovie Simone on the Psychology of Her "Greenleaf" Character and Wanting Complex Storylines"]. Teen Vogue.</ref> O ne a ithuta kwa sekolong sa go tshameka kwa New York mme moragonyana a tlhagelela mo papatsong ya bosetšhaba ya [[JC Penney]]. == Tiro == Go simolola ka 2016, Simone o ne a tshameka mo [[Oprah Winfrey Network]] drama series, [[Greenleaf]] a tshameka karolo ya Zora Greenleaf, morwadia Kerissa ([[Kim Hawthorne]]) le Jacob Greenleaf ([[Lamman Rucker]]). Simone o ne a tlhophiwa go nna motshameki yo o tlang gangwe le gape, mme o ne a tlhatlosediwa maemo go nna motshameki yo o tlang gangwe le gape mo setlheng sa bobedi.<ref>Pedersen, Erik (October 27, 2016). [https://deadline.com/2016/10/greenleaf-gregalan-williams-lovie-simone-series-regulars-own-1201844156/ "'Greenleaf': GregAlan Williams & Lovie Simone Upped To Regulars On OWN Drama"]. Deadline Hollywood.</ref> Moragonyana Simone o ne a simolola go tshameka mo filiming ya gagwe a na le [[Jennifer Hudson]] le [[Kelvin Harrison Jr]]. mo filiming ya terama ya 2018 ya Monster, e e neng ya bontshiwa kwa Sundance Film Festival ya 2018.<ref>Cain, Spencer (August 3, 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210124004436/https://www.asos.com/us/women/fashion-feed/2017_08_02-wed/lovie-simone-interview-trend-story/ "It's time to meet Lovie Simone"]. ASOS. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref>Ngwaga o o latelang, o ne a tlhagelela mo difiliming tse pedi tsa terama tse di neng tsa tlhagisiwa kwa [[Sundance Film Festival]] ka 2019, Share le Selah le Spades mo a neng a tshameka karolo ya tlhogo ya terama. <ref>Obenson, Tambay (January 24, 2019). [https://www.indiewire.com/2019/01/sundance-2019-selah-and-the-spades-trailer-factions-1202037815/ "'Selah and the Spades' Trailer: Sundance Drama Explores Underground Life at Boarding School"]. IndieWire.</ref> <ref>Lang, Brent (July 17, 2019). [https://variety.com/2019/film/news/amazon-studios-selah-and-the-spades-1203269881/ "Amazon Studios Buys 'Selah and the Spades,' Will Develop Original Series (EXCLUSIVE)"]. Variety.</ref> Difilimi tseno ka bobedi di ne tsa amogela dikakgelo tse di siameng go tswa go batshwayadiphoso.[ Ka ngwaga wa 2020, Simone o ne a tshameka mongwe wa ba ba neng ba eteletse pele mo filiming ya mokwadi le motsamaisi Zoe Lister-Jones ya The Craft: Legacy, e e neng e le tswelelopele ya The Craft ya ngwaga wa 1996. Ka 2021, Simone o ne a tshameka mo setlheng sa ntlha sa motseletsele wa dikgang tsa bosenyi wa Starz, Power Book III: Raising Kanan. Ka 2022, o ne a tshameka le Tobias Menzies mo Apple TV+ limited series, Manhunt. O ne a tshameka mo filiming ya terama ya The Walk mmogo le mo filiming ya science fiction ya 2023 ya 57 Seconds. Ka 2025, o ne a tshameka karolo ya motshameki wa mogaka Keisha Clark mo the Netflix teen drama series Forever, e e neng ya amogela dikakgelo tse di monate go tswa go batshwayadiphoso. [[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang]] == Metswedi == 9vevjvfezegueini3gb8cti87h33tds 0 15127 55066 2026-09-19T15:57:33Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371898788|K. Tempest Bradford]]" 55066 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''K. Tempest Bradford''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi kwa Cincinnati, Ohio ) ke mokwadi le morulaganyi wa dibuka tsa maranyane le tsa ditoro tsa Maaforika a kwa Amerika. E ne e le morulaganyi yo o okametseng ''wa kuranta ya Fantasy'' e e seng ya ditlhamane go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa go ya go wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe , mme o ne a baakanya dikgang tsa tlhamo tsa Peridot Books, The Fortean Burean le Sybil's Garage. <ref>{{Cite web |last=oldcharliebrown |date=14 July 2008 |title=Press Release: Fantasy Magazine, Shiny and New! - oldcharliebrown |url=http://oldcharliebrown.livejournal.com/197596.html |access-date=2016-09-10 |publisher=Oldcharliebrown.livejournal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Fortean Bureau -- About Us |url=http://www.forteanbureau.com/about.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013083822/http://www.forteanbureau.com/about.html |archive-date=2009-10-13 |access-date=2009-08-14}}</ref> Ke mokwadi wa Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion, buka ya gagwe ya ntlha e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi ( 2022), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Publisher Page for Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion |url=https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374388799/ruby-finley-vs-the-interstellar-invasion |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> e ile ya gapa Seetsele sa Andre Norton ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro ( 2023). == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Bradford ke sealogane sa Sekolo sa [[:en:New_York_University|New York University]]'s [[:en:Gallatin_School_of_Individualized_Study|Gallatin School of Individualized Study]], gape ke moithuti wa pele wa<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarion_West_Writers_Workshop" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Clarion West Writers Workshop" class="cx-link" data-linkid="77">Clarion West Writers Workshop</a> ( Setlhopha sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Clarion West Alumni List |url=https://www.clarionwest.org/community/alumni-list/ |access-date=25 February 2021 |website=Clarion West Writers Workshop}}</ref> le ya Kokoano ya go Kwala mo maranyaneng ( e pele e neng e bidiwa Del Rey ) . O ntse a le moatlhodi wa Seetsele sa James Tiptree, Jr. mme gompieno ke Motlatsamodulasetilo wa Komiti e e Tsamaisang ya Mokgatlho wa Carl Brandon . Bradford ke molweladiphetogo wa go lekalekana ga semorafe le bong ka fa gare le ka kwa ntle ga sechaba ditlhamane tsa Maranyane . Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005), o ne a thaya blog ya Angry Black Woman, mme seabe sa gagwe ka leina leo di tlhageletse mo Feminist SF: The Blog, ColorLines<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE RISE OF THE ANGRY BLACK WOMAN BLOG &#124; RaceWire |url=http://www.racewire.org/archives/2007/06/anger_management.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081127153457/http://www.racewire.org/archives/2007/06/anger_management.html |archive-date=2008-11-27 |access-date=2009-08-14}}</ref> ''Dikgang le Dintlha'' tsa NPR, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-02-02 |title=Roundtable: A Super Bowl To Remember |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=100146837 |access-date=2016-09-10 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> le dithuto tsa Maaforika le Amerika. O ruta ditlhopha tsa go kwala ka boitlhamedi tse di tlhomang mogopolo mo go kwaleng dipolelo tse di akaretsang tsa [[:en:Writing_the_Other|Writing the Other]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teachers - Writing the Other.com |url=http://writingtheother.com/teachers/ |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> [[:en:LitReactor|LitReactor]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=LitReactor Instructors |url=https://litreactor.com/team/k-tempest-bradford |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> le[[:en:Clarion_West|Clarion West]].. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Clarion West One-Day Workshop |url=https://www.clarionwest.org/archive/nisi-shawl-k-tempest-bradford/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022210522/https://www.clarionwest.org/archive/nisi-shawl-k-tempest-bradford/ |archive-date=2020-10-22 |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> == Ditiro tse di tlhophilweng == === Ditlhamane === === Mo eseng ditlhamane === === Metshameko === == Dietsele == {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga ! Kabelo ! Ka gonne |- | 2009 |Seetsele sa Last Drink Bird Head | Pueledi e e Bonolo <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2009 |title=Last Drink Bird Head Award Winners |url=https://www.jeffvandermeer.com/2009/11/01/last-drink-bird-head-award-winners/ |access-date=2020-10-18 |website=jeffvandermeer.com}}</ref> |- | 2020 | Seetsele sa Locus | Seetsele se se Kgethegileng sa Locus sa Writing the Other (Nisi Shawl, Cynthia Ward, le K. Tempest Bradford) ya Thuto ya go kakaretso letsa boemedi <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2020 |title=2020 Locus Awards Online |url=https://locusmag.com/2020/08/2020-locus-awards-online/ |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> |- | 2020 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|Seetsele sa IGNYTE]] (Seetse sa banni) | Maiteko a a bonalang mo Tirong ka kakaretso le tekatekano mo Mofuteng wa Dibuka <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2020 |title=The IGNYTE Award Winners and Nominees |url=https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/the-ignyte-awards/ |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> |- | 2021 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|Seetsele sa IGNYTE]] (seetsele sa Banni) | Maiteko a a bonalang mo Tirong ka kakaretso le Tekatekanang mo Mofuteng wa Dibuka <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2020 |title=The IGNYTE Award Winners and Nominees |url=https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308092209/https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |archive-date=2022-03-08 |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> |- | 2021 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|seetsele sa IGNYTE]] (Awate ya Ember) | Dikabelo tse di sa Opelweng mo Mofuteng <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2021 |title=The IGNYTE Award Winners and Nominees |url=https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308092209/https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |archive-date=2022-03-08 |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> |- | 2022 | [[The Lemonade Award|Seetsele sa Lemonade]] | Ditiro tsa bopelonomi tse di dirwang ke batho ka bongwe tse di tsweledisang sechaba sa ditlhamane tsa maranyane <ref>{{Cite web |last=EagleCon |year=2020 |title=Lemonade Award |url=https://www.calstatela.edu/al/liberal-studies/eagle-con-special-guests |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> |- | 2023 | seetsela sa Andre Norton Nebula sa Ditlhamane tsa Mophato o o Magareng le tsa Bagolo ba ba Botlana | ''Ruby Finley kgatlhanong le Tlhaselo ya Dinaledi'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=SFWA Nebula Awards |year=2023 |title=SFWA Announces the Winners of the 58th Annual Nebula Awards |url=https://nebulas.sfwa.org/winners-58th-annual-nebula-awards/ |access-date=2023-07-06}}</ref> |- | 2023 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|Awate ya IGNYTE]] ya go Gaisa mo Mophatong o o Magareng | ''Ruby Finley kgatlhanong le Tlhaselo ya Dinaledi'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2023 |title=Announcing the 2023 IGNYTE Awards Shortlist |url=https://ignyteawards.fiyahlitmag.com/2023/05/24/announcing-the-2023-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |access-date=2023-07-06}}</ref> |} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] ak7dgbreq27sq8u0v2b64zobhn7ze92 55070 55066 2026-09-19T16:41:09Z MmaBaggio 11091 55070 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''K. Tempest Bradford''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi kwa [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]] ) ke mokwadi le morulaganyi wa dibuka tsa maranyane le tsa ditoro tsa Maaforika a kwa Amerika. E ne e le morulaganyi yo o okametseng ''wa kuranta ya Fantasy'' e e seng ya ditlhamane go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa go ya go wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe , mme o ne a baakanya dikgang tsa tlhamo tsa Peridot Books, [[:en:Fortean_Bureau|The Fortean Burean]] le [[:en:Sybil's_Garage|Sybil's Garage]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=oldcharliebrown |date=14 July 2008 |title=Press Release: Fantasy Magazine, Shiny and New! - oldcharliebrown |url=http://oldcharliebrown.livejournal.com/197596.html |access-date=2016-09-10 |publisher=Oldcharliebrown.livejournal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Fortean Bureau -- About Us |url=http://www.forteanbureau.com/about.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013083822/http://www.forteanbureau.com/about.html |archive-date=2009-10-13 |access-date=2009-08-14}}</ref> Ke mokwadi wa Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion, buka ya gagwe ya ntlha e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi ( 2022), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Publisher Page for Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion |url=https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374388799/ruby-finley-vs-the-interstellar-invasion |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> e ile ya gapa Seetsele sa Andre Norton ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro ( 2023).<ref>[https://nebulas.sfwa.org/winners-58th-annual-nebula-awards/ "SFWA Announces the Winners of the 58th Annual Nebula Awards".] [[:en:Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Writers_Association|Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association]]. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-17.</ref> {{Infobox person|name=K. Tempest Bradford|image=KTempestBradford-Egypt credit-KTB01.jpg|landscape=yes|image caption=Bradford in 2023|birth_date={{birth date and age|1978|4|19|mf=y}}|birth_place=[[Cincinnati]], Ohio, U.S.|occupation=Writer, editor, creative writing teacher|notable works=''Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion''|awards=Nebula [[Andre Norton Award]] for Middle Grade and Young Adult Fiction (2023), [[Locus Award]] (2020, 2023), [[IGNYTE Award]] (2020, 2021), [[The Lemonade Award]] (2022)|website={{URL|www.ktempestbradford.com}}}} == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Bradford ke sealogane sa Sekolo sa [[:en:New_York_University|New York University]]'s [[:en:Gallatin_School_of_Individualized_Study|Gallatin School of Individualized Study]], gape ke moithuti wa pele wa Clarion West Writers Workshop ( Setlhopha sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Clarion West Alumni List |url=https://www.clarionwest.org/community/alumni-list/ |access-date=25 February 2021 |website=Clarion West Writers Workshop}}</ref> le ya Kokoano ya go Kwala mo maranyaneng (e pele e neng e bidiwa Del Rey ) . O ntse a le moatlhodi wa Seetsele sa [[James Tiptree, Jr]]. mme gompieno ke Motlatsamodulasetilo wa Komiti e e Tsamaisang ya Mokgatlho wa Carl Brandon . Bradford ke molweladiphetogo wa go lekalekana ga semorafe le bong ka fa gare le ka kwa ntle ga sechaba ditlhamane tsa Maranyane . Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005), o ne a thaya blog ya Angry Black Woman, mme seabe sa gagwe ka leina leo di tlhageletse mo Feminist SF: The Blog, [[:en:ColorLines|ColorLines]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE RISE OF THE ANGRY BLACK WOMAN BLOG &#124; RaceWire |url=http://www.racewire.org/archives/2007/06/anger_management.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081127153457/http://www.racewire.org/archives/2007/06/anger_management.html |archive-date=2008-11-27 |access-date=2009-08-14}}</ref> ''Dikgang le Dintlha'' tsa NPR, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-02-02 |title=Roundtable: A Super Bowl To Remember |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=100146837 |access-date=2016-09-10 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> le dithuto tsa Maaforika le Amerika. O ruta ditlhopha tsa go kwala ka boitlhamedi tse di tlhomang mogopolo mo go kwaleng dipolelo tse di akaretsang tsa [[:en:Writing_the_Other|Writing the Other]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teachers - Writing the Other.com |url=http://writingtheother.com/teachers/ |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> [[:en:LitReactor|LitReactor]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=LitReactor Instructors |url=https://litreactor.com/team/k-tempest-bradford |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> le[[:en:Clarion_West|Clarion West]].. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Clarion West One-Day Workshop |url=https://www.clarionwest.org/archive/nisi-shawl-k-tempest-bradford/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022210522/https://www.clarionwest.org/archive/nisi-shawl-k-tempest-bradford/ |archive-date=2020-10-22 |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> == Ditiro tse di tlhophilweng == === Ditlhamane === * ''Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion'' (September 2022, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR), ISBN 978-0374388799) * "The Copper Scarab" in Clockwork Cairo, ed. Matthew Bright, 2017 and Sunspot Jungle: The Ever Expanding Universe of Fantasy and Science Fiction, ed. Bill Campbell, 2019.<ref>[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/40590786-sunspot-jungle "The Copper Scarab".] ''www.goodreads.com''.</ref> * [[Setshwantsho:Event chalkboard at Powell's Cedar Hills.jpg|thumb|Letlapa la ditiragalo kwa Bradford kwa Powell's Books]]"Until Forgiveness Comes" in ''[[:en:Strange_Horizons|Strange Horizons]]'', 2008 and In the Shadow of the Towers: Speculative Fiction in a Post-9/11 World, ed. Douglas Lain, 2015<ref>Mandel, Leo (17 November 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160629152703/http://www.strangehorizons.com/2008/20081117/forgiveness-f.shtml "Strange Horizons Fiction: Until Forgiveness Comes, by K. Tempest Bradford".] Strangehorizons.com. Archived from [http://strangehorizons.com/fiction/until-forgiveness-comes/ the original] on 2016-06-29. Retrieved 2019-10-03.</ref> * "Uncertainty Principle" in ''Diverse Energies'', 2012. * "Black Feather" in Interfictions, 2007;<ref>[[:en:Interstitial_art|Interstitial art]]</ref> PodCastle, 2010, and Happily Ever After, ed. John Klima, 2011.<ref>[http://podcastle.org/2010/09/21/podcastle-123-black-feather/ "123: Black Feather".] PodCastle. 2010-09-21. Retrieved 2016-09-10.</ref> * "Elan Vital" in Sybil's Garage No. 6, 2009 and EscapePod episode 269, 2010.<ref>[http://escapepod.org/2010/12/02/ep269-elan-vital/ "Elan Vital".] ''escapepod.org''. 2 December 2010.</ref> * "Enmity" in [[:en:Electric_Velocipede|Electric Velocipede]] issue 17/18, 2009.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150216013212/http://www.electricvelocipede.com/2011/10/enmity/ "Fiction Flashback – K. Tempest Bradford » Electric Velocipede".] ''www.electricvelocipede.com''. Archived from [http://www.electricvelocipede.com/2011/10/enmity/ the original] on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2022.</ref> * "Different Day" in Federations, 2009. * "The Seventh Reflection" in Thou Shalt Not... a horror and dark fantasy anthology, 2006. * "Change of Life" in Farthing, 2006; PodCastle, 2009.<ref>[http://podcastle.org/2009/05/17/podcastle-053-change-of-life/ "053: Change of Life".] PodCastle. 17 May 2009. Retrieved 2016-09-10.</ref> * "Hard Rain" in Farthing, 2006. * "Why I Don't Drink Anymore" (as Finley Larkin) in Abyss & Apex, 2003. * "Elf Aware" (as Finley Larkin) in Cafe Irreal, 2002; PodCastle, 2009.<ref>[http://podcastle.org/2009/03/29/podcastle-miniature-28-elf-aware/ "Miniature 28: Elf Aware".] PodCastle. 29 March 2009. Retrieved 2016-09-10.</ref> * "What We Make Of It" in Peridot Books, 2000. === Mo eseng ditlhamane === * "Androids and Allegory", Mother of Invention anthology supplementary essay, Twelfth Planet Press, 2018. * "Representation Matters: A Literary Call To Arms", LitReactor Magazine, 2017. * "Cultural Appropriation Is, In Fact, Indefensible", NPR [[:en:Code_Switch|Code Switch]] blog, 2017. * io9 Newsstand, a weekly column at [[:en:Io9|io9]], 2014 - 2015. * "An ‘Unexpected’ Treat For [[:en:Octavia_E._Butler|Octavia E. Butler]] Fans", NPR Book Review, 2014. * "Invisible Bisexuality in Torchwood", [[:en:Apex_Magazine|Apex Magazine]], 2014. * "Women Are Destroying Science Fiction! (That’s OK; They Created It)", [[:en:NPR|NPR]] Books, 2014. * "What Will Be The Next Game Of Thrones? We’ve Got Some Ideas", [[:en:NPR|NPR]] Books, 2014. * "The Women We Don't See: Season Thirteen", Chicks Unravel Time: Women Journey Through Every Season of Doctor Who. [[:en:Mad_Norwegian_Press|Mad Norwegian Press,]] 2012. * "Why Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter is The Ultimate White Guilt Fantasy", [[:en:Io9|io9]], 2012. * "Martha Jones: Fangirl Blues", Chicks Dig Time Lords: A Celebration of Doctor Who by the Women Who Love It. [[:en:Mad_Norwegian_Press|Mad Norwegian Press,]] 2010. * "Why 'Black' and Not 'African American'?", ''Key Debates: An Introduction To African American Studies''. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Jennifer Burton (January 2010) * Q&A, ''The WisCon Chronicles'', vol. 1. [[:en:Aqueduct_Press|Aqueduct Press]], 2007. * "On the Clarion Workshops", ''The WisCon Chronicles'', vol. 2. [[:en:Aqueduct_Press|Aqueduct Press]], 2008. * "WisCon and POC Spaces", ''The WisCon Chronicles'', vol. 3: Carnival of Feminist SF. [[:en:Aqueduct_Press|Aqueduct Press,]] 2009. === Metshameko === * ''[[:en:Van_Richten's_Guide_to_Ravenloft|Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft]]'' (writer, [[:en:Wizards_of_the_Coast|Wizards of the Coast]], 2021)<ref>Hall, Charlie (2021-02-23). [https://www.polygon.com/2021/2/23/22295817/dungeons-dragons-ravenloft-reboot-van-richtens-guide-release-date-price "Next Dungeons & Dragons campaign book reboots the many realms of Ravenloft"]. ''Polygon''. Retrieved 2021-04-06.</ref> == Dietsele == {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga ! Kabelo ! Ka gonne |- | 2009 |Seetsele sa Last Drink Bird Head | Pueledi e e Bonolo <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2009 |title=Last Drink Bird Head Award Winners |url=https://www.jeffvandermeer.com/2009/11/01/last-drink-bird-head-award-winners/ |access-date=2020-10-18 |website=jeffvandermeer.com}}</ref> |- | 2020 | Seetsele sa Locus | Seetsele se se Kgethegileng sa Locus sa Writing the Other (Nisi Shawl, Cynthia Ward, le K. Tempest Bradford) ya Thuto ya go kakaretso letsa boemedi <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2020 |title=2020 Locus Awards Online |url=https://locusmag.com/2020/08/2020-locus-awards-online/ |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> |- | 2020 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|Seetsele sa IGNYTE]] (Seetse sa banni) | Maiteko a a bonalang mo Tirong ka kakaretso le tekatekano mo Mofuteng wa Dibuka <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2020 |title=The IGNYTE Award Winners and Nominees |url=https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/the-ignyte-awards/ |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> |- | 2021 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|Seetsele sa IGNYTE]] (seetsele sa Banni) | Maiteko a a bonalang mo Tirong ka kakaretso le Tekatekanang mo Mofuteng wa Dibuka <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2020 |title=The IGNYTE Award Winners and Nominees |url=https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308092209/https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |archive-date=2022-03-08 |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> |- | 2021 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|seetsele sa IGNYTE]] (Awate ya Ember) | Dikabelo tse di sa Opelweng mo Mofuteng <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2021 |title=The IGNYTE Award Winners and Nominees |url=https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308092209/https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |archive-date=2022-03-08 |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> |- | 2022 | [[The Lemonade Award|Seetsele sa Lemonade]] | Ditiro tsa bopelonomi tse di dirwang ke batho ka bongwe tse di tsweledisang sechaba sa ditlhamane tsa maranyane <ref>{{Cite web |last=EagleCon |year=2020 |title=Lemonade Award |url=https://www.calstatela.edu/al/liberal-studies/eagle-con-special-guests |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> |- | 2023 | seetsela sa Andre Norton Nebula sa Ditlhamane tsa Mophato o o Magareng le tsa Bagolo ba ba Botlana | ''Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=SFWA Nebula Awards |year=2023 |title=SFWA Announces the Winners of the 58th Annual Nebula Awards |url=https://nebulas.sfwa.org/winners-58th-annual-nebula-awards/ |access-date=2023-07-06}}</ref> |- | 2023 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|Seetsele sa IGNYTE]] ya go Gaisa mo Mophatong o o Magareng | ''Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2023 |title=Announcing the 2023 IGNYTE Awards Shortlist |url=https://ignyteawards.fiyahlitmag.com/2023/05/24/announcing-the-2023-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |access-date=2023-07-06}}</ref> |} == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] fpvnmh7y3cma56irxtdw2b725vt99l5 55099 55070 2026-09-20T06:51:13Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55099 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''K. Tempest Bradford''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi kwa [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]] ) ke mokwadi le morulaganyi wa dibuka tsa maranyane le tsa ditoro tsa Maaforika a kwa Amerika. E ne e le morulaganyi yo o okametseng ''wa kuranta ya Fantasy'' e e seng ya ditlhamane go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa go ya go wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe , mme o ne a baakanya dikgang tsa tlhamo tsa Peridot Books, [[:en:Fortean_Bureau|The Fortean Burean]] le [[:en:Sybil's_Garage|Sybil's Garage]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=oldcharliebrown |date=14 July 2008 |title=Press Release: Fantasy Magazine, Shiny and New! - oldcharliebrown |url=http://oldcharliebrown.livejournal.com/197596.html |access-date=2016-09-10 |publisher=Oldcharliebrown.livejournal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Fortean Bureau -- About Us |url=http://www.forteanbureau.com/about.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013083822/http://www.forteanbureau.com/about.html |archive-date=2009-10-13 |access-date=2009-08-14}}</ref> Ke mokwadi wa Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion, buka ya gagwe ya ntlha e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi ( 2022), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Publisher Page for Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion |url=https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374388799/ruby-finley-vs-the-interstellar-invasion |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> e ile ya gapa Seetsele sa Andre Norton ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro ( 2023).<ref>[https://nebulas.sfwa.org/winners-58th-annual-nebula-awards/ "SFWA Announces the Winners of the 58th Annual Nebula Awards".] [[:en:Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Writers_Association|Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association]]. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-17.</ref> {{Infobox person|name=K. Tempest Bradford|image=KTempestBradford-Egypt credit-KTB01.jpg|landscape=yes|image caption=Bradford in 2023|birth_date={{birth date and age|1978|4|19|mf=y}}|birth_place=[[Cincinnati]], Ohio, U.S.|occupation=Writer, editor, creative writing teacher|notable works=''Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion''|awards=Nebula [[Andre Norton Award]] for Middle Grade and Young Adult Fiction (2023), [[Locus Award]] (2020, 2023), [[IGNYTE Award]] (2020, 2021), [[The Lemonade Award]] (2022)|website={{URL|www.ktempestbradford.com}}}} == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Bradford ke sealogane sa Sekolo sa [[:en:New_York_University|New York University]]'s [[:en:Gallatin_School_of_Individualized_Study|Gallatin School of Individualized Study]], gape ke moithuti wa pele wa Clarion West Writers Workshop ( Setlhopha sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Clarion West Alumni List |url=https://www.clarionwest.org/community/alumni-list/ |access-date=25 February 2021 |website=Clarion West Writers Workshop}}</ref> le ya Kokoano ya go Kwala mo maranyaneng (e pele e neng e bidiwa Del Rey ) . O ntse a le moatlhodi wa Seetsele sa [[James Tiptree, Jr]]. mme gompieno ke Motlatsamodulasetilo wa Komiti e e Tsamaisang ya Mokgatlho wa Carl Brandon . Bradford ke molweladiphetogo wa go lekalekana ga semorafe le bong ka fa gare le ka kwa ntle ga sechaba ditlhamane tsa Maranyane . Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005), o ne a thaya blog ya Angry Black Woman, mme seabe sa gagwe ka leina leo di tlhageletse mo Feminist SF: The Blog, [[:en:ColorLines|ColorLines]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE RISE OF THE ANGRY BLACK WOMAN BLOG &#124; RaceWire |url=http://www.racewire.org/archives/2007/06/anger_management.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081127153457/http://www.racewire.org/archives/2007/06/anger_management.html |archive-date=2008-11-27 |access-date=2009-08-14}}</ref> ''Dikgang le Dintlha'' tsa NPR, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-02-02 |title=Roundtable: A Super Bowl To Remember |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=100146837 |access-date=2016-09-10 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> le dithuto tsa Maaforika le Amerika. O ruta ditlhopha tsa go kwala ka boitlhamedi tse di tlhomang mogopolo mo go kwaleng dipolelo tse di akaretsang tsa [[:en:Writing_the_Other|Writing the Other]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teachers - Writing the Other.com |url=http://writingtheother.com/teachers/ |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> [[:en:LitReactor|LitReactor]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=LitReactor Instructors |url=https://litreactor.com/team/k-tempest-bradford |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> le[[:en:Clarion_West|Clarion West]].. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Clarion West One-Day Workshop |url=https://www.clarionwest.org/archive/nisi-shawl-k-tempest-bradford/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022210522/https://www.clarionwest.org/archive/nisi-shawl-k-tempest-bradford/ |archive-date=2020-10-22 |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> == Ditiro tse di tlhophilweng == === Ditlhamane === * ''Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion'' (September 2022, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR), ISBN 978-0374388799) * "The Copper Scarab" in Clockwork Cairo, ed. Matthew Bright, 2017 and Sunspot Jungle: The Ever Expanding Universe of Fantasy and Science Fiction, ed. Bill Campbell, 2019.<ref>[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/40590786-sunspot-jungle "The Copper Scarab".] ''www.goodreads.com''.</ref> * [[Setshwantsho:Event chalkboard at Powell's Cedar Hills.jpg|thumb|Letlapa la ditiragalo kwa Bradford kwa Powell's Books]]"Until Forgiveness Comes" in ''[[:en:Strange_Horizons|Strange Horizons]]'', 2008 and In the Shadow of the Towers: Speculative Fiction in a Post-9/11 World, ed. Douglas Lain, 2015<ref>Mandel, Leo (17 November 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160629152703/http://www.strangehorizons.com/2008/20081117/forgiveness-f.shtml "Strange Horizons Fiction: Until Forgiveness Comes, by K. Tempest Bradford".] Strangehorizons.com. Archived from [http://strangehorizons.com/fiction/until-forgiveness-comes/ the original] on 2016-06-29. Retrieved 2019-10-03.</ref> * "Uncertainty Principle" in ''Diverse Energies'', 2012. * "Black Feather" in Interfictions, 2007;<ref>[[:en:Interstitial_art|Interstitial art]]</ref> PodCastle, 2010, and Happily Ever After, ed. John Klima, 2011.<ref>[http://podcastle.org/2010/09/21/podcastle-123-black-feather/ "123: Black Feather".] PodCastle. 2010-09-21. Retrieved 2016-09-10.</ref> * "Elan Vital" in Sybil's Garage No. 6, 2009 and EscapePod episode 269, 2010.<ref>[http://escapepod.org/2010/12/02/ep269-elan-vital/ "Elan Vital".] ''escapepod.org''. 2 December 2010.</ref> * "Enmity" in [[:en:Electric_Velocipede|Electric Velocipede]] issue 17/18, 2009.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150216013212/http://www.electricvelocipede.com/2011/10/enmity/ "Fiction Flashback – K. Tempest Bradford » Electric Velocipede".] ''www.electricvelocipede.com''. Archived from [http://www.electricvelocipede.com/2011/10/enmity/ the original] on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2022.</ref> * "Different Day" in Federations, 2009. * "The Seventh Reflection" in Thou Shalt Not... a horror and dark fantasy anthology, 2006. * "Change of Life" in Farthing, 2006; PodCastle, 2009.<ref>[http://podcastle.org/2009/05/17/podcastle-053-change-of-life/ "053: Change of Life".] PodCastle. 17 May 2009. Retrieved 2016-09-10.</ref> * "Hard Rain" in Farthing, 2006. * "Why I Don't Drink Anymore" (as Finley Larkin) in Abyss & Apex, 2003. * "Elf Aware" (as Finley Larkin) in Cafe Irreal, 2002; PodCastle, 2009.<ref>[http://podcastle.org/2009/03/29/podcastle-miniature-28-elf-aware/ "Miniature 28: Elf Aware".] PodCastle. 29 March 2009. Retrieved 2016-09-10.</ref> * "What We Make Of It" in Peridot Books, 2000. === Mo eseng ditlhamane === * "Androids and Allegory", Mother of Invention anthology supplementary essay, Twelfth Planet Press, 2018. * "Representation Matters: A Literary Call To Arms", LitReactor Magazine, 2017. * "Cultural Appropriation Is, In Fact, Indefensible", NPR [[:en:Code_Switch|Code Switch]] blog, 2017. * io9 Newsstand, a weekly column at [[:en:Io9|io9]], 2014 - 2015. * "An ‘Unexpected’ Treat For [[:en:Octavia_E._Butler|Octavia E. Butler]] Fans", NPR Book Review, 2014. * "Invisible Bisexuality in Torchwood", [[:en:Apex_Magazine|Apex Magazine]], 2014. * "Women Are Destroying Science Fiction! (That’s OK; They Created It)", [[:en:NPR|NPR]] Books, 2014. * "What Will Be The Next Game Of Thrones? We’ve Got Some Ideas", [[:en:NPR|NPR]] Books, 2014. * "The Women We Don't See: Season Thirteen", Chicks Unravel Time: Women Journey Through Every Season of Doctor Who. [[:en:Mad_Norwegian_Press|Mad Norwegian Press,]] 2012. * "Why Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter is The Ultimate White Guilt Fantasy", [[:en:Io9|io9]], 2012. * "Martha Jones: Fangirl Blues", Chicks Dig Time Lords: A Celebration of Doctor Who by the Women Who Love It. [[:en:Mad_Norwegian_Press|Mad Norwegian Press,]] 2010. * "Why 'Black' and Not 'African American'?", ''Key Debates: An Introduction To African American Studies''. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Jennifer Burton (January 2010) * Q&A, ''The WisCon Chronicles'', vol. 1. [[:en:Aqueduct_Press|Aqueduct Press]], 2007. * "On the Clarion Workshops", ''The WisCon Chronicles'', vol. 2. [[:en:Aqueduct_Press|Aqueduct Press]], 2008. * "WisCon and POC Spaces", ''The WisCon Chronicles'', vol. 3: Carnival of Feminist SF. [[:en:Aqueduct_Press|Aqueduct Press,]] 2009. === Metshameko === * ''[[:en:Van_Richten's_Guide_to_Ravenloft|Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft]]'' (writer, [[:en:Wizards_of_the_Coast|Wizards of the Coast]], 2021)<ref>Hall, Charlie (2021-02-23). [https://www.polygon.com/2021/2/23/22295817/dungeons-dragons-ravenloft-reboot-van-richtens-guide-release-date-price "Next Dungeons & Dragons campaign book reboots the many realms of Ravenloft"]. ''Polygon''. Retrieved 2021-04-06.</ref> == Dietsele == {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga ! Kabelo ! Ka gonne |- | 2009 |Seetsele sa Last Drink Bird Head | Pueledi e e Bonolo <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2009 |title=Last Drink Bird Head Award Winners |url=https://www.jeffvandermeer.com/2009/11/01/last-drink-bird-head-award-winners/ |access-date=2020-10-18 |website=jeffvandermeer.com |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019105924/https://www.jeffvandermeer.com/2009/11/01/last-drink-bird-head-award-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 2020 | Seetsele sa Locus | Seetsele se se Kgethegileng sa Locus sa Writing the Other (Nisi Shawl, Cynthia Ward, le K. Tempest Bradford) ya Thuto ya go kakaretso letsa boemedi <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2020 |title=2020 Locus Awards Online |url=https://locusmag.com/2020/08/2020-locus-awards-online/ |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> |- | 2020 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|Seetsele sa IGNYTE]] (Seetse sa banni) | Maiteko a a bonalang mo Tirong ka kakaretso le tekatekano mo Mofuteng wa Dibuka <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2020 |title=The IGNYTE Award Winners and Nominees |url=https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/the-ignyte-awards/ |access-date=2020-10-18 |archive-date=2022-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628181059/https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/the-ignyte-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 2021 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|Seetsele sa IGNYTE]] (seetsele sa Banni) | Maiteko a a bonalang mo Tirong ka kakaretso le Tekatekanang mo Mofuteng wa Dibuka <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2020 |title=The IGNYTE Award Winners and Nominees |url=https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308092209/https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |archive-date=2022-03-08 |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> |- | 2021 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|seetsele sa IGNYTE]] (Awate ya Ember) | Dikabelo tse di sa Opelweng mo Mofuteng <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2021 |title=The IGNYTE Award Winners and Nominees |url=https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308092209/https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |archive-date=2022-03-08 |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> |- | 2022 | [[The Lemonade Award|Seetsele sa Lemonade]] | Ditiro tsa bopelonomi tse di dirwang ke batho ka bongwe tse di tsweledisang sechaba sa ditlhamane tsa maranyane <ref>{{Cite web |last=EagleCon |year=2020 |title=Lemonade Award |url=https://www.calstatela.edu/al/liberal-studies/eagle-con-special-guests |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> |- | 2023 | seetsela sa Andre Norton Nebula sa Ditlhamane tsa Mophato o o Magareng le tsa Bagolo ba ba Botlana | ''Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=SFWA Nebula Awards |year=2023 |title=SFWA Announces the Winners of the 58th Annual Nebula Awards |url=https://nebulas.sfwa.org/winners-58th-annual-nebula-awards/ |access-date=2023-07-06}}</ref> |- | 2023 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|Seetsele sa IGNYTE]] ya go Gaisa mo Mophatong o o Magareng | ''Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2023 |title=Announcing the 2023 IGNYTE Awards Shortlist |url=https://ignyteawards.fiyahlitmag.com/2023/05/24/announcing-the-2023-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |access-date=2023-07-06}}</ref> |} == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 0ie20fq096vjyvdv30ewjo11ivwu3sg 0 15128 55067 2026-09-19T16:14:37Z P'kaytee 12489 I'm done writing my article 55067 wikitext text/x-wiki Matseno [[Setshwantsho:AI Artificial Intelligence concept (52917075159).jpg|thumb|Molemo le ditlamorago tsa Artificial Intelligence mo Baithuting.]] Artificial Intelligence (AI) e nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya thuto. Baithuti ba ka dirisa AI go batla tshedimosetso, go tlhaloganya ditlhogo tse di thata, go bona dikakanyo le go tokafatsa tiro ya bone. Le fa go ntse jalo, AI e na le diphoso fa baithuti ba ikaega thata ka yone kgotsa ba e dirisa ka tsela e e sa siamang. Ka jalo, go botlhokwa gore baithuti ba tlhaloganye melemo le diphoso tsa AI mme ba e dirise ka boikarabelo.<ref name=":1">https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/ai-competency-framework-students</ref> Melemo ya Artificial Intelligence Nngwe ya melemo ya AI ke gore e ka thusa baithuti go tlhaloganya ditlhogo tse di thata. Moithuti a ka kopa AI gore e tlhalose setlhogo ka mafoko a a bonolo, e neye dikai kgotsa e neye tshedimosetso e nngwe. Ka jalo, AI e ka dirisiwa e le sedirisiwa sa go thusa moithuti fa a na le mathata mo dithutong tsa gagwe. UNESCO e rotloetsa baithuti go nna le kitso le bokgoni jwa go dirisa AI ka tsela e e sireletsegileng le e e nang le mosola.<ref name=":2">https://www.unesco.org/en/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research</ref> AI gape e ka thusa baithuti go boloka nako. Sekao, baithuti ba ka dirisa AI go rulaganya dikakanyo, go sobokanya tshedimosetso le go batla dikakanyo tsa ntlha. Seno se ka dira gore go ithuta le go dira ditiro dingwe go nne bonolo le ka bonako. AI gape e ka thusa baithuti go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa bone jwa thekenoloji jo bo ka ba thusang mo tirong ya mo isagweng. Puso ya Aforika Borwa e tlhalositse gore AI le dithekenoloji tse dingwe di fetola tsela e batho ba ithutang le go bereka ka yone. Molemo o mongwe ke gore AI e ka thusa baithuti ka boitlhamedi. Baithuti ba ka dirisa AI go bona dikakanyo tsa dikabelo, diphatlalatso, diporojeke le ditlhogo tsa patlisiso. Le fa go ntse jalo, baithuti ba tshwanetse go dirisa dikakanyo tseno e le tshimologo mme ba dire tiro ya bone, go na le go kopolola dikarabo tsa AI fela. UNESCO e gatelela botlhokwa jwa go akanya sentle, go dirisa AI ka boikarabelo le go kgona go dira le AI. <ref name=":2" /> Diphoso tsa Artificial Intelligence Phoso e nngwe e kgolo ke gore baithuti ba ka ikaega thata ka AI. Fa baithuti ba letla AI gore e ba direle go akanya le go kwala tsotlhe, ba ka se nne le bokgoni jo bo botlhokwa jwa go akanya ka kelotlhoko, go rarabolola mathata le go ithuta ka bobone. UNESCO e gatelela gore AI e tshwanetse go tshegetsa go tsaya ditshwetso le go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa motho, e seng go di tsaya sebaka. AI gape e ka naya tshedimosetso e e sa siamang kgotsa e e tsietsang. Baithuti ba ka tsaya karabo ya AI e le boammaaruri ba sa tlhatlhobe gore a tshedimosetso eo e nepagetse. Seno se ka dira gore ba dire diphoso mo dikabelong le mo dipatlisisong. Ka jalo, baithuti ba tshwanetse go bapisa tshedimosetso ya AI le metswedi e e ikanyegang ya thuto le ya semmuso.<ref name=":3">https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/deputy-minister-buti-manamela-basic-education-lekgotla-15-mar-2024</ref> Bothata jo bongwe ke go sa ikanyege mo dithutong. Baithuti bangwe ba ka dirisa AI go ba direla dikabelo mme ba bo ba romela tiro eo e kete ke ya bone. UNESCO e tlhalosa gore go tsietsa le mathata a AI e ka a bakang mo tlhatlhobong ke dingwe tsa dilo tse di tshwenyang mo thutong. Bosephiri jwa tshedimosetso le jone ke bothata. Baithuti ba ka tsenya tshedimosetso ya bone kgotsa e e botlhokwa mo didirisiweng tsa AI ba sa tlhaloganye gore tshedimosetso eo e ka dirisiwa jang. UNESCO e gakolola gore tshedimosetso ya batho e tshwanetse go sirelediwa le gore AI e dirisiwe ka tsela e e babalesegileng le ya boitsholo jo bontle.<ref name=":4">https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/minister-blade-nzimande-education-world-forum-ministerial-exchange-session-artificia</ref> Bokhutlo Ka bokhutshwane, Artificial Intelligence e ka thusa baithuti ka gonne e ka tshegetsa go ithuta, ya boloka nako, ya naya dikakanyo le go thusa baithuti go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa thekenoloji. Le fa go ntse jalo, e ka nna le mathata a a jaaka go ikaega thata ka yone, tshedimosetso e e sa siamang, go sa ikanyege mo dithutong le mathata a bosephiri. Ka jalo, baithuti ba tshwanetse go dirisa AI e le sedirisiwa sa go ithuta, e seng go letla AI gore e tseye sebaka sa go akanya le go dira ga bone. Go dirisa AI ka boikarabelo le ka boitsholo jo bontle go ka thusa baithuti go bona melemo ya thekenoloji fa ba ntse ba tokafatsa bokgoni jwa bone.<ref name=":5">https://connect.unevoc.unesco.org/home/Digital%2BCompetence%2BFrameworks/lang%3Den/id%3D</ref> Ditshupiso 1. UNESCO. (2024). AI Competency Framework for Students. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/ai-competency-framework-students <ref name=":1" /> 2. UNESCO. (2023). Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research. [https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research https://www.unesco.org/en/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research]<ref name=":2" /> 3. South African Government. (2024). Deputy Minister Buti Manamela: Basic Education Lekgotla – The Implications of Artificial Intelligence for Education, Employability and Society. https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/deputy-minister-buti-manamela-basic-education-lekgotla-15-mar-2024<ref name=":3" /> 4. South African Government. Minister Blade Nzimande: Education World Forum Ministerial Exchange Session on Artificial Intelligence.[https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/minister-blade-nzimande-education-world-forum-ministerial-exchange-session-artificial https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/minister-blade-nzimande-education-world-forum-ministerial-exchange-session-artificia] <ref name=":4" /> 5. UNESCO-UNEVOC. AI Competency Frameworks for Students and Teachers.[https://connect.unevoc.unesco.org/home/Digital%2BCompetence%2BFrameworks/lang%3Den/id%3D1 https://connect.unevoc.unesco.org/home/Digital%2BCompetence%2BFrameworks/lang%3Den/id%3D]<ref name=":5" /> iyin6sngpd10zhl3wesqg9gubekhoai 55068 55067 2026-09-19T16:15:01Z P'kaytee 12489 I'm done with my article 55068 wikitext text/x-wiki Matseno [[Setshwantsho:AI Artificial Intelligence concept (52917075159).jpg|thumb|Molemo le ditlamorago tsa Artificial Intelligence mo Baithuting.]] Artificial Intelligence (AI) e nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya thuto. Baithuti ba ka dirisa AI go batla tshedimosetso, go tlhaloganya ditlhogo tse di thata, go bona dikakanyo le go tokafatsa tiro ya bone. Le fa go ntse jalo, AI e na le diphoso fa baithuti ba ikaega thata ka yone kgotsa ba e dirisa ka tsela e e sa siamang. Ka jalo, go botlhokwa gore baithuti ba tlhaloganye melemo le diphoso tsa AI mme ba e dirise ka boikarabelo.<ref name=":1">https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/ai-competency-framework-students</ref> Melemo ya Artificial Intelligence Nngwe ya melemo ya AI ke gore e ka thusa baithuti go tlhaloganya ditlhogo tse di thata. Moithuti a ka kopa AI gore e tlhalose setlhogo ka mafoko a a bonolo, e neye dikai kgotsa e neye tshedimosetso e nngwe. Ka jalo, AI e ka dirisiwa e le sedirisiwa sa go thusa moithuti fa a na le mathata mo dithutong tsa gagwe. UNESCO e rotloetsa baithuti go nna le kitso le bokgoni jwa go dirisa AI ka tsela e e sireletsegileng le e e nang le mosola.<ref name=":2">https://www.unesco.org/en/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research</ref> AI gape e ka thusa baithuti go boloka nako. Sekao, baithuti ba ka dirisa AI go rulaganya dikakanyo, go sobokanya tshedimosetso le go batla dikakanyo tsa ntlha. Seno se ka dira gore go ithuta le go dira ditiro dingwe go nne bonolo le ka bonako. AI gape e ka thusa baithuti go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa bone jwa thekenoloji jo bo ka ba thusang mo tirong ya mo isagweng. Puso ya Aforika Borwa e tlhalositse gore AI le dithekenoloji tse dingwe di fetola tsela e batho ba ithutang le go bereka ka yone. Molemo o mongwe ke gore AI e ka thusa baithuti ka boitlhamedi. Baithuti ba ka dirisa AI go bona dikakanyo tsa dikabelo, diphatlalatso, diporojeke le ditlhogo tsa patlisiso. Le fa go ntse jalo, baithuti ba tshwanetse go dirisa dikakanyo tseno e le tshimologo mme ba dire tiro ya bone, go na le go kopolola dikarabo tsa AI fela. UNESCO e gatelela botlhokwa jwa go akanya sentle, go dirisa AI ka boikarabelo le go kgona go dira le AI. <ref name=":2" /> Diphoso tsa Artificial Intelligence Phoso e nngwe e kgolo ke gore baithuti ba ka ikaega thata ka AI. Fa baithuti ba letla AI gore e ba direle go akanya le go kwala tsotlhe, ba ka se nne le bokgoni jo bo botlhokwa jwa go akanya ka kelotlhoko, go rarabolola mathata le go ithuta ka bobone. UNESCO e gatelela gore AI e tshwanetse go tshegetsa go tsaya ditshwetso le go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa motho, e seng go di tsaya sebaka. AI gape e ka naya tshedimosetso e e sa siamang kgotsa e e tsietsang. Baithuti ba ka tsaya karabo ya AI e le boammaaruri ba sa tlhatlhobe gore a tshedimosetso eo e nepagetse. Seno se ka dira gore ba dire diphoso mo dikabelong le mo dipatlisisong. Ka jalo, baithuti ba tshwanetse go bapisa tshedimosetso ya AI le metswedi e e ikanyegang ya thuto le ya semmuso.<ref name=":3">https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/deputy-minister-buti-manamela-basic-education-lekgotla-15-mar-2024</ref> Bothata jo bongwe ke go sa ikanyege mo dithutong. Baithuti bangwe ba ka dirisa AI go ba direla dikabelo mme ba bo ba romela tiro eo e kete ke ya bone. UNESCO e tlhalosa gore go tsietsa le mathata a AI e ka a bakang mo tlhatlhobong ke dingwe tsa dilo tse di tshwenyang mo thutong. Bosephiri jwa tshedimosetso le jone ke bothata. Baithuti ba ka tsenya tshedimosetso ya bone kgotsa e e botlhokwa mo didirisiweng tsa AI ba sa tlhaloganye gore tshedimosetso eo e ka dirisiwa jang. UNESCO e gakolola gore tshedimosetso ya batho e tshwanetse go sirelediwa le gore AI e dirisiwe ka tsela e e babalesegileng le ya boitsholo jo bontle.<ref name=":4">https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/minister-blade-nzimande-education-world-forum-ministerial-exchange-session-artificia</ref> Bokhutlo Ka bokhutshwane, Artificial Intelligence e ka thusa baithuti ka gonne e ka tshegetsa go ithuta, ya boloka nako, ya naya dikakanyo le go thusa baithuti go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa thekenoloji. Le fa go ntse jalo, e ka nna le mathata a a jaaka go ikaega thata ka yone, tshedimosetso e e sa siamang, go sa ikanyege mo dithutong le mathata a bosephiri. Ka jalo, baithuti ba tshwanetse go dirisa AI e le sedirisiwa sa go ithuta, e seng go letla AI gore e tseye sebaka sa go akanya le go dira ga bone. Go dirisa AI ka boikarabelo le ka boitsholo jo bontle go ka thusa baithuti go bona melemo ya thekenoloji fa ba ntse ba tokafatsa bokgoni jwa bone.<ref name=":5">https://connect.unevoc.unesco.org/home/Digital%2BCompetence%2BFrameworks/lang%3Den/id%3D</ref> Ditshupiso 1. UNESCO. (2024). AI Competency Framework for Students. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/ai-competency-framework-students <ref name=":1" /> 2. UNESCO. (2023). Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research. [https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research https://www.unesco.org/en/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research]<ref name=":2" /> 3. South African Government. (2024). Deputy Minister Buti Manamela: Basic Education Lekgotla – The Implications of Artificial Intelligence for Education, Employability and Society. https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/deputy-minister-buti-manamela-basic-education-lekgotla-15-mar-2024<ref name=":3" /> 4. South African Government. Minister Blade Nzimande: Education World Forum Ministerial Exchange Session on Artificial Intelligence.[https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/minister-blade-nzimande-education-world-forum-ministerial-exchange-session-artificial https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/minister-blade-nzimande-education-world-forum-ministerial-exchange-session-artificia] <ref name=":4" /> 5. UNESCO-UNEVOC. AI Competency Frameworks for Students and Teachers.[https://connect.unevoc.unesco.org/home/Digital%2BCompetence%2BFrameworks/lang%3Den/id%3D1 https://connect.unevoc.unesco.org/home/Digital%2BCompetence%2BFrameworks/lang%3Den/id%3D]<ref name=":5" /> luxlya5s3vk17roncj8pfmasfgdhs15 0 15129 55071 2026-09-19T16:46:32Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357903154|Laura Kariuki]]" 55071 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laura Kariuki''' Laura ke motshameki wa mosadi wa kwa Amerika. O itsege thata ka go tshameka karolo ya Kim Williams mo motseletseleng wa [[The Wonder Years]] le JJ mo motseletseleng wa diterama tsa superhero [[Black Lightning]]. == Botshelo jwa pele == Kariuki o tsholetswe kwa Iowa mme a fudugela kwa Lenexa, Kansas a le dingwaga di le borobabobedi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni profile - Laura Kariuki |url=https://www.okcu.edu/blog/alumni-profile-laura-kariuki |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=okcu.edu}}</ref> O ne a aloga ka BFA mo go tshamekeng mo Oklahoma City University. E ne e le mongwe wa baithuti ba le robedi ba ba neng ba tlhophilwe go tshameka kwa World Theatre Education Alliance kwa [[Beijing]]. Ka bonako morago ga go aloga, Laura o ne a tlhophiwa go tsaya karolo mo 2020 ABC Discovers Showcase <ref>{{Cite web |title=Laura Kariuki |url=https://www.laurakariuki.com |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=laurakariuki}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Kariuki o ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo seraleng mo motseletseleng wa diterama wa [[Black Lightning]] koo a neng a tshameka karolo ya JJ. O ne a emisetsa [[China Anne McClain]] yo seriti sa gagwe se neng se bolailwe, mme jaanong se tsetswe sesha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Arrowverse Recasts A Major Character: How Jennifer Survived |url=https://screenrant.com/arrowverse-black-lightning-jennifer-recast-death-return/ |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=screenrant.com}}</ref>O ne a tshameka karolo ya Maggie mo terameng ya marato ya Netflix [[Along for the Ride]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenyan actress Laura Kariuki cast in Netflix film “Along For The Ride” |url=https://hapakenya.com/2021/04/26/kenyan-actress-laura-kariuki-cast-in-netflix-film-along-for-the-ride/ |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=hapakenya.com}}</ref> Seabe sa gagwe se segolo e ntse e le sa go tshameka Kim Williams mo motseletseleng wa [[The Wonder Years]]. . <ref>{{Cite web |title='Wonder Years' Reboot Adds Dule Hill, Laura Kariuki |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/wonder-years-reboot-dule-hill-laura-kariuki-4152939/ |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=hollywoodreporter.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='The Wonder Years': Saycon Sengbloh And Laura Kariuki On Season 2's Black Joy And Excellence In The Segregated South |url=https://blavity.com/the-wonder-years-saycon-sengbloh-and-laura-kariuki-on-season-2 |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=blavity.com}}</ref> O ne a tshameka jaaka Vivian Lee Finch mo seraleng sa [[American Horror Stories]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title='American Horror Stories' Season 3 Review: Offensiveness as a Replacement for Horror |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2023/11/14/american-horror-stories-season-3-review-hulu-offensive/ |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=thecrimson.com}}</ref> O ne gape a tshameka jaaka lekgarebe la Bob Dylan la kwa Boritane Becka mo filiming ya botshelo jwa gagwe e e bidiwang [[A Complete Unknown]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Complete Unknown: What's Fact and What's Fiction in the Bob Dylan Biopic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/story/a-complete-unknown-fact-fiction-bob-dylan-biopic?srsltid=AfmBOoqmrjt5v23Mdy9k8EYG2YlA1hao1XzTyv_mzNhrgnMjpl7Tda4V |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=vanityfair.com}}</ref>{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] hdl83bkyul08mpkb1v82ta1675rm1la 55072 55071 2026-09-19T16:52:39Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 55072 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laura Kariuki''' Laura ke motshameki wa mosadi wa kwa Amerika. O itsege thata ka go tshameka karolo ya Kim Williams mo motseletseleng wa [[The Wonder Years]] le JJ mo motseletseleng wa diterama tsa superhero [[Black Lightning]]. == Botshelo jwa pele == Kariuki o tsholetswe kwa Iowa mme a fudugela kwa Lenexa, Kansas a le dingwaga di le borobabobedi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni profile - Laura Kariuki |url=https://www.okcu.edu/blog/alumni-profile-laura-kariuki |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=okcu.edu}}</ref> O ne a aloga ka BFA mo go tshamekeng mo Oklahoma City University. E ne e le mongwe wa baithuti ba le robedi ba ba neng ba tlhophilwe go tshameka kwa World Theatre Education Alliance kwa [[Beijing]]. Ka bonako morago ga go aloga, Laura o ne a tlhophiwa go tsaya karolo mo 2020 ABC Discovers Showcase <ref>{{Cite web |title=Laura Kariuki |url=https://www.laurakariuki.com |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=laurakariuki}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Kariuki o ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo seraleng mo motseletseleng wa diterama wa [[Black Lightning]] koo a neng a tshameka karolo ya JJ. O ne a emisetsa [[China Anne McClain]] yo seriti sa gagwe se neng se bolailwe, mme jaanong se tsetswe sesha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Arrowverse Recasts A Major Character: How Jennifer Survived |url=https://screenrant.com/arrowverse-black-lightning-jennifer-recast-death-return/ |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=screenrant.com}}</ref>O ne a tshameka karolo ya Maggie mo terameng ya marato ya Netflix [[Along for the Ride]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenyan actress Laura Kariuki cast in Netflix film “Along For The Ride” |url=https://hapakenya.com/2021/04/26/kenyan-actress-laura-kariuki-cast-in-netflix-film-along-for-the-ride/ |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=hapakenya.com}}</ref> Seabe sa gagwe se segolo e ntse e le sa go tshameka Kim Williams mo motseletseleng wa [[The Wonder Years]]. . <ref>{{Cite web |title='Wonder Years' Reboot Adds Dule Hill, Laura Kariuki |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/wonder-years-reboot-dule-hill-laura-kariuki-4152939/ |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=hollywoodreporter.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='The Wonder Years': Saycon Sengbloh And Laura Kariuki On Season 2's Black Joy And Excellence In The Segregated South |url=https://blavity.com/the-wonder-years-saycon-sengbloh-and-laura-kariuki-on-season-2 |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=blavity.com}}</ref> O ne a tshameka e le Vivian Lee Finch mo seraleng sa [[American Horror Stories]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title='American Horror Stories' Season 3 Review: Offensiveness as a Replacement for Horror |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2023/11/14/american-horror-stories-season-3-review-hulu-offensive/ |access-date=June 3, 2026 |website=thecrimson.com}}</ref> O ne gape a tshameka ele lekgarebe la Bob Dylan la kwa Boritane Becka mo filiming ya botshelo jwa gagwe e e bidiwang [[A Complete Unknown]] ==Metswedi== <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Complete Unknown: What's Fact and What's Fiction in the Bob Dylan Biopic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/story/a-complete-unknown-fact-fiction-bob-dylan-biopic?srsltid=AfmBOoqmrjt5v23Mdy9k8EYG2YlA1hao1XzTyv_mzNhrgnMjpl7Tda4V |access-date=June 3, 2026 </ref>{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] fwvlo5hbuma28mpsxz9via7x7dxzuks 0 15130 55073 2026-09-19T16:56:54Z Cruiselady 12522 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362978074|Tortoise]]" 55073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox|name=Testudinidae|fossil_range={{Fossil range|Eocene|Recent}}|image=A. gigantea Aldabra Giant Tortoise.jpg|image_caption=[[Aldabra giant tortoise]]<br />(''Aldabrachelys gigantea'')|taxon=Testudinidae|authority=[[August Batsch|Batsch]], 1788|type_genus=''[[Testudo (genus)|Testudo]]''|type_genus_authority=[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]|subdivision_ranks=Subgroups|subdivision=}} Mophato wa Amerika wa Ichthyologists le Herpetologists o dirisa "khudu" go tlhalosa mefuta e e feleletseng ya tatelano ya Testudines, ntle le gore a e nna mo lefatsheng kana mo lewatleng, mme o dirisa "khudu" jaaka leina le le rileng thata la mefuta ya lefatshe e e tsamayang ka bonya . Tiriso ka kakaretso ya Amerika ga e ganetse; khudu gole gantsi ke lereo le le akaretsang; khudu e dirisiwa fela fa go buiwa ka dikhudu tsa lefatshe kgotsa, ka tsela e e tshesane, fela maloko ao a Testudinidae, losika la dikhudu tsa lefatshe tsa nako ya jaanong; le gale dikhudu di ka kaya dikhudu tse dinnye mme di nna mo metsing a a phepafetseng le a a nang le letswai, thatathata dikhudu tse di nang le mokwatla wa teemane ( ''Malaclemys terrapin'' ). <ref name="SanDiegoZoo">{{Cite web |title=Turtle |url=http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-turtle.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206125855/http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-turtle.html |archive-date=2010-12-06 |access-date=2012-09-16 |publisher=Sandiegozoo.org}}</ref> Ka sekao kwa Amerika, maloko a mofuta wa ''Terrapene'' a nna mo lefatsheng, le fa go ntse jalo a bitsiwadikhudu tsa mabokoso go na le go bitsiwa dikhudu. [[File:Leopard_tortoise_(Stigmochelys_pardalis)_head.jpg|right|thumb| Khudu ya monna ya lengau, Aforikaborwa]] Palo ya diring tse di tsepameng ka thata mo carapace, e e tshwanang thata le karolo ya sefapano sa setlhare, ka dinako dingwe e ka naya tlhasedi la gore phologolo e na le dijara tse kae, fela, ka ntlha ya fa go gola go ikaegile thata ka phitlhelelo ya dijo le metsi, khudu e e nang le phitlhelelo ya furu e ntsi (kgotsa e e fepiwan . Ho feta moo, dikhudu tse ding di hola dipalamonwana tse fetang e le nngwe ka nako, mme ho tse ding, ka lebaka la ho onala, dipalamonwana tse ding ha di hlole di bonahala. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shells: Anatomy and Diseases of Turtle and Tortoise Shells |url=http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=17+1797&aid=2700 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060541/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=17+1797&aid=2700 |archive-date=2013-10-23 |access-date=2013-10-22 |website=PetEducation.com |publisher=[[Drs. Foster & Smith]]}}</ref> l41y4ap2tc7s6acu6389qjv6x6bs2mg 0 15131 55074 2026-09-19T17:02:56Z Reagoleboga 10854 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359712189|Umqombothi]]" 55074 wikitext text/x-wiki   Umqombothi (Xhosa pronunciation, ke mofuta wa biri ya setso ya Aforika Borwa e e dirilweng ka mmidi, mmidi, sorghum, yeast le metsi. Biri e na le selekanyo se se kwa tlase sa bojalwa (se gantsi se kwa tlase ga 3%) mme e na le selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa dibitamine tsa B. E na le mmala o o boteng, o o boreledi le o o serolwana (o o tswang mo mmiding), monko wa yone o o bogale e bile o utlwala sentle, e bile ga e bonale sentle e bile e na le mmala o o bosetlha. Umqombothi e tlhwatlhwatlase go na le biri ya lager e e rekisiwang e e dirilweng ka barele e bile e na le moutlwalo wa dithunya tsa hop. == Mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng wa go o apaya == Umqombothi e dirwa go ya ka dingwao tsa setso, mme tsone di farologana go sekae go ya ka mafelo. Gantsi mokgwa ono o fetisediwa go tswa kokomaneng e nngwe go ya go e nngwe. Ka tlwaelo biri e apewa mo molelong kwa ntle ga ntlo. Go tswa foo e tsidifadiwa ka tsela e e sa direng sepe go fitlha e nna mogote o o kwa ntle ga ntlo. Diteng tse di dirisitsweng ke: selekanyo se se lekanang sa bupi jwa mmidi, bupi jwa mmidi jo bo thubagantsweng (bupi jwa mmidi) le bupi jwa sorghum jo bo thubagantsweng. Mabele a a dirilweng ka mmidi a dira gore go nne le biri e e nang le modumo o o bosetlhana e bile e na le tatso e e bothitho. Bojalwa jwa sorghum bo dira gore biri e nne ntsho. Dilo tse di dirisiwang di tswakanngwa mo pitseng ya tshipi, e e bidiwang potjie mo Aforika Borwa. Go tsenngwa dikubita di le nnè tsa metsi a a bothitho. Motswako ono o tlogelwa bosigo jotlhe. Motswako ono o simolola go bela, mme go bo go tlhaga dikgolokwe. Go ka utlwala monko o o botlhole. Go ntshiwa karolo e nnye ya wort mme e bo e bewa ka fa thoko. Se se setseng se a apewa go fitlha se nna makape. Sejalo seno se bidiwa isidudu mme se ka jewa jaaka mmidi. Fa go dirwa biri, isidudu e tlogelwa gore e tsidifale letsatsi lotlhe. Fa motswako ono o sena go tsidifala, o tshelwa mo teng ga nkgo e kgolo ya polasetiki. Motlhware o o neng o beetswe kwa thoko o tsenngwa mo teng ga nkgo. Go tsenngwa motswako o monnye wa sorghum le motswako o monnye wa mmidi mo teng ga nkgo. Motswako ono o tlhakatlhakanngwa ka leswana la setso le le bidiwang iphini. Mogatla o khurumeditswe ka sekhurumelo le kobo (go boloka mogote). Mogatla ono o bewa mo lefelong le le bothitho bosigo jotlhe gore o kgone go bedisa. Fa o batla go bona gore a bojalwa bo setse bo siame, mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng wa go bo leka ke go tshuba tlhase gaufi le nkgo. Fa e tima ka bonako, motswako o tla bo o siame. Fa e ka nna e ntse e tuka, seno ga se ise se siame. Seno se dirwa ke gore mash a a bedisang a ntsha khabonetaeokosaete e ntsi, e e sa letleng gore peterolo e tuke. Fa motswako oo o setse o siame, o tlhotlhwa ka mosidi o mogolo wa tshipi go ntsha dithoro tse di setseng. Matlapana a a kwa tlase ga seroto a bidiwa intshela. Intshela e tsenngwa mo bojalweng jo bo tlhotlhilweng go dira gore bo nne le tatso e e oketsegileng. Dithoro tse di dirisitsweng di a gogiwa mme gantsi di latlhelwa mo mmung gore dikoko di di je. Motho yo o dirang biri eno ka tlwaelo o leboga bagologolwane fa a ntse a tshela mmidi. Fa biri e sena go tlhotlhwa, e tshelwa mo teng ga moropa o mogolo o o dirisiwang ke batho botlhe o o bidiwang gogogo. E siametse go abelwa ditsala le ba lelapa. Fa baeng ba goroga kwa legaeng la motho yo o dirang biri go tla go e latswa le go keteka le bone, go tlwaelegile gore ba tle ka lebotlolo la boranti e le letshwao la go leboga. [[File:Umqombothi_en_ukhamba,_cerveza_tradicional_sudafricana_01.jpg|thumb|Umqombothi e jewa mo sekepeng sa biri sa Ukhamba, sa MaZulu kwa [[Cape Town]], [[Aforika Borwa|South Africa]].]] == Tiriso ya setso == Umqombothi e dirisetswa go keteka go boela gae ga makawana, a a itsegeng jaaka abakwetha mo setsong sa Ba-Xhosa, morago ga ulwaluko - go simolola le go rupisiwa ga banna ba bodumedi. Biri eno e na le seabe se se botlhokwa fa mongwe a ikgolaganya le bagologolwane ba bone, izinyanya, e bile e na le seabe se segolo mo setšhabeng, ka jalo gantsi e dirisiwa ka nako ya manyalo a setso, diphitlho, le di-imbizos (dikopano tsa setso). == Dilo tse di amang boitekanelo == Patlisiso e fitlhetse gore sorgo le mmidi tse di dirisiwang jaaka diteng tsa umqombothi gantsi di kgotlelwa ke mouta o o ntshang mycotoxin Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp. le Mucor spp. Le fa gone biri e e setseng e dirilwe e sa kgotlelwa ke di-fungus, diperesente di le 33 tsa biri ya sorghum e e dirilweng mo kgwebong e ne e na le aflatoxin mme diperesente di le 45 tsa di-beer tse di dirilweng mo gae di ne di na le zearalenone kgotsa ochratoxin A (kgotsa ka bobedi jwa tsone) mo setlhageng sa bofelo. Porofense ya Kapa Botlhaba ya Aforika Borwa e na le palo e e kwa godimo thata ya kankere ya kgeleswa ya dijo.[ Dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng ke South African Medical Research Council di bontsha gore botlhole jo bo mo mmiding wa mmidi wa mo gae bo amana le go ata ga kankere eno. == Mo setsong se se tumileng == Go buiwa ka yone mo pineng e e nang le leina le le tshwanang e e opelwang ke Yvonne Chaka Chaka. Mafoko a pina eno a e bitsa "biri ya Afrika e e gakgamatsang". Pina eno e ne ya utlwala fa go bulwa Hotel Rwanda. == Bona gape == * Burukutu in West Africa, [[Chad]], and [[Ethiopia]]. * [[Chibuku Shake Shake|Chibuku]] and Munkoyo or 'Ibwatu' in [[Zambia]]. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Umqombothi]] [[Karolo:African Beer]] 7bbw55co277i4wb0qd98pzuwnrsyzlb 55075 55074 2026-09-19T17:09:02Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 55075 wikitext text/x-wiki   == '''Umqombothi''' == Umqombothi, ke mofuta wa biri ya setso ya Aforika Borwa e e dirilweng ka mmidi, mmidi, sorghum, yeast le metsi. Biri e na le selekanyo se se kwa tlase sa bojalwa (se gantsi se kwa tlase ga 3%) mme e na le selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa dibitamine tsa B. E na le mmala o o boteng, o o boreledi le o o serolwana (o o tswang mo mmiding), monko wa yone o o bogale e bile o utlwala sentle, e bile ga e bonale sentle e bile e na le mmala o o bosetlha.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=hp_xAwC_EXcxeC7h&v=cTBp5Uli1pM&feature=youtu.be</ref> Umqombothi e tlhwatlhwatlase go na le biri ya lager e e rekisiwang e e dirilweng ka barele e bile e na le moutlwalo wa dithunya tsa hop.<ref name=":1">https://www.beerandbrewing.com/style-school-umqombothi-a-south-african-tradition</ref> == Mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng wa go o apaya == Umqombothi e dirwa go ya ka dingwao tsa setso, mme tsone di farologana go sekae go ya ka mafelo. Gantsi mokgwa ono o fetisediwa go tswa kokomaneng e nngwe go ya go e nngwe. Ka tlwaelo biri e apewa mo molelong kwa ntle ga ntlo. Go tswa foo e tsidifadiwa ka tsela e e sa direng sepe go fitlha e nna mogote o o kwa ntle ga ntlo.<ref>https://www.foodformzansi.co.za/mzansi-meet-this-years-best-umqombothi-brewer/</ref> Diteng tse di dirisitsweng ke: selekanyo se se lekanang sa bupi jwa mmidi, bupi jwa mmidi jo bo thubagantsweng (bupi jwa mmidi) le bupi jwa sorghum jo bo thubagantsweng. Mabele a a dirilweng ka mmidi a dira gore go nne le biri e e nang le modumo o o bosetlhana e bile e na le tatso e e bothitho. Bojalwa jwa sorghum bo dira gore biri e nne ntsho. Dilo tse di dirisiwang di tswakanngwa mo pitseng ya tshipi, e e bidiwang potjie mo Aforika Borwa. Go tsenngwa dikubita di le nnè tsa metsi a a bothitho. Motswako ono o tlogelwa bosigo jotlhe. Motswako ono o simolola go bela, mme go bo go tlhaga dikgolokwe. Go ka utlwala monko o o botlhole.<ref name=":2">https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-09-23-new-law-guides-the-brewing-of-umqombothi-/</ref> Go ntshiwa karolo e nnye ya wort mme e bo e bewa ka fa thoko. Se se setseng se a apewa go fitlha se nna makape. Sejalo seno se bidiwa isidudu mme se ka jewa jaaka mmidi. Fa go dirwa biri, isidudu e tlogelwa gore e tsidifale letsatsi lotlhe. Fa motswako ono o sena go tsidifala, o tshelwa mo teng ga nkgo e kgolo ya polasetiki. Motlhware o o neng o beetswe kwa thoko o tsenngwa mo teng ga nkgo. Go tsenngwa motswako o monnye wa sorghum le motswako o monnye wa mmidi mo teng ga nkgo. Motswako ono o tlhakatlhakanngwa ka leswana la setso le le bidiwang iphini. Mogatla o khurumeditswe ka sekhurumelo le kobo (go boloka mogote). Mogatla ono o bewa mo lefelong le le bothitho bosigo jotlhe gore o kgone go bedisa.<ref name=":1" /> Fa o batla go bona gore a bojalwa bo setse bo siame, mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng wa go bo leka ke go tshuba tlhase gaufi le nkgo. Fa e tima ka bonako, motswako o tla bo o siame. Fa e ka nna e ntse e tuka, seno ga se ise se siame. Seno se dirwa ke gore mash a a bedisang a ntsha khabonetaeokosaete e ntsi, e e sa letleng gore peterolo e tuke. Fa motswako oo o setse o siame, o tlhotlhwa ka mosidi o mogolo wa tshipi go ntsha dithoro tse di setseng. Matlapana a a kwa tlase ga seroto a bidiwa intshela. Intshela e tsenngwa mo bojalweng jo bo tlhotlhilweng go dira gore bo nne le tatso e e oketsegileng. Dithoro tse di dirisitsweng di a gogiwa mme gantsi di latlhelwa mo mmung gore dikoko di di je. Motho yo o dirang biri eno ka tlwaelo o leboga bagologolwane fa a ntse a tshela mmidi.<ref>https://www.foodformzansi.co.za/umqombothi-take-a-sip-of-mzansis-traditional-icon/</ref> Fa biri e sena go tlhotlhwa, e tshelwa mo teng ga moropa o mogolo o o dirisiwang ke batho botlhe o o bidiwang gogogo. E siametse go abelwa ditsala le ba lelapa. Fa baeng ba goroga kwa legaeng la motho yo o dirang biri go tla go e latswa le go keteka le bone, go tlwaelegile gore ba tle ka lebotlolo la boranti e le letshwao la go leboga.<ref name=":3">https://www.slowfood.com/blog-and-news/brewers-of-traditional-afrikan-beer/</ref> [[File:Umqombothi_en_ukhamba,_cerveza_tradicional_sudafricana_01.jpg|thumb|Umqombothi e jewa mo sekepeng sa biri sa Ukhamba, sa MaZulu kwa [[Cape Town]], [[Aforika Borwa|South Africa]].]] == Tiriso ya setso == Umqombothi e dirisetswa go keteka go boela gae ga makawana, a a itsegeng jaaka abakwetha mo setsong sa Ba-Xhosa, morago ga ulwaluko - go simolola le go rupisiwa ga banna ba bodumedi. Biri eno e na le seabe se se botlhokwa fa mongwe a ikgolaganya le bagologolwane ba bone, izinyanya, e bile e na le seabe se segolo mo setšhabeng, ka jalo gantsi e dirisiwa ka nako ya manyalo a setso, diphitlho, le di-imbizos (dikopano tsa setso).<ref name=":3" /> == Dilo tse di amang boitekanelo == Patlisiso e fitlhetse gore sorgo le mmidi tse di dirisiwang jaaka diteng tsa umqombothi gantsi di kgotlelwa ke mouta o o ntshang mycotoxin Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp. le Mucor spp.<ref name=":2" /> Le fa gone biri e e setseng e dirilwe e sa kgotlelwa ke di-fungus, diperesente di le 33 tsa biri ya sorghum e e dirilweng mo kgwebong e ne e na le aflatoxin mme diperesente di le 45 tsa di-beer tse di dirilweng mo gae di ne di na le zearalenone kgotsa ochratoxin A (kgotsa ka bobedi jwa tsone) mo setlhageng sa bofelo.<ref>https://iol.co.za/business-report/entrepreneurs/2022-09-21-heritage-month-entrepreneur-celebrates-the-art-of-brewing-umqombothi/</ref> Porofense ya Kapa Botlhaba ya Aforika Borwa e na le palo e e kwa godimo thata ya kankere ya kgeleswa ya dijo.[ Dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng ke South African Medical Research Council di bontsha gore botlhole jo bo mo mmiding wa mmidi wa mo gae bo amana le go ata ga kankere eno.<ref>https://www.medicalbrief.co.za/link-between-traditional-beer-and-oesophageal-cancer-sa-study/</ref> == Mo setsong se se tumileng == Go buiwa ka yone mo pineng e e nang le leina le le tshwanang e e opelwang ke Yvonne Chaka Chaka. Mafoko a pina eno a e bitsa "biri ya Afrika e e gakgamatsang". Pina eno e ne ya utlwala fa go bulwa Hotel Rwanda.<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00022-z</ref> == Bona gape == * Burukutu in West Africa, [[Chad]], and [[Ethiopia]]. * [[Chibuku Shake Shake|Chibuku]] and Munkoyo or 'Ibwatu' in [[Zambia]]. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Umqombothi]] [[Karolo:African Beer]] 50i7xhu7tqf1mboddr7ikmird742khr 55125 55075 2026-09-20T11:45:13Z Dumbassman 6831 55125 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umqombothi''', ke mofuta wa biri ya setso ya Aforika Borwa e e dirilweng ka mmidi, mmidi, sorghum, yeast le metsi. Biri e na le selekanyo se se kwa tlase sa bojalwa (se gantsi se kwa tlase ga 3%) mme e na le selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa dibitamine tsa B. E na le mmala o o boteng, o o boreledi le o o serolwana (o o tswang mo mmiding), monko wa yone o o bogale e bile o utlwala sentle, e bile ga e bonale sentle e bile e na le mmala o o bosetlha.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=hp_xAwC_EXcxeC7h&v=cTBp5Uli1pM&feature=youtu.be</ref> Umqombothi e tlhwatlhwatlase go na le biri ya lager e e rekisiwang e e dirilweng ka barele e bile e na le moutlwalo wa dithunya tsa hop.<ref name=":1">https://www.beerandbrewing.com/style-school-umqombothi-a-south-african-tradition</ref> == Mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng wa go o apaya == Umqombothi e dirwa go ya ka dingwao tsa setso, mme tsone di farologana go sekae go ya ka mafelo. Gantsi mokgwa ono o fetisediwa go tswa kokomaneng e nngwe go ya go e nngwe. Ka tlwaelo biri e apewa mo molelong kwa ntle ga ntlo. Go tswa foo e tsidifadiwa ka tsela e e sa direng sepe go fitlha e nna mogote o o kwa ntle ga ntlo.<ref>https://www.foodformzansi.co.za/mzansi-meet-this-years-best-umqombothi-brewer/</ref> Diteng tse di dirisitsweng ke: selekanyo se se lekanang sa bupi jwa mmidi, bupi jwa mmidi jo bo thubagantsweng (bupi jwa mmidi) le bupi jwa sorghum jo bo thubagantsweng. Mabele a a dirilweng ka mmidi a dira gore go nne le biri e e nang le modumo o o bosetlhana e bile e na le tatso e e bothitho. Bojalwa jwa sorghum bo dira gore biri e nne ntsho. Dilo tse di dirisiwang di tswakanngwa mo pitseng ya tshipi, e e bidiwang potjie mo Aforika Borwa. Go tsenngwa dikubita di le nnè tsa metsi a a bothitho. Motswako ono o tlogelwa bosigo jotlhe. Motswako ono o simolola go bela, mme go bo go tlhaga dikgolokwe. Go ka utlwala monko o o botlhole.<ref name=":2">https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-09-23-new-law-guides-the-brewing-of-umqombothi-/</ref> Go ntshiwa karolo e nnye ya wort mme e bo e bewa ka fa thoko. Se se setseng se a apewa go fitlha se nna makape. Sejalo seno se bidiwa isidudu mme se ka jewa jaaka mmidi. Fa go dirwa biri, isidudu e tlogelwa gore e tsidifale letsatsi lotlhe. Fa motswako ono o sena go tsidifala, o tshelwa mo teng ga nkgo e kgolo ya polasetiki. Motlhware o o neng o beetswe kwa thoko o tsenngwa mo teng ga nkgo. Go tsenngwa motswako o monnye wa sorghum le motswako o monnye wa mmidi mo teng ga nkgo. Motswako ono o tlhakatlhakanngwa ka leswana la setso le le bidiwang iphini. Mogatla o khurumeditswe ka sekhurumelo le kobo (go boloka mogote). Mogatla ono o bewa mo lefelong le le bothitho bosigo jotlhe gore o kgone go bedisa.<ref name=":1" /> Fa o batla go bona gore a bojalwa bo setse bo siame, mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng wa go bo leka ke go tshuba tlhase gaufi le nkgo. Fa e tima ka bonako, motswako o tla bo o siame. Fa e ka nna e ntse e tuka, seno ga se ise se siame. Seno se dirwa ke gore mash a a bedisang a ntsha khabonetaeokosaete e ntsi, e e sa letleng gore peterolo e tuke. Fa motswako oo o setse o siame, o tlhotlhwa ka mosidi o mogolo wa tshipi go ntsha dithoro tse di setseng. Matlapana a a kwa tlase ga seroto a bidiwa intshela. Intshela e tsenngwa mo bojalweng jo bo tlhotlhilweng go dira gore bo nne le tatso e e oketsegileng. Dithoro tse di dirisitsweng di a gogiwa mme gantsi di latlhelwa mo mmung gore dikoko di di je. Motho yo o dirang biri eno ka tlwaelo o leboga bagologolwane fa a ntse a tshela mmidi.<ref>https://www.foodformzansi.co.za/umqombothi-take-a-sip-of-mzansis-traditional-icon/</ref> Fa biri e sena go tlhotlhwa, e tshelwa mo teng ga moropa o mogolo o o dirisiwang ke batho botlhe o o bidiwang gogogo. E siametse go abelwa ditsala le ba lelapa. Fa baeng ba goroga kwa legaeng la motho yo o dirang biri go tla go e latswa le go keteka le bone, go tlwaelegile gore ba tle ka lebotlolo la boranti e le letshwao la go leboga.<ref name=":3">https://www.slowfood.com/blog-and-news/brewers-of-traditional-afrikan-beer/</ref> [[File:Umqombothi_en_ukhamba,_cerveza_tradicional_sudafricana_01.jpg|thumb|Umqombothi e jewa mo sekepeng sa biri sa Ukhamba, sa MaZulu kwa [[Cape Town]], [[Aforika Borwa|South Africa]].]] == Tiriso ya setso == Umqombothi e dirisetswa go keteka go boela gae ga makawana, a a itsegeng jaaka abakwetha mo setsong sa Ba-Xhosa, morago ga ulwaluko - go simolola le go rupisiwa ga banna ba bodumedi. Biri eno e na le seabe se se botlhokwa fa mongwe a ikgolaganya le bagologolwane ba bone, izinyanya, e bile e na le seabe se segolo mo setšhabeng, ka jalo gantsi e dirisiwa ka nako ya manyalo a setso, diphitlho, le di-imbizos (dikopano tsa setso).<ref name=":3" /> == Dilo tse di amang boitekanelo == Patlisiso e fitlhetse gore sorgo le mmidi tse di dirisiwang jaaka diteng tsa umqombothi gantsi di kgotlelwa ke mouta o o ntshang mycotoxin Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp. le Mucor spp.<ref name=":2" /> Le fa gone biri e e setseng e dirilwe e sa kgotlelwa ke di-fungus, diperesente di le 33 tsa biri ya sorghum e e dirilweng mo kgwebong e ne e na le aflatoxin mme diperesente di le 45 tsa di-beer tse di dirilweng mo gae di ne di na le zearalenone kgotsa ochratoxin A (kgotsa ka bobedi jwa tsone) mo setlhageng sa bofelo.<ref>https://iol.co.za/business-report/entrepreneurs/2022-09-21-heritage-month-entrepreneur-celebrates-the-art-of-brewing-umqombothi/</ref> Porofense ya Kapa Botlhaba ya Aforika Borwa e na le palo e e kwa godimo thata ya kankere ya kgeleswa ya dijo.[ Dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng ke South African Medical Research Council di bontsha gore botlhole jo bo mo mmiding wa mmidi wa mo gae bo amana le go ata ga kankere eno.<ref>https://www.medicalbrief.co.za/link-between-traditional-beer-and-oesophageal-cancer-sa-study/</ref> == Mo setsong se se tumileng == Go buiwa ka yone mo pineng e e nang le leina le le tshwanang e e opelwang ke Yvonne Chaka Chaka. Mafoko a pina eno a e bitsa "biri ya Afrika e e gakgamatsang". Pina eno e ne ya utlwala fa go bulwa Hotel Rwanda.<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00022-z</ref> == Bona gape == * Burukutu in West Africa, [[Chad]], and [[Ethiopia]]. * [[Chibuku Shake Shake|Chibuku]] and Munkoyo or 'Ibwatu' in [[Zambia]]. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Umqombothi]] [[Karolo:African Beer]] l0w3ic5pt2hh70jxsarg4tu0bw4v7sf 0 15132 55076 2026-09-19T17:09:03Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360174123|Holy Ten]]" 55076 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukudzei Modecay Chitsama''' (o belegwe ka 18 Ngwanatsele 1998), yo o itsegeng e le '''Holy Ten''' ke moopedi wa Hip-Hop kwa Zimbabwe, mokwadi wa dipina le motlhami wa kopelo, yo o bidiwang "'''Mujaya''' kana '''Ba Ju'''" ke balatedi ba gagwe.. O tsholetswe kwa Harare kwa Zimbabwe. Holy Ten – yo o ipitsang "Moeteledipele wa Bašwa" le "Sebui sa Boammaaruri" – o tlhageletse e le lentswe lea botlhokwa mo kopelong ya hip hop wa Zimbabwe. O lemogwa ka lentswe la gagwe le le kodu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=ChitsamaNovember 18 |first=Holy TenBornMukudzei |last2=music |first2=1998NationalityZimbabweanYears active2016-CurrentKnown forSungura |title=Holy Ten |url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Holy_Ten/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=Pindula |language=en}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == O na le dikgolagano di le mmalwa tse di akaretsang tse a di dirileng le [[Voltz Jt]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=chekai |first=Lemuel |date=2022-10-11 |title=Holy Ten Trashes Voltz JT's New Album |url=https://www.263chat.com/holy-ten-trashes-voltz-jts-new-album/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=263Chat |language=en-US}}</ref> Ngwe pina e bidiwang How Far . Gape o itsege ka go lwantshana le baba ba gagwe jaaka [[Voltz Jt]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mavhimira |first=Bridget Wadzanai |title=Voltz JT responds to Holy-Ten |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/thestandard/standard-style/article/200002056/voltz-jt-responds-to-holy-ten |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> O kile a bolela gore o swabisitswe ke dialebamo tsa bataki ka ene a bua ka Jah Prayzah le Winky D ’s. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mavhimira |first=Bridget Wadzanai |title=Recently released albums disappoint Holy Ten |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/thestandard//standard-style/article/200011808/recently-released-albums-disappoint-holy-ten |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=The Standard}}</ref> O ne a gapa dietsele [[Changamire Awards|tsa Changamire]] ka Mopitlo 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Holy Ten dominates Changamire Festival Awards |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/holy-ten-dominates-changamire-festival-awards/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=The Herald |language=en-US}}</ref> O ne a ema Tautona [[Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa]] nokeng ka ditlhophong tsa Zimbabwe tsa 2023 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Holy Ten rallies behind President’s projects |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/holy-ten-rallies-behind-presidents-projects/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=The Herald |language=en}}</ref> == Dialebamo == * == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] [[Karolo:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Karolo:Articles with short description]] [[Karolo:Baopedi ba ba sa tsheleng]] [[Karolo:Baopedi ba mmino wa rap]] [[Karolo:Batho ba Aforika]] 273qazjpgzz3jgsksx138l1bpwtm2r9 55080 55076 2026-09-19T18:46:39Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 55080 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukudzei Modecay Chitsama''' (o belegwe ka 18 Ngwanatsele 1998), yo o itsegeng e le '''Holy Ten''' ke moopedi wa Hip-Hop kwa Zimbabwe, mokwadi wa dipina le motlhami wa kopelo, yo o bidiwang "'''Mujaya''' kana '''Ba Ju'''" ke balatedi ba gagwe.. O tsholetswe kwa Harare kwa Zimbabwe. Holy Ten – yo o ipitsang "Moeteledipele wa Bašwa" le "Sebui sa Boammaaruri" – o tlhageletse e le lentswe lea botlhokwa mo kopelong ya hip hop wa Zimbabwe. O lemogwa ka lentswe la gagwe le le kodu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=ChitsamaNovember 18 |first=Holy TenBornMukudzei |last2=music |first2=1998NationalityZimbabweanYears active2016-CurrentKnown forSungura |title=Holy Ten |url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Holy_Ten/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=Pindula |language=en}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == O na le dikgolagano di le mmalwa tse di akaretsang tse a di dirileng le [[Voltz Jt]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=chekai |first=Lemuel |date=2022-10-11 |title=Holy Ten Trashes Voltz JT's New Album |url=https://www.263chat.com/holy-ten-trashes-voltz-jts-new-album/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=263Chat |language=en-US}}</ref> Ngwe pina e bidiwang How Far . Gape o itsege ka go lwantshana le baba ba gagwe jaaka [[Voltz Jt]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mavhimira |first=Bridget Wadzanai |title=Voltz JT responds to Holy-Ten |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/thestandard/standard-style/article/200002056/voltz-jt-responds-to-holy-ten |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> O kile a bolela gore o swabisitswe ke dialebamo tsa bataki ka ene a bua ka Jah Prayzah le Winky D ’s. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mavhimira |first=Bridget Wadzanai |title=Recently released albums disappoint Holy Ten |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/thestandard//standard-style/article/200011808/recently-released-albums-disappoint-holy-ten |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=The Standard}}</ref> O ne a gapa dietsele [[Changamire Awards|tsa Changamire]] ka Mopitlo 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Holy Ten dominates Changamire Festival Awards |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/holy-ten-dominates-changamire-festival-awards/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=The Herald |language=en-US}}</ref> O ne a ema Tautona [[Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa]] nokeng ka ditlhophong tsa Zimbabwe tsa 2023 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Holy Ten rallies behind President’s projects |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/holy-ten-rallies-behind-presidents-projects/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=The Herald |language=en}}</ref> == Dialebamo == *Early Retirement (2018) *Suicide Notes (2019) *Risky Life (2021) *Energy (2022)[1][2] *Book of Malachi (2023) *New Bhundu Boyz (2023) *Risky Life 2 (2024) *Proud Father (2024) *Musoro WeNzou (2025) *Risky life interludes == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Baopedi ba ba sa tsheleng]] 8vllaca537gjn1p83c042wr1mywha1k 0 15133 55077 2026-09-19T17:58:21Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329614314|Larry Aubry]]" 55077 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Larry Aubry''' (O tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le boraro go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le borataro, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi )e ne e le mokwaladikgang wa ''Los Angeles Sentinel'' dingwaga di le masome a mararo le boraro , le molweladitshwanelo wa Moaforika kwa Amerika kwa Borwa jwa legare la Los Angeles . <ref name="latimesobit">{{Cite news|last1=Holland|first1=Gale|title=Larry Aubry, Black activist icon and 'godfather of South Central Los Angeles,' dies|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-05-20/larry-aubry-champion-of-black-education-and-self-determination-and-scourge-of-racism-has-died|access-date=May 23, 2020|work=Los Angeles Times|date=May 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="lasentinelasocial">{{Cite news|last1=Jackson-Fossett|title=Larry Aubry: A Social Justice Warrior Remembered|url=https://lasentinel.net/l-a-s-premiere-social-justice-warrior-passes.html|access-date=May 23, 2020|work=Los Angeles Sentinel|date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="capitalandmainobit">{{Cite news|last1=George|first1=Lynell|title=Remembering Larry Aubry, 1933-2020|url=https://capitalandmain.com/remembering-larry-aubry-0522|access-date=May 23, 2020|work=Capital & Main|date=May 22, 2020}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Aubry o tsholetswe kwa New Orleans ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le boraro (1933) mme a fudugela kwa Los Angeles a le dingwaga di robabongwe. O tsene Sekolo se Segolo sa Jefferson le Sekolo se Segolo sa Fremont, mme moragonyana a aloga kwa UCLA ka dikirii ya dithuto tsa Tlhaloganyo. O ne a aloga gape kwa Sekolong sa Southern California . <ref name="latimesobit" /> == Tiro == Jaaka molweladitshwanelo, Aubry o ne a tsepamisa tiro ya gagwe mo go tokafatseng maemo a merafe ya batho Bantsho e e neng e amogilwe ditshwanelo ka tsela e e kotsi ka go aga tirisanommogo le ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa setso le merafe. Bolweladitshwanelo jwa gagwe bo ne jwa tlhotlhelediwa ke maitemogelo a gagwe a ntlha kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Fremont ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane (1940), kwa e neng e le mongwe wa batho ba ntlha ba Bantsho go tsena sekolo. Jaaka Charlotta Bass le ene a kwala mo bukeng ya gagwe ya ''Forty Years: Memoirs from the Pages of a Newspaper'', batho Bantsho ba ne ba kalediwa mo ditlhareng kwa ntle ga sekolo go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le go kopanngwa. Aubry o ne a tswelela go nna mmaboipelgo, yo e iseng a rurufaiwe , mme a le mo tirong ya gagwe e a tswang kgakala le yone ya go nna le seabe mo sechabeng, ka dinako tse di farologaneng e ne e le leloko la khuduthamaga ya Sekolo sa Inglewood; Mothusa Tautona le modulasetilo wa thuto wa L.A. NAACP; leloko la khuduthamaga la Multicultural Collaborative le Inglewood Coalition for Drug and Violence Prevention; Mothusa Tautona wa A. Philip Randolph Institute; le leloko la Reparations United Front le komiti ya go sireletsa madirelo a King Drew Medical Center. O ne gape a le mo maemong a boeteledipele le mmueledi wa batho bantsho. <ref name="latimesobit" /> O simolotse go kwalela Los Angeles Sentinel go simolola ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) mme a lemogiwa ke motlobo wa dibuka wa Borwa jwa California ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano ( 2005 ) e le go lemoga botshelo jotlhe jwa gagwe jwa go sa tshabe go bua boammaaruri, go aga maborogo, le go dira go tlisa tshiamiso kwa Los Angeles ka bobegadikgang jwa gagwe jo bo thwathwa .. Aubry o ne a kwalela ''[http://www.laprogressive.com LA Progressive]'' ditlhogo ka matshelo a Bantsho ba ba nnang kwa Los Angeles, <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 22, 2019 |title=About Larry Aubry |url=https://www.laprogressive.com/author/larry-aubry/ |access-date=July 4, 2020 |website=LA Progressive |language=en-US}}</ref> Gape o ne a kwalela LA Progressive go fitlha a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi . == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Aubry o ne a nyetse mosadi wa gagwe Gloria dingwaga di le masome a marataro le bone , mme a nna le bana ba le batlhano go akaretsa le mokwadi Erin Aubry Kaplan <ref name="latimesobit" /> == Ditshupiso == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] me9oxnb65illpa58tu7c1h0jhyoonxb 55078 55077 2026-09-19T18:12:24Z MmaBaggio 11091 55078 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Larry Aubry''' (O tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le boraro go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le borataro, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi )e ne e le mokwaladikgang wa ''[[:en:Los_Angeles_Sentinel|Los Angeles Sentinel]]'' dingwaga di le masome a mararo le boraro , gape e le molweladitshwanelo wa Moaforika kwa Amerika kwa [[Borwa jwa legare la Los Angeles]] . <ref name="latimesobit">{{Cite news|last1=Holland|first1=Gale|title=Larry Aubry, Black activist icon and 'godfather of South Central Los Angeles,' dies|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-05-20/larry-aubry-champion-of-black-education-and-self-determination-and-scourge-of-racism-has-died|access-date=May 23, 2020|work=Los Angeles Times|date=May 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="lasentinelasocial">{{Cite news|last1=Jackson-Fossett|title=Larry Aubry: A Social Justice Warrior Remembered|url=https://lasentinel.net/l-a-s-premiere-social-justice-warrior-passes.html|access-date=May 23, 2020|work=Los Angeles Sentinel|date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="capitalandmainobit">{{Cite news|last1=George|first1=Lynell|title=Remembering Larry Aubry, 1933-2020|url=https://capitalandmain.com/remembering-larry-aubry-0522|access-date=May 23, 2020|work=Capital & Main|date=May 22, 2020}}</ref> {{Infobox person|name=Larry Aubry|birth_date=1933|birth_place=[[New Orleans, Louisiana]], U.S.|education=[[University of California, Los Angeles]]|occupation=Columnist, activist|spouse=Gloria Aubry|children=5, including [[Erin Aubry Kaplan]]}} == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Aubry o tsholetswe kwa [[New Orleans]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le boraro (1933) mme a fudugela kwa [[Los Angeles]] a le dingwaga di robabongwe. O tsene Sekolo se Segolo sa Jefferson le [[Sekolo se Segolo sa Fremont,]] mme moragonyana a aloga kwa UCLA ka dikirii ya dithuto tsa Tlhaloganyo. O ne a aloga gape kwa [[Sekolong sa Southern California]] . <ref name="latimesobit" /> == Tiro == Jaaka molweladitshwanelo, Aubry o ne a tsepamisa tiro ya gagwe mo go tokafatseng maemo a merafe ya batho Bantsho e e neng e amogilwe ditshwanelo ka tsela e e kotsi ka go aga tirisanommogo le ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa setso le merafe. Bolweladitshwanelo jwa gagwe bo ne jwa tlhotlhelediwa ke maitemogelo a gagwe a ntlha kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Fremont ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane (1940), kwa e neng e le mongwe wa batho ba ntlha ba Bantsho go tsena sekolo. Jaaka Charlotta Bass le ene a kwala mo bukeng ya gagwe ya ''Forty Years: Memoirs from the Pages of a Newspaper'', batho Bantsho ba ne ba kalediwa mo ditlhareng kwa ntle ga sekolo go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le go kopanngwa. Aubry o ne a tswelela go nna mmaboipelgo, yo e iseng a rurufaiwe , mme a le mo tirong ya gagwe e a tswang kgakala le yone ya go nna le seabe mo sechabeng, ka dinako tse di farologaneng e ne e le leloko la khuduthamaga ya Sekolo sa Inglewood; Mothusa Tautona le modulasetilo wa thuto wa L.A. [[:en:NAACP|NAACP]]; leloko la khuduthamaga la Multicultural Collaborative le Inglewood Coalition for Drug and Violence Prevention; Mothusa Tautona wa A. Philip Randolph Institute; le leloko la Reparations United Front le komiti ya go sireletsa madirelo a King Drew Medical Center. O ne gape a le mo maemong a boeteledipele le mmueledi wa batho bantsho. <ref name="latimesobit" /> O simolotse go kwalela [[:en:Los_Angeles_Sentinel|Los Angeles Sentinel]] go simolola ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) mme a lemogiwa ke motlobo wa dibuka wa Borwa jwa California ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano ( 2005 ) e le go lemoga botshelo jotlhe jwa gagwe jwa go sa tshabe go bua boammaaruri, go aga maborogo, le go dira go tlisa tshiamiso kwa Los Angeles ka bobegadikgang jwa gagwe jo bo thwathwa .. Aubry o ne a kwalela ''[http://www.laprogressive.com LA Progressive]'' ditlhogo ka matshelo a Bantsho ba ba nnang kwa Los Angeles, <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 22, 2019 |title=About Larry Aubry |url=https://www.laprogressive.com/author/larry-aubry/ |access-date=July 4, 2020 |website=LA Progressive |language=en-US}}</ref> Gape o ne a kwalela LA Progressive go fitlha a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi . == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Aubry o ne a nyetse mosadi wa gagwe Gloria dingwaga di le masome a marataro le bone , mme a nna le bana ba le batlhano go akaretsa le mokwadi Erin Aubry Kaplan <ref name="latimesobit" /> == Ditshupiso == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] goge7tywyoj9h8m3gahgwjblhktv9nz 0 15134 55079 2026-09-19T18:46:27Z Cruiselady 12522 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372165993|Shark]]" 55079 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Di-chondrichthyan tsa bogologolo tsa setlhopha sotlhe, tse go itsegeng jaaka di-acanthodian kana "dishaka tse di nang le dintlha", di bonagetse ka nako ya Silurian ya Pele, dijara di ka ba dimilione di le 439 tse di fetileng. ''<ref name="Andreev-2022">{{Cite journal |last=Andreev |first=Plamen S. |last2=Sansom |first2=Ivan J. |last3=Li |first3=Qiang |last4=Zhao |first4=Wenjin |last5=Wang |first5=Jianhua |last6=Wang |first6=Chun-Chieh |last7=Peng |first7=Lijian |last8=Jia |first8=Liantao |last9=Qiao |first9=Tuo |last10=Zhu |first10=Min |date=September 2022 |title=Spiny chondrichthyan from the lower Silurian of South China |url=https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/6a89c27f-e1ac-4195-af21-83077d497abd |journal=Nature |volume=609 |issue=7929 |pages=969–974 |bibcode=2022Natur.609..969A |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05233-8 |pmid=36171377}}</ref>'' Ditokololo tsa bogologolo tse di dirileng bonnete tsa Elasmobranchii ''sensu lato'' ( setlhopha se se nang le ditlhapi tsotlhe tsa lefufuru tse di amanang thata le dishaka tsa nako ya jaanong le marang go na le di-chimaera ) di bonagetse ka sebaka sa Devonian . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frey |first=Linda |last2=Coates |first2=Michael |last3=Ginter |first3=Michał |last4=Hairapetian |first4=Vachik |last5=Rücklin |first5=Martin |last6=Jerjen |first6=Iwan |last7=Klug |first7=Christian |date=2019-10-09 |title=The early elasmobranch Phoebodus: phylogenetic relationships, ecomorphology and a new time-scale for shark evolution |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |language=en |volume=286 |issue=1912 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2019.1336 |pmc=6790773 |pmid=31575362 |article-number=20191336}}</ref> Anachronistidae, e leng baemedi ba lowe ba Euselachii, setlhopha se se nang le dishaka tsa segompieno ( Selachii ) le marang ( Batomorphi ) go beelwa kwa thoko ditlhopha tse dintsi tsa dikala tse di sa tlholeng di ka bonwa, di simolotse ka sebaka sa Khabone . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ginter |first=Michał |date=January 2022 |title=The biostratigraphy of Carboniferous chondrichthyans |journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications |volume=512 |issue=1 |pages=769–790 |bibcode=2022GSLSP.512..769G |doi=10.1144/SP512-2020-91}}</ref> Selachii le Batomorphi di tshitshinngwa ke bangwe gore di fapogile ka sebaka sa Triasic . <ref name="Pough-2018">{{Cite book |last=Pough |first=F. Harvey |year=2018 |title=Vertebrate Life, 10th Edition |last2=Janis |first2=Christine M. |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-1-60535-721-8 |pages=96–103}}</ref> Difosili tsa dishaka tsa ntlha tsa boammaruri di ka tswa di bonagetse ka sebaka sa Permian, go ikaegilwe ka masalela a " dishaka tsa nnete " tse di bonweng mo Permian ya Pele ya Russia, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Andreev |first=Plamen S. |last2=Cuny |first2=Gilles |date=2012-02-28 |title=New Triassic stem selachimorphs (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) and their bearing on the evolution of dental enameloid in Neoselachii |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=255–266 |bibcode=2012JVPal..32..255A |doi=10.1080/02724634.2012.644646}}</ref> fela fa masalela a " dishaka tsa nnete " go tswa kwa Permian le Triassic e le dishaka tsa boammaruri, di ne di nale mefutafuta e e kwa tlase fela. Ditaelo tsa dishaka tsa nako ya jaanong di ne tsa bonagala la ntlha ka sebaka sa Jurassic ya Pele, mme ka sebaka sa Jurassic dishaka tsa nnete di ne tsa nna le pharologano e kima. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Underwood |first=Charlie J. |date=2006 |title=Diversification of the Neoselachii (Chondrichthyes) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous |url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/467/1/Underwood_Paleobiology.pdf |journal=Paleobiology |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=215–235 |bibcode=2006Pbio...32..215U |doi=10.1666/04069.1}}</ref> Dishaka di tsere sebaka sa di-hybodont, tse pele e neng e le setlhopha se segolo sa ditlhapi tse di tshwanang le dishaka ka sebaka sa Triassic le Jurassic ya Pele . <ref name="Rees, J. A. N. 2008, p. 117–147">{{Cite journal |last=Rees |first=Jan |last2=Underwood |first2=Charlie J. |date=January 2008 |title=Hybodont sharks of the English Bathonian and Callovian (Middle Jurassic) |journal=Palaeontology |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=117–147 |bibcode=2008Palgy..51..117R |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00737.x}}</ref> a9k2sj8u7tsbo05j5nvgvds8ror3fbf 0 15135 55081 2026-09-19T19:11:49Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375094868|Nia Pearl]]" 55081 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Peleka Lwana''' (o tshotswe ka 25 Sedimonthole 1990), <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=NIA SAYS WOMEN MUST SEIZE THE MOMENT! |url=https://www.dailysun.co.za/News/Entertainment/nia-says-women-must-seize-the-moment-20170926 |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=Daily Sun}}</ref> yo o itsege e le '''Nia Pearl''', ke seopedi le mokwadi wa dipina kwa Aforika Borwa. O ne a itsege ka ntlha ya tirisanommogo ya gagwe le batlhagisi ba [[Amapiano]] ba Aforika Borwa jaaka [[DJ Maphorisa]] le Kabza De Small. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nia Pearl on how singing for DJ Maphorisa at a shopping centre kickstarted her career |url=https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/nia-pearl-on-her-journey-to-the-top-20201020 |url-access=subscription |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=News24}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe le dithutego == Nia Pearl o belegetswe le go golela kwa [[Mthatha]], kwa [[Eastern Cape|Eastern cape]], <ref name=":1" /> kwa a goletseng teng mo lelapeng la bokgaitsadi ba le barataro mme a godisiwa ke rre mo lelapeng le le kitlaneng. O ne a tlhotlhelediwa ke bokgaitsadie go simolola go kwala dipina tsa gagwe. O ne a aloga ka ngwaga wa 2013 morago ga go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe tsa kopelo. Fa a sena go wetsa dithuto tsa gagwe, o ne a simolola go tsena mo kgwebong ya kopelo<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pearls of rhythm embraced by DJ Kabza De Small |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/pearls-of-rhythm-embraced-by-dj-kabza-de-small-20200712 |url-access=subscription |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=News24}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Nia Pearl brings a fresh, soulful yet eccentric style to her look and sound. |url=https://previdar.com/5967-2/ |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=Previdar Pop Magazine}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Ka 2014, o ne a tshameka kwa The Standard Bank Joy of Jazz festival kwa [[Johannesburg]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Don’t Miss This: August 22 – 24 |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-08-21-dont-miss-this-august-22-24/ |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> O ne a tsaya karolo mo kgaisanong ya kopelo ya Castle Milk Stout e e rulagantsweng ke [[Metro FM]]. Ka 2015, o ne a digaratsa kwa The Nescafe Red Mugg sessions <ref name=":2" /> Ka Moranang 2017, o ne a golola pina ya gagwe ya ntlha ''ya Liberty'' e e neng e akaretsa moopedi [[Kabomo]], wa go fenya seetsele sa [[SAMA award .]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Getting to know Nia Pearl |url=https://www.news24.com/drum/news/getting-to-know-nia-pearl-20170728 |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=News24}}</ref> Moragonyana mo go one ngwaga oo, o ne a golola pina ya gagwe ya, "Yiza", e e neng e dirwa ke motlhami yo o itsegeng wa kopelo ya soul le jazz e bong Luyanda Madope. Go gololwa ga pina go golagane le bidio ya ana le moopedi Mapele. Nia Pearl o ne gape a tlhagelela mo pineng ya ga [[Sho Madjozi]] ya "User Busy".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pop Star, Nia Pearl Releases Love Song, Yiza |url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/pop-star-nia-pearl-releases-love-song-yiza/ |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=Zkhiphani}}</ref> Ka 2020, o ne a dirisana le Kabza De Small mo alebamong, ''I Am the King of Amapiano'', e mo go yone a neng a tlhagelela mo dipineng di le tlhano. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kabza De Small releases Nia Lo music video, featuring Nia Pearl |url=https://justnje.com/kabza-de-small-releases-nia-lo-music-video-featuring-nia-pearl/ |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=Just Nje}}</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] onbcgn5fkjjzhve3twlgx2wazv5d17y 0 15136 55082 2026-09-19T19:40:39Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369940805|Christine Adams (actress)]]" 55082 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Adams''' (o tshotswe ka 15 Phatwe 1974) ke modiragatsi wa Borithane. O tumile thata ka go tshameka karolo ya ga Jessica mo filiming wa ''[[Batman Begins]]'' (2005), Lena Boudreaux mo filiming ya ''[[The whole Truth]]'' (2010–2011), le jaaka Lynn Pierce mo filiming ya ''[[Black Lightning]]'' (2018–2021). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Descant Deb |date=12 February 2018 |title=#TBB10 with British queen of sci fi & fantasy, "Black Lightning" star, Christine Adams |url=https://thebritishblacklist.co.uk/tbb10-with-british-queen-of-sci-fi-fantasy-black-lightning-star-christine-adams/ |access-date=5 March 2022 |website=The British Blacklist}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Adams o tsholetswe kwa [[Brentwood]], kwa [[Essex]] mme a golela kwa Northampton . O ithutetse kwa Middlesex University. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christine Adams |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/christine-adams/bio/227697/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209002724/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/christine-adams/bio/227697 |archive-date=9 February 2012 |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=TVGuide.com}}</ref> Adams o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya go nna motshameki wa dinaledi mo motseletseleng wa NY-LON ka 2004. Moragonyana o ne a tshameka mo mananeong a thelebišene a le mantsi jaaka [[My Family]], [[Doctor Who]], Pushing Daisies, [[Heroes]] and [[Nip/Tuck]] le [[Real Husbands of Hollywood]] le Kevin Hart. Difilimi tsa gagwe di akaretsa Submerged, [[Batman Begins]], [[Eye of the Dolphin]], [[Green Flash]], [[Beneath the Blue]], le [[Tron: Legacy]]. . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christine Adams Biography |url=http://www.buddytv.com/info/christine-adams-info.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114184027/http://www.buddytv.com/info/christine-adams-info.aspx |archive-date=14 January 2018 |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=www.buddytv.com}}</ref> Adams o ne a tshameka mo thelebisheneng ya ABC ya [[The Whole Truth]] jaaka Lena Boudreaux ka 2010, le mo thelebisheneng ya FOX ya [[Terra Nova]] jaaka Mira, moeteledipele wa "Sixers", setlhopha sa batsuolodi se se gorogileng le The Sixth Pilgrimage mme se se neng sa ikgaoganya le Terra Nova. <ref name="gshearer">{{Cite news|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/ipad/big-ask-with-christine-adams/story-fn6ci13q-1226188711415|title=Big Ask with Christine Adams|accessdate=8 November 2011}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2012, Adams o ne a tshameka karolo ya motshameko wa ABC o o neng wa se ka wa atlega wa [[Americana]] ele mosadi wa ga [[Anthony LaPaglia]] e bong Sierra . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nellie Andreeva |date=6 March 2012 |title='Terra Nova's Christine Adams Joins Pilot 'Americana', Jeremy Strong In 'LA Noir' |url=https://deadline.com/2012/03/terra-novas-christine-adams-joins-pilot-americana-jeremy-strong-in-la-noir-240380/ |access-date=7 March 2012 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> <ref name="hr">{{Cite web |last=Lesley Goldberg |date=6 March 2012 |title='Terra Nova' Star Joins ABC Drama Pilot 'Americana' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/terra-nova-star-abc-drama-pilot-americana-297252 |access-date=7 March 2012 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Moragonyana o ne a nna le seabe mo [[Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.]] e le Agent Anne Weaver, mme ka 2016 o ne a tshameka mo motshamekong o mokhutswane wa AMC wa [[Feed the Beast]] a na le le [[David Schwimmer]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=22 January 2016 |title=David Schwimmer & Jim Sturgess To Topline Clyde Phillips AMC Series 'Feed the Beast', Five Others Cast |url=https://deadline.com/2016/01/david-schwimmer-jim-sturgess-star-feed-the-beast-clyde-phillips-amc-series-michael-gladis-lorenza-izzo-christine-adams-1201688258/ |access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> Ka 2017, Adams o ne a tlhophiwa go tshameka mo [[The CW]] superhero television drama series [[Black Lightning]] e e tlhamilweng ke Mara Brock Akil jaaka Lynn Pierce, mosadi wa Black Lightning wa pele <ref>{{Cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=11 March 2017 |title='Black Lightning': Christine Adams Cast As Jefferson's Ex-Wife Lynn in the CW Pilot |url=https://deadline.com/2017/03/black-lightning-christine-adams-cast-jeffersons-ex-wife-lynn-the-cw-pilot-1202041455/ |access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa setho == Go tloga ka 2012, Adams o nna kwa Atlanta, Georgia le monna wa gagwe le barwadie. Ka di 16 Phalane 2019, o ne a nna moagi wa tlholego wa United States. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B3sh08nnlhe/}}</ref> == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] ikm2wym82mcx6gfgb3nmifyzbtczm16 0 15137 55083 2026-09-19T20:53:22Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e 55083 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maloti-Drakensberg Park''' ke [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]], le le tlhomilweng ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le motso ka 2001 ka go golaganya [[Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Sehlabathebe]] kwa Bogosing jwa [[Lesotho]] le [[Phaka ya Drakensberg ya uKhahlamba]] kwa [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/985/ "Maloti-Drakensberg Park"]. ''UNESCO World Heritage Centre''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le boferabongwe, 2026.</ref> Setlhoa se se kwa godimo thata ke sa [[Thaba Ntlenyana]] se se tlhatlogelang kwa dimetara di le dikete tse tharo, makgolo a le mane, masome a ferabobedi le metso e mebedi. Dikatoloso tse di akanyeditsweng tsa phaka e kgolo di akaretsa [[Golden Gate Highlands National Park]], [[Sterkfontein Dam Nature Reserve]] ([[Foreistata|Free State]]) and [[Royal Natal National Park]] ([[KwaZulu-Natal]]) mo Aforika Borwa; le [[Bokong Nature Reserve]] and [[Ts'ehlanyane National Park]] kwa Lesotho.^{<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/985bis.pdf "NOMINATION OF : SEHLABATHEBE NATIONAL PARK-SNP (as an extension to the uKhahlamba Drakensberg World Heritage Site-South Africa)"] (PDF).</ref>: 7}  Phaka e mo Dithabeng tsa [[Drakensberg]] tse di bopang mafelo a a kwa godimo mo kgaolongpotlana, mme di tshegetsa dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tse di kgethegileng tsa dithaba le tsa dithabapotlana. Dithulaganyo tseno tsa tikologo di tshotse [[mefutafuta ya dimela le diphologolo]] e e botlhokwa mo lefatsheng lotlhe, e e nang le mafelo a a tlhomologileng a bodulo le maemo a a kwa godimo a [[endemism]]. Phaka e gape ke legae la lefelo le legolo la [[botaki jwa matlapa]] mo lefatsheng le le nang le makgolokgolo a mafelo le diketekete tse dintsi tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ke [[Basarwa]]. Lefelo la Tshomarelo le Tlhabololo la Maloti-Drakensberg le ne la akanngwa jaaka [[phaka ya Kagiso]], e e akaretsang dikilometara di ka nna dikete tse di ferangbobedi, lekgolo, lesome le metso e meraro, e e nang le dikilometara di le dikete tse tlhano, lekgolo le masome a supa (64%) kwa Lesotho le dikilometara di le dikete tse pedi, makgolo a le boferabongwe, masome a mane le metso e meraro (36%) kwa KwaZulu-Natal.<ref>[https://dffeportal.environment.gov.za/portal/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=7e27f116dd194c1f9d446dacc76fe483 "Protected Areas Register] (PAR)". ''[[:en:Department_of_Environment,_Forestry_and_Fisheries|Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries]]''. Retrieved Lwetse a le lesome le boferabongwe, 2026.</ref> == Ditshwantsho == <gallery> Setshwantsho:Maloti-Drakensberg Park-113961.jpg|Tebego ya dithaba mo maitseboweng Setshwantsho:Tugela Gorge - Royal Natal National Park.jpg|Tugela Gorge mo Royal Natal National Park e leng bontlhabongwe ja Lefelo la Boswa. </gallery> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Mafelo a a sireleditsweng a Lesotho]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a a sireleditsweng a Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a a sireleditsweng a a tlhomilweng ka 2001]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a lefatshe mo Lesotho]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a lefatshe mo Aforika Borwa]] 5nm0zgo4inp8uubrgkaqoxhlupoclvw 0 15138 55084 2026-09-19T21:24:16Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e 55084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Vredefort Crater, South Africa, OLI satellite image, 27 June 2018 cropped.png|thumb|Vredefort Dome (bogare), ka [[noka ya Vaal]] e e kgabaganyang; e bonwa go tswa kwa lefaufaung ka [[Operational Land Imager]] mo [[Landsat 8]], Seetebosigo a le malastsi a masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2018]] '''Vredefort impact structure''' ke nngwe ya [[dibopego tse dikgolo tsa thulano]] mo Lefatsheng. Mogobe, o o saleng o onala, o fopholeditswe go nna dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a supa–makgolo a mararo (110–190 mi) go kgabaganya fa o ne o bopiwa,<ref>Huber, M. S.; Kovaleva, E.; Rae, A. S. P.; Tisato, N.; Gulick, S. P. S. (August 2023). [[doi:10.1029/2022JE007721|"Can Archean Impact Structures Be Discovered? A Case Study From Earth's Largest, Most Deeply Eroded Impact Structure"]]. ''Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets''. '''128''' (8) e2022JE007721. Bibcode:2023JGRE..12807721H. doi:10.1029/2022JE007721. hdl:20.500.11820/eefdc78e-ee46-446d-886f-2ab811603020. ISSN&#x20;2169-9097.</ref><ref name=":1">Allen, Natalie H.; Nakajima, Miki; Wünnemann, Kai; Helhoski, Søren; Trail, Dustin (2022). [[doi:10.1029/2022JE007186|"A Revision of the Formation Conditions of the Vredefort Crater"]]. ''Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets''. '''127''' (8) e2022JE007186. Bibcode:2022JGRE..12707186A. doi:10.1029/2022JE007186. S2CID&#x20;251449730</ref> phopholetso ya bofelo e akantsha gore mogobe wa ntlha o ne o le mogolo go feta [[mogobe wa Chicxulub]], mogobe o mogolo go gaisa o o sa senyegang thata mo Lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> Sebopego se se setseng, se se akaretsang lefika la motheo le le sa siamang, se mo kgaolong ya gompieno ya [[Foreistata|Foreisetata]] ya [[Aforika Borwa]]. E reeletswe ka toropo ya [[Vredefort]], gaufi le bogare jwa yone. Tlhatlogo ya bogareng ya sebopego e itsege jaaka Vredefort Dome, e e ka nnang dikilometara di le lekgolo–lekgolo le masome a mabedi (62–75 mi) ka bophara.<ref>Bisschoff, A.A., 1988. [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00382353_5881 The history and origin of the Vredefort Dome]. South African Journal of Science 84, 413–417.</ref> Sebopego sa thulano se ne sa bopiwa ka nako ya [[Motlha wa Paleoproterozoic]], dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.023 (± dimilione di le 4) tse di fetileng. E gareng ga dibopego tsa bogologolo tse di itsegeng tsa thulano mo Lefatsheng, morago ga [[Yarrabubba]] (dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.23)<ref>Erickson, Timmons M.; Kirkland, Christopher L.; Timms, Nicholas E.; Cavosie, Aaron J.; Davison, Thomas M. (21 January 2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6974607 "Precise radiometric age establishes Yarrabubba, Western Australia, as Earth's oldest recognised meteorite impact structure"]. ''[[:en:Nature_Communications|Nature Communications]]''. '''11''' (1): 300. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11..300E. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13985-7. ISSN&#x20;2041-1723. PMC&#x20;6974607. PMID&#x20;31964860.</ref> mme gongwe le [[Miralga]].<ref>Kirkland, Christopher L.; Johnson, Tim E.; Kaempf, Jonas; Ribeiro, Bruno V.; Zametzer, Andreas; Smithies, R. Hugh; McDonald, Brad (6 March 2025). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11885519 "A Paleoarchaean impact crater in the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia"]. ''Nature Communications''. '''16''' (1) 2224. Bibcode:2025NatCo..16.2224K. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-57558-3. ISSN&#x20;2041-1723. PMC&#x20;11885519. PMID&#x20;40050265.</ref> Tshimologo ya sebopego seno kwa ntle ga lefatshe e ne ya tlhongwa ka 1961 morago ga go bonwa ga dikhounu tse di thubegileng ke baithuta-lefatshe ba Amerika Robert S. Dietz le Robert B. Hargraves, le fa go ne ga tshitshinngwa gore se tla ama go tloga ka 1937 ke Claude C. Albritton le John D. Boon.[6] Ka 2005, Vredefort Dome e ne ya tsenngwa mo lenaaneng la Mafelo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe a UNESCO ka ntlha ya kgatlhego ya yona ya thutafatshe. == Popego == [[Setshwantsho:Map of Vredefort dome.jpg|thumb|Mmepe wa Aforika Borwa o o bontshang lefelo la Vredefort Dome, masalela a sebopego sa thulano sa dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.023. Sediko sa mola o o thaladitsweng, se se bophara jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo (190 mi), se tshwaya bogolo jwa mogogoro wa ntlhantlha.]] [[Setshwantsho:Aasvoelkop.jpg|thumb|Pono go tswa kwa godimo ga Aasvoëlkop mo bogareng jwa popego ya thulano ya Vredefort ka [[Noka ya Vaal]] le [[Venterskroon]] ka fa mojeng wa yone kwa morago]] Pono go tswa kwa godimo ga Aasvoëlkop mo bogareng jwa popego ya thulano ya Vredefort ka Noka ya Lekwa le Venterskroon ka fa mojeng wa yone kwa morago Tshimologo ya thulano ya sebopego e ne ya tlhongwa ka 1961 ke lefelo la dikhounu tse di thubegileng ke baithuta-lefatshe ba Amerika Robert S. Dietz le Robert B. Hargraves, morago ga go tshitshinngwa ka 1937 ke Claude C. Albritton le John D. Boon.[6] Asteroid e e neng ya itaya Vredefort e fopholediwa go nna nngwe ya tse dikgolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di kileng tsa itaya Lefatshe fa e sa le ka Hadean Eon dingwaga di ka nna dibilione di le nne tse di fetileng, kwa tshimologong go ne go akanngwa gore e ne e le bophara jwa dikilometara di ka nna 10–15 (6.2–9.3 mi) ka maatla a go tsamaya a 4.32×8u]73. Go tloga ka 2022, asteroid e ne e fopholediwa go nna magareng ga dikilometara di le 20 le 25 (12 le 16 mi) ka bophara, mme go fopholediwa gore e ne ya thulana ka lebelo le le tsepameng la dikilometara di le 15–25 ka motsotswana (34,000–56,000 mph) le mofuta wa maatla a ~2 J04-4. (~7.3×1023-1.60×1024 J mabapi le phopholetso e e fetileng ka ntlha ya 1.7-3.7), tshedimosetso e lebega e tsamaisana thata le bosupi jwa thutafatshe jo bo jaaka dikhounu tsa go thubega le diponagalo tsa go fetoga ga sebopego sa sebopego.[2][9] Sebopego sa ntlha sa thulano se fopholediwa go nna le molagare wa bonnye 170 km (110 mi), ka thulano e e amang popego ya letlapa la moamogedi le le di dikologileng mo kgaolong e e sediko e e ka nnang 300 km (190 mi) ka molagare.[1] Diphopholetso tse dingwe, go ya ka sekai sa dikhounu tsa go thubega kgotsa diponagalo tsa go fetoga ga sebopego sa sebopego, di beile molagare wa mogogoro wa ntlha gaufi le 300 km (190 mi).[2] Naga e gogolegile go ya kwa boteng jo bo ka nnang 7–11 km (4.3–6.8 mi) fa e sale e bopiwa, go phimola mogogoro wa ntlha. Sebopego se se setseng, "Vredefort Dome", se na le mogala o o sa felelang wa dithota tse di bophara jwa 70 km (43 mi) ka bophara, mme ke masalela a tlhatlogo e e fa gare e e tlhodilweng ke go boela morago ga letlapa ka fa tlase ga lefelo la thulano morago ga thulano.[1] Diphopholetso di beile dingwaga tsa sebopego go nna dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.023 (± dingwaga di le dimilione di le 4)[10] kgotsa dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.019/2.020 (± dingwaga di le dimilione di le 2-3),[11] se se e beyang mo Pakeng ya Orosirian ya Motlha wa Paleoproterozoic. E gareng ga dibopego tsa bogologolo tse di amogelwang lefatshe ka bophara tsa thulano mo Lefatsheng. Fa go bapisiwa, e ka nna 10% ya bogologolo go feta thulano ya Sudbury Basin (ka dingwaga di le dibilione di le 1.849) mme popego ya thulano ya Yarrabubba e bogologolo go feta popego ya thulano ya Vredefort ka bokana ka 10%.[12] Dibopeho tse ding tse ho thweng tsa kgale tsa tshusumetso di na le dilemo tse sa thibelwang hantle (sebopeho sa tshusumetso sa Dhala, India)[13] kapa bopaki ba tshusumetso bo ngangisanang haholo tabeng ya sebopeho sa Maniitsoq sa dilemo tse ka bang dibilione tse 3.023, West Greenland[14] le sebopeho sa Suavjärvi sa dilemo tse ka bang dibilione tse 2.4, Russia[1]. Go aroganngwa ga tsone jaaka dibopego tsa tshusumetso go sa ntse go tsosa kganetsano e bile go sa rarabololwa.[12][16] Dome e e mo gare ga popego ya thulano e ne e akanngwa kwa tshimologong gore e ne ya bopiwa ke go thunya ga lekgwamolelo, mme mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990, bosupi bo ne jwa senola gore e ne e le lefelo la thulano e kgolo ya asteroid, masalela a go tlhatloga ga bogareng kgotsa go boela morago go go tlwaelegileng mo dithulanong tse dikgolo, jaaka telltale shatter River near the Va by ned dikhounu di ne di le teng. Dikhounu tsa go thubega di fitlhelwa go fitlha go ~90 km le diponagalo tsa go fetoga ga Planar mo quartz go fitlha go ~45 km, fa breccia e fitlha go ~150 km. Dikgala tse di botlhokwa thata go fopholetsa bogolo jwa mogogoro magareng ga 250-300 km ka selekanyo se se rileng sa go ikanyega.[2] Sebopego seno sa thulano ke sengwe sa dibopego di le mmalwa tsa thulano tse di nang le dipalamonwana tse dintsi mo Lefatsheng, le fa di tlwaelegile thata gongwe le gongwe mo Thulaganyong ya Letsatsi. Gongwe sekai se se itsegeng thata ke sa mogogoro wa Valhalla o o mo ngweding wa Jupiter o o bidiwang Callisto. Ngwedi wa Lefatshe o na le tse dingwe gape. Dithulaganyo tsa thutafatshe, tse di jaaka kgogolego le dipolata tsa tectonics, di sentse bontsi jwa dibopego tsa thulano ya diring tse dintsi mo Lefatsheng. Thulano e ne ya sokamisa Witwatersrand Basin e e neng ya bewa mo pakeng ya dingwaga di le dimilione di le 250 magareng ga dingwaga di le dimilione di le 950 le 700 pele ga thulano ya Vredefort. Di-lava tsa Ventersdorp tse di neng di le kwa godimo le Transvaal Supergroup tse di neng tsa bewa fa fatshe magareng ga dingwaga di le dimilione di le 700 le 80 pele ga go thulana ga meteorite, di ne tsa sokamisiwa ka tsela e e tshwanang ke go bopega ga popego ya thulano ya bophara jwa dikilometara di le 300 (190 mi).[7][17] Matlapa a bopa diring tse di tseneletseng tse di sa felelang go dikologa bogare jwa popego ya thulano gompieno, ka tsa bogologolo, matlapa a Witwatersrand, a bopa semicircle 25 km (16 mi) go tswa mo bogareng. Ka ge matlapa a Witwatersrand a na le dikarolo di le mmalwa tsa matlakala a a thata thata, a a kgonang go emelana le kgogolego (sekao, di-quarzite le matlapa a tshipi a a nang le dithapo),[7][18] a bopa arc e e bonalang ya dithota e e ka bonwang kwa bokonebophirima jwa bogare jwa popego ya thulano mo setshwantshong sa sathalaete se se fa godimo. Matlapa a Witwatersrand a latelwa, ka tatelano, ke di-lava tsa Ventersdorp sekgala se se ka nnang 35 km (22 mi) go tswa kwa bogareng, le Setlhopha se segolo sa Transvaal, se se nang le lebanta le le tshesane la matlapa a Ghaap Dolomite le Setlhophapotlana sa matlapa sa Pretoria, tse mmogo di bopang lebanta la 25-kilometer19000. go feta foo.[19] Go tloga mo e ka nnang mo bogareng jwa Setlhotshwana sa Pretoria sa matlapa go dikologa bogare jwa popego ya thulano, tatelano ya matlapa e a busediwa morago. Fa go tsamaela kwa ntle go ya kwa molelwane wa mogogoro o neng o le teng, setlhopha sa Ghaap Dolomite se tlhagelela gape ka 60 km (37 mi) go tswa kwa bogareng, se latelwa ke areke ya di-lava tsa Ventersdorp, go feta fao, fa gare ga 80 le 120 km (50 le 75 mi) e bopileng matlapa a a kopaneng go tswa kwa bogareng jwa Witwacimerd ditlhagelelo gompieno. Setlhopha sa Johannesburg ke sone se se tumileng thata ka gonne ke fa go bonweng gauta ka 1886.[7][19] Ka jalo go a kgonega gore fa e ne e se ka tshusumetso ya Vredefort gauta e e ka bo e sa ribololwa. Bogare jwa bophara jwa dikilometara di le 40 (25 mi) jwa popego ya thulano ya Vredefort bo na le dome ya granite (mo e sa khurumediwang ke matlapa a mannye thata a a leng a Karoo Supergroup) e e leng karolo e e tlhagelelang ya craton ya Kaapvaal, nngwe ya dikontinente tse dinnye tsa bogologolo tse di bopilweng mo Lefatsheng dingwaga di le dibilione di le 3.9 tse di fetileng. Go tlhatloga gono ga tlhora e e fa gare, kgotsa dome, go tlwaelegile mo sebopegong se se raraaneng sa thulano, koo matlapa a a fetogileng metsi a neng a gasega kwa godimo morago ga meteor fa e ntse e tsenelela mo godimo ga lefatshe. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a lefatshe mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a Free State (Kgaolo)]] 67iwz3sjy2q2qt3qnr05hedzglaxvrl 55085 55084 2026-09-19T21:39:18Z KatieKea 10150 ke okeditse tlhanolo le metswedi 55085 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Vredefort Crater, South Africa, OLI satellite image, 27 June 2018 cropped.png|thumb|Vredefort Dome (bogare), ka [[noka ya Vaal]] e e kgabaganyang; e bonwa go tswa kwa lefaufaung ka [[Operational Land Imager]] mo [[Landsat 8]], Seetebosigo a le malastsi a masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2018]] '''Vredefort impact structure''' ke nngwe ya [[dibopego tse dikgolo tsa thulano]] mo Lefatsheng. Mogobe, o o saleng o onala, o fopholeditswe go nna dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a supa–makgolo a mararo (110–190 mi) go kgabaganya fa o ne o bopiwa,<ref>Huber, M. S.; Kovaleva, E.; Rae, A. S. P.; Tisato, N.; Gulick, S. P. S. (August 2023). [[doi:10.1029/2022JE007721|"Can Archean Impact Structures Be Discovered? A Case Study From Earth's Largest, Most Deeply Eroded Impact Structure"]]. ''Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets''. '''128''' (8) e2022JE007721. Bibcode:2023JGRE..12807721H. doi:10.1029/2022JE007721. hdl:20.500.11820/eefdc78e-ee46-446d-886f-2ab811603020. ISSN&#x20;2169-9097.</ref><ref name=":1">Allen, Natalie H.; Nakajima, Miki; Wünnemann, Kai; Helhoski, Søren; Trail, Dustin (2022). [[doi:10.1029/2022JE007186|"A Revision of the Formation Conditions of the Vredefort Crater"]]. ''Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets''. '''127''' (8) e2022JE007186. Bibcode:2022JGRE..12707186A. doi:10.1029/2022JE007186. S2CID&#x20;251449730</ref> phopholetso ya bofelo e akantsha gore mogobe wa ntlha o ne o le mogolo go feta [[mogobe wa Chicxulub]], mogobe o mogolo go gaisa o o sa senyegang thata mo Lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> Sebopego se se setseng, se se akaretsang lefika la motheo le le sa siamang, se mo kgaolong ya gompieno ya [[Foreistata|Foreisetata]] ya [[Aforika Borwa]]. E reeletswe ka toropo ya [[Vredefort]], gaufi le bogare jwa yone. Tlhatlogo ya bogareng ya sebopego e itsege jaaka Vredefort Dome, e e ka nnang dikilometara di le lekgolo–lekgolo le masome a mabedi (62–75 mi) ka bophara.<ref>Bisschoff, A.A., 1988. [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00382353_5881 The history and origin of the Vredefort Dome]. South African Journal of Science 84, 413–417.</ref> Sebopego sa thulano se ne sa bopiwa ka nako ya [[Motlha wa Paleoproterozoic]], dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.023 (± dimilione di le 4) tse di fetileng. E gareng ga dibopego tsa bogologolo tse di itsegeng tsa thulano mo Lefatsheng, morago ga [[Yarrabubba]] (dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.23)<ref>Erickson, Timmons M.; Kirkland, Christopher L.; Timms, Nicholas E.; Cavosie, Aaron J.; Davison, Thomas M. (21 January 2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6974607 "Precise radiometric age establishes Yarrabubba, Western Australia, as Earth's oldest recognised meteorite impact structure"]. ''[[:en:Nature_Communications|Nature Communications]]''. '''11''' (1): 300. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11..300E. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13985-7. ISSN&#x20;2041-1723. PMC&#x20;6974607. PMID&#x20;31964860.</ref> mme gongwe le [[Miralga]].<ref>Kirkland, Christopher L.; Johnson, Tim E.; Kaempf, Jonas; Ribeiro, Bruno V.; Zametzer, Andreas; Smithies, R. Hugh; McDonald, Brad (6 March 2025). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11885519 "A Paleoarchaean impact crater in the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia"]. ''Nature Communications''. '''16''' (1) 2224. Bibcode:2025NatCo..16.2224K. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-57558-3. ISSN&#x20;2041-1723. PMC&#x20;11885519. PMID&#x20;40050265.</ref> Tshimologo ya sebopego seno kwa ntle ga lefatshe e ne ya tlhongwa ka 1961 morago ga go bonwa ga [[dipale tse di thubegileng]] ke baithuta-lefatshe ba Amerika [[Robert S. Dietz]] le [[Robert B. Hargraves]], le fa go ne ga akanngwa gore se tla ama go tloga ka 1937 ke [[Claude C. Albritton]] le John D. Boon.<ref name=":2">Hargraves, R. B. (1961). [https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/aja10120750_1496 "Shatter cones in the rocks of the Vredefort ring"]. ''South African Journal of Geology''. '''64''' (1): 147–161. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/AJA10120750_1496|10520/AJA10120750_1496]].</ref> Ka 2005, Vredefort Dome e ne ya tsenngwa mo lenaaneng la [[Mafelo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] a [[UNESCO]] ka ntlha ya kgatlhego ya yone ya thutafatshe. == Popego == [[Setshwantsho:Map of Vredefort dome.jpg|thumb|Mmepe wa Aforika Borwa o o bontshang lefelo la Vredefort Dome, masalela a sebopego sa thulano sa dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.023. Sediko sa mola o o thaladitsweng, se se bophara jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo (190 mi), se tshwaya bogolo jwa mogogoro wa ntlhantlha.]] [[Setshwantsho:Aasvoelkop.jpg|thumb|Pono go tswa kwa godimo ga Aasvoëlkop mo bogareng jwa popego ya thulano ya Vredefort ka [[Noka ya Vaal]] le [[Venterskroon]] ka fa mojeng wa yone kwa morago]] Tshimologo ya thulano ya sebopego e ne ya tlhongwa ka 1961 ke lefelo la [[dipale tse di thubegileng]] ke baithuta-lefatshe ba Amerika [[Robert S. Dietz]] le [[Robert B. Hargraves]], morago ga go akanngwa ka 1937 ke [[Claude C. Albritton]] le John D. Boon.<ref name=":2" /> [[Asteroid]] e e neng ya itaya Vredefort e fopholediwa go nna nngwe ya tse dikgolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di kileng tsa itaya Lefatshe fa e sa le ka [[Hadean]] Eon dingwaga di ka nna dibilione di le nne tse di fetileng, kwa tshimologong go ne go akanngwa gore e ne e le bophara jwa dikilometara di ka nna lesome–lesome le botlhano (6.2–9.3 mi) ka maatla a go tsamaya a 4.32×10²³ [[joules]].<ref>McCarthy, Terence (2005). ''The Story of Earth & Life''. Struik Publishers. pp.&#x20;89–90, 102–107, 134–136. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-77007-148-3|978-1-77007-148-3]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/883592852 883592852]</ref><ref>Ivanov, Boris (2005). [https://www.academia.edu/48655102 "Numerical Modeling of the Largest Terrestrial Meteorite Craters"]. ''Solar System Research''. '''39''' (5): 381–409. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005SoSyR..39..381I 2005SoSyR..39..381I]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/S11208-005-0051-0|10.1007/S11208-005-0051-0]].</ref> Go tloga ka 2022, asteroid e ne e fopholediwa go nna magareng ga dikilometara di le 20 le 25 (12 le 16 mi) ka bophara, mme go fopholediwa gore e ne ya thulana ka lebelo le le tsepameng la dikilometara di le 15–25 ka motsotswana (34,000–56,000 mph) le mofuta wa maatla a ~2 J04-4. (~7.3×1023-1.60×1024 J mabapi le phopholetso e e fetileng ka ntlha ya 1.7-3.7), tshedimosetso e lebega e tsamaisana thata le bosupi jwa thutafatshe jo bo jaaka dikhounu tsa go thubega le diponagalo tsa go fetoga ga sebopego sa sebopego.[2][9] Sebopego sa ntlha sa thulano se fopholediwa go nna le molagare wa bonnye 170 km (110 mi), ka thulano e e amang popego ya letlapa la moamogedi le le di dikologileng mo kgaolong e e sediko e e ka nnang 300 km (190 mi) ka molagare.[1] Diphopholetso tse dingwe, go ya ka sekai sa dikhounu tsa go thubega kgotsa diponagalo tsa go fetoga ga sebopego sa sebopego, di beile molagare wa mogogoro wa ntlha gaufi le 300 km (190 mi).[2] Naga e gogolegile go ya kwa boteng jo bo ka nnang 7–11 km (4.3–6.8 mi) fa e sale e bopiwa, go phimola mogogoro wa ntlha. Sebopego se se setseng, "Vredefort Dome", se na le mogala o o sa felelang wa dithota tse di bophara jwa 70 km (43 mi) ka bophara, mme ke masalela a tlhatlogo e e fa gare e e tlhodilweng ke go boela morago ga letlapa ka fa tlase ga lefelo la thulano morago ga thulano.[1] Diphopholetso di beile dingwaga tsa sebopego go nna dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.023 (± dingwaga di le dimilione di le 4)[10] kgotsa dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.019/2.020 (± dingwaga di le dimilione di le 2-3),[11] se se e beyang mo Pakeng ya Orosirian ya Motlha wa Paleoproterozoic. E gareng ga dibopego tsa bogologolo tse di amogelwang lefatshe ka bophara tsa thulano mo Lefatsheng. Fa go bapisiwa, e ka nna 10% ya bogologolo go feta thulano ya Sudbury Basin (ka dingwaga di le dibilione di le 1.849) mme popego ya thulano ya Yarrabubba e bogologolo go feta popego ya thulano ya Vredefort ka bokana ka 10%.[12] Dibopeho tse ding tse ho thweng tsa kgale tsa tshusumetso di na le dilemo tse sa thibelwang hantle (sebopeho sa tshusumetso sa Dhala, India)[13] kapa bopaki ba tshusumetso bo ngangisanang haholo tabeng ya sebopeho sa Maniitsoq sa dilemo tse ka bang dibilione tse 3.023, West Greenland[14] le sebopeho sa Suavjärvi sa dilemo tse ka bang dibilione tse 2.4, Russia[1]. Go aroganngwa ga tsone jaaka dibopego tsa tshusumetso go sa ntse go tsosa kganetsano e bile go sa rarabololwa.[12][16] Dome e e mo gare ga popego ya thulano e ne e akanngwa kwa tshimologong gore e ne ya bopiwa ke go thunya ga lekgwamolelo, mme mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990, bosupi bo ne jwa senola gore e ne e le lefelo la thulano e kgolo ya asteroid, masalela a go tlhatloga ga bogareng kgotsa go boela morago go go tlwaelegileng mo dithulanong tse dikgolo, jaaka telltale shatter River near the Va by ned dikhounu di ne di le teng. Dikhounu tsa go thubega di fitlhelwa go fitlha go ~90 km le diponagalo tsa go fetoga ga Planar mo quartz go fitlha go ~45 km, fa breccia e fitlha go ~150 km. Dikgala tse di botlhokwa thata go fopholetsa bogolo jwa mogogoro magareng ga 250-300 km ka selekanyo se se rileng sa go ikanyega.[2] Sebopego seno sa thulano ke sengwe sa dibopego di le mmalwa tsa thulano tse di nang le dipalamonwana tse dintsi mo Lefatsheng, le fa di tlwaelegile thata gongwe le gongwe mo Thulaganyong ya Letsatsi. Gongwe sekai se se itsegeng thata ke sa mogogoro wa Valhalla o o mo ngweding wa Jupiter o o bidiwang Callisto. Ngwedi wa Lefatshe o na le tse dingwe gape. Dithulaganyo tsa thutafatshe, tse di jaaka kgogolego le dipolata tsa tectonics, di sentse bontsi jwa dibopego tsa thulano ya diring tse dintsi mo Lefatsheng. Thulano e ne ya sokamisa Witwatersrand Basin e e neng ya bewa mo pakeng ya dingwaga di le dimilione di le 250 magareng ga dingwaga di le dimilione di le 950 le 700 pele ga thulano ya Vredefort. Di-lava tsa Ventersdorp tse di neng di le kwa godimo le Transvaal Supergroup tse di neng tsa bewa fa fatshe magareng ga dingwaga di le dimilione di le 700 le 80 pele ga go thulana ga meteorite, di ne tsa sokamisiwa ka tsela e e tshwanang ke go bopega ga popego ya thulano ya bophara jwa dikilometara di le 300 (190 mi).[7][17] Matlapa a bopa diring tse di tseneletseng tse di sa felelang go dikologa bogare jwa popego ya thulano gompieno, ka tsa bogologolo, matlapa a Witwatersrand, a bopa semicircle 25 km (16 mi) go tswa mo bogareng. Ka ge matlapa a Witwatersrand a na le dikarolo di le mmalwa tsa matlakala a a thata thata, a a kgonang go emelana le kgogolego (sekao, di-quarzite le matlapa a tshipi a a nang le dithapo),[7][18] a bopa arc e e bonalang ya dithota e e ka bonwang kwa bokonebophirima jwa bogare jwa popego ya thulano mo setshwantshong sa sathalaete se se fa godimo. Matlapa a Witwatersrand a latelwa, ka tatelano, ke di-lava tsa Ventersdorp sekgala se se ka nnang 35 km (22 mi) go tswa kwa bogareng, le Setlhopha se segolo sa Transvaal, se se nang le lebanta le le tshesane la matlapa a Ghaap Dolomite le Setlhophapotlana sa matlapa sa Pretoria, tse mmogo di bopang lebanta la 25-kilometer19000. go feta foo.[19] Go tloga mo e ka nnang mo bogareng jwa Setlhotshwana sa Pretoria sa matlapa go dikologa bogare jwa popego ya thulano, tatelano ya matlapa e a busediwa morago. Fa go tsamaela kwa ntle go ya kwa molelwane wa mogogoro o neng o le teng, setlhopha sa Ghaap Dolomite se tlhagelela gape ka 60 km (37 mi) go tswa kwa bogareng, se latelwa ke areke ya di-lava tsa Ventersdorp, go feta fao, fa gare ga 80 le 120 km (50 le 75 mi) e bopileng matlapa a a kopaneng go tswa kwa bogareng jwa Witwacimerd ditlhagelelo gompieno. Setlhopha sa Johannesburg ke sone se se tumileng thata ka gonne ke fa go bonweng gauta ka 1886.[7][19] Ka jalo go a kgonega gore fa e ne e se ka tshusumetso ya Vredefort gauta e e ka bo e sa ribololwa. Bogare jwa bophara jwa dikilometara di le 40 (25 mi) jwa popego ya thulano ya Vredefort bo na le dome ya granite (mo e sa khurumediwang ke matlapa a mannye thata a a leng a Karoo Supergroup) e e leng karolo e e tlhagelelang ya craton ya Kaapvaal, nngwe ya dikontinente tse dinnye tsa bogologolo tse di bopilweng mo Lefatsheng dingwaga di le dibilione di le 3.9 tse di fetileng. Go tlhatloga gono ga tlhora e e fa gare, kgotsa dome, go tlwaelegile mo sebopegong se se raraaneng sa thulano, koo matlapa a a fetogileng metsi a neng a gasega kwa godimo morago ga meteor fa e ntse e tsenelela mo godimo ga lefatshe. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a lefatshe mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a Free State (Kgaolo)]] 7miqndab6ne0lny3c0qmnhgn1e650w9 55086 55085 2026-09-19T21:41:36Z KatieKea 10150 /* Popego */ ke tsentse dilink le metswedi 55086 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Vredefort Crater, South Africa, OLI satellite image, 27 June 2018 cropped.png|thumb|Vredefort Dome (bogare), ka [[noka ya Vaal]] e e kgabaganyang; e bonwa go tswa kwa lefaufaung ka [[Operational Land Imager]] mo [[Landsat 8]], Seetebosigo a le malastsi a masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2018]] '''Vredefort impact structure''' ke nngwe ya [[dibopego tse dikgolo tsa thulano]] mo Lefatsheng. Mogobe, o o saleng o onala, o fopholeditswe go nna dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a supa–makgolo a mararo (110–190 mi) go kgabaganya fa o ne o bopiwa,<ref name=":3">Huber, M. S.; Kovaleva, E.; Rae, A. S. P.; Tisato, N.; Gulick, S. P. S. (August 2023). [[doi:10.1029/2022JE007721|"Can Archean Impact Structures Be Discovered? A Case Study From Earth's Largest, Most Deeply Eroded Impact Structure"]]. ''Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets''. '''128''' (8) e2022JE007721. Bibcode:2023JGRE..12807721H. doi:10.1029/2022JE007721. hdl:20.500.11820/eefdc78e-ee46-446d-886f-2ab811603020. ISSN&#x20;2169-9097.</ref><ref name=":1">Allen, Natalie H.; Nakajima, Miki; Wünnemann, Kai; Helhoski, Søren; Trail, Dustin (2022). [[doi:10.1029/2022JE007186|"A Revision of the Formation Conditions of the Vredefort Crater"]]. ''Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets''. '''127''' (8) e2022JE007186. Bibcode:2022JGRE..12707186A. doi:10.1029/2022JE007186. S2CID&#x20;251449730</ref> phopholetso ya bofelo e akantsha gore mogobe wa ntlha o ne o le mogolo go feta [[mogobe wa Chicxulub]], mogobe o mogolo go gaisa o o sa senyegang thata mo Lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> Sebopego se se setseng, se se akaretsang lefika la motheo le le sa siamang, se mo kgaolong ya gompieno ya [[Foreistata|Foreisetata]] ya [[Aforika Borwa]]. E reeletswe ka toropo ya [[Vredefort]], gaufi le bogare jwa yone. Tlhatlogo ya bogareng ya sebopego e itsege jaaka Vredefort Dome, e e ka nnang dikilometara di le lekgolo–lekgolo le masome a mabedi (62–75 mi) ka bophara.<ref>Bisschoff, A.A., 1988. [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00382353_5881 The history and origin of the Vredefort Dome]. South African Journal of Science 84, 413–417.</ref> Sebopego sa thulano se ne sa bopiwa ka nako ya [[Motlha wa Paleoproterozoic]], dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.023 (± dimilione di le 4) tse di fetileng. E gareng ga dibopego tsa bogologolo tse di itsegeng tsa thulano mo Lefatsheng, morago ga [[Yarrabubba]] (dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.23)<ref>Erickson, Timmons M.; Kirkland, Christopher L.; Timms, Nicholas E.; Cavosie, Aaron J.; Davison, Thomas M. (21 January 2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6974607 "Precise radiometric age establishes Yarrabubba, Western Australia, as Earth's oldest recognised meteorite impact structure"]. ''[[:en:Nature_Communications|Nature Communications]]''. '''11''' (1): 300. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11..300E. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13985-7. ISSN&#x20;2041-1723. PMC&#x20;6974607. PMID&#x20;31964860.</ref> mme gongwe le [[Miralga]].<ref>Kirkland, Christopher L.; Johnson, Tim E.; Kaempf, Jonas; Ribeiro, Bruno V.; Zametzer, Andreas; Smithies, R. Hugh; McDonald, Brad (6 March 2025). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11885519 "A Paleoarchaean impact crater in the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia"]. ''Nature Communications''. '''16''' (1) 2224. Bibcode:2025NatCo..16.2224K. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-57558-3. ISSN&#x20;2041-1723. PMC&#x20;11885519. PMID&#x20;40050265.</ref> Tshimologo ya sebopego seno kwa ntle ga lefatshe e ne ya tlhongwa ka 1961 morago ga go bonwa ga [[dipale tse di thubegileng]] ke baithuta-lefatshe ba Amerika [[Robert S. Dietz]] le [[Robert B. Hargraves]], le fa go ne ga akanngwa gore se tla ama go tloga ka 1937 ke [[Claude C. Albritton]] le John D. Boon.<ref name=":2">Hargraves, R. B. (1961). [https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/aja10120750_1496 "Shatter cones in the rocks of the Vredefort ring"]. ''South African Journal of Geology''. '''64''' (1): 147–161. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/AJA10120750_1496|10520/AJA10120750_1496]].</ref> Ka 2005, Vredefort Dome e ne ya tsenngwa mo lenaaneng la [[Mafelo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] a [[UNESCO]] ka ntlha ya kgatlhego ya yone ya thutafatshe. == Popego == [[Setshwantsho:Map of Vredefort dome.jpg|thumb|Mmepe wa Aforika Borwa o o bontshang lefelo la Vredefort Dome, masalela a sebopego sa thulano sa dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.023. Sediko sa mola o o thaladitsweng, se se bophara jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo (190 mi), se tshwaya bogolo jwa mogogoro wa ntlhantlha.]] [[Setshwantsho:Aasvoelkop.jpg|thumb|Pono go tswa kwa godimo ga Aasvoëlkop mo bogareng jwa popego ya thulano ya Vredefort ka [[Noka ya Vaal]] le [[Venterskroon]] ka fa mojeng wa yone kwa morago]] Tshimologo ya thulano ya sebopego e ne ya tlhongwa ka 1961 ke lefelo la [[dipale tse di thubegileng]] ke baithuta-lefatshe ba Amerika [[Robert S. Dietz]] le [[Robert B. Hargraves]], morago ga go akanngwa ka 1937 ke [[Claude C. Albritton]] le John D. Boon.<ref name=":2" /> [[Asteroid]] e e neng ya itaya Vredefort e fopholediwa go nna nngwe ya tse dikgolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di kileng tsa itaya Lefatshe fa e sa le ka [[Hadean]] Eon dingwaga di ka nna dibilione di le nne tse di fetileng, kwa tshimologong go ne go akanngwa gore e ne e le bophara jwa dikilometara di ka nna lesome–lesome le botlhano (6.2–9.3 mi) ka maatla a go tsamaya a 4.32×10²³ [[joules]].<ref>McCarthy, Terence (2005). ''The Story of Earth & Life''. Struik Publishers. pp.&#x20;89–90, 102–107, 134–136. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-77007-148-3|978-1-77007-148-3]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/883592852 883592852]</ref><ref>Ivanov, Boris (2005). [https://www.academia.edu/48655102 "Numerical Modeling of the Largest Terrestrial Meteorite Craters"]. ''Solar System Research''. '''39''' (5): 381–409. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005SoSyR..39..381I 2005SoSyR..39..381I]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/S11208-005-0051-0|10.1007/S11208-005-0051-0]].</ref> Go tloga ka 2022, asteroid e ne e fopholediwa go nna magareng ga dikilometara di le 20 le 25 (12 le 16 mi) ka bophara, mme go fopholediwa gore e ne ya thulana ka lebelo le le tsepameng la dikilometara di le lesome le botlhano–masome a mabedi le botlhano ka motsotswana (34,000–56,000 mph) le mofuta wa maatla a ~2 J04-4. (~7.3×1023-1.60×1024 J mabapi le phopholetso e e fetileng ka ntlha ya 1.7-3.7), tshedimosetso e lebega e tsamaisana thata le bosupi jwa thutafatshe jo bo jaaka dipale tsa go thubega le diponagalo tsa go fetoga ga sebopego sa sebopego.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Marchi, S.; Alexander, A.; Trowbridge, A.; Koeberl, C. (2024). [[doi:10.1029/2023EA003065|"Impact-Generated Permeability and Hydrothermal Circulation at the Vredefort Impact Structure, South Africa"]]. ''Earth and Space Science''. '''11''' (1) e2023EA003065. Bibcode:2024E&#x26;SS...1103065M. doi:10.1029/2023EA003065. ISSN&#x20;2333-5084</ref> Sebopego sa ntlha sa thulano se fopholediwa go nna le molagare wa bonnye 170 km (110 mi), ka thulano e e amang popego ya letlapa la moamogedi le le di dikologileng mo kgaolong e e sediko e e ka nnang 300 km (190 mi) ka molagare.<ref name=":3" /> Diphopholetso tse dingwe, go ya ka sekai sa dikhounu tsa go thubega kgotsa diponagalo tsa go fetoga ga sebopego sa sebopego, di beile molagare wa mogogoro wa ntlha gaufi le 300 km (190 mi).[2] Naga e gogolegile go ya kwa boteng jo bo ka nnang 7–11 km (4.3–6.8 mi) fa e sale e bopiwa, go phimola mogogoro wa ntlha. Sebopego se se setseng, "Vredefort Dome", se na le mogala o o sa felelang wa dithota tse di bophara jwa 70 km (43 mi) ka bophara, mme ke masalela a tlhatlogo e e fa gare e e tlhodilweng ke go boela morago ga letlapa ka fa tlase ga lefelo la thulano morago ga thulano.<ref name=":3" /> Diphopholetso di beile dingwaga tsa sebopego go nna dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.023 (± dingwaga di le dimilione di le 4)[10] kgotsa dingwaga di le dibilione di le 2.019/2.020 (± dingwaga di le dimilione di le 2-3),[11] se se e beyang mo Pakeng ya Orosirian ya Motlha wa Paleoproterozoic. E gareng ga dibopego tsa bogologolo tse di amogelwang lefatshe ka bophara tsa thulano mo Lefatsheng. Fa go bapisiwa, e ka nna 10% ya bogologolo go feta thulano ya Sudbury Basin (ka dingwaga di le dibilione di le 1.849) mme popego ya thulano ya Yarrabubba e bogologolo go feta popego ya thulano ya Vredefort ka bokana ka 10%.[12] Dibopeho tse ding tse ho thweng tsa kgale tsa tshusumetso di na le dilemo tse sa thibelwang hantle (sebopeho sa tshusumetso sa Dhala, India)[13] kapa bopaki ba tshusumetso bo ngangisanang haholo tabeng ya sebopeho sa Maniitsoq sa dilemo tse ka bang dibilione tse 3.023, West Greenland[14] le sebopeho sa Suavjärvi sa dilemo tse ka bang dibilione tse 2.4, Russia[1]. Go aroganngwa ga tsone jaaka dibopego tsa tshusumetso go sa ntse go tsosa kganetsano e bile go sa rarabololwa.[12][16] Dome e e mo gare ga popego ya thulano e ne e akanngwa kwa tshimologong gore e ne ya bopiwa ke go thunya ga lekgwamolelo, mme mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990, bosupi bo ne jwa senola gore e ne e le lefelo la thulano e kgolo ya asteroid, masalela a go tlhatloga ga bogareng kgotsa go boela morago go go tlwaelegileng mo dithulanong tse dikgolo, jaaka telltale shatter River near the Va by ned dikhounu di ne di le teng. Dikhounu tsa go thubega di fitlhelwa go fitlha go ~90 km le diponagalo tsa go fetoga ga Planar mo quartz go fitlha go ~45 km, fa breccia e fitlha go ~150 km. Dikgala tse di botlhokwa thata go fopholetsa bogolo jwa mogogoro magareng ga 250-300 km ka selekanyo se se rileng sa go ikanyega.[2] Sebopego seno sa thulano ke sengwe sa dibopego di le mmalwa tsa thulano tse di nang le dipalamonwana tse dintsi mo Lefatsheng, le fa di tlwaelegile thata gongwe le gongwe mo Thulaganyong ya Letsatsi. Gongwe sekai se se itsegeng thata ke sa mogogoro wa Valhalla o o mo ngweding wa Jupiter o o bidiwang Callisto. Ngwedi wa Lefatshe o na le tse dingwe gape. Dithulaganyo tsa thutafatshe, tse di jaaka kgogolego le dipolata tsa tectonics, di sentse bontsi jwa dibopego tsa thulano ya diring tse dintsi mo Lefatsheng. Thulano e ne ya sokamisa Witwatersrand Basin e e neng ya bewa mo pakeng ya dingwaga di le dimilione di le 250 magareng ga dingwaga di le dimilione di le 950 le 700 pele ga thulano ya Vredefort. Di-lava tsa Ventersdorp tse di neng di le kwa godimo le Transvaal Supergroup tse di neng tsa bewa fa fatshe magareng ga dingwaga di le dimilione di le 700 le 80 pele ga go thulana ga meteorite, di ne tsa sokamisiwa ka tsela e e tshwanang ke go bopega ga popego ya thulano ya bophara jwa dikilometara di le 300 (190 mi).[7][17] Matlapa a bopa diring tse di tseneletseng tse di sa felelang go dikologa bogare jwa popego ya thulano gompieno, ka tsa bogologolo, matlapa a Witwatersrand, a bopa semicircle 25 km (16 mi) go tswa mo bogareng. Ka ge matlapa a Witwatersrand a na le dikarolo di le mmalwa tsa matlakala a a thata thata, a a kgonang go emelana le kgogolego (sekao, di-quarzite le matlapa a tshipi a a nang le dithapo),[7][18] a bopa arc e e bonalang ya dithota e e ka bonwang kwa bokonebophirima jwa bogare jwa popego ya thulano mo setshwantshong sa sathalaete se se fa godimo. Matlapa a Witwatersrand a latelwa, ka tatelano, ke di-lava tsa Ventersdorp sekgala se se ka nnang 35 km (22 mi) go tswa kwa bogareng, le Setlhopha se segolo sa Transvaal, se se nang le lebanta le le tshesane la matlapa a Ghaap Dolomite le Setlhophapotlana sa matlapa sa Pretoria, tse mmogo di bopang lebanta la 25-kilometer19000. go feta foo.[19] Go tloga mo e ka nnang mo bogareng jwa Setlhotshwana sa Pretoria sa matlapa go dikologa bogare jwa popego ya thulano, tatelano ya matlapa e a busediwa morago. Fa go tsamaela kwa ntle go ya kwa molelwane wa mogogoro o neng o le teng, setlhopha sa Ghaap Dolomite se tlhagelela gape ka 60 km (37 mi) go tswa kwa bogareng, se latelwa ke areke ya di-lava tsa Ventersdorp, go feta fao, fa gare ga 80 le 120 km (50 le 75 mi) e bopileng matlapa a a kopaneng go tswa kwa bogareng jwa Witwacimerd ditlhagelelo gompieno. Setlhopha sa Johannesburg ke sone se se tumileng thata ka gonne ke fa go bonweng gauta ka 1886.[7][19] Ka jalo go a kgonega gore fa e ne e se ka tshusumetso ya Vredefort gauta e e ka bo e sa ribololwa. Bogare jwa bophara jwa dikilometara di le 40 (25 mi) jwa popego ya thulano ya Vredefort bo na le dome ya granite (mo e sa khurumediwang ke matlapa a mannye thata a a leng a Karoo Supergroup) e e leng karolo e e tlhagelelang ya craton ya Kaapvaal, nngwe ya dikontinente tse dinnye tsa bogologolo tse di bopilweng mo Lefatsheng dingwaga di le dibilione di le 3.9 tse di fetileng. Go tlhatloga gono ga tlhora e e fa gare, kgotsa dome, go tlwaelegile mo sebopegong se se raraaneng sa thulano, koo matlapa a a fetogileng metsi a neng a gasega kwa godimo morago ga meteor fa e ntse e tsenelela mo godimo ga lefatshe. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a lefatshe mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a Free State (Kgaolo)]] lomswen0i19qprea44evejo0cf4cxwy 0 15139 55096 2026-09-20T06:13:34Z VNGao 10152 Ke simolotse tsebe e ncha 55096 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Emma_Amos_(actress)|Emma Amos]]'''( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a marataro le bone (1964) kwa [[:en:Borough_of_Newcastle-under-Lyme|Newcastle -under-Lyme]], [[:en:Staffordshire|Staffordshire]]) ke modiragatsi wa mme wa letso la se Ennyelane. One a diragatsa ele Yvonne Sparrow mo metseletseleng e meraro ee fetileng le mo setshwantshong se se kgethegilegile sa ngwaga wa ketepedi, lesome le borataro(2016) sa [[:en:Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)|''Goodnight Sweetheart'']], gammogo le Nicholas Lyndhurst, a ntsha jalo modiragatsi wa pele ebong Michelle Holmes, yoo a tshamikileng karolo e gotswa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro(1993) go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borataro(1996). Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992), one a diragatsa kana a tshameka karolo ya Sherbet Gravel mo setshwantshong se se tshamekwang mo seraleng sa ga Philip Ridley ebong The Fastest Clock in the Universe. mpv8j4j4g6wliz88h5n58kdbfc9hvwt 55102 55096 2026-09-20T06:59:44Z VNGao 10152 55102 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Emma_Amos_(actress)|Emma Amos]]'''( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a marataro le bone (1964) kwa [[:en:Borough_of_Newcastle-under-Lyme|Newcastle -under-Lyme]], [[:en:Staffordshire|Staffordshire]]) ke modiragatsi wa mme wa letso la se Ennyelane. One a diragatsa ele Yvonne Sparrow mo metseletseleng e meraro ee fetileng le mo setshwantshong se se kgethegilegile sa ngwaga wa ketepedi, lesome le borataro(2016) sa [[:en:Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)|''Goodnight Sweetheart'']], gammogo le [[:en:Nicholas_Lyndhurst|Nicholas Lyndhurst]], a ntsha jalo modiragatsi wa pele ebong [[:en:Michelle_Holmes|Michelle Holmes]], yoo a tshamikileng karolo e gotswa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro(1993) go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borataro(1996). Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992), one a diragatsa kana a tshameka karolo ya Sherbet Gravel mo setshwantshong se se tshamekwang mo seraleng sa ga [[:en:Philip_Ridley|Philip Ridley]] ebong [[:en:The_Fastest_Clock_in_the_Universe|The Fastest Clock in the Universe]]. pqznytuhtogl00f462yj21llrzcof3h 55103 55102 2026-09-20T07:03:41Z VNGao 10152 55103 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Emma_Amos_(actress)|Emma Amos]]'''( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a marataro le bone (1964) kwa [[:en:Borough_of_Newcastle-under-Lyme|Newcastle -under-Lyme]], [[:en:Staffordshire|Staffordshire]]) ke modiragatsi wa mme wa letso la se Ennyelane. One a diragatsa ele Yvonne Sparrow mo metseletseleng e meraro ee fetileng le mo setshwantshong se se kgethegilegile sa ngwaga wa ketepedi, lesome le borataro(2016) sa [[:en:Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)|''Goodnight Sweetheart'']], gammogo le [[:en:Nicholas_Lyndhurst|Nicholas Lyndhurst]], a ntsha jalo modiragatsi wa pele ebong [[:en:Michelle_Holmes|Michelle Holmes]], yoo a tshamikileng karolo e gotswa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro(1993) go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borataro(1996). Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992), one a diragatsa kana a tshameka karolo ya Sherbet Gravel mo setshwantshong se se tshamekwang mo seraleng sa ga [[:en:Philip_Ridley|Philip Ridley]] ebong [[:en:The_Fastest_Clock_in_the_Universe|The Fastest Clock in the Universe]]. == Botshelo == Emma Amos o ikatisitse kana o ithutetse bodiragatsi  kwa Royal College of Music go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi (1982) go tsena ka ngwaga wa  sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe.(1989), mme yare ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le motso(1991) a tsaa karolo mo baesekopong ya Borithane ya Buddy's son.  Se dirilwe jaaka sepalamelelo kana seitlotlometso mo goitsegaleng ga moopedi wa mmino wa pop ebong Chesney Hawkes, setshwantsho se sa motshikinyego sene se akaretsa  modiragatsi Roger Daltrey wa setlhopha sa mmino wa roko sa Who jaaka Terry ,yoo ene ele rraagwe Buddy. h5vjlojkxja9q1beqbczsq61vhxendn 55105 55103 2026-09-20T07:14:39Z VNGao 10152 55105 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Emma_Amos_(actress)|Emma Amos]]'''( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a marataro le bone (1964) kwa [[:en:Borough_of_Newcastle-under-Lyme|Newcastle -under-Lyme]], [[:en:Staffordshire|Staffordshire]]) ke modiragatsi wa mme wa letso la se Ennyelane. One a diragatsa ele Yvonne Sparrow mo metseletseleng e meraro ee fetileng le mo setshwantshong se se kgethegilegile sa ngwaga wa ketepedi, lesome le borataro(2016) sa [[:en:Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)|''Goodnight Sweetheart'']], gammogo le [[:en:Nicholas_Lyndhurst|Nicholas Lyndhurst]], a ntsha jalo modiragatsi wa pele ebong [[:en:Michelle_Holmes|Michelle Holmes]], yoo a tshamikileng karolo e gotswa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro(1993) go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe,le borataro(1996). Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992), one a diragatsa kana a tshameka karolo ya Sherbet Gravel mo setshwantshong se se tshamekwang mo seraleng sa ga [[:en:Philip_Ridley|Philip Ridley]] ebong [[:en:The_Fastest_Clock_in_the_Universe|The Fastest Clock in the Universe]]. == Botshelo == Emma Amos o ikatisitse kana o ithutetse bodiragatsi  kwa [[:en:Royal_College_of_Music|Royal College of Music]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi (1982) go tsena ka ngwaga wa  sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe.(1989), mme yare ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le motso(1991) a tsaa karolo mo baesekopong ya Borithane ya [[:en:Buddy's_Song_(film)|''Buddy's song'']].  Se dirilwe jaaka sepalamelelo kana seitlotlometso mo goitsegaleng ga moopedi wa mmino wa pop ebong [[:en:Chesney_Hawkes|Chesney Hawkes]], setshwantsho se sa motshikinyego sene se akaretsa  modiragatsi [[:en:Roger_Daltrey|Roger Daltrey]] wa setlhopha sa mmino wa roko sa [[:en:The_Who|''the Who'']] jaaka Terry ,yoo ene ele rraagwe Buddy. Amos ene one a tlhagelela jalo jaaka Dawn, ebong tsala ya ga Terry ya mme, mme o tlhageletse fela mo ditiragalong di tsena mo seatleng. Karolo ya ntlha ya ga Amos ene ele mo setshwantshong sa motshikinyego sa thelebishini ebong ‘Phoebe’ mo metseletseleng ya metshameko ya bana ya [[:en:Wizadora|Wizadora]]. O tshamikile mo dikarolong di robabobedi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le motso(1991) mo kgatisong ya Oxford pele ga motshameko motseletsele o otla o nopolwa ke ba ITV, mme Phoebe ya boa jalo ele mogala wa letheka ogo supiwang ka one mme ebile gape go agelwa. O tlhageletse mo karolwaneng ya setshwantsho se se tsereleng lebaka le leleele sa ''[[:en:Men_Behaving_Badly|Men Behaving Badly,]]'' a diragatsa jaaka Mandy, tsala ya mme ya mosadi yaga morwaraagwe Tony, mo karolwaneng ya "[[:en:List_of_Men_Behaving_Badly_episodes#ep12|People Behaving Irritatingly]]” lyvp6dktiswn7z6wg23niakz8816v6x 55106 55105 2026-09-20T07:20:35Z VNGao 10152 55106 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Emma_Amos_(actress)|Emma Amos]]'''( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a marataro le bone (1964) kwa [[:en:Borough_of_Newcastle-under-Lyme|Newcastle -under-Lyme]], [[:en:Staffordshire|Staffordshire]]) ke modiragatsi wa mme wa letso la se Ennyelane. One a diragatsa ele Yvonne Sparrow mo metseletseleng e meraro ee fetileng le mo setshwantshong se se kgethegilegile sa ngwaga wa ketepedi, lesome le borataro(2016) sa [[:en:Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)|''Goodnight Sweetheart'']], gammogo le [[:en:Nicholas_Lyndhurst|Nicholas Lyndhurst]], a ntsha jalo modiragatsi wa pele ebong [[:en:Michelle_Holmes|Michelle Holmes]], yoo a tshamikileng karolo e gotswa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro(1993) go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe,le borataro(1996). Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992), one a diragatsa kana a tshameka karolo ya Sherbet Gravel mo setshwantshong se se tshamekwang mo seraleng sa ga [[:en:Philip_Ridley|Philip Ridley]] ebong [[:en:The_Fastest_Clock_in_the_Universe|The Fastest Clock in the Universe]]. == Botshelo == Emma Amos o ikatisitse kana o ithutetse bodiragatsi  kwa [[:en:Royal_College_of_Music|Royal College of Music]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi (1982) go tsena ka ngwaga wa  sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe.(1989), mme yare ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le motso(1991) a tsaa karolo mo baesekopong ya Borithane ya [[:en:Buddy's_Song_(film)|''Buddy's song'']].  Se dirilwe jaaka sepalamelelo kana seitlotlometso mo goitsegaleng ga moopedi wa mmino wa pop ebong [[:en:Chesney_Hawkes|Chesney Hawkes]], setshwantsho se sa motshikinyego sene se akaretsa  modiragatsi [[:en:Roger_Daltrey|Roger Daltrey]] wa setlhopha sa mmino wa roko sa [[:en:The_Who|''the Who'']] jaaka Terry ,yoo ene ele rraagwe Buddy. Amos ene one a tlhagelela jalo jaaka Dawn, ebong tsala ya ga Terry ya mme, mme o tlhageletse fela mo ditiragalong di tsena mo seatleng. Karolo ya ntlha ya ga Amos ene ele mo setshwantshong sa motshikinyego sa thelebishini ebong ‘Phoebe’ mo metseletseleng ya metshameko ya bana ya [[:en:Wizadora|Wizadora]]. O tshamikile mo dikarolong di robabobedi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le motso(1991) mo kgatisong ya Oxford pele ga motshameko motseletsele o otla o nopolwa ke ba ITV, mme Phoebe ya boa jalo ele mogala wa letheka ogo supiwang ka one mme ebile gape go agelwa. O tlhageletse mo karolwaneng ya setshwantsho se se tsereleng lebaka le leleele sa ''[[:en:Men_Behaving_Badly|Men Behaving Badly,]]'' a diragatsa jaaka Mandy, tsala ya mme ya mosadi yaga morwaraagwe Tony, mo karolwaneng ya "[[:en:List_of_Men_Behaving_Badly_episodes#ep12|People Behaving Irritatingly]]” Go latela go diragatsa kana go tshameka ga gagwe mo dikarolong tsa tlatso tse di farologaneng, Amos o tshamikile le [[:en:Nicholas_Lyndhurst|''Nicholas Lyndhurst'']] mo [[:en:Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)|''Goodnight Sweetheart'']]. Fa a ne a tsena jalo mo boemong jwa ga ga [[:en:Michelle_Holmes|Michelle Holmes]] mo bogareng jwa kgaso ya motshameko motseletsele wa borataro, Amos one a tsaa karolo ya 62b0vpf21i0bsg3fc333aq4zi37pe1t 55107 55106 2026-09-20T07:35:17Z VNGao 10152 55107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Emma_Amos_(actress)|Emma Amos]]'''( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a marataro le bone (1964) kwa [[:en:Borough_of_Newcastle-under-Lyme|Newcastle -under-Lyme]], [[:en:Staffordshire|Staffordshire]]) ke modiragatsi wa mme wa letso la se Ennyelane. One a diragatsa ele Yvonne Sparrow mo metseletseleng e meraro ee fetileng le mo setshwantshong se se kgethegilegile sa ngwaga wa ketepedi, lesome le borataro(2016) sa [[:en:Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)|''Goodnight Sweetheart'']], gammogo le [[:en:Nicholas_Lyndhurst|Nicholas Lyndhurst]], a ntsha jalo modiragatsi wa pele ebong [[:en:Michelle_Holmes|Michelle Holmes]], yoo a tshamikileng karolo e gotswa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro(1993) go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe,le borataro(1996). Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992), one a diragatsa kana a tshameka karolo ya Sherbet Gravel mo setshwantshong se se tshamekwang mo seraleng sa ga [[:en:Philip_Ridley|Philip Ridley]] ebong [[:en:The_Fastest_Clock_in_the_Universe|The Fastest Clock in the Universe]]. == Botshelo == Emma Amos o ikatisitse kana o ithutetse bodiragatsi  kwa [[:en:Royal_College_of_Music|Royal College of Music]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi (1982) go tsena ka ngwaga wa  sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe.(1989), mme yare ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le motso(1991) a tsaa karolo mo baesekopong ya Borithane ya [[:en:Buddy's_Song_(film)|''Buddy's song'']].  Se dirilwe jaaka sepalamelelo kana seitlotlometso mo goitsegaleng ga moopedi wa mmino wa pop ebong [[:en:Chesney_Hawkes|Chesney Hawkes]], setshwantsho se sa motshikinyego sene se akaretsa  modiragatsi [[:en:Roger_Daltrey|Roger Daltrey]] wa setlhopha sa mmino wa roko sa [[:en:The_Who|''the Who'']] jaaka Terry ,yoo ene ele rraagwe Buddy. Amos ene one a tlhagelela jalo jaaka Dawn, ebong tsala ya ga Terry ya mme, mme o tlhageletse fela mo ditiragalong di tsena mo seatleng. Karolo ya ntlha ya ga Amos ene ele mo setshwantshong sa motshikinyego sa thelebishini ebong ‘Phoebe’ mo metseletseleng ya metshameko ya bana ya [[:en:Wizadora|Wizadora]]. O tshamikile mo dikarolong di robabobedi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le motso(1991) mo kgatisong ya Oxford pele ga motshameko motseletsele o otla o nopolwa ke ba ITV, mme Phoebe ya boa jalo ele mogala wa letheka ogo supiwang ka one mme ebile gape go agelwa. O tlhageletse mo karolwaneng ya setshwantsho se se tsereleng lebaka le leleele sa ''[[:en:Men_Behaving_Badly|Men Behaving Badly,]]'' a diragatsa jaaka Mandy, tsala ya mme ya mosadi yaga morwaraagwe Tony, mo karolwaneng ya "[[:en:List_of_Men_Behaving_Badly_episodes#ep12|People Behaving Irritatingly]]” Go latela go diragatsa kana go tshameka ga gagwe mo dikarolong tsa tlatso tse di farologaneng, Amos o tshamikile le [[:en:Nicholas_Lyndhurst|''Nicholas Lyndhurst'']] mo [[:en:Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)|''Goodnight Sweetheart'']]. Fa a ne a tsena jalo mo boemong jwa ga ga [[:en:Michelle_Holmes|Michelle Holmes]] mo bogareng jwa kgaso ya motshameko motseletsele wa borataro, Amos one a tsaa karolo ya Yvonne yoo eleng mosadi wa motsamai Gary Sparrow, ngwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe. Go tsweng foo, Amos o tlhageletse mo ditshwantshong tsa thelebishini tsa Borithane tsa motshikinyego dile mokawana, di akaretsa [[:en:Casualty_(TV_series)|Casualty]], [[:en:A_Touch_of_Frost|''A Touch of Frost'']], [[:en:Peak_Practice|''Peak Practice'']], [[:en:Midsomer_Murders|''Midsomer Murders'']], [[:en:The_Bill|''The Bill'']], [[:en:My_Family|''My Family'']] le [[:en:Doctors_(2000_TV_series)|''Doctors'']]. O tlhageletse gape mo motshamekong wa Heartbeat, mo karolwaneng e a tshamikileng jaaka Anita Hudson mo karolwaneng ya “Little White Lies” lemo filiming kana tshupetsong ya [[:en:Vera_Drake|''Vera Drake'']] le [[:en:Bridget_Jones's_Diary_(film)|Bridget Jones’s Diary]]. Amos gape o diragaditse jaaka Julie Davies mo [[:en:The_Last_Detective|The Last Detective]]. 78jvi4c832t7lrxp0dqbldahubvl4rb 55108 55107 2026-09-20T07:42:38Z VNGao 10152 55108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Emma_Amos_(actress)|Emma Amos]]'''( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a marataro le bone (1964) kwa [[:en:Borough_of_Newcastle-under-Lyme|Newcastle -under-Lyme]], [[:en:Staffordshire|Staffordshire]]) ke modiragatsi wa mme wa letso la se Ennyelane. One a diragatsa ele Yvonne Sparrow mo metseletseleng e meraro ee fetileng le mo setshwantshong se se kgethegilegile sa ngwaga wa ketepedi, lesome le borataro(2016) sa [[:en:Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)|''Goodnight Sweetheart'']], gammogo le [[:en:Nicholas_Lyndhurst|Nicholas Lyndhurst]], a ntsha jalo modiragatsi wa pele ebong [[:en:Michelle_Holmes|Michelle Holmes]], yoo a tshamikileng karolo e gotswa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro(1993) go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe,le borataro(1996). Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992), one a diragatsa kana a tshameka karolo ya Sherbet Gravel mo setshwantshong se se tshamekwang mo seraleng sa ga [[:en:Philip_Ridley|Philip Ridley]] ebong [[:en:The_Fastest_Clock_in_the_Universe|The Fastest Clock in the Universe]]. == Botshelo == Emma Amos o ikatisitse kana o ithutetse bodiragatsi  kwa [[:en:Royal_College_of_Music|Royal College of Music]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi (1982) go tsena ka ngwaga wa  sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe.(1989), mme yare ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le motso(1991) a tsaa karolo mo baesekopong ya Borithane ya [[:en:Buddy's_Song_(film)|''Buddy's song'']].  Se dirilwe jaaka sepalamelelo kana seitlotlometso mo goitsegaleng ga moopedi wa mmino wa pop ebong [[:en:Chesney_Hawkes|Chesney Hawkes]], setshwantsho se sa motshikinyego sene se akaretsa  modiragatsi [[:en:Roger_Daltrey|Roger Daltrey]] wa setlhopha sa mmino wa roko sa [[:en:The_Who|''the Who'']] jaaka Terry ,yoo ene ele rraagwe Buddy. Amos ene one a tlhagelela jalo jaaka Dawn, ebong tsala ya ga Terry ya mme, mme o tlhageletse fela mo ditiragalong di tsena mo seatleng. Karolo ya ntlha ya ga Amos ene ele mo setshwantshong sa motshikinyego sa thelebishini ebong ‘Phoebe’ mo metseletseleng ya metshameko ya bana ya [[:en:Wizadora|Wizadora]]. O tshamikile mo dikarolong di robabobedi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le motso(1991) mo kgatisong ya Oxford pele ga motshameko motseletsele o otla o nopolwa ke ba ITV, mme Phoebe ya boa jalo ele mogala wa letheka ogo supiwang ka one mme ebile gape go agelwa. O tlhageletse mo karolwaneng ya setshwantsho se se tsereleng lebaka le leleele sa ''[[:en:Men_Behaving_Badly|Men Behaving Badly,]]'' a diragatsa jaaka Mandy, tsala ya mme ya mosadi yaga morwaraagwe Tony, mo karolwaneng ya "[[:en:List_of_Men_Behaving_Badly_episodes#ep12|People Behaving Irritatingly]]” Go latela go diragatsa kana go tshameka ga gagwe mo dikarolong tsa tlatso tse di farologaneng, Amos o tshamikile le [[:en:Nicholas_Lyndhurst|''Nicholas Lyndhurst'']] mo [[:en:Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)|''Goodnight Sweetheart'']]. Fa a ne a tsena jalo mo boemong jwa ga ga [[:en:Michelle_Holmes|Michelle Holmes]] mo bogareng jwa kgaso ya motshameko motseletsele wa borataro, Amos one a tsaa karolo ya Yvonne yoo eleng mosadi wa motsamai Gary Sparrow, ngwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe. Go tsweng foo, Amos o tlhageletse mo ditshwantshong tsa thelebishini tsa Borithane tsa motshikinyego dile mokawana, di akaretsa [[:en:Casualty_(TV_series)|Casualty]], [[:en:A_Touch_of_Frost|''A Touch of Frost'']], [[:en:Peak_Practice|''Peak Practice'']], [[:en:Midsomer_Murders|''Midsomer Murders'']], [[:en:The_Bill|''The Bill'']], [[:en:My_Family|''My Family'']] le [[:en:Doctors_(2000_TV_series)|''Doctors'']]. O tlhageletse gape mo motshamekong wa Heartbeat, mo karolwaneng e a tshamikileng jaaka Anita Hudson mo karolwaneng ya “Little White Lies” lemo filiming kana tshupetsong ya [[:en:Vera_Drake|''Vera Drake'']] le [[:en:Bridget_Jones's_Diary_(film)|Bridget Jones’s Diary]]. Amos gape o diragaditse jaaka Julie Davies mo [[:en:The_Last_Detective|The Last Detective]]. Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le borobabongwe (2009) kgwedi ya Hirikgong, one a tlhagelela mo thekiso papatso ya thelebishini ya Churchill Insurance TV. Mme ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le borataro gone ga begwa fa Amos ga mmogo le morwadie Esme Coy batla tlhagelela mo go kgethegilegile sebaka se sekhutshwane mo [[:en:Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)|Goodnight Sweetheart]]. Ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le bosupa,kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, Amos o tlhageletse mo [[:en:Chichester_Festival_Theatre|Chichester Festival Theatre]] eo eleng tlhamo ya [[:en:Sweet_Bird_of_Youth|Sweet Bird of Youth]] ya [[:en:Tennessee_Williams|Tennessee Williams]]. == Metswedi == ksqhzdmtks1f6j6sma4wi6ul59seea9 55109 55108 2026-09-20T07:57:22Z VNGao 10152 /* Metswedi */ 55109 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Emma_Amos_(actress)|Emma Amos]]'''( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a marataro le bone (1964)<ref>[https://www.freebmd.org.uk/noc/gate?return=%2Fcgi%2Finformation.pl%3Fcite%3DIOkc5Jfpq6nXwYFtTpUVBQ%26scan%3D1 Index entry". FreeBMD]. ONS. Retrieved 20 September 2026</ref> kwa [[:en:Borough_of_Newcastle-under-Lyme|Newcastle -under-Lyme]], [[:en:Staffordshire|Staffordshire]]) ke modiragatsi wa mme wa letso la se Ennyelane. One a diragatsa ele Yvonne Sparrow mo metseletseleng e meraro ee fetileng le mo setshwantshong se se kgethegilegile sa ngwaga wa ketepedi, lesome le borataro(2016) sa [[:en:Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)|''Goodnight Sweetheart'']], gammogo le [[:en:Nicholas_Lyndhurst|Nicholas Lyndhurst]], a ntsha jalo modiragatsi wa pele ebong [[:en:Michelle_Holmes|Michelle Holmes]], yoo a tshamikileng karolo e gotswa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro(1993) go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe,le borataro(1996). Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992), one a diragatsa kana a tshameka karolo ya Sherbet Gravel mo setshwantshong se se tshamekwang mo seraleng sa ga [[:en:Philip_Ridley|Philip Ridley]] ebong [[:en:The_Fastest_Clock_in_the_Universe|The Fastest Clock in the Universe]].<ref>Dorney, Kate; Gray, Frances (February 2013). Played in Britain: Modern Theatre in 100 Plays. Methuen Drama. p. 146. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1408164808|978-1408164808.]]</ref> == Botshelo == Emma Amos o ikatisitse kana o ithutetse bodiragatsi  kwa [[:en:Royal_College_of_Music|Royal College of Music]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi (1982) go tsena ka ngwaga wa  sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe.(1989), mme yare ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le motso(1991) a tsaa karolo mo baesekopong ya Borithane ya [[:en:Buddy's_Song_(film)|''Buddy's song'']].  Se dirilwe jaaka sepalamelelo kana seitlotlometso mo goitsegaleng ga moopedi wa mmino wa pop ebong [[:en:Chesney_Hawkes|Chesney Hawkes]], setshwantsho se sa motshikinyego sene se akaretsa  modiragatsi [[:en:Roger_Daltrey|Roger Daltrey]] wa setlhopha sa mmino wa roko sa [[:en:The_Who|''the Who'']] jaaka Terry ,yoo ene ele rraagwe Buddy. Amos ene one a tlhagelela jalo jaaka Dawn, ebong tsala ya ga Terry ya mme, mme o tlhageletse fela mo ditiragalong di tsena mo seatleng. Karolo ya ntlha ya ga Amos ene ele mo setshwantshong sa motshikinyego sa thelebishini ebong ‘Phoebe’ mo metseletseleng ya metshameko ya bana ya [[:en:Wizadora|Wizadora]]. O tshamikile mo dikarolong di robabobedi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le motso(1991) mo kgatisong ya Oxford pele ga motshameko motseletsele o otla o nopolwa ke ba ITV, mme Phoebe ya boa jalo ele mogala wa letheka ogo supiwang ka one mme ebile gape go agelwa. O tlhageletse mo karolwaneng ya setshwantsho se se tsereleng lebaka le leleele sa ''[[:en:Men_Behaving_Badly|Men Behaving Badly,]]'' a diragatsa jaaka Mandy, tsala ya mme ya mosadi yaga morwaraagwe Tony, mo karolwaneng ya "[[:en:List_of_Men_Behaving_Badly_episodes#ep12|People Behaving Irritatingly]]” Go latela go diragatsa kana go tshameka ga gagwe mo dikarolong tsa tlatso tse di farologaneng, Amos o tshamikile le [[:en:Nicholas_Lyndhurst|''Nicholas Lyndhurst'']] mo [[:en:Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)|''Goodnight Sweetheart'']]. Fa a ne a tsena jalo mo boemong jwa ga ga [[:en:Michelle_Holmes|Michelle Holmes]] mo bogareng jwa kgaso ya motshameko motseletsele wa borataro, Amos one a tsaa karolo ya Yvonne yoo eleng mosadi wa motsamai Gary Sparrow, ngwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe. Go tsweng foo, Amos o tlhageletse mo ditshwantshong tsa thelebishini tsa Borithane tsa motshikinyego dile mokawana, di akaretsa [[:en:Casualty_(TV_series)|Casualty]], [[:en:A_Touch_of_Frost|''A Touch of Frost'']], [[:en:Peak_Practice|''Peak Practice'']], [[:en:Midsomer_Murders|''Midsomer Murders'']], [[:en:The_Bill|''The Bill'']], [[:en:My_Family|''My Family'']] le [[:en:Doctors_(2000_TV_series)|''Doctors'']]. O tlhageletse gape mo motshamekong wa Heartbeat, mo karolwaneng e a tshamikileng jaaka Anita Hudson mo karolwaneng ya “Little White Lies” lemo filiming kana tshupetsong ya [[:en:Vera_Drake|''Vera Drake'']] le [[:en:Bridget_Jones's_Diary_(film)|Bridget Jones’s Diary]]. Amos gape o diragaditse jaaka Julie Davies mo [[:en:The_Last_Detective|The Last Detective]]. Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le borobabongwe (2009) kgwedi ya Hirikgong, one a tlhagelela mo thekiso papatso ya thelebishini ya Churchill Insurance TV. Mme ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le borataro gone ga begwa fa Amos ga mmogo le morwadie Esme Coy batla tlhagelela mo go kgethegilegile sebaka se sekhutshwane mo [[:en:Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)|Goodnight Sweetheart]]. Ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le bosupa,kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, Amos o tlhageletse mo [[:en:Chichester_Festival_Theatre|Chichester Festival Theatre]] eo eleng tlhamo ya [[:en:Sweet_Bird_of_Youth|Sweet Bird of Youth]] ya [[:en:Tennessee_Williams|Tennessee Williams]].<ref>[https://www.cft.org.uk/news/full-casting-announced-for-sweet-bird-of-youth Full casting announced for Sweet Bird of Youth] Archived 28 September 2017 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], Chichester Festival Theatre. Accessed 2 May 2017</ref> == Metswedi == iifa698ug11usvosg9l5pcy9cgzfsy9 0 15140 55097 2026-09-20T06:41:14Z ~2026-50846-07 13189 Created page with "'''[[:en:Yolo_Akili|Michael Todd Robinson Jr]]'''.( O tshotswe kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le bone, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso(1981) , yoo a itsegeng ka leina la Yolo Akili, ke mmueledi wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, mmoki, mo sedila maikutlo gape  ke yoo a  tshwaraganyang  morafe lego rarabolola dikgang tse di amanang le botsogo jwa tlhaloganyo le maikutlo mo morafeng  o montsho. Ke mokwadi wa Dear Universe..." 55097 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Yolo_Akili|Michael Todd Robinson Jr]]'''.( O tshotswe kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le bone, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso(1981) , yoo a itsegeng ka leina la Yolo Akili, ke mmueledi wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, mmoki, mo sedila maikutlo gape  ke yoo a  tshwaraganyang  morafe lego rarabolola dikgang tse di amanang le botsogo jwa tlhaloganyo le maikutlo mo morafeng  o montsho. Ke mokwadi wa Dear Universe:Lekwalo la Tlhomamiso le Thotloetso<ref>"[https://thefeministwire.com/2013/05/the-universe-loves-you-dear-universe-letters-of-affirmation-and-empowerment-for-all-of-us-by-yolo-akili/ The Universe Loves You!: Dear Universe: Letters of Affirmation and Empowerment for All of Us by Yolo Akili – The Feminist Wire".] Retrieved 2026-09-20</ref><ref>Akili, Yolo (2013). Dear Universe: Letters of Affirmation and Empowerment for All of Us. Micheal Todd Books. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0615772141|978-0615772141.]]</ref>, gape ke mosimolodi ebile ke moeteledipele wa BEAM (Black Emotional and Mental Health Collective).<ref>[https://beam.community/about/team/ Yolo Akili Robison]". BEAM</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190724002600/https://ebanman.com/blog/author/eban/page/4/ Author Archive for: EBANMAN Author]". ''EbanMan''. Archived from [https://www.ebanman.com/blog/author/eban/page/4/ the original] on 2019-07-24. Retrieved 2026-09-20</ref> == Metswedi == bhseh5aybzpz0r75ezjc3ydkfsqz03c 55098 55097 2026-09-20T06:47:11Z VNGao 10152 55098 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Yolo_Akili|Michael Todd Robinson Jr]]'''.( O tshotswe kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le bone, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso(1981) , yoo a itsegeng ka leina la '''Yolo Akili''', ke mmueledi wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, mmoki, mo sedila maikutlo gape  ke yoo a  tshwaraganyang  morafe lego rarabolola dikgang tse di amanang le botsogo jwa tlhaloganyo le maikutlo mo morafeng  o montsho. Ke mokwadi wa Dear Universe:Lekwalo la Tlhomamiso le Thotloetso<ref>"[https://thefeministwire.com/2013/05/the-universe-loves-you-dear-universe-letters-of-affirmation-and-empowerment-for-all-of-us-by-yolo-akili/ The Universe Loves You!: Dear Universe: Letters of Affirmation and Empowerment for All of Us by Yolo Akili – The Feminist Wire".] Retrieved 2026-09-20</ref><ref>Akili, Yolo (2013). Dear Universe: Letters of Affirmation and Empowerment for All of Us. Micheal Todd Books. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0615772141|978-0615772141.]]</ref>, gape ke mosimolodi ebile ke moeteledipele wa '''BEAM''' (Black Emotional and Mental Health Collective).<ref>[https://beam.community/about/team/ Yolo Akili Robison]". BEAM</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190724002600/https://ebanman.com/blog/author/eban/page/4/ Author Archive for: EBANMAN Author]". ''EbanMan''. Archived from [https://www.ebanman.com/blog/author/eban/page/4/ the original] on 2019-07-24. Retrieved 2026-09-20</ref> == Metswedi == ao6yovylx5qyalx27agzwj3540r4il2 55100 55098 2026-09-20T06:53:15Z VNGao 10152 55100 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Yolo_Akili|Michael Todd Robinson Jr]]'''.( O tshotswe kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le bone, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso(1981) , yoo a itsegeng ka leina la '''Yolo Akili''', ke mmueledi wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, mmoki, mo sedila maikutlo gape  ke yoo a  tshwaraganyang  morafe lego rarabolola dikgang tse di amanang le botsogo jwa tlhaloganyo le maikutlo mo morafeng  o montsho. Ke mokwadi wa Dear Universe:Lekwalo la Tlhomamiso le Thotloetso<ref>"[https://thefeministwire.com/2013/05/the-universe-loves-you-dear-universe-letters-of-affirmation-and-empowerment-for-all-of-us-by-yolo-akili/ The Universe Loves You!: Dear Universe: Letters of Affirmation and Empowerment for All of Us by Yolo Akili – The Feminist Wire".] Retrieved 2026-09-20</ref><ref>Akili, Yolo (2013). Dear Universe: Letters of Affirmation and Empowerment for All of Us. Micheal Todd Books. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0615772141|978-0615772141.]]</ref>, gape ke mosimolodi ebile ke moeteledipele wa '''BEAM''' (Black Emotional and Mental Health Collective).<ref>[https://beam.community/about/team/ Yolo Akili Robison]". BEAM</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190724002600/https://ebanman.com/blog/author/eban/page/4/ Author Archive for: EBANMAN Author]". ''EbanMan''. Archived from [https://www.ebanman.com/blog/author/eban/page/4/ the original] on 2019-07-24. Retrieved 2026-09-20</ref> == Botshelo Pele le Dithutego == Morago ga go aloga ka digerata mo Women's and African American Studies, kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Georgia_State_University|Georgia State University]] Akili. Morago ga go aloga,one a simolola go bitswa ka leina la Yolo Akili. Mo digwageng morago ga go aloga one a bereka jaaka mo sidila maikutlo,mmoki le morutuntshi wa yoga. Mo pakeng kana nakong yone e, one a ntsha alebamo eo e tshwereng mafoko a poko a go iketla, a tshidilo maikutlo aa remeletseng mo go ikitseng ga bong ee bidiwang ‘'''Purple Galaxy’'''. == Metswedi == 1885956ke3imoc3o7r6talx0u9lx4qv 55101 55100 2026-09-20T06:55:44Z VNGao 10152 55101 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Yolo_Akili|Michael Todd Robinson Jr]]'''.( O tshotswe kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le bone, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso(1981) , yoo a itsegeng ka leina la '''Yolo Akili''', ke mmueledi wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, mmoki, mo sedila maikutlo gape  ke yoo a  tshwaraganyang  morafe lego rarabolola dikgang tse di amanang le botsogo jwa tlhaloganyo le maikutlo mo morafeng  o montsho. Ke mokwadi wa Dear Universe:Lekwalo la Tlhomamiso le Thotloetso<ref>"[https://thefeministwire.com/2013/05/the-universe-loves-you-dear-universe-letters-of-affirmation-and-empowerment-for-all-of-us-by-yolo-akili/ The Universe Loves You!: Dear Universe: Letters of Affirmation and Empowerment for All of Us by Yolo Akili – The Feminist Wire".] Retrieved 2026-09-20</ref><ref>Akili, Yolo (2013). Dear Universe: Letters of Affirmation and Empowerment for All of Us. Micheal Todd Books. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0615772141|978-0615772141.]]</ref>, gape ke mosimolodi ebile ke moeteledipele wa '''BEAM''' (Black Emotional and Mental Health Collective).<ref>[https://beam.community/about/team/ Yolo Akili Robison]". BEAM</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190724002600/https://ebanman.com/blog/author/eban/page/4/ Author Archive for: EBANMAN Author]". ''EbanMan''. Archived from [https://www.ebanman.com/blog/author/eban/page/4/ the original] on 2019-07-24. Retrieved 2026-09-20</ref> == Botshelo Pele le Dithutego == Morago ga go aloga ka digerata mo Women's and African American Studies, kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Georgia_State_University|Georgia State University]] Akili. Morago ga go aloga,one a simolola go bitswa ka leina la Yolo Akili. Mo digwageng morago ga go aloga one a bereka jaaka mo sidila maikutlo,mmoki le morutuntshi wa yoga. Mo pakeng kana nakong yone e, one a ntsha alebamo eo e tshwereng mafoko a poko a go iketla, a tshidilo maikutlo aa remeletseng mo go ikitseng ga bong ee bidiwang ‘'''Purple Galaxy’'''.<ref>[https://thegavoice.com/culture/yolo-akilis-poetry-transcends-sexual-identity/ Yolo Akili's poetry transcends sexual identity]". Georgia Voice - Gay & LGBT Atlanta News. 2010-04-30. Retrieved 2026-09-20.[permanent dead link]</ref> == Metswedi == 92be1tnqsr8liy3hrdbeumx1zi8qmsp 0 15141 55110 2026-09-20T08:07:51Z VNGao 10152 Created page with "'''[[:en:Petra_Allende|Petra Allende]]''' (a tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a mabedi go tsena kgwedi ya Moranang e rogwa ngwaga wa ketepedi le bobedi)(June 29, 1920 – April 1, 2002) ene ele mme wa letso la Puerto Rico yo o neng a bereka jaaka mokwaledi kwa madirelong a dithoto, mme gape a dira jaaka mmueledi wa batho ba [[:en:East_Harlem|El Barrio]] mo toropong ya New York. Ene yare ka..." 55110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Petra_Allende|Petra Allende]]''' (a tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a mabedi go tsena kgwedi ya Moranang e rogwa ngwaga wa ketepedi le bobedi)(June 29, 1920 – April 1, 2002) ene ele mme wa letso la Puerto Rico yo o neng a bereka jaaka mokwaledi kwa madirelong a dithoto, mme gape a dira jaaka mmueledi wa batho ba [[:en:East_Harlem|El Barrio]] mo toropong ya New York. Ene yare ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe, le masome a marataro(1960s) a simolola go lwa go ema kgatlhanong le molao oo neng ore batho go tlhopha fela baba iteilweng seatla. Ene yare ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa(1970s) a lwela gore bo mme ba ba amusang mme ebile ba bereka ba nne le ditlamelo tse di rileng kana tsedi maemo a botoka koo baka tlogelang bana ba bone teng faba ya tirong le go lwela tlhokomele ee botoka go batho ba ba kobo dikhutshwane kana batlhoki, fa ene yare ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi(1980) a simolola jaanong go itebaganya le go buelela bagodi kana bagolo. A ne a itsege jalo ka leina la La Alcaldesa del Barrio" (The Mayor of the Barrio [Spanish Harlem]), tsela ya [[:en:Manhattan|Manhattan]], East 111th Street koo aneng a nna teng, ene ya reelelwa ka leina la gagwe mme ya bitswa Petra Allende Way ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le bobedi (2012). stakemkswn2rk8g3jm15kro2mixfi70 55111 55110 2026-09-20T08:20:01Z VNGao 10152 55111 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Petra_Allende|Petra Allende]]''' (a tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a mabedi go tsena kgwedi ya Moranang e rogwa ngwaga wa ketepedi le bobedi)(June 29, 1920 – April 1, 2002) ene ele mme wa letso la Puerto Rico yo o neng a bereka jaaka mokwaledi kwa madirelong a dithoto, mme gape a dira jaaka mmueledi wa batho ba [[:en:East_Harlem|El Barrio]] mo toropong ya New York. Ene yare ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe, le masome a marataro(1960s) a simolola go lwa go ema kgatlhanong le molao oo neng ore batho go tlhopha fela baba iteilweng seatla. Ene yare ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa(1970s) a lwela gore bo mme ba ba amusang mme ebile ba bereka ba nne le ditlamelo tse di rileng kana tsedi maemo a botoka koo baka tlogelang bana ba bone teng faba ya tirong le go lwela tlhokomele ee botoka go batho ba ba kobo dikhutshwane kana batlhoki, fa ene yare ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi(1980) a simolola jaanong go itebaganya le go buelela bagodi kana bagolo. A ne a itsege jalo ka leina la La Alcaldesa del Barrio" (The Mayor of the Barrio [Spanish Harlem]), tsela ya [[:en:Manhattan|Manhattan]], East 111th Street koo aneng a nna teng, ene ya reelelwa ka leina la gagwe mme ya bitswa Petra Allende Way ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le bobedi (2012). == Botshelo Pele == Petra Allende-Rosario o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a mabedi , kwa [[:en:Old_San_Juan|Old San Juan]] , mo [[:en:Afro–Puerto_Ricans|Puerto Rico]], go mme Alejandrina Rosario le rre Justo Allende. Mmaagwe ene ele wa letso la [[:en:Mulatto|mulatto]] mme a bereke jaaka kwa go tlhatswiwang diaparo fa rraagwe ene ene ele wa letso la Afro-Puerto Rican, mme a bereka kwa dikepeng go thusa ka dithuto tsa bapalami. Batsadi ba ga mmaagwe ene ele mme Narcisa Coto le rre Demetrio Rosario mme kafa go rraagwe ele mme Saturnian Rivera le Cirilo Allende. Ene ele yo mongwe wa bana ba batlhano wa batsadi ba gagwe, mme one a fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe pele a tsena mo nyalong ee boitshepo le rre Santos Garay ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le bosupa, kgwedi ya Motsheganong ele masome mabedi le bone. Bane bana le ngwana wa mosimane,Juan… kqyebyh1gzeche8t785n2xr51ax4ez8 0 15142 55112 2026-09-20T08:33:57Z VNGao 10152 Created page with "'''[[:en:James_Blackwell_(educator)|James Heyward Blackwell]]''' ( o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e tlhola malatsi ale matlhano ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a marataro le bone, mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le bone , ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le motso, ene ele morutuntshi le rra kgwebo wa letso la Amerika. Ene ele ene motho montsho wa letso la Aforika -Amerika go dira jaaka mogokgo kwa Virginia,..." 55112 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:James_Blackwell_(educator)|James Heyward Blackwell]]''' ( o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e tlhola malatsi ale matlhano ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a marataro le bone, mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le bone , ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le motso, ene ele morutuntshi le rra kgwebo wa letso la Amerika. Ene ele ene motho montsho wa letso la Aforika -Amerika go dira jaaka mogokgo kwa Virginia, mme ebile a buletse batho ba letso lone le la Afrorika -Amerika ditlamo tse di mmalwa tse di berekang ka madi, mme ebile ditlamo tse pedi tsa Richmond neighborhood of Blackwell le J.H. Blackwell Elementary School di teeletswe ka ene a tlotlwa. 8j7pzu1j336c43vxhwhtds6pvdknd01 55113 55112 2026-09-20T08:38:27Z VNGao 10152 55113 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:James_Blackwell_(educator)|James Heyward Blackwell]]''' ( o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e tlhola malatsi ale matlhano ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a marataro le bone, mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le bone , ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le motso, ene ele morutuntshi le rra kgwebo wa letso la Amerika. Ene ele ene motho montsho wa letso la Aforika -Amerika go dira jaaka mogokgo kwa Virginia, mme ebile a buletse batho ba letso lone le la Afrorika -Amerika ditlamo tse di mmalwa tse di berekang ka madi, mme ebile ditlamo tse pedi tsa Richmond neighborhood of Blackwell le J.H. Blackwell Elementary School di teeletswe ka ene a tlotlwa. == Botshelo Jwa Pele le Dithutego == James Heyward Blackwell otshotswe mo di nakong tsa tshokolo ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa, kgwedi ya Tlhakole e tlhola malatsi ale matlhano, kwa Marion, Virginia, ele ene ngwana wa ntlha mo baneng bale bane. Mo ngwageng wa sekete , makgolo a robabobedi le bosupa, lelwapa la ga Blackwell la bo le setse le fudugetse kwa Manchester, gone mo Virginia. Lefa ntswa batsadi ba gagwe bane basa itewa seatla, bane rotloetsa Blackwell go dira dithuto tsa go ruta ba bangwe. Ene yare ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a supa le bobedi Blackwell one a simolola go rutuntshiwa ke Anthony Binga Jr. , yoo e neng ele ene morutuntshi wa letso la Afrorika -Amerika mo dikolong tsa ga goromente mo Manchester. ixdrvyt53cdhxqclkx4frqsbfso6xre 55115 55113 2026-09-20T08:47:47Z VNGao 10152 55115 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:James_Blackwell_(educator)|James Heyward Blackwell]]''' ( o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e tlhola malatsi ale matlhano ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a marataro le bone, mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le bone , ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le motso, ene ele morutuntshi le rra kgwebo wa letso la Amerika. Ene ele ene motho montsho wa letso la Aforika -Amerika go dira jaaka mogokgo kwa Virginia, mme ebile a buletse batho ba letso lone le la Afrorika -Amerika ditlamo tse di mmalwa tse di berekang ka madi, mme ebile ditlamo tse pedi tsa Richmond neighborhood of Blackwell le J.H. Blackwell Elementary School di teeletswe ka ene a tlotlwa. == Botshelo Jwa Pele le Dithutego == James Heyward Blackwell otshotswe mo di nakong tsa tshokolo ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa, kgwedi ya Tlhakole e tlhola malatsi ale matlhano, kwa Marion, Virginia, ele ene ngwana wa ntlha mo baneng bale bane. Mo ngwageng wa sekete , makgolo a robabobedi le bosupa, lelwapa la ga Blackwell la bo le setse le fudugetse kwa [[:en:Manchester,_Richmond,_Virginia|Manchester]], gone mo Virginia. Lefa ntswa batsadi ba gagwe bane basa itewa seatla, bane rotloetsa Blackwell go dira dithuto tsa go ruta ba bangwe. Ene yare ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a supa le bobedi Blackwell one a simolola go rutuntshiwa ke [[:en:Anthony_Binga_Jr.|Anthony Binga Jr]]. , yoo e neng ele ene morutuntshi wa letso la Aforika -Amerika mo dikolong tsa ga goromente mo Manchester. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi, Blackwell one a aloga mo sekolong sa [[:en:Richmond_Theological_Institute|Richmond Theological Institute]]. Morago one a ya go tsweledisa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa [[:en:Virginia_Union_University|Virginia Union University]] koo a neng aloga Ph.D mo dithutong tsa Bo Maitseanape gotswa mo [[:en:Princeton_University|Princeton University]] 2r82xz7xz74jlvnxupwe7z3akcj7sgd 0 15143 55120 2026-09-20T10:15:02Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367778978|Mbosso]]" 55120 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mbwana Yusuf Kilungi''' ( o tshotswe ka 3 Phalane 1995 <ref name="osoro" />  ), yo o itsegeng ka leina la gagwe la seema '''Mbosso Khan''', ke moopedi le mokwadi wa dipina wa kwa [[Tanzania]] yo o belegweng kwa Kibiti, [[Pwani Region]]. Ga jaana o nna kwa [[Dar es Salaam]] . <ref name="osoro">{{Cite web |last=Osoro |first=Yul Vincent |date=2021-03-01 |title=Mbosso bio: real name, wife, parents, house, cars, latest songs |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/404166-mbosso-bio-real-wife-parents-house-cars-latest-songs.html |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news. |language=en}}</ref>O itsege thata ka dipina tsa gagwe tsa "Nadekezwa" le "Hodari", tse di ileng tsa fenya Video of the Year kwa HiPipo Awards 2019.[ <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-17 |title=Mbosso wins 'Tanzania Video of the Year' award with 'Hodari' song |url=https://dailyactive.info/2019/03/17/mbosso-wins-tanzania-video-of-the-year-award-with-hodari-song/ |access-date=2020-11-11 |website=Daily Active |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Serem |first=Queen |date=2019-01-02 |title=Katoto hodari! Mbosso exclusively reveals secret to making hitsongs |url=https://mpasho.co.ke/katoto-hodari-mbosso-exclusively-reveals-secret-to-making-hit-songs/ |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=Mpasho News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mbosso o ne a golola alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya studio, Definition of Love, ka Mopitlo 2021. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jasper |first=Kevin |title=Mbosso – Definition of Love Album DOWNLOAD {{!}} NaijaVibes |url=https://www.naijavibes.com/album-ep/mbosso-definition-of-love-album/ |access-date=2021-04-17 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mbosso Announces New Album Release Date - News {{!}} Mdundo.com |url=https://mdundo.com/news/26683 |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=mdundo.com |language=en}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Mbosso o belegwe le go golela kwa Masai Boya, torotswana ya kwa Tanzania ka 3 Phalane 1995. Mmaagwe ke Hadija Salom Kikaali, mme rraagwe ke Yusufu Mbwana Kilungi.. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-14 |title=Mbossoo Biography, Girlfriend, Son, WCB, Car and Age |url=https://ralingo.com/mbosso-biography-girlfriend-son-wcb-car-and-age/ |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=RALINGO |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Mbosso o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya kopelo e le mongwe wa leloko la Yamoto Band fa gare ga 2013 le 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-21 |title=WCB's Mbosso reveals why Yamoto Band was scraped off |url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/mbosso-wcbs-mbosso-reveals-why-yamoto-band-was-scraped-off/p12tzvf |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=Pulse Kenya |language=en}}</ref> Ka nako eo leina la gagwe e ne e le "Maromboso". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kwach |first=Julie |date=2017-12-19 |title=Yamoto Band Members and Their Names |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/260876-yamoto-band-members-their-names.html |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news. |language=en}}</ref> Setlhopha se ne sa bidiwa setlhopha se se gaisitseng dingwe ka 2015 kwa Kilimanjaro Music Awards. Setlhopha seo se ne sa phatlalala ka 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwangesha |first=Mkala |title=Yamoto band splits up! Here are the issues behind the cold break-up |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/showbiz/2001247462/yamoto-band-splits-up-here-are-the-issues-behind-the-cold-break-up |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=Standard Entertainment and Lifestyle |language=en}}</ref> Ka 2018 Mbosso o ne a ikgolaganya le [[WCB Wasaf]]<nowiki/>i, <ref>{{Cite web |title=From Yamoto band to WCB: Mbosso |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/the-beat/from-yamoto-band-to-wcb-mbosso-2621904 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417102605/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/the-beat/from-yamoto-band-to-wcb-mbosso-2621904 |archive-date=April 17, 2021 |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref> kompone ya dikopelo e e e tlhamilweng ke [[Diamond Platnumz]] koo a neng a simolola gape tiro ya gagwe ya bodiragatsi e le mo ema nosi. A golola dipina a akaretsang "Maajabu", "Picha Yake", "Tamu" le "Tamba". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-30 |title=Mbosso releases new amorous single 'Tamba' {{!}} SoundcityTV Africa |url=https://soundcity.tv/music/mbosso-releases-new-amorous-single-tamba/ |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=SoundcityTV Africa {{!}} Powered by Music from South Africa, Bongo, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, UK, USA and across Soundcity Africa}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mbosso Is The Real Comeback Story! |url=https://lit360.africa/mbosso-is-the-real-comeback-story/ |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=Lit360 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka 2020, Mbosso o ne a fitlhelela babeeletsi ba le milione mo [[YouTube]], a nna mongwe wa baopedi ba bane ba Tanzania ba ba nang le babeeletsi ba feta milione. O ne a newa Sekgele sa Gauta sa YouTube. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mbosso hits 1 million subscribers on YouTube, awarded golden plaque |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/news/2001384173/mbosso-hits-1-million-subscribers-on-youtube-awarded-golden-plaque?amp=1}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-26 |title=WCB's Mbosso joins the millionaires club, receives the Golden Plaque (Photos) |url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/mbosso-joins-list-of-4-tanzanian-artistes-with-over-1-million-subscribers-photos/w8c1hvk |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=Pulse Kenya |language=en}}</ref> Ka 2021, Mbosso o ne a golola alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya studio, Definition of Love. <ref name=":0" /> E ne ya gololwa ka 9 Mopitlwe mme e ne e na le baopedi ba ba jaaka Diamond Platnumz, Njenje Band, Mr Flavour, Rayvanny, Liya, Darassa, Spice Diana le Baba Levo. . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-09 |title=MUSIC: Mbosso - Definition Of Love (ALBUM) |url=https://www.ghgossip.com/music-mbosso-definition-of-love-album/ |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=GhGossip |language=en-AU}}</ref> Mbosso o ne a ntsha EP ya gagwe ya ntlha ka Ngwanatsele 2022, e e bidiwang Khan, e e neng ya tlhalosiwa ke Peter Choge go tswa kwa Music In Africa jaaka kgobokanyo e ntle ya dipina tsa lorato tsa marato. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-16 |title=Tanzania's Mbosso releases Khan EP |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/tanzanias-mbosso-releases-khan-ep |access-date=2023-12-27 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> EP eno gape ke nngwe ya di-EP tsa kwa Tanzania tse di neng di tsamaisiwa thata mo [[Boomplay]], e na le go feta dimilione di le 50 tsa di-streams mo seraleng seno. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-20 |title=Khan EP By Mbosso Makes A New Record On Boomplay {{!}} East Africa |url=https://notjustok.com/eastafrica/news/khan-ep-boomplay-streams/ |access-date=2023-12-27 |website=Latest East African & Bongo Flava Music, Songs & Video - Notjustok |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka 2023, Mbosso o ne a nna mongwe wa bataki ba le mmalwa ba Tanzania ba ba neng ba tshwara melatswana e le dimilione di le 200 mo Boomplay. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-25 |title=Mbosso Collects 200 Million Streams On Boomplay {{!}} Notjustok East Africa |url=https://notjustok.com/eastafrica/news/mbosso-200-million-streams-boomplay/ |access-date=2023-12-27 |website=Latest East African & Bongo Flava Music, Songs & Video - Notjustok |language=en-US}}</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] 8mhl9hho521y69wizn6x80aeu2lniw2 0 15144 55121 2026-09-20T10:33:49Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372377767|Zari Hassan]]" 55121 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zarinah Hassan''' (o belegwe ka 23 Lwetse 1980), yo o itsegeng ka leina la '''Zari Hassan''', kana '''Zari the Boss Lady,''' ke motho wa maemo a a kwa godimo wa kwa Uganda, moopedi, mogwebi le motshameki wa difilimi. O nna kwa [[Afrika Borwa]].. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |date=25 May 2017 |title=Rich Gang's Ivan Semwanga dies |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Rich-Gang-Ivan-Semwanga-dies/812796-3941046-j5pw4qz/index.html |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Esther Mwaniki |date=13 February 2018 |title=Zari Hassan Still Making Boss Moves |url=https://www.varcity.co.ke/zari-hassan-still-making-boss-moves/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407121240/https://www.varcity.co.ke/zari-hassan-still-making-boss-moves/ |archive-date=7 April 2019 |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=Varcity Kenya}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2 June 2017 |title=Zari reveals her last moments with ex-husband, Ivan Semwanga |url=http://www.ugandaonline.net/201726_zari_speaks_out_on_cause_of_death |access-date=20 February 2018 |website=Ugandaonline.net}}</ref> Ke motlhami le Moeteledipele wa Brooklyn City College (BCC), <ref>{{Cite web |last=iWitness |date=2021-04-28 |title=Zari on Cloud 9 as Students graduate from her Brooklyn City College |url=https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/04/28/zari-on-cloud-9-as-students-graduate-from-her-brooklyn-city-college/ |access-date=2026-04-15 |website=Galaxy FM 100.2 |language=en-US}}</ref> setheo sa thuto se se leng mo Aforika Borwa. E a farologana e bile e gatela pele. O ne a thaya BCC le monna wa gagwe wa pele [[Ivan Semwanga]]. BCC e na le diofisi kgolo kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]], le tse dingwe kwa [[Polokwane]], [[Durban]], [[Johannesburg]], [[Nelspruit]], [[Vereeniging]] le [[Rustenburg]] . <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Musa Ssemwanga |date=6 June 2017 |title=Zari takes over as CEO of Ssemwanga's schools |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1454841/zari-takes-ceo-ssemwanga-schools |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=Bukejonah |date=6 January 2018 |title=Zari Hassan Stamps As The CEO Of The Late Ivan's Schools In SA |url=https://newslexpoint.com/zari-stamps-ceo-late-ivans-schools/ |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=Newslex Point |place=Naalya, Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="7R">{{Cite web |last=Dennis Milimo |date=27 April 2021 |title=Zari Hassan over the Moon as Students graduate from her Brooklyn City College, SA |url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/celebrities/zari-hassan-in-jubilation-as-students-graduate-from-her-brooklyn-city-college-sa/2nqkk35 |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=Pulselive Kenya}}</ref> == Kitso ka gagwe == Hassan o ne a boela kwa nageng ya gaabo ya Uganda ka 2004, morago ga dingwaga tse pedi kwa United Kingdom. Morago ga moo o ne a fudugela kwa Afrika Borwa, kwa a kopaneng le Ivan Semwanga mme a nyalana le ene. Ba ne ba nna le bana ba le bararo. <ref name="Seven">{{Cite web |date=26 May 2017 |title=Zari Hassan; The Definition of the Late Ivan Semwanga's Love Life |url=http://watchdoguganda.com/zari-hassan-the-definition-of-the-late-ivan-semwangas-love-life/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711212553/http://watchdoguganda.com/zari-hassan-the-definition-of-the-late-ivan-semwangas-love-life/ |archive-date=11 July 2018 |access-date=20 February 2018 |publisher=Watchdoguganda.com}}</ref> Ba ne ba kgaogana ka ngwaga wa 2013 morago ga gore Hassan a latofatse gore Semwanga o ne a mo betsa <ref name="Three">{{Cite web |last=Matiko |first=Thomas |date=26 May 2017 |title=The truth about Diamond, Zari and Ivan's relationship |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/showbiz/The-truth-about-the-Diamond-Zari-and-Ivans-relationship/1950810-3943428-uf7ltjz/index.html}}</ref> Ka Motsheganong 2017, Semwanga o ne a tshwarwa ke seterouku se segolo mme a robadiwa kwa [[Steve Biko Academic Hospital]] . <ref name="Four">{{Cite web |last=Kasoba |first=William |date=16 May 2016 |title=Zari in hospital, Juju her ex-hubby Ivan Ssemwanga who is in critical condition |url=http://matookerepublic.com/2017/05/16/zari-in-hospital-taking-care-of-ex-hubby-ivan-ssemwanga-who-is-in-critical-condition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519073023/http://matookerepublic.com/2017/05/16/zari-in-hospital-taking-care-of-ex-hubby-ivan-ssemwanga-who-is-in-critical-condition/ |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=20 February 2018 |publisher=Matookerepublic.om}}</ref> O tlhokafetse ka 25 Motsheganong 2017 <ref name="2R" /> mme a fitlhwa kwa Uganda. <ref name="Ten">{{Cite web |last=Wandera |first=Derrick |last2=Ssejjombwe |first2=Isaac |last3=Ogwal |first3=Lawrence |date=31 May 2017 |title=Hundreds bid farewell to Rich Gang's Semwanga |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Hundreds-bid-farewell-to-Rich-Gang-s-Semwanga/688334-3948724-f3iuv6z/index.html |access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref> Morago ga phitlho, Hassan o ne a boela kwa Aforika Borwa go ya go tsweledisa dikgwebo tsa gagwe le dingwe tsa dikgwebo tsa monna wa gagwe. <ref name="4R" /> O na le bana ba le babedi le motaki wa kwa Tanzania e bong [[Diamond Platnumz]] . <ref name="Aswani 2018">{{Cite web |last=Aswani |first=Nixon |date=2018-02-21 |title=Diamond Platnumz biography: facts you didn't know about the king of Wasafi |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/266426-diamond-platnumz-biography-facts-didnt-king-wasafi.html |access-date=2018-11-19 |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.}}</ref> <ref name="Mbuthia 2018">{{Cite web |last=Mbuthia |first=Geoffrey |date=2018-05-11 |title=Diamond denies rumours that Prince Nillan is not his son |url=https://mpasho.co.ke/diamond-denies-rumours-nillan-son/ |access-date=2018-11-19 |website=Mpasho News}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2023, Hassan o ne a nyala rakgwebo wa Mo-Uganda e bong Shakib Cham Lutaaya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyota |first=Caren |date=2023-10-05 |title="I do": Zari Hassan, Shakib walk down the aisle in glamorous wedding |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/entertainment/celebrities/523565-zari-hassan-husband-shakib-tie-knot-lavish-wedding-socialites-kids-steal-show/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news. |language=en}}</ref> * == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] 23zviggw7js7dchv7ar6j65tu1qokk0 55122 55121 2026-09-20T10:34:56Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Ke tsentse tsebe 55122 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Zari Hassan.jpg|thumb]] '''Zarinah Hassan''' (o belegwe ka 23 Lwetse 1980), yo o itsegeng ka leina la '''Zari Hassan''', kana '''Zari the Boss Lady,''' ke motho wa maemo a a kwa godimo wa kwa Uganda, moopedi, mogwebi le motshameki wa difilimi. O nna kwa [[Afrika Borwa]].. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |date=25 May 2017 |title=Rich Gang's Ivan Semwanga dies |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Rich-Gang-Ivan-Semwanga-dies/812796-3941046-j5pw4qz/index.html |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Esther Mwaniki |date=13 February 2018 |title=Zari Hassan Still Making Boss Moves |url=https://www.varcity.co.ke/zari-hassan-still-making-boss-moves/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407121240/https://www.varcity.co.ke/zari-hassan-still-making-boss-moves/ |archive-date=7 April 2019 |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=Varcity Kenya}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2 June 2017 |title=Zari reveals her last moments with ex-husband, Ivan Semwanga |url=http://www.ugandaonline.net/201726_zari_speaks_out_on_cause_of_death |access-date=20 February 2018 |website=Ugandaonline.net}}</ref> Ke motlhami le Moeteledipele wa Brooklyn City College (BCC), <ref>{{Cite web |last=iWitness |date=2021-04-28 |title=Zari on Cloud 9 as Students graduate from her Brooklyn City College |url=https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/04/28/zari-on-cloud-9-as-students-graduate-from-her-brooklyn-city-college/ |access-date=2026-04-15 |website=Galaxy FM 100.2 |language=en-US}}</ref> setheo sa thuto se se leng mo Aforika Borwa. E a farologana e bile e gatela pele. O ne a thaya BCC le monna wa gagwe wa pele [[Ivan Semwanga]]. BCC e na le diofisi kgolo kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]], le tse dingwe kwa [[Polokwane]], [[Durban]], [[Johannesburg]], [[Nelspruit]], [[Vereeniging]] le [[Rustenburg]] . <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Musa Ssemwanga |date=6 June 2017 |title=Zari takes over as CEO of Ssemwanga's schools |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1454841/zari-takes-ceo-ssemwanga-schools |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=Bukejonah |date=6 January 2018 |title=Zari Hassan Stamps As The CEO Of The Late Ivan's Schools In SA |url=https://newslexpoint.com/zari-stamps-ceo-late-ivans-schools/ |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=Newslex Point |place=Naalya, Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="7R">{{Cite web |last=Dennis Milimo |date=27 April 2021 |title=Zari Hassan over the Moon as Students graduate from her Brooklyn City College, SA |url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/celebrities/zari-hassan-in-jubilation-as-students-graduate-from-her-brooklyn-city-college-sa/2nqkk35 |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=Pulselive Kenya}}</ref> == Kitso ka gagwe == Hassan o ne a boela kwa nageng ya gaabo ya Uganda ka 2004, morago ga dingwaga tse pedi kwa United Kingdom. Morago ga moo o ne a fudugela kwa Afrika Borwa, kwa a kopaneng le Ivan Semwanga mme a nyalana le ene. Ba ne ba nna le bana ba le bararo. <ref name="Seven">{{Cite web |date=26 May 2017 |title=Zari Hassan; The Definition of the Late Ivan Semwanga's Love Life |url=http://watchdoguganda.com/zari-hassan-the-definition-of-the-late-ivan-semwangas-love-life/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711212553/http://watchdoguganda.com/zari-hassan-the-definition-of-the-late-ivan-semwangas-love-life/ |archive-date=11 July 2018 |access-date=20 February 2018 |publisher=Watchdoguganda.com}}</ref> Ba ne ba kgaogana ka ngwaga wa 2013 morago ga gore Hassan a latofatse gore Semwanga o ne a mo betsa <ref name="Three">{{Cite web |last=Matiko |first=Thomas |date=26 May 2017 |title=The truth about Diamond, Zari and Ivan's relationship |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/showbiz/The-truth-about-the-Diamond-Zari-and-Ivans-relationship/1950810-3943428-uf7ltjz/index.html}}</ref> Ka Motsheganong 2017, Semwanga o ne a tshwarwa ke seterouku se segolo mme a robadiwa kwa [[Steve Biko Academic Hospital]] . <ref name="Four">{{Cite web |last=Kasoba |first=William |date=16 May 2016 |title=Zari in hospital, Juju her ex-hubby Ivan Ssemwanga who is in critical condition |url=http://matookerepublic.com/2017/05/16/zari-in-hospital-taking-care-of-ex-hubby-ivan-ssemwanga-who-is-in-critical-condition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519073023/http://matookerepublic.com/2017/05/16/zari-in-hospital-taking-care-of-ex-hubby-ivan-ssemwanga-who-is-in-critical-condition/ |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=20 February 2018 |publisher=Matookerepublic.om}}</ref> O tlhokafetse ka 25 Motsheganong 2017 <ref name="2R" /> mme a fitlhwa kwa Uganda. <ref name="Ten">{{Cite web |last=Wandera |first=Derrick |last2=Ssejjombwe |first2=Isaac |last3=Ogwal |first3=Lawrence |date=31 May 2017 |title=Hundreds bid farewell to Rich Gang's Semwanga |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Hundreds-bid-farewell-to-Rich-Gang-s-Semwanga/688334-3948724-f3iuv6z/index.html |access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref> Morago ga phitlho, Hassan o ne a boela kwa Aforika Borwa go ya go tsweledisa dikgwebo tsa gagwe le dingwe tsa dikgwebo tsa monna wa gagwe. <ref name="4R" /> O na le bana ba le babedi le motaki wa kwa Tanzania e bong [[Diamond Platnumz]] . <ref name="Aswani 2018">{{Cite web |last=Aswani |first=Nixon |date=2018-02-21 |title=Diamond Platnumz biography: facts you didn't know about the king of Wasafi |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/266426-diamond-platnumz-biography-facts-didnt-king-wasafi.html |access-date=2018-11-19 |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.}}</ref> <ref name="Mbuthia 2018">{{Cite web |last=Mbuthia |first=Geoffrey |date=2018-05-11 |title=Diamond denies rumours that Prince Nillan is not his son |url=https://mpasho.co.ke/diamond-denies-rumours-nillan-son/ |access-date=2018-11-19 |website=Mpasho News}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2023, Hassan o ne a nyala rakgwebo wa Mo-Uganda e bong Shakib Cham Lutaaya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyota |first=Caren |date=2023-10-05 |title="I do": Zari Hassan, Shakib walk down the aisle in glamorous wedding |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/entertainment/celebrities/523565-zari-hassan-husband-shakib-tie-knot-lavish-wedding-socialites-kids-steal-show/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news. |language=en}}</ref> * == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] qqfipdqazdzsrx1or952cu2nrxmwjet 55123 55122 2026-09-20T10:37:19Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 55123 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Zari Hassan.jpg|thumb]] '''Zarinah Hassan''' (o belegwe ka 23 Lwetse 1980), yo o itsegeng ka leina la '''Zari Hassan''', kana '''Zari the Boss Lady,''' ke motho wa maemo a a kwa godimo wa kwa Uganda, moopedi, mogwebi le motshameki wa difilimi. O nna kwa [[Afrika Borwa]].. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |date=25 May 2017 |title=Rich Gang's Ivan Semwanga dies |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Rich-Gang-Ivan-Semwanga-dies/812796-3941046-j5pw4qz/index.html |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Esther Mwaniki |date=13 February 2018 |title=Zari Hassan Still Making Boss Moves |url=https://www.varcity.co.ke/zari-hassan-still-making-boss-moves/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407121240/https://www.varcity.co.ke/zari-hassan-still-making-boss-moves/ |archive-date=7 April 2019 |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=Varcity Kenya}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2 June 2017 |title=Zari reveals her last moments with ex-husband, Ivan Semwanga |url=http://www.ugandaonline.net/201726_zari_speaks_out_on_cause_of_death |access-date=20 February 2018 |website=Ugandaonline.net}}</ref> Ke motlhami le Moeteledipele wa Brooklyn City College (BCC), <ref>{{Cite web |last=iWitness |date=2021-04-28 |title=Zari on Cloud 9 as Students graduate from her Brooklyn City College |url=https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/04/28/zari-on-cloud-9-as-students-graduate-from-her-brooklyn-city-college/ |access-date=2026-04-15 |website=Galaxy FM 100.2 |language=en-US}}</ref> setheo sa thuto se se leng mo Aforika Borwa. E a farologana e bile e gatela pele. O ne a thaya BCC le monna wa gagwe wa pele [[Ivan Semwanga]]. BCC e na le diofisi kgolo kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]], le tse dingwe kwa [[Polokwane]], [[Durban]], [[Johannesburg]], [[Nelspruit]], [[Vereeniging]] le [[Rustenburg]] . <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Musa Ssemwanga |date=6 June 2017 |title=Zari takes over as CEO of Ssemwanga's schools |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1454841/zari-takes-ceo-ssemwanga-schools |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=Bukejonah |date=6 January 2018 |title=Zari Hassan Stamps As The CEO Of The Late Ivan's Schools In SA |url=https://newslexpoint.com/zari-stamps-ceo-late-ivans-schools/ |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=Newslex Point |place=Naalya, Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="7R">{{Cite web |last=Dennis Milimo |date=27 April 2021 |title=Zari Hassan over the Moon as Students graduate from her Brooklyn City College, SA |url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/celebrities/zari-hassan-in-jubilation-as-students-graduate-from-her-brooklyn-city-college-sa/2nqkk35 |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=Pulselive Kenya}}</ref> == Kitso ka gagwe == Hassan o ne a boela kwa nageng ya gaabo ya Uganda ka 2004, morago ga dingwaga tse pedi kwa United Kingdom. Morago ga moo o ne a fudugela kwa Afrika Borwa, kwa a kopaneng le Ivan Semwanga mme a nyalana le ene. Ba ne ba nna le bana ba le bararo. <ref name="Seven">{{Cite web |date=26 May 2017 |title=Zari Hassan; The Definition of the Late Ivan Semwanga's Love Life |url=http://watchdoguganda.com/zari-hassan-the-definition-of-the-late-ivan-semwangas-love-life/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711212553/http://watchdoguganda.com/zari-hassan-the-definition-of-the-late-ivan-semwangas-love-life/ |archive-date=11 July 2018 |access-date=20 February 2018 |publisher=Watchdoguganda.com}}</ref> Ba ne ba kgaogana ka ngwaga wa 2013 morago ga gore Hassan a latofatse gore Semwanga o ne a mo betsa <ref name="Three">{{Cite web |last=Matiko |first=Thomas |date=26 May 2017 |title=The truth about Diamond, Zari and Ivan's relationship |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/showbiz/The-truth-about-the-Diamond-Zari-and-Ivans-relationship/1950810-3943428-uf7ltjz/index.html}}</ref> Ka Motsheganong 2017, Semwanga o ne a tshwarwa ke seterouku se segolo mme a robadiwa kwa [[Steve Biko Academic Hospital]] . <ref name="Four">{{Cite web |last=Kasoba |first=William |date=16 May 2016 |title=Zari in hospital, Juju her ex-hubby Ivan Ssemwanga who is in critical condition |url=http://matookerepublic.com/2017/05/16/zari-in-hospital-taking-care-of-ex-hubby-ivan-ssemwanga-who-is-in-critical-condition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519073023/http://matookerepublic.com/2017/05/16/zari-in-hospital-taking-care-of-ex-hubby-ivan-ssemwanga-who-is-in-critical-condition/ |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=20 February 2018 |publisher=Matookerepublic.om}}</ref> O tlhokafetse ka 25 Motsheganong 2017 <ref name="2R" /> mme a fitlhwa kwa Uganda. <ref name="Ten">{{Cite web |last=Wandera |first=Derrick |last2=Ssejjombwe |first2=Isaac |last3=Ogwal |first3=Lawrence |date=31 May 2017 |title=Hundreds bid farewell to Rich Gang's Semwanga |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Hundreds-bid-farewell-to-Rich-Gang-s-Semwanga/688334-3948724-f3iuv6z/index.html |access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref> Morago ga phitlho, Hassan o ne a boela kwa Aforika Borwa go ya go tsweledisa dikgwebo tsa gagwe le dingwe tsa dikgwebo tsa monna wa gagwe. <ref name="4R" /> O na le bana ba le babedi le motaki wa kwa Tanzania e bong [[Diamond Platnumz]] . <ref name="Aswani 2018">{{Cite web |last=Aswani |first=Nixon |date=2018-02-21 |title=Diamond Platnumz biography: facts you didn't know about the king of Wasafi |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/266426-diamond-platnumz-biography-facts-didnt-king-wasafi.html |access-date=2018-11-19 |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.}}</ref> <ref name="Mbuthia 2018">{{Cite web |last=Mbuthia |first=Geoffrey |date=2018-05-11 |title=Diamond denies rumours that Prince Nillan is not his son |url=https://mpasho.co.ke/diamond-denies-rumours-nillan-son/ |access-date=2018-11-19 |website=Mpasho News}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2023, Hassan o ne a nyala rakgwebo wa Mo-Uganda e bong [[Shakib Cham Lutaaya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyota |first=Caren |date=2023-10-05 |title="I do": Zari Hassan, Shakib walk down the aisle in glamorous wedding |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/entertainment/celebrities/523565-zari-hassan-husband-shakib-tie-knot-lavish-wedding-socialites-kids-steal-show/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news. |language=en}}</ref> * == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] 38jzqfun4wkyd4b1pv3somv6o8aijl4 0 15145 55124 2026-09-20T11:04:14Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369926310|Hamisa Mobetto]]" 55124 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamisa Hassan Mobetto''' (o tshotswe ka Sedimonthole 10, 1994) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamisa Mobetto exposed for lying about her real Age |url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/she-is-28-years-old-and-not-23-hamisa-mobetto-exposed-for-lying-about-her-real-age/7qm0k4w.amp |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=pulselive.co.ke}}</ref> ke seopedi sa Tanzania, modiragatsi, mogwebi le motho yo o tumileng mo setšhabeng. == Botshelo jwa pele le dithutego == O tsholetswe kwa [[Mwanza]], [[Tanzania]] ka 10 Sedimonthole 1994 mo lelapeng la Bamoseleme mme o ne a rata go nna mmotlelara fa e sa le ngwana. O ne a tswelela ka tiro ya gagwe ya go nna mmotlelara morago ga go fetsa sekolo se segolwane <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Hamisa Mobetto? All about Rick Ross' rumored girlfriend as couple's Dubai pictures grab headlines |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/who-hamisa-mobetto-all-rick-ross-rumored-girlfriend-couple-s-dubai-pictures-grab-headlines |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=sportskeeda.com}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == === Mmabontle === Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tsenela kgaisano ya bontle ya Miss Indian Ocean 2011, mme o ne a tswa mo maemong a bobedi. Mo go one ngwaga oo, o ne a tswa mo maemong a bobedi a a neng a mo dira gore a tsenele kgaisano ya Miss Tanzania 2011. Ka 2012, o ne a tsenela kgaisano ya [[Miss University Africa]] mme a atlega go tsena mo go ba ba lesome ba ba kwa godimo.. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Hamisa Mobetto to host Miss Tanzania beauty pageant |url=https://barakafm.org/2018/09/08/hamisa-mobetto-to-host-miss-tanzania-beauty-peagant/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528105448/https://barakafm.org/2018/09/08/hamisa-mobetto-to-host-miss-tanzania-beauty-peagant/ |archive-date=May 28, 2022 |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=barakafm.org}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2017, o ne a tlhophiwa mo People's Choice Award le Super Mum kwa Starqt International Awards.. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Hamisa Mobetto nominated in Starqt Awards 2017 |url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/starqt-awards-hamisa-mobetto-nominated-in-starqt-awards-2017/4vevst6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206151158/https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/starqt-awards-hamisa-mobetto-nominated-in-starqt-awards-2017/4vevst6 |archive-date=December 6, 2021 |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=pulselive.co.ke}}</ref> Ka 2018, o ne a fenya Female stylish Of The Year kwa Swahili Fashion Week Awards. Mo go one ngwaga oo, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna moamogedi wa kgaisano ya Bontle ya Miss Tanzania . <ref name=":1" /> Mo go one ngwaga oo, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Rrakgwebo wa Mosadi wa Aforika Botlhaba yo o gaisang kwa BEFFTA Awards.. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=BEFFTA Awards: Zari, Hamisa, Vera and Sarah Hassan to battle out in International Awards |url=https://m.scoopernews.com/2018/09/07/beffta-awards-zari-hamisa-vera-and-sarah-hassan-to-battle-out-in-international-awards/1362448 |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=scoopernews.com}}</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole 2020, o ne a fenya sekgele sa Best Female Digital Model of the Year kwa Tanzania Digital Awards. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Diamond, Hamisa, Nandy & Idris Sultan win big at Tanzania Digital Awards (Full List) |url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/celebrities/diamond-platnumz-hamisa-mobetto-nandy-and-idris-sultan-win-big-at-tanzania-digital/wh3zs9q.amp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206152708/https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/celebrities/diamond-platnumz-hamisa-mobetto-nandy-and-idris-sultan-win-big-at-tanzania-digital/wh3zs9q.amp |archive-date=December 6, 2021 |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=thecitizen.co.tz}}</ref> === Kopelo === Ka 2017, Hamisa o ne a tlhagelela mo bidiong le [[Diamond Platnumz]] mo pineng e e tumileng ya Salome. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AliKiba new video with Hamisa Mobetto excites fans |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/entertainment/-alikiba-new-video-with-hamisa-mobetto-excites-fans-2707286?view=htmlamp |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=thecitizen.co.tz}}</ref> Ka 2018, o ne a golola pina ya gagwe ya ntlha ya "Madam Hero". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamisa Mobetto drops the visuals for her debut single 'Madam Hero' |url=https://biggestkaka.co.ke/hamisa-mobetto-drops-the-visuals-for-her-debut-single-madam-hero/ |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=biggestkaka.co.ke}}</ref> Single e ne ya mo itsise mo intasetering ya Bongo Flava jaaka seopedi mme fa e sa le ka nako eo e setse e bone dipono di feta dimilione di le pedi mo YouTube. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Hamisa Mobetto to launch record label |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2021-07-09-hamisa-mobetto-to-launch-record-label/ |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=the-star.co.ke}}</ref> Ka one ngwaga oo o ne a golola pina e le nngwe ya "Tunaendana". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamisa Mobetto's new song Tunaendana |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/292158-hamisa-mobettos-song-tunaendana.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206151156/https://www.tuko.co.ke/292158-hamisa-mobettos-song-tunaendana.html |archive-date=December 6, 2021 |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=tuko.co.ke}}</ref> Ka 202, o ne a tlhama Record label ya gagwe ya Mobetto Music. <ref name=":2" /> Mobetto o kile a ratana le Francis Abi mme ba nna le ngwana wa mosetsana, Fantasy Majizzo. Morago a ratana le seopedi Diamond Platnumz mme ba ne ba amogela morwawe, e bong Deedalayan Abdul Naseeb, ka 2017. Moragonyana ba ne ba kgaogana ka mabaka a a sa itsiweng. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Diamond's message after meeting Hamisa Mobetto's first Baby Daddy Majizzo (Photos) |url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/celebrities/hamisa-mobettos-baby-daddies-diamond-and-majizzo-excites-fans-after-being-spotted/pkpmxn2 |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=pulselive.co.ke}}</ref> Ka Lwetse 2021, go ne go na le magatwe a a reng o ne a ratana le moopedi wa Moamerika e bong [[Rick Ross]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamisa Mobetto, Rick Ross clip stirs social media |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/entertainment/hamisa-mobetto-rick-ross-clip-stirs-social-media-3631920?view=htmlamp |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=thecitizen.co.tz}}</ref> O nyetswe ke motshameki wa Yanga,Stephane Aziz Ki . <ref>{{Cite web |last=GROUP |first=NTV KENYA-NATION MEDIA |title=NTV Kenya: Socialite Hamisa Mobetto and Yanga footballer Aziz Ki tie the knot |url=https://ntvkenya.co.ke/news/socialite-hamisa-mobetto-and-yanga-footballer-aziz-ki-tie-the-knot/ |access-date=2026-06-16 |website=NTV Kenya |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] 07j45kvl99ju2i7aoraboemuzl66ux5