Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2077 55219 55144 2026-09-22T03:40:52Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Wikipedia | logo = [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tn.svg|250px]] | logo_caption = Sekano sa [[Wikipedia]] | screenshot = Wikipedia Portal Screenshot (2022).svg{{!}}border | screenshot_alt = Wikipedia portal showing the different languages sorted by article count | collapsible = yes | caption = Tebego ya tsebe ya konokono ya Wikipedia ka komputara | type = [[Maranyane a encyclopedia]] | language_count = {{NUMBEROF|languages|Wikipedia}} | country_of_origin = United States | owner = {{Unbulleted list|[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|}} | authors = {{Unbulleted list|[[Jimmy Wales]]|[[Larry Sanger]]}} | url = {{URL|https://www.wikipedia.org/|wikipedia.org}} | commercial = Nyaa | registration = Wa ithopela | num_users = [[List of Wikipedias#Statistics totals|>{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}}}}]] active editors<ref> To be considered [[Special:ActiveUsers|active]], a user must make at least one edit or other action in a given month.</ref><br />[[list of Wikipedias#Statistics totals|>{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|USERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}}}}]] registered users | launch_date = {{Start date and age|mf=yes|p=yes|br=yes|2001|1|15}} | current_status = Active | content_license = {{Nowrap|[[Creative Commons license|CC Attribution / Share-Alike]] 3.0}}<br />Most text is also dual-licensed under [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]]; media licensing varies | programming_language = [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]] platform<ref name="roadchap">{{cite web |url=https://rogchap.com/2011/09/06/top-40-website-programming-languages/ |title= Top 40 Website Programming Languages |website= rogchap.com |author= Chapman, Roger |date= September 6, 2011 |access-date= September 6, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922015103/https://rogchap.com/2011/09/06/top-40-website-programming-languages/ |archive-date= September 22, 2013}}</ref> | oclc = 52075003 }} Wikipedia [e] ke [[:en:Encyclopedia|ensaetlopedia]] ya mahala ya maranyane e e kwadilweng le go tlhokomelwa ke setšhaba sa baithaopi, ba ba itsiweng jaaka [[:en:Wikipedians|Bawikipedia]], ka [[:en:Open_collaboration|tirisanommogo e e bulegileng]] le serweboleta sa [[:en:Wiki|wiki]] sa [[:en:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]]. E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Jimmy_Wales|Jimmy Wales]] le [[:en:Larry_Sanger|Larry Sanger]] ka ngwaga wa 2001, Wikipedia e ntse e amogelwa fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2003 ke [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]], [[:en:501(c)(3)_organization|mokgatlho wa Amerika o o sa direng dipoelo]] o o tshegediwang thata ke meneelo ya babadi.<ref>[[:en:Lisa_Seitz-Gruwell|Seitz-Gruwell, Lisa]] (October 23, 2023)[[foundationsite:news/2022/11/03/7-reasons-you-should-donate-to-wikipedia/|. "7 reasons you should donate to Wikipedia"]]. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241008212455/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/10/23/7-reasons-you-should-donate-to-wikipedia/ Archived] from the original on October 8, 2024. Retrieved December 27, 2023.</ref> Wikipedia ke buka e kgolo go tsotlhe ya [[:en:Reference_work|tshedimosetso e e dirisediwang go batla tshedimosetso,]] gape ke yone e e balwang thata mo ditsong.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher "Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher]". ''[https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher The Economist]''. January 9, 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210107165356/https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher Archived] from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.</ref><ref>[[:en:Chris_Anderson_(writer)|Anderson, Chris]] (May 8, 2006). [https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1975813_1975844_1976488,00.html "Jimmy Wales – The 2006 Time 100".] ''[https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1975813_1975844_1976488,00.html Time]''. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/500px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png Archived] from the original on October 12, 2022. Retrieved November 11, 2017.</ref> Kwa tshimologong e ne e le teng ka Seesemane fela, Wikipedia e godile [[:en:List_of_Wikipedias|go fitlha dipuo di feta]] [[:en:List_of_Wikipedias|makgolo a mararo]] mme ke nngwe ya [[:en:List_of_most-visited_websites|lefelo la tshedimosetso mo maranyaneng tse di etelwang thata]] mo lefatsheng go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2026. [[:en:English_Wikipedia|Wikipedia ya Seesemane]], e e nang le [[:en:Article_(publishing)|dipego]] di feta didikadike di le supa, e sa ntse e le yone e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe mo dikgatisong, tse mmogo di nang le dipego di feta didikadike di le masome a a marataro le bosupa mme gape e amogela maeto a a fetang didikadike di le sekete le makgolo a matlhano tsa didirisiwa tse di farologaneng le diphetogo di ka nna didikadike di le lesome le boraro kgwedi le kgwedi, e leng palogare ya diphetogo di ka nna tlhano ka motsotswana. Go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2025, mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya batho ba ba etelang Wikipedia ba ne ba tswa kwa lefatsheng la United States, fa lefatshe la Japane le ne le emela mo e ka nnang karolo ya bosupa mo lekgolong, mme mafatshe a United Kingdom, Germany le Russia tsotlhe di ne di emela mo e ka nnang karolo ya botlhano mo lekgolong nngwe le nngwe.<ref>[https://www.similarweb.com/website/wikipedia.org/#geography "wikipedia.org]". ''Similarweb''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200605091241/https://www.similarweb.com/website/wikipedia.org#geography Archived] from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2026.</ref> Wikipedia e ile ya akgolwa ka ntlha ya popego ya yone ya ka fa gare le setso, e e [[:en:Democratization_of_knowledge|kgontshang go dira gore kitso e nne ya]] [[:en:Democratization_of_knowledge|puso ya batho ka batho]], le ka ntlha ya go akaretsa dilo tse dintsi ka dikgang tse di farologaneng, [[:en:Censorship_of_Wikipedia|Wikipedia e ile ya tlhotlhomisiwa]] ke dipuso dingwe tsa bosetšhaba, go simolola ka ditsebe tse di rileng go ya kwa saeteng yotlhe, ka dinako tse dingwe ka ntlha ya go kgala puso kgotsa ka ntlha ya diteng tse di tsewang di le bosula .<ref>Treisman, Rachel (April 1, 2022). [https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1090279187/russia-wikipedia-fine "Russia threatens to fine Wikipedia if it doesn't remove some details about the war]". ''[[:en:NPR|NPR]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221202215844/https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1090279187/russia-wikipedia-fine Archived] from the original on December 2, 2022. Retrieved January 22, 2023.</ref><ref>Skipper, Ben (December 7, 2015). [https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/chinas-government-has-blocked-wikipedia-its-entirety-again-1532138 "China's government has blocked Wikipedia in its entirety again"]. ''International Business Times UK''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180503111142/https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/chinas-government-has-blocked-wikipedia-its-entirety-again-1532138 Archived] from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.</ref> Ensaekolopedia eo e kile ya tshwaiwa diphoso ka ntlha ya go sekamela mo letlhakoreng le le lengwe mo mokgweng wa yone wa go tlhagisa tshedimosetso. Sekao ke go se neye basadi tshiamelo e e lekanang le ya banna (gender bias) le go sa emele dinaga tsa Borwa jwa Lefatshe (Global South) ka tekatekano. Gape, boikanyego jwa tshedimosetso ya Wikipedia bo ne bo belaelwa gantsi mo dingwageng tsa bo-2000, mme go simolola kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo-2010, e simolotse go amogelwa le go akgolwa thata. Ditlhogo tsa Wikipedia tse di buang ka ditiragalo tse di sa tswang go diragala di dirisiwa gantsi ke batho ba le bantsi e le metswedi ya tshedimosetso ya bosheng. [[Category:Wikipedia]] == Ditso == Go ne ga lekeletswa diensaetlolopedia tse di farologaneng tsa tirisanommogo tsa mo mafaratlhatlheng (inthanete) pele ga go simololwa ga Wikipedia, mme tsotlhe tsa atlega fela e seng mo go kalo kalo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garber |first=Megan |date=October 12, 2011 |title=The contribution conundrum: Why did Wikipedia succeed while other encyclopedias failed? |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114540/https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=June 5, 2016 |website=Nieman Lab}}</ref> Wikipedia e simolotse e le lenaneo le le tlaleletsang Nupedia, e leng thulaganyo ya mahala ya mafaratlhatlha a inthanete ya ensaetlolopedia ya puo ya Sekgoa e makwalo a yone a neng a kwalwa ke baitseanape le go sekasekwa ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo e e tlhomameng. <ref name="KockJungSyn2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kock |first=Ned |author-link=Ned Kock |last2=Jung |first2=Yusun |last3=Syn |first3=Thant |date=2016 |title=Wikipedia and e-Collaboration Research: Opportunities and Challenges |url=https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[International Journal of e-Collaboration]] |publisher=IGI Global |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.4018/IJeC.2016040101 |issn=1548-3681 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927001627/https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> E tlhomilwe ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2000, e le ya Bomis, e leng kompone ya web portal . Batho ba bagolo ba yone e ne e le Mookamedi-mogolo wa Bomis e bong Jimmy Wales le Larry Sanger, morulaganyi-mogolo wa Nupedia mme moragonyana wa Wikipedia. Nupedia e neilwe teseletso lantlha ka fa tlase ga teseletso ya yone ya Diteng tse di Buletsweng tsa Nupedia. Pele ga Wikipedia e tlhongwa, Nupedia e ne ya fetogela kwa Teseletso ya Dikwalo ya Mahala ya GNU se se rotloediwa ke Richard Stallman . Gantsi Wales o fiwa tlotla gore o ne a kgona go tlhalosa ka botlalo maikano a go dira ensaetlolopedia e makwalo a yone a kgonang go kwalwa le go baakangwa ke setshaba , fa Sanger ene a bokelwa go tswa ka leano la go dirisa wiki go fitlhelela maikano ao. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-15 |title=Tech Rewind: How Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia came to be |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-and-fitness/article/tech-rewind--how-wikipedia--the-free-encyclopedia-came-to-be-15915177 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome, ngwaga wa 2001, Sanger o ne a ntsha mogopolo mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia go tlhama wiki gore e bereke go "thusa" lenaneo la Nupedia. <ref name="nupedia feeder from WP 1" group="W">{{Cite news|last=Sanger|first=Larry|date=January 10, 2001|title=Let's Make a Wiki|url=https://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html|access-date=December 26, 2008|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> === Tshimololo le kgolo === Wikipedia e simolodisitswe ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, (ka dinako tse dingwe le bidiwa "Letsatsi la Wikipedia"), {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=7}} e le kgatiso e le nngwe ya puo ya Sekgoa e e nang le leina la kgolagano ya ''www.wikipedia.com'', mme le ne la bolelwa ke Sanger mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia. Leina le, le le duleng ka Sanger go thibela tshenyo epe e e ka nnang teng mo leineng la Nupedia, <ref>{{Cite news|last=Larry Sanger|author-link=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|access-date=10 July 2026|archivedate=14 April 2003|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> le simolotse mo motswakong wa mafoko ''wiki'' le ''encyclopedia'' . Wales o boletse gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke dikgopolo tsa thulaganyo e e sa rulaganngwang e e neng e amana le Friedrich Hayek le [[Austrian School|Sekolo sa tsa itsholelo sa kwa Austria]] morago ga gore moitseanape wa tsa itsholelo yo o ratang kgololesego e bong Mark Thornton a supe megopolo ye . <ref>{{Cite news|date=2009-04-15|title=Wikipedia's Model Follows Hayek - WSJ|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123976347774119699}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mangu-Ward |first=Katherine |date=2007-05-30 |title=Wikipedia and Beyond |url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |archive-date=July 25, 2021 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Reason.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Segolobogolo, Wales o ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke polelo ya ga Hayek ya Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng e e neng e bolela gore e ne e le "konokono" mo mogopolong wa gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka teng". <ref name=":0" /> Molao wa tsamaiso ya yone o o botlhokwa wa " pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore " o ne wa simolola mo ngwageng wa yone wa ntlha . {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=29}}Mme fela, go ne go na le melao e mmalwa, mme e ne e bereka e sa laolwe ke Nupedia. Bomis kwa tshimologong e ne e ikaeletse gore e nne kgwebo e e dirang dipoelo. <ref name="Seth-Finkelstein">{{Cite news|date=September 25, 2008|title=Read me first: Wikipedia isn't about human potential, whatever Wales says|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/sep/25/wikipedia.internet|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> Wikipedia e ne ya bona bakwadi/batlatsi ba ntlha go tswa mo Nupedia, dipego tsa ''Slashdot'', le go dira dikgolagano tsa enjene ya patlo ya webo. Dikgatiso tsa puo di ne tsa tlhamiwa go simolola ka Mopitlo 2001, mme palo yotlhe ya tse di ne di dirisiwang di le lekgolo le masome a le marataro le bongwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2004. Nupedia le Wikipedia di ne tsa nna mmogo go fitlhela disefara tsa Nupedia di emisetswa ruri ka 2003, mme dikwalo tsa yone di ne tsa tsenngwa mo Wikipedia. Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e fetile letshwao la dikwalo tse di didikadike di le pedi (2 million) ka Lwetse a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2007, mme se se ne sa e dira gore e nne ensaetlolopedia e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di kileng tsa kokoanngwa, e feta ''Ensaetlolopedia ya Yongle'' e e neng ya dirwa kwa China ka nako ya puso ya ga Ming ka 1408, e e neng e tshwere rekoto ya teng dingwaga di ka nna makgolo a le marataro. Ka ntlha ya go tshaba papatso ya dikgwebo le go tlhoka taolo, badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Sepanishe ba ne ba tswa mo Wikipedia go tlhama {{Lang|es|[[Enciclopedia Libre]]}} ka Tlhakole 2002. <ref name="EL fears and start 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=[long] Enciclopedia Libre: msg#00008 |url=https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006065927/https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |archive-date=October 6, 2008 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |website=Osdir}}</ref> Morago ga moo Wales o ne a ntsha kitsiso ya gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e bontsha dikgang tsa ipapatso mme ya fetola kgolagano ya dikhomphiutha go tswa go ''wikipedia.com'' go ya go ''wikipedia.org'' . <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Vibber |first=Brion |date=August 16, 2002 |title=Brion VIBBER at pobox.com |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620071550/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |archive-date=June 20, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2020 |website=[[Wikimedia]]}}</ref> Morago ga paka ya ntlha ya kgolo e e kwa godimo, <ref name="wikisym slowing growth 1" /> go lebega selekanyo sa kgolo ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa go ya ka dipalo tsa dikwalo tse disha le tsa bakwadi e ne ya tsholetsega thata go bapa le ngwaga wa 2007 o simolola. <ref name="guardian WP user peak 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia approaches its limits|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/aug/12/wikipedia-deletionist-inclusionist|access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> Kgatiso e e ne ya fitlhelela dikwalo di le didikadike di le tharo ka Phatwe 2009. Dikwalo di ka nna sekete le makgolo a le boferabobedi di ne di tsenngwa mo ensaetlolopedia ye ka letsatsi ka ngwaga wa 2006; ka 2013 palogare eo e ne e tsamaela makgolo a le boferabobedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Wikipedia)) |author-link=Special:History/Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |title=Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia_extended_growth |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826234512/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia%27s_growth |archive-date=August 26, 2011 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Setlhopha kwa Lekalaneng la Dipatlisiso la Palo Alto se ne sa amanya go fokotsega mo ga kgolo le "go oketsega ga kgokagano le ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo, go se akarediwe batho ba basha mo lenaneong, le go gana diphetogo tse disha". Ba bangwe ba ne ba akantsha gore kgolo e ne ya fokotsega ka gonne dikwalo tse di ka bidiwang " [[wiktionary:low-hanging fruit|tse di motlhofo thata]] "— tsa ditlhogo tse di tshwanelwang ke go nna dikwalo—di ne di setse di tlhamilwe le go agiwa thata. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|author-link=Noam Cohen|title=Wikipedia&nbsp;– Exploring Fact City|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/weekinreview/29cohen.html}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele 2009, mmatlisisi mongwe kwa Sekolong sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Rey Juan Carlos kwa Madrid, kwa Spain, o ne a fitlhela gore Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi/batlatsi ba le dikete di le masome a mane le boferabongwe mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa 2009; fa e bapisiwa, e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi ba le dikete di le nne le makgolo a le boferabongwe fela mo pakeng e e tshwanang ka 2008. <ref name="guardian editors leaving 1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/26/wikipedia-losing-disgruntled-editors|title=Wikipedia falling victim to a war of words|work=The Guardian|location=London|first=Jenny|last=Kleeman|date=November 26, 2009|access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> ''Pego ya The Wall Street'' e ne ya umaka melao e e farologaneng e e dirisiwang mo go direng dikwalo le dikganetsano tse di amanang le diteng tsa one gareng ga mabaka a a dirang gore go nne le tlwaelo ya kgang ye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Geoffrey A. |last2=Angwin |first2=Julia |date=November 27, 2009 |title=Volunteers Log Off as Wikipedia Ages |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204041034/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Wales o ne a ganetsa dikgang tse ka 2009, a ganela dikgang tsa phokotsego le go belaela mokgwa wa patlisiso eo. <ref name="telegraph Wales WP not losing editors 1">{{Cite news|last=Barnett|first=Emma|date=November 26, 2009|title=Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales denies site is 'losing' thousands of volunteer editors|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/6660646/Wikipedias-Jimmy-Wales-denies-site-is-losing-thousands-of-volunteer-editors.html|access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> Morago ga dingwaga di le pedi, ka 2011, o ne a amogela gore go nnile le phokotsego e nnye, a lemoga phokotsego go tswa go "bakwadi ba ba fetang dikete di le masome a mararo le borataro go le sekae" ka Seetebosigo 2010 go ya go ba le dikete di le masome a mararo le botlhano le makgolo a le boferabobedi ka Seetebosigo 2011. Mo go yone potsolotso eo, o ne a bolela gape gore palo ya bakwadi e ne e "tlhomame e bile e tswelelela pele". <ref name="wiki-women">{{Cite news|last=Rawlinson|first=Kevin|date=August 8, 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks women to balance its 'geeky' editors|newspaper=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/wikipedia-seeks-women-to-balance-its-geeky-editors-2333605.html|access-date=April 5, 2012}}</ref> Setlhogo sa lekwalo la 2013 la ''MIT Technology Review'', "Go wela tlase ga Wikipedia", se ne sa belaela polelo e, sa bega gore fa e sale ka 2007 Wikipedia e ne e latlhegetswe ke nngwetharong ya bakwadi ba yone ba ba ithaopileng, mme sa akantsha gore ba ba setseng ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo thata mo dintlheng tse dinnye. <ref name="Simonite-2013">{{Cite journal |last=Simonite |first=Tom |date=October 22, 2013 |title=The Decline of Wikipedia |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |url-status=live |journal=[[MIT Technology Review]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |archive-date=July 31, 2022 |access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref> Ka Phukwi 2012, ''The Atlantic'' e ne ya bega gore palo ya batsamaisi le yone e ne e fokotsega. <ref name="Meyer-2012">{{Cite news|last=Meyer|first=Robinson|date=July 16, 2012|title=3 Charts That Show How Wikipedia Is Running Out of Admins|work=The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/3-charts-that-show-how-wikipedia-is-running-out-of-admins/259829|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatseele 2013, bukana ya ditshwantsho ya ''New York'' e ne ya bolela jaana, "Wikipedia, webosaete ya borataro e e dirisiwang thata, e lebagane le mathata a tsamaiso ya one." Palo ya bakwadi ba esaentlolopedia ya Sekgoa ba ba e dirisang gangwe le gape fa e sa le ka nako eo e ntse e tlhomame morago ga nako e telele ya go wela tlase. <ref>{{Cite news|last=F.|first=G.|date=May 5, 2013|title=Who really runs Wikipedia?|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2013/05/05/who-really-runs-wikipedia|access-date=November 26, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandiberg |first=Michael |date=February 23, 2020 |title=Mapping Wikipedia |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115131524/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023 |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=November 26, 2021 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa 2014, Subodh Varma yo o neng a begela ''The Economic Times'' o ne a supa gore ga se fela gore kgolo ya Wikipedia e ne e eme, e ne e "latlhegetswe ke palo ya dipono tsa dikwalo di ka nna lesome mo lekgolong ngogola. Go nnile le phokotsego ye e ka nnang dikadikadike di le dikete tse pedi (2 billion) fa gare ga Sedimonthole 2012 le Sedimonthole 2013. Diphetolelo tsa yone tse di ratiwang thata ke tsone tse di eteletseng pele mo tsebeng: dipono tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa di fokotsegile ka lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong (12%), tsa mofuta wa Sejeremane di fokotsegile ka lesome le bosupa mo lekgolong (17%) mme tsa mofuta wa Sejapane di fokotsegile ka boferabongwe mo lekgolong (9%)." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news|last=Varma|first=Subodh|date=January 20, 2014|title=Google eating into Wikipedia page views?|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/29094246.cms|access-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref> Varma o ne a tlatsa a re, "Le fa baokamedi ba Wikipedia ba akanya gore se se ka tswa se bakilwe ke diphoso tsa go tsaa dipalo, baitseanape ba bangwe ba akanya gore lenaneo la Google la Knowledge Graphs le le simolotsweng ngogola le ka tswa le ne le tsaya badirisi ba Wikipedia." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Fa go ikgolagangwa le ene, Clay Shirky, morutintshi-mmogo kwa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa New York le modiri ka ene kwa Lekalana la Setšhaba le mafaratlhatlha a Inthanete la Berkman Klein la Harvard o ne a bolela gore o belaela gore bontsi jwa go fokotsega ga go lebelewa ga ditsebe go bakilwe ke Dikerafo tsa Kitso, a bolela jaana, "Fa o ka kgona go bona karabo ya potso ya gago mo tsebeng ya patlo, ga o tlhoke go [tobetsa] go ya pele." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Kwa bokhutlong jwa Sedimonthole 2016, Wikipedia e ne ya fiwa maemo a botlhano mo webosaeteng e e itseweng thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka bophara. <ref name="Alexa">{{Cite web |title=Alexa Top 500 Global Sites |url=https://www.alexa.com/topsites |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203120227/https://www.alexa.com/topsites |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |access-date=December 28, 2016 |website=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Go ema ka Firikgong 2023, go setse go nopotswe dikwalo di le dikete di le masome a matlhano le botlhano le makgolo a le bosupa le masome a le boferabongwe le bongwe (55 791) tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa makgetho a le dikete di le masome a le boferabongwe le bobedi le makgolo a le mararo (92 300 ) mo dibukaneng tsa barutegi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citations of Wikipedia as an Online Resource |url=https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |access-date=November 4, 2022 |publisher=exaly}}</ref> tse go tswa mo go tsone tiriso ya dikitso tsa dikhomphiutha e neng e le tsebe e e nopotsweng thata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citations of Cloud Computing |url=https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |access-date=November 4, 2022 |publisher=exaly}}</ref> === Dithulaganyo tse di berekang le yone === Wikipedia e tlhamile mananeo a le mmalwa a a berekang le ensaetlolopedia, tse gape e leng diwiki tse di tsamaisiwang ke [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] . [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mananeo a mangwe a Wikimedia]] a a akaretsa Wiktionary, lenaneo la bukana ya ithunthuntso mafoko e e neng ya simololwa ka Sedimonthole 2002, Wikiquote, kokoanyo ya dinopolo tse di tlhamilweng beke morago ga gore Wikimedia e simololwe, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Woods |first=Dan |year=2007 |title=Wikis for dummies |url=https://archive.org/details/wikisfordummies0000wood |last2=Theony |first2=Peter |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=978-1-118-05066-8 |edition=1st |location=Hoboken, NJ |page=[https://archive.org/details/wikisfordummies0000wood/page/58 58] |chapter=3: The Thousand Problem-Solving Faces of Wikis |oclc=1300481129 |ol=5741003W}}</ref> Wikibooks, kokoanyo ya dibukathuto tsa mahala tse di kwadilweng ka tirisanommogo, <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Meta-Wiki)) |author-link=m:Special:History/Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |title=Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319183224/http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |archive-date=March 19, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> [[Wikimedia Commons]] . e e neng e diretswe metswedi ya dikgang ya kitso e e gololesegileng, Wikinews, ya bobegadikgang jo bo dirisanang mmogo, le Wikiversity, lenaneo la go tlhama didirisiwa tsa go ithuta tsa mahala le go tlamela ka ditiro tsa go ithuta ka inthanete. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Wikiversity)) |author-link=v:Special:History/Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |title=Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |url=https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724204635/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |archive-date=July 24, 2015 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikiversity |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Lenaneo le lengwe la Wikipedia, Wikispecies, le nankolola mefuta ya ditshedi tsotlhe, mme ga e a bulegela go ka tlaletswa ke setšhaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February 18, 2005 |title=NET News: Calling All Taxonomists |journal=Science |volume=307 |issue=5712 |page=1021 |doi=10.1126/science.307.5712.1021a |s2cid=220095354 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ka 2012, Wikivoyage, e leng kaedi ya mesepele e e ka tlaleletswang, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Luyt |first=Brendan |date=January 1, 2020 |title=A new kind of travel guide or more of the same? Wikivoyage and Cambodia |journal=Online Information Review |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=356–371 |doi=10.1108/OIR-03-2020-0104}}</ref> le Wikidata, e leng motheo wa kitso o o ka tlaleletswang le one, di ne tsa simololwa. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Matthew |date=March 30, 2012 |title=The Wikipedia data revolution |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114634/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> === Diphitlhelelo === [[File:List_of_Wikipedia_articles_by_language_-_March_2024.svg|thumb|[[Cartogram]] showing number of articles in the top 88 Wikipedias ({{as of|2024|3|lc=y|post=).}} The size of the circles for Wikipedias that have less than a million articles is fixed and not proportional to the size of the Wikipedia. The smallest Wikipedia that made the cutoff is the [[Haitian Creole]] Wikipedia with 69K articles.{{efn|As of April 2026, the [[Haitian Creole]] Wikipedia, with 72K articles, is in 91st place when ranked by number of articles.}}<br /> The languages are roughly grouped by region: <br />{{hlist|{{legend0|#4C0099|[[Northern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CC0000|[[Southern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CCCC00|[[Eastern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CC6600|[[Middle East]]}}|{{legend0|#4C9900|[[East Asia]]}}|{{legend0|#00CDFF|[[Indian subcontinent]]}}|{{legend0|#660000|[[Sub-Saharan Africa]]}}|{{legend0|#808080|[[Central Asia]]}}|{{legend0|#6600CC|[[Caribbean]]}}}} ]] Ka Firikgong 2007, Wikipedia e ne ya nna nngwe ya diwebosaete tse di lesome tse di tumileng thata kwa Amerika, go ya ka Comscore Networks. <ref name="Comscore-2007">{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2007 |title=New Year's Resolutions Reflected in January U.S. Web Traffic |url=https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819190445/https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |archive-date=August 19, 2021 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Comscore]] |page=3 |format=PDF}}</ref> Ka badirisi ba yone ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le masome a mane le bobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le boferabongwe (42.9), e ne ya nna mo maemong a boferabongwe, e feta ''The New York Times'' (maemo a lesome) le Apple (maemo a lesome le bongwe). <ref name="Comscore-2007" /> Se se ne sa tshwaya koketsego e e bonalang go feta Firikgong 2006, fa Wikipedia e ne e le mo maemong a bomasome a le mararo le boraro, ka badirisi ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le lesome le boferabobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le mararo ka (18.3 million). Ka 2014, e ne ya amogela dipono tsa ditsebe di le didikadike di le dikete tse di boferabobedi (8 billion) kgwedi le kgwedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report&nbsp;– Wikipedia Page Views Per Country |url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2011 |access-date=March 8, 2015 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Tlhakole a le malatsi ae boferabongwe, 2014, ''The New York Times'' e ne ya bega gore Wikipedia e ne e na le &nbsp;dipono tsa ditsebe di le dikadikadike di le dikete tse dilesome le boferabobedi (18 billion) le badirisi ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le makgolo a le matlhano (500 million) ka kgwedi, "go ya ka ditekanyetso tsa comScore". <ref name="small screen">{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Noam|author-link=Noam Cohen|date=February 9, 2014|title=Wikipedia vs. the Small Screen|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/10/technology/wikipedia-vs-the-small-screen.html?_r=0|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Go ema ka Mopitlo 2023, e ne le mo maemong a borataro ka go tuma go ya kaSimilarweb.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Similarweb |title=Top Websites Ranking – Most Visited Websites In The World |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210041116/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |access-date=March 4, 2023 |website=[[Similarweb]]}}</ref> Jeff Loveland le Joseph Reagle ba nganga gore, mo tsamaisong, Wikipedia e latela mokgwa wa tsela e e telele wa diensaetlolopedia tsa ditso tse di kokoantseng ditokafatso ka bonya ka bonya ka " go kokoanya ga stigmergy ". <ref name="sagepub WP and encyclopedic production 1">{{Cite journal |last=Loveland |first=Jeff |last2=Reagle |first2=Joseph |date=January 15, 2013 |title=Wikipedia and encyclopedic production |journal=New Media & Society |volume=15 |issue=8 |page=1294 |doi=10.1177/1461444812470428 |issn=1461-4448 |s2cid=27886998}}</ref> <ref name="theatlantic WP actually a reversion 1">{{Cite web |last=Rosen |first=Rebecca J. |date=January 30, 2013 |title=What If the Great Wikipedia 'Revolution' Was Actually a Reversion? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229051117/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697/ |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |access-date=February 9, 2013 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le boferabobedi, ngwaga wa 2012, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne ya nna le seabe mo motseletseleng wa ditshupetso tse di rulagantsweng kgatlhanong le melao e mebedi e e neng e tshitshintswe kwa Lekgotlaneng la United States — Molao wa go Emisa go Utswa bodiratsi/dikwalo mo mafaratlhatlheng (SOPA) le Molao wa PROTECT IP (PIPA)—ka go fifatsa ditsebe tsa yone dioura di le masome a mabedi le bone . <ref name="LA Times Jan 19">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia: SOPA protest led eight million to look up reps in Congress|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2012/01/wikipedia-sopa-blackout-congressional-representatives.html|access-date=March 6, 2012}}</ref> Batho ba feta didikadike di le lekgolo le le lengwe le masome a mabedi ba bone tsebe e e neng e tlhalosa go fifafatsa moo e e neng e tsere maemo a diteng tsa ensaetlolopedia nakwana e e seng ya sennela ruri. <ref name="BBC WP blackout protest 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia joins blackout protest at US anti-piracy moves|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16590585|access-date=January 19, 2012}}</ref> <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=SOPA/Blackoutpage |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622185443/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |access-date=January 19, 2012 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Firikgong 2013, 274301 Wikipedia, e leng asteroid, e ne ya bidiwa ka Wikipedia; <ref>{{Cite news|last=Workman|first=Robert|date=January 5, 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|work=[[Space.com]]|url=https://www.space.com/19643-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> ka Phalane 2014, Wikipedia e ne ya tlotlomatswa ka ''Sefikantswe sa Wikipedia'' ; <ref>{{Cite news|last=Katz|first=Leslie|date=October 27, 2014|title=A Wikipedia monument? It's true (we're pretty sure)|work=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/a-wikipedia-monument-its-true-were-pretty-sure/|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> mme, ka Phukwi 2015, ditshutiso tsa Wikipedia di le lekgolo le le lengwe le borataro (106) mo go tse di dikete di le bosupa le makgolo a le mane le masome a le bosupa le boraro (7 473) tse di nang le ditsebe di le makgolo a le masupa 700 di ne tsa nna teng e le Wikipedia e e Gatisitsweng . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sawers |first=Paul |date=June 18, 2015 |title=You can soon buy a 7,471-volume printed version of Wikipedia for $500,000 |url=https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017154940/https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |access-date=January 24, 2023 |website=VentureBeat}}</ref> Ka Moranang 2019, sefofane sa Iseraele se se fologang mo ngweding, Beresheet, se ne sa wela mo godimo ga [[Ngwedi]] se tshotse dikhophi tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya sekgoa tsotlhe di gateletswe mo dipoleiting tse ditshesane tsa nikele; baitseanape ba re go ka direga gore dipoleiti tse di ne tsa seka tsa amega fa tiragalo e ya go wa ga sefofane e diragala. <ref name="WRD-20190805">{{Cite news|last=Oberhaus|first=Daniel|date=August 5, 2019|title=A Crashed Israeli Lunar Lander Spilled Tardigrades On The Moon|work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|url=https://www.wired.com/story/a-crashed-israeli-lunar-lander-spilled-tardigrades-on-the-moon/|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="VOX-20190806">{{Cite news|last=Resnick|first=Brian|title=Tardigrades, the toughest animals on Earth, have crash-landed on the moon&nbsp;– The tardigrade conquest of the solar system has begun.|url=https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/8/6/20756844/tardigrade-moon-beresheet-arch-mission|date=August 6, 2019|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> Ka Seetebosigo 2019, baitseanape ba maranyane ba ne ba bega gore 16 GB otlhe wa dikwalo tse di tswang mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa o tsentswe mo DNA ya maitirelo . <ref name="CNET-20190629">{{Cite news|last=Shankland|first=Stephen|date=June 29, 2019|title=Startup packs all 16&nbsp;GB of Wikipedia onto DNA strands to demonstrate new storage tech&nbsp;– Biological molecules will last a lot longer than the latest computer storage technology, Catalog believes.|work=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/startup-packs-all-16gb-wikipedia-onto-dna-strands-demonstrate-new-storage-tech/|access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le lesome le boferabobedi, 2023, Wikipedia e ne ya simolodisa webosaete e ntšha e e baakantsweng , e e bidiwang " Vector 2022 ". <ref name="Pearl-2023">{{Cite web |last=Pearl |first=Mike |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Yes, Wikipedia looks weird. Don't freak out. |url=https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012235/https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Mashable]]}}</ref> <ref name="Tech Desk-2023">{{Cite web |last=Tech Desk |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia gets a facelift after 10 years: A look at new interface and features |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119054103/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |access-date=January 22, 2023 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> E ne e na le tsebe ya lenaneo e e tlhamilweng sesha, e sutisetsa tafole ya diteng kafa molemeng go e dira baara e e kafa thoko, le diphetogo di le dintsi fa go tobediwang teng go tlhopha tse o batlang go di dirisa jaaka sedirisiwa sa go tlhopha puo. <ref name="Tech Desk-2023" /> <ref group="W">{{Cite news|date=January 18, 2023|title=Wikipedia Gets a Fresh New Look: First Desktop Update in a Decade Puts Usability at the Forefront|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Ntšhafatso e e ne ya amogela tsibogo e e sa siamang kwa tshimologong, segolobogolo fa bakwadi botlhe ba Wikipedia ya Seswahili ba ne ba tlhopha go busetsa diphetogo morago. <ref name="Pearl-2023" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rauwerda |first=Annie |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point. |url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Slate Magazine}}</ref> Bobedi jo, Sanger le Wales ba ne tsenelela dipotsolotso tse di phatlalatsa kwa bokhutlong jwa 2025 ka ga dikakanyo tsa bone ka ga maemo le seemo sa Wikipedia, go fitlha go felela fa dingwageng tsa one tse di masome a mabedi le botlhano e ntse e le mo tirisong ka Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano, ngwaga wa 2026; Wales o ne a tlhagelela mo thulaganyong ya dikgang tsa PBS mo lenaneong la GZERO World e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ian Bremmer mme Sanger o ne a tlhagelela mo Dikgannyeng tsa Fox, e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ashley Rindsberg . Buka ya ga Wales ya ''Melao e e Supa ya go Ikanyega'' e ne ya gatisiwa ke Penguin Random House ka Phalane 2025 . E ne ya tlhalosiwa ke mogatisi jaaka "kakanyo e e tseneletseng ka ga mathata a lefatshe a go ikanyega le kitso" e le buka e e kanokang "melao ya go tshepana" e e letleletseng kgolo le katlego ya Wikipedia. <ref name="Penguin">{{Cite web |title=The Seven Rules of Trust |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/734278/the-seven-rules-of-trust-by-jimmy-wales-with-dan-gardner/ |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=[[Penguin Random House]] |language=en}}</ref> === Ditlamorago tsa maranyane a botlhale jwa maiterelo (generative AI ) mo dipalong tsa dipono tsa ditsebe tsa Wikipedia === Fa e sa le ka Firikgong 2024, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o begile koketsego ya sephatlo mo lekgolong ya tiriso tsa dibandwith go tswa mo go bapaleng diteng tsa bobegakgang mo mananeong a one otlhe. Go ya ka mokgatlho yo, kgolo e e amana le mananeo a a iperekisang ka boone, kgotsa di-bot tsa " scraper ", tse di kokoanyang ditshutiso tsa kitso mo ditsebeng tsa Wikimedia gore di dirisiwe mo go katiseng didirisiwa tse ditona tsa puo le ditiro tse di amanang le tsone. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Tanya |date=2025-04-04 |title=AI scraper bots putting costly strain on Wikimedia infrastructure |url=https://eandt.theiet.org/2025/04/04/ai-scraper-bots-are-putting-costly-strain-wikimedias-infrastructure |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=eandt.theiet.org}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2025, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o ne wa bega palo kakanyetso e le boferabobedi mo lekgolong ya phokotsego ya pharakano fa go bapisiwa le kgwedi e e tshwanang ka 2024 mo diponong tse di dirilweng ke batho. Ba bua gore se se bontsha tiriso ya Maranyane a botlhale jwa maitirelo le metswedi ya dikgang di sedimosa ka fa batho ba ratang go batla kitso/dikgang ka teng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ha |first=Anthony |date=2025-10-18 |title=Wikipedia says traffic is falling due to AI search summaries and social video |url=https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251221202413/https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |archive-date=December 21, 2025 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Marshall |date=2025-10-17 |title=New User Trends on Wikipedia |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/ |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Diff}}</ref> == Tirisanommogo ya bakwadi == [[File:History_Comparison_Example_(Vector).png|thumb|Dipharologano tse di gateletsweng mo dikwalong tsa setlhogo se le sengwe]] === Melawana === Ka ntlha ya go tuma ga Wikipedia mo go ntseng go oketsega, dikgatiso dingwe, di akaretsa le tsa Sekgoa, di simolodisitse melawana e e laolang go tlaleletsa dikwalo fa gongwe. Ka sekai, mo Wikipedia ya sekgoa le dikgatiso dingwe tsa dipuo, badirisi ba ba nang le diphetogo di le lesome tsa dikwalo mme gape ba na le malatsi a le mane e le badirisi ke bone fela ba ba ka dirang dikwalo tse disha. Mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, gareng ga tse dingwe, ditsebe tse di bakang dikganetsano thata, tse di masisi, kgotsa tse di nang le kgonagalo ya go senngwa di ile tsa sirelediwa ka selekanyo se se farologaneng. <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hafner|first1=Katie|date=June 17, 2006|title=Growing Wikipedia Refines Its 'Anyone Can Edit' Policy|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/17/technology/17wiki.html|access-date=December 5, 2016}}</ref> Tsebe e e senngwang gantsi e ka nna "e e sireleditsweng bontlhabongwe" kgotsa "e e sireleditsweng e netefaditswe gape e atolositswe", se se rayang gore ke fela bakwadi ba ba "tlhomamisitsweng" kgotsa ba ba "netefaditsweng mo go atolositsweng" ba ka e fetolang. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=12–13}}Setlhogo se se bakang dikganetsano thata se ka nna sa lotlelwa gore e nne batsamaisi fela ba ba ka dirang diphetogo. Lekwalo la 2021 mo ''Columbia Journalism Review'' le ne la supa melawana ya Wikipedia ya go sireletsa ditsebe jaaka "gongwe tsela e e botlhokwa thata" e e nang le yone ya go "laola mmaraka wa yone wa megopolo". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrison |first=Stephen |last2=Benjakob |first2=Omer |date=January 14, 2021 |title=Wikipedia is twenty. It's time to start covering it better. |url=https://www.cjr.org/opinion/wikipedia-is-twenty-its-time-to-start-covering-it-better.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117150508/https://www.cjr.org/opinion/wikipedia-is-twenty-its-time-to-start-covering-it-better.php |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |access-date=January 15, 2021 |website=[[Columbia Journalism Review]]}}</ref> Wikipedia e abetse di- bot ditiro dingwe . tsamaiso ya algorithm ya mofuta yoo e bonolo go tsenngwa mo tirisong le go lekanyediwa, mme go gana go amogela diphetogo mo go itirisang (automated rejection ) go ka tswa go nnile le seabe mo go fokotsegeng ga bakwadi ba ba matlhagatlhaga ba Wikipedia. <ref name="Ren-2024">{{Cite journal |last=Ren |first=Yuqing |last2=Zhang |first2=Haifeng |last3=Kraut |first3=Robert E. |date=February 29, 2024 |title=How Did They Build the Free Encyclopedia? A Literature Review of Collaboration and Coordination among Wikipedia Editors |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617369 |url-status=live |journal=ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–48 |doi=10.1145/3617369 |issn=1073-0516 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912194101/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617369 |archive-date=September 12, 2024 |access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> Di-bot di tshwanetse go amogelwa ke badirisi pele ga ditiro tsa tsone di tsenngwa mo tirisong. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=36}} Mo dikgannyeng tse dingwe, bakwadi botlhe ba letlelelwa go romela diphetogo, fela go tlhokega tshekatsheko mo bakwading bangwe, go lebilwe diemo dingwe. Ka sekai, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane e boloka "diphetolo tse di tlhomameng" tsa dikwalo tse di fentseng go tlhatlhobiwa mo go rileng. Morago ga diteko tse di tsereng nako e telele le dipuisano tsa badirisi, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne ya tlhagisa thulaganyo ya "diphetogo tse di santseng di letilwe" ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2012. <ref name="BInsider pending changes intro 1">{{Cite news|last=Henderson|first=William|date=December 10, 2012|title=Wikipedia Has Figured Out A New Way To Stop Vandals In Their Tracks|work=[[Insider Inc.|Business Insider]]|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/pending-changes-safeguard-on-wikipedia-2012-12|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ye, diphetogo tsa badirisi ba basha le ba ba sa kwadisiwang mo dikwalong dingwe tse di bakang dikganetsano kgotsa tse di nnang di senngwa di sekasekwa ke badirisi ba ba tlhomameng pele ga di gatisiwa. <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Frewin|first1=Jonathan|date=June 15, 2010|title=Wikipedia unlocks divisive pages for editing|journal=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10312095|access-date=August 21, 2014}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, melawana ya go tlaleletsa dikwalo e fokotsa go nna le seabe ga bakwadi ga mmogo le maiteko a go kabakanya morafe wa badirisi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ajmani |first=Leah |last2=Vincent |first2=Nicholas |last3=Chancellor |first3=Stevie |date=September 28, 2023 |title=Peer Produced Friction: How Page Protection on Wikipedia Affects Editor Engagement and Concentration |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3610198 |url-status=live |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |volume=7 |issue=CSCW2 |pages=1–33 |doi=10.1145/3610198 |issn=2573-0142 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915061444/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3610198 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> Dikwalo tse di amanang le kgotlhang ya Iseraele le Palestina di bewa ka fa tlase ga tshireletso e e atolositsweng e e netefaditsweng. <ref name="Harrison-2023">{{Cite news|last=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=October 26, 2023|title=Wikipedia Is Covering the War in Israel and Gaza Better Than X|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/10/wikipedia-elon-musk-gaza-hamas-israel-x-twitter-dispute.html|access-date=December 20, 2023|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|issn=1091-2339}}</ref> Bakwadi gape ba ka dira phetogo ya go boela morago mafoko a bone gangwe fela ka letsatsi go ralala ensaetlolopedia yotlhe mme ba ka thibelwa ruri go tlaleletsa dikwalo tse di amanang le yone. Melawana e e simolotswe ka 2008. <ref name="Benjakob-2020a">{{Cite news|last=Benjakob|first=Omer|date=October 4, 2020|title=The Second Intifada Still Rages on Wikipedia|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2020-10-04/ty-article/.highlight/the-second-intifada-still-rages-on-wikipedia/0000017f-e7fb-da9b-a1ff-efff2c230000|access-date=March 6, 2024|newspaper=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref> Ka Firikgong 2025, Komiti ya Katlholo e ne ya simolodisa "melawana e e lekalekanang ya go tlaleletsa dikwalo", e e tlhokang gore badirisi ba ba nang le dithibelo ba neele fela nngwetharong ya diphetolo tsa bone mo dikwalong tse di amanang le kgotlhang ya Iseraele le Palestina le fa go se na melao epe ya boitshwaro jo bo sa siamang e e robilweng. <ref name="Elia-Shalev-2025">{{Cite web |last=Elia-Shalev |first=Asaf |date=January 24, 2025 |title=Edit wars over Israel spur rare ban of 8 Wikipedia editors — from both sides |url=https://www.jta.org/2025/01/23/israel/edit-wars-over-israel-spur-rare-ban-of-8-wikipedia-editors-from-both-sides |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610091420/https://www.jta.org/2025/01/23/israel/edit-wars-over-israel-spur-rare-ban-of-8-wikipedia-editors-from-both-sides |archive-date=June 10, 2025 |access-date=May 27, 2025 |website=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]}}</ref> === Tshekatsheko ya diphetogo === [[File:Wikipedia_editing_interface.png|thumb|tsebe ya diphetolo ya Wikipedia]] Le fa diphetogo di sa sekasekwe ka thulaganyo, sofotewere ya Wikipedia e tlamela ka didirisiwa tse di letlelelang mongwe le mongwe go sekaseka diphetogo tse di dirilweng ke ba bangwe. Tsebe ya Ditso ya lekwalo lengwe le sengwe e golagana le diphetolo dingwe le dingwe tsa yone.{{efn|Revisions with libelous content, criminal threats, or copyright infringements may be removed completely.}} Mo dikwalong ka bontsi, mongwe le mongwe o ka lebelela diphetogo tse disha mme gape a baakanya diphetolo tsa ba bangwe ka go tobetsa kgokagano e e mo tsebeng ya Ditso tsa lekwalo la teng. Badirisi ba ba kwadisitsweng ba ka nna ba tlhokometse dikwalo tse di ba kgatlhang ka go nna le "lenaneo la ditebelelo" gore ba kgone go itsisiwe ka diphetogo. "Kanoko ya ditsebe tse disha" ke thulaganyo e mo go yone dikwalo tse di sa tswang go tlhamiwa di tlholwang go bona gore a di na le mathata a a bonalang. Ka 2003, moithuti wa setlankana sa PhD sa dithuto tsa itsholelo Andrea Ciffolilli o ne a bolela gore ditshenyegelo tse di kwa tlase tsa go nna le seabe mo wiki di ne tsa dira gore go nne le tlhabololo ya tirisanommogo, le gore dikarolo tsa mofuta yoo di ne di letlelela gore go nne motlhofo go bona diphetolo tse di fetileng tsa tsebe, mme go ne go thusa ka "dikatlholo tse di agang" go na le "dikatlholo tse di senyang". <ref name="FMonday collaborative effort 1">{{Cite journal |last=Ciffolilli |first=Andrea |date=December 2003 |title=Phantom authority, self-selective recruitment and retention of members in virtual communities: The case of Wikipedia |journal=First Monday |volume=8 |issue=12 |doi=10.5210/fm.v8i12.1108 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Tshenyo === Phetogo epe e e tshosetsang go thokgama ga Wikipedia ka bomo e tsewa e le go senya. Mefuta e e tlwaelegileng thata e e bonalang ya go senya e akaretsa go oketsa ka dilo tse di fatlhang le metlae e e sa siamang; gape e ka akaretsa ipapatso le mefuta e mengwe ya spam. Ka dinako tse dingwe bakwadi ba senya dikwalo ka go tlosa diteng kgotsa go tsenya tsebe e e senang sepe gotlhelele. Mefuta e e sa tlwaelegang thata ya tshenyo, jaaka go tlaletsa dikwalo ka dikgang tse di utlwalang mme di se boammaaruri ka bomo, di ka nna dingalo thata go lemosega. Batho ba ba senyang dikwalo ba ka tsenya fomate e e sa amaneng le sepe, ba fetola motheo wa tsebe jaaka setlhogo sa tsebe kgotsa go aroganngwa ga yone ka ditlhopha, ba dirisa khoutu e e ka fa tlase ga lekwalo ka boferefere, kgotsa ba dirisa ditshwantsho ka tsela e e kgoreletsang. [[File:John_Seigenthaler_Sr._speaking.jpg|alt=White-haired elderly gentleman in suit and tie speaks at a podium.|left|thumb|Mmegadikgang wa MoAmerika John Seigenthaler (1927–2014), setlhogo sa tiragalo ya buka ya botshelo jwa ga Seigenthaler]] Tshenyo e e bonalang ka kakaretso e motlhofo go ka ntshiwa mo dikwalong tsa Wikipedia; nako ya bogare ya go e lemoga le go e baakanya ke metsotso e le mmalwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, tshenyo ye nngwe e tsaya lobaka thata go ka lemogwa le go baakanngwa. Mo tiragalong ya buka ya botshelo jwa ga Seigenthaler, mokwadi mongwe yo o neng a ipipile leina a sa itsiwe o ne a tsenya kgang ye e e seng boammaaruri mo lekwalong la botshelo jwa moeteledipele wa sepolotiki wa Amerika e bong John Seigenthaler ka Motsheganong 2005, a mo kaya mo go maaka jaaka mmelaelwa wa polao ya ga John F. Kennedy . E ne ya nna e sa baakanngwa dikgwedi di le nne. Seigenthaler, mookamedi yo o simolotseng ''USA Today'' le motlhami wa lekgotlana la kgololesego ya Lekalana la Phetolo ya Ntlha kwa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Vanderbilt, o ne a leletsa motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia e bong Jimmy Wales mme a mmotsa gore a o na le tsela epe ya go itse gore ke mang yo o tsentseng kgang ye e senang boammaaruri yeo. Wales o ne a re ga itse, le fa mong wa molato a ne a feleletsa a latedisiwa. <ref name="book The World is Flat 1">{{Cite book |last=Friedman |first=Thomas L. |year=2007 |title=The World is Flat |url=https://archive.org/details/worldisflatbrief0000frie_r7b0 |publisher=[[Farrar, Straus & Giroux]] |isbn=978-0-374-29278-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldisflatbrief0000frie_r7b0/page/124 124]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Buchanan |first=Brian |date=November 17, 2006 |title=Founder shares cautionary tale of libel in cyberspace |url=https://archive.firstamendmentcenter.org/news.aspx?id=17798 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140311/https://archive.firstamendmentcenter.org/news.aspx?id=17798 |archive-date=December 21, 2012 |access-date=November 17, 2012 |publisher=[[First Amendment Center]]}}</ref> Morago ga tiragalo e, Seigenthaler o ne a tlhalosa Wikipedia e le "sedirisiwa sa patlisiso se se nang le diphoso gape se sena maikarabelo". Tiragalo e e ne ya dira gore go dirwe diphetogo tsa melawana kwa Wikipedia tsa go gagamatsa go netefadiwa ga dikwalo tse di buang ka matshelo a batho ba ba tshelang. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Helm|first=Burt|title=Wikipedia: "A Work in Progress"|url=https://www.businessweek.com/stories/2005-12-13/wikipedia-a-work-in-progress|date=December 13, 2005|access-date=July 26, 2012}}</ref> === Dikganetsano le dintwa tsa go tlaleletsa dikwalo === Bakwadi ba Wikipedia gantsi ba na le go sa dumalane mabapi le diteng, tse di ka tlotliwang mo ditsebeng tsa Puisano tsa dikwalo. Dikganetsano di ka felela ka diphetogo tse di gaisanang gangwe le gape mo dikwalong, tse di bidiwang "ntwa ya go tlaleletsa". <ref name="NBC WP editorial warzone 12">{{Cite news|last=Coldewey|first=Devin|date=June 21, 2012|title=Wikipedia is editorial warzone, says study|department=Technology|work=[[NBC News]]|url=https://sys03-public.nbcnews.com/technology/wikipedia-editorial-warzone-says-study-838793|access-date=March 26, 2021|archivedate=August 26, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113318/http://sys03-public.nbcnews.com/technology/wikipedia-editorial-warzone-says-study-838793}}</ref> E bonwa ke botlhe jaaka seemo se se senyang didirisiwa mme go sena kitso epe e e mosola e e tsengwang, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kalyanasundaram |first=Arun |date=December 2015 |title=2015 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC) |last2=Wei |first2=Wei |last3=Carley |first3=Kathleen M. |last4=Herbsleb |first4=James D. |publisher=IEEE |isbn=978-1-4673-9743-8 |location=Huntington Beach, CA |pages=276–287 |chapter=An agent-based model of edit wars in Wikipedia: How and when is consensus reached |citeseerx=10.1.1.715.2758 |doi=10.1109/WSC.2015.7408171}}</ref> gape e a kgalwa ka e tsewa e dira ngwao ya gore bakwadi ba nne le kgaisano e nang le kgotlhang <ref>{{Cite book |last=Suh |first=Bongwon |date=2009 |title=Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration |last2=Convertino |first2=Gregorio |last3=Chi |first3=Ed H. |last4=Pirolli |first4=Peter |publisher=ACM Press |isbn=978-1-60558-730-1 |location=Orlando, FL |pages=1–10 |chapter=The singularity is not near |doi=10.1145/1641309.1641322 |doi-access=free}}</ref> se se amangwang le dikarolo tsa bong tsa banna tsa setso . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Torres|first=Nicole|date=June 2, 2016|title=Why Do So Few Women Edit Wikipedia?|url=https://hbr.org/2016/06/why-do-so-few-women-edit-wikipedia|access-date=August 20, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bear |first=Julia B. |last2=Collier |first2=Benjamin |date=March 2016 |title=Where are the Women in Wikipedia? Understanding the Different Psychological Experiences of Men and Women in Wikipedia |journal=Sex Roles |volume=74 |issue=5–6 |pages=254–265 |doi=10.1007/s11199-015-0573-y |s2cid=146452625}}</ref> Dipatlisiso di itebagantse thata le, sekai, go tlhoka botho ka dikganetsano, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khazraie |first=Marzieh |last2=Talebzadeh |first2=Hossein |date=February 7, 2020 |title="Wikipedia does NOT tolerate your babbling!": Impoliteness-induced conflict (resolution) in a polylogal collaborative online community of practice |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378216620300771 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Pragmatics |volume=163 |pages=46–65 |doi=10.1016/j.pragma.2020.03.009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914115833/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378216620300771 |archive-date=September 14, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smirnov |first=Ivan |last2=Oprea |first2=Camelia |last3=Strohmaier |first3=Markus |date=December 1, 2023 |editor-last=Ognyanova |editor-first=Katherine |title=Toxic comments are associated with reduced activity of volunteer editors on Wikipedia |url=https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385/7457939 |url-status=live |journal=PNAS Nexus |volume=2 |issue=12 |doi=10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385 |issn=2752-6542 |pmc=10697426 |pmid=38059265 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007101400/https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385/7457939 |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |doi-access=free |article-number=pgad385}}</ref> tlhotlheletso ya dikampa tsa bakwadi tse di gaisanang, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lerner |first=Jürgen |last2=Lomi |first2=Alessandro |date=December 21, 2020 |title=The free encyclopedia that anyone can dispute: An analysis of the micro-structural dynamics of positive and negative relations in the production of contentious Wikipedia articles |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378873318300467 |url-status=live |journal=Social Networks |volume=60 |pages=11–25 |doi=10.1016/j.socnet.2018.12.003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126001010/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378873318300467 |archive-date=November 26, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morris-O'Connor |first=Danielle A. |last2=Strotmann |first2=Andreas |last3=Zhao |first3=Dangzhi |date=April 4, 2023 |title=The colonization of Wikipedia: evidence from characteristic editing behaviors of warring camps |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090/full/html |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Documentation |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=784–810 |doi=10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090 |issn=0022-0418 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020151300/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090/full/html |archive-date=October 20, 2023 |access-date=November 14, 2023}}</ref> popego ya dipuisano, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ziembowicz |first=Karolina |last2=Roszczyńska-Kurasińska |first2=Magdalena |last3=Rychwalska |first3=Agnieszka |last4=Nowak |first4=Andrzej |date=October 3, 2022 |title=Predicting conflict-prone disputes using the structure of turn-taking: the case of Wikipedia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |url-status=live |journal=Information, Communication & Society |volume=25 |issue=13 |pages=1987–2005 |doi=10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |issn=1369-118X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091334/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> le phetogo ya dikgotlhang go tlhoma mogopolo mo metsweding. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chhabra |first=Anamika |date=August 25, 2020 |title=Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Open Collaboration |last2=Kaur |first2=Rishemjit |last3=Iyengar |first3=S. R.S. |publisher=ACM |isbn=978-1-4503-8779-8 |pages=1–10 |chapter=Dynamics of Edit War Sequences in Wikipedia |doi=10.1145/3412569.3412585 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |chapter-url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3412569.3412585 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915052238/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3412569.3412585 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Ruprechter">{{Cite journal |last=Ruprechter |first=Thorsten |last2=Santos |first2=Tiago |last3=Helic |first3=Denis |date=September 9, 2020 |title=Relating Wikipedia article quality to edit behavior and link structure |journal=Applied Network Science |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s41109-020-00305-y |issn=2364-8228 |doi-access=free |article-number=61}}</ref> Taha Yasseri wa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Oxford o ne a sekaseka dikgotlhang tsa go tlaleletsa/kwala dikwalo le go rarabololwa ga tsone mo patlisisong ya 2013. <ref name="Yasseri-2014">{{Cite book |last=Yasseri |first=Taha |author-link=Taha Yasseri |year=2014 |title=The Most Controversial Topics in Wikipedia: A Multilingual and Geographical Analysis |last2=Spoerri |first2=Anselm |last3=Graham |first3=Mark |last4=Kertész |first4=János |author-link4=János Kertész |publisher=Scarecrow Press |editor-last=Fichman, P. |doi=10.2139/SSRN.2269392 |ssrn=2269392 |editor-last2=Hara, N.}}</ref> Yasseri o ne a nganga gore go boela morago mo go bonolo fela kgotsa ditiro tsa "go dirolola" e ne e se selekanyo se se botlhokwa thata sa boitshwaro jo bo sa siamang jwa tiro kwa Wikipedia. O ne a ikaegile boemong jwa seo ka leano la "bakwadi ba le babedi ba bereka mmogo go boela ditlaleletso morago", le e leng gore mokwadi a le mongwe o tlaabo a busetsa morago go tlaleletsa ga mokwadi yo mongwe yo morago ga moo, ka tatelano, a boelang go busetsa tlaleletso ya mokwadi wa ntlha morago. Maduo a ne a tsenngwa mo lenaneong la diphetolelo di le mmalwa tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia. Dikgotlhang tsa dipalo tse tharo tse di tona mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne e le tsa dikwalo tsa ga George W. Bush, botlhokapuso, le Muhammad . <ref name="Yasseri-2014" /> Fa go bapisiwa, mo Wikipedia ya Jeremane, dikgotlhang tsa dipalo tse tharo tse di tona ka nako ya patlisiso e ne e le tsa dikwalo tse di neng di bua ka Croatia, Scientology, le megopolo ka tiragalo ya 9/11 . <ref name="Yasseri-2014" /> Ka 2020, babatlisisi ba ne ba supa dikgato tse dingwe ka maitsholo a bakwadi, go feta go boela morago ditlaleletso ka bobedi, go supa dikgotlhang tsa go tlaleletsa dikwalo go ralala Wikipedia. <ref name="Ruprechter"/> Bakwadi gape ba ngangisana ka go phimolwa ga dikwalo mo Wikipedia, ka dingangisano tse di ntseng jalo di ka nna dikete di le makgolo a le matlhano fa e sa le Wikipedia e simololwa go tloga ka 2019. Fa lekwalo le sena go tlhophiwa go phimolwa, kganetsano gantsi e laolwa ke ditlhopo tsa ntlha (gore a le bolokwe kgotsa le phimolwe) le ka go umaka melawana ya tse di rileng tsa setlhogo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mayfield |first=Elijah |last2=Black |first2=Alan W. |date=November 7, 2019 |title=Analyzing Wikipedia Deletion Debates with a Group Decision-Making Forecast Model |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3359308 |url-status=live |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |volume=3 |issue=CSCW |pages=1–26 |doi=10.1145/3359308 |issn=2573-0142 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915025504/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3359308 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> == Melao le diteng == Wikipedia e na le mafelo a maina a a farologaneng a le lesome le bongwe mme dikwalo tsa yone di teng mo ''lefelong la maremelelo'' . Mafelo a mangwe a maina a na le ketapele pele ga setlhogo sa tsebe ya one mme a diragatsa maikaelelo a a farologaneng. Sekai, lefelo la maina a lenaneo le o a dirisa ketapele ''ya Wikipedia'' mme gape le dirisediwa dipuisano tse di amanang le go ipusa. Bontsi jwa babadi ga ba itse ka mafelo a a mangwe a maina. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=3}} Melaometheo ya morafe wa badirisi ba Wikipedia e akareditswe mo "Dipilara tse Tlhano", fa melaometheo e e tseneletseng ya go tlaleletsa dikwalo e tlhagisiwa mo melaong le dikaedi tse dintsi tse di diretsweng go bopa diteng mo go tshwanetseng. Dipilara tse tlhano tseo ke: * Wikipedia ke ensaetlolopedia * Wikipedia e kwadilwe ka tsela e e sa tseyeng letlhakore * Diteng tsa Wikipedia ke tsa mahala tse mongwe le mongwe a ka di dirisang, a di tlaleletsa, le go di anamisa * Bakwadi ba Wikipedia ba tshwanetse go tshwarana ka tlotlo le maitseo * Wikipedia ga e na melao e e kgopo Melao e e tlhamilweng ke badirisi e bolokwa mo lefelong la maina la Wikipedia, mme bakwai ba Wikipedia ba kwala le go tlhabolola melao le dikaelo tsa webosaete go ya ka tumalano ya badirisi. <ref name="pcworld who's behind WP">{{Cite web |date=February 6, 2008 |title=Who's behind Wikipedia? |url=https://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/id;1866322157;fp;2;fpid;2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209110303/https://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/id%3B1866322157%3Bfp%3B2%3Bfpid%3B2 |archive-date=February 9, 2008 |access-date=February 7, 2008 |website=PC World |page=2}}</ref> Kwa tshimologong, melao ya dikgatiso tse e seng tsa Sekgoa tsa Wikipedia e ne e beilwe mo thanolong ya melao ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa. Fa e sa le ka nako eo e ile ya fapoga golo gongwe. === Melao ya diteng le dikaelo === Go ya ka melao ya morafe wa badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, lekwalo lengwe le lengwe mo Wikipedia le tshwanetse go nna le setlhogo se se maleba go nna mo [[wiktionary:encyclopedic|ensaetlolopedia]] mme e se lekwalo le le kwadilweng kana le utlwalega jaaka buka ya tlhaloso ya mafoko. Setlhogo gape se tshwanetse go fitlhelela maemo a Wikipedia a "notability", se se rayang gore setlhogo se tshwanetse gore a bo se kile sa akarediwa thata mo metsweding e e ikanyegang e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo setlhogong sa lekwalo leo. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=53–54}}Wikipedia e ikaeletse go fetisa fela kitso e e setseng e tlhomilwe gape e lemogwa ka jalo ga e a tshwanela go tlhagisa dipatlisiso tsa ntlha tsa setlhogo sa palo. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=32}}Ditlhogo tsa dipalo tse dingwe, jaaka tsa mapolotiki le barutegi, di na le melwana e e kgethegileng. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=53–54}}La bofelo, Wikipedia e tshwanetse go supa karolo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore. Se se fitlhelelwa ka go soboka metswedi e e ikanyegang, go dirisa puo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore, le go tlhomamisa gore go tlhagisiwa dintlha tse dintsintsi go ikaegile ka gore di tlhagelela go le kana kang. Dikgang/kitso gape e tshwanetse gore a bo e ka netefadiwa. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=5–7}}Lekwalo le le senang dinopolo le ka nna la tshwaiwa kgotsa la phimolwa gotlhelele. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=33}}Se ka dinako tse dingwe se ka dira gore go phimolwe lekwalo(tshedimosetso) , le fa e le boammaaruri, e le gore ga e na metswedi sentle. <ref name="IHT WP valid info wrong removable 1">{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Noam|author-link=Noam Cohen|date=August 9, 2011|title=For inclusive mission, Wikipedia is told that written word goes only so far|page=18|newspaper=[[International Herald Tribune]]}}</ref> Jaaka fa melao ya Wikipedia e ntse e fetoga mo tsamaong ya nako, gape e nna dingalo, palo ya yone e ile ya gola. Ka 2008, go ne go na le ditsebe tsa melao di le masome a mane le bone le ditsebe tsa dikaelo di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a le mane le boferabobedi (248); ka 2013, barutegi ba ne ba bala ditsebe tsa melao di le makgolo a le mararo le masome a le boferabobedi le boraro (383) le ditsebe tsa dikaelo di le makgolo a le mane le masome a le mane le boferabongwe (449). <ref name="Ren-2024"/> == Tsamaiso/Puso == Puso ya ntlha ya Wikipedia e ne ya kopanya dikarolo tsa puso ya batho ka batho le tsa tatelano ya maemo fa nako e ntse e tsamaya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanger |first=Larry |author-link=Larry Sanger |date=April 18, 2005 |title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir |url=https://features.slashdot.org/story/05/04/18/164213/the-early-history-of-nupedia-and-wikipedia-a-memoir |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525051304/http://features.slashdot.org/features/05/04/18/164213.shtml |archive-date=May 25, 2009 |access-date=January 24, 2023 |website=[[Slashdot]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kostakis |first=Vasilis |date=March 2010 |title=Identifying and understanding the problems of Wikipedia's peer governance: The case of inclusionists versus deletionists |url=https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2613/2479 |url-status=live |journal=First Monday |volume=15 |issue=3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310125049/https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2613/2479 |archive-date=March 10, 2021 |access-date=March 26, 2021}}</ref> Lekwalo ga le tsewe e le la motlhami wa lone kgotsa mokwadi ope yo mongwe, le fa e le yo go buiwang ka ene (setlhogo) mo go lone. Bakwadi ba ba mo maemong a a siameng mo morafeng ww badirisi ba ka kopa ditshwanelo tse dingwe tsa bodirisi, se se ka ba nayang bokgoni jwa setegeniki jwa go dira ditiro dingwe tse di kgethegileng. Ditshwanelo dingwe tsa bodirisi di neelwa ka go itirisa (automatically), jaaka ditlhopha tse ''di netefaditsweng ka go itirisa'' le ''tse di netefaditsweng tse di atolositsweng'', fa dingwaga tsa akhaonte le diphetogo tsa dikwalo tse di batliwang di fitlhelelwa. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=12–13}} === Batsamaisi === Bakwadi ba ba nang le kitso ya bodirisi ba ka tlhopha go tsenelela ditlhopho tsa " botsamaisi ", jo bo akaretsang bokgoni jwa go phimola ditsebe kgotsa go di thibela gore di se ka tsa fetolwa mo dikgetseng tsa tshenyo e e masisi kgotsa dikgotlhang tsa dikwalo. Batsamaisi ga ba a tshwanela go nna le dithata dipe tse di kgethegileng tsa go dira ditshwetso; go na le seo, dithata tsa bone di lekanyeditswe thata mo go direng diphetogo tse di botlhokwa thata tsa mananeo mme ka jalo ga di letlelelwe bakwadi ba ba tlwaelesegileng, le go diragatsa dithibelo tse di ikaeletseng go thibela bakwadi ba ba kgoreletsang go dira diphetogo tse di senang mosola. <ref name=":6" group="W" /> Ka 2012, bakwadi ba le mmalwa ba ne ba nna batsamaisi fa ba bapisiwa le dingwaga tsa pele tsa Wikipedia, bontlhabongwe jwa lobaka la kgang e e le gore thulaganyo ya go tlhatlhoba batsamaisi ba ba ka nnang teng e ne e setse e gagametse thata. <ref name="Meyer-2012"/> Ka 2022, go ne ga nna le kopo e e neng ya baka dikganetsano thata ya botsamaisi ka ga maikutlo a ntlhopheng yo o neng a le kgatlhanong le Trump; kwa bofelong, ba ne ba newa botsamaisi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrison |first=Stephen |date=June 16, 2022 |title=Inside Wikipedia's Historic, Fiercely Contested "Election" |url=https://slate.com/technology/2022/06/wikipedia-administrator-election-tamzin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824123521/https://slate.com/technology/2022/06/wikipedia-administrator-election-tamzin.html |archive-date=August 24, 2022 |access-date=July 22, 2022 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]}}</ref> === Tharabololo ya dikgotlhang === Mo tsamaong ya nako, Wikipedia e tlhamile thulaganyo ya go rarabolola dikgotlhang e e sa tlhomamang tota-tota. Go tlhomamisa tumalano gareng ga morafe wa badirisi, bakwadi ba ka tlhagisa dikgang kwa makgotlaneng a badirisi a a maleba, ba batla dikakgelo kwa ntle ka dikopo tsa maikutlo a boraro, kgotsa ba simolola dipuisano tsa morafe wa badirisi ka kakaretso, yo o bidiwang "kopo ya kakgelo", e mo go yone di-bot di tsenyang puisano eo mo lenaneong le le kopantsweng la dipuisano, mme bakwadi a bo ba lalediwa go tsaya karolo, mme morago ba sutlhe puisano eo mo lenaneong morago ga malatsi a le masome a boraro. Le fa go ntse jalo, bakwadi ba na le tshwanelo ya go tswala (le go sutlha) puisano eo pele kgotsa morago ga nako. Fa maduo a puisano a sa bonale sentle, mokwadi yo o gaufi yo o sa amegeng yo gantsi a leng mo maemong a a siameng a ka ntsha katlholo go ya ka maatla a mabaka a a ntshiwang le palo ya batho ba ba ngangisanang mo matlhakoreng otlhe. <ref name="Bandler-2024">{{Citation|last=Bandler|first=Aaron|date=June 21, 2024|title=Wikipedia Editors Label ADL Only Reliable for Antisemitism When 'Israel and Zionism Are Not Concerned'|url=https://jewishjournal.com/news/united-states/372532/wikipedia-editors-label-adl-only-reliable-for-antisemitism-when-israel-and-zionism-are-not-concerned/|access-date=May 3, 2025}}</ref> Badirisi ba Wikipedia ba gatelela gore thulaganyo e ga se go tlhopha ka go umaka dipego tsa maikutlo mo dipuisanong tseo jaaka "!vote", e mo go lone letshwao la kgakgamatso e leng letshwao la go ganetsa ka tsela e e utlwalang mme le bidiwa "nnyaa". <ref>{{Citation|last=Harrison|first=Stephen|title=Wikipedia's War on the Daily Mail|date=July 1, 2021|work=Slate|url=https://slate.com/technology/2021/07/wikipedia-daily-mail-generally-unreliable.html|access-date=May 13, 2025|issn=1091-2339}}</ref> Wikipedia e rotloetsa ditharabololo tsa dikgotlhang, tse Jemielniak a reng di kgethegile thata mo dithutong tsa mokgatlho, le fa go nnile le kgatlhego ya bosheng jaana mo go ageng tumalano mo lephateng le. <ref name="Jemielniak">{{Cite book |last=Jemielniak |first=Dariusz |year=2014 |title=Common Knowledge?: An Ethnography of Wikipedia |url=https://archive.org/details/commonknowledgee0000jemi |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8047-9120-5 |location=Stanford, CA |doi=10.2307/j.ctvqsdrf9 |jstor=j.ctvqsdrf9}}</ref> Reagle le Sue Gardner ba nganga gore mekgwa ya go aga tumalano e tshwana le e e dirisiwang ke ba-Quakers . <ref name="Jemielniak" />{{Rp|page=62}}Pharologanyo le diphuthego tsa ba-Quaker ke go tlhoka motsamaisi fa go na le go sa dumalana, e leng seabe se se tshamekiwang ke mokwaledi mo diphuthegong tsa Ba-Quaker. <ref name="Jemielniak" />{{Rp|page=83}} ==== Komiti ya Katlholo ==== Komiti ya Katlholo e okametse thulaganyo ya bofelo ya tharabololo ya dikgotlhang. Le fa gantsi dikgotlhang di tsoga ka ntlha ya go sa dumalane ka megopolo e mebedi e e ganetsanang ka lekwalo le tshwanetseng go balega ka teng, Komiti ya Katlholo e gana tota ka go dira tshwetso ka tlhamalalo ka mogopolo yo o tshwanetseng go amogelwa. <ref name="Hoffman-2009">{{Cite journal |last=Hoffman |first=David A. |last2=Mehra |first2=Salil K. |date=March 5, 2009 |title=Wikitruth Through Wikiorder |url=https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/elj/vol59/iss1/3/ |url-status=live |journal=Emory Law Journal |volume=59 |issue=1 |ssrn=1354424 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613214656/https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/elj/vol59/iss1/3/ |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |access-date=November 15, 2024}}</ref> Ditshekatsheko tsa dipalopalo di supa gore komiti ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e itlhokomolosa diteng tsa dikgotlhang mme go na le moo e remelela thata mo goreng dikgotlhang di tsamaisiwe jang, e sa dire thata go rarabolola dikgotlhang le go dira kagiso fa gare ga bakwadi ba ba ganetsenang, mme e ntsha bakwadi ba ba dingalo e ntse e letla bakwadi ba tlhaga go boela go tsaya karolo gape. <ref name="Hoffman-2009"/> Ka jalo, komiti ga e laole diteng tsa dikwalo, le fa ka dinako tse dingwe e kgala diphetogo tsa diteng fa e tsaya gore diteng tse disha di tlola melao ya Wikipedia (sekai, fa diteng tse disha di tsewa di tsaya letlhakore).{{efn|The committee may directly rule that a content change is inappropriate, but may not directly rule that certain content is inappropriate.}} Ditharabololo tse di dirisiwang gantsi di akaretsa dikgalemo le go beewa leitlho thata( di dirisiwa mo dikgetseng di le masome a le marataro le boraro mo lekgolong (63%)) le go kobela ruri bakwadi mo dikwalong (masome a le mane le boraro mo lekgolong (43%)), dikgang tsa setlhogo (masome a le mabedi le boraro mo lekgolong (23%)), kgotsa mo Wikipedia (lesome le borataro mo lekgolong(16%)). <ref name="Hoffman-2009" /> Go kobelwa ruri mo go feletseng mo Wikipedia gantsi go beetswe fela dikgetse di tshwana le go ipaya o le motho yo mongwe le boitshwaro jwa go sa dirisana le batho ba bangwe sentle . Fa boitshwaro e se go ipaya o le motho yo mongwe kgotsa go nna kgatlhanong le go tshela sentle le batho ba bangwe, mme e le jwa dintwa tsa dikwalo le go roba melao e mengwe ya go tlaleletsa/kwala dikwalo, ditharabololo di na le go ema ka dikgalemo fela. <ref name="Hoffman-2009" /> == Morafe wa badirisi == [[File:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|start=00:04|thumbtime=00:16|thumb|Setshwantsho sa motshikinyego saWikimania 2005{{snd}}bokopano jwa ngwaga le ngwaga jwa badirisi ba Wikipedia le mananeo a mangwe a a tsamaisiwang ke [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]], o ne o tshwaretswe kwa Frankfurt am Main, kwa Jeremane, ka Phatwe a le malatsi a le mane go fitlhela a le boferabobedi.]] Lekwalo lengwe le lengwe le modirisi mongwe le mongwe wa Wikipedia o na le tsebe e a amanang le yone gape e e kgethegileng ya "puo". Dilo tse di bopa tsela ya konokono ya dipuisano gore bakwadi ba kgone go abelana megopolo, go rulaganya le go ngangisana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Viégas |first=Fernanda B. |author-link=Fernanda B. Viégas |last2=Wattenberg |first2=Martin M. |author-link2=Martin M. Wattenberg |last3=Kriss |first3=Jesse |last4=van Ham |first4=Frank |date=January 3, 2007 |title=Talk Before You Type: Coordination in Wikipedia |url=https://www.research.ibm.com/visual/papers/wikipedia_coordination_final.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205111038/https://www.research.ibm.com/visual/papers/wikipedia_coordination_final.pdf |archive-date=February 5, 2007 |access-date=June 27, 2008 |publisher=Visual Communication Lab, [[IBM Research]]}}</ref> Morafe wa Wikipedia o tlhalositswe fa o tswana le setlhopha sa bodumedi, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/dec/15/wikipedia.web20|title=Log on and join in, but beware the web cults|first1=Charles|last1=Arthur|date=December 15, 2005|access-date=December 26, 2008}}</ref> le fa go sa tewe ka mekgwa e e sa lolamang fela ka dinako tsotlhe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/internet/08/03/wikipedia/index.html|title=Wikipedia: The know-it-all Web site|first1=Kristie|last1=Lu Stout|publisher=CNN|date=August 4, 2003|access-date=December 26, 2008}}</ref> Go rata go nna seoposengwe ga one, le fa go tlhoka go mpampetsa mo go akaretsang go tlhokomologa dintlha tsa go itshupa, go biditswe " go nna kgatlhanong le go itseela kwa maemong a a kwa godimo " . <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Sanger |first=Larry |author-link=Larry Sanger |date=December 31, 2004 |title=Why Wikipedia Must Jettison Its Anti-Elitism |url=https://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/12/30/142458/25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101011352/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/12/30/142458/25 |archive-date=November 1, 2021 |access-date=March 26, 2021 |website=[[Kuro5hin]], Op–Ed |quote=There is a certain mindset associated with unmoderated Usenet groups [...] that infects the collectively-managed Wikipedia project: if you react strongly to trolling, that reflects poorly on you, not (necessarily) on the troll. If you [...] demand that something be done about constant disruption by trollish behavior, the other listmembers will cry "censorship", attack you, and even come to the defense of the troll. [...] The root problem: anti-elitism, or lack of respect for expertise. There is a deeper problem [...] which explains both of the above-elaborated problems. Namely, as a community, Wikipedia lacks the habit or tradition of respect for expertise. As a community, far from being elitist, it is anti-elitist (which, in this context, means that expertise is not accorded any special respect, and snubs and disrespect of expertise are tolerated). This is one of my failures: a policy that I attempted to institute in Wikipedia's first year, but for which I did not muster adequate support, was the policy of respecting and deferring politely to experts. (Those who were there will, I hope, remember that I tried very hard.)}}</ref> [[File:Editing_Hoxne_Hoard_at_the_British_Museum.ogv|right|thumb|Badiri ba Wikipedia le batlhokomedi ba [[Motlobo wa ditso wa Borithane]] ba dirisana mmogo mo lekwalong la Hoxne Hoard ka Seetebosigo 2010.]] Wikipedia ga e tlhoke gore bakwadi ba yone le ba na le seabe ba itshupe gore ke bomang. Fa Wikipedia e ntse e gola, potso ya "Ke mang yo o kwalang Wikipedia?" e ne ya nna nngwe ya dipotso tse di neng di botswa thata teng.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kittur |first=Aniket |year=2007 |title=CHI '07: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems |publisher=Viktoria Institute |chapter=Power of the Few vs. Wisdom of the Crowd: Wikipedia and the Rise of the Bourgeoisie |citeseerx=10.1.1.212.8218}}</ref> Jimmy Wales o kile a bolela gore ke fela "morafe&nbsp;... setlhopha se se ineetseng sa baithaopi ba le makgolo a le mmalwa" se se dirang bontsi jwa ditshwaelo mo Wikipedia le gore ka jalo lenaneo le "le tshwana fela le mokgatlho mongwe le mongwe yo o tlwaelesegileng". <ref name="blodget">{{Cite news|last=Blodget|first=Henry|date=January 3, 2009|title=Who The Hell Writes Wikipedia, Anyway?|work=[[Insider Inc.|Business Insider]]|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/2009/1/who-the-hell-writes-wikipedia-anyway|access-date=January 26, 2023}}</ref> Ka Wikipedia e ikaegile ka tiro ya boithaopo, bakwadi gantsi ba remelela mo dikgannyeng tse di ba kgatlhang. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=61–62}} Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e na le dikwalo di le didikadile di le bosupa le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi le boferabongwe le masome a le matlhano le bone ({{self-reference link|Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}}}), bakwadi ba ba kwadisitsweng ba le didikadike di le masome a matlhano le boraro le dikete di le makgolo a marataro le masome a le bosupa le botlhano le makgolo a le mararo le masome a le mane le bongwe ({{self-reference link|Special:ListUsers|{{NUMBEROFUSERS}}}}), le bakwadi ba ba ba tlhaga ba dinako tsotlhe ba le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a le mane le boferabongwe le makgolo a le mararo le masome a le boferabobedi le bosupa( {{self-reference link|Special:ActiveUsers|{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}}}} ). Mokwadi o tsewa a le tlhaga fa a dirile phetogo/tlaleletso e le nngwe kgotsa go feta mo malatsing a le masome a mararo a a fetileng. Bakwadi ba ba palelwang ke go sela morago mekgwa ya Wikipedia, e e tshwanang le go saena ditshwaelo tsa tsebe ya puisano, ba ka supa ka tlhamalalo gore ke batho ba ba tswang kwa ntle ga Wikipedia, mme se sa oketsa kgonagalo ya gore badirisi ba ba mo teng ga Wikipedia ba ka nna ba lebisa kgotsa ba fokotsa ditshwaelo tsa bone. Go nna modirisi yo o mo teng ga Wikipedia go akaretsa ditshenyegelo tse di sa reng sepe: motsaakarolo o solofetswe go ithuta dikhoutu tsa maranyane tse di rileng tsa Wikipedia, go ineela mo thulaganyong e ka dinako dingwe e leng dingalo ya go rarabolola dikgotlhang, le go ithuta "ngwao e e makatsang e e humileng metlae le dikakgelo tsa mo teng". <ref name="labor squeeze on WP 1" /> Bakwadi ba ba sa tseneng mo teng ga ensaetlolopedia ke " badirisi ba maemo a bobedi " mo Wikipedia ka tsela nngwe, <ref name="labor squeeze on WP 1">{{Cite journal |year=2010 |title=Wikipedia's Labor Squeeze and its Consequences |url=https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/facpubs/5/ |url-status=live |journal=Journal on Telecommunications and High Technology Law |volume=8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126220032/https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/facpubs/5/ |archive-date=January 26, 2023 |access-date=January 26, 2023 |via=Santa Clara Law Digital Commons}}</ref> ka gonne "batsayakarolo ba amogetswe semmuso ke maloko a morafe wa wiki, ba ba nang le kgatlhego e e tseneletseng mo go somareleng boleng jwa tiro e e ntshiwang, go lebilwe go nna le seabe ga bone mo go tswelelang", <ref name="legal edu and WP 1">{{Cite journal |date=March 2007 |title=Wikipedia and the Future of Legal Education |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-legal-education_2007-03_57_1/page/n8 |journal=Journal of Legal Education |publisher=[[Association of American Law Schools]] |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=3–9 |jstor=42894005}}</ref> mme ditso tsa go nna le seabe tsa bakwadi ba ba sa itsiweng ba sa ikwadisa mme ba lemogwa ka . diaterese tsa bone fela ga di amane le mokwadi ope ka tlhomamo. <ref name="legal edu and WP 1" /> Bakwadi ba basha gantsi ba sokola go tlhaloganya marara a Wikipedia. Bakwadi ba ba nang le maitemogelo/kitso ba rotloediwa gore ba seka ba "tlhasela" badirisi ba ba sha gore ba kgone go dira mowa wa go amogela batho. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=10–11}} === Dipatlisiso === Patlisiso ya 2007 e e dirilweng ke babatlisisi go tswa kwa Dartmouth College e bone gore "badirisi ba ba sa itsiweng le ba ba sa tseyeng karolo thata mo Wikipedia&nbsp;... ke motswedi o o ikanyegang wa kitso fela jaaka badirisi ba ba ikwadisang mo saeteng e". <ref name="sciam good samaritans 1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=good-samaritans-are-on-the-money|title=Wikipedia "Good Samaritans" Are on the Money|work=Scientific American|date=October 19, 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008}}</ref> Jimmy Wales o boletse ka 2009 gore "[Go] bonala gore go feta sephatlo mo lekgolong (50%) ya diphetogo tsotlhe di dirwa ke 0.7% fela ya badirisi&nbsp;... Batho ba le makgolo a matlhano le masome a mabedi le bone&nbsp;... Mme tota, bobedi mo lekgolong (2%) e etlhaga thata, e leng batho ba le sekete le makgolo a mane , ba dirile 73.4% ya diphetogo tsotlhe." <ref name="blodget"/> Le fa go ntse jalo, morulaganyi wa ''Business Insider'' gape e le mmegadikgang Henry Blodget o bontshitse ka 2009 gore mo bontlhengbongwe jwa dikwalo tse di tlhophilweng fela go sena lenaneo, bontsi jwa diteng tsa Wikipedia (tse di lekanngwang ka selekanyo sa mokwalo o o tsentsweng o o sa ntseng o le teng go fitlha ka sampole ya bosheng) di tlhamilwe ke "batho ba ba tswang kwa ntle", fa bontsi jwa go kwala le go fomata go dirwa ke "badirisi ba ba mo teng". <ref name="blodget" /> Ka 2008, setlhogo sa bukana ya ditshwantsho le dikgang y''a Slate'' e ne ya bega gore "bongwe fela mo lekgolong la badirisi ba Wikipedia ke bone ba ba dirang mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa diphetogo tsa saete e." <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.slate.com/id/2184487|title=The Wisdom of the Chaperones|date=February 22, 2008|first=Chris|last=Wilson|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|access-date=August 13, 2014}}</ref> Mokgwa o wa go sekaseka go tsaa karolo o ne wa ganetswa morago ke Aaron Swartz, yo o neng a lemotsha gore dikwalo di le mmalwa tse a neng a di tsaya disampole di ne di na le dikarolo tse ditona tsa diteng tsa tsone (tse di lekanngwang ka palo ya ditlhaka) tse di neng di dirilwe ke badirisi ba ba nang le dipalo tse di kwa tlase tsa bokwadi/go tlaleletsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Swartz |first=Aaron |date=September 4, 2006 |title=Raw Thought: Who Writes Wikipedia? |url=https://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/whowriteswikipedia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803134036/https://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/whowriteswikipedia |archive-date=August 3, 2014 |access-date=February 23, 2008}}</ref> Thutopatlisiso ya 2008 e fitlhetse gore batho ba Wikipedia ba ne ba sa dumalane thata, ba sa bulegela megopolo, e bile ba se kelo-tlhoko go feta ba bangwe, <ref name="liebertonline view on WP users 1">{{Cite journal |last=Amichai-Hamburger |first=Yair |last2=Lamdan |first2=Naama |last3=Madiel |first3=Rinat |last4=Hayat |first4=Tsahi |year=2008 |title=Personality Characteristics of Wikipedia Members |journal=CyberPsychology & Behavior |publisher=Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=679–681 |doi=10.1089/cpb.2007.0225 |pmid=18954273}}</ref> le fa kakgelo morago e ne ya supa diphoso tse di masisi, di akaretsa gore phatliso e ne e supa go bulegela megopolo mo go kwa godimo le gore dipharologano tsa setlhopha sa taolo le disampole di ne di le dinnye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGreal |first=Scott A. |date=March 11, 2013 |title=The Misunderstood Personality Profile of Wikipedia Members |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/unique-everybody-else/201303/the-misunderstood-personality-profile-wikipedia-members |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716155007/https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/unique-everybody-else/201303/the-misunderstood-personality-profile-wikipedia-members |archive-date=July 16, 2023 |access-date=June 5, 2016 |website=[[Psychology Today]]}}</ref> Go ya ka patlisiso ya 2009, go na le "bosupi jwa kganetso e e golang go tswa mo morafeng wa badirisi ba Wikipedia mabapi le diteng tse disha". <ref name="newscientist WP boom to bust 1">{{Cite web |last=Giles |first=Jim |date=August 4, 2009 |title=After the boom, is Wikipedia heading for bust? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17554-after-the-boom-is-wikipedia-heading-for-bust.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421215605/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17554-after-the-boom-is-wikipedia-heading-for-bust.html |archive-date=April 21, 2015 |access-date=September 18, 2017 |website=New Scientist}}</ref> === Kabakanyo ya badirisi === Dipatlisiso di le mmalwa di supile gore bontsi jwa batsaakarolo ba ba ithaopileng mo Wikipedia ke banna. Maduo a patlisiso ya [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] ka 2008 a supile gore bakwadi ba Wikipedia ba le lesome le boraro mo lekgolong(13%) fela e ne e le basadi. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Noam|author-link=Noam Cohen|title=Define Gender Gap? Look Up Wikipedia's Contributor List|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/31/business/media/31link.html?_r=0|work=The New York Times|date=January 31, 2011|access-date=October 28, 2013}}</ref> Ka ntlha ya se, dikolo tsa dithuto tse di kgolwane go ralala United States di ne tsa leka go kgothatsa basadi go nna batsaakarolo ba Wikipedia. <ref name="CBC News-2013" /> Ka tsela e e tshwanang, bontsi jwa dikolo tse di kgolwane tse, di akaretsa Yale le Brown, di ne di akgola baithuti ba ba tlhamang kgotsa ba ba tlaleletsa lekwalo le le amanang le basadi mo go tsa maranyane kgotsa mafaratlhatlha.<ref name="CBC News-2013">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ocad-to-storm-wikipedia-this-fall-1.1412807|title=OCAD to 'Storm Wikipedia' this fall|work=CBC News|date=August 27, 2013|access-date=August 21, 2014}}</ref> Andrew Lih, morutintshi-mogolo gape e le mankge wa maranyane, o ne a re lebaka la go bo a ne a akanya gore palo ya banna ba ba nang le seabe e feta palo ya basadi thata ke ka gore go itshupa o le mosadi go ka nna ga dira gore motho a ipeye mo kotsing ya "boitshwaro jo bo maswe, jo bo tshosang". <ref name="Bloomberg 2016">{{Cite news|date=December 22, 2016|title=Is Wikipedia Woke?|work=Bloomberg Businessweek|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-12-22/how-woke-is-wikipedia-s-editorial-pool?|access-date=September 21, 2022}}</ref> Dipego di supile gore MaAforika a emetswe ke dipalo tse di kwa tlase tsa bakwadi mo Wikipedia. <ref name="memeb">{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Andy |date=June 21, 2018 |title=The startling numbers behind Africa's Wikipedia knowledge gaps |url=https://memeburn.com/2018/06/wikipedia-wikimania-africa-numbers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319170357/http://memeburn.com/2018/06/wikipedia-wikimania-africa-numbers/ |archive-date=March 19, 2023 |access-date=January 26, 2023 |website=memeburn}}</ref> == Dikgatiso tsa dipuo == Mo bogompienong, go na le dikgatiso tsa dipuo di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mane le bosupa ({{NUMBEROF|active|Wikipedia}}) tsa Wikipedia (tse gape di bidiwang ''diphetolelo tsa puo'', kgotsa fela ''Wikipedias'' ). Go tloga ka {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, di-Wikipedia tse thataro tse dikgolo, ka tatelano ya palo ya dikwalo, ke tsa Sekgoa ({{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|1}}), {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|2}}, Sejeremane {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|3}}, Sefora {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|4}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|5}}, le {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|6}} . <ref name="WP list of WPs by article 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia:List of Wikipedias |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#All_Wikipedias_ordered_by_number_of_articles |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224190350/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#All_Wikipedias_ordered_by_number_of_articles |archive-date=December 24, 2018 |access-date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> DiWikipedia tsa bobedi le ya botlhano ka botona di beilwe mo maemong ao ke bot e e tlhamang dikwalo ya Lsjbot, e ka go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2013 e neng e tlhamile dikwalo di tsamaela sephatlo mo Wikipedia ya Se-Swedish, le bontsi jwa dikwalo mo Wikipedia ya Se-Cebuano le ya Se-Waray . Dipuo tse ka bobedi ke tsa Philippines . Mo godimo ga tse thataro tse di kwa godimo, di-Wikipedia tse dingwe di le lesome le bobedi di na le dikwalo tse di fetang sedikadike nngwe le nngwe ya tsone ( Se{{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|7}}, Se{{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|8}}, Se{{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|9}}, Se{{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|10}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|11}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|12}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|13}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|14}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|15}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|20}} {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|16}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|21}} {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|17}}, le {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|18}} ), tse dingwe di le bosupa go feta di na le dikwalo tse di fetang dikete di le makgolo a matlhano {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|22}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|23}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|24}}, le {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|25}} ), tse dingwe tse di masome a mane le bone ba di na le tse di fetang dikete di le lekgolo , mme di le masome a boferabobedi le bobedi di na le tse di fetang dikete di le lesome. <ref name="WP list of WPs by article 1" group="W"/> E e tona go gaisa, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, e na le dikwalo di feta didikadike di le bosupa le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi (7.2 million). Go tloga go ema ka Firikgong 2021, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e amogela masome a le mane le boferabobedi mo lekgolong (48%) ya pharakano e e kokoantsweng ya Wikipedia, mme palo e e setseng e kgaogantswe mo gareng ga dipuo tse dingwe. Dikgatiso tse di kwa godimo di le lesome di emela mo e ka nnang masome a le boferabobedi le botlhano mo lekgolong (85%) ya pharakano yotlhe. Ka Wikipedia e beilwe mo Webo ka jalo e le ya lefatshe ka bophara, batsaakarolo mo kgatisong e le nngwe ya puo ba ka nna ba dirisa diteme (tsa puo e le nngwe) tse di farologaneng kgotsa ba ka tswa ba tswa kwa mafatsheng a a farologaneng (jaaka go ntse ka kgatiso ya Sekgoa).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2026)">citation needed</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> Dipharologano tse di ka baka dikgotlhang dingwe ka ga dipharologano tsa go peleta (sekao, colour kgatlhanong ''le color'' ) <ref name="WP spelling MOS 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104005104/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |access-date=November 6, 2023 |website=Wikipedia}}</ref> kgotsa matlhakore. <ref name="WP countering bias 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104005153/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=Wikipedia}}</ref> Le fa dikgatiso tse di farologaneng tsa dipuo di tshegetswa ka melao ya lefatshe lotlhe jaaka " pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore ", di farologana mo dintlheng dingwe tsa melao le tiriso, segolobogolo mo go reng a ditshwantsho tse di sa newang teseletso ka kgololesego di ka dirisiwa ka maikaelelo a tiriso e e siameng . <ref name="WP meta fair use 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=Non-free content |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Non-free_content |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116024114/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Non-free_content |archive-date=January 16, 2023 |access-date=January 27, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> <ref name="IBM visual WP 1">{{Cite journal |last=Viégas |first=Fernanda B. |date=January 3, 2007 |title=The Visual Side of Wikipedia |url=https://www.research.ibm.com/visual/papers/viegas_hicss_visual_wikipedia.pdf |journal=Visual Communication Lab, IBM Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061024012919/https://www.research.ibm.com/visual/papers/viegas_hicss_visual_wikipedia.pdf |archive-date=October 24, 2006 |access-date=October 30, 2007}}</ref> Diteng tsa dikwalo tse di buang ka setlhogo se le sengwe di ka farologana thata magareng ga dipuo, go ikaegile ka gore bakwadi ba dirisa metswedi efe le mabaka a mangwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fians |first=Guilherme |date=September 16, 2025 |title=Wikipedia: Editing the narrative |url=https://www.ciol.org.uk/wikipedia-editing-narrative |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250924020710/https://www.ciol.org.uk/wikipedia-editing-narrative |archive-date=September 24, 2025 |access-date=September 27, 2025 |publisher=[[Chartered Institute of Linguists]]}}</ref> Jimmy Wales o tlhalositse Wikipedia jaaka "maiteko a go tlhama le go anamisa ensaetlolopedia ya mahala ya boleng jo bo kwa godimo jo kgonegang mo mothong mongwe le mongwe mo lefatsheng ka puo ya gagwe". Le fa kgatiso nngwe le nngwe ya puo e dira e ikemetse ilka nosi, go dirwa maiteko mangwe a go di okamela tsotlhe. Di golagantswe ka bontlhabongwe ke Meta-Wiki, le wiki ya Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia e e neetsweng go tlhokomela mananeo otlhe a yone (Wikipedia le a mangwe). <ref name="WP metawiki maintenance 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=Meta-Wiki |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714061722/https://meta.wikimedia.org/ |archive-date=July 14, 2013 |access-date=March 24, 2009 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Sekai, Meta-Wiki e fa dipalopalo tse di botlhokwa mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa puo tsa Wikipedia, <ref name="WP meta stats 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=Meta-Wiki Statistics |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Statistics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080326192946/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Statistics |archive-date=March 26, 2008 |access-date=March 24, 2008 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> gape e tlhokomela lenaneo la dikwalo tse Wikipedia nngwe le nngwe e tshwanetseng go nna le tsone. <ref name="WP meta articles on all sites 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=List of articles every Wikipedia should have |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_articles_every_Wikipedia_should_have |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321020418/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_articles_every_Wikipedia_should_have |archive-date=March 21, 2008 |access-date=March 24, 2008 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Lenaneo le le amana le diteng tsa kwa tshimologong tsa dithuto: bayokerafi, ditso, dithuto tsa dipopego tsa lefatshe, tsa setšhaba, setso, maranyane, mafaratlhatlha, le dipalo. <ref name="WP meta articles on all sites 1" group="W" /> Ga go thona gore dikwalo tse di amanang thata le puo e e rileng di se ka tsa nna le tse di tshwanang le tsone mo kgatisong e nngwe. Sekai, dikwalo tse di buang ka ditoropo tse dinnye kwa United States di ka nna tsa nna teng fela ka Sekgoa, le fa di fitlhelela ditlhokego tse di kgethegileng tsa mananeo a Wikipedia tsa dipuo tse dingwe. [[File:User_-_demography.svg|thumb|Palo kakanyetso ya botsaakarolo go tswa mo dikgaolong tse di farologaneng mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka bophara go ya kwa dikgatisong tse di farologaneng tsa Wikipedia <ref name="PLoS One 2012" />]] Dikwalo tse di ranotsweng di emela fela karolo e nnye ya dikwalo mo dikgatisong di le dintsi, ka gore dikgatiso tseo ga di letlelele gore dikwalo di ranolwe ka botlalo mo go itirisang (automated). Dikwalo tse di leng teng ka dipuo tse di fetang bongwe di ka fa "dikgokagano tsa interwiki", tse di golaganyang le dikwalo tse di tshwanang le tsone mo dikgatisong tse dingwe. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Massa |first=Paolo |last2=Scrinzi |first2=Federico |date=January 4, 2013 |title=Manypedia: Comparing language points of view of Wikipedia communities |journal=[[First Monday (journal)|First Monday]] |volume=18 |issue=1 |doi=10.5210/fm.v18i1.3939 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Manual:Interwiki |url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Interwiki |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203112631/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Interwiki |archive-date=December 3, 2010 |access-date=January 27, 2023 |website=MediaWiki |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Thuto-patlisiso e e gatisitsweng ke ''PLOS One'' ka 2012 le yone e ne ya nna le palo kakanyetso ya dikarolo tsa go nna le seabe mo dikgatisong tse di farologaneng tsa Wikipedia go tswa kwa dikgaolong tse di farologaneng tsa lefatshe. E ne ya bega gore selekanyo sa diphetogo tse di dirilweng go tswa kwa Amerika Bokone e ne e le masome a le matlhano le bongwe mo lekgolong (51%) mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, le masome a le mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong (25%) mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e e motlhofo . <ref name="PLoS One 2012">{{Cite journal |last=Yasseri |first=Taha |last2=Sumi |first2=Robert |last3=Kertész |first3=János |author-link3=János Kertész |date=January 17, 2012 |title=Circadian Patterns of Wikipedia Editorial Activity: A Demographic Analysis |journal=[[PLOS One]] |volume=7 |issue=1 |arxiv=1109.1746 |bibcode=2012PLoSO...730091Y |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0030091 |pmc=3260192 |pmid=22272279 |doi-access=free |article-number=e30091}}</ref> === Dipalo tsa bakwadi ba Wikipedia ya Sekgoa === Ka Mopitlo a rogwa, 2014, ''The Economist'', mo lekwalong la setlhogo sa "Isago ya Wikipedia", e ne ya umaka tshekatsheko e e amanang le tshedimosetso e e gatisitsweng ke Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia e e bolelang gore "palo ya bakwadi ba mofuta wa puo ya Sekgoa e wetse tlase ka nngwetharong mo dingwageng di le bosupa." <ref name="economist1">{{Cite news|date=March 1, 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|access-date=March 11, 2014}}</ref> Seelo sa go tlhokafala ga bakwadi ba ba tlhaga mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa se ne sa umakiwa ke ''The Economist'' jaaka se se farologaneng thata le dipalopalo tsa Wikipedia e e mo dipuong tse dingwe (Wikipedia e e seng ya Sekgoa). ''The Economist'' e ne ya bega gore palo ya ba na le seabe ba ba nang le palogare ya diphetogo di le tlhano kgotsa go feta ka kgwedi e ne e eme golo go le gongwe fa e sale ka 2008 mo Wikipedia ya dipuo tse dingwe, e le bakwadi ba ka nna dikete di masome a mane le bobedi (42 000) mo gare ga dipharologano tse e seng tsa sepe tsa dipaka tsa bakwadi ba ka nna dikete di le pedi go ya kwa godimo kgotsa kwa tlase. Palo ya bakwadi ba ba tlhaga mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, fa e bapisiwa mo go tsepameng, e ne ya umakiwa e le kwa setlhoeng ka 2007 e tsamaela dikete di le masome a matlhano (50,000) mme ya wela kwa tlase go nna dikete di le masome a mararo (30,000) kwa tshimologong ya 2014. <ref name="economist1" /> Go farologana le seo, tshekatsheko ya Wikipedia ka dipuo tse dingwe (Wikipedia e e seng ya Sekgoa) e supa katlego mo go tshwareng bakwadi ba ba tlhaga ka tsela e e kgonang go ntšhwafadiwa le e e tswelelang, ka dipalo tsa bone di nna di sa fetoge di nna fela fa diketeng di le masome mane le bobedi. Ga gona kakgelo epe e e dirilweng mabapi le maemo a a farologaneng a melao ya bokwadi mo Wikipedia ka dipuo tse dingwe (Wikipedia e e seng ya Sekgoa) e ka ntshang tsela e nngwe e e kgonegang mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa go tokafatsa sentle dielo tsa go tlhokafala ga bakwadi mo Wikipedia ya puo ya Sekgoa. <ref name="economist1"/> == Kamogelo == <sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;">[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia&action=edit &#x5B; tlhabolola &#x5D;]</sup> [[Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014]] [[Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements]] <ref name="Jemielniak"/> Ba ba neng ba e sekaseka ba boletse gore Wikipedia e bontsha go tsaya letlhakore ka tsela e e sa siamang .Ka 2010, mokwadi wa ditlhogo le mmegadikgang Edwin Black o ne a tlhalosa Wikipedia e le motswako wa "boammaaruri, bonnete jo bo sa felelang, le maaka mangwe". <ref name="EdwinBlack">{{Cite news|first=Edwin|last=Black|author-link=Edwin Black|date=April 19, 2010|work=[[History News Network]]|publisher=[[Columbian College of Arts and Sciences]]|title=Wikipedia – The Dumbing Down of World Knowledge|url=https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/125437|access-date=October 21, 2014}}</ref> Metswedi e le mmalwa ya dikgang le baitseanape ba beile Wikipedia molato wa go tsaya letlhakore mo megopolong . Motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia Larry Sanger, yo o tlogetseng Wikipedia ka 2002 go tlhoma diwebosaete tse di gaisanang, o boletse gore Wikipedia e fetogile "maaka" e phatlalatsa dikgang tsa molema mo sepolotiking mme a tlhagisa gore lefelo le (Wikipedia) ga le sa tlhole le ikanyega.Ka 2022, molwela-kgololesego John Stossel o ne a ntsha mogopolo wa gore Wikipedia, lenaneo le a neng a le tshegetsa ka madi nako nngwe, go ne go lebega le fetogile thata mo tsamaong ya nako mo go tseyeng letlhakore la molema, segolobogolo mo dikgannyeng tsa sepolotiki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2022 |title=Wikipedia Bias |url=https://www.johnstossel.com/wikipedia-bias/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209214140/https://www.johnstossel.com/wikipedia-bias/ |archive-date=December 9, 2022 |access-date=January 29, 2023 |website=StosselTV}}</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, beke e le nngwe morago ga go kobiwa ga ga Vibber, WMF e ne ya koba babereki ba le barataro fa e ntse e tswala [[Wikimedia Foundation|setlhopha sa yone sa Community Tech]], mme se sa gakatsa maiteko a go ithola marapo ga bakwadi le go feta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Greis |first=Friedhelm |date=28 May 2026 |title=Nach Entlassung von Entwicklern: Wikipedia-Autoren drohen mit Streik |trans-title=After dismissal of developers Wikipedia writers threaten strike |url=https://www.golem.de/news/nach-entlassung-von-entwicklern-wikipedia-autoren-drohen-mit-streik-2605-209132.html |url-status=live |access-date=2026-06-15 |website=Golem.de |language=de}}</ref> Baokamedi ba WMF ba ne ba bolela gore babereki ba Community Tech ba ka dira dikopo tsa maemo a a farologaneng mo mokgatlhong, le gore thulaganyo ya lenaneo la dikeletso e tla rulaganngwa sesha, gape gore WMF e tla amogela lekgotlana le le bonang tshegetso e bontsi go tswa mo babereking. Ba bangwe ba ne ba tshwaya diphoso ka tsela e e tshwanang. <ref name="Orlowski2005">{{Cite news|last=Orlowski|first=Andrew|date=December 16, 2005|title=Wikipedia science 31% more cronky than Britannica's Excellent for Klingon science, though|url=https://www.theregister.com/2005/12/16/wikipedia_britannica_science_comparison/|access-date=February 25, 2019}}</ref> Moitseanape wa tsa Itsholelo Tyler Cowen o ne a kwala jaana: "Fa ke ne ke ka tshwanelwa ke go akanyetsa gore a Wikipedia kgotsa setlhogo sa lekwalodikgang se se buang ka itsholelo se ka tswa se le boammaaruri morago ga go akanya ka lobaka lo loleele, ke ne ke tla tlhopha Wikipedia." O akgela ka gore metswedi mengwe ya setso ya dibuka tse e seng tsa dipolelo di na le go tlhoka tekatekano ga thulaganyo, mme maduo a padi tse, go ya ka kakanyo ya gagwe, di begwa go feta selekanyo mo dikwalong tsa dibukana tsa ditshwantsho mmogo le tshedimosetso e botlhokwa e e sa feleletsweng mo dipegong tsa dikgang. Amy Bruckman o nganga gore, ka ntlha ya palo ya basekaseki, "diteng tsa tsebe e e tlwaelesegileng ya Wikipedia tota ke mofuta o o ikanyegang go gaisa wa tshedimosetso o o kileng wa tlhamiwa". <ref name="PC 2021">{{Cite news|last=Stuart|first=S.C.|title=Wikipedia: The Most Reliable Source on the Internet?|url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/wikipedia-the-most-reliable-source-on-the-internet}}</ref> Ka Lwetse 2022, mmegadikgang wa ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' e bong Liam Mannix o ne a bolela gore: "Ga go na lebaka la go solofela gore Wikipedia e nnete .&nbsp;... Mme le fa go ntse jalo e nnete [go ntse jalo]." Batshwayadiphoso ba bolela gore go bo Wikipedia e bulegile le go tlhoka metswedi e e siameng ya bontsi jwa tshedimosetso/kitso go dira gore e se ka ya ikanyega. <ref name="TNY reliability issues 1">{{Cite news|last=Schiff|first=Stacy|author-link=Stacy Schiff|date=July 23, 2006|title=Know It All|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|access-date=January 29, 2023}}</ref> Go tsibogela kgang ya bakwadi ba ba duelwang go bua ka dikgang dingwe le dikgang tsa go bokwadi tse di sa senolwang, Wikipedia e ne ya bega mo lekwalong mo ''The Wall Street Journal'' gore e ne ya nonotsha melao ya yone kgatlhanong le go kwalwa/tlaleletsa mo go sa senolwang. <ref name="Elder-2014">{{Cite news|date=June 16, 2014|title=Wikipedia Strengthens Rules Against Undisclosed Editing|magazine=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DGB-35861|access-date=January 29, 2023}}</ref> Wales o gatelela gore diensaetlolopedia tsa mofuta ope fela gantsi ga di a tshwanela go dirisiwa jaaka metswedi e e ka umakiwang, mme ga go a tshwanela go ikaegiwa ka tsone. Setlhopha sa tekeletso se ne sa laelwa go ithuta pele ga ba tla mo ntlwaneng ya borutelo le go bona ditshwaelo ka bonako pele ga ba tsena (mofuta wa ntlwana ya borutelo e e fetotsweng), fa setlhopha sa taolo se ne sa newa ditaelo tse di tlhamaletseng mo ntlwaneng ya borutelo (mofuta o o tlwaelegileng wa mo ntlwaneng ya borutelo). Morago ga moo ditlhopha tse di ne tsa laelwa go dirisana mmogo go tlhama dikwalo tsa Wikipedia, tse di neng di tla bewa matshwao go ya ka boleng morago ga dithutopatlisiso. Ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a le matlhano, 2014, Julie Beck, fa a ne a kwalela bukana ya ditshwantsho ya ''The Atlantic'' mo lekwalong le le bidiwang "Motswedi wa #1 wa Dingaka wa Tshedimosetso ya Tlhokomelo le Botsogo: Wikipedia", o ne a bolela gore "sephatlo mo lekgolong sa dingaka di batla tlhaloso ya malwetsi mo saeteng ya (Wikipedia), mme bangwe ba kwala dikwalo tse ka bobone go tokafatsa boleng jwa tshedimosetso e e leng teng." Mo lekwalong le le latelang mo ''The Atlantic'' la Motsheganong a le malatsi a bosupa, ka ngwaga wa 2014, setlhogo se ne se re "A Wikipedia e ka Tsamaya e Nna Mokwalo o o Tlhomameng wa Kalafi?", Julie Beck o ne a nopola mafoko a ga James Heilman wa WikiProject Medicine a re: "Gore fela dikgokedi tsa kitso di sekasekilwe ke balekane ga go reye gore ke tsa boleng jo bo kwa godimo." Beck o ne a oketsa a re: "Wikipedia e na le thulaganyo ya yone ya go sekaseka ga balekane pele ga dikwalo di ka tlhaolwa jaaka tse di 'siameng' kgotsa tse di 'tlhagisiwang'. Heilman, yo o kileng a nna le seabe mo thulaganyong eo pele, a re kwa tlase ga 'bongwe mo lekgolong' jwa dikwalo tsa kalafi tsa Wikipedia di ne tsa atlega." <ref name="theatlantic.com" /> === Go akaretsa ditlhogo le go tsaya letlhakore === Wikipedia e batla go tlhama tshoboko ya kitso yotlhe ya batho ka sebopego sa ensaetlolopedia ya mo inthaneteng, ka setlhogo sengwe le sengwe se akareditswe ka ensaetlolipedia mo lekwalong le le lengwe. E re ka e na le di-terabyte tsa mafelo a go baya mo disiking, e ka nna le ditlhogo tse dintsi thata go feta tse di ka akarediwang ke ensaetlolopedia epe e e gatisitsweng . Selekanyo se se tlhomameng le mokgwa wa go akaretsa ditlhogo mo Wikipedia o nna o sekasekwa ke bakwadii ba yone, mme go sa dumalane ga go tlwaelesega (bona go phimola le go akaretsa ). <ref name="Economist disagreements not uncommon">{{Cite news|date=March 6, 2008|title=The battle for Wikipedia's soul|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/printedition/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10789354|access-date=March 7, 2008|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> <ref name="telegraph WP torn apart 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia: an online encyclopedia torn apart|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=November 10, 2007|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/3354752/Wikipedia-an-online-encyclopedia-torn-apart.html|access-date=November 23, 2010}}</ref> Wikipedia e na le dilo tse batho bangwe ba ka nnang ba di fitlhela di sa amogelesege, di kgopisa kgotsa di na le ditshwantsho tse di fatlhang tsa tlhakanelo dikobo. Molao wa gore "Wikipedia ga e bipe" ka dinako tse dingwe e itshupile e tsosa dikganetsano: ka 2008, Wikipedia e ne ya gana boikuelo jwa mo inthaneteng kgatlhanong le go akarediwa ga ditshwantsho tsa ga Muhammad mo kgatisong ya Sekgoa ya lekwalo la yone la ga Muhammad, go nopotswe molao o. <ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130231600/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/05/books/05wiki.html|date=February 5, 2008|title=Wikipedia Islam Entry Is Criticized|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/05/books/05wiki.html|access-date=January 30, 2023|issn=0362-4331|archivedate=January 30, 2023}}</ref> Go nna teng ga ditshwantsho tse di fatlhang tsa tlhakanelo dikobo, ga mmogo le dilo tse di masisi tsa sepolotiki le bodumedi mo Wikipedia go dirile gore di bipiwe ke balaodi ba bosetšhaba kwa China le Pakistan, gareng ga mafatshe a mangwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moon |first=Mariella |date=March 12, 2022 |title=Prominent editor of Russian Wikipedia pages detained in Belarus |url=https://www.yahoo.com/now/mark-bernstein-russian-wikipedia-pages-detained-in-belarus-104102452.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313173559/https://www.yahoo.com/now/mark-bernstein-russian-wikipedia-pages-detained-in-belarus-104102452.html |archive-date=March 13, 2022 |access-date=January 30, 2023 |website=[[Yahoo! Inc. (2017–present)|Yahoo!]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arthur |first=Charles |date=December 8, 2008 |title=Wikipedia row escalates as internet watchdog considers censoring Amazon US over Scorpions image |url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/dec/08/amazon-internet-censorship-iwf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114545/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/dec/08/amazon-internet-censorship-iwf |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=January 30, 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Ka thulaganyo ya yone ya "Wikipedia e Rata Metlobo ya dibuka", Wikipedia e dirisane mmogo le metlobo ya dibuka e metona ya setšhaba di tshwana le Motlobo wa dibuka wa Setšhaba wa New York wa dithuto tsa bodiragatsi go atolosa go akaretsa ga yone ditlhogo le dikwalo tse di sa emelwang sentle. <ref name="NYT subjects and articles">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/21/theater/editing-wikipedia-at-the-new-york-public-library-for-the-performing-arts.html|title=Wikipedia's Deep Dive Into a Library Collection|last=Petrusich|first=Amanda|work=The New York Times|date=October 20, 2011|access-date=October 28, 2011}}</ref> Patlisiso nngwe ya 2011 e e dirilweng ke babatlisisi kwa Sekolo sa dithuto tse di kgolwane sa Minnesota e bontshitse gore bakwadi ba banna le ba basadi ba remelela mo dikgannyeng tse di farologaneng tsa bokwadi. Go ne go na le basadi ba le bantsi mo setlhopheng sa "batho le dithuto ysa bodiragatsi", fa banna ba ne ba remelela thata mo tsa "lefatshe le maranyane". Mokwadi mongwe wa ''The Guardian'' ka 2014 o ne a bolela gore go dirilwe maiteko a mantsi go tlamela ka dikgokedi tsa kitso tsa lenaneo la badiragatsi ba basadi ba ditshwantsho tsa tlhakanelo dikobo go na le lenaneo la bakwadi ba basadi . <ref name="GuardianAugust2014">{{Cite news|date=August 7, 2018|title=The Guardian view on Wikipedia: evolving truth|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/07/guardian-view-wikipedia-evolving-truth|access-date=January 31, 2023}}</ref> ==== Go tsaya letlhakore ga thulaganyo ==== Melao ya Wikipedia e ka nna ya lekanyetsa "bokgoni jwa yone jwa go emela kitso ya lefatshe lotlhe ka boammaaruri". Ka sekai, Wikipedia e tsaya fela metswedi e e gatisitsweng e le e e ka ikanngwang. Kitso ya molomo ya ditso tsa Setso ga se ka metlha e bonalang mo dikgatisong. Ditlhogo tse di kgaphetsweng kwa thoko le tsone di ka tlhoka go akarediwa thata mo metsweding e e ikanyegang. Ka jalo diteng tsa Wikipedia di lekanyeditswe ka ntlha ya go tlhoka tekatekano mo go tona ga thulaganyo. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=37, 38, 47}} Dithuto tsa thuto tsa Wikipedia di bontshitse gore palogare ya motsaakarolo mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa ke monna yo mosweu wa Lekgoa yo o rutegileng, yo o nang le tshekamelo ya gore ke lekgoa la monna, wa dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano go ya kwa go di masome a mane le boferabongwe (15–49), go tswa kwa lefatsheng le le tlhabologileng, le bontsi jwa yone e leng la Bokeresete. <ref name="Livingstone2010">{{Cite journal |last=Livingstone |first=Randall M. |date=November 23, 2010 |title=Let's Leave the Bias to the Mainstream Media: A Wikipedia Community Fighting for Information Neutrality |url=https://www.journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/view/315 |url-status=live |journal=M/C Journal |volume=13 |issue=6 |doi=10.5204/mcj.315 |issn=1441-2616 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121135911/https://www.journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/view/315 |archive-date=November 21, 2022 |access-date=November 23, 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ntlha ya pono e e tsamaelanang (POV) e emetswe go feta selekanyo. <ref name="Hube2017">{{Cite book |last=Hube |first=Christoph |date=April 3, 2017 |title=Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion – WWW '17 Companion |publisher=International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee |isbn=978-1-4503-4914-7 |location=Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE |pages=717–721 |chapter=Bias in Wikipedia |doi=10.1145/3041021.3053375 |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3041021.3053375}}</ref> <ref name="Bjork-James-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Bjork-James |first=Carwil |date=July 3, 2021 |title=New maps for an inclusive Wikipedia: decolonial scholarship and strategies to counter systemic bias |journal=New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=207–228 |bibcode=2021NRvHM..27..207B |doi=10.1080/13614568.2020.1865463 |s2cid=234286415}}</ref> Go tlhoka tekatekano mo ga dipalopalo tsa bakwadi go felela go baka gore go nne le go tlhoka tekatekano mo setsong, mo go tseyeng letlhakore mo go tsa bong, le mo Wikipedia . <ref name="Ackerly-2022">{{Cite journal |last=Ackerly |first=Brooke A. |last2=Michelitch |first2=Kristin |date=2022 |title=Wikipedia and Political Science: Addressing Systematic Biases with Student Initiatives |journal=PS: Political Science & Politics |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=429–433 |doi=10.1017/S1049096521001463 |s2cid=247795102 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Beytía |first=Pablo |date=April 20, 2020 |title=Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2020 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |isbn=978-1-4503-7024-0 |series=WWW '20 |location=New York |pages=806–810 |chapter=The Positioning Matters |doi=10.1145/3366424.3383569 |access-date=May 8, 2023 |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3366424.3383569 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428132221/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3366424.3383569 |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Go na le mefuta e mebedi e e anameng ya go tsaya letlhakore, e e ''sa tlhamalalang'' (fa setlhogo se tlogetswe) le ''e e tlhamaletseng'' (fa POV e e rileng e emetswe go feta selekanyo mo lekwalong kgotsa ke dikgokedi tsa kitso). <ref name="Hube2017" /> Ditshekatsheko tsa barutegi tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia di fitlhetse gore le fa dikwalo di nna di le nnete bile di se na tshedimosetso e e fapogileng, ga di a felela e bile ga di tlhagise dipono tsotlhe ka tsela e e sa tseyeng letlhakore . <ref name="Ackerly-2022"/> Ka 2011, Wales o ne a bolela gore go sa lekalekane ga kakaretso ya ditlhogo ke sesupo sa palo ya bakwadi, a nopola ka sekai "dibuka tsa botshelo tsa basadi ba ba tumileng mo ditsong le dintlha tse di amanang le tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba sa ntseng ba le bannye". <ref name="wiki-women"/> Padi ya Phalane a le malatsi a masome a mabedi, 2013, e e kwadilweng ke Tom Simonite mo ''Tlhatlhobong ya Maranyane'' ya MIT ya setlhogo se se reng " Go wela tlase ga Wikipedia " e ne ya bua ka ditlamorago tsa go tsaya letlhakore ga thulaganyo le go fokotsega ga melawana mo [[Wikipedia|go fokotsegeng ga palo ya bakwadi]] . <ref name="Simonite-2013"/> Patlisiso e e dirilweng ke Mark Graham wa Lefelo la Inthanete la Oxford ka 2009 e bontshitse gore go anamisiwa ga ditlhogo tsa dikwalo go ya ka mafelo ga go lekalekane thata, mme Aforika ke yone e e sa emelwang sentle. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Mark |date=November 12, 2009 |title=Mapping the Geographies of Wikipedia Content |url=https://zerogeography.net/post/144973716228/mapping-the-geographies-of-wikipedia-content |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002051150/https://zerogeography.net/post/144973716228/mapping-the-geographies-of-wikipedia-content |archive-date=October 2, 2016 |website=Zerogeography}}</ref> Mo dikgatisong di le masome a mararo tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia, dikwalo le dikarolo tsa ditso ka kakaretso di ikaegile ka Yuropa mme di remeletse mo ditiragalong tsa bosheng. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Strohmaier |first=Markus |date=March 6, 2017 |title=Multilingual historical narratives on Wikipedia |url=https://search.gesis.org/research_data/SDN-10.7802-1411?doi=10.7802/1411 |publisher=[[GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences]] |chapter=KAT50 Society, Culture |doi=10.7802/1411 |quote=Wikipedia narratives about national histories (i) are skewed towards more recent events (recency bias) and (ii) are distributed unevenly across the continents with significant focus on the history of European countries (Eurocentric bias). |access-date=January 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131023846/https://search.gesis.org/research_data/SDN-10.7802-1411?doi=10.7802/1411 |archive-date=January 31, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> === Diteng tse di masisi === Wikipedia e ile ya kgalwa ka ntlha ya go letlelela tshedimosetso ka ga diteng tse di botlha thata. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Maxton|first=Richard|date=September 9, 2008|title=Wikipedia attacked over porn pages|journal=Macquarie Network|url=http://livenews.com.au/Articles/2008/09/09/Wikipedia_attacked_over_porn_pages}}</ref> Ditlhogo tse di bontshang se batshwayadiphoso bangwe ba se biditseng diteng tse di sa siamang (tse di tshwanang le boloko jwa setho, setopo, serwe sa bonna sa motho, molomo wa serwe sa bosadi, le go nna maponapona) di na le ditshwantsho tse di botlha le tshedimosetso e e feletseng e e ka bonwang motlhofo ke mongwe le mongwe yo o nang le inthanete, go akaretsa le bana. Lefelo le gape le akaretsa diteng tsa tlhakanelodikobo tse di tshwanang le ditshwantsho le ditshwantsho tsa motshikinyego tsa go itshwaratshwara dirwe tsa tlhakanelodikobo le go rota, ditshwantsho tsa zoophilia, le dinepe tsa difilimi tsa tlhakanelodikobo mo dikwalong tsa lone. Gape le na le dinepe tse e seng tsa thobalano tsa bana ba ba sa aparang . Setlhogo sa Wikipedia se se buang ka ''Virgin Killer'' —alebamo ya 1976 ya setlhopha sa mmino wa rock sa Jeremane sa Scorpions —se na le setshwantsho sa khabara ya ntlhantlha ya alebamo eno, se se bontshang mosetsana yo o sa aparang sepe yo o sa ntseng a gola . Khabara ya ntlhantlha e e neng ya gololwa e ne ya baka dikganetsano mme ga bewa e sele mo mafatsheng a mangwe. Ka Sedimonthole 2008, go kgona go bona lekwaloa Wikipedia ''ya Virgin Killer'' go ne ga thibelwa malatsi a le mane ke bontsi jwa batlamedi ba ditirelo tsa Inthanete kwa United Kingdom morago ga gore Mokgatlho wa Internet Watch (IWF) o dire tshwetso ya gore khabara ya alebamo e ne e le setshwantsho se se sa siamang se se seng kafa molaong mme wa tsenya URL ya lekwalo le mo "lenaneong la dikwalo tse di tlositsweng" la tlamela ba ditirelo tsa inthanete kwa Borithane ka lone. <ref name="Register ISP censorship">{{Cite news|title=Brit ISPs censor Wikipedia over 'child porn' album cover|first=Cade|last=Metz|newspaper=[[The Register]]|date=December 7, 2008|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/12/07/brit_isps_censor_wikipedia|access-date=May 10, 2009}}</ref> Ka Moranang 2010, Sanger o ne a kwalela Biro ya Dipatlisiso ya Bosetšhaba lekwalo, a tlhalosa matshwenyego a gagwe a gore ditlhopha tse pedi tsa ditshwantsho tse di mo Wikimedia Commons di ne di na le ditshwantsho tsa thobalano tsa bana, mme di ne di tlola molao wa puso wa Amerika wa ditshwantsho tse di leswe . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/wikipedia-rejects-child-porn-accusation-20100428-tsvh|title=Wikipedia rejects child porn accusation|date=April 29, 2010|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=May 14, 2017}}</ref> <ref name="Inquirer child abuse allegations">{{Cite news|date=April 29, 2010|title=Wikipedia denies child abuse allegations: Co-founder grassed the outfit to the FBI|work=The Inquirer|url=https://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1603521/wikipedia-denies-child-abuse-allegations|access-date=October 9, 2010|archivedate=May 1, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501174521/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1603521/wikipedia-denies-child-abuse-allegations}}</ref> Moragonyana Sanger o ne a tlhalosa gore ditshwantsho tse, tse di neng di amana le go tlhakanela dikobo le bana le tse dingwe tse di neng di amana le go tlhakanela dikobo le bana, e ne e se tsa bana ba mmatota, mme o ne a re e ne e le " ditshwantsho tse di leswe tsa go sotlaka bana ka thobalano ", ka fa tlase ga Molao wa PROTECT wa 2003 . Molao oo o thibela ditshwantsho tsa thobalano tsa bana le dinepe tsa dipopae le ditshwantsho tsa bana tse di fatlhang go ya ka molao wa Amerika . Sanger o ne a tlhagisa gape matshwenyego a gagwe ka go kgona go bona ditshwantsho tse di mo Wikipedia tse kwa dikolong. <ref name="TET child porn accusations">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia blasts co-founder's accusations of child porn on website|date=April 29, 2010|journal=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/infotech/internet/Wikipedia-blasts-co-founders-accusations-of-child-porn-on-website/articleshow/5871943.cms|access-date=April 29, 2010}}</ref> Mmueledi wa [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] Jay Walsh o ile a gana kgang ya ga Sanger ka maatla, a re Wikipedia e ne e se na "dilo tse di ka bonwang di se ka fa molaong. Fa re ne re na le tsone, re ne re tla di tlosa." Morago ga ngongorego ya ga Sanger, Wales elne ya phimola ditshwantsho tsa tlhakanelodikobo kwa ntle ga go buisana le morafe wa badirisi. Fa bakwadi ba baithaopi ba sena go nganga gore tshwetso e e dirilwe ka bonako, Wales o ne a ithaopela go tlogela dithata dingwe tse a neng a di tshwere jaaka karolo ya maemo a gagwe a go nna motlhami-mmogo. O ne a kwala mo molaetseng o o yang kwa lenaneong la go romela melaetsa la Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia gore kgato e ne e le "mo kgatlhegong ya go rotloetsa dipuisano ka ga dikgang tsa mmatota tsa filosofi/diteng, go na le go nna ka ga me le ka fa ke tsereng kgato ka bonako ka teng". <ref name="BBC News Wales cedes rights">{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/10104946.stm|title=Wikimedia pornography row deepens as Wales cedes rights|work=BBC News|date=May 10, 2010|access-date=May 19, 2010}}</ref> Batshwayadiphoso, ba akaretsa le Wikipediocracy, ba ne ba lemoga gore bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse di fatlhang tse di phimotsweng mo Wikipedia fa e sale ka 2010 di tlhagile gape. <ref name="XBIZ">{{Cite news|date=September 17, 2013|title=Wikipedia Gives Porn a Break|work=XBIZ.com|url=https://newswire.xbiz.com/view.php?id=169017|access-date=November 10, 2013}}</ref> === Sephiri === Matshwenyego mangwe a sephiri mo kgannyeng ya Wikipedia a amana le tshwanelo ya motho ya go nna moagi yo o ikemetseng go na le go nna motho wa setšhaba mo matlhong a molao. <ref>{{Cite book |last=McStay |first=Andrew |date=2014 |title=Privacy and Philosophy: New Media and Affective Protocol |publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]] |isbn=978-1-4541-9163-6 |series=Digital Formation |volume=86 |doi=10.3726/978-1-4539-1336-9}}</ref>{{efn|See [https://web.archive.org/web/20101130081035/https://texaspress.com/index.php/publications/law-media/731-law-a-the-media-in-texas--libel-cases "Libel"] by David McHam for the legal distinction.}} Ke ntwa fa gare ga tshwanelo ya go sa itsiwe mo inthaneteng le tshwanelo ya go sa itsiwe mo botshelong jwa mmatota . Melao ya sephiri ya Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia e bolela gore, "re dumela gore ga o a tshwanela go tlhoka go tlamela ka tshedimosetso ya gore o mang gore o nne le seabe mo mokgatlhong wa kitso ya mahala", mme e bolela gore "tshedimosetso ya gago" e ka nna ya abelanwa "Ka mabaka a semolao", "Go Go Sireletsa, Rona le Ba bangwe", kgotsa "Go Tlhaloganya le go Lekeletsa". <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Privacy policy |url=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131204008/https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy |archive-date=January 31, 2023 |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Ferikgong 2006, kgotlatshekelo ya Jeremane e ne ya laela gore Wikipedia ya Jeremane e tswalwe mo teng ga Jeremane ka gonne e ne e bolela leina ka botlalo la ga Boris Floric, aka "Tron", yo o neng a tlhasela mo maranyaneng yo o tlhokafetseng. Ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2006, taelo e e neng e le kgatlhanong le Wikimedia Deutschland e ne ya menolwa, mme kgotlatshekelo ya gana kgopolo ya gore tshwanelo ya ga Tron ya go nna le sephiri kgotsa ya batsadi ba gagwe e ne e gatakiwa. <ref name="heise Tron public issue 1">{{Cite news|last1=Kleinz|first1=Torsten|title=Gericht weist einstweilige Verfügung gegen Wikimedia Deutschland ab [Update]|url=https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Gericht-weist-einstweilige-Verfuegung-gegen-Wikimedia-Deutschland-ab-Update-173587.html|work=Heise Online|publisher=[[Heinz Heise]]|date=September 2, 2006|language=de}}</ref> Wikipedia e na le " " se se dirisang Znuny, e leng lefelo la sofotewere ya mahala ya motswedi o o bulegileng sa OTRS <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Volunteer Response Team |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Volunteer_Response_Team |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202072211/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Volunteer_response_team |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> go emelana le dipotso ntle le tlhoka go senola maina a batho ba ba amegang. Se se dirisiwa, ka sekai, mo go netefatseng tetla ya go dirisa ditshwantsho le metswedi e mengwe ya dikgang mo lenaneong. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=OTRS – A flexible Help Desk and IT-Service Management Software |url=https://www.otrs.com/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030215341/https://www.otrs.com/en/ |archive-date=October 30, 2013 |access-date=June 9, 2012 |website=Open Technology Real Services |publisher=OTRS.com}}</ref> Mo bokhutlong jwa Moranang 2023, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o itsisitse gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e ineela mo ditlhomamisong dipe tsa dingwaga tse di ka tlhokwang ke molao wa UK wa Molao wa Pabalesego ya Inthanete . Rebecca MacKinnon wa Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o ne a bolela gore go tlholwa mo go ntseng jalo go tlaa lhulana le boineelo jwa webosaete jwa go kokoanya tshedimosetso e nnye ka batho ba ba tsenyang letsogo le babadi ba yone. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-65388255|title=Wikipedia will not perform Online Safety Bill age checks|work=BBC|date=April 28, 2023|access-date=May 1, 2023}}</ref> === Kgethololo ya bong === Wikipedia e ne ya tlhalosiwa ka 2015 e le lefelo le e nang le setso sa ntwa sa [[Go Tlhaola Batho ka Bong|go tlhaola batho ka bong]] le go tshwenya . <ref name="Paling">{{Cite web |last=Paling |first=Emma |date=October 21, 2015 |title=Wikipedia's Hostility to Women |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/10/how-wikipedia-is-hostile-to-women/411619/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231105811/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/10/how-wikipedia-is-hostile-to-women/411619/ |archive-date=December 31, 2022 |access-date=October 24, 2015 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Auerbach |first=David |date=December 11, 2014 |title=Encyclopedia Frown |url=https://www.slate.com/articles/technology/bitwise/2014/12/wikipedia_editing_disputes_the_crowdsourced_encyclopedia_has_become_a_rancorous.html |url-status=live |journal=Slate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023233133/http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/bitwise/2014/12/wikipedia_editing_disputes_the_crowdsourced_encyclopedia_has_become_a_rancorous.html |archive-date=October 23, 2015 |access-date=October 24, 2015}}</ref> Go lemogiwa ga tiriso ya puo e e sotlang gone ga buiwa fa e le lebaka le le neng la tlhagisiwa ka 2013 la go tlhoka tekatekano ya bong jwa bakwadi Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Murphy|first=Dan|date=August 1, 2013|title=In UK, rising chorus of outrage over online misogyny|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/Backchannels/2013/0801/In-UK-rising-chorus-of-outrage-over-online-misogyny|access-date=February 1, 2023}}</ref> Go nnile le di-Edit-a-thon go rotloetsa bakwadi ba basadi le go oketsa go akaretsa dikgang tsa basadi. <ref>{{Cite news|title=High Museum to host virtual Wikipedia edit-a-thon to boost entries about women|url=https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/high-museum-host-virtual-wikipedia-edit-thon-boost-entries-about-women/TxxMEMGWHqFfaNMpV8y9DN/|access-date=October 24, 2020}}</ref> Ka Motsheganong 2018, mokwadi wa Wikipedia o ne a gana lekwalo le le neng le rometswe ka Donna Strickland ka ntlha ya go tlhoka go begwa mo metsweding ya dikgang. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Draft:Donna Strickland |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Donna_Strickland&oldid=842614385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114656/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Donna_Strickland&oldid=842614385 |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> <ref name="Schlanger-2018">{{Cite web |last=Schlanger |first=Zoë |last2=Purtill |first2=Corinne |date=October 2, 2018 |title=Wikipedia rejected an entry on a Nobel Prize winner because she wasn't famous enough |url=https://qz.com/1410909/wikipedia-had-rejected-nobel-prize-winner-donna-strickland-because-she-wasnt-famous-enough/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025085329/https://qz.com/1410909/wikipedia-had-rejected-nobel-prize-winner-donna-strickland-because-she-wasnt-famous-enough/ |archive-date=October 25, 2018 |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}</ref> Dikgwedi di le tlhano morago ga tiragalo e, Strickland o ne a gapa Seetsele sa Nobel mo dithutong tsa Maranyane gore o na "le ditlhamo tse di tona mo lephateng la Maranyane a laser", mme a nna mosadi wa boraro go amogela seetsele se. <ref name="Schlanger-2018" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2, 2018 |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/press-release/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002141926/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/press-release/ |archive-date=October 2, 2018 |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=The Nobel Prize}}</ref> Pele ga a fenya seetsele se, Strickland o ne a umakiwa fela mo Wikipedia mo lekwalong le le neng le bua ka mmereki ka ene le mofenyi-mmogo wa seetsele e bong Gérard Mourou . <ref name="Schlanger-2018" /> Go kgaphelwa thoko ga gagwe mo Wikipedia go ne ga dira gore Wikipedia e bonwe molato wa go tlhaola batho ka bong, mme Corinne Purtill yo o neng a kwalela ''Quartz'' o ne a bolela gore "gape ke thuto e e tlhamaletseng ka dikotsi tsa go kgetholola ka bong mo metsweding ya dikgang, le ditlamorago tse di anameng tsa go sa emelwe sentle." <ref name="Purtill-2018">{{Cite web |last=Purtill |first=Corinne |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Sexism at Wikipedia feeds off the sexism in the media |url=https://qz.com/1412718/wikipedia-has-a-problem-with-sexism-so-does-the-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201022552/https://qz.com/1412718/wikipedia-has-a-problem-with-sexism-so-does-the-media |archive-date=February 1, 2023 |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}</ref> Purtill o amanya kgang e le go tlhoka tekatekano ga bong mo go begeng ga bobegakgang. <ref name="Purtill-2018" /> Patlisiso e e tseneletseng ya 2008, e e gatisitsweng ka 2016, ke Julia B. Bear wa Sekolo sa dithuto tse di kgolwane tsa Kgwebo ya sa Stony Brook le Benjamin Collier wa Sekolo sa dithuto tse di kgolwane sa Carnegie Mellon ba fitlhetse dipharologano tse di tona tsa bong mo go tshepeng boitseanape, go sa phuthologa ga bakwadi, le go tsibogela ditshwaelo tse di botlhokwa. "Basadi ba begile gore ga ba tshepe boitseanape jwa bone, ba tlhagisitse go sa phuthologa mo go tona mo bokwading(se gantsi se akaretsang kgotlhang), mme ba begile maikutlo a a seng molemo thata mo ditshwaelong tse di botlhokwa fa ba bapisiwa le banna." <ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 4, 2016 |title=Where are the Women in Wikipedia ? – Understanding the Different Psychological Experiences of Men and Women in Wikipedia |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-015-0573-y |url-status=live |journal=Sex Roles |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer Science]] |volume=74 |issue=5–6 |pages=254–265 |doi=10.1007/s11199-015-0573-y |s2cid=146452625 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027122538/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-015-0573-y |archive-date=October 27, 2021 |access-date=June 27, 2021}}</ref> === ''Dikwalo tse di tseneletseng tse di boferabongwe '' === ''"Dithesis di le boferabongwe"'' di kaya mogopolo wa diphetogo o o gatisitsweng ke Larry Sanger ka Phalane 2025. ''Dithesis tse di boferabongwe'' tsa ga Sanger mo Wikipedia di tlhagisa lenaneo la tshekatsheko e e botlhokwa la diphetogo la Wikipedia. Mogopolo o ke karolo ya maiteko a gagwe a a anameng a go lebagana le se Sanger a se tsayang e le dikgang tsa thulaganyo mo teng ga Wikipedia, tse di akaretsang, go tsaya letlhakore ga megopolo, go tlhoka go nna mo pepeneneng mo maemong a bakwadi, le tsamaiso e e sa direng sentle ya go dira ditshwetso e e theilweng morago ga ditumalano. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-04 |title=Wikipedia Co-Founder Unveils Plan To Fix Website's Biased 'Engine of Defamation' |url=https://www.nysun.com/article/wikipedia-co-founder-unveils-plan-to-fix-websites-biased-engine-of-defamation |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=The New York Sun |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-11 |title=Nine Theses on Wikipedia |url=https://larrysanger.org/nine-theses/ |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=LarrySanger.org |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tsamaiso == === Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia le mekgatlho e e amanang le one === [[File:Sue_Gardner_during_her_presentation_at_Wikimania_2013.jpg|thumb|Sue Gardner, mookamedi mogolo wa ntlha, ka 2013 kwa Wikimania]] Wikipedia e tshwarwa le go tlamelwa ka madi ke [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]], e leng mokgatlho o o sa direng dipoelo gape o tsamaisang mananeo a a amanang le Wikipedia tse di tshwanang le Wiktionary le Dibuka tsa Wikipedia . <ref group="W">{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2018 |title=Wikimedia Projects |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/our-work/wikimedia-projects/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011065720/https://wikimediafoundation.org/our-work/wikimedia-projects/ |archive-date=October 11, 2023 |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Mokgatlho o o ikaegile ka meneelo ya setšhaba le dithuso tsa madi go duelela ditiro tsa one. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Wikimedia's approach to coronavirus: Staffers can work 20 hours a week, get paid for full time|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/03/17/wikimedias-approach-coronavirus-staffers-can-work-20-hours-week-get-paid-full-time/|access-date=February 25, 2021|date=March 17, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="financialstatements" group="W">{{Cite web |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. – Consolidated Financial Statements – June 30, 2022 and 2021 |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/2/26/Wikimedia_Foundation_FY2021-2022_Audit_Report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114545/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/2/26/Wikimedia_Foundation_FY2021-2022_Audit_Report.pdf |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=June 5, 2016 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Pampiri ya 990 ya Tirelo ya Lotseno ya 2020 e bontsha lotseno lwa $124,60.&nbsp;milione le ditshenyegelo tse e ka nnang tsa $112,200 &nbsp;milione, ka dithoto tse di ka nnang $1 200,20 milione le tse di duelelwang di ka nna $11&nbsp;milione. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |date=May 17, 2022 |title=Wikimedia Foundation 2020 Form 990 |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/e/e4/Wikimedia_Foundation_2020_Form_990.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524102009/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/e/e4/Wikimedia_Foundation_2020_Form_990.pdf |archive-date=May 24, 2022 |access-date=October 14, 2014 |website=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Ka Motsheganong 2014, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o ne wa bitsa Lila Tretikov jaaka Mookamedi-mogolo wa one wa bobedi wa khuduthamaga, a tsaya marapo a ga Sue Gardner. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2014 |title=Press releases/WMF announces new ED Lila Tretikov |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/WMF_announces_new_ED_Lila_Tretikov |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503035438/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/WMF_announces_new_ED_Lila_Tretikov |archive-date=May 3, 2014 |access-date=June 14, 2014 |website=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> ''The Wall Street Journal'' e ne ya bega ka Motsheganong a le bongwe, 2014, gore dikitso tsa ga Tretikov tsa maranyane, go tswa mo dingwageng tsa gagwe kwa Sekolong sa dithuto tse di kgolwane sa California di naya Wikipedia tshono ya go tlhabologa ka tsela e e tsepameng thata e e kaelwang ke polelo ya gagwe e e boelediwang gantsi ya gore, "Tshedimosetso, fela jaaka phefo, e tlhoka go nna mahala." <ref name="Jeff Elder 2014">{{Cite news|date=May 1, 2014|title=Wikipedia's New Chief: From Soviet Union to World's Sixth-Largest Site|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DGB-34824|access-date=February 1, 2023}}</ref> <ref name="nytimes.com">{{Cite news|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114542/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/02/business/media/open-source-software-specialist-selected-as-executive-director-of-wikipedia.html?_r=0|date=May 1, 2014|title=Media: Open-Source Software Specialist Selected as Executive Director of Wikipedia|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/02/business/media/open-source-software-specialist-selected-as-executive-director-of-wikipedia.html?_r=0|access-date=February 1, 2023|archivedate=February 10, 2023}}</ref> Setlhogo sone se sa ''Wall Street Journal'' se ne sa bega ka dikaelo tse tsa tlhabololo go ya ka potsolotso le mmueledi Jay Walsh wa Wikimedia, yo o neng a " re Tretikov o tla rarabolola kgang eo ya ( go duela batho go go buelelela ) e le selo se se tlang pele. 'Tota re kgaratlhela go dira dilo mo pepeneneng .&nbsp;... Re gatelela gore go duela bakwadi go go buelelela ga go amogelesege.' Maiteko a go akaretsa batho ba ba farologaneng ba ba nang le seabe, tshegetso e e botoka ya dipuisano tsa Wikipedia, didirisiwa tse disha tsa lefatshe, go bona diteng tsa selegae bonolo, le didirisiwa tse dintsi tsa badirisi mo lefatsheng la bobedi le la boraro le tsone ke ditlapele", Walsh o ne a bolela jalo. <ref name="Jeff Elder 2014" /> Morago ga go tsamaya ga ga Tretikov mo Wikipedia ka ntlha ya mathata a a amanang le tiriso ya karolo ya "tshireletso e e feteletseng" e mefuta mengwe ya puo ya Wikipedia e e amogetseng, <ref group="W">{{Cite news|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125043521/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2014-08-13/News_and_notes|date=August 13, 2014|title=Media Viewer controversy spreads to German Wikipedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2014-08-13/News_and_notes|access-date=February 1, 2023|archivedate=January 25, 2023}}</ref> Katherine Maher o ne a nna Mookamedi-mogolo wa boraro wa Mokgatlho wa Wikipedia ka Seetebosigo 2016. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Lorente |first=Patricio |date=March 16, 2016 |title=Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees welcomes Katherine Maher as interim Executive Director |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2016/03/16/board-welcomes-katherine-maher/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114634/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2016/03/16/board-welcomes-katherine-maher/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Maher o ne a bolela gore nngwe ya ditlapele tsa gagwe e tla nna kgang ya go tshwenngwa ga bakwadi e e tlwaelesegileng mo Wikipedia jaaka go supilwe ke lekgotlana la Wikipedia ka Sedimonthole. O boleletse ''Bloomberg Businessweek'' mabapi le kgang ya go tshwenngwa a re: "Go dira gore batho ba akanye gore se ke selo se se tlang pele mo morafeng wa badirisi.&nbsp;... [mme paakanyo eo e tlhoka gore] e tshwanetse go nna go feta go bua fela." <ref name="Bloomberg 2016"/> Maher o ne a nna mokaedi wa khuduthamaga go fitlha ka Moranang 2021. <ref name="axios">{{Cite web |last=Salmon |first=Felix |date=February 4, 2021 |title=Exclusive: End of the Maher era at Wikipedia |url=https://www.axios.com/exclusive-the-end-of-the-maher-era-at-wikipedia-c1ed1408-bab7-4308-9407-db093e24c80d.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204180613/https://www.axios.com/exclusive-the-end-of-the-maher-era-at-wikipedia-c1ed1408-bab7-4308-9407-db093e24c80d.html |archive-date=February 4, 2021 |access-date=April 16, 2021 |website=Axios}}</ref> Maryana Iskander o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Mookamedimogolo yo o tsenang ka Lwetse 2021, mme a tsaya maemo a ka Firikgong 2022. O ne a bolela gore nngwe ya dilo tse a tla remelelang mo go tsone e tla nna go oketsa kabakanyo mo morafeng wa badirisi ba Wikimedia. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Lima|first=Cristiano|date=September 14, 2021|title=Wikimedia taps leader of South African nonprofit as its next CEO|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/09/14/wikipedia-maryana-iskander-ceo/|access-date=September 14, 2021|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Iskander o ne a dira go fitlha ka Firikgong 2026, fa Bernadette Meehan a ne a tsaya marapo a go nna Mookamedimogolo. Wikipedia gape e engwe nokeng ke mekgatlho le ditlhopha di le dintsi tse di dirisanang le Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia mme di tsamaisiwa ka bonosi, tse di bidiwang [[Wikimedia Foundation|ditlhopha tse di dirisanang le mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] . Tse di akaretsa dikgaolo tsa Wikimedia (tse e leng mekgatlho ya setšhaba kgotsa e e kwa tlase ga ya setšhaba, jaaka Wikimedia Deutschland le Wikimedia Fora), mekgatlho ya ditlhogo (e e tshwanang le Amical Wikimedia ya setšhaba sa puo ya Se-Catalan ), le ditlhopha tsa badirisi. Ditlhopha tse di tsaya karolo mo go rotloetseng, go tlhabololeng, le go thusa Wikipedia ka madi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikimedia chapters |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_chapters |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051112001834/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_chapters |archive-date=November 12, 2005 |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> === Ditiro tsa sofotewere le tshegetso/kemo nokeng === Go dira ga Wikipedia go ikaegile ka MediaWiki, e leng sofotewere ya wiki e e itiretsweng, e le ya mahala gape e bulegile se se kwadilweng ka PHP mme se agilwe mo thulaganyong ya polokelo ya tshedimosetso ya MySQL . <ref name="nedworks database system" group="W">{{Cite web |last=Bergsma |first=Mark |title=Wikimedia Architecture |url=https://www.nedworks.org/~mark/presentations/san/Wikimedia%20architecture.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303204708/https://www.nedworks.org/~mark/presentations/san/Wikimedia%20architecture.pdf |archive-date=March 3, 2009 |access-date=June 27, 2008 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Sofotewere e e akaretsa ditiriso tsa go dira mananeo a tshwana le puo e kgolo, dilo tse di farologaneng, thulaganyo ya go fetoladithempoleite, le go kaela gape URL . <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=MediaWiki Features |url=https://www.wikimatrix.org/show/mediawiki |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202020544/https://www.wikimatrix.org/show/mediawiki |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=WikiMatrix}}</ref> MediaWiki e na le teseletso ka fa tlase ga Teseletso ya Botlhe ya GNU (GPL) mme e dirisiwa ke mananeo otlhe a Wikimedia, ga mmogo le mananeo a mangwe a mantsi a wiki. <ref name="nedworks database system" group="W" /> <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Project:Copyrights |url=https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Project:Copyrights&oldid=262877 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022061355/https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Project:Copyrights&oldid=262877 |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=MediaWiki |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Kwa tshimologong, Wikipedia e ne e tsamaisiwa mo UseModWiki e e kwadilweng ka Perl ke Clifford Adams (Kgato ya ntlha), e kwa tshimologong e neng e tlhoka CamelCase go dira dikgokagano tsa dikwalo; mofuta wa go dirisa masaka a mabedi se ne sa tsenngwa moragonyana. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=UseMod: UseModWiki |url=https://www.usemod.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001017191620/http://www.usemod.com/cgi-bin/wiki.pl |archive-date=October 17, 2000 |website=UseModWiki}}</ref> Go simolola ka Firikgong 2002 (Kgato ya bobedi), Wikipedia e ne ya simolola go dira mo enjeneng ya wiki ya PHP e e nang le polokelo ya tshedimosetso ya MySQL; sofotewere e e ne e direlwa Wikipedia ke Magnus Manske . Sofotewere ya Kgato ya bobedi e ne ya fetolwa gangwe le gape go emelana le tlhokego e e neng e oketsega ka lobelo lo logolo . Ka Phukwi 2002 ( Kgato ya boraro ), Wikipedia e ne ya fetogela kwa sofotewereng ya kokomane ya boraro, e leng MediaWiki, e e neng e kwadilwe ke Lee Daniel Crocker . Dikatoloso di le mmalwa tsa MediaWiki di tsentswe go atolosa tiro ya sofotewere ya MediaWiki. Ka Moranang 2005, katoloso ya Lucene <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Snow |first=Michael |date=April 18, 2005 |title=Internal search function returns to service |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-04-18/Lucene_search |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731211712/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-04-18/Lucene_search |archive-date=July 31, 2012 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Vibber |first=Brion |title=[Wikitech-l&#93; Lucene search |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2005-April/016297.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330033506/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2005-April/016297.html |archive-date=March 30, 2013 |access-date=February 26, 2009 |website=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> e ne ya tsenngwa mo patlong e e diritsweng mo teng ya MediaWiki mme Wikipedia e ne ya fetoga go tswa go MySQL go ya go Lucene go dirisiwa mo patlong. Moragonyana Lucene e ne ya emisediwa ka Patlisiso ya Cirrus e e theilweng mo Patlong ya Elastic . <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Extension:CirrusSearch |url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:CirrusSearch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413230335/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:CirrusSearch |archive-date=April 13, 2021 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=MediaWiki}}</ref> Ka Phukwi 2013, morago ga go dira diteko tse di tseneletseng tsa beta, katoloso ya WYSIWYG (Se o se Bonang ke se o se fiwang), VisualEditor, e ne ya bulwa gore e dirisiwe ke botlhe. <ref name="thenextwebve">{{Cite news|title=Wikimedia rolls out WYSIWYG visual editor for logged-in users accessing Wikipedia articles in English|url=https://thenextweb.com/insider/2013/07/02/wikimedia-rolls-out-its-wysiwyg-visual-editor-for-logged-in-users-accessing-wikipedia-articles-in-english/|access-date=February 2, 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/10196578/Wikipedia-introduces-new-features-to-entice-editors.html|title=Wikipedia introduces new features to entice editors|access-date=August 18, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="TheEconomistVE">{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2011/12/changes-wikipedia|title=Changes at Wikipedia: Seeing things|access-date=July 28, 2013}}</ref> E ne ya ganwa le go tshwaiwa diphoso thata, mme ya tlhalosiwa e le " bonya gape e na le diphoso". <ref name="Orlowski, Andrew">{{Cite web |last=Orlowski |first=Andrew |date=August 1, 2013 |title=Wikipedians say no to Jimmy's 'buggy' WYSIWYG editor |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/08/01/wikipedians_reject_wysiwyg_editor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804115056/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/08/01/wikipedians_reject_wysiwyg_editor |archive-date=August 4, 2013 |access-date=August 18, 2013 |website=The Register}}</ref> Karolo e ne ya fetolwa go tswa mo go tlhopheng go tswa go ya kwa go tlhopheng go tsena morago ga moo. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Forrester |first=James |date=April 25, 2013 |title=The alpha version of the VisualEditor is now in 15 languages |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/04/25/visualeditor-alpha-in-15-languages/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114634/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/04/25/visualeditor-alpha-in-15-languages/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> === Go kwala mo go itirisang === Mananeo a dibalamakgolo(dikhompiutara) a a bidiwang di-bot gantsi di ile tsa dirisiwa go dira ditiro tse di motlhofo le tse di boelediwang, tse di tshwanang le go baakanya diphoso tse di tlwaelesegileng jaaka go peleta le mathata a mefuta ya tiriso, kgotsa go simolola dikwalo tse di tshwanang le go tsenya tsa dintlha tse digeographic ka mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng go tswa mo go wa tshedimosetso ya dipalopalo. <ref name="meetbots">{{Cite news|last=Nasaw|first=Daniel|date=July 24, 2012|title=Meet the 'bots' that edit Wikipedia|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18892510|access-date=February 2, 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Halliday|first=Josh|title=Boot up: The Wikipedia vandalism police, Apple analysts, and more|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2012/jul/26/boot-up-wikipedia-apple|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=July 26, 2012|access-date=September 5, 2012}}</ref> Mongwe wa bakwadi ba ba neng ba ntsha kganetsano, e bong Sverker Johansson, o ne a tlhama dikwalo ka bot ya gagwe ya Lsjbot, e go neng ga begwa gore e tlhama dikwalo di ka nna dikete di le lesome mo Wikipedia ya Se-Swedish ka malatsi a a rileng. <ref>{{Cite news|date=July 13, 2014|title=For This Author, 10,000 Wikipedia Articles Is a Good Day's Work|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/for-this-author-10-000-wikipedia-articles-is-a-good-days-work-1405305001|access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, go na le di-bot tse di diretsweng go itsise bakwadi ka go itirisa fa ba dira diphoso tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa bokwadi (tse di tshwanang le dinopolo tse di sa tsamaelaneng kgotsa masaka a a sa tshwaneng). <ref group="W">{{Cite news|last=Aude|date=March 23, 2009|title=Abuse Filter is enabled|publisher=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-03-23/Abuse_Filter|access-date=February 2, 2023}}</ref> Diphetolo tse di supilweng ka maaka ke di-bot e le tiro ya mokwadi yo o kobilweng di ka busediwa ke bakwadi ba bangwe. Bot e e lwantshanang le go senya e rulaganyeditswe go lemoga le go ntsha tshenyo ka bonako. <ref name="meetbots" /> Di-bot di kgona go supa diphetogo go tswa mo diakhaontong tse di rileng kgotsa mo ditlhopheng tsa diaterese tsa IP, jaaka go diragetse ka nako ya go thuntshiwa ga sefofane sa MH17 ka Phukwi 2014 fa go ne go begwa gore diphetogo di dirilwe ka di-IP tse di laolwang ke puso ya Russia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 21, 2014 |title=MH17 Wikipedia entry edited from Russian government IP address |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/the-stream/2014/7/21/mh17-wikipedia-entry-edited-from-russian-government-ip-address |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116002928/https://stream.aljazeera.com/story/201407211855-0023944 |archive-date=November 16, 2016 |access-date=July 22, 2014 |website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> Di-bot mo Wikipedia di tshwanetse go amogelwa pele di tsenngwa mo tirisong. Go ya ka Andrew Lih, go ne go tla nna thata go akanya ka go atolosiwa ga Wikipedia mo go diragalang gompieno go dira dikadikadike tsa dikwalo fa go ne go sa dirisiwe di-bot tse di ntseng jalo. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lih |first=Andrew |year=2009 |title=The Wikipedia Revolution |publisher=[[Hachette Books]] |isbn=978-1-4013-0371-6 |pages=99–106 |oclc=232977686}}</ref> Ka Mopitlo 2026, moemedi wa AI, Tom, o ne a dira diphetogo mo Wikipedia ka fa tlase ga akhaonto ya TomWikiAssist. Akhaonto e e ne ya thibelwa ka ntlha ya go nna bot e e sa amogelweng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maiberg |first=Emmanuel |date=March 30, 2026 |title=An AI Agent Was Banned From Creating Wikipedia Articles, Then Wrote Angry Blogs About Being Banned |url=https://www.404media.co/an-ai-agent-was-banned-from-creating-wikipedia-articles-then-wrote-angry-blogs-about-being-banned/ |url-access=registration |access-date=April 12, 2026 |website=[[404 Media]]}}</ref> === Ditiro tsa hardwere le tshegetso/kemo nokeng === [[File:Wikipedia_webrequest_2022.png|alt=Diagram showing flow of data between Wikipedia's servers.|thumb|Setshwantsho sa lenaneo la thulaganyo go ema ka Phatwe 2022 [[Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2022]] [[Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements]]]] Wikipedia mo bogompienong e dira mo ditlhopheng tse di kgethegileng tsa disefara tsa Linux tse di dirisang tsamaiso ya tiriso ya Debian . <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Debian |url=https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Debian |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418084905/https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Debian |archive-date=April 18, 2021 |access-date=April 9, 2021 |website=Wikitech |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le masome a mabedi, 2013, Wikipedia e ne e fuduseditse lefelo la yone la konokono la tshedimosetso kwa lefelong la Equinix kwa Ashburn, kwa Virginia . <ref group="W" name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2013/01/14/its-official-equinix-ashburn-is-wikimedias-home/|title=It's Official: Ashburn is Wikipedia's New Home|first=Jason|last=Verge|access-date=June 5, 2016|date=January 14, 2013}}</ref> Lefelo la bobedi la tshedimosetso ya tiriso le ne la tlhamiwa ka 2014 kwa Carrollton, Texas, go tokafatsa go ikanyega ga Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Data centers - Wikitech |url=https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_centers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129081929/https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_centers |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=wikitech.wikimedia.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bergsma |first=Mark |date=May 5, 2014 |title=Wikimedia Foundation selects CyrusOne in Dallas as new data center |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2014/05/05/wikimedia-foundation-selects-cyrusone-in-dallas-as-new-data-center/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715011353/https://blog.wikimedia.org/2014/05/05/wikimedia-foundation-selects-cyrusone-in-dallas-as-new-data-center/ |archive-date=July 15, 2018 |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Diff}}</ref> Mafelo a a tshedimosetso ka bobedi a dira e le a konokono, mo dipakeng tse di farologaneng, mme e nngwe e dira jaaka ya bobedi ya tshedimosetso. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Switch Datacenter - Wikitech |url=https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Switch_Datacenter |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=wikitech.wikimedia.org}}</ref> Ka 2017, Wikipedia e ne ya tsenya setlhopha sa go boloka tshedimosetso mo lefelong la Equinix kwa Singapore, e leng la ntlha la mofuta ono kwa Asia. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=⚓ T156028 Name Asia Cache DC site |url=https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T156028 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512040933/https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T156028 |archive-date=May 12, 2019 |access-date=May 12, 2019 |website=Wikimedia Phabricator}}</ref> Ka 2022, go ne ga bulwa lefelo la go boloka tshedimosetso kwa Marseille, kwa Fora. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=⚓ T282787 Configure dns and puppet repositories for new drmrs datacenter |url=https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282787 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114545/https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282787 |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Phabricator}}</ref> Ka 2024, go ne ga bulwa lefelo la go boloka tshedimosetso kwa São Paulo, e leng la ntlha la mofuta o kwa Amerika Borwa. <ref group="W" name="Magru">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 26, 2024 |title=The journey to open our first data center in South America |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921054425/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/ |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |access-date=November 29, 2024 |website=Diff |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Go ema ka Ngwanatseele 2024, ditlhopha tsa go boloka di-cache di kwa Amsterdam, kwa San Francisco, kwa Singapore, kwa Marseille le kwa São Paulo. <ref name=":13" group="W">{{Cite web |date=April 22, 2013 |title=Wikimedia servers |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_servers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120023847/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_servers |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |access-date=January 24, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Data centers |url=https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_centers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129081929/https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_centers |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Wikitech |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> === Dipatlisiso tsa mo teng le tlhabololo ya tsamaiso === Morago ga palo e e golang ya meneelo(madi) e e tsenang ka 2013 e e fetang dinomoro di le supa, <ref name="Simonite-2013"/> Mokgatlho o o fitlheletse selekanyo sa dithoto tse di bonwang di tshwanelega go akanyediwa ka fa tlase ga melaometheo ya itsholelo ya mokgatlho wa madirelo go supa tlhokego ya go beeletsa gape madi/meneelo mo dipatlisisong le mo tlhabololong ya Mokgatlho. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Scherer |first=Frederic M. |author-link=Frederic M. Scherer |date=2009 |title=Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance |url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=1496716 |publisher=Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship, [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]] |ssrn=1496716 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |orig-date=1970 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428132257/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1496716 |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mananeo a mabedi a dipatlisiso tse di ntseng jalo tsa mo teng le tlhabololo a nnile tlhamo ya Modiri wa Ditshwantsho le thebo ya "Ke a leboga" e e fitlhelwang mo ditsong tsa go kwala, tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa go tokafatsa mathata a go lapisega ga mokwadi. <ref name="Simonite-2013" /> <ref name="Orlowski, Andrew"/> Dipalo kakanyetso tsa go beeletsa gape ke mekgatlho ya madirelo mo dipatlisisong tsa mo teng le tlhabololo di ne tsa ithutiwa ke Adam Jaffe, yo o kwadileng gore go ne go tshwanetse go laolwa selekanyo sa 4% go ya go 25% ka ngwaga, ka maranyane a maemo a a kwa godimo se se tlhokang seelo se se kwa godimo sa tshegetso ka go beeletsa gape mo mokgatlhong. <ref name="Trajtenberg-2002">{{Cite book |last=Trajtenberg |first=Manuel |year=2002 |title=Patents, Citations, and Innovations: A Window on the Knowledge Economy |url=https://direct.mit.edu/books/book/2593/Patents-Citations-and-InnovationsA-Window-on-the |last2=Jaffe |first2=Adam B. |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |isbn=978-0-262-27623-8 |pages=89–153 |doi=10.7551/mitpress/5263.001.0001 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202174803/https://direct.mit.edu/books/book/2593/Patents-Citations-and-InnovationsA-Window-on-the |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ka maemong a 2013 a meneelo ya Wikimedia e kwadilwe jaaka e le didolara di le dikadikadike di le masome a mane ke botlhano, <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=David |last2=Walsh |first2=Jay |year=2013 |title=Wikimedia Foundation 2012–13 Annual Report |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Wmf_AR12_v11_SHIP_2pp_hyper_14jan14.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114540/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Wmf_AR12_v11_SHIP_2pp_hyper_14jan14.pdf |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> selekanyo sa tekanyetso se se badilweng se se akantshitsweng ke Jaffe sa go beeletsa gape mo dipatlisisong le mo tlhabololong se fa gare ga didolara di le 1.8.&nbsp;dimilione le 11.3&nbsp; milione ka ngwaga. <ref name="Trajtenberg-2002" /> Ka 2019, selekanyo sa meneelo se ne sa begwa ke Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia gore ke didikadike tsa di dolara di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi ka ngwaga, <ref group="W">{{Cite web |year=2020 |title=2019 to 2020 Annual Report – Statement of Activities – Audited (July 1, 2019 – June 30, 2020) |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/about/annualreport/2020-annual-report/financials/#section-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202174803/https://wikimediafoundation.org/about/annualreport/2020-annual-report/financials/#section-2 |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> go tlhabolola dipalokakanyetso tsa ga Jaffe tsa maemo a a kwa godimo a tshegetso go nna magareng ga dimilione di le $3.08 le 19,2&nbsp;milione ka ngwaga. <ref name="Trajtenberg-2002" />[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|alt=Wikipedia Library logo|thumb|Sekano sa motlobo wa dibuka wa Wikipedia]] === Dikgatiso tsa dikgang tse di mo teng === Mananeo a le mantsi a Wikimedia a na le dikgatiso tsa dikgang tsa mo teng. Lekwalodikgang la mo inthaneteng la [[Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia]] ''la The Signpost'' le ne la tlhongwa ka 2005 ke Michael Snow, motsamaisi wa Wikipedia yo o neng a tla nna leloko la khuduthamaga ya batlhokomedi ba Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia ka 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Caroline |date=July 18, 2008 |title=Wikimedia Foundation edits its board of trustees |url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikimedia-foundation-edits-its-board-of-trustees/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301224408/https://www.cnet.com/news/wikimedia-foundation-edits-its-board-of-trustees/ |archive-date=March 1, 2016 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[CNET]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=Noam Cohen}}</ref> Kgatiso e e akaretsa dikgang le ditiragalo go tswa kwa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia, le [[Wikimedia Foundation|mananeo a mangwe a Wikipedia]] . === Motlobo wa dibuka wa Wikipedia === Bakwadi ba Wikipedia ka dinako tse dingwe ba sokola go fitlhelela metswedi e e duelwang e e tlhokegang go tokafatsa dikwalo. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=64}}Motlobo wa dibuka wa Wikipedia ke motswedi wa bakwadi ba Wikipedia o o nayang phitlhelelo ya mahala ya dikgatiso tse dintsi tsa mo maranyaneng, gore ba kgone go leba le go di nopola fa ba ntse ba kwala mo ensaetlolopedieng . <ref name="orlowitz">{{Cite journal |last=Orlowitz |first=Jake |date=January 2018 |title=The Wikipedia Library: the biggest encyclopedia needs a digital library and we are building it |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327963422 |url-status=live |journal=JLIS.it |volume=9 |issue=3 |doi=10.4403/jlis.it-12505 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428132509/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327963422_The_wikipedia_library_The_biggest_encyclopedia_needs_a_digital_library_and_we_are_building_it |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref> Bagatisi ba feta masome a marataro ba tlhophile go dirisana mmogo le motlobo wa dibuka wa Wikipedia go tlamela ka phitlhelelo ya didirisiwa tsa bone: fa ICE Publishing e ne ya kopana go dira le bone ka 2020, mmueledi o ne a re "Ka go kgontsha bakwadi ba Wikipedia go fitlhelela diteng tsa rona mahala, re solofela go tsweledisa pele didirisiwa tse morafe o wa batlisisi ba di didirisang- ba kwala le go baakanya dikwalo tsa ditlhogo tsa Civil Engineering tse di balwang ke babadi ba le diketekete kgwedi le kgwedi." <ref name="hall">{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Sam |date=June 24, 2020 |title=ICE Publishing partners with The Wikipedia Library |url=https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/page/ice-news/106-wikipedia-library |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113161530/https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/page/ice-news/106-wikipedia-library |archive-date=November 13, 2022 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |website=ICE Virtual Library}}</ref> == Refferences == <references /> == Phitlhelelo ya diteng == === Teseletso ya diteng === Fa lenaneo le le simololwa ka 2001, mafoko otlhe mo Wikipedia a ne a akarediwa ke GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), e leng teseletso ya Copyleft e e letlang go anamisiwa gape, go tlhamiwa ga dibuka tse di tswang mo go yone, le go dirisiwa ga diteng ga kgwebo fa bakwadi ba ntse ba na le tshwanelo ya tiro ya bone. GFDL e diretswe dibukana tsa tiriso tsa sofotewere tse di tlang le mananeo asofotewere ya mahala tse di nang le teseletso ka fa tlase ga GPL . Se se dirile gore e nne tshwetso e e bokoa ya bukana ya tshupiso ka kakaretso: ka sekai, GFDL e tlhoka gore dikgatiso gape tsa didirisiwa go tswa mo Wikipedia di tle le moriti o o feletseng ya mokwalo wa GFDL. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU Licenses |url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.en.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318014154/https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.en.html |archive-date=March 18, 2022 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=GNU Operating System |publisher=[[Free Software Foundation]]}}</ref> Ka Sedimonthole 2002, go ne ga gololwa teseletso ya Creative Commons ; e ne e diretswe ditiro tsa botlhami ka kakaretso, e seng fela dibukana tsa tiriso tsa sofotewere. Lenaneo la Wikipedia le ne la batla go fetogela kwa Creative Commons. <ref name="WPF switch to CC" group="W">{{Cite web |last=Vermeir |first=Walter |date=December 1, 2007 |title=Resolution:License update |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Resolution:License_update |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903084619/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Resolution:License_update |archive-date=September 3, 2011 |access-date=December 4, 2007 |website=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka gore GFDL le Creative Commons di ne di sa tsamaisane, ka Ngwanatseele 2008, morago ga kopo ya lenaneo, Mokgatlho wa Sofotewere ya Mahala (FSF) o ne wa golola mofuta o mosha wa GFDL o o neng o diretswe ka tlhamalalo go letla Wikipedia go naya CC BY-SA teseletso ya diteng tsa yone ka Phatwe 1, 2009 Ka Moranang 2009, Wikipedia le mananeo a yone a dingwe di ne tsa tshwara referantamo ya baagi botlhe, e e neng ya dira tshwetso ya go fetola ka Seetebosigo 2009. <ref name="MW licensing QA" group="W">{{Cite web |title=Licensing update/Questions and Answers |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Questions_and_Answers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716170801/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Questions_and_Answers |archive-date=July 16, 2020 |access-date=February 15, 2009 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> <ref name="MW licensing timeline 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=Licensing_update/Timeline |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline |archive-date=August 17, 2022 |access-date=April 5, 2009 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> <ref name="WP blog license migration" group="W">{{Cite web |last=Walsh |first=Jay |date=May 21, 2009 |title=Wikimedia community approves license migration |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2009/05/21/wikimedia-community-approves-license-migration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113042618/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2009/05/21/wikimedia-community-approves-license-migration/ |archive-date=January 13, 2021 |access-date=May 21, 2009 |website=Diff |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Go tshwarwa ga dithoto tsa ditshwantsho (sekai, dithoto tsa dinepe) go a farologana go ralala dikgatiso tsa puo. Dikgatiso tse dingwe tsa puo, jaaka Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, di akaretsa dithoto tsa ditshwantsho tse e seng tsa mahala ka fa tlase ga thuto ya tiriso e e siameng, <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia:Non-free content |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127162916/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content |archive-date=January 27, 2023 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> fa tse dingwe di tlhophile go se dire jalo, bontlhabongwe jwa lebaka e le ka ntlha ya go tlhoka dithuto tsa tiriso e e siameng mo mafatsheng a bone (sekai, mo molaong wa ditshwanelo tsa botlhami wa Japane ). Dithoto tsa ditshwantsho/bobegadikgang tse di akareditsweng ke diteseletso tsa diteng tsa mahala (sekai, Creative Commons ' CC BY-SA ) di abelanwa go ralala dikgatiso tsa puo ka polokelo ya Wikimedia Commons, e leng lenaneo le le tsamaisiwang ke Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Commons:Fair use |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Fair_use |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131061136/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Fair_use |archive-date=January 31, 2023 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Commons]]}}</ref> Go amogela ga Wikipedia ga melao e e farologaneng ya boditšhabatšhaba ya ditshwanelo tsa botlhami mabapi le ditshwantsho go dirile gore bangwe ba lemoge gore go akaretsa ga yone ga dikgang tsa dinepe go saletse kwa morago ga boleng jwa mokwalo wa ensaetlolopedia e. <ref name="NYT photos on WP">{{Cite news|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308110221/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/20/arts/20funny.html|title=Wikipedia May Be a Font of Facts, but It's a Desert for Photos|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/20/arts/20funny.html|access-date=March 9, 2013|archivedate=March 8, 2013}}</ref> Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia ga se moabi wa diteseletso tsa diteng mo Wikipedia kgotsa mananeo a a amanang le one mme ke tirelo fela ya go amogela batho ba ba nang le seabe mo Wikipedia le ba ba o nayang diteseletso, e leng maemo a a neng a sirelediwa ka katlego ka 2004 kwa kgotlatshekelo kwa Fora. <ref name="reuters French defamation case">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia cleared in French defamation case|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSL0280486220071102|access-date=November 2, 2007}}</ref> <ref name="ars tech WP dumb suing case">{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Nate |date=May 2, 2008 |title=Dumb idea: suing Wikipedia for calling you "dumb" |url=https://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080502-dumb-idea-suing-wikipedia-for-calling-you-dumb.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806121938/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2008/05/dumb-idea-suing-wikipedia-for-calling-you-dumb.ars |archive-date=August 6, 2011 |access-date=May 4, 2008 |website=[[Ars Technica]]}}</ref> === Mefuta ya phitlhelelo === Ka gore diteng tsa Wikipedia di anamisiwa ka fa tlase ga teseletso e e bulegileng, mongwe le mongwe o ka di dirisa gape kgotsa a di anamisa gape ntle le go duedisiwa. Diteng tsa Wikipedia di gatisitswe ka mefuta e le mentsi, mo inthaneteng le kwa ntle ga inthanete, kwa ntle ga webosaete ya Wikipedia. Go na le diketekete tsa " mafelo a a tshwanang " a a gatisang gape diteng go tswa mo Wikipedia; tse pedi tse di tlhageletseng tse gape di akaretsang diteng tse di tswang mo metsweding e mengwe ke Reference.com le Answers.com . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Reference.com Expands Content by Adding Wikipedia Encyclopedia to Search Capabilities |url=http://www.lexico.com/about/pr20050915.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225094122/http://www.lexico.com/about/pr20050915.html |archive-date=February 25, 2009 |website=Lexico Publishing Group, LLC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of Answers.com |url=https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/answerscom |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203151141/https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/answerscom |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=[[PCMag]]}}</ref> Sekai se sengwe ke Wapedia, e e neng ya simolola go bontsha diteng tsa Wikipedia ka mofuta o o siametseng tiriso ya mogala wa letheka pele ga Wikipedia ka boyone e dira jalo. <ref name=":16" group="W">{{Cite web |last=Seifi |first=Joe |date=August 27, 2007 |title=Wapedia review |url=https://appsafari.com/utilities/1144/wapedia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423185926/https://appsafari.com/utilities/1144/wapedia/ |archive-date=April 23, 2022 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=appSafari}}</ref> Dienjini dingwe tsa patlo tsa webo di dirisa diteng tsa Wikipedia ka tsela e e kgethegileng fa di bontsha maduo a patlo: dikai tsa tsone di akaretsa Microsoft Bing ( ka maranyane a a tserweng mo Powerset ) le DuckDuckGo . Dikokoanyo tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia di gatisitsee mo disking tsa pono . Mofuta wa Sekgoa o o neng wa gololwa ka 2006 o ne o na le dikwalo di ka nna dikete di le pedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia 0.5 available on a CD-ROM |url=http://www.wikipediaondvd.com/site.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602060411/http://www.wikipediaondvd.com/site.php |archive-date=June 2, 2013 |website=Wikipedia On DVD}}</ref> Mofuta wa puo ya Se-Polish go tloga ka 2006 o na le dikwalo di ka nna dikete di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a le mane, <ref name="WM polish WP on dvd" group="W">{{Cite web |title=Polish Wikipedia on DVD |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Polska_Wikipedia_na_DVD_%28z_Helionem%29/en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229040017/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Polska_Wikipedia_na_DVD_(z_Helionem)/en |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> mofuta wa puo ya Sejeremane go tloga ka 2007/2008 o na le dikwalo di feta dikete di le makgolo a le marataro le masome a mabedi, mme mofuta wa puo ya Sepanishe go tloga ka 2011 o na le dikwalo di le dikete di le makgolo a le boferabobedi le masome a le boferabobedi le borataro. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=¿Qué es la CDPedia? |url=http://python.org.ar/pyar/Proyectos/CDPedia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702023520/http://python.org.ar/pyar/Proyectos/CDPedia |archive-date=July 2, 2011 |website=Py Ar |language=es}}</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, "Wikipedia ya Dikolo", motseletsele wa di-CD / di-DVD tsa Wikipedia tse di dirilweng ke Wikipedia le SOS Children, ke di tlhophilweng mahala go tswa mo Wikipedia e e diretsweng thuto ya bana ba dingwaga di le boferabobedi go ya go di le lesome le bosupa. <ref group="W">{{Cite news|title=2008–09 Wikipedia for Schools goes online|url=https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/2008-09_Wikipedia_for_Schools_goes_online}}</ref> Go nnile le maiteko a go tsenya karolwana e e tlhophilweng ya dikwalo tsa Wikipedia mo sebopegong sa buka e e gatisitsweng. <ref name="WP into books 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia turned into book|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/5549589/Wikipedia-turned-into-book.html|access-date=February 3, 2023}}</ref> <ref name="WP schools selection 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia Selection for Schools |url=https://schools-wikipedia.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804093730/https://schools-wikipedia.org/ |archive-date=August 4, 2012 |access-date=July 14, 2012 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Fa e sa le ka 2009, dibuka di le dikete di le masomesome tse di gatisitsweng fa di batliwa tse di thusitseng go dirwa ga dikwalo tsa Wikipedia tsa Sekgoa, Sejeremane, Se-Russia le Sefora di ile tsa gatisiwa ke kompone ya Amerika ya Books LLC le ke dikompone tse tharo tse di potlana tsa kwa Mauritius tsa mogatisi wa Jeremane VDM . Webosaete ya DBpedia, e e simolotsweng ka 2007, e ntsha tshedimosetso mo mabokosong a tshedimosetso le mo dipolelong tsa ditlhopha tsa Wikipedia ya puo ya Sekgoa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bizer |first=Christian |last2=Lehmann |first2=Jens |last3=Kobilarov |first3=Georgi |last4=Auer |first4=Sören |last5=Becker |first5=Christian |last6=Cyganiak |first6=Richard |last7=Hellmann |first7=Sebastian |date=September 2009 |title=DBpedia – A crystallization point for the Web of Data |journal=Journal of Web Semantics |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=154–165 |citeseerx=10.1.1.150.4898 |doi=10.1016/j.websem.2009.07.002 |s2cid=16081721}}</ref> Wikimedia e tlhamile lenaneo la Wikidata ka maikaelelo a a tshwanang a go boloka dintlha tsa motheo go tswa mo tsebeng nngwe le nngwe ya Wikipedia le mananeo a mangwe a Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia le go e dira gore e nne teng ka sebopego sa bokao jo bo ka bodiwang, jwa RDF . <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikidata:Introduction |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Wikidata |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Go ema ka Tlhakole 2013, e na le diteng tse di fetang didikadike di le lesome. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikidata:Statistics |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Statistics |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Wikidata |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> WikiReader ke sediriswa se se kgethegileng se se balelang kwa godimo se se nang le moriti wa Wikipedia o o seng mo inthaneteng, e e neng ya simolodisawa ke OpenMoko mme ya gololwa la ntlha ka 2009. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Moeller |first=Erik |date=October 13, 2009 |title=OpenMoko Launches WikiReader |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2009/10/13/openmoko-launches-wikireader/ |access-date=January 19, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Go tsaya diteng tsotlhe tsa Wikipedia gore di dirisiwe gape go na le dikgwetlho, ka gore go dira ditshwantsho tse di tshwanang ka tlhamalalo ka Web crawler ga go rotloediwe. Wikipedia e gatisa " dithotobolo " tsa diteng tsa yone, mme tse ke tsa mafoko fela; go ema ka 2023 ga go na thotobolo e e leng teng ya ditshwantsho tsa Wikipedia. <ref name="WP image data dumps 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=Data dumps/What's available for download |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_dumps/What%27s_available_for_download |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> [[Wikimedia Foundation|Kgwebo ya Wikimedia]] ke tharabololo ya go dira dipoelo ka se. Dipuo di le mmalwa tsa Wikipedia le tsone di na le tafole ya dikgang, e mo go yone baithaopi ba arabang dipotso tse di bodiwang ke setšhaba. Go ya ka patlisiso e e dirilweng ke Pnina Shachaf mo ''Journal of Documentation'', boleng jwa tafole ya dikgang ya Wikipedia bo ka bapisiwa le tafole ya dikgang ya motlobo wa dibuka e e tlwaelesegileng, ka bonnete jwa masome a matlhano le botlhano mo lekgolong. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shachaf |first=Pnina |date=October 16, 2009 |title=The paradox of expertise: is the Wikipedia Reference Desk as good as your library? |url=http://eprints.rclis.org/20329/1/Paradox%20of%20expertise-final.pdf |journal=Journal of Documentation |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=977–996 |doi=10.1108/00220410910998951}}</ref> ==== Phitlhelelo ka mogala wa letheka ==== [[File:Wikipedia_on_Mobile_screenshot_(2024)_(cropped).png|thumb|Mogala wa letheka o o bontshang Tsebekgolo ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa ka Phalane malatsi a le mabedi, 2024]] [[File:Wikipedia_page_views_by_device_type.webp|thumb|Dipono tsa tsebe ya Wikipedia go ya ka lefelo]] Sedirisiwa sa ntlha sa Wikipedia e ne e le gore badirisi ba kgone go bala le go kwaditeng tsa yone ba dirisa sedirisiwa fela sa patlo se se tlwaelesegileng sa webo ka kgolagano e e tlhomameng ya inthanete . Le fa diteng tsa Wikipedia di ntse di fitlhelelwa ka webo ya mogala wa letheka fa e sale ka Phukwi 2013, ''The New York Times'' ka Tlhakole 9, 2014, e ne ya nopola Erik Möller, mothusa mookamedi wa Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia, e bolela gore phetogo ya pharakano ya inthanete go tswa mo dikhompiutareng go ya kwa megaleng ya letheka e ne e le tona e bile e le selo se se bakang matshwenyego. Setlhogo sa ''The New York Times'' se ne sa bega dipalopalo tsa tshwantshanyo tsa diphetogo tse di dirwang ka mogala wa letheka a bolela gore, "Ke palo ya masome a le mabedi mo lekgolong ya babadi ba Wikipedia ya puo ya Sekgoa ba ba balang dikwalo ka megala ya letheka, palo e e kwa tlase thata go na le palo ya pharakano megala ya letheka mo mafelong a mangwe a bobegakgang, a bontsi jwa one a tsamaelang palo ya sephatlo mo lekgolong. Mme go fetogela kwa megaleng ya letheka go ntse bonya le go feta." Ka 2014 ''The New York Times'' e begile gore Möller o abetse "setlhopha sa batlhami ba disofotewere ba le lesome ba ba remelelang mo tirisong ya megala ya letheka", mo palong yotlhe ya babereki ba ka nna makgolo a le mabedi ba ba berekang kwa Mokgatlhong wa Wikimedia. Nngwe ya matshwenyego a matona a a umakilweng ke ''The New York Times'' ka "go tlhabaela" ke gore Wikipedia e rarabolole ka katlego mathata le palo ya bakwadi ba ensaetlolopedia ya mo inthaneteng e ba gogelang go kwala le go tlhokomela diteng tsa yone ka mogala wa letheka. <ref name="small screen"/> Ka 2023, babereki ba Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia ba ne ba godile go nna babereki ba ba fetang makgolo a le masupa. <ref name="WF10.23.23">{{Cite web |last=Seitz-Gruwell |first=Lisa |author-link=Lisa Seitz-Gruwell |date=October 23, 2023 |title=7 reasons you should donate to Wikipedia |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2022/11/03/7-reasons-you-should-donate-to-wikipedia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008212455/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/10/23/7-reasons-you-should-donate-to-wikipedia/ |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |access-date=December 27, 2023 |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Phitlhelelo ya Wikipedia ka mogala wa letheka e ne ya kgonega go tloga ka 2004, ka Porothokholo ya Wireless Application (WAP), ka tirelo ya Wapedia . <ref name=":16" group="W"/> Ka Seetebosigo 2007, Wikipedia e ne ya simolola en.mobile.wikipedia.org, e leng webosaete ya semmuso ya didirisiwa tse di senang megala. Ka 2009, go ne ga gololwa semmuso tirelo e ntšha ya megala ya letheka, e e mo go en.m.wikipedia.org, e e direlang megala ya letheka e e gatetseng pele thata e tshwana le iPhone, didirisiwa tsa Android, kgotsa didiriswa tsa WebOS . <ref name="WM mobile added 1" group="W">{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2009 |title=Wikimedia Mobile is Officially Launched |url=https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2009/06/wikimedia-mobile-launch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111101614/http://techblog.wikimedia.org/2009/06/wikimedia-mobile-launch/ |archive-date=January 11, 2010 |access-date=July 22, 2009 |website=Wikimedia Technical Blog |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Mekgwa e mengwe e le mmalwa ya go fitlhelela Wikipedia ka mogala wa letheka e ile ya bonala fa e sa le ka nako eo. Didiriswa le ditiriso di le dintsi di tokafatsa go bontshiwa ga diteng tsa Wikipedia mo megaleng ya letheka, fa tse dingwe gape di akaretsa ditiriso tse dingwe di tshwana le tiriso ya tshedimosetso ya Wikipedia e e tshwanang le tshedimosetso ya lefatshe . <ref name="androgeoid.com LPOI WP 1">{{Cite web |date=May 15, 2011 |title=Local Points Of Interest In Wikipedia |url=https://androgeoid.com/2011/04/local-points-of-interest-in-wikipedia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110601092809/http://androgeoid.com/2011/04/local-points-of-interest-in-wikipedia/ |archive-date=June 1, 2011 |access-date=May 15, 2011 |website=AndroGeoid}}</ref> <ref name="ilounge iphone gems WP">{{Cite web |last=Hollington |first=Jesse David |date=November 30, 2008 |title=iPhone Gems: Wikipedia Apps |url=https://www.ilounge.com/index.php/articles/comments/15802 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112235945/http://www.ilounge.com/index.php/articles/comments/15802/ |archive-date=January 12, 2009 |access-date=July 22, 2008 |website=iLounge}}</ref> App ya Android ya Wikipedia e ne ya gololwa ka Firikgong 2012, e ne ya tsenngwa ke batho ba ba fetang dikete di le makgolo a le matlhano le gape e nae dikakgelo tsa ditshekatsheko tse di siameng, mme ya bona maduo a a fetang bone mo botlhanong mo patlisisong ya badirisi ba ka nna dikete di le makgolo a mabedi 200 000 ba ba neng ba e tsenya go tswa mo Google. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Finc |first=Tomasz |date=January 26, 2012 |title=Announcing the Official Wikipedia Android App |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/01/26/announcing-the-official-wikipedia-android-app/ |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.wikipedia&hl=en |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=[[Google Play]]}}</ref> Mofuta wa iOS o ne wa gololwa ka Moranang a le boraro, 2013, mme wa nna le tshekatsheko e e tshwanang. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |date=August 4, 2014 |title=Wikipedia Mobile on the App Store on iTunes |url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia-mobile/id324715238 |access-date=August 21, 2014 |website=[[App Store (iOS/iPadOS)]] |publisher=[[Apple Inc.]]}}</ref> [[Wikipedia Zero (Setswana)|Wikipedia Zero]] e ne e le maiteko a Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia a go atolosa phitlhelelo ya ensaetlolopedia e kwa mafatsheng a a santseng a tlhabologa ka go dirisana le badiredi ba ditirelo tsa megala ya letheka go letla phitlhelelo ya mahala. <ref name=":17" group="W" /> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Ellis|first=Justin|date=January 17, 2013|title=Wikipedia plans to expand mobile access around the globe with new funding|url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2013/01/wikipedia-plans-to-expand-mobile-access-around-the-globe-with-new-funding|access-date=April 22, 2013|work=Nieman Lab}}</ref> E ne ya emisiwa ka Tlhakole 2018 ka ntlha ya go tlhoka go tsaya karolo ga badiredi ba ditirelo tsa megala ya letheka. <ref name=":17" group="W">{{Cite web |date=February 16, 2018 |title=Building for the future of Wikimedia with a new approach to partnerships |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2018/02/16/partnerships-new-approach/ |access-date=May 12, 2019 |website=Diff |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Andrew Lih le Andrew Brown ka bobedi ba dumela gore go kwala mo Wikipedia ka megala ya letheka go thata, mme se se kgoba marapo batho ba basha ba ba ka eletsang go tsenya letsogo. <ref name="Lih-2015" /> <ref name="Brown-2015" /> Lih o bolela gore palo ya bakwadi ba Wikipedia e ntse e a fokotsega morago ga dingwaga di le mmalwa, <ref name="Lih-2015" /> mme Tom Simonite wa ''MIT Technology Review'' o bolela gore popego le melao ke yone e e dirang se. Simonite a re bangwe badirisi [[Morafe wa Wikipedia|ba Wikipedia]] ba dirisa melao le dikaelo tsa go laola ba bangwe mme bakwadi bao ba na le kgatlhego e e tseneletseng ya go nna fela ka boitshwaro jo bo ntseng jalo. <ref name="Simonite-2013"/> Lih o boletse gore go na le go sa dumalane magareng ga batsayakarolo ba ba leng teng gore se se ka rarabololwa jang. Lih o tshogela bokamoso jwa Wikipedia jwa nako e telele fa Brown ene a tshaba gore mathata a Wikipedia a tla nna a le teng, mme diensaetlolopedia tse di gaisanang le yone ga di kitla ka e ema pele. <ref name="Lih-2015">{{Cite news|last=Lih|first=Andrew|date=June 20, 2015|title=Can Wikipedia Survive?|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/21/opinion/can-wikipedia-survive.html|access-date=February 3, 2023}}</ref> <ref name="Brown-2015">{{Cite news|last=Brown|first=Andrew|date=June 25, 2015|title=Wikipedia editors are a dying breed. The reason? Mobile|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/25/wikipedia-editors-dying-breed-mobile-smartphone-technology-online-encyclopedia|access-date=February 3, 2023}}</ref> === Phitlhelelo kwa China === Phitlhelelo ya Wikipedia e thibetswe kwa boremelelong jwa China fa e sa le ka Motsheganong 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Henochowicz |first=Anne |date=May 20, 2015 |title=Chinese Wikipedia Blocked by Great Firewall |url=https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/05/chinese-wikipedia-blocked-by-great-firewall/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504212406/https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/05/chinese-wikipedia-blocked-by-great-firewall/ |archive-date=May 4, 2017 |access-date=May 4, 2017 |website=[[China Digital Times]]}}</ref> Se se ne sa dirwa morago ga gore Wikipedia e simolole go dirisa encryption ya HTTPS, e e neng ya dira gore go bipa dilo dingwe go nne thata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Sarah |date=June 12, 2015 |title=The Wikimedia Foundation Turns On HTTPS By Default Across All Sites, Including Wikipedia |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/06/12/the-wikimedia-foundation-turns-on-https-by-default-across-all-sites-including-wikipedia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824001601/https://techcrunch.com/2015/06/12/the-wikimedia-foundation-turns-on-https-by-default-across-all-sites-including-wikipedia/ |archive-date=August 24, 2020 |access-date=June 3, 2020 |website=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref> == Tlhotlheletso ya yone == === Motswedi o o ikanyegang wa go lwantsha dikgang tse di seng boammaaruri === Ka 2017–18, morago ga go tlhatloga ga dipeo tsa maaka, Facebook le YouTube ka bobedi di ne tsa itsise gore di tla ikaega ka Wikipedia go thusa badirisi ba tsone go sekaseka dipego le go gana dikgang tsa maaka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hughes |first=Taylor |last2=Smith |first2=Jeff |last3=Leavitt |first3=Alex |date=April 3, 2018 |title=Helping People Better Assess the Stories They See in News Feed with the Context Button |url=https://about.fb.com/news/2018/04/news-feed-fyi-more-context/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111152311/https://about.fb.com/news/2018/04/news-feed-fyi-more-context/ |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Meta Platforms|Meta]]}}</ref> <ref name="Cohen-2018" /> Noam Cohen, fa a kwala mo go ''The Washington Post'' o ne a re, "Go ikaega ga YouTube ka Wikipedia go baakanya seemo go akantsha ka lefelo le lengwe le le tlhokang dikgang tse di boammaaruri, e leng neteweke ya botsalano ya Facebook, e e neng ya itsise ngogola gore Wikipedia e tla thusa badirisi ba yone go tlosa ' dikgang tse di seng boammaaruri '." <ref name="Cohen-2018">{{Cite news|archiveurl=Noam Cohen}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Constine |first=Josh |date=April 3, 2018 |title=Facebook fights fake news with author info, rolls out publisher context |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/03/facebook-author-info/ |access-date=July 15, 2021 |website=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref> === Babadi === Ka Tlhakole 2014, ''The New York Times'' e ne ya bega gore Wikipedia e ne e le mo maemong a botlhano mo lefatsheng lotlhe mo diwebosaeteng tsotlhe, e bolela gore "Ka dipono tsa ditsebe di le didikadike di le lesome le boferabobedi le palo e e ka nnang dikadikadike di le makgolo a le matlhano ya baeng ba ba kgethegileng ka kgwedi,&nbsp;... Wikipedia e latela fela Yahoo, Facebook, Microsoft, le Google, e leng yone e tona go di feta tsotlhe e na le &nbsp;baeng ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le 1.2." <ref name="small screen"/> Le fa go ntse jalo, maemo a yone a ne a wela kwa tlase go ya kwa maemong a bolesome le boraro lefatshe ka bophara ka Seetebosigo 2020 ka ntlha ya go tlhatloga ga go tuma ga diwebosaete tsa China tsa go reka dithoto mo inthaneteng. <ref name="Alexa"/> Webosaete e e ne ya boela mo maemong a yone go tloga ka Moranang 2022. <ref name="Alexa" /> Mo godimo ga kgolo ya palo ya dikwalo tsa yone, Wikipedia e kgonne go ipaya mo maemong a go nna webosaete ya metswedi ka kakaretso fa e sa le e tlhongwa ka 2001. Palo ya babadi ba Wikipedia lefatshe ka bophara e fitlheletse didikadike di le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le botlhano kwa bokhutlong jwa 2009. <ref name="365M" group="W">{{Cite web |last=West |first=Stuart |date=2010 |title=Wikipedia's Evolving Impact: slideshow presentation at TED2010 |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/TED2010%2C_Stuart_West_full_presentation_updated_with_January_data.pdf |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Lenaneo la Inthanete Pew le Botshelo jwa Amerika le ne ya fitlhela gore bongwetharo jwa badirisi ba Inthanete ba kwa United States ba ne ba etela Wikipedia. Ka 2011, ''Business Insider'' e ne ya fa Wikipedia tlhwatlhwa ya didikadike tsa didolara di le nne fa e ne e letlelela di-ipapatso. <ref>{{Cite web |last=SAI |date=October 7, 2011 |title=The World's Most Valuable Startups |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/2011-digital-100#7-wikimedia-foundation-wikipedia-7 |access-date=June 14, 2014 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> Go ya ka "Patlisiso ya Babadi ba Wikipedia ya 2011", palogare ya dingwaga tsa babadi ba Wikipedia masome a mararo le borataro , ka tekatekano e e ka nnang teng fa gare ga bong. Mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa babadi ba Wikipedia ba etela lefelo le makgetho a a fetang botlhano ka kgwedi, mme palo e e tshwanang ya babadi ba batla Wikipedia ka tlhamalalo mo maduong a bone mo dienjeneng tsa tshenko. Mo e ka nnang palo ya masome a le mane le bosupa mo lekgolong (47%) ya babadi ba Wikipedia ga ba lemoge gore Wikipedia ke mokgatlho o o sa direng dipoelo. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |date=February 6, 2012 |title=Research: Wikipedia Readership Survey 2011/Results – Meta |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Research:Wikipedia_Readership_Survey_2011/Results |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209125719/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Research:Wikipedia_Readership_Survey_2011/Results |archive-date=December 9, 2013 |access-date=April 16, 2014 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> Go ema ka Tlhakole 2023, Wikipedia e ngoka didirisiwa tse di kgethegileng di le didikadike di le pedi kgwedi le kgwedi, mme Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e amogela&nbsp;dipono tsa ditsebe di le didikadike di le lesome kgwedi le kgwedi. <ref name="Wikimedia_Stats" group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikistats – Statistics For Wikimedia Projects |url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/all-wikipedia-projects |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711051858/https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/all-wikipedia-projects |archive-date=July 11, 2020 |access-date=August 8, 2023 |website=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> ==== Bolwetsi jwa Covid-19 ==== Ka nako ya [[Bolwetse jwa Mogare wa Khorona 2019|bolwetsi jwa lefatshe lotlhe jwa Covid-19]], go bega ga leroborobo le ga Wikipedia le ntwa kgatlhanong le tshedimosetso e e seng boammaaruri go ne ga elwa tlhoko ke babegadikgang ba ditšhabatšhaba, mme ga tlisa koketsego ya babadi ba Wikipedia ka kakaretso. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Dodds|first=Laurence|date=April 3, 2020|title=Why Wikipedia is winning against the coronavirus 'infodemic'-GB|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2020/04/03/wikipedia-winning-against-coronavirus-infodemic/|access-date=February 3, 2023|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Noam Cohen o ne a kwala mo ''Wired'' gore maiteko a Wikipedia a go lwantsha tshedimosetso e e seng nnete e e amanang le leroborobo le a ne a farologana le a diwebosaete tse dingwe tse ditona, a re, "Ntle le fa Twitter, Facebook le tse dingwe di ka ithuta go rarabolola tshedimosetso e e semg boammaaruri ka tsela e e botoka thata, Wikipedia e tla nna lefelo la bofelo le le gaisang mo Inthaneteng." <ref name="Cohen-2020" /> Ka Phalane 2020, [[World Health Organisation|Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Botsogo]] o wa dira kitsiso ya gore o ntsha ka kgololesego teseletso ya ditshwantsho tsa ithunthuntso tsa one le dilo tse dingwe go dirisiwa mo mananeong a Wikimedia. <ref>{{Cite news|date=October 22, 2020|title=Wikipedia and W.H.O. Join to Combat Covid-19 Misinformation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/health/wikipedia-who-coronavirus-health.html|access-date=February 3, 2023}}</ref> Go ne go na le dikwalo tsa Wikipedia tse di amanang le COVID-19 di ka nna dikete di le bosupa mo diWikipedia go ralala DiWikipedia tse di lekgolo le masome a le boferabobedi le boferabobedi tse di farologaneng, go ema ka Ngwanatseele 2021. <sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;">[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia&action=edit &#x5B; tlhabolola &#x5D;]</sup> [[Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2021]] [[Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kenton |first=Amanda |last2=Humborg |first2=Christian |date=November 29, 2021 |title=Digital regulation must empower people to make the internet better |url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/28/digital-regulation-must-empower-people-to-make-the-internet-better/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530140630/https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/28/digital-regulation-must-empower-people-to-make-the-internet-better/ |archive-date=May 30, 2022 |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=[[TechCrunch]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKentonHumborg2021">Kenton, Amanda; Humborg, Christian (November 29, 2021). [https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/28/digital-regulation-must-empower-people-to-make-the-internet-better/ "Digital regulation must empower people to make the internet better"]. ''[[TechCrunch]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220530140630/https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/28/digital-regulation-must-empower-people-to-make-the-internet-better/ Archived] from the original on May 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wales |first=Jimmy |date=August 26, 2021 |title=Learning to trust the internet again |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/8/26/learning-to-trust-the-internet-again |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827002411/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/8/26/learning-to-trust-the-internet-again |archive-date=August 27, 2021 |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWales2021">Wales, Jimmy (August 26, 2021). [https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/8/26/learning-to-trust-the-internet-again "Learning to trust the internet again"]. ''[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210827002411/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/8/26/learning-to-trust-the-internet-again Archived] from the original on August 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Bokao jwa Tlhotlheletso === [[File:Wikipedia_Monument_2.JPG|thumb|''Sefikantswe sa Wikipedia'' kwa Słubice, kwa Poland, se se dirilweng ke Mihran Hakobyan (2014)]] Diteng tsa Wikipedia gape di ile tsa dirisiwa mo dithutong, mo dibukeng, mo diphuthegong, le mo dikgetsing tsa kgotlatshekelo. <ref name="ssrn.com Wikipedian Justice 1">{{Cite journal |last=Sharma |first=Raghav |date=February 19, 2009 |title=Wikipedian Justice |doi=10.2139/ssrn.1346311 |s2cid=233749371 |ssrn=1346311}}</ref> Webosaete ya Palamente ya Canada e bua ka lekwalo la Wikipedia le le buang ka lenyalo la batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang mo karolong ya " dikgokagano tse di amanang le se" mo lenaneong la yone la "dipadi tse dingwe" tsa ''Molao wa Lenyalo la Semmuso'' . <ref name="parl.gc.ca same-sex marriage">{{Cite web |title=An Act respecting certain aspects of legal capacity for marriage for civil purposes |url=https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/en/bill/38-1/C-38?view=about |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=LEGISinfo |publisher=[[Parliament of Canada]]}}</ref> Dipolelo tsa ensaetlolopedia e di ntse di dirisiwa thata jaaka motswedi ke mekgatlho e tshwana le dikgotlatshekelo tsa puso ya United States le Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Dithoto Tsa Botlhale jwa tlhaloganyo —le mororo bogolo jang e le go tshegetsa tshedimosetso fela go na le gore tshedimosetso e e dirisiwe go tsaya tshwetso mo kgetsing. Diteng tse di tlhagelelang mo Wikipedia le tsone di ile tsa umakiwa jaaka motswedi le go umakiwa mo dipegong dingwe tsa Mokgatlho wa go tsaya ditlholwa wa United States . Ka Sedimonthole 2008, lekwalodikgang la maranyane ''la RNA Biology'' le ne la simolola karolo e ntšha ya go tlhalosa malapa a dimolekhule tsa RNA mme le tlhoka gore bakwadi ba ba neng ba na le seabe mo karolong e le bone ba romele lekwalo le le kwadilweng ka lelapa la RNA gore se gatisiwe mo Wikipedia. Wikipedia gape e dirisitswe jaaka motswedi mo bobegadikgannyeng, <ref name="ajr.org WP in the newsroom">{{Cite news|last1=Shaw|first1=Donna|date=February–March 2008|title=Wikipedia in the Newsroom|url=https://www.ajr.org/Article.asp?id=4461|access-date=February 11, 2008|archivedate=August 5, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805155909/https://www.ajr.org/Article.asp?id=4461}}</ref> gantsi kwantle ga go tlhalosiwa, mme babegadikgang ba le mmalwa ba ile ba kobiwa mo ditirong ka ntlha ya go utswa diteng mo Wikipedia . <ref name="shizuoka plagiarized WP 1">{{Cite news|title=Shizuoka newspaper plagiarized Wikipedia article|date=July 5, 2007|url=https://www.japannewsreview.com/society/chubu/20070705page_id=364}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Richter|first1=Bob|date=January 9, 2007|title=Express-News staffer resigns after plagiarism in column is discovered|url=https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/metro/stories/MYSA010307.02A.richter.132c153.html}}</ref> <ref name="starbulletin.com Inquiry prompts dismissal">{{Cite web |last=Bridgewater |first=Frank |title=Inquiry prompts reporter's dismissal |url=https://archives.starbulletin.com/2006/01/13/news/story03.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128202726/https://archives.starbulletin.com/2006/01/13/news/story03.html |archive-date=January 28, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=[[Honolulu Star-Bulletin]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Coscarelli |first=Joe |date=July 29, 2014 |title=Plagiarizing Wikipedia Is Still Plagiarism, at BuzzFeed or the New York Times |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2014/07/new-york-times-buzzfeed-wikipedia-plagiarism.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818021218/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2014/07/new-york-times-buzzfeed-wikipedia-plagiarism.html |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Intelligencer |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]}}</ref> Ka 2006, bukana ya ''Time'' e ne ya lemoga go nna le seabe ga Wikipedia (mmogo le YouTube, Reddit, MySpace, le Facebook) mo kgolong e e bonako ya tirisanommogo mo inthaneteng le dipuisano tsa didikadike tsa batho lefatshe ka bophara. Ka Lwetse 16, 2007, ''The Washington Post'' e ne ya bega gore Wikipedia e ne e le selo se se botlhokwa thata mo letsholong la ditlhopho la 2008 kwa United States, e bua e re: "Go kwala leina la ntlhopheng mo Google, mme magareng ga maduo a ntlha go na le tsebe ya Wikipedia, go dira gore se se nne botlhokwa fela jaaka ipapatso epe fela e e tlhalosang ntlhopheng. Go setse go kwalwa le baakangwa dikwalo ka bontlhopheng ba maemo a botautona go ngangisanwa ka tsone makgetho a le mantsi letsatsi le letsatsi." <ref name="WP.com WP election usage">{{Cite news|date=September 17, 2007|title=On Wikipedia, Debating 2008 Hopefuls' Every Facet|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/16/AR2007091601699_pf.html|access-date=December 26, 2008}}</ref> Lekwlo la Reuters la Phalane 2007, la setlhogo sa "Tsebe ya Wikipedia letshwao la bosheng la maemo", le ne la bega gore mo bosheng go nna le lekwalo la Wikipedia le le buang ka wena go netefatsa go itsege ga motho. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Ablan|first=Jennifer|date=October 22, 2007|title=Wikipedia page the latest status symbol|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSN2232893820071022?sp=true|access-date=October 24, 2007}}</ref> Lengwe la makgetho a ntlha a Wikipedia e neng ya nna le seabe mo kgannyeng ya puso e ne e le ka Lwetse 28, 2007, fa Mopolotiki wa Moitaly e bong Franco Grillini a ne a botsa tona wa metswedi le ditiro tsa setso ka ga tlhokego ya kgololesego ya go bona dilo tsotlhe . O boletse gore go tlhoka kgololesego e e ntseng jalo go ne ga pateletsa Wikipedia, "webosaete ya bosupa e e batliwang thata", go thibela ditshwantsho tsotlhe tsa dikago le botaki jwa segompieno jwa Italy, mme a bolela gore se se senya thata lotseno lwa bajanala. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grillini |first=Franco |author-link=Franco Grillini |date=March 30, 2009 |title=Comunicato Stampa. On. Franco Grillini. Wikipedia. Interrogazione a Rutelli. Con "diritto di panorama" promuovere arte e architettura contemporanea italiana. Rivedere con urgenza legge copyright |trans-title=Press release. Honorable Franco Grillini. Wikipedia. Interview with Rutelli about the "right to view" promoting contemporary art and architecture of Italy. Review with urgency copyright law |url=https://www.grillini.it/show.php?4885 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330141810/https://www.grillini.it/show.php?4885 |archive-date=March 30, 2009 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |language=it}}</ref> [[File:Wikipedia,_an_introduction_-_Erasmus_Prize_2015.webm|thumbtime=00:36.00|thumb|Wikipedia, matseno – Seetsele sa Erasmus sa 2015]] [[File:Quadriga-verleihung-rr-02.jpg|thumb|Jimmy Wales o amogela seetsele sa 2008 sa Quadriga sa ''Letsholo la Tshedimosetso'' mo boemong jwa Wikipedia.]] Setlhopha sa tiro se se neng se eteletswe pele ke Peter Stone ( se se neng se tlhamilwe jaaka karolo ya lenaneo kwa Stanford la Thutopatlisiso ya Dingwaga di le Lekgolo ka Botlhale jwa Maitirelo ) mo pegong ya sone se ne sa bitsa Wikipedia "sekai se se itsegeng thata sa go batla batho ba le bantsi .{{nbsp}}... se se fetang thata metswedi ya tshedimosetso e e kokoantsweng ka fa go tlwaelesegileng ka teng, e tshwana le diensaetlolopedia le dithanolo, ka selekanyo le boteng". <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |date=September 2016 |title=Artificial Intelligence and Life in 2030 |url=https://ai100.stanford.edu/2016-report/section-i-what-artificial-intelligence/ai-research-trends |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208003001/https://ai100.stanford.edu/2016-report/section-i-what-artificial-intelligence/ai-research-trends |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |access-date=September 3, 2016 |website=One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI100) |publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}</ref> Mo setlhogong sa kakanyo sa 2017 sa ''Wired'', Hossein Derakhshan o tlhalosa Wikipedia jaaka " nngwe ya dipilara tsa bofelo tse di setseng tsa webo e e bulegileng le e e sa tlhomamang " mme a bapisa go nna teng ga yone jaaka motswedi wa kitso e e theilweng mo dikwalong le ditirelo tsa dikgang le tsa neteweke ya botsalano, mme tsone di dirisiwa thata jaaka thelebishene. Mo go Derakhshan, maikaelelo a Wikipedia jaaka ensaetlolopedia a emela ngwao ya Motlha wa Tshedimoso wa go dirisa tlhaloganyo go fenya maikutlo, selo se a se tsayang se le "mo kotsing" ka ntlha ya "go fetoga ka iketlo go tswa mo setsong sa go kwala go ya kwa go sa go tsaya dinepe, se se rayang go fetoga go tswa mo tirisong ya tlhaloganyo go ya kwa maikutlong, go tsamaelana le bodiragatsi". Go na le " {{Lang|la|[[sapere aude]]}} " ( {{literal translation|dare to know|lk=on}} go batla go itse), dineteweke tsa botsalano di dirile gore go nne le setso sa "go se go nne le sebete sa go batla go itse". Se se diragala gape fa Wikipedia e lebagane le "bothata jo bo tshwenyang thata" go feta go tlamelwa ka madi, e leng "seelo se se fokotsegang sa kgolo ya palo ya ba ba tsenyang letsogo mo webosaeteng". Ka ntlha ya mo, kgwetlho ya Wikipedia le ba ba e dirisang ke go "boloka Wikipedia le tsholofetso ya yone ya kokoanyo ya mahala le e e bulegileng ya kitso yotlhe ya batho mo gare ga phenyo ya thelebishene e ntšha le ya bogologolo—kafa go ka kokoanngwang le go bolokwa kitso ka teng fa go sena ope yo o kgathalang ka go itse." <ref>{{Cite news|last=Derakhshan|first=Hossein|author-link=Hossein Derakhshan|date=October 19, 2017|title=How Social Media Endangers Knowledge|url=https://www.wired.com/story/wikipedias-fate-shows-how-the-web-endangers-knowledge/|department=Business|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|publisher=Condé Nast|issn=1059-1028|access-date=October 22, 2018}}</ref> ==== Dietsele ==== [[File:Wikipedia_team_visiting_to_Parliament_of_Oviedo_Spain_2015.JPG|thumb|Setlhopha sa Wikipedia se etetse Palamente ya Asturias]] [[File:Spanish_Wikipedians_meetup.jpg|thumb|Kopano ya badirisi ba Wikipedia morago ga moletlo wa kabo dietsele wa Asturias wa 2015]] Wikipedia e fentse dietsele di le dintsi, e amogetse dietsele tsa yone tsa ntlha tse pedi tse di tona ka Motsheganong 2004. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Trophy shelf |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Trophy_shelf |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> Sa ntlha e ne e le Nica ya Gauta ya Merafe ya Dijithale ya kgaisano ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya Prix Ars Electronica ; se se ne sa tla ka thuso ya madi a a kana ka €10 000 (£6 588; $12 700) le taletso ya go diragatsa go ipolela kwa Moletlong wa PAE Cyberarts kwa Austria moragonyana mo ngwageng oo. Sa bobedi e ne e le Sekgele sa Webby sa Baatlhodi sa setlhogo sa "morafe". <ref name="webbyawards WP awards 1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/winners-2004.php|title=Webby Awards 2004|publisher=The International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences|year=2004}}</ref> Ka Lwetse 2008, Wikipedia e ne ya amogela seetsele sa Quadriga sa ''Letsholo la Tshedimosetso'' sa lephata la Jeremane mmogo le Boris Tadić, Eckart Höfling, le Peter Gabriel . Seetsele se se ne sa abelwa Wales ke David Weinberger . <ref name="loomarea.com WP award 1">{{Cite web |title=Die Quadriga – Award 2008 |url=https://loomarea.com/die_quadriga/e/index.php?title=Award_2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915140714/https://loomarea.com/die_quadriga/e/index.php?title=Award_2008 |archive-date=September 15, 2008 |access-date=December 26, 2008}}</ref> Ka 2015, Wikipedia e ne ya abelwa gotlhe Seetsele sa ngwaga le ngwaga sa Erasmus,se se akgolang ditshwaelo tse di kgethegileng mo setsong, mo setšhabeng kgotsa mo dithutong tsa batho, <ref name="EP2015">{{Cite web |title=Erasmus Prize – Praemium Erasmianum |url=https://www.erasmusprijs.org/?lang=en&page=Erasmusprijs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115214241/https://www.erasmusprijs.org/?lang=en&page=Erasmusprijs |archive-date=January 15, 2015 |access-date=January 15, 2015 |website=Praemium Erasmianum Foundation}}</ref> le Seetsele sa Kgosigadi ya Asturias sa Tirisanommogo ya Boditšhabatšhaba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación Internacional 2015 |trans-title=Princess of Asturias Award of International Cooperation 2015 |url=https://www.fpa.es/es/premios-princesa-de-asturias/premiados/2015-wikipedia.html?especifica=0&idCategoria=0&anio=2015&especifica=0 |access-date=June 17, 2015 |website=Fundación Princesa de Asturias |language=es}}</ref> Fa a bua kwa Palamenteng ya Asturia kwa Oviedo, toropo e e tshwarang moletlo wa dietsele, Jimmy Wales o ne a akgola tiro ya badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Asturia . <ref>{{Cite news|date=October 22, 2015|title=Los fundadores de Wikipedia destacan la versión en asturiano|language=es|newspaper=La Nueva España|url=https://www.lne.es/sociedad-cultura/2015/10/22/fundadores-wikipedia-destacan-version-asturiano/1830529.html|access-date=October 20, 2015}}</ref> ==== Metlae ==== Rrametlae Stephen Colbert o tshwantshitse kgotsa o umakile Wikipedia mo dikarolong di le mmalwa mo pontshong ya gagwe ya ''The Colbert Report'' mme a tlhama lefoko le le amanang le lone la ''wikiality'', le le rayang gore "mmogo re ka tlhama boammaaruri jo rotlhe re dumalanang ka jone—boammaaruri jo re sa tswang go dumalana ka jone". Sekai se sengwe se ka bonwa mo go "Wikipedia e Keteka Dingwaga di le makgolo a le masupa le masome a le matlhano tsa Boipuso jwa Amerika", lekwalo la tsebe ya ntlha ya Phukwi 2006 mo ''The Onion'', <ref name="onion WP 750 years 1">{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2006 |title=Wikipedia Celebrates 750 Years Of American Independence |url=https://www.theonion.com/articles/wikipedia-celebrates-750-years-of-american-indepen,2007/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325234026/http://www.theonion.com/articles/wikipedia-celebrates-750-years-of-american-indepen,2007/ |archive-date=March 25, 2010 |access-date=October 15, 2006 |website=[[The Onion]]}}</ref> mmogo le lekwalo mo ''The Onion la'' 2010 la "Molao wa LA' Tsebe ya Wikipedia e Lebilweng Makgetho a le makgolo a le boferabobedi le masome a le bosupa le bone Gompieno". <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 24, 2010 |title='L.A. Law' Wikipedia Page Viewed 874 Times Today |url=https://www.theonion.com/articles/la-law-wikipedia-page-viewed-874-times-today,18521/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405113731/http://www.theonion.com/articles/la-law-wikipedia-page-viewed-874-times-today,18521/ |archive-date=April 5, 2015 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=[[The Onion]]}}</ref> Mo tiragalong ya metlae ya thelebišene ya Amerika ya Moranang 2007 ya ''The Office'', motsamaisi wa ofisi ( Michael Scott ) o bontshiwa a ikaegile ka lekwalo la kakanyetso laWikipedia go bona tshedimosetso ka maano a dipuisano go mo thusa go buisana ka tuelo e e kwa tlase ya mmereki. Babogedi ba lenaneo le ba ne ba leka go oketsa go umakiwa ga tsebe e mo tiragalong e jaaka karolo ya setlhogo sa mmatota sa Wikipedia se se buang ka dipuisano, mme maiteko a a ne a thibelwa ke badirisi ba bangwe mo tsebeng ya puisano ya setlhogo se. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Jesdanun|first=Anick|date=April 12, 2007|title='Office' fans, inspired by Michael Scott, flock to edit Wikipedia|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|url=https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/webguide/internetlife/2007-04-12-office-wikipedia_N.htm|access-date=December 12, 2014}}</ref> " My Number One Doctor ", e leng karolo ya 2007 ya lenaneo la thelebišene ''la Scrubs'', e ne e tshameka ka kgopolo ya gore Wikipedia ke sedirisiwa se se sa ikanyegeng sa motswedi, go na le tiragalo e mo go yone Perry Cox a tsibogelang molwetse mongwe yo o reng lekwalo la Wikipedia le mmontsha gore go ja dijo tse di sa butswang go busetsa morago ditlamorago tsa kankere ya marapo mme a tlatsa gore mokwadi wa lekwalo leo ke yo o kwadileng la Kaedi ya dipontsho tsa lenaneo la Battlestar Galactica gape. Ka 2008, webosaete ya metlae ''ya CollegeHumor'' e ne ya tlhagisa motshameko wa ditshwantsho o o bidiwang "Morutuntshi Wikipedia", se mo go sone Morutuntshi Wikipedia wa maitirelo a laelang baithuti ka motswako wa dipolelo tse di sa netefadiweng le tse di sa utlwaleng sentle fale le fale.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frucci |first=Adam |date=September 16, 2008 |title=If Wikipedia Was a Professor, College Would Be Awesome [Citation Needed] |url=https://gizmodo.com/if-wikipedia-was-a-professor-college-would-be-awesome-5050507 |access-date=May 28, 2026 |website=Gizmodo}}</ref> Motshameko wa metlae ''wa ga Dilbert'' wa Motsheganong a le boferabobedi, 2009, o bontsha moanelwa yo o tshegetsang polelo e e sa kgonegeng ka go re, "Mphe metsotso e le lesome mme o bo o tlhola Wikipedia." Ka Phukwi 2009, BBC Radio 4 e ne ya gasa motseletsele wa metlae e e bidiwang ''Bigipedia'', e e neng e beilwe mo webosaeteng e e neng e le setshwantsho sa Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=Ian |date=June 4, 2010 |title=Bigipedia given second series |url=https://www.comedy.co.uk/radio/news/319/bigipedia_given_second_series/ |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=[[British Comedy Guide]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWolf2010">Wolf, Ian (June 4, 2010). [https://www.comedy.co.uk/radio/news/319/bigipedia_given_second_series/ "Bigipedia given second series"]. ''[[British Comedy Guide]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Mengwe ya metshameko e e ne e tlhotlheleditswe ka tlhamalalo ke Wikipedia le dikwalo tsa yone. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview With Nick Doody and Matt Kirshen |url=https://www.comedy.org.uk/guide/radio/bigipedia/interview/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731150008/http://www.comedy.org.uk/guide/radio/bigipedia/interview |archive-date=July 31, 2009 |access-date=July 31, 2009 |website=[[British Comedy Guide]]}}</ref> Ka Phatwe 23, 2013, webosaete ya ''New Yorker'' e ne ya gatisa dipopae tse di nang le mafoko a : "Hee, Manning, a o akanyeditse ntwa ya maemedi e se se tsileng go e simolola mo tsebeng ya gago ya Wikipedia?" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Flake |first=Emily |author-link=Emily Flake |date=August 23, 2013 |title=Manning/Wikipedia cartoon |url=https://www.condenaststore.com/-sp/Dammit-Manning-have-you-considered-the-pronoun-war-that-this-is-going-t-Cartoon-Prints_i9813981_.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012052730/https://www.condenaststore.com/-sp/Dammit-Manning-have-you-considered-the-pronoun-war-that-this-is-going-t-Cartoon-Prints_i9813981_.htm |archive-date=October 12, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2013 |website=Conde Nast Collection}}</ref> Dipopae tse di ne di bua ka Chelsea Elizabeth Manning (yo o tshotsweng e le Bradley Edward Manning), molweladitshwanelo wa Moamerika, mopolotiki, le lesole la nako e e fetileng la Sesole sa United States yo o neng a sa tswa go tswa e le mosadi yo o fetogileng bong . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2013 |title='I am Chelsea': Read Manning's full statement |url=http://www.today.com/news/i-am-chelsea-read-mannings-full-statement-6C10974052 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=[[Today (American TV program)|Today]]}}</ref> Ka Seetebosigo 2024, ''Nature'' e ne ya gatisa tsebe ya puisano ya Wikipedia e e itlhametsweng ka fa tlase ga setlhogo se se reng "Fankase e e jang polasetiki e bakile letsatsi la katlholo" ka Emma Burnett. Tsebe e ya puisano e ne e amana le setlhogo se se itlhametsweng se se tlhalosang ditlamorago tse di sa ikaelelwang tsa go gololwa ga fankase e e jang polasetiki go phepafatsa mahura a a tsholotsweng. Lekwalo le le ne le na le ditlhogo tsa tsebe ya puisano tse di fitlhelwang mo Wikipedia, jaaka dipuisano tsa diphetogo mo tshekatshekong ya lekwalo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Burnett |first=Emma |date=June 12, 2024 |title=Plastic-eating fungus caused doomsday[2] [3] |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01723-z |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/d41586-024-01723-z |issn=0028-0836 |pmid=38867010 |access-date=May 28, 2026 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Kgatiso === [[File:WikiMedia_DC_2013_Annual_Meeting_08.JPG|right|thumb|Setlhopha sa Badiri ba Wikimedia ba kgaolo ya Wikimedia DC kwa phuthegong ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya Wikimedia ya DC ya 2013 ba eme fa pele ga ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' ''(kwa morago ka fa molemeng)'' kwa Bobolokelong jwa setšhaba jwa Amerika]] Ditlamorago tsa itsholelo tsa Wikipedia tse di bonalang thata e nnile loso lwa diensaetlolopedia tsa kgwebo, segolobogolo diphetolelo tse di gatisitsweng jaaka ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', tse di neng di sa kgone go gaisana le tse dingwe tsa mahala. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bosman |first=Julie |date=March 13, 2012 |title=After 244 Years, Encyclopaedia Britannica Stops the Presses |url=https://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com//2012/03/13/after-244-years-encyclopaedia-britannica-stops-the-presses/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103001340/https://archive.nytimes.com/mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/13/after-244-years-encyclopaedia-britannica-stops-the-presses/ |archive-date=January 3, 2023 |access-date=January 26, 2015 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 20, 2012 |title=Encyclopedia Britannica Dies At The Hands Of Wikipedia [Infographic] |url=https://www.gizmocrazed.com/2012/03/encyclopedia-britannica-dies-at-the-hands-of-wikipedia-infographic/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629152825/http://www.gizmocrazed.com/2012/03/encyclopedia-britannica-dies-at-the-hands-of-wikipedia-infographic/ |archive-date=June 29, 2014 |access-date=June 14, 2014 |website=GizmoCrazed}}</ref> <ref name="FT effect on traditional media">{{Cite news|archiveurl=Christopher Caldwell (journalist)}}</ref> Padi ya ga Nicholas Carr ya 2005 ya "The amorality of Web 2.0 " e kgala diwebosaete tse di nang le diteng tse di tlhamilweng ke badirisi (jaaka Wikipedia) ka ntlha ya go dira gore batlhagisi ba diteng ba baitseanape (le, go ya ka pono ya gagwe, ba ba kwa godimo) ba tswe mo kgwebong, ka gonne "mahala a feta boleng ka dinako tsotlhe". Carr o ne a kwala gore "Se se tlhagelelang mo diponong tse di itumedisang tsa Web 2.0 ke taolo ya batho ba ba senang maitemogelo thata. Nna ga ke kgone go akanya ka sepe se se tshosang go feta se." <ref name="RType WP traditional media effect 1">{{Cite web |last=Carr |first=Nicholas |author-link=Nicholas G. Carr |date=October 3, 2005 |title=The amorality of Web 2.0 |url=https://www.roughtype.com/archives/2005/10/the_amorality_o.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804031256/https://www.roughtype.com/?p=110 |archive-date=August 4, 2022 |access-date=July 15, 2006 |website=Rough Type}}</ref> Ba bangwe ba ganetsa mogopolo wa gore Wikipedia, kana maiteko a a tshwanang le yone, a tla tlosa dikgatiso tse di tlwaelesegileng gotlhe gotlhe. Chris Anderson, yo e kileng ya bo e le morulaganyi-mogolo wa ''Wired'', o ne a kwala mo go ''Nature'' gore mokgwa wa Wikipedia wa " botlhale jwa matshwititswiti " ga o kitla o tsaya maemo a dibukana tse di kwa godimo tsa Maranyane tse di nang le dithulaganyo tse di gagametseng tsa go sekasekwa . Tlhotlheletso ya Wikipedia mo kgwebong ya go gatisa dibuka tsa matshelo a batho e nnile selo se se tshwenyang bangwe. Molatedi wa tshedimosetso ya go gatisa dibuka Nielsen BookScan o boletse ka 2013 gore thekiso ya dibuka tsa matshelo a batho e ne ya wela tlase "ka mashetla tota". <ref name="Flood-2013" /> Kathryn Hughes, motlhatlheledi wa go kwala botshelo kwa Sekolong sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa East Anglia le mokwadi wa dibuka tse pedi tsa botshelo jwa motho o ne a kwala jaana, "Se se tshwenyang ke gore, fa o ka kgona go bona tshedimosetso eo yotlhe go tswa mo Wikipedia, go setse eng sa botshelo jwa motho?" <ref name="Flood-2013">{{Cite news|last=Flood|first=Alison|date=February 7, 2013|title=Alison Flood: ''Should traditional biography be buried alongside Shakespeare's breakfast?''|journal=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2013/feb/07/traditional-biography-shakespeare-breakfast|access-date=June 14, 2014}}</ref> === Tiriso mo patlisisong === Wikipedia e dirisitswe thata jaaka khophase ya patlisiso ya dipuo mo thutapuong ya dikhompiutara, go batla tshedimosetso le go dirisa puo ya tlholego . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mayo |first=Matthew |date=November 23, 2017 |title=Building a Wikipedia Text Corpus for Natural Language Processing |url=https://www.kdnuggets.com/building-a-wikipedia-text-corpus-for-natural-language-processing.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528034621/https://www.kdnuggets.com/2017/11/building-wikipedia-text-corpus-nlp.html |archive-date=May 28, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=KDnuggets}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lindemann |first=Luke |date=February 19, 2021 |title=Wikipedia Corpus |url=https://lukelindemann.com/wiki_corpus.html |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=lukelindemann.com}}</ref> Segolobogolo, gantsi e dira jaaka motheo wa kitso o o ikaeletseng bothata jwa go golaganya dilo, jo morago ga moo bo bidiwang "wikification", le bothata jo bo amanang le jone jwa go tlhalosa bokao jwa mafoko . Mekgwa e e tshwanang le wikification e ka dirisiwa gape go batla dikgokagano tse di "tlhaelang" mo Wikipedia. Ka 2015, babatlisisi ba Fora e bong José Lages wa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Franche-Comté kwa Besançon le Dima Shepelyansky wa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Paul Sabatier kwa Toulouse ba ne ba gatisa maemo a dikolo tse dikgolwane tsa ithutelo ditiro tsa lefatshe lotlhe go ya ka dinopolo tsa barutegi tsa Wikipedia. <ref name="mitmining">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia-Mining Algorithm Reveals World's Most Influential Universities: An algorithm's list of the most influential universities contains some surprising entries|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/view/544266/wikipedia-mining-algorithm-reveals-worlds-most-influential-universities/|access-date=December 27, 2015|work=[[MIT Technology Review]]|date=December 7, 2015|archivedate=February 1, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201174817/https://www.technologyreview.com/view/544266/wikipedia-mining-algorithm-reveals-worlds-most-influential-universities/}}</ref> <ref name="harvardisonlymarmow">{{Cite news|title=Harvard is only the 3rd most influential university in the world, according to this list|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/two-universities-beat-harvard-in-this-surprising-school-ranking-2015-12-09|access-date=December 27, 2015|work=[[MarketWatch]]|date=December 10, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="wikipediarankingtimesworldunifranche">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia Ranking of World Universities: the top 100. List ranks institutions by search engine results and Wikipedia appearances|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/wikipedia-ranking-world-universities-top-100|access-date=December 27, 2015|work=[[Times Higher Education]]|date=December 15, 2015}}</ref> Ba dirisitse PageRank, CheiRank le dithulaganyo tse di tshwanang " di latelwa ke palo ya go tlhagelela mo dikgatisong di le masome a mabedi le bone tsa dipuo tse di farologaneng tsa Wikipedia (tatelano e e fologang) le lekgolo la dingwaga le di tlhomilweng mo go lone (tatelano e e tlhatlogang)". <ref name="wikipediarankingtimesworldunifranche" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lages, J. |last2=Patt, A. |last3=Shepelyansky, D. |year=2016 |title=Wikipedia ranking of world universities |journal=[[European Physical Journal B|Eur. Phys. J. B]] |volume=89 |page=69 |arxiv=1511.09021 |bibcode=2016EPJB...89...69L |doi=10.1140/epjb/e2016-60922-0 |s2cid=1965378}}</ref> Patlisiso e e ne ya tlhabololwa ka 2019. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coquidé, C. |last2=Lages, J. |last3=Shepelyansky, D.L. |year=2019 |title=World influence and interactions of universities from Wikipedia networks. |journal=[[European Physical Journal B|Eur. Phys. J. B]] |volume=92 |page=3 |arxiv=1809.00332 |bibcode=2019EPJB...92....3C |doi=10.1140/epjb/e2018-90532-7 |s2cid=52154548}}</ref> Ka Sedimonthole 2015, John Julius Norwich o boletse, mo lekwalong le le gatisitsweng mo pampiring ya dikgang ya ''The Times'', gore jaaka rraditso o ne a dirisa Wikipedia "makgetho a ka nna lesome le bobedi ka letsatsi", mme "ga ise e mo lapise". O ne a e tlhalosa e le "motswedi o o mosola jaaka ope fela o o leng teng", o o nang le mefuta e e anameng mo e leng gore ga go kgonege go bona motho, lefelo, kgotsa selo se e se tlogetseng go sa buiwa ka sone le gore o ne a ka se ka a kwala dibuka tsa gagwe tse pedi tsa bofelo kwa ntle ga yone. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2015 |title=All hail Wikipedia |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/all-hail-wikipedia-l6t9cnhkl5m |access-date=October 1, 2024 |website=The Times}}</ref> Thutopatlisiso ya MIT ya 2017 e supa gore mafoko a a dirisiwang mo dikwalong tsa Wikipedia a feleletsa a le mo dikgatisong tsa maranyane. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thompson |first=Neil |last2=Hanley |first2=Douglas |date=February 13, 2018 |title=Science Is Shaped by Wikipedia: Evidence From a Randomized Control Trial |journal=MIT Sloan Research Paper No. 5238-17 |location=Rochester, NY |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3039505 |s2cid=30918097 |ssrn=3039505 |via=[[SSRN]]}}</ref> Dithuto tse di amanang le Wikipedia di ntse di dirisa go ithuta ka motšhini le botlhale jwa maitirelo <ref name="NYT-20230718">{{Cite news|last=Gertner|first=Jon|title=Wikipedia's Moment of Truth – Can the online encyclopedia help teach A.I. chatbots to get their facts right — without destroying itself in the process? + comment|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/18/magazine/wikipedia-ai-chatgpt.html#permid=126389255|date=July 18, 2023|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 19, 2023}}</ref> go tshegetsa ditiro tse di farologaneng. Nngwe ya dikarolo tse di botlhokwa thata ke go lemoga ka go itirisa ga go senngwa ga dikwalo le go sekaseka boleng jwa tshedimosetso mo Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Asthana |first=Sumit |last2=Halfaker |first2=Aaron |author-link2=Aaron Halfaker |date=November 2018 |editor-last=Lampe |editor-first=Cliff |title=With Few Eyes, All Hoaxes are Deep |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |location=New York City |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |volume=2 |issue=CSCW |at=21 |doi=10.1145/3274290 |issn=2573-0142 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Petroni |first=Fabio |last2=Broscheit |first2=Samuel |last3=Piktus |first3=Aleksandra |last4=Lewis |first4=Patrick |last5=Izacard |first5=Gautier |last6=Hosseini |first6=Lucas |last7=Dwivedi-Yu |first7=Jane |last8=Lomeli |first8=Maria |last9=Schick |first9=Timo |last10=Bevilacqua |first10=Michele |last11=Mazaré |first11=Pierre-Emmanuel |last12=Joulin |first12=Armand |last13=Grave |first13=Edouard |last14=Riedel |first14=Sebastian |date=2023 |title=Improving Wikipedia verifiability with AI |journal=[[Nature Machine Intelligence]] |volume=5 |issue=10 |pages=1142–1148 |arxiv=2207.06220 |doi=10.1038/s42256-023-00726-1 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Mananeo a a tsamaelanang == Diensaetlolopedia di le mmalwa tse di dirisanang tsa bobegakgang tse di akaretsang diphetolo tse di kwadilweng ke setšhaba di ne di le teng bogologolo pele ga Wikipedia e tlhongwa. Ya ntlha ya tsone e ne e le Lenaneo la BBC Domesday la 1986, le le neng le akaretsa mokwalo (o o tsentsweng mo dikhomphuteng tsa BBC Micro ) le dinepe go tswa mo bathong ba ba neng ba tsaa karolo ba feta sedikadike kwa UK, mme e ne e akaretsa thuto ka lefelo, botaki le ngwao ya UK. E ne e le ensaetlolopedia ya ntlha ya bobegakgang e e dipego (mme gape e ne e le yone ya ntlha e e tona ya bobegakgang e e golagantsweng ka dikgolagano tsa mo teng), ka bontsi jwa dikwalo di fitlhelelwa ka moalo wa UK. Setshwantsho sa bodirisi le karolo ya diteng tsa Lenaneo la Domesday di ne tsa dirwa mo webosaeteng go fitlha ka 2008 . Diensaetlolopedia di le mmalwa tse di nang le diteng tse di gololesegileng, tse di dirisanang mmogo di ne tsa tlhamiwa ka nako e le nngwe le Wikipedia (sekai , Everything2 ), mme moragonyana di le dintsi di ne tsa kopanngwa mo lenaneong le(sekai, GNE ). <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=The Free Encyclopedia Project |url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=GNU Operating System}}</ref> Nngwe ya diensaetlolopedia tsa bogologolo tsa mo inthaneteng tse di atlegileng thata tse di neng di akaretsa dikwalo tsa batho e ne e le h2g2, e e neng ya tlhamiwa ke Douglas Adams ka 1999 . Ensaetlolopedia ya h2g2 e ne e sa gagamala thata, e remeletse mo dikwalong tse di nang le metlae mme gape di ruta. Diwebosaete tsa kitso ya tirisanommogo tse di neng tsa latela di tlhotlheleditswe ke Wikipedia. Tse dingwe di dirisa tshekatsheko e e tlwaelesegileng ya balekane, di tshwana le ''Ensaetlolopedia ya Botshelo'' le diensaetlolopedia tsa mo inthaneteng tsa wiki ''tsa Scholarpedia'' le Citizendium . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Encyclopedia of Life |url=http://naturalhistory.si.edu/research/eol |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=[[National Museum of Natural History]] |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scholarpedia: the free peer-reviewed encyclopedia |url=http://applied-neuroscience.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222104006/http://applied-neuroscience.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79 |archive-date=February 22, 2012 |website=Society of Applied Neuroscience}}</ref> Ya bofelo e simolotswe ke Sanger ka maiteko a go tlhama mofuta o mongwe o o ikanyegang wa Wikipedia. <ref name="JayLyman">{{Cite news|first=Jay|last=Lyman|url=https://www.crmbuyer.com/story/53137.html|title=Wikipedia Co-Founder Planning New Expert-Authored Site|publisher=LinuxInsider|date=September 20, 2006|access-date=June 27, 2007|archivedate=September 28, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928002933/http://www.crmbuyer.com/story/53137.html}}</ref> m6vpz2p1nkbzrdrgeallm2c16iwrc2a 0 2281 55213 37310 2026-09-22T03:37:30Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Kasane |native_name = |image_skyline = Tourist Resort at Kasane.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Local tourist resort |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = BW-Kasane.png |map_caption = Location of Kasane in Botswana |pushpin_map = |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption = |coordinates_region = BW |subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Districts of Botswana|District]] |subdivision_name = {{flag|Botswana}} |subdivision_name1 = [[North-West District, Botswana|North-West District]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |established_title = |established_date = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |area_magnitude = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of= 2001 |population_footnotes =<ref name="census 2001">{{Cite web |url= http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Census/population_town.pdf |title= Population of Towns, Villages and Associated Locatlities |accessdate=5 September 2009 |date= April 2002 |format= PDF |work= 2001 Population and Housing Census |publisher= Central Statistics Office |location= Gaborone |page= 141 }}</ref> |population_total = 7638 |population_urban = |population_metro = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_km2 = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates_display = inline,title |latd=17|latm=49|lats=|latNS=S |longd=025|longm=09|longs=|longEW=E |elevation_footnotes= |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |website = |footnotes = }} [[File:Kasane-botswana-fnb-atm.jpg|thumb|ATM's in Kasane]] '''Kasane ''' ke toropo ya mo [[Botswana]], ee bapileng le kwa mafatsheng a le mane a [[Aferika]] a kopanelang teng ebong: Botswana, [[Namibia]], [[Zambia]] le [[Zimbabwe]]. E kwa bokone botlhaba jwa lefatshe la Botswana kwa e okametseng bogare jwa kgaolwana ya Chobe . Palo ya batho ba Kasane e ne e le makgolokgolo a supa, makgolo a marataro le masome a mararo le borobabobedi mo palo bathong ya ngwaga wa 2001.<ref name="census 2001" /> Ka bokhutshwane Kasane o simolotse go itsege lefatshe ka bophara jaaka lefelo la go ntshafatsa nyalo ya ga Mme [[Elizabeth Taylor]] le [[Richard Burton]], ka ngwaga wa 1975. ==Tsa mesepele== Toropo e, e fa thoko ga borwa jwa lotshitshi lwa noka e e tona ya Chobe e e tlhamang mololwane wa lefatshe la Namibia kwa sebateng sa lefatshe leo. Setlhakatlhake sa Namibia sa Impalila se lebaganye le toropo mo bokone jwa lotshitshi la noka, gape go nale mololwane oo kgabaganyetsang kwa Lefatsheng la Namibia ka mokoro.<ref name="Bradt">{{cite book|author=Chris McIntyre|title=Botswana|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781841623085|publisher=[[Bradt Travel Guides]]|year=2010|isbn= 978 1 84162 308 5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781841623085/page/193 193]-193}}</ref> Go tloga dikhilomethara tse di borobabobedi mo botlhaba jwa Kasane go motsana wa Kazungula,kwa lefatshe la Botswana golebaganyeng le noka ya Zambezi go tloga fa e kopanang teng le noka ya Chobe. Fa mololwane wa Kazungula o direlang mekoro ya Kazungula e e kgabaganyetsang kwa motsaneng wa Kazungula mo Zambia kwa botlhaba jwa lotshitshi lwa noka ya Zambezi. Go bapa le mololwane wa bobedi go tsela ee tswelang ntlheng ya lefatshe la Zimbabwe e e yang dikhilomethara tse di masome a bosupa mo botlhaba jwa lephothophotho la Victoria . Kasane o kwa bofelong jwa tsela e e tswang toropong ya bobedi ebong [[Francistown]], le ya ntlha ya lefatshe la Botswana ebong [[Gaborone]]. Go na le tsela ee tswelang kwa mololwaneng wa lefatshe la Namibia dikhilomethara tse di masome a matlhano le motso ko Ngoma. Kasane o kwa bokone botlhaba jwa molelwane wa lefelo la diphologolo la Chobe. Kgolaganyo ya ditsela le yone, e dira gore go nne motlhofo gore bajanala ba kgone go ya lefelong le la diphologolo. Lefelo la diphologolo le mo teng ga makgobokgobo a Okavang, a lomaganeng le lefatshe la Namibia le bontlenyane jwa Mosi wa Thunya (Victoria Falls) ko lefatsheng la Zimbabwe. [[Setshwantsho:Kasane aerial view (2019).jpg|thumb|Kasane]] Mo toropong ye, gona gape le tsa mesepele ya difofane, ka jalo bajanala gotswa kgakala ba ka dirisa tsone ka ebile di le bofefo gona le dipalamo tsa tsela ==Ditlamelo== Kasane o nale mafelo a bothibelelo le a borobalo (aa itebagantse le kgwebo ya maroko le go bona diphologolo). Mafelo a a neela mesepele ya go ya mafelong a diphologolo a Chobe malatsi otlhe, le go tsamaya ka mekoro mo nokeng ya Chobe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kasane Lodges |url=http://chobeaccommodation.com/ |access-date=2011-10-29 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927051255/http://www.chobeaccommodation.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Banka tsa bo Barclays, First National, Stanbic le Standard Chartered le tsone di na le ditlamelo tse di thusang ka tsa madi. == Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle == [[Setshwantsho:BW Kasane Chobe Safari Lodge.JPG|left|thumb|Kasane Chobe Safari Lodge]] * [[Setshwantsho:BTW-kasane-hauptstr.jpg|thumb|Kasane]] [[Setshwantsho:Citation M2 Kasane v1.jpg|center|thumb|Air Cessna Citation M2 over Kasane, Botswana]] [[Setshwantsho:BW Kasane to Nata March 2017 01.jpg|left|thumb|tsela ya Kasane]] [[Setshwantsho:Air Botswana new ATR 72 at Kasane International Airport on a cloudy day.jpg|center|thumb|Air Botswana new Embraer E170 at Kasane International Airport]] ==Dipadi== {{Reflist}} ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== [http://www.kasaneonline.com/%20-%20 Kasane] [http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/kasane.php Botswana/Kasane] [[Karolo:Kasane]] [[Karolo:Kgaolwana ya Botswana ya bokone bophirima]] [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] [[Karolo:Kgabaganyo ya mololwane wa Botswana–Namibia]] t85qezlu1bpsmjnv01tu0koano0ubn2 0 3513 55202 47203 2026-09-22T03:33:52Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55202 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Veggies.jpg|thumb|Marekisetso a a rekisang merogo kwa United States.]] Lefoko '''merogo''' le raya sengwe se se jegang e ka nna bontlha bongwe jwa setlhare kgotsa matlhare, mme go sa akarediwe dipeo gape le maungo. Se se raya matlhare, ditlhito, kgotsa medi ya ditlhare mme gape go akarediwe le dimela tse dingwe (jaaka squash). Lefoko merogo/morogo ga le na leina la nnete le le tsepameng mo dithutong tsa biology; ka go rialo lefoko le le raya dilo tse di mmal culinary and cultural tradition. Sekai ke gore batho ba tsaya gore mabowa le one ke merogo le fa e ntse e se [[ditlhatsana]],<ref>"Mushrooms" classified under "Other vegetables". In [https://web.archive.org/web/20110606061000/http://www.choosemyplate.gov/foodgroups/vegetables.html What foods are in the vegetable group?] United States Department of Agriculture. Last modified on 2011-05-31 02:35 PM. Retrieved 2011-06-02.</ref><ref> "Mushrooms" classified under "VEGETABLES". In [http://www.cooks.com/rec/ch/vegetables.html Suggestions - Vegetables] at Cooks.com. Accessed on 2009-06-24]. </ref>,fa bangwe bone ba a kgaoganya le dijo ka kakaretso.<ref>[http://afsic.nal.usda.gov/nal_display/index.php?info_center=2&amp;tax_level=3&amp;tax_subject=298&amp;topic_id=1424&amp;level3_id=5934 Alternative Crops and Plants: Vegetables and Mushrooms]. United States Department of Agriculture. Last modified on 2009-06-08. Retrieved 2009-06-24.</ref> Merogo e mengwe e kgona go jewa e sa apewa fa e mengwe yone e jewa e apeilwe, gape le e mengwe ''ke tshwanelo ya gore '' e jewe e apeilwe. Merogo gantsi e jewa e apewa e le seshabo kgotsa mo dijong tse di letswai. Le fa go ntse jalo, merogo mengwe e dirisiwa mo dijong tse di nang le sukirinyana, jaaka [[rhubarb pie]] le [[carrot cake]]. Tlhaloso ya lefoko "merogo" jaaka "setlhare se se golang se jewa" e ne e ise e simololwe go fitlha ka 18th century.<ref>{{cite book | first=John | last=Ayto | title=Dictionary of Word Origins | url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofword0000ayto | publisher=Arcade Publishing | location=New York | year=1993 | isbn=1-55970-214-1 | oclc=33022699}} </ref> [[File:Légumes 01.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la thekisetso merogo]] [[File:MelonYard.jpg|thumb|Tshimo ya magapu ka Heligan Cornwall England]] ==Mafoko== [[File:Botanical Fruit and Culinary Vegetables.png|thumb]] Go nale mafoko a le mane a a rayang merogo le maungo: *[[Maungo]](dimela): peo ya leungo (nako dingwe e akaretsa tse di farologanyeng popego), *[[Leungo]](a a kgethiwang): bontlha bongwe jo bo jewang jo bo nang le [[sukiri]], *Merogo: bontlha bongwe jo bo jewang jo bo letswainyana. Nngwe ya dimela di tshwana [[mmidi]] kgotsa [[dinawa]], di ka tsewa fela jaaka merogo. Nngwe ya dipotso tsa gore a mme [[tamati]] ke morogo e santse e kile ya sekwa kwa kgotla tshekelong ya United States ka ngwaga wa 1893. Mme kgotla e tlhalositse ka molao motheo wa ''Nix v. Hedden'' gore [[tamati]] ke morogo ka gore e wela mo dituelong tsa ngwaga wa 1883 tsa dithoto tse di tswang kwa mafatsheng a sele. Kgotla kgolo e bile ya papamatsa gore tamati ke leungo gape fa go buiwa ka dithuto tsa dimela.<ref>[http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&amp;vol=149&amp;invol=304 Full text of this opinion in Nix v. Hedden courtesy of Findlaw.com.]</ref> Gantsi molefatsheng la [[Botswana]] merogo e jewa ka [[tamati]], [[ditapole]], [[anyansi]] le di [[carrots]]. Se di dira gore morogo o tiye dikotla tse di tlhokegang mo mmeleng wa motho gape maungo aa natetsha morogo thata. Merogo e tlhokana le thokomelo ee namatsang fa motho a e jadile, gonne merogo ke ngwe ya dimela tse di tshabelelwang ke go bola ka bonako, fa godimo ga moo e thokana le thokomelo e ntsi kgathanong le ditshidinyana tse di jang merogo gore di seka tsa senya morogo. Gantsi thata gore morogo o gole sentle o tlhokana le go nosediwa, [[motshetelo]], molemo wa pesticides. Se golo bogolo jang ka gore mo mafatsheng a tshwana le a [[Botswana]] jaana batho ka bontsi ba itshetsa ka yone [[temo thuo]]. Kajolo dimela le maungo a thokanale thokomelo e tshwanang le ya teemane. ==Temo ya merogo le maungo e ka tshetsa batho== Mothusa tona wa temothuo, Rre Oreeditse Molebatsi o rotloeditse balemi ba merogo le maungo go dira ka natla go jesa lefatshe leno.E rile mothusa tona a bua kwa phuthegong ya balemi ba merogo ba kgaolo ya legare kwa Mahalapye ka Mosupologo, a ba bolelela fa a tshwentswe ke go sa direng sentle ga bone.Rre Molebatsi a re lephata la gagwe le na le lenaneo la temo ya merogo la ISPAAD, le mo go lone puso e thusang balemi go simolola le go tsweledisa temo ya nosetso. A re temo ya merogo ke kgwebo e molemi a ka dirang madi go itshetsa le go jesa lefatshe, a tlatsa ka gore balemi ba itse fa temo ya merogo e raya molemi a dira ka diatla go ntsha maduo a a kwa godimo.Rre Molebatsi a re o tshwenyegile thata ka gore go na le balemi ba le bantsi mo kgaolong ya legare mme sebe sa phiri ke gore bontsi jwa bone ga ba dire sentle, a ipotsa gore matsapa di a tsaya kae.O ne a rotloetsa balemi ba nosetso go tsaya temo ya bone ka tlhoafalo ka jaana go na le mmaraka wa merogo mo Botswana le mo mafatsheng a sele. Mothusa tona o ne a rotloetsa balemi ba ba direlang mo dikgaolong tse di se nang metsi gore ba kgone go tswelela mo kgwebong ya bone.A re go na le balemi ba ba sa direng sentle mo dikgaolong tse dingwe lebaka le letona e le metsi, mme seo se ba kgoreletse go gola le go kgona ditoro tsa bone.Rre Molebatsi a re o lemogile fa go na le mathata mo baleming ka jaana thobo ya bone e le kwa tlase ntswa go na le badirelapuso ba ba firetsweng go ba thusa go tokafatsa thobo.O ne a kgothatsa balemi go dirisana thata le badiri bao mo dikgaolong tsa bone gore maduo a nametse le gone gore molemi a obe letsogo.A re thobo ya merogo mo lefatsheng leno fa e kopantswe ga e goroge kwa seelong se se batlwang go jesa Batswana, mme seo se pateletse puso go reka merogo kwa ntle. Rre Molebatsi a re ke ka moo a emeng ka dinao gore balemi ba dire ka natla go ntsha thobo e e lekaneng go rekisiwa mo mmarakeng wa Botswana.A re o kgatlhanong le balemi ba e reng go nna thata mo kgwebong ya bone ba bo ba sia ba tlogela, a tlatsa ka gore seo ga se na go isa lefatshe la Botswana gope. Mothusa tona a re kgwebo e raya gore molemi o tsile go dira ka gotlhe go sa kgathalesege gore o a latlhegelwa kgotsa o dira dipoelo ka a tlhaloganya gore tse di kgona go diragala mo kgwebong.O ne a rotloetsa balemi ba merogo go simolodisa mokgatlho o o ba tshwaraganyang gore ba bue ka lentswe le le lengwefela.Rre Molebatsi a re go nna mokgatlho go a busetsa ka puso e ka reetsa dilelo tsa bone fa ba bua ka lentswe le lengwe fela.O ne a kopa balemi gore ba tswe ka megopolo e e ka thusang puso go tsaya ditshwetso tse di maleba le gone go fetola ditsetlana tsa go tlhabolola temo ya nosetso. E rile balemi ba tswa la bone ba supa fa ba lebanwe ke dikgwetlho di tshwana le letlhoko la metsi le motlakase o o turang mo go ngomolang pelo fa ba re ba o tsenya kwa masimong.Nngwe ya dikgang tse ba neng ba di ntsha e bile ba kopa puso go e sekegela tsebe ke go fokodiwa ga ditlhwatlhwa tsa go hira batswakwa ka ba le turu mme e bile gape Batswana e se batho ba ba ratang go bereka kwa masimo.Ba re e sale diteseletso tsa nakwana di emisiwa jaanong ba sokola ka batho ba ba dirang kwa masimong mme ba kopa puso go di busetsa.Fa a latlhela la motlapitsong, Rre Koonyatse Tamasiga o ne a re go na le batho ba ba saleng ba fiwa masimo mo kgaolong ya Dikabeya gore ba simolole go lema mme nako kgolo ke eno, ka jalo a kopa puso go a neela balemi ba ba tlhoafaletseng temo.A re masimo ga a ka ke a fiwa batho fela ba bo ba sa a dirise. ==Dikai tsa dimela tse di dirisiwang jaaka merogo.== Palo ya dilo tse di bitswang "merogo" e telele ebile ga e akaretse bontlha bongwe jwa dimela: [[File:Cilantro_leaf_rot_crop.jpg|thumb|right]] * Lehupela la sethunya : * Dipeo : Mmidi , dinawa, * Matlhare : * Mahupela : * Dithitwa : * Dithitwa tsa matlhare : * Modi : : * Dinawa ==Dikota== [[File:Ipomoea stir fry.jpg|thumb]] Dingwe tsa dikota tse e leng gore morogo o nale tsone ke tse di latelateng tse di kwadilweng ka puo ya seeng: vitamins A and E, protein, fiber, zinc, thiamin, calcium le iron le tse dingwe fela jalo. [http://www.vegetariantimes.com/blog/nutrition-face-off-raw-vs-cooked-spinach/] [[File:Vegetable Cart in Guntur.jpg|thumb|Merogo (le maungo manngwe) a a rekisiwang mo mebileng ya Guntur, India]] [[File:Chholay.JPG|thumb|left|Dipeo tsa dinawa.]] ==Tlhokomelo== [[File:Hrushikesh_kulkarni_vegetables.JPG|thumb|right|Merogo]] Thobo e e faphegileng e tsweledisa botsheolo jwa merogo . Merogo e nang le mathare e tshwanetse ya dirisiwa mo nakong e e khutswane , kgotsa ya bewa mo pampiring e phutlhetswe. == Maemo == {{expand section|date=November 2011}} Go nale maemo a ISO a a buang ka merogo le maungo.<ref name="fvdp">{{cite web | title = 67.080: Fruits. Vegetables | publisher = [[International Organization for Standardization]] | url = http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_ics_browse.htm?ICS1=67&ICS2=80 | accessdate = 2009-04-23 | archive-date = 2012-09-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120922003203/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_ics_browse.htm?ICS1=67 | url-status = dead }}</ref> ==O ka tsibogela== * Boleng jwa dijo * Tshireletso ya dijo * Leungo * Palo ya merogo * Merogo e e nnang e le teng ngwaga otlhe * Baji ba merogo * Veganism * Malwetse a merogo * Diphologolo tse di jang merogo * Thekiso ya merogo ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} ==Palo pele== * Munro, Derek B., Small, E. 1997 ''[http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/books/books/9780660195032.html Vegetables of Canada.]'' NRC Research Press, Ottawa ISBN 978-0-660-19503-2 ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== {{cookbook|Vegetable}} {{commons|Vegetable}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204550/http://crosstree.info/Documents/Veggies%20ID.pdf Photo ID of Vegetables] by Capt. Pawanexh Kohli * [http://vric.ucdavis.edu/ UC Vegetable &amp; Research Information Center] * [http://web4.msue.msu.edu/veginfo Michigan Vegetable Information Network] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120123151846/http://fruitsnvegetables.com/ Fruits and Vegetables - Your Reference to Fruits and Vegetables, Veg Recipes, Healthy Diet, Healthy Life and Food Tips, Storage Information, Suppliers Directory.] [[Category:Merogo]] 90kerxxcmrk3kpscd92ctvvmat6kao8 0 4260 55221 37544 2026-09-22T03:41:53Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox disease | name = Bolwetse jwa mogare wa Ebola | image = 7042 lores-Ebola-Zaire-CDC Photo.jpg | caption = Setshwantsho sa 1976 sa baoki ba le babedi ba eme fa pele ga [[Mayinga N'Seka|Mayinga N.]], motho yo o neng a na le bolwetse jwa mogare wa Ebola; o tlhokafetse matsatsi a le mmalwa a a hulereng ka ntlha ya go dutla madi ka fa teng go go etegetseng. | DiseasesDB = 18043 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|98|4|a|90}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|065.8}} | MedlinePlus = 001339 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 626 | MeshID = D019142 }} '''Bolwetse jwa mogare wa Ebola''' ('''EVD''') kgotsa '''letshoroma la go dutlela teng ga madi''' ('''EHF''') ke bolwetse jo bo tlhaselang batho mme bo tlholwa ke mogare wa Ebola. <!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Gantsi dikai di simolola matsatsi a le mabedi kgotsa dibeke di le tharo morago ga go tshwaetswa ke mogare, mme di iponatsa ka letshoroma, mometso o o botlhoko, Myalgia/go opa ga mesifa le go opiwa ke tlhogo.Gantsi , go tlaa latela letlhatso le letshololo , mmogo le go sa direng sentle ga sebete le diphio. Mo nakong e, batho ba le bantsi ba simolola go nna le matsapa a godutla madi.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Ebola virus disease Fact sheet N°103|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=12 April 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref> == Cause and Diagnosis == Mogare o kgona go fetela ka go kgoma madi kgotsa seela/diela tsa mmele tsa phologolo e e nang le mogare (gantsi e nna dikgabo kgotsa bommamanthane).<ref name=WHO2014/> Ga go ise go netefadiwe gore mogare o ka tshwaetswa ka phefo.<ref name=WHOAir2014>{{cite web|title=2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa|url=http://www.who.int/ith/updates/20140421/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=3 August 2014|date=Apr 21 2014}}</ref> Go dumelwa gore bommamanthane ba kgona go tshola le go fetisa mogare le fa bona ba sa tshwaetsega. Fa motho a tshwaetsegile, bolwetse jo bo ka fetetsana gareng ga batho. Banna ba ka bo fetetsa ka peo ya bonna mo dikgweding di ka nna pedi. Gore o kgone go bona gore o tshwaeditswe, go tshwanetswe ga tlholwa le go kgapelwa thoko malwetse a mangwe a a nang le dikai tse di tshwanang le mogare o, jaaka malaria, kholera le malwetse a mangwe a letshoroma la go dutla madi. Go netefatsa gore mogare o go tsene, go tsewa madi go a lekelela masole a mmele RNA, kgotsa mogare ka boona. <ref name=WHO2014/> == Thibelo == [[Setshwantsho:Ebola Virus - Electron Micrograph.tiff|thumb|Ebola Virus - Electron Micrograph]] Thibelo ya bolwetse jo e akaretsa go kakoba dikgabo le dikolobe tse di tshwaeditsweng. Se se ka kgonwa ka go tlhola tshwaetso go diphologolo tse, le go di bolaya le go latlha ditopo tsa tsona ka tsela e e maleba fa e le gore di na le mogare. Go apaya nama sentle le go apara diaparotshireletso fa re tshola nama le gona go ka nna mosola, go tshwana le fa re apara diaparotshireletso le go tlhapa diatla fa re dirana le motho yo o nang le bolwetse jo. Go tshwanetse ga elwa tlhoko gore diela le ditogwa tsa batho ba ba fetetsweng ke bolwetse di tsholwa jang. == Treatment, Prognosis and Epidemiology == Ga go kalafi e e itseweng ya bolwetse jo; maiteko a go thusa batho ba ba khueditsweng a akaretsa go ba nosa metsi a letswai/sukiri kgotsa go tsenya dino mo diriping.<ref name=WHO2014/> Bolwetse jo bo bolaya bontsi: magareng a 50% le 90% ya ba ba tshwaeditsweng ke mogare o.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name="Elsevier/Academic Press">{{cite book|author1=C.M. Fauquet|title=Virus taxonomy classification and nomenclature of viruses; 8th report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier/Academic Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780080575483|page=648|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=9Wy7Jgy5RWYC&pg=PA648}}</ref> EVD e bonwe lantlha kwa Sudan morago ya bonwa kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo. Gantsi bolwetse jo bo tsipoga kwa dikgaolong tsa Aforika ya Sub-Sahara.<ref name=WHO2014/> Go tloga ka 1976 (fa bo lemogiwa lantlha), go fitlha go 2013, go palo ya batho ba le ka fa tlase ga 1,000 ba ba tshwaeditsweng, <ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=MMWRJune2014>{{cite web|title=Ebola Viral Disease Outbreak — West Africa, 2014|url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6325a4.htm?s_cid=mm6325a4_w|website=CDC|accessdate=26 June 2014|date=June 27, 2014}}</ref>Bogolo jwa tsogo gajaana ke jwa Tsogo ya Ebola ya Aforikabophirima, e e khuetsang Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia gongwe le Nigeria.<ref name=CDC2014>{{cite web|title=CDC urges all US residents to avoid nonessential travel to Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone because of an unprecedented outbreak of Ebola.|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/warning/ebola-liberia|website=CDC|accessdate=2 August 2014|date=July 31, 2014}}</ref><ref name=CDCAug2014N>{{cite web|title=Outbreak of Ebola in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone|url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/guinea/index.html|website=CDC|accessdate=5 August 2014|date=August 4, 2014}}</ref> Go fitlha ka Phatwe wa 2014 go lemogilwe batho ba le 1600.<ref name="Ebola_upd">{{cite web|title=Ebola virus disease update - West Africa|url=http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_08_04_ebola/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=6 August 2014|date=Aug 4, 2014}}</ref> Go tsewa matsapa go fitlhelela moento; le gale, ga o ise o bonwe. ==Dikaelo== {{Reflist|colwidth=25em}} ; Bibiliokerafi {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite book|last=Klenk|first=Hans-Dieter|title=Marburg and Ebola Viruses (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology)|url=https://archive.org/details/marburgebolaviru0000unse|date=January 1999|publisher=Springer-Verlag Telos|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-540-64729-4|ref=CITEREFKlenk1999}} * {{Cite book|first1=Hans-Dieter|last1=Klenk|first2=Heinz|last2=Feldmann|title=Ebola and Marburg viruses: molecular and cellular biology|url=http://books.google.com/?id=EV_mFgnyPoMC|format=Limited preview|year=2004|publisher=Horizon Bioscience|location=Wymondham, Norfolk, UK|isbn=978-0-9545232-3-7|ref=CITEREFKlenkFeldmann2004}} * {{Cite book|last=Kuhn|first=Jens H.|title=Filoviruses: A Compendium of 40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies. Archives of Virology Supplement, vol. 20|url=http://books.google.com/?id=LaOue0F9Ns4C|format=Limited preview|year=2008|publisher=SpringerWienNewYork|location=Vienna|isbn=978-3-211-20670-6|ref=CITEREFKuhn2008}} * {{Cite book|last1=McCormick|first1=Joseph|last2=Fisher-Hoch|first2=Susan|others=Horvitz, Leslie Alan|title=Level 4: Virus Hunters of the CDC|url=http://books.google.com/?id=QEvR3aJX2m0C|format=Limited preview|origyear=1996|edition=Updated [3rd]|year=1999|publisher=Barnes & Noble|isbn=978-0-7607-1208-5|ref=CITEREFMcCormickFisher-Hoch1999|month=June}} * {{Cite book|last=Pattyn|first=S. R.|title=Ebola Virus Haemorrhagic Fever|year=1978|url=http://www.itg.be/ebola/|format=Full free text|edition=1st|publisher=Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press|location=Amsterdam|isbn=0-444-80060-3|ref=CITEREFPattyn1978|access-date=2014-08-29|archive-date=2010-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211083855/http://www.itg.be/ebola/|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last1=Ryabchikova|first1=Elena I.|last2=Price|first2=Barbara B.|title=Ebola and Marburg Viruses: A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy|year=2004|publisher=Battelle Press|location=Columbus, Ohio|isbn=978-1-57477-131-2|ref=CITEREFRyabchikovaPrice2004 }} {{Refend}} ==Dikgokaganontle== {{Refbegin}} * [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/207.html ViralZone: Ebola-like viruses] – Virological repository from the [[Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics]] * [http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/ CDC: Ebola hemorrhagic fever] – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch * [http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/en/ WHO: Ebola haemorrhagic fever] – World Health Organization, Global Alert and Response * [http://www.viprbrc.org/brc/home.do?decorator=filo Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Filoviridae] * [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/emdb/searchResults.html/?q=ebola 3D macromolecular structures of the Ebola virus archived in the EM Data Bank (EMDB)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140819171607/https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=202977755949863934429.0004c658eb30f9c4fb1c0&ie=UTF8&t=h&ll=27.371767,5.273438&spn=110.017392,184.21875&z=2&source=embed&dg=feature Google Map of Ebola Outbreaks] * [http://www.who.int/csr/bioriskreduction/filovirus_infection_control/en/ WHO recommended infection control measures] {{Refend}} nj8gi5ufn0q8mbz204wnuz85osil79j 0 9548 55210 54455 2026-09-22T03:36:41Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55210 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Setshwantsho:Silence_and_Respect.jpg|right|thumb| Letshwao le le kopang "tidimalo le tlotlo" kwa Mabitleng a Bosetšhaba a Arlington]] Tlotlo. e itsiwe ka leina le lengwe le eleng tlotlo ke maikutlo kgotsa maitseo a tltlo a a itsholwang go mothong kgotsa selo se se botlhokwa mo tlotlong . Le bontsha boikutlo jwa go kgatlhegela dinonofo tse di molemo kana tsa botlhokwa. Gape ke thulaganyo ya go tlotla mongwe ka go bontsha tlhokomelo, go amega, kgotsa go akanyetsa ditlhoko tsa gagwe kgotsa maikutlo a gagwe. Mo ditsong tse dintsi, batho ba tsewa ba tshwanelwa ke tlotlo go fitlha ba supa ka tsela e sele . Batho bangwe ba ka nna ba bona tlotlo e e kgethegileng ka ditiro tsa bone tse di tlhomang sekao kgotsa ka ditiro tsa bone mo setšhabeng. Mo "ditsong tsa tlotlo", tlotlo gantsi e bonwa ka tsela eno go na le go e neelwa ka go tlhoka go dira. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sommers |first=Tamler |year=2018 |title=Why Honor Matters |url=https://archive.org/details/whyhonormatters0000somm |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=9780465098873}}</ref> Maitseo a a bontshang tlotlo a tshwana le "ke a leboga",kwa bophirima kgosa kwa lefatshe-yana la India kgotsa di tshupetso tse di bonolo tsa go tshwana le go khubama kgotsa monyenyo, go leba ka mo matlhong kgotsa go tshikinya letsogo. Ditiro tse di jalo di ka nna le ditlhaloso tse di farologaneng go ikaegile ka bokao jwa setso . Maikaelelo a bofelo ke gore batho botlhe ba tshwarwe ka tlotlo. == Di tshupetso le ditsela tse dingwe tsa go bontsha tlotlo == === Puo === Tlhaloso nngwe ya tlotlo ke go ikutlwa o kgatlhegela motho kgotsa sengwe se se bakwang ke bokgoni jwa gagwe, dinonofo tsa gagwe le se a se fitlheletseng. Tlotlo ke lefoko kgotsa polelwana (jaaka sereto se se tshwanang le " Ngaka " kgotsa sebopego sa leemedi ) se se bontshang tlotlo fa se dirisiwa go bua kgotsa go kaya motho. Ka tlwayelo tlotlo a dirisiwa fa motho wa bo bedi kgotsa wa bo raro. Tirisa go mothong wa nntlha ga e itsege thata. Dipuo tse dingwe di na le dipopego tsa motho wa ntlha tse di kgatlhanong le tlotlo (jaaka "motlhanka wa gago yo o ikokobeditseng thata" kgotsa "motho yono yo o sa tshwanelang") tse phelelo ya tsone e leng go tokafatsa tlotlo e e amanang e e neelwang motho wa bobedi kgotsa wa boraro. Ka sekai, ke go tlhoka tlotlo go sa dirise puo e e maitseo le mafoko a a tlotlegang fa o bua ka Sejapane le motho yo o nang le maemo a a kwa godimo mo setšhabeng. Lefoko la tlotlo "san" le ka diriswa ga sejatlhapi se buiwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Experiences in Tokyo - Fodor's Travel |url=http://www.fodors.com/world/asia/japan/tokyo/features.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229044905/http://www.fodors.com/world/asia/japan/tokyo/features.html |archive-date=29 December 2014 |access-date=22 October 2017 |website=www.fodors.com}}</ref> Kwa China, go tsewa e le go tlhoka maitseo go bitsa motho ka leina la gagwe la ntlha ntle le fa motho yoo a itsiwe ke sebui ka lobaka lo loleele. Mo maemong a a amanang le tiro, batho ba bitsana ka direto tsa bone. Kwa gae ba bitsana ka . <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |last=Millet |first=Joyce |year=2021 |title=Chinese Etiquette & Protocol |url=https://www.protocolprofessionals.com/articles_china.htm |website=Protocol Professionals, Inc.}}</ref> Mo setsong sa Ba-China, gantsi batho ba bitsa ditsala tsa bone ba re ke bana ba bannye le ba bagolo le fa ba le bannye ka dikgwedi di le mmalwa fela kgotsa ba le bagolo. Fa Ba-China ba botsa dingwaga tsa motho, gantsi ba dira jalo gore ba itse gore ba ka bitsa motho yoo jang. <ref name="autogenerated1" /> [[Setshwantsho:Westindischer_Maler_um_1530_001.jpg|right|thumb|322x322px| Mosadi a ama dinao tsa monna wa gagwe]] Mo ditsong tsa Boiselamo, go na le ditsela tse dintsi tsa go bontsha batho tlotlo. Ka sekai, motho a ka atla diatla tsa batsadi, borremogolo kgotsa barutabana. E anelwa mo mafokong a ga Muhammad "Go nyenya ga gago mo sefatlhegong sa ga morwarraago ke bopelotshweu". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1956 - Chapters on Righteousness And Maintaining Good Relations With Relatives - كتاب البر والصلة عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:1956 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> Gape go botlhokwa gore Mamoseleme a tshware Quran ka kelotlhoko e kgolo, ka gonne e tsewa e le lefoko la Modimo. Ditiro tse di jaaka go e baya fa fatshe kgotsa go e tshwara ka diatla tse di seng phepa di thibetswe mme di tshwanetse go latelwa ke thapelo ya boitshwarelo . Kwa India, go tlwaelegile gore, ka ntlha ya tlotlo, fa leoto la motho le ama buka kgotsa sengwe le sengwe se se kwadilweng ka phoso (se se tsewang e le diponatshegelo tsa ga Saraswati, modimogadi wa kitso) kgotsa mmele wa motho yo mongwe, go tla latelwa ke go kopa maitshwarelo ka tsela ya go supa seatla se le sengwe fela ( pranāma, the first hand dintlha tsa menwana mme morago ga moo phatla le/kgotsa sehuba. Seno gape se ama madi, a a tsewang e le ponatshegelo ya modimogadi wa khumo, Lakshmi . <ref>{{Cite book |last=DeBruyn |first=Pippa |year=2010 |title=Frommer's India |url=https://archive.org/details/frommersindia0000unse |last2=Bain |first2=Keith |last3=Allardice |first3=David |last4=Joshi |first4=Shonar |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-470-55610-8 |edition=4th |page=[https://archive.org/details/frommersindia0000unse/page/76/mode/1up 76]}}</ref> Pranāma, kana go ama maoto mo setsong sa Baindia ke sesupo sa tlotlo. Ka sekai, fa ngwana a dumedisa borraagwemogolo, gantsi ba tla ama diatla tsa bone mo dinaong tsa borraagwemogolo. Mo setsong sa Baindia, go dumelwa gore dinao ke motswedi wa lorato le maatla. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Gautam |year=2001 |title=Sacred Hindu Symbols |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQ0XQHEkuIcC |publisher=Abhinav |isbn=8170173973 |edition=2nd |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=NQ0XQHEkuIcC&q=feet 47]–48 |chapter=Namaskar or Pranam: The Sacred Posture of Hindu Salutation |url-access=limited}}</ref> Metsamao le ditiragalo tsa mmele di le dintsi tse di dirisiwang kwa Bophirima di ka tsewa e le go tlhoka tlotlo kwa Japan. Ka sekai, ga wa tshwanela go supa motho ka tlhamalalo. Fa o dumedisa kgotsa o leboga, go ka nna tshotlo fa motho yo o tlase a sa obamelo tlase go feta yo o mo godimo. Boleele jwa nako le maemo a go obama di laolwa ke dilo di le dintsi jaaka dingwaga le maemo a tiro. Ditshupo dingwe tsa tlotlo di tebang le basadi fela. Fa mosadi a sa tlotse ditlolo tsa sefahlego kgotsa a sa apara bra, batho ba ka nna ba bona fa a sa itlhomphe mo tirong kgotsa gore ga a tshetse tsela e a lebegang ka yone tsia.{{Virtues}}Go tlotla ba bangwe gantsi go tsewa e le bontle kgotsa nonofo ya semelo. Aristotle o ne a nganga ka bontle jono jaaka motheo wa tshiamiso ka bojone, a bolela mo go ''Nicomachean Ethics'' gore "tshiamiso, e le nosi ya bontle, e akanngwa e le 'molemo wa yo mongwe', ka gonne e amana le moagelani wa rona; ka gonne e dira se se mosola mo go yo mongwe, e ka tswa e le mmusi kgotsa molekane wa gagwe. mo go ene le mo ditsaleng tsa gagwe, mme motho yo o gaisang ga se yo o dirisang bontle jwa gagwe mo go ene mme ke yo o bo dirisang mo go yo mongwe ka gonne seno ke tiro e e bokete." <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Internet Classics Archive {{!}} Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle |url=https://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/nicomachaen.5.v.html |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=classics.mit.edu}}</ref> Rafilosofi Immanuel Kant o ne a dira gore bontle jwa tlotlo e nne konokono ya Taelo ya gagwe ya Kgaoganyo : : Ka jalo dira gore o tshware botho... ka metlha ka nako e le nngwe jaaka boikaelelo, le ka motlha e seng fela jaaka tsela. John Stuart Mill o ne a buelela gore bontle jono e nne molaomotheo o o laolang wa boitshwaro jwa loago ka kakaretso go na le gore e nne bontle jwa motho ka namana fela. Mo go ''On Liberty'', Mill o ne a bolela gore "boikaelelo bo le bongwe fela jo maatla a ka dirisiwang ka tshwanelo mo leloko lengwe le lengwe la setšhaba se se tlhabologileng, kgatlhanong le thato ya gagwe, ke go thibela go utlwisa ba bangwe botlhoko." [[Setshwantsho:Respeitoplaca.JPG|right|thumb|267x267px|Sign in São João da Barra saying ''"respect if you want to be respected"'']] === Setso sa China === Mo setsong sa Ba-China, go obama ka kakaretso go beetswe fela e le sesupo sa go tlotla bagolwane le bagologolwane. Fa di obama, di baya seatla sa seatla sa moja mo seatleng sa molema go lekana le mpa. Fa bora bo le boteng, ke gone ba bontshang tlotlo e e oketsegileng. Ka tlwaelo, go ne go sa tshwarana ka diatla thata mo setsong sa Ba-China. Le fa go ntse jalo, jaanong go itshupa gono go dirisiwa thata mo bathong, segolobogolo fa ba dumedisa batho ba Bophirima kgotsa batswakwa ba bangwe. Batho ba le bantsi ba Bophirima ba ka nna ba fitlhela go tshwarana ka diatla ga Ba-China go le goleele thata kana go le bokoa thata, mme seno ke ka gonne batho ba China ba tsaya gore go tshwarana ka diatla go go bokoa ke go bontsha boikokobetso le tlotlo. <ref name="autogenerated1" /> Kowtowing, kana go khubama le go obama thata mo e leng gore phatla ya motho e ama fa fatshe, go dirwa ka nako ya kobamelo kwa ditempeleng. Kowtowing ke sesupo se se maatla se se diretsweng fela bogolo jang go tlotla baswi kana go ntsha tlotlo e e tseneletseng kwa tempeleng. <ref name="autogenerated1" /> Melao e mentsi ya boitshwaro e dikologa basha go bontsha batho ba ba godileng tlotlo. Filial piety ke nonofo ya go nna le tlotlo mo bagologolwaneng, mo lelapeng le mo bagolwaneng. Jaaka mo ditsong tse dintsi, go lebeletswe gore batho ba ba botlana ba China ba diegetse batho ba ba godileng, ba ba letle go bua pele, ba nne fa fatshe morago ga bone, mme ba se ka ba ba ganetsa. Ka dinako tse dingwe fa motho yo o godileng a tsena mo phaposing, mongwe le mongwe o a ema. Gantsi batho ba itsisiwe go tswa mo go yo mogolo go ya kwa go yo mmotlana. Gantsi, batho ba ba botlana ba tla dira sotlhe se ba ka se kgonang go bulela bagolwane ba bone dikgoro mme ba se ka ba kgabaganya maoto fa pele ga bone. Fa o ntse o gola go lebeletswe gore o tshwarwe ka tlotlo e e oketsegileng. <ref name="autogenerated1" /> === Setso sa Baamerika === Mo merafeng e le mentsi ya batho ba naga ya Amerika, tlotlo e tsewa e le boitsholo jo bo rutang batho ba naga ka setso sa bone . Boleng jo jwa maitsholo bo tsewa jaaka thulaganyo e e tlhotlheletsang go tsaya karolo mo setšhabeng mme gape e thusa batho go tlhabologa le go kopanngwa mo setsong sa bona. Ka lebaka le, boleng jwa tlotlo bo rutwa mo bongwaneng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fernandez |first=David-Lorente |date=2012 |title=Ser respetuoso es ser persona. El niño y la pedagogía moral de Los Nahuas del Centro de México |journal=Revista de Dialectología y Tradiciones Populares |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=431–452 |doi=10.3989/rdtp.2012.16 |issn=0034-7981 |eissn=1988-8457 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tlotlo jaaka mofuta wa maitsholo le go tsaya karolo go botlhokwa thata jaaka motheo wa ka fao bana ba tshwanetseng go itshwara ka teng mo setšhabeng sa bona. Bana ba dira ditiro tse di godileng tse di jaaka go apeela lelapa, go phepafatsa le go feela ntlo, go tlhokomela balekane ba masea, le tiro ya dijalo. Bana ba tlholego ba ithuta go leba go tsaya karolo ga bona mo ditirong tse jaaka kemedi ya tlotlo. Ka go bontsha tlotlo ka go nna le seabe mo ditirong, bana ba ithuta ngwao mme gape ba a e tshela.  == Bona gape == * Ditekelelo tsa ga Asch * Tshekegelo tsebe * Seriti * [[Maitseo]] ** Setlhopha:Ditshegofatso tsa loago ** Maitseo kwa Asia * Molao wa Sekagouta * Boitshupo (saense ya loago) * Taolo ya maikutlo * Tekeletso ya Milgram * Molawana wa go se nne bogale * Kagiso Lorato Kutlwano Tlotlo * Kgopolo ya papiso ya loago * Loso lwa loago * Tshegetso ya loago * Boleng (maitsholo le saense ya loago) {{Authority control}} == Puiso e nngwe == * {{Cite journal |last=Beach |first=Mary Catherine |last2=Duggan |first2=Patrick S. |last3=Cassel |first3=Christine K. |last4=Geller |first4=Gail |year=2007 |title=What Does 'Respect' Mean? Exploring the Moral Obligation of Health Professionals to Respect Patients |journal=Journal of General Internal Medicine |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=692–695 |doi=10.1007/s11606-006-0054-7 |issn=0884-8734 |pmc=1852905 |pmid=17443381}} *   * {{Cite web |last=Farid |first=Sana |year=2005 |title=Respect |url=https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/respect/?nid=6573 |website=Beyond Intractability}} * {{Cite journal |last=Gross |first=David |date=12 November 2020 |title=Notes on Respect-for-Others |url=https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/JwpmYpM3PYQ7iT6LJ/notes-on-respect-for-others |archive-date=27 August 2026 |access-date=26 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260827004938/https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/JwpmYpM3PYQ7iT6LJ/notes-on-respect-for-others |url-status=dead }} *   * {{Cite book |last=Milgram |first=Stanley |author-link=Stanley Milgram |year=1974 |title=[[Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View]]}} * {{Cite book |last=Rand |first=Ayn |author-link=Ayn Rand |year=1964 |title=[[The Virtue of Selfishness]] |chapter=The Objectivist Ethics}} * {{Cite book |last=Rawls |first=John |author-link=John Rawls |year=1971 |title=[[A Theory of Justice]] |publisher=Belknap Press |isbn=978-0-674-00078-0}} [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2pqnow23l66tf8ry9rfhftjnkgt51ix 0 12712 55203 54166 2026-09-22T03:34:10Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55203 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dinoga''' ke digagabi tse ditelele tse di se nang maoto tsa kgaolwana ya Serpentes.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Reeder TW, Townsend TM, Mulcahy DG, Noonan BP, Wood PL, Sites JW, Wiens JJ |year=2015 |title=Integrated analyses resolve conflicts over squamate reptile phylogeny and reveal unexpected placements for fossil taxa |journal=[[PLOS ONE]] |volume=10 |issue=3 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1018199R |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0118199 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4372529 |pmid=25803280 |doi-access=free |article-number=e0118199}}</ref> Cladistically di-squamates, '''Dinoga''' ke ectothermic, Amniote vertebrates e e apesitsweng ke dikgapetla tse aparaneng jaaka maloko a mangwe a setlhopha. Mefuta e le mentsi ya dinoga e na le ditlhogotse di nang le manonyeletso a le mmalwa go feta bagologolwane ba tsone ba mokgantitswane le ba losika lwa tsone, me seno se dira gore di kgone go kometsa diphologolo tse dikgolo go feta ditlhogo tsa tsone (cranial kinesis). Go kgona go amogela mebele ya tsone e mesesane, dirwe tsa dinoga tse di kopantsweng (tse di jaaka diphilo) di tlhagelela di le fa pele ga tse dingwe go na le go nna di bapile, mme bontsi bo na le makgwafo a le mangwe fela a a dirang. Mefuta mengwe e na le Lebanta la pelvic le le nang le para ya manala a vestigial mo matlhakoreng o o mabedi a cloaca. Mekgantitswane e itlhageletse ka bo tsone go nna le mebele e meleele e e se nang le ditokololo kgotsa e e nang le ditokololo tse di fokoditsweng thata bonnye makgetlo a masome a mabedi le botlhano ka phetogo e e masome a mabedi le botlhano ka phetoge e e kopaneng, e e lebisang kwa masikeng a le mantsi a mekgantitswane tse di senang maoto.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wiens JJ, Brandley MC, Reeder TW |date=January 2006 |title=Why does a trait evolve multiple times within a clade? Repeated evolution of snakelike body form in squamate reptiles |url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/13623/files/PAL_E653.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=123–41 |bibcode=2006Evolu..60..123W |doi=10.1554/05-328.1 |pmid=16568638 |s2cid=17688691 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202043249/https://doc.rero.ch/record/13623/files/PAL_E653.pdf |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=21 January 2023}}</ref> Tseno di tshwana le dinoga, fela ditlhopha di le mmalwa tse di tlwaelegileng tsa Mekgantitswane e e se nang maoto di na le matlho le ditsebe tse di kwa ntle, tse dinoga di se nang tsone, le fa molao ono o se wa lefatshe lotlhe (bona Amphisbaenia, Dibamidae, le Pygopodidae). Dinoga tse di tshelang di fitlhelwa mo kontinenteng nngwe le nngwe kwa ntle ga Antarctica, mme mo bontsing jwa lefatshe le lennye, tse di sa akarediweng di akaretsa ditlhaketlhake dingwe tse dikgolo, tse di jaaka Ireland, Iceland, Greenland le ditlhaketlhake tsa New Zealand, mmogo le ditlhaketlhake tse dintsi tse dinnye tsa mewatle la Atlantic a bogare a Pacific. <ref name="Bauchot">{{Cite book |year=1994 |title=Snakes: A Natural History |url=https://archive.org/details/snakesnaturalhis0000bauc/page/220 |publisher=Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. |isbn=978-1-4027-3181-5 |editor-last=Bauchot |editor-first=Roland |location=New York |page=220 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, dinoga tsa lewatle di aname thata mo mawatleng otlhe a India le a Pacific. Malapa a lemogwa ga jaana, a a nang le mefuta e ka nna 520 le mefuta e e ka nnang go feta 4,170.Di farologana ka bogolo go tswa mo dinogeng tse dinnye, tse di boleele jwa {{Convert|10.4|cm|in|-long}}tsa noga ya tlhale ya Barbados <ref name="zootaxa">{{Cite journal |last=Hedges |first=S. Blair |name-list-style=vanc |date=August 4, 2008 |title=At the lower size limit in snakes: two new species of threadsnakes (Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae: Leptotyphlops) from the Lesser Antilles |url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/zt01841p030.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Zootaxa]] |volume=1841 |pages=1–30 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1841.1.1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080813023833/http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/zt01841p030.pdf |archive-date=August 13, 2008 |access-date=August 4, 2008 |doi-access=free}}</ref> go ya python e e nang ya di-motor letlowa le di 6.95 (boleele jwa 22.8. <ref name="SunBear">{{Cite journal |last=Fredriksson |first=G. M. |year=2005 |title=Predation on Sun Bears by Reticulated Python in East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo |url=http://dare.uva.nl/document/161117 |url-status=live |journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=165–168 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709001708/http://dare.uva.nl/document/161117 |archive-date=July 9, 2014}}</ref> Mofuta wa masaledi a ditshedi ''tsa Titanoboa cerrejonensis'' e ne e le boleele jwa12.8 moters (42 ft). <ref name="head">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Head JJ, Bloch JI, Hastings AK, Bourque JR, Cadena EA, Herrera FA, Polly PD, Jaramillo CA |date=February 2009 |title=Giant boid snake from the Palaeocene neotropics reveals hotter past equatorial temperatures |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2009-02-05_457_7230/page/715 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=457 |issue=7230 |pages=715–7 |bibcode=2009Natur.457..715H |doi=10.1038/nature07671 |pmid=19194448 |s2cid=4381423}}</ref> Go akanngwa gore dinoga di tlhagile go tswa mo ditshenekeging tse di epang kgotsa tse di nnang mo metsing, gongwe ka nako ya Jurassic, ka masaledi a ntlha a a itsiweng a a fa gare ga 143 le 167 &nbsp;Ma fetileng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Perkins |first=Sid |name-list-style=vanc |date=27 January 2015 |title=Fossils of oldest known snakes unearthed |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/fossils-oldest-known-snakes-unearthed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130043614/http://news.sciencemag.org/paleontology/2015/01/fossils-oldest-known-snakes-unearthed |archive-date=30 January 2015 |access-date=29 January 2015 |website=news.sciencemag.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Caldwell MW, Nydam RL, Palci A, Apesteguía S |date=January 2015 |title=The oldest known snakes from the Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous provide insights on snake evolution |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |volume=6 |bibcode=2015NatCo...6.5996C |doi=10.1038/ncomms6996 |hdl=11336/37995 |pmid=25625704 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free |article-number=5996}}</ref> Mefutafuta ya dinoga tsa segompieno e ne ya tlhagelela ka nako ya Paleocene ( c.&nbsp;66 go ya go 56&nbsp;Ma o o fetileng, morago ga tiragalo ya go nyelela ga dilo tsa Cretaceus–Paleogene ). Ditlhaloso tsa bogologolo thata tsa dinoga di ka fitlhelwa mo Papyrus ya Brooklyn . Bontsi jwa mefuta ya dinoga ga di na botlhole mme tse di nang le botlhole di bo dirisa thata go bolaya le go fenya diphologolo tse di bolailweng go na le go iphemela. Bangwe ba na le botlhole jo bo nonofileng thata jo bo ka gobatsang batho ka tsela e e botlhoko kgotsa jwa bolaya. Lefoko la seesemane snaca le tswa mo seesemaneng sa bagologolo snaca, ka bosone go tswa mo sejeremaneng sa potoro-sejeremane anak-an (bapisa le sejeremane Schnake 'noga ya mogala, noga ya bojang ya snok ya Se-Sweden), go tswa mo moding wa Seporoto-Indo-Yuropa {{Lang|ine-x-proto|*(s)nēg-o-}} 'Sanskrit nāgá 'noga'. <ref>Proto-IE: {{Lang|ine-x-proto|*(s)nēg-o-}}, Meaning: snake, Old Indian: nāgá- m. 'snake', Germanic: {{Lang|gem|*snēk-a-}} m., {{Lang|gem|*snak-an-}} m., {{Lang|gem|*snak-ō}} f.; {{Lang|gem|*snak-a-}} vb., Russ. meaning: {{Lang|ru|жаба}} ({{Lang|ru|змея}}), References: WP ({{Lang|de|[[Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch|Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen]]}}) II 697 f.</ref> .le gape le neng la naya sneak jaaka ' <ref>{{Cite web |title=snake (n.) |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/snake |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719112253/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=snake |archive-date=July 19, 2010 |access-date=September 22, 2009 |website=etymonline.com}}</ref> Se-Indo-Yuropa {{Lang|ine-x-proto|*serp-}} ‘go gagaba’, <ref name="serpent">{{Cite web |title=Definition of serpent |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/serpent |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017210917/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/serpent |archive-date=October 17, 2007 |access-date=12 October 2006 |website=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary}}</ref> {{Lang|grc|ἕρπω}} ( . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gamkrelidze |first=Thomas V. |date=2010 |title=Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2aqp2n2mKkC&pg=PA193 |last2=Ivanov |first2=Vjaceslav V. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-081503-0 |page=193}}</ref> go gagaba le sanskit sorpent Dinoga tsotlhe tsa segompieno di tlhophilwe mo teng ga setlhophapotlana sa serpentes mo thulaganyong ya Linnean, karolo ya squamata, le fa go bewa ga tsona ka nepo mo teng ga di squamates go sa ntse go ganetsanwa. Ditlhopha tse pedi tse di kwa tlase tsa Dinoga ke Alethinofidia le Skolekofidia . Kgaoganyo e e ikaegile ka diponagalo tsa popego le tatelano ya DNA ya mitochondrial . Alethinophidia ka dinako tse dingwe e kgaoganngwa go nna Henophidia le Caenophidia, mme ya bofelo e na le dinoga tsa "di-colubroid" ( di-colubride, dinoga, di-elapid, di-hydrophid, le di-atractaspid ) le di-acrochordid, fa malapa a mangwe a di-alethinophidia a na le di-Henophidia. <ref name="Pou92">{{Cite book |year=2002 |title=Herpetology: Third Edition |url=https://archive.org/details/herpetology0000unse_q9v1 |vauthors=Pough FH |publisher=Pearson [[Prentice Hall]] |isbn=978-0-13-100849-6 |orig-date=1992}}</ref> Le fa e seyo gompieno, Madtsoiidae, lelapa la dinoga tse dikgolo, tsa bogologolo, tse di tshwanang le di-python, di ne tsa tshela go fitlha dingwaga di le 50 000 tse di fetileng kwa Australia, di emetswe ke mefuta e e jaaka ''Wonambi'' . <ref name="Vasuki">{{Cite journal |last=Datta |first=Debajit |last2=Bajpai |first2=Sunil |date=2024-04-18 |title=Largest known madtsoiid snake from warm Eocene period of India suggests intercontinental Gondwana dispersal |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=8054 |bibcode=2024NatSR..14.8054D |doi=10.1038/s41598-024-58377-0 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=11549349 |pmid=38637509 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Dithuto tsa sešweng tsa dimolekhule di tshegetsa monofili ya di -clade tsa dinoga tsa segompieno, di-scolecophid, di-typhlopid + di-anomalepid, di-alethinophid, di-alethinofid tsa konokono, di-uropeltid ( ''Cylindrophis'', ''Anomochilus'', di-uropeltines), di-makrostomatane le di-booid, di-boid. <ref name="Lee">{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Michael S. Y. |last2=Hugall |first2=Andrew F. |last3=Lawson |first3=Robin |last4=Scanlon |first4=John D. |name-list-style=vanc |year=2007 |title=Phylogeny of snakes (Serpentes): combining morphological and molecular data in likelihood, Bayesian and parsimony analyses |journal=[[Systematics and Biodiversity]] |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=371–389 |bibcode=2007SyBio...5..371L |doi=10.1017/S1477200007002290 |hdl=2440/44258 |s2cid=85912034 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> === Malapa === {| class="wikitable" | colspan="100%" style="text-align:center; background:#bbf;" |Infraorder '''Alethinophidia''' 25 families |- ! style="background:#f0f0f0;" |Family<ref name="NRDB-Cs">{{Cite web |title=Search results for Higher taxa: snake |url=https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?taxon=snake&submit=Search |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=The Reptile Database |publisher=Hamburg Museum of Zoology}}</ref> ! style="background:#f0f0f0;" |Taxon author<ref name="NRDB-Cs" /> ! style="background:#f0f0f0;" |Genera<ref name="NRDB-Cs" /> ! style="background:#f0f0f0;" |Species<ref name="NRDB-Cs" /> ! style="background:#f0f0f0;" |Common name ! style="background:#f0f0f0;" |Geographic range |- |Acrochordidae |Bonaparte, 1831 | style="text-align:center;" |1 | style="text-align:center;" |3 |Wart snakes | style="width:40%" |Western India and Sri Lanka through tropical Southeast Asia to the Philippines, south through the Indonesian/Malaysian island group to Timor, east through New Guinea to the northern coast of Australia to Mussau Island, the Bismarck Archipelago and Guadalcanal Island in the Solomon Islands. |- |Aniliidae |Stejneger, 1907 | style="text-align:center;" |1 | style="text-align:center;" |1 |False coral snake |Tropical South America. |- |Anomochilidae |Cundall, Wallach, 1993 | style="text-align:center;" |1 | style="text-align:center;" |3 |Dwarf pipe snakes |West Malaysia and on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. |- |Atractaspididae |Günther, 1858 | style="text-align:center;" |12 | style="text-align:center;" |72 |Burrowing asps |Africa and the Middle East |- |Boidae |Gray, 1825 | style="text-align:center;" |14 | style="text-align:center;" |61 |Boas |Northern, Central and South America, the Caribbean, southeastern Europe and Asia Minor, Northern, Central and East Africa, Madagascar and Reunion Island, the Arabian Peninsula, Central and southwestern Asia, India and Sri Lanka, the Moluccas and New Guinea through to Melanesia and Samoa. |- |Bolyeriidae |Hoffstetter, 1946 | style="text-align:center;" |2 | style="text-align:center;" |2 |Splitjaw snakes |[[Mauritius]]. |- |Colubridae |Oppel, 1811 | style="text-align:center;" |258<ref name="NRDB-Cs" /> | style="text-align:center;" |2055<ref name="NRDB-Cs" /> |Typical snakes |Widespread on all continents, except Antarctica.<ref name="Spa04">{{Cite book |last=Spawls |first=S. |date=2004 |title=A Field Guide To The Reptiles Of East Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetorept0000unse_h2p5 |last2=Howell |first2=K. |last3=Drewes |first3=R. |last4=Ashe |first4=J. |publisher=A & C Black Publishers Ltd |isbn=0-7136-6817-2 |location=London}}</ref> |- |Cyclocoridae |[[Jeffrey L.Weinell|Weinell]] & [[Rafe M.Brown|Brown]], 2017 | style="text-align:center;" |5 | style="text-align:center;" |8 |Cyclocorids |The Philippines |- |Cylindrophiidae |Fitzinger, 1843 | style="text-align:center;" |1 | style="text-align:center;" |14 |Asian pipe snakes |Sri Lanka east through Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and the Malay Archipelago to as far east as Aru Islands off the southwestern coast of New Guinea. Also found in southern China (Fujian, Hong Kong and on Hainan Island) and in Laos. |- |Elapidae |Boie, 1827 | style="text-align:center;" |55 | style="text-align:center;" |389 |Elapids |On land, worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, except in Europe. Sea snakes occur in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. |- |Homalopsidae |Bonaparte, 1845 | style="text-align:center;" |28 | style="text-align:center;" |53 |Homalopsids |Southeastern Asia and northern Australia. |- |Lamprophiidae |Fitzinger, 1843 | style="text-align:center;" |16 | style="text-align:center;" |89 |Lamprophiids (formerly included Atracaspididae, Psammophiidae, and several other families) |Africa (including the Seychelles) |- |Loxocemidae |Cope, 1861 | style="text-align:center;" |1 | style="text-align:center;" |1 |Mexican burrowing snake |Along the Pacific versant from Mexico south to Costa Rica. |- |Micrelapidae |[[Sunandan Das|Das]] ''et al''., 2023 | style="text-align:center;" |1 | style="text-align:center;" |4 |Two-headed snakes |Eastern Africa and the Levant |- |Pareidae |Romer, 1956 | style="text-align:center;" |3 | style="text-align:center;" |20 |Snail-eating snakes |Southeast Asia and islands on the Sunda Shelf (Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and their surrounding smaller islands). |- |Prosymnidae |Kelly, Barker, Villet & Broadley, 2009 | style="text-align:center;" |1 | style="text-align:center;" |16 |Shovel-snout snakes |Subsaharan Africa |- |Psammodynastidae |Das ''et al''., 2024 | style="text-align:center;" |1 | style="text-align:center;" |2 |Mock vipers |Tropical Asia |- |Psammophiidae |[[Monique Bourgeois|Bourgeois]], 1968 | style="text-align:center;" |8 | style="text-align:center;" |55 |Psammophiids |Africa (including Madagascar), Asia and southern Europe |- |Pseudaspididae |Cope, 1893 | style="text-align:center;" |2 | style="text-align:center;" |2 |Pseudaspidids |Subsaharan Africa |- |Pseudoxyrhophiidae |[[Herndon G. Dowling|Dowling]], 1975 | style="text-align:center;" |22 | style="text-align:center;" |89 |Pseudoxyrhophiids |Mostly Madagascar and the Comoros; 5 species in subsaharan Africa, 1 in Socotra |- |Pythonidae |Fitzinger, 1826 | style="text-align:center;" |8 | style="text-align:center;" |40 |Pythons |Subsaharan Africa, India, Myanmar, southern China, Southeast Asia and from the Philippines southeast through Indonesia to New Guinea and Australia. |- |Tropidophiidae |Brongersma, 1951 | style="text-align:center;" |2 | style="text-align:center;" |34 |Dwarf boas |West Indies; also Panama and northwestern South America, as well as in northwestern and southeastern Brazil. |- |Uropeltidae |Müller, 1832 | style="text-align:center;" |8 | style="text-align:center;" |55 |Shield-tailed snakes |Southern India and Sri Lanka. |- |Viperidae |Oppel, 1811 | style="text-align:center;" |35 | style="text-align:center;" |341 |Vipers |The Americas, Africa, and Eurasia east to Wallace's Line. |- |Xenodermidae |Cope, 1900 | style="text-align:center;" |6 | style="text-align:center;" |18 |Dragon and odd-scaled snakes |East Asia, Southern and southeastern Asia, and islands on the Sunda Shelf (Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and their surrounding smaller islands). |- |Xenopeltidae |Bonaparte, 1845 | style="text-align:center;" |1 | style="text-align:center;" |2 |Sunbeam snakes |Southeast Asia from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, east through Myanmar to southern China, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, the Malay Peninsula and the East Indies to Sulawesi, as well as the Philippines. |- |Xenophidiidae |Wallach & Günther, 1998 | style="text-align:center;" |1 | style="text-align:center;" |2 |Spine-jawed snakes |Borneo and peninsular Malaysia. |} [[Karolo:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]] 53w1bzh1l46sqnqmk58cvg8xft0c7p2 0 12854 55220 48130 2026-09-22T03:41:33Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55220 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tumelo''' ke tumelo nngwe le nngwe kgotsa tiro e e tsewang ke batho ba ba sa direng e le e e sa utlwaleng kgotsa e e fetang ya tlholego. Gantsi e dirisiwa mo ditumelong le mo ditlwaelong tse di amanang le lesego, tlholelo,bosalemone, dipheko,tepo dinaledi, go bolelela isagwe,mewa, le dilo dingwe tse di sa tlwaelegang, segolobogolo tumelo ya gore ditiragalo tsa mo isagweng di ka bolelelwa pele ke ditiragalo tse di rileng tse di sa amaneng le nako e e fetileng.<ref name="vyse21">{{Cite book |last=Vyse |first=Stuart A. |author-link=Stuart Vyse |year=2000 |title=Believing in Magic: The Psychology of Superstition |url=https://archive.org/details/believinginmagic0000vyse |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-1951-3634-0 |location=Oxford, England |pages=[https://archive.org/details/believinginmagic0000vyse/page/19 19]–22}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Chardonnens |first=L. S. |year=2007 |title=Chapter Four. Superstition and prognostication |url=https://brill.com/view/book/9789047420422/Bej.9789004158290.i-608_006.xml |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-474-2042-2 |language=en |access-date=28 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118173448/https://brill.com/view/book/9789047420422/Bej.9789004158290.i-608_006.xml |archive-date=18 January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Lefoko ''tumelo botlhodi'' gape le dirisiwa go kaya bodumedi jo bo sa dirweng ke bontsi jwa setšhaba se se rileng go sa kgatha lesega gore a bodumedi jo bo leng teng bo na le tumelo boto e go tweng ke yone kgotsa modumedi otlhe a a dirwang ke batho ba ba kgatlhanong le bodumedi.<ref name="vyse21">{{Cite book |last=Vyse |first=Stuart A. |author-link=Stuart Vyse |year=2000 |title=Believing in Magic: The Psychology of Superstition |url=https://archive.org/details/believinginmagic0000vyse |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-1951-3634-0 |location=Oxford, England |pages=[https://archive.org/details/believinginmagic0000vyse/page/19 19]–22}}</ref> Ditlhaloso tsa lefoko leno di a farologana, mme tumelo botlhodi gantsi e tlhalosiwa jaaka ditumelo tse di sa utlwaleng tse di sa dumalaneng le kitso ya saense ya lefatshe. Stuart Vyse o akantsha gore "tsela e go akanngwang gore e dira ka yone ga e dumalane le tsela e re tlhaloganyang lefatshe la mmatota", mme Jane Risen o oketsa ka gore ditumelo tseno ga se tse di phoso fela go ya ka saense mme ga di kgonege.<ref name="VS">{{Cite book |last=Vyse |first=Stuart |year=2020 |title=Superstition: A Very Short Introduction |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0198819257}}</ref><ref name="Risen">{{Cite journal |last=Risen |first=Jane L. |year=2016 |title=Believing what we do not believe: Acquiescence to superstitious beliefs and other powerful intuitions. |journal=Psychological Review |volume=123 |issue=2 |pages=182–207 |doi=10.1037/rev0000017 |pmid=26479707 |s2cid=14384232}}</ref> Ka tsela e e tshwanang, Lysann Damisch o tlhalosa tumelo botlhodi jaaka "ditumelo tse di sa utlwaleng tsa gore selo, tiro, kgotsa seemo se se sa amaneng ka tsela e e utlwalang le tsela ya ditiragalo se se amang phelelo ya sone"Dale Martin a re tumelo boto "e akanya gore go na le tlhaloganyo e e phoso ka ga se se se se bakang le se se se dirang le se se dirang, se se nang motheo", mme Cambridge Dictionary e tlhalosa e le gore ga e re "kgopolo e e e se na motheo wa saense". Kgopolo eno ya ditlwaelo tsa tumelo botlhodi ga e amane ka gope le diphelelo. Ditlwaelo tsa bodumedi tse di farologanang le ditumelo tse di amogelwang ka tlwaelo mo setsong se se rileng ka dinako tse dingwe di bidiwa tumelo botlhodi; ka tsela e e tshwanang, ditlwaelo tse disha tse di tlisitsweng mo setšhabeng sa bodumedi se se tlhomilweng le tsone di ka tsewa jaaka tumelo boto ka maiteko a go di kgaphela kwa thoko. Gape, go bontsha boineelo jo bo feteletseng gantsi go ile ga tshwaiwa jaaka boitshwaro jwa tumelo botlhodi. [o tlhoka nopolo go tlhomamisa)    Go tlhaola sengwe jaaka ''tumelo botlhodi'' ka kakaretso go bontsha pono e e nyatsang. Dilo tse di umakiwang jaaka tse di ntseng jalo ka puo e e tlwaelegileng gantsi di umakiwa jaaka tumelo ya setso mo ditlhamane tsa setso. Le fa go bopiwa ga lefoko la Selatina go phepafatsa, go tswa mo lediring super-stare, "go ema, go ema; ''go falola''", bokao jwa lone jwa ntlha ga bo phepafale. E ka tlhalosiwa jaaka 'go ema mo godimo ga selo ka go gakgamala kgotsa ka poifo", mme go ile ga akantshiwa dilo tse dingwe tse di ka diregang, sekao go ikutlwa o feteletse dilo, ke gore, go nna kelotlhoko thata kgotsa go dira meletlo thata mo go direng meetlo ya bodumedi, kgotsa go sa ntse go na le mekgwa ya bodumedi ya bogologolo, e e sa utlwaleng. == MOTSWEDI == k6ny0djrbdm04xyoalbioemunjrp493 0 12874 55186 48274 2026-09-21T17:07:02Z IntergratedLearning 12501 ke tsentse dipolelwana tse dingwe 55186 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Municipal_Market_of_São_Paulo_city.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa maungo a a farologaneng.]] '''Maungo''' ke dijo tsa tlhago tse di tswang mo ditlhareng le mo dimeleng. Ke mmele wa tsalo o gantsi o jewang wa sejalo sa peo. Di nale le mebala e e farologaneng , menko e e monate , le tatso e e nnang monate kgotsa botlha jo bonnye .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frey |first=Erzsebet |date=2024-08-17 |title=White Flamingos: All You Need to Know (Pictures &amp;amp; Facts) |url=https://doi.org/10.59350/y524g-7tq26 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=doi.org}}</ref>Go nale le mefuta e mentsi ya maungo jaaka diapole , dipanana , dinamune , dinamune le tse dingwe . Go le gontsi maungo a jewa mme tse dingwe di dirisiwa go dira matute kgotsa dijo tse dingwe . Maungo a botlhokwa mo matshelong a rona , a netefatsa gore re itekanetse nako yotlhe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supplemental Information 2: Pictures of oysters’ larvae aggregating on the different types of substrates. |url=https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14549/supp-2 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Maungo a botlhokwa ka gonne a nale divithamine , diminerale le fiber tse di thusang mmele go gola sentle le go nna le botsogo jo bo siameng . Di nonotsha masole a mmele gore a kgone go lwantsha malwetse ka go farologana . Di thusa gape mo tshilong ya dijo mme disereletsa pelo le letlalo . Gape maungo a na le metsi a mantsi a a thusang go nosetsa mmele le go o naya maatla a tlhago . Ka jalo , go ja maungo ka metlha go thusa batho go tshela botshelo jo bo itekanetseng le jo bo maatla .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Slavin |first=Joanne L. |last2=Lloyd |first2=Beate |date=2012-07 |title=Health Benefits of Fruits and Vegetables |url=https://doi.org/10.3945/an.112.002154 |journal=Advances in Nutrition |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=506–516 |doi=10.3945/an.112.002154 |issn=2161-8313}}</ref> Maungo a thusa mo ikonoming ka ditsela tse dintsi . Go tlisa madi mo bathong ka balemi le barekisi ba ba rekang le go rekisa maungo , go tsweletsa kgwebo ya ditlhare le dijo . Go oketsa tlhagiso ya maungo go thusa dinaga go nna le sekgoba sa go rekisa teng kwa ntle [[(exports]]) , mme gape go tlhama masebetsi mo metseng le mo ditlhokong tsa motse . Ka kakaretso maungo a tsweletsa botshelo jo bo itekanetseng ka go tsenya letseno mo bathong , go oketsa dijo tse di siameng le go nonotsha kgwebo ya lefatshe ka bophara .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carmignani |first=Fabrizio |date=2014-01-16 |title=Growth spurt hopes for global economy, but challenges remain |url=https://doi.org/10.64628/aa.n7nvg67uy |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=doi.org}}</ref> == Tshupetso == <references /> h1g7q3wopmgxyi3tk9ip362ggid9dm9 0 13296 55211 50159 2026-09-22T03:37:01Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55211 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Breastfeeding_infant.jpg|thumb| Lesea le le anyisang]] '''Go amusa ka lebele''', mo go itsegeng gape jaaka '''go amusa''', ke go fepa kgotsa go neela masea le [[Ngwana|bana]] ba bannye [[Mashi a lebele|mashi]] a a tswang mo lebeleng la mosadi.<ref name="NIH2013">{{Cite web|title=Breastfeeding and Breast Milk: Condition Information|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=19 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727155223/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=27 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baitseanape ba boitekanelo ba rotloetsa gore go amusa go simolole mo lobakeng lwa ura ya ntlha ya botshelo jwa lesea mme go tswelele gantsi le ka selekanyo se lesea le batlang ka sone.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs342/en/|title=Infant and young child feeding Fact sheet N°342|publisher=WHO|date=February 2014|access-date=8 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208145357/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs342/en/|archive-date=8 February 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="AAP2012">{{Cite journal|last=American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding.|title=Breastfeeding and the use of human milk|journal=Pediatrics|volume=129|issue=3|pages=e827–41|date=March 2012|pmid=22371471|doi=10.1542/peds.2011-3552|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.long|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805091230/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.long|url-status=live|archive-date=5 August 2015}}</ref> Mo anya diura dingwe le dingwe di le pedi go ya go di le tharo, mme nako ya go amusa gantsi ke metsotso e le lesome go ya go e le lesome le botlhano mo lebeleng lengwe le lengwe.<ref name="NIH2014How">{{Cite web|title=How do I breastfeed? Skip sharing on social media links|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/how-is-it-done.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=14 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727155211/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/how-is-it-done.aspx|archive-date=27 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Bana ba bagolwane ba amusiwa gantsi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is weaning and how do I do it?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/weaning.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=19 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708102841/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/weaning.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Bomme ba ka nna ba gama mashi gore a kgone go dirisiwa moragonyana fa go amusa go sa kgonege.<ref name="NIH2013" /> Go amusa go na le melemo e le mmalwa mo go mmè le mo leseeng, e mashi a masea a se nang yone.<ref name="AAP2012" /><ref name="IP2009">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, Trikalinos TA, Lau J|title=A summary of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's evidence report on breastfeeding in developed countries|journal=Breastfeeding Medicine|volume=4 Suppl 1|pages=S17–30|date=October 2009|pmid=19827919|doi=10.1089/bfm.2009.0050}}</ref> Dintsho tsa bana ba ba akanyediwang go nna 820 000 ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le tlhano di ne di ka thibelwa lefatshe ka bophara ngwaga le ngwaga ka go oketsa go amusa.<ref name="Lancet2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJ, França GV, Horton S, Krasevec J, Murch S, Sankar MJ, Walker N, Rollins NC|title=Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10017|pages=475–90|date=January 2016|pmid=26869575|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01024-7}}</ref> Go anyisa go fokotsa kotsi ya megare ya ya mosele wa go hema le letshololo mo leseeng, mo mafatsheng a tlhabologang le a tlhabologileng.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="AAP2012" /> Mesola e mengwe e akaretsa go fokotsa dikotsi tsa [[Phupelo]], dialeji tsa dijo, le bolwetse jwa sukiri jwa mofuta wa 1ntlha.<ref name="AAP2012" /> Go amusa gape go ka tokafatsa kgolo ya tlhaloganyo le go fokotsa kotsi ya go nona fa motho a godile.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Bomme ba ka nna ba utlwa kgatelelo ya go amusa, mme mo mafatsheng a tlhabologileng bana ka kakaretso ba gola ka tlwaelo fa ba amusiwang ka lebotlolo ka mashi a bopi.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession|url=https://archive.org/details/breastfeedinggui0000lawr_q5q9|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|date=1 January 2011|isbn=978-1-4377-0788-5|first=Ruth A.|last=Lawrence|first2=Robert Michael|last2=Lawrence|pages=[https://archive.org/details/breastfeedinggui0000lawr_q5q9/page/227 227]–228}}</ref> Mesola e mme e akaretsa go latlhegelwa ke madi a mannye morago ga pelegi, go ngotlega ga popelo botoka, le go fokotsega ga kgatelelo ya maikutlo morago ga pelegi.<ref name="AAP2012" /> Go amusa go dia go boela ga setswalo le go kgona go tshola, selo se se bidiwang amenorrhea ya go amusa.<ref name="AAP2012" /> Mesola ya e ka tsayang lebaka le telele mo go mme e akaretsa go fokotsega ga kotsi ya kankere ya mabele, bolwetse jwa pelo le methapo, le ramatiki.<ref name="AAP2012" /><ref name="Lancet2016" /> Go amusa gape ga go ture thata go na le mashi a masea.<ref name="APP1997">{{Cite journal|title=Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. American Academy of Pediatrics. Work Group on Breastfeeding|journal=Pediatrics|volume=100|issue=6|pages=1035–9|date=December 1997|pmid=9411381|doi=10.1542/peds.100.6.1035|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/100/6/1035.full.pdf+html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023001839/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/100/6/1035.full.pdf+html|url-status=live|archive-date=23 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What are the benefits of breastfeeding?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/benefits.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=14 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810214206/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/benefits.aspx|archive-date=10 August 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Mekgatlho ya boitekanelo, go akaretsa le [[World Health Organisation|Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Boitekanelo]] (WHO), e rotloetsa gore ngwana a amuse fela dikgwedi di le thataro.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="AAP2012" /><ref name="Kr2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kramer MS, Kakuma R|title=Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=8|issue=8|pages=CD003517|date=August 2012|pmid=22895934|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003517.pub2|pmc=7154583}}</ref> Seno se raya gore ga go na dijo tse dingwe kgotsa dino, kwantle ga gongwe bithamini D, tse di newang ka tlwaelo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What are the recommendations for breastfeeding?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/recommendations.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=14 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814050651/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/recommendations.aspx|archive-date=14 August 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Morago ga go tsenngwa ga dijo fa a le dikgwedi di le thataro, dikgakololo di akaretsa go tswelela ka go amusa go fitlha a nna le ngwaga o le mongwe go ya go tse pedi kgotsa go feta.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="AAP2012" /> Lefatshe ka bophara, selekanyo sa 38% ya masea a amusiwa fela mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse thataro tsa botshelo jwa one.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Kwa United States ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi,lesome le botlhano (2015), 83% ya basadi ba simolola go amusa, fela ka dikgwedi tse thataro fela 58% e e neng e santse e amusa ka 25% e e amusa fela.<ref name="CDC2018Rate">{{Cite web|title=Results: Breastfeeding Rates|url=https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/results.html|website=CDC|access-date=9 December 2018|language=en-us|date=1 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207150158/https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/results.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Maemo a kalafi a a sa letleng go amusa ga a bonwe thata.<ref name="AAP2012" /> Bomme ba ba nwang diritibatsi dingwe tsa boitlosobodutu le melemo ga ba a tshwanela go amusa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aap.org/en-us/Pages/Breastfeeding-and-Medication.aspx|title=Breastfeeding and Medication|website=AAP.org|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-12|archive-date=2019-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802213426/https://www.aap.org/en-us/Pages/Breastfeeding-and-Medication.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="nichd.nih.gov">{{Cite web|title=Are there any special conditions or situations in which I should not breastfeed?|website=[[Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development|NICHD]]|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/when-not-breastfeed.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=19 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708102847/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/when-not-breastfeed.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Go goga motsoko le go nwa bojalwa jo bo lekanyeditsweng le/kgotsa kofi ga se mabaka a go tila go amusa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-alcohol.aspx#close|title=Breastfeeding and alcohol|date=2017-12-21|website=NHS Choices|publisher=NHS|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801110239/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-alcohol.aspx#close|archive-date=1 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-diet.aspx|title=Breastfeeding and diet|date=2018-03-26|website=NHS Choices|publisher=NHS|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807233307/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-diet.aspx|archive-date=7 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/tobacco.htm|title=Tobacco Use &#124; Breastfeeding &#124; CDC|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=4 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809151407/http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/tobacco.htm|archive-date=9 August 2016|df=dmy-all|date=2018-03-21}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 8jdgbpuar6jewqj2w4ujsdcfbo5k1gq 0 13372 55218 54171 2026-09-22T03:40:10Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Lung cancer|synonym=Lung carcinoma|image=LungCACXR.PNG|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=A [[chest X-ray]] showing a tumor in the lung (marked by arrow)|pronounce=|specialty=[[Oncology]]<ref name=WHO2021.1.inttro/>|symptoms=Coughing (including [[Hemoptysis|coughing up blood]]), weight loss, shortness of breath, [[chest pain]]s<ref name="Harrison"/>|complications=|onset=~70 years<ref name="SEER"/>|duration=|types=*[[Small-cell carcinoma|Small-cell lung carcinoma]] (SCLC) *[[Non-small-cell lung carcinoma]] (NSCLC)<ref name=NCI2016Pt/>|causes=|risks={{hlist|[[Tobacco smoking]]|[[genetics|genetic factors]]|[[radon]] gas|[[asbestos]]|[[air pollution]]<ref name=Kumar2020/>}}|diagnosis=[[Medical imaging]], [[tissue biopsy]]<ref name=Kumar2020/>|differential=|prevention=|treatment=[[Surgery]], [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy|radiotherapy]]<ref name=Kumar2020/>|medication=|prognosis=[[Five-year survival rate]]: 10 to 20% (most countries), 33% (Japan), 27% (Israel), 25% (Republic of Korea)<ref name="Sung2021"/>|frequency=2.2&nbsp;million new cases in 2020<ref name="Glob2020"/>|deaths=1.8&nbsp;million (2020)<ref name="Sung2021"/>|named after=}} '''Kankere ya makgwafo''', e gape e bidiwang '''kankere ya makgwafo''', ke tlhagala ya makgwafo e e nang le kankere e e tlhaolwang ke go gola ga disele mo go sa laolegeng mo ditogweng tsa makgwafo . Kgolo e e ka anama go feta makgwafo ka thulaganyo ya go anama mo dithishung tse di gaufi kgotsa mo dikarolong tse dingwe tsa mmele.<ref>{{Cite book|vauthors=Falk S, Williams C|title=Lung Cancer—the facts|edition=3rd|chapter=Chapter 1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk/page/3 3–4]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-19-956933-5|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk|url=https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk/page/3}}</ref> Bontsi jwa dikankere tse di simololang mo makgwafong, tse di bidiwang dikankere tsa makgwafo tsa motheo, ke dikankere.<ref name="WCR2014Chp5.1">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-832-0429-9|pages=Chapter 5.1}}</ref> Mefuta e mebedi e megolo ke kankere ya makgwafo ya disele tse dinnye (SCLC) le kankere ya makgwafo e e seng ya disele tse dinnye (NSCLC). Dikai tse ditlwaelegileng thata ke go gotlhola ( go akaretsa le go gotlhola madi ), go fokotsa bokete jwa mmele, go tlhaela mowa, le ditlhabi mo sehubeng.<ref name="Harrison">{{Cite book|vauthors=Horn L, Lovly CM|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781259834806_1|publisher=McGraw-Hill|veditors=Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J|year=2018|chapter=Chapter 74: Neoplasms of the lung|edition=20th|isbn=978-1259644030}}</ref> Bontsi (>80%) jwa dikgetse tsa kankere ya makgwafo di bakwa ke go goga motsoko lobaka lo loleele . Lefatshe ka bophara, kankere ya makgwafo mo bathong ba ba iseng ba ko ba goge e a oketsega. Dikgetse tse gantsi di bakwa ke kopano ya mabaka a lotsalo le go tlhagelela mo gaseng ya radon, asebesetose, mosi wa batho ba bangwe, kgotsa mefuta e mengwe ya kgotlhelo ya mowa.<ref name="Kumar2020">{{Cite book|last=White|first=Veronica|last2=Ruperelia|first2=Prina|editor-last=Feather|editor-first=Adam|editor-last2=Randall|editor-first2=David|editor-last3=Waterhouse|editor-first3=Mona|title=Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7870-5|pages=975-982|edition=10th|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl3sDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA975|language=en|chapter=28.Respiratory disease|access-date=19 January 2022|archive-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119144202/https://books.google.com/books?id=sl3sDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA975|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="MurrayNadel52">{{Cite book|vauthors=Alberg AJ, Brock MV, Samet JM|title=Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0001unse|publisher=Saunders Elsevier|year=2016|chapter=Chapter 52: Epidemiology of lung cancer|edition=6th|isbn=978-1-4557-3383-5}}</ref> Kankere ya makgwafo e ka bonwa mo di-radiograph tsa mafatlha le mo ditshwantshong tsa tomography (CT).<ref name="Kumar2020" /> Temogo e netefadiwa ka biopsy e gantsi e dirwang ke bronchoscopy kgotsa CT-kaelo.<ref name="Holland-Frei78">{{Cite book|vauthors=Lu C, Onn A, Vaporciyan AA, etal|title=Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/hollandfreicance0000unse|edition=8th|chapter=Chapter 78: Cancer of the Lung|publisher=People's Medical Publishing House|year=2010|isbn=978-1-60795-014-1}}</ref> Go tila dilo tse di ka nnang kotsi, go akaretsa le go goga motsoko le kgotlelo ya mowa, ke mokgwa o motona wa go thibela bolwetse jono. Kalafi le ditlamorago tsa nako e telele di ikaegile ka mofuta wa kankere, kgato (selekanyo sa go anama ga yone), le botsogo jwa motho ka kakaretso. Bontsi jwa dikgetsi ga di alafege. Dikalafi tse di tlwaelegileng di akaretsa loaro, kalafi ya dikhemikhale, le kalafi ya marang.<ref name="Kumar2020" /> Ka dinako tse dingwe NSCLC e alafiwa ka go ariwa, fa SCLC yone gantsi e tsibogela botoka kalafi ya dikhemikale le kalafi ya marang.<ref>{{Cite book|vauthors=Chapman S, Robinson G, Stradling J, West S, Wrightson J|title=Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse_f2c2|edition=3rd|chapter=Chapter 31|page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse_f2c2/page/284 284]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-870386-0}}</ref> Lefatshe ka bophara ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020,) kankere ya makgwafo e ne ya tlhagelela ka 2.2.&nbsp;batho ba le dimilione mme ya felela ka 1.8&nbsp;dintsho di le dimilione di le 10.<ref name="Sung2021" /> Se se dira gore e nne selo se se tlwaelegileng thata se se bakang dintsho tse di amanang le kankere mo banneng mme e nne selo sa bobedi se se tlwaelegileng thata mo basading morago ga kankere ya mabele . Le fa go na le phokotsego ka kakaretso ya dikelo, seelo sa batho ba ba iseng ba ko ba goge se farologana magareng ga merafe, fela ka kakaretso se ntse se oketsega, ka 15–20% ya banna ba sa goge mme go feta 50% ya basadi ba sa goge. Dingwaga tse di tlwaelegileng thata fa bolwetse bo lemogiwa ke dingwaga di le masome a supa (70). Mo mafatsheng le mantsi seelo sa go falola sa dingwaga di le tlhano se ka nna lesome (10) go ya go 20%,<ref name="Sung2021" /> fa kwa Japane e le 33%, kwa Iseraele e le 27%, mme kwa Repaboliking ya Korea e le 25%.<ref name="Sung2021" /> Ditlamorago ka palogare di maswe thata mo mafatsheng a tlhabologang.<ref name="Maj2009">{{Cite book|last=Majumder|first=Sadhan|title=Stem cells and cancer|year=2009|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-89611-3|page=193|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HaErOupWnO0C&pg=PA193|edition=Online-Ausg.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018040051/https://books.google.com/books?id=HaErOupWnO0C&pg=PA193|archive-date=18 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Setlhogo sa ntlha sa tshekatsheko se se neng se bua ka kankere ya makgwafo, se se neng se gatisitswe ka ngwaga wa 1912 ke Isaac Adler, se ne sa akantsha gore e ne e sa lemogiwe sentle.<ref name="Kloeck2021.1">{{Cite book|last=Kloecker|first=Goetz|editor-last=Kloecker|editor-first=Goetz|editor-last2=Fraig|editor-first2=Mostafa|editor-last3=Arnold|editor-first3=Susanne M.|editor-last4=Perez|editor-first4=Cesar A.|title=Lung Cancer: Standards of Care|date=7 December 2021|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|location=New York|isbn=978-1-260-13620-3|pages=3-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugJTzQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|language=en|chapter=1. History of lung cancer|access-date=27 January 2022|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128162659/https://books.google.com/books?id=ugJTzQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{-}}{{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 9id5fy0vza1rre89a265k054j20uxb0 0 13652 55216 54167 2026-09-22T03:39:01Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Petina Gappah''' (yo o tshotsweng ka 1971) ke mmueledi le mokwadi wa kwa Zimbabwe. O kwala ka Seesemane, le fa gape a dirisa [[Seshona]], puo ya gagwe ya ntlha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/an-elegy-for-easterly-by-petina-gappah-1693757.html|title=An Elegy for Easterly, by Petina Gappah – Reviews, Books|location=London|first=Susan|last=Williams}}</ref> Ka 2016, o ne a bidiwa Motho wa Dikwalo wa Aforika wa Ngwaga ke ''[[Brittle Paper]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Edoro|first=Ainehi|title=The 2016 Brittle Paper African Literary Person of the Year Is Petina Gappah|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2016/12/2016-brittle-paper-african-literary-person-year/}}</ref> Ka 2017 o ne a nna le thuso ya madi a [[go nna Motaki yo o Nnang mo Lefelong la DAAD]] kwa [[Berlin]]. == Ka ga gagwe == === Dingwaga tsa pele === Petina Gappah o tsholetswe kwa [[Zambia]], kwa [[Kgaolong ya Copperbelt]]. O rile: "Rre, jaaka badiri ba le bantsi ba bantsho ba ba nang le bokgoni ba ba neng ba sa kgone go bona ditiro kwa Rhodesia e e neng e kgaogantswe, o ne a batla khumo ya gagwe go sele. Ene le mme ba ne ba fudugela kwa [[Kitwe]], toropo e e mo lebanteng la kopore le le neng le gola la Zambia." O goletse kwa [[Zimbabwe]], kwa batsadi ba gagwe ba neng ba boela teng fa a le dikgwedi di robabongwe. Morago ga Boipuso jwa lefatshe, lelapa la gagwe le ne la fudugela kwa lefelong le pele e neng e le la basweu mo lefelong le jaanong le bidiwang [[Harare]], mme e ne e le mongwe wa baithuti ba ntlha ba bantsho kwa sekolong se se potlana se pele se neng se beetswe bana ba basweu fela.<ref name="Moss">Stephen Moss, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/dec/04/guardian-first-book-petina-gappah "Petina Gappah: 'I don't see myself as an African writer{{'"}}], ''The Guardian'', 4 December 2009.</ref> O simolotse go kwala a le dingwaga di ka nna lesome kgotsa lesome le motso mme kgang ya gagwe ya ntlha e e gatisitsweng e ne e le mo lokwalong lwa [[Sekolo se Segolwane sa St. Dominic]] fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le bone. === Thuto le tiro === O na le dikirii ya molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]], mme ka 1995 o ne a ya kwa Austria go ya go dira dikirii ya bongaka mo molaong wa boditšhabatšhaba wa kgwebisano kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Graz]], e e kopantsweng le dikirii ya masters kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cambridge]], mme fa e sa le ka 1998 o ne a nna kwa [[Geneva]], kwa Switzerland, a dira jaaka mmueledi wa molao wa boditšhabatšhaba.<ref name="Moss">Stephen Moss, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/dec/04/guardian-first-book-petina-gappah "Petina Gappah: 'I don't see myself as an African writer{{'"}}], ''The Guardian'', 4 December 2009.</ref> Gappah o boletse jaana mo potsolotsong ya 2009: "Ke simolotse go kwala ka tlhoafalo ka Motsheganong 2006. Ke ne ka tsenelela Zoetrope Virtual Studio, kgang e ke neng ke e kwadile koo e ne ya gapa leitlho la morulaganyi mongwe kwa lekwalodikgannyeng la maranyane la Per Contra, ke ne ka tsenelela dikgang dingwe mo dikgaisanong, ke ne ka dira sentle mo kgaisanong e le nngwe, mme fa ke ne ke batla mogatisi mo boemong jwa me." Buka ya gagwe ya ntlha, ''An Elegy for Easterly'', e leng kokoanyo ya dikgankhutshwe, e ne ya gatisiwa ka 2009, mme morago ga moo o ne a gatisa dipadi tse pedi: ''The Book of Memory'' ka 2015 le ''Rotten Row'' ka 2016. Fa e sa le ka 2017, e ntse e le [[fellow ya DAAD le Mokwadi wa Bonno]] kwa Berlin. Ka Seetebosigo 2017, o ne a neela Thuto ya Ngwaga le Ngwaga ya ''[[Journal of Southern African Studies]]'', e e nang le setlhogo se se reng "Looking for Dr Livingstone's African Companions", kwa [[Sekolong sa Dithuto tsa Maemo a a Kwa Godimo]], [[kwa Yunibesithing ya London]] . == Go kwala == == Dikwalo == * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2009 |title=An Elegy for Easterly |url=https://archive.org/details/elegyforeasterly0000gapp_y7w4 |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2015 |title=The Book of Memory |url=https://archive.org/details/bookofmemory0000gapp_v7p4 |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2016 |title=Rotten Row |url=https://archive.org/details/rottenrow0000gapp |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2019 |title=[[Out of Darkness, Shining Light]] |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} == Metswedi == 90261ux5na4caok64hv1td2p1cy3811 0 14342 55212 54130 2026-09-22T03:37:13Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Meningitis|synonym=|image=Meninges-en.svg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Meninges of the [[central nervous system]]: [[dura mater]], [[arachnoid mater]], and [[pia mater]].|pronounce=|specialty=[[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]], [[neurology]]|symptoms=[[Fever]], [[headache]], [[neck stiffness]]<ref name=CDC2014B/>|complications=[[Deafness]], [[epilepsy]], [[hydrocephalus]], [[cognitive deficit]]s<ref name=Lancet/><ref name=NEJM/>|onset=|duration=|types=|causes=Viral, bacterial, other<ref name=Ginsberg/>|risks=|diagnosis=[[Lumbar puncture]]<ref name=CDC2014B/>|differential=[[Encephalitis]], [[brain tumor]], [[lupus]], [[Lyme disease]], [[seizures]], [[neuroleptic malignant syndrome]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-323-07699-9|page=Chapter M|edition=2nd}}</ref> [[naegleriasis]]<ref name="MMWR2008">{{cite journal | title = Primary amebic meningoencephalitis – Arizona, Florida, and Texas, 2007 | journal = MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | volume = 57 | issue = 21 | pages = 573–27 | date = May 2008 | pmid = 18509301 | url = https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5721a1.htm | author1 = Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) | access-date = 26 July 2020 | archive-date = 2 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200402060714/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5721a1.htm | url-status = live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402060714/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5721a1.htm |date=2 April 2020 }}</ref>|prevention=[[Vaccination]]<ref name=Lancet/>|treatment=|medication=[[Antibiotic|Antibiotics]], [[antivirals]], [[steroids]]<ref name=CDC2014B/><ref name=CDC2016Vir/><ref name=IDSA/>|prognosis=|frequency=8.7 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre/>|deaths=379,000 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De/>|named after=}} '''Meningitis''' ka kakaretso ke go ruruga mo go tseneletseng ga dimela tse di apesang boboko le lerapo la mokwatla, tse di itsegeng di bidiwameninges.<ref name="Lancet">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Sáez-Llorens X, McCracken GH|title=Bacterial meningitis in children|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_2003-06-21_361_9375/page/2139|journal=Lancet|volume=361|issue=9375|pages=2139–48|date=June 2003|pmid=12826449|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13693-8}}</ref> Dikai tsedi tlwaelesegileng thata ke letshoroma, go opiwa ke tlhogo, le go gagamala ga molala.<ref name="CDC2014B" /> Dikai tse dingwe di akaretsa go tsietsega kgotsa go sa tshwara sentle, go kgwa, le go sa kgona go nna mo lesedingkgotsa medumo e e kwa godimo.<ref name="CDC2014B" /> Bana ba bannye Gantsi ba supa fela dikai tsedi sa itlhaloseng, jaaka go sa tseega sentle mo mmeleng, go otsela kgotsa go sa a ja sentle. Fa go na le morokologo, go ka supa gore go nale sengwe se se bakang meningitis; sekai, meningitis e e bakiwang ke dibakateria tsa meningococcal e ka patiwa ke sekai sa morokologo.<ref name="Lancet" /><ref name="NEJM">{{Cite journal|vauthors=van de Beek D, de Gans J, Tunkel AR, Wijdicks EF|title=Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2006-01-05_354_1/page/44|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=354|issue=1|pages=44–53|date=January 2006|pmid=16394301|doi=10.1056/NEJMra052116}}</ref> Boruruga jo bo ka nna jwa bakwa ke go tsenwa ke megare, dibakateria, kgotsa ditshedinyana tse dingwe, mme gose kalo ke melemo mengwe . Meningitis e ka nna kotsi mo botshelong ka ntlha ya go bo boruruga jo e le gaufi le boboko le lerapo la mokwatla; ka jalo, seemo se se kaiwa ele satshoganyetso..<ref name="Lancet" /> Go phunya mo lethekeng, mo go tsenngwang lemao mo moseleng wa lerapo la mokwatla go tsaya sampole ya seeledi sa boboko jwa lerapo la mokwatla (CSF), go ka tlhatlhoba kgotsa ga kgaphela meningitis kwa thoko.<ref name="IDSA" /> Mefuta e mengwe ya bolwetse jwa meningitis e ka thibelwa ka go tiriso ya mokento ya meningococcal, mumps, pneumococcal, le ya mekento ya Hib.<ref name="Lancet" /> Go neela batho dibolayamegare ba ba nang le mefuta e e rileng ya meningitis le gone go ka nna mosola. Kalafi ya ntlha ya meningitis e e tseneletseng e akaretsa go neela dibolayamegare mme ka dinako tse dingwe melemo e e lwantshang megare.<ref name="CDC2014B" /> Corticosteroid eka dirisiwa gape go thibela mathata a a bakiwang ke borurugo feteletseng.<ref name="NEJM" /> Meningitis e kgona go baka ditlamorago tse di tlhwaafetseng tsedi tsayang lebaka lele telele jaaka go sa utlwa sentle, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, kgotsa cognitive deficits, segolobogolo fa go sa alafiwe ka bonako.<ref name="Lancet" /><ref name="NEJM" /> Ka 2015, meningitis e ne ya tlhagelela mo bathong ba ka nna didikadike di le 8,7 lefatshe ka bophara.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|last=GBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators}}</ref> Seno se ne sa felela ka dintsho di le 379 000—palo e e kwa tlase go tswa go dintsho di le 464 000 ka 1990.<ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|date=October 2016|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|last=GBD 2015 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators}}</ref> Ka kalafi e e maleba borai jwa loso mo megareng ya meningitis e kwa tlase ga 15%. Go runya ga megare ya meningitis go diragala magareng ga Sedimonthole le Seetebosigo ngwaga le ngwaga mo borwa jwa Aferika wa Sahara e e bidiwang lebanta la meningitis.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Go ka runya mo go nnye mo mafelong a mangwe a lefatshe. Lefoko meningitis le tswa mo go la Segerika μῆνιγξ ''meninx'', "letha", le medical suffix''-itis'', "boruruga".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mosby's pocket dictionary of medicine, nursing & health professions|date=2010|publisher=Mosby/Elsevier|location=St. Louis|isbn=978-0-323-06604-4|page=traumatic meningitis|edition=6th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_QGaoiFCIDMC&pg=PT4755|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910145715/https://books.google.com/books?id=_QGaoiFCIDMC&pg=PT4755|archive-date=10 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmh%3Dnigc|vauthors=Liddell HG, Scott R|chapter=μῆνιγξ|title=A Greek-English Lexicon|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1940|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108025517/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmh%3Dnigc|archive-date=8 November 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] ec2qggk9zrhukm17h0hwki2w8xeqhax 0 14893 55217 54233 2026-09-22T03:39:29Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Genital warts|synonym=Condylomata acuminata, venereal warts, anal warts, anogenital warts<ref name=Andrew2020/>|image=SOA-Condylomata-acuminata-around-anus.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Severe case of genital warts around the anus of a female|pronounce=|specialty=[[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|symptoms=[[papule|Small bumps]] of genital skin, varying sizes and shapes, typically protrude out, burning, itch<ref name=Trip2022/>|complications=|onset=1-8 months following exposure<ref name=AFP2010/>|duration=|types=|causes=HPV types 6 and 11<ref name=CDC2010/>|risks=|diagnosis=Based on symptoms, can be confirmed by [[tissue biopsy|biopsy]]<ref name=CDC2010/>|differential=[[Molluscum contagiosum]], [[skin tags]], [[condyloma latum]], [[squamous cell carcinoma]]<ref name=Fer2018/>|prevention=[[HPV vaccine]], [[condoms]]<ref name=AFP2010/><ref name=NHS2017/>|treatment=Medications, [[cryotherapy]], surgery<ref name=CDC2010/>|medication=[[Podophyllum resin|Podophyllin]], [[imiquimod]], [[trichloroacetic acid]]<ref name=CDC2010/>|prognosis=|frequency=~1% (US)<ref name=AFP2010/>|deaths=|named after=}}'''Dikakana tsa bong''' ke tshwaetsego e e tshelanwang ka tlhakanelodikobo e e bakiwang ke mefuta mengwe ya human papillomavirus (HPV).<ref name="Andrew2020">{{Cite book|last=James|first=William D.|last2=Elston|first2=Dirk|last3=Treat|first3=James R.|last4=Rosenbach|first4=Misha A.|last5=Neuhaus|first5=Isaac|title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-323-54753-6|pages=406-410|edition=13th|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA406|language=en|chapter=19. Viral diseases: genital warts|access-date=2023-03-17|archive-date=2023-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317141930/https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA406|url-status=live}}</ref> Gantsi di tlhagelela jaaka dikakana tse dinnye mo letlalong la bonna, vulva, molomo wa popelo le marago.<ref name="Trip2022">{{Cite book|last=Tripathi|first=Anuj|last2=Sahu|first2=Utkarsha|editor-last=Khare|editor-first=Prashant|editor-last2=Jain|editor-first2=Ashish|title=Immunopathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of HPV induced Malignancies|date=2022|publisher=Elsevier|location=London|isbn=978-0-323-98644-1|pages=1-13|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IthOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|language=en|chapter=1. An overview of HPV: causes, symptoms, and clinical manifestations|access-date=2023-03-17|archive-date=2023-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317164916/https://books.google.com/books?id=IthOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|url-status=live}}</ref> Di ka nna tsa bo di le sephaphathi kgotsa di tswa mo godimo ga letlalo, mme mmala wa tsone o ka nna wa farologana; borokwa, bosweu, bosetlha jo bo bosetlha, bohibidu jo bo serolwana, kgotsa botala jo bo tseneletseng.<ref name="Andrew2020" /><ref name="Trip2022" /><ref name="Fer2018">{{Cite book|last=Ferri|first=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018: 5 Books in 1|date=2017|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9780323529570|page=1376|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wGclDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1376|language=en|access-date=2020-06-07|archive-date=2020-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801213852/https://books.google.com/books?id=wGclDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1376|url-status=live}}</ref> Go ka nna le dikakana di le mmalwa ka bongwe kgotsa di le mmalwa, e ka nna ka setlhopha kgotsa di kopantswe mmogo mme si lebega jaanka sethunya sa kholifolawa.<ref name="Trip2022" /><ref name="Goldman2020">{{Cite book|last=Madoff|first=Robert D.|last2=Melton-Meax|first2=Genevieve B.|editor-last=Goldman|editor-first=Lee|editor-last2=Schafer|editor-first2=Andrew I.|title=Goldman-Cecil Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-323-55087-1|page=938|edition=26th|volume=1|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA938|language=en|chapter=136. Diseases of the rectum and anus: anal warts|access-date=2023-03-17|archive-date=2023-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317112104/https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA938|url-status=live}}</ref> Gantsi di baka dikai di le mmalwa, fela di ka nna botlhoko ka dinako tse dingwe.<ref name="CDC2010">{{Cite web|title=CDC - Genital Warts - 2010 STD Treatment Guidelines|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/genital-warts.htm|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2 January 2018|language=en-us|date=28 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708133714/https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/genital-warts.htm|archive-date=8 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Di ka nna tsa tlhotlhorega kgotsa tsa fisiwa.<ref name="Trip2022" /> Gantsi di tlhagelela kgwedi e le nngwe go ya go tse robedi morago ga go tlhagelela.<ref name="AFP2010">{{Cite journal|last=Juckett|first=G|last2=Hartman-Adams, H|title=Human papillomavirus: clinical manifestations and prevention.|journal=American Family Physician|date=Nov 15, 2010|volume=82|issue=10|pages=1209–13|pmid=21121531}}</ref> [[Dikakana]] ke dikai tse di lemogiwang bonolo thata ka tshwaetsego ya HPV ya bong.<ref name="AFP2010" /> Mefuta ya HPV wa borataro le wa lesome le bongwe ke yone e e tlwaelegileng go baka dikakana tsa bong.<ref name="CDC2010" /> E anamisiwa ka go ama letlalo ka tlhamalalo, gantsi ka nako ya thobalano ya molomo, [[Thobalano|ya bong]], kgotsa ya marago le molekane yo o a nang le mogare.<ref name="AFP2010" /> Temogo ka kakaretso e ikaegile ka dikai mme e ka netefadiwa ka maranyane a biopsy.<ref name="CDC2010" /> Mefuta ya HPV e e bakang kankere ga e tshwane le e e bakang dikakana.<ref name="NCI2017">{{Cite web|last=US National Cancer Institute|title=HPV and Cancer|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/HPV|access-date=2 January 2018|archive-date=31 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031233555/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/HPV|url-status=live}}</ref> Mekento mengwe ya HPV e ka thibela dikakana tsa bong jaaka [[Sekausu|dikausu tsa itshireletso]].<ref name="AFP2010" /><ref name="NHS2017">{{Cite web|title=Genital warts|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/genital-warts/|website=NHS|access-date=2 January 2018|date=21 August 2017|archive-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103011716/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/genital-warts/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ditlhopho tsa kalafi di akaretsa ditlolo di tshwana le podofilini, imiquimod, le esiti ya trikoloroasetiki.<ref name="CDC2010" /> Cryotherapy kgotsa karo le yone e ka nna kgetho.<ref name="CDC2010" /> Morago ga kalafi dikakana gantsi di rarabologa mo dikgweding di le thataro.<ref name="AFP2010" /> Fa go sa alafiwe, mo go nngwetharong ya dikgetsi di rarabologa ka botsone.<ref name="AFP2010" /> Selekanyo sa 1% ya batho kwa United States ba na le dikakana tsa bong.<ref name="AFP2010" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, batho ba le bantsi ba na le mogare mme ga ba na dikai tsa bolwetse jono.<ref name="AFP2010" /> Kwantle ga go tsaya mokento batho botlhe ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo ba tla nna le mofuta mongwe wa HPV ka nako nngwe mo matshelong a bone.<ref name="NCI2017" /><ref name="CDC2017Fact">{{Cite web|last=US Centers for Disease Control|title=Genital HPV Infection - Fact Sheet|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm|access-date=16 November 2017|archive-date=11 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911095019/http://www.cdc.gov/STD/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Bolwetse jo bo ntse bo itsege the go tloga ka nako ya ga Hippocrates ka 300 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Syrjänen|first=Kari J.|last2=Syrjänen|first2=Stina M.|title=Papillomavirus infections in human pathology|url=https://archive.org/details/papillomavirusin0000syrj|date=2000|publisher=Wiley|location=Chichester [u.a.]|isbn=9780471971689|page=[https://archive.org/details/papillomavirusin0000syrj/page/n18 1]}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] armj8pfcn7u15n3zp3tensezc9mmzf9 0 14895 55204 54235 2026-09-22T03:34:17Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Liver cancer|synonym=Hepatic cancer, primary hepatic malignancy, primary liver cancer, hepatoma|image=CT cholangioca.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=[[CT scan]] of a [[liver]] with [[cholangiocarcinoma]]|pronounce=|specialty=[[Oncology]]|symptoms=Lump or pain in the right side below the [[rib cage]], [[ascites|swelling of the abdomen]], [[jaundice|yellowish skin]], easy bruising, weight loss, weakness<ref name=NIH2016/>|complications=|onset=55 to 65 years old<ref name=SEER2016/>|duration=|types=|causes=[[Cirrhosis]] due to [[hepatitis B]], [[hepatitis C]], or [[alcoholism|alcohol]], [[aflatoxin]], [[non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]], [[liver flukes]]<ref name=WCR2014Liver/><ref name=GBD2013/>|risks=|diagnosis=[[Blood test|Blood tests]], [[medical imaging]], [[tissue biopsy]]<ref name=NIH2016/>|differential=|prevention=[[hepatitis B vaccine|Immunization against hepatitis B]], treating those infected with hepatitis B or C<ref name=WCR2014Liver/>|treatment=[[Surgery]], [[targeted therapy]], [[radiation therapy]]<ref name=NIH2016/>|medication=|prognosis=[[Five-year survival rate|Five-year survival rates]] ~18% (US);<ref name=SEER2016/> 40% (Japan)<ref name=Japan2011/>|frequency=618,700 (point in time in 2015)<!-- point prevalence --><ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref>|deaths=782,000 (2018)<ref name=Bray2018/>|named after=}} '''Kankere ya sebete''', e gape e bidiwang '''kankere ya sebete''', ke kankere e e simololang mo sebeteng.<ref name="NIH2016">{{Cite web|title=Adult Primary Liver Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/patient/adult-liver-treatment-pdq#section/all|website=NCI|access-date=29 September 2016|date=6 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002124639/https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/patient/adult-liver-treatment-pdq#section/all|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> Kankere e e anameng go tswa kwa mafelong a mangwe go ya kwa sebeteng, e e bidiwang liver metastasis, e tlwaelegile thata go feta e e simololang mo sebeteng.<ref name="WCR2014Liver">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|pages=Chapter 5.6}}</ref> Dikai tsa kankere ya sebete di akaretsa borurugo kgotsa botlhoko mo letlhakoreng la moja ka fa tlase ga kgopo, go ruruga ga mpa, letlalo le le serolwana, go kgobosa motlhofo, go latlhegelwa ke mmele le go nna bokoa.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Selo se segolo se se bakang kankere ya sebete ke bolwetse jwa sebete jo bo bakiwang ke hepatitis B, hepatitis C kgotsa bojalwa.<ref name="GBD2013">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death|first=Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.|journal=Lancet|date=17 December 2014|pmid=25530442|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|pmc=4340604|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71}}</ref> Mabaka a mangwe a akaretsa aflatokisine, bolwetse jwa sebete jo bo mafura jo bo seng jwa bojalwa le ditlhagala tsa sebete.<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /> Mefuta e e tlwaelegileng thata ke kankere ya disele tsa sebete ( HCC ), e e dirang 80% ya dikgetse, le kankere ya cholangiocarcinoma.<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /> Mefuta e e sa tlwaelegang thata e akaretsa tlhagala ya cystic ya mucinous le tlhagala ya biliary ya papillary ya mo teng ga ditšhika.<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /> Go tshwarwa ga bolwetse go ka rurufadiwa ka diteko tsa madi le ditshwantsho tsa kalafi, mme di netefadiwe ka maranyane a biopsy ya ditshika.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Maiteko a thibelo a akaretsa go kenta kgatlhanong le hepatitis B le go alafa ba ba tsenweng ke mogare wa hepatitis B kgotsa C.<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /> Go rotloediwa gore ba ba nang le bolwetse jo bo sa foleng jwa sebete ba tlhatlhobiwe.<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /> Ditlhopha tsa kalafi di ka akaretsa karo, kalafi e e ikaeletsweng le kalafi ya marang.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Mo maemong mangwe, go ka dirisiwa kalafi ya go ntsha sebete, kalafi ya go tsenya madi mo mmeleng kgotsa go ntshiwa ga sebete.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Dibolonyana tse dinnye mo sebeteng di ka nna tsa latedisiwa thata.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Kankere ya sebete ya motheo ke kankere ya borataro e e tlhagelelang kgapetsakgapetsa mo lefatsheng lotlhe (6%) le selo sa bobedi se se bakang dintsho tse di bakiwang ke kankere (9%).<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /><ref name="WCR2014Epi">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|pages=Chapter 1.1}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi(2018)e ne ya diragala mo bathong ba le 841 000 mme ya baka dintsho di le 782 000.<ref name="Bray2018">{{Cite journal|last=Bray|first=F|last2=Ferlay|first2=J|last3=Soerjomataram|first3=I|last4=Siegel|first4=RL|last5=Torre|first5=LA|last6=Jemal|first6=A|title=Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries.|journal=CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians|date=November 2018|volume=68|issue=6|pages=394–424|doi=10.3322/caac.21492|pmid=30207593|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/83ab5cf89399bca5449f4a7baf1b1b3c2e1178c7|doi-access=free|access-date=2019-12-01|archive-date=2021-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417233225/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Global-cancer-statistics-2018%3A-GLOBOCAN-estimates-Bray-Ferlay/83ab5cf89399bca5449f4a7baf1b1b3c2e1178c7|url-status=live}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), dintsho di le 263 000 ka ntlha ya kankere ya sebete di ne di bakilwe ke hepatitis B, di le 245 000 di bakilwe ke bojalwa le di le 167 000 di bakilwe ke hepatitis C.<ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref> Dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa kankere ya sebete di diragala kwa hepatitis B le C di tlwaelegileng teng, go akaretsa le kwa Asia le kwa Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara.<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /> Borre ba amiwa gantsi ke HCC go feta Bomme.<ref name="WCR2014Liver" /> Go lemogiwa ga bolwetse jono gantsi mo bathong ba dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le botlhano go ya go di le masome a marataro le botlhano.<ref name="SEER2016" /> Seelo sa go tshela sa dingwaga di le tlhano ke 18.4 % kwa Amerika,<ref name="SEER2016">{{Cite web|title=SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer|url=http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/livibd.html|website=NCI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728014514/https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/livibd.html|archive-date=2017-07-28}}</ref> le 40.4% kwa Japane.<ref name="Japan2011">{{Cite web|title=がん診療連携拠点病院等院内がん登録生存率集計：[国立がん研究センター　がん登録・統計]|url=https://ganjoho.jp/reg_stat/statistics/brochure/hosp_c_reg_surv.html|website=ganjoho.jp|access-date=2 February 2020|archive-date=16 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916063111/https://ganjoho.jp/reg_stat/statistics/brochure/hosp_c_reg_surv.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Lefoko "hepatic" le tswa mo Segerikeng ''hêpar'', le le kayang "sebete".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hepato-|title=''Hepato-'' Etymology|publisher=[[dictionary.com]]|access-date=24 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010044253/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hepato-|archive-date=10 October 2015}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] o2oo8m0jps1md81afex4cduwxtxbbbo 0 14901 55207 54254 2026-09-22T03:35:24Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Lebusa|synonym=|image=Speculum and vaginal discharge.svg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=A drawing of abnormal vaginal discharge seen during a speculum exam|pronounce=|specialty=[[Gynecology]]|symptoms='''Normal''': Thin, watery, thick, sticky, clear or white<ref name=Beck2014 /><ref name=NHS2020/><br>'''Abnormal''': go fetoga ga mmala, go oketsega ga lebusa, monko o bosula, go babiwa, go fisiwa, [[pelvic pain]], go tswa madi mo bosading mo go sa tlwaelesegang, Botlhoko ka nako ya thobalano [[sexual intercourse|sex]]<ref name=NHS2020/><ref name=Mer2020/>|complications=|onset=|duration=|types=Le le tlwaelesegileng , Le le sa tlhwaelesegang<ref name=NHS2020/>|causes=|risks=|diagnosis=|differential=Normal, [[bacterial vaginosis]], [[vaginal yeast infection|yeast infection]], [[trichomoniasis]], [[chlamydia]], [[gonorrhea]], [[herpes]]<ref name=NHS2020/>|prevention=|treatment=|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=|deaths=|named after=}}'''Go tswa ga Lebusa''' go ka nna mo go tlwaelesegileng kgotsa mo go sa tlwaelesegang.<ref name="NHS2020">{{Cite web|title=Vaginal discharge|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaginal-discharge/|website=nhs.uk|access-date=24 September 2020|language=en|date=18 October 2017|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923201018/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaginal-discharge/|url-status=live}}</ref> Go tswa ga lebusa le le tlwaelegileng mo bosading go diragala mo basading le mo basetsaneng ba le bantsi.<ref name="NHS2020" /> Selekanyo, boleng le popego ya go tswa ga lebusa di farologana go ya ka batho, mo modikologong otlhe wa go bona kgwedi, le mo dikgatong tsotlhe tsa go gola ga tlhakanelodikobo le tsa tsalo.<ref name="Hack2016">{{Cite book|title=Hacker & Moore's Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynecology|url=https://archive.org/details/hackermooresesse0000unse_u9f9|last=Hacker|first=Neville F.|publisher=Elsevier|year=2016|isbn=9781455775583|edition=6th|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=[https://archive.org/details/hackermooresesse0000unse_u9f9/page/276 276]|quote=|via=}}</ref> Lebusa le le tlwaelegileng la bosadi le ka nna le mmala o mosesane, o o metsi kgotsa o o kitlaneng, o o kgomarelang, mme le ka nna mmala o o phepa kgotsa o mosweu.<ref name="Beck2014">{{Cite book|title=Obstetrics and Gynecology|last=Beckmann|first=R.B.|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|year=2014|isbn=9781451144314|edition=7th|location=Baltimore, MD|pages=260|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="NHS2020" /> Go tswa ga lebusa le le tlwaelegileng mo bosading gantsi ga go na monko o o bogale, e bile gantsi ga go amane le go baba kgotsa botlhoko.<ref name="Hack2016" /> E ka nna ntsi,mo go diragalang gantsi ka nako ya boimana, fa o tlhakanela dikobo, kgotsa fa o dirisa tsa thibelo boimana.<ref name="Hack2016" /><ref name="NHS2020" /> Lebusa le le tlwaelegileng le le tswang mo bosading ke motswako wa mesti disele, le dibakateria tse di kolobetsang le go sireletsa bosadi.<ref name="Beck2014" /> Motswako o o tlhagisiwa ke disele tsa bosadi le molomo wa popelo, mme o tswa mo mmeleng ka phatlha ya bosadi.<ref name="Mer2020">{{Cite web|title=Vaginal Discharge - Women's Health Issues|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/symptoms-of-gynecologic-disorders/vaginal-discharge|website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version|access-date=24 September 2020|archive-date=24 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224070430/https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/symptoms-of-gynecologic-disorders/vaginal-discharge|url-status=live}}</ref> Go tswa ga lebusa le le tlwaelegileng mo bosading ga go ka ke ga thibelwa mme go tlhapa ga go kgothalediwe ka tlhamalalo.<ref name="NHS2020" /> Le fa bontsi jwa go tswa ga lebusa bo emela go dira go go tlwaelegileng ga mmele, diphetogo dingwe mo go tsweng ga lebusa di ka bontsha tshwaetsego kgotsa mathata a mangwe.<ref name="Richardson2022">{{Cite journal|last=Richardson|first=Ania|last2=Robinson|first2=Angela J.|title=Vaginal discharge|journal=Medicine|date=1 May 2022|volume=50|issue=5|pages=254–258|doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2022.02.002|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1357303922000469|language=en|issn=1357-3039}}</ref> Ditshwaetsego tse di ka bakang diphetogo mo metsi a a tswang mo bosading di akaretsa ditshwaetso tsa tomoso ya bosadi, bolwetse jwa bosadi jo bo bakiwang ke dibakateria, le ditshwaetso dingwe tse di tshelanwang ka thobalano.<ref name="Rice2016">{{Cite journal|last=Rice|first=Alexandra|year=2016|title=Vaginal Discharge|url=|journal=Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine|volume=26|issue=11|pages=317–323|doi=10.1016/j.ogrm.2016.08.002}}</ref> Mabaka a a tshelanweng a akaretsa bata ya bubble kgotsa dilo tse dingwe.<ref name="Mer2020" /> Diponagalo tsa go tswa ga lebusa le le tlwaelegang mo bosading di farologana go ikaegile ka se se bakang, ka diponagalo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di akaretsang phetogo ya mmala, koketsego ya selekanyo, monko o o bosula, kgotsa dikai tse di amanang le one a a jaaka go babiwa go fisa, botlhoko jwa mo sehubeng, go dutla madi go go sa tlwaelegang mo bosading, kgotsa botlhoko ka nako ya [[thobalano]].<ref name="NHS2020" /><ref name="Mer2020" /> == Ditshupiso == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] qdug52bbhc3u360aeavfzgeo9oko51o 0 14902 55215 54300 2026-09-22T03:38:13Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Kankere ya Lebele | synonym = | image = Breast Cancer.png | image_size = | image_thumbtime = | alt = | caption = Kankere ya Lebele mo lebeleng la moja | pronounce = | specialty = <nowiki>[[Ngwaka ya Kankere]</nowiki> | symptoms = Go nna le kgopa mo sehubeng, go fetoga ga popego ya sehuba, go nna le marontho mo letlalong, seedi se se tswang mo thining, thining e e sa tswang go menoga, letlalo le lehibidu le le nang le makape mo sehubeng<ref name=NCI2014Pt/> | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = Go nna mosadi, [[obesity]], go sa itshidila mmele, bojalwa, [[hormone replacement therapy]] during [[menopause]], [[ionizing radiation]], early age at [[menarche|first menstruation]], Go nna le bana morago ga nako kgotsa go sa nna le bana gotlhelele,bogodi , ga o kile wa amiwa ke bolwetsi pele, ditso tsa kankere mo lwapeng, [[Klinefelter syndrome]]<ref name=NCI2014Pt /><ref name=WCR2014 /><ref name = NICHD>{{cite web |url = http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/klinefelter_syndrome.cfm |title = Klinefelter Syndrome |date = 24 May 2007 |publisher = [[Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121127030744/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/klinefelter_syndrome.cfm |archive-date = 27 November 2012 |url-status = dead}}</ref> | diagnosis = [[Biopsy|Tissue biopsy]]<ref name=NCI2014Pt /> | differential = | prevention = | treatment = [[Loaro]], [[go tshubiwa ka marang]], [[chemotherapy]], [[Hormonal therapy (oncology)|hormonal therapy]], [[targeted therapy]]<ref name=NCI2014Pt /> | medication = | prognosis = [[Five-year survival rate]] ≈85% (US, UK)<ref name=SEER2014 /><ref name=UK2013Prog /> | frequency = 2.1 million affected as of 2018<!-- prevalence --><ref name=Bra2018>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A | title = Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries | journal = Ca | volume = 68 | issue = 6 | pages = 394–424 | date = November 2018 | pmid = 30207593 | doi = 10.3322/caac.21492 | url = https://semanticscholar.org/paper/83ab5cf89399bca5449f4a7baf1b1b3c2e1178c7 | doi-access = free | access-date = 5 August 2020 | archive-date = 17 April 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210417233225/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Global-cancer-statistics-2018%3A-GLOBOCAN-estimates-Bray-Ferlay/83ab5cf89399bca5449f4a7baf1b1b3c2e1178c7 | url-status = live }}</ref> | deaths = 627,000 (2018)<ref name=Bra2018/> | named after = }} '''Kankere ya Lebele''' ke kankere e e tlhagelelang mo ditshikeng tsa mabele.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Breast Cancer|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breast|website=NCI|access-date=29 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625232947/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breast|archive-date=25 June 2014|df=dmy-all|date=January 1980}}</ref> Dikai tsa kankere ya Lebele di akaretsa go nna le legogo mo lebeleng, go fetoga ga popego ya Lebele, go tlhotlhorega ga letlalo, matute/metsi a a tswang mo lebeleng, lebele le le sa tswang go retologa, kgotsa letlalo le lehibidu kgotsa le le nang le dipatso.<ref name="NCI2014Pt">{{Cite web|title=Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/Patient/page1/AllPages|website=NCI|date=23 May 2014|access-date=29 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705110404/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/Patient/page1/AllPages|archive-date=5 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Mo go ba ba nang le kanamo e e kgakala ya bolwetse, go ka nna le ditlhabi tsa marapo, go ruruga ga dilimfenoutu, go tlhaela mowa, kgotsa letlalo le le serolwana.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Saunders|first=Christobel|last2=Jassal|first2=Sunil|title=Breast cancer|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-955869-8|page=Chapter 13|edition=1.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=as46WowY_usC&pg=PT123|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025013217/https://books.google.com/books?id=as46WowY_usC&pg=PT123|archive-date=25 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Dintlha tse di kotsi tsa go nna le kankere ya Leele di akaretsa go nna mosadi, bokima jo bo feteletseng, go tlhoka go ikatisa mmele, botagwa, kalafi ya go emisetsa dihomoune ka nako ya go kgaotsa go bona kgwedi, marang a ionizing, dingwaga tse dinnye tsa go bona setswalo la ntlha, go nna le bana morago ga nako mo botshelong kgotsa go sa nne le bone gotlhelele, ditso tsa kankere mo lwapeng kgotsa go nna le mabele.<ref name="NCI2014Pt" /><ref name="WCR2014">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-832-0429-9|pages=Chapter 5.2}}</ref> Mo e ka nnang 5–10% ya dikgetse ke ditlamorago tsa tshekamelo ya dijini e e ruilweng mo batsading ba motho, go akaretsa le BRCA1 le BRCA2 gareng ga tse dingwe.<ref name="NCI2014Pt" /> Kankere ya Lebele gantsi e nna teng mo diseleng tse di tswang mo letlalong la ditšhika tsa mashi le mo di-lobule tse di tlamelang ditšhika tseno ka mashi.<ref name="NCI2014Pt" /> Dikankere tse di tlhagelelang mo diphaepheneng di itsege jaaka dikankere tsa diphaephe, fa tse di tlhagelelang mo dilobuleng di itsege jaaka dikankere tsa dilobule.<ref name="NCI2014Pt" /> Go na le mefuta e mengwe e e fetang lesome le borobabobedu ya kankere ya Lebele.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Tse dingwe, jaaka kankere ya ditšhika mo lefelong la tsone, di tlhagelela go tswa mo dinthong tsa pele ga go tsenelela.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Go tshwatwa ga kankere ya Lebele go netefadiwa ka go tsaya biopsy ya thishu e e amegang.<ref name="NCI2014Pt" /> Fa kankere e sena go lemogiwa, go dirwa diteko tse dingwe go bona gore a kankere e aname go feta letswele le gore ke dikalafi dife tse go ka diregang gore di nne le matswela thata.<ref name="NCI2014Pt" /> Tekatekano ya melemo le dikotsi tsa go tlhatlhoba kankere ya mabele e a ganetsana. Tlhatlhobo ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe ( 2009) ya Setlhopha sa Tiro sa Ditirelo tsa Thibelo ya Amerika e ne ya fitlhela bosupi jwa gore go na le mosola mo bathong bao ba dingwaga di le masome a mane go ya go di le masome a supa,<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Nelson HD, Tyne K, Naik A, Bougatsos C, Chan B, Nygren P, Humphrey L|title=Screening for Breast Cancer: Systematic Evidence Review Update for the US Preventive Services Task Force [Internet]|date=November 2009|pmid=20722173|journal=U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Evidence Syntheses|location=Rockville, MD|publisher=Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality|id=Report No.: 10-05142-EF-1}}</ref> mme e akantsha gore go tlhatlhobiwe dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le pedi mo basading ba dingwaga di le masome a mane go ya go di le masome a supa le bone go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro.<ref name="USPSTF2023">{{Cite web|title=Draft Recommendation: Breast Cancer: Screening {{!}} United States Preventive Services Taskforce|url=https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/breast-cancer-screening-adults|website=www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org|access-date=10 May 2023|archive-date=9 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509172307/https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/breast-cancer-screening-adults|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="USPSTFScreen2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Siu AL|title=Screening for Breast Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=164|issue=4|pages=279–96|date=February 2016|pmid=26757170|doi=10.7326/M15-2886|doi-access=free}}</ref> Tlhatlhobo ya Cochrane ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro e ne ya fitlhela gore ga go tlhaloganyesege sentle gore a go tlhatlhoba ka maranyane a mammography go kotsi go na le go thusa, ka gonne karolo e tona ya basadi ba ba fitlhelwang ba na le bolwetse jono ba itshupa ba se na bolwetse jono.<ref name="Got2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Gøtzsche PC, Jørgensen KJ|title=Screening for breast cancer with mammography|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=6|issue=6|pages=CD001877|date=June 2013|pmid=23737396|pmc=6464778|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001877.pub5}}</ref> Ditlhare tsa tamoxifen kgotsa raloxifene di ka dirisiwa ka maiteko a go thibela kankere ya Lebele mo bathong ba ba mo kotsing e tona ya go nna le yone.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Go ntsha mabele ka bobedi ka go arwa ke kgato e nngwe ya go thibela mo basading bangwe ba ba mo kotsing e tona.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Mo go ba ba lemogilweng gore ba na le kankere, go ka dirisiwa dikalafi di le mmalwa, go akaretsa le karo, kalafi ya marang, kalafi ya dikhemikhale, kalafi ya dihoromone, le kalafi e e ikaeletsweng.<ref name="NCI2014Pt" /> Mefuta ya karo e farologana go tswa go karo ya go somarela mabele go ya go karo ya go kgaola mabele.<ref name="ACSfive">{{Cite web|date=September 2013|title=Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question|publisher=[[American College of Surgeons]]|website=[[Choosing Wisely]]: an initiative of the [[Choosing Wisely|ABIM Foundation]]|url=http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/american-college-of-surgeons/|access-date=2 January 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027085747/http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/american-college-of-surgeons/|archive-date=27 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="NCI2014TxProf">{{Cite web|title=Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/healthprofessional/page1/AllPages|website=NCI|access-date=29 June 2014|date=26 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705110521/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/healthprofessional/page1/AllPages|archive-date=5 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Go aga sesha ga mabele go ka dirwa ka nako ya karo kgotsa moragonyana.<ref name="NCI2014TxProf" /> Mo go ba kankere e anametse kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa mmele mo go bone, dikalafi di ikaeletse thata go tokafatsa boleng jwa botshelo le kgomotso.<ref name="NCI2014TxProf" /> Ditlamorago tsa kankere ya Lebele di farologana go ikaegile ka mofuta wa kankere, selekanyo sa bolwetse, le dingwaga tsa motho.<ref name="NCI2014TxProf" /> Dikelo tsa go falola tsa dingwaga di le tlhano kwa Engelane le United States di magareng ga 80 le 90%.<ref name="SEER2014">{{Cite web|title=SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Breast Cancer|url=http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html|website=NCI|access-date=18 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703030149/http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html|archive-date=3 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="UK2013Prog">{{Cite web|title=Cancer Survival in England: Patients Diagnosed 2007–2011 and Followed up to 2012|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_333318.pdf|website=Office for National Statistics|access-date=29 June 2014|date=29 October 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129124915/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_333318.pdf|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="WCR2008">{{Cite web|publisher=[[International Agency for Research on Cancer]]|year=2008|title=World Cancer Report|url=http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/wcr/2008/wcr_2008.pdf|access-date=26 February 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720232417/http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/wcr/2008/wcr_2008.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Mo mafatsheng a tlhabologang, dikelo tsa go tshela dingwaga di le tlhano di kwa tlase.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Lefatshe ka bophara, kankere ya mabele ke mofuta o o eteletseng pele mo basading, e dira 25% ya dikgetse tsotlhe.<ref name="WCR2014Epi">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-832-0429-9|pages=Chapter 1.1}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi e ne ya felela ka dikgetse tse disha di le dimilione di le pedi le dintsho di le 627 000. E tlwaelegile thata mo dinageng tse di tlhabologileng <ref name="WCR2014" /> mme e tlwaelegile go feta makgetlo a le lekgolo mo basading go feta mo banneng.<ref name="WCR2008" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Male Breast Cancer Treatment|publisher=[[National Cancer Institute]]|year=2014|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/malebreast/HealthProfessional|access-date=29 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704182515/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/malebreast/HealthProfessional|archive-date=4 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 5e6xbxvx52gykjw70etv83n8v3u083m 0 14995 55223 54679 2026-09-22T06:04:24Z VNGao 10152 55223 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anok Yai''' ( tshotswe ka Sedimonthole 20 ale 1997 ) ke mmabontle wa MoAmerika . Ke mmabontle wa bobedi wa Bantsho, morago ga Naomi Campbell, go bula pontsho ya Prada . O a tlhagelela makgeto a le mmalwa mo dikurateng tsa ''Vogue'', go akaretsa le American ''Vogue'' makgeto a le mararo. ''TIME'' e ne ya mo mmitsa mongwe wa batho ba le 100 ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2026 |title=Anok Yai |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people/2026/anok-yai/ |website=TIME}}</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Pele == Yai o tsholetswe kwa toropo kgolo ya [[:en:Cairo|Egepeto]] ebong [[:en:Cairo|Cairo]], morago ga gore ba lelwapa la gagwe ba tshabe [[:en:Second_Sudanese_Civil_War#Foreign_interventions|dintwa tse di neng di diragala kwa Sudan]]. Otswa mo lelwapeng la sedumedi la morafe wa [[:en:Dinka_people|Dinka]]. Fa ane ale dingwaga di le tharo fela, ba lelwapa la gagwe bane ba fudugela kwa [[:en:Manchester,_New_Hampshire|Manchester , mo New Hampshire]], kwa Amerika. Mmaagwe ke mooki, rraagwe o bereka mo setlamong sa [[:en:Easterseals_(U.S.)|Easter seals]], fa mogolowe wa mosetsana, Alim ele ene motlhokomedi le mogakolodi wa gagwe wa tsa madi. Yai o alogile mo sekolong se segolwane sa [[:en:Manchester_High_School_West|Manchester High West]] , mme a tsena kwa [[:en:Plymouth_State_University|Plymouth State University]] go ithutela biochemistry , maikaelelo ele go nna ngaka. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] ma58g3tls9vtxl5a3pj3eesby75n6vn 55224 55223 2026-09-22T06:32:50Z VNGao 10152 55224 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anok Yai''' ( tshotswe ka Sedimonthole 20 ale 1997 ) ke mmabontle wa MoAmerika . Ke mmabontle wa bobedi wa Bantsho, morago ga Naomi Campbell, go bula pontsho ya Prada . O a tlhagelela makgeto a le mmalwa mo dikurateng tsa ''Vogue'', go akaretsa le American ''Vogue'' makgeto a le mararo. ''TIME'' e ne ya mo mmitsa mongwe wa batho ba le 100 ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2026 |title=Anok Yai |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people/2026/anok-yai/ |website=TIME}}</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Pele == Yai o tsholetswe kwa toropo kgolo ya [[:en:Cairo|Egepeto]] ebong [[:en:Cairo|Cairo]], morago ga gore ba lelwapa la gagwe ba tshabe [[:en:Second_Sudanese_Civil_War#Foreign_interventions|dintwa tse di neng di diragala kwa Sudan]]. Otswa mo lelwapeng la sedumedi la morafe wa [[:en:Dinka_people|Dinka]]<ref>Singer, Olivia (January 15, 2018). "[https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/what-you-need-to-know-about-pradas-new-collection What You Need To Know About Prada's New Collection]". British Vogue. Retrieved September 22, 2026.</ref>. Fa ane ale dingwaga di le tharo fela, ba lelwapa la gagwe bane ba fudugela kwa [[:en:Manchester,_New_Hampshire|Manchester , mo New Hampshire]], kwa Amerika.<ref>Wootson Jr., Cleve R. (October 31, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ "A photographer unexpectedly snapped her picture at homecoming. Then, modeling agencies called"]. The Washington Post.</ref> Mmaagwe ke mooki, rraagwe o bereka mo setlamong sa [[:en:Easterseals_(U.S.)|Easter seals]], fa mogolowe wa mosetsana, Alim ele ene motlhokomedi le mogakolodi wa gagwe wa tsa madi<ref>Hayward, Mark (October 25, 2017). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ Plymouth State student a model of internet fame after Instagram post] - New Hampshire</ref>. Yai o alogile mo sekolong se segolwane sa [[:en:Manchester_High_School_West|Manchester High West]] , mme a tsena kwa [[:en:Plymouth_State_University|Plymouth State University]] go ithutela biochemistry , maikaelelo ele go nna ngaka.<ref> "[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anok-yai-viral-photos-modeling-agencies-plymouth-new-hampshire/ Modeling agencies reach out to woman featured in viral photos"]. CBS News. Associated Press. October 30, 2017</ref><ref>Heyward, Jasmine (November 11, 2017). "[https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2017/11/11/new-hampshire-college-student-signs-with-modeling-agency-after-viral-instagram-photo/ New Hampshire college student signs with modeling agency after viral Instagram photo".] [[:en:Boston.com|Boston.com.]]</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] d9hxia4lm6m76fi33fejoeihhnvtth3 55225 55224 2026-09-22T06:41:48Z VNGao 10152 55225 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Anok_Yai|Anok Yai]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa.) ke mmabontle wa go supa mokgabo mo seraleng wa letso la Amerika . Ke mmabontle wa bobedi wa batho bantsho, morago ga Naomi Campbell, go simolola go supa mokgabo ya Prada . O a tlhagelela makgeto a le mmalwa mo dikurateng tsa ''Vogue'', go akaretsa le American ''Vogue'' makgeto a le mararo. ''TIME'' e ne ya mo mmitsa mongwe wa batho ba le 100 ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2026 |title=Anok Yai |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people/2026/anok-yai/ |website=TIME}}</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Pele == Yai o tsholetswe kwa toropo kgolo ya [[:en:Cairo|Egepeto]] ebong [[:en:Cairo|Cairo]], morago ga gore ba lelwapa la gagwe ba tshabe [[:en:Second_Sudanese_Civil_War#Foreign_interventions|dintwa tse di neng di diragala kwa Sudan]]. Otswa mo lelwapeng la sedumedi la morafe wa [[:en:Dinka_people|Dinka]]<ref>Singer, Olivia (January 15, 2018). "[https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/what-you-need-to-know-about-pradas-new-collection What You Need To Know About Prada's New Collection]". British Vogue. Retrieved September 22, 2026.</ref>. Fa ane ale dingwaga di le tharo fela, ba lelwapa la gagwe bane ba fudugela kwa [[:en:Manchester,_New_Hampshire|Manchester , mo New Hampshire]], kwa Amerika.<ref>Wootson Jr., Cleve R. (October 31, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ "A photographer unexpectedly snapped her picture at homecoming. Then, modeling agencies called"]. The Washington Post.</ref> Mmaagwe ke mooki, rraagwe o bereka mo setlamong sa [[:en:Easterseals_(U.S.)|Easter seals]], fa mogolowe wa mosetsana, Alim ele ene motlhokomedi le mogakolodi wa gagwe wa tsa madi<ref>Hayward, Mark (October 25, 2017). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ Plymouth State student a model of internet fame after Instagram post] - New Hampshire</ref>. Yai o alogile mo sekolong se segolwane sa [[:en:Manchester_High_School_West|Manchester High West]] , mme a tsena kwa [[:en:Plymouth_State_University|Plymouth State University]] go ithutela biochemistry , maikaelelo ele go nna ngaka.<ref> "[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anok-yai-viral-photos-modeling-agencies-plymouth-new-hampshire/ Modeling agencies reach out to woman featured in viral photos"]. CBS News. Associated Press. October 30, 2017</ref><ref>Heyward, Jasmine (November 11, 2017). "[https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2017/11/11/new-hampshire-college-student-signs-with-modeling-agency-after-viral-instagram-photo/ New Hampshire college student signs with modeling agency after viral Instagram photo".] [[:en:Boston.com|Boston.com.]]</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] ioeurjb5m7v8jixnifx5kcafdfpov2w 55226 55225 2026-09-22T06:51:00Z VNGao 10152 55226 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Anok_Yai|Anok Yai]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa.) ke [[:en:Model_(person)#Fashion_modelling|mmabontle wa go supa mokgabo]] mo seraleng wa letso la Amerika . Ke mmabontle wa bobedi wa batho bantsho, morago ga [[:en:Naomi_Campbell|Naomi Campbell]], go simolola go supa mokgabo ya [[:en:Prada|Prada]] . One a tlhagelela makgeto a le mmalwa mo dikuranteng kana makwala dikgang tsa ''[[:en:Vogue_(magazine)|Vogue]]'', go akaretsa le American ''Vogue'' makgeto a le mararo. ''[[:en:Time_(magazine)|TIME]]'' e ne ya mo mmitsa mongwe wa batho ba le [[:en:Time_100|100 ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo lefatsheng]] ka ngwaga wa 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2026 |title=Anok Yai |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people/2026/anok-yai/ |website=TIME}}</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Pele == Yai o tsholetswe kwa toropo kgolo ya [[:en:Cairo|Egepeto]] ebong [[:en:Cairo|Cairo]], morago ga gore ba lelwapa la gagwe ba tshabe [[:en:Second_Sudanese_Civil_War#Foreign_interventions|dintwa tse di neng di diragala kwa Sudan]]. Otswa mo lelwapeng la sedumedi la morafe wa [[:en:Dinka_people|Dinka]]<ref>Singer, Olivia (January 15, 2018). "[https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/what-you-need-to-know-about-pradas-new-collection What You Need To Know About Prada's New Collection]". British Vogue. Retrieved September 22, 2026.</ref>. Fa ane ale dingwaga di le tharo fela, ba lelwapa la gagwe bane ba fudugela kwa [[:en:Manchester,_New_Hampshire|Manchester , mo New Hampshire]], kwa Amerika.<ref>Wootson Jr., Cleve R. (October 31, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ "A photographer unexpectedly snapped her picture at homecoming. Then, modeling agencies called"]. The Washington Post.</ref> Mmaagwe ke mooki, rraagwe o bereka mo setlamong sa [[:en:Easterseals_(U.S.)|Easter seals]], fa mogolowe wa mosetsana, Alim ele ene motlhokomedi le mogakolodi wa gagwe wa tsa madi<ref>Hayward, Mark (October 25, 2017). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ Plymouth State student a model of internet fame after Instagram post] - New Hampshire</ref>. Yai o alogile mo sekolong se segolwane sa [[:en:Manchester_High_School_West|Manchester High West]] , mme a tsena kwa [[:en:Plymouth_State_University|Plymouth State University]] go ithutela biochemistry , maikaelelo ele go nna ngaka.<ref> "[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anok-yai-viral-photos-modeling-agencies-plymouth-new-hampshire/ Modeling agencies reach out to woman featured in viral photos"]. CBS News. Associated Press. October 30, 2017</ref><ref>Heyward, Jasmine (November 11, 2017). "[https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2017/11/11/new-hampshire-college-student-signs-with-modeling-agency-after-viral-instagram-photo/ New Hampshire college student signs with modeling agency after viral Instagram photo".] [[:en:Boston.com|Boston.com.]]</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] o79enizqaqf33j6kzi80czyqdi4g64h 55227 55226 2026-09-22T06:52:12Z VNGao 10152 55227 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Anok Yai at Paco Rabanne Spring Summer 2020.jpg|thumb|Anok Yai ]] '''[[:en:Anok_Yai|Anok Yai]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa.) ke [[:en:Model_(person)#Fashion_modelling|mmabontle wa go supa mokgabo]] mo seraleng wa letso la Amerika . Ke mmabontle wa bobedi wa batho bantsho, morago ga [[:en:Naomi_Campbell|Naomi Campbell]], go simolola go supa mokgabo ya [[:en:Prada|Prada]] . One a tlhagelela makgeto a le mmalwa mo dikuranteng kana makwala dikgang tsa ''[[:en:Vogue_(magazine)|Vogue]]'', go akaretsa le American ''Vogue'' makgeto a le mararo. ''[[:en:Time_(magazine)|TIME]]'' e ne ya mo mmitsa mongwe wa batho ba le [[:en:Time_100|100 ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo lefatsheng]] ka ngwaga wa 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2026 |title=Anok Yai |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people/2026/anok-yai/ |website=TIME}}</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Pele == Yai o tsholetswe kwa toropo kgolo ya [[:en:Cairo|Egepeto]] ebong [[:en:Cairo|Cairo]], morago ga gore ba lelwapa la gagwe ba tshabe [[:en:Second_Sudanese_Civil_War#Foreign_interventions|dintwa tse di neng di diragala kwa Sudan]]. Otswa mo lelwapeng la sedumedi la morafe wa [[:en:Dinka_people|Dinka]]<ref>Singer, Olivia (January 15, 2018). "[https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/what-you-need-to-know-about-pradas-new-collection What You Need To Know About Prada's New Collection]". British Vogue. Retrieved September 22, 2026.</ref>. Fa ane ale dingwaga di le tharo fela, ba lelwapa la gagwe bane ba fudugela kwa [[:en:Manchester,_New_Hampshire|Manchester , mo New Hampshire]], kwa Amerika.<ref>Wootson Jr., Cleve R. (October 31, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ "A photographer unexpectedly snapped her picture at homecoming. Then, modeling agencies called"]. The Washington Post.</ref> Mmaagwe ke mooki, rraagwe o bereka mo setlamong sa [[:en:Easterseals_(U.S.)|Easter seals]], fa mogolowe wa mosetsana, Alim ele ene motlhokomedi le mogakolodi wa gagwe wa tsa madi<ref>Hayward, Mark (October 25, 2017). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ Plymouth State student a model of internet fame after Instagram post] - New Hampshire</ref>. Yai o alogile mo sekolong se segolwane sa [[:en:Manchester_High_School_West|Manchester High West]] , mme a tsena kwa [[:en:Plymouth_State_University|Plymouth State University]] go ithutela biochemistry , maikaelelo ele go nna ngaka.<ref> "[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anok-yai-viral-photos-modeling-agencies-plymouth-new-hampshire/ Modeling agencies reach out to woman featured in viral photos"]. CBS News. Associated Press. October 30, 2017</ref><ref>Heyward, Jasmine (November 11, 2017). "[https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2017/11/11/new-hampshire-college-student-signs-with-modeling-agency-after-viral-instagram-photo/ New Hampshire college student signs with modeling agency after viral Instagram photo".] [[:en:Boston.com|Boston.com.]]</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 41c1k197kjvrvklqpx2b6x17if5g51g 55228 55227 2026-09-22T07:04:09Z VNGao 10152 /* Botshelo Jwa Pele */ 55228 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Anok Yai at Paco Rabanne Spring Summer 2020.jpg|thumb|Anok Yai ]] '''[[:en:Anok_Yai|Anok Yai]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa.) ke [[:en:Model_(person)#Fashion_modelling|mmabontle wa go supa mokgabo]] mo seraleng wa letso la Amerika . Ke mmabontle wa bobedi wa batho bantsho, morago ga [[:en:Naomi_Campbell|Naomi Campbell]], go simolola go supa mokgabo ya [[:en:Prada|Prada]] . One a tlhagelela makgeto a le mmalwa mo dikuranteng kana makwala dikgang tsa ''[[:en:Vogue_(magazine)|Vogue]]'', go akaretsa le American ''Vogue'' makgeto a le mararo. ''[[:en:Time_(magazine)|TIME]]'' e ne ya mo mmitsa mongwe wa batho ba le [[:en:Time_100|100 ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo lefatsheng]] ka ngwaga wa 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2026 |title=Anok Yai |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people/2026/anok-yai/ |website=TIME}}</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Pele == Yai o tsholetswe kwa toropo kgolo ya [[:en:Cairo|Egepeto]] ebong [[:en:Cairo|Cairo]], morago ga gore ba lelwapa la gagwe ba tshabe [[:en:Second_Sudanese_Civil_War#Foreign_interventions|dintwa tse di neng di diragala kwa Sudan]]. Otswa mo lelwapeng la sedumedi la morafe wa [[:en:Dinka_people|Dinka]]<ref>Singer, Olivia (January 15, 2018). "[https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/what-you-need-to-know-about-pradas-new-collection What You Need To Know About Prada's New Collection]". British Vogue. Retrieved September 22, 2026.</ref>. Fa ane ale dingwaga di le tharo fela, ba lelwapa la gagwe bane ba fudugela kwa [[:en:Manchester,_New_Hampshire|Manchester , mo New Hampshire]], kwa Amerika.<ref>Wootson Jr., Cleve R. (October 31, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ "A photographer unexpectedly snapped her picture at homecoming. Then, modeling agencies called"]. The Washington Post.</ref> Mmaagwe ke mooki, rraagwe o bereka mo setlamong sa [[:en:Easterseals_(U.S.)|Easter seals]], fa mogolowe wa mosetsana, Alim ele ene motlhokomedi le mogakolodi wa gagwe wa tsa madi<ref>Hayward, Mark (October 25, 2017). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ Plymouth State student a model of internet fame after Instagram post] - New Hampshire</ref>. Yai o alogile mo sekolong se segolwane sa [[:en:Manchester_High_School_West|Manchester High West]] , mme a tsena kwa [[:en:Plymouth_State_University|Plymouth State University]] go ithutela biochemistry , maikaelelo ele go nna ngaka.<ref> "[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anok-yai-viral-photos-modeling-agencies-plymouth-new-hampshire/ Modeling agencies reach out to woman featured in viral photos"]. CBS News. Associated Press. October 30, 2017</ref><ref>Heyward, Jasmine (November 11, 2017). "[https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2017/11/11/new-hampshire-college-student-signs-with-modeling-agency-after-viral-instagram-photo/ New Hampshire college student signs with modeling agency after viral Instagram photo".] [[:en:Boston.com|Boston.com.]]</ref> == Tiro == Yai o simolotse go itsagale ka kgwedi ya Diphalane, ngwaga wa ketepedi, lesome le bosupa, ka beke ya go ipaakanyetsa tshimologo ya sekole kwa Howard University fa mokapa ditshwantsho wa tlhwatlhwa wa Steve ' the Sunk Hall a mo kopa go itsaa senepe leene. Ditlamo ka go farologana tsa bo mmabontle , go akaretsa IMG Models ba me ba kopa jalo go itshwaraganya le ene. One a manega senepe kana setshwantsho se mo leboteng la Instagram, mme sa kgatlhegelwa ke batho ba feta dikete dile masome a mabedi (20,000). == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 2fxva42hwpnytt71kcl2c6u4jeb33um 55229 55228 2026-09-22T07:51:17Z VNGao 10152 /* Tiro */ 55229 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Anok Yai at Paco Rabanne Spring Summer 2020.jpg|thumb|Anok Yai ]] '''[[:en:Anok_Yai|Anok Yai]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa.) ke [[:en:Model_(person)#Fashion_modelling|mmabontle wa go supa mokgabo]] mo seraleng wa letso la Amerika . Ke mmabontle wa bobedi wa batho bantsho, morago ga [[:en:Naomi_Campbell|Naomi Campbell]], go simolola go supa mokgabo ya [[:en:Prada|Prada]] . One a tlhagelela makgeto a le mmalwa mo dikuranteng kana makwala dikgang tsa ''[[:en:Vogue_(magazine)|Vogue]]'', go akaretsa le American ''Vogue'' makgeto a le mararo. ''[[:en:Time_(magazine)|TIME]]'' e ne ya mo mmitsa mongwe wa batho ba le [[:en:Time_100|100 ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo lefatsheng]] ka ngwaga wa 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2026 |title=Anok Yai |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people/2026/anok-yai/ |website=TIME}}</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Pele == Yai o tsholetswe kwa toropo kgolo ya [[:en:Cairo|Egepeto]] ebong [[:en:Cairo|Cairo]], morago ga gore ba lelwapa la gagwe ba tshabe [[:en:Second_Sudanese_Civil_War#Foreign_interventions|dintwa tse di neng di diragala kwa Sudan]]. Otswa mo lelwapeng la sedumedi la morafe wa [[:en:Dinka_people|Dinka]]<ref>Singer, Olivia (January 15, 2018). "[https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/what-you-need-to-know-about-pradas-new-collection What You Need To Know About Prada's New Collection]". British Vogue. Retrieved September 22, 2026.</ref>. Fa ane ale dingwaga di le tharo fela, ba lelwapa la gagwe bane ba fudugela kwa [[:en:Manchester,_New_Hampshire|Manchester , mo New Hampshire]], kwa Amerika.<ref>Wootson Jr., Cleve R. (October 31, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ "A photographer unexpectedly snapped her picture at homecoming. Then, modeling agencies called"]. The Washington Post.</ref> Mmaagwe ke mooki, rraagwe o bereka mo setlamong sa [[:en:Easterseals_(U.S.)|Easter seals]], fa mogolowe wa mosetsana, Alim ele ene motlhokomedi le mogakolodi wa gagwe wa tsa madi<ref>Hayward, Mark (October 25, 2017). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ Plymouth State student a model of internet fame after Instagram post] - New Hampshire</ref>. Yai o alogile mo sekolong se segolwane sa [[:en:Manchester_High_School_West|Manchester High West]] , mme a tsena kwa [[:en:Plymouth_State_University|Plymouth State University]] go ithutela biochemistry , maikaelelo ele go nna ngaka.<ref> "[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anok-yai-viral-photos-modeling-agencies-plymouth-new-hampshire/ Modeling agencies reach out to woman featured in viral photos"]. CBS News. Associated Press. October 30, 2017</ref><ref>Heyward, Jasmine (November 11, 2017). "[https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2017/11/11/new-hampshire-college-student-signs-with-modeling-agency-after-viral-instagram-photo/ New Hampshire college student signs with modeling agency after viral Instagram photo".] [[:en:Boston.com|Boston.com.]]</ref> == Tiro == Yai o simolotse go itsagale ka kgwedi ya Diphalane, ngwaga wa ketepedi, lesome le bosupa, ka beke ya go ipaakanyetsa tshimologo ya sekole kwa [[:en:Howard_University|Howard University]] fa mokapa ditshwantsho wa tlhwatlhwa wa Steve ' the Sunk Hall a mo kopa go itsaa senepe leene. Ditlamo ka go farologana tsa bo mmabontle , go akaretsa [[:en:IMG_(company)#IMG_Models|IMG Models]] ba me ba kopa jalo go itshwaraganya le ene. One a manega senepe kana setshwantsho se mo leboteng la [[:en:Instagram|Instagram]], mme sa kgatlhegelwa ke batho ba feta dikete dile masome a mabedi (20,000). O ne a tlhopha jalo go tsena mo tumalanong le setlamo sa [[:en:Jean-Luc_Brunel|Next Model Management]], seo se neng se sa tswa go leka go ikgolaganya le ene makgetho a le mmalwa mo dibekeng tse di fitileng. Morago fela ga dikgwedi tse nne , one a nna jalo ene wa ntlha mmabontle wa letso la Sudan go simolola tshupetso ya diaparo ya [[:en:Prada|Prada]](Prada fashion Show). One gape a tlhagelela mo lenaneong la Prada SS 2028 le la [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]] leo le dirilweng ke [[:en:Riccardo_Tisci|Givenchy's Riccardo Tisci]]. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 5kgckb9yn75dyohvn05m5ohxc540cq7 55230 55229 2026-09-22T08:05:40Z VNGao 10152 /* Metswedi */ 55230 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Anok Yai at Paco Rabanne Spring Summer 2020.jpg|thumb|Anok Yai ]] '''[[:en:Anok_Yai|Anok Yai]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa.) ke [[:en:Model_(person)#Fashion_modelling|mmabontle wa go supa mokgabo]] mo seraleng wa letso la Amerika . Ke mmabontle wa bobedi wa batho bantsho, morago ga [[:en:Naomi_Campbell|Naomi Campbell]], go simolola go supa mokgabo ya [[:en:Prada|Prada]] . One a tlhagelela makgeto a le mmalwa mo dikuranteng kana makwala dikgang tsa ''[[:en:Vogue_(magazine)|Vogue]]'', go akaretsa le American ''Vogue'' makgeto a le mararo. ''[[:en:Time_(magazine)|TIME]]'' e ne ya mo mmitsa mongwe wa batho ba le [[:en:Time_100|100 ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo lefatsheng]] ka ngwaga wa 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2026 |title=Anok Yai |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people/2026/anok-yai/ |website=TIME}}</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Pele == Yai o tsholetswe kwa toropo kgolo ya [[:en:Cairo|Egepeto]] ebong [[:en:Cairo|Cairo]], morago ga gore ba lelwapa la gagwe ba tshabe [[:en:Second_Sudanese_Civil_War#Foreign_interventions|dintwa tse di neng di diragala kwa Sudan]]. Otswa mo lelwapeng la sedumedi la morafe wa [[:en:Dinka_people|Dinka]]<ref>Singer, Olivia (January 15, 2018). "[https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/what-you-need-to-know-about-pradas-new-collection What You Need To Know About Prada's New Collection]". British Vogue. Retrieved September 22, 2026.</ref>. Fa ane ale dingwaga di le tharo fela, ba lelwapa la gagwe bane ba fudugela kwa [[:en:Manchester,_New_Hampshire|Manchester , mo New Hampshire]], kwa Amerika.<ref>Wootson Jr., Cleve R. (October 31, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ "A photographer unexpectedly snapped her picture at homecoming. Then, modeling agencies called"]. The Washington Post.</ref> Mmaagwe ke mooki, rraagwe o bereka mo setlamong sa [[:en:Easterseals_(U.S.)|Easter seals]], fa mogolowe wa mosetsana, Alim ele ene motlhokomedi le mogakolodi wa gagwe wa tsa madi<ref>Hayward, Mark (October 25, 2017). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ Plymouth State student a model of internet fame after Instagram post] - New Hampshire</ref>. Yai o alogile mo sekolong se segolwane sa [[:en:Manchester_High_School_West|Manchester High West]] , mme a tsena kwa [[:en:Plymouth_State_University|Plymouth State University]] go ithutela biochemistry , maikaelelo ele go nna ngaka.<ref> "[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anok-yai-viral-photos-modeling-agencies-plymouth-new-hampshire/ Modeling agencies reach out to woman featured in viral photos"]. CBS News. Associated Press. October 30, 2017</ref><ref>Heyward, Jasmine (November 11, 2017). "[https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2017/11/11/new-hampshire-college-student-signs-with-modeling-agency-after-viral-instagram-photo/ New Hampshire college student signs with modeling agency after viral Instagram photo".] [[:en:Boston.com|Boston.com.]]</ref> == Tiro == Yai o simolotse go itsagale ka kgwedi ya Diphalane, ngwaga wa ketepedi, lesome le bosupa, ka beke ya go ipaakanyetsa tshimologo ya sekole kwa [[:en:Howard_University|Howard University]] fa mokapa ditshwantsho wa tlhwatlhwa wa Steve ' the Sunk Hall a mo kopa go itsaa senepe leene. Ditlamo ka go farologana tsa bo mmabontle , go akaretsa [[:en:IMG_(company)#IMG_Models|IMG Models]] ba me ba kopa jalo go itshwaraganya le ene. One a manega senepe kana setshwantsho se mo leboteng la [[:en:Instagram|Instagram]], mme sa kgatlhegelwa ke batho ba feta dikete dile masome a mabedi (20,000). O ne a tlhopha jalo go tsena mo tumalanong le setlamo sa [[:en:Jean-Luc_Brunel|Next Model Management]], seo se neng se sa tswa go leka go ikgolaganya le ene makgetho a le mmalwa mo dibekeng tse di fitileng. Morago fela ga dikgwedi tse nne , one a nna jalo ene wa ntlha mmabontle wa letso la Sudan go simolola tshupetso ya diaparo ya [[:en:Prada|Prada]](Prada fashion Show). One gape a tlhagelela mo lenaneong la Prada SS 2028 le la [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]] leo le dirilweng ke [[:en:Riccardo_Tisci|Givenchy's Riccardo Tisci]]. Go bo ele ene a nnileng le monyetla wa go ribolola mmabontle wa ntlha wa letso le ntsho kana batho bantsho la Prada mo digwageng tse di masome mabedi, Yai one a bua jaana a raya Vogue; ''" '''Ene ele tlotlo mme ebile ke motlotlo go bo ele nna ke tlhophilweng go Bula kana go simolodisa, mme fela se, sesetona mo gonna. Gore ebo ele nna ke simolodisang setlamo se setona sa go supa mokgabo kana moaparo wa segompieno ke molaetsa fela ka bogone lefatshe ka kakaretso bogolo Jang go bo mme ba letso lentsho, gore bontle jwa bone ke selo seo se tshwanetseng go bonwa sa kgatlhegelwa "''''' == '''Metswedi''' == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 056sgezs7nzkjoll4o0d0tafztswvzc 55231 55230 2026-09-22T08:14:14Z VNGao 10152 /* Botshelo Jwa Pele */ 55231 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Anok Yai at Paco Rabanne Spring Summer 2020.jpg|thumb|Anok Yai ]] '''[[:en:Anok_Yai|Anok Yai]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa.) ke [[:en:Model_(person)#Fashion_modelling|mmabontle wa go supa mokgabo]] mo seraleng wa letso la Amerika . Ke mmabontle wa bobedi wa batho bantsho, morago ga [[:en:Naomi_Campbell|Naomi Campbell]], go simolola go supa mokgabo ya [[:en:Prada|Prada]] . One a tlhagelela makgeto a le mmalwa mo dikuranteng kana makwala dikgang tsa ''[[:en:Vogue_(magazine)|Vogue]]'', go akaretsa le American ''Vogue'' makgeto a le mararo. ''[[:en:Time_(magazine)|TIME]]'' e ne ya mo mmitsa mongwe wa batho ba le [[:en:Time_100|100 ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo lefatsheng]] ka ngwaga wa 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2026 |title=Anok Yai |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people/2026/anok-yai/ |website=TIME}}</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Pele == Yai o tsholetswe kwa toropo kgolo ya [[:en:Cairo|Egepeto]] ebong [[:en:Cairo|Cairo]], morago ga gore ba lelwapa la gagwe ba tshabe [[:en:Second_Sudanese_Civil_War#Foreign_interventions|dintwa tse di neng di diragala kwa Sudan]]. Otswa mo lelwapeng la sedumedi la morafe wa [[:en:Dinka_people|Dinka]]<ref>Singer, Olivia (January 15, 2018). "[https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/what-you-need-to-know-about-pradas-new-collection What You Need To Know About Prada's New Collection]". British Vogue. Retrieved September 22, 2026.</ref>. Fa ane ale dingwaga di le tharo fela, ba lelwapa la gagwe bane ba fudugela kwa [[:en:Manchester,_New_Hampshire|Manchester , mo New Hampshire]], kwa Amerika.<ref>Wootson Jr., Cleve R. (October 31, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ "A photographer unexpectedly snapped her picture at homecoming. Then, modeling agencies called"]. The Washington Post.</ref> Mmaagwe ke mooki, rraagwe o bereka mo setlamong sa [[:en:Easterseals_(U.S.)|Easter seals]], fa mogolowe wa mosetsana, Alim ele ene motlhokomedi le mogakolodi wa gagwe wa tsa madi<ref>Hayward, Mark (October 25, 2017). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ Plymouth State student a model of internet fame after Instagram post] - New Hampshire</ref>. Yai o alogile mo sekolong se segolwane sa [[:en:Manchester_High_School_West|Manchester High West]] , mme a tsena kwa [[:en:Plymouth_State_University|Plymouth State University]] go ithutela biochemistry , maikaelelo ele go nna ngaka.<ref> "[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anok-yai-viral-photos-modeling-agencies-plymouth-new-hampshire/ Modeling agencies reach out to woman featured in viral photos"]. CBS News. Associated Press. October 30, 2017</ref><ref>Heyward, Jasmine (November 11, 2017). "[https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2017/11/11/new-hampshire-college-student-signs-with-modeling-agency-after-viral-instagram-photo/ New Hampshire college student signs with modeling agency after viral Instagram photo".] [[:en:Boston.com|Boston.com.]]</ref> == Tiro == Yai o simolotse go itsagale ka kgwedi ya Diphalane, ngwaga wa ketepedi, lesome le bosupa, ka beke ya go ipaakanyetsa tshimologo ya sekole kwa [[:en:Howard_University|Howard University]] fa mokapa ditshwantsho wa tlhwatlhwa wa Steve ' the Sunk Hall a mo kopa go itsaa senepe leene. Ditlamo ka go farologana tsa bo mmabontle , go akaretsa [[:en:IMG_(company)#IMG_Models|IMG Models]] ba me ba kopa jalo go itshwaraganya le ene. One a manega senepe kana setshwantsho se mo leboteng la [[:en:Instagram|Instagram]], mme sa kgatlhegelwa ke batho ba feta dikete dile masome a mabedi (20,000). O ne a tlhopha jalo go tsena mo tumalanong le setlamo sa [[:en:Jean-Luc_Brunel|Next Model Management]], seo se neng se sa tswa go leka go ikgolaganya le ene makgetho a le mmalwa mo dibekeng tse di fitileng. Morago fela ga dikgwedi tse nne , one a nna jalo ene wa ntlha mmabontle wa letso la Sudan go simolola tshupetso ya diaparo ya [[:en:Prada|Prada]](Prada fashion Show). One gape a tlhagelela mo lenaneong la Prada SS 2028 le la [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]] leo le dirilweng ke [[:en:Riccardo_Tisci|Givenchy's Riccardo Tisci]]. Go bo ele ene a nnileng le monyetla wa go ribolola mmabontle wa ntlha wa letso le ntsho kana batho bantsho la Prada mo digwageng tse di masome mabedi, Yai one a bua jaana a raya Vogue; ''" '''Ene ele tlotlo mme ebile ke motlotlo go bo ele nna ke tlhophilweng go Bula kana go simolodisa, mme fela se, sesetona mo gonna. Gore ebo ele nna ke simolodisang setlamo se setona sa go supa mokgabo kana moaparo wa segompieno ke molaetsa fela ka bogone lefatshe ka kakaretso bogolo Jang go bo mme ba letso lentsho, gore bontle jwa bone ke selo seo se tshwanetseng go bonwa sa kgatlhegelwa "''''' Yai o tsamaile mo diraleng dile mmalwa go rekisa ditlamo kana maina a tshwana kana a akaretsa Versace, Max Mara, Fendi, Burberry, and Louis Vuitton. O tlhageletse gape mo papatso thekisong tsa Tiffany & Co., Nike, Hood by Air, le Ambush. Yai o tlhageletse mo dibukeng tsa tshupo moaparo le makwala khutshwe a Vogue ( go akaretsa makwala khutshwe ale mokawana a mafatshefatshe), W magazine, CR Fashion Book, AnOther, Dust, Purple, Harper's Bazaar, i-D, Self Service, V Magazine, Elle, Garage, Document Journal, Dazed, le Pop. == '''Metswedi''' == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 4z59ci9qgcdikllr0uewhlvsuofnr7u 55233 55231 2026-09-22T08:44:01Z VNGao 10152 55233 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Anok Yai at Paco Rabanne Spring Summer 2020.jpg|thumb|Anok Yai ]] '''[[:en:Anok_Yai|Anok Yai]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa.) ke [[:en:Model_(person)#Fashion_modelling|mmabontle wa go supa mokgabo]] mo seraleng wa letso la Amerika . Ke mmabontle wa bobedi wa batho bantsho, morago ga [[:en:Naomi_Campbell|Naomi Campbell]], go simolola go supa mokgabo ya [[:en:Prada|Prada]] . One a tlhagelela makgeto a le mmalwa mo dikuranteng kana makwala dikgang tsa ''[[:en:Vogue_(magazine)|Vogue]]'', go akaretsa le American ''Vogue'' makgeto a le mararo. ''[[:en:Time_(magazine)|TIME]]'' e ne ya mo mmitsa mongwe wa batho ba le [[:en:Time_100|100 ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo lefatsheng]] ka ngwaga wa 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2026 |title=Anok Yai |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people/2026/anok-yai/ |website=TIME}}</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Pele == Yai o tsholetswe kwa toropo kgolo ya [[:en:Cairo|Egepeto]] ebong [[:en:Cairo|Cairo]], morago ga gore ba lelwapa la gagwe ba tshabe [[:en:Second_Sudanese_Civil_War#Foreign_interventions|dintwa tse di neng di diragala kwa Sudan]]. Otswa mo lelwapeng la sedumedi la morafe wa [[:en:Dinka_people|Dinka]]<ref>Singer, Olivia (January 15, 2018). "[https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/what-you-need-to-know-about-pradas-new-collection What You Need To Know About Prada's New Collection]". British Vogue. Retrieved September 22, 2026.</ref>. Fa ane ale dingwaga di le tharo fela, ba lelwapa la gagwe bane ba fudugela kwa [[:en:Manchester,_New_Hampshire|Manchester , mo New Hampshire]], kwa Amerika.<ref>Wootson Jr., Cleve R. (October 31, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ "A photographer unexpectedly snapped her picture at homecoming. Then, modeling agencies called"]. The Washington Post.</ref> Mmaagwe ke mooki, rraagwe o bereka mo setlamong sa [[:en:Easterseals_(U.S.)|Easter seals]], fa mogolowe wa mosetsana, Alim ele ene motlhokomedi le mogakolodi wa gagwe wa tsa madi<ref>Hayward, Mark (October 25, 2017). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ Plymouth State student a model of internet fame after Instagram post] - New Hampshire</ref>. Yai o alogile mo sekolong se segolwane sa [[:en:Manchester_High_School_West|Manchester High West]] , mme a tsena kwa [[:en:Plymouth_State_University|Plymouth State University]] go ithutela biochemistry , maikaelelo ele go nna ngaka.<ref> "[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anok-yai-viral-photos-modeling-agencies-plymouth-new-hampshire/ Modeling agencies reach out to woman featured in viral photos"]. CBS News. Associated Press. October 30, 2017</ref><ref>Heyward, Jasmine (November 11, 2017). "[https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2017/11/11/new-hampshire-college-student-signs-with-modeling-agency-after-viral-instagram-photo/ New Hampshire college student signs with modeling agency after viral Instagram photo".] [[:en:Boston.com|Boston.com.]]</ref> == Tiro == Yai o simolotse go itsagale ka kgwedi ya Diphalane, ngwaga wa ketepedi, lesome le bosupa, ka beke ya go ipaakanyetsa tshimologo ya sekole kwa [[:en:Howard_University|Howard University]] fa mokapa ditshwantsho wa tlhwatlhwa wa Steve ' the Sunk Hall a mo kopa go itsaa senepe leene. Ditlamo ka go farologana tsa bo mmabontle , go akaretsa [[:en:IMG_(company)#IMG_Models|IMG Models]] ba me ba kopa jalo go itshwaraganya le ene. One a manega senepe kana setshwantsho se mo leboteng la [[:en:Instagram|Instagram]], mme sa kgatlhegelwa ke batho ba feta dikete dile masome a mabedi (20,000). O ne a tlhopha jalo go tsena mo tumalanong le setlamo sa [[:en:Jean-Luc_Brunel|Next Model Management]], seo se neng se sa tswa go leka go ikgolaganya le ene makgetho a le mmalwa mo dibekeng tse di fitileng. Morago fela ga dikgwedi tse nne , one a nna jalo ene wa ntlha mmabontle wa letso la Sudan go simolola tshupetso ya diaparo ya [[:en:Prada|Prada]](Prada fashion Show). One gape a tlhagelela mo lenaneong la Prada SS 2028 le la [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]] leo le dirilweng ke [[:en:Riccardo_Tisci|Givenchy's Riccardo Tisci]]. Go bo ele ene a nnileng le monyetla wa go ribolola mmabontle wa ntlha wa letso le ntsho kana batho bantsho la Prada mo digwageng tse di masome mabedi, Yai one a bua jaana a raya Vogue; ''" '''Ene ele tlotlo mme ebile ke motlotlo go bo ele nna ke tlhophilweng go Bula kana go simolodisa, mme fela se, sesetona mo gonna. Gore ebo ele nna ke simolodisang setlamo se setona sa go supa mokgabo kana moaparo wa segompieno ke molaetsa fela ka bogone lefatshe ka kakaretso bogolo Jang go bo mme ba letso lentsho, gore bontle jwa bone ke selo seo se tshwanetseng go bonwa sa kgatlhegelwa "''''' Yai o tsamaile mo diraleng dile mmalwa go rekisa ditlamo kana maina a tshwana kana a akaretsa [[:en:Versace|Versace]], [[:en:Max_Mara|Max Mara]], [[:en:Fendi|Fendi]], [[:en:Burberry|Burberry]], le [[:en:Louis_Vuitton|Louis Vuitton]]. O tlhageletse gape mo papatso thekisong tsa [[:en:Tiffany_&_Co.|Tiffany & Co]]., [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]], [[:en:Hood_By_Air|Hood by Air,]] le [[:en:Hood_By_Air|Ambush]]. Yai o tlhageletse mo dibukeng tsa tshupo moaparo le makwala khutshwe a Vogue ( go akaretsa makwala khutshwe ale mokawana a mafatshefatshe), W magazine, CR Fashion Book, AnOther, Dust, Purple, Harper's Bazaar, i-D, Self Service, V Magazine, Elle, Garage, Document Journal, Dazed, le Pop. == '''Metswedi''' == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] su0sou3yijs8km133d4nkey3qgc7sv2 55234 55233 2026-09-22T08:51:58Z VNGao 10152 55234 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Anok Yai at Paco Rabanne Spring Summer 2020.jpg|thumb|Anok Yai ]] '''[[:en:Anok_Yai|Anok Yai]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa.) ke [[:en:Model_(person)#Fashion_modelling|mmabontle wa go supa mokgabo]] mo seraleng wa letso la Amerika . Ke mmabontle wa bobedi wa batho bantsho, morago ga [[:en:Naomi_Campbell|Naomi Campbell]], go simolola go supa mokgabo ya [[:en:Prada|Prada]] . One a tlhagelela makgeto a le mmalwa mo dikuranteng kana makwala dikgang tsa ''[[:en:Vogue_(magazine)|Vogue]]'', go akaretsa le American ''Vogue'' makgeto a le mararo. ''[[:en:Time_(magazine)|TIME]]'' e ne ya mo mmitsa mongwe wa batho ba le [[:en:Time_100|100 ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo lefatsheng]] ka ngwaga wa 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2026 |title=Anok Yai |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people/2026/anok-yai/ |website=TIME}}</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Pele == Yai o tsholetswe kwa toropo kgolo ya [[:en:Cairo|Egepeto]] ebong [[:en:Cairo|Cairo]], morago ga gore ba lelwapa la gagwe ba tshabe [[:en:Second_Sudanese_Civil_War#Foreign_interventions|dintwa tse di neng di diragala kwa Sudan]]. Otswa mo lelwapeng la sedumedi la morafe wa [[:en:Dinka_people|Dinka]]<ref>Singer, Olivia (January 15, 2018). "[https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/what-you-need-to-know-about-pradas-new-collection What You Need To Know About Prada's New Collection]". British Vogue. Retrieved September 22, 2026.</ref>. Fa ane ale dingwaga di le tharo fela, ba lelwapa la gagwe bane ba fudugela kwa [[:en:Manchester,_New_Hampshire|Manchester , mo New Hampshire]], kwa Amerika.<ref>Wootson Jr., Cleve R. (October 31, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ "A photographer unexpectedly snapped her picture at homecoming. Then, modeling agencies called"]. The Washington Post.</ref> Mmaagwe ke mooki, rraagwe o bereka mo setlamong sa [[:en:Easterseals_(U.S.)|Easter seals]], fa mogolowe wa mosetsana, Alim ele ene motlhokomedi le mogakolodi wa gagwe wa tsa madi<ref>Hayward, Mark (October 25, 2017). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/31/a-photographer-unexpectedly-snapped-her-picture-at-homecoming-then-modeling-agencies-called/ Plymouth State student a model of internet fame after Instagram post] - New Hampshire</ref>. Yai o alogile mo sekolong se segolwane sa [[:en:Manchester_High_School_West|Manchester High West]] , mme a tsena kwa [[:en:Plymouth_State_University|Plymouth State University]] go ithutela biochemistry , maikaelelo ele go nna ngaka.<ref> "[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anok-yai-viral-photos-modeling-agencies-plymouth-new-hampshire/ Modeling agencies reach out to woman featured in viral photos"]. CBS News. Associated Press. October 30, 2017</ref><ref>Heyward, Jasmine (November 11, 2017). "[https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2017/11/11/new-hampshire-college-student-signs-with-modeling-agency-after-viral-instagram-photo/ New Hampshire college student signs with modeling agency after viral Instagram photo".] [[:en:Boston.com|Boston.com.]]</ref> == Tiro == Yai o simolotse go itsagale ka kgwedi ya Diphalane, ngwaga wa ketepedi, lesome le bosupa, ka beke ya go ipaakanyetsa tshimologo ya sekole kwa [[:en:Howard_University|Howard University]] fa mokapa ditshwantsho wa tlhwatlhwa wa Steve ' the Sunk Hall a mo kopa go itsaa senepe leene. Ditlamo ka go farologana tsa bo mmabontle , go akaretsa [[:en:IMG_(company)#IMG_Models|IMG Models]] ba me ba kopa jalo go itshwaraganya le ene. One a manega senepe kana setshwantsho se mo leboteng la [[:en:Instagram|Instagram]], mme sa kgatlhegelwa ke batho ba feta dikete dile masome a mabedi (20,000). O ne a tlhopha jalo go tsena mo tumalanong le setlamo sa [[:en:Jean-Luc_Brunel|Next Model Management]], seo se neng se sa tswa go leka go ikgolaganya le ene makgetho a le mmalwa mo dibekeng tse di fitileng. Morago fela ga dikgwedi tse nne , one a nna jalo ene wa ntlha mmabontle wa letso la Sudan go simolola tshupetso ya diaparo ya [[:en:Prada|Prada]](Prada fashion Show). One gape a tlhagelela mo lenaneong la Prada SS 2028 le la [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]] leo le dirilweng ke [[:en:Riccardo_Tisci|Givenchy's Riccardo Tisci]]. Go bo ele ene a nnileng le monyetla wa go ribolola mmabontle wa ntlha wa letso le ntsho kana batho bantsho la Prada mo digwageng tse di masome mabedi, Yai one a bua jaana a raya Vogue; ''" '''Ene ele tlotlo mme ebile ke motlotlo go bo ele nna ke tlhophilweng go Bula kana go simolodisa, mme fela se, sesetona mo gonna. Gore ebo ele nna ke simolodisang setlamo se setona sa go supa mokgabo kana moaparo wa segompieno ke molaetsa fela ka bogone lefatshe ka kakaretso bogolo Jang go bo mme ba letso lentsho, gore bontle jwa bone ke selo seo se tshwanetseng go bonwa sa kgatlhegelwa "''''' Yai o tsamaile mo diraleng dile mmalwa go rekisa ditlamo kana maina a tshwana kana a akaretsa [[:en:Versace|Versace]], [[:en:Max_Mara|Max Mara]], [[:en:Fendi|Fendi]], [[:en:Burberry|Burberry]], le [[:en:Louis_Vuitton|Louis Vuitton]]. O tlhageletse gape mo papatso thekisong tsa [[:en:Tiffany_&_Co.|Tiffany & Co]]., [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]], [[:en:Hood_By_Air|Hood by Air,]] le [[:en:Hood_By_Air|Ambush]]. Yai o tlhageletse mo dibukeng tsa tshupo moaparo le makwala khutshwe a Vogue ( go akaretsa makwala khutshwe ale mokawana a mafatshefatshe), [[:en:W_(magazine)|W magazine]], [[:en:Carine_Roitfeld|CR Fashion Book]], AnOther, Dust, [[:en:Purple_(magazine)|Purple]], [[:en:Harper's_Bazaar|Harper's Bazaar]], i-D, Self Service, V [[:en:V_(American_magazine)|Magazine]], Elle, Garage, [[:en:Document_Journal|Document Journal]], [[:en:Dazed|Dazed]], le [[:en:Pop_Magazine|Pop]]. == '''Metswedi''' == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 8ti1kj9jx6rrjwgnyojiwssw0nmk1fv 0 14998 55235 54688 2026-09-22T08:58:35Z VNGao 10152 /* Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto */ 55235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Andrea R Canaan|birth_date=1950|birth_place=New Orleans, Louisana, [[United States]]|other names=Andrea Ruth Canaan Andrea Ruth Ransom Canaan|education=Tulane University University of San Francisco|occupation=Mokwadi|known for=Go lwela ditshwanelo|notable works=Buka ya Browness in This Bridge Called My Back ya ngwaga wa 1981|website=andreacanaan.wordpress.com}} '''Andrea R. Canaan''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano) ke mokwadi, sebui, morulaganyi wa setshaba, mmoki le [[:en:Black_feminism|molwela ditshwanelo wa mmala o montsho.]] == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Canaan o tsholetswe kwa New Orleans, Louisana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabaongwe le masome a matlhano. O godiseditswe mo setshabeng se se utlwanang thata sa go lwela ditshwanelo le bodumedi.<ref name=":0">Moraga, Cherríe; Anzaldúa, Gloria, eds. (2015). ''This Bridge Called My Back, Fourth Edition: Writings by Radical Women of Color''. State University of New York Press. pp.&nbsp;232–238, 268. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1438454382|978-1438454382]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/894128432 894128432.]</ref> Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi, Canaan o ne a dirisiwa dikgoka mo go tsa thobalano ke moruti wa kereke ya Methodist, mme gape a bogisiwa ke morutabana wa mme kwa motlaaganeng wa kereke.<ref name=":1">Crawford, Anna Elaine Brown (January 1, 2002). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=3Kb6s4xNytEC&q=%22Andrea+Canaan%22&pg=PA79&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=%22Andrea%20Canaan%22&f=false Hope in the Holler: A Womanist Theology]''. Westminster John Knox Press. pp.&nbsp;79, 85. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780664222543|<bdi>9780664222543</bdi>.]]</ref> Canaan o supile fa maagwe a ne a itse ka pogiso e, mme a seka a dira sepe go mo thusa.<ref name=":1" /> Canaan o buile ka pogiso e mo tirong ya gagwe ka go ama ditlhogo tsa pogiso ya sedumedi ya baeteledipele.<ref name=":1" /> Canaan o na le dithuto tsa M.S.W go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Tulane, le M.F.A mo go tsa dipolelo tse di itlhametsweng go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of San Francisco.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi, o ne a aloga ka M.F.A ya gagwe ya bobedi ya dipolelo tse di itlhametsweng kwa sekolong sa Goddard College kwa Vermont.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171107031510/https://andreacanaan.wordpress.com/about/ "About".] ''Black Magnolias''. April 11, 2015. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabaonwge le masome a robabaobedi, Canaan o ne a bereka e le mookamedi wa lephata la bomme le tsa pereko le le thusang go fa bomme ditiro tse e seng tsa tlwaelesego. == Tsa pereko == Lorato lwa botlhami lwa ga Canaan ke go itekanela o le motho, phetogo ya ditlhong go nna kgothatso mo go ene le mo matshelong a basadi ba bangwe ba mmala o montsho.<ref name=":1" /> Tiro ya gagwe e lebelela ditlhogo tsa bomme ba bantsho, tiriso dikgoka mo go tsa tlhakanelo dikobo, gore motho ke mang le botsalano gareng ga bomme ba mmala o montsho.<ref>Quashie, Kevin Everod (2004). ''[[iarchive:blackwomenidenti0000quas|Black Women, Identity, and Cultural Theory: (un)becoming the Subject]]''. Rutgers University Press. pp.&nbsp;[[iarchive:blackwomenidenti0000quas/page/17|17]]–18. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780813533674|9780813533674]]</bdi>. <q>andrea r canaan black women identity.</q></ref><ref>Bell, Linda A. (2012). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=dj26NB2H-2EC&q=Canaan&pg=PA231&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Canaan&f=false Beyond the Margins: Reflections of a Feminist Philosopher]''. SUNY Press. p.&nbsp;102. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780791486016|<bdi>9780791486016</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>Berger, Michele Tracy; Guidroz, Kathleen (January 1, 2010). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=xv46tpxONoQC&q=%22Andrea+Canaan%22&pg=PA85&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=%22Andrea%20Canaan%22&f=false The Intersectional Approach: Transforming the Academy through Race, Class, and Gende]r''. Univ of North Carolina Press. p.&nbsp;83. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780807895566|978080789556]]6</bdi>.</ref> == Dipadi == * ''This Bridge Called My Back''<ref>Faulkner, Mara (1993). ''[[iarchive:protestpossibili0000faul|Protest and Possibility in the Writing of Tillie Olsen]]''. University of Virginia Press. pp.[[iarchive:protestpossibili0000faul/page/106|&nbsp;106]]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780813914176|<bdi>9780813914176</bdi>.]] <q>Andrea Canaan.</q></ref> * ''The Salt Box House on Bayou Black'' === Dikgaolo tsa dibuka === * Canaan, Adrea (1994), "I call up names: facing childhood sexula abuse", in White, Evelyn C. (ed), The BlAck women's health book, Seattle: Seal Press, pp. 78-81, ISBN 9781878067401. == Metswedi == 67mci8sy4zh54h9dr4xlpvpkdug6a72 55236 55235 2026-09-22T09:05:38Z VNGao 10152 55236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Andrea R Canaan|birth_date=1950|birth_place=New Orleans, Louisana, [[United States]]|other names=Andrea Ruth Canaan Andrea Ruth Ransom Canaan|education=Tulane University University of San Francisco|occupation=Mokwadi|known for=Go lwela ditshwanelo|notable works=Buka ya Browness in This Bridge Called My Back ya ngwaga wa 1981|website=andreacanaan.wordpress.com}} '''[[:en:Andrea_R._Canaan|Andrea R. Canaan]]''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano) ke mokwadi, sebui, morulaganyi wa setshaba, mmoki le [[:en:Black_feminism|molwela ditshwanelo wa mmala o montsho.]] == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Canaan o tsholetswe kwa [[:en:New_Orleans|New Orleans]], Louisana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabaongwe le masome a matlhano. O godiseditswe mo setshabeng se se utlwanang thata sa go lwela ditshwanelo le bodumedi.<ref name=":0">Moraga, Cherríe; Anzaldúa, Gloria, eds. (2015). ''This Bridge Called My Back, Fourth Edition: Writings by Radical Women of Color''. State University of New York Press. pp.&nbsp;232–238, 268. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1438454382|978-1438454382]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/894128432 894128432.]</ref> Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi, Canaan o ne a dirisiwa dikgoka mo go tsa thobalano ke moruti wa kereke ya Methodist, mme gape a bogisiwa ke morutabana wa mme kwa motlaaganeng wa kereke.<ref name=":1">Crawford, Anna Elaine Brown (January 1, 2002). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=3Kb6s4xNytEC&q=%22Andrea+Canaan%22&pg=PA79&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=%22Andrea%20Canaan%22&f=false Hope in the Holler: A Womanist Theology]''. Westminster John Knox Press. pp.&nbsp;79, 85. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780664222543|<bdi>9780664222543</bdi>.]]</ref> Canaan o supile fa maagwe a ne a itse ka pogiso e, mme a seka a dira sepe go mo thusa.<ref name=":1" /> Canaan o buile ka pogiso e mo tirong ya gagwe ka go ama ditlhogo tsa pogiso ya sedumedi ya baeteledipele.<ref name=":1" /> Canaan o na le dithuto tsa [[:en:Master_of_Social_Work|M.S.W]] go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa [[:en:Tulane_University|University of Tulane]], le M.F.A mo go tsa dipolelo tse di itlhametsweng go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa [[:en:University_of_San_Francisco|University of San Francisco]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi, o ne a aloga ka [[:en:Master_of_Fine_Arts|M.F.A]] ya gagwe ya bobedi ya dipolelo tse di itlhametsweng kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Goddard_College|Goddard College]] kwa Vermont.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171107031510/https://andreacanaan.wordpress.com/about/ "About".] ''Black Magnolias''. April 11, 2015. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabaonwge le masome a robabaobedi, Canaan o ne a bereka e le mookamedi wa lephata la bomme le tsa pereko le le thusang go fa bomme ditiro tse e seng tsa tlwaelesego. == Tsa pereko == Lorato lwa botlhami lwa ga Canaan ke go itekanela o le motho, phetogo ya ditlhong go nna kgothatso mo go ene le mo matshelong a basadi ba bangwe ba mmala o montsho.<ref name=":1" /> Tiro ya gagwe e lebelela ditlhogo tsa bomme ba bantsho, tiriso [[:en:Sexual_abuse|dikgoka mo go tsa tlhakanelo dikobo]], gore motho ke mang le [[:en:Friendship|botsalano]] gareng ga [[:en:Black_women|bomme ba mmala o montsho]].<ref>Quashie, Kevin Everod (2004). ''[[iarchive:blackwomenidenti0000quas|Black Women, Identity, and Cultural Theory: (un)becoming the Subject]]''. Rutgers University Press. pp.&nbsp;[[iarchive:blackwomenidenti0000quas/page/17|17]]–18. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780813533674|9780813533674]]</bdi>. <q>andrea r canaan black women identity.</q></ref><ref>Bell, Linda A. (2012). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=dj26NB2H-2EC&q=Canaan&pg=PA231&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Canaan&f=false Beyond the Margins: Reflections of a Feminist Philosopher]''. SUNY Press. p.&nbsp;102. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780791486016|<bdi>9780791486016</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>Berger, Michele Tracy; Guidroz, Kathleen (January 1, 2010). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=xv46tpxONoQC&q=%22Andrea+Canaan%22&pg=PA85&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=%22Andrea%20Canaan%22&f=false The Intersectional Approach: Transforming the Academy through Race, Class, and Gende]r''. Univ of North Carolina Press. p.&nbsp;83. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780807895566|978080789556]]6</bdi>.</ref> == Dipadi == * ''This Bridge Called My Back''<ref>Faulkner, Mara (1993). ''[[iarchive:protestpossibili0000faul|Protest and Possibility in the Writing of Tillie Olsen]]''. University of Virginia Press. pp.[[iarchive:protestpossibili0000faul/page/106|&nbsp;106]]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780813914176|<bdi>9780813914176</bdi>.]] <q>Andrea Canaan.</q></ref> * ''The Salt Box House on Bayou Black'' === Dikgaolo tsa dibuka === * Canaan, Adrea (1994), "I call up names: facing childhood sexula abuse", in White, Evelyn C. (ed), The BlAck women's health book, Seattle: Seal Press, pp. 78-81, ISBN 9781878067401. == Metswedi == kb57npcbvrj6kdv4cjf9mvw28t2z4av 0 15001 55179 54790 2026-09-21T14:21:41Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya ga Moremi Ajasoro #BLT2026 55179 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moremi Ajasoro''' e ne e le mohumagadi o a neng a tumile thata wa lotso lwa Yoruba kwa kgaolong ya yorubaland kwa e leng borwa-bophirima jwa lefatshe la [[Nigeria]] gompieno, o a neng a na le seabe se segolo mo kgololesegong ya bogosi jwa Yoruba jwa Ife go tswa mo bogosing jo bo mabapi jwa Ugbo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190514064551/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/myths-and-legends-did-you-know-about-the-courageous-queen-moremi-whose-statue-is-the/hr4llg4 "Did you know about the courageous Queen Moremi whose statue is the tallest in Nigeria?".] ''Pulse Nigeria''. 2018-08-07. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Moremi Ajasoro statue.jpg|thumb|Sefikantswe sa ga Moremi Ajasoro, kwa kgaolong ya Osun, kwa Nigeria]] Moremi o ne a nyetswe ke Oranmiyan, morwa Oduduwa, kgosi wa ntlha wa Ile-Ife.<ref>Suzanne Preston Blier. [https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/blier/files/blier.pdf "Art in Ancient Ife, Birthplace of the Yoruba"] (PDF). Harvard University. p.&nbsp;83. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref><ref name=":0">Dele Layiwola (1991). [https://escholarship.org/content/qt4x1824zj/qt4x1824zj.pdf "The Radical Alternative and the Dilemma of the Intellectual Dramatist in Nigeria"] (PDF). ''Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies'': 67–68. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref><ref>Segun Thomas Ajayi (2007). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=IuDyAAAAMAAJ&q=Moremi+Yoruba+princess&redir_esc=y ''Moremi, the Courageous Queen''.] Indiana University (Publications Limited). [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/978-9-788-1250-75|&nbsp;<bdi>978-9-788-1250-75</bdi>.]]</ref> == Ditso tsa ga mohumagadi Moremi Ajasoro le Ile-Ife == Mohumagadi Moremi o ne a tshela ka sedikadike sa dingwaga di le makgolo a le lesome le bobedi,<ref>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/directory/departments-offices-centers/music/queen-moremi-folk-opera "Queen Moremi Folk Opera".] Mount Holyoke College. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref><ref name=":0" /> a tswa kwa kgaolong ya Offa, toropo ya kwa e leng Kwara gompieno<ref>Oliver Alozie Onwubiko (1988). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=lnYyAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y Wisdom Lectures on African Thought and Culture]''. Totan Publishers Limited (University of California). p.&nbsp;64. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>9[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-9-782-4495-35|78-9-782-4495-35]]</bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-9-782-4495-35|.]]</ref>, a nyetswe ke Oranyan, mojaboswa wa ga kgosi wa Ife gape e le morwa motlhami wa batho ba morafe wa Yoruba, Oduduwa.<ref>Mary Ebun Modupe Kolawole (1997). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=9T_Yt3WAizkC&pg=PA59&redir_esc=y Womanism and African Consciousness]''. Africa World Press. p.&nbsp;59. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780865435414|<bdi>9780865435414</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>[https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/%5b%5bfood%5d%5d-travel/myths-and-legends-did-you-know-about-the-courageous-queen-moremi-whose-statue-is-the/hr4llg4 "Did you know about the courageous Queen Moremi whose statue is the tallest in Nigeria?".] ''[[:en:Pulse_Africa|Pulse Nigeria]]''. 2018-08-07. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Ile-Ife e ne e le bogosi bo go bolelwang bo ne bo lwantshana le setlhopha se se mabapi se se neng se itsege e le batho ba sekgwa, kgotsa Ugbo ka puo ya Yoruba. Palo e ntsi ya batho ba Ife ba ne ba ntshitswe makgoba ke batho ba, mme ka ntlha ya se ba ne ba lebiwa ka letlhoo ke morafe wa pele wa Ife. Le ntswa batho ba Ile-Ife ba ne ba shakgetse ka ditlhaselomtse, ba ne ba sena tse ba ka iphemelang ka tsone. Se ke ka ntlha ya gore batlhasedi ba ne ba bonwa e le mewa ke batho ba Ife, ba itshupa ba iphitlhile ka matlhare. Mohumagadi Moremi o ne a le pelokgale ebile e le mosadi o montle o gore a kgone go rarabolola bothata bo bo lebaneng batho ba gagwe a neng a ntsha setlhabelo se setona a se ntshetsa mowa wa noka ya Esimirin gore a kgone go lemoga maatla a baba ba gagwe.<ref>[https://tribuneonlineng.com/remembering-moremi-ajasoro/ "Remembering Moremi Ajasoro"]. [[:en:Nigerian_Tribune|''Nigerian Tribune''.]] 2021-09-26. Retrieved 21 September 2026</ref><ref>Nwakunor, Gregory (2019-05-05[https://guardian.ng/art/hope-betrayal-and-woman-in-moremi-the-musical/ ). "Hope, betrayal and woman in 'Moremi The Musical'".] ''[[:en:The_Guardian_(Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 21 September 2026</ref> Morago ga ditlhaselo tse di sa emeng kwa kgaolong ya Ife, o ne a tsaya kgato ya bogaka ya go ineela gore batlhasedi batseye ene. O ne a tsewa e ke lekgoba ke ba Ugbo, mme ka ntlha ya bontle jwa gagwe le thuso ya ga Esmirin, o ne a nyalwa ke moeteledipele wa bone go nna mohumagadi wa gagwe o o tloditsweng. Morago ga go itse ka diphiri tsa sesole sa monna wa gagwe o mosha, o ne a tshaba go ya Ile-Ife a bolelela ba morafe wa Yoruba diphiri tse, ba ba neng ba kgona go ba fenya mo ntweng ba dirisa matlhale a a neng a ba a boleletse.<ref>anu oluwapo (2003). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=w3CR1m0SZnkC&pg=PA29&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Women in the Yoruba Religious Sphere (McGill Studies in the History of Religions)''.] SUNY Press. p.&nbsp;29. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-791-4588-53|<bdi>978-0-791-4588-53</bdi>.]]</ref> Morago ga ntwa o ne a boela kwa monneng wa gagwe wa ntlha, ebong Kgosi Oramiyan wa Ife (morago Oyo), o a neng a mmusetsa mo maemong a gagwe a go nna mohumagadi. Moremi o ne a boela kwa nokeng ya Esimirin go diragatsa maitlamo a gagwe. Noka e ne ya gwetlha gore a ntshe morwae o o nosi Oluorogbo e le setlhabelo. Moremi o ne a seka a kgona go dumalana le se, ka jalo a kopa modimo go tsaya setlhabelo se seng setlhogo thata. Kwa phelelong, le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a diragatsa se a neng a se tshepisitse a duela topo. Go neela Oluorogbo modimo wa noka go ne ga utlusa Moremi le bogosi jotlhe botlhoko. Batho ba Ife ba ne ba gomotsa mohumagadi Moremi ka gore ba tlaa nna bana ba gagwe go ya go ileng go emisetsa ngwana o o mo latlhegetseng - tsholofetso e ba e tshegeditseng go tsena gompieno. == Boswa == [[Setshwantsho:A cultural act or play about Moremi Ajasoro.jpg|thumb|Modiragatsi a apere jaaka moremi mo motshamekong wa ngwao]] Moletlo wa Edi o ne a wa simolodisiwa moragonyana fela ga loso lwa ga Moremi go ipelela setlhabelo se a se diretseng batho ba morafe wa Yoruba. Malobanyana, go ne ga gatisiwa setshwantsho sa lorato, tumelo, tlotla le setlhabelo se se bidiwang Queen Moremi: The Musical. Mafelo a le mmalwa a reeletswe ka ene kwa kgaolong ya gompieno ya morafe wa Yoruba kwa Nigeria, jaaka sekolo se segolwane sa Moremi le ntlo lohalahala e e nniwang ke basetsana kwa sekolong sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Lagos le sa Obafemi Awolowo University. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa, Oba Ogunwusi, kgosi ya Ile-Ife, o ne a aga sehikantswe sa ga Moremi kwa ntlong ya gagwe ya bogosi. Sehikantswe se, ke sone se se goletseng kwa godimo thata kwa [[Nigeria]], se emisetsa sa Owerri, toropokgolo ya Imo. Ke sone sa bone ka boleele mo [[Aforika]]. <ref>Bodunrin, Sola (2018-05-31). [https://www.legit.ng/1172653-the-story-ile-ifes-unforgettable-female-legend-moremi-ajasoro.html "Moremi Ajasoro: The woman who used her beauty to save her people where men failed".] ''Legit.ng''. Retrieved 21 September 2026</ref>Motlhokomedi ebile e le moruti wa tempele ya Moremi Ajasoro ke Oba Isoro Sunday Oluwagbeileke Obisanya Owa Yekere wa Ife. == Mo dikwalong le metswedi ya dikgang == [[Setshwantsho:Oba Isoro Sunday Oluwagbeileke Obisanya Owa Yekere, Moremi Ajasoro Custodian and Chief Priest 01.jpg|thumb|110x110px|Oba Isoro Sunday Oluwagbeileke Obisanya Owa Yekere, motlhokomedi gaoe e le moruti wa tempele ya Moremi Ajasoro]] Polelo ya ga moremi e rotloeditse bontsi jwa metshameko le dikwalo. Nngwe ya dikwalo tse di pharologanyo ke ya ditshwantsho e e bidiwang "Moremi: An African Legend" mo motseletseleng wa African Legend. E gatisitswe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le motso go dirisiwa puo ya French go kgatlhisa banana. Bontlha jwa Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire bo bo filweng setlhogo sa "Moremi" bo ikaegile ka polelo e, bo emetse phelelo e e kgothatsang ya polelo ya pele. Moremi o supiwa e le mma maranyane o a neng a patelediwa go dirisa morwae Olu, e le khutswafatso ya Oluorogbo, go nna motswedi wa maatla go tshosa dibopiwa tse di borai tse di neng di nna mo lefatsheng leo. Se se ne sa baka go tlhamiwa ga Luo, mowa o o neng o sa bue. Moremi o falodisa Luo, a leka go mmusetsa mo mmeleng wa gagwe. Ka go dira jlo, dibopiwa di fentswe, Moremi a boelane le morwae. [[Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi]], molwela ditshwanelo tsa basadi, o ne a kwala polelo ka Moremi Ajasoro.<ref>punchng (2017-11-29). "[https://punchng.com/for-adeleye-fayemi-time-for-loud-whispers/ For Adeleye-Fayemi, time for Loud Whispers]". [[:en:The_Punch|''The Punch''.]] Retrieved 2024-06-21.</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Ditso tsa morafe wa Ife tsa pele]] * [[Ditso tsa morafe wa Ugbo]] == Metswedi == dc1qexitw88iuo78o3jii9hnbt5rn9j 0 15010 55214 54726 2026-09-22T03:38:04Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anita Cornwell''' yoo tshedileng go simolola ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi ale masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1923 go fitlha kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi ale masome mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2023, e ne e le mokwadi wa basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong wa ko Amerika. Ka ngwaga wa 1983, o ne a kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa ntlha tsa motho montsho wako Amerika yoo ratanang ka bong, Motho montsho yoo ratanang ka bong ''kwa Amerika wa batho basweu'' . <ref name="Nickels">{{Cite book |last=Nickels |first=Thom |year=2002 |title=Gay and lesbian Philadelphia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TapnuOUmXo8C&pg=PA74 |publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]] |isbn=0-7385-1000-9 |location= |pages=74 |doi= |id=}} </ref> Cornwell o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi ale masome mabedi le boraro, ka ngwaga wa 1923, kwa Greenwood, go tswa mo borwa jwa Carolina, <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite book |last=Angela Bowen |year=2000 |title=Lesbian Histories and Cultures: an Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0EUoCrFolGcC&pg=PA203 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=0-8153-1920-7 |editor-last=Bonnie Zimmerman |location= |pages=203–204 |doi= |id=}}</ref> Cornwell o ne a fudugela kwa Pennsylvania a le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro, a nna pele kwa Yeadon le mmangwaneagwe, morago a nna le mmaagwe, <ref name="Zimmerman" /> yo o neng a fudugela kwa bokone fa Cornwell a le dingwaga dile lesome le boferabobedi. Cornwell o ne a na le motsalwaleene ale mongwe wa rre yo motona. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Anita Cornwell, October 6, 1993 · Philadelphia LGBT History Project · OutHistory.org: It's About Time |url=http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/philadelphia-lgbt-interviews/interviews/cornwell |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603010526/http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/philadelphia-lgbt-interviews/interviews/cornwell |archive-date=June 3, 2019 |access-date=November 21, 2019 |website=outhistory.org}}</ref> O ne a aloga kwa mmadikolo ebong Temple University ka dithuto tsa B. S. mo go tsa bobegadikgang le maranyane a tsa loago ka ngwaga wa 1948. <ref name="Zimmerman" /> <ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=|pages=22}} </ref> O berekile ele mmegadikgang mo dikomponeng tsa dipampiri tsa dikgang ebong ''Philadelphia Tribune'' le <nowiki><i id="mwKw">The Philadelphia Evening Bulletin</i></nowiki> . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Brownworth |first=Victoria A. |date=2019-05-16 |title=The Road to Stonewall: Anita Cornwell |url=https://epgn.com/2019/05/16/the-road-to-stonewall-anita-cornwell/ |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=Philadelphia Gay News |language=en-US}}</ref> Gape e ne e le mokwaledi mo dikomponeng tsedi ikemetseng ka nosi le mo go tsaga goromente, jaaka Lefapha la Thuso ya Setšhaba la Philadelphia . <ref name="Zimmerman" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stein |first=Mark |date=6 October 1993 |title=Anita Cornwell (born 1923), Interviewed October 6, 1993 |url=https://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/philadelphia-lgbt-interviews/int/cornwell |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Outhistory}}</ref> Dikwalo tsa ntlha tsa ga Cornwell, tse di gatisitsweng mo pampiri ya ''The Ladder'' le ''ya The Negro Digest'' ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950, e ne e le dingwe tsa ntlha go lemoga mokwadi wa montsho yoo ratanang ka bong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Janet |title=Anita Cornwell: Remembrance of things present |url=http://www.amusejanetmason.com/Anita_Cornwell.htm}}</ref> Dikgatiso tse dingwe tse tiro ya gagwe e tlhageletseng mo go tsone di akaretsa ''Feminist Review'', ''Labyrinth'', ''National Leader'', ''Los Angeles Free Press, Azalea: Makasine wa Third World Lesbians,, le BLACK/OUT'' (e e gatisitsweng kwa Philadelphia ke mmoki Joe Beam ). <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brownworth |first=Victoria A. |date=2023-06-07 |title=Anita Cornwell, groundbreaking Black lesbian writer, dies at 99 |url=https://epgn.com/2023/06/07/anita-cornwell-groundbreaking-black-lesbian-writer-dies-at-99/ |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=Philadelphia Gay News |language=en-US}}</ref> E ne e le leloko la Daughters of Bilitis, gape e ne e le mosimolodi wa kgaolo ya Philadelphia ya Radicalesbians, setlhopha sa balwela ditshwanelo tsa basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong . <ref name=":1" /> Buka ya ntlha ya ga Cornwell ya ''Black Lesbian in White America e gatisitswe ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola gangwe ka ngwaga wa 1983'', e e akaretsang ditlhamo tsa gagwe le DIpotsolotso le molwela ditshwanelo Audre Lorde, e lemogiwa thata jaaka kokoanyo ya ntlha ya ditlhamo tsa mosadi yoo ratanang ka bong wa motho montsho yo montsho. Ketapele ya buka e kwadilwe ke mokwadi ka ene, mosadi wa motho montsho yoo ratanang ka bong yoo nnang ko America Becky Birtha, yo o tlhalosang ka botlalo tshekatsheko e e tseneletseng ya ga Cornwell ya kgatelelo ya letso le thobalano ee basadi baba ratanang ka bong ba lebaganeng le yone le gore go ka rarabololwa jang kgatelelo ya bong jo bo tshwanang. <ref name=":1" /> Cornwell o ne a botsolotsa bakwadi ba ba farologanyeng ba ba itsegeng ba batho bantsho, jaaka Pat Parker, Barbara Smith, le Audre Lorde . <ref name="Inquirer-Obit">{{Cite web |last=Feliciano Reyes |first=Juliana |date=5 June 2023 |title=Anita Cornwell, groundbreaking Black lesbian feminist writer, has died at 99 |url=https://www.inquirer.com/obituaries/anita-cornwell-dies-black-lesbian-feminist-essays-philadelphia-20230605.html |access-date=2023-06-05 |website=Inquirer.com |publisher=The Philadelphia Inquirer}}</ref> Bontsi jwa mekwalo ya gagwe e ne ya gatisiwa ka a ne a amogela dikwalo dile mmalwa tsedi neng dimo gana go tswa kwa go baba gatisang, baba neng a bolela gore tiro ya gagwe ga e tsamaisane le setshwantsho se go tweng dikgatiso di na le sone. <ref name="Inquirer-Obit" /> Dikwalo tsa ga Cornwell di ne tsa sekaseka megopolo ya go gatelela basadi, nako e telele pele ga mareo ao a tlhagelela mo thanoding ya dikwalo le ya loago . <ref name="Inquirer-Obit" /> Cornwell o ne a nna a ya kwa lefelong la basadi la mmadikolo wa Pennsylvania, mme gantsi o ne a bala tiro ya gagwe mo boagelong jwa ko mmadikolo, kwa William Way LDBT Community Center, mo phaposing ya ga Giovanni, le mafelo a mangwe mo Philadelphia. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> O ne a tlotliwa ke ba moletlo wa Annual Lambda Literary, o o neng o tshwaretswe kwa Philadelphia ka ngwaga wa 2000. <ref name="Nickels" /> Mo dingwageng tsa gagwe tsedi ko moragonyana, Cornwell o ne a tshwarwa ka bolwetse jwa go amega ga tlhaloganyo . <ref name=":1" /> O ne a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi ale masome mabedi le bosupa, ka ngwaga wa 2023, a le dingwaga di le masome aa ferabongwe le malatsi ale ferabongwe. <ref name="Inquirer-Obit" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=WRITER |first=James Jackson TRIBUNE STAFF |date=2023-06-05 |title=Anita Cornwell, lesbian author and activist, dies at 99 |url=https://www.phillytrib.com/obituaries/anita-cornwell-lesbian-author-and-activist-dies-at-99/article_547226b7-b03e-5a07-bd7c-a6e54f2a311a.html |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=The Philadelphia Tribune |language=en}}</ref> * ''Black Lesbian in White Americaa'' (ditlhamo, Naiad Press, 1983 ) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Cornwell |first=Anita |date=1983 |title=Black lesbian in white America |url=https://archive.org/details/blacklesbianinwh0000corn |isbn=0-930044-41-X |edition=First |location=Tallahassee, Florida |oclc=8907420}}</ref> * ''The Girls of Summer'' ( buka ya basha, 1989 ) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Cornwell |first=Anita |date=1989 |title=The girls of summer |url=https://archive.org/details/girlsofsummer0000corn |publisher=New Seed Press |others=Kelly Caines |isbn=0-938678-11-6 |location=Berkeley, CA. |oclc=21148579}}</ref> <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} * Potsoloso ya [https://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/philadelphia-lgbt-interviews/int/cornwell Philadelphia LGBT History project le Anita Cornwell], e e kwadilweng ke Marc Stein, Phalane a tlhola malatsi ale marataro, ngwaga wa 1993. * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LUbDnPzTgo Black Queer Writers Remembered: A Black Queer Community Reads Anita Cornwell and Adrian Stanford], ka PACSCL Video Central, Mopitlo a tlhola malatsi ale lesome le botlhano , ngwaga wa 2023. [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] kamtqq15dxk9n8siee6q8edr1zj7zbs 0 15037 55205 54849 2026-09-22T03:34:48Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Divaerase tsa tlhaelo ya masole a mmele''' ('''HIVs''') ke mefuta e mebedi ya ''Lentivirus'' ( setlhophannye sa retrovirus ) e e tshwaetsang batho. Fa nako ntse e tsamaya, di baka [[HIV/AIDS|bolwetse jwa go tlhaela masole a mmele]] (AIDS), <ref name="pmid8493571">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Weiss RA |date=May 1993 |title=How does HIV cause AIDS? |journal=Science |volume=260 |issue=5112 |pages=1273–9 |bibcode=1993Sci...260.1273W |doi=10.1126/science.8493571 |pmid=8493571}}</ref> <ref name="pmid18947296">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Douek DC, Roederer M, Koup RA |year=2009 |title=Emerging Concepts in the Immunopathogenesis of AIDS |journal=Annual Review of Medicine |volume=60 |pages=471–84 |doi=10.1146/annurev.med.60.041807.123549 |pmc=2716400 |pmid=18947296}}</ref> boemo jo mo go bone go palelwa ga masole a mmele go go yang kwa pele go dumelang gore ditshwaetsego tse di ka lokelang bophelo mo kotsing le dikankere di tswelele pele. <ref name="pmid27611681">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Powell MK, Benková K, Selinger P, Dogoši M, Kinkorová Luňáčková I, Koutníková H, Laštíková J, Roubíčková A, Špůrková Z, Laclová L, Eis V, Šach J, Heneberg P |year=2016 |title=Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Patients Differ Strongly in Frequencies and Spectra between Patients with Low CD4+ Cell Counts Examined Postmortem and Compensated Patients Examined Antemortem Irrespective of the HAART Era |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=11 |issue=9 |bibcode=2016PLoSO..1162704P |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0162704 |pmc=5017746 |pmid=27611681 |doi-access=free |article-number=e0162704}}</ref> Ntle le kalafii, bogare ba palo ya nako ya go phela morago ga go tshwaediwa ke HIV e fopholediwa go nna dijara di le 9 go ya go di le 11, go ikaegile ka mofuta ole monnye wa HIV . <ref name="UNAIDS2007">{{Cite web |last=UNAIDS |last2=WHO |date=December 2007 |title=2007 AIDS epidemic update |url=https://data.unaids.org/pub/epislides/2007/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf#page16 |page=16}}</ref> Mo mabakeng mantsi, HIV e tshelanwang ka thobalano mme [[HIV/AIDS|e tshelanwa]] ka go ama kana go fetisiwa ga madi, pele ga go rota, peo ya senna, le diedi tsa sesadi . <ref name="PARTNER2-2019">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Rodger AJ, Cambiano V, Bruun T, Vernazza P, Collins S, Degen O, Corbelli GM, Estrada V, Geretti AM, Beloukas A, Raben D, Coll P, Antinori A, Nwokolo N, Rieger A, Prins JM, Blaxhult A, Weber R, Van Eeden A, Brockmeyer NH, Clarke A, Del Romero Guerrero J, Raffi F, Bogner JR, Wandeler G, Gerstoft J, Gutiérrez F, Brinkman K, Kitchen M, Ostergaard L, Leon A, Ristola M, Jessen H, Stellbrink HJ, Phillips AN, Lundgren J |date=June 2019 |title=Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study |journal=Lancet |volume=393 |issue=10189 |pages=2428–2438 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30418-0 |pmc=6584382 |pmid=31056293 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Fauci-JAMA">{{Cite journal |author-link3=Anthony S. Fauci |vauthors=Eisinger RW, Dieffenbach CW, Fauci AS |date=February 2019 |title=HIV Viral Load and Transmissibility of HIV Infection: Undetectable Equals Untransmittable |journal=JAMA |volume=321 |issue=5 |pages=451–452 |doi=10.1001/jama.2018.21167 |pmid=30629090 |s2cid=58599661}}</ref> Phetiso e e sa kopaneleng dikobo e ka etsagala go tswa go mme yo o tshwaetsegileng go ya kwa leseeng la gagwe ka nako ya [[boimana]], ka nako ya pelegi ka go tlhakana le madi a gagwe kgotsa seedi sa sesadi, le ka [[Mashi a lebele|maswi a letswele]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mabuka J, Nduati R, Odem-Davis K, Peterson D, Overbaugh J |year=2012 |title=HIV-Specific Antibodies Capable of ADCC Are Common in Breastmilk and Are Associated with Reduced Risk of Transmission in Women with High Viral Loads |journal=PLOS Pathogens |volume=8 |issue=6 |doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1002739 |pmc=3375288 |pmid=22719248 |doi-access=free |article-number=e1002739}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |date=2009 |title=Anthropology and public health : bridging differences in culture and society |url=https://archive.org/details/anthropologypubl0000unse_v3c8 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-537464-3 |veditors=Hahn RA, Inhorn MC |edition=2nd |location=Oxford |pages=[https://archive.org/details/anthropologypubl0000unse_v3c8/page/449 449] |oclc=192042314}}</ref> <ref name="Mead">{{Cite journal |last=Mead MN |year=2008 |title=Contaminants in human milk: weighing the risks against the benefits of breastfeeding |url=http://www.ehponline.org/members/2008/116-10/focus.html |url-status=dead |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=116 |issue=10 |pages=A426–34 |bibcode=2008EnvHP.116.a426M |doi=10.1289/ehp.116-a426 |pmc=2569122 |pmid=18941560 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106182431/http://www.ehponline.org/members/2008/116-10/focus.html |archive-date=6 November 2008}}</ref> Mo dieding tse tsa mmele, HIV e teng jaaka dikarolonnye tsa mogare tse di gololesegileng le mogare mo diseleng tsa masole a mmele tse di sa amegang. Dipatlisiso di tlhagisitse ( mo barataning ba bong jo bo tshwanang le ba bong jo bo sa tshwaneng ) gore HIV ga e tshelanwe ka nako ya thobalano kwa ntle ga kgotlhopo fa mokapelo wa gago yo o nang le HIV a na le megare e e sa itsegeng . <ref name="PARTNER2-2019" /> <ref name="Fauci-JAMA" /> == Ditshupiso == {{reflist}} [[Karolo:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]] ql6n26s93k4l552o9xq1oak54i5cg2j 0 15043 55222 54851 2026-09-22T03:41:59Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55222 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bokgarebe''' ke tirego ya diphetogo tsa mmele tse eleng goreng ka tsona mmele wa [[ngwana]] o golang go tsena mo bogolong o o kgonang go tsala ka tlhakanela dikobo . E simololwa ke matshwao a dihomone tse di tswang mo bobokong go ya kwa di-gonad : mae a a mo mosading, ditho tsa bonna mo monneng. Fa di- gonad di arabela matshwao a, di ntsha dihormoune tse di tlhotlheletsang keletso ya thobalano le kgolo, phetogo ya boko, [[Lerapo|marapo]], mesifa, madi, letlalo, moriri, matswele le dithwe tsa thobalano . Kgolo ya mmele —boleele le bokete—kgolo ya bonako mo halofong ya ntlha ya go tsena mo dingwageng tsa bosha mme go wediwa fa mmele wa motho yo o godileng o setse o godile. Pele ga go tsena mo dijareng tsa bosha, dithwe tsa thobalano tse di kwa ntle, tse di bitswang diponagalo tsa konokono tsa tlhakanelodikobo, ke diponagalo tsa tlhakanelodikobo tse di farologanyang banna le basadi. Go tsena mo dijareng tsa bosha go isa kwa go nneng le dipopego tse pedi tsa bong ka go tlhagelela ga diponagalo tsa bong tsa bobedi, tse di farologanyang bong go ya pele . Le fa go na le mefuta ya pharologano ya dijara tse di itsegeng, basadi ka tlwaelo ba simolola tirego ya go tsena mo bosheng ka dingwaga di le 101⁄2; banna ba dingwaga di le 111⁄2–12. Dingwaga tsa go tsena mo bosheng di felela magareng ga 15–17 mo basading le 16–17 mo banneng. <ref name="Kail">{{Cite book |year=2010 |title=Human Development: A Lifespan View |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E-n5E7oyCgoC&pg=PA296 |vauthors=Kail RV, Cavanaugh JC |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |isbn=978-0-495-60037-4 |edition=5th |page=296}}</ref> <ref name="Schuiling">{{Cite book |last=Schuiling |year=2016 |title=Women's Gynecologic Health |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QTDFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 |publisher=[[Jones & Bartlett Learning]] |isbn=978-1-284-12501-6 |page=22 |quote=The changes that occur during puberty usually happen in an ordered sequence, beginning with thelarche (breast development) at around age 10 or 11, followed by adrenarche (growth of pubic hair due to androgen stimulation), peak height velocity, and finally menarche (the onset of menses), which usually occurs around age 12 or 13.}}</ref> <ref name="Phillips">{{Cite book |year=2014 |title=Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84StBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18 |vauthors=Phillips DC |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |isbn=978-1-4833-6475-9 |pages=18–19 |quote=On average, the onset of puberty is about 18 months earlier for girls (usually starting around the age of 10 or 11 and lasting until they are 15 to 17) than for boys (who usually begin puberty at about the age of 11 to 12 and complete it by the age of 16 to 17, on average).}}</ref> Basadi ba fitlhelela kgolo ya tsalo dingwaga di ka nna 4 morago ga gore diphetogo tsa ntlha tsa mmele tsa go tsena mo dingwageng tsa bosha di itlhagise. <ref name="Maryland">{{Cite web |title=Puberty and adolescence |url=http://umm.edu/health/medical/ency/articles/puberty-and-adolescence |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924134845/http://umm.edu/health/medical/ency/articles/puberty-and-adolescence |archive-date=2013-09-24 |access-date=September 13, 2013 |publisher=[[University of Maryland]]}}</ref> Go farologana le seo, tse ditonanyana di itlhaganela ka iketlo mme di tswelela di gola dingwaga di ka nna thataro morago ga diphetogo tsa ntlha tse di bonalang tsa go tsena mo dingwageng tsa bosha.<ref name="Garn">{{Cite book |date=1992 |title=Comprehensive adolescent health care |url=https://archive.org/details/comprehensiveado0000unse |vauthors=Garn SM |publisher=Quality Medical Publishing |isbn=978-0-942219-14-2 |editor-last=Friedman |editor-first=Stanford B. |chapter=Physical growth and development |oclc=1148624083 |ol=OL1707404M |editor-last2=Schonberg |editor-first2=S. Kenneth}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{reflist}} 2hlrtgrxzkc2ctytsiecdkkjzga9cyg 0 15057 55208 55091 2026-09-22T03:35:53Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55208 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Byllye Yvonne Avery''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le {{Infobox scientist|name=Byllye Avery|image_size=150px|birth_date={{birth date and age|1937|10|20}}|birth_place=[[Waynesville, Georgia]], U.S.|education=[[University of Florida]]<br />[[Talladega College]]|known_for=National Black Women's Health Project}} masome a mararo le bosupa ) ke molweladitshwanelo wa tlhokomelo ya botsogo wa Amerika. Motshegetsi wa tshiamiso ya tsalo, Avery o dirile go tlhama ditirelo tsa tlhokomelo ya botsogo le thuto e e amang boitekanelo jwa tlhaloganyo le jwa mmele jwa basadi ba bantsho . <ref name="Oxford">{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Kimala |title=Avery, Byllye |url=http://www.oxfordaasc.com/article/opr/t0001/e1263 |access-date=February 18, 2017 |website=Oxford African American Studies Center |publisher=Oxford}}</ref> O itsege thata jaaka mothei wa [[:en:National_Black_Women's_Health_Project|National Black Women's Health Project]] e e leng mokgatlho wa ntlha wa bosechaba go dira tiro e e kgethegileng mo mererong ya boitekanelo jwa tsalo ya basadi ba Bantsho. Ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe le NBWHP, o amogetse tshono ya thuto ya [[:en:MacArthur_Foundation|MacArthur Foundation]] ya go Tsenya Seabe mo Loagong le Tlotla ya Gustav O. Lienhard ya go Tsweletsa Pele Tlhokomelo ya botsogo go tswa kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Institute_of_Medicine|Institute of Medicine]] sa [[:en:National_Academy_of_Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] gareng ga ditlotla tse dingwe . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Byllye Y. Avery |url=http://www.blackwomenshealth.org/staff-and-board-members/board-member/byllye-nbsp-y.-nbsp-avery-nbsp/_back_Staff.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626180907/https://blackwomenshealth.org/staff-and-board-members/board-member/byllye-nbsp-y.-nbsp-avery-nbsp/_back_Staff.html |archive-date=June 26, 2022 |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=Black Women's Health Imperative |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Lelapa le thuto == Avery o tsholetswe kwa [[Waynesville]] kwa [[Georgia]] mme a golela mo polaseng kwa [[DeLand]] kwa [[Florida]] . Ke morwadia L. Alyce M. Ingram, yo e leng morutabana. <ref name="Oxford" /> Mmaagwe o alogile kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Bethune–Cookman_University|Bethune-Cookman College]]. Rraagwe, e bong Quitman Reddick, o ne a na le lebenkele lo lefelong leo. O ne a bolawa fa Avery a le dingwaga di le lesome le bone. Avery e ne e le ene yo motona mo baneng ba le bararo, mme o ne a rwala maikarabelo a mantsi go tloga fela fa a sa ntse a le monnye. Avery o tsene kwa sekolong sa Talladega College mme a bona dithuto tsa gagwe ya BA mo [[thutong ya tlhaloganyo]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe. <ref name="Oxford" /> O kopane le monna wa gagwe, Wesley Avery, fa a ne a le kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Talladega_College|Talladega College]] mme ba tsena mo nyalong ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro. <ref name="Oxford" /> Byllye le Wesley Avery ba ne ba na le bana ba babedi Wesley le Sonia ba tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bongwe (1961)le ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro ( 1966), ba farologane ka dingwaga di le tlhano. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Byllye Avery |url=https://wams.nyhistory.org/life-story/byllye-avery/ |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Women & the American Story |language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bosupa (1967), Avery o ne a amogela thuso ya go dira dithutego tsa Masters mo thutong e e kgethegileng kwa [[Sekolong se setona sa Florida]], kwa [[Gainesville]] . Fa a sena go bona dithuto tsa M.Ed. ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabongwe (1969) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Byllye Avery - MacArthur Foundation |url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/357/ |access-date=February 16, 2019 |website=www.macfound.org}}</ref> o ne a nna morutabana wa thuto e e kgethegileng. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970)dikgwedi di le mmalwa fela morago ga go simolola tiro ya gagwe e ntšha, monna wa gagwe o ne a tlhaselwa ke bolwetse jwa pelo jo bo neng bo bolaya. O ne a na le dingwaga di le masome a mararo le boraro fela mme go ne ga lemogiwa morago ga loso lwa gagwe gore o ne a na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo thata ya madi. Ka nako eo le ene o ne a itsholofetse ngwana wa bone wa boraro. Loso lwa monna wa gagwe le thusitse go tlhotlheletsa maitlamo a ga Avery a go tokafatsa tlhokomelo ya botsogo le thuto ya boitekanelo mo sechabeng sa batho Bantsho. <ref name="Nebbe">{{Cite web |last=Nebbe |first=Charity |title=Byllye Avery: Advocate for African-American Women's Health |url=https://www.iowapublicradio.org/post/byllye-avery-advocate-african-american-womens-health |access-date=February 16, 2019 |website=www.iowapublicradio.org |language=en |archive-date=February 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217030322/https://www.iowapublicradio.org/post/byllye-avery-advocate-african-american-womens-health |url-status=dead }}</ref> Avery o ne a kopana le mosadi wa gagwe e bong Ngina Lythcott ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989), mme bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba nyalana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005). Lythcott ke ngaka ya boitekanelo jwa sechaba ebile ke molweladitshwanelo. == Bolweladitshwanelo == Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970) Avery o ne a simolola go tsaya karolo mo ditlhopheng tse di neng di rotloetsa batho gore ba nne le kitso le mo ditirelong tsa go romela batho go senya mpa ka fa molaong. Go tsibogela go tlhoka phitlhelelo ya go senya mpa le matlhoki a mangwe a botsogo jwa bomme mo basadi ba Bantsho ba ba amogelang lotseno lo lo kwa tlase ba neng ba lebane le tsone mo tikologong ya gaabo, Avery le badirekaene e bong Joan Edelson, Judy Levy, le Margaret Parrish ba ne ba bula mokgatho kana lekalana la Boitekanelo jwa Basadi o bidiwang Women's Health Centre Gainesville (GWHC) ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone (1974). <ref name="Nebbe" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Kimala |title=Byllye Avery |url=http://www.oxfordaasc.com/article/opr/t0001/e1263 |access-date=March 8, 2018 |website=Oxford African American Studies Center |publisher=Oxford}}</ref> E ne e le kokelwana ya ntlha ya go senya mpa le go tlhokomela basadi mo toropong. <ref name="Oxford" /> Ba ne ba bula dikago tseno morago ga gore boikuelo jwa go bula kokelwana ya Botsadi jo bo Rulagantsweng kwa Gainesville bo ganwe. <ref name="Oxford" /> Polelo ya thomo ya GWHC e ne e le go "thusa basadi go rarabolola seemo se se tlhagisang mathata sa boimana jo bo sa rulaganngwang, jo bo sa batlegeng", ka ditshenyegelo tse di kwa tlase. Kokelwana e ne e tlamela ka ditirelo tsa go senya mpa le tsa thibelopelegi, e tlhofofatsa dithuto tsa thobalano, le go tlamela ka katiso e nngwe ya basadi e e amanang le boitekanelo le ditirelo tse di diretsweng basadi ba batho Bantsho, jaaka go dira ditlhatlhobo tsa sickle cell anemia. Go thusa go ruta basadi ka ditirelo tse di gaisang tsa botsogo, badiri ba ne ba tlhama bukana ya kgwedi le kgwedi e e bidiwang ''Sage-Femme'' . Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi (1978), Avery o ne a thusa go tlhoma lefelo la pelegi le e neng e le lefelo le lengwe la go belegela bana kwa Gainesville. Baoki-ba ba belegisang kgotsa babelegisi ba ba nang le setlankana ba ne ba thusa basadi ka pelegi mme Avery ka sebele o ne a thusa ka pelegi ya balwetse ba le lekgolo pele a tsamaya. 1] Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe (1981), fa a ne a direla mo lekgotleng la botsamaise la [[:en:National_Women's_Health_Network|National Women's Health Network,]] Avery o ne a simolola tiro e e neng ya tsaya dingwaga di le pedi e e bidiwang Tiro ya Botsogo jwa Basadi ba batho Bantsho. Jaaka karolo ya tiro eno, Avery o ne a rulaganya bokopano jwa Dikgang tsa botsogo jwa Basadi ba batho Bantsho jo bo neng bo tshwarelwa kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Spelman_College|Spelman College]] ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro (1983). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Our Story |url=http://www.blackwomenshealth.org/about-us/our-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326135958/http://www.blackwomenshealth.org/about-us/our-story.html |archive-date=March 26, 2017 |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=}}</ref> Basadi ba le dikete di le pedi ba ne ba nna teng kwa tiragalong eno ya malatsi a le mararo. Ditlhogo di ne di akaretsa kgokgontsho ya mo lwapeng, bolwetse jwa sukiri, tirisobotlhaswa ya thobalano, mmele o motona , thobalano, pelegi, botsogo jwa tlhaloganyo mmogo le botsogo jo bo faphegileng. Bokopano jo bo ne bo rotloetsa ba ba neng ba le teng go tlhokomela botsogo jwa bone ka go tsibosa batho, go rulaganya sechaba ka ga mathata a botsogo le go itlhatlhoba. <ref name="Oxford" /> Morago ga bokopano jo, Avery o ne a tlhoma kgotsa a simolodisa tiro ya Bosechaba ya Boitekanelo jwa Basadi ba batho Bantsho, e jaanong e bidiwang [[:en:Black_Women's_Health_Imperative|Black Women's Health Imperative,]] semmuso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone ( 1984) kwa Atlanta, Georgia. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sillman |first=Jael |date=2004 |title=Undivided Rights: Women of Color Organize for Reproductive Justice |url=https://archive.org/details/undividedrightsw00jael |last2=Fried |first2=Marlene, Gerber |last3=Ross |first3=Loretta |last4=Gutierrez |first4=Elena R. |publisher=South End Press |isbn=978-0-89608-729-3 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ke one fela mokgatlho wa bosechaba o o ineetseng fela go tokafatsa botsogo le magareng ga basading ba batho Bantsho. NBWHP e ne ya bula ofisi ya bobueledi le ya melawana kwa Washington, DC, ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1991). Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1991), NBWHP e ne e na le dikgaolo mo mafatsheng a le masome a mabedi le botlhano mme e ne e atolotse phitlhelelo ya yone go dira le basadi kwa Belize, Jamaica, Aforika Borwa, Nigeria, le Brazil. <ref name="Oxford" /> Fa Avery a gakologelwa maikutlo a a sa siamang a a neng a a rutiwa ka tlhakanelodikobo fa a sa ntse a le ngwana, o ne a ruta bomorwadie go keteka mebele ya bone le go bona setswalo. Fa morwadie wa ntlha a nna le dingwaga di le lesome le bongwe, Avery o ne a mo naya kuku e e neng e balega jaana "Letsatsi le le itumedisang la matsalo le setswalo!" <ref>{{Cite book |last=Love |first=Barbara J. |date=September 22, 2006 |title=Feminists Who Changed America, 1963-1975 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HRouCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-09747-8 |language=en}}</ref> Ka bonako morago ga moo, o ne a ruta ka go bona setswalo le go tshola bana kwa sekolong se sebotlana se morwadie a neng a se tlhabolola go nna motshameko o o bidiwang ''go nna Mosadi: Dipusano tsa Bomme le Basetsana'' Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa(1987), motshameko wa nltha o o gatisitsweng o o neng o dirilweng ke basadi ba Maaforika kwa Amerika ba ba abelana dipono tsa bone ka ga go [[Setswalo|bona Setswalo,]] tlhakanelodikobo le lorato <ref>{{Cite book |title=On becoming a woman: mothers & daughters talking together |oclc=30694664}}</ref> <ref name="Oxford" /> Mmogo le baeteledipele ba ba tlhageletseng ba Maaforika kwa Amerika jaaka [[Shirley Chisholm]], [[Maxine Waters]], [[Dorothy Height]], le [[Faye Wattleton]], ba ne ba ntsha le go baa monwana polelo ya phatlalatsa, " Re Gakologelwa: Basadi ba Maaforika kwa Amerika ba Kgololesego ya Tsalo ", ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe <ref>{{Cite web |title=We Remember: African American Women for Reproductive Freedom |url=https://100years.plannedparenthood.org/content/images/era-4/WeRememberBrocure.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326053938/https://100years.plannedparenthood.org/content/images/era-4/WeRememberBrocure.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref> Polelo eno e tshegetsa kgololesego ya go tshola bana (go akaretsa le tshwanelo ya go nna le bana, tshwanelo ya go bona ditirelo tsa thibelo- pelegi le tshedimosetso ya botsogo jwa tsalo, le tshwanelo ya tlhokomelo ya botsogo mmogo le go senya mpa ka tsela e e babalesegileng le e e kafa molaong). Polelo eno e ne ya amanya tlhaolele, lehuma le dikubetsano le mathata a botsogo jwa tsalo mo basading ba Baafrika ba kwa Amerika. Polelo eno e ne ya gatisiwa gape gangwe le gape mme kgabagare ya anamisiwa mo meriting ya dipampiri e le 250 000. Polelo e santse e ka fitlhelwa mo dibukeng tse dintsi tse di buang ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi le go nna balweladitshwanelo. <ref name="Oxford" /> Avery o ne a newa thuso ya Fellowship ya MacArthur mo go one ngwaga ono mo lephateng la melawana ya botsogo. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990) Avery, mmogo le basadi le banna ba bangwe ba le lesome le botlhano ba Maaforika kwa Amerika, ba ne ba tlhama mokgatlho o bidiwang [[:en:African-American_Women_for_Reproductive_Freedom|African-American Women for Reproductive Freedom]] . Mokgatlho o tlhamilwe go fedisa kgobo kgatlhanong le go senya mpa mo setšhabeng sa batho Bantsho le go dira gore go senya mpa go fitlhelesege thata mo basading ba batho Bantsho. <ref name="Cullen-DuPont2000">{{Cite book |last=Kathryn Cullen-DuPont |date=March 2018 |title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIro7MtiFuYC |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-0-8160-4100-8 |page=6 |access-date=March 2, 2018}}</ref> Avery o kwadile le go ruta thata ka tsela e lotso, maemo le bong di amang tlhokomelo ya botsogo jwa basadi ka teng. O ne a bitsa dipharologano tsa boitekanelo magareng ga basadi ba Afrika kwa Amerika le basweu a re ke "phitlhelelo ya tidimalo". <ref>{{Cite book |last=While |first=Evelyn C. |year=1994 |title=The Black women's health book: speaking for ourselves |url=https://archive.org/details/blackwomenshealt0000unse_s7o0 |publisher=Seal |isbn=1878067400 |location=Seattle, WA |pages=[https://archive.org/details/blackwomenshealt0000unse_s7o0/page/6 6]}}</ref> O ntse a le moithuti yo o etelang kwa Harvard University School of Public Health; o ne a direla mo Charter Advisory Committee for the Office of Research on Women's Health of the [[:en:National_Institutes_of_Health|National Institutes of Health;]] o ntse a le mogakolodi wa dikgang tsa botsogo wa Kellogg Foundation's International Leadership Program; mme o ne a direla jaaka mogakolodi wa tlhokomelo ya botsogo jwa basadi kwa Latin America, Caribbean le Afrika. 1]. == Dietsele le Dikakgolo == * 1989: [[:en:MacArthur_Foundation|MacArthur Foundation's]] Fellowship for Social Contribution * 1989: Essence Award for Community Service <ref name=":1" /> * 1994: Academy of Science Institute of Medicine's Gustav O. Lienhard Award for the Advancement of Health Care <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection: Byllye Avery papers {{!}} Smith College Finding Aids |url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/984 |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=findingaids.smith.edu}}</ref> * 1994: Grassroots Realist Award by the Georgia Legislative Black Caucus<ref name=":1" /> * 1995: Dorothy I. Height Lifetime Achievement Award <ref>{{Cite web |title=Billye Avery, the first person, after Dr. Height, to receive the Dorothy I. Height Lifetime Achievement Award featured on PBS Special |url=http://stylemagazine.com/news/2013/feb/21/billye-avery-first-person-after-dr-height-receive-/ |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=stylemagazine.com |archive-date=July 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703090802/http://stylemagazine.com/news/2013/feb/21/billye-avery-first-person-after-dr-height-receive-/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 1995: President's Citation of the [[:en:American_Public_Health_Association|American Public Health Association]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=APHA Presidential Citation |url=https://www.apha.org/about-apha/apha-awards/presidential-citation/apha-presidential-citation |access-date=May 7, 2020 |website=www.apha.org}}</ref> * 1998: : Business and Professional Women's New Horizons Award <ref name=":1" /> * 2008: Ruth Bader Ginsburg Impact Award from the Chicago Foundation for Women <ref name=":1" /> * 2010: [[:en:Audre_Lorde|Audre Lorde]] Spirit of Fire Award from the Fenway Health Center <ref name=":1" /> == Dibuka tse di tlhophilweng == * * Avery, Byllye Y. "Breathing life into ourselves." ''Feminism and Community'' (1995): 147. * Avery, B. (1999). ''[[iarchive:altarofwordswisd00aver|An Altar of Words: Wisdom, Comfort and Inspiration]]''. New York: Broadway. ISBN * Avery, Byllye. "Who does the work of public health?." ''American journal of public health'' 92.4 (2002): 570–575. * "Byllye Avery." ''The New York Historical'', 2026. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] cpb8l8jxp00kyvq0amfhue7o3nlbdjj 0 15080 55177 54960 2026-09-21T13:40:26Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya ga Kwame Nkrumah #BLT2026 55177 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwame Nkrumah''' (o o tshotsweng ka leina la '''Francis Nwia Kofi Ngonloma'''; ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le borobabongwe a tlhokafala ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le bobedi) e ne e le mopolotiki wa kwa [[Ghana]]. O berekile e le tonakgolo wa [[Gold Coast]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bobedi go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bosupa, fa lefatshe leo le tsaya boipuso go tswa mo go la [[United Kingdom]].<ref>o'Hara, Glen (11 April 2012), "President Kennedy, Prime Minister Macmillan and the Gold Market, 1960–63", ''Governing Post-War Britain'', Palgrave Macmillan, pp.&nbsp;53–72, [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=springerlink&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1057%2F9780230361270_4 10.1057/9780230361270_4], [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-230-36127-0|&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-230-36127-0</bdi>]]</ref> E ne e le tonakgolo wa ntlha wa nako eo, le tautona wa lefatshe la Ghana go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bosupa go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borataro. E ne e le mmueledi wa [[Aferika|Aforika]] o o kopaneng, Nkrumah e ne e le leloko le le tlhamileng lekgotla la Organisation of African Unity (OAU) le mofenyi wa seetsele sa Lenin Peace go tswa kwa [[Soviet Union]] ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a marataro le bobedi.<ref>Rathbone, Richard (23 September 2004). "Nkrumah, Kwame (1909?–1972), president of Ghana". ''[[:en:Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]''. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online&nbsp;ed.). Oxford University Press [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-31504 10.1093/ref:odnb/31504.]</ref> Morago ga dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi a le kwa mafatsheng a sele a dira dithuto tse dikgolwane, a tlhabolola kitso ya gagwe ya sepolotiki, gape a rulaganya le ba bangwe ba ba eletsang Aforika o o kopaneng, Nkrumah o ne a boela kwa Gold Coast go simolola tiro ya gagwe ya sepolotiki e le mmueledi wa boipuso jwa lefatshe leo.<ref>Hsü, Leonard Shihlien (5 November 2013), "[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781315018775-12/political-progress-leonard-shihlien-hs%C3%BC Political Progress]", ''The Political Philosophy of Confucianism'', Routledge, pp.&nbsp;258–273, [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315018775/political-philosophy-confucianism-leonard-shihlien-hs%C3%BC 10.4324/9781315018775], [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-315-01877-5|&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-315-01877-5</bdi>]]</ref> O ne a tlhama phathi ya Convention People's Party, e e neng ya atlega ka lobelo lo lo kwa godimo ka e ne e kgatlhisa leitlho la motlhophi.<ref>''Proceedings of the convention at which the American federation of arts was formed''. B. S. Adams. 1909. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/proceedingso00amer 10.5479/sil.380651.39088006011662.]</ref> O ne a nna tonakgolo ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bobedi, a tswelela ka go nna mo maemong ao fa a etelela Ghana pele go bona boipuso go tswa mo United Kingdom ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bosupa, e le lone lantlha mo Aforika o o mo borwa jwa sekaka sa Sahara ka nako eo. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro, batho ba Ghana ba ne ba amogela ba bo ba tlhomamisa molaomotheo o moha ba tlhopha Nkruma e le tautona wa bone.<ref>"Prime Minister 1957–60", ''Kwame Nkrumah. Vision and Tragedy'', Sub-Saharan Publishers, 15 November 2007, pp.&nbsp;192–214, [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctvk3gm60.17 10.2307/j.ctvk3gm60.17], [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-9988-647-81-0|978-9988-647-81-0]]</bdi></ref> Puso ya gagwe e ne e le ya ngwao mme gape e le ya go baya Aforika kwa pele. E ne ya ntshetsa diporojeke tsa lefatshe tsa madirelo le kgothetso madi, ya tlhabolola tsamaiso e e itshetletseng ya thuto le go rotloetsa gwao ya Aforika o mongwe fela.<ref>Stanek, Łukasz (2020). ''Architecture in global socialism: Eastern Europe, West Africa, and the Middle East in the Cold War''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-691-19455-4|978-0-691-19455-4]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/1134854794 1134854794.]</ref> Nkrumah o ne a na le ponelopele ya go kopanya mafatshe a Aforika go etelelwa pele ke moeteledipele a le mongwe, e le ene tautona wa bokopano jo.<ref>Serra, Gerardo; Gerits, Frank (November 2019). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/politics-of-socialist-education-in-ghana-the-kwame-nkrumah-ideological-institute-19616/230E45D1AD95696ABB0094FEDA158730 "THE POLITICS OF SOCIALIST EDUCATION IN GHANA: THE KWAME NKRUMAH IDEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, 1961–6"]. ''The Journal of African History''. '''60''' (3): 407–428. doi:[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/politics-of-socialist-education-in-ghana-the-kwame-nkrumah-ideological-institute-19616/230E45D1AD95696ABB0094FEDA158730 10.1017/S002185371900032X]. ISSN[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0021-8537 &nbsp;0021-8537.]</ref> Ka fa tlase ga ga Nkrumah, lefatshe la Ghana le ne la etelela pele botsalano jwa mafatshe a Aforika le maaftshe ka bophara le letsholo la Aforika a le mongwe ka nako ya go tswa mo bokoloeng ga Aforika, a eme nokeng kgololesego ya mafatshe ka bontsi.<ref>Nkrumah, Kwame (1953). ''[https://collections.library.yale.edu/ &#x5B;Letter: Kwamé Nkrumah to Richard Wrig]ht&#x5D;''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200803062728/https://brbl-dl.library.yale.edu/vufind/Author?author=Nkrumah,+Kwame,+1909-1972 Archived] from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2026</ref> Mafatshe a a neng a le kgatlhanong le bokopano jo a kwa bophirima a ne a bona Nkrumah Ideological Institute (KNII) e le lefelo la boutlwelobotlhoko la kemo nokeng ya sesole mo mafatsheng a Aforika ka jalo a bona e le matshosetsi mo go bone.<ref>Serra, Gerardo; Gerits, Frank (November 2019). "[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/politics-of-socialist-education-in-ghana-the-kwame-nkrumah-ideological-institute-19616/230E45D1AD95696ABB0094FEDA158730 THE POLITICS OF SOCIALIST EDUCATION IN GHANA: THE KWAME NKRUMAH IDEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, 1961–6]". ''The Journal of African History''. '''60''' (3): 407–428. doi:[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/politics-of-socialist-education-in-ghana-the-kwame-nkrumah-ideological-institute-19616/230E45D1AD95696ABB0094FEDA158730 10.1017/S002185371900032X]. ISSN&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0021-8537 0021-8537.]</ref> Morago ga dikgang tsa go loga maano a go mmolaya,<ref>Ninsin, Kwame A. (4 February 2016), "The Nkrumah Government and Its Opposition", ''The Ghana Reader'', Duke University Press, pp.&nbsp;303–306, doi:[https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.1215%2F9780822374961-062 10.2307/j.ctv125jqp2.66], [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-7496-1|978-0-8223-7496-1]]</bdi></ref> go kopana le go thatafalela pele ga maemo a itsholelo, puso ya ga Nkrumah e ne ya simolola go gatelela ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro, ka a ne a le kgatlhanong le diphathi tsa kganetso a tshwara ditlhopho tse di sa gololesegang ebile di gatelela.<ref>Mazrui, Ali (1966). "Nkrumah: The Leninist Czar". ''Transition'' (26): 9–17. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2934320?origin=crossref 10.2307/2934320.] ISSN&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0041-1191 0041-1191]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2934320 2934320]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bone, phetolo ya molaomotheo e ne ya dira gore lefatshe la Ghana e nne lefatshe la phathi e le nngwefela, Nkrumah e le tautona wa botshelo jotlhe wa lefatshe leo le phathi e e busang.<ref>Zolberg, Aristide R. (31 December 1964). "VII. The Reluctant Nation". ''One-Party Government in the Ivory Coast''. Princeton: [[:en:Princeton_University_Press|Princeton University Press]]. pp.&nbsp;219–249. doi:[https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400876563-012/html 10.1515/9781400876563-012.] ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7656-3|&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-4008-7656-3</bdi>.]]</ref> O ne a dira gore batho ba mo obamele, a dirametheo ya dikgopolo, a bo a dirisa maemo a "Osagyefo."<ref>Yergin, Daniel; Stanislaw, Joseph (15 June 2002). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=uNYzPUhXhJYC&redir_esc=y The Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy]''. Simon and Schuster. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2963-0|<bdi>978-0-7432-2963-0</bdi>.]]</ref> KNII e ne e phatlhalatsa dikgang tse senang boammaruri le puso ya ga Nkrumah e e neng e bidiwa Nkrumaism.<ref>Serra, Gerardo; Gerits, Frank (November 2019). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/politics-of-socialist-education-in-ghana-the-kwame-nkrumah-ideological-institute-19616/230E45D1AD95696ABB0094FEDA158730 "THE POLITICS OF SOCIALIST EDUCATION IN GHANA: THE KWAME NKRUMAH IDEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, 1961–6".] ''The Journal of African History''. '''60''' (3): 407–428. doi:[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/politics-of-socialist-education-in-ghana-the-kwame-nkrumah-ideological-institute-19616/230E45D1AD95696ABB0094FEDA158730 10.1017/S002185371900032X]. ISSN[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0021-8537 &nbsp;0021-8537.]</ref> Nkrumah o ne a thankgolwa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borataro mo thankgolong puso ke khansele ya kgololesego. Lekgotla la Central Intelligence Agency la United States go bolelwa le ne la raraanya kgang e, le ntswa se se sa tlhomamisiwa.<ref>Dutfield, Graham (27 November 2017), "If we have never been modern, they have never been traditional", ''Routledge Handbook of Biodiversity and the Law'', Routledge, pp.&nbsp;276–290, doi:[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315530840/chapters/10.4324/9781315530857-18 10.4324/9781315530857-18], [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-315-53085-7|978-1-315-53085-7]]</bdi></ref><ref>John Prados, ''Safe For Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA'' (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2006), p. 329.</ref> Nkrumah o ne a ya go tshelela botshelo jwa gagwe botlhe kwa [[Guinea]], kwa a neng a fiwa tlotla ya tautona o mongwe. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabonwge masome a robabongwe le borobabonwge, o ne a tlhophiwa mo Aforika wa sekete sa dingwaga ke BBC.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/people/highlights/000914_nkrumah.shtml "Kwame Nkrumah's Vision of Africa"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725113031/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/people/highlights/000914_nkrumah.shtml|date=25 July 2013}}, [[:en:BBC_World_Service|BBC World Service]], 14 September 2000.</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == === Gold Coast === Kwame Nkrumah o tshotswe ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le borobabongwe go le Labobedi kwa Nkroful, botlhaba jwa Nzema (kwa e leng Ellembele gompieno), kwa Gold Coast (Ghana wa gompieno). Nkroful e ne e le motsana o mmotlana kwa kgaolong ya Nzema, kwa borwa-bophirima jwa Gold Coast, gaufi le molelwane le kolone ya France ya Ivory Coast. Kwame o ne a tshotswe a le esi. Rraagwe o ne a sa nne le lolwapa loo, mme o ne a berekela kwa Half Assini kwa a neng a dira kgwebo ya gagwe ya go thula gouta go fitlhelela a tlhokafala. Fa le dingwaga di le tharo, Nkrumah le mmaagwe ba ne ba fudugela kwa Half Assini kwa go rraagwe. Ba ne ba mo tsenya sekolo se sepotlana sa borongwa jwa kereke ya katoliki kwa Half Assini, kwa a neng a itshupa e le moithuti wa tlhwatlhwa. Mo dingwageng tsa fa a le moithuti kwa United States, o ne a itsege ka leina la Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah, Kofi e le leina la puo ya Akan le le neng le neelwa bana ba basimane ba ba tshotsweng go le Labotlhano. Morago o ne a fetola leina la gagwe go nna Kwame Nkrumah ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le botlhano kwa UK, a supa fa a rata leina la Kwame. Go ya ka Ebenezer Obiri Addo fa a ithuta ka tautona wa mo isagong, leina "Nkrumah", e le leina le le fiwang ngwana wa borobabongwe, le supa gore Kwame o ka tswa a ne a le mo maemong ao kwa ntlong ya ga rraagwe, o a neng a na le basadi ba le bantsi. Rraagwe, ebong Opanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, o ne a tswa kwa Nkroful e le wa morafe wa Asona wa batho ba Akan. Metswedi e supa fa Ngoloman a nnile kwa Tarkwa-Nsuaem a le mo kgwebong ya go thula gouta. Ngoloman o ne a tlotlelwa go nna botlhale mo go gakololeng ke ba ba neng ba kopa dikgakololo tsa gagwe ka dikgang tsa ngwao le selegae. O tlhokafetse ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le bosupa. Le ntswa maagwe, o leina la gagwe e neng e le Elizabeth Nyanibah (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a supa le bosupa a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borobabongwe), morago a neng a supa fa matsalo a gagwe e le ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le bobedi, Nkrumah o kwadile gore o tshotswe ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le borobabbonwge. Mmaagwe o ne a tlholega kwa Nsuaem e le wa lolwapa lwa Agona. == Metswedi == eonsh1pqs1av5sin7qcg8ekcwfrfuxm 0 15086 55206 54984 2026-09-22T03:35:06Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55206 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Vorlesung_Uni_Aachen.JPG|thumb| Holo ya go tlhatlhelela kwa yunibesithing kwa Aachen]] [[Setshwantsho:Womack_@_teach_in.png|thumb| Go tlhatlhelela kwa Yunibesithing ya Harvard]] [[Setshwantsho:School_classroom,_Tongbong_Cooperative_Farm_(14996466640).jpg|thumb| Phaposiborutelo mo polaseng ya tirisanommogo kwa Korea Bokone e e rulaganyeditsweng go ithuta fela]] '''Thuto e e sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo''' ke mokgwa wa go ruta o mo go ona baithuti ba amogelang tshedimosetso go tswa go morutabana le go e tsenya mo teng. Ke mokgwa "mo moithuti a sa amogeleng pegelo go tswa go morutabana". <ref name="HRQ">{{Cite journal |last=Michel |first=Norbert |last2=Cater |first2=John James |last3=Varela |first3=Otmar |date=2009 |title=Active versus passive teaching styles: An empirical study of student learning outcomes |url=http://www.units.miamioh.edu/celt/events/docs/CFLING/active%20vs%20passive.pdf |journal=Human Resource Development Quarterly |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=397–418 |doi=10.1002/hrdq.20025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701204253/http://www.units.miamioh.edu/celt/events/docs/CFLING/active%20vs%20passive.pdf |archive-date=2015-07-01}}</ref> Lereo le gantsi le dirisiwa mmogo le ''go ruta ka tlhamalalo'' le ''go tlhatlhelela'', mme go ithuta go go sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo e le ditlamorago kgotsa ditlamorago tse di ikaeletsweng tsa thuto. Mokgwa ono wa go ithuta o ikaegile ka morutabana mme o farologana le go ithuta ka matlhagatlhaga, e leng se se ikaegileng ka moithuti, mo baithuti ba tsayang karolo e e matlhagatlhaga kgotsa ya go tsaya karolo mo thulaganyong ya go ithuta, le mokgwa wa ga Socrates o mo go one baithuti le barutisi ba nnang le puisano ya tirisanommogo ya go ngangisana. Thuto e e sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo ke mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng o o dirisiwang mo dikolong tsa sekao tsa feketori le mo dikolong tsa segompieno, mmogo le mo ditirelong tsa bodumedi tsa hisetori le tsa segompieno mo dikerekeng (dithero), mo dimosekeng, le mo disinagogeng. Thuto e e sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo ga se fela ditlamorago tsa sekai sa thuto. Baithuti ba ba sa direng sepe ba ka nna ba amogela tshedimosetso le kitso ka tidimalo ntle le go dirisana ka tlwaelo le tshedimosetso e e amogetsweng kgotsa maitemogelo a go ithuta. Ba ka nna ba se ka ba dirisana le ba bangwe, ba abelana dintlha, kgotsa ba nna le seabe mo puisanong. Go fopholediwa gore diperesente di le 60 tsa batho ke baithuti ba ba sa direng sepe. == Thuto e e sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo kgatlhanong le thuto e e tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo == Katlego ya thuto ya setso le mekgwa ya thuto e e sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo e ntse e ngangisanwa nako e e rileng. <ref name="HRQ" /> Tshimologo ya segompieno ya thuto e e tswelelang pele, e e nang le go ithuta ka matlhagatlhaga jaaka karolo, e ka bonwa morago kwa ditirong tsa lekgolo la dingwaga la bo 18 tsa ga John Locke le Jean-Jacques Rousseau, bao ka bobedi ba itsegeng e le baeteledipele ba dikgopolo tse di neng di tla tlhamiwa ke borateori ba lekgolo la bo 20 la dingwaga jaaka John Dewey. Locke o kwadile gore "boammaaruri le kitso... di tlhagelela ka go ela tlhoko le maitemogelo go na le go dirisa dikgopolo tse di amogetsweng kgotsa tse di neetsweng". <ref name="Hayes">{{Cite book |last=Hayes |first=William |year=2006 |title=The progressive education movement: Is it still a factor in today's schools? |url=https://archive.org/details/progressiveeduca0000haye |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Education}}</ref> === Mesola === Mesola ya thuto e e sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo e akaretsa: * Go kopana le dilo tse dišwa. * Taolo e kgolo ya morutisi mo phaposiborutelong, mo bareetsing, kgotsa mo baithuting. * Tšhono ya sebopego se se rulagantsweng le se se ngokang. * Go netefatsa tlaleletso ya serutwa kwa ntle ga tikologo ya go ithuta le lefelo la go ithuta. * Bokgoni jwa go tlhalosa dintlha tsa khoso. * Tlhagiso ya tshedimosetso e ntsi mo nakong e khutshwane. * Didiriswa tsa thuto (dintlha tsa thuto, dipampiri tsa go aba, bobegakgang jwa go utlwa le go bona, jj.) di ka baakanngwa go sa le gale. * Dikgopolo le diteng tse di botlhokwa di ka supiwa le go tlhagisiwa ka mokgwa o o rulagantsweng le o o nang le bokao. * Bokgoni jwa go tlhofofatsa puisano ya maemo a magolo. <ref name="cirtl">{{Cite web |title=Lecturing: Advantages and Disadvantages of the Traditional Lecture Method |url=http://www.cirtl.net/node/2570 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311181116/http://www.cirtl.net/node/2570 |archive-date=11 March 2014 |access-date=11 March 2014 |publisher=CIRTL Network}}</ref> Sebopego seno gape se ka letla go anamisiwa ga didirisiwa tse di iseng di gatisiwe kgotsa tse di leng teng bonolo. Teko e e sa rulaganngwang, e e laolwang e e bapisang thuto e e sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo (thuto ya metsotso e le 60) le thuto e e tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo (thuto ya metsotso e le 30 mmogo le ditirisano fa gare ga baithuti ba babedi ba le mmog) ga e a bontsha dipharologano dipe fa gare ga mekgwa e mebedi eno mo kitsong kgotsa mo maikutlong a baithuti. Le fa go ntse jalo, kgopolo ya go nna le seabe le diteng tse di neetsweng e ne e le kwa tlase mo setlhopheng sa go ithuta go go sa tsayang karolo ka tlhamalalo. <ref name="Haidet">{{Cite journal |last=Haidet |first=P |last2=Morgan |first2=RO |last3=O'Malley |first3=K |last4=Moran |first4=BJ |last5=Richards |first5=BF |year=2004 |title=A controlled trial of active versus passive learning strategies in a large group setting |journal=Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=15–27 |doi=10.1023/B:AHSE.0000012213.62043.45 |pmid=14739758 |s2cid=6413794}}</ref> 0hlub5vbhwpddv11u6fo7wjyajoj1m5 0 15116 55174 55038 2026-09-21T12:52:12Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya ga Lemogang Tsipa #BLT2026 55174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Lemogang Tsipa|birth_date=Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 1991|birth_place=Empangeni [[KwaZulu-Natal]] [[Aforika Borwa]]|education=AFDA|occupation=mODIRAGATSI|years active=2014 - go tsena gompieno|notable works=Shaka iLembe Blood Psalms Alien Outpost}} '''Lemogang Peter Phetolo Tsipa''' (o o tshotsweng ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le motso) ke modiragatsi gape e le seopedi sa pele sa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. O itsege ka go diragatsa e le Shaka Zulu mo motshamekong wa ditso wa Shaka iLembe mo Mzansi Magic (go tswa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le boraro go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le botlhano), le mo motshamekong wa Isithembiso a tshameka e le moanelwa Bambatha go tswa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le botlhano. O tlhageletse mo metshamekong e e gatisitsweng mo gae le kwa mafatshefatsheng e akaretsa wa Alien Outpost, Eye in the Sky, Blood Psalms le wa Front Page. == Fa santse a le mmotlana == Tsipa o tshotswe ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le motso kwa Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal, a tsalwa ke Alfred le Sally Tsipa. Morago ga go lemogiwa fa a na le bokoa jwa go sa kgone go tlhwaya tsebe ka ntlha ya go nna matlhagatlhaga mo go feteletseng fa a le dingwaga di robabongwe, o ne a isa matlhagatlhaga a gagwe mo go tsa metshameko le bodiragatsi. O alogile ka matric go tswa kwa Grantleigh College kwa Richards Bay pele ga a ya go rutuntshiwa kwa South African School of Motion Picture Medium and Live Performance (AFDA), a aloga ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi a itebagantse le go diragatsa le go berekisa sekapa ditshwantsho. == Tsa pereko == === Ngwaga wa 2014-2021: tshimologo ya tiro le go tshameka baanelwa ba mafatshefatshe === Moragonyana fela a sena go aloga, Tsipa o ne a tlhagelela e le lantlha e le mongwe wa babereki mo filiming ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone ya Alien Outpost. Ngwaga one oo, o ne a tshameka moanelwa Dini Masilela o e neng e le lepodisi mo motshamekong wa Etv! wa Traffic!. O tlhageletse gape mo setshwantsho motseletseleng wa Forced Love, e le bontlha jwa motshameko wa Shakespeare in mzansi wa SABC 1.<ref name=":1">Maako, Keitumetse. [https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/tv/its-a-massive-role-lemogang-tsipa-opens-up-about-life-changing-shaka-ilembe-20230804-2?utm_source=chatgpt.com "'It's a massive role': Lemogang Tsipa opens up about 'life-changing' Shaka iLembe".] ''News24''. Retrieved 18 September 2026</ref><ref>Tabalia, Jedidah (2019-09-02). [https://briefly.co.za/36338-lemogang-tsipa-biography-age-father-troy-profile-movies.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Meet Lemogang Tsipa: what is this South African actor up to in 2024? – Briefly.co.za"]. ''briefly.co.za''. Retrieved 18 September 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa, Tsipa o ne a saya karolo mo motshamekong wa Eye in the Sky le The Dark Tower.<ref>[https://www.heartlines.org.za/articles/beyond-the-river-star-lemogang-tsipa-keeps-rising "Beyond The River star Lemogang Tsipa keeps rising – Heartlines".] ''www.heartlines.org.za''. Retrieved 18 September 2026</ref> O lemoga fa tiro ya aggwe ya pele ya go nna seopedi le mokwadi wa dipina go mothusitse go mo fa go kgona go ema mo seraleng.<ref name=":2">Ratshetlha, Mirian (2023-09-30). [https://www.allbusinessza.com/celebrity/lemogang-tsipa-biography-career-childhood-shaka-ilembe-and-more/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Lemogang Tsipa biography: career, childhood, Shaka iLembe and more"]. ''All Business ZA''. Retrieved 18 September 2026</ref> === Ngwaga wa 2022 go tsena gompieno: go sutlhelela ka Shaka iLembe === Ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le boraro, Tsipa o ne a diragatsa mo maemong a matona thata a tiro ya gagwe, e le moanelwa Shaka Zulu mo motshamekong wa Mzansi Magic wa Shaka iLembe. Go tshameka e le Kgosi, o ikatisitse mo go tseneletseng ka thuso ya mookamedi wa tsa bodiragatsi go tshwara mmino le tiriso ya dibetsa tsa se Zulu, a itlama go ja sentle le go ikatisa, mme ebile a bereka le batlhokomedi ba diphologolo gore a kgone go tlwaela go nna fa tlase ga dinoga mo dintlheng dingwe tsa motshameko.<ref>Tsewu, Siya. [https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/actor-lemogang-tsipa-on-playing-shaka-keeping-fit-and-his-love-for-snakes-20230808?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Actor Lemogang Tsipa on playing Shaka, keeping fit and his love for snakes".] ''News24''. Retrieved 18 September 2026</ref><ref name=":2" /> Morago ga Shaka iLembe, o ne a tshameka mo motshamekong wa Showmax wa Blood Psalms (wa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi)<ref>EarleH@afda.co.za (2022-10-06). [https://afda.co.za/afda-alumni-star-in-new-showmax-canal-fantasy-series-blood-psalms/ "AFDA alumni star in new Showmax/Canal+ fantasy series Blood Psalms".] ''AFDA: The No. 1 School for the Creative Economy''. Retrieved 18 September 2026</ref> ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone o simologa o ne a nna moanelwa mogolo Sol mo motshamekong wa SABC 3 wa Killer Front Page, go diragatsa ga gagwe IOL e ne ya go tlhalosa go ne go le botswerere mo go neng go tshosa ka dinako tse dingwe.<ref>Thangevelo, Debashine (2024-02-26). [https://iol.co.za/sunday-tribune/entertainment/2024-02-26-lemogang-tsipa-writes-his-own-success-story-as-the-lead-in-killer-front-page/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Lemogang Tsipa writes his own success story as the lead in 'Killer Front Page'".] ''IOL''. Retrieved 18 September 2026</ref><ref name=":2" /> Motshameko wa Shaka iLembe o ne wa ipaya mo maemong a a kwa godimo ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le bone, ka go iponela go tlhophelwa dietsele di le lesome le bosupa le go fenya di le lesome le bobedi di akaretsa ya go nna motshameko o o gaisitseng, se se dira gore e nne motshameko wa motseletsele o o iponetseng dietsele di le dintsi go gaisa mo ditsong tsa moletlo o, moanelwamogolo ebong Tsipa o nnile le seabe se setona mo katlegong e.<ref name=":1" /> News24 e tlhalositse go neelwa karolo ya moanelwamogolo mo shaka iLembe ga ga Tsipa go fetola botshelo, ba lemoga gore karolo eo e bokete mo mmeleng le mo maikutlong.<ref name=":1" /> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Tsipa o bua diteme tsa seZulu, seXhosa, SeTswana, Sekgoa le Afrikaans, gantsi o dirisa diteme tse tsotlhe go nonotsha karolo e a e tshamekang. Ga go itsewe go le gontsi ka botshelo jwa gagwe le ntswa a sa ipona tsapa go abelana ka fa go tlhokomela bokoa jwa gagwe jwa go nna matlhagatlhaga a a feteletseng go mo thusitseng mo bodiragatsing.<ref>[https://mlasa.com/actors/lemogang-tsipa "Lemogang Tsipa".] ''MLASA''. Retrieved 18 September 2026</ref> == Metshameko == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Setlhogo !Karolo !Kgaso |- | rowspan="4" |Dikete pedi masome lesome le bone |Alien Outpost |Mokgweetsi wa sekepe |Filimi |- |Homeland |Mokgweetsi wa drone |motseletsele |- |The Golden Rule |Thabo |filimi khutswe |- |Traffic! |Lepodisi Dini Masilela | |- | rowspan="5" |Dikete pedi lesome le botlhano |The Book of Negroes |Freddy |motseletsele |- |Lazy Susan |Mr. Beggar |filimi khutswe |- |Eye in the Sky |Lesole |filimi |- |Jamillah and Aladdin |morekisi wa mohumi |motseletsele |- |Wallander |Victor Mabasha |motseletsele |- | rowspan="4" |Dikete pedi lesome le borataro |Cape Town |Hector Ntulu |motseletsele |- |Black Sails |Chidi |motseletsele |- |Jab |Smiley the Zulu |motseletsele |- |Roots |Addo |motseletsele |- | | | | |} == Dietsele le tse a di tlhophetsweng == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Seetsele !Karolo !Tiro !Maduo !Motswedi |- |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le bone |Seetsele sa Septimius |Moanelwa o o gaisitseng wa mo Aforika |Shaka iLembe |A tlhophilwe |<ref>Khulu, Ntombi. [https://www.news24.com/truelove/celebrity/shaka-ilembes-international-acclaim-at-the-septimius-awards-in-amsterdam-20240827#:~:text=Lemogang%20Tsipa,%20who%20portrayed%20Shaka,and%20Best%20Makeup%20and%20Hairstyling "Shaka iLembe's international acclaim at the Septimius Awards in Amsterdam".] ''News24''. Retrieved 18 September 2026</ref> |} == Metswedi == qnt3m9bj0phtibjobcxd22a8ibqxnwu 0 15155 55170 55169 2026-09-21T12:24:26Z MmaBaggio 11091 55170 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Alkalimat''' ( yo o tshotsweng ka maina a Gerald Arthur McWorther o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ele masome a mabedi le bongwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bobedi (1942 ) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Barber |first=John T. |year=2006 |title=The Black Digital Elite: African American Leaders of the Information Revolution |url=https://archive.org/details/blackdigitalelit0000barb |publisher=Praeger |isbn=0-275-98504-0 |location=Westport, Conn. |page=[https://archive.org/details/blackdigitalelit0000barb/page/128 128] |access-date=December 27, 2011 |url-access=registration}}</ref> <ref>Barber, John T. (2006). ''[[iarchive:blackdigitalelit0000barb|The Black Digital Elite: African American Leaders of the Information Revolution]]''. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. p.&#x20;128. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-275-98504-0|<bdi>0-275-98504-0</bdi>.]] Retrieved December 27, 2011.</ref>ke moitsaanape wa Moamerika wa dithuto tsa Maaforika le Maamerika le dithuto tsa motlobo wa dibuka le maranyane a tshedimosetso kwa Sekolong se setona sa [[:en:University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana–Champaign|Uviversity of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]] . Ke mokwadi wa dibuka di le mmalwa, go akaretsa ya ''ntroduction to Afro-American Studies'' (1984), ''The African American Experience in Cyberspace'' (2004), ''Malcolm&#x20;X for Beginners'' (1990), and ''The History of Black Studies'' (2021). O tlhokomela ditsebe tsa maranyane tse pedi tse di amanang le ditso tsa Maaforika le Maamerika, "Malcolm&nbsp;X: Lefelo la Patlisiso" le "Dithuto tsa eBlack". {{Infobox person|name=Abdul Alkalimat|image=File:Abdul Alkalimat (Gerald A. McWorter) (cropped).jpg|caption=Abdul Alkalimat|birth_name=Gerald Arthur McWorter|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1942|11|21}}|birth_place=[[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], U.S.|education={{Plainlist| * [[Ottawa University]] * [[University of Chicago]] }}|occupation={{Plainlist| * Moitsaanape wa [[African-American studies]] le [[library and information science]] * Mokwadi }}|employer=[[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]]|notable works=''Introduction to Afro-American Studies: A Peoples College Primer'' (1984); ''The History of Black Studies'' (2021)|relatives=[[Free Frank McWorter]] (great-great-grandfather)}} Alkalimat ke setlogolo sa ga [[Fee Frank McWorter]] . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Hughes|first=Clyde|url=http://www.toledoblade.com/frontpage/2005/10/30/Digging-into-history-UT-professor-s-ancestor-started-free-town.html|title=Digging into history: UT professor's ancestor started free town}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == O tshotswe ka maina a Gerald Arthur McWorter kwa Kokelong ya Cook County kwa [[Chicago]], <ref>[http://eblackchicago.org/hwaa.html Abdul Alkalimat bio,] eblackchicago.org.</ref>o ne a nna le lelwapa la gagwe kwa [[Matlong a ga Frances Cabrini]] go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le boraro ( 1953) fa ba ne ba fudugela kwa Letlhakoreng la Bophirima la toropo. <ref name="Fuerst">{{Cite book |last=Fuerst |first=J. S. |year=2005 |title=When Public Housing Was Paradise: Building Community in Chicago |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tm9hMkardSgC&pg=PA133 |publisher=Greenwood |isbn=0-252-07213-8 |location=Westport, Conn. |page=133 |access-date=December 27, 2011}}</ref> Mo potsolotsong ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003), Alkalimat o ne a gakologelwa bongwana jwa gagwe mo matlong a sechaba : Le fa gone ke gakologelwa ... batho ba ba neng ba sa dire mo tiro eno ba re, "Ah, o tshela ka thuso ya puso, ka tsela nngwe". Mme ke akanya gore ke ne ka nna le nako e e monate ya bongwana. Ke gakologelwa dingwaga tseo jaaka dingwaga tsa gouta tota. Ke itumelela go bo ke goletse kwa Cabrini.<ref name="Fuerst" /> Alkalimat o tsene kwa [[Sekolong se setona sa Ottawa]] , koo a tsereng [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|B.A.]] mo thutong ya loago le filosofi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boraro( 1963). O weditse [[:en:Master's_degree|M.A.]] ya gagwe ya thutoloago kwa Sekolong se setona sa Chicago ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966) mme a bona [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Ph.D.]] ya thutoloago koo ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone 1974.<ref>"[https://secure.las.uiuc.edu/CvStorage/documents/users/mcworter.pdf Abdul Alkalimat (Gerald A. McWorter)]" (PDF). Retrieved December 27, 2011</ref> Mo bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (1960), o ne a thusa go tlhama Lekalanala [[:en:Institute_of_the_Black_World|Institute of the Black World]] (IBW) kwa Atlanta le moitsaanape [[Vincent Harding]] le [[Stephen Henderson]] le balweladitshwanelo ba bangwe ba baithuti, go akaretsa le [[Howard Dodson,]] [[A. B. Spellman]], William Strickland, le Khansele Taylor. IBW e ne ya nna " ' lekoko la go akanya ' la batho bantsho le le mashetla go gaisa la nako eo ", go ya ka [[Peniel E. Joseph]], mothusamoitsaanape wa dithuto tsa Aforikana kwa [[Sekolong se setona sa Stony Brook]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Joseph |first=Peniel E. |author-link= |year=2006 |title=The Black Power Movement: Rethinking the Civil Rights-Black Power Era |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-94595-X |editor-last=Joseph |editor-first=Peniel E. |location=New York |page=268 |chapter=Black Studies, Student Activism, and the Black Power Movement |access-date=December 27, 2011 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jnuI5c9lUEwC&pg=PA268}}</ref> Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970), Alkalimat o ne a tlhoma Peoples College, e e neng e le setlhopha sa baitseanape ba batho bantsho ba ba ratang sechaba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 29, 2019 |title=IU Northwest celebrates 50 years of Black Studies |url=https://www.iun.edu/news/2019/blk-studies-50year-event.htm |access-date=February 23, 2022 |website=IU Northwest News |publisher=Indiana University Northwest}}</ref> O ne a kwala buka e bidiwang Introduction to Afro-American Studies: A Peoples College Primer, e e gatisitsweng lantlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone( 1984), e e ileng ya nna lekwalo le le tumileng mme ya nna ya gatisiwa makgetlho a le mmalwa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bush |first=Roderick |author-link=Roderick D. Bush |year=2009 |title=The End of White World Supremacy: Black Internationalism and the Problem of the Color Line |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phnJYxEM5FcC&pg=PA47 |publisher=Temple University Press |isbn=978-1-59213-572-1 |location=Philadelphia |page=47 |access-date=March 25, 2012}}</ref> Alkalimat o thusitse go rulaganya Lekgotla la Illinois la Dithuto tsa batho Bantsho, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bobedi ( 1982) o ne a tshwara bokopano ya ngwaga le ngwaga jwa Lekgotla la Lefatshe [[:en:National_Council_for_Black_Studies|National Council for Black Studies]] (NCBS). O ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetulo wa NCBS, mme khuduthamaga ya mokgatlho e ne ya belaela maduo mme ya kopa gore go nne le ditlhopho tse disha mo ngwageng o o latelang go bona gore a go tlhatlogela ga ga Alkalimat mo maemong ao go ne go le kafa molaong. Mo ditlhophong tse maloko a le mantsi a neng a di tsaya e le tse di tlhakanyang tlhogo, Alkalimat o ne a tlhophololwa. Melawana e mesha ya go tlhopha e ne ya amogelwa ke khuduthamaga e e neng ya dira gore maduo a nne le maatla a go busetsa kwa morago, go ntsha Alkalimat mo maemong a gagwe a go nna modulasetilo<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Rhett |year=2006 |title=A Companion to African-American Studies |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |isbn=0-631-23516-7 |editor-last=Gordon |editor-first=Lewis R. |editor-link=Lewis Gordon |location=Malden, Mass. |page=41 |chapter=Dreams, Nightmares, and Realities: Afro-American Studies at Brown University, 1969–1968 |access-date=March 25, 2012 |editor-last2=Gordon |editor-first2=Jane Anna |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DOvtQ3mrd4wC&pg=PA41}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1991), Alkalimat o ne a kwala buka ya ''Malcolm .&nbsp;X for Beginners''. Ene le mogatisi wa gagwe, [[:en:For_Beginners,_LLC|Writers and Readers Press]], ba ne ba sekisiwa ke [[Betty Shabazz]], motlholagadi wa ga [[:en:Malcolm_X|Malcolm X]], le [[:en:Pathfinder_Press|Pathfinder Press]], e e nang le ditshwanelo tse di kgethegileng tsa go gatisa Malcolm x's speeches. Shabazz le Pathfinder ba ne ba bolela gore buka oe e ne e na le dinopolo tsa ga Malcolm&nbsp;X ntle le tetlelelo. Alkalimat le mogatisi wa gagwe ba ne ba bolela gore dinopolo tsa buka eo di ne di letleletswe go ya ka thuto ya tiriso e e siameng . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Susan Heller |date=July 10, 1991 |title=Chronicle |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/10/style/chronicle-255091.html |access-date=December 27, 2011 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=Herb Boyd}}</ref> Kgang e ne ya rarabololwa kwa ntle ga kgotlatshekelo, mme Alkalimat e ne ya tlogela dituelo tsotlhe tsa ditshwanelo tsa buka eno. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alkalimat |first=Abdul |date=July 15, 1991 |title=A Statement by Abdul Alkalimat |url=http://www.brothermalcolm.net/studyguide/aastatement.html |access-date=December 27, 2011 |publisher=Malcolm&nbsp;X: A Research Site}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Rickford |first=Russell J. |author-link=Russell J. Rickford |year=2003 |title=Betty Shabazz: A Remarkable Story of Survival and Faith Before and After Malcolm&nbsp;X |url=https://archive.org/details/bettyshabazzrema00rick/page/464 |publisher=Sourcebooks |isbn=1-4022-0171-0 |location=Naperville, Ill. |page=[https://archive.org/details/bettyshabazzrema00rick/page/464 464] |url-access=registration}}</ref> == Ditiro tsa gagwe == * ''Introduction to Afro-American Studies'' (1984), Urbana, Ill.: [[:en:University_of_Illinois_Press|University of Illinois Press]] (available [https://web.archive.org/web/20170703185708/http://eblackstudies.org/intro/contents.htm online]) * ''Harold Washington and the Crisis of Black Power in Chicago'' (1989), Chicago: Twenty-First Century Books (with Douglas C. Gills) * ''Malcolm X for Beginners'' (1990), New York: Writers and Readers Press (available for [http://www.brothermalcolm.net/studyguide/writers.pdf download] in PDF format) * ''Job?Tech: The Technological Revolution and Its Impact on Society'' (1995), Chicago: Twenty-First Century Books (with Douglas C. Gills and Kate Williams) * ''The African American Experience in Cyberspace: A Resource Guide to the Best Websites on Black Culture and History'' (2004) Sterling, Va.: [[:en:Pluto_Press|Pluto Press]] * ''eBlack Studies'' (2004), Chicago: Twenty-First Century Books * (with Kate Williams) * ''Revolutionary Ubuntu: The shackdwellers and poor people of South Africa'', eBlack Studies, 2009 (available for download in PDF format) * ''[https://brill.com/view/title/26771 Black Toledo: A Documentary History of the African American Experience in Toledo, Ohio]'' (2017) Leiden & Boston: Brill * ''The Wall of Respect: Public Art and Black Liberation in 1960s Chicago'' (co‑editor, with [[:en:Romi_Crawford|Romi Crawford]] and Rebecca Zorach). Northwestern University Press, 2017. ISBN * ''The History of Black Studies'' (October 2021), London: Pluto Press<ref>Alkalimat, Abdul (2021). ''[https://www.plutobooks.com/9780745344225/the-history-of-black-studies/ The History of Black Studies]''. London: Pluto Press. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>9780745344225</bdi>.</ref> * ''[https://www.thriftbooks.com/w/dialectics-of-liberation-the-african-liberation-support-movement-paperback_abdul-alkalimat/35434334/#edition=64153167 Dialectics of Liberation: The African Liberation Support Movement]'' (2022), Africa World Press == Dikgokagano tsa kwa ntle == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 81urfy24iq5fuzsh98u2ecnza0oemxw 0 15156 55171 2026-09-21T12:26:11Z Cruiselady 12522 ke loketse di linki tsa ditshupetso 55171 wikitext text/x-wiki Setlhare sa Jakaranta ke sengwe sa selthare tse bontle ba tsona bo gakgamatsang mo AforikaBorwa, se fitlhelwa mo mafelong ale mantsi mo nageng ya rona e fela se fitlhelwa thatathata kwa teropong ya Pretoria. Jakarata e itsege ka mmala wa sona o montle wa perese kana re kare bohibidu jo bo boputswa, jakaranta e thunya ka bontle jo bo gaisang fa nako ya selemo e iponagatsa ebile go thunyeng ga sona go dira gore mebila a le mentsi mo teropong ya Pretoria e bonagale e le mantle go gaisa, seno se tlhagisa fa setlhare se se tlisa lesedi lele gokelang batho go tla go bona bontle jono.<ref>https://newcontree.org.za/index.php/nc/article/view/34</ref> Setlhare se se nna le dikala tse dintsi tse di anameng fa se ka gola sa nna segolo, matlhare a sone a matala e bo a nna mantsi mo dikaleng. Se dira ponagalo e e kgatlhang mo ebileng batho ba ratang go tsaa dinepe mo thoko ga tsona fa dithunya tsa sona dithunya bontle. Dinepe tsa bona di tlhagelela bontle, jakaranta ga se setlhare fela ka bontle jwa sona , se tshameka tema e botlhokwa mo tikologong ya rona ka go ntsha moya oo phepha mo tikologong ka re itsi fa ditlhare di thusa ka go ntsha mo moa o o phephang gore thusa go hema moa o o phepha le rona, e bile se thusa ka go dira meriti gore batho ba kgone go ka ikhutsa mo meriting eno go itshireletsa mo letsatsing gore letlalo la bona le seka le senngwa ke letsatsi.<ref>https://newcontree.org.za/index.php/nc/article/view/34</ref> Mo sebakeng sa jakaranta go thunya , batho bale bantsi ba tlala lethabo ka mebila e kgabila ka dithunya tsa jakaranta. Bana ba kgona gape goka ithuta ka botlhokwa jwa go tlhokomela ditlhare le tikologo gape ba ka ithuta ka go di jala. Rele batho re tshwanetse go tlhokomela jakaranta ka go di naa metsi, tlhokomelo gore di kgone go gola sentle,ka boripana jakaranta ke setlhare se se kgabisang tikologo , dithunya tsa tsona tsa perese di se dira gore se nne nngwe ya ditlhare tse di khethegileng.<ref>https://newcontree.org.za/index.php/nc/article/view/34</ref> kaaszodbsydbibj61l62g05afrned5u 55172 55171 2026-09-21T12:27:33Z Cruiselady 12522 ke kwetse setlhogo ka ditlhakakgolo 55172 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Setlhare sa Jakaranta''' ke sengwe sa selthare tse bontle ba tsona bo gakgamatsang mo AforikaBorwa, se fitlhelwa mo mafelong ale mantsi mo nageng ya rona e fela se fitlhelwa thatathata kwa teropong ya Pretoria. Jakarata e itsege ka mmala wa sona o montle wa perese kana re kare bohibidu jo bo boputswa, jakaranta e thunya ka bontle jo bo gaisang fa nako ya selemo e iponagatsa ebile go thunyeng ga sona go dira gore mebila a le mentsi mo teropong ya Pretoria e bonagale e le mantle go gaisa, seno se tlhagisa fa setlhare se se tlisa lesedi lele gokelang batho go tla go bona bontle jono.<ref>https://newcontree.org.za/index.php/nc/article/view/34</ref> Setlhare se se nna le dikala tse dintsi tse di anameng fa se ka gola sa nna segolo, matlhare a sone a matala e bo a nna mantsi mo dikaleng. Se dira ponagalo e e kgatlhang mo ebileng batho ba ratang go tsaa dinepe mo thoko ga tsona fa dithunya tsa sona dithunya bontle. Dinepe tsa bona di tlhagelela bontle, jakaranta ga se setlhare fela ka bontle jwa sona , se tshameka tema e botlhokwa mo tikologong ya rona ka go ntsha moya oo phepha mo tikologong ka re itsi fa ditlhare di thusa ka go ntsha mo moa o o phephang gore thusa go hema moa o o phepha le rona, e bile se thusa ka go dira meriti gore batho ba kgone go ka ikhutsa mo meriting eno go itshireletsa mo letsatsing gore letlalo la bona le seka le senngwa ke letsatsi.<ref>https://newcontree.org.za/index.php/nc/article/view/34</ref> Mo sebakeng sa jakaranta go thunya , batho bale bantsi ba tlala lethabo ka mebila e kgabila ka dithunya tsa jakaranta. Bana ba kgona gape goka ithuta ka botlhokwa jwa go tlhokomela ditlhare le tikologo gape ba ka ithuta ka go di jala. Rele batho re tshwanetse go tlhokomela jakaranta ka go di naa metsi, tlhokomelo gore di kgone go gola sentle,ka boripana jakaranta ke setlhare se se kgabisang tikologo , dithunya tsa tsona tsa perese di se dira gore se nne nngwe ya ditlhare tse di khethegileng.<ref>https://newcontree.org.za/index.php/nc/article/view/34</ref> l0ivlhn419h2l8llpipbfe3itphqbjo 55173 55172 2026-09-21T12:33:51Z Cruiselady 12522 ke loketse dinepe tsa setlhare sa jakaranta 55173 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Jacaranda tree 3.jpg|thumb|setlhare sa jakaranta]] '''Setlhare sa Jakaranta''' ke sengwe sa selthare tse bontle ba tsona bo gakgamatsang mo AforikaBorwa, se fitlhelwa mo mafelong ale mantsi mo nageng ya rona e fela se fitlhelwa thatathata kwa teropong ya Pretoria. Jakarata e itsege ka mmala wa sona o montle wa perese kana re kare bohibidu jo bo boputswa, jakaranta e thunya ka bontle jo bo gaisang fa nako ya selemo e iponagatsa ebile go thunyeng ga sona go dira gore mebila a le mentsi mo teropong ya Pretoria e bonagale e le mantle go gaisa, seno se tlhagisa fa setlhare se se tlisa lesedi lele gokelang batho go tla go bona bontle jono.<ref>https://newcontree.org.za/index.php/nc/article/view/34</ref> Setlhare se se nna le dikala tse dintsi tse di anameng fa se ka gola sa nna segolo, matlhare a sone a matala e bo a nna mantsi mo dikaleng. Se dira ponagalo e e kgatlhang mo ebileng batho ba ratang go tsaa dinepe mo thoko ga tsona fa dithunya tsa sona dithunya bontle. Dinepe tsa bona di tlhagelela bontle, jakaranta ga se setlhare fela ka bontle jwa sona , se tshameka tema e botlhokwa mo tikologong ya rona ka go ntsha moya oo phepha mo tikologong ka re itsi fa ditlhare di thusa ka go ntsha mo moa o o phephang gore thusa go hema moa o o phepha le rona, e bile se thusa ka go dira meriti gore batho ba kgone go ka ikhutsa mo meriting eno go itshireletsa mo letsatsing gore letlalo la bona le seka le senngwa ke letsatsi.<ref>https://newcontree.org.za/index.php/nc/article/view/34</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Jacaranda Trees Pretoria.jpg|thumb|Setlhare sa Jaranta ko Pretoria]] Mo sebakeng sa jakaranta go thunya , batho bale bantsi ba tlala lethabo ka mebila e kgabila ka dithunya tsa jakaranta. Bana ba kgona gape goka ithuta ka botlhokwa jwa go tlhokomela ditlhare le tikologo gape ba ka ithuta ka go di jala. Rele batho re tshwanetse go tlhokomela jakaranta ka go di naa metsi, tlhokomelo gore di kgone go gola sentle,ka boripana jakaranta ke setlhare se se kgabisang tikologo , dithunya tsa tsona tsa perese di se dira gore se nne nngwe ya ditlhare tse di khethegileng.<ref>https://newcontree.org.za/index.php/nc/article/view/34</ref> cegv1llhkb3y6pz423oj55jpwaeiakg 0 15157 55175 2026-09-21T13:16:55Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352728904|Sharifa Alkhateeb]]" 55175 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sharifa Tahiya Alkhateeb''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola borataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borataro (1946) – Go fitlha a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Phalane masome a mabedi le bongwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004) e ne e le mokwadi wa Moamerika, mmatlisisi le morutabana wa tlhaeletsano ya setso le go aga sechaba sa Boiselamo le Mamoseleme kwa United States. O ne a tsaa karolo mo ditirong tsa go ema basadi, go thibela kgokgontsho ya mo gae, mmogo le mekgatlho ya ditumelo tse di farologaneng le ya thuto. O simolodisitse mokgatlho wa ntlha wa lefatshe ka bophara wa basadi ba Mamoseleme kwa US mme e ne e le mosadi wa ntlha go amogela Seetsele sa ditirelo ya Banni go tswa go Mokgatlho wa Bamoseleme wa Bokone jwa Amerika . == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Alkhateeb o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola borataro , ngwaga wa seke, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borataro (1946), kwa Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . <ref>{{Cite web |title=United States, Social Security Numerical Identification Files (NUMIDENT), 1936-2007 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6K95-5F13 |website=FamilySearch}}</ref> Rraagwe e ne e le Hajji Abdullah Ahmad Bey ( 1920-2006 ), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hajji Ahmad Obituary (2006) - Philadelphia, PA - The Philadelphia Inquirer |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/inquirer/name/hajji-ahmad-obituary?id=11016757 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> yo o tsholetsweng kwa Baltimore, <ref>{{Cite web |title=United States, Public Records, 1970-2009 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QJCY-J6Z9 |website=FamilySearch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 1942 |title=Pennsylvania, World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1940-1945 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q2SX-TC8L |website=FamilySearch}}</ref> wa letso lwa Moaforika-Amerika <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 1920 |title=United States, Census, 1920 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6QM-NSC |website=FamilySearch}}</ref> yo o neng a direla Lephata la Bosechaba la Banana . Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le boraro (1943), <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 1943 |title=Delaware, Marriage Records, 1913-1954 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:F392-KL4 |website=FamilySearch}}</ref> o ne a nyala mmaagwe, e bong Anna Louise ( ''yo o tsholetsweng'' kwa Wilmington, kwa Delaware, yo o neng a tswa mo losikeng lwa Katoliki lwa Czech. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2004 |title=In Memoriam: Dr. Sharifa Alkhateeb (1946-2004) |url=https://www.wrmea.org/004-december/in-memoriam-dr.-sharifa-alkhateeb-1946-2004.html |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=WRMEA |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1945-03-09 |title=The Aegis from Bel Air, Maryland |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/869003247/ |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Log in - Catholic Heritage Archive |url=https://www.catholicheritagearchive.com/Identity/Account/Login?ReturnUrl=%2FImage%2FS2%2FUS%2FBALT%2FHD03%2FBOX05%2FAB163%2F0552 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=www.catholicheritagearchive.com}}</ref> Bonkukuagwe Anna(motsala-mmaagwe) ba tsholetswe kwa Jetětice le kwa Chabeřice . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Log in - Catholic Heritage Archive |url=https://www.catholicheritagearchive.com/Identity/Account/Login?ReturnUrl=%2FImage%2FS2%2FUS%2FBALT%2FHD03%2FBOX05%2FAB163%2F0094 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=www.catholicheritagearchive.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=DigiArchiv of SRA Trebon - ver. 25.07.28 |url=https://digi.ceskearchivy.cz/DA?menu=3&id=2665&page=63&x=1742&y=1787&z=38&r=0 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=digi.ceskearchivy.cz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Státní oblastní archiv v Praze |url=https://ebadatelna.soapraha.cz/d/9521/273 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=ebadatelna.soapraha.cz}}</ref> Fa Alkhateeb a sena go fetsa sekolo se segolwane, o ne a tswelela ka dithuto tsa gagwe, a amogela dithuto tsa gagwe tsa BA mo Dikwalong tsa Sekgowa kwa Sekolong se setona sa Pennsylvania . <ref name="NYT obit">{{Cite news|last1=Bayot|first1=Jennifer|title=Sharifa Alkhateeb, Feminist Within Islam, Dies at 58|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/04/arts/sharifa-alkhateeb-feminist-within-islam-dies-at-58.html|access-date=November 18, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=November 4, 2004|location=New York City, New York}}</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le kwa Sekolong sa Pennsylvania, o ne a tsenelela mokgatlho wa basadi wa dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro ( 1960), a sa ke a utlwa gore go na le kgotlhang fa gare ga ditumelo tsa gagwe tsa bodumedi le bomme ba bangwe . Fa a sena go wetsa dithuto tsa gagwe pele ga kalogo, o ne a bona dithuto tsa Masters ya gagwe ya bodumedi jo bo bapisiwang kwa Sekolong se setona sa Norwich, kwa Northfield,Vermont, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa ( 1977), o ne a rulaganya thanolo ya Quran e e neng ya gatisiwa ke Marmaduke Pickthall . <ref name="Wash Post obit">{{Cite news|last1=Schudel|first1=Matt|title=Sharifa Alkhateeb Dies; U.S. Muslim Scholar|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A766-2004Oct26.html|access-date=November 18, 2015|work=The Washington Post|date=October 27, 2004|location=Washington, DC}}</ref> Gare ga ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi le ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1978 le 1987), Alkhateeb le monna wa gagwe, Mejdi Alkhateeb, ba ne ba nna kwa Saudi Arabia, kwa a neng a bereka teng e le mmegadikgang wa ''Saudi Gazette'' ebile a ruta <ref name="WRMEA tribute">{{Cite web |last=Hanley |first=Delinda C. |date=December 2004 |title=Dr. Sharifa Alkhateeb |url=http://www.wrmea.org/2004-december/in-memoriam-dr.-sharifa-alkhateeb-1946-2004.html |access-date=18 November 2015 |publisher=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs |page=51}}</ref> kwa Sekolong se setona sa Saudi le kwa dikolong tse di ikemetseng . Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1988), banyalani bao ba ne ba boela kwa United States, ba nna kwa bokone jwa Virginia, mme Alkhateeb o ne a bereka e ele mogakolodi kwa Dikolo tsa Sechaba tsa Fairfax County kwa Fairfax, Virginia, <ref name="Wash Post obit" /> a tlhagisa thulaganyo ya setshwantsho sa motshikinyego e e bidiwang "Middle Eastern Parentng", <ref name="NYT obit" /> e e neng e gasiwa go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro <ref name="WRMEA tribute" /> Kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990), o ne a nna morulaganyi yo o okametseng wa ''bobegadikgang jwa American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences'' (AJISS) <ref name="NYT obit" /> mme o ne a kwala buka ya ''Arab World Notebook'', e e leng buka ya dithuto tsa loago e e dirisiwang mo tsamaisong yotlhe ya dikolo tsa puso kwa United States. <ref name="Wash Post obit" /> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989)go fitlha a tlhokafala, Alkhateeb o ne a bereka e le Tautona wa Lekgotla la Thuto la Bamoseleme, le e leng mokgatlho wa kgaolo o o neng o titebagantse le go ruta batsamaisi ka ngwao ya Boiselamo. <ref name="Fairfax">{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=Sharifa Alkhateeb Memorial Scholarship |url=https://www.collegeaccessfairfax.org/sharifa_alkhateeb_memorial_scholarship.html |access-date=November 18, 2015 |publisher=College Access Fairfax}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa seketee, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992), o ne a simolodisa [[North American Council for Muslim Women|Lekgotla la Basadi ba Bamoseleme la Amerika Bokone le le bitswang]] North American Council for Muslim Women (NACMW) mme a nna Tautona wa lone wa ntlha. NACMW e ne e le mokgatlo wa pele wa basadi ba Mamoseleme kwa Amerika. O ne a tsena ka go simolodisa ya lenaneo la ditherisano la mekgatlho e e itebagantseng le matlhoki a basadi ba Mamoseleme mme a ba tlhamela mogala wa ntlha wa dithuso. <ref name="Cornell">{{Cite journal |last=Barazangi |first=Nimat Hafez |date=2004 |title=The Legacy of a Remarkable Muslim Woman: Sharifa Alkhateeb |url=https://hdl.handle.net/1813/7784 |hdl=1813/7784 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1995), Alkhateeb o ne a bereka e le Modulasetilo wa Lekgotla la Bamoseleme kwa Bokopanong jwa bone jwa basadi jwa Lefatshe Lotlhe o bidiwang (Fourth World Conference on Women ) jo bo neng bo biditswe ke lekgotla la dichabachaba la United Nations kwa Beijing, China. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998), o ne a tlhoma tiro ya Malapa a a Nang le Kagiso e e bidiwang Peaceful Families Project<ref name="Cornell" /> mmogo le Lephata la Bosiamisi, go sekaseka kgokgontsho mo sechabeng sa Bamoseleme. Patlisiso e e neng ya tswa, e nnile patlisiso ya ntlha ya lefatshe ka bophara ka ga kgokgontsho ya mo gae mo sechabeng. <ref name="Fairfax" /> Morago ga ditlhaselo tsa 9/11, Alkhateeb o ne a golaganya maiteko a "setlhopha sa ditumelo tse di farologaneng sa dikereke le dikago go tlhofofatsa dipuisano le ditumalano". <ref name="WRMEA tribute" /> O ne a nna Moeteledipele wa Setlhopha sa Botlhabagare/Bamoseleme sa tiro ya go Itshokela Banni , e e neng e thusiwa ka madi ke lekalana la Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), jaaka lefelo la dikgakololo ya mathata kwa bokone jwa Virginia morago ga ditlhaselo. <ref name="Fairfax" /> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004), o ne a amogela Seetsele sa Ditirelo ya Sechaba go tswa go Mokgatlho wa Boiselamo wa bokone jwa Amerika , o bidiwang Islamic Society of North America mme a nna mosadi wa ntlha go amogela tlotla eo. Kgwedi efela morago ga moo, ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le masome a mabedi le bongwe , ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone, o ne a bolawa ke kankere ya Santlhoko kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa Ashburn, Virginia. Fa e sa le a tlhokafala, go ntse go dirwa maiteko a le mmalwa a go tlotla botshelo jwa gagwe. Gareng ga tseno ke tiro ya Malapa a a nang le Kagiso, <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 21, 2013 |title=Peaceful Families Project |url=http://www.peacefulfamilies.org |access-date=August 19, 2014 |publisher=Peacefulfamilies.org}}</ref> Seetsele sa Ditirelo tsa Sechaba sa Sharifa Alkhateeb se se neelwang ngwaga le ngwaga ke Mokgatlho wa Kgololesego wa MAS, le lekgotla la Segopotso sa Sharifa Alkhateeb sa Dikolo tsa Sechaba tsa Fairfax County. <ref>{{Cite web |title=College Access Fairfax - Scholarships |url=http://caf.squarespace.com/scholarships/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820124728/http://caf.squarespace.com/scholarships/ |archive-date=August 20, 2008}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == == Dikgokagano tsa kwa ntle == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] jxir3g3bvs6d3sfsvqf3f1fxzdgq06c 55176 55175 2026-09-21T13:26:57Z MmaBaggio 11091 55176 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sharifa Tahiya Alkhateeb''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola borataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borataro (1946) – Go fitlha a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Phalane masome a mabedi le bongwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004) e ne e le mokwadi wa Moamerika, mmatlisisi le morutabana wa tlhaeletsano ya setso le go aga sechaba sa Boiselamo le Mamoseleme kwa United States. O ne a tsaa karolo mo ditirong tsa go ema basadi, go thibela kgokgontsho ya mo gae, mmogo le mekgatlho ya ditumelo tse di farologaneng le ya thuto. O simolodisitse mokgatlho wa ntlha wa lefatshe ka bophara wa basadi ba Mamoseleme kwa US mme e ne e le mosadi wa ntlha go amogela Seetsele sa ditirelo ya Banni go tswa go [[Mokgatlho wa Bamoseleme wa Bokone jwa Amerika]] . {{Infobox person|name=Sharifa Alkhateeb|image=File:Sharifa Alkhateeb.jpg|alt=Sharifa Alkhateeb|birth_name=Thereffia Tahia Ahmad Bey|birth_date={{Birth date|1946|06|06}}|birth_place=[[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]|death_date={{Death date and age|2004|10|21|1946|06|06}}|death_place=[[Ashburn, Virginia]]|occupation=Morutabana, Mokwadi|children=Layla, Maha, Nasreen}} == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Alkhateeb o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola borataro , ngwaga wa seke, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borataro (1946), kwa [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=United States, Social Security Numerical Identification Files (NUMIDENT), 1936-2007 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6K95-5F13 |website=FamilySearch}}</ref> Rraagwe e ne e le [[Hajji]] Abdullah Ahmad Bey ( 1920-2006 ), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hajji Ahmad Obituary (2006) - Philadelphia, PA - The Philadelphia Inquirer |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/inquirer/name/hajji-ahmad-obituary?id=11016757 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> yo o tsholetsweng kwa [[Baltimore]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=United States, Public Records, 1970-2009 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QJCY-J6Z9 |website=FamilySearch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 1942 |title=Pennsylvania, World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1940-1945 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q2SX-TC8L |website=FamilySearch}}</ref> wa letso lwa Moaforika-Amerika <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 1920 |title=United States, Census, 1920 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6QM-NSC |website=FamilySearch}}</ref> yo o neng a direla Lephata la Bosechaba la Banana . Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le boraro (1943), <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 1943 |title=Delaware, Marriage Records, 1913-1954 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:F392-KL4 |website=FamilySearch}}</ref> o ne a nyala mmaagwe, e bong Anna Louise ( ''yo o tsholetsweng'' kwa Wilmington, kwa [[Delaware]], yo o neng a tswa mo losikeng lwa Katoliki lwa [[Czech]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2004 |title=In Memoriam: Dr. Sharifa Alkhateeb (1946-2004) |url=https://www.wrmea.org/004-december/in-memoriam-dr.-sharifa-alkhateeb-1946-2004.html |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=WRMEA |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1945-03-09 |title=The Aegis from Bel Air, Maryland |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/869003247/ |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Log in - Catholic Heritage Archive |url=https://www.catholicheritagearchive.com/Identity/Account/Login?ReturnUrl=%2FImage%2FS2%2FUS%2FBALT%2FHD03%2FBOX05%2FAB163%2F0552 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=www.catholicheritagearchive.com}}</ref> Bonkukuagwe Anna(motsala-mmaagwe) ba tsholetswe kwa [[Jetětice]] le kwa [[Chabeřice]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Log in - Catholic Heritage Archive |url=https://www.catholicheritagearchive.com/Identity/Account/Login?ReturnUrl=%2FImage%2FS2%2FUS%2FBALT%2FHD03%2FBOX05%2FAB163%2F0094 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=www.catholicheritagearchive.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=DigiArchiv of SRA Trebon - ver. 25.07.28 |url=https://digi.ceskearchivy.cz/DA?menu=3&id=2665&page=63&x=1742&y=1787&z=38&r=0 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=digi.ceskearchivy.cz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Státní oblastní archiv v Praze |url=https://ebadatelna.soapraha.cz/d/9521/273 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=ebadatelna.soapraha.cz}}</ref> Fa Alkhateeb a sena go fetsa sekolo se segolwane, o ne a tswelela ka dithuto tsa gagwe, a amogela dithuto tsa gagwe tsa BA mo Dikwalong tsa Sekgowa kwa [[Sekolong se setona sa Pennsylvania]] . <ref name="NYT obit">{{Cite news|last1=Bayot|first1=Jennifer|title=Sharifa Alkhateeb, Feminist Within Islam, Dies at 58|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/04/arts/sharifa-alkhateeb-feminist-within-islam-dies-at-58.html|access-date=November 18, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=November 4, 2004|location=New York City, New York}}</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le kwa Sekolong sa Pennsylvania, o ne a tsenelela mokgatlho wa basadi wa dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro ( 1960), a sa ke a utlwa gore go na le kgotlhang fa gare ga ditumelo tsa gagwe tsa bodumedi le bomme ba bangwe . Fa a sena go wetsa dithuto tsa gagwe pele ga kalogo, o ne a bona dithuto tsa Masters ya gagwe ya bodumedi jo bo bapisiwang kwa [[Sekolong se setona sa Norwich]], kwa [[Northfield,Vermont]], mme ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa ( 1977), o ne a rulaganya thanolo ya [[Quran]] e e neng ya gatisiwa ke [[Marmaduke Pickthall]] . <ref name="Wash Post obit">{{Cite news|last1=Schudel|first1=Matt|title=Sharifa Alkhateeb Dies; U.S. Muslim Scholar|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A766-2004Oct26.html|access-date=November 18, 2015|work=The Washington Post|date=October 27, 2004|location=Washington, DC}}</ref> Gare ga ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi le ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1978 le 1987), Alkhateeb le monna wa gagwe, Mejdi Alkhateeb, ba ne ba nna kwa [[Saudi Arabia]], kwa a neng a bereka teng e le mmegadikgang wa ''Saudi Gazette'' ebile a ruta <ref name="WRMEA tribute">{{Cite web |last=Hanley |first=Delinda C. |date=December 2004 |title=Dr. Sharifa Alkhateeb |url=http://www.wrmea.org/2004-december/in-memoriam-dr.-sharifa-alkhateeb-1946-2004.html |access-date=18 November 2015 |publisher=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs |page=51}}</ref> kwa Sekolong se setona sa Saudi le kwa dikolong tse di ikemetseng . Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1988), banyalani bao ba ne ba boela kwa United States, ba nna kwa bokone jwa Virginia, mme Alkhateeb o ne a bereka e ele mogakolodi kwa Dikolo tsa Sechaba tsa Fairfax County kwa Fairfax, Virginia, <ref name="Wash Post obit" /> a tlhagisa thulaganyo ya setshwantsho sa motshikinyego e e bidiwang "Middle Eastern Parentng", <ref name="NYT obit" /> e e neng e gasiwa go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro <ref name="WRMEA tribute" /> Kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990), o ne a nna morulaganyi yo o okametseng wa ''bobegadikgang jwa American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences'' (AJISS) <ref name="NYT obit" /> mme o ne a kwala buka ya ''Arab World Notebook'', e e leng buka ya dithuto tsa loago e e dirisiwang mo tsamaisong yotlhe ya dikolo tsa puso kwa United States. <ref name="Wash Post obit" /> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989)go fitlha a tlhokafala, Alkhateeb o ne a bereka e le Tautona wa Lekgotla la Thuto la Bamoseleme, le e leng mokgatlho wa kgaolo o o neng o titebagantse le go ruta batsamaisi ka ngwao ya Boiselamo. <ref name="Fairfax">{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=Sharifa Alkhateeb Memorial Scholarship |url=https://www.collegeaccessfairfax.org/sharifa_alkhateeb_memorial_scholarship.html |access-date=November 18, 2015 |publisher=College Access Fairfax}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa seketee, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992), o ne a simolodisa [[North American Council for Muslim Women|Lekgotla la Basadi ba Bamoseleme la Amerika Bokone le le bitswang]] [[:en:Fourth_World_Conference_on_Women|North American Council for Muslim Women]] (NACMW) mme a nna Tautona wa lone wa ntlha. NACMW e ne e le mokgatlo wa pele wa basadi ba Mamoseleme kwa Amerika. O ne a tsena ka go simolodisa ya lenaneo la ditherisano la mekgatlho e e itebagantseng le matlhoki a basadi ba Mamoseleme mme a ba tlhamela mogala wa ntlha wa dithuso. <ref name="Cornell">{{Cite journal |last=Barazangi |first=Nimat Hafez |date=2004 |title=The Legacy of a Remarkable Muslim Woman: Sharifa Alkhateeb |url=https://hdl.handle.net/1813/7784 |hdl=1813/7784 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1995), Alkhateeb o ne a bereka e le Modulasetilo wa Lekgotla la Bamoseleme kwa Bokopanong jwa bone jwa basadi jwa Lefatshe Lotlhe o bidiwang ([[:en:Fourth_World_Conference_on_Women|Fourth World Conference on Women]] ) jo bo neng bo biditswe ke lekgotla la dichabachaba la United Nations kwa Beijing, China. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998), o ne a tlhoma tiro ya Malapa a a Nang le Kagiso e e bidiwang [[:en:Peaceful_Families_Project|Peaceful Families Project]]<ref name="Cornell" /> mmogo le Lephata la Bosiamisi, go sekaseka kgokgontsho mo sechabeng sa Bamoseleme. Patlisiso e e neng ya tswa, e nnile patlisiso ya ntlha ya lefatshe ka bophara ka ga kgokgontsho ya mo gae mo sechabeng. <ref name="Fairfax" /> Morago ga ditlhaselo tsa 9/11, Alkhateeb o ne a golaganya maiteko a "setlhopha sa ditumelo tse di farologaneng sa dikereke le dikago go tlhofofatsa dipuisano le ditumalano". <ref name="WRMEA tribute" /> O ne a nna Moeteledipele wa Setlhopha sa Botlhabagare/Bamoseleme sa tiro ya go Itshokela Banni , e e neng e thusiwa ka madi ke lekalana la [[:en:Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency|Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA), jaaka lefelo la dikgakololo ya mathata kwa bokone jwa Virginia morago ga ditlhaselo. <ref name="Fairfax" /> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004), o ne a amogela Seetsele sa Ditirelo ya Sechaba go tswa go Mokgatlho wa Boiselamo wa bokone jwa Amerika , o bidiwang Islamic Society of North America mme a nna mosadi wa ntlha go amogela tlotla eo. Kgwedi efela morago ga moo, ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le masome a mabedi le bongwe , ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone, o ne a bolawa ke kankere ya Santlhoko kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa Ashburn, Virginia. Fa e sa le a tlhokafala, go ntse go dirwa maiteko a le mmalwa a go tlotla botshelo jwa gagwe. Gareng ga tseno ke tiro ya Malapa a a nang le Kagiso, <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 21, 2013 |title=Peaceful Families Project |url=http://www.peacefulfamilies.org |access-date=August 19, 2014 |publisher=Peacefulfamilies.org}}</ref> Seetsele sa Ditirelo tsa Sechaba sa Sharifa Alkhateeb se se neelwang ngwaga le ngwaga ke Mokgatlho wa Kgololesego wa MAS, le lekgotla la Segopotso sa Sharifa Alkhateeb sa Dikolo tsa Sechaba tsa Fairfax County. <ref>{{Cite web |title=College Access Fairfax - Scholarships |url=http://caf.squarespace.com/scholarships/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820124728/http://caf.squarespace.com/scholarships/ |archive-date=August 20, 2008}}</ref> == Dikgokagano tsa kwa ntle == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] <references /> r9j9zowg16j43s08bl4xywqcu5r2i4i 0 15158 55178 2026-09-21T13:53:42Z Atsile Edith 11759 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367725928|August Wilson]]" 55178 wikitext text/x-wiki '''August Wilson''' (ka '''Frederick August Kittel Jr.''' ; kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ka ngwaga wa 1945 – kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi , ka ngwaga wa 2005) e ne e le mokwadi wa motshameko wa tiragatso ya ditiragalo wa Moamerika. O bidiwa "mmoki wa bobogelo wa Amerika e Ntsho". <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Isherwood|first=Charles|date=October 3, 2005|title=August Wilson, Theater's Poet of Black America, Is Dead at 60 (Published 2005)|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/03/theater/newsandfeatures/august-wilson-theaters-poet-of-black-america-is-dead-at-60.html|access-date=October 12, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> O itsege thata ka motseletsele wa motshameko wa tiragatso ya ditiragalo di le lesome , tse di bidiwang mmogo <nowiki><i id="mwGA">The Pittsburgh Cycle</i></nowiki> (kgotsa ''The Century Cycle'' ) '','' tse di kwalang ka maitemogelo le boswa jwa setšhaba sa Maaforika-Amerika mo lekgolong la masome a mabedi la dingwaga. Metshameko wa tiragatso ya ditiragalo mo motseletseleng o di akaretsa ''Diterata'' (ka ngwaga wa1987) le ''Thuto ya Piano'' (ka ngwaga wa 1990), tse nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e neng ya gapa Wilson Mokgele wa Pulitzer wa Terama, mmogo le ''Black Bottom ya ga Ma Rainey'' ( ka ngwaga wa1984) le ''ya ga Joe Turner ya Tla le go Tsamaya'' (1988). Ka ngwaga wa 2006, Wilson o ne a tsenngwa mo lefelong la Botumo jwa Bobogelo jwa Amerika . Ditlhogo tse dingwe di simolola ka tirisobotlhaswa ya thulaganyo le ya ditso ya Maaforika a Amerika, dikamano tsa merafe, boitshupo, go fuduga, le go tlhaolwa ka lotso. Viola Davis o rile mokwalo wa ga Wilson "o tshwara metlae ya rona, makoa a rona, masetlapelo a rona, kgobalo ya rona. Mme o re dira batho. Mme o re letla go bua." <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 11, 2020 |title=Denzel Washington on bringing August Wilson's "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom" to the screen |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/denzel-washington-on-bringing-august-wilsons-ma-raineys-black-bottom-to-the-screen/ |access-date=December 24, 2020 |website=CBS News}}</ref> Fa e sa le Wilson a tlhokafala, metshameko ya go diragatsa ditiragalo ya gagwe e le tharo e ile ya fetolwa kgotsa a fetolwa gape go nna ditshwantso tse di tshikinyegang: ''Diterata'' (ka ngwaga wa 2016), ''Botlase jo Bontsho jwa ga Ma Rainey'' (ka ngwaga wa 2020) le ''Thuto ya Piano'' (ka ngwaga wa 2024). Denzel Washington o disitse ditshwantso tse di tshikinyegang mme o ikanne go tsweletsa boswa jwa ga Wilson ka go fetola metshameko e e supang ditiragalo tse dingwe tsotlhe tsa gagwe go nna ditshwantso tse di tshikinyegang tsa bareetsi ba bantsi. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Gratzinger|first=Ollie|date=August 14, 2022|title=Denzel Washington Honors August Wilson's Legacy at House Opening|language=en-US|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/14/theater/august-wilson-house-denzel-washington.html|access-date=August 15, 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Washington o rile, "karolo e kgolo ya se se setseng sa tiro ya me ke go netefatsa gore Phatwe o a tlhokomelwa". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Lindsey |date=October 2, 2020 |title=Denzel Washington Wants Samuel L. Jackson to Star in Film of August Wilson's The Piano Lesson |url=https://www.broadway.com/buzz/199971/denzel-washington-wants-samuel-l-jackson-to-star-in-film-of-august-wilsons-the-piano-lesson/ |access-date=December 24, 2020 |website=Playbill}}</ref> [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 07lxn11dafrj2jn0z1f3jbzomvjtx1x 55180 55178 2026-09-21T14:34:07Z Atsile Edith 11759 55180 wikitext text/x-wiki '''August Wilson''' (ka '''Frederick August Kittel Jr.''' ; kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ka ngwaga wa 1945 – kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi , ka ngwaga wa 2005) e ne e le mokwadi wa motshameko wa tiragatso ya ditiragalo wa Moamerika. O bidiwa "mmoki wa bobogelo wa Amerika e Ntsho". <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Isherwood|first=Charles|date=October 3, 2005|title=August Wilson, Theater's Poet of Black America, Is Dead at 60 (Published 2005)|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/03/theater/newsandfeatures/august-wilson-theaters-poet-of-black-america-is-dead-at-60.html|access-date=October 12, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> O itsege thata ka motseletsele wa motshameko wa tiragatso ya ditiragalo di le lesome , tse di bidiwang mmogo [[:en:August_Wilson#The_Pittsburgh_Cycle|The Pittsburgh Cycle]] (kgotsa ''The Century Cycle'' ) '','' tse di kwalang ka maitemogelo le boswa jwa setšhaba sa Maaforika-Amerika mo lekgolong la masome a mabedi la dingwaga. Metshameko wa tiragatso ya ditiragalo mo motseletseleng o di akaretsa ''[[:en:Fences_(play)|Fences (Diterata)]]'' (ka ngwaga wa1987) le ''[[:en:The_Piano_Lesson|Thuto ya Piano]]'' (ka ngwaga wa 1990), tse nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e neng ya gapa Wilson [[:en:Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama|Mokgele wa Pulitzer wa Terama]], mmogo le ''[[:en:Ma_Rainey's_Black_Bottom|Black Bottom ya ga Ma Rainey]]'' ( ka ngwaga wa1984) le ''[[:en:Joe_Turner's_Come_and_Gone|ya ga Joe Turner ya Tla le go Tsamaya]]'' (1988). Ka ngwaga wa 2006, Wilson o ne a tsenngwa mo lefelong la Botumo jwa Bobogelo jwa Amerika . Ditlhogo tse dingwe di simolola ka tirisobotlhaswa ya thulaganyo le ya ditso ya Maaforika a Amerika, [[:en:Race_relations|dikamano tsa merafe]], boitshupo, go fuduga, le go tlhaolwa ka lotso. [[:en:Viola_Davis|Viola Davis]] o rile mokwalo wa ga Wilson "o tshwara metlae ya rona, makoa a rona, masetlapelo a rona, kgobalo ya rona. Mme o re dira batho. Mme o re letla go bua." <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 11, 2020 |title=Denzel Washington on bringing August Wilson's "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom" to the screen |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/denzel-washington-on-bringing-august-wilsons-ma-raineys-black-bottom-to-the-screen/ |access-date=December 24, 2020 |website=CBS News}}</ref> Fa e sa le Wilson a tlhokafala, metshameko ya go diragatsa ditiragalo ya gagwe e le tharo e ile ya fetolwa kgotsa a fetolwa gape go nna ditshwantso tse di tshikinyegang: ''[[:en:Fences_(film)|Diterata]]'' (ka ngwaga wa 2016), ''[[:en:Ma_Rainey's_Black_Bottom_(film)|Bontsho jo bo kotlase jwa ga Ma Rainey]]'' (ka ngwaga wa 2020) le ''[[:en:The_Piano_Lesson_(2024_film)|Thuto ya Piano]]'' (ka ngwaga wa 2024). [[:en:Denzel_Washington|Denzel Washington]] o disitse ditshwantso tse di tshikinyegang mme o ikanne go tsweletsa boswa jwa ga Wilson ka go fetola metshameko e e supang ditiragalo tse dingwe tsotlhe tsa gagwe go nna ditshwantso tse di tshikinyegang tsa bareetsi ba bantsi. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Gratzinger|first=Ollie|date=August 14, 2022|title=Denzel Washington Honors August Wilson's Legacy at House Opening|language=en-US|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/14/theater/august-wilson-house-denzel-washington.html|access-date=August 15, 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Washington o rile, "karolo e kgolo ya se se setseng sa tiro ya me ke go netefatsa gore Phatwe o a tlhokomelwa". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Lindsey |date=October 2, 2020 |title=Denzel Washington Wants Samuel L. Jackson to Star in Film of August Wilson's The Piano Lesson |url=https://www.broadway.com/buzz/199971/denzel-washington-wants-samuel-l-jackson-to-star-in-film-of-august-wilsons-the-piano-lesson/ |access-date=December 24, 2020 |website=Playbill}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa kwa tshimologong == Wilson o ne a tsholwa a bidiwa Frederick August Kittel Jr. kwa [[:en:Hill_District|Hill District]] kwa [[:en:Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania. E ne e le ngwana wa bone mo baneng ba le barataro. Rraagwe, Frederick August Kittel Sr., e ne e le mojaki wa kwa [[:en:Sudeten_Germans|Sudeten Germany]] yo o neng a dira tiro ya go apaya borotho le dikuku. Mmaagwe, Daisy Wilson, e ne e le mosadi wa Moamerika le Moafrika yo o neng a tswa kwa North Carolina mme a dira tiro ya go phepafatsa matlo gore a bone madi a go itshedisa.<ref name=":2">Isherwood, Charles (October 3, 2005). [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/03/theater/newsandfeatures/august-wilson-theaters-poet-of-black-america-is-dead-at-60.html "August Wilson, Theater's Poet of Black America, Is Dead at 60".] ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved April 21, 2026.</ref> Go ya ka ditiragalo tse di neng di anelwa mo lelapeng, nkokoagwe Wilson ka fa mmaagweng o ne a tsamaya ka dinao go tswa kwa North Carolina go ya kwa Pennsylvania a batla botshelo jo bo botoka. Mmaagwe Wilson o ne a godisa bana a le nosi go fitlha Wilson a nna le dingwaga di le tlhano mo ntlung ya matlhatlhagane e e nang le dikamore di le pedi kwa morago ga lebentlele la dijo kwa tseleng ya 1727 Bedford . Rraagwe o ne a sa bonale thata mo botshelong jwa gagwe jwa bongwana. Moragonyana, Wilson o ne a simolola go dirisa sefane sa ga mmaagwe mo dikwalong tsa gagwe. Baagisanyi ba ba neng e humanegile mo itsholelong kwa a neng a godisetswa teng e ne e na le batswakwa ba batho ba bantsho ba Amerika ba le bantsi, ba Bajuta le Ba-Italiana. Botshelo bo ne bo le bokete mo baneng ba ga Kittel ka gonne ba ne ba na le batsadi ba ditso tse di farologaneng. August o ne a thatafalelwa ke go itse gore o amana le setso sefe, mme ka lobaka lo loleele o ne a sa ikutlwe a amogelesegile ka botlalo mo setsong sa batho ba bantsho ba Amerika kgotsa mo setsong sa batho ba basweu go fitlhela nako ntse e tsamaa. Mmaagwe Wilson o ne a tlhalana le rraagwe mme a nyalwa ke David Bedford mo dingwageng tsa bo1950. Lelapa le ne la fuduga go tswa kwa Hill District go ya kwa [[:en:Hazelwood_(Pittsburgh)|Hazelwood]], e ka nako eo e neng e tletse batho ba basweu ba badiri. Kwa legaeng la bone le lesha, ba ne ba kopana le kgethololo ya semorafe. Batho ba ne ba latlhela maje a ditena mo fensetereng ya ntlo ya bone. Moragonyana ba ne ba patelediwa go tswa mo ntlong eo mme ba fudugela kwa legaeng le lengwe.<ref name=":3">Little, Johnathan (2000). [[iarchive:twentiethcentury228whea_0|''Twentieth-Century American Dramatists: Second Series''.]] [[:en:Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]]: Gale. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-3137-6|978-0-7876-3137-6]]</bdi>.</ref> Hill District moragonyana e ne ya nna lefelo le ditiragalo tsa bontsi jwa metshameko ya ''Pittsburgh Cycle'' di neng tsa diragalela kwa go lone. Maitemogelo a Wilson a go gola koo, mmogo le seabe se segolo sa mmaagwe mo lelapeng, di ne tsa ama tsela e a neng a kwala metshameko ya gagwe ka yone.<ref>Shannon, Sandra G. (1991). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44485235 "The Fences They Build: August Wilson's Depiction of African-American Women".] ''Obsidian II''. '''6''' (2): 1–17. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0888-4412 0888-4412]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44485235 44485235].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh - IMG 0789.jpg|thumb|letshwao la ditshwantso tsa motshikinyego la [https://web.archive.org/web/20150221232338/http://video.pbs.org/video/2365429059/ Beng ba Amerika, August Wilson: Lefatshe le ke emeng mo go lone, PBS], 1:24:39 <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150221232338/http://video.pbs.org/video/2365429059/ "American Masters, August Wilson: The Ground on Which I Stand"]. [[:en:PBS|PBS]]. February 20, 2012. Archived from [http://video.pbs.org/video/2365429059/ the original] on February 21, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.</ref>]] A godiseditswe mo tumelong ya Kereke ya Katoliki, ka ngwaga wa 1959, Wilson e ne e le mongwe wa baithuti ba le lesome le bonè ba Maaforika a Amerika kwa [[:en:Central_Catholic_High_School_(Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania)|sekolong se segolwane sa Central Catholic]] ,mme o ne a tlogela sekolo morago ga ngwaga o le mongwe.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Hartigan, Patti (August 3, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/03/theater/august-wilson-biography-patti-hartigan.html "The Playwright Who Changed the Face of American Theater"]. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved April 21, 2026.</ref> Morago ga moo, o ne a tsena kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Connelley Vocational , mme a fitlhela gore dithuto tsa teng di ne di se boima mo go ene. Ka ngwaga wa 1960, fa a ne a le mo mophatong wa bolesome, o ne a tlogela sekolo se segolwane sa Gladstone morago ga gore morutabana wa gagwe a mo latofatse ka gore o ne a [[:en:Plagiarism|dirisitse tiro ya motho yo mongwe jaaka ya gagwe]] e e neng e le pampiri ya ditsebe di le masome a mabedi e a neng a e kwadile ka [[:en:Napoleon_I_of_France|Napoleon wa Ntlha wa France]]. Wilson o ne a fitlha tshwetso ya gagwe mo go mmaagwe ka gonne o ne a sa batle go mo swabisa. Fa a ne a le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro, o ne a simolola go dira ditiro tse di sa tlhokeng bokgoni jo bo kgethegileng kwa a ne a kopana le batho ba le bantsi ba ba farologaneng, mme bangwe ba bone ba ne ba nna sekao sa baanelwa bangwe ba a neng a ba tlhama moragonyana, jaaka Sam mo go ''The Janitor'' ka ngwaga wa 1985.<ref name=":3" /> Wilson o ne a dirisa [[:en:Carnegie_Library_of_Pittsburgh|lefelo la dibuka le go bala la Carnegie la Pittsburgh]] thata, mme moragonyana lefelo leo a dibuka ya mo fa setlankana sa tlotlo sa go aloga kwa sekolong se segolwane. Wilson, yo o neng a re o ithutile go bala fa a ne a le dingwaga di le nne, o ne a simolola go bala dibuka tsa bakwadi ba Maaforika a Amerika kwa lefelong la dibuka fa a ne a le dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi a bo a fetsa dingwaga tsotlhe tse di neng tsa latela tsa bolesome a itshedisa ka kitso ka go bala dibuka tsa bakwadi ba ba jaaka [[:en:Ralph_Ellison|Ralph Ellison]], [[:en:Richard_Wright_(author)|Richard Wright]], [[:en:Langston_Hughes|Langston Hughes]], [[:en:Arna_Bontemps|Arna Bontemps]] le ba bangwe.<ref name=":3" /> [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 8md85ztpz2abt2jlu7miexatswv9uhy 55185 55180 2026-09-21T15:46:33Z Atsile Edith 11759 55185 wikitext text/x-wiki '''August Wilson''' (ka '''Frederick August Kittel Jr.''' ; kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ka ngwaga wa 1945 – kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi , ka ngwaga wa 2005) e ne e le mokwadi wa motshameko wa tiragatso ya ditiragalo wa Moamerika. O bidiwa "mmoki wa bobogelo wa Amerika e Ntsho". <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Isherwood|first=Charles|date=October 3, 2005|title=August Wilson, Theater's Poet of Black America, Is Dead at 60 (Published 2005)|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/03/theater/newsandfeatures/august-wilson-theaters-poet-of-black-america-is-dead-at-60.html|access-date=October 12, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> O itsege thata ka motseletsele wa motshameko wa tiragatso ya ditiragalo di le lesome , tse di bidiwang mmogo [[:en:August_Wilson#The_Pittsburgh_Cycle|The Pittsburgh Cycle]] (kgotsa ''The Century Cycle'' ) '','' tse di kwalang ka maitemogelo le boswa jwa setšhaba sa Maaforika-Amerika mo lekgolong la masome a mabedi la dingwaga. Metshameko wa tiragatso ya ditiragalo mo motseletseleng o di akaretsa ''[[:en:Fences_(play)|Fences (Diterata)]]'' (ka ngwaga wa1987) le ''[[:en:The_Piano_Lesson|Thuto ya Piano]]'' (ka ngwaga wa 1990), tse nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e neng ya gapa Wilson [[:en:Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama|Mokgele wa Pulitzer wa Terama]], mmogo le ''[[:en:Ma_Rainey's_Black_Bottom|Black Bottom ya ga Ma Rainey]]'' ( ka ngwaga wa1984) le ''[[:en:Joe_Turner's_Come_and_Gone|ya ga Joe Turner ya Tla le go Tsamaya]]'' (1988). Ka ngwaga wa 2006, Wilson o ne a tsenngwa mo lefelong la Botumo jwa Bobogelo jwa Amerika . Ditlhogo tse dingwe di simolola ka tirisobotlhaswa ya thulaganyo le ya ditso ya Maaforika a Amerika, [[:en:Race_relations|dikamano tsa merafe]], boitshupo, go fuduga, le go tlhaolwa ka lotso. [[:en:Viola_Davis|Viola Davis]] o rile mokwalo wa ga Wilson "o tshwara metlae ya rona, makoa a rona, masetlapelo a rona, kgobalo ya rona. Mme o re dira batho. Mme o re letla go bua." <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 11, 2020 |title=Denzel Washington on bringing August Wilson's "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom" to the screen |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/denzel-washington-on-bringing-august-wilsons-ma-raineys-black-bottom-to-the-screen/ |access-date=December 24, 2020 |website=CBS News}}</ref> Fa e sa le Wilson a tlhokafala, metshameko ya go diragatsa ditiragalo ya gagwe e le tharo e ile ya fetolwa kgotsa a fetolwa gape go nna ditshwantso tse di tshikinyegang: ''[[:en:Fences_(film)|Diterata]]'' (ka ngwaga wa 2016), ''[[:en:Ma_Rainey's_Black_Bottom_(film)|Bontsho jo bo kotlase jwa ga Ma Rainey]]'' (ka ngwaga wa 2020) le ''[[:en:The_Piano_Lesson_(2024_film)|Thuto ya Piano]]'' (ka ngwaga wa 2024). [[:en:Denzel_Washington|Denzel Washington]] o disitse ditshwantso tse di tshikinyegang mme o ikanne go tsweletsa boswa jwa ga Wilson ka go fetola metshameko e e supang ditiragalo tse dingwe tsotlhe tsa gagwe go nna ditshwantso tse di tshikinyegang tsa bareetsi ba bantsi. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Gratzinger|first=Ollie|date=August 14, 2022|title=Denzel Washington Honors August Wilson's Legacy at House Opening|language=en-US|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/14/theater/august-wilson-house-denzel-washington.html|access-date=August 15, 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Washington o rile, "karolo e kgolo ya se se setseng sa tiro ya me ke go netefatsa gore Phatwe o a tlhokomelwa". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Lindsey |date=October 2, 2020 |title=Denzel Washington Wants Samuel L. Jackson to Star in Film of August Wilson's The Piano Lesson |url=https://www.broadway.com/buzz/199971/denzel-washington-wants-samuel-l-jackson-to-star-in-film-of-august-wilsons-the-piano-lesson/ |access-date=December 24, 2020 |website=Playbill}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa kwa tshimologong == Wilson o ne a tsholwa a bidiwa Frederick August Kittel Jr. kwa [[:en:Hill_District|Hill District]] kwa [[:en:Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania. E ne e le ngwana wa bone mo baneng ba le barataro. Rraagwe, Frederick August Kittel Sr., e ne e le mojaki wa kwa [[:en:Sudeten_Germans|Sudeten Germany]] yo o neng a dira tiro ya go apaya borotho le dikuku. Mmaagwe, Daisy Wilson, e ne e le mosadi wa Moamerika le Moafrika yo o neng a tswa kwa North Carolina mme a dira tiro ya go phepafatsa matlo gore a bone madi a go itshedisa.<ref name=":2">Isherwood, Charles (October 3, 2005). [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/03/theater/newsandfeatures/august-wilson-theaters-poet-of-black-america-is-dead-at-60.html "August Wilson, Theater's Poet of Black America, Is Dead at 60".] ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved April 21, 2026.</ref> Go ya ka ditiragalo tse di neng di anelwa mo lelapeng, nkokoagwe Wilson ka fa mmaagweng o ne a tsamaya ka dinao go tswa kwa North Carolina go ya kwa Pennsylvania a batla botshelo jo bo botoka. Mmaagwe Wilson o ne a godisa bana a le nosi go fitlha Wilson a nna le dingwaga di le tlhano mo ntlung ya matlhatlhagane e e nang le dikamore di le pedi kwa morago ga lebentlele la dijo kwa tseleng ya 1727 Bedford . Rraagwe o ne a sa bonale thata mo botshelong jwa gagwe jwa bongwana. Moragonyana, Wilson o ne a simolola go dirisa sefane sa ga mmaagwe mo dikwalong tsa gagwe. Baagisanyi ba ba neng e humanegile mo itsholelong kwa a neng a godisetswa teng e ne e na le batswakwa ba batho ba bantsho ba Amerika ba le bantsi, ba Bajuta le Ba-Italiana. Botshelo bo ne bo le bokete mo baneng ba ga Kittel ka gonne ba ne ba na le batsadi ba ditso tse di farologaneng. August o ne a thatafalelwa ke go itse gore o amana le setso sefe, mme ka lobaka lo loleele o ne a sa ikutlwe a amogelesegile ka botlalo mo setsong sa batho ba bantsho ba Amerika kgotsa mo setsong sa batho ba basweu go fitlhela nako ntse e tsamaa. Mmaagwe Wilson o ne a tlhalana le rraagwe mme a nyalwa ke David Bedford mo dingwageng tsa bo1950. Lelapa le ne la fuduga go tswa kwa Hill District go ya kwa [[:en:Hazelwood_(Pittsburgh)|Hazelwood]], e ka nako eo e neng e tletse batho ba basweu ba badiri. Kwa legaeng la bone le lesha, ba ne ba kopana le kgethololo ya semorafe. Batho ba ne ba latlhela maje a ditena mo fensetereng ya ntlo ya bone. Moragonyana ba ne ba patelediwa go tswa mo ntlong eo mme ba fudugela kwa legaeng le lengwe.<ref name=":3">Little, Johnathan (2000). [[iarchive:twentiethcentury228whea_0|''Twentieth-Century American Dramatists: Second Series''.]] [[:en:Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]]: Gale. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-3137-6|978-0-7876-3137-6]]</bdi>.</ref> Hill District moragonyana e ne ya nna lefelo le ditiragalo tsa bontsi jwa metshameko ya ''Pittsburgh Cycle'' di neng tsa diragalela kwa go lone. Maitemogelo a Wilson a go gola koo, mmogo le seabe se segolo sa mmaagwe mo lelapeng, di ne tsa ama tsela e a neng a kwala metshameko ya gagwe ka yone.<ref>Shannon, Sandra G. (1991). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44485235 "The Fences They Build: August Wilson's Depiction of African-American Women".] ''Obsidian II''. '''6''' (2): 1–17. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0888-4412 0888-4412]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44485235 44485235].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh - IMG 0789.jpg|thumb|letshwao la ditshwantso tsa motshikinyego la [https://web.archive.org/web/20150221232338/http://video.pbs.org/video/2365429059/ Beng ba Amerika, August Wilson: Lefatshe le ke emeng mo go lone, PBS], 1:24:39 <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150221232338/http://video.pbs.org/video/2365429059/ "American Masters, August Wilson: The Ground on Which I Stand"]. [[:en:PBS|PBS]]. February 20, 2012. Archived from [http://video.pbs.org/video/2365429059/ the original] on February 21, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.</ref>]] A godiseditswe mo tumelong ya Kereke ya Katoliki, ka ngwaga wa 1959, Wilson e ne e le mongwe wa baithuti ba le lesome le bonè ba Maaforika a Amerika kwa [[:en:Central_Catholic_High_School_(Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania)|sekolong se segolwane sa Central Catholic]] ,mme o ne a tlogela sekolo morago ga ngwaga o le mongwe.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Hartigan, Patti (August 3, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/03/theater/august-wilson-biography-patti-hartigan.html "The Playwright Who Changed the Face of American Theater"]. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved April 21, 2026.</ref> Morago ga moo, o ne a tsena kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Connelley Vocational , mme a fitlhela gore dithuto tsa teng di ne di se boima mo go ene. Ka ngwaga wa 1960, fa a ne a le mo mophatong wa bolesome, o ne a tlogela sekolo se segolwane sa Gladstone morago ga gore morutabana wa gagwe a mo latofatse ka gore o ne a [[:en:Plagiarism|dirisitse tiro ya motho yo mongwe jaaka ya gagwe]] e e neng e le pampiri ya ditsebe di le masome a mabedi e a neng a e kwadile ka [[:en:Napoleon_I_of_France|Napoleon wa Ntlha wa France]]. Wilson o ne a fitlha tshwetso ya gagwe mo go mmaagwe ka gonne o ne a sa batle go mo swabisa. Fa a ne a le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro, o ne a simolola go dira ditiro tse di sa tlhokeng bokgoni jo bo kgethegileng kwa a ne a kopana le batho ba le bantsi ba ba farologaneng, mme bangwe ba bone ba ne ba nna sekao sa baanelwa bangwe ba a neng a ba tlhama moragonyana, jaaka Sam mo go ''The Janitor'' ka ngwaga wa 1985.<ref name=":3" /> Wilson o ne a dirisa [[:en:Carnegie_Library_of_Pittsburgh|lefelo la dibuka le go bala la Carnegie la Pittsburgh]] thata, mme moragonyana lefelo leo a dibuka ya mo fa setlankana sa tlotlo sa go aloga kwa sekolong se segolwane. Wilson, yo o neng a re o ithutile go bala fa a ne a le dingwaga di le nne, o ne a simolola go bala dibuka tsa bakwadi ba Maaforika a Amerika kwa lefelong la dibuka fa a ne a le dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi a bo a fetsa dingwaga tsotlhe tse di neng tsa latela tsa bolesome a itshedisa ka kitso ka go bala dibuka tsa bakwadi ba ba jaaka [[:en:Ralph_Ellison|Ralph Ellison]], [[:en:Richard_Wright_(author)|Richard Wright]], [[:en:Langston_Hughes|Langston Hughes]], [[:en:Arna_Bontemps|Arna Bontemps]] le ba bangwe.<ref name=":3" /> == Tiro == === Dingwaga tsa bo1960 === Wilson o ne a itse gore o batla go nna mokwadi, mme se se ne sa baka go sa utlwane magareng ga gagwe le mmaagwe, yo o neng a batla gore e nne mmueledi. Mmaagwe o ne a mo pateletsa go tswa mo ntlong ya lelapa, mme ka ngwaga wa 1962 o ne a tsenela Sesole sa United States dingwaga di le tharo mme o ne a ntshiwa mo sesoleng morago ga ngwaga o le mongwe,<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/american-literature-biographies/august-wilson "August Wilson | Encyclopedia.com".] ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved January 9, 2024.</ref> mme a boela go dira ditiro tse di farologaneng tse di sa tlhokeng bokgoni jo bo kgethegileng, jaaka go rwala merwalo, go apaya dijo tse di apewang ka bonako, go dira mo tshingwaneng le go tlhatswa dijana. Frederick August Kittel Jr. o ne a fetola leina la gagwe a nna August Wilson go tlotla mmaagwe morago ga loso lwa ga rraagwe ka ngwaga wa 1965. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a lemoga pina a blues e e neng e opelwa ke [[:en:Bessie_Smith|Bessie Smith]], mme a reka motšhene wa go kwala ditlhaka o o utswilweng ka didolara di le lesome o gantsi a ne a o isa kwa bathong ba ba adimang madi ka dilo tse di tlhwatlhwa fa a tlhoka madi.<ref name=":4">Lyons, Bonnie; George Plimpton (Winter 1999). [http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/839/the-art-of-theater-no-14-august-wilson "August Wilson, The Art of Theater No. 14".] ''The Paris Review''. Winter 1999 (153).</ref> Fa a ne a le dingwaga di le masome a mabedi, o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya gore o batla go nna mmoki mme a romela mekwalo ya gagwe kwa dimakasineng tse di jaaka ''[[:en:Harper's_Magazine|Harper's]].'' O ne a simolola go kwala mo mabakeng, kwa lebentleleng la disikara la mo lefelong la gae le kwa mafelong a go nwang kofi. O ne a kwala ka seatla mo disalafaneng tsa mo tafoleng le mo dibukeng tse dinnye tsa pampiri e serolwana, a reetsa ka kelotlhoko tsela e batho ba ba mo dikologileng ba neng ba bua ka yone le go ithuta ka baanelwa ba bone. O ne a rata go kwala mo disalafaneng tsa mafelo a go nwang kofi ka gonne, jaaka a ne a tlhalosa, go ne go mo golola mme go mo thusa gore a se ka a ikgathatsa thata ka gore o kwala jang. Morago ga moo, o ne a phutha dintlha tse a neng a di kwadile mme a di kwala kwa gae.<ref name=":2" /> Wilson o ne a na le bokgoni jo bogolo jwa go lemoga le go tshwara dipuo tse di farologaneng le mekgwa e batho ba buang ka yone. O ne a na le kgopolo e e gakgamatsang, mme a e dirisa thata mo tirong ya gagwe. Fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, o ne a ithuta go se tlhakanye puo e a neng a e utlwa ka go e fetola kgotsa go e phimola fa a e tsenya mo mekwalong ya gagwe.<ref name=":4" /> [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 61f6qb9y5pkmlduyq0wyhgayxombbd1 0 15159 55181 2026-09-21T15:01:21Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Panashe Chigumadzi #BLT2026 55181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Panashe Chigumadzi|image=Panashe Chigumadzi - TEDxSoweto 2014.jpg|birth_date=1991|birth_place=Harare, [[Zimbabwe]]|education=Harvard University|alma mater=University of the Witwatersrand|notable works=Sweet Medicine (e gatisitswe ka 2015) These Bones Will Rise Again (e gatisitswe ka 2017)|awards=Seetsele sa K Sello Duiker Memorial Literary|website=www.panashechigumadzi.com}} '''Panashe Chigumadzi''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le motso) ke mmega dikgang, mokwadi wa dipolelo gape e le mokwadi wa dibuka o o tsholetsweng kwa [[Zimbabwe]], a godiseditswe kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. == Tse di diragetseng pele == A tsholetswe kwa Harare, Zimbabwe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le motso, Chigumadzi o goletse kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2018/08/06/novuyo-rosa-tshuma-and-panashe-chigumadzi-in-conversation-meditations-on-the-traumas-and-triumphs-of-zimbabwes-histories/ "Novuyo Rosa Tshuma and Panashe Chigumadzi in conversation—Meditations on the traumas and triumphs of Zimbabwe's histories".] ''[[:en:The_Johannesburg_Review_of_Books|The Johannesburg Review of Books]]''. 6 August 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191202222017/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2018/08/06/novuyo-rosa-tshuma-and-panashe-chigumadzi-in-conversation-meditations-on-the-traumas-and-triumphs-of-zimbabwes-histories/ Archived] from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2026</ref> O gatisitse dikwalo tsa gwe mo metsweding e le mmalwa. O nnile mokwadi wa dikhutlwana mo dipampiring tsa The Guardian,<ref>Chigumadzi, Panashe (29 July 2018)[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/29/books-about-zimbabwe-panashe-chigumadzi . "Panashe Chigumadzi picks the best books about Zimbabwe".] ''The Guardian''. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0261-3077 0261-3077.] Retrieved 21 September 2026.</ref> Die Zeit, The New York Times, The Washington Post, New York Review of Books le Chimurenga. O simolodisitse VANGUARD, bukana e e diretsweng go thusa banana ba mmala o montsho ba Aforika Borwa go tlhaloganya ka fa Aforika o mongwe, go ratana ka bong bo bo tshwanang le go tsibogela mmala wa bone go amanang ka teng. Fa a simolola tiro ya gagwe, Chigumadzi o ne a bereka e le mmega dikgang wa CNBC Africa. Chigumadzi o bua ka ditso tsa Zimbabwe mo tirong ya gagwe, ka go tlhotlhomisa ditso tsa lefatshe le batho. Buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Sweet Medicine, e gatisitswe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano, ya fenya seetsele sa K Sello Duiker Memorial Literary. Mokwalo wa gagwe wa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa wa These Bones Will Rise Again o ne o ikaegile ka dikakanyo tsa batho ba morafe wa Shona go tlhatlhanya ka mokgwa wa bomme ba lefatshe le go tlhomamisa ka dikakanyo tsa Nehanda Charwe Nyakasikana kwa Zimbabwe. Fa a ithuta gape a kwala ka ditso tsa dikgwetlho tsa Zimbabwe fa lefatshe leo le tsaya boipuso, Chigumadzi o kwala gape ka dikao tsa sesha sa batho ba borwa jwa Aforika. O kwadile ka magokanyane a dikao ka go dirisa lefoko coocnut go tlhantlhamolola go sa bone Aforika Borwa morago ga puso ya tlhaolele. O bua a gololesegile ka go tlhoka go tswa mo bokoloneng ga lefatshe le batho. Mokwalo wa gagwe wa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe wa "Why I'm No Longer Talking to Nigerians About Race" o ne o bua ka maitemogelo a gagwe kwa moletlong wa dibuka wa Ake Arts and Book Festival mo puisanong ya gore a letsholo la Black Lives Matter le na le bokao mo Aforika. Chigumadzi o ne a nganga ka gore ee, kgaolo e e nang le maitemogelo a a farologaneng a semorafe mo bokoloneng, e na le bokao. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano, Chigumadzi e ne e le morulaganyi mogolo wa moletlo wa ntlha wa dibuka wa Abantu. Fa godimo ga go kwala ga gagwe ka dikwalo le go kgala dikwalo, o tlhagelela gangwe le gape mo seromamoweng sa BBC World. O na le karolo gape mo lowalong lwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe wa New Daughters of Africa le Margaret Busby a lo tlhabolotseng. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le motso, Chigumadzi o ne a kwala ka botho mo the Guardian le gore go busetsa se se latlhegileng go botlhokwa go boelana mo ditshabeng tsa morago ga kolone jaka kwa Aforika Borwa. Ka boammaruri: Ka mafoko a mangwe, le ntswa lefoko botho le ile magoletsa morago ga puso ya tlhaolele, le adima dikgwebo, dibuka, maranyane le makgotla a ikemetseng maina, Aforika Borwa ke lefatshe le mo go lone jaaka Dladla a bua, le nang le botho mme le sena batho. Jaaka batho bantsho ba tseetswe lefatshe, botho bo tlhotlhorilwe go nna le dikamano tsa ditso le selegae mo bathong. == Dikwalo == === Dibuka === * Sweet Medicine (Blackbird Books, 2015) - buka e e sekasekang seemo sa itsholelo kwa Zimbabwe sa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi * These Bones Will Rise Again (Inding Books, 2017) - mokwalo le buka ka botshelo jwa gagwe ya ditso ka go aga setshaba kwa Zimbabwe. * Beautiful Hair for Landless People (e e santseng e le mo tseleng) == Ditebogo == === Dietsele === * Seetsele sa K Sello Duiker Memorial ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro ka buka ya Sweet Medicine * Madi a dithuso tsa go rutiwa tiro ya bobega dikgang ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano a Ruth First === Kamogelo === Tiro ya ga Chigumadzi e ithutilwe mo dikgaolong ka bontsi, bogolojang mo dithutong tsa morago ga bokolone. Mekwalo ya gagwe ka tiriso ya pheko mo Sweet Medicine e ne ya baka go ithuta go yapele ka botsogo le mekgwa ya ngwao kwa Zimbabwe. O itebagantse le baanelwa ba bomme ba ba nonofileng ba nna mo nakong ya seemo se se sa iketlang sa itsholelo go ya ka ditumelo tsa bone le maiphitlhelo a bone ka botshelo jwa gompieno. == Thuto == Chigumadzi o goletse kwa Aforika Borwa. O ithutetse kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Witwatersrand; fa a le koo o ne a le bontlha jwa letsholo la fetola Wits, le le neng le gwetlha diphetogo tse di bonalang tsa dikolo tse dikgolwane tsa borwa jwa Aforika. Fa a ithutela doctorate kwa Hutchins Center for African and African American Research kwa Harvard University, o ne a kwala ka megwanto ya Rhodes Must Fall e a itemogetseng kwa University ya Witwatersrand. == Metswedi == 6t39vbeeqmdsac1650e483ldmohit50 0 15160 55182 2026-09-21T15:01:32Z Cruiselady 12522 ke loketse di linki 55182 wikitext text/x-wiki Botswetsi ke nako e e beilweng ke bagolo ya kilelo ya ngwana fa e sena go tsholwa ebile gape ke nako eo bagolo ba reng mosadi o senang go tshola ngwana a e dirise go fola , go photlhedisa madi a a chilafetseng , go tlhokomela lesea la gagwe le le metsi sentle ntle le kgoreletso . Ka nako eo ya botswetsi bo nkoko gape ba thusa mmagwe ngwana ka dirata tsa selegae go godisa ngwana gape ba mo ruta ditsela tsela le tsela tseo di amang lesea.<ref>https://www.thebemagugu.com/faculty-press/voice/mother-and-child-heritage-dress/</ref> Ka nako botswetsi mosadi tshwanetse go nna dikgwedi dile tharo kafa phaposiborobalang le lesea la gagwe a tlhokometswe ke motho o mogolo kana nkoko a anang le kitso ka meetlo ya setso e e amang lesea.<ref>https://www.thebemagugu.com/faculty-press/voice/mother-and-child-heritage-dress/</ref> Ga a letlelelwa gape go kgoma dipitsa kana go ka apewa ,tiro ya gagwe ke bo antsha le go tlhokomela lesea la gagwe , ntlha nngwe ya botswetsi ke gore bagolo ba dumela gore ka nako ya botswetsi raagwe ngwana ga a letlelwa go ka bona lesea morago ga dikgwedi tseo dile tharo ka gore go dumelwa fa ka ntlha ya gore ga re itse metsamo ya gagwe ya sephiri aka gata ngwana ka dikgaba ka ngwana ele motho o botlhofo thata mo semoeng o uttlwa le go fitlhilwe dilo tse rona ka se nama re kase di boneng ka jalo o tshwanetse go ilelwa ka thata, e fela botswetsi ga bo kgoreletse ba losika la ga rre gotla go bona ngwana wa bona le mmaagwe e fela ka setso gotwe go tshwanetse go tla bo rakgadi kana bo nkoko le gona ba tshwanetse gore fa batlo bona ngwana ba tle ba mo tsholetse diaparo le ditlhokego dinngwe tsa bosea.<ref>https://mg.co.za/2018-02-09-motherhood-s-vexing-seclusion/</ref> Mmaagwe ngwana ka nako ya botswetsi o fiwa thata motogo wa o mabele o o metsi ka maswi go oketsa mokgato gore a seka a felelwa le go nwesiwa tee , bo nkoko bare gape fa ole mo botswetsing o tshwanetse go bofa mala a gago kana go patlama ka mpa fa fatshe gore mpa ya gago e potlhele le madi a kgone go patlhalala sentle, bangwe ba bagolo ba apeya dipitsana tsa go phatlhalatsa madi. Fa ngwana a tlo boniwa ba baa kgopane ka fa tlase ga metshe mo lebating gore baeng ba e gate gore ba kgone go gatolola ngwana. Botswetsi ke kilelo e e thata ebile boa tlhomphiwa.<ref>https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/20328</ref> 21nw16kugvz92rycwbovo5uko83v58c 55183 55182 2026-09-21T15:02:42Z Cruiselady 12522 ke kwetse setlhogo ka ditlhakakgolo 55183 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Botswetsi''' ke nako e e beilweng ke bagolo ya kilelo ya ngwana fa e sena go tsholwa ebile gape ke nako eo bagolo ba reng mosadi o senang go tshola ngwana a e dirise go fola , go photlhedisa madi a a chilafetseng , go tlhokomela lesea la gagwe le le metsi sentle ntle le kgoreletso . Ka nako eo ya botswetsi bo nkoko gape ba thusa mmagwe ngwana ka dirata tsa selegae go godisa ngwana gape ba mo ruta ditsela tsela le tsela tseo di amang lesea.<ref>https://www.thebemagugu.com/faculty-press/voice/mother-and-child-heritage-dress/</ref> Ka nako botswetsi mosadi tshwanetse go nna dikgwedi dile tharo kafa phaposiborobalang le lesea la gagwe a tlhokometswe ke motho o mogolo kana nkoko a anang le kitso ka meetlo ya setso e e amang lesea.<ref>https://www.thebemagugu.com/faculty-press/voice/mother-and-child-heritage-dress/</ref> Ga a letlelelwa gape go kgoma dipitsa kana go ka apewa ,tiro ya gagwe ke bo antsha le go tlhokomela lesea la gagwe , ntlha nngwe ya botswetsi ke gore bagolo ba dumela gore ka nako ya botswetsi raagwe ngwana ga a letlelwa go ka bona lesea morago ga dikgwedi tseo dile tharo ka gore go dumelwa fa ka ntlha ya gore ga re itse metsamo ya gagwe ya sephiri aka gata ngwana ka dikgaba ka ngwana ele motho o botlhofo thata mo semoeng o uttlwa le go fitlhilwe dilo tse rona ka se nama re kase di boneng ka jalo o tshwanetse go ilelwa ka thata, e fela botswetsi ga bo kgoreletse ba losika la ga rre gotla go bona ngwana wa bona le mmaagwe e fela ka setso gotwe go tshwanetse go tla bo rakgadi kana bo nkoko le gona ba tshwanetse gore fa batlo bona ngwana ba tle ba mo tsholetse diaparo le ditlhokego dinngwe tsa bosea.<ref>https://mg.co.za/2018-02-09-motherhood-s-vexing-seclusion/</ref> Mmaagwe ngwana ka nako ya botswetsi o fiwa thata motogo wa o mabele o o metsi ka maswi go oketsa mokgato gore a seka a felelwa le go nwesiwa tee , bo nkoko bare gape fa ole mo botswetsing o tshwanetse go bofa mala a gago kana go patlama ka mpa fa fatshe gore mpa ya gago e potlhele le madi a kgone go patlhalala sentle, bangwe ba bagolo ba apeya dipitsana tsa go phatlhalatsa madi. Fa ngwana a tlo boniwa ba baa kgopane ka fa tlase ga metshe mo lebating gore baeng ba e gate gore ba kgone go gatolola ngwana. Botswetsi ke kilelo e e thata ebile boa tlhomphiwa.<ref>https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/20328</ref> c4g5bxbafligkia0r4cp944fnu3kzmr 55184 55183 2026-09-21T15:06:23Z Cruiselady 12522 ke loketse senepe 55184 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Breastfeeding a newborn baby child, Moscow, Russia.jpg|thumb|botswetsi]] '''Botswetsi''' ke nako e e beilweng ke bagolo ya kilelo ya ngwana fa e sena go tsholwa ebile gape ke nako eo bagolo ba reng mosadi o senang go tshola ngwana a e dirise go fola , go photlhedisa madi a a chilafetseng , go tlhokomela lesea la gagwe le le metsi sentle ntle le kgoreletso . Ka nako eo ya botswetsi bo nkoko gape ba thusa mmagwe ngwana ka dirata tsa selegae go godisa ngwana gape ba mo ruta ditsela tsela le tsela tseo di amang lesea.<ref>https://www.thebemagugu.com/faculty-press/voice/mother-and-child-heritage-dress/</ref> Ka nako botswetsi mosadi tshwanetse go nna dikgwedi dile tharo kafa phaposiborobalang le lesea la gagwe a tlhokometswe ke motho o mogolo kana nkoko a anang le kitso ka meetlo ya setso e e amang lesea.<ref>https://www.thebemagugu.com/faculty-press/voice/mother-and-child-heritage-dress/</ref> Ga a letlelelwa gape go kgoma dipitsa kana go ka apewa ,tiro ya gagwe ke bo antsha le go tlhokomela lesea la gagwe , ntlha nngwe ya botswetsi ke gore bagolo ba dumela gore ka nako ya botswetsi raagwe ngwana ga a letlelwa go ka bona lesea morago ga dikgwedi tseo dile tharo ka gore go dumelwa fa ka ntlha ya gore ga re itse metsamo ya gagwe ya sephiri aka gata ngwana ka dikgaba ka ngwana ele motho o botlhofo thata mo semoeng o uttlwa le go fitlhilwe dilo tse rona ka se nama re kase di boneng ka jalo o tshwanetse go ilelwa ka thata, e fela botswetsi ga bo kgoreletse ba losika la ga rre gotla go bona ngwana wa bona le mmaagwe e fela ka setso gotwe go tshwanetse go tla bo rakgadi kana bo nkoko le gona ba tshwanetse gore fa batlo bona ngwana ba tle ba mo tsholetse diaparo le ditlhokego dinngwe tsa bosea.<ref>https://mg.co.za/2018-02-09-motherhood-s-vexing-seclusion/</ref> Mmaagwe ngwana ka nako ya botswetsi o fiwa thata motogo wa o mabele o o metsi ka maswi go oketsa mokgato gore a seka a felelwa le go nwesiwa tee , bo nkoko bare gape fa ole mo botswetsing o tshwanetse go bofa mala a gago kana go patlama ka mpa fa fatshe gore mpa ya gago e potlhele le madi a kgone go patlhalala sentle, bangwe ba bagolo ba apeya dipitsana tsa go phatlhalatsa madi. Fa ngwana a tlo boniwa ba baa kgopane ka fa tlase ga metshe mo lebating gore baeng ba e gate gore ba kgone go gatolola ngwana. Botswetsi ke kilelo e e thata ebile boa tlhomphiwa.<ref>https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/20328</ref> r197wsjbh2wt5jf4krbasijlid43cg0 0 15161 55187 2026-09-21T17:48:59Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354531479|Eliza Allen (Virginia)]]" 55187 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eliza Allen''' (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane mme a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome ) e ne e le mothusi wa madi wa Moaforika kwa Amerika, molweladitshwanelo, ebile e le mosadi wa mokgatlho . E ne e le mothei wa Banka ya Polokelo ya True Reformers, e e leng banka ya ntlha e e neng e le ya Maaforikaa kwa Amerika e e neng ya tlhapiwa kwa United States. O ne a amana le mekgatlho e le mmalwa e e thusang itsholelo ya Maaforika a kwa Amerika. Pele ga Ntwa ya Selegae, o ne a tlhama mekgatlho e le meraro go thusa [[Go gana ga basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba kwa Amerika le kwa Caribbean|basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba]] . == Botshelo jwa pele == Allen o ne a tsholwa e le lekgoba kwa Kgaolong ya Westmoreland, kwa Virginia ka ngwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane ( 1840) mo lefelong la ga Major Richard Beale. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hargesheimer |first=Lexi |date=February 8, 2022 |title=Black History Month Heroes You Should Know: Eliza Allen |url=https://kiss951.com/2022/02/08/black-history-month-heroes-you-should-know-eliza-allen/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=KISS 95.1 FM}}</ref> O ne a tsena kereke ya Methodist a sa ntse a le ngwana. <ref name=":3" /> Moragonyana, Allen o ne a nna kwa Petersburg kwa Virginia le motho yo o neng a mo dirile lekgoba e bong Porofesa W. T. Davis. Kwa Petersburg, Allen o ne a tlhoma mekgatlho e meraro ya basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba,e e bidiwang Consolation Sisters, Sisters of Usefulness, le Tobitha . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Garrett-Scott |first=Shennette |date=2019-03-20 |title=Five African American Women Pioneers in U.S. Finance |url=https://cupblog.org/2019/03/20/five-african-american-women-pioneers-in-u-s-finance/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Columbia University Press Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patton |first=Dr Stacey |date=2023-06-17 |title=Banking On Self-Reliance: A History Of Black Banks From 1930-Present |url=https://www.blackenterprise.com/banking-on-self-reliance-a-history-of-black-banks-from-1930-present/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Black Enterprise |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3" /> Ditlhopha tseo di ne tsa thusa basadi go abelana didirisiwa tse di tlhokwang ke malwapa a bone le banni. <ref name=":0" /> Setlhopha sa Sisters of Usefulness se ne se na le maloko a a ka nnang masome a mararo. <ref name=":0" /> Mekgatlho e ne e kopana ka Sontaga maitsebowa mme go ne go tlhokega gore go nne le monna yo mosweu kwa dipokanong tsotlhe. <ref name=":3" /> Mekgatlho ya gagwe ya makgoba e ne ya fela fa Ntwa ya Selegae e simolola. Ka nako ya ntwa, Allen o ne a nna kwa Danville, Virginia kwa Davis a neng a tsamaisa Sekolo sa Basadi sa Methodist teng. <ref name=":3" /> == Mosadi wa Mokgatlho == Morago ga Ntwa ya Selegae, Allen o ne a nna le seabe mo mekgatlhong ya go tsoga itsholelo ya Maaforika a kwa Amerika le ya bakaulengwe, go akaretsa le Mokgatlho wa Naledi ya Botlhaba o o bidiwang Order of the Eastern Star, Prince Hall, le Mokgatlho wa United Order of Tents, e a neng a le matsamaisi mogolo wa leloko la khuduthamagale eo. <ref name=":1" /> E ne e le leloko la Mokgatlho o o Ikemetseng wa St. Luke, a bereka ele kgosana e tona. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":3" /> E ne e le leloko la [[Independent Order of Good Samaritans and Daughters of Samaria|Mokgatlho o o Ikemetseng wa Basamaria ba ba Molemo le Barwadi ba Samaria]], (Independent Order of Good Samaritans and Daughters of Samaria )a direla jaaka Morwadi yo Motona yo o Okametseng. <ref name=":3" /> O ne a simolola [[Grand United Order of Brothers and Sisters of Love and Charity|Mokgatlho o o Kopaneng wa Bakaulengwe le Bokgaitsadi ba Lorato le Bopelotlhomogi (Grand United order of Brothers and Sistsers of Love and Charity)]], a dira tiro ya go nna modiredi yo motona mo setlhopheng seo se se neng se berekela kwa United States le kwa [[Liberia]] . <ref name=":3" /> Allen o ne a tsenelela mokgatlho wa Grand United Order of True Reformers fa o ne e tlhongwa gape kwa Richmond, Virginia ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le botlhano (1875).[ O ne a tlhoma nngwe ya dikgaolo tsa yone tsa ntlha tse tharo, tse di bidiwang metswedi. E ne e le mothei wa Shiloh Fountain No. 6 (moragonyana No. 20) kwa Petersburg, Virginia. 2][3] Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bongwe ( 1881), o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Grand Worthy Mistress wa United Order yo o neng a bereka le Grand Worthy Master.[ O ne a tswelela go direla mo lekgotleng le letona e le Mmusaesi yo o neng a okamela Rosebuds, letsogo la mosetsana la lekgotla, go tloga ka go tlhomiwa ga lone ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1892). 5][3] Fa a sena go tlogela maemo a gagwe, o ne a dirwa Grand Worthy Governess botshelo jwa gagwe jotlhe.[ 6] == Go banka == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi ( 1888), fa Mokgatlho wa Grand United Order of True Reformers o ne o simolola Banka ya Polokelo ya The Reformers Savings Bank kwa Richmond, Allen e ne e le ene fela mosadi mo lekokong leo . <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Brooke |date=March 10, 2021 |title=Black Women Finance Pioneers To Celebrate This Month And Beyond |url=https://www.pushblackfinance.com/news/black-women-finance-pioneers-celebrate-month-and-beyond |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=PushBlack Finance |language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe ( 1899), e ne ya nna banka ya ntlha e e neng e le ya Maaforika a kwa Amerika e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Maaforika a kwa Amerika e e neng ya tlhapiwa kwa United States. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Hollie |first=Donna Tyler |title=Grand Fountain of the United Order of True Reformers |url=https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/grand-fountain-of-the-united-order-of-true-reformers/?utm_medium=email&_hsmi=203197638&_hsenc=p2ANqtz--kgnxCt-2FhYO_o9Qd2z84TzpBQ0yzcVjo1iBYt1qHL3EBhBhQ2OeSuOATaSCkxYx8QLM-iJBrZqZH7ePLwTK5ibt7cQ&utm_content=203197638&utm_source=hs_email |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Encyclopedia Virginia |language=en-US}}</ref> Mo godimo ga ditirelo tsa banka, banka e ne e tlamela ka thulaganyo ya thuto ya banana le legae la go rola tiro la Maaforika a Amerika. <ref name=":2" /> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Fa a sena go bona kgololesego ya gagwe, o ne a nyala James Allen, modiri wa ditlhako yo o tswang kwa Petersburg. Banyalani bano ba ne ba na le bana ba le batlhano. <ref name=":3" /> O ne a bereka go thatswa diaparo . <ref name=":1" /> == Dipadi tse dingwe == == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] jgpah71y19qcr6c2fjt746fub7jbkdo 55188 55187 2026-09-21T18:02:11Z MmaBaggio 11091 55188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eliza Allen''' (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane mme a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome ) e ne e le mothusi wa madi wa Moaforika kwa Amerika, molweladitshwanelo, ebile e le mosadi wa mokgatlho . E ne e le mothei wa Banka ya Polokelo ya True Reformers, e e leng banka ya ntlha e e neng e le ya Maaforikaa kwa Amerika e e neng ya tlhapiwa kwa United States. O ne a amana le mekgatlho e le mmalwa e e thusang itsholelo ya Maaforika a kwa Amerika. Pele ga Ntwa ya Selegae, o ne a tlhama mekgatlho e le meraro go thusa [[Go gana ga basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba kwa Amerika le kwa Caribbean|basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba]] . == Botshelo jwa pele == Allen o ne a tsholwa e le lekgoba kwa Kgaolong ya [[Westmoreland]], kwa [[Virginia]] ka ngwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane ( 1840) mo lefelong la ga Major Richard Beale. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hargesheimer |first=Lexi |date=February 8, 2022 |title=Black History Month Heroes You Should Know: Eliza Allen |url=https://kiss951.com/2022/02/08/black-history-month-heroes-you-should-know-eliza-allen/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=KISS 95.1 FM}}</ref><ref name=":4">Burrell, W. P. (William Patrick); Johnson, D. E. (1909). ''[https://archive.org/details/twentyfiveyearsh00burr/page/394/mode/2up?q=%22eliza+allen%22 Twenty-five years history of the Grand fountain of the United Order of True Reformers, 1881-1905]''. Richmond, Virginia: Grand Fountain, United Order of True Reformers. p. 395, 397-398, and 400. – via Internet Archive.</ref> O ne a tsena kereke ya Methodist a sa ntse a le ngwana. <ref name=":4" /> Moragonyana, Allen o ne a nna kwa Petersburg kwa Virginia le motho yo o neng a mo dirile lekgoba e bong Porofesa W. T. Davis.<ref name=":4" /> Kwa Petersburg, Allen o ne a tlhoma mekgatlho e meraro ya basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba,e e bidiwang Consolation Sisters, Sisters of Usefulness, le Tobitha . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Garrett-Scott |first=Shennette |date=2019-03-20 |title=Five African American Women Pioneers in U.S. Finance |url=https://cupblog.org/2019/03/20/five-african-american-women-pioneers-in-u-s-finance/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Columbia University Press Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patton |first=Dr Stacey |date=2023-06-17 |title=Banking On Self-Reliance: A History Of Black Banks From 1930-Present |url=https://www.blackenterprise.com/banking-on-self-reliance-a-history-of-black-banks-from-1930-present/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Black Enterprise |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":4" />Ditlhopha tseo di ne tsa thusa basadi go abelana didirisiwa tse di tlhokwang ke malwapa a bone le banni. <ref name=":0" /> Setlhopha sa Sisters of Usefulness se ne se na le maloko a a ka nnang masome a mararo. <ref name=":0" /> Mekgatlho e ne e kopana ka Sontaga maitsebowa mme go ne go tlhokega gore go nne le monna yo mosweu kwa dipokanong tsotlhe. <ref name=":4" /> Mekgatlho ya gagwe ya makgoba e ne ya fela fa Ntwa ya Selegae e simolola. <ref name=":4" /> Ka nako ya ntwa, Allen o ne a nna kwa Danville, [[Virginia]] kwa [[Davis]] a neng a tsamaisa Sekolo sa Basadi sa Methodist teng.<ref name=":4" /> == Mosadi wa Mokgatlho == Morago ga Ntwa ya Selegae, Allen o ne a nna le seabe mo mekgatlhong ya go tsoga itsholelo ya Maaforika a kwa Amerika le ya bakaulengwe, go akaretsa le Mokgatlho wa Naledi ya Botlhaba o o bidiwang [[:en:Prince_Hall_Order_of_the_Eastern_Star|Order of the Eastern Star, Prince Hall]], le Mokgatlho wa United Order of Tents, e a neng a le matsamaisi mogolo wa leloko la khuduthamagale eo. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":4" />E ne e le leloko la Mokgatlho o o Ikemetseng wa St. Luke, a bereka ele kgosana e tona. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":4" /> E ne e le leloko la [[Independent Order of Good Samaritans and Daughters of Samaria|Mokgatlho o o Ikemetseng wa Basamaria ba ba Molemo le Barwadi ba Samaria]], (Independent Order of Good Samaritans and Daughters of Samaria )a direla jaaka Morwadi yo Motona yo o Okametseng. <ref name=":3" /> O ne a simolola [[Grand United Order of Brothers and Sisters of Love and Charity|Mokgatlho o o Kopaneng wa Bakaulengwe le Bokgaitsadi ba Lorato le Bopelotlhomogi (Grand United order of Brothers and Sistsers of Love and Charity)]], a dira tiro ya go nna modiredi yo motona mo setlhopheng seo se se neng se berekela kwa United States le kwa [[Liberia]] . <ref name=":4" /> Allen o ne a tsenelela mokgatlho wa [[:en:Grand_United_Order_of_True_Reformers|Grand United Order of True Reformers]] fa o ne e tlhongwa gape kwa Richmond, Virginia ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le botlhano (1875).<ref name=":5">Garrett-Scott, Shennette (2019-03-20). [https://cupblog.org/2019/03/20/five-african-american-women-pioneers-in-u-s-finance/ "Five African American Women Pioneers in U.S. Finance]". ''Columbia University Press Blog''. Retrieved 2024-10-28.</ref>O ne a tlhoma nngwe ya dikgaolo tsa yone tsa ntlha tse tharo, tse di bidiwang metswedi. <ref name=":5" />E ne e le mothei wa Shiloh Fountain No. 6 (moragonyana No. 20) kwa [[Petersburg]], [[Virginia]]. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":4" />Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bongwe ( 1881), o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Grand Worthy Mistress wa United Order yo o neng a bereka le Grand Worthy Master.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a tswelela go direla mo lekgotleng le letona e le Mmusaesi yo o neng a okamela Rosebuds, letsogo la mosetsana la lekgotla, go tloga ka go tlhomiwa ga lone ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1892). <ref name=":6" /> <ref name=":4" />Fa a sena go tlogela maemo a gagwe, o ne a dirwa Grand Worthy Governess botshelo jwa gagwe jotlhe.<ref name=":2" /> == Go banka == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi ( 1888), fa Mokgatlho wa Grand United Order of True Reformers o ne o simolola Banka ya Polokelo ya The Reformers Savings Bank kwa Richmond, Allen e ne e le ene fela mosadi mo lekokong leo . <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Brooke |date=March 10, 2021 |title=Black Women Finance Pioneers To Celebrate This Month And Beyond |url=https://www.pushblackfinance.com/news/black-women-finance-pioneers-celebrate-month-and-beyond |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=PushBlack Finance |language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe ( 1899), e ne ya nna banka ya ntlha e e neng e le ya Maaforika a kwa Amerika e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Maaforika a kwa Amerika e e neng ya tlhapiwa kwa United States. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Hollie |first=Donna Tyler |title=Grand Fountain of the United Order of True Reformers |url=https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/grand-fountain-of-the-united-order-of-true-reformers/?utm_medium=email&_hsmi=203197638&_hsenc=p2ANqtz--kgnxCt-2FhYO_o9Qd2z84TzpBQ0yzcVjo1iBYt1qHL3EBhBhQ2OeSuOATaSCkxYx8QLM-iJBrZqZH7ePLwTK5ibt7cQ&utm_content=203197638&utm_source=hs_email |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Encyclopedia Virginia |language=en-US}}</ref> Mo godimo ga ditirelo tsa banka, banka e ne e tlamela ka thulaganyo ya thuto ya banana le legae la go rola tiro la Maaforika a Amerika. <ref name=":2" /> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Fa a sena go bona kgololesego ya gagwe, o ne a nyala James Allen, modiri wa ditlhako yo o tswang kwa Petersburg. Banyalani bano ba ne ba na le bana ba le batlhano. <ref name=":3" /> O ne a bereka go thatswa diaparo . <ref name=":1" /> == Dipadi tse dingwe == * Garrett-Scott, Shennette (2019). ''Banking on Freedom: Black Women in U.S. Finance before the New Deal''. Columbia studies in the history of U.S. capitalism. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-231-18390-1|978-0-231-18390-1]] == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 1z1f0b2yubfv5zpqfkptaylbuy1mcf2 0 15162 55189 2026-09-21T18:42:44Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1318458366|Willard W. Allen]]" 55189 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Willard W. Allen''' (O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola ga raro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi a bo a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro e bongwe (1888 – 1961) e ne e le Mokaedi wa lekalana la NAACP. O tsholetswe kwa Kgaolong ya Buckingham, kwa Virginia ke George le Elizabeth Allen. Allen o ne a goroga kwa Baltimore, kwa Maryland ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bone ( 1904) koo a neng a bereka teng e le morwadi wa dithoto mo mo tereneng e e ikemetse ya ga George L. Potter, Mothusa Tautona wa Seporo sa Baltimore &amp;amp; Ohio ; o ne a feleletsa a bereka kwa lefelong ya ga Potter kwa Towson, kwa Maryland . Gape o ne a bona madi ka go phatlalatsa koranta ya Herald. Ga ntse nako e tsamaa Allen o ne a boloka madi a a lekaneng go tsena mo kgwebong ya tsa ipolokelo, fa a berekela kompone ya Mutual Benefit Company e le mmereki yo feletseng . Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bobedi (1922), o ne a tlogela Mutual go ya go berekela Kompone ya tsa ipolokelo ya Southern Life Insurance Company ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le botlhano (1925(, o ne a nna Tautona wa ntlha wa kompone eo. O ne a nna Tautona go fitlha a tlogela tiro ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe ( 1959). Mo godimo ga tiro ya gagwe ya kwa Southern, Allen o ne a bereka mo kgwebong ya dikago e le morekisi wa dikago mme a nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa sechaba. E ne e le Mo-Mason wa Mokete wa kwa Scotland wa dikirii ya bo masome a mararo le boraro mme o ne a direla jaaka Grand Master wa Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge ya Maryland <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Grand Masters – MWPHGLMD |url=https://mwphglmd.org/past-grand-masters/ |access-date=2020-07-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> Allen o ne a nyetse gabedi; la ntlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bone (1914) a nyala Thekla Henson, yo a neng a na le barwadi ba babedi le ene: Madelyn le Elizabeth Allen. Lenyalo la gagwe la bobedi e ne e le ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borataro ( 1926) a nyala Gladys Rawlings. O ne a direla mo khuduthamageng ya sekolo se setona sa Virginia Union go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano ( 1950) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro ( 1960). O ne a direla mo khuduthamageng ya Batlhokomedi ba sekolo sa lefatshe la Morgan (se gompieno e leng sekolo se setona sa lefatshe la Morgan ) dingwaga di feta masome a mabedi. Mothusa Tautona wa kgaolo wa Lekgotla la Bosechaba la Kgwebo ya batho Bantsho le mokaedi wa NAACP . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Ingram, E. Renée |first=Charles W. White Sr. |year=2005 |title=Buckingham County |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=0738518425 |location=Charleston, SC |pages=43 |quote=}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == iotmgnb29vyjtoptwzebxtuwunxj0js 55190 55189 2026-09-21T18:45:28Z MmaBaggio 11091 55190 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Willard W. Allen''' (O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola ga raro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi a bo a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro e bongwe (1888 – 1961) e ne e le Mokaedi wa lekalana la [[:en:National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People|NAACP.]] O tsholetswe kwa Kgaolong ya Buckingham, kwa Virginia ke George le Elizabeth Allen. Allen o ne a goroga kwa [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bone ( 1904) koo a neng a bereka teng e le morwadi wa dithoto mo mo tereneng e e ikemetse ya ga George L. Potter, Mothusa Tautona wa Seporo sa Baltimore &amp; Ohio ; o ne a feleletsa a bereka kwa lefelong ya ga Potter kwa Towson, kwa Maryland . Gape o ne a bona madi ka go phatlalatsa koranta ya Herald. Ga ntse nako e tsamaa Allen o ne a boloka madi a a lekaneng go tsena mo kgwebong ya tsa ipolokelo, fa a berekela kompone ya Mutual Benefit Company e le mmereki yo feletseng . Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bobedi (1922), o ne a tlogela Mutual go ya go berekela Kompone ya tsa ipolokelo ya Southern Life Insurance Company ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le botlhano (1925(, o ne a nna Tautona wa ntlha wa kompone eo. O ne a nna Tautona go fitlha a tlogela tiro ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe ( 1959). Mo godimo ga tiro ya gagwe ya kwa Southern, Allen o ne a bereka mo kgwebong ya dikago e le morekisi wa dikago mme a nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa sechaba. E ne e le Mo-Mason wa Mokete wa kwa Scotland wa dikirii ya bo masome a mararo le boraro mme o ne a direla jaaka Grand Master wa Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge ya Maryland <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Grand Masters – MWPHGLMD |url=https://mwphglmd.org/past-grand-masters/ |access-date=2020-07-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> Allen o ne a nyetse gabedi; la ntlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bone (1914) a nyala Thekla Henson, yo a neng a na le barwadi ba babedi le ene: Madelyn le Elizabeth Allen. Lenyalo la gagwe la bobedi e ne e le ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borataro ( 1926) a nyala Gladys Rawlings. O ne a direla mo khuduthamageng ya sekolo se setona sa Virginia Union go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano ( 1950) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro ( 1960). O ne a direla mo khuduthamageng ya Batlhokomedi ba sekolo sa lefatshe la Morgan (se gompieno e leng sekolo se setona sa lefatshe la Morgan ) dingwaga di feta masome a mabedi. Mothusa Tautona wa kgaolo wa Lekgotla la Bosechaba la Kgwebo ya batho Bantsho le mokaedi wa [[:en:National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People|NAACP]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Ingram, E. Renée |first=Charles W. White Sr. |year=2005 |title=Buckingham County |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=0738518425 |location=Charleston, SC |pages=43 |quote=}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == p8iymfey0rw1bhxt2nckdzk0qqgjit8 55209 55190 2026-09-22T03:36:20Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 55209 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Willard W. Allen''' (O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola ga raro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi a bo a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro e bongwe (1888 – 1961) e ne e le Mokaedi wa lekalana la [[:en:National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People|NAACP.]] O tsholetswe kwa Kgaolong ya Buckingham, kwa Virginia ke George le Elizabeth Allen. Allen o ne a goroga kwa [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bone ( 1904) koo a neng a bereka teng e le morwadi wa dithoto mo mo tereneng e e ikemetse ya ga George L. Potter, Mothusa Tautona wa Seporo sa Baltimore &amp; Ohio ; o ne a feleletsa a bereka kwa lefelong ya ga Potter kwa Towson, kwa Maryland . Gape o ne a bona madi ka go phatlalatsa koranta ya Herald. Ga ntse nako e tsamaa Allen o ne a boloka madi a a lekaneng go tsena mo kgwebong ya tsa ipolokelo, fa a berekela kompone ya Mutual Benefit Company e le mmereki yo feletseng . Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bobedi (1922), o ne a tlogela Mutual go ya go berekela Kompone ya tsa ipolokelo ya Southern Life Insurance Company ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le botlhano (1925(, o ne a nna Tautona wa ntlha wa kompone eo. O ne a nna Tautona go fitlha a tlogela tiro ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe ( 1959). Mo godimo ga tiro ya gagwe ya kwa Southern, Allen o ne a bereka mo kgwebong ya dikago e le morekisi wa dikago mme a nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa sechaba. E ne e le Mo-Mason wa Mokete wa kwa Scotland wa dikirii ya bo masome a mararo le boraro mme o ne a direla jaaka Grand Master wa Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge ya Maryland <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Grand Masters – MWPHGLMD |url=https://mwphglmd.org/past-grand-masters/ |access-date=2020-07-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> Allen o ne a nyetse gabedi; la ntlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bone (1914) a nyala Thekla Henson, yo a neng a na le barwadi ba babedi le ene: Madelyn le Elizabeth Allen. Lenyalo la gagwe la bobedi e ne e le ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borataro ( 1926) a nyala Gladys Rawlings. O ne a direla mo khuduthamageng ya sekolo se setona sa Virginia Union go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano ( 1950) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro ( 1960). O ne a direla mo khuduthamageng ya Batlhokomedi ba sekolo sa lefatshe la Morgan (se gompieno e leng sekolo se setona sa lefatshe la Morgan ) dingwaga di feta masome a mabedi. Mothusa Tautona wa kgaolo wa Lekgotla la Bosechaba la Kgwebo ya batho Bantsho le mokaedi wa [[:en:National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People|NAACP]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Ingram, E. Renée |first=Charles W. White Sr. |year=2005 |title=Buckingham County |url=https://archive.org/details/buckinghamcounty0000ingr |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=0738518425 |location=Charleston, SC |pages=[https://archive.org/details/buckinghamcounty0000ingr/page/43 43] |quote=}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == jfs2sqt99tz36ftl4n3fbg650ju00gt 0 15163 55191 2026-09-21T20:14:23Z Reagoleboga 10854 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1327048934|Umngqusho]]" 55191 wikitext text/x-wiki   Umngqusho ke sejo sa Aforika Borwa se se dirilweng ka samp le dinawa tsa sukiri, gantsi se jewa le kgogo e e thata e e bidiwang umleqwa ka isiXhosa. Ka tlwaelo ke sejo se se tlwaelegileng sa Ba-Xhosa, se amogetswe ke merafe e mengwe mo Aforika Borwa jaaka sejo sa bone se se tlwaelegileng. Sejo se ke sejo se se tlwaelegileng mo malapeng a le mantsi a Aforika Borwa, se bidiwa isitambu (korong e e tshwailweng) ke batho ba MaZulu le umngqusho ke batho ba MaXhosa. Phetolelo ya SeXhosa, e e neng e jewa ka botoro kgotsa mafura, go bonala e ne e le sejo se se rategang sa ga Nelson Mandela. == Bona gape ==   * List of African dishes * List of legume dishes == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Umngqusho]] pex2sd812a9r230c0t0pp7w57ukbu2e 55192 55191 2026-09-21T20:25:33Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 55192 wikitext text/x-wiki   Umngqusho ke sejo sa Aforika Borwa se se dirilweng ka samp le dinawa tsa sukiri, gantsi se jewa le kgogo e e thata e e bidiwang umleqwa ka isiXhosa.<ref>https://www.sbs.com.au/food/recipe/samp-and-borlotti-bean-stew-umngqusho/cbmbvmyec</ref> Ka tlwaelo ke sejo se se tlwaelegileng sa Ba-Xhosa, se amogetswe ke merafe e mengwe mo Aforika Borwa jaaka sejo sa bone se se tlwaelegileng. Sejo se ke sejo se se tlwaelegileng mo malapeng a le mantsi a Aforika Borwa, se bidiwa isitambu (korong e e tshwailweng) ke batho ba MaZulu le umngqusho ke batho ba MaXhosa.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-09-06-lets-plan-to-make-nomalizos-umngqusho-for-heritage-day/</ref> Phetolelo ya SeXhosa, e e neng e jewa ka botoro kgotsa mafura, go bonala e ne e le sejo se se rategang sa ga Nelson Mandela.<ref>https://iol.co.za/lifestyle/food-drink/2026-09-10-four-traditional-south-african-dishes-to-try-this-heritage-month/</ref> == Bona gape ==   * List of African dishes * List of legume dishes == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Umngqusho]] b6zapca3br4yp3z5pgvov8o6gz9ty7e 0 15164 55193 2026-09-21T20:41:26Z Cruiselady 12522 ke loketse di linki 55193 wikitext text/x-wiki Seaparo ke nngwe dilo tse di botlhokwa mo maphelong a rona ka batho ba di apara go sireletsa ya bona gore e seka ya ponaka le go isereletsa gape mebele ya bona mo dirameng, mo mogoteng le mangwe a maemo a bosa a a ka amang go ka nna le seabe sa go senya letlalo la motho. Seaparo gape se dira gore motho a nne ntse ale phepha a lebela sentle thata ebile a kgabile.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vBIFubrGleMC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=what+is+a+clothing&ots=U0r30XLwKA&sig=RY9GXJFn9UTQc3BPjkamYrcIUMI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=what%20is%20a%20clothing&f=false</ref> Go mefutafuta e farologaneng ya diaparo re nale mesese, dijase, dihembe le marokgwe<ref>https://sewguide.com/types-of-clothes/</ref> dingwe tsa mefuta ke diaparo tsa setso gape diaparo di dirwa ka masela a a farologaneng gape di nale mebala e e farologaneng.Seaparo gape se diriwa go tswa mo diphologolong tse di farologaneng , diaparo tsa ulu di tswa mo bo boeng ba phologolo e e bitsiwang nku monate wa teng ke gore diaparo tsa ulu di boritho thata bogolosegolo ka mariga ebile batho ba di rata ka setlha sa mariga ka disa tsentshe phefo dinngwe tsa diaparo tsa leta ditswa mo phologolong e bitsiwang kwena .<ref>https://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-clothing/animals-used-skins/</ref> Botlhokwa bongwe ba diaparo ke gore dire thusa go tlhagisa botho le ditso tsa rona tse di farologaneng sekai ka diaparo tsa setso tsa seVenda re ka nopola moVenda , ka diaparo tsa setso tsa setswana tse go itsegeng ele makgabe re ka kgona go ka nopola motswana mo matshwititshwiting a batho. Seno se tlhagisa fa seaparo se re thusa go boloka ngwao ya rona.<ref>https://www.ijebmr.com/uploads/pdf/archivepdf/2026/IJEBMR_1863.pdf</ref> Batho ba apara diaparo tse di kgethegileng go bontsha tlotlo le boitumelo mo meletlong e e farologaneng fa ke dira sekai mo moletlong wa lenyalo go apariwa mebala e farologaneng ya mebalabala e kanna mmala wa namume, o mo hibidu, o serolwane jalo le jalo e fela ka loso go bontsha fa batlho ba le fo kutlo botlhokong ba apara diaparo tsa mmala o montsho go tlhompha moswi. Ke e wetsa ka gore seaparo ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya botshelo jwa motho go sireletsa mmele le go kgabisa motho go nna a kgabile.<ref>https://www.ijebmr.com/uploads/pdf/archivepdf/2026/IJEBMR_1863.pdf</ref> igpjkvlt44fwx1gsfmkamf45741rqz9 55194 55193 2026-09-21T20:43:36Z Cruiselady 12522 ke kwetse setlhogo ka ditlhakakgolo 55194 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seaparo''' ke nngwe dilo tse di botlhokwa mo maphelong a rona ka batho ba di apara go sireletsa ya bona gore e seka ya ponaka le go isereletsa gape mebele ya bona mo dirameng, mo mogoteng le mangwe a maemo a bosa a a ka amang go ka nna le seabe sa go senya letlalo la motho. Seaparo gape se dira gore motho a nne ntse ale phepha a lebela sentle thata ebile a kgabile.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vBIFubrGleMC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=what+is+a+clothing&ots=U0r30XLwKA&sig=RY9GXJFn9UTQc3BPjkamYrcIUMI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=what%20is%20a%20clothing&f=false</ref> Go mefutafuta e farologaneng ya diaparo re nale mesese, dijase, dihembe le marokgwe<ref>https://sewguide.com/types-of-clothes/</ref> dingwe tsa mefuta ke diaparo tsa setso gape diaparo di dirwa ka masela a a farologaneng gape di nale mebala e e farologaneng.Seaparo gape se diriwa go tswa mo diphologolong tse di farologaneng , diaparo tsa ulu di tswa mo bo boeng ba phologolo e e bitsiwang nku monate wa teng ke gore diaparo tsa ulu di boritho thata bogolosegolo ka mariga ebile batho ba di rata ka setlha sa mariga ka disa tsentshe phefo dinngwe tsa diaparo tsa leta ditswa mo phologolong e bitsiwang kwena .<ref>https://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-clothing/animals-used-skins/</ref> Botlhokwa bongwe ba diaparo ke gore dire thusa go tlhagisa botho le ditso tsa rona tse di farologaneng sekai ka diaparo tsa setso tsa seVenda re ka nopola moVenda , ka diaparo tsa setso tsa setswana tse go itsegeng ele makgabe re ka kgona go ka nopola motswana mo matshwititshwiting a batho. Seno se tlhagisa fa seaparo se re thusa go boloka ngwao ya rona.<ref>https://www.ijebmr.com/uploads/pdf/archivepdf/2026/IJEBMR_1863.pdf</ref> Batho ba apara diaparo tse di kgethegileng go bontsha tlotlo le boitumelo mo meletlong e e farologaneng fa ke dira sekai mo moletlong wa lenyalo go apariwa mebala e farologaneng ya mebalabala e kanna mmala wa namume, o mo hibidu, o serolwane jalo le jalo e fela ka loso go bontsha fa batlho ba le fo kutlo botlhokong ba apara diaparo tsa mmala o montsho go tlhompha moswi. Ke e wetsa ka gore seaparo ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya botshelo jwa motho go sireletsa mmele le go kgabisa motho go nna a kgabile.<ref>https://www.ijebmr.com/uploads/pdf/archivepdf/2026/IJEBMR_1863.pdf</ref> aliyko6wahid31xwnaj6mwb5e5zjtge 55195 55194 2026-09-21T20:47:36Z Cruiselady 12522 ke loketse senepe sa moaparo wa setswana 55195 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seaparo''' ke nngwe dilo tse di botlhokwa mo maphelong a rona ka batho ba di apara go sireletsa ya bona gore e seka ya ponaka le go isereletsa gape mebele ya bona mo dirameng, mo mogoteng le mangwe a maemo a bosa a a ka amang go ka nna le seabe sa go senya letlalo la motho. Seaparo gape se dira gore motho a nne ntse ale phepha a lebela sentle thata ebile a kgabile.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vBIFubrGleMC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=what+is+a+clothing&ots=U0r30XLwKA&sig=RY9GXJFn9UTQc3BPjkamYrcIUMI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=what%20is%20a%20clothing&f=false</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Setswana traditional dance and attire.jpg|thumb|moaparo wa setswana]] Go mefutafuta e farologaneng ya diaparo re nale mesese, dijase, dihembe le marokgwe<ref>https://sewguide.com/types-of-clothes/</ref> dingwe tsa mefuta ke diaparo tsa setso gape diaparo di dirwa ka masela a a farologaneng gape di nale mebala e e farologaneng.Seaparo gape se diriwa go tswa mo diphologolong tse di farologaneng , diaparo tsa ulu di tswa mo bo boeng ba phologolo e e bitsiwang nku monate wa teng ke gore diaparo tsa ulu di boritho thata bogolosegolo ka mariga ebile batho ba di rata ka setlha sa mariga ka disa tsentshe phefo dinngwe tsa diaparo tsa leta ditswa mo phologolong e bitsiwang kwena .<ref>https://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-clothing/animals-used-skins/</ref> Botlhokwa bongwe ba diaparo ke gore dire thusa go tlhagisa botho le ditso tsa rona tse di farologaneng sekai ka diaparo tsa setso tsa seVenda re ka nopola moVenda , ka diaparo tsa setso tsa setswana tse go itsegeng ele makgabe re ka kgona go ka nopola motswana mo matshwititshwiting a batho. Seno se tlhagisa fa seaparo se re thusa go boloka ngwao ya rona.<ref>https://www.ijebmr.com/uploads/pdf/archivepdf/2026/IJEBMR_1863.pdf</ref> Batho ba apara diaparo tse di kgethegileng go bontsha tlotlo le boitumelo mo meletlong e e farologaneng fa ke dira sekai mo moletlong wa lenyalo go apariwa mebala e farologaneng ya mebalabala e kanna mmala wa namume, o mo hibidu, o serolwane jalo le jalo e fela ka loso go bontsha fa batlho ba le fo kutlo botlhokong ba apara diaparo tsa mmala o montsho go tlhompha moswi. Ke e wetsa ka gore seaparo ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya botshelo jwa motho go sireletsa mmele le go kgabisa motho go nna a kgabile.<ref>https://www.ijebmr.com/uploads/pdf/archivepdf/2026/IJEBMR_1863.pdf</ref> 2na1fa8xllwy2w9kn8tbg1snx1ib8hy 0 15165 55196 2026-09-21T22:41:19Z Cruiselady 12522 ke loketse di linki 55196 wikitext text/x-wiki Folaga ya AforikaBorwa ke nngwe ya matshwao a botlhokwa a naga ka gore e emelela setshaba sa rona, kgololosego ya rona le tsholofelo ya naga ya rona. Ka ngwaga wa 1994 folaga eno e ne ya amogelwa morago ga diphetogo tse di rileng tsa sepolotiki tse di neng dia bona gole matshwanedi gore di fedise mmuso o setlhogo wa temokerasi. Folaga eno ya rona e dirilwe ka mebala e e farologaneng eo e nang le ditlhaloso tse di farologaneng.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/gl/en/travel/article/an-enduring-symbol-of-unity-and-overcoming-adversity-as-a-nation</ref> Mebala e e bonwang mo folageng ya AforikaBorwa e merataro ka palo , re nale khibidu, tshweu, botala, bontsho, serolwana le mmala wa legodimo. Fa reka ela tlhoko sebopego sa folaga eno ya rona mo bogareng se tlhagisa tlhaka ya " Y" eo e kayang ditsela tse di kopaneng mmogo seno se ka kaya kopano ya maAforikaBorwa a a tswang kwa mafelong le ditso tse di farologaneng le go tshwaragana ga bona gore naga e ya rona e agege. Mmala o montsho mo folageng o kaya mmala wa rona maAforika, o serolwana ona go kaiwa fa o emetse khumo e e bonwang mo nageng ya rona sekai diminirale. O motala mmala ona o emetse temo le lefatshe la bo rramogolokhukhu ba rona mme ka fa letlhakoreng la mmala o mosweu , o kaya kutlwano le kagiso re wetsa ka gore o mohibidu ona o kaya matla a rona bana ba thari entsho le bopelokgale ba rona. E fela seo se gakgamatsang ke gore tlhaloso ya mebala eno ga e isi e beiwe semmuso.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/gl/en/travel/article/an-enduring-symbol-of-unity-and-overcoming-adversity-as-a-nation</ref> Botlhokwa ba folaga eno ke kopanya batho ba dipuo le ditso tse di farologaneng, go itsege fa AforikaBorwa e nale dipuo tse dintsi le ditso tsa mefuta e e farologaneng seno se tlhagisa fa fologa ya rona ere gakolola gore fa rele batho re a farologana ntlha ya botlhokwa ke gore folaga eno e dirisiwa kwa ditiragalong tsa botlhokwa jaaka dikopano tsa puso le moletlo wa setshaba, fa folaga eno e tsholediwa mo ditiragalong tseo go rena boikgantsho le tlotlo mo tikolong eo ka jalo folaga ya AforikaBorwa ga se lesela fela ke letshwao la naga leo le emelang hisitori.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/gl/en/travel/article/an-enduring-symbol-of-unity-and-overcoming-adversity-as-a-nation</ref> swamoh5r1js5n6t7778by3p0gj2r1mt 55197 55196 2026-09-21T22:43:54Z Cruiselady 12522 ke kwetse setlhogo ka ditlhakakgolo 55197 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Folaga ya AforikaBorwa''' ke nngwe ya matshwao a botlhokwa a naga ka gore e emelela setshaba sa rona, kgololosego ya rona le tsholofelo ya naga ya rona. Ka ngwaga wa 1994 folaga eno e ne ya amogelwa morago ga diphetogo tse di rileng tsa sepolotiki tse di neng dia bona gole matshwanedi gore di fedise mmuso o setlhogo wa temokerasi. Folaga eno ya rona e dirilwe ka mebala e e farologaneng eo e nang le ditlhaloso tse di farologaneng.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/gl/en/travel/article/an-enduring-symbol-of-unity-and-overcoming-adversity-as-a-nation</ref> Mebala e e bonwang mo folageng ya AforikaBorwa e merataro ka palo , re nale khibidu, tshweu, botala, bontsho, serolwana le mmala wa legodimo. Fa reka ela tlhoko sebopego sa folaga eno ya rona mo bogareng se tlhagisa tlhaka ya " Y" eo e kayang ditsela tse di kopaneng mmogo seno se ka kaya kopano ya maAforikaBorwa a a tswang kwa mafelong le ditso tse di farologaneng le go tshwaragana ga bona gore naga e ya rona e agege. Mmala o montsho mo folageng o kaya mmala wa rona maAforika, o serolwana ona go kaiwa fa o emetse khumo e e bonwang mo nageng ya rona sekai diminirale. O motala mmala ona o emetse temo le lefatshe la bo rramogolokhukhu ba rona mme ka fa letlhakoreng la mmala o mosweu , o kaya kutlwano le kagiso re wetsa ka gore o mohibidu ona o kaya matla a rona bana ba thari entsho le bopelokgale ba rona. E fela seo se gakgamatsang ke gore tlhaloso ya mebala eno ga e isi e beiwe semmuso.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/gl/en/travel/article/an-enduring-symbol-of-unity-and-overcoming-adversity-as-a-nation</ref> Botlhokwa ba folaga eno ke kopanya batho ba dipuo le ditso tse di farologaneng, go itsege fa AforikaBorwa e nale dipuo tse dintsi le ditso tsa mefuta e e farologaneng seno se tlhagisa fa fologa ya rona ere gakolola gore fa rele batho re a farologana ntlha ya botlhokwa ke gore folaga eno e dirisiwa kwa ditiragalong tsa botlhokwa jaaka dikopano tsa puso le moletlo wa setshaba, fa folaga eno e tsholediwa mo ditiragalong tseo go rena boikgantsho le tlotlo mo tikolong eo ka jalo folaga ya AforikaBorwa ga se lesela fela ke letshwao la naga leo le emelang hisitori.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/gl/en/travel/article/an-enduring-symbol-of-unity-and-overcoming-adversity-as-a-nation</ref> 6my3dyu9v25wf7z1u0bqkxz29q08gm0 55198 55197 2026-09-21T22:49:24Z Cruiselady 12522 Ke loketse dinepe tsa folaga ya AforikaBorwa 55198 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Flag of South Africa.svg|thumb|FOLAGA YA AFORIKABORWA]] '''Folaga ya AforikaBorwa''' ke nngwe ya matshwao a botlhokwa a naga ka gore e emelela setshaba sa rona, kgololosego ya rona le tsholofelo ya naga ya rona. Ka ngwaga wa 1994 folaga eno e ne ya amogelwa morago ga diphetogo tse di rileng tsa sepolotiki tse di neng dia bona gole matshwanedi gore di fedise mmuso o setlhogo wa temokerasi. Folaga eno ya rona e dirilwe ka mebala e e farologaneng eo e nang le ditlhaloso tse di farologaneng.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/gl/en/travel/article/an-enduring-symbol-of-unity-and-overcoming-adversity-as-a-nation</ref> Mebala e e bonwang mo folageng ya AforikaBorwa e merataro ka palo , re nale khibidu, tshweu, botala, bontsho, serolwana le mmala wa legodimo. Fa reka ela tlhoko sebopego sa folaga eno ya rona mo bogareng se tlhagisa tlhaka ya " Y" eo e kayang ditsela tse di kopaneng mmogo seno se ka kaya kopano ya maAforikaBorwa a a tswang kwa mafelong le ditso tse di farologaneng le go tshwaragana ga bona gore naga e ya rona e agege. Mmala o montsho mo folageng o kaya mmala wa rona maAforika, o serolwana ona go kaiwa fa o emetse khumo e e bonwang mo nageng ya rona sekai diminirale. O motala mmala ona o emetse temo le lefatshe la bo rramogolokhukhu ba rona mme ka fa letlhakoreng la mmala o mosweu , o kaya kutlwano le kagiso re wetsa ka gore o mohibidu ona o kaya matla a rona bana ba thari entsho le bopelokgale ba rona. E fela seo se gakgamatsang ke gore tlhaloso ya mebala eno ga e isi e beiwe semmuso.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/gl/en/travel/article/an-enduring-symbol-of-unity-and-overcoming-adversity-as-a-nation</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Flag map of South Africa.svg|thumb|AFORIKABORWA]] Botlhokwa ba folaga eno ke kopanya batho ba dipuo le ditso tse di farologaneng, go itsege fa AforikaBorwa e nale dipuo tse dintsi le ditso tsa mefuta e e farologaneng seno se tlhagisa fa fologa ya rona ere gakolola gore fa rele batho re a farologana ntlha ya botlhokwa ke gore folaga eno e dirisiwa kwa ditiragalong tsa botlhokwa jaaka dikopano tsa puso le moletlo wa setshaba, fa folaga eno e tsholediwa mo ditiragalong tseo go rena boikgantsho le tlotlo mo tikolong eo ka jalo folaga ya AforikaBorwa ga se lesela fela ke letshwao la naga leo le emelang hisitori.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/gl/en/travel/article/an-enduring-symbol-of-unity-and-overcoming-adversity-as-a-nation</ref> hq0hg3isakfcgjnjfwab1twxq4ymj23 0 15166 55199 2026-09-21T23:27:00Z Cruiselady 12522 ke loketse di linki 55199 wikitext text/x-wiki Sekano sa setshaba sa AforikaBorwa ke letshwao la botlhokwa mo nageng ya rona seo se emelang histori, kutlwano le dikeletso tsa batho ba AforikaBorwa, se itsisiwe semmuso ka letsatsi la kgololosegolo 27 Moranang 2000 se diretswe go emelela go nchafadiwa ga AforikaBorwa eo e retsweng mo temokrasing le botsalano. Dinonyane tse pedi tse di bonwang di emelane ko godimo ga sekano seno di kaya tshireletso le go nna malalaalaotswe ebe bogareng ba tsona go bonala tlhogo ya nonyane eo e kayang matla le go ikemisetsa ga setshaba , fa o lebelela ka kelotlhoko ka fa tlase ga dinonyane tseo go bonala letsatsi leo re bonanang le tlhoga letsatsi leno le emelela lesedi le tsholofelo ya isago eo e itumedisang. Bogareng ba sekano seo go bonala thebe e e nang le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng tse di kayang setso le hisitori ya batho ba AforikaBorwa, ga bo go nna le setshwantsho sa batho ba babedi ka fa gare ga thebe eo , se emela kagiso,kutlwano le go tsalana ga batho.<ref>https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/poster.pdf</ref> Marumo a mabedi le dithobane tse di bonwang kwa godimo di kaya didiriswa tse di neng di dirisiwa mo tshireletsong ya naga le go laola, setshwantsho sa dithunya tsa dijo tse di tswakantshitsweng le dimela, dithunya di kaya temo, botshelo le dijo, seno se re gakolola ka botlhokwa jwa temo mo maphelong a rona maAforikaBorwa gape di supa kgolo le go nonofa go go siameng gwa naga eno ya rona. Puo e e kwadilweng ka seSan mo sekanong seno e tlhalosa fa e kaya go " Batho ba ba farologaneng ba kopana " go gatelela gore go farogana ga rona maAforika ga go a tshwanela gore kgaogana kana gore lwesa e fela go tshwanetse gore kopanya ra nna ngatana ele nngwe. Sekano seno se tlhagisa fa re tshwanetse go tshedisana rele bana ba thari e ntsho.<ref>https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/poster.pdf</ref> 7ls1yl9qxf4lli6xw0kbwdvox4ih6ms 55200 55199 2026-09-21T23:28:02Z Cruiselady 12522 ke kwetse setlhogo ka ditlhakakgolo 55200 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sekano sa setshaba sa AforikaBorwa''' ke letshwao la botlhokwa mo nageng ya rona seo se emelang histori, kutlwano le dikeletso tsa batho ba AforikaBorwa, se itsisiwe semmuso ka letsatsi la kgololosegolo 27 Moranang 2000 se diretswe go emelela go nchafadiwa ga AforikaBorwa eo e retsweng mo temokrasing le botsalano. Dinonyane tse pedi tse di bonwang di emelane ko godimo ga sekano seno di kaya tshireletso le go nna malalaalaotswe ebe bogareng ba tsona go bonala tlhogo ya nonyane eo e kayang matla le go ikemisetsa ga setshaba , fa o lebelela ka kelotlhoko ka fa tlase ga dinonyane tseo go bonala letsatsi leo re bonanang le tlhoga letsatsi leno le emelela lesedi le tsholofelo ya isago eo e itumedisang. Bogareng ba sekano seo go bonala thebe e e nang le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng tse di kayang setso le hisitori ya batho ba AforikaBorwa, ga bo go nna le setshwantsho sa batho ba babedi ka fa gare ga thebe eo , se emela kagiso,kutlwano le go tsalana ga batho.<ref>https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/poster.pdf</ref> Marumo a mabedi le dithobane tse di bonwang kwa godimo di kaya didiriswa tse di neng di dirisiwa mo tshireletsong ya naga le go laola, setshwantsho sa dithunya tsa dijo tse di tswakantshitsweng le dimela, dithunya di kaya temo, botshelo le dijo, seno se re gakolola ka botlhokwa jwa temo mo maphelong a rona maAforikaBorwa gape di supa kgolo le go nonofa go go siameng gwa naga eno ya rona. Puo e e kwadilweng ka seSan mo sekanong seno e tlhalosa fa e kaya go " Batho ba ba farologaneng ba kopana " go gatelela gore go farogana ga rona maAforika ga go a tshwanela gore kgaogana kana gore lwesa e fela go tshwanetse gore kopanya ra nna ngatana ele nngwe. Sekano seno se tlhagisa fa re tshwanetse go tshedisana rele bana ba thari e ntsho.<ref>https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/poster.pdf</ref> qobnqvk9sggglk6cw1485u02ofp76y7 55201 55200 2026-09-21T23:30:56Z Cruiselady 12522 ke loketse senepe sa sekano 55201 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sekano sa setshaba sa AforikaBorwa''' ke letshwao la botlhokwa mo nageng ya rona seo se emelang histori, kutlwano le dikeletso tsa batho ba AforikaBorwa, se itsisiwe semmuso ka letsatsi la kgololosegolo 27 Moranang 2000 se diretswe go emelela go nchafadiwa ga AforikaBorwa eo e retsweng mo temokrasing le botsalano. Dinonyane tse pedi tse di bonwang di emelane ko godimo ga sekano seno di kaya tshireletso le go nna malalaalaotswe ebe bogareng ba tsona go bonala tlhogo ya nonyane eo e kayang matla le go ikemisetsa ga setshaba , fa o lebelela ka kelotlhoko ka fa tlase ga dinonyane tseo go bonala letsatsi leo re bonanang le tlhoga letsatsi leno le emelela lesedi le tsholofelo ya isago eo e itumedisang. Bogareng ba sekano seo go bonala thebe e e nang le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng tse di kayang setso le hisitori ya batho ba AforikaBorwa, ga bo go nna le setshwantsho sa batho ba babedi ka fa gare ga thebe eo , se emela kagiso,kutlwano le go tsalana ga batho.<ref>https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/poster.pdf</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|thumb|Sekano sa setshaba sa AforikaBorwa]] Marumo a mabedi le dithobane tse di bonwang kwa godimo di kaya didiriswa tse di neng di dirisiwa mo tshireletsong ya naga le go laola, setshwantsho sa dithunya tsa dijo tse di tswakantshitsweng le dimela, dithunya di kaya temo, botshelo le dijo, seno se re gakolola ka botlhokwa jwa temo mo maphelong a rona maAforikaBorwa gape di supa kgolo le go nonofa go go siameng gwa naga eno ya rona. Puo e e kwadilweng ka seSan mo sekanong seno e tlhalosa fa e kaya go " Batho ba ba farologaneng ba kopana " go gatelela gore go farogana ga rona maAforika ga go a tshwanela gore kgaogana kana gore lwesa e fela go tshwanetse gore kopanya ra nna ngatana ele nngwe. Sekano seno se tlhagisa fa re tshwanetse go tshedisana rele bana ba thari e ntsho.<ref>https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/poster.pdf</ref> 5mf4elbkrqmrf6zj3rs53f06ob40vcd 0 15167 55232 2026-09-22T08:15:12Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e 55232 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Diepkloof-general-view.JPG|thumb|Pono ya kakaretso ya Diepkloof Rock Shelter]] '''Diepkloof Rock Shelter''' ke lefelo la tshireletso la letlapa kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]], Aforika Borwa le mo go lone go fitlhetsweng bosupi bongwe jwa ntlha jwa tiriso ya batho ya [[matshwao]], ka sebopego sa diphethene tse di gabilweng mo ditshoding tsa metsi tsa dikgapetla tsa mae a [[ntshe]]. Tseno di simolotse dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a marataro tse di fetileng.<ref name=":1">Texier, PJ; Porraz, G; Parkington, J; Rigaud, JP; Poggenpoel, C; Miller, C; Tribolo, C; Cartwright, C; Coudenneau, A; Klein, R; Steele, T; Verna, C (2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851956 "A Howiesons Poort tradition of engraving ostrich eggshell containers dated to 60,000 years ago at Diepkloof Rock Shelter, South Africa"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences''. '''107''' (14): 6180–6185. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0913047107|10.1073/pnas.0913047107]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851956 2851956]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20194764 20194764].</ref><ref name=":2">Tribolo, C. Mercier; Valladas, H. Joron J.L.; Guibert, P.; Lefrais, Y.; Selo, M.; Texier, P.-J.; Rigaud, J.-Ph.; Porraz, G.; Poggenpoel, C.; Parkington, J.; Texier, J.-P.; Lenoble, A. (2009). "Thermoluminescence dating of a Stillbay–Howiesons Poort sequence at Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Western Cape, South Africa)". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''36''' (3): 730–739. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JArSc..36..730T 2009JArSc..36..730T]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.10.018|10.1016/j.jas.2008.10.018]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Diepkloof-excavation-2009.JPG|thumb|Tebo ya kakaretso ya go epa ka paka ya loeto ya 2009]] Diphetene tsa tshwantshetso di na le mela e e kgabagantsweng ka dikhutlo tse di siameng kgotsa dikhutlo tse di sekamelang ka go thuthupa. Go akanyeditswe gore "ka go boeletsa motif o, batho ba ntlha ba ne ba leka go tlhaeletsana ka sengwe. Gongwe ba ne ba leka go tlhagisa boitshupo jwa motho kgotsa setlhopha."<ref>Amos, J. (2010). [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8544332.stm Etched ostrich eggs illustrate human sophistication]. BBC News</ref> Ka 2024, Diepkloof Rock Shelter le ne la nna karolo ya [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la Mafelo a go nniwa ga Pleistocene a Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1723 "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa"]. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026.</ref> == Tlhaloso ya lefelo == [[Setshwantsho:Diepkloof-excavation-2009-detail.JPG|thumb|Go epiwa ga karolo e e kwa godimo ya peeletso]] Logaga lono lo dikilometara di ka nna lesome le bosupa go tswa kwa lotshitshing lwa Lewatle la Atlantic mo lefelong le le omileng go sekae, gaufi le [[Elands Bay]] dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a matlhano kwa bokone jwa [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]].<ref name=":2" /> E tlhagelela mo [[Letlapa la motlhaba la quartzitic|letlapeng la motlhaba la quartzitic]] mo thoteng e e lebileng kwa botlhaba dimitara di le lekgolo (330 ft) kwa godimo ga [[Noka ya Verlorenvlei]]. E na le nngwe ya "tatelano e e feletseng le e e tswelelang ya moragonyana ya [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]] mo borwa jwa Aforika"<ref name=":1" /> e e simololang pele ga 130,000 BP go ya go e ka nnang 45,000 BP mme e akaretsa pele ga Stillbay, [[Stillbay]], [[Howiesons Poort]], le morago ga Howiesons Poort. E ka nna dimitara di le masome a mabedi le botlhano (82 ft) ka bophara le dimitara di le lesome le botlhano (49 ft) ka boteng. Patlisiso e theilwe mo diphitlhelelong tse di ribolotsweng mo moseleng o o epolotsweng mo teng ga one o o boleele jwa dimitara di le lesome le borataro (52 ft) go kgabaganya le dimitara di le 3.6 (12 ft) ka boteng. Dipeeletso di na le masalela a ditshedi a a fisitsweng le a a sa fisiwang le molora o o tswang mo dibesong, dithotobolo tsa molora le malao a a fisitsweng.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Mafelo a ngwao a lefatshe mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Paleolithic]] [[Karolo:Motlha wa bogare wa matlapa]] 87gwfzssgxdprgz2owu1rffl4lyc8fg 55238 55232 2026-09-22T09:13:34Z KatieKea 10150 Ke okeditse tlhanolo le metswedi. 55238 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Diepkloof-general-view.JPG|thumb|Pono ya kakaretso ya Diepkloof Rock Shelter]] '''Diepkloof Rock Shelter''' ke lefelo la tshireletso la letlapa kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]], Aforika Borwa le mo go lone go fitlhetsweng bosupi bongwe jwa ntlha jwa tiriso ya batho ya [[matshwao]], ka sebopego sa diphethene tse di gabilweng mo ditshoding tsa metsi tsa dikgapetla tsa mae a [[ntshe]]. Tseno di simolotse dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a marataro tse di fetileng.<ref name=":1">Texier, PJ; Porraz, G; Parkington, J; Rigaud, JP; Poggenpoel, C; Miller, C; Tribolo, C; Cartwright, C; Coudenneau, A; Klein, R; Steele, T; Verna, C (2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851956 "A Howiesons Poort tradition of engraving ostrich eggshell containers dated to 60,000 years ago at Diepkloof Rock Shelter, South Africa"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences''. '''107''' (14): 6180–6185. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0913047107|10.1073/pnas.0913047107]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851956 2851956]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20194764 20194764].</ref><ref name=":2">Tribolo, C. Mercier; Valladas, H. Joron J.L.; Guibert, P.; Lefrais, Y.; Selo, M.; Texier, P.-J.; Rigaud, J.-Ph.; Porraz, G.; Poggenpoel, C.; Parkington, J.; Texier, J.-P.; Lenoble, A. (2009). "Thermoluminescence dating of a Stillbay–Howiesons Poort sequence at Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Western Cape, South Africa)". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''36''' (3): 730–739. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JArSc..36..730T 2009JArSc..36..730T]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.10.018|10.1016/j.jas.2008.10.018]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Diepkloof-excavation-2009.JPG|thumb|Tebo ya kakaretso ya go epa ka paka ya loeto ya 2009]] Diphetene tsa tshwantshetso di na le mela e e kgabagantsweng ka dikhutlo tse di siameng kgotsa dikhutlo tse di sekamelang ka go thuthupa. Go akanyeditswe gore "ka go boeletsa motif o, batho ba ntlha ba ne ba leka go tlhaeletsana ka sengwe. Gongwe ba ne ba leka go tlhagisa boitshupo jwa motho kgotsa setlhopha."<ref name=":3">Amos, J. (2010). [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8544332.stm Etched ostrich eggs illustrate human sophistication]. BBC News</ref> Ka 2024, Diepkloof Rock Shelter le ne la nna karolo ya [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la Mafelo a go nniwa ga Pleistocene a Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1723 "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa"]. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026.</ref> == Tlhaloso ya lefelo == [[Setshwantsho:Diepkloof-excavation-2009-detail.JPG|thumb|Go epiwa ga karolo e e kwa godimo ya peeletso]] Logaga lono lo dikilometara di ka nna lesome le bosupa go tswa kwa lotshitshing lwa Lewatle la Atlantic mo lefelong le le omileng go sekae, gaufi le [[Elands Bay]] dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a matlhano kwa bokone jwa [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]].<ref name=":2" /> E tlhagelela mo [[Letlapa la motlhaba la quartzitic|letlapeng la motlhaba la quartzitic]] mo thoteng e e lebileng kwa botlhaba dimitara di le lekgolo (330 ft) kwa godimo ga [[Noka ya Verlorenvlei]]. E na le nngwe ya "tatelano e e feletseng le e e tswelelang ya moragonyana ya [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]] mo borwa jwa Aforika"<ref name=":1" /> e e simololang pele ga 130,000 BP go ya go e ka nnang 45,000 BP mme e akaretsa pele ga Stillbay, [[Stillbay]], [[Howiesons Poort]], le morago ga Howiesons Poort. E ka nna dimitara di le masome a mabedi le botlhano (82 ft) ka bophara le dimitara di le lesome le botlhano (49 ft) ka boteng. Patlisiso e theilwe mo diphitlhelelong tse di ribolotsweng mo moseleng o o epolotsweng mo teng ga one o o boleele jwa dimitara di le lesome le borataro (52 ft) go kgabaganya le dimitara di le 3.6 (12 ft) ka boteng. Dipeeletso di na le masalela a ditshedi a a fisitsweng le a a sa fisiwang le molora o o tswang mo dibesong, dithotobolo tsa molora le malao a a fisitsweng.<ref name=":1" /> E ne ya epiwa la ntlha ka 1973 ke [[John Parkington]] le Cedric Poggenpoel.<ref>Parkington, J., Poggenpoel, C. (1987). "Diepkloof Rock Shelter". In: Parkington, J., Hall, M. (Eds.), ''Papers in Prehistory of the Western Cape, South Africa'', vol. 332. BAR International, pp. 269–293. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-86054-425-8|978-0-86054-425-8]].</bdi></ref> Fa e sale ka 1999 e ntse e batlisisiwa ka tirisanommogo magareng ga Lephata la Thutamarope kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Motsekapa]] le Setheo sa Thutamarope ya Pele ga Ditso le ya Quaternary kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Bordeaux]].<ref name=":2" /> Kwa Diepkloof Rock Shelter (DRS), go tswa go 70 go ya go 74 ka dintlha tsa difatlhego tse pedi le dintlha tsa difatlhego tse pedi di teng fa dipopego tse di sa raraanang thata jaaka dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tse di tshegeditsweng di diragala go tswa go 70 ka go ya go 60 ka mme morago ga moo di emisediwa ka dintlha tsa sefatlhego se le sengwe. Quartz le quartzite di laola setlhopha sa ntlha e e nang le ditiragalo di le mmalwa tsa silcrete. Ka nako ya setlhopha sa 70-74 ka, silcrete e tsere sebaka sa quartz fa quartzite e santse e le e e laolang ka tekatekano. Go tloga ka 65 go ya go 70 ka quartz e nna e e laolang gape ka quartzite le yone e le teng.<ref>Mackay, Alex; Marwick, Ben (2011). "Costs and benefits in technological decision making under variable conditions: examples from the late Pleistocene in southern Africa". ''Keeping your Edge: Recent Approaches to the Organisation of Stone Artefact Technology''.</ref> == Ditshodi tse di gabilweng tsa kgapetla ya mae a ntshe == Go fitlhetswe dikarolwana di ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a supa tsa ditshodi tsa dikgapetla tsa mae a ntshe di khurumeditswe ka ditshwantsho tse di gabilweng tsa geometry. Dikarolwana di na le bogolo jo bo kwa godimo jwa 20–30 mm, le fa palo e tsentswe mo dikarolwaneng tse dikgolo tsa 80 × 40 mm. Go fopholediwa gore go bonwe dikarolwana tse di tswang mo ditshoding di le masome a mabedi le botlhano. Dikarolwana tsa kgapetla ya mae di fitlhetswe mo pakeng yotlhe ya go nna mo logageng fela tse di nang le go gatisa di fitlhelwa fela mo dikarolong di le mmalwa mo teng ga paka ya [[Howiesons Poort]]. Tseno di diragala go ralala ditlhopha di le lesome le boferabobedi tsa stratigraphic, segolobogolo tse di nang le maina a stratigraphic a Frank le Darryl. Seno se raya gore ngwao ya go gatisa e ne ya tsaya dingwaga di le dikete di le mmalwa.<ref name=":1" /> Setshwantsho se se gabilweng se na le diphethene tse di boaboelediwang tsa mela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng, go akaretsa le motif wa setlhopha se se thuntshitsweng. Karolwana nngwe e na le mela e mebedi e e bapileng e e ka tswang e ne e le sediko go dikologa setshodi. Go akantswee gore di bopa "thulaganyo ya boemedi jwa tshwantshetso e mo go yone boitshupo jo bo kopanetsweng le dipolelo tsa motho ka bongwe di tlhagisiwang ka tsela e e utlwalang sentle, go akantsha gore go na le ditshegetso tsa loago, setso le tsa tlhaloganyo tse di kopanang le tsa batho ba segompieno."<ref name=":1" /> Mo godimo ga moo, di bontsha "go tlhamiwa ga ngwao e e tshwantshitsweng le tiriso e e raraaneng ya dikarolo tsa loago tse di bontshang metswedi ya dikgang.Bontsi jwa dikgapetla tse di tshwailweng di supa fa go ne go na le melao ya go tlhama ditlhamo mme go nna le sebaka mo teng ga melao go letla gore motho ka bongwe le/kgotsa setlhopha a dire se a se ratang."<ref name=":1" /> Diphitlhelelo tsa pele di teng tsa tshwantshetso, jaaka dikarolo tsa ochre tse di gabilweng tsa dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a supa le botlhano tse di fitlhetsweng mo [[Logaga lwa Blombos|logageng lwa Blombos]], fela tseno di kgaogane e bile go thata go di farologanya le di-doodle tse di senang bokao.<ref name=":3" /> Ditshwantsho tse di gabilweng di fitlhelwa mo dikgapetleng tsa mae a ntshe tse di neng di dirisiwa jaaka ditshodi tsa metsi. Dikgapetla tsa mae a ntshe di na le palogare ya boteng jwa litara e le nngwe. Di ka tswa di ne di na le dipompo tsa go nwa, dikhuti go di kgontsha go bofiwa jaaka [[kantini]] go re di kgone go rwalwa bonolo, mme go lebega e ne e le karolo ya "botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi jwa [[motsomi-mophuthi]]".<ref name=":1" /> Di ne di akaretsa bokgoni jwa go di dira, mme mongwe wa babatlisisi o ne a lemoga gore "Dikgapetla tsa mae a ntshe di thata tota. Go dira ditshwantsho tse di ntseng jalo ga go bonolo jalo."<ref name=":3" /> == Dimela tsa selegae == == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Mafelo a ngwao a lefatshe mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Paleolithic]] [[Karolo:Motlha wa bogare wa matlapa]] fwaoeq3kpp1bwmcqieap2rcn0pc3xre 55243 55238 2026-09-22T09:43:13Z KatieKea 10150 /* Dimela tsa selegae */ ke ranotse karolo e 55243 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Diepkloof-general-view.JPG|thumb|Pono ya kakaretso ya Diepkloof Rock Shelter]] '''Diepkloof Rock Shelter''' ke lefelo la tshireletso la letlapa kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]], Aforika Borwa le mo go lone go fitlhetsweng bosupi bongwe jwa ntlha jwa tiriso ya batho ya [[matshwao]], ka sebopego sa diphethene tse di gabilweng mo ditshoding tsa metsi tsa dikgapetla tsa mae a [[ntshe]]. Tseno di simolotse dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a marataro tse di fetileng.<ref name=":1">Texier, PJ; Porraz, G; Parkington, J; Rigaud, JP; Poggenpoel, C; Miller, C; Tribolo, C; Cartwright, C; Coudenneau, A; Klein, R; Steele, T; Verna, C (2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851956 "A Howiesons Poort tradition of engraving ostrich eggshell containers dated to 60,000 years ago at Diepkloof Rock Shelter, South Africa"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences''. '''107''' (14): 6180–6185. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0913047107|10.1073/pnas.0913047107]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851956 2851956]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20194764 20194764].</ref><ref name=":2">Tribolo, C. Mercier; Valladas, H. Joron J.L.; Guibert, P.; Lefrais, Y.; Selo, M.; Texier, P.-J.; Rigaud, J.-Ph.; Porraz, G.; Poggenpoel, C.; Parkington, J.; Texier, J.-P.; Lenoble, A. (2009). "Thermoluminescence dating of a Stillbay–Howiesons Poort sequence at Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Western Cape, South Africa)". ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''36''' (3): 730–739. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JArSc..36..730T 2009JArSc..36..730T]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.10.018|10.1016/j.jas.2008.10.018]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Diepkloof-excavation-2009.JPG|thumb|Tebo ya kakaretso ya go epa ka paka ya loeto ya 2009]] Diphetene tsa tshwantshetso di na le mela e e kgabagantsweng ka dikhutlo tse di siameng kgotsa dikhutlo tse di sekamelang ka go thuthupa. Go akanyeditswe gore "ka go boeletsa motif o, batho ba ntlha ba ne ba leka go tlhaeletsana ka sengwe. Gongwe ba ne ba leka go tlhagisa boitshupo jwa motho kgotsa setlhopha."<ref name=":3">Amos, J. (2010). [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8544332.stm Etched ostrich eggs illustrate human sophistication]. BBC News</ref> Ka 2024, Diepkloof Rock Shelter le ne la nna karolo ya [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la Mafelo a go nniwa ga Pleistocene a Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1723 "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa"]. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026.</ref> == Tlhaloso ya lefelo == [[Setshwantsho:Diepkloof-excavation-2009-detail.JPG|thumb|Go epiwa ga karolo e e kwa godimo ya peeletso]] Logaga lono lo dikilometara di ka nna lesome le bosupa go tswa kwa lotshitshing lwa Lewatle la Atlantic mo lefelong le le omileng go sekae, gaufi le [[Elands Bay]] dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a matlhano kwa bokone jwa [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]].<ref name=":2" /> E tlhagelela mo [[Letlapa la motlhaba la quartzitic|letlapeng la motlhaba la quartzitic]] mo thoteng e e lebileng kwa botlhaba dimitara di le lekgolo (330 ft) kwa godimo ga [[Noka ya Verlorenvlei]]. E na le nngwe ya "tatelano e e feletseng le e e tswelelang ya moragonyana ya [[Motlha wa Letlapa la Bogare]] mo borwa jwa Aforika"<ref name=":1" /> e e simololang pele ga 130,000 BP go ya go e ka nnang 45,000 BP mme e akaretsa pele ga Stillbay, [[Stillbay]], [[Howiesons Poort]], le morago ga Howiesons Poort. E ka nna dimitara di le masome a mabedi le botlhano (82 ft) ka bophara le dimitara di le lesome le botlhano (49 ft) ka boteng. Patlisiso e theilwe mo diphitlhelelong tse di ribolotsweng mo moseleng o o epolotsweng mo teng ga one o o boleele jwa dimitara di le lesome le borataro (52 ft) go kgabaganya le dimitara di le 3.6 (12 ft) ka boteng. Dipeeletso di na le masalela a ditshedi a a fisitsweng le a a sa fisiwang le molora o o tswang mo dibesong, dithotobolo tsa molora le malao a a fisitsweng.<ref name=":1" /> E ne ya epiwa la ntlha ka 1973 ke [[John Parkington]] le Cedric Poggenpoel.<ref>Parkington, J., Poggenpoel, C. (1987). "Diepkloof Rock Shelter". In: Parkington, J., Hall, M. (Eds.), ''Papers in Prehistory of the Western Cape, South Africa'', vol. 332. BAR International, pp. 269–293. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-86054-425-8|978-0-86054-425-8]].</bdi></ref> Fa e sale ka 1999 e ntse e batlisisiwa ka tirisanommogo magareng ga Lephata la Thutamarope kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Motsekapa]] le Setheo sa Thutamarope ya Pele ga Ditso le ya Quaternary kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Bordeaux]].<ref name=":2" /> Kwa Diepkloof Rock Shelter (DRS), go tswa go 70 go ya go 74 ka dintlha tsa difatlhego tse pedi le dintlha tsa difatlhego tse pedi di teng fa dipopego tse di sa raraanang thata jaaka dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tse di tshegeditsweng di diragala go tswa go 70 ka go ya go 60 ka mme morago ga moo di emisediwa ka dintlha tsa sefatlhego se le sengwe. Quartz le quartzite di laola setlhopha sa ntlha e e nang le ditiragalo di le mmalwa tsa silcrete. Ka nako ya setlhopha sa 70-74 ka, silcrete e tsere sebaka sa quartz fa quartzite e santse e le e e laolang ka tekatekano. Go tloga ka 65 go ya go 70 ka quartz e nna e e laolang gape ka quartzite le yone e le teng.<ref>Mackay, Alex; Marwick, Ben (2011). "Costs and benefits in technological decision making under variable conditions: examples from the late Pleistocene in southern Africa". ''Keeping your Edge: Recent Approaches to the Organisation of Stone Artefact Technology''.</ref> == Ditshodi tse di gabilweng tsa kgapetla ya mae a ntshe == Go fitlhetswe dikarolwana di ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a supa tsa ditshodi tsa dikgapetla tsa mae a ntshe di khurumeditswe ka ditshwantsho tse di gabilweng tsa geometry. Dikarolwana di na le bogolo jo bo kwa godimo jwa 20–30 mm, le fa palo e tsentswe mo dikarolwaneng tse dikgolo tsa 80 × 40 mm. Go fopholediwa gore go bonwe dikarolwana tse di tswang mo ditshoding di le masome a mabedi le botlhano. Dikarolwana tsa kgapetla ya mae di fitlhetswe mo pakeng yotlhe ya go nna mo logageng fela tse di nang le go gatisa di fitlhelwa fela mo dikarolong di le mmalwa mo teng ga paka ya [[Howiesons Poort]]. Tseno di diragala go ralala ditlhopha di le lesome le boferabobedi tsa stratigraphic, segolobogolo tse di nang le maina a stratigraphic a Frank le Darryl. Seno se raya gore ngwao ya go gatisa e ne ya tsaya dingwaga di le dikete di le mmalwa.<ref name=":1" /> Setshwantsho se se gabilweng se na le diphethene tse di boaboelediwang tsa mela e e sa tlhaloganyesegeng, go akaretsa le motif wa setlhopha se se thuntshitsweng. Karolwana nngwe e na le mela e mebedi e e bapileng e e ka tswang e ne e le sediko go dikologa setshodi. Go akantswee gore di bopa "thulaganyo ya boemedi jwa tshwantshetso e mo go yone boitshupo jo bo kopanetsweng le dipolelo tsa motho ka bongwe di tlhagisiwang ka tsela e e utlwalang sentle, go akantsha gore go na le ditshegetso tsa loago, setso le tsa tlhaloganyo tse di kopanang le tsa batho ba segompieno."<ref name=":1" /> Mo godimo ga moo, di bontsha "go tlhamiwa ga ngwao e e tshwantshitsweng le tiriso e e raraaneng ya dikarolo tsa loago tse di bontshang metswedi ya dikgang.Bontsi jwa dikgapetla tse di tshwailweng di supa fa go ne go na le melao ya go tlhama ditlhamo mme go nna le sebaka mo teng ga melao go letla gore motho ka bongwe le/kgotsa setlhopha a dire se a se ratang."<ref name=":1" /> Diphitlhelelo tsa pele di teng tsa tshwantshetso, jaaka dikarolo tsa ochre tse di gabilweng tsa dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a supa le botlhano tse di fitlhetsweng mo [[Logaga lwa Blombos|logageng lwa Blombos]], fela tseno di kgaogane e bile go thata go di farologanya le di-doodle tse di senang bokao.<ref name=":3" /> Ditshwantsho tse di gabilweng di fitlhelwa mo dikgapetleng tsa mae a ntshe tse di neng di dirisiwa jaaka ditshodi tsa metsi. Dikgapetla tsa mae a ntshe di na le palogare ya boteng jwa litara e le nngwe. Di ka tswa di ne di na le dipompo tsa go nwa, dikhuti go di kgontsha go bofiwa jaaka [[kantini]] go re di kgone go rwalwa bonolo, mme go lebega e ne e le karolo ya "botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi jwa [[motsomi-mophuthi]]".<ref name=":1" /> Di ne di akaretsa bokgoni jwa go di dira, mme mongwe wa babatlisisi o ne a lemoga gore "Dikgapetla tsa mae a ntshe di thata tota. Go dira ditshwantsho tse di ntseng jalo ga go bonolo jalo."<ref name=":3" /> == Dimela tsa selegae == Tshomarelo ya dibodi jaaka logong, bojang, dipeo le maungo mo lefelong e tlhalositswe jaaka "e e kgethegileng".<ref name=":2" /> Masalela a mmudula a letla go supa diphologolo le dimela tsa selegae. Paka ya Howiesons Poort e bontsha bosupi jwa dimela tsa dikgwa kgotsa tsa [[ditlhatshana]] tse jaanong gantsi di fitlhelwang mo megogorong, jaaka [[Diospyros]], [[Cassine peragua]], [[Maytenus]], [[Rhus]], le [[Hartogiella schinoides]]. Ditlhare tsa [[Afromontane]] tse di fitlhelwang mo lefelong leno, di akaretsa [[Ficus]], ''[[Kiggelaria africana]]'', ''[[Podocarpus elongatus]]'', le ''[[Celtis africana]]''. Se se kaya tikologo ya noka e e nang le dikgwa tse di farologaneng go feta e e leng teng jaanong mo lefelong leno.<ref name=":1" /> == Masalela a diphologolo == Masalela a diphologolo a akaretsa a diamusi, dikhudu le dikgapetla tsa lewatle tsa [[magareng ga makhubu a lewatle]]. Bontsi jwa marapo a a fitlhelwang mo logageng a tswa go [[pela]], [[mebutla]], [[serunya sa cape dune]], [[steenbok]] le [[grysbok]]. Diphologolo tse di tswang mo tikologong ya matlapa le tsone di fitlhelwa go akaretsa [[klipspringer]], le [[vaalribbok]]. Gape go na le bosupi jwa mafelo a bojang a selegae, ka masalela a dipitse tsa naga, [[Kgokong|dikgokong]] le [[hartebeest]]. Kubu le [[reedbuck ya borwa]] di ne di tswa kwa nokeng ya lefelo leo. Lotshitsi la lewatle le lebega le suteletse kwa godimo ga noka, ka gonne go na le dikarolwana go tswa mo [[di-mussel tse dintsho]], [[di-limpet tsa granite]] le [[Di-seal tsa boboa jwa Kapa|di-seal tse di boboa tsa Kapa]]. Le fa go na le masalela a kgapetla ya ntshe, ga go ise go bonwe marapo a ntshe.<ref name=":1" /> Marapo a khudu ke bontsi jwa a [[khudu ya angulate]] e e santseng e fitlhelwa mo lefelong leo. Tseno di lemogilwe fa di ne di le "kgolo ka tsela e e gakgamatsang fa di bapisiwa le balekane ba tsone ba Motlha wa Bofelo wa Leje, se se akantshang maatla a a farologaneng a go ja diphologolo tse dingwe magareng ga dipalopalo tsa MSA le tsa Motlha wa Bofelo wa Leje".<ref name=":1" /> == Lefelo la ngwaoboswa la kgaolo == [[Setshwantsho:Provincial Heritage Site Marker, Diepkloof Rock Shelter, Elands Bay.jpg|thumb|Betšhe e e supang gore Diepkloof Rock Shelter ke lefelo la ngwaoboswa la kgaolo]] Diepkloof Rock Shelter e ne ya itsisiwe jaaka lefelo la boswa jwa kgaolo ke [[Heritage Western Cape]] ka Lwetse a le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka 2014 go ya ka Karolo 27 ya Molao wa Didirisiwa tsa Bosetšhaba tsa Boswa.<ref>Provincial Notice 253/2014, Province of the Western Cape Provincial Gazette Extraordinary, No. 7310, Cape Town: 23 September 2014</ref> Seno se fa lefelo maemo a Mophato wa II le go le tlamela ka tshireletso ka fa tlase ga molao wa boswa jwa Aforika Borwa. Ka 2015, puso ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya romela kakanyo ya go oketsa magaga mo lenaaneng la [[Mafelo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] mme e beilwe mo lenaaneng la UNESCO la mafelo a nakwana jaaka ‘tlhopho ya tatelano’ e e ka nnang teng mo isagong mmogo le [[Logaga lwa Blombo|Logaga lwa Blombos]], [[Pinnacle Point]], [[Dikgaga tsa Klasies River|Logaga lwa Noka ya Klasies]], [[Logaga la Sibudu|Logaga lwa Sibudu]] le [[Border Cave]].<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6050 "The Emergence of Modern Humans: The Pleistocene occupation sites of South Africa"]. ''UNESCO''. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bobedi, 2026.</ref> Mafelo a le mararo a ne a bona Maemo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe ka 2024.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1723 "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa"]. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bobedi, 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Mafelo a ngwao a lefatshe mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Paleolithic]] [[Karolo:Motlha wa bogare wa matlapa]] 8w4vzioyshmhfgt9tqa1su1szaoy94n 0 15168 55237 2026-09-22T09:13:00Z Sgadle 12480 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368242865|Walterinnesia]]" 55237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox|image=Sinai-Desert-Cobra.jpg|image_caption=''Walterinnesia aegyptia''|taxon=Walterinnesia|authority=[[Fernand Lataste|Lataste]], 1887|subdivision_ranks=[[Species]]|subdivision=* ''[[Walterinnesia aegyptia]]'' <br>{{small|Lataste, 1887}} * ''[[Walterinnesia morgani]]'' <br>{{small|([[François Mocquard|Mocquard]], 1905)}}}} '''''Walterinnesia''''' ke mofuta wa dinoga tse di botlhole mo lelapeng la Elapidae. Mofuta ono o na le mefuta e le mebedi, e e itsegeng jaaka '''dinoga tse dintsho tsa sekaka''' kgotsa '''dikobra tse dintsho tsa sekaka''', tse di fitlhelwang kwa Botlhabagare. Leina la ''Walterinnesia'' le tlotlomatsa Walter Francis Innes Bey (1858–1937), yo e neng e le ngaka le moithutadiphologolo kwa Egepeto. == Thulaganyo ya ditshedi == ''Walterinnesia aegyptia'' e ne e tsewa e le yona fela mofuta o o leng teng mo go yone. Le fa go ntse jalo, morago go ne ga fitlhelwa gore dipalopalo tsa kwa botlhaba di emela mofuta o o farologaneng, ''Walterinnesia morgani''. == Tlhaloso == Mefuta eno e mebedi e tshwana thata ka tebego le mekgwa ya yone. ''W. aegyptia'' e ntsho gotlhelele e bile e na le makape a a phatsimang thata . ''W. morgani'' e farologana ka go nna le mokgwa wa bosha wa go nna le methalo e e bohibidu mo mokwatleng, le dipalo tse di kwa tlase tsa palogare ya sekale sa ventral le subcaudal. Di na le mebele ya disilindara le megatla e mekhutshwane. Palogare ya boleele jwa tsone ke {{Convert|0.5|m}}, mme di ka gola go fitlha go {{Convert|1.8|m}}. Tlhogo ya yone e nnye, e sephara, e sephaphathi mme e farologane go le gonnye le molala. Nko ya yone e sephara, e na le dintshi tse di bogale ka canthus rostralis e e bonalang. Matlho a one mannye ka bogolo ka dipupil tse di kgolokwe. Dikala tsa mokwatla di borethe fa pele mme di kgomaretse kwa morago ga mmele le kwa morago ya mmele le mogatla. Di phatsima thata go ralala. Palo ya sekale sa mokwatla 27 (24 go ya go 29) – 23 (21–25) – 17. Go farologana le dinoga tse dingwe tse gantsi di bidiwang "dikobra", dikobra tse dintsho tsa sekakeng ga se gantsi di golang kgotsa di ntsha hood pele di itaya go itshireletsa. === Dijo === Mefuta eno ya ditshedi ja thata mekgantitswane e e jaaka di-skink, di-geckos le di-gamid, dinoga tse dingwe, digwagwa, mme ka dinako tse dingwe dipeba le dinonyane . Gape di tlaa ja setopo bonolo . == Phatlalatso == Dinoga tse di tlholega kwa Botlhaba-Gare, go akaretsa dinage tsa [[Egypt|Egepeto]], Iran, Irake, Iseraele, Jordane, Kuwait, Lebanone, Libia, Palesetina, Qatar, Saudi Arabia le [[Turkey]]. === Legaetlhago === Mefuta eno ya ditshedi e nna mo sekakeng (ntle le dikaka tsa motlhaba gotlhelele jaaka Sekaka sa ad-Dahna). Gape di ka fitlhelwa mo mafelong a a nang le sekaka le mo mafelong a a nang le matlapa, a atologelang kwa tlase ga dithaba tsa lefelo le le nang le dimela la Mediterranean. Gape di fitlhelwa gaufi le mafelo a batho ba nnang mo go one mo mo mafelong a temothuo a a nosetswang. == Ditshupiso == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} neehr4yszdpmsmxxfsi15cwsu67kq58 55239 55237 2026-09-22T09:17:38Z Sgadle 12480 Ke dirile ditshupiso 55239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox|image=Sinai-Desert-Cobra.jpg|image_caption=''Walterinnesia aegyptia''|taxon=Walterinnesia|authority=[[Fernand Lataste|Lataste]], 1887|subdivision_ranks=[[Species]]|subdivision=* ''[[Walterinnesia aegyptia]]'' <br>{{small|Lataste, 1887}} * ''[[Walterinnesia morgani]]'' <br>{{small|([[François Mocquard|Mocquard]], 1905)}}}} '''''Walterinnesia''''' ke mofuta wa dinoga tse di botlhole mo lelapeng la Elapidae. Mofuta ono o na le mefuta e le mebedi, e e itsegeng jaaka '''dinoga tse dintsho tsa sekaka''' kgotsa '''dikobra tse dintsho tsa sekaka''', tse di fitlhelwang kwa Botlhabagare.<ref>"''Walterinnesia''". ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System)</ref> Leina la ''Walterinnesia'' le tlotlomatsa Walter Francis Innes Bey (1858–1937), yo e neng e le ngaka le moithutadiphologolo kwa Egepeto.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN. (''Walterinnesia aegyptia'', p. 130).</ref> == Thulaganyo ya ditshedi == ''Walterinnesia aegyptia'' e ne e tsewa e le yona fela mofuta o o leng teng mo go yone. Le fa go ntse jalo, morago go ne ga fitlhelwa gore dipalopalo tsa kwa botlhaba di emela mofuta o o farologaneng, ''Walterinnesia morgani''.<ref name=":1">Nilson, Göran; Rastegar-Pouyani, Nasrullah (2007). "''Walterinnesia aegyptia'' Lataste, 1887 (Ophidia: Elapidae) and the status of ''Naja morgani'' Mocquard 1905". ''Russian Journal of Herpetology'' '''14''': 7–14.</ref> == Tlhaloso == Mefuta eno e mebedi e tshwana thata ka tebego le mekgwa ya yone. ''W. aegyptia'' e ntsho gotlhelele e bile e na le makape a a phatsimang thata . ''W. morgani'' e farologana ka go nna le mokgwa wa bosha wa go nna le methalo e e bohibidu mo mokwatleng, le dipalo tse di kwa tlase tsa palogare ya sekale sa ventral le subcaudal.<ref name=":1" /> Di na le mebele ya disilindara le megatla e mekhutshwane. Palogare ya boleele jwa tsone ke {{Convert|0.5|m}}, mme di ka gola go fitlha go {{Convert|1.8|m}}. Tlhogo ya yone e nnye, e sephara, e sephaphathi mme e farologane go le gonnye le molala. Nko ya yone e sephara, e na le dintshi tse di bogale ka canthus rostralis e e bonalang. Matlho a one mannye ka bogolo ka dipupil tse di kgolokwe. Dikala tsa mokwatla di borethe fa pele mme di kgomaretse kwa morago ga mmele le kwa morago ya mmele le mogatla. Di phatsima thata go ralala. Palo ya sekale sa mokwatla 27 (24 go ya go 29) – 23 (21–25) – 17.<ref name=":2">Clinical Toxinology Resources – ''Walterinnesia aegyptia''</ref> Go farologana le dinoga tse dingwe tse gantsi di bidiwang "dikobra", dikobra tse dintsho tsa sekakeng ga se gantsi di golang kgotsa di ntsha hood pele di itaya go itshireletsa. === Dijo === Mefuta eno ya ditshedi ja thata mekgantitswane e e jaaka di-skink, di-geckos le di-gamid, dinoga tse dingwe, digwagwa, mme ka dinako tse dingwe dipeba le dinonyane . Gape di tlaa ja setopo bonolo.<ref name=":2" /> == Phatlalatso == Dinoga tse di tlholega kwa Botlhaba-Gare, go akaretsa dinage tsa [[Egypt|Egepeto]], Iran, Irake, Iseraele, Jordane, Kuwait, Lebanone, Libia, Palesetina, Qatar, Saudi Arabia le [[Turkey]].<ref>Ugurtas IH, Papenfuss TJ, Orlov NL (2001). "New record of ''Walterinnesia aegyptia'' Lataste, 1887 (Ophidia: Elapidae: Bungarinae) in Turkey". ''Russian Journal of Herpetology'' '''8''': 239–245.</ref> === Legaetlhago === Mefuta eno ya ditshedi e nna mo sekakeng (ntle le dikaka tsa motlhaba gotlhelele jaaka Sekaka sa ad-Dahna). Gape di ka fitlhelwa mo mafelong a a nang le sekaka le mo mafelong a a nang le matlapa, a atologelang kwa tlase ga dithaba tsa lefelo le le nang le dimela la Mediterranean. Gape di fitlhelwa gaufi le mafelo a batho ba nnang mo go one mo mo mafelong a temothuo a a nosetswang.<ref name=":2" /> == Ditshupiso == <references /> <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} qfws9ieuam0rp7tbpy8gciwy836sp03 0 15169 55240 2026-09-22T09:19:53Z VNGao 10152 Created page with "Michelle Carla Cliff (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e tlhola gabed,(ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borataro mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le borataro) ene ele mme wa mokwadi wa letso la Jamaica -Amerika yoo tiro ya gagwe e akaretsang i(2 November 1946 – 12 June 2016) Abeng (1985), No Telephone to Heaven (1987), le Free Enterprise (1993)." 55240 wikitext text/x-wiki Michelle Carla Cliff (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e tlhola gabed,(ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borataro mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le borataro) ene ele mme wa mokwadi wa letso la Jamaica -Amerika yoo tiro ya gagwe e akaretsang i(2 November 1946 – 12 June 2016) Abeng (1985), No Telephone to Heaven (1987), le Free Enterprise (1993). rmkukwrey7qimg5fed3jmofvq7yjplr 55241 55240 2026-09-22T09:37:33Z VNGao 10152 55241 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michelle Carla Cliff''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e tlhola gabed,(ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borataro mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le borataro) ene ele mme wa mokwadi wa letso la Jamaica -Amerika yoo tiro ya gagwe e akaretsang Abeng (sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le botlhano,(1985), No Telephone to Heaven (sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bosupa,(1987), le Free Enterprise (sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro,(1993). 9654i5b265nfwq1rjjt6ecs3m4q9j62 55244 55241 2026-09-22T09:48:34Z VNGao 10152 55244 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Michelle_Cliff|Michelle Carla Cliff]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e tlhola gabed,(ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borataro mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le borataro) ene ele mme wa mokwadi wa letso la [[:en:Jamaican_Americans|Jamaica -Amerika]] yoo tiro ya gagwe e akaretsang [[:en:Abeng_(novel)|''Abeng'']] (sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le botlhano,(1985), [[:en:No_Telephone_to_Heaven|''No Telephone to Heaven'']] (sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bosupa,(1987), le Free Enterprise (sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro,(1993). c86mmjj77dakvtg2npj91lqki4z3q3h 55245 55244 2026-09-22T10:00:51Z VNGao 10152 55245 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Michelle_Cliff|Michelle Carla Cliff]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e tlhola gabed,(ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borataro mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le borataro) ene ele mme wa mokwadi wa letso la [[:en:Jamaican_Americans|Jamaica -Amerika]] yoo tiro ya gagwe e akaretsang [[:en:Abeng_(novel)|''Abeng'']] (sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le botlhano,(1985), [[:en:No_Telephone_to_Heaven|''No Telephone to Heaven'']] (sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bosupa,(1987), le Free Enterprise (sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro,(1993). Mo godimo ga go kwala dibuka ,Cliff gape one a kwala di temana khutshwe, maboko aa kwadilweng jaaka polelo, le go kgala kana go rotloetsa mo go baleng. Tiro ya gagwe ene e ganeletse mo go ribololeng mathata kana matshenyego aa tsamaisanang le goikitse ga batho moo go bakilweng ke nako ya mmuso wa pele wa tlhaolele, letso le kopakopano ya bong. ldv4f9oiogvvr17x1lgmgkmpvf3469q 0 15170 55242 2026-09-22T09:38:03Z Sgadle 12480 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372918406|Osteoderm]]" 55242 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Di-osteoderm''' ke diteng tse di nang le marapo tse di bopang dikgapetla, dipoleiti, kgotsa dipopego tse dingwe tse di mo letlalong . Diosteoderm di fitlhelwa mo ditlhopheng di le dintsi tsa digagabi le diphologolo tse di nnang mo metsing tse di leng teng le tse di sa tlholeng di le teng, go akaretsa le mekhantitswane, dikwena, digwagwa, ditemnospondyl ( ditshedi tse di nnang mo metsing tse di nyeletseng), ditlhopha tse di farologaneng tsa di-dinosaur ( bogolosegolo di-ankylosaur le di-stegosaur ), di -phytosaur, le di- placchitosaur, le (digagabi tsa lewatle tse di nang le dikamano tse di ka nnang teng tsa ichthyosaur ). Diosteoderm ga di a tlwaelega mo diphologolong tse di diamusi, le fa di tlhageletse mo di-xenarthran tse dintsi ( di-armadillos le di- glyptodont tse di sa tlholeng di le teng le di-mylodontid ground sloth ) . Diosteoderm tse di bokete, tse di nang le marapo di nnile teng ka go ikemela mo masikeng a le mantsi a a farologaneng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hill |first=R.V. |date=December 2006 |title=Comparative anatomy and histology of xenarthran osteoderms |journal=Journal of Morphology |volume=267 |issue=12 |pages=1441–1460 |doi=10.1002/jmor.10490 |pmid=17103396 |s2cid=22294139}}</ref> Go dumelwa gore osteoderm ya armadillo e gola mo dithishung tsa letlalo tse di ka fa tlase ga letlalo. <ref name="Nasoori-2020">{{Cite journal |last=Nasoori |first=Alireza |date=2020 |title=Formation, structure, and function of extra-skeletal bones in mammals |url=https://archive.org/details/formation-structure-and-function-of-extra-skeletal-bones-in-mammals |journal=Biological Reviews |volume=95 |issue=4 |pages=986–1019 |doi=10.1111/brv.12597 |pmid=32338826 |s2cid=216556342}}</ref> Dipopego tse di farologaneng tse di tshwanetse go tsewa jaaka ditshwano tsa mmele, e seng ditshwano, mme ga di supe monofili . Dipopego tseno, le fa go ntse jalo, di tswa mo di- scute, tse di tlwaelegileng mo mefuteng yotlhe ya di-amniote, mme ke sekao sa se se bidiwang homology e e tseneletseng . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vickaryous |first=M.K. |last2=Hall |first2=B.K. |date=April 2008 |title=Development of the dermal skeleton in ''Alligator mississippiensis'' (Archosauria, Crocodylia) with comments on the homology of osteoderms |journal=Journal of Morphology |volume=269 |issue=4 |pages=398–422 |doi=10.1002/jmor.10575 |pmid=17960802 |s2cid=5927674 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mo mabakeng a le mantsi, di-osteoderm di ka dira jaaka diaparo tsa tshireletso . Di-osteoderm di bopilwe ka [[Lerapo|ditogwa tsa marapo]], mme di tswa mo palong ya disele tsa scleroblast neural crest ka nako ya fa setshedi se ntse se gola. Palo ya disele tsa tlhogo ya methapo ya scleroblastic e na le dipharologantsho tse di tshwanang tse di amanang le letlalo . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vickaryous |first=Matthew K. |last2=Sire |first2=Jean-Yves |date=2009-04-01 |title=The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development |journal=Journal of Anatomy |language=en |volume=214 |issue=4 |pages=441–464 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01043.x |issn=1469-7580 |pmc=2736118 |pmid=19422424}}</ref> Disele tsa tlhogo ya ditshika, ka phetogo ya epithelial go ya go mesenchymal, go akanngwa gore di na le seabe mo go goleng ga osteoderm . <ref name="Nasoori-2020" /> Matlalo a dikwena tsa segompieno a na le ditshika tse dintsi tsa madi, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clarac |first=F. |last2=Buffrénil |first2=V |last3=Cubo |first3=J |last4=Quilhac |first4=A |date=2018 |title=Vascularization in ornamented osteoderms: Physiological implications in ectothermy and amphibious lifestyle in the crocodylomorphs? |journal=Anatomical Record |language=en |volume=301 |issue=1 |pages=175–183 |doi=10.1002/ar.23695 |pmid=29024422 |doi-access=free}}</ref> mme di ka dira jaaka diaparo tsa ntwa le go fitlha mogote, <ref name="Cl19">{{Cite journal |last=Clarac |first=F. |last2=Quilhac |first2=A. |year=2019 |title=The crocodylian skull and osteoderms: A functional exaptation to ectothermy? |url=https://hal-mnhn.archives-ouvertes.fr/mnhn-02557596/file/S0944200618300795.pdf |journal=Zoology |volume=132 |pages=31–40 |doi=10.1016/j.zool.2018.12.001 |pmid=30736927 |s2cid=73427451}}</ref> seno se di letlang go tlhatlosa kgotsa go fokotsa themperetšha ya tsone ka bonako. Tiro e nngwe ke thibela acidosis, e e bakiwang ke go nna ka fa tlase ga metsi ka lobaka lo lo leele mme e felela ka go kokoanngwa ga khabonetaeokosaete mo mading . <ref name="Ja03">{{Cite journal |last=Jackson |first=DC. |last2=Andrade |first2=D. |last3=Abe |first3=AS. |year=2003 |title=Lactate sequestration by osteoderms of the broad-nose caiman, ''Caiman latirostris'', following capture and forced submergence |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=206 |issue=Pt 20 |pages=3601–3606 |doi=10.1242/jeb.00611 |pmid=12966051 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Calcium le magnesium tse di mo lerapo la letlalo di tla golola di-ion tsa alkaline mo mading, di dira jaaka sethibela-mafura kgatlhanong le go nna asiti ga diedi tsa mmele. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-24 |title=Antacid armour key to tetrapod survival |url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2012/04/25/3488040.htm |access-date=6 March 2017 |website=ABC Science}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist|30em}} 705lr5tzddx7949upzfnfs1o61sek7t 0 15171 55246 2026-09-22T10:18:11Z Ngwanana 12523 Created page with "DIKOLOI [[Setshwantsho:Sava Pegaso 217.jpg|thumb|359x359px|Dikoloi]] '''Dikoloi''' di le dintse di farologane.Re na le dillori dibese dibene dikoloi tsa malapa tse di tlwaelegileng thata gape re na le dikoloi tsa metshameko.Dikoloi tseno tsotlhe di na le maikaelelo a tsone le tiro e di e dirang. Dillori tse kgolo di sebediswa haholo bakeng sa ho tlisa di tsamaisa dijo fanitšhara ya saense ditena metsi di sebediswa bakeng sa dintho tse ngata dibese ke mokgwa o tlwaele..." 55246 wikitext text/x-wiki DIKOLOI [[Setshwantsho:Sava Pegaso 217.jpg|thumb|359x359px|Dikoloi]] '''Dikoloi''' di le dintse di farologane.Re na le dillori dibese dibene dikoloi tsa malapa tse di tlwaelegileng thata gape re na le dikoloi tsa metshameko.Dikoloi tseno tsotlhe di na le maikaelelo a tsone le tiro e di e dirang. Dillori tse kgolo di sebediswa haholo bakeng sa ho tlisa di tsamaisa dijo fanitšhara ya saense ditena metsi di sebediswa bakeng sa dintho tse ngata dibese ke mokgwa o tlwaelehileng wa dipalangwa tse tsayang batho ho tloha sebakeng se seng ho ya ho se seng dikoloi tsa lelapa di sebediswa haholo ke baahi ba nang le malapa a maholo,ka ha mofuta ona wa dikoloi o le convinient haholo.Re na le dikoloi tsa metshameko tse di dirisiwang mo mabelong tse di dirisediwang go taboga mo lebaleng la mabelo. MESOLA YA GO NNA LE KOLOI Koloi e tla go isa kwa lefelong le lengwe go ya kwa go le lengwe mme e go bolokele nako. Dikoloi di dira gore botshelo bo nne botlhofo thata o fitlha kwa mafelong ka nako.Ka nako ya maemo a bosa a a sa nnang sentle o goroga ka tlhamalalo go tswa kwa legaeng la gago. GO TLHOKA MESOLA YA GO NNA LE KOLOI go boloka koloi go ja madi o tlhoka madi go e tsaya go dira ditirelo o tlhoka dilwana tsa go phepafatsa koloi o tlhoka madi a peterolo mme mo ikonoming e e nang le ditlhwatlhwa tsa infoleišene ka metlha di ya kwa godimo le kwa tlase o tlile go dirisa madi mo peterolo. == DITSHUPISO == # https://auto.howstuffworks.com/types-of-cars.htm [[Karolo:Petrol]] [[Karolo:Model]] 82m6x297dx01kau482jwho1vivs1clf 0 15172 55247 2026-09-22T10:19:00Z JudithShe 9421 Ke simolotse thanolo ya tsebe ya ga Billie Zangewa #BLT2026 55247 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Billie Zangewa''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro kwa Blantyre, [[Malawi]]) ke motaki wa kwa Malawi o o rokang matsela a siliki go dira dilwana tse di segilweng ka matsela a a farologaneng, o gompieno a nnang kwa [[Johannesburg]]. Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, botaki jwa gagwe bo akareditswe mo ditshupong tsa mafatshefatshe di akaretsa Paris Art Fair kwa Grand Palais kwa Paris.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170420055547/http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?id=956&lang=fr "Biographie de Billie Zangewa".] ''African Success'' (in French). 5 May 2011. Archived from [https://mufasatotoamanah.com/visuFiche.php?id=956&lang=fr the original] on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2026</ref> Tiro ya ga Zangewa e bua ka botshelo jwa gagwe ebile e itebagantse le go buelela ditshwanelo tsa bomme ba mmala o montsho le go bereka mo gae ga malatsi otlhe le go nna mme.<ref>Luke, Ben (17 November 2021). [https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2021/11/17/a-brush-with-billie-zangewa "A brush with... Billie Zangewa"]. ''The Art Newspaper''. Retrieved 22 September 2026</ref> O bitsa se go nna mme malatsi otlhe. Mokgwa wa gagwe wa botaki o supa go gana go gatelelwa ga motaki mo a go itemogelang mo go ipheng lorato. == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == O tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro kwa Blantyre, Malawi, a aloga ka Bachelors of Fine Arts go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa Rhodes University, kwa Aforika Borwa morago ga go ithuta ka botaki jwa go gatisa. Mmaagwe o ne a bereka mo mohameng wa matsela a roka gape a kgabisa. Fa a santse a le ngwana o ne a itemogela kutlwano ya ga mmagwe le basadi ba bangwe fa ba roka, ga mmogo le ba dira ditiro tse dingwe tsa mo lwapeng mmogo, mo go neng go rotloetsa setlhogo sa go nna mme mo tirong ya gagwe.<ref name=":2">Okoro, Enuma (26 June 2020). [https://www.thecut.com/2020/06/artist-profile-billie-zangewa.html "The Textile Artist Who's Always Known How to Care for Herself".] ''The Cut''. Retrieved 22 September 2026</ref> Mo go ithuteng ga gagwe, o ne a lekeletsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya go supa maikutlo, mme morago a kgatlhegela go bereka ka siliki, ka ntlha ya kgatlhego ya gagwe mo letseleng, go nna motlhofo ga lone le go galalela. O ne a supa gore: "siliki e ntle thata ka go galalela ga yone mme gape ke akanya gore e kwa pele mo go tsa kapari".<ref name=":1" /> == Pereko == A bereka kwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]] ya [[Botswana]], morago a ya Johannesburg le Lontone, o ne a batla go ranola sesadi mo tikologong ya gagwe ya setoropo. O ne a bua ka kgatlhego ya gagwe mo go kapeng ditshwantsho ga kapari le mofuta wa teng, sekai, jaaka Ellen von Unwerth mo tirong ya gagwe. Tiro ya ga Zangewa ya pele ya go roka e ne e akaretsa go dira dibeke tsa dibata, a dirisa tse a di boneng kwa Johannesburg.<ref name=":3">McDermott, Emily (2018). [https://www.artbasel.com/stories/billie-zangewa-the-fierce-feminine-art-basel-miami-beach-2018 "Billie Zangewa – the fierce feminine".] ''Art Basel''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220706032927/https://www.artbasel.com/stories/billie-zangewa-the-fierce-feminine-art-basel-miami-beach-2018 Archived] from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2026</ref> Fa motaki a simolola go dira matsela a matona a a tlhakaneng a jaanong a itsegeng ka one, o ne a ikaegile thata ka tiriso ya mafoko, ditshwantsho ka thotloetso ya botaki jwa sesha, le dinako tse dingwe, mekgabisa, dibaga le mebete mo letseleng.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/friday/2014-08-06-the-creative-showcase-exploring-the-female-gaze-by-billie-zangewa/ "The Creative Showcase: Exploring the female gaze by Billie Zangewa".] ''The Mail & Guardian Online''. 6 August 2014. Retrieved 22 September 2026</ref><ref>Atak, Awut (19 November 2015). [https://trueafrica.co/article/artist-billie-zangewa-on-feminity-expressing-her-black-female-identity-and-being-a-mother-and-artist/ "Billie Zangewa on expressing her black femininity and being a mother and artist"]. ''TRUE Africa''. Retrieved 22 September 2026</ref> The Rebirth of Black Venus ya ga Zangewa ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome, e ne ya tshwaya go fetoga ga se motaki a tlwaetseng go se dirisa. Selwana se supa toropo Johannesburh, a fokoditswe go nna monnye fa a tshwantshangwa le setshwantsho sa ga Zangewa, o a lebegang a sa apara sepe kwa ntle ga letsela le a ikhaphileng ka lone. Tiro e tsile ka nako e Zangewa a neng a kgaogana le mokapelo o a neng a mmeeleditse, ka jalo e tshwaya maitlamo a a itiretseng, go ithata mo go ntseng go tlhagelela mo tirong ya gagwe fa e sale ka nako eo.<ref name=":2" /> == Didirisiwa == Billie Zangewa o bereka thata ka dibata tsa letsela la siliki le rokeletswe ka letsogo mo selwaneng, mo go supang sekao sa gagwe go bo go tlhatlhoba ditso le go sotliwa ga mebele ya basadi ba bantsho. Zangewa o ne a fetogela mo go rokeng dilwana tsa letsela ka go sa lope madi a mantsi ebile go le motlhofo go tsamaisiwa ka dikoloi,<ref name=":3" /><ref>Gipson, Ferren (2022). ''Women's work: from feminine arts to feminist art''. London: Frances Lincoln. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7112-6465-6|<bdi>978-0-7112-6465-6</bdi>.]]</ref> letsela le a le dirisang le ne la simolola go nna botlhokwa mo botaking jwa gagwe. Zangewa o bona botlhokwa mo mofuteng wa letsela mo go dirang gore tiro ya gwe e bonale e tshwana ebile e lemoga go direla o gae. == Metswedi == e3cekiq7b18rs9z6gkaria686ad1d6r 0 15173 55248 2026-09-22T10:20:32Z KatieKea 10150 ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e 55248 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pinnacle Point''' ke tlhogo e nnye e e kwa borwa jwa [[Mossel Bay]], e leng toropo e e mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa jwa Aforika Borwa. Dipatlisiso go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2000 tsa motseletsele wa magaga kwa Pinnacle Point, tse di lemogilweng la ntlha le go kwalwa ka 1997 ke baithutamarope ba seporofešenale ba Aforika Borwa, Jonathan Kaplan le Peter Nilssen, di senotse go nna ga batho ba [[Motlha wa Matlapa wa Bogare]] magareng ga dingwaga di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome a supa le dikete tse masome mane tse di fetileng. Tsepamisomogopolo ya dipatlisiso e nnile kwa Logageng lwa 13B (PP13B), kwa bosupi jwa ntlha jo bo sa tlhamalalang jwa tiriso e e rulagantsweng ya ditsompelo tsa lewatle (shellfish) le boitshwaro jwa tshwantshetso bo kwadilweng,<ref name=":1">Marean, Curtis W.; Bar-Matthews, Miryam; Bernatchez, Jocelyn; Fisher, Erich; Goldberg, Paul; Herries, Andy I.R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Jerardino, Antonieta; Karkanas, Panagiotis; Minichillo, Tom; Nilssen, Peter J.; Thompson, Erin; Watts, Ian; Williams, Hope M. (18 October 2007), [https://web.archive.org/web/20160820054551/https://www.mendeley.com/catalog/early-human-marine-resources-pigment-south-africa-during-middle-pleistocene-2/ "Early Human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene"], ''Nature'', '''449''' (7164): 905–908, [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Natur.449..905M 2007Natur.449..905M], [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/nature06204|10.1038/nature06204]], [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17943129 17943129], [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4387442 4387442], archived from [http://www.mendeley.com/catalog/early-human-marine-resources-pigment-south-africa-during-middle-pleistocene-2/ the original] on 20 August 2016, retrieved Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bobedi, 2026.</ref> le kwa Pinnacle Point Cave 5–6 (PP5–6), kwa bosupi jwa go fisa letlapa go dira didirisiwa tsa letlapa bo bonweng.<ref>Brown, Kyle S.; Marean, Curtis W.; Herries, Andy I.R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Tribolo, Chantal; Braun, David; Roberts, David L.; Meyer, Michael C.; Bernatchez, J. (14 August 2009), "Fire as an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans", ''Science'', '''325''' (5942): 859–862, [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Sci...325..859B 2009Sci...325..859B], [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1175028|10.1126/science.1175028]], [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11422/11102|11422/11102]], [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19679810 19679810], [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:43916405 43916405]</ref> Masalela a motho fela a a bonweng a ne a tswa mo dipeeletsong tse dinnye kwa PP13B tse e leng [[c.]] Dingwaga di le dikete tse lekgolo.<ref>Marean, Curtis W.; Nilssen, Peter J.; Brown, Kyle S.; Jerardino, Antonieta; Stynder, Deano (2 May 2004), [http://sacp4web.asu.edu/files/Marean%20et%20al%202004%20JP%20-%202000%20Excavations%20at%20Pinnacle%20Point,%20Mossel%20Bay.pdf "Paleoanthropological investigations of Middle Stone Age sites at Pinnacle Point, Mossel Bay (South Africa): Archaeology and hominid remains from the 2000 Field Season."] (PDF), ''PaleoAnthropology'', '''1''': 14–83, retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026</ref> Ka 2024, Lefelo la Pinnacle Point le ne la nna karolo ya [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la Mafelo a go nniwa ga Pleistocene a Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1723 "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa"]. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026.</ref> == Ditso tsa patlisiso == [[Setshwantsho:Pinnacle Point Archaeological Site, Mossel Bay South Africa.jpg|thumb|Dipatlisiso di tsweletse mo go nngwe ya Dikgaga tsa Pinnacle Point, 2011]] Morago ga temogo ya ntlha le go kwalwa ga mafelo ke Kaplan le Nilssen ka 1997, Nilssen go tswa kwa Musiamong wa Aforika Borwa wa Iziko o ne a itsise Curtis Marean mafelo ka 1999 morago ga moo ba ne ba kaela mmogo go epa dingwaga di le mmalwa. Diphitlhelelo kwa Pinnacle Point di dirilwe ke setlhopha sa boditšhabatšhaba, se se eteletsweng pele ke moithuta-dilo tsa bogologolo Curtis Marean go tswa kwa Setheong sa Tshimologo ya Batho sa Yunibesithi ya Naga ya Arizona mmogo le babatlisisi go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa (UCT le Musiamo wa Aforika Borwa wa Iziko), Australia (Lenaneo la Thutamarope, Yunibesithi ya La Trobe, UoW), Iseraele, Fora le Fora. Morago ga go ngangisana ka masomesome a dingwaga, baithuta-batho ba bogologolo jaanong ba dumalana gore go na le bosupi jo bo lekaneng jwa dijini le masaledi a dilo tse di epolotsweng go akantsha gore Homo sapiens e tlhageletse mo Aforika c. 200 000 – c. Dingwaga di le 160 000 tse di fetileng. Ka nako eo, lefatshe le ne le le mo motlheng wa aese, mme Afrika e ne e omile e bile e omile. Ka gonne mafelo a boepi jwa dilo tsa bogologolo a a simolotseng ka nako eo a sa bonwe thata mo Afrika, moithuta-dilo tsa bogologolo e bong Curtis Marean o ne a sekaseka dipopego tsa lefatshe, makhubu a lewatle le tshedimosetso ya tlelaemete go supa ka nepo mafelo a a ka tswang a ne a le teng; nngwe ya tsone e ne e le Ntlha ya Pinnacle. == Pinnacle Point 13B le ditlamorago tsa yone mo boitshwarong jwa segompieno == Kwa PP13B, bosupi jwa boitshwaro jwa tshwantshetso bo tla ka sebopego sa ochre e e gogilweng le e e sitsweng (e gantsi e bidiwang dipoere tse di rwalang limonite) tse di ka tswang di dirisitswe go bopa mmala wa go penta mmele. Se se tshwana le tiriso e e raraaneng ya ocher e e itsiweng go tswa kwa Logageng lwa Blombos go le kgakalanyana go ya kwa bophirima dingwaga di ka nna 70,000 tse di fetileng.<ref>Henshilwood, C.S.; d'Errico, F.; Yates, R.; Jacobs, Z.; Tribolo, C.; Duller, G.A.T.; Mercier, N.; Sealy, J.C.; Valladas, H.; Watts, I.; Wintle, A.G. (15 February 2002), "Emergence of modern human behavior : Middle Stone Age engravings from South Africa", ''Science'', '''295''' (5558): 1278–1280, [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Sci...295.1278H 2002Sci...295.1278H], [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1067575|10.1126/science.1067575]], [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11786608 11786608], [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31169551 31169551]</ref> Diphitlhelelo tse di ganetsana le kgopolo ya bogologolo ya gore maitsholo a segompieno a tlhagile fela dingwaga di le 40,000 tse di fetileng mme a fitlhelelwa ka "tlola e kgolo ya setso".<ref name=":1" /> Tlelaemete e e makgwakgwa le go fokotsega ga dijo e ka tswa e le lone lebaka la go bo batho ba ne ba fudugela kwa lotshitshing lwa lewatle kwa Pinnacle Point, kwa ba neng ba ka ja ditshedi tsa lewatle tse di jaaka shellfish, whale, le seal.<ref>Marean, Curtis W. (September–October 2010), [http://www.mendeley.com/catalog/pinnacle-point-cave-13b-western-cape-province-south-africa-context-cape-floral-kingdom-shellfish-modern-human-origins/ "Pinnacle Point Cave 13B (Western Cape Province, South Africa) in context: The Cape Floral kingdom, shellfish, and modern human origins"], ''Journal of Human Evolution'', '''59''' (3–4): 425–443, [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JHumE..59..425M 2010JHumE..59..425M], [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.011|10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.011]], [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20934095 20934095], retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026.</ref> Gape kwa PP13B go na le palo e e sa tlwaelegang ya di-phytolith tsa matlhare a setlhare sa dicotyledonous mo di-sediment tse di ka nnang dingwaga di le 90,000. Le fa phetolo ya di-phytolith e tlisa go sa tlhomamang ga diphitlhelelo tse, bontsi jwa di-phytolith tsa ditlhare fa bo bapisiwa le di-phytolith tsa bojang bo tshitshintswe go supa hisitori ya go fisiwa ga dikgong mo dibesong.<ref>Albert, Rosa (12 June 2012). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/gea.21413 "The Exploitation of Plant Resources by Early Homo sapiens: The Phytolith Record from Pinnacle Point 13B Cave, South Africa"]. ''Geoarchaeology''. '''27''' (4): 363–384. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Gearc..27..363A 2012Gearc..27..363A]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/gea.21413|10.1002/gea.21413]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129222853 129222853] &#x2013; via Wiley Online Library.</ref> == Lefelo la ngwaoboswa la kgaolo == Ka la bo 14 Sedimonthole 2012, bothati jwa ditsompelo tsa boswa jwa porofense jwa Heritage Western Cape bo itsisitse Pinnacle Point jaaka lefelo la boswa la porofense go ya ka Karolo 27 ya Molao wa Ditsompelo tsa Bosetšhaba tsa Boswa.[8] Seno se tlamela lefelo ka mofuta o o kwa godimo wa tshireletso ka fa tlase ga molao wa boswa jwa Aforika Borwa. Ka 2015, puso ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya romela tshitshinyo ya go tsenya logaga mo lenaaneng la Mafelo a Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe[ mme e beilwe mo lenaaneng la UNESCO la mafelo a nakwana jaaka ‘tlhopho ya tatelano’ e e ka nnang teng mo isagong mmogo le Logaga lwa Blombos, Logaga lwa Sibudu, Logaga lwa Noka ya Klasies, Logaga lwa Border Rocklo]. Mafelo a mararo a ne a bona Maemo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe ka 2024.[10] == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a lefatshe mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Ditsompelo tsa boswa mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Dikgaga mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Motlha wa bogare wa matlapa]] lql1kxuh2m4pi8st4vpeptp4cvx5og6 55251 55248 2026-09-22T10:56:12Z KatieKea 10150 /* Ditso tsa patlisiso */ ke ranotse karolo e le go tsenya metswedi 55251 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pinnacle Point''' ke tlhogo e nnye e e kwa borwa jwa [[Mossel Bay]], e leng toropo e e mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa jwa Aforika Borwa. Dipatlisiso go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2000 tsa motseletsele wa magaga kwa Pinnacle Point, tse di lemogilweng la ntlha le go kwalwa ka 1997 ke baithutamarope ba seporofešenale ba Aforika Borwa, Jonathan Kaplan le Peter Nilssen, di senotse go nna ga batho ba [[Motlha wa Matlapa wa Bogare]] magareng ga dingwaga di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome a supa le dikete tse masome mane tse di fetileng. Tsepamisomogopolo ya dipatlisiso e nnile kwa Logageng lwa 13B (PP13B), kwa bosupi jwa ntlha jo bo sa tlhamalalang jwa tiriso e e rulagantsweng ya ditsompelo tsa lewatle (shellfish) le boitshwaro jwa tshwantshetso bo kwadilweng,<ref name=":1">Marean, Curtis W.; Bar-Matthews, Miryam; Bernatchez, Jocelyn; Fisher, Erich; Goldberg, Paul; Herries, Andy I.R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Jerardino, Antonieta; Karkanas, Panagiotis; Minichillo, Tom; Nilssen, Peter J.; Thompson, Erin; Watts, Ian; Williams, Hope M. (18 October 2007), [https://web.archive.org/web/20160820054551/https://www.mendeley.com/catalog/early-human-marine-resources-pigment-south-africa-during-middle-pleistocene-2/ "Early Human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene"], ''Nature'', '''449''' (7164): 905–908, [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Natur.449..905M 2007Natur.449..905M], [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/nature06204|10.1038/nature06204]], [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17943129 17943129], [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4387442 4387442], archived from [http://www.mendeley.com/catalog/early-human-marine-resources-pigment-south-africa-during-middle-pleistocene-2/ the original] on 20 August 2016, retrieved Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bobedi, 2026.</ref> le kwa Pinnacle Point Cave 5–6 (PP5–6), kwa bosupi jwa go fisa letlapa go dira didirisiwa tsa letlapa bo bonweng.<ref>Brown, Kyle S.; Marean, Curtis W.; Herries, Andy I.R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Tribolo, Chantal; Braun, David; Roberts, David L.; Meyer, Michael C.; Bernatchez, J. (14 August 2009), "Fire as an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans", ''Science'', '''325''' (5942): 859–862, [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Sci...325..859B 2009Sci...325..859B], [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1175028|10.1126/science.1175028]], [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11422/11102|11422/11102]], [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19679810 19679810], [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:43916405 43916405]</ref> Masalela a motho fela a a bonweng a ne a tswa mo dipeeletsong tse dinnye kwa PP13B tse e leng [[c.]] Dingwaga di le dikete tse lekgolo.<ref>Marean, Curtis W.; Nilssen, Peter J.; Brown, Kyle S.; Jerardino, Antonieta; Stynder, Deano (2 May 2004), [http://sacp4web.asu.edu/files/Marean%20et%20al%202004%20JP%20-%202000%20Excavations%20at%20Pinnacle%20Point,%20Mossel%20Bay.pdf "Paleoanthropological investigations of Middle Stone Age sites at Pinnacle Point, Mossel Bay (South Africa): Archaeology and hominid remains from the 2000 Field Season."] (PDF), ''PaleoAnthropology'', '''1''': 14–83, retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026</ref> Ka 2024, Lefelo la Pinnacle Point le ne la nna karolo ya [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la Mafelo a go nniwa ga Pleistocene a Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1723 "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa"]. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026.</ref> == Ditso tsa patlisiso == [[Setshwantsho:Pinnacle Point Archaeological Site, Mossel Bay South Africa.jpg|thumb|Dipatlisiso di tsweletse mo go nngwe ya Dikgaga tsa Pinnacle Point, 2011]] Morago ga temogo ya ntlha le go kwalwa ga mafelo ke Kaplan le Nilssen ka 1997, Nilssen go tswa kwa [[Motlobong wa Aforika Borwa wa Iziko]] o ne a itsise Curtis Marean mafelo ka 1999 morago ga moo ba ne ba kaela mmogo go epa dingwaga di le mmalwa. Diphitlhelelo kwa Pinnacle Point di dirilwe ke setlhopha sa boditšhabatšhaba, se se eteletsweng pele ke moithuta-dilo tsa bogologolo [[Curtis Marean]] go tswa kwa [[Setheong sa Tshimologo ya Batho]] sa [[Yunibesithi ya Arizona State]] mmogo le babatlisisi go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa [[University of Cape Town|(UCT]] le [[Motlobo wa Ditso wa Aforika Borwa wa Iziko]]), Australia (Lenaneo la Thutamarope, Yunibesithi ya La Trobe, [[UoW]]), Iseraele, le Fora. Morago ga go ngangisana ka masomesome a dingwaga, baithuta-batho ba bogologolo jaanong ba dumalana gore go na le bosupi jo bo lekaneng jwa lesika le masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng go akantsha gore ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' e tlhageletse mo Aforika c. 200 000 – c. Dingwaga di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome a marataro tse di fetileng. Ka nako eo, lefatshe le ne le le mo [[Motlha wa kgatselo|motlheng wa go gatsela]], mme Aforika e ne e omile e bile e kwakwaletse. Ka gonne mafelo a boepi jwa dilo tsa bogologolo a a simolotseng ka nako eo a sa bonwe thata mo Aforika, moithuta-dilo tsa bogologolo e bong Curtis Marean o ne a sekaseka [[dipopego tsa lefatshe]], [[makhubu a lewatle]] le tshedimosetso ya [[seemo sa loapi]] go supa ka nepo ya mafelo a a ka tswang a ne a le teng; nngwe ya tsone e ne e le Pinnacle Point. == Pinnacle Point 13B le ditlamorago tsa yone mo boitshwarong jwa segompieno == Kwa PP13B, bosupi jwa boitshwaro jwa tshwantshetso bo tla ka sebopego sa [[ochre]] e e gogilweng le e e sitsweng (e gantsi e bidiwang dipoere tse di rwalang limonite) tse di ka tswang di dirisitswe go bopa [[mmala]] wa go penta mmele. Se se tshwana le tiriso e e raraaneng ya ochre e e itsiweng go tswa kwa [[Logaga lwa Blombos|Logageng lwa Blombos]] go le kgakalanyana go ya kwa bophirima dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a supa tse di fetileng.<ref>Henshilwood, C.S.; d'Errico, F.; Yates, R.; Jacobs, Z.; Tribolo, C.; Duller, G.A.T.; Mercier, N.; Sealy, J.C.; Valladas, H.; Watts, I.; Wintle, A.G. (15 February 2002), "Emergence of modern human behavior : Middle Stone Age engravings from South Africa", ''Science'', '''295''' (5558): 1278–1280, [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Sci...295.1278H 2002Sci...295.1278H], [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1067575|10.1126/science.1067575]], [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11786608 11786608], [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31169551 31169551]</ref> Diphitlhelelo tse di ganetsana le kgopolo ya bogologolo ya gore [[maitsholo a segompieno]] a tlhagile fela dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mane tse di fetileng mme a fitlhelelwa ka "tlola e kgolo ya setso".<ref name=":1" /> Seemo sa loapi se se makgwakgwa le go fokotsega ga dijo e ka tswa e le lone lebaka la go bo batho ba ne ba fudugela kwa lotshitshing lwa lewatle kwa Pinnacle Point, kwa ba neng ba ka ja ditshedi tsa lewatle jaaka shellfish, whale, le seal.<ref>Marean, Curtis W. (September–October 2010), [http://www.mendeley.com/catalog/pinnacle-point-cave-13b-western-cape-province-south-africa-context-cape-floral-kingdom-shellfish-modern-human-origins/ "Pinnacle Point Cave 13B (Western Cape Province, South Africa) in context: The Cape Floral kingdom, shellfish, and modern human origins"], ''Journal of Human Evolution'', '''59''' (3–4): 425–443, [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JHumE..59..425M 2010JHumE..59..425M], [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.011|10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.011]], [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20934095 20934095], retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026.</ref> Gape kwa PP13B go na le palo e e sa tlwaelesegang ya di-phytolith tsa matlhare a setlhare sa dicotyledonous mo di-sediment tse di ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a ferabongwe. Le fa phetolo ya di-phytolith e tlisa go sa tlhomamang ga diphitlhelelo tse, bontsi jwa di-phytolith tsa ditlhare fa bo bapisiwa le di-phytolith tsa bojang bo akanyediwa go supa ditso tsa go fisiwa ga dikgong mo dibesong.<ref>Albert, Rosa (12 June 2012). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/gea.21413 "The Exploitation of Plant Resources by Early Homo sapiens: The Phytolith Record from Pinnacle Point 13B Cave, South Africa"]. ''Geoarchaeology''. '''27''' (4): 363–384. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Gearc..27..363A 2012Gearc..27..363A]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/gea.21413|10.1002/gea.21413]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129222853 129222853] &#x2013; via Wiley Online Library.</ref> == Lefelo la ngwaoboswa la kgaolo == Ka Sedimonthole a le malatsi a lesome le bone ka 2012, bothati jwa ditsompelo tsa boswa jwa kgaolo jwa [[Heritage Western Cape]] bo itsisitse Pinnacle Point jaaka lefelo la boswa la kgaolo go ya ka Karolo 27 ya Molao wa Ditsompelo tsa Bosetšhaba tsa Boswa.<ref>[http://www.greengazette.co.za/documents/provincial-gazette-for-western-cape-7075-of-14-december-2012_20121214-WCP-07075 "Provincial Notice 70/2012"], ''Province of the Western Cape Provincial Gazette'' (7075), Cape Town: 2672, 14 December 2012</ref> Seno se tlamela lefelo ka mofuta o o kwa godimo wa tshireletso ka fa tlase ga molao wa boswa jwa Aforika Borwa. Ka 2015, puso ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya romela kakanyetso ya go tsenya logaga mo lenaaneng la [[Mafelo a Ngwao ya Lefatshe]] mme e beilwe mo lenaaneng la UNESCO la mafelo a nakwana jaaka ‘tlhopho ya tatelano’ e e ka nnang teng mo isagong mmogo le [[Logaga lwa Blombos]], [[Logaga la Sibudu|Logaga lwa Sibudu]], [[Dikgaga tsa Klasies River|Logaga lwa Noka ya Klasies,]] [[Border Cave]], le [[Diepkloof Rock Shelter]].<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6050 "The Emergence of Modern Humans: The Pleistocene occupation sites of South Africa"]. ''UNESCO''. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026.</ref> Mafelo a mararo a ne a bona Maemo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe ka 2024.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1723 "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa"]. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a lefatshe mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Ditsompelo tsa boswa mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Dikgaga mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Motlha wa bogare wa matlapa]] qycxclan0eqxyyhqz6pheei7kxn1vt2 0 15174 55249 2026-09-22T10:36:24Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357537081|Lillie Mae Bradford]]" 55249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lillie Mae Bradford''' ( O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola gangwe, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le lesome le bone, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa) <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2017 |title=Lillie Mae Bradford |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/montgomeryadvertiser/obituary.aspx?n=lillie-mae-bradford&pid=184546270&fhid=5661 |access-date=23 March 2017 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> e ne e le molwela- ditshwanelo tsa banni wa Moamerika, dingwaga di le nne pele ga tiro e e neng ya itsege thata ya ga Rosa Parks, a neng a dira tiro ya go sa utlwe mo motseng mo beseng ya kwa Montgomery, kwa Alabama, e a neng a tshwarwa ka ntlha ya yone, a lebisiwa molato wa gore o tshwenya batho <ref>{{Cite book |year=2008 |title=Social Justice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqTZAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Open University Press |isbn=9780335229307 |editor-last=Newman |editor-first=Janet |page=9 |editor-last2=Yates |editor-first2=Nicola}}</ref> == Go tshwarwa ga ga Bradford, ka 1951 == Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le bongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bongwe (1951)Bradford o ne a bona gore mokgweetsi wa bese o ne a mo neetse tekete e e seng yone, e go bonalang e ne e le "phoso e e jang madi a mantsi e bile e direga gantsi fa e le gore tota e ne e le phoso". Bradford o ne a kopa gore a duelelwe tlhwatlhwa e e tshwanetseng, mme fa a sena go bolelelwa gabedi gore a boele kwa morago ga bese, o ne a nna kwa pele<ref name="fighter">{{Cite news|url=http://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/local/alabama/2017/03/22/funeral-held-lillie-mae-bradford/99502822/|title='She was a fighter': Lillie Mae Bradford honored at service|newspaper=[[Montgomery Advertiser]]|first=Andrew J.|last=Yawn|date=22 March 2017|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref><blockquote>Mosadi yono wa dingwaga tse masome mabeddi o ne a ya gae a tswa tirong ya gagwe ya go tlhokomela bana ba batho basweu ba bana le bogole. O ne a duetse gore a palame bese e nngwe, mme jaaka go ne go tle go direge, mokgweetsi o ne a iteile bese mo lefelong le le sa siamang. Fa a ka bo a sa dira sepe ka gone o ka bo a ile a feleletsa a duelela phoso eo. "Ke ne ke akanya gore fa nka sa eme ka dinao ka simolola go buelela ditshwanelo tsa me, ga nkitla ke tsamaya ke dira jalo. Go ne go tlhabisa ditlhong. Go ne go sena seriti," Mme Bradford a rialo. "Go ne go sa letlelelwa go tlhatlogela kwa pele ga bese mme ke ne ka tlhatlogela koo mme ka mmolelela gore thekethe ya me e ne e sa kwalwa sentle. O ne a re: 'Nigger, ya kwa morago ga bese' mme ka re: 'Ke tla dira jalo, fela fa o ka mpha phetisetso e e siameng kgotsa wa mpusetsa madi a me.' Mme ka nna mo letlhakoreng la batho ba basweu". <ref name="borger">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/apr/04/usa.julianborger|title=Civil rights heroes may get pardons|first=Julian|last=Borger|date=3 April 2006|accessdate=23 March 2017|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Mokgweetsi ga a ise a ko a baakanye karata ya punch mme Bradford ga a ise a ko a tswe mo setilong se se kwa pele. O ne a tshwarelwa go tlhoka thulaganyo, a kwadisiwa, a gatisiwa menwana mme a duelwa tuediso e e kwa tlase. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.wbhm.org/feature/2006/pardoning-rosa-parks/|title=Pardoning Rosa Parks|first=Stevee|last=Chiotakis|accessdate=23 March 2017|date=28 April 2006}}</ref></blockquote>O ne a tshwarwa ke mapodisi ka ntlha ya go tlhoka thulaganyo go fitlha moagisane a mo ntsha ka beile. Go tshwarwa go ne ga mo sala morago botshelo jotlhe jwa gagwe; a re go mo kgoreleditse makgetlo a le mmalwa go bona ditiro tse a neng a di kopa. <ref name="fighter" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), o ne a akgela jaana, " Go ne go nna go na le lebokoso le le neng le re: A o na le rekoto ya gotlhoka kutlo?' o ne a gakologelwa gore " Ke ne ka ya go batla tiro <ref name="borger" /> ya go nna mokwaledi wa puso, mme ke ne ke tla falola ditlhatlhobo, mme ke ne ke se kitla ke bona tiro eo. Ke ka nako eo ke neng ka hetsa mogopolo ka gore e ne e le ka gonne ke ne ke na le rekoto ya mapodise. == Ditlamorago: itshwarelo le Molao wa Rosa Parks == <blockquote>Ka kgwedi ya Morananag e tlhola ga raro , ngwaga wa dikete ste pedi le borataro, go ne go solofetswe gore Thad McClammy (Leloko la Democratic la Ntlo ya Baemedi ya Alabama) o tla ntsha tetla ya go itshwarela balweladitshanelo tsa batho semmuso fa pele ga Senate ya Alabama. Go ne ga nna le kganetso e e rileng mo go yone: bangwe ba balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba sa batle go itshwarelwa ka gonne, ba ne ba re, ga ba ise ba ko ba tlole molao gope. <ref name="borger" /> Molao wa Rosa Parks o ne wa fetisiwa ka kgwedi ya Moranang, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), mme wa letla balweladitshwanelo ba ba neng ba tshwerwe kgotsa maloko a malapa a bone go kopa maitshwarelo. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2006/04/28/rosa-parks-act-sets-stage-for-pardons/|title=Rosa Parks Act sets stage for pardons|date=28 April 2006|accessdate=23 March 2017|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007), fa molao o o tshwanang kwa Tennessee o ne o dira jalo ka lekgotlapeomolao, go tshwarwa ga ga Bradford go ne ga bidiwa gape: "Bradford, motlhokomedi wa sekolo yo o tlogetseng tiro, o itse gore go nna le rekoto ya gagwe e e phimotsweng jaanong ga go kitla go nna le ditlamorago dipe tsa nnete, mme o batla go dira kopo ya setlankana sa itshwarelo. Bradford o ne a re ' Go tla supa gore ke tshwerwe ke lwela ditshwanelo tsa me ' <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://legacy.decaturdaily.com/decaturdaily/news/070518/pardon.shtml|first=Lucas L.|last=Johnson II|title=South moving to pardon disobedience convictions|date=18 May 2007|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref></blockquote> == Botshelo le loso lwa moragonyana == Bradford o ne a nna kwa tikologong ya Ridgecrest kwa Montgomery le kgaitsadie e bong Helen, <ref name="borger" /> mme a tlhokafala a robetse <ref name="fighter" /> ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le lesome le bone, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa; <ref>{{Cite news|title=Funeral held for Lillie Mae Bradford|url=http://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/videos/news/local/2017/03/22/funeral-held-lillie-mae-bradford/99516044/|date=22 March 2017|accessdate=23 March 2017|newspaper=[[Montgomery Advertiser]]}}</ref> o ne a fitlhwa kwa Montgomery's Greenwood Serenity Memorial Gardens, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mabedi le bobedi . <ref name="fighter" /> O ne a tlhalosiwa e le "mmulatsela" wa Mokgatlho wa Ditshwanelo tsa Banni. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wsfa.com/story/34966420/pioneer-of-the-civil-rights-movement-passes-away|first=Sally|last=Pitts|title=Pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement passes away|date=21 March 2017|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] f9ofxusr6vayoeq3wr78ctf7247uqy3 55250 55249 2026-09-22T10:43:57Z MmaBaggio 11091 55250 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lillie Mae Bradford''' ( O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola gangwe, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le lesome le bone, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa) <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2017 |title=Lillie Mae Bradford |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/montgomeryadvertiser/obituary.aspx?n=lillie-mae-bradford&pid=184546270&fhid=5661 |access-date=23 March 2017 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> e ne e le molwela- ditshwanelo tsa banni wa Moamerika, dingwaga di le nne pele ga tiro e e neng ya itsege thata ya ga [[:en:Rosa_Parks|Rosa Parks]], a neng a dira tiro ya go sa utlwe mo motseng mo beseng ya kw1q``a [[Montgomery]], kwa [[Alabama]], e a neng a tshwarwa ka ntlha ya yone, a lebisiwa molato wa gore o tshwenya batho <ref>{{Cite book |year=2008 |title=Social Justice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqTZAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Open University Press |isbn=9780335229307 |editor-last=Newman |editor-first=Janet |page=9 |editor-last2=Yates |editor-first2=Nicola}}</ref> {{Infobox person|name=Lillie Mae Bradford|image=Lillie_Mae_Bradford.png|alt=Lillie Mae Bradford|caption=Lillie Mae Bradford|birth_date={{Birth date|1928|10|1}}|birth_place=[[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]], [[Alabama]], United States|death_place=Montgomery, Alabama, United States|resting place=Montgomery's Greenwood Serenity Memorial Gardens|occupation=Molweladitshwanelo tsa Selegae}} == Go tshwarwa ga ga Bradford, ka 1951 == Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le bongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bongwe (1951)Bradford o ne a bona gore mokgweetsi wa bese o ne a mo neetse tekete e e seng yone, e go bonalang e ne e le "phoso e e jang madi a mantsi e bile e direga gantsi fa e le gore tota e ne e le phoso". Bradford o ne a kopa gore a duelelwe tlhwatlhwa e e tshwanetseng, mme fa a sena go bolelelwa gabedi gore a boele kwa morago ga bese, o ne a nna kwa pele<ref name="fighter">{{Cite news|url=http://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/local/alabama/2017/03/22/funeral-held-lillie-mae-bradford/99502822/|title='She was a fighter': Lillie Mae Bradford honored at service|newspaper=[[Montgomery Advertiser]]|first=Andrew J.|last=Yawn|date=22 March 2017|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref><blockquote>Mosadi yono wa dingwaga tse masome mabeddi o ne a ya gae a tswa tirong ya gagwe ya go tlhokomela bana ba batho basweu ba bana le bogole. O ne a duetse gore a palame bese e nngwe, mme jaaka go ne go tle go direge, mokgweetsi o ne a iteile bese mo lefelong le le sa siamang. Fa a ka bo a sa dira sepe ka gone o ka bo a ile a feleletsa a duelela phoso eo. "Ke ne ke akanya gore fa nka sa eme ka dinao ka simolola go buelela ditshwanelo tsa me, ga nkitla ke tsamaya ke dira jalo. Go ne go tlhabisa ditlhong. Go ne go sena seriti," Mme Bradford a rialo. "Go ne go sa letlelelwa go tlhatlogela kwa pele ga bese mme ke ne ka tlhatlogela koo mme ka mmolelela gore thekethe ya me e ne e sa kwalwa sentle. O ne a re: 'Nigger, ya kwa morago ga bese' mme ka re: 'Ke tla dira jalo, fela fa o ka mpha phetisetso e e siameng kgotsa wa mpusetsa madi a me.' Mme ka nna mo letlhakoreng la batho ba basweu". <ref name="borger">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/apr/04/usa.julianborger|title=Civil rights heroes may get pardons|first=Julian|last=Borger|date=3 April 2006|accessdate=23 March 2017|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Mokgweetsi ga a ise a ko a baakanye karata ya punch mme Bradford ga a ise a ko a tswe mo setilong se se kwa pele. O ne a tshwarelwa go tlhoka thulaganyo, a kwadisiwa, a gatisiwa menwana mme a duelwa tuediso e e kwa tlase. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.wbhm.org/feature/2006/pardoning-rosa-parks/|title=Pardoning Rosa Parks|first=Stevee|last=Chiotakis|accessdate=23 March 2017|date=28 April 2006}}</ref></blockquote>O ne a tshwarwa ke mapodisi ka ntlha ya go tlhoka thulaganyo go fitlha moagisane a mo ntsha ka beile. Go tshwarwa go ne ga mo sala morago botshelo jotlhe jwa gagwe; a re go mo kgoreleditse makgetlo a le mmalwa go bona ditiro tse a neng a di kopa. <ref name="fighter" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), o ne a akgela jaana, " Go ne go nna go na le lebokoso le le neng le re: A o na le rekoto ya gotlhoka kutlo?' o ne a gakologelwa gore " Ke ne ka ya go batla tiro <ref name="borger" /> ya go nna mokwaledi wa puso, mme ke ne ke tla falola ditlhatlhobo, mme ke ne ke se kitla ke bona tiro eo. Ke ka nako eo ke neng ka hetsa mogopolo ka gore e ne e le ka gonne ke ne ke na le rekoto ya mapodise. == Ditlamorago: itshwarelo le Molao wa Rosa Parks == <blockquote>Ka kgwedi ya Morananag e tlhola ga raro , ngwaga wa dikete ste pedi le borataro, go ne go solofetswe gore Thad McClammy (Leloko la Democratic la Ntlo ya Baemedi ya Alabama) o tla ntsha tetla ya go itshwarela balweladitshanelo tsa batho semmuso fa pele ga Senate ya Alabama. Go ne ga nna le kganetso e e rileng mo go yone: bangwe ba balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba sa batle go itshwarelwa ka gonne, ba ne ba re, ga ba ise ba ko ba tlole molao gope. <ref name="borger" /> Molao wa Rosa Parks o ne wa fetisiwa ka kgwedi ya Moranang, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), mme wa letla balweladitshwanelo ba ba neng ba tshwerwe kgotsa maloko a malapa a bone go kopa maitshwarelo. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2006/04/28/rosa-parks-act-sets-stage-for-pardons/|title=Rosa Parks Act sets stage for pardons|date=28 April 2006|accessdate=23 March 2017|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007), fa molao o o tshwanang kwa Tennessee o ne o dira jalo ka lekgotlapeomolao, go tshwarwa ga ga Bradford go ne ga bidiwa gape: "Bradford, motlhokomedi wa sekolo yo o tlogetseng tiro, o itse gore go nna le rekoto ya gagwe e e phimotsweng jaanong ga go kitla go nna le ditlamorago dipe tsa nnete, mme o batla go dira kopo ya setlankana sa itshwarelo. Bradford o ne a re ' Go tla supa gore ke tshwerwe ke lwela ditshwanelo tsa me ' <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://legacy.decaturdaily.com/decaturdaily/news/070518/pardon.shtml|first=Lucas L.|last=Johnson II|title=South moving to pardon disobedience convictions|date=18 May 2007|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref></blockquote> == Botshelo le loso lwa moragonyana == Bradford o ne a nna kwa tikologong ya Ridgecrest kwa Montgomery le kgaitsadie e bong Helen, <ref name="borger" /> mme a tlhokafala a robetse <ref name="fighter" /> ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le lesome le bone, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa; <ref>{{Cite news|title=Funeral held for Lillie Mae Bradford|url=http://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/videos/news/local/2017/03/22/funeral-held-lillie-mae-bradford/99516044/|date=22 March 2017|accessdate=23 March 2017|newspaper=[[Montgomery Advertiser]]}}</ref> o ne a fitlhwa kwa Montgomery's Greenwood Serenity Memorial Gardens, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mabedi le bobedi . <ref name="fighter" /> O ne a tlhalosiwa e le "mmulatsela" wa Mokgatlho wa Ditshwanelo tsa Banni. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wsfa.com/story/34966420/pioneer-of-the-civil-rights-movement-passes-away|first=Sally|last=Pitts|title=Pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement passes away|date=21 March 2017|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] e4srikqrlor0z2qymue8o3zmj7lg4kq 0 15175 55252 2026-09-22T11:20:28Z Reagoleboga 10854 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364464450|Bunny chow]]" 55252 wikitext text/x-wiki   Bunny chow, gantsi e bidiwa fela jaaka sphatlho, kota, ke sejo sa dijo tse di bofefo sa Maindia sa mo Aforika Borwa se se nang le lofo ya borotho jo bosweu e e tletseng ka kheri le go ja salate mo letlhakoreng. E simolotse gareng ga Maindia a Aforika Borwa a Durban. Go ralala merafe e e farologaneng ya Aforika Borwa, motho a ka bona ditlwaelo tsa setso tsa mofuta wa ntlha wa mmutla wa mmutla, o o dirisang fela kwatara ya borotho mme ka dinako tse dingwe o bidiwa skhambane, kota ("kota") kgotsa sphatlho, leina le e le abelanang le sphatlho, sejana sa Aforika Borwa se se tlhageletseng go tswa mo mmungwaneng wa mmutla. == Hisetori == Bunny chow e ne ya tlhamiwa kwa Durban, mo Aforika Borwa, e e nang le baagi ba le bantsi ba Baindia. Tshimologo ya dijo e a ganetsanwa, le fa gone go tlhamilwe ka dingwaga tsa bo1940. E ne ya rekisiwa gape kwa Gwelo, Rhodesia (e jaanong e leng Zimbabwe), ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe II mme e sa ntse e rekisiwa mo toropong e e gaufi ya Kadoma, e e neng e itsege pele e le Gatooma. Ditlhamane tsa kwa dijo tsa mmutla di simologileng teng di simologile ka nako ya fa badiri ba Baindia ba ba neng ba fudugetse mo Aforika Borwa ba ne ba goroga. Pego nngwe e akantsha gore badiri bano ba ba neng ba tla go bereka mo masimong a mmidi wa sukiri kwa KwaZulu-Natal (Port Natal) ba ne ba tshwanelwa ke go bereka diura tse dintsi ba sa ikhutse go le kalo. Ka nako ya go ikhutsa badiri ba ne ba simolola ka go baya dijo tsa bone mo matlhareng a magolo, mme e re ka seno se ne se tsaya nako e ntsi mme nako ya go ikhutsa e le khutshwane, badiri ba ne ba bona tsela ya go phutha dijo tsa bone ka bonako di sa tsidifale kgotsa di sa tseye nako e ntsi ya go ikhutsa, ke gone ka moo ba neng ba dira dijo tsa mmutla. Senkgwe se ba neng ba se dira se ne se segwa mo mogopong wa senkgwe o o sephaphathi o ba neng ba tsenya dijo tsa bone le merogo mo go one. Seno se ne se le mosola ka gore ba ne ba tla kgona go e isa kwa polaseng. Go ne ga tla dijo tse di neng di tsenngwa nama moragonyana. Go dirisa lofo ya borotho jo bosweu gape go ka dirwa ka ntlha ya go tlhoka borotho jwa setso jwa roti mmogo le popego ya jone e e bokoa; ka jalo lofo e e tlhwatlhwatlase, e e bonwang ka bontsi kwa mabenkeleng a selegae, e ka nna sejana se se botoka go na le sa kheri. == Puo e e tlholegang == [[File:Bunny_Chow_quarter_loaves_for_filling.jpg|left|thumb|187x187px|Tafole e e nang le "dinkgwe tsa dikwatara" tse di sephaphathi tse di tla tsenngwang dijo tsa mebutla.]] Kgang e nngwe e bolela gore resetšhurente ya Aforika Borwa e e tsamaisiwang ke Banias (setlhopha sa Maindia) e tlhodile sejana sa ntlha kwa resetšhurenteng-café, e e bidiwang Kapitan's, mo sekhutlong sa mebila ya Victoria le Albert kwa Durban. Kgang e nngwe e bolela fa tshimologo ya sejana se se tshwarwang ka letsogo e le ka ntlha ya gore bagwebi ba kolofo ba Maindia ba ne ba sa letlelelwa go tshola dijana tse di bogale jaaka dithipa ka nako ya tlhaolele. "Chow" mo Seesemaneng sa Afrika Borwa ke lefoko la puo ya selegae le le kayang "dijo" mmogo le lediri "go ja". Dijo tsa setso tsa kwa India e ne e le roti le dinawa, mme roti e ne e le selo se se neng se jewa ka nako ya dijo. Go rarabolola bothata jono, karolo e e fa gare ya lofo ya borotho jo bosweu e ne e kgaolwa e bo e tladiwa ka kheri, go tswa foo go tladiwa ka karolo e e kgaotsweng. Mofuta wa dijo tsa merogo wa sejo seno ka dinako tse dingwe o bidiwa "beans bunny". E nngwe, le fa e ka se kgonege, etymology e tswa mo go mondegreen ya "bun" le "achar" (dierekisi tsa India), le fa e le gore tse di latelang ga di akarediwe mo sejaneng (fa e se fela jaaka sejo se sengwe). == Dijo == [[File:Bunnychow.jpg|thumb|Quarter mutton bunny chow kwa Durban, South Africa]] Dijo tsa mmutla di ratiwa thata ke Baindia le ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa merafe mo lefelong la Durban. Di-Bunny Chow gantsi di tladiwa ka di-curry tse di dirwang ka diresepe tsa setso tsa kwa Durban: mutton kgotsa lamb curry, chicken curry, trotters le di-bean curry, le di-bean curry. Mefuta e mengwe e e fitlhelwang go ralala naga e e dirisang dijo tsa setso tsa Durban-Indian e akaretsa ditšhipisi tse di nang le sopo ya kheri, boroso e e gadikilweng, tšhisi, mae le polony. Tseno tsotlhe ke dijo tse di tlwaelegileng; dijo tsa ntlha tsa mmutla e ne e le tsa merogo. Dinku tsa mmutla gantsi di jewa mmogo le salate e e nang le dikherotse tse di gadikilweng, chili le salate ya eie. Gantsi di bidiwa disambal, tse di akaretsang ditamati tse di kgabetletsweng, dieie le dipepere tse di tala tse di tsentsweng asene e tshweu. Matlhakore a mangwe a tsenyeleditse di-pickle tsa India, jaaka mango pickle, lime kgotsa lemon pickle, dipickle tsa merogo le mefuta e mengwe ya setlha e e tsentsweng dipickle. Sengwe sa dilo tse di kgatlhang thata ka dijo tsa mmutla ke fa letswai le le tswang mo go tladiweng ka kheri le tsenelela mo leboteng la senkgwe. Ga se selo se se sa tlwaelegang go ja dijo tsa mmutla o le mongwe. Dinamune tse di jewang di tla ka dikwatara, halofo ya tsone le senkgwe se se tletseng. Fa o otara dijo tsa mmutla kwa Durban, puo ya selegae e laela gore o kope fela "karolo ya nama ya nku" (kgotsa tatso le bogolo jo o bo ratang); ka puo ya selegae, batho ba ka re, "A nka nna le mmutla wa karolo ya nama ya nku?" Dijo tsa mmutla gantsi di jewa ka menwana; ga go a tlwaelega go bona batho ba lefelo leno ba dirisa dijana fa ba ja dijo tseno. Ka tsela ya hisitori, dijo tsa mmutla di ne di phuthetswe mo pampiring ya dikgang ya letsatsi le le fetileng. Seno ga se sa tlhole se tlwaelegile, mme mebutla e e jewang e rekisiwa thata mo mabokosong a a bolokelang mogote le go thibela gore e se ka ya dutla. Dijo tsa mmutla di fitlhelwa mo diresetšhurenteng tse dinnye le tsa Maindia go ralala Afrika Borwa. Tlhwatlhwa e simolola ka R15 (US$1.01) ya kwatara ya dinawa tsa bunny kgotsa dhal, go ya go R50 (US$3.38) ya kwatara ya nama ya mutton, mme ka kakaretso motho a ka atisa tlhwatlhwa ya kwatara ka 3 kgotsa 4 go lekanyetsa tlhwatlhwa ya bunny e e feletseng. Dijo tse di jewang ke mebutla di siametse go ijesa monate le go ya kwa lotshitshing lwa lewatle. Ngwaga mongwe le mongwe, "Bunny Chow Barometer" e tshwarwa ka Lwetse mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa jwa Noka ya Umgeni, fela fa godimo ga Blue Lagoon (lefelo le le tumileng la pikiniki ya Sontaga go Maindia a Durban), go ngoka batsayakarolo ba le bantsi go tswa mo kgaolong ya Durban Metro go gaisana ka sereto sa modiri yo mogolo wa mmutla. 8] == Bona gape == == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Spatlho]] [[Karolo:Kota]] [[Karolo:Skhambane]] [[Karolo:Bunny chow]] 64scg4n010k9ykhn2gl1mjk3jmecjz6 55254 55252 2026-09-22T11:26:18Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 55254 wikitext text/x-wiki   == '''Sphatlho''' == Bunny chow, gantsi e bidiwa fela jaaka sphatlho, kota, ke sejo sa dijo tse di bofefo sa Maindia sa mo Aforika Borwa se se nang le lofo ya borotho jo bosweu e e tletseng ka kheri le go ja salate mo letlhakoreng. E simolotse gareng ga Maindia a Aforika Borwa a Durban.<ref>https://risingsunnewspapers.co.za/329600/bunny-chow-spice-and-heritage-take-centre-stage-at-hirschs-ballito/</ref> Go ralala merafe e e farologaneng ya Aforika Borwa, motho a ka bona ditlwaelo tsa setso tsa mofuta wa ntlha wa mmutla wa mmutla, o o dirisang fela kwatara ya borotho mme ka dinako tse dingwe o bidiwa skhambane, kota ("kota") kgotsa sphatlho, leina le e le abelanang le sphatlho, sejana sa Aforika Borwa se se tlhageletseng go tswa mo mmungwaneng wa mmutla.<ref name=":1">https://www.timeout.com/cape-town/news/i-went-in-search-of-cape-towns-best-bunny-chow-080826</ref> == Hisetori == Bunny chow e ne ya tlhamiwa kwa Durban, mo Aforika Borwa, e e nang le baagi ba le bantsi ba Baindia. Tshimologo ya dijo e a ganetsanwa, le fa gone go tlhamilwe ka dingwaga tsa bo1940. E ne ya rekisiwa gape kwa Gwelo, Rhodesia (e jaanong e leng Zimbabwe), ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe II mme e sa ntse e rekisiwa mo toropong e e gaufi ya Kadoma, e e neng e itsege pele e le Gatooma.<ref name=":2">https://novanews.co.za/midweek-meals-durban-bean-bunny-chow-the-ultimate-street-legend/</ref> Ditlhamane tsa kwa dijo tsa mmutla di simologileng teng di simologile ka nako ya fa badiri ba Baindia ba ba neng ba fudugetse mo Aforika Borwa ba ne ba goroga. Pego nngwe e akantsha gore badiri bano ba ba neng ba tla go bereka mo masimong a mmidi wa sukiri kwa KwaZulu-Natal (Port Natal) ba ne ba tshwanelwa ke go bereka diura tse dintsi ba sa ikhutse go le kalo. Ka nako ya go ikhutsa badiri ba ne ba simolola ka go baya dijo tsa bone mo matlhareng a magolo, mme e re ka seno se ne se tsaya nako e ntsi mme nako ya go ikhutsa e le khutshwane, badiri ba ne ba bona tsela ya go phutha dijo tsa bone ka bonako di sa tsidifale kgotsa di sa tseye nako e ntsi ya go ikhutsa, ke gone ka moo ba neng ba dira dijo tsa mmutla.<ref>https://www.sowetan.co.za/entertainment/2026-09-01-a-flavour-packed-cultural-celebration-win-tickets-to-the-soweto-kota-festival/</ref> Senkgwe se ba neng ba se dira se ne se segwa mo mogopong wa senkgwe o o sephaphathi o ba neng ba tsenya dijo tsa bone le merogo mo go one. Seno se ne se le mosola ka gore ba ne ba tla kgona go e isa kwa polaseng. Go ne ga tla dijo tse di neng di tsenngwa nama moragonyana. Go dirisa lofo ya borotho jo bosweu gape go ka dirwa ka ntlha ya go tlhoka borotho jwa setso jwa roti mmogo le popego ya jone e e bokoa; ka jalo lofo e e tlhwatlhwatlase, e e bonwang ka bontsi kwa mabenkeleng a selegae, e ka nna sejana se se botoka go na le sa kheri.<ref name=":3">https://smilefm.co.za/prepare-for-a-kota-invasion-this-weekend/</ref> == Puo e e tlholegang == [[File:Bunny_Chow_quarter_loaves_for_filling.jpg|left|thumb|187x187px|Tafole e e nang le "dinkgwe tsa dikwatara" tse di sephaphathi tse di tla tsenngwang dijo tsa mebutla.]] Kgang e nngwe e bolela gore resetšhurente ya Aforika Borwa e e tsamaisiwang ke Banias (setlhopha sa Maindia) e tlhodile sejana sa ntlha kwa resetšhurenteng-café, e e bidiwang Kapitan's, mo sekhutlong sa mebila ya Victoria le Albert kwa Durban. Kgang e nngwe e bolela fa tshimologo ya sejana se se tshwarwang ka letsogo e le ka ntlha ya gore bagwebi ba kolofo ba Maindia ba ne ba sa letlelelwa go tshola dijana tse di bogale jaaka dithipa ka nako ya tlhaolele. "Chow" mo Seesemaneng sa Afrika Borwa ke lefoko la puo ya selegae le le kayang "dijo" mmogo le lediri "go ja".<ref name=":4">https://www.timeout.com/johannesburg/news/soweto-kota-festival-082026</ref> Dijo tsa setso tsa kwa India e ne e le roti le dinawa, mme roti e ne e le selo se se neng se jewa ka nako ya dijo. Go rarabolola bothata jono, karolo e e fa gare ya lofo ya borotho jo bosweu e ne e kgaolwa e bo e tladiwa ka kheri, go tswa foo go tladiwa ka karolo e e kgaotsweng. Mofuta wa dijo tsa merogo wa sejo seno ka dinako tse dingwe o bidiwa "beans bunny". E nngwe, le fa e ka se kgonege, etymology e tswa mo go mondegreen ya "bun" le "achar" (dierekisi tsa India), le fa e le gore tse di latelang ga di akarediwe mo sejaneng (fa e se fela jaaka sejo se sengwe).<ref name=":1" /> == Dijo == [[File:Bunnychow.jpg|thumb|Quarter mutton bunny chow kwa Durban, South Africa]] Dijo tsa mmutla di ratiwa thata ke Baindia le ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa merafe mo lefelong la Durban. Di-Bunny Chow gantsi di tladiwa ka di-curry tse di dirwang ka diresepe tsa setso tsa kwa Durban: mutton kgotsa lamb curry, chicken curry, trotters le di-bean curry, le di-bean curry. Mefuta e mengwe e e fitlhelwang go ralala naga e e dirisang dijo tsa setso tsa Durban-Indian e akaretsa ditšhipisi tse di nang le sopo ya kheri, boroso e e gadikilweng, tšhisi, mae le polony. Tseno tsotlhe ke dijo tse di tlwaelegileng; dijo tsa ntlha tsa mmutla e ne e le tsa merogo.<ref name=":2" /> Dinku tsa mmutla gantsi di jewa mmogo le salate e e nang le dikherotse tse di gadikilweng, chili le salate ya eie. Gantsi di bidiwa disambal, tse di akaretsang ditamati tse di kgabetletsweng, dieie le dipepere tse di tala tse di tsentsweng asene e tshweu. Matlhakore a mangwe a tsenyeleditse di-pickle tsa India, jaaka mango pickle, lime kgotsa lemon pickle, dipickle tsa merogo le mefuta e mengwe ya setlha e e tsentsweng dipickle. Sengwe sa dilo tse di kgatlhang thata ka dijo tsa mmutla ke fa letswai le le tswang mo go tladiweng ka kheri le tsenelela mo leboteng la senkgwe. Ga se selo se se sa tlwaelegang go ja dijo tsa mmutla o le mongwe.<ref name=":3" /> Dinamune tse di jewang di tla ka dikwatara, halofo ya tsone le senkgwe se se tletseng. Fa o otara dijo tsa mmutla kwa Durban, puo ya selegae e laela gore o kope fela "karolo ya nama ya nku" (kgotsa tatso le bogolo jo o bo ratang); ka puo ya selegae, batho ba ka re, "A nka nna le mmutla wa karolo ya nama ya nku?" Dijo tsa mmutla gantsi di jewa ka menwana; ga go a tlwaelega go bona batho ba lefelo leno ba dirisa dijana fa ba ja dijo tseno. Ka tsela ya hisitori, dijo tsa mmutla di ne di phuthetswe mo pampiring ya dikgang ya letsatsi le le fetileng. Seno ga se sa tlhole se tlwaelegile, mme mebutla e e jewang e rekisiwa thata mo mabokosong a a bolokelang mogote le go thibela gore e se ka ya dutla.<ref name=":2" /> Dijo tsa mmutla di fitlhelwa mo diresetšhurenteng tse dinnye le tsa Maindia go ralala Afrika Borwa. Tlhwatlhwa e simolola ka R15 (US$1.01) ya kwatara ya dinawa tsa bunny kgotsa dhal, go ya go R50 (US$3.38) ya kwatara ya nama ya mutton, mme ka kakaretso motho a ka atisa tlhwatlhwa ya kwatara ka 3 kgotsa 4 go lekanyetsa tlhwatlhwa ya bunny e e feletseng. Dijo tse di jewang ke mebutla di siametse go ijesa monate le go ya kwa lotshitshing lwa lewatle.<ref name=":4" /> Ngwaga mongwe le mongwe, "Bunny Chow Barometer" e tshwarwa ka Lwetse mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa jwa Noka ya Umgeni, fela fa godimo ga Blue Lagoon (lefelo le le tumileng la pikiniki ya Sontaga go Maindia a Durban), go ngoka batsayakarolo ba le bantsi go tswa mo kgaolong ya Durban Metro go gaisana ka sereto sa modiri yo mogolo wa mmutla. == Bona gape == == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Spatlho]] [[Karolo:Kota]] [[Karolo:Skhambane]] [[Karolo:Bunny chow]] hr96nffsm436iggji2v6j00rz2x1gaz 0 15176 55253 2026-09-22T11:24:05Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e 55253 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Potgietersrus, South Africa - panoramio (3).jpg|thumb|Potgietersrus, Aforika Borwa]] '''Makapansgat''' ([[/mʌkʌˈpʌnsxʌt/]]) (kgotsa '''Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe''' la '''Mokgatšha wa Makapan''') ke lefelo la [[boepi jwa bogologolo]] mo gare ga Mekgatšha ya Makapansgat le Zwartkrans, kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa [[Mokopane]] kwa kgaolong ya [[Kgaolo ya Limpopo|Limpopo]], Aforika Borwa. Ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la dilo tsa bogologolo,<ref>C. Michael Hogan, Mark L. Cooke and Helen Murray, ''[http://www.luminatechnologies.org/lumaw.html The Waterberg Biosphere] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324191043/http://www.luminatechnologies.org/lumaw.html|date=24 March 2007}}'', Lumina Technologies, 22 May 2006.</ref> ka [[ditiro tsa kalaka]] tsa selegae tse di nang le dipeeletso tse di nang le ''[[Australopithecus]]'' tse di simololang dingwaga di le didikadike di le tharo le 2.6 [[BP]]. Mokgatšha otlhe wa Makapan o itsisitswe jaaka [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Aforika Borwa]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131112161254/http://www.sahra.org.za/node/19235 "9/2/257/0003 – Makapans Valley and Limeworks at Makapansgat, Potgietersrus District"]. [[:en:South_African_Heritage_Resources_Agency|South African Heritage Resources Agency]]. Archived from [http://www.sahra.org.za/node/19235 the original] on 12 November 2013. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bobedi, 2026.</ref> Makapansgat ke leloko la [[Mogope wa tlholego ya motho (Cradle of Humankind)|Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]]. == Mafelo a Mokgatšha wa Makapansgat == === Ditiro tsa kalaka tsa Makapansgat === [[Setshwantsho:Potgietersrus, South Africa - panoramio (15).jpg|left|thumb|Potgietersrus, South Africa]] Se ke sa bogologolo go gaisa mo mafelong a logaga mo mokgatšheng wa Makapansgat, se se nang le dingwaga tse di fetang dingwaga di le dimilione di le 4.0 go fitlha gongwe dingwaga di le dimilione di le 1.6 tse di fetileng. Lefelo le le ntshitse diketekete tse dintsi tsa marapo a masaledi, gareng ga ona go fitlhetswe masalela a setshedi se se tlhomologileng sa Australopithecus africanus. Difosele tsa A. africanus di tshitshinngwa go nna tsa dingwaga tse di fa gare ga dimilione di le 2.85 le 2.58 tse di fetileng go ikaegilwe ka thuto ya makenete ya bogologolo ka Andy Herries (Yunibesithi ya La Trobe, Australia).<ref>Herries, Andy I.R.; Hopley, Philip J.; Adams, Justin W.; Curnoe, Darren; Maslin, Mark A. (2010). "Letter to the editor: Geochronology and palaeoenvironments of Southern African hominin-bearing localities-A reply to Wrangham et al., 2009. "Shallow-water habitats as sources of fallback foods for hominins"". ''[[:en:American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology|American Journal of Physical Anthropology]]''. '''143''' (4): 640–646. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajpa.21389|10.1002/ajpa.21389]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9483 0002-9483]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20872806 20872806].</ref> Setsha seno se sa tswa go epiwa ke porojeke e e kopanetsweng magareng ga Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand mo Aforika Borwa le Yunibesithi ya Naga ya Arizona kwa US. === Logaga lwa Dibeso le Logaga lwa Mandible lwa Hyaena === Logaga lwa Hearths lo gaufi le moago wa Logaga lwa Hisitori mme lo boloka rekoto e e feletseng e e gakgamatsang ya tiro ya batho go tloga ka dinako tsa "Acheulian" tsa Motlha wa Matlapa wa Pele mo di-sediments tsa bogologolo go feta go fitlha ka Motlha wa Matlapa wa Bogare, Motlha wa Matlapa wa Moragonyana le go fitlha kwa Motlheng wa Tshipi.<ref>Latham, A.G.; Herries, A.I.R. (2004). "The formation and sedimentary infilling of the Cave of Hearths and Historic Cave complex, Makapansgat, South Africa". ''Geoarchaeology''. '''19''' (4): 323–342. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Gearc..19..323L 2004Gearc..19..323L]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/gea.10122|10.1002/gea.10122]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0883-6353 0883-6353].</ref> Dilo tsa Yuropa tsa lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga, tse di jaaka dijana tsa kopore le dibolo tsa musket di ne tsa fitlhelwa kwa godimo fa go ne go simololwa go epiwa. Lefelo leno le ne la epiwa gape le go sekasekwa gape jaaka karolo ya 'Porojeke ya Patlisiso ya Makapan Middle Pleistocene' e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Yunibesithi ya Liverpool (UK) fa gare ga 1996 le 2001.<ref>Sinclair, Anthony; McNabb, John, eds. (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=JQYNAQAAMAAJ The Cave of Hearths: Makapan Middle Pleistocene Research Project: Field Research by Anthony Sinclair and Patrick Quinney], 1996-2001''. Oxford: [[:en:Archaeopress|Archaeopress.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4073-0420-5|978-1-4073-0420-5]]</bdi>.</ref> Tiro e e bontshitse gore di-horizon tsa sediment tse di mebalabala mo maemong a Motlha wa Letlapa wa Pele ga di tswe mo tirisong ya molelo. Homo mandible le yona e e bonweng mo dikarolong tse e ka nna ya emela mongwe wa baemedi ba ba ntlha ba Homo sapiens.<ref>Curnoe, D. (2009). "The mandible from Bed 3, Cave of Hearths". In Sinclair, Anthony; McNabb, John (eds.). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=JQYNAQAAMAAJ The Cave of Hearths: Makapan Middle Pleistocene Research Project: Field Research by Anthony Sinclair and Patrick Quinney], 1996-2001''. Oxford: [[:en:Archaeopress|Archaeopress]]. pp.&#x20;138–149. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4073-0420-5|978-1-4073-0420-5]]</bdi>.</ref> === Logaga lwa Nare === == Metswedi == nrurflnbxxlksskoisq7go3fnq1zpkk 0 15177 55255 2026-09-22T11:37:11Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341925624|Robert W. Bagnall]]" 55255 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=21 February 2009 |title=The New Negro Movement |url=https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/naacp/the-new-negro-movement.html |website=Library of Congress}}</ref>Robert Wellington Bagnall Jr ( tsholetswe kwa Norfolk, kwa Virginia ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le boraro go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le boraro <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Shelton |first=Bernice |date=November 1943 |title=Robert Wellington Bagnall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GFsEAAAAMBAJ&q=Robert+Wellington+Bagnall%2C%E2%80%9D+The+Crisis+50+%28November+1943&pg=PA326 |journal=The Crisis |volume=50 |pages=334, 347}}</ref> E ne e le moruti wa Kereke ya St. Matthew’s Episcopal ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bongwe (1911) mme a tswelela ka ditiro tse di farologaneng tse di neng di amana le boeteledipele jwa kereke. O itsege thata ka go lwela ditshwanelo tsa banni ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1920). O ne a berekela lekalana la NAACP mo maemong a le mmalwa dingwaga di feta masome a mabedi . == Tiro == === Kereke === Tiro ya ga Bagnall e ne e amana ka tlhamalalo le thuto ya gagwe ya bodumedi le maitemogelo a gagwe a tiro. O ne a tsena sekolo mme a nna sealogane sa Sekolo sa Bishop Payne Divinity kwa Petersburg, VA. Moragonyana, o ne a nna moruti ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le boraro (1903). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=17 Rectors of the African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas |url=http://www.aecst.org/past_rectors.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018112047/http://www.aecst.org/past_rectors.htm |archive-date=2018-10-18 |access-date=2017-05-25 |website=aecst.org}}</ref> Morago ga go tlhomiwa ga gagwe, Bagnall "o ne a okamela diphuthego di le mmalwa tsa Episcopal ya Methodist ya Aforika (AME) go bapa le letshitshi la Atlantic pele ga a goroga kwa Detroit mme a nna Mogolwane wa kereke ya St. Matthew Episcopal" ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bongwe (1911). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bragg |first=Susan |date=27 January 2010 |title=Bagnall, Robert W. Jr. |url=http://www.blackpast.org/aah/bagnall-jr-robert-w-1883-1943 |website=Blackpast.org}}</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bongwe (1921) go ya go sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le boraro (1933) o ne a nna Mogolwane wa Sekolo sa Thuto ya Bodumedi sa Batho baswe. <ref name=":1" />u Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le boraro (1933), o ne a nna Mogolwane wa bo lesome le boraro wa Kereke ya St. Thomas Episcopal, koo a neng a fetsa dingwaga di le lesome tsa bofelo tsa botshelo jwa gagwe teng. Mo dingwageng tseo tse di lesome, Bagnall o ne a tsosolosa le go tsholetsa phuthego. <ref name=":1" /> a na le mosadi wa gagwe, Lilian Anderson Bagnall, <ref name=":2" /> ba ne ba etelela pele Kereke ya St. Thomas Episcopal go tswa kwa 12th le Walnut street go ya kwa 52nd le Parish street. <ref name=":1" /> Mo ditherong tsa gagwe, Bagnall o ne a itsege e le mongwe wa baruti ba ba tlhabanang thata ba Maaforika a kwa Amerika mo United States. Mo bukeng ya gagwe ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bongwe (1921) ''ya The History of the Negro Church'', mokwadi wa ditso Carter Godwin Woodson o ne a kwala gore Bagnall e ne e le mongwe wa ba sekae ba ba neng "ba rera tota gore go dirisiwe dikgoka le go kgothaletsa batho gore ba se ka ba tlhaselwa ke digopa" tsa batho basweu ba ba neng ba tlhasela batho Bantsho mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Woodson |first=Carter G. |date=1972 |title=The History of the Negro Church |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofnegroch0000cart/page/279/mode/1up?q=bagnall |publisher=Associated Publishers |pages=279–280 |access-date=2 March 2024}}</ref> === Mokgatlho wa Bosechaba wa Kgatelopele ya Batho basweu === Bagnall e ne e le mongwe wa basimolodi ba lekalana la Detroit la NAACP ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome (1910), ^[1] e ne ele mmueledi wa NAACP, yo a neng a "etelela pele matsholo a a atlegileng kgatlhanong le go kgaoganngwa ga batho kwa dikolong, bosetlhogo jwa mapodise, le go tlhaolwa kwa [[Ford Motor Company|koponeng ya Ford Motor]] ." ^[2] Tiro ya gagwe koo e ne ya dira gore a amogelwe mo mokgatlhong ono, mme o ne a tlhatlhosiwa maemo go nna Mothapi wa Kgaolo/morulaganyi wa kgaolo mo kgaolong ya Great Lakes ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le borobabobedi (1918), ko a neng a berekela teng ka nako e khutshwane. O ne a tlhatlhosiwa maemo gape ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bongwe (1921) mme a fudugela kwa New York go ya go nna Mokaedi wa Bosetšhaba wa Makalana a NAACP. Ka ntlha ya [[Great Depression|Kwelotlase e tona ya itsholelo]] , ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgoloa robabongwe le masome mararo le boraro ( 1933), Bagnall o ne a tlogela tiro ya gagwe ka gonne mokgatlho o ne wa tshwanelwa ke go fokotsa badiri le dituelo. == Ditshupiso == aw7jnbg6l8fz1tn199lvs7xmnk2z45f 0 15178 55256 2026-09-22T11:49:28Z MmaBaggio 11091 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Kgaolo ya Robert W. Bagnall 55256 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Wellington Bagnall Jr''' ( tsholetswe kwa [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk, kwa Virginia]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le boraro go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le boraro <ref name=":1">[https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/naacp/the-new-negro-movement.html "The New Negro Movement".] ''Library of Congress''. 21 February 2009.</ref><ref name=":2">Shelton, Bernice (November 1943). [https://books.google.com/books?id=GFsEAAAAMBAJ&q=Robert+Wellington+Bagnall%2C%E2%80%9D+The+Crisis+50+%28November+1943&pg=PA326 "Robert Wellington Bagnall".] ''The Crisis''. '''50''': 334, 347.</ref> Ene e le moruti wa Kereke ya St. Matthew’s Episcopal ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bongwe (1911) mme a tswelela ka ditiro tse di farologaneng tse di neng di amana le boeteledipele jwa kereke. O itsege thata ka go lwela ditshwanelo tsa banni ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1920). O ne a berekela lekalana la [[:en:NAACP|NAACP]] mo maemong a le mmalwa dingwaga di feta masome a mabedi == Tiro == === Kereke === Tiro ya ga Bagnall e ne e amana ka tlhamalalo le thuto ya gagwe ya bodumedi le maitemogelo a gagwe a tiro. O ne a tsena sekolo mme a nna sealogane sa [[Bishop Payne Divinity School|Sekolo sa Bishop Payne Divinity]] kwa Petersburg, VA. Moragonyana, o ne a nna moruti ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le boraro (1903). <ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181018112047/http://www.aecst.org/past_rectors.htm "17 Rectors of the African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas".] ''aecst.org''. Archived from t[http://www.aecst.org/past_rectors.htm he original] on 2018-10-18. Retrieved 2017-05-25.</ref> Morago ga go tlhomiwa ga gagwe, Bagnall "o ne a okamela diphuthego di le mmalwa tsa Episcopal ya Methodist ya Aforika (AME) go bapa le letshitshi la Atlantic pele ga a goroga kwa Detroit mme a nna Mogolwane wa kereke ya St. Matthew Episcopal" ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bongwe (1911). <ref name=":4">Bragg, Susan (27 January 2010). [http://www.blackpast.org/aah/bagnall-jr-robert-w-1883-1943 "Bagnall, Robert W. Jr".] ''Blackpast.org''.</ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bongwe (1921) go ya go sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le boraro (1933) o ne a nna Mogolwane wa Sekolo sa Thuto ya Bodumedi sa Batho baswe. <ref name=":3" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le boraro (1933), o ne a nna Mogolwane wa bo lesome le boraro wa Kereke ya St. Thomas Episcopal, koo a neng a fetsa dingwaga di le lesome tsa bofelo tsa botshelo jwa gagwe teng. Mo dingwageng tseo tse di lesome, Bagnall o ne a tsosolosa le go tsholetsa phuthego. <ref name=":3" /> a na le mosadi wa gagwe, Lilian Anderson Bagnall, <ref name=":2" /> ba ne ba etelela pele Kereke ya St. Thomas Episcopal go tswa kwa 12th le Walnut street go ya kwa 52nd le Parish street. <ref name=":3" /> Mo ditherong tsa gagwe, Bagnall o ne a itsege e le mongwe wa baruti ba ba tlhabanang thata ba Maaforika a kwa Amerika mo United States. Mo bukeng ya gagwe ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bongwe (1921) ''ya The History of the Negro Church'', mokwadi wa ditso Carter Godwin Woodson o ne a kwala gore Bagnall e ne e le mongwe wa ba sekae ba ba neng "ba rera tota gore go dirisiwe dikgoka le go kgothaletsa batho gore ba se ka ba tlhaselwa ke digopa" tsa batho basweu ba ba neng ba tlhasela batho Bantsho mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga.<ref>Woodson, Carter G. (1972). [https://archive.org/details/historyofnegroch0000cart/page/279/mode/1up?q=bagnall ''The History of the Negro Church''.] Associated Publishers. pp.&#x20;279–280. Retrieved 2 March 2024.</ref> === ^{Mokgatlho wa Bosechaba wa Kgatelopele ya Batho basweu} === Bagnall e ne e le mongwe wa basimolodi ba lekalana la Detroit la NAACP ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome (1910), <ref name=":4" /> e ne ele mmueledi wa NAACP, yo a neng a "etelela pele matsholo a a atlegileng kgatlhanong le go kgaoganngwa ga batho kwa dikolong, bosetlhogo jwa mapodise, le go tlhaolwa kwa [[Ford Motor Company|koponeng ya Ford Motor]] ." <ref name=":1" />Tiro ya gagwe koo e ne ya dira gore a amogelwe mo mokgatlhong ono, mme o ne a tlhatlhosiwa maemo go nna Mothapi wa Kgaolo/morulaganyi wa kgaolo mo kgaolong ya Great Lakes ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le borobabobedi (1918), ko a neng a berekela teng ka nako e khutshwane. O ne a tlhatlhosiwa maemo gape ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bongwe (1921) mme a fudugela kwa New York go ya go nna Mokaedi wa Bosetšhaba wa Makalana a NAACP. Ka ntlha ya [[Great Depression|Kwelotlase e tona ya itsholelo]] , ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgoloa robabongwe le masome mararo le boraro ( 1933), Bagnall o ne a tlogela tiro ya gagwe ka gonne mokgatlho o ne wa tshwanelwa ke go fokotsa badiri le dituelo. == Ditshupiso == 9b0ai365s1ygqx98d8xsmdmq1mg7opu