Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4550 55604 37861 2026-09-24T22:25:54Z Chotlho 12488 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373166385|France]]" 55604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = French Republic | common_name = France | native_name = {{lang|fr|République française}} | image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = <!-- Do not place the unofficial symbols of France such as the coat of arms or diplomatic emblem as [[WP:UNDUE|undue weight]], as discussed on [[Talk:France#Coat of arms]] and [[Talk:France#Regarding the national emblem]]. These articles can be found in [[Coat of arms of France]] and [[Diplomatic emblem of France]]. --> | national_motto = "{{Lang|fr|[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité]]|italics=no}}" | englishmotto = {{Raise|0.2em|''Liberty, equality, fraternity''}} | national_anthem = "[[La Marseillaise]]"<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em">[[File:La Marseillaise.ogg|alt=sound clip of the Marseillaise French national anthem]]</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:EU-France (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:EU-France.svg|frameless]]|[[Metropolitan France]] (European part of France) in Europe|[[File:France and its region.png|frameless]]|Metropolitan France and its neighbours<!--Map restored per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] in 03:24, 11 July 2023 discussion [[Talk:France#Removal of map]]-->|[[File:Territorial waters - France.svg|frameless]]|Show France, [[Overseas France|its overseas territories]] and [[Exclusive economic zone of France|its exclusive economic zones]]|Labelled map|default=1}} | capital = [[Paris]] | coordinates = {{Coord|48|51|N|2|21|E|type:city(2,100,000)_region:FR-75C}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[French language|French]] | common_languages = French and [[Languages of France#Regional languages|other regional languages]]{{efn|French is the most widely spoken and is the sole official language in France. Although the [[Constitution of France]] does not officially recognise regional languages, it characterises them as "part of France's heritage".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/en/constitution-of-4-october-1958|title=Constitution of 4 October 1958|quote=Article 2: The language of the Republic shall be French.<br />Article 75-1: Regional languages are part of France's heritage.|access-date=15 August 2026|archive-date=16 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116192017/https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/en/constitution-of-4-october-1958|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]] was signed by France in 1999, but has not yet been ratified. The Charter would apply to the following seven regional languages of France: [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Breton language|Breton]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Corsican language|Corsican]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]] ([[Western Flemish]] and Standard Dutch), [[German language|German]] ([[German dialects|dialects of German]], [[Standard German]] and [[Alsatian language|regional language of Alsace-Moselle]]) and [[Occitan language|Occitan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/promoting-ratification-in-france|title=Promoting ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in France|publisher=Council of Europe|access-date=15 August 2026|archive-date=28 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260128233538/https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/promoting-ratification-in-france|url-status=live}}</ref><br />In addition to France's regional languages, there are also various [[Languages of France#Immigrant languages|immigrant languages]] spoken.}} | religion = {{ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap; |{{Tree list}} *50% [[Christianity in France|Christianity]] **47% [[Catholic Church in France|Catholicism]] **2% [[Protestantism in France|Protestantism]] **1% [[Eastern Orthodoxy in France|Orthodoxy]] {{Tree list/end}} |33% [[Irreligion in France|no religion]] |4% [[Islam in France|Islam]] |2% [[Buddhism in France|Buddhism]] |1% [[Judaism in France|Judaism]] |1% [[Religion in France|other religion]] |9% unanswered }} | religion_year = 2020 | religion_ref = <ref name="gov data">{{cite web |title=Etat des lieux de la laïcité en France – 2021 |url=https://www.gouvernement.fr/sites/default/files/contenu/piece-jointe/2021/02/etat_des_lieux_de_la_laicite_en_france._viavoice_-_observatoire_de_la_laicite._2021.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118103656/https://www.gouvernement.fr/sites/default/files/contenu/piece-jointe/2021/02/etat_des_lieux_de_la_laicite_en_france._viavoice_-_observatoire_de_la_laicite._2021.pdf |archive-date=18 January 2024 |publisher=Observatoire de la laïcité, [[Government of France]] |pages=2, 37 |language=fr}}</ref> | demonym = French | government_type = Unitary [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of France|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Emmanuel Macron]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of France|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Sébastien Lecornu]] | leader_title3 = [[List of presidents of the Senate of France|President of the Senate]] | leader_name3 = [[Gérard Larcher]] | leader_title4 = [[List of presidents of the National Assembly of France|President of the National Assembly]] | leader_name4 = [[Yaël Braun-Pivet]] | legislature = [[French Parliament|Parliament]] | upper_house = [[Senate (France)|Senate]] | lower_house = [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of France|Establishment]] | established_event1 = [[West Francia|Kingdom of the West Franks]] — [[Treaty of Verdun]] | established_date1 = 10 August 843 | established_event2 = [[Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy|French Republic]] — [[French First Republic]] | established_date2 = 22 September 1792 | established_event3 = [[Constitution of France|Current&nbsp;constitution]] — [[French Fifth Republic]] | established_date3 = 4 October 1958 | area_km2 = 632702.3 | area_footnote = <br />(including [[metropolitan France]] and [[overseas France]] and excluding [[Adélie Land]])<ref name="Comparateur de territoires.INSEE">{{Cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=FE-1+METRO-1 |title=Comparateur de territoires: France entière et France métropolitaine [Superficie en 2021, en km²] |website=www.insee.fr |publisher=[[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]] |language=fr |date=9 January 2025 |access-date=25 January 2025 |archive-date=26 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126063642/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=FE-1+METRO-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_rank = 42nd <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = <!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers|WP:MOSNUM]] --> | area_label2 = [[Metropolitan France]] ([[:fr:Direction générale des Collectivités locales|DGCL]]) | area_data2 = {{Cvt|543941|km2}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.collectivites-locales.gouv.fr/files/Accueil/DESL/2024/Collectivit%C3%A9s%20locales%20en%20chiffres%202024/BAT2web-CL_en_chiffres_2024.pdf |title=Les collectivités locales en chiffres (2024): 9.2 – France (633,109 km²); France Métropolitaine (543,941 km²); Outre-Mer (89,168 km²) [pg.128] |website=www.collectivites-locales.gouv.fr |publisher=[[:fr: Direction générale des Collectivités locales|Direction Générale des Collectivités Locales]] (DGCL) |language=fr |date=2025 |access-date=25 January 2025 |archive-date=11 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211080021/https://www.collectivites-locales.gouv.fr/files/Accueil/DESL/2024/Collectivit%C3%A9s%20locales%20en%20chiffres%202024/BAT2web-CL_en_chiffres_2024.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ([[List of countries and dependencies by area|50th]]) | area_label3 = Metropolitan France ([[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]]){{efn|Source gives area of metropolitan France as 551,500 km² (212,900 sq mi) and lists overseas regions separately, whose areas sum to 89,179 km² (34,432 sq mi). Adding these gives the total shown here for the entire French Republic. ''[[The World Factbook]]'' reports the total as 643,801 km² (248,573 sq mi).}} | area_data3 = {{Cvt|543908.3|km2}}<ref name="Comparateur de territoires.INSEE"/>{{Efn|name=five|French [[Land registration|land register]] data, which exclude lakes, ponds and [[glacier]]s larger than 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) as well as the estuaries of rivers}} ([[List of countries and dependencies by area|50th]]) | percent_water = 0.86<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surface water and surface water change |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |access-date=11 October 2020 |publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) |archive-date=24 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 69,081,996<ref name=Insee.Population>{{Cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8721456 |title=Estimation de la population au 1ᵉʳ Janvier 2026 - Séries par région, département, sexe et âge |website=www.insee.fr |publisher=[[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]] |language=fr |date=13 January 2026 |access-date=2026-01-31}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = January 2026 | population_estimate_rank = 21st | population_label2 = Density | population_data2 = 109/km² (283/sq mi) ([[List of countries and territories by population density|106th]]) | population_label3 = Metropolitan France, estimate {{As of|lc=y|January 2026}} | population_data3 = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 66,792,845<ref name=Insee.Population/> ([[List of countries and dependencies by population|21st]]) | population_density_km2 = 123 | population_density_sq_mi = <!-- Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers|WP:MOSNUM]] --> | population_density_rank = 97th | GDP_PPP = {{Increase}} $4.734 trillion<ref name="IMFWEO.FR">{{cite web |url=https://data.imf.org/en/Data-Explorer?datasetUrn=IMF.RES:WEO(9.0.0) |title=World Economic Outlook Database (April 2026 Edition) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=14 April 2026 |access-date=18 April 2026 |archive-date=29 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251229200304/https://data.imf.org/en/Data-Explorer?datasetUrn=IMF.RES:WEO(9.0.0) |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 9th | GDP_PPP_year = 2026 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{Increase}} $68,567<ref name="IMFWEO.FR" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 25th | GDP_nominal = {{Increase}} $3.596 trillion<ref name="IMFWEO.FR" /> | GDP_nominal_rank = 7th | GDP_nominal_year = 2026 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{Increase}} $52,083<ref name="IMFWEO.FR" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 22nd | Gini = 30.4 <!-- number only --> | Gini_year = 2025 | Gini_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | Gini_ref = <ref name="eurogini">{{Cite web |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=ec.europa.eu |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |archive-date=28 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260428084017/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref> | HDI = 0.920 | HDI_rank = 26th | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | currency = {{Unbulleted list | [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]) ([[ISO 4217|EUR]]){{efn|name=six|Whole of the except the overseas territories in the Pacific Ocean}} | [[CFP franc]] (XPF){{efn|name=seven|French overseas territories in the Pacific Ocean only}} }} | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]]{{Efn|name=eight|Various other time zones are used in overseas France, from UTC−10 ([[French Polynesia]]) to UTC+12 ([[Wallis and Futana]]). For further information, view [[Time in France]].}} | utc_offset = +1 | utc_offset_DST = +2 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in France|+33]]{{efn|name=nine|The overseas regions and collectivities form part of the [[Telephone numbers in France|French telephone numbering plan]], but have their own country calling codes: [[Guadeloupe]] +590; [[Martinique]] +596; [[French Guiana]] +594; [[Réunion]] and [[Mayotte]] +262; [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]] +508. The overseas territories are not part of the French telephone numbering plan; their country calling codes are: [[New Caledonia]] +687; [[French Polynesia]] +689; [[Wallis and Futuna]] +681.}} | cctld = [[.fr]]{{Efn|name=ten|In addition to [[.fr]], several other Internet TLDs are used in French overseas ''départements'' and territories: [[.re]], [[.mq]], [[.gp]], [[.tf]], [[.nc]], [[.pf]], [[.wf]], [[.pm]], [[.gf]] and [[.yt]]. The [[.cat]] domain is used in [[Catalan Countries|Catalan-speaking territories]], [[.eus]] in [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque-speaking territories]] and [[.bzh]] in [[Brittany]].}} | flag_p1 = Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg }} '''Fora''', semmuso ke '''Rephaboliki ya Fora''', [ j ] ke naga e e kwa Bophirima jwa Yuropa . [ k ] Ke mafelo let mafelo a a Kwa moseja Ga mawatle a akaretsa Guiana ya Fora kwa Amerikaborwa, Saint Pierre le Miquelon kwa Atlantiki Bokone, Di-Indies Bophirima tsa Fora, le ditlhaketlhake di le dintsi kwa Oceania le kwa Lewatleng la India . Fora ya metropolitan e bale melelwane le Belgium le Luxembourg kwa bokone; Jeremane kwa bokonebotlhaba; [[Switzerland]] kwa botlhaba; [[Italia|Italy]] le Monaco kwa borwabotlhaba; Andorra le Spain kwa borwa; le molelwane wa lewatle le [[United Kingdom]] kwa bokonebophirima. Letlo la ditoropokgolo Le atologa go tswa Kwa nokeng ya Rhine go ya kwa Lewatleng la Atlantic le go tswa kwa Lewatleng la Mediterranean go ya kwa English Channel le kwa Lewatleng la Bokone . Dikgaolo tsa yone di le 18 tse di kopaneng —tse tlhano tsa tsone di leng kwa moseja ga mawatle—di akaretsa lefelo le le kopantsweng la 632,702 dikilometara , ka palogotlhe ya baagi e e fopholediwang go feta dimilione di le 69.1 ka 2026. Motsemogolo wa yone, toropo e kgolo le setheo se segolo sa setso le sa ikonomi ke Paris, e e nang le baagi ba toropokgolo ba ba fetang dimilione di le 13. [[Karolo:Fora]] [[Karolo:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]] ah5yn1wpq0i6xij3nk7px0ekh83yrhk 0 15234 55549 55547 2026-09-24T12:04:20Z VNGao 10152 /* Phatlalatso ya Tiro ya Gagwe */ 55549 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Anthony_Barboza|Anthony Barboza]]''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le bone mo [[:en:Cape_Verde|New Bedford]] mo Massachusetts)<ref>Brookman, Philip; Willis, Deborah (2025). Photography and the Black Arts Movement, 1955-1985. New Haven London: Yale University Press. p. 251. ISBN 9780300283501</ref><ref> "[https://newbedfordart.org/anthony-barboza/ Anthony Barboza]". New Bedford Art Museum. Retrieved January 19, 2026.</ref> ke mokapa ditshwantsho,morata Ditso, motaki le mokgwadi. Ka ditso a tswa kwa [[:en:Cape_Verde|Cape Verde]], mme gape a na le [[:en:Commercial_art|metako eo aneng ae rekisa]] go feta dingwaga tse di masome mane tse di fitileng, talete ee kwa godimo ya ga Barboza e dira gore a atlege mme gape a tsenele le go diragatsa bokgeleke jwa gagwe mo go seo ase ratang le go tswelela a jalo a dira bontle mo botaking mo ditshupetsong mo Amerika. Barboza ona le moalo oo phuthulogileng yoo o supang setso le botegeniki jwa botaki boo bo tlhotlheleditsweng ke dikakanyo tseo di remeletseng mo setsong sa Aforika -Amerika, tseo di saleng di sutswa mo mabeelong a matlotlo a botaki a sechaba le dikomponi tseo di ikemetseng ka nosi, ga mmogo le mabolokelo a ngwao le dikolo tsa ithutontsho lefatshe ka bophara. O itsagale thata ka go kapa ditshwantsho kana dinepe tsa botaki jwa bodiragatsi jwa mmino wa jazz go tswa ka dngwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi. Bontsi jwa tiro e ya gagwe bo bonwa mo lekwalong la gagwe la Black Borders, leo le gatsisitsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a robabobedi ka thotloetso ya madi go tswa go setlamo sa National Endowment for the Arts. Mo tsebeng kana temana khutshwe eo e gatsisitsweng mo lekwalo dikgang la City Sun ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone one a bua jaana: " fake dira moruti wa motho yoo... == Tiro == Barboza o tlile mo New York City ka tlhamalalo morago ga go aloga mo sekolong se segolwane ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le boraro ale dingwaga fela di lesome le borobabongwe aya go ithutela tsa Bokapa Ditshwantsho le Hugh Bell, yoo eleng mokapa ditshwantsho wa mokgabo yo o atlegileng thata mme a ile ya nna ene o rutuntshang Barboza go bereka asa duelwe go tsaya botsipa jwa go tsaya dinepe kana ditshwantsho. Pele ga moo one a kopana le Adger Cowans, mongwe wa ba ba tsenang mo seatleng baba atlegileng bakapa ditshwantsho ba mmala wa sebilo ba nako eo, yoo one a tla a itsise Barboza ko setlhopheng sa bakapa ditshwantsho ba mmala wa sebilo bao eneng ele maloko a mokgatlho wa The Kamoinge Wokshop . Lekoko kana mokgatlho o ne pele o tsamaisiwa ke Roy De Carava mme o tlhametswe go godisa tiro ya bakapa ditshwantsho le bataki ba letso mmala wa sebilo ,oo ka nako eo tiro e ya letso la Aforika -Amerika ene e kgethololwa ebile e tseelwa kwa fatshe , le go sa akarediweng mo tirong ya bataki kana bakapa ditshwantsho ba tlhwatlhwa. Ene ele bakapa ditshwantsho ba tlhwatlhwa baba neng ba ikopantse go rotloetsana ka go ntsha melaetsa ya kgothatso, tebogo,kgalo kana le go dira ditshupo kana ditshupetso mmogo. Barboza o tsweletse go somarela setso le maemo a gagwe jaana moeteledipele wa mokgatlho yo mo gompienong o bidiwang Kamoinge, Inc. mme ontse ontsweletse kago rotloetsa ba bangwe ba batho ba mmala wa sebilo ba ba neng le keletso mo go kapeng ditshwantsho ga maemo aa kwa godimo mo tirong ya bone. == Phatlalatso ya Tiro ya Gagwe == Tiro e nngwe ya gagwe ea e dirileng e akaretsa go thusa [[:en:Coca-Cola|Coca-Cola]], [[:en:Pepsi|Pepsi]], [[:en:General_Motors|General Motors]], [[:en:Kraft_Foods|Kraft Foods]], [[:en:HBO|HBO]], [[:en:Kodak|Kodak]], [[:en:Revlon|Revlon]], [[:en:AT&T|AT&T]], the [[:en:United_States_Army|U.S. Army]], the [[:en:United_States_Marine_Corps|U.S. Marines]], [[:en:Sony|Sony]], [[:en:Miramax|Miramax Films]], [[:en:Burger_King|Burger King]], Aetna Life Insurance, [[:en:Arista_Records|Arista Records]], [[:en:Nissan|Nissan]], [[:en:Coors_Brewing_Company|Coors]], [[:en:Absolut_Vodka|Absolut Vodka]], [[:en:Reebok|Reebok]], [[:en:Random_House|Random House]], Hanes, [[:en:Clairol|Clairol]], Amtrak, Bahamas Tourist Board, Avon, Columbia Records, [[:en:L'Oréal|L'Oreal]], le tse dingwe tse dintsi. == Thelebishini == Barboza ene ele mothusa mokaedi kana mogolwane wa ipapatso ya TV le tsala ya gagwe ya ya mmino wa jazz ebong lekaba Miles Davis wa Dentsu Advertising of Japan. == Metswedi == tnuxjmm5egoiks7mui2th60ly7gm0nn 55550 55549 2026-09-24T12:08:13Z VNGao 10152 55550 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Anthony_Barboza|Anthony Barboza]]''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le bone mo [[:en:Cape_Verde|New Bedford]] mo Massachusetts)<ref>Brookman, Philip; Willis, Deborah (2025). Photography and the Black Arts Movement, 1955-1985. New Haven London: Yale University Press. p. 251. ISBN 9780300283501</ref><ref> "[https://newbedfordart.org/anthony-barboza/ Anthony Barboza]". New Bedford Art Museum. Retrieved January 19, 2026.</ref> ke mokapa ditshwantsho,morata Ditso, motaki le mokgwadi. Ka ditso a tswa kwa [[:en:Cape_Verde|Cape Verde]], mme gape a na le [[:en:Commercial_art|metako eo aneng ae rekisa]] go feta dingwaga tse di masome mane tse di fitileng, talete ee kwa godimo ya ga Barboza e dira gore a atlege mme gape a tsenele le go diragatsa bokgeleke jwa gagwe mo go seo ase ratang le go tswelela a jalo a dira bontle mo botaking mo ditshupetsong mo Amerika. Barboza ona le moalo oo phuthulogileng yoo o supang setso le botegeniki jwa botaki boo bo tlhotlheleditsweng ke dikakanyo tseo di remeletseng mo setsong sa Aforika -Amerika, tseo di saleng di sutswa mo mabeelong a matlotlo a botaki a sechaba le dikomponi tseo di ikemetseng ka nosi, ga mmogo le mabolokelo a ngwao le dikolo tsa ithutontsho lefatshe ka bophara. O itsagale thata ka go kapa ditshwantsho kana dinepe tsa botaki jwa bodiragatsi jwa mmino wa jazz go tswa ka dngwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi. Bontsi jwa tiro e ya gagwe bo bonwa mo lekwalong la gagwe la Black Borders, leo le gatsisitsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a robabobedi ka thotloetso ya madi go tswa go setlamo sa National Endowment for the Arts. Mo tsebeng kana temana khutshwe eo e gatsisitsweng mo lekwalo dikgang la City Sun ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone one a bua jaana: " fake dira moruti wa motho yoo... == Tiro == Barboza o tlile mo New York City ka tlhamalalo morago ga go aloga mo sekolong se segolwane ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le boraro ale dingwaga fela di lesome le borobabongwe aya go ithutela tsa Bokapa Ditshwantsho le Hugh Bell, yoo eleng mokapa ditshwantsho wa mokgabo yo o atlegileng thata mme a ile ya nna ene o rutuntshang Barboza go bereka asa duelwe go tsaya botsipa jwa go tsaya dinepe kana ditshwantsho. Pele ga moo one a kopana le Adger Cowans, mongwe wa ba ba tsenang mo seatleng baba atlegileng bakapa ditshwantsho ba mmala wa sebilo ba nako eo, yoo one a tla a itsise Barboza ko setlhopheng sa bakapa ditshwantsho ba mmala wa sebilo bao eneng ele maloko a mokgatlho wa The Kamoinge Wokshop . Lekoko kana mokgatlho o ne pele o tsamaisiwa ke Roy De Carava mme o tlhametswe go godisa tiro ya bakapa ditshwantsho le bataki ba letso mmala wa sebilo ,oo ka nako eo tiro e ya letso la Aforika -Amerika ene e kgethololwa ebile e tseelwa kwa fatshe , le go sa akarediweng mo tirong ya bataki kana bakapa ditshwantsho ba tlhwatlhwa. Ene ele bakapa ditshwantsho ba tlhwatlhwa baba neng ba ikopantse go rotloetsana ka go ntsha melaetsa ya kgothatso, tebogo,kgalo kana le go dira ditshupo kana ditshupetso mmogo. Barboza o tsweletse go somarela setso le maemo a gagwe jaana moeteledipele wa mokgatlho yo mo gompienong o bidiwang Kamoinge, Inc. mme ontse ontsweletse kago rotloetsa ba bangwe ba batho ba mmala wa sebilo ba ba neng le keletso mo go kapeng ditshwantsho ga maemo aa kwa godimo mo tirong ya bone. == Phatlalatso ya Tiro ya Gagwe == Tiro e nngwe ya gagwe ea e dirileng e akaretsa go thusa [[:en:Coca-Cola|Coca-Cola]], [[:en:Pepsi|Pepsi]], [[:en:General_Motors|General Motors]], [[:en:Kraft_Foods|Kraft Foods]], [[:en:HBO|HBO]], [[:en:Kodak|Kodak]], [[:en:Revlon|Revlon]], [[:en:AT&T|AT&T]], the [[:en:United_States_Army|U.S. Army]], the [[:en:United_States_Marine_Corps|U.S. Marines]], [[:en:Sony|Sony]], [[:en:Miramax|Miramax Films]], [[:en:Burger_King|Burger King]], Aetna Life Insurance, [[:en:Arista_Records|Arista Records]], [[:en:Nissan|Nissan]], [[:en:Coors_Brewing_Company|Coors]], [[:en:Absolut_Vodka|Absolut Vodka]], [[:en:Reebok|Reebok]], [[:en:Random_House|Random House]], Hanes, [[:en:Clairol|Clairol]], Amtrak, Bahamas Tourist Board, Avon, Columbia Records, [[:en:L'Oréal|L'Oreal]], le tse dingwe tse dintsi. == Thelebishini == Barboza ene ele mothusa mokaedi kana mogolwane wa ipapatso ya TV le tsala ya gagwe ya ya mmino wa jazz ebong lekaba Miles Davis wa Dentsu Advertising of Japan<ref>Chitwood, Seth. "[https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/entertainment/books/2023/04/28/new-bedford-native-and-black-artist-anthony-barboza-returns-may-6/70157015007/ Prestigious photographer from New Bedford returns to discuss new book on May 6"]. New Bedford Standard-Times. Retrieved September 24 2026.</ref>. == Metswedi == tt2vd7g3j2zzwai9z8yxt31utb395zq 0 15237 55551 2026-09-24T12:18:29Z VNGao 10152 Created page with "[[:en:Alice_Hall|'''Alice''' '''Hall''']] ( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bosupa go tsena ka ngwaga wa ketepedi, o tshotswe ele ene '''Alice Marie Laquiere''' kwa [[:en:Brussels|Brussels]] mo Belgium) ene ele modiragatsi wa mmino wa jazz.One a ribolola kgatisong ya gagwe ya pele ele pina ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabongwe." 55551 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Alice_Hall|'''Alice''' '''Hall''']] ( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bosupa go tsena ka ngwaga wa ketepedi, o tshotswe ele ene '''Alice Marie Laquiere''' kwa [[:en:Brussels|Brussels]] mo Belgium) ene ele modiragatsi wa mmino wa jazz.One a ribolola kgatisong ya gagwe ya pele ele pina ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabongwe. 5wr52s2wbq28lnscyzm65uw27oxow1u 55552 55551 2026-09-24T12:29:58Z VNGao 10152 55552 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Alice_Hall|'''Alice''' '''Hall''']] ( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bosupa go tsena ka ngwaga wa ketepedi, o tshotswe ele ene '''Alice Marie Laquiere''' kwa [[:en:Brussels|Brussels]] mo Belgium) ene ele modiragatsi wa mmino wa jazz.One a ribolola kgatisong ya gagwe ya pele ele pina ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabongwe. == Botshelo Pele == 3yqqy3ye0holzis7nwpm3fe66dqp0z0 55553 55552 2026-09-24T12:40:17Z VNGao 10152 55553 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Alice_Hall|'''Alice''' '''Hall''']] ( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bosupa go tsena ka ngwaga wa ketepedi, o tshotswe ele ene '''Alice Marie Laquiere''' kwa [[:en:Brussels|Brussels]] mo Belgium) ene ele modiragatsi wa mmino wa jazz.One a ribolola kgatisong ya gagwe ya pele ele pina ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabongwe. == Botshelo Pele == == Tiro == Benny Goodman one amo laletsa go tsena mo metseletseleng ya bodiragatsi mme mong wa club koo aneng a diragatsa one a gana go baa monwana mo tokomaneng ya tumalano. One a gana go tshameka le setlhopha sa ga Jack Teagarden a tlhalosa jalo gore," Go tshameka le setlhopha se setona, oitse gore o tshwanetse go diragatsa eng mo lebakeng le le kae, mme ebile ebo ele gone gotlhe? Oaitse fela gore gagona sepe foo.... Kene ke batla go supa gore goa kgonagala go dira matshetshe ka ka katara e, gona le go tshameka seo se tlwaelesegileng' dilo tsa bo Jolly Caballero' jaana wa bona?" m8fw60djq2epls2ljtyvl8mleqysccg 55554 55553 2026-09-24T12:48:39Z VNGao 10152 /* Tiro */ 55554 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Alice_Hall|'''Alice''' '''Hall''']] ( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bosupa go tsena ka ngwaga wa ketepedi, o tshotswe ele ene '''Alice Marie Laquiere''' kwa [[:en:Brussels|Brussels]] mo Belgium) ene ele modiragatsi wa mmino wa jazz.One a ribolola kgatisong ya gagwe ya pele ele pina ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabongwe. == Botshelo Pele == == Tiro == [[:en:Benny_Goodman|Benny Goodman]] one amo laletsa go tsena mo metseletseleng ya bodiragatsi mme mong wa club koo aneng a diragatsa one a gana go baa monwana mo tokomaneng ya tumalano. One a gana go tshameka le setlhopha sa ga [[:en:Jack_Teagarden|Jack Teagarden]] a tlhalosa jalo gore," Go tshameka le [[:en:Big_band|setlhopha se setona]], oitse gore o tshwanetse go diragatsa eng mo lebakeng le le kae, mme ebile ebo ele gone gotlhe? Oaitse fela gore gagona sepe foo.... Kene ke batla go supa gore goa kgonagala go dira matshetshe ka ka katara e, gona le go tshameka seo se tlwaelesegileng' dilo tsa bo Jolly Caballero' jaana wa bona?"<ref>Hall, Alice; Olsher, Dean. "[https://www.npr.org/1997/01/06/1030055/dean-olsher-talks-with-alice-hall Dean Olsher talks with Alice Hall]". NPR. Morning Edition. Retrieved 24September 2026</ref> == Botshelo Morago == == Metswedi == js7k5408g1jb976oyu367vzium9bvaj 55555 55554 2026-09-24T13:05:02Z VNGao 10152 /* Botshelo Morago */ 55555 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Alice_Hall|'''Alice''' '''Hall''']] ( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bosupa go tsena ka ngwaga wa ketepedi, o tshotswe ele ene '''Alice Marie Laquiere''' kwa [[:en:Brussels|Brussels]] mo Belgium) ene ele modiragatsi wa mmino wa jazz.One a ribolola kgatisong ya gagwe ya pele ele pina ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabongwe. == Botshelo Pele == == Tiro == [[:en:Benny_Goodman|Benny Goodman]] one amo laletsa go tsena mo metseletseleng ya bodiragatsi mme mong wa club koo aneng a diragatsa one a gana go baa monwana mo tokomaneng ya tumalano. One a gana go tshameka le setlhopha sa ga [[:en:Jack_Teagarden|Jack Teagarden]] a tlhalosa jalo gore," Go tshameka le [[:en:Big_band|setlhopha se setona]], oitse gore o tshwanetse go diragatsa eng mo lebakeng le le kae, mme ebile ebo ele gone gotlhe? Oaitse fela gore gagona sepe foo.... Kene ke batla go supa gore goa kgonagala go dira matshetshe ka ka katara e, gona le go tshameka seo se tlwaelesegileng' dilo tsa bo Jolly Caballero' jaana wa bona?"<ref>Hall, Alice; Olsher, Dean. "[https://www.npr.org/1997/01/06/1030055/dean-olsher-talks-with-alice-hall Dean Olsher talks with Alice Hall]". NPR. Morning Edition. Retrieved 24September 2026</ref> == Botshelo Morago == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa, Hall one a ikisa sepatela morago ga go nna le kgatelelo ya maikutlo. O tshedile botshelo Jwa Gagwe tshameka katara ,mme ebile gape a thusa ba bangwe ba ba tshamekang jaaka ene. O ile a manega tsebe Friends of the Accordionya mo lekwala dikgang mo Los Angeles ya ''Friends of the Accordion. Letlhakore la gagwe la'' "What Is This Thing Called Love?" le gatsisitswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano mo kgobokanong ya Planet Squeezebox. == Metswedi == paev3myyb5vqti5xrg7ih8etj35ez6j 55556 55555 2026-09-24T13:16:01Z ~2026-51513-62 13203 /* Metswedi */ 55556 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Alice_Hall|'''Alice''' '''Hall''']] ( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bosupa go tsena ka ngwaga wa ketepedi, o tshotswe ele ene '''Alice Marie Laquiere''' kwa [[:en:Brussels|Brussels]] mo Belgium) ene ele modiragatsi wa mmino wa jazz.One a ribolola kgatisong ya gagwe ya pele ele pina ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabongwe. == Botshelo Pele == == Tiro == [[:en:Benny_Goodman|Benny Goodman]] one amo laletsa go tsena mo metseletseleng ya bodiragatsi mme mong wa club koo aneng a diragatsa one a gana go baa monwana mo tokomaneng ya tumalano. One a gana go tshameka le setlhopha sa ga [[:en:Jack_Teagarden|Jack Teagarden]] a tlhalosa jalo gore," Go tshameka le [[:en:Big_band|setlhopha se setona]], oitse gore o tshwanetse go diragatsa eng mo lebakeng le le kae, mme ebile ebo ele gone gotlhe? Oaitse fela gore gagona sepe foo.... Kene ke batla go supa gore goa kgonagala go dira matshetshe ka ka katara e, gona le go tshameka seo se tlwaelesegileng' dilo tsa bo Jolly Caballero' jaana wa bona?"<ref>Hall, Alice; Olsher, Dean. "[https://www.npr.org/1997/01/06/1030055/dean-olsher-talks-with-alice-hall Dean Olsher talks with Alice Hall]". NPR. Morning Edition. Retrieved 24September 2026</ref> == Botshelo Morago == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa, Hall one a ikisa sepatela morago ga go nna le kgatelelo ya maikutlo. O tshedile botshelo Jwa Gagwe tshameka katara ,mme ebile gape a thusa ba bangwe ba ba tshamekang jaaka ene.<ref name=":1">Shapiro, Michael (1995). Planet Squeezebox: Accordion Music from Around the World (booklet). Roslyn, New York: Ellipsis Arts. pp. 22–25.</ref> O ile a manega tsebe Friends of the Accordionya mo lekwala dikgang mo Los Angeles<ref>[https://www.accordions.com/index/squ/en_squ_00_06_30.shtml Queen of Jazz Accordion Passes Away".] The Squeeze. Accordions Worldwide. 2000-06-30. Retrieved 24 September 2028</ref> ya ''Friends of the Accordion. Letlhakore la gagwe la'' "What Is This Thing Called Love?" le gatsisitswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano mo kgobokanong ya Planet Squeezebox.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == gtfkotqmqi51vobx1fsw5pogwsf3bmw 55557 55556 2026-09-24T13:21:59Z VNGao 10152 55557 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Alice_Hall|'''Alice''' '''Hall''']] ( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bosupa go tsena ka ngwaga wa ketepedi, o tshotswe ele ene '''Alice Marie Laquiere''' kwa [[:en:Brussels|Brussels]] mo Belgium) ene ele modiragatsi wa mmino wa jazz.One a ribolola kgatisong ya gagwe ya pele ele pina ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabongwe. == Botshelo Pele == Hall o godiseditswe kwa Detroit mo Michigan, morago ga go fuduga ga ba lelwapa la gagwe. Rraagwe ene ele seopedi mme ke ene a mo rutileng moropa le go dirisa medumo ee farologaneng ya mathale a katara go kgatlhisa moreetsi, mme one a pagama serala le rraagwe.She played European-style chromatic button accordion with a "finto-piano" (false piano) keyboard similar to that used by vaudeville accordionist Pietro Frosini and jazz accordionist Leon Sash. == Tiro == [[:en:Benny_Goodman|Benny Goodman]] one amo laletsa go tsena mo metseletseleng ya bodiragatsi mme mong wa club koo aneng a diragatsa one a gana go baa monwana mo tokomaneng ya tumalano. One a gana go tshameka le setlhopha sa ga [[:en:Jack_Teagarden|Jack Teagarden]] a tlhalosa jalo gore," Go tshameka le [[:en:Big_band|setlhopha se setona]], oitse gore o tshwanetse go diragatsa eng mo lebakeng le le kae, mme ebile ebo ele gone gotlhe? Oaitse fela gore gagona sepe foo.... Kene ke batla go supa gore goa kgonagala go dira matshetshe ka ka katara e, gona le go tshameka seo se tlwaelesegileng' dilo tsa bo Jolly Caballero' jaana wa bona?"<ref>Hall, Alice; Olsher, Dean. "[https://www.npr.org/1997/01/06/1030055/dean-olsher-talks-with-alice-hall Dean Olsher talks with Alice Hall]". NPR. Morning Edition. Retrieved 24September 2026</ref> == Botshelo Morago == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa, Hall one a ikisa sepatela morago ga go nna le kgatelelo ya maikutlo. O tshedile botshelo Jwa Gagwe tshameka katara ,mme ebile gape a thusa ba bangwe ba ba tshamekang jaaka ene.<ref name=":1">Shapiro, Michael (1995). Planet Squeezebox: Accordion Music from Around the World (booklet). Roslyn, New York: Ellipsis Arts. pp. 22–25.</ref> O ile a manega tsebe Friends of the Accordionya mo lekwala dikgang mo Los Angeles<ref>[https://www.accordions.com/index/squ/en_squ_00_06_30.shtml Queen of Jazz Accordion Passes Away".] The Squeeze. Accordions Worldwide. 2000-06-30. Retrieved 24 September 2028</ref> ya ''Friends of the Accordion. Letlhakore la gagwe la'' "What Is This Thing Called Love?" le gatsisitswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano mo kgobokanong ya Planet Squeezebox.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == 45maiclpmgvphz3h7ksyjxg5zk4pcxg 55558 55557 2026-09-24T13:32:36Z VNGao 10152 55558 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Alice_Hall|'''Alice''' '''Hall''']] ( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bosupa go tsena ka ngwaga wa ketepedi, o tshotswe ele ene '''Alice Marie Laquiere''' kwa [[:en:Brussels|Brussels]] mo Belgium) ene ele modiragatsi wa mmino wa jazz.One a ribolola kgatisong ya gagwe ya pele ele pina ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabongwe. == Botshelo Pele == Hall o godiseditswe kwa Detroit mo Michigan, morago ga go fuduga ga ba lelwapa la gagwe. Rraagwe ene ele seopedi mme ke ene a mo rutileng moropa le go dirisa medumo ee farologaneng ya mathale a katara go kgatlhisa moreetsi, mme one a pagama serala le rraagwe. O ne a tshameka mohuta wa jazz wa Europa, chromatic button accordion ka a "finto-piano" piano ee seng ya boammaaruri ka moalo wa ditlhaka oo tshwanang le oo o dirisiwang ke (false piano) Pietro Frosini le Leon Sash. == Tiro == [[:en:Benny_Goodman|Benny Goodman]] one amo laletsa go tsena mo metseletseleng ya bodiragatsi mme mong wa club koo aneng a diragatsa one a gana go baa monwana mo tokomaneng ya tumalano. One a gana go tshameka le setlhopha sa ga [[:en:Jack_Teagarden|Jack Teagarden]] a tlhalosa jalo gore," Go tshameka le [[:en:Big_band|setlhopha se setona]], oitse gore o tshwanetse go diragatsa eng mo lebakeng le le kae, mme ebile ebo ele gone gotlhe? Oaitse fela gore gagona sepe foo.... Kene ke batla go supa gore goa kgonagala go dira matshetshe ka ka katara e, gona le go tshameka seo se tlwaelesegileng' dilo tsa bo Jolly Caballero' jaana wa bona?"<ref>Hall, Alice; Olsher, Dean. "[https://www.npr.org/1997/01/06/1030055/dean-olsher-talks-with-alice-hall Dean Olsher talks with Alice Hall]". NPR. Morning Edition. Retrieved 24September 2026</ref> == Botshelo Morago == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa, Hall one a ikisa sepatela morago ga go nna le kgatelelo ya maikutlo. O tshedile botshelo Jwa Gagwe tshameka katara ,mme ebile gape a thusa ba bangwe ba ba tshamekang jaaka ene.<ref name=":1">Shapiro, Michael (1995). Planet Squeezebox: Accordion Music from Around the World (booklet). Roslyn, New York: Ellipsis Arts. pp. 22–25.</ref> O ile a manega tsebe Friends of the Accordionya mo lekwala dikgang mo Los Angeles<ref>[https://www.accordions.com/index/squ/en_squ_00_06_30.shtml Queen of Jazz Accordion Passes Away".] The Squeeze. Accordions Worldwide. 2000-06-30. Retrieved 24 September 2028</ref> ya ''Friends of the Accordion. Letlhakore la gagwe la'' "What Is This Thing Called Love?" le gatsisitswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano mo kgobokanong ya Planet Squeezebox.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == tqjtdjrjstclvcm688azsdhrbqrhpga 55559 55558 2026-09-24T13:47:14Z VNGao 10152 /* Botshelo Pele */ 55559 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Alice_Hall|'''Alice''' '''Hall''']] ( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bosupa go tsena ka ngwaga wa ketepedi, o tshotswe ele ene '''Alice Marie Laquiere''' kwa [[:en:Brussels|Brussels]] mo Belgium) ene ele modiragatsi wa mmino wa jazz.One a ribolola kgatisong ya gagwe ya pele ele pina ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabongwe. == Botshelo Pele == Hall o godiseditswe kwa Detroit mo Michigan, morago ga go fuduga ga ba lelwapa la gagwe. Rraagwe ene ele seopedi mme ke ene a mo rutileng moropa le go dirisa medumo ee farologaneng ya mathale a katara go kgatlhisa moreetsi, mme one a pagama serala le rraagwe. O ne a tshameka mohuta wa jazz wa Europa, [[:en:Chromatic_button_accordion|chromatic button accordion]] ka a "finto-piano" piano ee seng ya boammaaruri ka moalo wa ditlhaka oo tshwanang le oo o dirisiwang ke (false piano) [[:en:Pietro_Frosini|Pietro Frosini]] le [[:en:Leon_Sash|Leon Sash]]. == Tiro == [[:en:Benny_Goodman|Benny Goodman]] one amo laletsa go tsena mo metseletseleng ya bodiragatsi mme mong wa club koo aneng a diragatsa one a gana go baa monwana mo tokomaneng ya tumalano. One a gana go tshameka le setlhopha sa ga [[:en:Jack_Teagarden|Jack Teagarden]] a tlhalosa jalo gore," Go tshameka le [[:en:Big_band|setlhopha se setona]], oitse gore o tshwanetse go diragatsa eng mo lebakeng le le kae, mme ebile ebo ele gone gotlhe? Oaitse fela gore gagona sepe foo.... Kene ke batla go supa gore goa kgonagala go dira matshetshe ka ka katara e, gona le go tshameka seo se tlwaelesegileng' dilo tsa bo Jolly Caballero' jaana wa bona?"<ref>Hall, Alice; Olsher, Dean. "[https://www.npr.org/1997/01/06/1030055/dean-olsher-talks-with-alice-hall Dean Olsher talks with Alice Hall]". NPR. Morning Edition. Retrieved 24September 2026</ref> == Botshelo Morago == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa, Hall one a ikisa sepatela morago ga go nna le kgatelelo ya maikutlo. O tshedile botshelo Jwa Gagwe tshameka katara ,mme ebile gape a thusa ba bangwe ba ba tshamekang jaaka ene.<ref name=":1">Shapiro, Michael (1995). Planet Squeezebox: Accordion Music from Around the World (booklet). Roslyn, New York: Ellipsis Arts. pp. 22–25.</ref> O ile a manega tsebe Friends of the Accordionya mo lekwala dikgang mo Los Angeles<ref>[https://www.accordions.com/index/squ/en_squ_00_06_30.shtml Queen of Jazz Accordion Passes Away".] The Squeeze. Accordions Worldwide. 2000-06-30. Retrieved 24 September 2028</ref> ya ''Friends of the Accordion. Letlhakore la gagwe la'' "What Is This Thing Called Love?" le gatsisitswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano mo kgobokanong ya Planet Squeezebox.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == sqmkspwbs7hl93vj4uil8kg1w10bxtj 55560 55559 2026-09-24T13:54:52Z VNGao 10152 55560 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Alice_Hall|'''Alice''' '''Hall''']] ( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bosupa go tsena ka ngwaga wa ketepedi, o tshotswe ele ene '''Alice Marie Laquiere''' kwa [[:en:Brussels|Brussels]] mo Belgium) ene ele modiragatsi wa mmino wa jazz.One a ribolola kgatisong ya gagwe ya pele ele pina ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabongwe. == Botshelo Pele == Hall o godiseditswe kwa Detroit mo Michigan, morago ga go fuduga ga ba lelwapa la gagwe. Rraagwe ene ele seopedi mme ke ene a mo rutileng moropa le go dirisa medumo ee farologaneng ya mathale a katara go kgatlhisa moreetsi, mme one a pagama serala le rraagwe. O ne a tshameka mohuta wa jazz wa Europa, [[:en:Chromatic_button_accordion|chromatic button accordion]] ka a "finto-piano" piano ee seng ya boammaaruri ka moalo wa ditlhaka oo tshwanang le oo o dirisiwang ke (false piano) [[:en:Pietro_Frosini|Pietro Frosini]] le [[:en:Leon_Sash|Leon Sash]]. O simolotse go bereka a duelwa ka ale dingwaga di le lesome le boraro fela mo seromamoweng gone mo Detroit. Go re gotle gonne le mafelo ao a tla diragatsang ka one rraagwe one a bula madirelo a marekisetso a bojalwa., e bong the blue star koo aneng aka kgona go mo tlhokomela faa diragatsa. One a simolola kana a tlhama setlhopha sa go opela le monnawe ,Rachel o a neng a tshameka moropa le mehuta ya mathale a katara. Ka nako ya lefatshe ya bobedi bane bale mo di boto tshupentshong jaaka "2 Boys, 2 Girls, Sax, Piano, Accordion, drums." == Tiro == [[:en:Benny_Goodman|Benny Goodman]] one amo laletsa go tsena mo metseletseleng ya bodiragatsi mme mong wa club koo aneng a diragatsa one a gana go baa monwana mo tokomaneng ya tumalano. One a gana go tshameka le setlhopha sa ga [[:en:Jack_Teagarden|Jack Teagarden]] a tlhalosa jalo gore," Go tshameka le [[:en:Big_band|setlhopha se setona]], oitse gore o tshwanetse go diragatsa eng mo lebakeng le le kae, mme ebile ebo ele gone gotlhe? Oaitse fela gore gagona sepe foo.... Kene ke batla go supa gore goa kgonagala go dira matshetshe ka ka katara e, gona le go tshameka seo se tlwaelesegileng' dilo tsa bo Jolly Caballero' jaana wa bona?"<ref>Hall, Alice; Olsher, Dean. "[https://www.npr.org/1997/01/06/1030055/dean-olsher-talks-with-alice-hall Dean Olsher talks with Alice Hall]". NPR. Morning Edition. Retrieved 24September 2026</ref> == Botshelo Morago == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa, Hall one a ikisa sepatela morago ga go nna le kgatelelo ya maikutlo. O tshedile botshelo Jwa Gagwe tshameka katara ,mme ebile gape a thusa ba bangwe ba ba tshamekang jaaka ene.<ref name=":1">Shapiro, Michael (1995). Planet Squeezebox: Accordion Music from Around the World (booklet). Roslyn, New York: Ellipsis Arts. pp. 22–25.</ref> O ile a manega tsebe Friends of the Accordionya mo lekwala dikgang mo Los Angeles<ref>[https://www.accordions.com/index/squ/en_squ_00_06_30.shtml Queen of Jazz Accordion Passes Away".] The Squeeze. Accordions Worldwide. 2000-06-30. Retrieved 24 September 2028</ref> ya ''Friends of the Accordion. Letlhakore la gagwe la'' "What Is This Thing Called Love?" le gatsisitswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano mo kgobokanong ya Planet Squeezebox.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == 9ny96973qyyj1brslcf8jk6qcpuwftq 55561 55560 2026-09-24T13:57:58Z VNGao 10152 /* Tiro */ 55561 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Alice_Hall|'''Alice''' '''Hall''']] ( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bosupa go tsena ka ngwaga wa ketepedi, o tshotswe ele ene '''Alice Marie Laquiere''' kwa [[:en:Brussels|Brussels]] mo Belgium) ene ele modiragatsi wa mmino wa jazz.One a ribolola kgatisong ya gagwe ya pele ele pina ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabongwe. == Botshelo Pele == Hall o godiseditswe kwa Detroit mo Michigan, morago ga go fuduga ga ba lelwapa la gagwe. Rraagwe ene ele seopedi mme ke ene a mo rutileng moropa le go dirisa medumo ee farologaneng ya mathale a katara go kgatlhisa moreetsi, mme one a pagama serala le rraagwe. O ne a tshameka mohuta wa jazz wa Europa, [[:en:Chromatic_button_accordion|chromatic button accordion]] ka a "finto-piano" piano ee seng ya boammaaruri ka moalo wa ditlhaka oo tshwanang le oo o dirisiwang ke (false piano) [[:en:Pietro_Frosini|Pietro Frosini]] le [[:en:Leon_Sash|Leon Sash]]. O simolotse go bereka a duelwa ka ale dingwaga di le lesome le boraro fela mo seromamoweng gone mo Detroit. Go re gotle gonne le mafelo ao a tla diragatsang ka one rraagwe one a bula madirelo a marekisetso a bojalwa., e bong the blue star koo aneng aka kgona go mo tlhokomela faa diragatsa. One a simolola kana a tlhama setlhopha sa go opela le monnawe ,Rachel o a neng a tshameka moropa le mehuta ya mathale a katara. Ka nako ya lefatshe ya bobedi bane bale mo di [[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|boto tshupentshong]] jaaka "2 Boys, 2 Girls, Sax, Piano, Accordion, drums."<ref>[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=5B8EAAAAMBAJ&q=Billboard+music+Yearbook+1943&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Billboard%20music%20Yearbook%201943&f=false Alice Hall's Quartette]" (Magazine). Billboard Music Yearbook. 1943. pp. 164, 195, 198. Retrieved 24 September 2026</ref> == Tiro == [[:en:Benny_Goodman|Benny Goodman]] one amo laletsa go tsena mo metseletseleng ya bodiragatsi mme mong wa club koo aneng a diragatsa one a gana go baa monwana mo tokomaneng ya tumalano. One a gana go tshameka le setlhopha sa ga [[:en:Jack_Teagarden|Jack Teagarden]] a tlhalosa jalo gore," Go tshameka le [[:en:Big_band|setlhopha se setona]], oitse gore o tshwanetse go diragatsa eng mo lebakeng le le kae, mme ebile ebo ele gone gotlhe? Oaitse fela gore gagona sepe foo.... Kene ke batla go supa gore goa kgonagala go dira matshetshe ka ka katara e, gona le go tshameka seo se tlwaelesegileng' dilo tsa bo Jolly Caballero' jaana wa bona?"<ref>Hall, Alice; Olsher, Dean. "[https://www.npr.org/1997/01/06/1030055/dean-olsher-talks-with-alice-hall Dean Olsher talks with Alice Hall]". NPR. Morning Edition. Retrieved 24September 2026</ref> == Botshelo Morago == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa, Hall one a ikisa sepatela morago ga go nna le kgatelelo ya maikutlo. O tshedile botshelo Jwa Gagwe tshameka katara ,mme ebile gape a thusa ba bangwe ba ba tshamekang jaaka ene.<ref name=":1">Shapiro, Michael (1995). Planet Squeezebox: Accordion Music from Around the World (booklet). Roslyn, New York: Ellipsis Arts. pp. 22–25.</ref> O ile a manega tsebe Friends of the Accordionya mo lekwala dikgang mo Los Angeles<ref>[https://www.accordions.com/index/squ/en_squ_00_06_30.shtml Queen of Jazz Accordion Passes Away".] The Squeeze. Accordions Worldwide. 2000-06-30. Retrieved 24 September 2028</ref> ya ''Friends of the Accordion. Letlhakore la gagwe la'' "What Is This Thing Called Love?" le gatsisitswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano mo kgobokanong ya Planet Squeezebox.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == dzw5q28iamfz0gf452e2qtec8sajgj8 55562 55561 2026-09-24T13:59:55Z VNGao 10152 55562 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Alice_Hall|'''Alice''' '''Hall''']] ( o tshotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bosupa go tsena ka ngwaga wa ketepedi, o tshotswe ele ene '''Alice Marie Laquiere''' kwa [[:en:Brussels|Brussels]] mo Belgium) ene ele modiragatsi wa mmino wa jazz.One a ribolola kgatisong ya gagwe ya pele ele pina ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabongwe. == Botshelo Pele == Hall o godiseditswe kwa Detroit mo Michigan, morago ga go fuduga ga ba lelwapa la gagwe. Rraagwe ene ele seopedi mme ke ene a mo rutileng moropa le go dirisa medumo ee farologaneng ya mathale a katara go kgatlhisa moreetsi, mme one a pagama serala<ref>Billard, François (1991). Histoires de l'accordéon. Castelnau-le-Lez, Paris: Climats, Institut national de l'audiovisuel. p. 329. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/2907563408|2907563408]].</ref> le rraagwe. O ne a tshameka mohuta wa jazz wa Europa, [[:en:Chromatic_button_accordion|chromatic button accordion]] ka a "finto-piano" piano ee seng ya boammaaruri ka moalo wa ditlhaka oo tshwanang le oo o dirisiwang ke (false piano) [[:en:Pietro_Frosini|Pietro Frosini]] le [[:en:Leon_Sash|Leon Sash]]. O simolotse go bereka a duelwa ka ale dingwaga di le lesome le boraro fela mo seromamoweng gone mo Detroit. Go re gotle gonne le mafelo ao a tla diragatsang ka one rraagwe one a bula madirelo a marekisetso a bojalwa., e bong the blue star koo aneng aka kgona go mo tlhokomela faa diragatsa. One a simolola kana a tlhama setlhopha sa go opela le monnawe ,Rachel o a neng a tshameka moropa le mehuta ya mathale a katara. Ka nako ya lefatshe ya bobedi bane bale mo di [[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|boto tshupentshong]] jaaka "2 Boys, 2 Girls, Sax, Piano, Accordion, drums."<ref>[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=5B8EAAAAMBAJ&q=Billboard+music+Yearbook+1943&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Billboard%20music%20Yearbook%201943&f=false Alice Hall's Quartette]" (Magazine). Billboard Music Yearbook. 1943. pp. 164, 195, 198. Retrieved 24 September 2026</ref> == Tiro == [[:en:Benny_Goodman|Benny Goodman]] one amo laletsa go tsena mo metseletseleng ya bodiragatsi mme mong wa club koo aneng a diragatsa one a gana go baa monwana mo tokomaneng ya tumalano. One a gana go tshameka le setlhopha sa ga [[:en:Jack_Teagarden|Jack Teagarden]] a tlhalosa jalo gore," Go tshameka le [[:en:Big_band|setlhopha se setona]], oitse gore o tshwanetse go diragatsa eng mo lebakeng le le kae, mme ebile ebo ele gone gotlhe? Oaitse fela gore gagona sepe foo.... Kene ke batla go supa gore goa kgonagala go dira matshetshe ka ka katara e, gona le go tshameka seo se tlwaelesegileng' dilo tsa bo Jolly Caballero' jaana wa bona?"<ref>Hall, Alice; Olsher, Dean. "[https://www.npr.org/1997/01/06/1030055/dean-olsher-talks-with-alice-hall Dean Olsher talks with Alice Hall]". NPR. Morning Edition. Retrieved 24September 2026</ref> == Botshelo Morago == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa, Hall one a ikisa sepatela morago ga go nna le kgatelelo ya maikutlo. O tshedile botshelo Jwa Gagwe tshameka katara ,mme ebile gape a thusa ba bangwe ba ba tshamekang jaaka ene.<ref name=":1">Shapiro, Michael (1995). Planet Squeezebox: Accordion Music from Around the World (booklet). Roslyn, New York: Ellipsis Arts. pp. 22–25.</ref> O ile a manega tsebe Friends of the Accordionya mo lekwala dikgang mo Los Angeles<ref>[https://www.accordions.com/index/squ/en_squ_00_06_30.shtml Queen of Jazz Accordion Passes Away".] The Squeeze. Accordions Worldwide. 2000-06-30. Retrieved 24 September 2028</ref> ya ''Friends of the Accordion. Letlhakore la gagwe la'' "What Is This Thing Called Love?" le gatsisitswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano mo kgobokanong ya Planet Squeezebox.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == ndt1fc2w31eko1hmvcosyhnni9f45ca 0 15238 55563 2026-09-24T14:10:35Z Ngwanana 12523 Created page with "'''DIJO TSA BANA''' [[Setshwantsho:Baby porridge with fresh fennel and potatoes.jpg|thumb|447x447px|dijo tsa bana]] Go le gantsi bomme ba ba nang le masea ba rotloetswa go simolola go neya bana dijo fa ba na le dikgwedi di le thataro,pele g amoo ba tshwanetse go neya bana mašwi a tswang mo letseleng kgotsa mašwi a lorole.Bomme ba masea ba rotloetswa jaalo gonne mala a masea a bona a sa le boletse,ga ise a siamele dijo tse popota.Go na le dikampani tse kgolo jaaka bo..." 55563 wikitext text/x-wiki '''DIJO TSA BANA''' [[Setshwantsho:Baby porridge with fresh fennel and potatoes.jpg|thumb|447x447px|dijo tsa bana]] Go le gantsi bomme ba ba nang le masea ba rotloetswa go simolola go neya bana dijo fa ba na le dikgwedi di le thataro,pele g amoo ba tshwanetse go neya bana mašwi a tswang mo letseleng kgotsa mašwi a lorole.Bomme ba masea ba rotloetswa jaalo gonne mala a masea a bona a sa le boletse,ga ise a siamele dijo tse popota.Go na le dikampani tse kgolo jaaka bo purity tse di dirang dijo tsa bana go ya ka ditatso tse di farologaneng.Go na le tsa ditatso tsa maungo,merogo,tsa tatso ya nama jalo le jalo.Dilo di le mmalwa tse o tshwanetseng go di gakologelwa Dilo di le mmalwa tse o tshwanetseng go di gakologelwa fa o akanya ka dijo tsa masea: Batho ba basha ba ba jang ba tlhoka fela dikgaba di ka nna 1 go ya go di le 2 tsa dijo, ka jalo boloka dikarolo di le dinnye. Ela tlhoko gore a ga a na dialeji, segolobogolo fa o fepa ngwana wa gago dijo tse di nang le dialeji tse di tlwaelegileng. Dilo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di bakang aleji di akaretsa mae, matonkomane, korong, soya, tlhapi le shellfish. Bosupi jo bošwa bo bontsha gore ga go na mosola wa go diega go tsenya dijo tseno go feta dikgwedi di le 6 kgotsa go tsenya dijo ka tatelano epe e e rileng. Mo godimo ga tsotlhe, o se ka wa lebala go ijesa monate! Batho ba bangwe ba rata go ya go ja ditshedi, naga, mafulo, le go fepiwa ka bojang fa go kgonega. Dijo dingwe di ka nna le masalela a mantsi a dibolayasenyi, go akaretsa: diapole,diperekisi,dineketarine,diseteroberi,diterebe,seleri,sepinatšhe,dipepere tse di monate,dikomkomere,ditamati tsa tšheridierekisi tsa snap (tse di tswang kwa ntle)ditapole Fa ngwana a simolola go ja dijo ka dikgwedi di le thataro,motsadi go le gantsi o o mo simolola ka dijo tse di boleta jaaka motogo,potata,mazambane a a thubilweng,moro,maungo a a boleta jaaka panana.Go na le batsadi ba ba kgethang go direla bana ba bona dijo go na ale gore ba reke mabotlolo a purity.Nngwe ya ditsela tsa go dira '''dijo tsa bana''' ka mo ntlong fa o le motsadi latelang: Ditaelo: Hlapa diatla tsa gago mmogo le dijo tsa masea tse o tlileng go di apaya.Ebola le go tlosa dipeo dipe.Apeya go fitlhela di nna bonolo le go nna bonolo.Di emele gore di tsidifale mme morago o di thuge go fitlhela di tlhakane sentle le go nna bonolo. O se ka wa tswaka dijo tsa masea ka gonne masea ga a ise a tlwaele dijo tse di nang le tatso e e farologaneng. == DITSHUPISO == # https://www.eatright.org/health/pregnancy/babys-first-foods/how-to-make-homemade-baby-food # https://homesteadingfamily.com/homemade-baby-food/ # https://www.healthline.com/health/childrens-health/homemade-baby-food-recipes [[Karolo:Homemade]] [[Karolo:Baby food]] nv8t5q5yi1thx8m1fi1fgi3f60c5ux6 0 15239 55564 2026-09-24T14:17:55Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366523411|Hallie Beachem Brooks]]" 55564 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hallie Beachem Brooks''' (O tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete.makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa(1907 -1985) e ne e le mongwe yo o tumileng wa African-American wa motlhokomedi wa motlobo wa dibuka, morutabana, ebile e le motlhatlhaledi wa thuto yo itse go bala le go kwala le ditšhono tsa thuto tsa Ma-Afrika-Maamerika. E ne e le maitsaanape wa motlobo wa dibuka kwa Sekolong se setona sa Atlanta, a gatisa dikakgelo di le dintsi tsa dibuka, mme a ruta baithuti ba motlobo wa dibuka ba Maaforika kwa Amerika. == Thuto == Brooks o ne a bona setlankana sa ikatiso ya motlobo wa dibuka wa wa sechana wa lefatshe la Indiana ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bone(1924). <ref name="aubulletin">{{Cite web |title=The Atlanta University Bulletin |url=http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1074&context=aucatalogs}}</ref> O ne a bona dithuto tsa gagwe tsa AB kwa [[:en:Butler_University|Butler University]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bone (1934) le dithuto tsa BLS kwa [[:en:Columbia_University|Columbia University]] ka ngwaag wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane (1940). <ref name="aubulletin" /> Brooks o amogetse MA ya gagwe kwa [[:en:University_of_Chicago|University of Chicago]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borataro (1946) <ref name="tgl50">{{Cite journal |last=Woodson |first=Almeta Gould |date=1991 |title=Fifty Years of Service |journal=The Georgia Librarian |issue=Fall}}</ref> ka patlisiso e e bidiwang "A description of Negro news-stand magazines and an analysis of the contents of a selected number of Negro magazines".". == Tiro == Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bobedi (1942(, Brooks o ne a tsena kwa Atlanta university e le leloko la lephata la nakwana. <ref name="tgl50" /> Gape ka nako eo e ne e le modiri wa motlobo wa dibuka kwa Sekolong se se Potlana sa Laboratory Elementary School mme o ne a ikwadisa jaaka moithuti wa selemo kwa University of Chicago. <ref name="aubulletin" /> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bobedi (1942) go ya go sekete.makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bone (1944), o ne a kaela thulaganyo ya tirelo ya tshimo ya motlobo wa dibuka e e neng e thusiwa ka madi ke Carnegie Corporation, e e neng e neela metlobo ya dibuka ya kgaolo ya borwa ditsompelo le ditherisano tse di neng di batla go tokafatsa tsela e di neng di akaretsa le go direla batho ba Maaforika a kwa Amerika ka yone. <ref name="encyc">{{Cite book |last=Kent |first=Allen |date=1969 |title=Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, Volume 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kauItn1mh6QC&q=%22Hallie+Beachem+Brooks%22&pg=PA83 |last2=Lancour |first2=Harold |publisher=Marcel Dekker Ltd |isbn=9780824720025 |location=New York}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borataro (1946), o ne a tlhatlosiwa go ya kwa maemong a nako e e tletseng kwa Atlanta University.. <ref name="tgl50" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borobabongwe (1948), o ne a tlhatlhosiwa go nna mothusa maitsaanape. <ref name="tgl50" /> Mo godimo ga go ruta, o ne a tswelela a berekela Dikolo tse di Potlana tsa Laboratory Elementary Schools, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bobedi (1952), e ne e le Motlhokomedi wa motlobo wa dibuka koo. <ref name="1952bull">{{Cite web |title=The Atlanta University Bulletin |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/30605354.pdf |access-date=April 19, 2018}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bone (1954), Brooks o ne a ya go ikhutsa, mme a dirisa nako nngwe ya gagwe go etela le go ithuta mo metlobong ya dibuka le mo metšhineng ya go gatisa ya Yuropa. <ref name="tgl50" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bosupa (1957), o ne a tlhatlhosiwa go nna moitsaanape yo o thusang. <ref name="tgl50" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe (1959), Brooks o ne a tlhatlhosiwa go nna maitsaanape. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano ( 1965), Brooks o ne a rulaganya pego ya bokopano e e neng e na le setlhogo se se reng The role of the library in improving education in the South. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977), Brooks o ne a tlogela go berekala kwa Atlanta University morago ga dingwaga di le masome le bosupa tsa tipereko. <ref name="tgl50" /> <ref name="retirement">{{Cite web |title=Atlanta University - Program Brochures |url=http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/aaed/do:aarl90.005-003-071}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro (1983), o ne a neelwa maemo a Emerita. <ref name="tgl50" /> == Boswa == Lephata ya maranyane a motlobo wa dibuka la sekolo sa Atlanta Uviversity nako le nako le aba thuso ya madi a go ithuta go mo tlotla. <ref name="caucc">{{Cite web |title=Clark Atlanta University 2004-2006 Graduate Catalog |url=http://www.cau.edu/registrar/_includes/files/grad-catalog-2004-2006.pdf |website=Clark Atlanta University}}</ref> == Dikgatiso == ** ''A description of Negro news-stand magazines and an analysis of the contents of a selected number of Negro magazines.'' MA Thesis. 1946. ** ''The role of the library in improving education in the South; papers''. 1965: Atlanta University. (OCoLC)609447924 ** ''Lovers of Freedom Will Be Free''. Book Review, "Amos Fortune, Free Man by Elizabeth Yates; Stories of the Underground Railroad by Anna L. Curtis". ''[[:en:Phylon|Phylon]]'', Vol. 12, No. 1, 1951. DOI: 10.2307/272330 ** ''Play Songs of the Deep South by Altona Trent Johns''. Book Review. ''Phylon'', Vol. 6, No. 2 (2nd Qtr, 1945), p.&#x20;193 ** ''Notes of a Native Son by James Baldwin''. Book Review. ''Phylon'', Vol. 21, No. 3 (3rd Qtr., 1960), pp.&#x20;296–297 ** ''Meet North Africa by John Gunther, Sam Epstein, Beryl Epstein''. Book Review. ''The Phylon Quarterly'', Vol. 19, No. 2 (2nd Qtr, 1958), p.&#x20;237 ** ''The First Book of Negroes by Langston Hughes''. Book Review. ''Phylon'', Vol. 14, No. 3 (3rd Qtr, 1953), pp.&#x20;343–344 ** ''A Look down the Lonesome Road: What a Liberal Living amid Segregationists Can Do, Say and Accomplish by Ralph Creger, Erwin McDonald''. Book Review. ''Phylon'', Vol. 25, No. 4 (4th Qtr, 1964), pp.&#x20;414–415 ** ''Belafonte: An Unauthorized Biography by Arnold Shaw''. Book Review. ''Phylon'', Vol. 21, No. 3 (3rd Qtr, 1960), pp.&#x20;294–296 ** [http://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/cdm/ref/collection/LAohr/id/237 Oral History Interview], recording of Hallie Beachem Brooks by E. Bernard West. == Ditshupiso == 642cxoe2lps1viou5t72zamkloyr2ca 0 15240 55565 2026-09-24T14:37:25Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Ainehi Edoro #BLT2026 55565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Ainehi Edoro|birth_date=Morule a le lesome le motso|birth_place=Akure [[Nigeria]]|education=Duke University|occupation=Mokwadi, motshwaya diphoso, moithuti|known for=Motlhami wa Brittle Paper}} '''Ainehi Edoro''' ( o o tshotsweng ka Morule a le lesome le motso)<ref name=":1">[https://brittlepaper.com/2017/12/happy-birthday-ainehi-edoro-brittle-papers-founder-editor/ "Happy Birthday to Ainehi Edoro, Founder and Editor of Brittle Paper".] ''Brittle Paper''. 12 December 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2026</ref> ke mokwadi, motshwaya diphoso, le moithuti wa kwa [[Nigeria]]. Ke motlhami le mogatisi wa kgatiso ya malatsi otlhe ya maranyane ya dikwalo tsa mo [[Aferika|Aforika]] ya Brittle Paper. O bereka e le mothusa motlhatlhelela dithuto wa Global Black Literatures kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Wisconsin-Madison.<ref name=":2">[https://brittlepaper.com/2018/06/ainehi-edoro-to-leave-marquette-university-for-dual-appointment-at-university-of-winscosin-madison/ "Ainehi Edoro to Leave Marquette University for Dual Appointment at University of Wisconsin-Madison".] ''Brittle Paper''. 4 June 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2026</ref> O dira dipatlisiso ka dikinane tsa motlha wa gompieno, dipadi mo maranyaneng, dibuka tsa puo ya sekgowa, dipadi tsa Aforika, dikinane tsa sesha tsa Britain, sepolotiki le dithuto ka matshelo a batho mo maranyaneng.<ref>[https://brittlepaper.com/contact/ "Contact Us".] ''Brittle Paper''. Retrieved 24 September 2026</ref> == Botshelo jwa a sale mmotlana le thuto == Edoro o tsholetswe kwa Akure, Nigeriam,a golela kwa toropong ya Benin City.<ref>[https://www.thejournalist.org.za/contributor/ainehi-edoro/ "Einehi Edoro".] ''The Journalist''. 23 February 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2026</ref> Fa a ithutela doctorate ya gagwe kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Duke University, Edoro o ne a tlhama Brittle Paper.<ref name=":1" /> Go fitlhelela ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi, e ne e le mothusa motlhatlhelela dithuto kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Marquette University. Dikgatlhego tsa gagwe di ikaegile ka dipadi tsa Aforika tse di itlhametsweng.<ref name=":2" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180718124335/http://www.marquette.edu/english/Edoro.shtml "AINEHI EDORO"]. Marquette University. Archived from [https://www.marquette.edu/english/Edoro.shtml the original] on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2026</ref> == Tsa pereko == Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi, Edoro o ne a tlhama Bitlle Paper, sekhutlwana sa dipadi tsa Aforika sa mo maranyaneng. Fa tlhalosa gore go tsile jang gore a tle ka leina le fa a bua le Jennifer Emelife, o ne a tlhalosa jaana: "go kgagoga motlhofo ga pampiri go tsamaelana le go sa nnele ruri ga dipadi le dikakanyo mo maranyaneng...Brittle Paper ke ka go kwala botshelo jwa mekwalo mo maranyaneng".<ref>Emilife, Jennifer (31 July 2017). [https://praxismagonline.com/ "Brittle Paper at 7-Interview with Founder, Ainehi Edoro".] ''Praxis Magazine''. Retrieved 24 September 2026</ref> Go ya ka Edoro,,go tlhoka go kgotsofala mo go abelaneng dikakanyo tsa gagwe ka padi le batho ba ba mo tikologong ya gagwe ba barutegi ke gone mo go bakileng gore a simolole go kwala, le fa go ntse jalo o ne a supa fa maikaelelo a gagwe e ne e le go tsosolosa dikinane tsa Aforika le ngwao ya go bala".<ref>Osofisan, Sola (1 February 2015). [https://www.africanwriter.com/interview-with-ainehi-edoro-founder-of-brittlepaper-com/ "Interview with Ainehi Edoro, Founder of BrittlePaper.com".] ''African Writer''. Retrieved 24 September 2026</ref> Edoro ke mo tsaya karolo wa mokwadi mo Africa is a Country, e e leng lefelo mo maranyaneng le go ntshiwang maikutlo, go sekasekiwa go bo go kwalwa.<ref>[https://africasacountry.com/about "About Us".] ''africasacountry.com''. Retrieved 24 September 2026</ref> == Dingangisano == Ka Moranang ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi, mothusa mokwadi wa brittle Paper, Otosirieze Obi-Young, a emisa go berekela kgatiso ka ntlha ya ngangisano ya bokwadi. Dikwalo tsa semmuso tse di ntshitsweng ga di a tlhapa ebile di farologanan ka gore a o ithotse tiro kgotsa o kobilwe.<ref name=":3">Edoro, Ainehi (15 April 2020). [https://brittlepaper.com/2020/04/statement-on-the-departure-of-brittle-papers-former-deputy-editor/ "Statement on the Departure of Brittle Paper's Former Deputy Editor]". ''Brittle Paper''.</ref><ref name=":4">Otosirieze (15 April 2020). [https://otosirieze.com/statement-on-leaving-brittle-paper/ "Statement on Leaving Brittle Paper".] ''otosirieze.com''.</ref> Kgotlhang e ne e le ka dipaakanyo tse di neng di ka diriwa mo polelong ka ga Hadiza Isma El-Rufai, mokwadi wa dibuka le mosadi wa mookamedi wa Kaduna Mallam Nasir El-Rufai. Hadiza Isma El-Rufai o ne a tsere lotlhakore lwa morwae fa a ne a tshosetsa go tsaya dikobo ka dikgoka le ba bangwe mo mosetsaneng om maranyaneng a Twitter fa go omanwa mo maranyaneng ao, a re "o tla roba se o se jwetseng. Tsotlhe di siame mo loratong le ntwa"<ref>Ogundipe, Samuel (13 April 2020). [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/387581-outrage-as-el-rufais-son-threatens-to-gang-rape-twitter-users-mother.html?tztc=1 "Outrage as El-Rufai's son threatens to gang rape Twitter user's mother"]. [[:en:Premium_Times|''Premium Times''.]]</ref> fa a bolelelwa ka dikakgelo tsa ga morwae, pele ga a ikopa maitshwarelo morago.<ref>Ogundipe, Samuel (13 April 2020). [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/387730-hadiza-el-rufai-apologises-denounces-sons-pro-rape-tweet.html "Hadiza El-Rufai apologises, denounces son's pro-rape Tweet".] [[:en:Premium_Times|''Premium Times''.]]</ref> Mokwadi le mothusi wa gagwe ba Brittle Paper ba ne ba seka ba kgona go dumalana ka dipaakanyo tsa se se tsenngwang mo Brittle Paper, ka jalo e ne ya boelwa morago, e setswe morago ke mafoko a makhutshwane. Letsatsi le le latelang, Obi-Young o ne a tsosa manganga mo maranyaneng ka mafoko a phatlalatsa a neng a a tsenya mo maranyaneng ao. Mafoko a ne a akaretsa go supa Brittle Paper ka monwana mo go neng go sa rurifadiwa,<ref name=":4" /> mme a tsosa tlhatlharuane mo Twitter. Mokwadi wa Brittle Ppaer o ne a tsibogela manganga a ka mafoko a a kwadilweng ka Moranang a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi, a mo go one o ne a ganana le mafoko a. Fa a tsibogela mafoko a ga Obi-Youn mokwadui wa Brittle Paper ne a supa ditiragalo tsa dingwaga di le lesome tsa go kwala kgotsa go bua ka dikgang tse di manganga, ba ema nokeng dikgang tsa bomme, le go ema kgatlhanong le go kgabetsa.<ref name=":3" /> == Dikgatiso == * "Achebe's Evil Forest: Space, Violence, and Order in Things Fall Apart Journal of Postcolonial Enquiry", pampiri ya tshekatsheko morago ga bokolone, Moranang ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>Edoro-Glines, Ainehi (April 2018). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-journal-of-postcolonial-literary-inquiry/article/achebes-evil-forest-space-violence-and-order-in-things-fall-apart/D3D30FA93984A8E22E8B4331C1A955DF "Achebe's Evil Forest: Space, Violence, and Order in Things Fall Apart".] ''The Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry''. '''5''' (2): 176–192. doi:10.1017/pli.2017.55. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]][https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:2052-2614 &nbsp;2052-2614]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b94830e8e7ca779a3ff34e70146d7c6b87c5f659 187656639.]</ref> * "How Not to talk about African fiction", The Guardian, Moranang a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro * "Gods of Fiction: African Writers and the Fantasy of Power", Africa is a Country. * "Africa is a Country in Wakanda", Africa is a Country. == Dietsele == Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi, Edoro o ne a le mo lenaaneng la OkayAfrica la bomme ba le lekgolo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211014191751/https://100women.okayafrica.com/media-1/2018/2/28/ainehi-edoro-glines "Ainehi Edoro-Glines".] ''OKAYAFRICA's 100 WOMEN''. Archived from [https://100women.okayafrica.com/media-1/2018/2/28/ainehi-edoro-glines the original] on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2026</ref> O ne a tlhagelela gape e le mongwe wa bomme ba Nigeria ba ba nang le thotloetso e e kwa godimo ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro mo Guardian.<ref>Bilen-Onabanjo, Sinem (3 December 2016). [https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/five-most-influential-nigerian-women-of-2016/ "Five most influential Nigerian women of 2016".] ''[[:en:The_Guardian_(Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Lagos. Retrieved 24 September 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro, dibuka tsa gagwe di ne di gatisitswe mo pampiring ya dikgang ya kwa Britain, The Guardian, kwa a neng a etse tlhoko tlhaolele mo bakwading ba Aforika mo go diriwang ke ba bangwe mo mohameng wa go kwala.<ref>Edoro, Ainehi (6 April 2016). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/apr/06/how-not-to-talk-about-african-fiction "How not to talk about African fiction".] ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 24 September 2206.</ref> Ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi, Edoro e ne e le moatlhodi o o eteletseng pele kgaisano ya go kwala ya GTBank.<ref>[https://theeagleonline.com.ng/decade-old-story-wins-gtbanks-dusty-manuscript-contest/ "Decade old story wins GTBank's Dusty Manuscript Contest".] ''The Eagle Online''. 21 June 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2026</ref> Ke ene gape o o itsiseng mofenyi wa ngwaga wa mokwadi wa Aforika mo Brittle Paper.<ref>[https://www.pulse.ng/story/lola-shoneyin-nigerian-author-named-literary-person-of-the-year-2024080106073771739 "Nigerian author named Literary Person of the Year"]. ''Pulse Nigeria''. 28 March 2018.</ref> == Metswedi == et9dwml5o3fe3ludil5fatwb1c3g240 0 15241 55566 2026-09-24T15:08:22Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1266249390|Chloe Brown]]" 55566 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chloe Brown''' ke morutabana wa nako e telele mo kgaolong ya dikolo tsa sechaba tsa Tulsa ([[:en:Tulsa_Public_Schools|Tulsa Public Schools]]), yo e neng e le morutabana wa ntlha wa Moafrika-Amerika kwa [[:en:Eliot_Elementary_School|Eliot Elementary School]]. Motho wa Ntlha wa Moafrika wa kwa Moamerika yo o Kgethegileng mo go Baleng mo Dikolong Tsa Puso Tsa Jenks. Ke leloko le le matlhagatlhaga la sechaba sa Tulsa, o ithaopela go ruta bana ba ba se nang magae, go aba dijo le go thusa basadi ba ba mo mathateng. Badiredi kwa Kgolegelong ya Turley. Brown o tlhomile The Chloe House ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), legae la go thusa basadi ba ba sa tlholeng ba le mo maemong a bone le le ba nayang bonno, katiso ya go bona ditiro, le didiriswa tsa go ba thusa go boela mo sechabeng. Gape ke moruti yo o nang le tleselesto mme o ne a tsenngwa mo mokgathong wa [[:en:Oklahoma_Women's_Hall_of_Fame|Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011). Chloe le monna wa gagwe e bong Doug ke bagakolodi ba ba thusang batho ba ba tlhokafaletsweng le ba ba thusang batho ba ba mo lenyalong. == Botshelo jwa pele == Chloe L. Brown o tsholetswe kwa Tulsa, kwa Oklahoma mme o goletse kwa Kgaolong e e tumileng ya Greenwood . Kereke e ne ya nna le seabe se setona ka nako ya fa a ne a le ngwana, ka rraagwe e ne e le moruti mme o ne a tla tshwara ditirelo tsa kereke kwa legaeng la bone. Mmaagwe Brown o ne a tsaya thuto e le botlhokwa thata mme o ne a dira gore bana ba gagwe ba tseye setheo seno se le botlhokwa ka go lekana. Go tswa mo tlhotlheletsong eno ya ntlha, Brown o ne a ikemiseditse go nna le morutabana mme a nna le lorato lwa ntlha lwa tiro eo. Sekolo sa ntlha se Brown a neng a tsena kwa go sone e ne e le [https://web.archive.org/web/20151215020258/http://burroughs.tulsa.schooldesk.net/ sa Motheo sa John Burroughs] . Ya ga Brown e ne e le setlhopha sa ntlha go kopanya John Burroughs, le fa a se na dikgakologelo tse di sa siamang tse di tlhamaletseng tsa dikamano tse di sa siamang tsa merafe. Brown o ne a feleletsa a alogile kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Booker T. Washington mme a tswelela go bona dikirii ya gagwe ya ntlha ya thuto kwa [[:en:Langston_University|Langston University]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le botlhano (1975). Brown e ne e le wa ntlha mo lwapeng la gagwe go aloga kwa sekolong. <ref name="Oral History Project">{{Cite journal |last=Nykolaiszyn |first=Juliana |date=January 3, 2012 |title=Oral history interview with Chloe Brown |url=https://cdm17279.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/halloffame/id/95/rec/6 |journal=Inductees of the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame Oral History Project |access-date=1 August 2022}}</ref> Gape Brown o na le dithutego tsa master's degree mo go tsa Tsamaiso ya Thuto ya Motheo go tswa kwa [[:en:Northeastern_State_University|Northeastern State University]] == Tiro == Brown o ne a ruta setlhopha sa gagwe sa ntlha kwa Sekolong se se Potlana sa Cooper le Dr. Joann Bell. Moragonyana, Brown e ne e le morutabana wa ntlha wa Moaforika kwa Amerika kwa Sekolong se se Potlana sa Eliot kwa Tulsa, e leng sengwe sa dikolo tse di potlana tse di neng di tsena mo [https://web.archive.org/web/20150626152604/https://www.casciahall.org/Default.aspx Cascia Hall] le [https://web.archive.org/web/20150626113800/https://www.montecassino.org/site/sections/1 Monte Cassino] . Fa a sena go fetsa dingwaga di le mmalwa kwa Eliot, Brown o ne a fudugela kwa North Dallas ka nakwana mme a ruta koo dingwaga di le tharo. Fa a boela kwa Tulsa, Brown o ne a tlhatlhosiwa go nna mo maemong a botsamaisi, mme ka bonako fela morago ga moo o ne a boela kwa phaposing ya rutelong ka boitumelo morago ga nako ya gagwe e khutshwane mo botsamaisi mme o ruta kwa Sekolong se se Potlana sa McClure. Kwa ntle ga phaposi ya borutelo, Brown o ne a bona lorato lwa go thusa batho ba ba se nang magae mme segolobogolo, go tsosolosa basadi ba ba tshwerweng. Brown le monna wa gagwe ba ne ba tlhama Chloe House ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), legae la phetogo le le neng la thusa go kopanngwa gape ga basadi ba ba tshwerweng mo sechbeng ka go ba tlamela ka matlo le katiso ya go bona tiro. Gape ke leloko la lafelo la Bokeresete la Greenwood e bile ke moruti yo o nang le teseletso . <ref name="OK women hall of fame 2011">{{Cite web |title=2011 Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame |url=http://www.ok.gov/ocsw/Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame/2011_Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221161653/http://www.ok.gov/ocsw/Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame/2011_Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame/ |archive-date=21 February 2015 |access-date=24 June 2015 |publisher=Oklahoma Commission on the Status of Women}}</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ele masome a mabedi le bosupa, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le le lesome le borataro (2016), Chloe L. Brown o ne a simolola semmuso letsholo la gagwe la khuduthamaga ya Dikolo tsa Sechaba tsa Tulsa District 2, a ikana go tlisa maitemogelo a gagwe a dingwaga di le masome a mane le bone go tswa mo tirong ya botshelo jotlhe ya go ruta bana ba Tulsa le go ba neela maatla a go nna baithuti ba botshelo jotlhe. "Gone jaanong bana ba rona le barutabana ba tlhoka boeteledipele mo khuduthamageng ya rona ya sekolo go tswa mo barutabaneng ba ba nang le maitemogelo. Mo lobakeng lwa tiro ya me ya dingwaga di le masome a mane le bone mo thutong ya sechaba, ke rutile mo dikolong tse di farologaneng go ralala Tulsa. Ke itse ka bonna ditlhoko tsa motheo tsa bana ba rona, mmogo le didirisiwa tsa botlhokwa tse barutabana ba rona ba di tlhokang go ba neela maatla. “Ke tlaa lwela bana ba rona le barutabana letsatsi le letsatsi.” Letsatsi la ditlhopho ke Labobedi, kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le lesome le bone, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017). == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 1xsbr6li99elbhlcndcnbopqlsn5ups 0 15242 55567 2026-09-24T15:24:53Z JudithShe 9421 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372349875|Simon Gikandi]]" 55567 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Simon E. Gikandi''' (o o tshotsweng ka Lwetse a le masome a mararo ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro) ke motlhatlheleladithuto wa dipadi le moithuti wa morago ga motlha wa bokolone o o tlholegang kwa Kenya . Ke motlhatlheleladithuto tsa Sekgowa gape e le mookamedi wa lephata la sekgowa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Princeton wa setlhopha sa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le boraro. <ref name="PrincetonBio25">{{Cite web |title=Simon Gikandi {{!}} Department of English |url=https://english.princeton.edu/people/simon-gikandi |access-date=June 12, 2025 |website=english.princeton.edu}}</ref> O ka tswa a itsege thata ka go kwala mmogo le Abiola Irele wa The Cambridge History of African and Caribbean Literature. ( le Abiola Irele ) wa ''Hisitori ya Cambridge ya Dikwalo tsa Aforika le tsa Caribbean'' . O dirile tiro e e botlhokwa gape mo pading ya Aforika o mosha, a na le bakwadi ba dipadi ba ba tumileng thata ba Aforika ebong: Chinua Achebe le Ngugi wa Thiong'o. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe o ne a nna tautona wa lekgotla la Modern language Association. == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Gikandi o tsholetswe mo lewapeng la Sekeresete kwa Nyeri, Kenya . O ne a aloga ka BA [ maemo a ntlha] mo pading kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Nairobi. E ne e le moithuti o o thusiwang ka tsa madi a sekolo ke British Council kwa sekolong se segolwane sa University of Edinburgh kwa Scotland kwa a neng a aloga ka M.Litt mo dthutong tsa Sekgowa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scholarships {{!}} British Council |url=https://www.britishcouncil.in/study-uk/scholarships |access-date=2016-10-11 |website=www.britishcouncil.in}}</ref> O na le Ph.D ya Sekgoa go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Northwestern University.<ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> O dira ditshekatsheko thata le go ruta ka dikwalo tsa Sekgoa le ngwao ya Aforika, India, the Caribbean le Britain mograo ga bokolone, Atlantic ya batho bantsho, le ma Aforika ka bophara. O na le kgatlhego gape mo kamanong ya dipuo tsa kwa Yuropa le tsa Aforika mo nakong ya gompieno, dipadi le ditshwanelo tsa setho, le polotiki ya go kwala le ngwao. == Tsa pereko == Gikandi ke mokwadi wa ditsebe le dibuka di le dintsi, di akaretsa le ''Writing in Limbo: Modernism and Caribbean Literature, Maps of Englishness:Writing Identity in the Culture of Colonialism'' (Kgatiso ya Cornell University, ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bobedi), <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gikandi |first=Simon |date=1992-01-01 |title=Writing in Limbo: Modernism and Caribbean Literature |url=https://archive.org/details/writinginlimbomo00gika |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=9780801425752 |language=en |url-access=registration}}</ref> le ''Ngugi wa Thiong'o'' (Kgatiso ya Cambridge University Press, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe), <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gikandi |first=Simon |date=2009-09-03 |title=Ngugi Wa Thiong'o |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WDTEgVgNFWQC |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521119016 |language=en}}</ref> e e neng e le kgatiso e e gaisitseng ya thuto ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, ke mokwadi gape wa The Columbia Guide to East African Literature in English Since 1945 (Kgatiso ya Columbia University Press ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa).2004, mme ke mokwadi-mmogo wa ''Kaedi ya Columbia ya Dikwalo tsa Aforika Botlhaba ka Seesemane Fa e sale ka 1945'' (Kgatiso ya Yunibesithi ya Columbia, 2007). <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gikandi |first=Simon |date=2016-10-11 |title=The Columbia Guide to East African Literature in English Since 1945 |url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-columbia-guide-to-east-african-literature-in-english-since-1945/9780231125208 |last2=Mwangi |first2=Evan |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=9780231500647}}</ref> Tsebe ya gagwe ya, "Picasso, Africa, and the Schemata of Difference" (ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro) e gakolola ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano di le fa gare fa Pablo Picasso a kopana le Aubrey Williams, "leloko le le kwa pele mo go ntshafatseng Africa le batho bantsho Gikandi ke morulaganyi wa ''The Cambridge History of African and Caribbean Literature (''kgatiso ya Cambridge University Press'','' ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone'')'' <ref>{{Cite book |date=2000 |title=The Cambridge History of African and Caribbean Literature edited by F. Abiola Irele |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/the-cambridge-history-of-african-and-caribbean-literature/1B9F2963235BC68CB3CA5EA6D534AC60 |work=Cambridge Core |isbn=978-1-139-05463-8 |editor-last=Irele |editor-first=F. Abiola |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521832755 |access-date=2016-10-11 |editor-last2=Gikandi |editor-first2=Simon}}</ref> gape ke morulaganyi wa ''Routledge Encyclopedia of African literature'' (Routledge, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro). [http://www.abebooks.com/book-search/title/the-routledge-encyclopedia-of-african-literature/] Buka ya gagwe ya mo bošeng ke ya ''Slavery and the Culture of Taste'' (Kgatiso ya University of Princeton, ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso). <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2014 |title=Gikandi, S.: Slavery and the Culture of Taste (eBook and Paperback). |url=http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9583.html |access-date=2016-10-11 |website=press.princeton.edu}}</ref> Mokwalo o, o ne wa akgolwa thata, wa iponela dietsele tsa thuto di le dintsi. Ga jaana o rulaganya kgatiso ya lesome le motso (Vol. 11) ya ''The Oxford History of the Novel in English: The Novel in Africa and the Atlantic World''. Go simolola ka ngwaga wa wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le motso go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, Gikandi o ne a ruta kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Univesrity of Michigan-Ann Arbor, e le leloko la barutintshi mo lephateng la Comparative Literature . O simolotse go ruta kwa Princeton ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, e le leloko la barutintshi mo lephateng la sekgowa. Gikandi gape o nnile mo maemong kwa sekolong sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Massachussetts-boston(ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bosupa - go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le motso), Harvard University (ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe -go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe), le kwa California State University- Bakersfield (go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borataro-o tsena masome a robabobedi le bosupa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bio {{!}} Faculty History Project |url=http://um2017.org/faculty-history/faculty/simon-gikandi/bio |access-date=2016-10-11 |website=um2017.org}}</ref> == Dietsele le ditlotla == Gikandi ke moamogedi wa dietsele le ditlotla di le mmalwa, di akaretsa tse di latelang: * Lekgotla la Amerian Council of Learned Societies e le moithuti ( ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobdi le borobabongwe ) <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * Ithutelo ditiro kwa Guggenheim (ngwaga wa dikete pedi le motso ) <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * ''Slavery and The Culture of taste'' (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso) ** Mofenyi, dietsele tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa lesome le bone (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi) tsa Susanne M. Glasscock Humanities Book Prize for Interdisciplinary Scholarship, Melbern G. Glasscock Center for Humanities Research kwa Texas A&M University ** Mofenyi wa seetsele sa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome lebobedi sa James Rusell Lowell, ka lekgotla la Modern language Association, a se pataganetse le o mongwe ** Mofenyi wa seetsele sa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi sa Herskovits, sa lekgotla la African Studies ** Maemo a a kwa godimo a Choice mo thutong ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi * Seetsele sa ga tautona sa go ruta ga maemo a ntlha, kwa Princeton University (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * Seetsele sa ga Howard T. Behrman sa gofitlhelela ga maemo a a kwa godimo mo dithutong tsa setho, University of Princeton (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa) <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * Moithuti, Sekolo American Academy of Arts and Sciences (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Simon E. Gikandi |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/simon-e-gikandi |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * Mothusi wa Sekolo British Academy (ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi ) <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> == Dibuka tse di tlhophilweng == * ''Reading the African Novel'' (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1987). * ''Reading Chinua Achebe'' (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1991). * ''Writing in Limbo: Modernism and Caribbean Literature'' (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992). == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 1ux6fpxpt7325enfqgnz23n18vrjtyk 55568 55567 2026-09-24T15:28:55Z JudithShe 9421 Ke baakantse thanolo ya tsebe ya ga Simon Gikandi #BLT2026 55568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Simon Gikandi|birth_date=Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa 1960|birth_place=Nyeri [[Kenya]]|education=University of Nairobi University of Edinburgh|occupation=Morutintshi le moithuti}}'''Simon E. Gikandi''' (o o tshotsweng ka Lwetse a le masome a mararo ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro) ke motlhatlheleladithuto wa dipadi le moithuti wa morago ga motlha wa bokolone o o tlholegang kwa [[Kenya]] . Ke motlhatlheleladithuto tsa Sekgowa gape e le mookamedi wa lephata la sekgowa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Princeton wa setlhopha sa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le boraro. <ref name="PrincetonBio25">{{Cite web |title=Simon Gikandi {{!}} Department of English |url=https://english.princeton.edu/people/simon-gikandi |access-date=June 12, 2025 |website=english.princeton.edu}}</ref> O ka tswa a itsege thata ka go kwala mmogo le Abiola Irele wa The Cambridge History of African and Caribbean Literature. ( le Abiola Irele ) wa ''Hisitori ya Cambridge ya Dikwalo tsa Aforika le tsa Caribbean'' . O dirile tiro e e botlhokwa gape mo pading ya Aforika o mosha, a na le bakwadi ba dipadi ba ba tumileng thata ba Aforika ebong: [[Chinua Achebe]] le [[Ngugi wa Thiong'o.]] Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe o ne a nna tautona wa lekgotla la Modern language Association. == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Gikandi o tsholetswe mo lewapeng la Sekeresete kwa Nyeri, Kenya . O ne a aloga ka BA [ maemo a ntlha] mo pading kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Nairobi. E ne e le moithuti o o thusiwang ka tsa madi a sekolo ke British Council kwa sekolong se segolwane sa University of Edinburgh kwa Scotland kwa a neng a aloga ka M.Litt mo dthutong tsa Sekgowa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scholarships {{!}} British Council |url=https://www.britishcouncil.in/study-uk/scholarships |access-date=2016-10-11 |website=www.britishcouncil.in}}</ref> O na le Ph.D ya Sekgoa go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Northwestern University.<ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> O dira ditshekatsheko thata le go ruta ka dikwalo tsa Sekgoa le ngwao ya Aforika, India, the Caribbean le Britain mograo ga bokolone, Atlantic ya batho bantsho, le ma Aforika ka bophara. O na le kgatlhego gape mo kamanong ya dipuo tsa kwa Yuropa le tsa Aforika mo nakong ya gompieno, dipadi le ditshwanelo tsa setho, le polotiki ya go kwala le ngwao. == Tsa pereko == Gikandi ke mokwadi wa ditsebe le dibuka di le dintsi, di akaretsa le ''Writing in Limbo: Modernism and Caribbean Literature, Maps of Englishness:Writing Identity in the Culture of Colonialism'' (Kgatiso ya Cornell University, ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bobedi), <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gikandi |first=Simon |date=1992-01-01 |title=Writing in Limbo: Modernism and Caribbean Literature |url=https://archive.org/details/writinginlimbomo00gika |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=9780801425752 |language=en |url-access=registration}}</ref> le ''Ngugi wa Thiong'o'' (Kgatiso ya Cambridge University Press, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe), <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gikandi |first=Simon |date=2009-09-03 |title=Ngugi Wa Thiong'o |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WDTEgVgNFWQC |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521119016 |language=en}}</ref> e e neng e le kgatiso e e gaisitseng ya thuto ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, ke mokwadi gape wa The Columbia Guide to East African Literature in English Since 1945 (Kgatiso ya Columbia University Press ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa).2004, mme ke mokwadi-mmogo wa ''Kaedi ya Columbia ya Dikwalo tsa Aforika Botlhaba ka Seesemane Fa e sale ka 1945'' (Kgatiso ya Yunibesithi ya Columbia, 2007). <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gikandi |first=Simon |date=2016-10-11 |title=The Columbia Guide to East African Literature in English Since 1945 |url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-columbia-guide-to-east-african-literature-in-english-since-1945/9780231125208 |last2=Mwangi |first2=Evan |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=9780231500647}}</ref> Tsebe ya gagwe ya, "Picasso, Africa, and the Schemata of Difference" (ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro) e gakolola ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano di le fa gare fa Pablo Picasso a kopana le Aubrey Williams, "leloko le le kwa pele mo go ntshafatseng Africa le batho bantsho Gikandi ke morulaganyi wa ''The Cambridge History of African and Caribbean Literature (''kgatiso ya Cambridge University Press'','' ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone'')'' <ref>{{Cite book |date=2000 |title=The Cambridge History of African and Caribbean Literature edited by F. Abiola Irele |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/the-cambridge-history-of-african-and-caribbean-literature/1B9F2963235BC68CB3CA5EA6D534AC60 |work=Cambridge Core |isbn=978-1-139-05463-8 |editor-last=Irele |editor-first=F. Abiola |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521832755 |access-date=2016-10-11 |editor-last2=Gikandi |editor-first2=Simon}}</ref> gape ke morulaganyi wa ''Routledge Encyclopedia of African literature'' (Routledge, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro). [http://www.abebooks.com/book-search/title/the-routledge-encyclopedia-of-african-literature/] Buka ya gagwe ya mo bošeng ke ya ''Slavery and the Culture of Taste'' (Kgatiso ya University of Princeton, ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso). <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2014 |title=Gikandi, S.: Slavery and the Culture of Taste (eBook and Paperback). |url=http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9583.html |access-date=2016-10-11 |website=press.princeton.edu}}</ref> Mokwalo o, o ne wa akgolwa thata, wa iponela dietsele tsa thuto di le dintsi. Ga jaana o rulaganya kgatiso ya lesome le motso (Vol. 11) ya ''The Oxford History of the Novel in English: The Novel in Africa and the Atlantic World''. Go simolola ka ngwaga wa wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le motso go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, Gikandi o ne a ruta kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Univesrity of Michigan-Ann Arbor, e le leloko la barutintshi mo lephateng la Comparative Literature . O simolotse go ruta kwa Princeton ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, e le leloko la barutintshi mo lephateng la sekgowa. Gikandi gape o nnile mo maemong kwa sekolong sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Massachussetts-boston(ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bosupa - go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le motso), Harvard University (ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe -go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe), le kwa California State University- Bakersfield (go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borataro-o tsena masome a robabobedi le bosupa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bio {{!}} Faculty History Project |url=http://um2017.org/faculty-history/faculty/simon-gikandi/bio |access-date=2016-10-11 |website=um2017.org}}</ref> == Dietsele le ditlotla == Gikandi ke moamogedi wa dietsele le ditlotla di le mmalwa, di akaretsa tse di latelang: * Lekgotla la Amerian Council of Learned Societies e le moithuti ( ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobdi le borobabongwe ) <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * Ithutelo ditiro kwa Guggenheim (ngwaga wa dikete pedi le motso ) <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * ''Slavery and The Culture of taste'' (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso) ** Mofenyi, dietsele tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa lesome le bone (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi) tsa Susanne M. Glasscock Humanities Book Prize for Interdisciplinary Scholarship, Melbern G. Glasscock Center for Humanities Research kwa Texas A&M University ** Mofenyi wa seetsele sa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome lebobedi sa James Rusell Lowell, ka lekgotla la Modern language Association, a se pataganetse le o mongwe ** Mofenyi wa seetsele sa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi sa Herskovits, sa lekgotla la African Studies ** Maemo a a kwa godimo a Choice mo thutong ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi * Seetsele sa ga tautona sa go ruta ga maemo a ntlha, kwa Princeton University (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * Seetsele sa ga Howard T. Behrman sa gofitlhelela ga maemo a a kwa godimo mo dithutong tsa setho, University of Princeton (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa) <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * Moithuti, Sekolo American Academy of Arts and Sciences (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Simon E. Gikandi |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/simon-e-gikandi |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * Mothusi wa Sekolo British Academy (ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi ) <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> == Dibuka tse di tlhophilweng == * ''Reading the African Novel'' (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bosupa). * ''Reading Chinua Achebe'' (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le motso). * ''Writing in Limbo: Modernism and Caribbean Literature'' (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bobedi). == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 37jvgob24c1r094o4acm10hgryd8xy5 0 15243 55569 2026-09-24T15:32:00Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330381884|Harriet Elizabeth Brown]]" 55569 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harriet Elizabeth Brown''' (yo ka dinako tse dingwe a bidiwang "Libby") (O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le lesome, ngwaga wa ekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa <ref name="msa_2">{{Cite web |title=Harriet Elizabeth Brown |url=http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013500/013592/html/13592bio.html |access-date=9 March 2014 |publisher=Maryland State Archives}}</ref> — Go filtha ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e tlhola gangwe, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009) ) e ne e le morutabana wa sekolo wa Calvert County yo o neng a lwela tuelo e e lekanang, go sa kgathalesege gore ke wa morafe ofe, mo thutong ya Maryland . Ka thuso ya mmueledi [[:en:NAACP|wa NAACP]] Thurgood Marshall, Brown o ne a sekisa khuduthamaga ya Thuto ya Kgaolo ya Calvert ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bosupa (1937) . Ka nako eo, barutabana ba Maaforika le Amerika ba ne ba duelwa madi a a kwa tlase thata go feta badirikabone ba Yuropa le Amerika. Brown o ne a duelwa 50% kwa tlase ga balekane ba gagwe ba Yuropa le Amerika ba ba nang le makwalo a a tshwanang. Calvert County e ne ya tlhongwa ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bosupa (1937), mme ya dumalana go lekalekanya dituelo. <ref name="msa">{{Cite web |title=Maryland Women's Hall of Fame: Harriet Elizabeth Brown |url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshall/html/brown.html |access-date=9 March 2014 |publisher=Maryland State Archives}}</ref> Kgetsi ya ga Brown e ne ya latela kgetsi ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borataro(1936) e e neng ya tlisiwa ke Marshall le NAACP mo boemong jwa mogokgo wa Dikolo tsa Sechaba tsa Montgomery County e bong William B. Gibbs Jr. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klinger |first=Jerry |date=2019-04-07 |title=William B. Gibbs, Jr. (1905-1984) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/william-b-gibbs-jr-1905-1984/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=[[BlackPast.org]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borobabongwe (1939) go ne ga fetisiwa Molao wa go Lekanya Dituelo tsa Barutabana ba Maryland, e leng molao wa ntlha wa go lekalekanya wa lefatshe la Maryland. <ref name="msa" /> Brown o ne a tsenngwa mo [[:en:Maryland_Women's_Hall_of_Fame|Maryland Women's Hall of Fame]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone (1994). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mdwhc36 |date=2018-01-01 |title=Harriet Elizabeth Brown |url=https://mdwomensheritagecenter.org/2018/01/harriet-elizabeth-brown/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Maryland Women's Heritage Center |language=en-US}}</ref> == Go ruta == Brown o ne a simolola go bereka kwa Dikolong tsa Sechaba tsa Kgaolo ya Calvert ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bongwe (1931). O ne a bereka koo dingwaga di feta masome a mararo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Harriet Elizabeth Brown, MSA SC 3520-13592 |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013500/013592/html/13592bio.html#ref3a |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=msa.maryland.gov}}</ref> == Leso == Harriet Elizabeth Brown o ne a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e rogwa, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), a le dingwaga di le lekgolo le bongwe . <ref name="wapo" /> O fitlhilwe kwa Ditshingwaneng tsa Segopotso tsa kwa Borwa kwa Dunkirk, kwa Maryland . == Ditshupiso == 4et9xjmik2kbrs9z8fq5p5j4eo4zm0w 55570 55569 2026-09-24T15:33:35Z MmaBaggio 11091 55570 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harriet Elizabeth Brown''' (yo ka dinako tse dingwe a bidiwang "Libby") (O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le lesome, ngwaga wa ekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa <ref name="msa_2">{{Cite web |title=Harriet Elizabeth Brown |url=http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013500/013592/html/13592bio.html |access-date=9 March 2014 |publisher=Maryland State Archives}}</ref> — Go filtha ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e tlhola gangwe, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009) <ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/washingtonpost/obituary.aspx?pid=122159007 "Death Notice: Harriet E. Brown"]. ''Washington Post''. Jan 4, 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2014.</ref> e ne e le morutabana wa sekolo wa Calvert County yo o neng a lwela tuelo e e lekanang, go sa kgathalesege gore ke wa morafe ofe, mo thutong ya Maryland . Ka thuso ya mmueledi [[:en:NAACP|wa NAACP]] Thurgood Marshall, Brown o ne a sekisa khuduthamaga ya Thuto ya Kgaolo ya Calvert ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bosupa (1937) . Ka nako eo, barutabana ba Maaforika le Amerika ba ne ba duelwa madi a a kwa tlase thata go feta badirikabone ba Yuropa le Amerika. Brown o ne a duelwa 50% kwa tlase ga balekane ba gagwe ba Yuropa le Amerika ba ba nang le makwalo a a tshwanang. Calvert County e ne ya tlhongwa ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bosupa (1937), mme ya dumalana go lekalekanya dituelo. <ref name="msa">{{Cite web |title=Maryland Women's Hall of Fame: Harriet Elizabeth Brown |url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshall/html/brown.html |access-date=9 March 2014 |publisher=Maryland State Archives}}</ref> Kgetsi ya ga Brown e ne ya latela kgetsi ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borataro(1936) e e neng ya tlisiwa ke Marshall le NAACP mo boemong jwa mogokgo wa Dikolo tsa Sechaba tsa Montgomery County e bong William B. Gibbs Jr. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klinger |first=Jerry |date=2019-04-07 |title=William B. Gibbs, Jr. (1905-1984) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/william-b-gibbs-jr-1905-1984/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=[[BlackPast.org]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borobabongwe (1939) go ne ga fetisiwa Molao wa go Lekanya Dituelo tsa Barutabana ba Maryland, e leng molao wa ntlha wa go lekalekanya wa lefatshe la Maryland. <ref name="msa" /> Brown o ne a tsenngwa mo [[:en:Maryland_Women's_Hall_of_Fame|Maryland Women's Hall of Fame]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone (1994). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mdwhc36 |date=2018-01-01 |title=Harriet Elizabeth Brown |url=https://mdwomensheritagecenter.org/2018/01/harriet-elizabeth-brown/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Maryland Women's Heritage Center |language=en-US}}</ref> == Go ruta == Brown o ne a simolola go bereka kwa Dikolong tsa Sechaba tsa Kgaolo ya Calvert ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bongwe (1931). O ne a bereka koo dingwaga di feta masome a mararo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Harriet Elizabeth Brown, MSA SC 3520-13592 |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013500/013592/html/13592bio.html#ref3a |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=msa.maryland.gov}}</ref> == Leso == Harriet Elizabeth Brown o ne a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e rogwa, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), a le dingwaga di le lekgolo le bongwe . <ref name="wapo" /> O fitlhilwe kwa Ditshingwaneng tsa Segopotso tsa kwa Borwa kwa Dunkirk, kwa Maryland . == Ditshupiso == 08zrmwj4baak2ca9tqq777fzusbt6t2 0 15244 55571 2026-09-24T15:40:48Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351496762|April Parker Jones]]" 55571 wikitext text/x-wiki '''April Parker Jones''' (o tshotsw ka Mopitlo 6, 1976) ke modiragatsi wa difilimi kwa America, yo o itsegeng ka karolo ya gagwe e le Darcy Hawkins mo motseletseleng wa [[CBS]] ''[[Jericho]]'' go tloga ka 2006 go fitlha ka 2008, <ref name="tvm">{{Cite web |title=Overview for April Parker Jones |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/12782743%7C0/April-Parker-Jones/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607005325/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/12782743%7C0/April-Parker-Jones/ |archive-date=7 June 2014 |access-date=22 December 2014 |website=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref> ''le'' Natalie Henning mo metshamekong ya ga Oprah Winfrey Network ya [[If loving you was wrong]] (2014-2020).Ka 2018, o ne a tshameka mo motseletseleng wa CW, ''[[Supergirl]]'' e le Mokolonele Lauren Haley. == Botshelo le Tiro == Parker o tsholetswe kwa [[Durham,North Carolina]] a tsena kwa [[North Carolina Central University]] pele a fudugela kwa New York. Morago ga go tshameka karolo mo motseletseleng wa ''CSI: Miami'', ka 2006 o ne a gapa karolo ya ga Darcy Hawkins mo motseletseleng wa [[CBS]] ''[[Jericho]]'' . <ref name="tvm" /> Motseletsele wa Jericho o ne wa emisiwa mme Parker Jones o ne a tlhagelela mo difiliming tsa ''Lost'', ''The Unit'', ''NCIS'', ''Scandal'', mme o ne a nna le seabe sa poeletso mo difiliming ''tsa 90210'' le ''tsa The Fosters'' . <ref name="tvm" /> Ka 2014, Parker Jones o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mongwe wa batshameki ba baeteledipele mo motshamekong ya mo [[Oprah Winfrey Network]] , [[If loving you was wrong]] . <ref name="seriescast">{{Cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=2014-06-05 |title=OWN Sets Cast For New Tyler Perry Drama Series 'If Loving You Is Wrong' |url=https://deadline.com/2014/06/own-sets-cast-for-new-tyler-perry-drama-series-if-loving-you-is-wrong-740878/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007231112/https://deadline.com/2014/06/own-sets-cast-for-new-tyler-perry-drama-series-if-loving-you-is-wrong-740878/ |archive-date=2023-10-07 |access-date=2014-06-06 |publisher=Deadline}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=OWN Announces Cast for New Drama Series 'If Loving You is Wrong' From Tyler Perry |url=https://shadowandact.com/amp/own-announces-cast-for-new-drama-series-if-loving-you-is-wrong-from-tyler-perry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925205331/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/own-announces-cast-for-new-drama-series-if-loving-you-is-wrong-from-tyler-perry |archive-date=2015-09-25 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=Shadow and Act}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Durham native stars in Tyler Perry drama |url=http://www.heraldsun.com/news/localnews/x532295890/Durham-native-stars-in-Tyler-Perry-drama |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224210747/http://www.heraldsun.com/news/localnews/x532295890/Durham-native-stars-in-Tyler-Perry-drama |archive-date=24 December 2014 |access-date=22 December 2014}}</ref> O tshameka karolo ya ga Natalie Henning. Motshameko yo o akaretsa bo [[Edwina Findley]], [[Zulay Henao]], [[Heather Hemmens]] le [[Amanda Clayton]] . Ka 2015, o ne a nna le seabe sa go tshameka e le Mothothomisi Claire Bryce mo filiming ya ShondaLand ya ''[[How to Get Away with Murder]]'', mme ngwaga o o latelang mo motshamekong wa metlae [[Lifetime]], ''e leng Devious Maids'' . Ka 2018, Parker o ne a tshameka karolo ya General Anita DuFine mo motseletsele wa diterama tsa TNT, ''[[The Last Ship]]'', mme moragonyana o ne a tshameka karolo motseletsele e le [[Lauren Haley]] mo pakeng ya bone ya motseletsele wa The CW, ''Supergirl'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=21 July 2018 |title='Supergirl' Adds Nicole Maines As Transgender Superhero; April Parker Jones & David Ajala Also Cast – Comic-Con |url=https://deadline.com/2018/07/supergirl-nicole-maines-transgender-superhero-april-parker-jones-david-ajala-1202430870/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722010450/https://deadline.com/2018/07/supergirl-nicole-maines-transgender-superhero-april-parker-jones-david-ajala-1202430870/ |archive-date=22 July 2018 |access-date=23 July 2018 |publisher=Deadline}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='Supergirl' Season 4 Adds April Parker Jones as Series Regular |url=https://comicbook.com/dc/2018/07/21/supergirl-season-4-amy-parker-jones-colonel-haley-sdcc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009172054/https://comicbook.com/dc/2018/07/21/supergirl-season-4-amy-parker-jones-colonel-haley-sdcc/ |archive-date=9 October 2018 |access-date=23 July 2018 |publisher=}}</ref> Ka 2022, Parker o ne a tshameka karolo mo motseletseleng wa diterama tsa Peacock, ''[[Bel-Air]]'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=January 20, 2022 |title='Bel-Air': Karrueche Tran, Duane Martin & Joe Holt Among 7 Cast In Peacock's 'Fresh Prince' Drama Reboot |url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/bel-air-karrueche-tran-duane-martin-joe-holt-cast-peacocks-fresh-prince-drama-reboot-1234915899/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120164151/https://deadline.com/2022/01/bel-air-karrueche-tran-duane-martin-joe-holt-cast-peacocks-fresh-prince-drama-reboot-1234915899/ |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |access-date=December 5, 2024}}</ref>a tshameka mmogo le [[Joey King]] mo filiming ya lorato ya ''[[The In Between]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiseman |first=Andreas |date=April 15, 2021 |title='The In Between': April Parker Jones, Celeste O'Connor & Donna Biscoe Join Paramount+ Movie Starring Joey King |url=https://deadline.com/2021/04/the-in-between-joey-king-april-parker-jones-paramount-1234734900/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415161121/https://deadline.com/2021/04/the-in-between-joey-king-april-parker-jones-paramount-1234734900/ |archive-date=April 15, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2024}}</ref> Moragonyana o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mmaagwe moanelwamogolo mo CW, ''Tom Swift'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=February 17, 2022 |title='Tom Swift': Marquise Vilsón, April Parker Jones & Albert Mwangi Round Out Series Regular Cast On CW Series |url=https://deadline.com/2022/02/tom-swift-marquise-vilson-april-parker-jones-albert-mwangi-series-regular-cast-cw-series-1234956319/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602122502/https://deadline.com/2022/02/tom-swift-marquise-vilson-april-parker-jones-albert-mwangi-series-regular-cast-cw-series-1234956319/ |archive-date=June 2, 2022 |access-date=December 5, 2024}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Ka Phukwi 2007, Parker o ne a nyalwa ke modiragatsi ka ene,Joseph J. Jones; ba na le bana ba babedi . morwadi wa bone o thokafetse 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Michael |title=If Loving You Is Wrong's April Parker Jones Suffers Heartbreaking Family Loss! |url=https://www.soapoperanews.net/2018/07/if-loving-you-is-wrongs-april-parker_22.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712081851/https://www.soapoperanews.net/2018/07/if-loving-you-is-wrongs-april-parker_22.html |archive-date=2020-07-12 |access-date=2020-02-08}}</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist|2}} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 8avevzmj1ykrncsz42ernupka1p2q1q 55572 55571 2026-09-24T15:41:49Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 55572 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:April Parker Jones 2014.jpg|thumb]] '''April Parker Jones''' (o tshotsw ka Mopitlo 6, 1976) ke modiragatsi wa difilimi kwa America, yo o itsegeng ka karolo ya gagwe e le Darcy Hawkins mo motseletseleng wa [[CBS]] ''[[Jericho]]'' go tloga ka 2006 go fitlha ka 2008, <ref name="tvm">{{Cite web |title=Overview for April Parker Jones |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/12782743%7C0/April-Parker-Jones/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607005325/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/12782743%7C0/April-Parker-Jones/ |archive-date=7 June 2014 |access-date=22 December 2014 |website=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref> ''le'' Natalie Henning mo metshamekong ya ga Oprah Winfrey Network ya [[If loving you was wrong]] (2014-2020).Ka 2018, o ne a tshameka mo motseletseleng wa CW, ''[[Supergirl]]'' e le Mokolonele Lauren Haley. == Botshelo le Tiro == Parker o tsholetswe kwa [[Durham,North Carolina]] a tsena kwa [[North Carolina Central University]] pele a fudugela kwa New York. Morago ga go tshameka karolo mo motseletseleng wa ''CSI: Miami'', ka 2006 o ne a gapa karolo ya ga Darcy Hawkins mo motseletseleng wa [[CBS]] ''[[Jericho]]'' . <ref name="tvm" /> Motseletsele wa Jericho o ne wa emisiwa mme Parker Jones o ne a tlhagelela mo difiliming tsa ''Lost'', ''The Unit'', ''NCIS'', ''Scandal'', mme o ne a nna le seabe sa poeletso mo difiliming ''tsa 90210'' le ''tsa The Fosters'' . <ref name="tvm" /> Ka 2014, Parker Jones o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mongwe wa batshameki ba baeteledipele mo motshamekong ya mo [[Oprah Winfrey Network]] , [[If loving you was wrong]] . <ref name="seriescast">{{Cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=2014-06-05 |title=OWN Sets Cast For New Tyler Perry Drama Series 'If Loving You Is Wrong' |url=https://deadline.com/2014/06/own-sets-cast-for-new-tyler-perry-drama-series-if-loving-you-is-wrong-740878/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007231112/https://deadline.com/2014/06/own-sets-cast-for-new-tyler-perry-drama-series-if-loving-you-is-wrong-740878/ |archive-date=2023-10-07 |access-date=2014-06-06 |publisher=Deadline}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=OWN Announces Cast for New Drama Series 'If Loving You is Wrong' From Tyler Perry |url=https://shadowandact.com/amp/own-announces-cast-for-new-drama-series-if-loving-you-is-wrong-from-tyler-perry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925205331/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/own-announces-cast-for-new-drama-series-if-loving-you-is-wrong-from-tyler-perry |archive-date=2015-09-25 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=Shadow and Act}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Durham native stars in Tyler Perry drama |url=http://www.heraldsun.com/news/localnews/x532295890/Durham-native-stars-in-Tyler-Perry-drama |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224210747/http://www.heraldsun.com/news/localnews/x532295890/Durham-native-stars-in-Tyler-Perry-drama |archive-date=24 December 2014 |access-date=22 December 2014}}</ref> O tshameka karolo ya ga Natalie Henning. Motshameko yo o akaretsa bo [[Edwina Findley]], [[Zulay Henao]], [[Heather Hemmens]] le [[Amanda Clayton]] . Ka 2015, o ne a nna le seabe sa go tshameka e le Mothothomisi Claire Bryce mo filiming ya ShondaLand ya ''[[How to Get Away with Murder]]'', mme ngwaga o o latelang mo motshamekong wa metlae [[Lifetime]], ''e leng Devious Maids'' . Ka 2018, Parker o ne a tshameka karolo ya General Anita DuFine mo motseletsele wa diterama tsa TNT, ''[[The Last Ship]]'', mme moragonyana o ne a tshameka karolo motseletsele e le [[Lauren Haley]] mo pakeng ya bone ya motseletsele wa The CW, ''Supergirl'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=21 July 2018 |title='Supergirl' Adds Nicole Maines As Transgender Superhero; April Parker Jones & David Ajala Also Cast – Comic-Con |url=https://deadline.com/2018/07/supergirl-nicole-maines-transgender-superhero-april-parker-jones-david-ajala-1202430870/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722010450/https://deadline.com/2018/07/supergirl-nicole-maines-transgender-superhero-april-parker-jones-david-ajala-1202430870/ |archive-date=22 July 2018 |access-date=23 July 2018 |publisher=Deadline}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='Supergirl' Season 4 Adds April Parker Jones as Series Regular |url=https://comicbook.com/dc/2018/07/21/supergirl-season-4-amy-parker-jones-colonel-haley-sdcc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009172054/https://comicbook.com/dc/2018/07/21/supergirl-season-4-amy-parker-jones-colonel-haley-sdcc/ |archive-date=9 October 2018 |access-date=23 July 2018 |publisher=}}</ref> Ka 2022, Parker o ne a tshameka karolo mo motseletseleng wa diterama tsa Peacock, ''[[Bel-Air]]'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=January 20, 2022 |title='Bel-Air': Karrueche Tran, Duane Martin & Joe Holt Among 7 Cast In Peacock's 'Fresh Prince' Drama Reboot |url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/bel-air-karrueche-tran-duane-martin-joe-holt-cast-peacocks-fresh-prince-drama-reboot-1234915899/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120164151/https://deadline.com/2022/01/bel-air-karrueche-tran-duane-martin-joe-holt-cast-peacocks-fresh-prince-drama-reboot-1234915899/ |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |access-date=December 5, 2024}}</ref>a tshameka mmogo le [[Joey King]] mo filiming ya lorato ya ''[[The In Between]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiseman |first=Andreas |date=April 15, 2021 |title='The In Between': April Parker Jones, Celeste O'Connor & Donna Biscoe Join Paramount+ Movie Starring Joey King |url=https://deadline.com/2021/04/the-in-between-joey-king-april-parker-jones-paramount-1234734900/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415161121/https://deadline.com/2021/04/the-in-between-joey-king-april-parker-jones-paramount-1234734900/ |archive-date=April 15, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2024}}</ref> Moragonyana o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mmaagwe moanelwamogolo mo CW, ''Tom Swift'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=February 17, 2022 |title='Tom Swift': Marquise Vilsón, April Parker Jones & Albert Mwangi Round Out Series Regular Cast On CW Series |url=https://deadline.com/2022/02/tom-swift-marquise-vilson-april-parker-jones-albert-mwangi-series-regular-cast-cw-series-1234956319/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602122502/https://deadline.com/2022/02/tom-swift-marquise-vilson-april-parker-jones-albert-mwangi-series-regular-cast-cw-series-1234956319/ |archive-date=June 2, 2022 |access-date=December 5, 2024}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Ka Phukwi 2007, Parker o ne a nyalwa ke modiragatsi ka ene,Joseph J. Jones; ba na le bana ba babedi . morwadi wa bone o thokafetse 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Michael |title=If Loving You Is Wrong's April Parker Jones Suffers Heartbreaking Family Loss! |url=https://www.soapoperanews.net/2018/07/if-loving-you-is-wrongs-april-parker_22.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712081851/https://www.soapoperanews.net/2018/07/if-loving-you-is-wrongs-april-parker_22.html |archive-date=2020-07-12 |access-date=2020-02-08}}</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist|2}} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] rdnlau6n88r0mdqk35qja5c0vspgfd1 0 15245 55573 2026-09-24T15:54:11Z Ngwanana 12523 tlhokomelo ya moriri 55573 wikitext text/x-wiki '''MORIRI''' [[Setshwantsho:3 barefoot females smiling and sitting on a bench.jpg|thumb|375x375px|meriri go ya ka mefuta]] Mongwe le mongwe o belegwa a na le '''moriri''',mme rotlhe re na le moriri e e farologaneng.E farologane go ya ka boleele jwa ona,mmala mmogo le phopholego ya ona.Re na le moriri o o bonolo,moriri o o makhubu,moriri o o kgomaretseng,gape re na le moriri o o seng makgwakgwa kgotsa o o bonolo,fela fa gare.Mofuta wa moriri wa gago o ikaegile thata ka tsela e moriri wa gago o tlhotlhoregang ka yone, mme selekanyo sa go tlhotlhorega mo moriri wa gago se laolwa ke follicle ya moriri wa gago. Popego ya follicle ya gago e laola gore a moriri wa gago o tlhamaletse, o na le makhubu, o tlhotlhoregile kgotsa o tlhotlhoregile.Mofuta wa moriri wa gago o laolwa ke dijiniMotswedi o o Ikanyegang. Ka jalo, le fa o ka fetola mokgwa wa gago wa go tlhotlhora ka mogote kgotsa ka dikhemikale, mokgwa wa gago wa motheo wa go tlhotlhora o mo DNA ya gago. Nako le nako fa moriri wa gago o feta mo modikologong wa one wa go gola, dipharologantsho tsa dijini di na le seabe. TLHOKOMELO YA MORIRI GO YA KA MOFUTA Moriri o o tlhotlhoregang o tlhoka metsi a a oketsegileng le go tshwarIwa ka bonolo go boloka tlhaloso le go thibela go tlhotlhorega ga ona. 1) Dirisa setlhatswi sa moriri se se nwang bongola jo bo senang Sulfate. Moriri o o tlhotlhoregang o omile ka tlholego ka gonne mafura a letlalo la tlhogo a kgaratlha thata go tsamaya mo ditlhaleng tse di tshekeletsa. Dirisa shampoo e e ntshang metsi, e e senang sulfate makgetlo a le mabedi go le a mararo ka beke go boloka mafura a tlholego. 2) Boemo jo bo tseneletseng ka metlha Go baakanya ga go kgonege go buisana ka moriri o o tlhotlhoregang. Dirisa setlhatswa-moriri se se humileng morago ga go tlhatswa gongwe le gongwe le maemo a a tseneletseng gangwe ka beke go busetsa bongola le bonolo mo moriring. Batla metswako e e jaaka: Botoro ya shea Oli ya khokhonute Kgopane( aloe vera) Oli ya Argan 3) Tshasa Setsidifatsi sa Leave-Mo Setlhatswa-moriri se se tlogelang se thusa go tlhalosa di-curl le go fokotsa go tlhotlhorega. Tshasa mo moriri o o metsi mme o o tlhotlhore ka bonolo go ya kwa godimo go tokafatsa go bopega ga di-curl. 4) Tila go Borasha ka Borashe jo bo Omileng Le ka motlha o se borashe moriri o o tlhotlhoregang fa o omile. Dirisa kama ya meno a a bulegileng mo moriri o o metsi o o nang le conditioner go thibela go thubega. 5) Dirisa Taulo ya Microfiber kgotsa Sekipa sa Letseta Dithaole tsa ka metlha di baka kgotlhano le go tlhotlhorega. Pat moriri ka bonolo go na le go gotlha. Tlhabo-botlhale ya Moriri o o tlhotlhoregang: Robala mo godimo ga mosamo wa satin go thibela go oma le go tlhotlhorega bosigo jotlhe. Tlhokomelo ya Moriri wa Moriri o o Tlhamaletseng Moriri o o tlhamaletseng o na le go nna le mafura ka bonako mme o ka lebega o le sephaphathi o se na bolumu. 1) Tlhopha Shampoo e e Botlhofo Dirisa shampoo e e bonolo kgotsa e e dirang gore mmele o nne le mmele makgetlo a le 2-3 ka beke. Fa letlalo la gago la tlhogo le le mafura, o ka nna wa tlhoka go tlhapa kgapetsakgapetsa go sekae. 2) Tshasa Conditioner Fela mo Boleeleng Tila go tshasa conditioner mo letlalong la tlhogo, ka gonne e ka dira gore moriri o nne mafura ka bonako. Tsepamisa maikutlo fela mo boleeleng jo bo fa gare le bokhutlo. 3) Dirisa Tshireletso ya Mogote Moriri o o tlhamaletseng gantsi o setaele ka ditlhamalatsi kgotsa di-blow dryer. Ka metlha tshasa seporei sa tshireletso ya mogote pele ga o dira setaele. 4) Tila go Kgobokanya Dikumo Dirisa dilo tse dinnye tsa go dira setaele go thibela gore o se ka wa lebega o tlhotsa kgotsa o le mafura. Tlhatswa letlalo la gago la tlhogo gangwe ka kgwedi ka shampoo e e bonolo e e tlhatswang. 5) Tsenya Bolumu ka go Omisa sentle Blow-dry moriri wa gago o tlhomile kwa tlase nako le nako go dira tsholetso ya tlholego kwa meding. Moriri o o Tlhamaletseng Tlhabo-botlhale: Kuma dibeke dingwe le dingwe di le 6-8 go tila dintlha tse di bonalang tse di kgaoganeng. Tlhokomelo ya Moriri wa Moriri o o Makhubu Moriri o o makhubu o nna fa gare ga go tlhotlhorega le go tlhamalala, o tlhoka tlhokomelo e e lekalekanang. 1) Dirisa Shampoo e e Lekalekanyang Tlhopha shampoo e e seng bokete thata e bile e sa omise thata. Fomula e e botlhofo ya go ngolafatsa e dira sentle. 2) Boemo bo magareng Tshasa setlhatswa-mowa se se botlhofo morago ga go tlhapa gongwe le gongwe, o tlhomile mogopolo mo dintlheng. Go baakanya go feta selekanyo go ka dira gore makhubu a nne sephaphathi. 3) Ntlafatsa Makhubu ka Tlhago Dirisa curl cream e e botlhofo kgotsa mousse mme o scrunch ka bonolo go tlhalosa makhubu ntle le go gagamala. 4) Tila go tlhatswa go feta selekanyo Go tlhatswa moriri o o makhubu thata go ka kgoreletsa diphethene tsa makhubu. Dirisa menwana kgotsa kama ya meno a a bulegileng. 5) Omisa mo Moweng Fa go Kgonega Go omisa ka mowa go thusa go tshegetsa phopholego ya makhubu a tlhago le go fokotsa tshenyo ya mogote. Tlhabo-botlhale ya Moriri o o Makhubu: Gasa ka molelo o o kwa tlase fa o batla modumo le tlhaloso e e oketsegileng. == DITSHUPISO == # https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/types-of-hair#what-does-hair-type-mean # https://yuthikaprofessional.com/hair-care-routines-for-different-hair-types/ [[Karolo:Hair types]] [[Karolo:Haircare]] mzf4tho7ou7utiuy8h424s1oyruel2c 0 15246 55574 2026-09-24T16:33:20Z VNGao 10152 Created page with "[[Setshwantsho:Leyla Bouzid at Berlinale 2026.jpg|thumb|Leyla Bouzid]] '''[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid|Leyla Bouzid]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone kwa [[:en:Tunis|Tunis]] ), ke mokwadi wa dipolelwana tse di diragatswang kana di tshamekwang mo Thelebishini,gape ke mokaedi wa dibaesekopo wa letso la [[:en:Tunisia|Tunisia]].. == Botshelo Pele Le Dithutego ==" 55574 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Leyla Bouzid at Berlinale 2026.jpg|thumb|Leyla Bouzid]] '''[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid|Leyla Bouzid]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone kwa [[:en:Tunis|Tunis]] ), ke mokwadi wa dipolelwana tse di diragatswang kana di tshamekwang mo Thelebishini,gape ke mokaedi wa dibaesekopo wa letso la [[:en:Tunisia|Tunisia]].. == Botshelo Pele Le Dithutego == qck9db9d2fhxql1mtfvqd2mkwnl6mj1 55577 55574 2026-09-24T17:27:46Z VNGao 10152 55577 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Leyla Bouzid at Berlinale 2026.jpg|thumb|Leyla Bouzid]] '''[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid|Leyla Bouzid]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone kwa [[:en:Tunis|Tunis]] ), ke mokwadi wa dipolelwana tse di diragatswang kana di tshamekwang mo Thelebishini,gape ke mokaedi wa dibaesekopo wa letso la [[:en:Tunisia|Tunisia]].. == Botshelo Pele Le Dithutego == O tshotswe kwa Tunis ka kgwedi ya Diphalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone. Bouzid ke morwadie [[:en:Nouri_Bouzid|Nouri Bouzid]] yoo eleng moeteledipele. O goletse mo Tunisia, moo a jeleng dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bonana mo toropo kgolo Tunis. Morago ga go aloga ka digerata, one at Paris go ithutela Literature kwa Sorbonne. Morago ga go bona katlego mo baesekopong ya gagwe e khutshwana ya ntlha Bonjour (Sbah el khir el), one aya go feleletsa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa [[:en:La_Fémis|La Fémis]]. Baesekopo ya ga Bouzid e khutshwane ya Twitching ene ele yone baesekopo eo a alogile ka yone ya La Fémis; mme ebile e apeilwe yabo ya gatsisiwa mo Tunisia. Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le lesome le bobedi, Twitching ene ya gaswa e gaisana kwa [[:en:Clermont-Ferrand_International_Short_Film_Festival|Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival]], koo eneng ya amogelwa mo go kgotsofatsang. Ene gape ya gapa sekgele sa tshoboko sa baithuti kwa [[:en:Festival_Premiers_Plans_d'Angers|Festival Premiers Plans d'Angers]]. == Tiro == Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le boraro,Zakaria ene ya nna yone baesekopo ya ntlha go ntshiwa ke Bouzid , fa erile ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le botlhano alebamo ya gagwe ee neng e e neng e akareditswe As I Open My Eyes, ene ya tlhophiwa mo meletlong ele mokawana. Ene ya kgatlhegelwa thata ke ditlamo tsa meletlo e tshwana le Venice Film Festival, the Carthage Film Festival, the International Festival of Young Filmmakers of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, the Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur, le the International Film Festival of Dubai. b6gb1ulf5f168nn3ap4zi0s42cglh2r 55578 55577 2026-09-24T17:35:35Z VNGao 10152 /* Botshelo Pele Le Dithutego */ 55578 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Leyla Bouzid at Berlinale 2026.jpg|thumb|Leyla Bouzid]] '''[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid|Leyla Bouzid]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone<ref>[https://www.semainedelacritique.com/fr/realisateurs/leyla--bouzid Leyla Bouzid]". semainedelacritique.com (in French). Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref> kwa [[:en:Tunis|Tunis]] ), ke mokwadi wa dipolelwana tse di diragatswang kana di tshamekwang mo Thelebishini,gape ke mokaedi wa dibaesekopo wa letso la [[:en:Tunisia|Tunisia]]. == Botshelo Pele Le Dithutego == O tshotswe kwa Tunis ka kgwedi ya Diphalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone. Bouzid ke morwadie [[:en:Nouri_Bouzid|Nouri Bouzid]] yoo eleng moeteledipele. O goletse mo Tunisia, moo a jeleng dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bonana mo toropo kgolo Tunis. Morago ga go aloga ka digerata, one at Paris go ithutela Literature kwa Sorbonne. Morago ga go bona katlego mo baesekopong ya gagwe e khutshwana ya ntlha Bonjour (Sbah el khir el), one aya go feleletsa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa [[:en:La_Fémis|La Fémis]].<ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFAfricultures|Africultures]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFB.L.2012|B.L. 2012]]</ref> Baesekopo ya ga Bouzid e khutshwane ya Twitching ene ele yone baesekopo eo a alogile ka yone ya La Fémis; mme ebile e apeilwe yabo ya gatsisiwa mo Tunisia. Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le lesome le bobedi, Twitching ene ya gaswa e gaisana kwa [[:en:Clermont-Ferrand_International_Short_Film_Festival|Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival]], koo eneng ya amogelwa mo go kgotsofatsang. Ene gape ya gapa sekgele sa tshoboko sa baithuti kwa [[:en:Festival_Premiers_Plans_d'Angers|Festival Premiers Plans d'Angers]]. == Tiro == Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le boraro,Zakaria ene ya nna yone baesekopo ya ntlha go ntshiwa ke Bouzid , fa erile ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le botlhano alebamo ya gagwe ee neng e e neng e akareditswe As I Open My Eyes, ene ya tlhophiwa mo meletlong ele mokawana. Ene ya kgatlhegelwa thata ke ditlamo tsa meletlo e tshwana le Venice Film Festival, the Carthage Film Festival, the International Festival of Young Filmmakers of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, the Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur, le the International Film Festival of Dubai. == Metswedi == gky4me1ob57z5l5rvqh04yobeg86ls7 55580 55578 2026-09-24T17:47:38Z VNGao 10152 /* Tiro */ 55580 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Leyla Bouzid at Berlinale 2026.jpg|thumb|Leyla Bouzid]] '''[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid|Leyla Bouzid]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone<ref>[https://www.semainedelacritique.com/fr/realisateurs/leyla--bouzid Leyla Bouzid]". semainedelacritique.com (in French). Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref> kwa [[:en:Tunis|Tunis]] ), ke mokwadi wa dipolelwana tse di diragatswang kana di tshamekwang mo Thelebishini,gape ke mokaedi wa dibaesekopo wa letso la [[:en:Tunisia|Tunisia]]. == Botshelo Pele Le Dithutego == O tshotswe kwa Tunis ka kgwedi ya Diphalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone. Bouzid ke morwadie [[:en:Nouri_Bouzid|Nouri Bouzid]] yoo eleng moeteledipele. O goletse mo Tunisia, moo a jeleng dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bonana mo toropo kgolo Tunis. Morago ga go aloga ka digerata, one at Paris go ithutela Literature kwa Sorbonne. Morago ga go bona katlego mo baesekopong ya gagwe e khutshwana ya ntlha Bonjour (Sbah el khir el), one aya go feleletsa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa [[:en:La_Fémis|La Fémis]].<ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFAfricultures|Africultures]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFB.L.2012|B.L. 2012]]</ref> Baesekopo ya ga Bouzid e khutshwane ya Twitching ene ele yone baesekopo eo a alogile ka yone ya La Fémis; mme ebile e apeilwe yabo ya gatsisiwa mo Tunisia. Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le lesome le bobedi, Twitching ene ya gaswa e gaisana kwa [[:en:Clermont-Ferrand_International_Short_Film_Festival|Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival]], koo eneng ya amogelwa mo go kgotsofatsang. Ene gape ya gapa sekgele sa tshoboko sa baithuti kwa [[:en:Festival_Premiers_Plans_d'Angers|Festival Premiers Plans d'Angers]]. == Tiro == Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le boraro,Zakaria ene ya nna yone baesekopo ya ntlha go ntshiwa ke Bouzid , fa erile ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le botlhano alebamo ya gagwe ee neng e e neng e akareditswe As I Open My Eyes, ene ya tlhophiwa mo meletlong ele mokawana. Ene ya kgatlhegelwa thata ke ditlamo tsa meletlo e tshwana le Venice Film Festival, the Carthage Film Festival, the International Festival of Young Filmmakers of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, the Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur, le the International Film Festival of Dubai. As I Open My Eyes e sekaseka botshelo Jwa segompieno jwa letso kana goikitse ga motho wa letso la Tunisia go akaretsa go itebaganya le botsalano jwa mme kana mosetsana yo o santseng a gola ka nako ya dikgwedi tseo kagiso le thokgamo di ne di reketla pele ga lefatshe la Tunisia le fetioga. Baesekopo e e tsaya botshelo jwa sephiri jwa mosetsana wa letso la Tunisia The film marries the private life of a young Tunisian woman with the story of her nation at the cusp of fundamental change; "the young female body of Farah, with her voice and gaze, plays a pivotal role in how the movie is intensely meandering between the political and the non political == Metswedi == n8uz1glsidwfprj6s5occ9714mkyxbo 55581 55580 2026-09-24T17:58:31Z VNGao 10152 /* Tiro */ 55581 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Leyla Bouzid at Berlinale 2026.jpg|thumb|Leyla Bouzid]] '''[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid|Leyla Bouzid]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone<ref>[https://www.semainedelacritique.com/fr/realisateurs/leyla--bouzid Leyla Bouzid]". semainedelacritique.com (in French). Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref> kwa [[:en:Tunis|Tunis]] ), ke mokwadi wa dipolelwana tse di diragatswang kana di tshamekwang mo Thelebishini,gape ke mokaedi wa dibaesekopo wa letso la [[:en:Tunisia|Tunisia]]. == Botshelo Pele Le Dithutego == O tshotswe kwa Tunis ka kgwedi ya Diphalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone. Bouzid ke morwadie [[:en:Nouri_Bouzid|Nouri Bouzid]] yoo eleng moeteledipele. O goletse mo Tunisia, moo a jeleng dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bonana mo toropo kgolo Tunis. Morago ga go aloga ka digerata, one at Paris go ithutela Literature kwa Sorbonne. Morago ga go bona katlego mo baesekopong ya gagwe e khutshwana ya ntlha Bonjour (Sbah el khir el), one aya go feleletsa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa [[:en:La_Fémis|La Fémis]].<ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFAfricultures|Africultures]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFB.L.2012|B.L. 2012]]</ref> Baesekopo ya ga Bouzid e khutshwane ya Twitching ene ele yone baesekopo eo a alogile ka yone ya La Fémis; mme ebile e apeilwe yabo ya gatsisiwa mo Tunisia. Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le lesome le bobedi, Twitching ene ya gaswa e gaisana kwa [[:en:Clermont-Ferrand_International_Short_Film_Festival|Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival]], koo eneng ya amogelwa mo go kgotsofatsang. Ene gape ya gapa sekgele sa tshoboko sa baithuti kwa [[:en:Festival_Premiers_Plans_d'Angers|Festival Premiers Plans d'Angers]]. == Tiro == Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le boraro,Zakaria ene ya nna yone baesekopo ya ntlha go ntshiwa ke Bouzid , fa erile ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le botlhano alebamo ya gagwe ee neng e e neng e akareditswe [[:en:As_I_Open_My_Eyes|As I Open My Eyes]], ene ya tlhophiwa mo meletlong ele mokawana. Ene ya kgatlhegelwa thata ke ditlamo tsa meletlo e tshwana le [[:en:Venice_Film_Festival|Venice Film Festival,]] the [[:en:Carthage_Film_Festival|Carthage Film Festival]], the International Festival of Young Filmmakers of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, the [[:en:Festival_International_du_Film_Francophone_de_Namur|Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur]], le the International Film Festival of Dubai.<ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFSmati2015|Smati 2015]], Huffington Post</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFDiao2015|Diao 2015]], Le Monde</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFDjian2015|Djian 2015]], L'Express</ref> As I Open My Eyes e sekaseka botshelo Jwa segompieno jwa letso kana goikitse ga motho wa letso la Tunisia go akaretsa go itebaganya le botsalano jwa mme kana mosetsana yo o santseng a gola ka nako ya dikgwedi tseo kagiso le thokgamo di ne di reketla pele ga lefatshe la Tunisia le fetioga. Baesekopo e e tsaya botshelo jwa sephiri jwa mosetsana wa letso la Tunisia The film marries the private life of a young Tunisian woman with the story of her nation at the cusp of fundamental change; "the young female body of Farah, with her voice and gaze, plays a pivotal role in how the movie is intensely meandering between the political and the non political. == Metswedi == 5nt10u08g030g5yf79whlapj56uj2ae 55582 55581 2026-09-24T18:02:01Z VNGao 10152 /* Metswedi */ 55582 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Leyla Bouzid at Berlinale 2026.jpg|thumb|Leyla Bouzid]] '''[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid|Leyla Bouzid]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone<ref>[https://www.semainedelacritique.com/fr/realisateurs/leyla--bouzid Leyla Bouzid]". semainedelacritique.com (in French). Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref> kwa [[:en:Tunis|Tunis]] ), ke mokwadi wa dipolelwana tse di diragatswang kana di tshamekwang mo Thelebishini,gape ke mokaedi wa dibaesekopo wa letso la [[:en:Tunisia|Tunisia]]. == Botshelo Pele Le Dithutego == O tshotswe kwa Tunis ka kgwedi ya Diphalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone. Bouzid ke morwadie [[:en:Nouri_Bouzid|Nouri Bouzid]] yoo eleng moeteledipele. O goletse mo Tunisia, moo a jeleng dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bonana mo toropo kgolo Tunis. Morago ga go aloga ka digerata, one at Paris go ithutela Literature kwa Sorbonne. Morago ga go bona katlego mo baesekopong ya gagwe e khutshwana ya ntlha Bonjour (Sbah el khir el), one aya go feleletsa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa [[:en:La_Fémis|La Fémis]].<ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFAfricultures|Africultures]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFB.L.2012|B.L. 2012]]</ref> Baesekopo ya ga Bouzid e khutshwane ya Twitching ene ele yone baesekopo eo a alogile ka yone ya La Fémis; mme ebile e apeilwe yabo ya gatsisiwa mo Tunisia. Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le lesome le bobedi, Twitching ene ya gaswa e gaisana kwa [[:en:Clermont-Ferrand_International_Short_Film_Festival|Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival]], koo eneng ya amogelwa mo go kgotsofatsang. Ene gape ya gapa sekgele sa tshoboko sa baithuti kwa [[:en:Festival_Premiers_Plans_d'Angers|Festival Premiers Plans d'Angers]]. == Tiro == Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le boraro,Zakaria ene ya nna yone baesekopo ya ntlha go ntshiwa ke Bouzid , fa erile ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le botlhano alebamo ya gagwe ee neng e e neng e akareditswe [[:en:As_I_Open_My_Eyes|As I Open My Eyes]], ene ya tlhophiwa mo meletlong ele mokawana. Ene ya kgatlhegelwa thata ke ditlamo tsa meletlo e tshwana le [[:en:Venice_Film_Festival|Venice Film Festival,]] the [[:en:Carthage_Film_Festival|Carthage Film Festival]], the International Festival of Young Filmmakers of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, the [[:en:Festival_International_du_Film_Francophone_de_Namur|Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur]], le the International Film Festival of Dubai.<ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFSmati2015|Smati 2015]], Huffington Post</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFDiao2015|Diao 2015]], Le Monde</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFDjian2015|Djian 2015]], L'Express</ref> As I Open My Eyes e sekaseka botshelo Jwa segompieno jwa letso kana goikitse ga motho wa letso la Tunisia go akaretsa go itebaganya le botsalano jwa mme kana mosetsana yo o santseng a gola ka nako ya dikgwedi tseo kagiso le thokgamo di ne di reketla pele ga lefatshe la Tunisia le fetioga. Baesekopo e e tsaya botshelo jwa sephiri jwa mosetsana wa letso la Tunisia The film marries the private life of a young Tunisian woman with the story of her nation at the cusp of fundamental change; "the young female body of Farah, with her voice and gaze, plays a pivotal role in how the movie is intensely meandering between the political and the non political. == Dikgele le Go Tlhophiwa == === Dikgele === * == Metswedi == q19c4f5iu1jjhfr90l5xrijgqbqw5hg 55583 55582 2026-09-24T18:08:52Z VNGao 10152 /* Dikgele le Go Tlhophiwa */ 55583 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Leyla Bouzid at Berlinale 2026.jpg|thumb|Leyla Bouzid]] '''[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid|Leyla Bouzid]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone<ref>[https://www.semainedelacritique.com/fr/realisateurs/leyla--bouzid Leyla Bouzid]". semainedelacritique.com (in French). Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref> kwa [[:en:Tunis|Tunis]] ), ke mokwadi wa dipolelwana tse di diragatswang kana di tshamekwang mo Thelebishini,gape ke mokaedi wa dibaesekopo wa letso la [[:en:Tunisia|Tunisia]]. == Botshelo Pele Le Dithutego == O tshotswe kwa Tunis ka kgwedi ya Diphalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone. Bouzid ke morwadie [[:en:Nouri_Bouzid|Nouri Bouzid]] yoo eleng moeteledipele. O goletse mo Tunisia, moo a jeleng dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bonana mo toropo kgolo Tunis. Morago ga go aloga ka digerata, one at Paris go ithutela Literature kwa Sorbonne. Morago ga go bona katlego mo baesekopong ya gagwe e khutshwana ya ntlha Bonjour (Sbah el khir el), one aya go feleletsa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa [[:en:La_Fémis|La Fémis]].<ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFAfricultures|Africultures]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFB.L.2012|B.L. 2012]]</ref> Baesekopo ya ga Bouzid e khutshwane ya Twitching ene ele yone baesekopo eo a alogile ka yone ya La Fémis; mme ebile e apeilwe yabo ya gatsisiwa mo Tunisia. Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le lesome le bobedi, Twitching ene ya gaswa e gaisana kwa [[:en:Clermont-Ferrand_International_Short_Film_Festival|Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival]], koo eneng ya amogelwa mo go kgotsofatsang. Ene gape ya gapa sekgele sa tshoboko sa baithuti kwa [[:en:Festival_Premiers_Plans_d'Angers|Festival Premiers Plans d'Angers]]. == Tiro == Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le boraro,Zakaria ene ya nna yone baesekopo ya ntlha go ntshiwa ke Bouzid , fa erile ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le botlhano alebamo ya gagwe ee neng e e neng e akareditswe [[:en:As_I_Open_My_Eyes|As I Open My Eyes]], ene ya tlhophiwa mo meletlong ele mokawana. Ene ya kgatlhegelwa thata ke ditlamo tsa meletlo e tshwana le [[:en:Venice_Film_Festival|Venice Film Festival,]] the [[:en:Carthage_Film_Festival|Carthage Film Festival]], the International Festival of Young Filmmakers of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, the [[:en:Festival_International_du_Film_Francophone_de_Namur|Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur]], le the International Film Festival of Dubai.<ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFSmati2015|Smati 2015]], Huffington Post</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFDiao2015|Diao 2015]], Le Monde</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFDjian2015|Djian 2015]], L'Express</ref> As I Open My Eyes e sekaseka botshelo Jwa segompieno jwa letso kana goikitse ga motho wa letso la Tunisia go akaretsa go itebaganya le botsalano jwa mme kana mosetsana yo o santseng a gola ka nako ya dikgwedi tseo kagiso le thokgamo di ne di reketla pele ga lefatshe la Tunisia le fetioga. Baesekopo e e tsaya botshelo jwa sephiri jwa mosetsana wa letso la Tunisia The film marries the private life of a young Tunisian woman with the story of her nation at the cusp of fundamental change; "the young female body of Farah, with her voice and gaze, plays a pivotal role in how the movie is intensely meandering between the political and the non political. == Dikgele le Go Tlhophiwa == === Dikgele === *2010: Prix cininter – Un Ange passe – Festival du 1er court métrage de Pontault-Combault *2010: Prix des femmes de Fersnes – Un Ange passe – Festival international de films de femmes de Créteil *2012: Grand Prix – Soubresauts – Festival Premiers Plans d’Angers *2012: Grand prix du jury – Soubresauts – Festival du Cinéma Méditerranéen de Tétouan *2012: Birds Eye View Award – Soubresauts – Birds Eye View Film Festival, London *2012: Prix Ismu – Soubresauts – Festival del Cinema Africano, d’Asia e America Latina von Mailand *2012: Best Short Film – Soubresauts – Verona International Film Festival *2014: TIFF Award – Zakaria – Tangier International Film Festival *2014: Prix à la qualité – Zakaria – Centre national du cinéma et de l’image animée *2014: Prix des Lycéens – Zakaria – Festival del Cinema Africano, d’Asia e America Latina von Mailand *2015: Etalon de bronze – Zakaria – FESPACO *2015: Thomas Sankara Award – Zakaria – FESPACO *2015: Royal Air Morocco Ibn Battuta Award – Zakaria – FESPACO *2015: Tanit de bronze – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Carthage Film Festival ** 2015: TV5 Monde Award – ''Kaum öffne ich die Augen'' – Carthage Film Festival ** == Metswedi == shspcujhqjc8t7yy3g1acfsedgdfp30 55584 55583 2026-09-24T18:16:09Z VNGao 10152 /* Metswedi */ 55584 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Leyla Bouzid at Berlinale 2026.jpg|thumb|Leyla Bouzid]] '''[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid|Leyla Bouzid]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone<ref>[https://www.semainedelacritique.com/fr/realisateurs/leyla--bouzid Leyla Bouzid]". semainedelacritique.com (in French). Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref> kwa [[:en:Tunis|Tunis]] ), ke mokwadi wa dipolelwana tse di diragatswang kana di tshamekwang mo Thelebishini,gape ke mokaedi wa dibaesekopo wa letso la [[:en:Tunisia|Tunisia]]. == Botshelo Pele Le Dithutego == O tshotswe kwa Tunis ka kgwedi ya Diphalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone. Bouzid ke morwadie [[:en:Nouri_Bouzid|Nouri Bouzid]] yoo eleng moeteledipele. O goletse mo Tunisia, moo a jeleng dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bonana mo toropo kgolo Tunis. Morago ga go aloga ka digerata, one at Paris go ithutela Literature kwa Sorbonne. Morago ga go bona katlego mo baesekopong ya gagwe e khutshwana ya ntlha Bonjour (Sbah el khir el), one aya go feleletsa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa [[:en:La_Fémis|La Fémis]].<ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFAfricultures|Africultures]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFB.L.2012|B.L. 2012]]</ref> Baesekopo ya ga Bouzid e khutshwane ya Twitching ene ele yone baesekopo eo a alogile ka yone ya La Fémis; mme ebile e apeilwe yabo ya gatsisiwa mo Tunisia. Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le lesome le bobedi, Twitching ene ya gaswa e gaisana kwa [[:en:Clermont-Ferrand_International_Short_Film_Festival|Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival]], koo eneng ya amogelwa mo go kgotsofatsang. Ene gape ya gapa sekgele sa tshoboko sa baithuti kwa [[:en:Festival_Premiers_Plans_d'Angers|Festival Premiers Plans d'Angers]]. == Tiro == Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le boraro,Zakaria ene ya nna yone baesekopo ya ntlha go ntshiwa ke Bouzid , fa erile ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le botlhano alebamo ya gagwe ee neng e e neng e akareditswe [[:en:As_I_Open_My_Eyes|As I Open My Eyes]], ene ya tlhophiwa mo meletlong ele mokawana. Ene ya kgatlhegelwa thata ke ditlamo tsa meletlo e tshwana le [[:en:Venice_Film_Festival|Venice Film Festival,]] the [[:en:Carthage_Film_Festival|Carthage Film Festival]], the International Festival of Young Filmmakers of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, the [[:en:Festival_International_du_Film_Francophone_de_Namur|Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur]], le the International Film Festival of Dubai.<ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFSmati2015|Smati 2015]], Huffington Post</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFDiao2015|Diao 2015]], Le Monde</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFDjian2015|Djian 2015]], L'Express</ref> As I Open My Eyes e sekaseka botshelo Jwa segompieno jwa letso kana goikitse ga motho wa letso la Tunisia go akaretsa go itebaganya le botsalano jwa mme kana mosetsana yo o santseng a gola ka nako ya dikgwedi tseo kagiso le thokgamo di ne di reketla pele ga lefatshe la Tunisia le fetioga. Baesekopo e e tsaya botshelo jwa sephiri jwa mosetsana wa letso la Tunisia The film marries the private life of a young Tunisian woman with the story of her nation at the cusp of fundamental change; "the young female body of Farah, with her voice and gaze, plays a pivotal role in how the movie is intensely meandering between the political and the non political. == Dikgele le Go Tlhophiwa == === Dikgele === *2010: Prix cininter – Un Ange passe – Festival du 1er court métrage de Pontault-Combault *2010: Prix des femmes de Fersnes – Un Ange passe – Festival international de films de femmes de Créteil *2012: Grand Prix – Soubresauts – Festival Premiers Plans d’Angers *2012: Grand prix du jury – Soubresauts – Festival du Cinéma Méditerranéen de Tétouan *2012: Birds Eye View Award – Soubresauts – Birds Eye View Film Festival, London *2012: Prix Ismu – Soubresauts – Festival del Cinema Africano, d’Asia e America Latina von Mailand *2012: Best Short Film – Soubresauts – Verona International Film Festival *2014: TIFF Award – Zakaria – Tangier International Film Festival *2014: Prix à la qualité – Zakaria – Centre national du cinéma et de l’image animée *2014: Prix des Lycéens – Zakaria – Festival del Cinema Africano, d’Asia e America Latina von Mailand *2015: Etalon de bronze – Zakaria – FESPACO *2015: Thomas Sankara Award – Zakaria – FESPACO *2015: Royal Air Morocco Ibn Battuta Award – Zakaria – FESPACO *2015: Tanit de bronze – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Carthage Film Festival ** 2015: TV5 Monde Award – ''Kaum öffne ich die Augen'' – Carthage Film Festival **2015: FIPRESCI Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Carthage Film Festival **2015: Bayard d’or – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Festival international du film francophone de Namur **2015: „Mention spécial“ der Jury UGTT – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Carthage Film Festival **2015: Europa Cinemas Label Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – 2015 Venice Film Festival **2015: Muhr Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Dubai International Film Festival **2016: Kering Foundation „Women in Motion Young Talent Award“ – 2016 Cannes Film Festival **2016: Bester Film – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – East End Film Festival (EEFF) in London **2016: Sir Peter Ustinov Preis – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – LUCAS Film Festival **2016: Chevalier de l’Ordre de la République **2016: Futurewave Youth Jury Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Seattle International Film Festival === Go Tlhophiwa === * 2012: Compétitions film d’école – Soubresauts – Festival Premiers Plans d’Angers * 2012: Compétitions film d’école – Soubresauts – Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival * 2015: Short film in competition – Zakaria – FESPACO * 2015: Bronze Horse – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Stockholm International Film Festival * 2015: Giornate degli Autori – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – 2015 Venice Film Festival * 2016: Audentia Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – International Istanbul Film Festival * 2016: Lumiere Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Lumière Film Festival, Lyon * 2016: Golden Gate Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – San Francisco International Film Festival * 2016: LUX-Preis – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – European Film Academy Lux Award * == Metswedi == oyu9mdgjtginxdkgr6lqaip3qfdxb0m 55587 55584 2026-09-24T18:19:12Z VNGao 10152 /* Metswedi */ 55587 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Leyla Bouzid at Berlinale 2026.jpg|thumb|Leyla Bouzid]] '''[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid|Leyla Bouzid]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone<ref>[https://www.semainedelacritique.com/fr/realisateurs/leyla--bouzid Leyla Bouzid]". semainedelacritique.com (in French). Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref> kwa [[:en:Tunis|Tunis]] ), ke mokwadi wa dipolelwana tse di diragatswang kana di tshamekwang mo Thelebishini,gape ke mokaedi wa dibaesekopo wa letso la [[:en:Tunisia|Tunisia]]. == Botshelo Pele Le Dithutego == O tshotswe kwa Tunis ka kgwedi ya Diphalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le motso, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bone. Bouzid ke morwadie [[:en:Nouri_Bouzid|Nouri Bouzid]] yoo eleng moeteledipele. O goletse mo Tunisia, moo a jeleng dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bonana mo toropo kgolo Tunis. Morago ga go aloga ka digerata, one at Paris go ithutela Literature kwa Sorbonne. Morago ga go bona katlego mo baesekopong ya gagwe e khutshwana ya ntlha Bonjour (Sbah el khir el), one aya go feleletsa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa [[:en:La_Fémis|La Fémis]].<ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFAfricultures|Africultures]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFB.L.2012|B.L. 2012]]</ref> Baesekopo ya ga Bouzid e khutshwane ya Twitching ene ele yone baesekopo eo a alogile ka yone ya La Fémis; mme ebile e apeilwe yabo ya gatsisiwa mo Tunisia. Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le lesome le bobedi, Twitching ene ya gaswa e gaisana kwa [[:en:Clermont-Ferrand_International_Short_Film_Festival|Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival]], koo eneng ya amogelwa mo go kgotsofatsang. Ene gape ya gapa sekgele sa tshoboko sa baithuti kwa [[:en:Festival_Premiers_Plans_d'Angers|Festival Premiers Plans d'Angers]]. == Tiro == Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le boraro,Zakaria ene ya nna yone baesekopo ya ntlha go ntshiwa ke Bouzid , fa erile ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le botlhano alebamo ya gagwe ee neng e e neng e akareditswe [[:en:As_I_Open_My_Eyes|As I Open My Eyes]], ene ya tlhophiwa mo meletlong ele mokawana. Ene ya kgatlhegelwa thata ke ditlamo tsa meletlo e tshwana le [[:en:Venice_Film_Festival|Venice Film Festival,]] the [[:en:Carthage_Film_Festival|Carthage Film Festival]], the International Festival of Young Filmmakers of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, the [[:en:Festival_International_du_Film_Francophone_de_Namur|Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur]], le the International Film Festival of Dubai.<ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFSmati2015|Smati 2015]], Huffington Post</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFDiao2015|Diao 2015]], Le Monde</ref><ref>[[:en:Leyla_Bouzid#CITEREFDjian2015|Djian 2015]], L'Express</ref> As I Open My Eyes e sekaseka botshelo Jwa segompieno jwa letso kana goikitse ga motho wa letso la Tunisia go akaretsa go itebaganya le botsalano jwa mme kana mosetsana yo o santseng a gola ka nako ya dikgwedi tseo kagiso le thokgamo di ne di reketla pele ga lefatshe la Tunisia le fetioga. Baesekopo e e tsaya botshelo jwa sephiri jwa mosetsana wa letso la Tunisia The film marries the private life of a young Tunisian woman with the story of her nation at the cusp of fundamental change; "the young female body of Farah, with her voice and gaze, plays a pivotal role in how the movie is intensely meandering between the political and the non political. == Dikgele le Go Tlhophiwa == === Dikgele === *2010: Prix cininter – Un Ange passe – Festival du 1er court métrage de Pontault-Combault *2010: Prix des femmes de Fersnes – Un Ange passe – Festival international de films de femmes de Créteil *2012: Grand Prix – Soubresauts – Festival Premiers Plans d’Angers *2012: Grand prix du jury – Soubresauts – Festival du Cinéma Méditerranéen de Tétouan *2012: Birds Eye View Award – Soubresauts – Birds Eye View Film Festival, London *2012: Prix Ismu – Soubresauts – Festival del Cinema Africano, d’Asia e America Latina von Mailand *2012: Best Short Film – Soubresauts – Verona International Film Festival *2014: TIFF Award – Zakaria – Tangier International Film Festival *2014: Prix à la qualité – Zakaria – Centre national du cinéma et de l’image animée *2014: Prix des Lycéens – Zakaria – Festival del Cinema Africano, d’Asia e America Latina von Mailand *2015: Etalon de bronze – Zakaria – FESPACO *2015: Thomas Sankara Award – Zakaria – FESPACO *2015: Royal Air Morocco Ibn Battuta Award – Zakaria – FESPACO *2015: Tanit de bronze – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Carthage Film Festival ** 2015: TV5 Monde Award – ''Kaum öffne ich die Augen'' – Carthage Film Festival **2015: FIPRESCI Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Carthage Film Festival **2015: Bayard d’or – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Festival international du film francophone de Namur **2015: „Mention spécial“ der Jury UGTT – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Carthage Film Festival **2015: Europa Cinemas Label Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – 2015 Venice Film Festival **2015: Muhr Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Dubai International Film Festival **2016: Kering Foundation „Women in Motion Young Talent Award“ – 2016 Cannes Film Festival **2016: Bester Film – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – East End Film Festival (EEFF) in London **2016: Sir Peter Ustinov Preis – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – LUCAS Film Festival **2016: Chevalier de l’Ordre de la République **2016: Futurewave Youth Jury Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Seattle International Film Festival === Go Tlhophiwa === * 2012: Compétitions film d’école – Soubresauts – Festival Premiers Plans d’Angers * 2012: Compétitions film d’école – Soubresauts – Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival * 2015: Short film in competition – Zakaria – FESPACO * 2015: Bronze Horse – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Stockholm International Film Festival * 2015: Giornate degli Autori – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – 2015 Venice Film Festival * 2016: Audentia Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – International Istanbul Film Festival * 2016: Lumiere Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Lumière Film Festival, Lyon * 2016: Golden Gate Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – San Francisco International Film Festival * 2016: LUX-Preis – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – European Film Academy Lux Award *2016: International New Talent Competition - Grand Prize – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Taipei Film Festival *2016: Transilvania Trophy – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Transilvania International Film Festival *2017: Magritte Award for Best Foreign Film in Coproduction – Kaum öffne ich die Augen *2017: Grand Jury Prize „Best Picture“ – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – zusammen mit Sandra da Fonseca und Imed Marzouk – Riviera International Film Festival *2017: Jury Prize „Best Director“ – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – Riviera International Film Festival *2017: MovieZone Award – Kaum öffne ich die Augen – International Film Festival Rotterdam *2026: Competition for Golden Bear – À voix basse – Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin[8] == Metswedi == 3qa5tiponka26utz3n2qeonsw0vxyg7 0 15247 55575 2026-09-24T16:37:55Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367606122|Harriet Elizabeth Byrd]]" 55575 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harriet Elizabeth Byrd''' ( O tshotswe ka kgwediya Moranang e le masome a mabed, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borataro (1926) – Go fitlha kgwedi ya Hirikgong e le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015 ) e ne e le radipolotiki le morutabana wa Moamerika go tswa kwa Wyoming yo e neng e le Moamerika wa ntlha wa Moaforika go tlhophiwa go tsena mo Lekgotleng la Peomolao la Wyoming . Harriet Elizabeth Rhone o tsholetswe kwa Cheyenne, kwa Wyoming, ka kgwed ya Moranang e le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borataro (1926), kwa go Robert C. Rraagwemogolo, e bong Charles J. Rhone, o ne a tla kwa Wyoming ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le botlhano (1876). O ne a aloga kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Cheyenne ka ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bone (1944). O ne a aloga kwa sekolong sa West Virginia ka dikirii ya botaki mo thutong ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borobabongwe (1949), mme kwa Sekolong sa Wyoming o ne a aloga ka di masters tsa botaki mo thutong ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borataro (1976). <ref name="life2">{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2009 |title=Harriet Elizabeth "Liz" Byrd (1926- ) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/byrd-harriet-elizabeth-liz-1926/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928043633/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/byrd-harriet-elizabeth-liz-1926/ |archive-date=September 28, 2024 |website=[[BlackPast.org]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=UW Profiles Harriet Elizabeth "Liz" Byrd |url=http://www.uwyo.edu/profiles/extras/liz-byrd.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112073339/http://www.uwyo.edu/profiles/extras/liz-byrd.html |archive-date=January 12, 2019 |website=[[University of Wyoming]]}}</ref> Byrd o ne a dira kopo ya go ruta kwa sekolong sa Laramie County School District mme a ganwa ka ntlha ya go bo e le motho montsho. O ne a bereka e le morutabana kwa [[:en:Francis_E._Warren_Air_Force_Base|Francis E. Warren Air Force Base]] dingwaga di le lesome. O ne a thapiwa ke Laramie County School Districtka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe (1959), mme a ruta dingwaga di le masome a mabedi le bosupa. <ref name="life2" /> E ne e le morutabana wa ntlha wa motho montsho wa nako e e tletseng yo o nang le setlankana kwa Wyoming. <ref name="history">{{Cite web |last=Van Pelt |first=Lori |date=May 24, 2015 |title=Liz Byrd, First Black Woman in Wyoming's Legislature |url=https://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/liz-byrd-first-black-woman-wyoming-legislature |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928045206/https://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/liz-byrd-first-black-woman-wyoming-legislature |archive-date=September 28, 2024 |website=Wyoming Historical Society}}</ref> Byrd e ne e le leloko la Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la lefatshe la Wyoming la Setlhogo sa III ka dingwaga di le supa ebile e le modulasetilo wa khuduthamaga ya Bogakolodi ya Cheyenne Civic Center. <ref>{{Cite news|date=June 18, 1980|title=Cheyenne teacher will seek House post|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156223410/}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borataro (1946), Byrd o ne a kopana le James Byrd kwa Francis E. Warren Air Force Base fa a ne a leka go reka dino. <ref name="history" /> O ne a nyala James Byrd, yo a neng a nna le bana ba le bararo le ene. James e ne e le Marshal wa United States le mookamedi wa mapodise kwa Cheyenne, motho wa ntlha wa motho montsho go nna le maemo ao, ka fa tlase ga boratoropo ba le batlhano. Morwawe, James W. Byrd, o ne a direla kwa Ntlong ya Baemedi ba Wyoming go tswa kwa kgaolong e a neng a direla mo go yone go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009) go ya kwa ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019). <ref name="life2" /> == Tiro == Byrd o ne a tlhophiwa mo ntlong ya puso go emela Laramie County ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980), a nna mosadi wa ntlha wa motho montsho go direla mo lekgotleng la semolao la puso ya Wyoming. O ne a direla kwa ntlong ya puso dingwaga di le robedi pele ga a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la Senate ya Wyoming . <ref name="life2" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1988), Byrd le James Applegate ba ne ba fenya tlhopho ya Democratic ka ditilo lo di le pedi tsa senate go tswa kwa Laramie fa yo o neng a le mo maemong Alvin Wiederspahn a ne a latlhegelwa. <ref>{{Cite news|date=August 17, 1988|title=Applegate's credibility campaign edges Wiederspahn|page=A1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156156146/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=August 17, 1988|title=Wiederspahn defeated in Laramie|page=B1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156156155/}}</ref> O ne a dirisa madi a ka na kang $1,094 ka nako ya letsholo la ntlha. <ref>{{Cite news|date=November 2, 1988|title=State House candidates race to prime time|page=A8|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156156193/}}</ref> O ne a kgaoganngwa gape kwa kgaolong ya bo botlhano mme <ref>{{Cite news|date=February 27, 1992|title=Senate Terms|page=A5|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156212288/}}</ref> a latlhegelwa ke go tlhophiwa gape ke motlhophiwa wa Repaboliki Cynthia Lummis mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992). <ref name="election 1992">{{Cite news|date=November 5, 1992|title=1992 election results|page=13|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81352447/casper-star-tribune/}}</ref> Byrd o ne a kgobokanya le go dirisa $1,691 mo ditlhophong tsa motheo le $8,187 mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso kgatlhanong le $10,662 a a dirisitsweng ke Lummis. <ref>{{Cite news|date=January 12, 1993|title=Senate District 5|page=D5|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156212773/}}</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo ntlong ya puso e ne e le leloko la Dipalamo le Ditsela tse ditona, le dikomiti tsa Thuto, Botsogo le Boitekanelo. <ref>{{Cite news|date=December 9, 1980|title=State House Committees give legislators assignments|page=A10|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156154455/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=November 18, 1984|title=Democrats select new leadership|page=B1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156154741/}}</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo senateng ya puso o ne a direla mo komiting ya Thuto. <ref>{{Cite news|date=December 11, 1990|title=Senate Democrats pick Prevedel, Fanos as new legislative leaders|page=B1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156212655/}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabingwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1987), o ne a golagana le Lauris Tysdal mme a bewa ka fa morago ga Dan S. Budd go nna moemedi yo o maswe go gaisa wa puso mo kopanong ya bo masome a mane le borobabongwe . <ref>{{Cite news|date=March 8, 1987|title=The 10 worst legislators|page=A1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156155152/}}</ref> O ne a ema Jesse Jackson nokeng ka nako ya ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa bo Tautona tsa Democratic tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1988) <ref>{{Cite news|date=May 8, 1988|title=Dukakis enjoys delegate edge|page=3C|work=[[Billings Gazette]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-billings-gazette/156223930/}}</ref> mme a tsenelela Bokoopano jwa Bosetšhaba jwa Democratic ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992) jaaka moemedi yo o sa ineelang. <ref>{{Cite news|date=May 4, 1992|title=Wyoming Democrats conclude convention with short platform|page=B1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156212855/}}</ref> Chuck Graves, modulasetilo wa Lekoko la Temokerasi la Wyoming, o ne a bua le Byrd ka ga go tsenelela kgotsa emela ditlhopho tsa Senateng ya United States mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990) kgatlhanong le Mosenatoro wa gompieni wa Repaboliki Alan Simpson . <ref>{{Cite news|date=April 25, 1990|title=Bebout considering challenge to Simpson|page=1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81294554/casper-star-tribune/}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Byrd o ne a tlogela go ruta ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997). Monna wa gagwe o ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa dikete te pedi le botlhano (2005), mme ene a tlhokafala kwa Cheyenne ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015).<ref name="life2" /><ref name="history" /> == Maemo a sepolotiki == Byrd o ne a tshegediwa ke AFL-CIO mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980), 1984 le 1988. <ref>{{Cite news|date=October 23, 1980|title=Union backs candidate|page=B1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156154216/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=September 23, 1984|title=AFL-CIO endorses McFadden, ignores Senate|page=B1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156154625/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=August 30, 1988|title=State union endorses candidates|page=4D|work=[[Billings Gazette]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-billings-gazette/156223952/}}</ref> O ne a kopa gore go tlhomiwe letsatsi la boikhutso go tlotla Martin Luther King Jr. mo maemong a puso. <ref>{{Cite news|date=January 14, 1986|title=Byrd urges Wyoming to honor the Rev. King|page=B1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156154931/}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1987, Byrd le mosenatoro wa lefatshe Dick Schmidt ba ne ba tshikinya molao wa gore go dirwe tumalano ya go tlhama thulaganyo ya lotho ya lefatshe lotlhe mo pampiring ya go tlhopha. <ref>{{Cite news|date=November 4, 1987|title=Legislators seek statewide lottery|page=35|work=[[Jackson Hole News&Guide]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/jackson-hole-news/156155323/}}</ref> == Ditso tsa ditlhopho == dir8jus6de8u9nhx7ekfa86y1fnk2ql 55576 55575 2026-09-24T16:53:44Z MmaBaggio 11091 55576 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harriet Elizabeth Byrd''' ( O tshotswe ka kgwediya Moranang e le masome a mabed, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borataro (1926) – Go fitlha kgwedi ya Hirikgong e le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015 ) e ne e le radipolotiki le morutabana wa Moamerika go tswa kwa Wyoming yo e neng e le Moamerika wa ntlha wa Moaforika go tlhophiwa go tsena mo Lekgotleng la Peomolao la Wyoming . {{Infobox officeholder|name=Harriet Elizabeth Byrd|image=Liz Byrd.png|district=[[Laramie County, Wyoming|Laramie County]]|successor=[[Cynthia Lummis]]|term_start=1989|term_end=Hirikgong 14, 1993|district2=[[Laramie County, Wyoming|Laramie County]]|predecessor=Multi-member district|predecessor2=Multi-member district|state_senate=Wyoming|party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|term_start2=1981|term_end2=1989|successor2=Multi-member district|birth_name=Harriet Elizabeth Rhone|birth_date={{birth date|1926|04|20}}|birth_place=[[Cheyenne, Wyoming]], U.S.|death_date={{death date and age |2015|1|27|1926|4|20}}|death_place=Cheyenne, Wyoming, U.S.|spouse={{marriage|James W. Byrd|1947|2005|reason=his death}}|children=3, including [[James W. Byrd]]|education=[[West Virginia State College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) <br/> [[University of Wyoming]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])|state_house=Wyoming}} Harriet Elizabeth Rhone o tsholetswe kwa Cheyenne, kwa Wyoming, ka kgwed ya Moranang e le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borataro (1926), kwa go Robert C. Rraagwemogolo, e bong Charles J. Rhone, o ne a tla kwa Wyoming ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le botlhano (1876). O ne a aloga kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Cheyenne ka ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bone (1944). O ne a aloga kwa sekolong sa West Virginia ka dikirii ya botaki mo thutong ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borobabongwe (1949), mme kwa Sekolong sa Wyoming o ne a aloga ka di masters tsa botaki mo thutong ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borataro (1976). <ref name="life2">{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2009 |title=Harriet Elizabeth "Liz" Byrd (1926- ) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/byrd-harriet-elizabeth-liz-1926/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928043633/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/byrd-harriet-elizabeth-liz-1926/ |archive-date=September 28, 2024 |website=[[BlackPast.org]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=UW Profiles Harriet Elizabeth "Liz" Byrd |url=http://www.uwyo.edu/profiles/extras/liz-byrd.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112073339/http://www.uwyo.edu/profiles/extras/liz-byrd.html |archive-date=January 12, 2019 |website=[[University of Wyoming]]}}</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156213284/ "Byrd"]. ''[[:en:Casper_Star-Tribune|Casper Star-Tribune]]''. January 29, 2015. p.&#x20;A2. Archived from the original on September 29, 2024 &#x2013; via [[:en:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com.]]</ref> Byrd o ne a dira kopo ya go ruta kwa sekolong sa Laramie County School District mme a ganwa ka ntlha ya go bo e le motho montsho. O ne a bereka e le morutabana kwa [[:en:Francis_E._Warren_Air_Force_Base|Francis E. Warren Air Force Base]] dingwaga di le lesome. O ne a thapiwa ke Laramie County School Districtka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe (1959), mme a ruta dingwaga di le masome a mabedi le bosupa. <ref name="life2" /> E ne e le morutabana wa ntlha wa motho montsho wa nako e e tletseng yo o nang le setlankana kwa Wyoming. <ref name="history">{{Cite web |last=Van Pelt |first=Lori |date=May 24, 2015 |title=Liz Byrd, First Black Woman in Wyoming's Legislature |url=https://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/liz-byrd-first-black-woman-wyoming-legislature |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928045206/https://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/liz-byrd-first-black-woman-wyoming-legislature |archive-date=September 28, 2024 |website=Wyoming Historical Society}}</ref> Byrd e ne e le leloko la Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la lefatshe la Wyoming la Setlhogo sa III ka dingwaga di le supa ebile e le modulasetilo wa khuduthamaga ya Bogakolodi ya Cheyenne Civic Center. <ref>{{Cite news|date=June 18, 1980|title=Cheyenne teacher will seek House post|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156223410/}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borataro (1946), Byrd o ne a kopana le James Byrd kwa Francis E. Warren Air Force Base fa a ne a leka go reka dino. <ref name="history" /> O ne a nyala James Byrd, yo a neng a nna le bana ba le bararo le ene. James e ne e le Marshal wa United States le mookamedi wa mapodise kwa Cheyenne, motho wa ntlha wa motho montsho go nna le maemo ao, ka fa tlase ga boratoropo ba le batlhano. Morwawe, James W. Byrd, o ne a direla kwa Ntlong ya Baemedi ba Wyoming go tswa kwa kgaolong e a neng a direla mo go yone go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009) go ya kwa ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019). <ref name="life2" /> == Tiro == Byrd o ne a tlhophiwa mo ntlong ya puso go emela Laramie County ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980), a nna mosadi wa ntlha wa motho montsho go direla mo lekgotleng la semolao la puso ya Wyoming. O ne a direla kwa ntlong ya puso dingwaga di le robedi pele ga a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la Senate ya Wyoming . <ref name="life2" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1988), Byrd le James Applegate ba ne ba fenya tlhopho ya Democratic ka ditilo lo di le pedi tsa senate go tswa kwa Laramie fa yo o neng a le mo maemong Alvin Wiederspahn a ne a latlhegelwa. <ref>{{Cite news|date=August 17, 1988|title=Applegate's credibility campaign edges Wiederspahn|page=A1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156156146/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=August 17, 1988|title=Wiederspahn defeated in Laramie|page=B1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156156155/}}</ref> O ne a dirisa madi a ka na kang $1,094 ka nako ya letsholo la ntlha. <ref>{{Cite news|date=November 2, 1988|title=State House candidates race to prime time|page=A8|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156156193/}}</ref> O ne a kgaoganngwa gape kwa kgaolong ya bo botlhano mme <ref>{{Cite news|date=February 27, 1992|title=Senate Terms|page=A5|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156212288/}}</ref> a latlhegelwa ke go tlhophiwa gape ke motlhophiwa wa Repaboliki Cynthia Lummis mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992). <ref name="election 1992">{{Cite news|date=November 5, 1992|title=1992 election results|page=13|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81352447/casper-star-tribune/}}</ref> Byrd o ne a kgobokanya le go dirisa $1,691 mo ditlhophong tsa motheo le $8,187 mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso kgatlhanong le $10,662 a a dirisitsweng ke Lummis. <ref>{{Cite news|date=January 12, 1993|title=Senate District 5|page=D5|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156212773/}}</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo ntlong ya puso e ne e le leloko la Dipalamo le Ditsela tse ditona, le dikomiti tsa Thuto, Botsogo le Boitekanelo. <ref>{{Cite news|date=December 9, 1980|title=State House Committees give legislators assignments|page=A10|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156154455/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=November 18, 1984|title=Democrats select new leadership|page=B1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156154741/}}</ref> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo senateng ya puso o ne a direla mo komiting ya Thuto. <ref>{{Cite news|date=December 11, 1990|title=Senate Democrats pick Prevedel, Fanos as new legislative leaders|page=B1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156212655/}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabingwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1987), o ne a golagana le Lauris Tysdal mme a bewa ka fa morago ga Dan S. Budd go nna moemedi yo o maswe go gaisa wa puso mo kopanong ya bo masome a mane le borobabongwe . <ref>{{Cite news|date=March 8, 1987|title=The 10 worst legislators|page=A1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156155152/}}</ref> O ne a ema Jesse Jackson nokeng ka nako ya ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa bo Tautona tsa Democratic tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1988) <ref>{{Cite news|date=May 8, 1988|title=Dukakis enjoys delegate edge|page=3C|work=[[Billings Gazette]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-billings-gazette/156223930/}}</ref> mme a tsenelela Bokoopano jwa Bosetšhaba jwa Democratic ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992) jaaka moemedi yo o sa ineelang. <ref>{{Cite news|date=May 4, 1992|title=Wyoming Democrats conclude convention with short platform|page=B1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156212855/}}</ref> Chuck Graves, modulasetilo wa Lekoko la Temokerasi la Wyoming, o ne a bua le Byrd ka ga go tsenelela kgotsa emela ditlhopho tsa Senateng ya United States mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990) kgatlhanong le Mosenatoro wa gompieni wa Repaboliki Alan Simpson . <ref>{{Cite news|date=April 25, 1990|title=Bebout considering challenge to Simpson|page=1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81294554/casper-star-tribune/}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Byrd o ne a tlogela go ruta ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997). Monna wa gagwe o ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa dikete te pedi le botlhano (2005), mme ene a tlhokafala kwa Cheyenne ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015).<ref name="life2" /><ref name="history" /> == Maemo a sepolotiki == Byrd o ne a tshegediwa ke AFL-CIO mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980), 1984 le 1988. <ref>{{Cite news|date=October 23, 1980|title=Union backs candidate|page=B1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156154216/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=September 23, 1984|title=AFL-CIO endorses McFadden, ignores Senate|page=B1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156154625/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=August 30, 1988|title=State union endorses candidates|page=4D|work=[[Billings Gazette]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-billings-gazette/156223952/}}</ref> O ne a kopa gore go tlhomiwe letsatsi la boikhutso go tlotla Martin Luther King Jr. mo maemong a puso. <ref>{{Cite news|date=January 14, 1986|title=Byrd urges Wyoming to honor the Rev. King|page=B1|work=[[Casper Star-Tribune]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/156154931/}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1987, Byrd le mosenatoro wa lefatshe Dick Schmidt ba ne ba tshikinya molao wa gore go dirwe tumalano ya go tlhama thulaganyo ya lotho ya lefatshe lotlhe mo pampiring ya go tlhopha. <ref>{{Cite news|date=November 4, 1987|title=Legislators seek statewide lottery|page=35|work=[[Jackson Hole News&Guide]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/jackson-hole-news/156155323/}}</ref> == Ditso tsa ditlhopho == {{Election box begin|title=1986 Wyoming House of Representatives Laramie County election<ref name="election 1986" />}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Harriet Elizabeth Byrd (incumbent)|votes=14,985|percentage=8.39%|change=}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[Lynn Birleffi]]|votes=13,849|percentage=7.75%|change=}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=[[Cynthia Lummis]] (incumbent)|votes=12,519|percentage=7.01%|change=}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[Guy Cameron]]|votes=12,416|percentage=6.95%|change=}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[Steve Freudenthal]]|votes=12,103|percentage=6.78%|change=}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[Shirley Humphrey]]|votes=11,817|percentage=6.62%|change=}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[Mary Kay Schwope]]|votes=11,243|percentage=6.29%|change=}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=[[Bill McIlvain]] (incumbent)|votes=10,874|percentage=6.09%|change=}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=[[Ellen Crowley]]|votes=10,710|percentage=6.00%|change=}} {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Gary Yordy|votes=10,619|percentage=5.95%|change=}} {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=April Brimmer Kunz|votes=10,604|percentage=5.94%|change=}} {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Robert Larson|votes=8,386|percentage=4.70%|change=}} {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Carolyn G. Johnson|votes=7,959|percentage=4.46%|change=}} {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Charles A. Hunter|votes=6,806|percentage=3.81%|change=}} {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Ben Zavorka|votes=6,522|percentage=3.65%|change=}} {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Lou Mandis|votes=5,969|percentage=3.34%|change=}} {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Ron G. Pretty|votes=5,752|percentage=3.22%|change=}} {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Mary Jean McDowell Baker|votes=5,475|percentage=3.07%|change=}} {{Election box total||votes=178,608|percentage=100.00%|change=}} {{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=1992 Wyoming Senate 5th district election<ref name="election 1992" />}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=[[Cynthia Lummis]]|votes=3,434|percentage=52.86%|change=}} {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Harriet Elizabeth Byrd (incumbent)|votes=3,062|percentage=47.14%|change=}} {{Election box total||votes=6,496|percentage=100.00%|change=}} {{Election box end}} == Ditshupiso == 04cphd2xg85jkpie7hjozm950dzjhb9 0 15248 55579 2026-09-24T17:43:35Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375565281|Frazelia Campbell]]" 55579 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frazelia Campbell''' (O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le lesome le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa sekete, amgkolo a robabobedi le masome a mane le borobabongwe (1849) - Go filtha kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola ga tlhano (1930) e ne e le moitseanape wa dibuka tsa bogologolo tsa Moamerika, moitseanape wa puo ebile ele morutabana. O ne a supiwa mo ditshupong tsa "12 Black Classicists" tse di neng di keteka diphitlhelelo tsa Maaforika a kwa Amerika a a berekang mo thutong ya Classical. == Botshelo jwa pele == Frazelia Campbell o tsholetswe kwa Charleston, kwa Bokone jwa Carolina ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le lesome le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane le borobabongwe (1849) kwa go Frederick le Julia Swartz Campbell. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Gordon |first=Laura |title=CAMPBELL, Frazelia |url=https://dbcs.rutgers.edu/all-scholars/8590-campbell-frazelia |access-date=2018-11-23 |website=Departmental Web Site Template {{!}} Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Thuto == Campbell o ne a ithuta kwa Setheong sa Banana ba batho Mmala sa Philadelphia ( ICY ), mme a aloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le bosupa (1867). <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Ronnick |first=Michele |date=2004 |title=Twelve Black Classicists |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20163940 |journal=Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=85–102 |jstor=20163940 |access-date=2021-12-07}}</ref> ICY e ne ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo le borobabongwe (1839) ke Mokgatlho wa Ditsala o o neng o theile thuto ya one mo kharikhulamong ya bogologolo. O ka tswa a ne a rutwa ke Fanny Jackson Coppin, sealogane kwa sekolong sa Oberlin le molweladithuto wa basadi yo o neng a ruta Segerika, Selatine le Dipalo kwa setheong seno go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le botlhano (1865) mme a nna Mogokgo wa sone go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le borobabongwe (1869) go ya kwa go wa 1902. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Jackson Coppin |first=Fanny |date= |title=Reminiscences of School Life; and Hints on Teaching |url=https://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/jacksonc/jackson.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2018-11-23 |website=docsouth.unc.edu}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-11-20 |title=Fannie Jackson Coppin (1837-1913) • BlackPast |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/coppin-fannie-jackson-1837-1913/ |access-date=2019-04-18 |website=BlackPast |language=en-US}}</ref> Campbell o ne a kwala pampiri e e bidiwang "The Worth of Books" ka thulaganyo ya go simolola sekolo ka ngwaga wa 1865, mme e nngwe ka ngwaga wa 1866 e e bidiwang "Sic Itur ad Astra." Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, ka ngwaga wa 1868, o ne a tlhagisa tlhamo ya gagwe ya "Virgil and Grey" kwa tshimologong ya mariga . <ref name="Meng">{{Cite web |last=Meng |first=James |date= |title=CAMPBELL, Frazelia |url=https://dbcs.rutgers.edu/all-scholars/8590-campbell-frazelia |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-04-18 |website=Departmental Web Site Template {{!}} Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey |language=en-gb}}</ref> Thuto ya gagwe ga e a ka ya felela foo ka gonne o ne a wetsa sekolo sa selemo kwa Sekolong sa Pennsylvania ka ngwaga wa 1908. <ref name=":12" /> == Tiro == Fa a sena go aloga, Campbell o ne a simolola go dira kwa Lekalaneng la Banana la batho ba Mmala, a ruta Selatine, Sejeremane le [[Sespan|Sepanishe]] . <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1876, o ne a nna tlhogo ya lephata la basadi la lekalana leo. <ref name="Gordon">{{Cite web |last=Gordon |first=Laura |title=CAMPBELL, Frazelia |url=https://dbcs.rutgers.edu/all-scholars/8590-campbell-frazelia |access-date=2022-01-20 |website=dbcs.rutgers.edu |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1876, o ne a nna mogokgo wa Sekolo se Segolo sa Basetsana kwa lekalaneng leo. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":6" /> Fa Lekalana leo le ne le kgaotsa tiro ya sone ya thuto ka ngwaga wa 1902, Campbell o ne a fudugela kwa tirong ya go ruta kwa Sekolong sa Allen kwa Columbia, kwa South Carolina, e leng sekolo se se neng sa tlhongwa go tshegetsa thuto ya batho ba Maaforika kwa Amerika. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /> Ka nako ya fa a ne a le kwa Lekalaneng la Banana ba Mmala le kwa Sekolong se setona sa Allen, o ne a gatisa ditlhogo ka dintlha tse di farologaneng tsa bogologolo le tsa thuto mo Tlhatlhobong ya Kereke ya Episcopal ya Methodist ya Aforika . <ref name=":2" /> <ref>{{Cite book |date=2016 |title=Women Classical Scholars: Unsealing the Fountain from the Renaissance to Jacqueline de Romilly |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pOYoDQAAQBAJ&q=Frazelia+Campbell&pg=PT210 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780198725206 |editor-last=Wyles |editor-first=Rosie |language=en |editor-last2=Hall |editor-first2=Edith |editor-link2=Edith Hall}}</ref> Campbell o ne a ruta Selatine, Sejeremane le Sepanishe <ref name="Gordon" /> kwa Sekolong se setona sa Allen go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1912; nako nngwe morago ga seo o ne a boela kwa Filadelefia. <ref name=":2" /> == Leso == Campbell o ne a nna kwa Philadelphia kwa a neng a tlhokafala teng kwa legaeng la gagwe, kwa 621 N. Fifty-Seven St. Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa 1930. O tlhokafetse a le dingwaga di le masome a robabobedi le bongwe mme o fitlhilwe mo setsheng sa lelwapa kwa Mabitleng a Eden . Leno ke lefelo la phitlho le le neng la hirisediwa batho bantsho ka ngwaga wa 1902 kwa Kgaolong ya Delaware, kwa Pennsylvania. <ref name=":2" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Historic Eden Cemetery |url=https://www.edencemetery.org/ |access-date=2019-04-18 |website=Historic Eden Cemetery |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ditiro tse di tlhomologileng == Nngwe ya ditlhamo tsa gagwe tse di neng di amana le kakanyo ya ga Tacitus ya basadi ba Bajeremane e e bidiwang 'Tacitus' German Women', <ref>{{Cite journal |last=RONNICK |first=MICHELE VALERIE |date=2015 |title=Writings on Classical Subjects by People of African Descent, 1576-1962: A Preliminary Survey |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44216281 |journal=Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement |issue=128 |pages=97–114 |issn=2398-3264 |jstor=44216281}}</ref> e ne ya gatisiwa mo ''African Methodist Episcopal Review.'' <ref name="Gordon" /> Tiro ya gagwe e ne ya tlhagisa basetsana ba bannye ba Maaforika-Amerika kgatlhanong le go amogela tlhamane ya Sejeremane ka bonako thata. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moses |first=Wilson J. |date=1989 |title=Dark Forests and Barbarian Vigor: Paradox, Conflict, and Africanity in Black Writing Before 1914 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/1.3.637 |journal=American Literary History |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=637–655 |doi=10.1093/alh/1.3.637 |issn=0896-7148 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Campbell o ne a sa dumalane le Elizabeth Cady Stanton, yo o neng a golaganya "maemo a a tokafetseng a gompieno" a basadi ba segompieno le "maikutlo a a kwa godimo a basadi a a neng a le teng mo gare ga Bajeremane ka nako ya ga Tacitus." <ref name="Gordon" /> Ditshwaelo tsa gagwe gape di ne tsa farologanngwa le tsa ga Alexander Crummell, yo o neng a kwala ka kgang e e tshwanang dingwaga di le lesome pele ga foo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moses |first=Wilson J. |date=1989 |title=Dark Forests and Barbarian Vigor: Paradox, Conflict, and Africanity in Black Writing Before 1914 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/1.3.637 |journal=American Literary History |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=637–655 |doi=10.1093/alh/1.3.637 |issn=0896-7148 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Boswa == Campbell ke mongwe wa basadi ba le babedi fela, ene le Helen Maria Chesnutt, ba ba tla supiwang mo ditshupong tsa '12 Black Classicists', tse di ketekang dineelo tsa Maaforika a Amerika mo thutong ya Bogologolo mo lekgolong la dingwaga la bo lesome le borobabongwe le masome a mabedi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Black Classicists |url=https://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/6786?menuId=242 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226114442/https://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/6786%3FmenuId%3D242 |archive-date=2020-02-26 |access-date=2018-11-23 |website=chs.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bu.edu/today/2016/black-classics-scholars-an-untold-story/|title=Black Classics Scholars, an Untold Story {{!}} BU Today {{!}} Boston University|access-date=2018-11-23|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Eisen |first=Erica |date=2018-06-04 |title=Hidden figures: the importance of remembering black classicists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/jun/04/hidden-figures-the-importance-of-remembering-black-classicists |access-date=2018-11-23 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> O ne gape a umakiwa ka tlotlo mo Bokopanong jwa ga Lawson Andrew Scruggs jwa bo lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga la Basadi ba Bantsho ba ba tlhaolang. == Tlhopha dikgatiso == * "Die Beiden Piccolomini," ''African Methodist Episcopal Church Review'' 1 (Jan., 1885), pp.&#x20;200–204 ** "Tacitus' German Women," ''African Methodist Episcopal Church Review'' 2 (Oct., 1885), pp.&#x20;167–73 ** "Milton's Satan," ''African Methodist Episcopal Church Review'' 7 (Oct., 1885), pp.&#x20;196–198 ** "The Sixteenth Century in the Education of Modern Thought," ''African Methodist Episcopal Church Review'' 19 (July, 1903), pp.&#x20;31–40. <ref name="Meng" /> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] g7bv29japn64pyei3nibtjdhqb8gwje 0 15249 55585 2026-09-24T18:17:32Z Ngwanana 12523 flovours of drinks and their sizes 55585 wikitext text/x-wiki '''DINOTSIDIDI''' [[Setshwantsho:Vintage Coca-Cola Vending Machine-01.jpg|thumb|285x285px|mochene wa dinotsididi]] '''Dinotsidid'''i ke ngwe ya dino tse di monate mme tse di rategang.Dinotsididi di na le ditatso di le mmalwa tse di farologaneng,mme motho ngwe le mongwe o na le tatso eo e na a e ratang.Mo AforikaBorwa re na le setlamo se se kgethegileng seo se re direlang dinotsididi tse tsa rona.Setlamo se se kgethegileng se se bidiwang COCA-COLA.Senotsididi ke seno se se nang le tshukiri,nako nngwe se na le tatso ya maungo,jaaka namune,diterebe mme ga e na bojalwa. Senotsididi se ka nwa ke mongwe le mongwe fela o thwanetse o se nwe ka kelotlhoko,gonne se na le asiti le tshukiri e le ntsi,mme seo ga sa siamela motho fa a ka nwa senotsididi kgapetsakgapetsa,ka fa o ka lwala.Setlamo sa COCA-COLA ke sona se se itsegeng lefatshe ka bophara. DITSWAKI DINGWE TSE DI BONAGALANG MO SENOTSIDIDING Metsi Khabonetaeokosaete ditswaisi tse di jaaka sirapo ya mmidi ya fructose kgotsa sukiri Khafeini [[Setshwantsho:Supermarket in Sigatoka, Fiji 11.jpg|thumb|336x336px|dinotsididi]] Diesiti tse di jaaka esiti ya fosforiki esitiya sateriki Motswako mongwe le mongwe o na le seabe se se rileng mo go reng seno se latswega jang,se lebega jang le gore se utlwala jang. Senotsididi se ka phukelwa teng ga mabotlolo a galase,mabotlolo a polasitiki kgotsa teng ga dithini,tse di nang le bogolo jo bo farologaneng. == DITSHUPISO == # https://tandobeverage.com/what-is-in-fizzy-drinks-tan-do-beverage/ # https://www.waltons.co.za/shop/refreshments-catering/beverages/soft-drinks?srsltid=AU7gw4U9RJsw6z0R00ZYtO410G1bWanvWN5-z4teB0_mn7Cm15SA9xsK [[Karolo:Vending machine]] [[Karolo:Coca.cola]] [[Karolo:Types of fizzy drinks]] [[Karolo:Flavours]] m6w80wbklbjdj1z14s6m59j1c4wmhsj 0 15250 55586 2026-09-24T18:18:12Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374068980|Fannie Cobb Carter]]" 55586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fannie Cobb Carter''' (O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le masome a mararo, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bobedi (1872) &#x2013; Go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borao (1973 ) e ne e le morutabana wa Moamerika, mothusi wa batho, le molweladitshwanelo tsa go kopanya dikolo kwa United States . == Botshelo jwa Pele == Fannie Cobb o tsholetswe kwa Charleston, kwa Virginia Bophirima . O tshotswe ka one ngwaga o go neng ga fetisiwa molaotheo wa lefatshe ka one o o neng o thibela bana ba batho bantsho le ba batho basweu go tsena dikolo tse di tshwanang. Morwadia batho ba babedi ba pele ba ba neng ba le makgoba, <ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Butler |first=Dee |date=1987 |title=The Emergence of Women in West Virginia History: A Title IX Project for Social Studies |id={{ERIC|ED292748}}}}</ref> Fannie o ne a simolola sekolo sa gagwe kwa sekolong sa batho Bantsho kwa Charleston mo Mmileng wa Quarrier. Fa mmaagwe a tlhokafala, Fannie o ne a nna le nkokoagwe yo o neng a berekela Charles Lewis, <ref name=":1" /> yo o neng a letla Fannie go rutwa le bana ba gagwe ke mmusi wa bone. Fa a sena go aloga kwa sekolong se segolo, o ne a bona dithuto tsa gagwe tsa degree ya borutabana kwa Sekolo sa Storer kwa Harpers Ferry, kwa Bophirima jwa Virginia, ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bongwe( 1891). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kreiser |first=Christine |title=Fannie Cobb Carter |url=http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/990 |access-date=February 12, 2016 |website=e-WV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peeks |first=Edward |date=June 5, 1977 |title=Remembering Miss Fannie |url=http://www.wvculture.org/history/africanamericans/carterfanniecobb02.html |access-date=February 13, 2016 |website=West Virginia Archives and History |publisher=Charleston Sunday Gazette-Mail}}</ref> Kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), Carter o ne a tsamaya le Diopedi tsa Lekalana la Hampton go tswa kwa Hampton, Virginia . O ne a tsamaya le bone go ralala Yuropa, le fa e ne e se seopedi. Gape o ne a tsena Sekolo sa Hampton ka nakwana. <ref name="CSG">{{Cite web |last=Peeks |first=Edward |title=Remembering Miss Fannie |url=http://www.wvculture.org/history/africanamericans/carterfanniecobb02.html |access-date=22 November 2016 |website=Charleston Sunday Gazette-Mail}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa mogolo == Fannie o ne a nyala Emery Rankin Carter ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bongwe (1911), yo e neng e le mmueledi kwa Charleston, kwa Bophirima jwa Virginia. Ba ne ba nna mo tikologong ya South Hills. Carter o ne a nna tsala le Mmusi wa Bophirima jwa Virginia e bong Homer Holt morago ga gore a mo kope gore a emise go kalediwa ga mosadi mongwe phatlalatsa kwa Fairmont, kwa Bophirima jwa Virginia . Go begwa fa Carter a ne a re, ''"Mmusi, mosadi o tlile go kalediwa. O a itse gore mosadi ga a ise a ke a kalediwe kwa West Virginia. O ka se batle gore seo se diragale mo pusong ya gago, a ga go jalo?"'' puisano eo e ne ya dira gore katlholo ya mosadi yong e fetolwe go nna botshelo jotlhe jwa kgolegelo.  == Tiro == Fa a sena go amogela dikirii ya gagwe ya pele ga kalogo, kwa tshimologong Carter o ne a ruta kwa West Virginia, kwa dikolong tsa puso tsa Kanawha County. <ref name="WVP">{{Cite web |title=March 29, 1973: Educator Fannie Cobb Carter Dies in Charleston |url=http://wvpublic.org/post/march-29-1973-educator-fannie-cobb-carter-dies-charleston |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122154106/http://wvpublic.org/post/march-29-1973-educator-fannie-cobb-carter-dies-charleston |archive-date=22 November 2016 |access-date=22 November 2016 |website=WV Public Radio}}</ref> Go ne ga nna le "tlhakatlhakano e e seng kana ka sepe" <ref name=":1" /> e e bakilweng ke go thapiwa ga gagwe, ka gonne go ne ga dirwa dipolelo tsa gore o tlhaela botsipa. Go dira sentle mo tirong ya gagwe, o ne a fetsa selemo sa gagwe a atolosa kitso ya gagwe ya borutabana ka go oketsa bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa dithutego kwa dikolong di tshwana Hampton, Oberlin, le Sekolo se setona sa Ohio State . <ref name=":1" /> Cobb e ne e le leloko le le simolotseng Lekgotla la Tokafatso la Basadi la Charleston ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi(1898). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bickley |first=Ancella |date= |title="Lifting as We Climb" Charleston Woman's Improvement League |url=http://www.wvculture.org/goldenseal/winter04/womens.html |access-date=February 13, 2016 |website=West Virginia Division of Culture and History |publisher=Goldenseal}}</ref> [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001065161 Thomas Miller], Mookamedi wa Dikolo tsa lefatshe kwa West Virginia, o ne a mo golola mo konterakeng ya gagwe ya go rulaganya lephata la barutabana le bakatisi kwa sekolong sa batho ba Mmala sa West Virginia ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1908), kwa a neng a nna teng dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi. Sekolo seo se gompieno se bidiwa sekolo se setona sa lefatshe la West Virginia . Fannie e ne e le morutabana wa batho Bantsho yo o neng a duelwa madi a mantsi go gaisa botlhe mo pusong, a dira madi a ka tshwarang $700 ka ngwaga. <ref name=":1" /> Ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1920), Carter o ne a itsege jaaka mosadi wa ntlha wa motho montsho go bereka mo pampiring ya dikgang kwa West Virginia, mme gape o ne a bonwa jaaka "moeteledipele mo ntweng kgatlhanong le go sa itse go bala le go kwala." <ref name="HH">{{Cite web |title=Roane Woman Arrested For Wearing Pants in 1923 |url=http://www.hurherald.com/cgi-bin/db_scripts/articles?Action=user_view&db=hurheral_articles&id=42400 |access-date=22 November 2016 |website=Hur Herald}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le botlhano (1925), Carter o ne a tlhomiwa go nna mookamedi wa Legae la Madirelo la Puso la Basetsana ba Mmala kwa Huntington, kwa Bophirima jwa Virginia . <ref name="BG">{{Cite book |last=Eichholz |first=Alice |date=2003 |title=Black Genesis: A Resource Book for African-American Genealogy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zSqqEveHsv8C&q=Fannie+Cobb+Carter&pg=PA357 |last2=Rose |first2=James M. |publisher=Genealogical Publishing Company |isbn=9780806317359 |edition=2nd |location=Baltimore, MD |access-date=22 November 2016}}</ref> O ne a amogela maemo ano morago ga loso lwa monna wa gagwe e bong Emory Carter. O ne a gana go tsaya maemo ao go fitlha ditshipi tse di neng di le mo metlhabaphefong ya ntlo eo di ntshiwa ke puso. <ref name="WVP" /> O ne a nna mo maemong ao dingwaga di le lesome. <ref name="CSG" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le botlhano (1935), Carter o ne a boela kwa Charleston mme a tlhomiwa go nna mokaedi wa thuto ya bagolo ya dikolo tsa Kanawha County. O ne a tlogela tiro mo maemong ano dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana. <ref name="CSG" /> Go ise go ye kae o ne a nna Mogolwane kwa Sekolong sa Bosechaba sa Kgwebisano le Boitsaanape sa Basadi le Basetsana kwa [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le botlhano (1945), mme a tswelela pele go nna Tautona wa nakwana wa sekolo seo a le dingwaga di le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe . <ref name="BG" /> O ne a berekela koo dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa ka kakaretso. <ref name="CSG" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bobedi (1962), o ne a boela kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa Charleston, kwa a neng a nna teng go fitlha a tllhokafala. <ref name="WVP" /> Mo godimo ga moo, o ne a nna matlhagatlhaga mo setšhabeng sa Maaforika le Maamerika go fitlha morago ga letsatsi la gagwe la matsalo la bo lekgolo ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le boraro (1973). <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="WVP" /> Mo tirong ya gagwe, o ne a buelela go kopanngwa ga dikolo ka tlhamalalo. O ne a dumela gore go kopanngwa ga go a tshwanela go tla ka tshenyegelo ya gore diphitlhelelo tsa Maaforika-Amerika di se ka tsa lemogwa, le ditiragalo tsa merafe di phimolwa mo moalong wa thuto. <ref name="CSG" /> Mo botshelong jwa gagwe jotlhe, o ne a bona thuto ya morago ga kalogo kwa Sekolong se setona sa Ohio State, kwa sekolong sa Oberlin, kwa sekolong se setona sa Chicago, le kwa Sekolong se setona sa Columbia . == Dietsele == Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le lesome le bongwe, mgwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977) ratoropo wa Charleston, John G. Hutchinson, o ne a bitsa letsatsi leo Letsatsi la ga Fannie Cobb Carter . <ref name="FCCD">{{Cite web |title=Proclamation by the Mayor |url=http://www.wvculture.org/history/africanamericans/carterfanniecobb04.jpg |access-date=22 November 2016 |website=WV Culture}}</ref> Gape o tlotliwa ka tshupo ya boronse go tswa kwa Mokgatlhong wa Thuto ya Botshelo le ditso ya Maaforika le Amerika, ka tiro ya bone ya Bosechaba ya Tshwao ya ditso. <ref name="CSG" /> == Ditshupiso == mmrbtjhjzt6qaeqaoy0n0evqyqkhf14 55588 55586 2026-09-24T18:22:37Z MmaBaggio 11091 55588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fannie Cobb Carter''' (O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le masome a mararo, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bobedi (1872) &#x2013; Go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borao (1973 ) e ne e le morutabana wa Moamerika, mothusi wa batho, le molweladitshwanelo tsa go kopanya dikolo kwa United States . == Botshelo jwa Pele == Fannie Cobb o tsholetswe kwa Charleston, kwa Virginia Bophirima . O tshotswe ka one ngwaga o go neng ga fetisiwa molaotheo wa lefatshe ka one o o neng o thibela bana ba batho bantsho le ba batho basweu go tsena dikolo tse di tshwanang. Morwadia batho ba babedi ba pele ba ba neng ba le makgoba, <ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Butler |first=Dee |date=1987 |title=The Emergence of Women in West Virginia History: A Title IX Project for Social Studies |id={{ERIC|ED292748}}}}</ref> Fannie o ne a simolola sekolo sa gagwe kwa sekolong sa batho Bantsho kwa Charleston mo Mmileng wa Quarrier. Fa mmaagwe a tlhokafala, Fannie o ne a nna le nkokoagwe yo o neng a berekela Charles Lewis, <ref name=":1" /> yo o neng a letla Fannie go rutwa le bana ba gagwe ke mmusi wa bone. Fa a sena go aloga kwa sekolong se segolo, o ne a bona dithuto tsa gagwe tsa degree ya borutabana kwa Sekolo sa Storer kwa Harpers Ferry, kwa Bophirima jwa Virginia, ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bongwe( 1891). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kreiser |first=Christine |title=Fannie Cobb Carter |url=http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/990 |access-date=February 12, 2016 |website=e-WV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peeks |first=Edward |date=June 5, 1977 |title=Remembering Miss Fannie |url=http://www.wvculture.org/history/africanamericans/carterfanniecobb02.html |access-date=February 13, 2016 |website=West Virginia Archives and History |publisher=Charleston Sunday Gazette-Mail}}</ref> Kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), Carter o ne a tsamaya le Diopedi tsa Lekalana la Hampton go tswa kwa Hampton, Virginia . O ne a tsamaya le bone go ralala Yuropa, le fa e ne e se seopedi. Gape o ne a tsena Sekolo sa Hampton ka nakwana. <ref name="CSG">{{Cite web |last=Peeks |first=Edward |title=Remembering Miss Fannie |url=http://www.wvculture.org/history/africanamericans/carterfanniecobb02.html |access-date=22 November 2016 |website=Charleston Sunday Gazette-Mail}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa mogolo == Fannie o ne a nyala Emery Rankin Carter ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bongwe (1911),<ref>Ancestry Library Edition</ref> yo e neng e le mmueledi kwa Charleston, kwa Bophirima jwa Virginia. Ba ne ba nna mo tikologong ya South Hills.<ref>Matz, Barbara and Janet Craig (Project Director and Project Coordinator). ''Missing Chapters: West Virginia Women In History''. Charleston: Women's Commission, 1983, pp. 3-5, 21-23 and 41-43.</ref> Carter o ne a nna tsala le Mmusi wa Bophirima jwa Virginia e bong Homer Holt morago ga gore a mo kope gore a emise go kalediwa ga mosadi mongwe phatlalatsa kwa Fairmont, kwa Bophirima jwa Virginia . Go begwa fa Carter a ne a re, ''"Mmusi, mosadi o tlile go kalediwa. O a itse gore mosadi ga a ise a ke a kalediwe kwa West Virginia. O ka se batle gore seo se diragale mo pusong ya gago, a ga go jalo?"'' <ref>Comstock, Jim. West Virginia Women. Richwood, 1974, pg. 56</ref> puisano eo e ne ya dira gore katlholo ya mosadi yong e fetolwe go nna botshelo jotlhe jwa kgolegelo.  == Tiro == Fa a sena go amogela dikirii ya gagwe ya pele ga kalogo, kwa tshimologong Carter o ne a ruta kwa West Virginia, kwa dikolong tsa puso tsa Kanawha County. <ref name="WVP">{{Cite web |title=March 29, 1973: Educator Fannie Cobb Carter Dies in Charleston |url=http://wvpublic.org/post/march-29-1973-educator-fannie-cobb-carter-dies-charleston |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122154106/http://wvpublic.org/post/march-29-1973-educator-fannie-cobb-carter-dies-charleston |archive-date=22 November 2016 |access-date=22 November 2016 |website=WV Public Radio}}</ref> Go ne ga nna le "tlhakatlhakano e e seng kana ka sepe" <ref name=":1" /> e e bakilweng ke go thapiwa ga gagwe, ka gonne go ne ga dirwa dipolelo tsa gore o tlhaela botsipa. Go dira sentle mo tirong ya gagwe, o ne a fetsa selemo sa gagwe a atolosa kitso ya gagwe ya borutabana ka go oketsa bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa dithutego kwa dikolong di tshwana Hampton, Oberlin, le Sekolo se setona sa Ohio State . <ref name=":1" /> Cobb e ne e le leloko le le simolotseng Lekgotla la Tokafatso la Basadi la Charleston ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi(1898). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bickley |first=Ancella |date= |title="Lifting as We Climb" Charleston Woman's Improvement League |url=http://www.wvculture.org/goldenseal/winter04/womens.html |access-date=February 13, 2016 |website=West Virginia Division of Culture and History |publisher=Goldenseal}}</ref> [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001065161 Thomas Miller], Mookamedi wa Dikolo tsa lefatshe kwa West Virginia, o ne a mo golola mo konterakeng ya gagwe ya go rulaganya lephata la barutabana le bakatisi kwa sekolong sa batho ba Mmala sa West Virginia ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1908), kwa a neng a nna teng dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi. Sekolo seo se gompieno se bidiwa sekolo se setona sa lefatshe la West Virginia . Fannie e ne e le morutabana wa batho Bantsho yo o neng a duelwa madi a mantsi go gaisa botlhe mo pusong, a dira madi a ka tshwarang $700 ka ngwaga. <ref name=":1" /> Ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1920), Carter o ne a itsege jaaka mosadi wa ntlha wa motho montsho go bereka mo pampiring ya dikgang kwa West Virginia, mme gape o ne a bonwa jaaka "moeteledipele mo ntweng kgatlhanong le go sa itse go bala le go kwala." <ref name="HH">{{Cite web |title=Roane Woman Arrested For Wearing Pants in 1923 |url=http://www.hurherald.com/cgi-bin/db_scripts/articles?Action=user_view&db=hurheral_articles&id=42400 |access-date=22 November 2016 |website=Hur Herald}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le botlhano (1925), Carter o ne a tlhomiwa go nna mookamedi wa Legae la Madirelo la Puso la Basetsana ba Mmala kwa Huntington, kwa Bophirima jwa Virginia . <ref name="BG">{{Cite book |last=Eichholz |first=Alice |date=2003 |title=Black Genesis: A Resource Book for African-American Genealogy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zSqqEveHsv8C&q=Fannie+Cobb+Carter&pg=PA357 |last2=Rose |first2=James M. |publisher=Genealogical Publishing Company |isbn=9780806317359 |edition=2nd |location=Baltimore, MD |access-date=22 November 2016}}</ref> O ne a amogela maemo ano morago ga loso lwa monna wa gagwe e bong Emory Carter. O ne a gana go tsaya maemo ao go fitlha ditshipi tse di neng di le mo metlhabaphefong ya ntlo eo di ntshiwa ke puso. <ref name="WVP" /> O ne a nna mo maemong ao dingwaga di le lesome. <ref name="CSG" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le botlhano (1935), Carter o ne a boela kwa Charleston mme a tlhomiwa go nna mokaedi wa thuto ya bagolo ya dikolo tsa Kanawha County. O ne a tlogela tiro mo maemong ano dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana. <ref name="CSG" /> Go ise go ye kae o ne a nna Mogolwane kwa Sekolong sa Bosechaba sa Kgwebisano le Boitsaanape sa Basadi le Basetsana kwa [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le botlhano (1945), mme a tswelela pele go nna Tautona wa nakwana wa sekolo seo a le dingwaga di le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe . <ref name="BG" /> O ne a berekela koo dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa ka kakaretso. <ref name="CSG" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bobedi (1962), o ne a boela kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa Charleston, kwa a neng a nna teng go fitlha a tllhokafala. <ref name="WVP" /> Mo godimo ga moo, o ne a nna matlhagatlhaga mo setšhabeng sa Maaforika le Maamerika go fitlha morago ga letsatsi la gagwe la matsalo la bo lekgolo ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le boraro (1973). <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="WVP" /> Mo tirong ya gagwe, o ne a buelela go kopanngwa ga dikolo ka tlhamalalo. O ne a dumela gore go kopanngwa ga go a tshwanela go tla ka tshenyegelo ya gore diphitlhelelo tsa Maaforika-Amerika di se ka tsa lemogwa, le ditiragalo tsa merafe di phimolwa mo moalong wa thuto. <ref name="CSG" /> Mo botshelong jwa gagwe jotlhe, o ne a bona thuto ya morago ga kalogo kwa Sekolong se setona sa Ohio State, kwa sekolong sa Oberlin, kwa sekolong se setona sa Chicago, le kwa Sekolong se setona sa Columbia . == Dietsele == Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le lesome le bongwe, mgwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977) ratoropo wa Charleston, John G. Hutchinson, o ne a bitsa letsatsi leo Letsatsi la ga Fannie Cobb Carter . <ref name="FCCD">{{Cite web |title=Proclamation by the Mayor |url=http://www.wvculture.org/history/africanamericans/carterfanniecobb04.jpg |access-date=22 November 2016 |website=WV Culture}}</ref> Gape o tlotliwa ka tshupo ya boronse go tswa kwa Mokgatlhong wa Thuto ya Botshelo le ditso ya Maaforika le Amerika, ka tiro ya bone ya Bosechaba ya Tshwao ya ditso. <ref name="CSG" /> == Ditshupiso == daxkxicipyii3gxnvh7f63eff6xozlq 0 15251 55589 2026-09-24T18:33:44Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373176965|Beverly Chester-Burton]]" 55589 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beverly Denise Chester-Burton''' (yo o tshotsweng ka kgwedi ya Phalane e thola ga raro, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bongwe (1961) ke radipolotiki wa Moamerika yo o ntseng e le leloko la Ntlo ya Baemedi ba Kentucky fa e sa le ka kgwedi ya HIrikgong e rongwa, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mebedi le boborarp (2023). O emela kgaolo ya Ntlo ya bo masome a mane le bone ya Kentucky. Kwa ntle ga dipolotiki, ke morutabana kwa Dikolong tsa Sechaba tsa Jefferson County . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beverly Chester-Burton |url=https://ky.emergeamerica.org/alumna/beverly-chester-burton/ |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Emerge Kentucky}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beverly Chester-Burton |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Beverly_Chester-Burton |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Ballotpedia}}</ref> Chester-Burton o ne a fenngwa ka ntlha ya go tlhophiwa sešha ke Kenya Wade mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro ( 2026) tsa Ntlo ya Baemedi ba Kentucky . == Ditso tsa ditlhopho == Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e tlhola borataro, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi, lesome le borobabobedi (2018), o ne a tlhophiwa go nna ratoropo wa ntlha wa Moaforika kwa Amerika wa Shively, Kentucky, ka palo ya 97.8% ya ditlalama morago ga go bereka dingwaga di le lesome mo Khanseleng ya toropo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashley |first=Phylicia |date=2018-11-07 |title=Shively elects first African-American mayor |url=https://www.wave3.com/2018/11/07/shively-elects-first-african-american-woman-mayor/ |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=wave3.com}}</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa ka kgwedi ya Ngwanaitseele e robabobedi, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi(2022), mo ditlhophong tsa Ntlo ya Baemedi ba Kentucky tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022) . O simolotse tiro ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e tlhila gangwe, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi,masome a mabedi le boraro (2023). == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Chester-Burton o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bongwe (1961) ke batsadi ba gagwe e bong Cozy le Linnes Chester yo Mogolo . O ne a aloga kwa Sekolong se setona sa Louisville, sa Spalding le sa Western Kentucky . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elected Official Detail Page |url=https://www.ciclt.net/sn/pol/po_detail.aspx?ClientCode=accg&P_ID=kysh044 |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=ciclt.net}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == 1gh9tbnmayrp2zec0r0rno7x8285r3n 55590 55589 2026-09-24T18:39:08Z MmaBaggio 11091 55590 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beverly Denise Chester-Burton''' (yo o tshotsweng ka kgwedi ya Phalane e thola ga raro, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bongwe (1961) ke radipolotiki wa Moamerika yo o ntseng e le leloko la Ntlo ya Baemedi ba Kentucky fa e sa le ka kgwedi ya HIrikgong e rongwa, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mebedi le boborarp (2023). O emela kgaolo ya Ntlo ya bo masome a mane le bone ya Kentucky. Kwa ntle ga dipolotiki, ke morutabana kwa Dikolong tsa Sechaba tsa Jefferson County . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beverly Chester-Burton |url=https://ky.emergeamerica.org/alumna/beverly-chester-burton/ |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Emerge Kentucky}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beverly Chester-Burton |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Beverly_Chester-Burton |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Ballotpedia}}</ref> Chester-Burton o ne a fenngwa ka ntlha ya go tlhophiwa sešha ke Kenya Wade mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro ( 2026) tsa Ntlo ya Baemedi ba Kentucky . {{Infobox officeholder|name=Beverly Chester-Burton|image=Beverly Chester-Burton.jpg|district=[[Kentucky's 44th House district|44th]]|predecessor=[[Joni Jenkins]]|term_start=Hirikgong 1, 2023|office2=Rratoropo wa [[Shively, Kentucky|Shively]]|party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|term_start2=Hirikgong 2019|term_end2=Hirikgong 2023|birth_date={{birth date and age|1961|10|03}}|education=[[University of Louisville]], [[Spalding University]], [[Western Kentucky University]]|state_house=Kentucky}} == Ditso tsa ditlhopho == Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e tlhola borataro, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi, lesome le borobabobedi (2018), o ne a tlhophiwa go nna ratoropo wa ntlha wa Moaforika kwa Amerika wa Shively, Kentucky, ka palo ya 97.8% ya ditlalama morago ga go bereka dingwaga di le lesome mo Khanseleng ya toropo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashley |first=Phylicia |date=2018-11-07 |title=Shively elects first African-American mayor |url=https://www.wave3.com/2018/11/07/shively-elects-first-african-american-woman-mayor/ |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=wave3.com}}</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa ka kgwedi ya Ngwanaitseele e robabobedi, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi(2022), mo ditlhophong tsa Ntlo ya Baemedi ba Kentucky tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022) . O simolotse tiro ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e tlhila gangwe, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi,masome a mabedi le boraro (2023). == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Chester-Burton o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bongwe (1961) ke batsadi ba gagwe e bong Cozy le Linnes Chester yo Mogolo . O ne a aloga kwa Sekolong se setona sa Louisville, sa Spalding le sa Western Kentucky . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elected Official Detail Page |url=https://www.ciclt.net/sn/pol/po_detail.aspx?ClientCode=accg&P_ID=kysh044 |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=ciclt.net}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == q8dfcil12xjtoq8mbegz0oa85n66k5s 0 15252 55591 2026-09-24T18:58:07Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342315217|Edna Meade Colson]]" 55591 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edna Meade Colson''' (O tshotswe la kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola ga supa, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1888) – Go fitlha kgwedi ya Hirikgong e le lesome le bosupa, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1985) <ref name="DVB">{{Cite web |title=Edna Meade Colson (7 October 1888–17 January 1985) |url=http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/dvb/bio.asp?b=Colson_Edna_Meade |access-date=September 16, 2017 |website=Dictionary of Virginia Biography}}</ref> e ne e le morutabana wa Moamerika, yo o neng a itsege ka seabe sa gagwe mo go tokafatseng phitlhelelo ya thuto mo Maaforika a kwa Amerika a Virginia. <ref name="LVA">{{Cite web |title=Edna Meade Colson (October 7, 1888–January 17, 1985) |url=http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/trailblazers/2008/index.htm?id=4 |access-date=September 16, 2017 |website=Library of Virginia}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Edna Meade Colson O tshotswe la kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola ga supa, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi 1(888) kwa Petersburg, Virginia . E ne e le ene yo motona mo baneng ba le batlhano ba barutabana ba ba tumileng, e bong James Major Colson le Kate Deaver Hill Colson. O amogetse BA ya gagwe kwa Sekolong se setona sa Fisk ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le botlhano (1915) mme a amogela Ph.D. go tswa kwa sekolong sa Barutabana, kwa Sekolong se setona sa Columbia ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane (1940). <ref name="LVA" /> Ene le kgaitsadie Myra Colson Callis ka bobedi ba ne ba bua kwa moletlong wa tshimolodiso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le botlhano (1915) kwa Fisk. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Dr. Brown Preaches to Fisk Students|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tennessean-dr-brown-preaches-to-fis/125620789/|accessdate=2025-02-02|pages=10}}</ref> Fa a sena go fenya dikgwetlho tsa gagwe tsa thuto e kgolwane, o ne a nna mmampodi wa go dira gore thuto ya dialogane e nne teng mo Maaforika a kwa Amerika. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bosupa (1937), Colson o ne a nna modulasetilo wa komiti ya go tsenya mo tirisong thulaganyo ya go ruta Maaforika a kwa Amerika dithuto tsa dialogane kwa Sekolong se setona sa Virginia State . Colson o ne a le matlhagatlhaga gape le mo dipolotiking go feta thuto. O ne a le mongwe wa basadi ba ntlha go ikwadisetsa go tlhopha morago ga go amogelwa ga Tlhabololo ya bo lesome le borobabongwe, ([[:en:Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution|19th Amendment]])mme e ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika kwa Amerika go nna leloko la botshelo jotlhe la Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Kgatelopele ya Batho ba Mmala [[:en:National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People|(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]]) . Colson o ne a nna le molekane wa gagwe Amaza Lee Meredith . Ba ne ba nna mo ntlong e e neng e le kwa Kgaolong ya Chesterfield, kwa Virginia, e e bidiwang " [[:en:Azurest_South|Azurest South]] ", e e neng e tlhamilwe ke Meredith. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Azurest South |url=http://www.aahistoricsitesva.org/items/show/30?tour=13&index=1 |access-date=September 16, 2017 |website=Virginia Foundation for the Humanities}}</ref> Colson o ne a tlogela tiro kwa sekolong se setona sa Virginia State ( e ka nako eo e neng e lesekolo sa Virginia State ) ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le boraro (1953). <ref name="LVA" /> O ne a tlhokafala a le dingwaga di le masome a robabongwe le borataro kwa legaeng la bagodi kwa Colonial Heights ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e le lesome le bosupa, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1985), mme a fitlhwa kwa Mabitleng a Eastview, kwa Toropo ya Petersburg, Virginia. <ref name="DVB" /> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] mk1nce9jyv6w54ow8sblb7nvydnegwk 55592 55591 2026-09-24T19:02:06Z MmaBaggio 11091 55592 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edna Meade Colson''' (O tshotswe la kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola ga supa, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1888) – Go fitlha kgwedi ya Hirikgong e le lesome le bosupa, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1985) <ref name="DVB">{{Cite web |title=Edna Meade Colson (7 October 1888–17 January 1985) |url=http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/dvb/bio.asp?b=Colson_Edna_Meade |access-date=September 16, 2017 |website=Dictionary of Virginia Biography}}</ref> e ne e le morutabana wa Moamerika, yo o neng a itsege ka seabe sa gagwe mo go tokafatseng phitlhelelo ya thuto mo Maaforika a kwa Amerika a Virginia. <ref name="LVA">{{Cite web |title=Edna Meade Colson (October 7, 1888–January 17, 1985) |url=http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/trailblazers/2008/index.htm?id=4 |access-date=September 16, 2017 |website=Library of Virginia}}</ref> {{Infobox person|name=Edna Meade Colson|image=Photo_of_Edna_Meade_Colson.jpg|birth_date={{birth date|1888|10|7|mf=y}}|birth_place=[[Petersburg, Virginia]], US|death_date={{death date and age|1985|1|17|1888|10|7|mf=y}}|death_place=[[Colonial Heights, Virginia|Colonial Heights]], Virginia, US|education=[[Fisk University]], [[Columbia University]]|occupation=Morutabana|partner(s)=[[Amaza Lee Meredith]]|relatives=[[Myra Colson Callis]] (sister)<br>[[Henry Arthur Callis]] (brother-in-law)}} == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Edna Meade Colson O tshotswe la kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola ga supa, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi 1(888) kwa [[Petersburg]], [[Virginia]] . E ne e le ene yo motona mo baneng ba le batlhano ba barutabana ba ba tumileng, e bong James Major Colson le Kate Deaver Hill Colson. O amogetse BA ya gagwe kwa Sekolong se setona sa Fisk ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le botlhano (1915) mme a amogela Ph.D. go tswa kwa sekolong sa Barutabana, kwa Sekolong se setona sa Columbia ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane (1940). <ref name="LVA" /> Ene le kgaitsadie Myra Colson Callis ka bobedi ba ne ba bua kwa moletlong wa tshimolodiso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le botlhano (1915) kwa Fisk. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Dr. Brown Preaches to Fisk Students|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tennessean-dr-brown-preaches-to-fis/125620789/|accessdate=2025-02-02|pages=10}}</ref> Fa a sena go fenya dikgwetlho tsa gagwe tsa thuto e kgolwane, o ne a nna mmampodi wa go dira gore thuto ya dialogane e nne teng mo Maaforika a kwa Amerika. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bosupa (1937), Colson o ne a nna modulasetilo wa komiti ya go tsenya mo tirisong thulaganyo ya go ruta Maaforika a kwa Amerika dithuto tsa dialogane kwa Sekolong se setona sa Virginia State . Colson o ne a le matlhagatlhaga gape le mo dipolotiking go feta thuto. O ne a le mongwe wa basadi ba ntlha go ikwadisetsa go tlhopha morago ga go amogelwa ga Tlhabololo ya bo lesome le borobabongwe, ([[:en:Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution|19th Amendment]])mme e ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika kwa Amerika go nna leloko la botshelo jotlhe la Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Kgatelopele ya Batho ba Mmala [[:en:National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People|(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]]) . Colson o ne a nna le molekane wa gagwe Amaza Lee Meredith . Ba ne ba nna mo ntlong e e neng e le kwa Kgaolong ya Chesterfield, kwa Virginia, e e bidiwang " [[:en:Azurest_South|Azurest South]] ", e e neng e tlhamilwe ke Meredith. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Azurest South |url=http://www.aahistoricsitesva.org/items/show/30?tour=13&index=1 |access-date=September 16, 2017 |website=Virginia Foundation for the Humanities}}</ref> Colson o ne a tlogela tiro kwa sekolong se setona sa Virginia State ( e ka nako eo e neng e lesekolo sa Virginia State ) ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le boraro (1953). <ref name="LVA" /> O ne a tlhokafala a le dingwaga di le masome a robabongwe le borataro kwa legaeng la bagodi kwa Colonial Heights ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e le lesome le bosupa, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1985), mme a fitlhwa kwa Mabitleng a Eastview, kwa Toropo ya Petersburg, Virginia. <ref name="DVB" /> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 4yh2yfz3dipzcr8yl6bf7cqwfbq9fzn 0 15253 55593 2026-09-24T19:15:01Z VNGao 10152 Created page with "'''[[:en:Al_Benson|Arthur Bernard]]''' Leaner ( o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mararo, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le borobabobedi mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi), yo o neng a itsege jaaka Al Benson, ene ele wa letso la Amerika a bereka jaaka motshamiki wa mmino mo Seromamoweng (DJ), yoo a dirang for mmino o itsagale, l..." 55593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Al_Benson|Arthur Bernard]]''' Leaner ( o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mararo, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le borobabobedi mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi), yo o neng a itsege jaaka Al Benson, ene ele wa letso la Amerika a bereka jaaka motshamiki wa mmino mo Seromamoweng (DJ), yoo a dirang for mmino o itsagale, le mong wa setlamo seo se katisang batshamiki ba mmino mo Chicago ,magareng ga dingwaga tsa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a mane gammogo le ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro.. He was particularly significant for his promotion of rhythm and blues music and black involvement in the recording industry in Chicago. == Botshelo jwa Gagwe == nc0v8sse41snvv2rs4134x3l299t8o5 0 15254 55594 2026-09-24T19:30:16Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356040264|Marie L. Clinton]]" 55594 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Marie Louise Clay Clinton''' (O tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bongwe (1871) – Go fitlha kgwedi ya Hirikgong e robabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bone (1934) e ne e le morutabana wa Moamerika, seopedi, le moeteledipele wa kereke. E ne e le mothei le mookamedi wa Mokgatlho wa Borongwa wa Bana wa Buds of Promise, ka fa tlase ga Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa Basadi wa kwa Legaeng le kwa Moseja (Women's Home and Overseas Missionary Society)(WH&OMS) wa Kereke ya Sione (Kereke ya Sione ya AME). == Botshelo jwa ntlha le thuto == Marie Louise Clay o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bongwe (1871), kwa Huntsville, Alabama <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1906 |title=Sara J. Duncan. Progressive Missions in the South and Addresses with Illustrations and Sketches of Missionary Workers and Ministers and Bishops' Wives. |url=https://docsouth.unc.edu/church/duncan/duncan.html |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=Documenting the American South |pages=81–83}}</ref> le morwadia Alfred Clay le Eliza Clay O ne a katisiwa go nna morutabana kwa Sekolong sa Alabama Bogare, mme a ithuta mmino kwa Sekolong se setona sa Clark Atlanta, mme a aloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1891) == Tiro == Clay o ne a ruta kwa sekolong sa Hot Springs, kwa Birmingham le kwa Huntsville . Gape e ne e le " seopedi se se tumileng mo lefatsheng", <ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Culp |first=Daniel Wallace |date=1902 |title=Twentieth Century Negro Literature: Or, A Cyclopedia of Thought on the Vital Topics Relating to the American Negro |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RZgLAAAAIAAJ&q=Mrs.+George+Wylie+Clinton&pg=PA114-IA2 |publisher=J.L. Nichols & Company |isbn=9780598621122 |pages=114 |language=en}}</ref> mme o ne a tsamaya ngwaga otlhe le setlhopha sa diopedi tsa jubilee . <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=1932-01-11|title=Bishop Clinton's Widow is Dead|pages=9|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52215183/bishop-clintons-widow-is-dead/|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> Morago ga lenyalo, o ne a le matlhagatlhaga jaaka mosadi wa ga bishopo le moeteledipele wa kereke ka boene. O ne a emela basadi ba AME Zion kwa Bokopanong jwa boditšhabatšhaba ya Bamethodise kwa Lontone ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bongwe (1901). <ref name=":0" /> Go tswa kwa Charlotte, Bokone jwa Carolina <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sims |first=Anastatia |date=1997 |title=The Power of Femininity in the New South: Women's Organizations and Politics in North Carolina, 1880-1930 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOAqWMwsgFcC&q=Mrs.+George+Wylie+Clinton&pg=PA19 |publisher=Univ of South Carolina Press |isbn=978-1-57003-178-6 |pages=19 |language=en}}</ref> o ne a bereka e le mookamedi wa Mokgatlho wa bosetšhaba wa Borongwa jwa Basha wa Buds of Promise, go tloga fa o ne o tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bone (1904) go ya go tsena ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bobedi (1932). <ref>{{Cite book |last=Bradley |first=David Henry |date=2020-03-09 |title=A History of the A. M. E. Zion Church, Part 2: 1872-1968 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5dXaDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Marie+L.+Clinton%22&pg=PA237 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-5326-8827-0 |pages=237 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |date=July 1922 |title=Missionary Seer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gH4zAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Marie+L.+Clinton%22&pg=PA257 |publisher=Department of Foreign Missions of the A.M.E. Zion Church |pages=7 |language=en}}</ref> O ne a tsamaya a bua kwa dikerekeng, mme a kgothaletsa diphuthego tsa lefelo leo go simolola dikgaolo tsa thulaganyo ya bana. <ref>{{Cite news|date=1905-09-21|title=Mrs. Bishop Clinton at Louisville|pages=8|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52215630/mrs-bishop-clinton-at-louisville/|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> Go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bongwe (1921) go kwa ngwageng wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bongwe (1931), e ne e le tlhogo ya Legae la Madirelo la Basetsana ba Mmala kwa Efland, kwa Bokone jwa Carolina . <ref name=":4">{{Cite news|date=1932-01-23|title=Bishop Clinton's Wife Dies at Chicago|pages=5|work=The New York Age|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52216019/bishop-clintons-wife-dies-at-chicago/|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bongwe (1901), Marie Louise Clay o ne a nyalwa ke George Wylie Clinton, yo e neng e le Mobishopo wa A.M.E. Zion Church, jaaka mosadi wa gagwe wa bobedi.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=1895 |title=J. W. Hood (James Walker), 1831-1918. One Hundred Years of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church; or, The Centennial of African Methodism. |url=https://docsouth.unc.edu/church/hood100/hood.html#p268 |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=Documenting the American South |pages=268–274}}</ref> O ne a nna motlholagadi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bongwe (1921) mme a tlhokafala morago ga go lwala lobaka lo loleele ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bone (1934),<ref name=":4" /> a le dingwaga di le masome a marataro le bobedi kwa kokelong ya Tuskegee Institute Hospital.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=1932-01-16|title=Mrs. Marie L. Clinton is Claimed by Death|pages=1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52214875/mrs-marie-l-clinton-is-claimed-by/|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> Thulaganyo ya Buds of Promise e ne ya tswelela ka go gola mo masomeng a dingwaga morago ga loso lwa ga Clinton. <ref>{{Cite news|date=1970-09-19|title='Golden Jubilee' of Fashions Nears|pages=3|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52216281/golden-jubilee-of-fashions-nears/|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bongwe (1951), dikereke tsa lekoko la AME Zion di tshwaya Sontaga wa tsone ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong jaaka "Letsatsi la ga Marie L. Clinton". == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] o1wu205x8pvjltclgunwh7bugwwj55y 55595 55594 2026-09-24T19:37:52Z MmaBaggio 11091 55595 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Marie Louise Clay Clinton''' (O tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bongwe (1871) – Go fitlha kgwedi ya Hirikgong e robabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bone (1934) e ne e le morutabana wa Moamerika, seopedi, le moeteledipele wa kereke. E ne e le mothei le mookamedi wa Mokgatlho wa Borongwa wa Bana wa Buds of Promise, ka fa tlase ga Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa Basadi wa kwa Legaeng le kwa Moseja (Women's Home and Overseas Missionary Society)(WH&OMS) wa Kereke ya Sione (Kereke ya Sione ya AME). {{Infobox person|name=Marie L. Clinton|image=MarieLClinton1922.jpg|alt=Mosadi mongwe yo o godileng wa Moafrika wa Moamerika yo o nang le moriri o mosweu, o ntse fa tafoleng, diatla le matlho a gagwe a lebile buka e e butsweng; go na le lebone le lennye le le kgabisitsweng gaufi le ene, le lace e le mo godimo ga letsela la tafole. O apere mosese kgotsa seaparo se se logilweng.|caption=Marie L. Clinton, go tswa mo kgatisong ya ngwaga wa 1922.|birth_date=1871|birth_place=Huntsville, Alabama|death_date=Hirikgong 9, 1934|death_place=Tuskegee Institute Hospital, Birmingham|occupation=Mogolwane lwa Kereke, Morutabana, Seopedi|known for=Motlhami wa Mokgatlho wa superintendent of the Buds of Promise Juvenile Mission Society|spouse(s)=Bishop George Wylie Clinton}} == Botshelo jwa ntlha le thuto == Marie Louise Clay o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bongwe (1871), kwa Huntsville, Alabama <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1906 |title=Sara J. Duncan. Progressive Missions in the South and Addresses with Illustrations and Sketches of Missionary Workers and Ministers and Bishops' Wives. |url=https://docsouth.unc.edu/church/duncan/duncan.html |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=Documenting the American South |pages=81–83}}</ref> le morwadia Alfred Clay le Eliza Clay O ne a katisiwa go nna morutabana kwa Sekolong sa Alabama Bogare, mme a ithuta mmino kwa Sekolong se setona sa Clark Atlanta, mme a aloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1891) == Tiro == Clay o ne a ruta kwa sekolong sa Hot Springs, kwa Birmingham le kwa Huntsville . Gape e ne e le " seopedi se se tumileng mo lefatsheng", <ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Culp |first=Daniel Wallace |date=1902 |title=Twentieth Century Negro Literature: Or, A Cyclopedia of Thought on the Vital Topics Relating to the American Negro |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RZgLAAAAIAAJ&q=Mrs.+George+Wylie+Clinton&pg=PA114-IA2 |publisher=J.L. Nichols & Company |isbn=9780598621122 |pages=114 |language=en}}</ref> mme o ne a tsamaya ngwaga otlhe le setlhopha sa diopedi tsa jubilee . <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=1932-01-11|title=Bishop Clinton's Widow is Dead|pages=9|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52215183/bishop-clintons-widow-is-dead/|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> Morago ga lenyalo, o ne a le matlhagatlhaga jaaka mosadi wa ga bishopo le moeteledipele wa kereke ka boene. O ne a emela basadi ba AME Zion kwa Bokopanong jwa boditšhabatšhaba ya Bamethodise kwa Lontone ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bongwe (1901). <ref name=":0" /> Go tswa kwa Charlotte, Bokone jwa Carolina <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sims |first=Anastatia |date=1997 |title=The Power of Femininity in the New South: Women's Organizations and Politics in North Carolina, 1880-1930 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOAqWMwsgFcC&q=Mrs.+George+Wylie+Clinton&pg=PA19 |publisher=Univ of South Carolina Press |isbn=978-1-57003-178-6 |pages=19 |language=en}}</ref> o ne a bereka e le mookamedi wa Mokgatlho wa bosetšhaba wa Borongwa jwa Basha wa Buds of Promise, go tloga fa o ne o tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bone (1904) go ya go tsena ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bobedi (1932). <ref>{{Cite book |last=Bradley |first=David Henry |date=2020-03-09 |title=A History of the A. M. E. Zion Church, Part 2: 1872-1968 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5dXaDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Marie+L.+Clinton%22&pg=PA237 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-5326-8827-0 |pages=237 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |date=July 1922 |title=Missionary Seer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gH4zAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Marie+L.+Clinton%22&pg=PA257 |publisher=Department of Foreign Missions of the A.M.E. Zion Church |pages=7 |language=en}}</ref> O ne a tsamaya a bua kwa dikerekeng, mme a kgothaletsa diphuthego tsa lefelo leo go simolola dikgaolo tsa thulaganyo ya bana. <ref>{{Cite news|date=1905-09-21|title=Mrs. Bishop Clinton at Louisville|pages=8|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52215630/mrs-bishop-clinton-at-louisville/|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> Go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bongwe (1921) go kwa ngwageng wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bongwe (1931), e ne e le tlhogo ya Legae la Madirelo la Basetsana ba Mmala kwa Efland, kwa Bokone jwa Carolina . <ref name=":4">{{Cite news|date=1932-01-23|title=Bishop Clinton's Wife Dies at Chicago|pages=5|work=The New York Age|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52216019/bishop-clintons-wife-dies-at-chicago/|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele le Boswa == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bongwe (1901), Marie Louise Clay o ne a nyalwa ke George Wylie Clinton, yo e neng e le Mobishopo wa A.M.E. Zion Church, jaaka mosadi wa gagwe wa bobedi.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=1895 |title=J. W. Hood (James Walker), 1831-1918. One Hundred Years of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church; or, The Centennial of African Methodism. |url=https://docsouth.unc.edu/church/hood100/hood.html#p268 |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=Documenting the American South |pages=268–274}}</ref> O ne a nna motlholagadi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bongwe (1921) mme a tlhokafala morago ga go lwala lobaka lo loleele ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bone (1934),<ref name=":4" /> a le dingwaga di le masome a marataro le bobedi kwa kokelong ya [[:en:Tuskegee_University|Tuskegee Institute Hospital]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=1932-01-16|title=Mrs. Marie L. Clinton is Claimed by Death|pages=1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52214875/mrs-marie-l-clinton-is-claimed-by/|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> Thulaganyo ya Buds of Promise e ne ya tswelela ka go gola mo masomeng a dingwaga morago ga loso lwa ga Clinton. <ref>{{Cite news|date=1970-09-19|title='Golden Jubilee' of Fashions Nears|pages=3|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52216281/golden-jubilee-of-fashions-nears/|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bongwe (1951), dikereke tsa lekoko la AME Zion di tshwaya Sontaga wa tsone ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong jaaka "Letsatsi la ga Marie L. Clinton". == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] st87wzse5dyvt0jc9f1lya044fctk6e 0 15255 55596 2026-09-24T19:52:20Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e 55596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area|name=Haasgat Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind|map_caption=Location in Gauteng|coordinates={{coord|25|51|31|S|27|50|9|E|display=inline, title|type:landmark_region:ZA_dim:2000}} <!-- 25°51’31”S, 27°50’9”E -->|location=[[Gauteng]], South Africa|nearest_city=Broederstroom, South Africa|established=Formally discovered in 1987|governing_body=Cradle of Humankind Management Authority and private landowner}} '''Haasgat''' ke thulaganyo ya logaga e e tshotseng masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng mo [[UNESCO]] e e tlhomilweng go nna [[Mogope wa tlholego ya motho (Cradle of Humankind)|Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]] kwa kgaolong ya [[Gauteng]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E ka nna dikilometara di le masome a mabedi kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa mafelo a a nang le di-[[hominin]] a [[Sterkfontein]] le [[Swartkrans]] le dikilometara di le masome a marataro kwa bokone-bokonebophirima jwa [[Johannesburg]]. Haasgat e mo lefatsheng le le ikemetseng mme ga e fitlhelelwe ke setšhaba. Thulaganyo ya logaga e ne ya bopega mo mokgokoloseng o o kwa bophirima wa mokgatšha o o tshesane, o o kwa bokone-borwa o o kgaotsweng ke molatswana o o kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Noka ya Witwatersrandspruit. Jaaka go ntse ka bontsi jwa di-paleocave tsa dolomitic mo kgaolong, thulaganyo eno e ne ya epiwa thata go bona kalaka mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bomasome a mabedi la dingwaga. Le fa meepo eno e ne ya phimola kgoro ya ntlhantlha ya logaga le dikarolo tsa thulaganyo eno, baepi ba ne ba latela thata dikonturu tsa ntlhantlha tsa thulaganyo eno. Ka ntlha ya seo, Haasgat e batla e sa tlwaeleseega mo go tlhokomeleng bobedi marulelo a ntlha le dikonturu tsa parietal, mmogo le masalela a ditshedi tsa matlakala a a nang le calcium go ralala molete otlhe o o boleele jwa ~100m e e akaretsang logaga lwa segompieno.<ref>[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFKeyserMartini1991|Keyser &#x26; Martini 1991.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFAdams2013|Adams 2013.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFHerriesKappenKegleyPaterson2014|Herries et al. 2014.]]</ref> == Ditso tsa dipatlisiso == nxrhpxn0dn1k95ehv34gupo4ogux2ek 55597 55596 2026-09-24T20:03:15Z KatieKea 10150 Ke okeditse tlhanolo le metswedi. 55597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area|name=Haasgat Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind|map_caption=Location in Gauteng|coordinates={{coord|25|51|31|S|27|50|9|E|display=inline, title|type:landmark_region:ZA_dim:2000}} <!-- 25°51’31”S, 27°50’9”E -->|location=[[Gauteng]], South Africa|nearest_city=Broederstroom, South Africa|established=Formally discovered in 1987|governing_body=Cradle of Humankind Management Authority and private landowner}} '''Haasgat''' ke thulaganyo ya logaga e e tshotseng masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng mo [[UNESCO]] e e tlhomilweng go nna [[Mogope wa tlholego ya motho (Cradle of Humankind)|Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]] kwa kgaolong ya [[Gauteng]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E ka nna dikilometara di le masome a mabedi kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa mafelo a a nang le di-[[hominin]] a [[Sterkfontein]] le [[Swartkrans]] le dikilometara di le masome a marataro kwa bokone-bokonebophirima jwa [[Johannesburg]]. Haasgat e mo lefatsheng le le ikemetseng mme ga e fitlhelelwe ke setšhaba. Thulaganyo ya logaga e ne ya bopega mo mokgokoloseng o o kwa bophirima wa mokgatšha o o tshesane, o o kwa bokone-borwa o o kgaotsweng ke molatswana o o kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Noka ya Witwatersrandspruit. Jaaka go ntse ka bontsi jwa di-paleocave tsa dolomitic mo kgaolong, thulaganyo eno e ne ya epiwa thata go bona kalaka mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bomasome a mabedi la dingwaga. Le fa meepo eno e ne ya phimola kgoro ya ntlhantlha ya logaga le dikarolo tsa thulaganyo eno, baepi ba ne ba latela thata dikonturu tsa ntlhantlha tsa thulaganyo eno. Ka ntlha ya seo, Haasgat e batla e sa tlwaeleseega mo go tlhokomeleng bobedi marulelo a ntlha le dikonturu tsa parietal, mmogo le masalela a ditshedi tsa matlakala a a nang le calcium go ralala molete otlhe o o boleele jwa ~100m e e akaretsang logaga lwa segompieno.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFKeyserMartini1991|Keyser &#x26; Martini 1991.]]</ref><ref name=":2">[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFAdams2013|Adams 2013.]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFHerriesKappenKegleyPaterson2014|Herries et al. 2014.]]</ref> == Ditso tsa dipatlisiso == [[Setshwantsho:Haasgat fossil site.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la Masalela la Haasgat]] Fa Haasgat e ne e itsege ka lobaka lo loleele ke baagi ba kgaolo ya Kalkheuvel Bophirima (ba ba neng ba bitsa logaga Haasgat [''Seburu: khuti ya mmutla''] ka mmutla o mohibidu wa letlapa o o nnang mo lefelong leo), thulaganyo eno e ne ya dirwa mmepe wa ntlha ka nako ya patlisiso ya magaga a kgaolo ke Martini le Keyser ka 1987.<ref name=":4">[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFKeyser1991|Keyser 1991.]]</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dithotobolo tse di tseneletseng tsa moepi wa matlakala a a tlhomamisitsweng kwa Haasgat di ne tsa tsewa disampole ke Andre Keyser kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980, mme tsa ntsha kokoano ya masalela a a neng a tlhalosiwa ka bontlhabongwe mo motseletseleng wa dikgatiso.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFMcKeeKeyser1994|McKee &#x26; Keyser 1994.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFPlugKeyser1994|Plug &#x26; Keyser 1994.]]</ref> Lefelo leno le ne la tlogelwa morago ga kgato e le nngwe eno ya go tsaya disampole mme tshedimosetso go tswa mo lefelong leno ga se gantsi e akarediwa mo dithutong tsa rekoto ya masalela a Aforika Borwa ya Plio-Pleistocene. Fa e sale ka 2010, setlhopha sa boditšhabatšhaba sa dithuto tse di farologaneng se simolotse kgato e ntšha ya go epa kwa ntle ga lefelo le le rileng le mo lefelong le le rileng, go tsaya disampole tsa thutafatshe, le go sekaseka diphologolo.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Ga jaanong jaana, thulaganyo eno ya patlisiso e kopanya babatlisisi go tswa kwa [[Motlobo wa Bosetšhaba wa Ditso ya Tlhago wa Ditsong|Motlobong wa Bosetšhaba wa Ditso ya Tlhago wa Ditsong]] (Aforika Borwa; Stephany Potze, Lazarus Kgasi), [[Yunibesithi ya Monash]] (Australia; Justin W. Adams), [[Yunibesithi ya La Trobe]] (Australia; Andy I.R. Herries), [[Yunibesithi ya Puso ya Grand Valley]] (Amerika; Anthony D.T. Kegley), [[Yunibesithi ya Melbourne]] (Australia;Robyn Pickering), le School of Anatomical Sciences kwa [[University of the Witwatersran|University of the Witwatersrand]] (Aforika Borwa; Jason Hemingway). == Thutafatshe le dingwaga tsa dipeeletso == == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Dikgaga mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]] 9b8l6lk5u2xf7hvjfemgqzvdk57bbb2 55598 55597 2026-09-24T20:13:38Z KatieKea 10150 /* Thutafatshe le dingwaga tsa dipeeletso */ ke ranotse karolo e le go tsenya metswedi 55598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area|name=Haasgat Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind|map_caption=Location in Gauteng|coordinates={{coord|25|51|31|S|27|50|9|E|display=inline, title|type:landmark_region:ZA_dim:2000}} <!-- 25°51’31”S, 27°50’9”E -->|location=[[Gauteng]], South Africa|nearest_city=Broederstroom, South Africa|established=Formally discovered in 1987|governing_body=Cradle of Humankind Management Authority and private landowner}} '''Haasgat''' ke thulaganyo ya logaga e e tshotseng masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng mo [[UNESCO]] e e tlhomilweng go nna [[Mogope wa tlholego ya motho (Cradle of Humankind)|Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]] kwa kgaolong ya [[Gauteng]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E ka nna dikilometara di le masome a mabedi kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa mafelo a a nang le di-[[hominin]] a [[Sterkfontein]] le [[Swartkrans]] le dikilometara di le masome a marataro kwa bokone-bokonebophirima jwa [[Johannesburg]]. Haasgat e mo lefatsheng le le ikemetseng mme ga e fitlhelelwe ke setšhaba. Thulaganyo ya logaga e ne ya bopega mo mokgokoloseng o o kwa bophirima wa mokgatšha o o tshesane, o o kwa bokone-borwa o o kgaotsweng ke molatswana o o kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Noka ya Witwatersrandspruit. Jaaka go ntse ka bontsi jwa di-paleocave tsa dolomitic mo kgaolong, thulaganyo eno e ne ya epiwa thata go bona kalaka mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bomasome a mabedi la dingwaga. Le fa meepo eno e ne ya phimola kgoro ya ntlhantlha ya logaga le dikarolo tsa thulaganyo eno, baepi ba ne ba latela thata dikonturu tsa ntlhantlha tsa thulaganyo eno. Ka ntlha ya seo, Haasgat e batla e sa tlwaeleseega mo go tlhokomeleng bobedi marulelo a ntlha le dikonturu tsa parietal, mmogo le masalela a ditshedi tsa matlakala a a nang le calcium go ralala molete otlhe o o boleele jwa ~100m e e akaretsang logaga lwa segompieno.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFKeyserMartini1991|Keyser &#x26; Martini 1991.]]</ref><ref name=":2">[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFAdams2013|Adams 2013.]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFHerriesKappenKegleyPaterson2014|Herries et al. 2014.]]</ref> == Ditso tsa dipatlisiso == [[Setshwantsho:Haasgat fossil site.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la Masalela la Haasgat]] Fa Haasgat e ne e itsege ka lobaka lo loleele ke baagi ba kgaolo ya Kalkheuvel Bophirima (ba ba neng ba bitsa logaga Haasgat [''Seburu: khuti ya mmutla''] ka mmutla o mohibidu wa letlapa o o nnang mo lefelong leo), thulaganyo eno e ne ya dirwa mmepe wa ntlha ka nako ya patlisiso ya magaga a kgaolo ke Martini le Keyser ka 1987.<ref name=":4">[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFKeyser1991|Keyser 1991.]]</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dithotobolo tse di tseneletseng tsa moepi wa matlakala a a tlhomamisitsweng kwa Haasgat di ne tsa tsewa disampole ke Andre Keyser kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980, mme tsa ntsha kokoano ya masalela a a neng a tlhalosiwa ka bontlhabongwe mo motseletseleng wa dikgatiso.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5">[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFMcKeeKeyser1994|McKee &#x26; Keyser 1994.]]</ref><ref name=":6">[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFPlugKeyser1994|Plug &#x26; Keyser 1994.]]</ref> Lefelo leno le ne la tlogelwa morago ga kgato e le nngwe eno ya go tsaya disampole mme tshedimosetso go tswa mo lefelong leno ga se gantsi e akarediwa mo dithutong tsa rekoto ya masalela a Aforika Borwa ya Plio-Pleistocene. Fa e sale ka 2010, setlhopha sa boditšhabatšhaba sa dithuto tse di farologaneng se simolotse kgato e ntšha ya go epa kwa ntle ga lefelo le le rileng le mo lefelong le le rileng, go tsaya disampole tsa thutafatshe, le go sekaseka diphologolo.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Ga jaanong jaana, thulaganyo eno ya patlisiso e kopanya babatlisisi go tswa kwa [[Motlobo wa Bosetšhaba wa Ditso ya Tlhago wa Ditsong|Motlobong wa Bosetšhaba wa Ditso ya Tlhago wa Ditsong]] (Aforika Borwa; Stephany Potze, Lazarus Kgasi), [[Yunibesithi ya Monash]] (Australia; Justin W. Adams), [[Yunibesithi ya La Trobe]] (Australia; Andy I.R. Herries), [[Yunibesithi ya Puso ya Grand Valley]] (Amerika; Anthony D.T. Kegley), [[Yunibesithi ya Melbourne]] (Australia;Robyn Pickering), le School of Anatomical Sciences kwa [[University of the Witwatersran|University of the Witwatersrand]] (Aforika Borwa; Jason Hemingway). == Thutafatshe le dingwaga tsa dipeeletso == Ditlhaloso tsa ntlha tsa go bopega ga thulaganyo ya logaga lwa Haasgat (speleogenesis) di ne di gatelela tlhabololo go tsamaelana le mokgwa o o tlwaelesegileng wa phokotso ya topographic e e kwa tlase, fa kgogolego e e tswelelang le go tsenelela ga mokgatšha go nna di-dolomite tsa boalogodimo go neng go ntsha metsi mo logageng lwa phreatic, go letla go phutlhama ga ka fa gare ga thulaganyo le go atologa.<ref name=":1" /> Ka nako e le nngwe, Keyser le Martini le bone ba akantse gore bogodimo jwa thulaganyo (gaufi le 1500m) le kgogolego ya marulelo pele ga meepo e ka supa gore dipeeletso tsa masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng kwa Haasgat di ka tswa di bopilwe go tloga ka nako ya Pliocene ya bofelo.<ref name=":1" /> Ditlhaloso tse di latelang tsa biostratigraphic tsa diphologolo tse di dirilweng go tswa mo mafelong a go latlhela matlakala a ''ex situ'' di tlhagisitse ditlhopha tse pedi tse di farologaneng tsa dingwaga tse di akantsweng. Tshekatsheko ya sampole ya tshwene e e nyeletseng (''Papio angusticceps''), mofuta o ga jaana o itsiweng fela go ralala dipeeletso tsa Aforika tsa Pleistocene mo kokoanong ya Kromdraai A, e ne ya tsewa go akantsha gore masalela a Haasgat a ne a le ka nako e le nngwe (~1.9-1.8 didikadike tsa dingwaga tse di fetileng)<ref name=":5" /><ref>[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFHerriesCurnoeAdams2009|Herries, Curnoe &#x26; Adams 2009.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Haasgat#CITEREFJablonskiFrost2010|Jablonski &#x26; Frost 2010.]]</ref> Go farologana, tlhaloso ya diphologolo tse e seng tsa di-primate go tswa kwa lefelong la thothobolo la ''ex situ'' e ne ya gatelela sampole e ntsi ya diphologolo tsa segompieno tse di nang le dinao mme ya akantsha dingwaga tsa boshng tsa go tlhongwa ga dingwaga di le sedikadike se le sengwe le sephatlo – sephatlo sa sedikadike e se fetileng.<ref name=":6" /> Tshekatsheko ya sesheng ka [https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/component/content/category/140-337 Adams 2013] ya diphologolo tsotlhe tsa ''ex-situ'' go tswa mo logageng e supa gore dingwaga tse di neng di le morago ga tiragalo ya ntlha ya Equus mo Aforika ka ~2.3 Ma le dingwaga pele ga ~1.8 Ma<ref name=":3" /> le tsone di dirile tshekatsheko ya palaeomagnetic ya dipeeletso tsa logaga, e e supang gore masalela a magolo a a neng a le mo logageng e ne e le SubChron ka 1.95 Ma mme e nnye go feta Molelwane wa Gauss-Matuyama ka 2.58 Ma. Seno se kaya dingwaga tse di fa gare ga 2.3 le 1.95 Ma mo bontsing jwa masalela go tswa mo lefelong. == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Dikgaga mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]] s9gh3fusjqsljyqk0h92kxw9avpabj0 0 15256 55599 2026-09-24T20:22:49Z Reagoleboga 10854 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368626017|Ulwaluko]]" 55599 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abakwetha_in_the_forest.jpg|thumb|Abakhwetha (group of initiates)]] Ulwaluko ke tlwaelo ya setso ya go simolola le go fetisa e e dirwang (le fa e se fela) ke batho ba Ba-Xhosa, mme e tlwaelegile go ralala Aforika Borwa. Mokete ono ka tlwaelo o ne o direlwa go ruta, go baakanyetsa makawana maikarabelo a go nna banna. Ka jalo, ba ba simololang ba bidiwa abakhwetha ka isiXhosa: aba e raya setlhopha, mme kwetha e raya ba ba simololang. Monna a le mongwe mo setlhopheng o bidiwa umkhwetha. Monna yo o sa tsenngwang mo thulaganyong e, o bidiwa inkwenkwe (mosimane), go sa kgathalesege dingwaga tsa gagwe, mme ga a letlelelwe go tsaya karolo mo ditirong tsa banna jaaka dikopano tsa morafe Tlwaelo ya go simolola e dirwa gantsi kwa bokhutlong jwa Seetebosigo/mo tshimologong ya Phukwi kgotsa kwa bokhutlong jwa Ngwanatsele/mo tshimologong ya Sedimonthole. Ka nako ya fa go dirwa moetlo oo, ngaka ya setso e e arang (ngcibi) e ntsha letlalo la bonna ka karo. Morago ga go segwa, nako ya go nna o le nosi e tsaya lobaka lwa kgwedi e le nngwe mme e kgaogantswe ka dikgato tse pedi mme seno ga se a tlwaelega mo metlheng ya segompieno le/kgotsa mo mafelong a ditoropo, koo gantsi e tsayang bobotlana dibeke di le 4. Mo malatsing a ntlha a le 7 ba ba tsenang ba tswalelwa mo ntlwaneng (bhoma) mme ba thibelwa go ja dijo dingwe, jaaka nama, mme seno se ka farologana ka gonne malapa mangwe le mangwe a na le ditumelo tsa one kana ditsela tsa one tsa go dira dilo. Metsi le one a ka nna a thibelwa.[ Kgato eno e felela ka mokete wa ukojiswa, o mo go one dilo tse di ileditsweng mo dijong di gololwang, e leng se se supang go fetela mo kgatong ya bobedi e e tsayang dibeke tse dingwe tse pedi go ya go tse tharo. Ka nako ya dikgato tseno ba ba simololang ba tlhokomelwa ke ikhankatha (motlhokomedi wa setso). Nako eno ya go nna ba le bosi e fela fa basimane ba kgothalediwa gore ba tabogele kwa nokeng go ya go tlhapa, go ikaegile ka lefelo le ba leng kwa go lone. Ntlwana (Bhoma) le dithoto tsa ba ba tseneng mo go yone di a fisiwa, go akaretsa le diaparo tsa bone. Seno se tshwantshetsa tsela e ntšha ya kafa ntle e batho ba ba tsenang kereke ba tshwanetseng go nna ka yone. Tota e bile go tlwaelegile gore batho ba ba tsenang kereke ba apare ka tsela e e nang le seriti ka lobaka lo lo rileng morago ga moletlo. Motho mongwe le mongwe yo o tsenngwang o amogela kobo e ntšha mme jaanong o bidiwa "ikrwala" (mo bongweng) e e rayang monna yo mosha kgotsa amakrwala (bontsi - banna ba basha). == Ditlwaelo Tsa go Feta le Dikarolo Tsa Ditlwaelo == Batho ba Ba-Xhosa ba kwa borwa jwa Afrika ba na le ngwao e e bidiwang Ulwaluko, e e rayang go simolola, e leng ngwao ya go fetisa e e supang go fetoga ga mosimane go nna monna kana mosetsana go nna mosadi (intonjane). E supa phetogo e kgolo, e tlisa maemo a loago le tlotlo, mme e fetola tsela e setšhaba se go lebang ka yone le e se go lebang ka yone. Morago ga moletlo, basimane ba bidiwa ubhuti, e le sesupo sa tlotlo le maemo a bone a masha, go bitsa monna ka leina la gagwe go tsewa e le selo se se sa letlelelwang thata fa ba sena go tsenngwa moletlo. === Imbeleko === Imbeleko Ke moletlo o o dirwang ka bonako fela morago ga go tsholwa ga ngwana go mo itsise bagologolwane le go ba amogela mo lelapeng le mo setšhabeng === Intonjane === Intonjane Ke moletlo wa setso wa go simolola wa basetsana, go tshwaya go tsena ga bone mo bosading. Basetsana ba ba iphitlhelang ba le mo bodutu le go kaelwa ka ditiro, maikarabelo le ditebello tsa setso tsa go nna mosadi. === Ulwaluko === Ulwaluko Ke ngwaokobamelo ya motheo ya go simolola go nna monna, e e kayang "go fetoga" kana "go rupa". E supa phetogo ya inkwenkwe (mosimane) go nna indoda (monna). Mokgwa o o akaretsang wa ulwaluko o na le dikgato tse di farologaneng: ==== Ukungena ==== Kwa tshimologong, go rupisiwa go dirwa mo mosong kwa kraal (lefelo le le dikologileng legae) ke ingcibi (ngaka e e arang ya setso). Bagolwane le banna ba ba godileng ba tsamaya le motho yo o simololang, yo o bidiwang umkhewtha, go ya kwa lefelong le le kwa thoko la ibhoma kgotsa bhoma e leng mokhukhwana wa setso o o kgolokwe o gantsi o leng mo sekgweng gaufi le dithaba kgotsa mo lefelong lengwe le le kwa kgakala, kwa a tla fetsang nako ya go nna a le nosi teng a le kgakala le batho ba ba mo tikologong. ==== Go Nna o le Nosi Kwa Iboma ==== Ka tlwaelo e tsaya dibeke di le pedi go ya go di le tharo (e khutshwane gompieno ka ntlha ya go tsena sekolo le go dira tiro e e rileng, le fa gone ka dinako tse dingwe go dirwa jalo kgwedi yotlhe), moitlami o nna a le nosi. Mo nakong eno, o amogela dithuto go tswa go bagolo le batlhokomedi ba ba tlhophilweng ba ba bidiwang ikhankatha ka ga maikarabelo a setso, maitsholo a setšhaba, bokgoni jwa go falola, le bokao jwa bonna mo setšhabeng sa Ba-Xhosa. Motho yo o tsenang mo thutong eno o apola diaparo tsa gagwe tsa bogologolo a bo a apara diaparo tse di kgethegileng tsa setso tse di tshwantshetsang botho jwa gagwe jo bosha. Mo ditšhabeng tse dingwe, o tshwara thobane e e tshwantshetsang go gola, go nna mogolo le go nna le taolo. Ka nako ya moletlo oo, ba ne ba ipeola ditlhogo ba bo ba tlhapa gore ba nne phepa e le letshwao la gore ba fetogile go tswa mo mosimaneng go nna monna. ==== Ukosiswa ==== Beke eno ke ya ntlha mo Ibhoma. Mo nakong eno, ba ba simololang go tsena mo bodumeding jono ba tshwanetse go ja fela mmidi o o omileng le go nwa metsi a a tswakilweng le molora. Bontsi jwa dilo tse dingwe tse di lapolosang di a kgaolwa, dijo di lekanyeditswe mo dilong tse pedi tseno, mme motsamao o lekanyeditswe mo teng ga ibhoma fela, ga ba kgone go tswa kgotsa go kgarakgatshega. Mokgwa ono o fokoditswe ka ntlha ya tsereganyo ya segompieno go tswa Lefapheng la Boitekanelo (DoH) mo Aforika Borwa. Gone jaanong, ukosiswa gantsi e tsaya malatsi a le mararo kgotsa kwa tlase ga moo, mme mo mafelong mangwe tlwaelo eno e e kileng ya bo e tlwaelegile ga e tlhole e dirwa gotlhelele, ka gore ba ba simololang go tsena mo bodumeding ba ja dijo tse di tshwanang le tse ba neng ba di ja kwa gae. Morago ga lobaka lono, ba ka kgona go tsamaya ka kgololesego mo sekgweng le mo dithabeng, fa fela ba sa itshupe mo setšhabeng kana mo basading, ka gonne seo se tsewa e le selo se se tlhabisang ditlhong thata mo lelapeng. ==== Ukuphuma ==== ("Emergence" or "Homecoming"): Fa a fetsa nako ya go nna a le nosi, moitshwaredi o tswa mo ibhoma mme a tabogela kwa nokeng e e fa gaufi go ya go tlhapa, a itlhwekisa mo mmeleng le mo moweng, go tshwantshetsa go tsalwa sesha le go amogelwa ka botlalo jaaka monna ke setšhaba, mo mabakeng mangwe banna ba bagolo ba a mo leleka fa a tabogela kwa nokeng e le tsela ya go mo kgothatsa. O boa kwa sekgweng a apesitswe kobo (irhagi) e gantsi e bipang sefatlhego le tlhogo go ya kwa dinaong. Bangwe ba tshola dithobane tse di tswang ka phatlha e nnye gaufi le sefatlhego. ==== Umgidi ==== Moletlo o o botlhokwa o o tshwarwang fa motho yo o tseneng mo thutong a boela gae fa a sena go tswa mo thutong. Lelapa le morafe o mogolo ba tlhaba nku kgotsa kgomo go mo tlotla, ba ntsha dimpho (ukusoka) le go tlotla banna ba ba sa tswang go simolola (amakrwala, bontsi jwa ikrwala).[ [25][26] Moletlo ono wa setšhaba o gatelela kamogelo e e itumedisang le maemo a masha a loago, le go nna le seabe.[ Le fa e na le botlhokwa jwa setso, go botlhokwa go lemoga gore umgidi ga se karolo e e tlhokegang ya ngwao, go tsena fela (ukungena) go tsewa e le tshimologo, mo go ba bangwe umgidi e ka nna kgang ya madi. ==== Ukusoka ==== Mokete wa morago ga go tsenngwa mo tirong o gantsi o tlang morago ga umgidi, o o akaretsang go abelana dimpho ka tsela ya tshwantshetso le go tlhomamisa phatlalatsa gore motho yo o tsenngwang mo tirong ke monna. Kgato eno e akaretsa go apara diaparo tsa setso le go nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa loago tse di nonotshang phetogo. ==== Go fisa Iboma ==== Ka letsatsi la umgidi kgotsa ka bonako fela morago ga foo, ibhoma le dilwana tsa go tsenngwa mo bodumeding - go akaretsa le diaparo tsa bogologolo tsa motho yo o tsenngwang mo bodumeding tse a di latlhileng ka nako ya fa a ne a le nosi - di a fisiwa. Mokete ono o dira gore motho yo o tsenang a fetoge mme ka tsela ya semoya o tswala kgaolo ya go nna a le nosi Lereo umphumo ka dinako tse dingwe le kaya moletlo wa go boela gae o o tshwanang le ukuphuma le umgidi, o o supang go boa ga motho yo o tseneng mo setšhabeng e le monna yo o itsegeng Maina a ditso, kgotsa ISIDUKO, a fetisetswa kwa go ba bangwe ka molomo, ke a botlhokwa thata mo bothong jwa Ba-Xhosa le mo dikamanong tsa bone le ba bangwe. Go itse isiduko ya motho go botlhokwa thata mo go nneng le setso le go nna seoposengwe. === Botlhokwa Jwa Setso le Kganetsano === Ulwaluko e sa ntse e le moetlo o o boitshepo thata e bile e le wa sephiri, o o direlwang fela batho ba ba tsenang kereke le banna ba ba godileng. Gantsi metswedi ya tshedimosetso kgotsa batho ba bua thata ka meetlo eno mme seno se ka dira gore batho ba se ka ba dumalana le yone. Mokgwa wa ulwaluko o akaretsa go kgabisa mmele ka tsela ya setso jaaka go penta mmele ka letsopa (umhlonyane kgotsa ochre e tshweu) mme o felela ka go fisiwa ga ibhoma, e e tshwantshetsang go itshekisiwa le go tsalwa sesha. Mekgwa eno e akaretsa go fetisetsa botho jwa motho, maikarabelo le ditiro tsa setšhaba go tswa mo bagolong go ya kwa dikokomaneng tse dinnye. Ditshwayotshwayo tsa Bophirima gantsi di itlhokomolosa maemo a setso le mekgwa e e tlhabologang ya tshireletso e e amogelwang ke ditšhaba tsa Ba-Xhosa, ba bontsi jwa bone ba femelang ditso tseno ka thata jaaka tse di botlhokwa mo go bolokeng setso. === Melao le Ditshiamelo tse dingwe tse di Amanang === Gantsi moletlo wa Imikhwetha o tsamaisana le meletlo ya setšhaba yotlhe e e akaretsang go bina ga setso, go opela le mekete. Ditlwaelo tsa morago ga go belega di akaretsa go ima le go fitlha placenta le thapo ya popelo gaufi le legae, dingwao tse di tlhalosiwang ka botlalo mo ditumedisong tse di jaaka Inkaba yakho iphi? ( Nabo ya gago e kae?), e e senolang gore motho o tswa kae, ke wa lotso lofe le gore o na le maemo afe mo setšhabeng. == Go tshwenyega ka botsogo == Fa e sa le ka 1995, bobotlana batho ba le 969 ba ba tseneng mo moketeng ono ba ile ba swa ka ntlha ya mathata a a bakilweng ke mokete ono. Dipalopalo tse di nepagetseng ga di teng ka palo ya go kgaolwa ga penile, mme go fopholediwa gore palo ya bone e batla e le gabedi go feta palo ya dintsho.[ Bontsi jwa dintsho le mathata ke ditlamorago tsa go tlhoka bokgoni ga dingaka tsa setso. Leno ke lebaka la go bo segolobogolo Pondoland e amiwa thata ke dintsho le mathata. Ba Mpondo ba ne ba dira ngwao eno go fitlha Kgosi Faku a e thibela ka dingwaga tsa bo1820 morago ga gore a latlhegelwe ke barwa ba gagwe ba le mmalwa ka ntlha ya mathata. Dikolo tsa go simolola di ne tsa boa tsa tlhaga gape ka bo1980 le bo1990, mme ngwao eno jaanong e dirwa ka selekanyo se segolo. Ka Ferikgong 2014, Desmond Tutu o ne a rotloetsa baeteledipele ba setso le puso go tsereganya, le "go dirisa bokgoni jwa dingaka tse di nang le bokgoni go tokafatsa mekgwa ya rona ya setso ya go rupisa". Mo godimo ga moo o ne a gatelela botlhokwa jwa ngwao ya setso jaaka setheo sa thuto, go baakanyetsa ba ba simololang "go nna le seabe mo go ageng setšhaba se se botoka sa botlhe. Mo selemong sa 2019 mo Aforia Borwa, palogotlhe ya basimane ba le 21 ba ne ba tlhokafala mo dikolong tse di farologaneng tsa go simolola mo kgaolong eo yotlhe. Bontsi jwa dintsho tseno di ne di bakwa ke go felelwa ke metsi mo mmeleng ka ntlha ya go bo go ne go se na metsi a a lekaneng. Tona ya Boitekanelo, Zweli Mkhize, o ne a akantsha gore dikolo di se ka tsa tlhola di dirisa ngwao eno ka dikgwedi tsa selemo André van der Merwe o ara monna wa dingwaga di le 21 yo o neng a nna le mathata ka ntlha ya meetlo ya go tsenngwa mo dikolong tse e seng tsa semolao. Ka 21 Moranang 2017 go ne ga dirwa karo ya bobedi ya go tsenya monna wa bobedi mo monneng ka dingaka tse di eteletsweng pele ke Dr. van der Merwe mo monneng wa dingwaga tse 40 yo o neng a latlhegetswe ke monna wa gagwe dingwaga tse 17 pele ga karo eo. Dingaka di ile tsa bolela gore ka ntlha ya maemo a a amanang le dikolo tse di seng kafa molaong tsa go rupisa, Afrika Borwa e fetogile nngwe ya dinaga tse di tlhokang thata go tsenngwa dirwe tsa tsalo tsa dirwe tsa bonna. === Go Tsenelela mo Kgannyeng ya Polokesego === Go ile ga begwa ka metlha gore go na le basimane ba ba swang ka nako ya meletlo ya go rupisiwa e e tlwaelegileng ya go rupisiwa kwa Aforika Borwa, mme ngwaga le ngwaga basimane ba swa kwa dikolong tse di seng kafa molaong. Mokgwa ono gape o ile wa amanngwa le kotsi ya go tshwaediwa ke HIV ka go abelana didirisiwa tse di sa tsenngwang dibolayamegare le batho ba bangwe. Jaanong netefatso ya dingwaga tsa semolao e a patelesega pele ga go simololwa, gantsi e baya dingwaga tse di kwa tlase go 16 kgotsa 18 mme tumelelo ya motsadi kgotsa motlhokomedi e a tlhokega mo baneng ba ba sa leng babotlana. Ditlhatlhobo tsa bongaka pele ga go rupisiwa go netefatsa gore ba ba tsenngwang ba itekanetse mo go lekaneng gore ba ka dirwa jalo, fa dingaka tsa setso tsa karo (ingcibi) le dikolo tsa go rupisiwa di tshwanetse go kwadisiwa le go bewa leitlho go netefatsa gore go latelwa melao ya pabalesego. [Ba ba tsenngwang ba patelesega go nwa metsi ka metlha fa ba le kwa thoko, kgato e e tsentsweng go thibela komelelo e e kotsi e e neng e dirisiwa pele mo ditsong tse dingwe, mme go dirisiwa ga didirisiwa tsa go sega tse di senang dibolayamegare go rotloediwa thata go thibela go fetisiwa ga HIV/AIDS, tetanus, le malwetse a mangwe. Molao wa Tlwaelo ya go Simolola Ngwao (2021) o dira gore go nne le ngwao ya setso fa o ntse o tlhomamisa gore melao ya boitekanelo le ditshwanelo tsa batho di a sirelediwa. Molao ono o laela gore go latelwe melao e e rileng ya go simolola tiro. == Tharaso == Banna ba basodoma mo Aforika Borwa ba sa ntse ba kgobiwa le go tshwaiwa diphoso ke batho ba ba tshelang le bone. Mokgwa wa ngwao wa Ulwaluko ke mokgwa wa setso o o tlotlegang thata le o o boitshepo mo bathong ba Ba-Xhosa le bangwe ba ba buang Se-Nguni ba Aforika Borwa. Go ile ga bolelwa gore tsela e mokgwa ono o amang motho ka yone e ka nna ya dira gore lekawana lengwe le le ratang batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang le jwa lone le se ka la itlotla, le fa gone go sa patelesege gore motho ope a nne le seabe mo go one. Banna bangwe ba basodoma ba ba neng ba nna le seabe mo ngwaong eno ba ne ba bolela gore ba ne ba dira jalo gore ba tle ba amogelwe jaaka banna ba setso sa bone. Go ka bolelwa se se tshwanang ka banna ba ba sa rupisiwang ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo le banna ba bangwe. Mabaka a mangwe a go nna le seabe mo Ulwaluko a akaretsa go kgotsofatsa keletso ya go fitlhelela ditebello tsa setšhaba mmogo le kgatelelo go tswa mo lelapeng go sokologela ⁇ go bong bo sele ka thulaganyo ya Ulwaluko. [ Filimi ya The Wound e ne ya tlhagisiwa kwa Sundance Film Festival ka 2017 mme e tlhotlheleditswe ke padi ya ga Thando Mgqolozana A Man Who is Not a Man e e buang thata ka maitemogelo a banna ba basodoma ka nako ya ⁇ Ulwaluko ⁇ .[ Baeteledipele ba setso ba Ba-Xhosa ba ne ba tshwaya filimi phoso ka go re ke "go tlhoka tlotlo" le "go nyatsa setso sa Ba-Xhosa" ka gore e ne e bontsha dingwao tse di fitlhegileng. Filimi e e ile ya tshwantshanngwa le Oscar e e fentseng Moonlight. Tiriso ya Ulwaluko gape e laolwa ke dikarolo di le mmalwa tsa molao go rotloetsa pabalesego le tshireletso ya ba ba sa leng bannye ba ba tseneng mo dikolong tse di seng ka fa molaong tse di tseneng mo dikolong tse di seng ka fa molaong; melao eno e akaretsa Molaotheo wa Aforika Borwa (1996), Molao wa Bana (2005), Molao wa (Eastern Cape) wa Tiriso ya Maemo a Boitekanelo mo Molaong wa go Rupa wa Setso (2001), le Molao wa Baitseanape ba Boitekanelo ba Setso (2004). == Tsela e batho ba lebang dilo ka yone gompieno == Tlwaelo ya bogologolo ya Ulwaluko e santse e tsewa e le maleba ke banna ba bašwa ba Ba-Xhosa, le batho ba Ba-Xhosa. [Mdedetyana, 2019] Ke mokgwa o o boitshepo o o direlwang lelapa. Batho ba le bantsi ba rata ngwao eno e bile ba e tsaya e le botlhokwa thata mo setsong sa bone. Go rupisiwa ga banna go ka dirwa kwa bookelong/kliniking, le fa go ntse jalo, tlhopho eno ga e a emisetsa Ulwaluko ka gonne ga e tshwane le bokao jwa setso sa Ulwaluko go feta go ntsha letlalo la bonna. Mdedetyana, 2019). Ditirelo di le mmalwa di a diragala pele ga motho yo monnye a 'tsena' mo balelapa ba phuthegang go batla masego le go bona mosimane a tsamaya. Basimane ba babotlana ba itsisiwe bagologolwane ba bone le 'uQamata', ba rutiwa ka hisetori ya bone, ba rutiwa go nna le boikgapo, go nna banna ba ba nang le malapa le go nna basha ba ba nang le maikarabelo ba ba nang le seabe se se siameng mo setšhabeng. Ga go na tlhakanelodikobo gotlhelele (kana ga e a tshwanela go nna teng) mo sekgweng, e ka tswa e le ya batho ba bong bo sele kana nnyaa, ka gonne se tsewa e le lefelo le le boitshepo le le babalesegileng mo baneng (jaaka sekolo sa Sontaga). Basadi le basetsana ga ba a letlelelwa, le fa mo malapeng mangwe le bana ba bannye ba ka letlelelwa go etelwa ka gore bana ba bannye ba a tlotliwa e bile ba emela bophepa le go tlhoka molato. Ka jalo, ga go tsewe tsia go le kalo gore motho ke wa bong bofe, ka gonne ene ka boene e sa ntse e le mosimane, ka jalo go tlhoka molato ga gagwe ga go kgaolwe fa a segwa mme go supa (inxeba) phetogo e e botlhoko go tswa go mosimane go ya go monna. Ga a 'dirwe' go nna monna yo o nnang mo 'sekgweng.' == Dikganetsano == Dintlha tsa ngwao ga di a tshwanela go senolelwa basadi kgotsa banna ba ba sa tsenngwang, go ya ka molawana wa 'se se diragalang mo thabeng, se nna mo thabeng', go ya ka metswedi mengwe. Kgethololo ya setso e ka nna kgolo thata mo e leng gore banna ba ba sa rupisiwang kgotsa ba ba rupisitsweng 'go sa tshwanela' ba a tlhaselwa le go itewa ka ntlha ya go sa tsamaelane ga bone, ga go a totobala gore go tsamaelana le eng kgotsa kgokagano le tlwaelo ya nakwana ka boyona. Ka Mopitlwe 2014 lekawana lengwe le ne la tlhaselwa morago ga gore a bue kwa pokanong ya setšhaba ka mathata a a neng a nna le one ka ntlha ya ngwao eno. Dingaka tsa Ba-Dutch Dingeman J. Rijken o ne a alafa balwetse ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba na le mathata a kalafi a a bakilweng ke Ulwaluko. Ka Ferikgong 2014 o ne a tlhoma webosaete go "itsise ba ba ka nnang ba tsenngwa le setšhaba ka bophara ka ga diphiri tse di lefifi tsa moetlo". Web site eno e na le tshedimosetso e e tseneletseng ka mathata a botsogo a a amanang le ngwao eno e bile e na le tharabololo e e ka dirisiwang go fokotsa dikotsi tseno. Gape e na le ditshwantsho tse di fetang 150 tsa dirwe tsa tlhakanelodikobo tse di gobaditsweng ka ntlha ya go rupisiwa ka tsela e e sa tshwanelang, tse di neng tsa nna le mathata a a akaretsang go tshwaediwa ke megare, go ruruga le go kgaolwa dirwe tsa tlhakanelodikobo. Ditshwantsho tseno, tse di tserweng ke Dr. Rijken le batlamedi ba bangwe ba tsa kalafi, di ne tsa gatisiwa ka tumelelo ya molwetse.[ Go phasaladiwa ga dinepe tse go ne ga tsosa kgalefo mo baeteledipeleng ba setso ba Kapa Botlhaba. 5] Ba ne ba kopa gore South African Film and Publication Board (FSB) e tswale webosaete, le fa gone FSB e ne e se ene a nang le maikarabelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, Boto e ne ya swetsa ka gore website eno e ne e le ya "saense e e nang le mosola o mogolo wa go ruta", e bua ka "bothata jwa setšhaba jo bo tlhokang go rarabololwa ka bonako". == Dilo Tse di Tshwanang le Tsone mo Ditsong Tse Dingwe Bosodoma == Fela jaaka Ulwaluko, go rupisiwa go dirwa mo ditsong di le dintsi mo lefatsheng lotlhe e le mokgwa wa go fetisa motho kana wa bodumedi. Mo ditumelong tsa ga Aberahame - tse di akaretsang Bojuda, Boiselamo le tumelo ya Ba-Druze go rupa go botlhokwa thata mo setsong le mo bodumeding. Bajuta ba dira brit milah ka letsatsi la borobedi morago ga go belegwa, go tshwantshetsa kgolagano magareng ga Modimo le Aborahame. Mo Boiselamong, go rupa gantsi go dirwa fa motho a sa ntse a le ngwana go bontsha gore o na le tumelo e bile o phepa. Mo bathong ba Ba-Druze, go rupa go dirwa jaaka ngwao ya setso go na le go nna boikarabelo jo bo gagametseng jwa bodumedi. [ Setšhaba sa Lemba sa Aforika Borwa le Zimbabwe, ba ba ipolelang gore ba tswa mo merafeng ya bogologolo ya Bajuta mme ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwa "setšhaba se se latlhegileng sa Iseraele", le bone ba dira thupiso jaaka karolo ya bodumedi jwa bone. Mo godimo ga moo, ditlhopha tse di farologaneng tsa Afrika Botlhaba jaaka Masai wa Kenya le Tanzania ba dirisa thupiso go tshwaya phetogo go tswa mo bongwaneng go ya mo bongwaneng go tshwana le Ulwaluko. == Bona gape == * Lebollo la banna * Intonjane == Metswedi == gmat2euna0ftz3shscm5u37p723bi1p 55600 55599 2026-09-24T20:28:29Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 55600 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abakwetha_in_the_forest.jpg|thumb|Abakhwetha (group of initiates)]] === '''Ulwaluko''' === Ulwaluko ke tlwaelo ya setso ya go simolola le go fetisa e e dirwang (le fa e se fela) ke batho ba Ba-Xhosa, mme e tlwaelegile go ralala [[Aforika Borwa]]. Mokete ono ka tlwaelo o ne o direlwa go ruta, go baakanyetsa makawana maikarabelo a go nna banna. Ka jalo, ba ba simololang ba bidiwa abakhwetha ka isiXhosa: aba e raya setlhopha, mme kwetha e raya ba ba simololang. Monna a le mongwe mo setlhopheng o bidiwa umkhwetha. Monna yo o sa tsenngwang mo thulaganyong e, o bidiwa inkwenkwe (mosimane), go sa kgathalesege dingwaga tsa gagwe, mme ga a letlelelwe go tsaya karolo mo ditirong tsa banna jaaka dikopano tsa morafe Tlwaelo ya go simolola e dirwa gantsi kwa bokhutlong jwa Seetebosigo/mo tshimologong ya Phukwi kgotsa kwa bokhutlong jwa Ngwanatsele/mo tshimologong ya Sedimonthole. Ka nako ya fa go dirwa moetlo oo, ngaka ya setso e e arang (ngcibi) e ntsha letlalo la bonna ka karo. Morago ga go segwa, nako ya go nna o le nosi e tsaya lobaka lwa kgwedi e le nngwe mme e kgaogantswe ka dikgato tse pedi mme seno ga se a tlwaelega mo metlheng ya segompieno le/kgotsa mo mafelong a ditoropo, koo gantsi e tsayang bobotlana dibeke di le 4. Mo malatsing a ntlha a le 7 ba ba tsenang ba tswalelwa mo ntlwaneng (bhoma) mme ba thibelwa go ja dijo dingwe, jaaka nama, mme seno se ka farologana ka gonne malapa mangwe le mangwe a na le ditumelo tsa one kana ditsela tsa one tsa go dira dilo. Metsi le one a ka nna a thibelwa.[ Kgato eno e felela ka mokete wa ukojiswa, o mo go one dilo tse di ileditsweng mo dijong di gololwang, e leng se se supang go fetela mo kgatong ya bobedi e e tsayang dibeke tse dingwe tse pedi go ya go tse tharo. Ka nako ya dikgato tseno ba ba simololang ba tlhokomelwa ke ikhankatha (motlhokomedi wa setso). Nako eno ya go nna ba le bosi e fela fa basimane ba kgothalediwa gore ba tabogele kwa nokeng go ya go tlhapa, go ikaegile ka lefelo le ba leng kwa go lone. Ntlwana (Bhoma) le dithoto tsa ba ba tseneng mo go yone di a fisiwa, go akaretsa le diaparo tsa bone. Seno se tshwantshetsa tsela e ntšha ya kafa ntle e batho ba ba tsenang kereke ba tshwanetseng go nna ka yone. Tota e bile go tlwaelegile gore batho ba ba tsenang kereke ba apare ka tsela e e nang le seriti ka lobaka lo lo rileng morago ga moletlo. Motho mongwe le mongwe yo o tsenngwang o amogela kobo e ntšha mme jaanong o bidiwa "ikrwala" (mo bongweng) e e rayang monna yo mosha kgotsa amakrwala (bontsi - banna ba basha). == Ditlwaelo Tsa go Feta le Dikarolo Tsa Ditlwaelo == Batho ba Ba-Xhosa ba kwa borwa jwa [[Aforika]] ba na le ngwao e e bidiwang Ulwaluko, e e rayang go simolola, e leng ngwao ya go fetisa e e supang go fetoga ga mosimane go nna monna kana mosetsana go nna mosadi (intonjane). E supa phetogo e kgolo, e tlisa maemo a loago le tlotlo, mme e fetola tsela e setšhaba se go lebang ka yone le e se go lebang ka yone. Morago ga moletlo, basimane ba bidiwa ubhuti, e le sesupo sa tlotlo le maemo a bone a masha, go bitsa monna ka leina la gagwe go tsewa e le selo se se sa letlelelwang thata fa ba sena go tsenngwa moletlo. === Imbeleko === Imbeleko Ke moletlo o o dirwang ka bonako fela morago ga go tsholwa ga ngwana go mo itsise bagologolwane le go ba amogela mo lelapeng le mo setšhabeng === Intonjane === Intonjane Ke moletlo wa setso wa go simolola wa basetsana, go tshwaya go tsena ga bone mo bosading. Basetsana ba ba iphitlhelang ba le mo bodutu le go kaelwa ka ditiro, maikarabelo le ditebello tsa setso tsa go nna mosadi. === Ulwaluko === Ulwaluko Ke ngwaokobamelo ya motheo ya go simolola go nna monna, e e kayang "go fetoga" kana "go rupa". E supa phetogo ya inkwenkwe (mosimane) go nna indoda (monna). Mokgwa o o akaretsang wa ulwaluko o na le dikgato tse di farologaneng: ==== Ukungena ==== Kwa tshimologong, go rupisiwa go dirwa mo mosong kwa kraal (lefelo le le dikologileng legae) ke ingcibi (ngaka e e arang ya setso). Bagolwane le banna ba ba godileng ba tsamaya le motho yo o simololang, yo o bidiwang umkhewtha, go ya kwa lefelong le le kwa thoko la ibhoma kgotsa bhoma e leng mokhukhwana wa setso o o kgolokwe o gantsi o leng mo sekgweng gaufi le dithaba kgotsa mo lefelong lengwe le le kwa kgakala, kwa a tla fetsang nako ya go nna a le nosi teng a le kgakala le batho ba ba mo tikologong. ==== Go Nna o le Nosi Kwa Iboma ==== Ka tlwaelo e tsaya dibeke di le pedi go ya go di le tharo (e khutshwane gompieno ka ntlha ya go tsena sekolo le go dira tiro e e rileng, le fa gone ka dinako tse dingwe go dirwa jalo kgwedi yotlhe), moitlami o nna a le nosi. Mo nakong eno, o amogela dithuto go tswa go bagolo le batlhokomedi ba ba tlhophilweng ba ba bidiwang ikhankatha ka ga maikarabelo a setso, maitsholo a setšhaba, bokgoni jwa go falola, le bokao jwa bonna mo setšhabeng sa Ba-Xhosa. Motho yo o tsenang mo thutong eno o apola diaparo tsa gagwe tsa bogologolo a bo a apara diaparo tse di kgethegileng tsa setso tse di tshwantshetsang botho jwa gagwe jo bosha. Mo ditšhabeng tse dingwe, o tshwara thobane e e tshwantshetsang go gola, go nna mogolo le go nna le taolo. Ka nako ya moletlo oo, ba ne ba ipeola ditlhogo ba bo ba tlhapa gore ba nne phepa e le letshwao la gore ba fetogile go tswa mo mosimaneng go nna monna. ==== Ukosiswa ==== Beke eno ke ya ntlha mo Ibhoma. Mo nakong eno, ba ba simololang go tsena mo bodumeding jono ba tshwanetse go ja fela mmidi o o omileng le go nwa metsi a a tswakilweng le molora. Bontsi jwa dilo tse dingwe tse di lapolosang di a kgaolwa, dijo di lekanyeditswe mo dilong tse pedi tseno, mme motsamao o lekanyeditswe mo teng ga ibhoma fela, ga ba kgone go tswa kgotsa go kgarakgatshega. Mokgwa ono o fokoditswe ka ntlha ya tsereganyo ya segompieno go tswa Lefapheng la Boitekanelo (DoH) mo [[Aforika Borwa]]. Gone jaanong, ukosiswa gantsi e tsaya malatsi a le mararo kgotsa kwa tlase ga moo, mme mo mafelong mangwe tlwaelo eno e e kileng ya bo e tlwaelegile ga e tlhole e dirwa gotlhelele, ka gore ba ba simololang go tsena mo bodumeding ba ja dijo tse di tshwanang le tse ba neng ba di ja kwa gae. Morago ga lobaka lono, ba ka kgona go tsamaya ka kgololesego mo sekgweng le mo dithabeng, fa fela ba sa itshupe mo setšhabeng kana mo basading, ka gonne seo se tsewa e le selo se se tlhabisang ditlhong thata mo lelapeng. ==== Ukuphuma ==== Fa a fetsa nako ya go nna a le nosi, moitshwaredi o tswa mo ibhoma mme a tabogela kwa nokeng e e fa gaufi go ya go tlhapa, a itlhwekisa mo mmeleng le mo moweng, go tshwantshetsa go tsalwa sesha le go amogelwa ka botlalo jaaka monna ke setšhaba, mo mabakeng mangwe banna ba bagolo ba a mo leleka fa a tabogela kwa nokeng e le tsela ya go mo kgothatsa. O boa kwa sekgweng a apesitswe kobo (irhagi) e gantsi e bipang sefatlhego le tlhogo go ya kwa dinaong. Bangwe ba tshola dithobane tse di tswang ka phatlha e nnye gaufi le sefatlhego. ==== Umgidi ==== Moletlo o o botlhokwa o o tshwarwang fa motho yo o tseneng mo thutong a boela gae fa a sena go tswa mo thutong. Lelapa le morafe o mogolo ba tlhaba nku kgotsa kgomo go mo tlotla, ba ntsha dimpho (ukusoka) le go tlotla banna ba ba sa tswang go simolola (amakrwala, bontsi jwa ikrwala). Moletlo ono wa setšhaba o gatelela kamogelo e e itumedisang le maemo a masha a loago, le go nna le seabe. Le fa e na le botlhokwa jwa setso, go botlhokwa go lemoga gore umgidi ga se karolo e e tlhokegang ya ngwao, go tsena fela (ukungena) go tsewa e le tshimologo, mo go ba bangwe umgidi e ka nna kgang ya madi. ==== Ukusoka ==== Mokete wa morago ga go tsenngwa mo tirong o gantsi o tlang morago ga umgidi, o o akaretsang go abelana dimpho ka tsela ya tshwantshetso le go tlhomamisa phatlalatsa gore motho yo o tsenngwang mo tirong ke monna. Kgato eno e akaretsa go apara diaparo tsa setso le go nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa loago tse di nonotshang phetogo. ==== Go fisa Iboma ==== Ka letsatsi la umgidi kgotsa ka bonako fela morago ga foo, ibhoma le dilwana tsa go tsenngwa mo bodumeding - go akaretsa le diaparo tsa bogologolo tsa motho yo o tsenngwang mo bodumeding tse a di latlhileng ka nako ya fa a ne a le nosi - di a fisiwa. Mokete ono o dira gore motho yo o tsenang a fetoge mme ka tsela ya semoya o tswala kgaolo ya go nna a le nosi Lereo umphumo ka dinako tse dingwe le kaya moletlo wa go boela gae o o tshwanang le ukuphuma le umgidi, o o supang go boa ga motho yo o tseneng mo setšhabeng e le monna yo o itsegeng Maina a ditso, kgotsa ISIDUKO, a fetisetswa kwa go ba bangwe ka molomo, ke a botlhokwa thata mo bothong jwa Ba-Xhosa le mo dikamanong tsa bone le ba bangwe. Go itse isiduko ya motho go botlhokwa thata mo go nneng le setso le go nna seoposengwe. === Botlhokwa Jwa Setso le Kganetsano === Ulwaluko e sa ntse e le moetlo o o boitshepo thata e bile e le wa sephiri, o o direlwang fela batho ba ba tsenang kereke le banna ba ba godileng. Gantsi metswedi ya tshedimosetso kgotsa batho ba bua thata ka meetlo eno mme seno se ka dira gore batho ba se ka ba dumalana le yone. Mokgwa wa ulwaluko o akaretsa go kgabisa mmele ka tsela ya setso jaaka go penta mmele ka letsopa (umhlonyane kgotsa ochre e tshweu) mme o felela ka go fisiwa ga ibhoma, e e tshwantshetsang go itshekisiwa le go tsalwa sesha. Mekgwa eno e akaretsa go fetisetsa botho jwa motho, maikarabelo le ditiro tsa setšhaba go tswa mo bagolong go ya kwa dikokomaneng tse dinnye. Ditshwayotshwayo tsa Bophirima gantsi di itlhokomolosa maemo a setso le mekgwa e e tlhabologang ya tshireletso e e amogelwang ke ditšhaba tsa Ba-Xhosa, ba bontsi jwa bone ba femelang ditso tseno ka thata jaaka tse di botlhokwa mo go bolokeng setso. === Melao le Ditshiamelo tse dingwe tse di Amanang === Gantsi moletlo wa Imikhwetha o tsamaisana le meletlo ya setšhaba yotlhe e e akaretsang go bina ga setso, go opela le mekete. Ditlwaelo tsa morago ga go belega di akaretsa go ima le go fitlha placenta le thapo ya popelo gaufi le legae, dingwao tse di tlhalosiwang ka botlalo mo ditumedisong tse di jaaka Inkaba yakho iphi? ( Nabo ya gago e kae?), e e senolang gore motho o tswa kae, ke wa lotso lofe le gore o na le maemo afe mo setšhabeng. == Go tshwenyega ka botsogo == Fa e sa le ka 1995, bobotlana batho ba le 969 ba ba tseneng mo moketeng ono ba ile ba swa ka ntlha ya mathata a a bakilweng ke mokete ono. Dipalopalo tse di nepagetseng ga di teng ka palo ya go kgaolwa ga penile, mme go fopholediwa gore palo ya bone e batla e le gabedi go feta palo ya dintsho. Bontsi jwa dintsho le mathata ke ditlamorago tsa go tlhoka bokgoni ga dingaka tsa setso. Leno ke lebaka la go bo segolobogolo Pondoland e amiwa thata ke dintsho le mathata. Ba Mpondo ba ne ba dira ngwao eno go fitlha Kgosi Faku a e thibela ka dingwaga tsa bo1820 morago ga gore a latlhegelwe ke barwa ba gagwe ba le mmalwa ka ntlha ya mathata. Dikolo tsa go simolola di ne tsa boa tsa tlhaga gape ka bo1980 le bo1990, mme ngwao eno jaanong e dirwa ka selekanyo se segolo. Ka Ferikgong 2014, [[Desmond Tutu]] o ne a rotloetsa baeteledipele ba setso le puso go tsereganya, le "go dirisa bokgoni jwa dingaka tse di nang le bokgoni go tokafatsa mekgwa ya rona ya setso ya go rupisa". Mo godimo ga moo o ne a gatelela botlhokwa jwa ngwao ya setso jaaka setheo sa thuto, go baakanyetsa ba ba simololang "go nna le seabe mo go ageng setšhaba se se botoka sa botlhe. Mo selemong sa 2019 mo [[Aforika Borwa]], palogotlhe ya basimane ba le 21 ba ne ba tlhokafala mo dikolong tse di farologaneng tsa go simolola mo kgaolong eo yotlhe. Bontsi jwa dintsho tseno di ne di bakwa ke go felelwa ke metsi mo mmeleng ka ntlha ya go bo go ne go se na metsi a a lekaneng. Tona ya Boitekanelo, Zweli Mkhize, o ne a akantsha gore dikolo di se ka tsa tlhola di dirisa ngwao eno ka dikgwedi tsa selemo André van der Merwe o ara monna wa dingwaga di le 21 yo o neng a nna le mathata ka ntlha ya meetlo ya go tsenngwa mo dikolong tse e seng tsa semolao. Ka 21 Moranang 2017 go ne ga dirwa karo ya bobedi ya go tsenya monna wa bobedi mo monneng ka dingaka tse di eteletsweng pele ke Dr. van der Merwe mo monneng wa dingwaga tse 40 yo o neng a latlhegetswe ke monna wa gagwe dingwaga tse 17 pele ga karo eo. Dingaka di ile tsa bolela gore ka ntlha ya maemo a a amanang le dikolo tse di seng kafa molaong tsa go rupisa, [[Aforika Borwa]] e fetogile nngwe ya dinaga tse di tlhokang thata go tsenngwa dirwe tsa tsalo tsa dirwe tsa bonna. === Go Tsenelela mo Kgannyeng ya Polokesego === Go ile ga begwa ka metlha gore go na le basimane ba ba swang ka nako ya meletlo ya go rupisiwa e e tlwaelegileng ya go rupisiwa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], mme ngwaga le ngwaga basimane ba swa kwa dikolong tse di seng kafa molaong. Mokgwa ono gape o ile wa amanngwa le kotsi ya go tshwaediwa ke [[HIV/AIDS|HIV]] ka go abelana didirisiwa tse di sa tsenngwang dibolayamegare le batho ba bangwe. Jaanong netefatso ya dingwaga tsa semolao e a patelesega pele ga go simololwa, gantsi e baya dingwaga tse di kwa tlase go 16 kgotsa 18 mme tumelelo ya motsadi kgotsa motlhokomedi e a tlhokega mo baneng ba ba sa leng babotlana. Ditlhatlhobo tsa bongaka pele ga go rupisiwa go netefatsa gore ba ba tsenngwang ba itekanetse mo go lekaneng gore ba ka dirwa jalo, fa dingaka tsa setso tsa karo (ingcibi) le dikolo tsa go rupisiwa di tshwanetse go kwadisiwa le go bewa leitlho go netefatsa gore go latelwa melao ya pabalesego. Ba ba tsenngwang ba patelesega go nwa metsi ka metlha fa ba le kwa thoko, kgato e e tsentsweng go thibela komelelo e e kotsi e e neng e dirisiwa pele mo ditsong tse dingwe, mme go dirisiwa ga didirisiwa tsa go sega tse di senang dibolayamegare go rotloediwa thata go thibela go fetisiwa ga [[HIV/AIDS]], tetanus, le malwetse a mangwe. Molao wa Tlwaelo ya go Simolola Ngwao (2021) o dira gore go nne le ngwao ya setso fa o ntse o tlhomamisa gore melao ya boitekanelo le ditshwanelo tsa batho di a sirelediwa. Molao ono o laela gore go latelwe melao e e rileng ya go simolola tiro. == Tharaso == Banna ba basodoma mo [[Aforika Borwa]] ba sa ntse ba kgobiwa le go tshwaiwa diphoso ke batho ba ba tshelang le bone. Mokgwa wa ngwao wa Ulwaluko ke mokgwa wa setso o o tlotlegang thata le o o boitshepo mo bathong ba Ba-Xhosa le bangwe ba ba buang Se-Nguni ba [[Aforika Borwa]]. Go ile ga bolelwa gore tsela e mokgwa ono o amang motho ka yone e ka nna ya dira gore lekawana lengwe le le ratang batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang le jwa lone le se ka la itlotla, le fa gone go sa patelesege gore motho ope a nne le seabe mo go one. Banna bangwe ba basodoma ba ba neng ba nna le seabe mo ngwaong eno ba ne ba bolela gore ba ne ba dira jalo gore ba tle ba amogelwe jaaka banna ba setso sa bone. Go ka bolelwa se se tshwanang ka banna ba ba sa rupisiwang ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo le banna ba bangwe. Mabaka a mangwe a go nna le seabe mo Ulwaluko a akaretsa go kgotsofatsa keletso ya go fitlhelela ditebello tsa setšhaba mmogo le kgatelelo go tswa mo lelapeng go sokologela go bong bo sele ka thulaganyo ya Ulwaluko. Filimi ya The Wound e ne ya tlhagisiwa kwa Sundance Film Festival ka 2017 mme e tlhotlheleditswe ke padi ya ga Thando Mgqolozana A Man Who is Not a Man e e buang thata ka maitemogelo a banna ba basodoma ka nako ya Ulwaluko. Baeteledipele ba setso ba Ba-Xhosa ba ne ba tshwaya filimi phoso ka go re ke "go tlhoka tlotlo" le "go nyatsa setso sa Ba-Xhosa" ka gore e ne e bontsha dingwao tse di fitlhegileng. Filimi e e ile ya tshwantshanngwa le Oscar e e fentseng Moonlight. Tiriso ya Ulwaluko gape e laolwa ke dikarolo di le mmalwa tsa molao go rotloetsa pabalesego le tshireletso ya ba ba sa leng bannye ba ba tseneng mo dikolong tse di seng ka fa molaong tse di tseneng mo dikolong tse di seng ka fa molaong; melao eno e akaretsa Molaotheo wa Aforika Borwa (1996), Molao wa Bana (2005), Molao wa (Eastern Cape) wa Tiriso ya Maemo a Boitekanelo mo Molaong wa go Rupa wa Setso (2001), le Molao wa Baitseanape ba Boitekanelo ba Setso (2004). == Tsela e batho ba lebang dilo ka yone gompieno == Tlwaelo ya bogologolo ya Ulwaluko e santse e tsewa e le maleba ke banna ba bašwa ba Ba-Xhosa, le batho ba Ba-Xhosa. [Mdedetyana, 2019] Ke mokgwa o o boitshepo o o direlwang lelapa. Batho ba le bantsi ba rata ngwao eno e bile ba e tsaya e le botlhokwa thata mo setsong sa bone. Go rupisiwa ga banna go ka dirwa kwa bookelong/kliniking, le fa go ntse jalo, tlhopho eno ga e a emisetsa Ulwaluko ka gonne ga e tshwane le bokao jwa setso sa Ulwaluko go feta go ntsha letlalo la bonna. Mdedetyana, 2019). Ditirelo di le mmalwa di a diragala pele ga motho yo monnye a 'tsena' mo balelapa ba phuthegang go batla masego le go bona mosimane a tsamaya. Basimane ba babotlana ba itsisiwe bagologolwane ba bone le 'uQamata', ba rutiwa ka hisetori ya bone, ba rutiwa go nna le boikgapo, go nna banna ba ba nang le malapa le go nna basha ba ba nang le maikarabelo ba ba nang le seabe se se siameng mo setšhabeng. Ga go na tlhakanelodikobo gotlhelele (kana ga e a tshwanela go nna teng) mo sekgweng, e ka tswa e le ya batho ba bong bo sele kana nnyaa, ka gonne se tsewa e le lefelo le le boitshepo le le babalesegileng mo baneng (jaaka sekolo sa Sontaga). Basadi le basetsana ga ba a letlelelwa, le fa mo malapeng mangwe le bana ba bannye ba ka letlelelwa go etelwa ka gore bana ba bannye ba a tlotliwa e bile ba emela bophepa le go tlhoka molato. Ka jalo, ga go tsewe tsia go le kalo gore motho ke wa bong bofe, ka gonne ene ka boene e sa ntse e le mosimane, ka jalo go tlhoka molato ga gagwe ga go kgaolwe fa a segwa mme go supa (inxeba) phetogo e e botlhoko go tswa go mosimane go ya go monna. Ga a 'dirwe' go nna monna yo o nnang mo 'sekgweng.' == Dikganetsano == Dintlha tsa ngwao ga di a tshwanela go senolelwa basadi kgotsa banna ba ba sa tsenngwang, go ya ka molawana wa 'se se diragalang mo thabeng, se nna mo thabeng', go ya ka metswedi mengwe. Kgethololo ya setso e ka nna kgolo thata mo e leng gore banna ba ba sa rupisiwang kgotsa ba ba rupisitsweng 'go sa tshwanela' ba a tlhaselwa le go itewa ka ntlha ya go sa tsamaelane ga bone, ga go a totobala gore go tsamaelana le eng kgotsa kgokagano le tlwaelo ya nakwana ka boyona. Ka Mopitlwe 2014 lekawana lengwe le ne la tlhaselwa morago ga gore a bue kwa pokanong ya setšhaba ka mathata a a neng a nna le one ka ntlha ya ngwao eno. Dingaka tsa Ba-Dutch Dingeman J. Rijken o ne a alafa balwetse ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba na le mathata a kalafi a a bakilweng ke Ulwaluko. Ka Ferikgong 2014 o ne a tlhoma webosaete go "itsise ba ba ka nnang ba tsenngwa le setšhaba ka bophara ka ga diphiri tse di lefifi tsa moetlo". Web site eno e na le tshedimosetso e e tseneletseng ka mathata a botsogo a a amanang le ngwao eno e bile e na le tharabololo e e ka dirisiwang go fokotsa dikotsi tseno. Gape e na le ditshwantsho tse di fetang 150 tsa dirwe tsa tlhakanelodikobo tse di gobaditsweng ka ntlha ya go rupisiwa ka tsela e e sa tshwanelang, tse di neng tsa nna le mathata a a akaretsang go tshwaediwa ke megare, go ruruga le go kgaolwa dirwe tsa tlhakanelodikobo. Ditshwantsho tseno, tse di tserweng ke Dr. Rijken le batlamedi ba bangwe ba tsa kalafi, di ne tsa gatisiwa ka tumelelo ya molwetse.[ Go phasaladiwa ga dinepe tse go ne ga tsosa kgalefo mo baeteledipeleng ba setso ba Kapa Botlhaba. 5] Ba ne ba kopa gore South African Film and Publication Board (FSB) e tswale webosaete, le fa gone FSB e ne e se ene a nang le maikarabelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, Boto e ne ya swetsa ka gore website eno e ne e le ya "saense e e nang le mosola o mogolo wa go ruta", e bua ka "bothata jwa setšhaba jo bo tlhokang go rarabololwa ka bonako". == Dilo Tse di Tshwanang le Tsone mo Ditsong Tse Dingwe Bosodoma == Fela jaaka Ulwaluko, go rupisiwa go dirwa mo ditsong di le dintsi mo lefatsheng lotlhe e le mokgwa wa go fetisa motho kana wa bodumedi. Mo ditumelong tsa ga Aberahame - tse di akaretsang Bojuda, Boiselamo le tumelo ya Ba-Druze go rupa go botlhokwa thata mo setsong le mo bodumeding. Bajuta ba dira brit milah ka letsatsi la borobedi morago ga go belegwa, go tshwantshetsa kgolagano magareng ga Modimo le Aborahame. Mo Boiselamong, go rupa gantsi go dirwa fa motho a sa ntse a le ngwana go bontsha gore o na le tumelo e bile o phepa. Mo bathong ba Ba-Druze, go rupa go dirwa jaaka ngwao ya setso go na le go nna boikarabelo jo bo gagametseng jwa bodumedi. [ Setšhaba sa Lemba sa Aforika Borwa le Zimbabwe, ba ba ipolelang gore ba tswa mo merafeng ya bogologolo ya Bajuta mme ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwa "setšhaba se se latlhegileng sa Iseraele", le bone ba dira thupiso jaaka karolo ya bodumedi jwa bone. Mo godimo ga moo, ditlhopha tse di farologaneng tsa Afrika Botlhaba jaaka Masai wa Kenya le Tanzania ba dirisa thupiso go tshwaya phetogo go tswa mo bongwaneng go ya mo bongwaneng go tshwana le Ulwaluko. == Bona gape == * Lebollo la banna * Intonjane == Metswedi == 5zyltcpybgipl7w69m9pl81z4hoi8nv 55601 55600 2026-09-24T20:30:50Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 55601 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abakwetha_in_the_forest.jpg|thumb|Abakhwetha (group of initiates)]] === '''Ulwaluko''' === Ulwaluko ke tlwaelo ya setso ya go simolola le go fetisa e e dirwang (le fa e se fela) ke batho ba Ba-Xhosa, mme e tlwaelegile go ralala [[Aforika Borwa]]. Mokete ono ka tlwaelo o ne o direlwa go ruta, go baakanyetsa makawana maikarabelo a go nna banna. Ka jalo, ba ba simololang ba bidiwa abakhwetha ka isiXhosa: aba e raya setlhopha, mme kwetha e raya ba ba simololang. Monna a le mongwe mo setlhopheng o bidiwa umkhwetha. Monna yo o sa tsenngwang mo thulaganyong e, o bidiwa inkwenkwe (mosimane), go sa kgathalesege dingwaga tsa gagwe, mme ga a letlelelwe go tsaya karolo mo ditirong tsa banna jaaka dikopano tsa morafe Tlwaelo ya go simolola e dirwa gantsi kwa bokhutlong jwa Seetebosigo/mo tshimologong ya Phukwi kgotsa kwa bokhutlong jwa Ngwanatsele/mo tshimologong ya Sedimonthole. Ka nako ya fa go dirwa moetlo oo, ngaka ya setso e e arang (ngcibi) e ntsha letlalo la bonna ka karo. Morago ga go segwa, nako ya go nna o le nosi e tsaya lobaka lwa kgwedi e le nngwe mme e kgaogantswe ka dikgato tse pedi mme seno ga se a tlwaelega mo metlheng ya segompieno le/kgotsa mo mafelong a ditoropo, koo gantsi e tsayang bobotlana dibeke di le 4. Mo malatsing a ntlha a le 7 ba ba tsenang ba tswalelwa mo ntlwaneng (bhoma) mme ba thibelwa go ja dijo dingwe, jaaka nama, mme seno se ka farologana ka gonne malapa mangwe le mangwe a na le ditumelo tsa one kana ditsela tsa one tsa go dira dilo. Metsi le one a ka nna a thibelwa.[ Kgato eno e felela ka mokete wa ukojiswa, o mo go one dilo tse di ileditsweng mo dijong di gololwang, e leng se se supang go fetela mo kgatong ya bobedi e e tsayang dibeke tse dingwe tse pedi go ya go tse tharo. Ka nako ya dikgato tseno ba ba simololang ba tlhokomelwa ke ikhankatha (motlhokomedi wa setso). Nako eno ya go nna ba le bosi e fela fa basimane ba kgothalediwa gore ba tabogele kwa nokeng go ya go tlhapa, go ikaegile ka lefelo le ba leng kwa go lone. Ntlwana (Bhoma) le dithoto tsa ba ba tseneng mo go yone di a fisiwa, go akaretsa le diaparo tsa bone. Seno se tshwantshetsa tsela e ntšha ya kafa ntle e batho ba ba tsenang kereke ba tshwanetseng go nna ka yone. Tota e bile go tlwaelegile gore batho ba ba tsenang kereke ba apare ka tsela e e nang le seriti ka lobaka lo lo rileng morago ga moletlo. Motho mongwe le mongwe yo o tsenngwang o amogela kobo e ntšha mme jaanong o bidiwa "ikrwala" (mo bongweng) e e rayang monna yo mosha kgotsa amakrwala (bontsi - banna ba basha). == Ditlwaelo Tsa go Feta le Dikarolo Tsa Ditlwaelo == Batho ba Ba-Xhosa ba kwa borwa jwa [[Aforika]] ba na le ngwao e e bidiwang Ulwaluko, e e rayang go simolola, e leng ngwao ya go fetisa e e supang go fetoga ga mosimane go nna monna kana mosetsana go nna mosadi (intonjane). E supa phetogo e kgolo, e tlisa maemo a loago le tlotlo, mme e fetola tsela e setšhaba se go lebang ka yone le e se go lebang ka yone. Morago ga moletlo, basimane ba bidiwa ubhuti, e le sesupo sa tlotlo le maemo a bone a masha, go bitsa monna ka leina la gagwe go tsewa e le selo se se sa letlelelwang thata fa ba sena go tsenngwa moletlo. === Imbeleko === Imbeleko Ke moletlo o o dirwang ka bonako fela morago ga go tsholwa ga ngwana go mo itsise bagologolwane le go ba amogela mo lelapeng le mo setšhabeng === Intonjane === Intonjane Ke moletlo wa setso wa go simolola wa basetsana, go tshwaya go tsena ga bone mo bosading. Basetsana ba ba iphitlhelang ba le mo bodutu le go kaelwa ka ditiro, maikarabelo le ditebello tsa setso tsa go nna mosadi. === Ulwaluko === Ulwaluko Ke ngwaokobamelo ya motheo ya go simolola go nna monna, e e kayang "go fetoga" kana "go rupa". E supa phetogo ya inkwenkwe (mosimane) go nna indoda (monna). Mokgwa o o akaretsang wa ulwaluko o na le dikgato tse di farologaneng: ==== Ukungena ==== Kwa tshimologong, go rupisiwa go dirwa mo mosong kwa kraal (lefelo le le dikologileng legae) ke ingcibi (ngaka e e arang ya setso). Bagolwane le banna ba ba godileng ba tsamaya le motho yo o simololang, yo o bidiwang umkhewtha, go ya kwa lefelong le le kwa thoko la ibhoma kgotsa bhoma e leng mokhukhwana wa setso o o kgolokwe o gantsi o leng mo sekgweng gaufi le dithaba kgotsa mo lefelong lengwe le le kwa kgakala, kwa a tla fetsang nako ya go nna a le nosi teng a le kgakala le batho ba ba mo tikologong. ==== Go Nna o le Nosi Kwa Iboma ==== Ka tlwaelo e tsaya dibeke di le pedi go ya go di le tharo (e khutshwane gompieno ka ntlha ya go tsena sekolo le go dira tiro e e rileng, le fa gone ka dinako tse dingwe go dirwa jalo kgwedi yotlhe), moitlami o nna a le nosi. Mo nakong eno, o amogela dithuto go tswa go bagolo le batlhokomedi ba ba tlhophilweng ba ba bidiwang ikhankatha ka ga maikarabelo a setso, maitsholo a setšhaba, bokgoni jwa go falola, le bokao jwa bonna mo setšhabeng sa Ba-Xhosa. Motho yo o tsenang mo thutong eno o apola diaparo tsa gagwe tsa bogologolo a bo a apara diaparo tse di kgethegileng tsa setso tse di tshwantshetsang botho jwa gagwe jo bosha. Mo ditšhabeng tse dingwe, o tshwara thobane e e tshwantshetsang go gola, go nna mogolo le go nna le taolo. Ka nako ya moletlo oo, ba ne ba ipeola ditlhogo ba bo ba tlhapa gore ba nne phepa e le letshwao la gore ba fetogile go tswa mo mosimaneng go nna monna. ==== Ukosiswa ==== Beke eno ke ya ntlha mo Ibhoma. Mo nakong eno, ba ba simololang go tsena mo bodumeding jono ba tshwanetse go ja fela mmidi o o omileng le go nwa metsi a a tswakilweng le molora. Bontsi jwa dilo tse dingwe tse di lapolosang di a kgaolwa, dijo di lekanyeditswe mo dilong tse pedi tseno, mme motsamao o lekanyeditswe mo teng ga ibhoma fela, ga ba kgone go tswa kgotsa go kgarakgatshega. Mokgwa ono o fokoditswe ka ntlha ya tsereganyo ya segompieno go tswa Lefapheng la Boitekanelo (DoH) mo [[Aforika Borwa]]. Gone jaanong, ukosiswa gantsi e tsaya malatsi a le mararo kgotsa kwa tlase ga moo, mme mo mafelong mangwe tlwaelo eno e e kileng ya bo e tlwaelegile ga e tlhole e dirwa gotlhelele, ka gore ba ba simololang go tsena mo bodumeding ba ja dijo tse di tshwanang le tse ba neng ba di ja kwa gae. Morago ga lobaka lono, ba ka kgona go tsamaya ka kgololesego mo sekgweng le mo dithabeng, fa fela ba sa itshupe mo setšhabeng kana mo basading, ka gonne seo se tsewa e le selo se se tlhabisang ditlhong thata mo lelapeng. ==== Ukuphuma ==== Fa a fetsa nako ya go nna a le nosi, moitshwaredi o tswa mo ibhoma mme a tabogela kwa nokeng e e fa gaufi go ya go tlhapa, a itlhwekisa mo mmeleng le mo moweng, go tshwantshetsa go tsalwa sesha le go amogelwa ka botlalo jaaka monna ke setšhaba, mo mabakeng mangwe banna ba bagolo ba a mo leleka fa a tabogela kwa nokeng e le tsela ya go mo kgothatsa. O boa kwa sekgweng a apesitswe kobo (irhagi) e gantsi e bipang sefatlhego le tlhogo go ya kwa dinaong. Bangwe ba tshola dithobane tse di tswang ka phatlha e nnye gaufi le sefatlhego. ==== Umgidi ==== Moletlo o o botlhokwa o o tshwarwang fa motho yo o tseneng mo thutong a boela gae fa a sena go tswa mo thutong. Lelapa le morafe o mogolo ba tlhaba nku kgotsa kgomo go mo tlotla, ba ntsha dimpho (ukusoka) le go tlotla banna ba ba sa tswang go simolola (amakrwala, bontsi jwa ikrwala). Moletlo ono wa setšhaba o gatelela kamogelo e e itumedisang le maemo a masha a loago, le go nna le seabe. Le fa e na le botlhokwa jwa setso, go botlhokwa go lemoga gore umgidi ga se karolo e e tlhokegang ya ngwao, go tsena fela (ukungena) go tsewa e le tshimologo, mo go ba bangwe umgidi e ka nna kgang ya madi. ==== Ukusoka ==== Mokete wa morago ga go tsenngwa mo tirong o gantsi o tlang morago ga umgidi, o o akaretsang go abelana dimpho ka tsela ya tshwantshetso le go tlhomamisa phatlalatsa gore motho yo o tsenngwang mo tirong ke monna. Kgato eno e akaretsa go apara diaparo tsa setso le go nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa loago tse di nonotshang phetogo. ==== Go fisa Iboma ==== Ka letsatsi la umgidi kgotsa ka bonako fela morago ga foo, ibhoma le dilwana tsa go tsenngwa mo bodumeding - go akaretsa le diaparo tsa bogologolo tsa motho yo o tsenngwang mo bodumeding tse a di latlhileng ka nako ya fa a ne a le nosi - di a fisiwa. Mokete ono o dira gore motho yo o tsenang a fetoge mme ka tsela ya semoya o tswala kgaolo ya go nna a le nosi Lereo umphumo ka dinako tse dingwe le kaya moletlo wa go boela gae o o tshwanang le ukuphuma le umgidi, o o supang go boa ga motho yo o tseneng mo setšhabeng e le monna yo o itsegeng Maina a ditso, kgotsa ISIDUKO, a fetisetswa kwa go ba bangwe ka molomo, ke a botlhokwa thata mo bothong jwa Ba-Xhosa le mo dikamanong tsa bone le ba bangwe. Go itse isiduko ya motho go botlhokwa thata mo go nneng le setso le go nna seoposengwe. === Botlhokwa Jwa Setso le Kganetsano === Ulwaluko e sa ntse e le moetlo o o boitshepo thata e bile e le wa sephiri, o o direlwang fela batho ba ba tsenang kereke le banna ba ba godileng. Gantsi metswedi ya tshedimosetso kgotsa batho ba bua thata ka meetlo eno mme seno se ka dira gore batho ba se ka ba dumalana le yone. Mokgwa wa ulwaluko o akaretsa go kgabisa mmele ka tsela ya setso jaaka go penta mmele ka letsopa (umhlonyane kgotsa ochre e tshweu) mme o felela ka go fisiwa ga ibhoma, e e tshwantshetsang go itshekisiwa le go tsalwa sesha. Mekgwa eno e akaretsa go fetisetsa botho jwa motho, maikarabelo le ditiro tsa setšhaba go tswa mo bagolong go ya kwa dikokomaneng tse dinnye. Ditshwayotshwayo tsa Bophirima gantsi di itlhokomolosa maemo a setso le mekgwa e e tlhabologang ya tshireletso e e amogelwang ke ditšhaba tsa Ba-Xhosa, ba bontsi jwa bone ba femelang ditso tseno ka thata jaaka tse di botlhokwa mo go bolokeng setso. === Melao le Ditshiamelo tse dingwe tse di Amanang === Gantsi moletlo wa Imikhwetha o tsamaisana le meletlo ya setšhaba yotlhe e e akaretsang go bina ga setso, go opela le mekete. Ditlwaelo tsa morago ga go belega di akaretsa go ima le go fitlha placenta le thapo ya popelo gaufi le legae, dingwao tse di tlhalosiwang ka botlalo mo ditumedisong tse di jaaka Inkaba yakho iphi? ( Nabo ya gago e kae?), e e senolang gore motho o tswa kae, ke wa lotso lofe le gore o na le maemo afe mo setšhabeng. == Go tshwenyega ka botsogo == Fa e sa le ka 1995, bobotlana batho ba le 969 ba ba tseneng mo moketeng ono ba ile ba swa ka ntlha ya mathata a a bakilweng ke mokete ono. Dipalopalo tse di nepagetseng ga di teng ka palo ya go kgaolwa ga penile, mme go fopholediwa gore palo ya bone e batla e le gabedi go feta palo ya dintsho. Bontsi jwa dintsho le mathata ke ditlamorago tsa go tlhoka bokgoni ga dingaka tsa setso. Leno ke lebaka la go bo segolobogolo Pondoland e amiwa thata ke dintsho le mathata. Ba Mpondo ba ne ba dira ngwao eno go fitlha Kgosi Faku a e thibela ka dingwaga tsa bo1820 morago ga gore a latlhegelwe ke barwa ba gagwe ba le mmalwa ka ntlha ya mathata. Dikolo tsa go simolola di ne tsa boa tsa tlhaga gape ka bo1980 le bo1990, mme ngwao eno jaanong e dirwa ka selekanyo se segolo. Ka Ferikgong 2014, [[Desmond Tutu]] o ne a rotloetsa baeteledipele ba setso le puso go tsereganya, le "go dirisa bokgoni jwa dingaka tse di nang le bokgoni go tokafatsa mekgwa ya rona ya setso ya go rupisa". Mo godimo ga moo o ne a gatelela botlhokwa jwa ngwao ya setso jaaka setheo sa thuto, go baakanyetsa ba ba simololang "go nna le seabe mo go ageng setšhaba se se botoka sa botlhe. Mo selemong sa 2019 mo [[Aforika Borwa]], palogotlhe ya basimane ba le 21 ba ne ba tlhokafala mo dikolong tse di farologaneng tsa go simolola mo kgaolong eo yotlhe. Bontsi jwa dintsho tseno di ne di bakwa ke go felelwa ke metsi mo mmeleng ka ntlha ya go bo go ne go se na metsi a a lekaneng. Tona ya Boitekanelo, Zweli Mkhize, o ne a akantsha gore dikolo di se ka tsa tlhola di dirisa ngwao eno ka dikgwedi tsa selemo André van der Merwe o ara monna wa dingwaga di le 21 yo o neng a nna le mathata ka ntlha ya meetlo ya go tsenngwa mo dikolong tse e seng tsa semolao. Ka 21 Moranang 2017 go ne ga dirwa karo ya bobedi ya go tsenya monna wa bobedi mo monneng ka dingaka tse di eteletsweng pele ke Dr. van der Merwe mo monneng wa dingwaga tse 40 yo o neng a latlhegetswe ke monna wa gagwe dingwaga tse 17 pele ga karo eo. Dingaka di ile tsa bolela gore ka ntlha ya maemo a a amanang le dikolo tse di seng kafa molaong tsa go rupisa, [[Aforika Borwa]] e fetogile nngwe ya dinaga tse di tlhokang thata go tsenngwa dirwe tsa tsalo tsa dirwe tsa bonna. === Go Tsenelela mo Kgannyeng ya Polokesego === Go ile ga begwa ka metlha gore go na le basimane ba ba swang ka nako ya meletlo ya go rupisiwa e e tlwaelegileng ya go rupisiwa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], mme ngwaga le ngwaga basimane ba swa kwa dikolong tse di seng kafa molaong. Mokgwa ono gape o ile wa amanngwa le kotsi ya go tshwaediwa ke [[HIV/AIDS|HIV]] ka go abelana didirisiwa tse di sa tsenngwang dibolayamegare le batho ba bangwe. Jaanong netefatso ya dingwaga tsa semolao e a patelesega pele ga go simololwa, gantsi e baya dingwaga tse di kwa tlase go 16 kgotsa 18 mme tumelelo ya motsadi kgotsa motlhokomedi e a tlhokega mo baneng ba ba sa leng babotlana. Ditlhatlhobo tsa bongaka pele ga go rupisiwa go netefatsa gore ba ba tsenngwang ba itekanetse mo go lekaneng gore ba ka dirwa jalo, fa dingaka tsa setso tsa karo (ingcibi) le dikolo tsa go rupisiwa di tshwanetse go kwadisiwa le go bewa leitlho go netefatsa gore go latelwa melao ya pabalesego. Ba ba tsenngwang ba patelesega go nwa metsi ka metlha fa ba le kwa thoko, kgato e e tsentsweng go thibela komelelo e e kotsi e e neng e dirisiwa pele mo ditsong tse dingwe, mme go dirisiwa ga didirisiwa tsa go sega tse di senang dibolayamegare go rotloediwa thata go thibela go fetisiwa ga [[HIV/AIDS]], tetanus, le malwetse a mangwe. Molao wa Tlwaelo ya go Simolola Ngwao (2021) o dira gore go nne le ngwao ya setso fa o ntse o tlhomamisa gore melao ya boitekanelo le ditshwanelo tsa batho di a sirelediwa. Molao ono o laela gore go latelwe melao e e rileng ya go simolola tiro. == Tharaso == Banna ba basodoma mo [[Aforika Borwa]] ba sa ntse ba kgobiwa le go tshwaiwa diphoso ke batho ba ba tshelang le bone. Mokgwa wa ngwao wa Ulwaluko ke mokgwa wa setso o o tlotlegang thata le o o boitshepo mo bathong ba Ba-Xhosa le bangwe ba ba buang Se-Nguni ba [[Aforika Borwa]]. Go ile ga bolelwa gore tsela e mokgwa ono o amang motho ka yone e ka nna ya dira gore lekawana lengwe le le ratang batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang le jwa lone le se ka la itlotla, le fa gone go sa patelesege gore motho ope a nne le seabe mo go one. Banna bangwe ba basodoma ba ba neng ba nna le seabe mo ngwaong eno ba ne ba bolela gore ba ne ba dira jalo gore ba tle ba amogelwe jaaka banna ba setso sa bone. Go ka bolelwa se se tshwanang ka banna ba ba sa rupisiwang ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo le banna ba bangwe. Mabaka a mangwe a go nna le seabe mo Ulwaluko a akaretsa go kgotsofatsa keletso ya go fitlhelela ditebello tsa setšhaba mmogo le kgatelelo go tswa mo lelapeng go sokologela go bong bo sele ka thulaganyo ya Ulwaluko. Filimi ya The Wound e ne ya tlhagisiwa kwa Sundance Film Festival ka 2017 mme e tlhotlheleditswe ke padi ya ga Thando Mgqolozana A Man Who is Not a Man e e buang thata ka maitemogelo a banna ba basodoma ka nako ya Ulwaluko. Baeteledipele ba setso ba Ba-Xhosa ba ne ba tshwaya filimi phoso ka go re ke "go tlhoka tlotlo" le "go nyatsa setso sa Ba-Xhosa" ka gore e ne e bontsha dingwao tse di fitlhegileng. Filimi e e ile ya tshwantshanngwa le Oscar e e fentseng Moonlight. Tiriso ya Ulwaluko gape e laolwa ke dikarolo di le mmalwa tsa molao go rotloetsa pabalesego le tshireletso ya ba ba sa leng bannye ba ba tseneng mo dikolong tse di seng ka fa molaong tse di tseneng mo dikolong tse di seng ka fa molaong; melao eno e akaretsa Molaotheo wa [[Aforika Borwa]] (1996), Molao wa Bana (2005), Molao wa ([[Eastern Cape]]) wa Tiriso ya Maemo a Boitekanelo mo Molaong wa go Rupa wa Setso (2001), le Molao wa Baitseanape ba Boitekanelo ba Setso (2004). == Tsela e batho ba lebang dilo ka yone gompieno == Tlwaelo ya bogologolo ya Ulwaluko e santse e tsewa e le maleba ke banna ba bašwa ba Ba-Xhosa, le batho ba Ba-Xhosa. [Mdedetyana, 2019] Ke mokgwa o o boitshepo o o direlwang lelapa. Batho ba le bantsi ba rata ngwao eno e bile ba e tsaya e le botlhokwa thata mo setsong sa bone. Go rupisiwa ga banna go ka dirwa kwa bookelong/kliniking, le fa go ntse jalo, tlhopho eno ga e a emisetsa Ulwaluko ka gonne ga e tshwane le bokao jwa setso sa Ulwaluko go feta go ntsha letlalo la bonna. Mdedetyana, 2019. Ditirelo di le mmalwa di a diragala pele ga motho yo monnye a 'tsena' mo balelapa ba phuthegang go batla masego le go bona mosimane a tsamaya. Basimane ba babotlana ba itsisiwe bagologolwane ba bone le 'uQamata', ba rutiwa ka hisetori ya bone, ba rutiwa go nna le boikgapo, go nna banna ba ba nang le malapa le go nna basha ba ba nang le maikarabelo ba ba nang le seabe se se siameng mo setšhabeng. Ga go na tlhakanelodikobo gotlhelele (kana ga e a tshwanela go nna teng) mo sekgweng, e ka tswa e le ya batho ba bong bo sele kana nnyaa, ka gonne se tsewa e le lefelo le le boitshepo le le babalesegileng mo baneng (jaaka sekolo sa Sontaga). Basadi le basetsana ga ba a letlelelwa, le fa mo malapeng mangwe le bana ba bannye ba ka letlelelwa go etelwa ka gore bana ba bannye ba a tlotliwa e bile ba emela bophepa le go tlhoka molato. Ka jalo, ga go tsewe tsia go le kalo gore motho ke wa bong bofe, ka gonne ene ka boene e sa ntse e le mosimane, ka jalo go tlhoka molato ga gagwe ga go kgaolwe fa a segwa mme go supa (inxeba) phetogo e e botlhoko go tswa go mosimane go ya go monna. Ga a 'dirwe' go nna monna yo o nnang mo 'sekgweng.' == Dikganetsano == Dintlha tsa ngwao ga di a tshwanela go senolelwa basadi kgotsa banna ba ba sa tsenngwang, go ya ka molawana wa 'se se diragalang mo thabeng, se nna mo thabeng', go ya ka metswedi mengwe. Kgethololo ya setso e ka nna kgolo thata mo e leng gore banna ba ba sa rupisiwang kgotsa ba ba rupisitsweng 'go sa tshwanela' ba a tlhaselwa le go itewa ka ntlha ya go sa tsamaelane ga bone, ga go a totobala gore go tsamaelana le eng kgotsa kgokagano le tlwaelo ya nakwana ka boyona. Ka Mopitlwe 2014 lekawana lengwe le ne la tlhaselwa morago ga gore a bue kwa pokanong ya setšhaba ka mathata a a neng a nna le one ka ntlha ya ngwao eno. Dingaka tsa Ba-Dutch Dingeman J. Rijken o ne a alafa balwetse ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba na le mathata a kalafi a a bakilweng ke Ulwaluko. Ka Ferikgong 2014 o ne a tlhoma webosaete go "itsise ba ba ka nnang ba tsenngwa le setšhaba ka bophara ka ga diphiri tse di lefifi tsa moetlo". Web site eno e na le tshedimosetso e e tseneletseng ka mathata a botsogo a a amanang le ngwao eno e bile e na le tharabololo e e ka dirisiwang go fokotsa dikotsi tseno. Gape e na le ditshwantsho tse di fetang 150 tsa dirwe tsa tlhakanelodikobo tse di gobaditsweng ka ntlha ya go rupisiwa ka tsela e e sa tshwanelang, tse di neng tsa nna le mathata a a akaretsang go tshwaediwa ke megare, go ruruga le go kgaolwa dirwe tsa tlhakanelodikobo. Ditshwantsho tseno, tse di tserweng ke Dr. Rijken le batlamedi ba bangwe ba tsa kalafi, di ne tsa gatisiwa ka tumelelo ya molwetse. Go phasaladiwa ga dinepe tse go ne ga tsosa kgalefo mo baeteledipeleng ba setso ba Kapa Botlhaba. Ba ne ba kopa gore South African Film and Publication Board (FSB) e tswale webosaete, le fa gone FSB e ne e se ene a nang le maikarabelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, Boto e ne ya swetsa ka gore website eno e ne e le ya "saense e e nang le mosola o mogolo wa go ruta", e bua ka "bothata jwa setšhaba jo bo tlhokang go rarabololwa ka bonako". == Dilo Tse di Tshwanang le Tsone mo Ditsong Tse Dingwe Bosodoma == Fela jaaka Ulwaluko, go rupisiwa go dirwa mo ditsong di le dintsi mo lefatsheng lotlhe e le mokgwa wa go fetisa motho kana wa bodumedi. Mo ditumelong tsa ga Aberahame - tse di akaretsang Bojuda, Boiselamo le tumelo ya Ba-Druze go rupa go botlhokwa thata mo setsong le mo bodumeding. Bajuta ba dira brit milah ka letsatsi la borobedi morago ga go belegwa, go tshwantshetsa kgolagano magareng ga Modimo le Aborahame. Mo Boiselamong, go rupa gantsi go dirwa fa motho a sa ntse a le ngwana go bontsha gore o na le tumelo e bile o phepa. Mo bathong ba Ba-Druze, go rupa go dirwa jaaka ngwao ya setso go na le go nna boikarabelo jo bo gagametseng jwa bodumedi. [ Setšhaba sa Lemba sa [[Aforika Borwa]] le [[Zimbabwe]], ba ba ipolelang gore ba tswa mo merafeng ya bogologolo ya Bajuta mme ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwa "setšhaba se se latlhegileng sa Iseraele", le bone ba dira thupiso jaaka karolo ya bodumedi jwa bone. Mo godimo ga moo, ditlhopha tse di farologaneng tsa [[Aforika]] Botlhaba jaaka Masai wa [[Kenya]] le [[Tanzania]] ba dirisa thupiso go tshwaya phetogo go tswa mo bongwaneng go ya mo bongwaneng go tshwana le Ulwaluko. == Bona gape == * Lebollo la banna * Intonjane == Metswedi == 3ooddvyvtw4gu99sonpudwpw903djfz 55603 55601 2026-09-24T20:39:55Z Reagoleboga 10854 added information 55603 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abakwetha_in_the_forest.jpg|thumb|Abakhwetha (group of initiates)]] === '''Ulwaluko''' === Ulwaluko ke tlwaelo ya setso ya go simolola le go fetisa e e dirwang (le fa e se fela) ke batho ba Ba-Xhosa, mme e tlwaelegile go ralala [[Aforika Borwa]]. Mokete ono ka tlwaelo o ne o direlwa go ruta, go baakanyetsa makawana maikarabelo a go nna banna. Ka jalo, ba ba simololang ba bidiwa abakhwetha ka isiXhosa: aba e raya setlhopha, mme kwetha e raya ba ba simololang. Monna a le mongwe mo setlhopheng o bidiwa umkhwetha. Monna yo o sa tsenngwang mo thulaganyong e, o bidiwa inkwenkwe (mosimane), go sa kgathalesege dingwaga tsa gagwe, mme ga a letlelelwe go tsaya karolo mo ditirong tsa banna jaaka dikopano tsa morafe.<ref name=":1">https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/how-much-initiation-schools-can-charge-province/</ref> Tlwaelo ya go simolola e dirwa gantsi kwa bokhutlong jwa Seetebosigo/mo tshimologong ya Phukwi kgotsa kwa bokhutlong jwa Ngwanatsele/mo tshimologong ya Sedimonthole. Ka nako ya fa go dirwa moetlo oo, ngaka ya setso e e arang (ngcibi) e ntsha letlalo la bonna ka karo. Morago ga go segwa, nako ya go nna o le nosi e tsaya lobaka lwa kgwedi e le nngwe mme e kgaogantswe ka dikgato tse pedi mme seno ga se a tlwaelega mo metlheng ya segompieno le/kgotsa mo mafelong a ditoropo, koo gantsi e tsayang bobotlana dibeke di le 4. Mo malatsing a ntlha a le 7 ba ba tsenang ba tswalelwa mo ntlwaneng (bhoma) mme ba thibelwa go ja dijo dingwe, jaaka nama, mme seno se ka farologana ka gonne malapa mangwe le mangwe a na le ditumelo tsa one kana ditsela tsa one tsa go dira dilo.<ref name=":2">https://themercury.co.za/lifestyle/health/2025-12-29-supporting-autistic-boys-in-xhosa-initiation-navigating-cultural-traditions-with-care/</ref> Metsi le one a ka nna a thibelwa.[ Kgato eno e felela ka mokete wa ukojiswa, o mo go one dilo tse di ileditsweng mo dijong di gololwang, e leng se se supang go fetela mo kgatong ya bobedi e e tsayang dibeke tse dingwe tse pedi go ya go tse tharo. Ka nako ya dikgato tseno ba ba simololang ba tlhokomelwa ke ikhankatha (motlhokomedi wa setso). Nako eno ya go nna ba le bosi e fela fa basimane ba kgothalediwa gore ba tabogele kwa nokeng go ya go tlhapa, go ikaegile ka lefelo le ba leng kwa go lone. Ntlwana (Bhoma) le dithoto tsa ba ba tseneng mo go yone di a fisiwa, go akaretsa le diaparo tsa bone. Seno se tshwantshetsa tsela e ntšha ya kafa ntle e batho ba ba tsenang kereke ba tshwanetseng go nna ka yone. Tota e bile go tlwaelegile gore batho ba ba tsenang kereke ba apare ka tsela e e nang le seriti ka lobaka lo lo rileng morago ga moletlo. Motho mongwe le mongwe yo o tsenngwang o amogela kobo e ntšha mme jaanong o bidiwa "ikrwala" (mo bongweng) e e rayang monna yo mosha kgotsa amakrwala (bontsi - banna ba basha).<ref name=":3">https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/how-much-initiation-schools-can-charge-province/</ref> == Ditlwaelo Tsa go Feta le Dikarolo Tsa Ditlwaelo == Batho ba Ba-Xhosa ba kwa borwa jwa [[Aforika]] ba na le ngwao e e bidiwang Ulwaluko, e e rayang go simolola, e leng ngwao ya go fetisa e e supang go fetoga ga mosimane go nna monna kana mosetsana go nna mosadi (intonjane). E supa phetogo e kgolo, e tlisa maemo a loago le tlotlo, mme e fetola tsela e setšhaba se go lebang ka yone le e se go lebang ka yone. Morago ga moletlo, basimane ba bidiwa ubhuti, e le sesupo sa tlotlo le maemo a bone a masha, go bitsa monna ka leina la gagwe go tsewa e le selo se se sa letlelelwang thata fa ba sena go tsenngwa moletlo.<ref name=":4">https://www.sowetan.co.za/opinion/columnists/2025-12-05-opinion-promoting-alcohol-at-xhosa-initiation-ceremonies-an-affront/</ref> === Imbeleko === Imbeleko Ke moletlo o o dirwang ka bonako fela morago ga go tsholwa ga ngwana go mo itsise bagologolwane le go ba amogela mo lelapeng le mo setšhabeng.<ref name=":5">https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2024-01-18-kwagaba-initiation-school-a-family-s-answer-to-challenges-in-cultural-male-initiation/</ref> === Intonjane === Intonjane Ke moletlo wa setso wa go simolola wa basetsana, go tshwaya go tsena ga bone mo bosading. Basetsana ba ba iphitlhelang ba le mo bodutu le go kaelwa ka ditiro, maikarabelo le ditebello tsa setso tsa go nna mosadi.<ref name=":6">https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2026-06-30-circumcision-season-is-upon-us/</ref> === Ulwaluko === Ulwaluko Ke ngwaokobamelo ya motheo ya go simolola go nna monna, e e kayang "go fetoga" kana "go rupa". E supa phetogo ya inkwenkwe (mosimane) go nna indoda (monna). Mokgwa o o akaretsang wa ulwaluko o na le dikgato tse di farologaneng: ==== Ukungena ==== Kwa tshimologong, go rupisiwa go dirwa mo mosong kwa kraal (lefelo le le dikologileng legae) ke ingcibi (ngaka e e arang ya setso). Bagolwane le banna ba ba godileng ba tsamaya le motho yo o simololang, yo o bidiwang umkhewtha, go ya kwa lefelong le le kwa thoko la ibhoma kgotsa bhoma e leng mokhukhwana wa setso o o kgolokwe o gantsi o leng mo sekgweng gaufi le dithaba kgotsa mo lefelong lengwe le le kwa kgakala, kwa a tla fetsang nako ya go nna a le nosi teng a le kgakala le batho ba ba mo tikologong.<ref name=":7">https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2026-03-20/how-these-secretive-traditional-circumcision-rites-are-responsible-for-dozens-of-deaths</ref> ==== Go Nna o le Nosi Kwa Iboma ==== Ka tlwaelo e tsaya dibeke di le pedi go ya go di le tharo (e khutshwane gompieno ka ntlha ya go tsena sekolo le go dira tiro e e rileng, le fa gone ka dinako tse dingwe go dirwa jalo kgwedi yotlhe), moitlami o nna a le nosi. Mo nakong eno, o amogela dithuto go tswa go bagolo le batlhokomedi ba ba tlhophilweng ba ba bidiwang ikhankatha ka ga maikarabelo a setso, maitsholo a setšhaba, bokgoni jwa go falola, le bokao jwa bonna mo setšhabeng sa Ba-Xhosa. Motho yo o tsenang mo thutong eno o apola diaparo tsa gagwe tsa bogologolo a bo a apara diaparo tse di kgethegileng tsa setso tse di tshwantshetsang botho jwa gagwe jo bosha. Mo ditšhabeng tse dingwe, o tshwara thobane e e tshwantshetsang go gola, go nna mogolo le go nna le taolo. Ka nako ya moletlo oo, ba ne ba ipeola ditlhogo ba bo ba tlhapa gore ba nne phepa e le letshwao la gore ba fetogile go tswa mo mosimaneng go nna monna.<ref name=":8">https://www.ecr.co.za/lifestyle/family/circumcision-registered-initiation-school-in-kzn/</ref> ==== Ukosiswa ==== Beke eno ke ya ntlha mo Ibhoma. Mo nakong eno, ba ba simololang go tsena mo bodumeding jono ba tshwanetse go ja fela mmidi o o omileng le go nwa metsi a a tswakilweng le molora. Bontsi jwa dilo tse dingwe tse di lapolosang di a kgaolwa, dijo di lekanyeditswe mo dilong tse pedi tseno, mme motsamao o lekanyeditswe mo teng ga ibhoma fela, ga ba kgone go tswa kgotsa go kgarakgatshega. Mokgwa ono o fokoditswe ka ntlha ya tsereganyo ya segompieno go tswa Lefapheng la Boitekanelo (DoH) mo [[Aforika Borwa]]. Gone jaanong, ukosiswa gantsi e tsaya malatsi a le mararo kgotsa kwa tlase ga moo, mme mo mafelong mangwe tlwaelo eno e e kileng ya bo e tlwaelegile ga e tlhole e dirwa gotlhelele, ka gore ba ba simololang go tsena mo bodumeding ba ja dijo tse di tshwanang le tse ba neng ba di ja kwa gae. Morago ga lobaka lono, ba ka kgona go tsamaya ka kgololesego mo sekgweng le mo dithabeng, fa fela ba sa itshupe mo setšhabeng kana mo basading, ka gonne seo se tsewa e le selo se se tlhabisang ditlhong thata mo lelapeng.<ref name=":9">https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/crl-commission-probes-ntando-ngozos-initiation-school-disappearance/</ref> ==== Ukuphuma ==== Fa a fetsa nako ya go nna a le nosi, moitshwaredi o tswa mo ibhoma mme a tabogela kwa nokeng e e fa gaufi go ya go tlhapa, a itlhwekisa mo mmeleng le mo moweng, go tshwantshetsa go tsalwa sesha le go amogelwa ka botlalo jaaka monna ke setšhaba, mo mabakeng mangwe banna ba bagolo ba a mo leleka fa a tabogela kwa nokeng e le tsela ya go mo kgothatsa. O boa kwa sekgweng a apesitswe kobo (irhagi) e gantsi e bipang sefatlhego le tlhogo go ya kwa dinaong. Bangwe ba tshola dithobane tse di tswang ka phatlha e nnye gaufi le sefatlhego.<ref name=":10">https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/initiation-schools-that-refused-doctors-access-must-be-investigated/</ref> ==== Umgidi ==== Moletlo o o botlhokwa o o tshwarwang fa motho yo o tseneng mo thutong a boela gae fa a sena go tswa mo thutong. Lelapa le morafe o mogolo ba tlhaba nku kgotsa kgomo go mo tlotla, ba ntsha dimpho (ukusoka) le go tlotla banna ba ba sa tswang go simolola (amakrwala, bontsi jwa ikrwala). Moletlo ono wa setšhaba o gatelela kamogelo e e itumedisang le maemo a masha a loago, le go nna le seabe. Le fa e na le botlhokwa jwa setso, go botlhokwa go lemoga gore umgidi ga se karolo e e tlhokegang ya ngwao, go tsena fela (ukungena) go tsewa e le tshimologo, mo go ba bangwe umgidi e ka nna kgang ya madi. ==== Ukusoka ==== Mokete wa morago ga go tsenngwa mo tirong o gantsi o tlang morago ga umgidi, o o akaretsang go abelana dimpho ka tsela ya tshwantshetso le go tlhomamisa phatlalatsa gore motho yo o tsenngwang mo tirong ke monna. Kgato eno e akaretsa go apara diaparo tsa setso le go nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa loago tse di nonotshang phetogo. ==== Go fisa Iboma ==== Ka letsatsi la umgidi kgotsa ka bonako fela morago ga foo, ibhoma le dilwana tsa go tsenngwa mo bodumeding - go akaretsa le diaparo tsa bogologolo tsa motho yo o tsenngwang mo bodumeding tse a di latlhileng ka nako ya fa a ne a le nosi - di a fisiwa. Mokete ono o dira gore motho yo o tsenang a fetoge mme ka tsela ya semoya o tswala kgaolo ya go nna a le nosi Lereo umphumo ka dinako tse dingwe le kaya moletlo wa go boela gae o o tshwanang le ukuphuma le umgidi, o o supang go boa ga motho yo o tseneng mo setšhabeng e le monna yo o itsegeng Maina a ditso, kgotsa ISIDUKO, a fetisetswa kwa go ba bangwe ka molomo, ke a botlhokwa thata mo bothong jwa Ba-Xhosa le mo dikamanong tsa bone le ba bangwe. Go itse isiduko ya motho go botlhokwa thata mo go nneng le setso le go nna seoposengwe. === Botlhokwa Jwa Setso le Kganetsano === Ulwaluko e sa ntse e le moetlo o o boitshepo thata e bile e le wa sephiri, o o direlwang fela batho ba ba tsenang kereke le banna ba ba godileng. Gantsi metswedi ya tshedimosetso kgotsa batho ba bua thata ka meetlo eno mme seno se ka dira gore batho ba se ka ba dumalana le yone.<ref>https://www.citizen.co.za/african-reporter/news-headlines/local-news/2026/07/08/ndebele-educator-highlights-initiation-schools-as-a-journey-to-responsible-manhood/</ref> Mokgwa wa ulwaluko o akaretsa go kgabisa mmele ka tsela ya setso jaaka go penta mmele ka letsopa (umhlonyane kgotsa ochre e tshweu) mme o felela ka go fisiwa ga ibhoma, e e tshwantshetsang go itshekisiwa le go tsalwa sesha. Mekgwa eno e akaretsa go fetisetsa botho jwa motho, maikarabelo le ditiro tsa setšhaba go tswa mo bagolong go ya kwa dikokomaneng tse dinnye.<ref name=":11">https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/hlabisa-urges-collaboration-initiation-death-toll-rises</ref> Ditshwayotshwayo tsa Bophirima gantsi di itlhokomolosa maemo a setso le mekgwa e e tlhabologang ya tshireletso e e amogelwang ke ditšhaba tsa Ba-Xhosa, ba bontsi jwa bone ba femelang ditso tseno ka thata jaaka tse di botlhokwa mo go bolokeng setso.<ref>https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/sa-mens-forums-calls-for-stricter-regulation-of-initiation-schools/</ref> === Melao le Ditshiamelo tse dingwe tse di Amanang === Gantsi moletlo wa Imikhwetha o tsamaisana le meletlo ya setšhaba yotlhe e e akaretsang go bina ga setso, go opela le mekete. Ditlwaelo tsa morago ga go belega di akaretsa go ima le go fitlha placenta le thapo ya popelo gaufi le legae, dingwao tse di tlhalosiwang ka botlalo mo ditumedisong tse di jaaka Inkaba yakho iphi? ( Nabo ya gago e kae?), e e senolang gore motho o tswa kae, ke wa lotso lofe le gore o na le maemo afe mo setšhabeng.<ref name=":12">https://www.trtafrika.com/english/article/0b1fada2da80</ref> == Go tshwenyega ka botsogo == Fa e sa le ka 1995, bobotlana batho ba le 969 ba ba tseneng mo moketeng ono ba ile ba swa ka ntlha ya mathata a a bakilweng ke mokete ono. Dipalopalo tse di nepagetseng ga di teng ka palo ya go kgaolwa ga penile, mme go fopholediwa gore palo ya bone e batla e le gabedi go feta palo ya dintsho. Bontsi jwa dintsho le mathata ke ditlamorago tsa go tlhoka bokgoni ga dingaka tsa setso. Leno ke lebaka la go bo segolobogolo Pondoland e amiwa thata ke dintsho le mathata. Ba Mpondo ba ne ba dira ngwao eno go fitlha Kgosi Faku a e thibela ka dingwaga tsa bo1820 morago ga gore a latlhegelwe ke barwa ba gagwe ba le mmalwa ka ntlha ya mathata. Dikolo tsa go simolola di ne tsa boa tsa tlhaga gape ka bo1980 le bo1990, mme ngwao eno jaanong e dirwa ka selekanyo se segolo. Ka Ferikgong 2014, [[Desmond Tutu]] o ne a rotloetsa baeteledipele ba setso le puso go tsereganya, le "go dirisa bokgoni jwa dingaka tse di nang le bokgoni go tokafatsa mekgwa ya rona ya setso ya go rupisa". Mo godimo ga moo o ne a gatelela botlhokwa jwa ngwao ya setso jaaka setheo sa thuto, go baakanyetsa ba ba simololang "go nna le seabe mo go ageng setšhaba se se botoka sa botlhe.<ref name=":11" /> Mo selemong sa 2019 mo [[Aforika Borwa]], palogotlhe ya basimane ba le 21 ba ne ba tlhokafala mo dikolong tse di farologaneng tsa go simolola mo kgaolong eo yotlhe. Bontsi jwa dintsho tseno di ne di bakwa ke go felelwa ke metsi mo mmeleng ka ntlha ya go bo go ne go se na metsi a a lekaneng. Tona ya Boitekanelo, Zweli Mkhize, o ne a akantsha gore dikolo di se ka tsa tlhola di dirisa ngwao eno ka dikgwedi tsa selemo.<ref name=":11" /> André van der Merwe o ara monna wa dingwaga di le 21 yo o neng a nna le mathata ka ntlha ya meetlo ya go tsenngwa mo dikolong tse e seng tsa semolao. Ka 21 Moranang 2017 go ne ga dirwa karo ya bobedi ya go tsenya monna wa bobedi mo monneng ka dingaka tse di eteletsweng pele ke Dr. van der Merwe mo monneng wa dingwaga tse 40 yo o neng a latlhegetswe ke monna wa gagwe dingwaga tse 17 pele ga karo eo. Dingaka di ile tsa bolela gore ka ntlha ya maemo a a amanang le dikolo tse di seng kafa molaong tsa go rupisa, [[Aforika Borwa]] e fetogile nngwe ya dinaga tse di tlhokang thata go tsenngwa dirwe tsa tsalo tsa dirwe tsa bonna.<ref name=":8" /> === Go Tsenelela mo Kgannyeng ya Polokesego === Go ile ga begwa ka metlha gore go na le basimane ba ba swang ka nako ya meletlo ya go rupisiwa e e tlwaelegileng ya go rupisiwa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], mme ngwaga le ngwaga basimane ba swa kwa dikolong tse di seng kafa molaong. Mokgwa ono gape o ile wa amanngwa le kotsi ya go tshwaediwa ke [[HIV/AIDS|HIV]] ka go abelana didirisiwa tse di sa tsenngwang dibolayamegare le batho ba bangwe.<ref name=":8" /> Jaanong netefatso ya dingwaga tsa semolao e a patelesega pele ga go simololwa, gantsi e baya dingwaga tse di kwa tlase go 16 kgotsa 18 mme tumelelo ya motsadi kgotsa motlhokomedi e a tlhokega mo baneng ba ba sa leng babotlana. Ditlhatlhobo tsa bongaka pele ga go rupisiwa go netefatsa gore ba ba tsenngwang ba itekanetse mo go lekaneng gore ba ka dirwa jalo, fa dingaka tsa setso tsa karo (ingcibi) le dikolo tsa go rupisiwa di tshwanetse go kwadisiwa le go bewa leitlho go netefatsa gore go latelwa melao ya pabalesego. Ba ba tsenngwang ba patelesega go nwa metsi ka metlha fa ba le kwa thoko, kgato e e tsentsweng go thibela komelelo e e kotsi e e neng e dirisiwa pele mo ditsong tse dingwe, mme go dirisiwa ga didirisiwa tsa go sega tse di senang dibolayamegare go rotloediwa thata go thibela go fetisiwa ga [[HIV/AIDS]], tetanus, le malwetse a mangwe.<ref name=":7" /> Molao wa Tlwaelo ya go Simolola Ngwao (2021) o dira gore go nne le ngwao ya setso fa o ntse o tlhomamisa gore melao ya boitekanelo le ditshwanelo tsa batho di a sirelediwa. Molao ono o laela gore go latelwe melao e e rileng ya go simolola tiro.<ref name=":6" /> == Tharaso == Banna ba basodoma mo [[Aforika Borwa]] ba sa ntse ba kgobiwa le go tshwaiwa diphoso ke batho ba ba tshelang le bone. Mokgwa wa ngwao wa Ulwaluko ke mokgwa wa setso o o tlotlegang thata le o o boitshepo mo bathong ba Ba-Xhosa le bangwe ba ba buang Se-Nguni ba [[Aforika Borwa]]. Go ile ga bolelwa gore tsela e mokgwa ono o amang motho ka yone e ka nna ya dira gore lekawana lengwe le le ratang batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang le jwa lone le se ka la itlotla, le fa gone go sa patelesege gore motho ope a nne le seabe mo go one. Banna bangwe ba basodoma ba ba neng ba nna le seabe mo ngwaong eno ba ne ba bolela gore ba ne ba dira jalo gore ba tle ba amogelwe jaaka banna ba setso sa bone. Go ka bolelwa se se tshwanang ka banna ba ba sa rupisiwang ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo le banna ba bangwe. Mabaka a mangwe a go nna le seabe mo Ulwaluko a akaretsa go kgotsofatsa keletso ya go fitlhelela ditebello tsa setšhaba mmogo le kgatelelo go tswa mo lelapeng go sokologela go bong bo sele ka thulaganyo ya Ulwaluko.<ref name=":5" /> Filimi ya The Wound e ne ya tlhagisiwa kwa Sundance Film Festival ka 2017 mme e tlhotlheleditswe ke padi ya ga Thando Mgqolozana A Man Who is Not a Man e e buang thata ka maitemogelo a banna ba basodoma ka nako ya Ulwaluko. Baeteledipele ba setso ba Ba-Xhosa ba ne ba tshwaya filimi phoso ka go re ke "go tlhoka tlotlo" le "go nyatsa setso sa Ba-Xhosa" ka gore e ne e bontsha dingwao tse di fitlhegileng. Filimi e e ile ya tshwantshanngwa le Oscar e e fentseng Moonlight. Tiriso ya Ulwaluko gape e laolwa ke dikarolo di le mmalwa tsa molao go rotloetsa pabalesego le tshireletso ya ba ba sa leng bannye ba ba tseneng mo dikolong tse di seng ka fa molaong tse di tseneng mo dikolong tse di seng ka fa molaong; melao eno e akaretsa Molaotheo wa [[Aforika Borwa]] (1996), Molao wa Bana (2005), Molao wa ([[Eastern Cape]]) wa Tiriso ya Maemo a Boitekanelo mo Molaong wa go Rupa wa Setso (2001), le Molao wa Baitseanape ba Boitekanelo ba Setso (2004).<ref name=":4" /> == Tsela e batho ba lebang dilo ka yone gompieno == Tlwaelo ya bogologolo ya Ulwaluko e santse e tsewa e le maleba ke banna ba bašwa ba Ba-Xhosa, le batho ba Ba-Xhosa. [Mdedetyana, 2019] Ke mokgwa o o boitshepo o o direlwang lelapa. Batho ba le bantsi ba rata ngwao eno e bile ba e tsaya e le botlhokwa thata mo setsong sa bone. Go rupisiwa ga banna go ka dirwa kwa bookelong/kliniking, le fa go ntse jalo, tlhopho eno ga e a emisetsa Ulwaluko ka gonne ga e tshwane le bokao jwa setso sa Ulwaluko go feta go ntsha letlalo la bonna. Mdedetyana, 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Ditirelo di le mmalwa di a diragala pele ga motho yo monnye a 'tsena' mo balelapa ba phuthegang go batla masego le go bona mosimane a tsamaya. Basimane ba babotlana ba itsisiwe bagologolwane ba bone le 'uQamata', ba rutiwa ka hisetori ya bone, ba rutiwa go nna le boikgapo, go nna banna ba ba nang le malapa le go nna basha ba ba nang le maikarabelo ba ba nang le seabe se se siameng mo setšhabeng. Ga go na tlhakanelodikobo gotlhelele (kana ga e a tshwanela go nna teng) mo sekgweng, e ka tswa e le ya batho ba bong bo sele kana nnyaa, ka gonne se tsewa e le lefelo le le boitshepo le le babalesegileng mo baneng (jaaka sekolo sa Sontaga). Basadi le basetsana ga ba a letlelelwa, le fa mo malapeng mangwe le bana ba bannye ba ka letlelelwa go etelwa ka gore bana ba bannye ba a tlotliwa e bile ba emela bophepa le go tlhoka molato. Ka jalo, ga go tsewe tsia go le kalo gore motho ke wa bong bofe, ka gonne ene ka boene e sa ntse e le mosimane, ka jalo go tlhoka molato ga gagwe ga go kgaolwe fa a segwa mme go supa (inxeba) phetogo e e botlhoko go tswa go mosimane go ya go monna. Ga a 'dirwe' go nna monna yo o nnang mo 'sekgweng.'<ref name=":2" /> == Dikganetsano == Dintlha tsa ngwao ga di a tshwanela go senolelwa basadi kgotsa banna ba ba sa tsenngwang, go ya ka molawana wa 'se se diragalang mo thabeng, se nna mo thabeng', go ya ka metswedi mengwe. Kgethololo ya setso e ka nna kgolo thata mo e leng gore banna ba ba sa rupisiwang kgotsa ba ba rupisitsweng 'go sa tshwanela' ba a tlhaselwa le go itewa ka ntlha ya go sa tsamaelane ga bone, ga go a totobala gore go tsamaelana le eng kgotsa kgokagano le tlwaelo ya nakwana ka boyona. Ka Mopitlwe 2014 lekawana lengwe le ne la tlhaselwa morago ga gore a bue kwa pokanong ya setšhaba ka mathata a a neng a nna le one ka ntlha ya ngwao eno.<ref name=":1" /> Dingaka tsa Ba-Dutch Dingeman J. Rijken o ne a alafa balwetse ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba na le mathata a kalafi a a bakilweng ke Ulwaluko. Ka Ferikgong 2014 o ne a tlhoma webosaete go "itsise ba ba ka nnang ba tsenngwa le setšhaba ka bophara ka ga diphiri tse di lefifi tsa moetlo". Web site eno e na le tshedimosetso e e tseneletseng ka mathata a botsogo a a amanang le ngwao eno e bile e na le tharabololo e e ka dirisiwang go fokotsa dikotsi tseno. Gape e na le ditshwantsho tse di fetang 150 tsa dirwe tsa tlhakanelodikobo tse di gobaditsweng ka ntlha ya go rupisiwa ka tsela e e sa tshwanelang, tse di neng tsa nna le mathata a a akaretsang go tshwaediwa ke megare, go ruruga le go kgaolwa dirwe tsa tlhakanelodikobo.<ref name=":11" /> Ditshwantsho tseno, tse di tserweng ke Dr. Rijken le batlamedi ba bangwe ba tsa kalafi, di ne tsa gatisiwa ka tumelelo ya molwetse. Go phasaladiwa ga dinepe tse go ne ga tsosa kgalefo mo baeteledipeleng ba setso ba Kapa Botlhaba. Ba ne ba kopa gore South African Film and Publication Board (FSB) e tswale webosaete, le fa gone FSB e ne e se ene a nang le maikarabelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, Boto e ne ya swetsa ka gore website eno e ne e le ya "saense e e nang le mosola o mogolo wa go ruta", e bua ka "bothata jwa setšhaba jo bo tlhokang go rarabololwa ka bonako".<ref name=":12" /> == Dilo Tse di Tshwanang le Tsone mo Ditsong Tse Dingwe Bosodoma == Fela jaaka Ulwaluko, go rupisiwa go dirwa mo ditsong di le dintsi mo lefatsheng lotlhe e le mokgwa wa go fetisa motho kana wa bodumedi. Mo ditumelong tsa ga Aberahame - tse di akaretsang Bojuda, Boiselamo le tumelo ya Ba-Druze go rupa go botlhokwa thata mo setsong le mo bodumeding. Bajuta ba dira brit milah ka letsatsi la borobedi morago ga go belegwa, go tshwantshetsa kgolagano magareng ga Modimo le Aborahame. Mo Boiselamong, go rupa gantsi go dirwa fa motho a sa ntse a le ngwana go bontsha gore o na le tumelo e bile o phepa.<ref name=":9" /> Mo bathong ba Ba-Druze, go rupa go dirwa jaaka ngwao ya setso go na le go nna boikarabelo jo bo gagametseng jwa bodumedi. [ Setšhaba sa Lemba sa [[Aforika Borwa]] le [[Zimbabwe]], ba ba ipolelang gore ba tswa mo merafeng ya bogologolo ya Bajuta mme ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwa "setšhaba se se latlhegileng sa Iseraele", le bone ba dira thupiso jaaka karolo ya bodumedi jwa bone. Mo godimo ga moo, ditlhopha tse di farologaneng tsa [[Aforika]] Botlhaba jaaka Masai wa [[Kenya]] le [[Tanzania]] ba dirisa thupiso go tshwaya phetogo go tswa mo bongwaneng go ya mo bongwaneng go tshwana le Ulwaluko.<ref name=":10" /> == Bona gape == * Lebollo la banna * Intonjane == Metswedi == sxgbuxy96mp0j65kixpfblg0096i1yv 0 15257 55602 2026-09-24T20:36:53Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e 55602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area|name=Minnaar's Cave|map_caption=Location in Gauteng|coordinates={{coord|25|59|24|S|27|46|23|E|display=inline, title}}|location=[[Gauteng]], South Africa|nearest_city=[[Krugersdorp]]|area={{convert|8592|m2|acre|abbr=on}}|established=1999, World Heritage Site<br />November 2004, National Heritage Site|governing_body=Cradle of Humankind|elevation={{convert|1540|m|ft|abbr=on}}}} '''Logaga lwa Minnaar''', kgotsa '''Minnaar''' fela, ke lefelo la paleontological le le mo [[Lefelong la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe]] la [[Mogope wa tlholego ya motho (Cradle of Humankind)|Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]], kwa kgaolong ya [[Gauteng|Gauteng,]] [[Aforika Borwa]]. E latlhegile morago ga go ribololwa ga yone ka dingwaga tsa bo 1930, lefelo la yone le ne la bonwa gape ka 2009. E itsege ka ditlhogo tsa yone tsa [[Phokoje|bophokoje]] tse di bolokilweng sentle, tsa nako ya [[Plio-Pleistocene]] bonnye dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi tse di fetileng. == Thutafatshe == Legaga la ga Minnaar le fitlhelwa mo e ka nnang 1 km (0.62 mi) kwa bokone-bokonebotlhaba jwa Sterkfontein le 3 km (1.9 mi) go tswa kwa Kromdraai, mafelo a boepi jwa dilo tsa bogologolo le one mo Cradle of Humankind. E akaretsa lefelo la 8,592 m2 (diheketara di le 2.123), mme seno se dira gore e nne lefelo le lennye go gaisa le le itsegeng mo Cradle of Humankind. E bapilwe kwa borwa ke Noka ya Blaauwbank.<ref name=":1">South African Heritage Resources Agency (2008). [https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/heritagereports/Updated%20Fossil%20Site%20Management%20Plan%20for%20Minnaars%20Site.pdf "Updated Fossil Site Management Plan for Minnaar's Site, 2009-2013"] (PDF). ''South African Heritage Resources Agency''. Gauteng Provincial Government. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bone, 2026.</ref> Lefelo leno le tlhomilwe ka nako ya [[Plio-Pleistocene]], e e ka nnang 2 Ma.<ref name=":2">Thackeray, John Francis (2016). [https://journals.openedition.org/primatologie/2708 "A History of Research on Human Evolution in South Africa from 1924 to 2016"]. ''Revue de primatologie''. '''7''' (1). [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4000/primatologie.2708|10.4000/primatologie.2708]]. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bone, 2026.</ref> == Ditso == Lefelo la logaga la Minnaar le ne la dirisiwa la ntlha jaaka moepo wa [[kalaka]] mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bomasome mabedi la dingwaga. Onto e e fisang kalaka ya motlha ono e sa ntse e le mo lefelong leno. Gape go na le lebitla la dingwaga tsa bo 1920 le le sa amaneng le moepo.<ref name=":1" /> Moithuta-ditshedi tsa bogologolo [[Robert Broom]] o ne a tlhotlhomisa Logaga lwa Minnaar la ntlha nako nngwe fa gare ga 1936 le 1939 ka nako ya maeto a gagwe go ya kwa kgaolong ya [[Transvaal]] go batla masalela a di-[[hominid]], fela Broom o ne a kwala fela lefelo la lone jaaka "logaga lo lo ka nnang mile go tswa kwa [[Sterkfontein]]".<ref name=":3">Gommery, D.; Badenhorst, S.; Sénégas, F.; Potze, S.; Kgasi, L. (2012). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259779061 "Minnaar's Cave: a Plio-Pleistocene site in the Cradle of Humankind, South Africa: its history, location, and fauna"]. ''Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History''. '''2''' (1): 19–31. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bone, 2026.</ref> Broom o ne a bona disampole di le lekgolo, masome a mane le boferaboedi go tswa kwa Logageng lwa Minnaar, go akaretsa le legata la ''[[Thos antiquus]]'' (phokoje) le le sa tlholeng le le mo masaleleng, le le ithutilweng thata ke baithuta-dilo tsa bogologolo jaaka sekai sa mofuta wa mofuta ono, le fa go sena kitso e e tlhomameng ya tshimologo ya lone tota. Babatlisisi ba ne ba leka go ribolola lefelo leno gape makgetlho a le mantsi mo masomeng a dingwaga a a latelang, mme ditlhaloso tse di sa tlhamalalang le dintlha tsa tshimo di ne tsa baka tlhakatlhakano. Dipego tse di farologaneng di ne tsa baya Logaga lwa Minnaar ka go farologana kwa bokone, kwa bophirima le kwa botlhaba jwa Sterkfontein. Go ne ga akanngwa gore Logaga lwa Minnaar tota e ne e le lefelo le lengwe le le bidiwang Hadeco, fela seno se ne sa kgaphelwa thoko ka gonne Hadeco e ne e le kgakala thata le Sterkfontein.<ref name=":3" /> Ka Phatwe 2009, setlhopha go tswa kwa [[Motobong wa Bosetšhaba wa Ditso tsa Tlhago wa Ditsong]] kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]] se ne sa sekaseka lefelo le le mo lefelong le le ikemetseng le le neng le tsamaisana le ditlhaloso tsa Minnaar tse di neng tsa neelwa ke Broom le babatlisisi ba moragonyana.; e ne e le kwa bokone fela jwa Sterkfontein mme ya ntsha masalela a a tshwanang le a a kwadilweng mo lenaaneng ka dingwaga tsa bo 1930. Tshekatsheko ya disampole tse di tserweng mo lefelong leno e ne ya tlhomamisa gore ruri seno e ne e le Logaga lwa Minnaar lo lo latlhegileng.<ref name=":3" /> Bontsi jwa disampole go tswa kwa Minnaar di bolokilwe kwa Motlobong wa Bosetšhaba wa Ditso tsa Tlhago wa Ditsong.<ref name=":3" /> == Mefuta == Bontsi jwa disampole tse di bonweng kwa Logageng lwa Minnaar di sa ntse di tshwanetse go ntshiwa mo matrices tsa tsone tsa breccial; le fa go ntse jalo, bontsi jwa masalela ke a di-[[canid]], di-[[primate]], di-[[bovid]], di-[[equus]] le [[diphologolo tse dinnye]] go tswa mo motlheng wa [[Plio-Pleistocene]]. Tse di tlhomologileng thata mo go tseno ke tlhogo ya phokoje ya ''[[Thos antiquus]]'' le ''[[Canis mesomelas]]''. Mefuta e mengwe e e fitlhelwang mo dikokoanyong tsa Logaga lwa Minnaar e akaretsa ''[[Chasmaporthetes silberbergi]]'' (diphiri); ''[[Papio angusticeps]]'', mofuta o o sa tlholeng o le teng wa tshwene; Di-[[alcelaphinae]], gongwe [[Tshepe|ditshephe]]; mefuta e le mmalwa ya mofuta wa dipitse wa ''Equus'', segolobogolo [[pitse ya Kapa]] e e sa tlholeng e le teng;<ref name=":3" /> le ''[[Dinofelis barlowi]]'', katse e e nang le meno a tšhaka.<ref name=":2" /> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Dikgaga mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a Gauteng]] [[Karolo:Mmasepala wa toropo ya Mogale]] [[Karolo:Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]] cq1u579qsvekkjwwfxmw6sdebpfwbkw 0 15258 55605 2026-09-25T03:58:43Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e 55605 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:DNH7.jpg|thumb|Legata la DNH 7 ''Paranthropus robustus'' go tswa kwa DMQ, legata le le feletseng go gaisa la mofuta ono le le kileng la ribololwa le sekai se se sa tlwaelesegang sa namagadi.]] Thulaganyo ya Palaeocave ya '''Drimolen''' e na le motseletsele wa dikhutlo tsa [[Pliocene]] go ya go [[Pleistocene]] ya ntlha tse di nang le di-[[hominin]]<ref>Hancox, Phillip J.; Schoville, Benjamin J.; Strait, David S.; Ritzman, Terrence; Paul, Bence; Green, Helen E.; Hellstrom, John C.; Woodhead, Jon D.; Herries, Andy I. R. (21 November 2018). [https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6510&context=kip_articles "U–Pb-dated flowstones restrict South African early hominin record to dry climate phases"]. ''Nature''. '''565''' (7738): 226–229. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Natur.565..226P 2019Natur.565..226P]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0711-0|10.1038/s41586-018-0711-0]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687 1476-4687]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30464348 30464348]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53713996 53713996].</ref> tse di leng dikilometara di ka nna masome mane kwa bokone jwa [[Johannesburg]], [[Aforika Borwa]], le dikilometara di ka nna thataro kwa bokone jwa [[Sterkfontein]] kwa [[Lefelong la Boswa jwa lefatshe]] la [[Mogope wa tlholego ya motho (Cradle of Humankind)|Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]].<ref>Herries, Andy I.R.; Murszewski, Ashleigh; Pickering, Robyn; Mallett, Tom; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Armstrong, Brian; Adams, Justin W.; Baker, Stephanie; Blackwood, Alex F.; Penzo-Kajewski, Paul; Kappen, Peter; Leece, AB; Martin, Jesse; Rovinsky, Douglass; Boschian, Giovanni (2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.01.001|"Geoarchaeological and 3D visualisation approaches for contextualising in-situ fossil bearing palaeokarst in South Africa: A case study from the ≈2.61 Ma Drimolen Makondo"]]. ''Quaternary International''. '''483''': 90–110. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018QuInt.483...90H 2018QuInt.483...90H]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.01.001|10.1016/j.quaint.2018.01.001]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1040-6182 1040-6182]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:134682846 134682846].</ref> == Ditso tsa Patlisiso == Ka tlwaelo go tsewa gore lefelo leno le ribolotswe ka la bo 9 Phukwi 1992 ke Andre Keyser, le fa go ntse jalo Murray Obbes, yo o neng a dira patlisiso ya tshimo jaaka karolo ya diporojeke tsa gagwe tsa masters kwa Yunibesithing ya Rand Afrikaans (e jaanong e leng Yunibesithi ya Johannesburg) o bolela fa a bone lefelo leno mme a le bontsha Key le masaledi a masaledi. Ka tsele epe fela Andre Keyser o ne a laola go epa mo lefelong leno go fitlha a tlhokafala ka 2010. Ka di 21 Diphalane 1994, Keyser o ne a ribolola legata la DNH 7 (Eurydice), e leng legata le le feletseng go gaisa le le fitlhetsweng la Paranthropus robustus.[3] Gape e tsewa jaaka legata le le sa tlwaelegang la mosadi la P. robustus. DNH 8, lerapo la monna le le bidiwang "Orpheus" le lone le ne la ribololwa ka nako e le nngwe le go bapa le DNH 7.[3] Colin Menter o ne a kaela dipatlisiso le go epa mo lefelong leno go tloga ka 2010 go fitlha ka 2016.[2] Dipatlisiso mo lefelong leno di ne tsa dirwa ke bathusi ba setegeniki mo dingwageng tsa ntlha le ke dikolo di le mmalwa tsa tshimo mo dingwageng tsa bofelo. Tseno di akaretsa Yunibesithi ya Florence, kwa Italy (2006–2012), Yunibesithi ya Victoria, kwa Canada (2011, 2012, 2014), le Yunibesithi ya La Trobe, kwa Australia (2013–gompieno). Tetla le go epa mo lefelong leno di ne tsa tsewa ke Stephanie Baker wa Setheo sa Patlisiso sa Palaeo sa Yunibesithi ya Johannesburg ka 2017 ka tirisanommogo le Mop Andy I.R. Herries wa Yunibesithi ya La Trobe (& Yunibesithi ya Johannesburg) jaaka karolo ya Porojeke ya Thibololo ya Lekgotla la Patlisiso la Australia (2017–21). Seno gape se akaretsa tirisanommogo le David Strait wa Yunibesithi ya Washington kwa St Louis, yo o tsamaisang sekolo sa tshimo se se kwa US kwa Drimolen ka Seetebosigo mongwe le mongwe,[4] mmogo le babatlisisi go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa, Australia, US le Italy. == Gwari e Kgolo ya Drimolen (DMQ) == Masalela otlhe a batho a bonwe go tswa kwa lefelong la bogologolo la lefelo le le bidiwang Quarry e Kgolo ya Drimolen (DMQ), mme a akaretsa masalela a Paranthropus robustus, Homo ya pele le Homo erectus [5][6] Ka 2015 karolo ya tlhogo (DNH 134) ya Homo erectus e ne ya ribololwa ke moithuti wa Sekolo sa Thutamarope sa Yunibesithi ya La Trobe e bong Richard Curtis.[6] Legogo le emela motho yo o neng a le dingwaga di ka nna 2–3 mme le na le bokgoni jwa legogo jo bo agilweng sešwa jwa 484 go ya go 593 cm3,[6] jo bo dirang gore le nne le lennye go le gonnye fela go feta legogo le le tshitshintsweng la mosadi yo o godileng wa Homo erectus (≈598 cm3) DAN5/P1 go tswa kwa Gona kwa Ethio[7]o. Lerapo la tlhogo le biditswe "Simon" ka leina la mongwe wa setlhopha sa baepi ba Drimolen, Simon Mokobane, yo o tlhokafetseng ka 2018. Ka Letsatsi la Borre la Aforika Borwa (17 Seetebosigo) 2018 karolo ya tlhogo (DNH 155) ya Paranthropus robustus e ribolotswe ke moithuti wa sekolo sa tshimo Samantha Good. Cranium ke ya monna yo o godileng mme ke cranium ya monna e e feletseng go gaisa mo mefuteng e e ribolotsweng. Cranium e ne ya gatisiwa ka 2020 mme go ne ga ngangisanwa ka gore e emela karolo ya pele ya losika lwa P. robustus fa e bapisiwa le masaledi a mannye go tswa kwa Masaleleng a a Lepeletseng a Tokololo 1 ya Swartkrans a a gaufi, ka jalo e kwala thutotlhagelelo e nnye mo teng ga P. robustus [8] . DMQ e tlhomilwe go nna magareng ga ≈2.04 le 1.95 Ma go ikaegilwe ka motswako wa yuraniamo-lloto (U-Pb), go utlwala ga dieleketerone tsa motseletsele wa yuraniamo (US-ESR) le makenete ya bogologolo.[6] Dipeeletso tsa DMQ di rekota phetogo ya geomagnetic go tswa mo polarity e e boelang morago go ya kwa go e e tlwaelegileng. Go ikaegilwe ka nako ya U-Pb (1.962 ± 0.107 Ma) ya letlapa la go elela la polarity e e magareng (Leje la Elela la Mabota a Jericho) le le bopilweng mo gare ga phetogo e e ile ya lebisiwa mo phetogong kwa botlaseng jwa Olduvai SubChron ka ≈1.95 Ma. Letlha la US-ESR la 1.965 ± 0.147 Ma fela ka fa tlase ga letlapa la kelelo le netefatsa gape dingwaga tse. Dingwaga tse dingwe tsa US-ESR tsa 2.041 ± 0.240 Ma ka boteng jo bo tshwanang le jwa tlhogo ya DNH 134 H. erectus e supa gore e simolotse magareng ga ≈2.04 le 1.95 Ma, go e dira sekai sa bogologolo sa Homo erectus. Ditlhogo tsa DNH 155 le 152 di tswa kwa godimo ga dimitara di le mmalwa go feta DNH 134 mme di na le dingwaga tse di tshwanang.[6][8] DMQ gape e ntshitse dingwe tsa didiriswa tsa marapo tsa bogologolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng le dingwe tsa didiriswa tsa bogologolo go gaisa tsa matlapa tsa Aforika Borwa.[9] Gape ke lefelo la ntlha mo kgaolong go ntsha mefuta e mebedi ya Dinofelis mo polokelong e le nngwe, Dinofelis cf. Barlowi le Dinofelise ba bangwe. [10]. Bontsi jwa mefuta mo lefelong ke ponagalo ya ntlha kgotsa ya bofelo ya mefuta mo kgaolong mme e akantsha phetogo e e bonalang ya diphologolo ka nako eo. == Drimolen Makondo (DMK) == Ka 2013, go ne ga bonwa polokelo e ntšhwa ya masaledi a dilo tse di epolotsweng e e ka nnang dimitara di le 50 (160 ft) go tswa kwa Kwari e Kgolo e e itsiweng jaaka Drimolen Makondo (DMK).[2] DMK ga e ise e ntshe masalela ape a hominin mme e beilwe ka nako ya bogologolo thata e e ka nnang 2.61 Ma,[2] e e dirang gore e tshwane ka dingwaga le mafelo a a jaaka Leloko la Sterkfontein 4 le dikarolo tsa Makapansgat Limeworks. Fa DMQ e na le palaeocavern e le nngwe e kgolo, DMK e na le motseletsele wa ditemana tse di golaganang, tse di kwa tlase tse di tshwanang le maze. Ga go itsiwe gore magaga a mabedi a amana jang le gore a a kile a bo e le karolo ya thulaganyo e le nngwe ya magaga a a golaganeng, fela di-speleotheme tsa motheo mo polokelong nngwe le nngwe di beilwe ka letlha la yuraniamo-lloto go fitlha go dingwaga di le dimilione di le ≈2.6 tse di fetileng, dingwaga tse di tshwanang le matlapa a a elelang a a ka fa tlase ga Australopithecus Sterkfons Mericanu4. africanus e e nang le dipeeletso tsa Makapansgat Ditiro tsa kalaka tsa Tokololo 3. == Metswedi == roqsvalp5rzf38lw2omg5380hey6nvh 55606 55605 2026-09-25T04:19:18Z KatieKea 10150 /* Ditso tsa Patlisiso */ Ke okeditse tlhanolo le metswedi. 55606 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:DNH7.jpg|thumb|Legata la DNH 7 ''Paranthropus robustus'' go tswa kwa DMQ, legata le le feletseng go gaisa la mofuta ono le le kileng la ribololwa le sekai se se sa tlwaelesegang sa namagadi.]] Thulaganyo ya Palaeocave ya '''Drimolen''' e na le motseletsele wa dikhutlo tsa [[Pliocene]] go ya go [[Pleistocene]] ya ntlha tse di nang le di-[[hominin]]<ref>Hancox, Phillip J.; Schoville, Benjamin J.; Strait, David S.; Ritzman, Terrence; Paul, Bence; Green, Helen E.; Hellstrom, John C.; Woodhead, Jon D.; Herries, Andy I. R. (21 November 2018). [https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6510&context=kip_articles "U–Pb-dated flowstones restrict South African early hominin record to dry climate phases"]. ''Nature''. '''565''' (7738): 226–229. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Natur.565..226P 2019Natur.565..226P]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0711-0|10.1038/s41586-018-0711-0]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687 1476-4687]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30464348 30464348]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53713996 53713996].</ref> tse di leng dikilometara di ka nna masome mane kwa bokone jwa [[Johannesburg]], [[Aforika Borwa]], le dikilometara di ka nna thataro kwa bokone jwa [[Sterkfontein]] kwa [[Lefelong la Boswa jwa lefatshe]] la [[Mogope wa tlholego ya motho (Cradle of Humankind)|Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]].<ref name=":1">Herries, Andy I.R.; Murszewski, Ashleigh; Pickering, Robyn; Mallett, Tom; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Armstrong, Brian; Adams, Justin W.; Baker, Stephanie; Blackwood, Alex F.; Penzo-Kajewski, Paul; Kappen, Peter; Leece, AB; Martin, Jesse; Rovinsky, Douglass; Boschian, Giovanni (2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.01.001|"Geoarchaeological and 3D visualisation approaches for contextualising in-situ fossil bearing palaeokarst in South Africa: A case study from the ≈2.61 Ma Drimolen Makondo"]]. ''Quaternary International''. '''483''': 90–110. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018QuInt.483...90H 2018QuInt.483...90H]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.01.001|10.1016/j.quaint.2018.01.001]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1040-6182 1040-6182]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:134682846 134682846].</ref> == Ditso tsa Patlisiso == Ka tlwaelo go tsewa gore lefelo leno le ribolotswe ka Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 1992 ke [[Andre Keyser]], le fa go ntse jalo Murray Obbes, yo o neng a dira patlisiso ya kwa ntle jaaka karolo ya diporojeke tsa gagwe tsa masters kwa Yunibesithing ya Rand Afrikaans (e jaanong e leng Yunibesithi ya Johannesburg) o bolela fa a bone lefelo leno mme a le bontsha Keyser le masalela. Ka tsela epe fela Andre Keyser o ne a laola go epa mo lefelong leno go fitlha a tlhokafala ka 2010.<blockquote>Ka Phalane a le masome a mabedi le motso ka 1994, Keyser o ne a ribolola legata la DNH 7 (Eurydice), e leng legata le le feletseng go gaisa le le fitlhetsweng la ''Paranthropus robustus''.<ref name=":2">Keyser (2000). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200730021235/http://servicios.educarm.es/admin/portal/templates/portal/images/ficheros/etapasEducativas/secundaria/10/secciones/379/contenidos/7306/keyser1.pdf "The Drimolen skull, the most complete australopithecine cranium and mandible to date"] (PDF). ''South African Journal of Science''. '''96''': 189–197. Archived from [http://servicios.educarm.es/admin/portal/templates/portal/images/ficheros/etapasEducativas/secundaria/10/secciones/379/contenidos/7306/keyser1.pdf the original] (PDF) on 30 July 2020. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le botlhano ka 2026.</ref> Gape e tsewa jaaka legata le le sa tlwaelesegang la mosadi la ''P. robustus''. DNH 8, lerapo la monna le le bidiwang "Orpheus" le lone le ne la ribololwa ka nako e le nngwe le go bapa le DNH 7.<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>Colin Menter o ne a kaela dipatlisiso le go epa mo lefelong leno go tloga ka 2010 go fitlha ka 2016.<ref name=":1" /> Dipatlisiso mo lefelong leno di ne tsa dirwa ke bathusi ba setegeniki mo dingwageng tsa ntlha le ke dikolo di le mmalwa tsa kwa ntle mo dingwageng tsa bofelo. Tseno di akaretsa [[Yunibesithi ya Florence]], kwa Italy (2006–2012), Yunibesithi ya Victoria, kwa Canada (2011, 2012, 2014), le [[Yunibesithi ya La Trobe]], kwa Australia (2013–gompieno). Tetla le go epa mo lefelong leno di ne tsa tsewa ke Stephanie Baker wa Setheo sa Patlisiso sa Palaeo sa [[Yunibesithi ya Johannesburg]] ka 2017 ka tirisanommogo le Prof. Andy I.R. Herries wa [[Yunibesithi ya La Trobe]] (& Yunibesithi ya Johannesburg) jaaka karolo ya Porojeke ya Thibololo ya [[Lekgotla la Patlisiso la Australia]] (2017–21). Seno gape se akaretsa tirisanommogo le David Strait wa [[Yunibesithi ya Washington kwa St Louis]], yo o tsamaisang sekolo sa kwa ntle sa kwa US kwa Drimolen ka Seetebosigo mongwe le mongwe,<ref>[http://sa.wustl.edu/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.ViewProgram&Program_ID=10455 "Washington University Drimolen Cave Field School Summer Program".]</ref> mmogo le babatlisisi go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa, Australia, US le Italy. == Gwari e Kgolo ya Drimolen (DMQ) == Masalela otlhe a batho a bonwe go tswa kwa lefelong la bogologolo la lefelo le le bidiwang Quarry e Kgolo ya Drimolen (DMQ), mme a akaretsa masalela a Paranthropus robustus, Homo ya pele le Homo erectus [5][6] Ka 2015 karolo ya tlhogo (DNH 134) ya Homo erectus e ne ya ribololwa ke moithuti wa Sekolo sa Thutamarope sa Yunibesithi ya La Trobe e bong Richard Curtis.[6] Legogo le emela motho yo o neng a le dingwaga di ka nna 2–3 mme le na le bokgoni jwa legogo jo bo agilweng sešwa jwa 484 go ya go 593 cm3,[6] jo bo dirang gore le nne le lennye go le gonnye fela go feta legogo le le tshitshintsweng la mosadi yo o godileng wa Homo erectus (≈598 cm3) DAN5/P1 go tswa kwa Gona kwa Ethio[7]o. Lerapo la tlhogo le biditswe "Simon" ka leina la mongwe wa setlhopha sa baepi ba Drimolen, Simon Mokobane, yo o tlhokafetseng ka 2018. Ka Letsatsi la Borre la Aforika Borwa (17 Seetebosigo) 2018 karolo ya tlhogo (DNH 155) ya Paranthropus robustus e ribolotswe ke moithuti wa sekolo sa tshimo Samantha Good. Cranium ke ya monna yo o godileng mme ke cranium ya monna e e feletseng go gaisa mo mefuteng e e ribolotsweng. Cranium e ne ya gatisiwa ka 2020 mme go ne ga ngangisanwa ka gore e emela karolo ya pele ya losika lwa P. robustus fa e bapisiwa le masaledi a mannye go tswa kwa Masaleleng a a Lepeletseng a Tokololo 1 ya Swartkrans a a gaufi, ka jalo e kwala thutotlhagelelo e nnye mo teng ga P. robustus [8] . DMQ e tlhomilwe go nna magareng ga ≈2.04 le 1.95 Ma go ikaegilwe ka motswako wa yuraniamo-lloto (U-Pb), go utlwala ga dieleketerone tsa motseletsele wa yuraniamo (US-ESR) le makenete ya bogologolo.[6] Dipeeletso tsa DMQ di rekota phetogo ya geomagnetic go tswa mo polarity e e boelang morago go ya kwa go e e tlwaelegileng. Go ikaegilwe ka nako ya U-Pb (1.962 ± 0.107 Ma) ya letlapa la go elela la polarity e e magareng (Leje la Elela la Mabota a Jericho) le le bopilweng mo gare ga phetogo e e ile ya lebisiwa mo phetogong kwa botlaseng jwa Olduvai SubChron ka ≈1.95 Ma. Letlha la US-ESR la 1.965 ± 0.147 Ma fela ka fa tlase ga letlapa la kelelo le netefatsa gape dingwaga tse. Dingwaga tse dingwe tsa US-ESR tsa 2.041 ± 0.240 Ma ka boteng jo bo tshwanang le jwa tlhogo ya DNH 134 H. erectus e supa gore e simolotse magareng ga ≈2.04 le 1.95 Ma, go e dira sekai sa bogologolo sa Homo erectus. Ditlhogo tsa DNH 155 le 152 di tswa kwa godimo ga dimitara di le mmalwa go feta DNH 134 mme di na le dingwaga tse di tshwanang.[6][8] DMQ gape e ntshitse dingwe tsa didiriswa tsa marapo tsa bogologolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng le dingwe tsa didiriswa tsa bogologolo go gaisa tsa matlapa tsa Aforika Borwa.[9] Gape ke lefelo la ntlha mo kgaolong go ntsha mefuta e mebedi ya Dinofelis mo polokelong e le nngwe, Dinofelis cf. Barlowi le Dinofelise ba bangwe. [10]. Bontsi jwa mefuta mo lefelong ke ponagalo ya ntlha kgotsa ya bofelo ya mefuta mo kgaolong mme e akantsha phetogo e e bonalang ya diphologolo ka nako eo. == Drimolen Makondo (DMK) == Ka 2013, go ne ga bonwa polokelo e ntšhwa ya masaledi a dilo tse di epolotsweng e e ka nnang dimitara di le 50 (160 ft) go tswa kwa Kwari e Kgolo e e itsiweng jaaka Drimolen Makondo (DMK).[2] DMK ga e ise e ntshe masalela ape a hominin mme e beilwe ka nako ya bogologolo thata e e ka nnang 2.61 Ma,[2] e e dirang gore e tshwane ka dingwaga le mafelo a a jaaka Leloko la Sterkfontein 4 le dikarolo tsa Makapansgat Limeworks. Fa DMQ e na le palaeocavern e le nngwe e kgolo, DMK e na le motseletsele wa ditemana tse di golaganang, tse di kwa tlase tse di tshwanang le maze. Ga go itsiwe gore magaga a mabedi a amana jang le gore a a kile a bo e le karolo ya thulaganyo e le nngwe ya magaga a a golaganeng, fela di-speleotheme tsa motheo mo polokelong nngwe le nngwe di beilwe ka letlha la yuraniamo-lloto go fitlha go dingwaga di le dimilione di le ≈2.6 tse di fetileng, dingwaga tse di tshwanang le matlapa a a elelang a a ka fa tlase ga Australopithecus Sterkfons Mericanu4. africanus e e nang le dipeeletso tsa Makapansgat Ditiro tsa kalaka tsa Tokololo 3. == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Popego ya Gauteng]] [[Karolo:Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]] b6uwo0dhki1atfmmr3bcwbl2727fay3 55607 55606 2026-09-25T04:54:58Z KatieKea 10150 /* Gwari e Kgolo ya Drimolen (DMQ) */ ke ranotse tsebe e le go tsenya metswedi 55607 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:DNH7.jpg|thumb|Legata la DNH 7 ''Paranthropus robustus'' go tswa kwa DMQ, legata le le feletseng go gaisa la mofuta ono le le kileng la ribololwa le sekai se se sa tlwaelesegang sa namagadi.]] Thulaganyo ya Palaeocave ya '''Drimolen''' e na le motseletsele wa dikhutlo tsa [[Pliocene]] go ya go [[Pleistocene]] ya ntlha tse di nang le di-[[hominin]]<ref>Hancox, Phillip J.; Schoville, Benjamin J.; Strait, David S.; Ritzman, Terrence; Paul, Bence; Green, Helen E.; Hellstrom, John C.; Woodhead, Jon D.; Herries, Andy I. R. (21 November 2018). [https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6510&context=kip_articles "U–Pb-dated flowstones restrict South African early hominin record to dry climate phases"]. ''Nature''. '''565''' (7738): 226–229. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Natur.565..226P 2019Natur.565..226P]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0711-0|10.1038/s41586-018-0711-0]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687 1476-4687]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30464348 30464348]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53713996 53713996].</ref> tse di leng dikilometara di ka nna masome mane kwa bokone jwa [[Johannesburg]], [[Aforika Borwa]], le dikilometara di ka nna thataro kwa bokone jwa [[Sterkfontein]] kwa [[Lefelong la Boswa jwa lefatshe]] la [[Mogope wa tlholego ya motho (Cradle of Humankind)|Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]].<ref name=":1">Herries, Andy I.R.; Murszewski, Ashleigh; Pickering, Robyn; Mallett, Tom; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Armstrong, Brian; Adams, Justin W.; Baker, Stephanie; Blackwood, Alex F.; Penzo-Kajewski, Paul; Kappen, Peter; Leece, AB; Martin, Jesse; Rovinsky, Douglass; Boschian, Giovanni (2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.01.001|"Geoarchaeological and 3D visualisation approaches for contextualising in-situ fossil bearing palaeokarst in South Africa: A case study from the ≈2.61 Ma Drimolen Makondo"]]. ''Quaternary International''. '''483''': 90–110. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018QuInt.483...90H 2018QuInt.483...90H]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.01.001|10.1016/j.quaint.2018.01.001]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1040-6182 1040-6182]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:134682846 134682846].</ref> == Ditso tsa Patlisiso == Ka tlwaelo go tsewa gore lefelo leno le ribolotswe ka Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 1992 ke [[Andre Keyser]], le fa go ntse jalo Murray Obbes, yo o neng a dira patlisiso ya kwa ntle jaaka karolo ya diporojeke tsa gagwe tsa masters kwa Yunibesithing ya Rand Afrikaans (e jaanong e leng Yunibesithi ya Johannesburg) o bolela fa a bone lefelo leno mme a le bontsha Keyser le masalela. Ka tsela epe fela Andre Keyser o ne a laola go epa mo lefelong leno go fitlha a tlhokafala ka 2010.<blockquote> * Ka Phalane a le masome a mabedi le motso ka 1994, Keyser o ne a ribolola legata la DNH 7 (Eurydice), e leng legata le le feletseng go gaisa le le fitlhetsweng la ''Paranthropus robustus''.<ref name=":2">Keyser (2000). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200730021235/http://servicios.educarm.es/admin/portal/templates/portal/images/ficheros/etapasEducativas/secundaria/10/secciones/379/contenidos/7306/keyser1.pdf "The Drimolen skull, the most complete australopithecine cranium and mandible to date"] (PDF). ''South African Journal of Science''. '''96''': 189–197. Archived from [http://servicios.educarm.es/admin/portal/templates/portal/images/ficheros/etapasEducativas/secundaria/10/secciones/379/contenidos/7306/keyser1.pdf the original] (PDF) on 30 July 2020. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le botlhano ka 2026.</ref> Gape e tsewa jaaka legata le le sa tlwaelesegang la mosadi la ''P. robustus''. DNH 8, lerapo la monna le le bidiwang "Orpheus" le lone le ne la ribololwa ka nako e le nngwe le go bapa le DNH 7.<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>Colin Menter o ne a kaela dipatlisiso le go epa mo lefelong leno go tloga ka 2010 go fitlha ka 2016.<ref name=":1" /> Dipatlisiso mo lefelong leno di ne tsa dirwa ke bathusi ba setegeniki mo dingwageng tsa ntlha le ke dikolo di le mmalwa tsa kwa ntle mo dingwageng tsa bofelo. Tseno di akaretsa [[Yunibesithi ya Florence]], kwa Italy (2006–2012), Yunibesithi ya Victoria, kwa Canada (2011, 2012, 2014), le [[Yunibesithi ya La Trobe]], kwa Australia (2013–gompieno). Tetla le go epa mo lefelong leno di ne tsa tsewa ke Stephanie Baker wa Setheo sa Patlisiso sa Palaeo sa [[Yunibesithi ya Johannesburg]] ka 2017 ka tirisanommogo le Prof. Andy I.R. Herries wa [[Yunibesithi ya La Trobe]] (& Yunibesithi ya Johannesburg) jaaka karolo ya Porojeke ya Thibololo ya [[Lekgotla la Patlisiso la Australia]] (2017–21). Seno gape se akaretsa tirisanommogo le David Strait wa [[Yunibesithi ya Washington kwa St Louis]], yo o tsamaisang sekolo sa kwa ntle sa kwa US kwa Drimolen ka Seetebosigo mongwe le mongwe,<ref>[http://sa.wustl.edu/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.ViewProgram&Program_ID=10455 "Washington University Drimolen Cave Field School Summer Program".]</ref> mmogo le babatlisisi go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa, Australia, US le Italy. == Gwari e Kgolo ya Drimolen (DMQ) == Masalela otlhe a batho a bonwe go tswa kwa lefelong la bogologolo la lefelo le le bidiwang Gwari e Kgolo ya Drimolen (DMQ), mme a akaretsa masalela a ''[[Paranthropus robustus]]'', ''Homo'' ya pele le ''[[Homo erectus]].''<ref>Moggi-Cecchi, Jacopo; Menter, Colin; Boccone, Silvia; Keyser, André (2010). "Early hominin dental remains from the Plio-Pleistocene site of Drimolen, South Africa". ''Journal of Human Evolution''. '''58''' (5): 374–405. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.01.006|10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.01.006]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-2484 0047-2484]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20362324 20362324].</ref><ref name=":3">Herries, Andy (2020). [[doi:10.1126/science.aaw7293|"Contemporaneity of Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and early Homo erectus in South Africa"]]. ''Science''. '''368''' (6486): 1–19. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.aaw7293|10.1126/science.aaw7293]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11568/1040368|11568/1040368]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32241925 32241925]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214763272 214763272].</ref><blockquote> * Ka 2015 karolo ya tlhogo (DNH 134) ya ''[[Homo erectus]]'' e ne ya ribololwa ke moithuti wa Sekolo sa Thutamarope sa [[Yunibesithi ya La Trobe]] e bong Richard Curtis.<ref name=":3" /> Legata le emela motho yo o neng a le dingwaga di ka nna pedi go tse tharo mme le na le bokgoni jwa legata jo bo agilweng sesha jwa 484 go ya go 593 cm3,<ref name=":3" /> jo bo dirang gore le nne le lennye go le gonnye fela go feta legata le le tshitshintsweng la mosadi yo o godileng wa ''Homo erectus'' (≈598 cm3) DAN5/P1 go tswa kwa [[Gona]] kwa Ethiopia.<ref>Semaw, Sileshi; Rogers, Michael J.; Simpson, Scott W.; Levin, Naomi E.; Quade, Jay; Dunbar, Nelia; McIntosh, William C.; Cáceres, Isabel; Stinchcomb, Gary E.; Holloway, Ralph L.; Brown, Francis H. (6 March 2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7056306 "Co-occurrence of Acheulian and Oldowan artifacts with Homo erectus cranial fossils from Gona, Afar, Ethiopia"]. ''Science Advances''. '''6''' (10) eaaw4694. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020SciA....6.4694S 2020SciA....6.4694S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw4694|10.1126/sciadv.aaw4694]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2375-2548 2375-2548]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7056306 7056306]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32181331 32181331].</ref> Lerapo la tlhogo le biditswe "Simon" ka leina la mongwe wa setlhopha sa baepi ba Drimolen, Simon Mokobane, yo o tlhokafetseng ka 2018. * Ka Letsatsi la Borre la Aforika Borwa (Seetebosigo a le lesome le bosupa) 2018 karolo ya tlhogo (DNH 155) ya ''Paranthropus robustus'' e ribolotswe ke moithuti wa sekolo sa tshimo Samantha Good. Lerapo le la tlhogo ke la monna yo o godileng mme ke legata la monna le le feletseng go gaisa mo mefuteng e e ribolotsweng. Legata le ne la gatisiwa ka 2020 mme go ne ga ngangisanwa ka gore le emela karolo ya pele ya losika lwa ''P. robustus'' fa e bapisiwa le masalela a mannye go tswa kwa Masaleleng a a Lepeletseng a Tokololo ya ntlha ya Swartkrans a a gaufi, ka jalo e kwala thutotlhagelelo e nnye mo teng ga ''P. robustus''.<ref name=":4">Martin, Jesse M.; Leece, A. B.; Neubauer, Simon; Baker, Stephanie E.; Mongle, Carrie S.; Boschian, Giovanni; Schwartz, Gary T.; Smith, Amanda L.; Ledogar, Justin A.; Strait, David S.; Herries, Andy I. R. (9 November 2020). [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-020-01319-6 "Drimolen cranium DNH 155 documents microevolution in an early hominin species"]. ''Nature Ecology & Evolution''. '''5''' (1): 38–45. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41559-020-01319-6|10.1038/s41559-020-01319-6]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11568/1066411|11568/1066411]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2397-334X 2397-334X]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33168991 33168991]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:226296091 226296091].</ref> </blockquote>DMQ e tlhomilwe go nna magareng ga ≈2.04 le 1.95 Ma go ikaegilwe ka motswako wa uranium-lead (U-Pb), go utlwala ga dieleketerone tsa motseletsele wa uranium (US-ESR) le [[makenete ya bogologolo]].<ref name=":3" /> Dipeeletso tsa DMQ di rekota phetogo ya geomagnetic go tswa mo polarity e e boelang morago go ya kwa go e e tlwaelesegileng. Go ikaegilwe ka nako ya U-Pb (1.962 ± 0.107 Ma) ya letlapa la go elela la polarity e e magareng (Leje la go Elela la Mabota a Jericho) le le bopilweng mo gare ga phetogo e e ileng ya lebisiwa mo phetogong kwa botlaseng jwa Olduvai SubChron ka ≈1.95 Ma. Letlha la US-ESR la 1.965 ± 0.147 Ma fela ka fa tlase ga letlapa la kelelo le netefatsa gape dingwaga tse. Dingwaga tse dingwe tsa US-ESR tsa 2.041 ± 0.240 Ma ka boteng jo bo tshwanang le jwa tlhogo ya DNH 134 H. erectus e supa gore e simolotse magareng ga ≈2.04 le 1.95 Ma, go e dira sekai sa bogologolo sa ''Homo erectus''. Ditlhogo tsa DNH 155 le 152 di tswa kwa godimo ga dimitara di le mmalwa go feta DNH 134 mme di na le dingwaga tse di tshwanang.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> DMQ gape e ntshitse dingwe tsa didiriswa tsa marapo tsa bogologolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng le dingwe tsa didiriswa tsa bogologolo go gaisa tsa matlapa tsa Aforika Borwa.<ref>Stammers, Rhiannon C.; Caruana, Matthew V.; Herries, Andy I.R. (2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.04.026|"The first bone tools from Kromdraai and stone tools from Drimolen, and the place of bone tools in the South African Earlier Stone Age"]]. ''Quaternary International''. '''495''': 87–101. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018QuInt.495...87S 2018QuInt.495...87S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.04.026|10.1016/j.quaint.2018.04.026]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1040-6182 1040-6182]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:135196415 135196415].</ref> Gape ke lefelo la ntlha mo kgaolong go ntsha mefuta e mebedi ya ''[[Dinofelis]]'' mo polokelong e le nngwe, ''Dinofelis cf. Barlowi'' le ''Dinofelis aff. piveteaui''.<ref>Menter, Colin G.; Herries, Andy I. R.; Rovinsky, Douglass S.; Adams, Justin W. (18 April 2016). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4841245 "Macromammalian faunas, biochronology and palaeoecology of the early Pleistocene Main Quarry hominin-bearing deposits of the Drimolen Palaeocave System, South Africa"]. ''PeerJ''. '''4''' e1941. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.7717/peerj.1941|10.7717/peerj.1941]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2167-8359 2167-8359]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4841245 4841245]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27114884 27114884].</ref> Bontsi jwa mefuta mo lefelong ke ponagalo ya ntlha kgotsa ya bofelo ya mefuta mo kgaolong mme e akantsha phetogo e e bonalang ya diphologolo ka nako eo. == Drimolen Makondo (DMK) == [[Setshwantsho:Drimolen Main Quarry.jpg|thumb|Gwari e kgolo ya Drimolen]] [[Setshwantsho:Drimolen Makondo.jpg|thumb|Logaga la bogologolo la Drimolen Makondo le le nang le masalela a dingwaga di le didikadike di le 2.61 kwa Aforika Borwa]] Ka 2013, go ne ga bonwa polokelo e ntšha ya masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng e e ka nnang dimitara di le masome a matlhano (160 ft) go tswa kwa Gwaring e Kgolo e e itsiweng jaaka Drimolen Makondo (DMK).<ref name=":1" /> DMK ga e ise e ntshe masalela ape a hominin mme e beilwe ka nako ya bogologolo thata e e ka nnang 2.61 Ma,<ref name=":1" /> e e dirang gore e tshwane ka dingwaga le mafelo a a jaaka Leloko la bone la [[Sterkfontein]] le dikarolo tsa [[Makapansgat]] Limeworks. Fa DMQ e na le palaeocavern e le nngwe e kgolo, DMK e na le motseletsele wa ditemana tse di golaganang, tse di kwa tlase tse di tshwanang le maze. Ga go itsiwe gore dikgaga tse pedi tse di amana jang le gore a di kile tsa bo e le karolo ya thulaganyo e le nngwe ya dikgaga tse di golaganeng, fela di-speleotheme tsa motheo mo polokelong nngwe le nngwe di beilwe ka letlha la uranium-lead go fitlha go dingwaga di le didikadike di le ≈2.6 tse di fetileng, dingwaga tse di tshwanang le matlapa a a elelang a a ka fa tlase ga Leloko la bone la [[Sterkfontein]] le le nang le ''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'' le ya Ditiro tsa kalaka tsa [[Makapansgat]] tsa Tokololo ya boraro e e nang le le dipeeletso tsa ''A. africanus.'' == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Popego ya Gauteng]] [[Karolo:Mogope wa tlholego ya motho]] i03sea9eyvnqshlgzphiqqaeumnvily 0 15259 55608 2026-09-25T07:04:29Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Abdilatif Abdalla #BLT2026 55608 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdilatif Abdalla''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa seket makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le borataro) ke mokwadi le molweladitshwanelo tsa sepolotiki wa kwa [[Kenya]]. O e a tshwarelwa go ema nokeng Kenya People's Union, a simolola go kwala maboko a le mo kgolegelong a le nosi. Kgobokanyo ya maboko a nako eo a gatisitswe mo bukeng ya setlhogo sa Sauti ya Dhiki (ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro), e e neng ya abelwa seetsele sa padi sa ga [[Jomo Kenyatta|Jomo kenyatta]]. Ke modulasetilo wa setsele sa padi ya [[Aferika|Aforika]] sa Safal Kiswahili. == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Abdilatif Abdalla o tsholetswe kwa [[Mombasa]], [[Kenya]] ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le borataro, kwa a godisitsweng ke rraagwemogolo ebong Ahmad Basheikh bin Hussein teng. Abdalla o tsene sekolo kwa Faza, pele ga a tsweledisa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa British Tutorial College. O simolotse go nna le seabe mo go tsa sepolotiki morago ga go berekela khansele ya toropokgolo Mombasa e le mothusa mookamedi wa matlotlo, a kwala tsejwana ya Kenya Twendapi? (Sets: Kenya, Re ya kae) go ema nokeng Kenya People's union ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borobabobedi.<ref name=":1">Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates, Henry Louis (2012). ''Dictionary of African Biography''. Vol.&nbsp;6. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-195382-075|&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-195382-075</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":2">wa Wanjiru, Kimani (14 October 2010). [https://www.pambazuka.org/arts/abdilatif-abdalla-my-poems-gave-me-company "Abdilatif Abdalla: 'My poems gave me company'"]. ''Pambazuka News''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> == Go tshwarwa ga sepolotiki le go kwala == Fa puso ya Kenya ya ga Jomo Kenyatta e simolola go lwantsha balweladitshwanelo ba KPU, Abdalla o ne a isediwa kgolegelong go loga maano a go thankgola puso ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe masome a marataro le borobabongwe go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borobabongwe. Pele o ne a tshegeditswe kwa kgolegelong ya Kamiti, morago a isiwa kwa go ya Shimo la Tewa, kwa a neng a beilwe a le nosi. O kwadile maboko a a tla kgobokanngwang mo ''Sauti ya Dhiki'' ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro ka nako ya a le kwa kgolegelong, setlhogo se fa se ranolwa se raya lentswe la botlhoko. Di kwadilwe ka puo ya Swahili ya Mombasa ya gatisiwa ke mogolowe ebong Sheikh Abdilahi Nassir. Morago o ne a tlhalosa gore go kwala maboko fa a le nosi kwa kgolegelong go dirile gore a nne sentle mo maikutlong.<ref name=":2" /> Morago ga go neelwa seetsele sa Jomo Kenyatta sa padi ka buka ya gagwe ya Sauti ya Dhiki  ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone, o ne a tshabela kwa [[Tanzania]]. Fa a le koo o ne a bereka e le mosekaseki mogolo wa puo ya Swahili kwa sekolong se segolwane sa University of Dar es Salaam a thusa go kwala thutapuo ya Swahili. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borobabongwe, o ne a fudugela kwa London a berekela lephata la swahili kwa BBC, morago a kwala makasine wa dikgang wa Africa Events. Leboko la ga Abdalla la sekgowa le lengwefela le gatisitswe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi, e bidiwa Peace,Love and Unity for Whom?. Se e ne e le go tsibogela maiteko a puso ya ga Daniel arap Moi gore a seka a tlhola a bereka le [[Ngugi wa Thiong'o]]. Abdalla fa e sale ka nako eo o rutile Swahili kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Leipzig University.<ref name=":1" /> == Ditiro == * ''Utenzi wa maisha ya Adamu na Hawaa'' (ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le motso) * ''Sauti ya Dhiki'' (ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro) == Metswedi == 3zehcowgeykj8sid18nfhfsl5tvubr2 0 15260 55609 2026-09-25T07:16:03Z JudithShe 9421 Ke simolotse thanolo ya tsebe ya ga Athi-Patra Ruga #BLT2026 55609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Athi-Patra Ruga|birth_date=Mopitlo a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1984|birth_place=Umtata [[Aforika Borwa]]|education=Belgravia Art Centre, 2001 Gordon Flack Davison Design Academy, 2004|known for=Go diragatsa, go penta, le botaki jo bo kopaneng|spouse=Malibingwe Tyilo|awards=Standard Bank Young Artist 2015, Seetsele sa Malike Sedibe sa go kapa dinepe, seetsele sa botaki sa Ruth Baumgarte}} '''Athi-Patra Ruga''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bone) ke motaki wa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] o o dirisang bodiragatsi, go kapa ditshwantsho, ditshwantsho tsa motshikhinyego, matsela le go gatisa go tlhatlhoba diemo tsa go siama kgotsa go tlhoka tshiamo, didirisiwa le tse di gakologelwang. Tiro ya gagwe e sekaseka mmele go amana le ngwao le kakanyo. Ditlhogo di tshwana le ngwao ya se Xhosa, le lefelo la go ratana ka bong bo bo tshwanang mo Aforika Borwa morago ga puso ya tlhaolele le gone go tlhagelela mo tirong ya gagwe.<ref>Brown, Andrew J. (2017). "Performing blackness in the 'Rainbow Nation': Athi-Patra Ruga's The Future White Women of Azania". ''Women & Performance: A Journal of Feminist Theory''. '''27''': 67–80. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]][https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0740770X.2017.1282115 :10.1080/0740770X.2017.1282115]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f71e27e9b17e65a981e8615ccafca0c510bbd18d 151343125.]</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Athi-Praga Ruga o tshotswe ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bone kwa Umtata, kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba|Kapa botlhaba]], kwa Aforika Borwa. O ithutetse ditso tsa kapari le tlhamo kwa Gordon Flack Davison Desing Academy kwa [[Johannesburg]].<ref>Siegenthaler, Fiona (2013). [https://edoc.unibas.ch/entities/publication/fbef4ecb-b90d-4c1d-ac35-6be7cd29a23f "Visualizing the Mental City: The Exploration of Cultural and Subjective Topographies by Contemporary Performance Artists in Johannesburg"] (PDF). ''Research in African Literatures''. '''44''' (2): 163–176. doi:[https://muse.jhu.edu/article/506536 10.2979/reseafrilite.44.2.163]. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0034-5210 0034-5210.] [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]][https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/reseafrilite.44.2.163 &nbsp;10.2979/reseafrilite.44.2.163]. S2CID&nbsp;[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b4e9a62a2cccfe93aa3237c4f93f1c764ab7fb4b 144003859.]</ref> Ruga o ne a akareditswe mo bukeng ya Younger Than Jesus (ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe)<ref>Massimiliano, Gioni (2009). ''Younger Than Jesus''. Phaidon Press. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0714849812|<bdi>978-0714849812</bdi>.]]</ref>, e le buka ya bataki ba lefatshe ka bophara ba ba gaisang ba le makgolo a matlhano ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga masome a mararo le boraro. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone o ne a etelela pele puisano a na le [[Zanele Muholi]] le [[Nandipha Mntambo]], kwa bokopanong kwa Design Indaba kwa Kapa.<ref>[https://www.designindaba.com/events/design-indaba-conference-2014 "Design Indaba Conference 2014".]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi, Ruga o ne a tshwara ditshupo kwa ditshupong tsa 1-54 kwa London, a di file setlhogo sa Of Gods, Rainbows and Omissions.<ref>[https://www.1-54.com/special-projects-at-1-54-london-2018/ "Special Projects at 1–54 London, 2018".] 9 July 2018.</ref><ref>Gerlis, Melanie (28 September 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/90a6b384-bcc6-11e8-8dfd-2f1cbc7ee27c "At the rainbow's end".] ''Financial Times''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Tiro ya ga Ruga e rekilwe ke bakgobokanyi ba botaki ba le bantsi ba setshaba le ba ba ikemetseng, ba akaretsa mabolokelo a botaki a Zeitz a sennela ruri, Iziko African National Gallery<ref>[https://zeitzmocaa.museum/artists/athi-patra-ruga/ "ZEITS MOCAA Athi-Patra Ruga".]</ref>, Museion kwa Italy, le CAAC - kgobokanyo ya Pigozzi. == Metswedi == 5twn9497k3a01mj83xf6s9uj82tjxfb 0 15261 55610 2026-09-25T07:44:17Z VNGao 10152 Created page with "'''[[:en:Leila_Djansi|Leila Afua Djansi]]''' ke mme wa letso la Ghana le Amerika yo eleng mokopanyi kana mogokaganyi wa dibaesekopo yoo a simolotseng tiro ya gagwe ya dibaesekopo kwa [[:en:Cinema_of_Ghana|Ghana film industry.]] == Botshelo Pele ==" 55610 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Leila_Djansi|Leila Afua Djansi]]''' ke mme wa letso la Ghana le Amerika yo eleng mokopanyi kana mogokaganyi wa dibaesekopo yoo a simolotseng tiro ya gagwe ya dibaesekopo kwa [[:en:Cinema_of_Ghana|Ghana film industry.]] == Botshelo Pele == qo4gw9j3dnafq8m7b6ucolm2agd4qrf 55613 55610 2026-09-25T07:50:25Z VNGao 10152 /* Botshelo Pele */ 55613 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Leila_Djansi|Leila Afua Djansi]]''' ke mme wa letso la Ghana le Amerika yo eleng mokopanyi kana mogokaganyi wa dibaesekopo yoo a simolotseng tiro ya gagwe ya dibaesekopo kwa [[:en:Cinema_of_Ghana|Ghana film industry.]] == Botshelo Pele == Leila Afua Djansi o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le lesome le bosupa. Rraagwe ene ele mokgweetsi wa difofane , fa mmaagwe ene ene ele mooki o motona. Djansi o goletse kwa India le Ghana. Lefa ntswa go diragatsa le go kwala ene ele dilo tsa itloso bodutu mo go ene, one a ratile go nna [[:en:Leila_Djansi|ngaka ya tlhokomele ya Bomme]], seo erileng mo tsamayong ya nako a se fetogela mme a nna le kgatlhego mo tsa [[:en:Forensic_science|forensics]]. Fa a ne a ithutela [[:en:Criminology|tshekatsheko ya borukutlhi]] , one a fetoga gape fa a kopana le modiragatsi wa Ghana Sam Odoi, yoo a neng a mo kopa gore amo kwalele motshameko.O ne ana le dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe fa motshameko yo a o kwadilweng '''[[:en:Babina_(film)|''Babina'']]''', one o dirwa setshwantsho sa motshikinyego ke moapei wa dibaesekopo Akwetey Kanyi. == Dithutego == dxbo72ltu1e4i6wuo0hj3mta720lccj 55615 55613 2026-09-25T07:53:24Z VNGao 10152 /* Dithutego */ 55615 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Leila_Djansi|Leila Afua Djansi]]''' ke mme wa letso la Ghana le Amerika yo eleng mokopanyi kana mogokaganyi wa dibaesekopo yoo a simolotseng tiro ya gagwe ya dibaesekopo kwa [[:en:Cinema_of_Ghana|Ghana film industry.]] == Botshelo Pele == Leila Afua Djansi o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le lesome le bosupa. Rraagwe ene ele mokgweetsi wa difofane , fa mmaagwe ene ene ele mooki o motona. Djansi o goletse kwa India le Ghana. Lefa ntswa go diragatsa le go kwala ene ele dilo tsa itloso bodutu mo go ene, one a ratile go nna [[:en:Leila_Djansi|ngaka ya tlhokomele ya Bomme]], seo erileng mo tsamayong ya nako a se fetogela mme a nna le kgatlhego mo tsa [[:en:Forensic_science|forensics]]. Fa a ne a ithutela [[:en:Criminology|tshekatsheko ya borukutlhi]] , one a fetoga gape fa a kopana le modiragatsi wa Ghana Sam Odoi, yoo a neng a mo kopa gore amo kwalele motshameko.O ne ana le dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe fa motshameko yo a o kwadilweng '''[[:en:Babina_(film)|''Babina'']]''', one o dirwa setshwantsho sa motshikinyego ke moapei wa dibaesekopo Akwetey Kanyi. == Dithutego == Djans o dirile dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana kwa Kabore Primary le JSS, Mawuli School a dira tsa fa gare le tse dikgolwane fela jalo ka tatelelano,tsotlhe di le kwa Volta Region gone mo Ghana. One a simolola dithuto tsa gagwe tsa go ithutela dibaesekopo kwa National Film and Television School, mme morago a tswa mo Ghana aya kwa Amerika go tsweledisa tsone dithuto tseo tsa digerata kwa kwa Savannah College of Art and Design , a nnile le lesego la go duelwelwa ke ba dithuso tsa madi tsa botaki == Tiro == in42s2vtkbb8qqufj0iainhbjor1z4l 55616 55615 2026-09-25T07:57:59Z VNGao 10152 /* Dithutego */ 55616 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Leila_Djansi|Leila Afua Djansi]]''' ke mme wa letso la Ghana le Amerika yo eleng mokopanyi kana mogokaganyi wa dibaesekopo yoo a simolotseng tiro ya gagwe ya dibaesekopo kwa [[:en:Cinema_of_Ghana|Ghana film industry.]] == Botshelo Pele == Leila Afua Djansi o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le lesome le bosupa. Rraagwe ene ele mokgweetsi wa difofane , fa mmaagwe ene ene ele mooki o motona. Djansi o goletse kwa India le Ghana. Lefa ntswa go diragatsa le go kwala ene ele dilo tsa itloso bodutu mo go ene, one a ratile go nna [[:en:Leila_Djansi|ngaka ya tlhokomele ya Bomme]], seo erileng mo tsamayong ya nako a se fetogela mme a nna le kgatlhego mo tsa [[:en:Forensic_science|forensics]]. Fa a ne a ithutela [[:en:Criminology|tshekatsheko ya borukutlhi]] , one a fetoga gape fa a kopana le modiragatsi wa Ghana Sam Odoi, yoo a neng a mo kopa gore amo kwalele motshameko.O ne ana le dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe fa motshameko yo a o kwadilweng '''[[:en:Babina_(film)|''Babina'']]''', one o dirwa setshwantsho sa motshikinyego ke moapei wa dibaesekopo Akwetey Kanyi. == Dithutego == Djans o dirile dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana kwa Kabore Primary le JSS, [[:en:Mawuli_School|Mawuli]] School a dira tsa fa gare le tse dikgolwane fela jalo ka tatelelano,tsotlhe di le mo [[:en:Ho,_Ghana|HO]] [[:en:Volta_Region|Volta Region]] gone mo Ghana. One a simolola dithuto tsa gagwe tsa go ithutela dibaesekopo kwa [[:en:National_Film_and_Television_School|National Film and Television School,]] mme morago a tswa mo Ghana aya kwa Amerika go tsweledisa tsone dithuto tseo tsa digerata kwa kwa [[:en:Savannah_College_of_Art_and_Design|Savannah College of Art and Design , a]] nnile le lesego la go duelwelwa ke ba dithuso tsa madi tsa botaki. == Tiro == qouqfhqrz4ph5w5frbrekuxzhc3nf9j 55617 55616 2026-09-25T08:06:39Z VNGao 10152 /* Tiro */ 55617 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Leila_Djansi|Leila Afua Djansi]]''' ke mme wa letso la Ghana le Amerika yo eleng mokopanyi kana mogokaganyi wa dibaesekopo yoo a simolotseng tiro ya gagwe ya dibaesekopo kwa [[:en:Cinema_of_Ghana|Ghana film industry.]] == Botshelo Pele == Leila Afua Djansi o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le lesome le bosupa<ref>Nelmes, Jill; Selbo, Jule, [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=kGikCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Women Screenwriters: An International Guide, Springer] (2015), p. 20, <nowiki>ISBN 9781137312372</nowiki>. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref>. Rraagwe ene ele mokgweetsi wa difofane , fa mmaagwe ene ene ele mooki o motona. Djansi o goletse kwa India le Ghana. Lefa ntswa go diragatsa le go kwala ene ele dilo tsa itloso bodutu mo go ene, one a ratile go nna [[:en:Leila_Djansi|ngaka ya tlhokomele ya Bomme]], seo erileng mo tsamayong ya nako a se fetogela mme a nna le kgatlhego mo tsa [[:en:Forensic_science|forensics]]. Fa a ne a ithutela [[:en:Criminology|tshekatsheko ya borukutlhi]] , one a fetoga gape fa a kopana le modiragatsi wa Ghana Sam Odoi, yoo a neng a mo kopa gore amo kwalele motshameko.O ne ana le dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe fa motshameko yo a o kwadilweng '''[[:en:Babina_(film)|''Babina'']]''', one o dirwa setshwantsho sa motshikinyego ke moapei wa dibaesekopo Akwetey Kanyi.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/02/showbiz/must-see-african-movies/index.html]</ref> == Dithutego == Djans o dirile dithuto tsa gagwe tse dipotlana kwa Kabore Primary le JSS, [[:en:Mawuli_School|Mawuli]] School a dira tsa fa gare le tse dikgolwane fela jalo ka tatelelano,tsotlhe di le mo [[:en:Ho,_Ghana|HO]] [[:en:Volta_Region|Volta Region]] gone mo Ghana. One a simolola dithuto tsa gagwe tsa go ithutela dibaesekopo kwa [[:en:National_Film_and_Television_School|National Film and Television School,]] mme morago a tswa mo Ghana aya kwa Amerika go tsweledisa tsone dithuto tseo tsa digerata kwa kwa [[:en:Savannah_College_of_Art_and_Design|Savannah College of Art and Design , a]] nnile le lesego la go duelwelwa ke ba dithuso tsa madi tsa botaki. == Tiro == == Metswedi == remh07fp3fnuuhh45x58ddjsvxoi9jw 0 15262 55611 2026-09-25T07:46:04Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366218353|Myrtle Foster Cook]]" 55611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Myrtle Foster Cook''' (O shotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome le bosupa, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa (1870) - Go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e le masome a mararao le bongwe, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bongwe (1951) e ne e le morutabana wa Amerika yo o tsholetsweng kwa Canada, molweladipolotiki, ebile e le mosadi wa kgwebo ya Dino == Botshelo jwa pele == Myrtle o tsholetswe kwa Amherstburg, kwa Ontario mme a godisediwa kwa Monroe, kwa Michigan, e le morwadia James le Elizabeth. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Jessie Carney |date=1992 |title=Notable Black American Women |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ssMBzqrUpjwC&dq=Myrtle+Foster+Cook&pg=PA140 |publisher=VNR AG |isbn=978-0-8103-9177-2 |pages=140–143 |language=en}}</ref> Borraagwemogolo ka bobedi ba ne ba falola bokgoba kwa United States, ba thusiwa ke [[Seporo sa ka fa tlatse ga lefatshe|Seporo sa Kafa Tlase ga Lefatshe]], mme ba nna kwa Canada. Rraagwe o ne a na le polasi ya maungo le mashi kwa Monroe, mme bokgaitsadie ba ne ba na le kgwebo ya dimonamone. O alogile kwa Sekolong se setona sa Michigan . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Fabbri |first=Lia |last2=Yunker |first2=Jordan |date= |title=Biographical Sketch of Myrtle Foster Cook, 1870-1951 |url=https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3568107/biographical-sketch-myrtle-foster-cook-1870-1951#page/1/mode/1/chapter/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3568107 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=Alexander Street}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Adamich |first=Tom |date=August 18, 2020 |title=Myrtle Foster Cook was key to achieving suffrage in Monroe |url=https://www.monroenews.com/news/20200818/myrtle-foster-cook-was-key-to-achieving-suffrage-in-monroe |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=Monroe News - Monroe, Michigan |language=en}}</ref> == Tiro == Foster e ne e le moletsi wa di diletso tsa kereke ebile e le morutabana wa sekolo sa Sontaga mo bonaneng jwa gagwe kwa Michigan. O ne a ruta kwa sekolong se se tlwaelegileng kwa Frankfort, kwa Kentucky <ref name=":0" /> fa a ne a kopana le monna wa gagwe wa ntlha, yo e neng e le ngaka. O ne a fudugela le ene kwa Muskogee, Oklahoma, kwa a neng a ruta teng kwa sekolong, a simolola mokgatlho, a rulaganya motseletsele wa dithuto le go kgobokanya madi a go aga Sepatela. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Greene |first=Debra Foster |year=2021 |title=Cook, Myrtle Foster Todd |url=https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-78830 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=Oxford African American Studies Center |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.78830 |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Foster o ne a fudugela kwa toropong ya Kansas, kwa Missouri ka ngwag wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le borataro (1916). E ne e le tlhogo ya lephata la Seesemane kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Lincoln, mme o ne a kopana le monna wa gagwe wa bobedi, morutabana ka ene. Ba lelwapa la ga Cook ba ne ba tlhoma mokgatlho wa go boloka le go adima madi wa Maaforika a kwa Amerika. Myrtle Foster Cook e ne e le modulasetilo wa bosetšhaba wa letlole la tshireletso ya semolao la [[:en:NAACP|NAACP]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=March 1925 |title=Finances |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.30000054421528&view=1up&seq=219 |journal=The Crisis |volume=29 |pages=213 |via=HathiTrust}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=May 1924 |title=Annual Legal Defense Fund |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YcERAQAAMAAJ&dq=Myrtle+Foster+Cook&pg=PA23 |journal=The Crisis |volume=28 |pages=23 |via=}}</ref> E ne e le moeteledipele mo dikgaolong tsa Kansas City tsa [[:en:YWCA|YWCA]] le Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Basadi ba Mmala ([[:en:National_Association_of_Colored_Women's_Clubs|National Association of Colored Women)]] (NACW). E ne e le morulaganyi-w''a'' tsa National Notes go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bobedi go ya kwa ngwageng wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borataro (1926), <ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Materson |first=Lisa G. |date=2009 |title=For the Freedom of Her Race: Black Women and Electoral Politics in Illinois, 1877-1932 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pu-nrDzj-18C&dq=Myrtle+Foster+Cook&pg=PA147 |publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-0-8078-3271-4 |location= |pages=147, 160 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|pages=13}}</ref> mme o ne a nna modulasetilo wa lephata la ditso la NACW moragonyana ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1920), <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dagbovie |first=Pero Gaglo |date=2003 |title=Black Women, Carter G. Woodson, and the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, 1915-1950 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3559046 |journal=The Journal of African American History |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=31 |doi=10.2307/3559046 |issn=1548-1867 |jstor=3559046 |s2cid=144343917 |url-access=subscription |via=}}</ref> fa a ne a bua mo bokopanong le Carter G. Woodson, Sallie Wyatt Arsa Stewart, le . <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1929 |title=Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History Held in St. Louis, Missouri, October 21 to 25, 1928 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2714094 |journal=The Journal of Negro History |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=3 |issn=0022-2992 |jstor=2714094 |via=}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bone (1934) o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Tautona wa Kgaolo ya Bogare ya NACW. <ref>{{Cite news|pages=8}}</ref> Cook o ne a rulaganya go tlhama Legae la Jackson County la Basimane ba Negro, mme e ne e le moeteledipele wa Liki ya Basadi ya Kansas City. O ne a tlhomiwa ke babusi Sam Aaron Baker le Arthur M. Hyde go nna mo Khuduthamageng ya Thuto le Madirelo ya Bathobantsho ba Missouri (MNEIC). <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=June 1925 |title=Social Progress |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JcgZAAAAIAAJ&dq=Myrtle+Foster+Cook&pg=PA191 |journal=Opportunity |volume=3 |pages=191 |via=}}</ref> O ne a le matlhagatlhaga mo tirong ya go tlhopha, le mo dipolotiking tsa Republican Party morago ga gore ditlhopho di fenngwe. <ref name=":3" /> O ne a na le ditiro tse di farologaneng tsa boeteledipele mo dipopegong tsa ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1920) le ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bone (1924), mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi (19280, Cook o ne a bidiwa go nna mo Komiting ya Bosetšhaba ya Repaboliki, <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite news|pages=5}}</ref> a bereka le Addie Waites Hunton mo letsholong la ga Hoover. <ref>{{Cite news|pages=2}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Myrtle Foster o nyetse gabedi. Monna wa gagwe wa ntlha e ne e le Dr. Louis G. Dodd. Ba ne ba nyalana ka ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo a robabongwe (1900), mme a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1911). <ref name=":4" /> Monna wa gagwe wa bobedi e ne e le Hugh Oliver Cook, yo e neng e le mogokgo wa Sekolo se Segolo sa Lincoln go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bongwe (1921) go ya kwa ngwageng wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bone ( 1944). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dennis |first=Megan |date=2018-07-25 |title="The Castle on the Hill": Lincoln High, Racial Uplift, and Community Development During Segregation |url=https://pendergastkc.org/article/castle-hill-lincoln-high-racial-uplift-and-community-development-during-segregation |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=The Pendergast Years}}</ref> Ba ne ba nyalana ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1920), mme o ne a nna mmè wa bobedi wa barwa ba gagwe ba ba botlana. Ba lelwapa la ga Cook ba ne ba fudugela kwa Los Angeles ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le ( 1944) mme Hugh O. Cook <ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|title=H. O. Cook is Dead|pages=18|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/69367919/h-o-cook-is-dead/|access-date=2021-02-04}}</ref> a tlhokafalela koo ka <ref>{{Cite book |last=Coulter |first=Charles Edward |date=2006 |title=Take Up the Black Man's Burden: Kansas City's African American Communities, 1865-1939 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXeRKb49l2UC&dq=Myrtle+Foster+Cook&pg=PA94 |publisher=University of Missouri Press |isbn=978-0-8262-6518-0 |language=en}}</ref> kwa Los Angeles ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bongwe (1951), a le dingwaga di le masome a robabobedi le bongwe. <ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|title=Funeral Services Held for Widely Known Civic Leader|pages=16|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/69367686/funeral-services-held-for-widely-known/|access-date=2021-02-04}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] ni0o434q5ml0pvapcxvx6yvaz23s5u6 55614 55611 2026-09-25T07:52:17Z MmaBaggio 11091 55614 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Myrtle Foster Cook''' (O shotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome le bosupa, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa (1870) - Go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e le masome a mararao le bongwe, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bongwe (1951) e ne e le morutabana wa Amerika yo o tsholetsweng kwa Canada, molweladipolotiki, ebile e le mosadi wa kgwebo ya Dino. {{Infobox person|name=Myrtle Foster Cook|other names=Myrtle Foster Dodd (morago ga lenyalo)|birth_name=Myrtle Foster|birth_date=Moranang 17 1870|birth_place=Amherstburg, Ontario, Canada|death_date=Phatwe 31, 1951|death_place=Los Angeles, California, USA|occupation=Molweladitshwanelo, Morutabana, Mosadi wa kgwebo}} == Botshelo jwa pele == Myrtle o tsholetswe kwa Amherstburg, kwa Ontario mme a godisediwa kwa Monroe, kwa Michigan, e le morwadia James le Elizabeth. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Jessie Carney |date=1992 |title=Notable Black American Women |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ssMBzqrUpjwC&dq=Myrtle+Foster+Cook&pg=PA140 |publisher=VNR AG |isbn=978-0-8103-9177-2 |pages=140–143 |language=en}}</ref> Borraagwemogolo ka bobedi ba ne ba falola bokgoba kwa United States, ba thusiwa ke [[Seporo sa ka fa tlatse ga lefatshe|Seporo sa Kafa Tlase ga Lefatshe]], mme ba nna kwa Canada. Rraagwe o ne a na le polasi ya maungo le mashi kwa Monroe, mme bokgaitsadie ba ne ba na le kgwebo ya dimonamone. O alogile kwa Sekolong se setona sa Michigan . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Fabbri |first=Lia |last2=Yunker |first2=Jordan |date= |title=Biographical Sketch of Myrtle Foster Cook, 1870-1951 |url=https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3568107/biographical-sketch-myrtle-foster-cook-1870-1951#page/1/mode/1/chapter/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3568107 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=Alexander Street}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Adamich |first=Tom |date=August 18, 2020 |title=Myrtle Foster Cook was key to achieving suffrage in Monroe |url=https://www.monroenews.com/news/20200818/myrtle-foster-cook-was-key-to-achieving-suffrage-in-monroe |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=Monroe News - Monroe, Michigan |language=en}}</ref> == Tiro == Foster e ne e le moletsi wa di diletso tsa kereke ebile e le morutabana wa sekolo sa Sontaga mo bonaneng jwa gagwe kwa Michigan. O ne a ruta kwa sekolong se se tlwaelegileng kwa Frankfort, kwa Kentucky <ref name=":0" /> fa a ne a kopana le monna wa gagwe wa ntlha, yo e neng e le ngaka. O ne a fudugela le ene kwa Muskogee, Oklahoma, kwa a neng a ruta teng kwa sekolong, a simolola mokgatlho, a rulaganya motseletsele wa dithuto le go kgobokanya madi a go aga Sepatela. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Greene |first=Debra Foster |year=2021 |title=Cook, Myrtle Foster Todd |url=https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-78830 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=Oxford African American Studies Center |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.78830 |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Foster o ne a fudugela kwa toropong ya Kansas, kwa Missouri ka ngwag wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le borataro (1916). E ne e le tlhogo ya lephata la Seesemane kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Lincoln, mme o ne a kopana le monna wa gagwe wa bobedi, morutabana ka ene. Ba lelwapa la ga Cook ba ne ba tlhoma mokgatlho wa go boloka le go adima madi wa Maaforika a kwa Amerika. Myrtle Foster Cook e ne e le modulasetilo wa bosetšhaba wa letlole la tshireletso ya semolao la [[:en:NAACP|NAACP]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=March 1925 |title=Finances |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.30000054421528&view=1up&seq=219 |journal=The Crisis |volume=29 |pages=213 |via=HathiTrust}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=May 1924 |title=Annual Legal Defense Fund |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YcERAQAAMAAJ&dq=Myrtle+Foster+Cook&pg=PA23 |journal=The Crisis |volume=28 |pages=23 |via=}}</ref> E ne e le moeteledipele mo dikgaolong tsa Kansas City tsa [[:en:YWCA|YWCA]] le Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Basadi ba Mmala ([[:en:National_Association_of_Colored_Women's_Clubs|National Association of Colored Women)]] (NACW). E ne e le morulaganyi-w''a'' tsa National Notes go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bobedi go ya kwa ngwageng wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borataro (1926), <ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Materson |first=Lisa G. |date=2009 |title=For the Freedom of Her Race: Black Women and Electoral Politics in Illinois, 1877-1932 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pu-nrDzj-18C&dq=Myrtle+Foster+Cook&pg=PA147 |publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-0-8078-3271-4 |location= |pages=147, 160 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|pages=13}}</ref> mme o ne a nna modulasetilo wa lephata la ditso la NACW moragonyana ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1920), <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dagbovie |first=Pero Gaglo |date=2003 |title=Black Women, Carter G. Woodson, and the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, 1915-1950 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3559046 |journal=The Journal of African American History |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=31 |doi=10.2307/3559046 |issn=1548-1867 |jstor=3559046 |s2cid=144343917 |url-access=subscription |via=}}</ref> fa a ne a bua mo bokopanong le Carter G. Woodson, Sallie Wyatt Arsa Stewart, le . <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1929 |title=Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History Held in St. Louis, Missouri, October 21 to 25, 1928 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2714094 |journal=The Journal of Negro History |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=3 |issn=0022-2992 |jstor=2714094 |via=}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bone (1934) o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Tautona wa Kgaolo ya Bogare ya NACW. <ref>{{Cite news|pages=8}}</ref> Cook o ne a rulaganya go tlhama Legae la Jackson County la Basimane ba Negro, mme e ne e le moeteledipele wa Liki ya Basadi ya Kansas City. O ne a tlhomiwa ke babusi Sam Aaron Baker le Arthur M. Hyde go nna mo Khuduthamageng ya Thuto le Madirelo ya Bathobantsho ba Missouri (MNEIC). <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=June 1925 |title=Social Progress |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JcgZAAAAIAAJ&dq=Myrtle+Foster+Cook&pg=PA191 |journal=Opportunity |volume=3 |pages=191 |via=}}</ref> O ne a le matlhagatlhaga mo tirong ya go tlhopha, le mo dipolotiking tsa Republican Party morago ga gore ditlhopho di fenngwe. <ref name=":3" /> O ne a na le ditiro tse di farologaneng tsa boeteledipele mo dipopegong tsa ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1920) le ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bone (1924), mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi (19280, Cook o ne a bidiwa go nna mo Komiting ya Bosetšhaba ya Repaboliki, <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite news|pages=5}}</ref> a bereka le Addie Waites Hunton mo letsholong la ga Hoover. <ref>{{Cite news|pages=2}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Myrtle Foster o nyetse gabedi. Monna wa gagwe wa ntlha e ne e le Dr. Louis G. Dodd. Ba ne ba nyalana ka ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo a robabongwe (1900), mme a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1911). <ref name=":4" /> Monna wa gagwe wa bobedi e ne e le Hugh Oliver Cook, yo e neng e le mogokgo wa Sekolo se Segolo sa Lincoln go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bongwe (1921) go ya kwa ngwageng wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bone ( 1944). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dennis |first=Megan |date=2018-07-25 |title="The Castle on the Hill": Lincoln High, Racial Uplift, and Community Development During Segregation |url=https://pendergastkc.org/article/castle-hill-lincoln-high-racial-uplift-and-community-development-during-segregation |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=The Pendergast Years}}</ref> Ba ne ba nyalana ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1920), mme o ne a nna mmè wa bobedi wa barwa ba gagwe ba ba botlana. Ba lelwapa la ga Cook ba ne ba fudugela kwa Los Angeles ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le ( 1944) mme Hugh O. Cook <ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|title=H. O. Cook is Dead|pages=18|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/69367919/h-o-cook-is-dead/|access-date=2021-02-04}}</ref> a tlhokafalela koo ka <ref>{{Cite book |last=Coulter |first=Charles Edward |date=2006 |title=Take Up the Black Man's Burden: Kansas City's African American Communities, 1865-1939 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXeRKb49l2UC&dq=Myrtle+Foster+Cook&pg=PA94 |publisher=University of Missouri Press |isbn=978-0-8262-6518-0 |language=en}}</ref> kwa Los Angeles ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bongwe (1951), a le dingwaga di le masome a robabobedi le bongwe. <ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|title=Funeral Services Held for Widely Known Civic Leader|pages=16|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/69367686/funeral-services-held-for-widely-known/|access-date=2021-02-04}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] kov54gtocbodtmtgzo6dreumv33r237 0 15263 55612 2026-09-25T07:47:22Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Amoako Boafo #BLT2026 55612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Amoako Boafo|image=Amoako Boafo.jpg|caption=Senepe sa ga Amoako Boafo|birth_name=Thomas Amoako Boafo|birth_date=Motsheganong a le lesome ngwaga wa 1984|birth_place=Osu, Acra, Ghana|education=Ghanatta College of Art amd Design; Academy of Fine Arts Vienna|known for=botaki}} '''Thomas Amoako Boafo''', o o itsegeng ka leina la '''Amoako Boafo''' (o tshotswe ka Motsheganong a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bone), o tsholetswe a bo a godisediwa kwa Osu, kwa kgaolong ya Accra kwa Ghana.<ref>[https://africabokutalent.org/directory/talent/amoako-boafo/ "Amoako Boafo"]. ''Africa Boku Talent''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == O tsene sekolo kwa Ghanatta College of Art and Design kwa Accra, a ya go tsweledisa dithuto kwa Academy of Fine Arts kwa Vienna kwa Austria.<ref>[[:en:Ekow_Barnes|Barnes, Ekow]] (5 August 2020). [https://i-d.co/article/amoako-boafo-is-nuancing-how-black-men-are-represented-in-painting/ "Amoako Boafo is nuancing how Black men are represented in painting"]. ''i-D''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref><ref>Trembley, Nicholas (22 February 2021). "[https://numero.com/fr/art/amoako-boafo-artiste-du-mois-nicolas-trembley-ghana-galerie-mariane-ibrahim Rencontre avec Amoako Boafo, la nouvelle révélation de l'art".] ''[[true999] ]]'' (in French). Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Fa a tsena sekolo sa go aloga kwa Vienna, Boafo o ne a amogela dikakgelo tsa gore ditshwantsho tsa gagwe di dintsho thata. A sa tshosediwe ke go kgala moo, Boafo o ne a tswelela ka go tshwantsha batho ba bantsho.<ref name=":1">[https://www.proquest.com/docview/2444737041?sourcetype=Newspapers ""Amoako Boafo on Slowing down and Staying Focused While His Auction Prices Skyrocket." 2020. The New York Observer, n."]</ref> == Tsa pereko == Ditshwantsho tsa ga Boafo di itebagantse le diaparo, go ema, le tshupo ya letlalo e a e gatelelang ka go penta ka monwana.<ref>Van Houten Maldonado, Devon (8 October 2020)[https://www.frieze.com/article/amoako-boafos-paintings-stare-back-you . "Amoako Boafo's Paintings Stare Back at You".] ''frieze''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref><ref>Lang, Cady (17 February 2021[https://time.com/collections/time100-next-2021/5937676/amoako-boafo/ ). "2021 Time100 Next: Amoako Boafo".] ''Time''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Go ya ka mosupi Ibrahim, ditshwantsho tsa ga Boafo di emetse go gatela pele mo ditshwantshong, a supa fa a fetotse le go tlhama ka fa ditshwantsho di diriwang ka teng. Ibrahim o itebagantse le go emela botaki jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe, Boafo o ne a tsaya karolo mo go ithutuntsheng kwa Rubell Museum kwa Miami, Florida, ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi o ne a bereka le Dior mo kgobokanyong ya bone ya diaparo tsa borre tsa paka ya dikgakologo/selemo ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le motso.<ref>Marain, Alexandre (23 February 2021). [https://www.vogue.fr/vogue-hommes-en/article/dior-men-spring-summer-2021-menswear-collection-ghanian-artist-amoako-boafo "Dior infuses Amoako Boafo's paintings into its collection".] ''Vogue Paris''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref><ref>Wightman-Stone, Danielle (14 July 2020). [https://fashionunited.uk/news/fashion/dior-men-collaborates-with-ghanaian-artist-amoako-boafo/2020071449847 "Dior Men collaborates with Ghanaian artist Amoako Boafo".] ''FashionUnited''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref><ref>Waddoups, Ryan (16 July 2020). [https://www.surfacemag.com/articles/dior-ss21-amoako-boafo/ "The Story Behind Amoako Boafo's Deeply Personal Collection With Dior".] ''Surface''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Tiro ya gagwe ya Suborbital Triptych, e e nang le ditshwantsho tse tharo tsa gagwe, mmagwe , le mmaagwe tsala ya gagwe, e ne ya gatisiwa kwa godimo ga rokete e ntsha ya New Shepard, e e neng ya fofa e sena bapagami go ya kwa lefaufaung ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le motso, e goroga kwa lefaufaung bokgakala jwa dikhilomithara di le lekgolo le borataro.<ref>[https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-mission-ns-17-launch-updates "New Shepard Successfully Completes Mission with Commercial and NASA-Supported Payloads on Board".] ''Blue Origin'' (Press release). 26 August 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi, ditshupo tsa gagwe tsa ntlha kwa U.S. tsa setlhogo sa Soul of Black Folks, di ne tsa bulwa kwa mabolokelong a ditso tsa sesha kwa Houston<ref>[https://camh.org/event/soul-of-black-folks/ "Amoako Boafo: Soul of Black Folks".] ''Contemporary Arts Museum Houston''. 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref>, morago a tsaya loeto go ya kwa mabolokelong a botaki a Denver<ref>[https://www.denverartmuseum.org/en/exhibitions/amoako-boafo "Amoako Boafo | Denver Art Museum".] ''www.denverartmuseum.org''. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le boraro. == Dikgobokanyo == Tiro ya ga Boafo e teng mo dikgobokanyong tsa setshaba le tsa batho ba ba ikemetseng, mo bosheng di kwa Blenheim Art Foundation, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Solomon R. Guggnheim Museum, Hirshhorn Museum, Rubell Museum, Marieluise Hessel Museum, Aishti Foundation, CCS Bard College Hessel museum of Art, Pizzuti Collection of Columbus Museum of Art, Coleccion Solo le Albertina Museum kwa Vienna.<ref>Campbell-LaFleur, Andrianna (1 September 2020). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/amoako-boafo-portraits-interview-11599003761 "Amoako Boafo on His Incredible Portraits: 'I Paint to Show What I Am'".] ''Wall Street Journal''. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]][https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0099-9660 &nbsp;0099-9660]. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref><ref>Binlot, Ann (3 June 2020). [https://www.documentjournal.com/2020/06/when-i-look-at-you-do-you-see-me-painter-amoako-boafo-urges-us-to-consider-the-complexities-of-blackness/ "'When I look at you, do you see me?' Painter Amoako Boafo urges us to consider the complexities of blackness".] ''Document Journal''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref><ref>[https://hirshhorn.si.edu/news/press-release/hirshhorn-announces-over-80-acquisitions-by-48-modern-and-contemporary-artists/ "Hirshhorn Announces Over 80 Acquisitions by 48 Modern and Contemporary Artists"]. ''Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden | Smithsonian''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> == Ditshupo == === Tsa setlhopha === * Ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le bobedi. Certeza. Espacio SOLO - Coleccion SOLO (Madrid, Spain). ditshupo tsa Sitting on the Sun (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe) === Tsa a le nosi === * Ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le bone. Proper Love, Belvedere Museum, (Vienna, Austria) * Ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano. I Do Not Come To You By Chance, Gagosian Gallery (London, UK) == Temogo == * Ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa - seetsele sa baatlhodi, mpho ya botaki ya Walter Koschatzky<ref>[http://www.mbartsandculture.org/amoako-boafo-cobalt-blue-earring/ "Amoako Boafo Cobalt Blue Earring – MB Arts & Culture".] Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref><ref>Pendiuk, Patrick (16 February 2021). [https://www.gq-magazin.de/mode/artikel/amoako-boafo-dior-men-interview "Amoako Boafo für Dior Men: 'Die Darstellung von Solidarität war nie wichtiger als jetzt'".] ''GQ Germany'' (in German). Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> * Ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe - seetsele sa mafatshefatshe sa STRABAG sa botaki<ref>[https://www.robertsprojectsla.com/news/amoako-boafo-receives-the-2019-strabag-artaward-international "Amoako Boafo Receives the 2019 STRABAG Artaward International - News - Roberts Projects LA".] ''www.robertsprojectsla.com''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> == Thekiso ya botaki == Boafo o emetswe ke Mariane Ibrahim Gallery kwa Chicago le Roberts Projects kwa Los Angeles. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le motso, botaki jwa gagwe jwa Hands UP (jwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi) bo rekisitswe ka didikadike di le masome a mabedi le borataro le metso e supa kwa Christie's kwa Hong Kong.<ref>Angelica Villa (December 2, 2021), [https://www.artnews.com/art-news/market/christies-hong-kong-evening-sale-2021-1234611838/ Records for Amoako Boafo, Avery Singer, Bernard Buffet Set in Christie’s $192 M. Hong Kong Evening Sale ''ARTnews''.]</ref> == Metswedi == if17eh3apukg4h376vo0qyfix1gzu5k 0 15264 55618 2026-09-25T08:55:13Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342307045|Vivian E. J. Cook]]" 55618 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vivian E. J. Cook''' (O tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1889-1977) e ne e le morutabana wa Moamerika le molweladitshwanelo. E ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika- Amerika kwa Baltimore go nna le maemo a botsamaisi kwa sekolong se segolwane. == Botshlo jwa gagwe == Cook o tsholetsweng kwa Collierville, kwa Tennessee ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola borataro, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borataro (1889) . <ref name="Stuckey1">{{Cite web |last=Stuckey |first=Sterling |title=Cook, Vivian E. J. |url=https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-34875://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-34875 |access-date=2 February 2021 |website=Oxford African American Studies Center |language=en}}</ref> Batsadi ba gagwe, e bong Caroline Alley le Spencer Johnson, ka bobedi ba ne ba tsholelwa mo bokgobeng. Caroline Alley o ne a nna morutabana wa ntlha wa sekolo sa Moaforika wa Amerika kwa Fayette County, Tennessee mme barwadie ba le bane, go akaretsa le Vivian ba ne ba bona dithuto tse dikgolwane. <ref name="Onofrio">{{Cite book |last=Onofrio |first=Jan |date=January 2000 |title=Tennessee Biographical Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zyw4bSvQxJUC&dq=Vivian+E.+J.+Cook&pg=PA207 |publisher=Somerset Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-0-403-09700-5 |pages=207–209 |language=en}}</ref> Cook o ne a aloga kwa Sekolong se setona sa Howard ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bobedi (1912). O simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya borutabana kwa Lekalaneng la Tuskegee . Morago ga moo o ne a fudugela kwa Cincinnati, Ohio mme go tswa koo a fudugela kwa St. Louis,Missouri kwa a neng a ruta teng kwa Sekolong se Segolwane sa Sumner . <ref name="Onofrio" /> O amogetse dithuto tsa gagwe tsa master's degree kwa Sekolong se setona sa Columbia ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bosupa (1917). <ref name="Black Artists in the Museum">{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Dana |date=5 December 2017 |title=Vivian Cook: Educator and Activist |url=https://black-artists-in-the-museum.com/2017/12/05/vivian-cook-educator-and-activist/ |access-date=2 February 2021 |website=Black Artists in the Museum |language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le borataro (1918) o ne a nyala Ralph Victor Cook mme banyalani bao ba ne ba fudugela kwa Baltimore, Maryland. <ref name="Onofrio" /> Kwa Baltimore, Cook o ne a bereka e le morutabana, mothusa mogokgo e bile e le mogokgo kwa dikolong di le mmalwa mo toropong go akaretsa le Sekolo se Segolwane sa Frederick Douglass, Sekolo se Segolwane sa Booker T. Washington, Sekolo se Segolwane sa Dunbar, Sekolo se Segolwane sa Harvey Johnson le sekolo e segolwane sa Morgan State . <ref name="Black Artists in the Museum" /> Cook e ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika - Amerika kwa Baltimore go nna le maemo a botsamaisi kwa sekolong se segolwane. <ref name="Onofrio" /> Cook o ne a le matlhagatlhaga mo ditlhopheng tsa loago le tsa go buelela kwa Baltimore go akaretsa le Kgaolo ya Epsilon Omega ya [[:en:Alpha_Kappa_Alpha|Alpha Kappa Alpha,]] kgaolo ya Baltimore ya Mokgatlho waNational Association of College Women, le mokgatlho wa Philomathean. Ka ngwagaw a sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borobabobedi( 1938) Cook o ne a le mo komitingpotlana ya Maaforika-Amerika ya Komiti ya Toropo ya [[:en:Baltimore_Museum_of_Art|Baltimore Museun of Ar]]<nowiki/>t ( BMA ) koo a neng a buelela gore go nne le karolo ya thuto mo ditshupo sa tsa ngwaga wa selete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borobabongwe (1939) ''tsa Contemporary Negro Art'' . Gape o ne a dirisana le motlhokomedi wa ditiro tsa mokgatlho wa BMA tse di neng di tlhomolola botaki jwa Maaforika le Maamerika . <ref name="Onofrio" /> <ref name="Black Artists in the Museum" /> Cook o ne a bereka le Lekgotla la Banni la Tirisanommogo ya Basadi go rulaganya gore BMA e reke [[:en:Dox_Thrash|Dox Thrash]] watercolor ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bongwe (1941), le go reka Jacob Lawrence watercolor ka ngwaag wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borataro (1946). <ref name="Collecting at the BMA">{{Cite web |date=17 November 2017 |title=Collecting at the BMA |url=https://black-artists-in-the-museum.com/objects/ |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=Black Artists in the Museum |language=en}}</ref> Cook o ne a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi, ngwaag wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977) <ref name="Stuckey2">{{Cite book |last=Stuckey |first=Sterling |year=2000 |title=Cook, Vivian E. J. (1889-1977), educator |url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0901117 |work=American National Biography |isbn=978-0-19-860669-7 |language=en |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0901117 |access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref> kwa Baltimore. Dipampiri tsa gagwe di bolokilwe kwa Sekolong se setona sa Howard. <ref name="MSRC">{{Cite journal |last=Staff |first=MSRC |date=1 October 2015 |title=COOK, Vivian Johnson |url=https://dh.howard.edu/finaid_manu/43 |journal=Manuscript Division Finding Aids |publisher=Howard University |access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] no4ytc4scy30hj02co1fybuz42ouc9k 55619 55618 2026-09-25T08:59:36Z MmaBaggio 11091 55619 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vivian E. J. Cook''' (O tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1889-1977) e ne e le morutabana wa Moamerika le molweladitshwanelo. E ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika- Amerika kwa Baltimore go nna le maemo a botsamaisi kwa sekolong se segolwane. {{Infobox person|name=Vivian E. J. Cook|birth_name=Vivian Elma Johnson|birth_date={{birth date|1889|10|6|mf=y}}|birth_place=Collierville, Tennessee|death_date={{death date and age|1977|7|28|1889|10|6|mf=y}}|death_place=Baltimore, Maryland|education=Howard University, Columbia University|occupation=Morutabana|spouse(s)=Ralph Victor Cook}} == Botshlo jwa gagwe == Cook o tsholetsweng kwa Collierville, kwa Tennessee ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola borataro, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borataro (1889) . <ref name="Stuckey1">{{Cite web |last=Stuckey |first=Sterling |title=Cook, Vivian E. J. |url=https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-34875://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-34875 |access-date=2 February 2021 |website=Oxford African American Studies Center |language=en}}</ref> Batsadi ba gagwe, e bong Caroline Alley le Spencer Johnson, ka bobedi ba ne ba tsholelwa mo bokgobeng. Caroline Alley o ne a nna morutabana wa ntlha wa sekolo sa Moaforika wa Amerika kwa Fayette County, Tennessee mme barwadie ba le bane, go akaretsa le Vivian ba ne ba bona dithuto tse dikgolwane. <ref name="Onofrio">{{Cite book |last=Onofrio |first=Jan |date=January 2000 |title=Tennessee Biographical Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zyw4bSvQxJUC&dq=Vivian+E.+J.+Cook&pg=PA207 |publisher=Somerset Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-0-403-09700-5 |pages=207–209 |language=en}}</ref> Cook o ne a aloga kwa Sekolong se setona sa Howard ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bobedi (1912). O simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya borutabana kwa Lekalaneng la Tuskegee . Morago ga moo o ne a fudugela kwa Cincinnati, Ohio mme go tswa koo a fudugela kwa St. Louis,Missouri kwa a neng a ruta teng kwa Sekolong se Segolwane sa Sumner . <ref name="Onofrio" /> O amogetse dithuto tsa gagwe tsa master's degree kwa Sekolong se setona sa Columbia ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bosupa (1917). <ref name="Black Artists in the Museum">{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Dana |date=5 December 2017 |title=Vivian Cook: Educator and Activist |url=https://black-artists-in-the-museum.com/2017/12/05/vivian-cook-educator-and-activist/ |access-date=2 February 2021 |website=Black Artists in the Museum |language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le borataro (1918) o ne a nyala Ralph Victor Cook mme banyalani bao ba ne ba fudugela kwa Baltimore, Maryland. <ref name="Onofrio" /> Kwa Baltimore, Cook o ne a bereka e le morutabana, mothusa mogokgo e bile e le mogokgo kwa dikolong di le mmalwa mo toropong go akaretsa le Sekolo se Segolwane sa Frederick Douglass, Sekolo se Segolwane sa Booker T. Washington, Sekolo se Segolwane sa Dunbar, Sekolo se Segolwane sa Harvey Johnson le sekolo e segolwane sa Morgan State . <ref name="Black Artists in the Museum" /> Cook e ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika - Amerika kwa Baltimore go nna le maemo a botsamaisi kwa sekolong se segolwane. <ref name="Onofrio" /> Cook o ne a le matlhagatlhaga mo ditlhopheng tsa loago le tsa go buelela kwa Baltimore go akaretsa le Kgaolo ya Epsilon Omega ya [[:en:Alpha_Kappa_Alpha|Alpha Kappa Alpha,]] kgaolo ya Baltimore ya Mokgatlho waNational Association of College Women, le mokgatlho wa Philomathean. Ka ngwagaw a sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borobabobedi( 1938) Cook o ne a le mo komitingpotlana ya Maaforika-Amerika ya Komiti ya Toropo ya [[:en:Baltimore_Museum_of_Art|Baltimore Museun of Ar]]<nowiki/>t ( BMA ) koo a neng a buelela gore go nne le karolo ya thuto mo ditshupo sa tsa ngwaga wa selete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borobabongwe (1939) ''tsa Contemporary Negro Art'' . Gape o ne a dirisana le motlhokomedi wa ditiro tsa mokgatlho wa BMA tse di neng di tlhomolola botaki jwa Maaforika le Maamerika . <ref name="Onofrio" /> <ref name="Black Artists in the Museum" /> Cook o ne a bereka le Lekgotla la Banni la Tirisanommogo ya Basadi go rulaganya gore BMA e reke [[:en:Dox_Thrash|Dox Thrash]] watercolor ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bongwe (1941), le go reka Jacob Lawrence watercolor ka ngwaag wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borataro (1946). <ref name="Collecting at the BMA">{{Cite web |date=17 November 2017 |title=Collecting at the BMA |url=https://black-artists-in-the-museum.com/objects/ |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=Black Artists in the Museum |language=en}}</ref> Cook o ne a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi, ngwaag wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977) <ref name="Stuckey2">{{Cite book |last=Stuckey |first=Sterling |year=2000 |title=Cook, Vivian E. J. (1889-1977), educator |url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0901117 |work=American National Biography |isbn=978-0-19-860669-7 |language=en |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0901117 |access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref> kwa Baltimore. Dipampiri tsa gagwe di bolokilwe kwa Sekolong se setona sa Howard. <ref name="MSRC">{{Cite journal |last=Staff |first=MSRC |date=1 October 2015 |title=COOK, Vivian Johnson |url=https://dh.howard.edu/finaid_manu/43 |journal=Manuscript Division Finding Aids |publisher=Howard University |access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 7tm845vko4mwafpvc3ajq512x3wom56 0 15265 55620 2026-09-25T09:44:48Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Fatoumata Diawara #BLT2026 55620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Fatoumata Diawara|image=Fatoumata Diawara - Festival du Bout du Monde 2012 - 016.jpg|caption=Diawara a diragatsa ka ngwaga wa 2012|birth_date=Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le mots ngwaga wa 1982|birth_place=Ouragahio, [[Ivory Coast]]|occupation=Seopedi, modiragatsi}} '''Fatoumata Diawara''' (ka seRoma: '''Fatumta Jawara''', o o tshotsweng ka Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi) ke seopedi, mokwadi wa dipina le modiragatsi o o tlholegang kwa [[Mali]] mme ka jaana a nna kwa [[France]]. Diawara o simolotse tiro ya gagwe e le modiragatsi mo difiliming, di akaretsa ya Genesis (ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe), Sia, The Dream of the Python (ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi le motso) le Timbuktu (ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone). Morago o ne a simolola tiro ya go opela, a bereka le diopedi di le dintsi a ntsha di alebamo di le tharo a simolola ka ya ntlha ya Fatou ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso. Moopelo wa ga Diawara o kopanya wa kwa gae wa Wassoulou le methale ya mafatshefatshe. == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Diawara o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi kwa Ivory Coast, a tsholwa ke batsadi ba kwa Mali. Fa a gola o ne a busediwa kwa gae kwa Bamako kwa Mali go godisiwa ke mmangwanea gwe. Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi, Diawara o ne a fudugela kwa France go nna modiragatsi. O ne a boela Mali ka nakwana e khutshwane go tla go tshameka mo filiming, mme a tshabela gape kwa Paris go tila go patelediwa lonyalo ke ba lolwapa lwa gagwe.<ref>[http://fatoumatadiawara.com/la-biographie/ "Fatoumata Diawara: Biografie".] Fatoumata Diawara. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200228043412/http://fatoumatadiawara.com/la-biographie/ Archived] from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> == Difilimi le bodiragatsi == Morago ga go fudugela kwa France, Diawara o ne a tlhagelela mo filiming ya ga Cheick Oumar Sissoko ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe ya Genesis, ya ga Dani Kouyate ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi le motso e e bidiwang Sia, le motshameko o o itseng lefatshe ka bophara wa Royal de Luxe. O tshamekile gape e le moanelwamogolo mo motshamekong wa filimi ya mmino ya Kirikou et Karaba.<ref>Chabasseur, Eglantine. [https://musique.rfi.fr/anglais/musique/articles/112/article_8191.asp "Fatoumata Diawara Reinvented"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206191316/http://www.rfimusique.com/anglais/musique/articles/112/article_8191.asp|date=6 December 2011}}, RFI musique, 8 April 2009, accessed 25 September 2026</ref> Fa a tsweletse a dira moopelo, Diawara o tsweletse ka ditiragalo tsa bodiragatso, ka dikarolo di le dintsi, go tlhagelela le go nna le meopelo mo difiliming dingwe, di akaretsa Timbuktu, e e fentseng dietsele tsa Cesar di le supa le fo tlhophelwa fo gaisanela seetsele sa Academy ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone.<ref>Keslassy, Elsa (20 February 2015)[https://variety.com/2015/film/awards/abderrahmane-sissakos-timbuktu-wins-best-film-at-cesar-awards-1201437900/ . "'Timbuktu' Sweeps France's Cesar Awards".] ''Variety''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190719155054/https://variety.com/2015/film/awards/abderrahmane-sissakos-timbuktu-wins-best-film-at-cesar-awards-1201437900/ Archived] from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> == Tsa moopelo == Diawara o ne a ithuta go tshameka katara a simolola go kwala dipina tsa gagwe tse di kopanyang moopelo wa Wassoulou wa kwa borwa jwa Mali le mefuta e mengwe ya mafatshefatshe.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00vhwtf , BBC Radio 3,] 13 November 2010, accessed 25 September 2026</ref> O rile ke ene motho wa ntlha wa mme go tshameka katara ya motlakase a le nosi kwa [[Mali]].<ref>June 2020, Rod Brakes05 (5 June 2020). [https://www.guitarworld.com/features/fatoumata-diawara-when-i-started-to-play-guitar-it-resolved-everything-it-was-like-healing-my-soul "Fatoumata Diawara: "When I started to play guitar, it resolved everything. It was like healing my soul"".] ''Guitarist Magazine''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201126190441/https://www.guitarworld.com/features/fatoumata-diawara-when-i-started-to-play-guitar-it-resolved-everything-it-was-like-healing-my-soul Archived] from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Diawara o diragaditse kgotsa a gatisa le diopedi tse di tlotlegileng tsa kwa Mali le mafatshe a mangwe jaaka Cheick Tidiane Seck, Oumou Sangare,<ref>Cummings, Tim. [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/oumou-sangare-barbican-hall-london-1675073.html "Oumou Sangare, Barbican Hall, London"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182237/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/oumou-sangare-barbican-hall-london-1675073.html|date=26 December 2017}}, ''[[:en:The_Independent|The Independent]]'', 28 April 2009, accessed 25 September 2026</ref> Afrocubism<ref>Phillips, Glyn. "[https://www.worldmusic.co.uk/afrocubism_afrocubism AfroCubism]" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506190822/http://www.worldmusic.co.uk/afrocubism_afrocubism|date=6 May 2011}}, WorldMusic.co.uk, accessed 25 September 2026</ref>, Dee Dee Bridgewater (mo Red Earth: A Malian Journey)<ref>Stoudmann, Elisabeth. "Fatoumata Diawara: Nouvelle deesse malienne". ''Vibrations'', June 2011</ref>, le Orchestre Poly Rythmo de Cotonou<ref>Denselow, Robin. "[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/mar/24/orchestre-poly-rythmo-cotonou-club-review?INTCMP=SRCH Orchestre Poly-Rythmo: Cotonou Club]" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226130719/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/mar/24/orchestre-poly-rythmo-cotonou-club-review?INTCMP=SRCH|date=26 December 2017}}, ''The Guardian'', 24 March 2011, accessed 25 September 2026</ref>. Alebamo ya Kanui e ntshitswe ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso. O kwadile pina nngwe le nngwe<ref name=":1">McNicoll, Tracy (5 February 2013). "[https://www.newsweek.com/fatoumata-diawara-malian-singer-fights-back-against-islamists-63297 Fatoumata Diawara: A Malian Singer Fights Back Against Islamists"]. ''Newsweek''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201029092439/https://www.newsweek.com/fatoumata-diawara-malian-singer-fights-back-against-islamists-63297 Archived] from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> mo alebamong ya gagwe ya ntlha ya ya Fatou go tswa kwa World Circuit Records e e ntshitsweng ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso.<ref>Denselow, Robin (15 September 2011). [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/sep/15/fatoumata-diawara-fatou-review "Fatoumata Diawara: Fatou – review".] ''The Guardian''. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140715105814/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/sep/15/fatoumata-diawara-fatou-review Archived] from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref>(Nonesuch Records e ntshitse alebamo mo maranyaneng kwa Amerika Bokone ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso, le alebamo ya Fatou ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130914031319/http://www.nonesuch.com/artists/fatoumata-diawara "Fatoumata Diawara".] Nonesuch.com. Archived from [https://www.nonesuch.com/artists/fatoumata-diawara the original] on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi, Diawara o ne a tsaya karolo mo letsholong le le neng le bidiwa dipina di le masome a mararo mo malatsing a le masome mararo (30 songs / 30 days) go ema nokeng porojeke ya Half the Sky, e e neng e rotloeditswe ke buka ya ga Nicholas Kristof le Sheryl WuDunn.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121014103757/http://www.halftheskymovement.org/blog/entry/30-songs-30-days-for-half-the-sky1 "30 Songs / 30 Days for Half the Sky &#x7C; Half the Sky"]. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi ene le Damon Albarn, Rokia Traore, Baaba Maal, Amadou & Mariam, Nicolas Jaar le the Noisettes mo go ba bangwe ba ne ba pagama terena ya Africa Express, moletlo o ne wa diragadiwa kwa lefelong le le tsenyang batho ba le dikete di le nne le botlhano kwa Kings Cross kwa Fatoumata a neng a diragatsa le Paul McCartney teng.<ref>Jonze, Tim (8 September 2012). [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/sep/09/africa-express-finale-concert-london?intcmp=ILCMUSTXT9389 "The African journey is over – but what an amazing ride".] ''The Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150610220209/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/sep/09/africa-express-finale-concert-london?intcmp=ILCMUSTXT9389 Archived] from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Diawara o feditse dingwaga tsa mo bosheng a tsaya loeto mo lefatsheng,<ref>[https://www.bandsintown.com/FatoumataDiawara/past_events "Past Dates".] Bands in Town. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140503031348/http://www.bandsintown.com/FatoumataDiawara/past_events Archived] from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> ka tiragatso ya maemo a ntlha ya batho ba ba buang puo ya sekgoa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le boraro kwa moletlong wa Glastonbury.<ref>Morgan, Andy (18 June 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/jun/18/mali-comes-to-glastonbury "Mali hits Glastonbury: Rokia Traoré, Fatoumata Diawara and more"]. ''The Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140503040917/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/jun/18/mali-comes-to-glastonbury Archived] from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Ga mmogo le ditiro tse dingwe, lenaneo la gagwe le mo isitse kwa America borwa, Asia le Australia<ref>[https://www.bandsintown.com/ "Past Events"]. Bands in Town. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140503030547/http://www.bandsintown.com/FatoumataDiawara/past_events?page=4 Archived] from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> ga mmogo le maeto a mantsi go ya US, kwa ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le boraro a neng a diragatsa le The Roots e le bontlha jwa lenaneo la Clinton Global Initiative kwa New York.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130927121218/http://www.clintonglobalinitiative.org/ourmeetings/2013/clinton_global_citizen_awards.asp "2013 Clinton Global Citizen Awards".] Clinton Global Initiative. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone o le fa gare o berekile le Roberto Fonseca, ba diragatsa gape ba gatisa alebamo ya At Home - Live in Marciac. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone, o diragaditse gape le Mayra Andrade le Omara Portuondo. Ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano o ne a diragatsa e le seopedi se se tumileng sa mafatshefatshe kwa Mali, lefatshe la ga gabo, moletlo wa sur le Niger<ref>Pryor, Tom. [https://www.afropop.org/22280/festivalsurleniger2015/ "Field Report: Festival Sur Le Niger 2015".] Afropop Worldwide. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044536/http://www.afropop.org/22280/festivalsurleniger2015/ Archived] from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> kwa Segou, kwa a neng a kopanela serala gape le tsala ya gagwe gape e le morutuntshi wa gagwe Oumou Sangare, Bassekou Kouyate, le ba bangwe ba Mali. Diawara o ne a akareditswe mo pineng ya Gorillaz ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi ya Desole, e morago e neng ya tlhagelela mo alebamong ya bone ya Song Machine, Season One: Strange Timez.<ref>Blistein, Jon (27 February 2020). [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/gorillaz-fatoumata-diawara-new-song-desole-song-machine-958067/ "Gorillaz Team With Malian Star Fatoumata Diawara for New Song 'Désolé'".] ''Rolling Stone''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> O diragaditse moletlo wa Tiny Desk ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi.<ref>O'Neill, Abby (3 February 2022). [https://www.npr.org/2022/02/03/1076174800/fatoumata-diawara-tiny-desk-home-concert "Fatoumata Diawara: Tiny Desk (Home) Concert".] ''NPR''.</ref> Moragonyana ngwaga one o o, o ne a gatisa alebamo ya maliba, e tlhamilwe e le pina ya porojeke ya Google Arts and Culture go tsena dikwalo tse di kwa Timbuktu mo maranyaneng. Alebamo e ne ya supiwa ke The Eonomist fa e le tiro ya go somarela ngwao go tswa mo mongweng wa batho ba maina a a itsegeng thata mo mminong wa Aforika.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/culture/2022/12/01/the-best-albums-of-2022 "The best albums of 2022"], ''The Economist'' (1 December 2022).</ref> === Mothale === A itsege ka lentswe le le monate,<ref>Forgan, Kat. "Staff Brenda Bilili". "Songlines", July 2011, p. 104-105.</ref> Diawara o opela thata ka puo ya Bambara, puo ya kwa Mali, o ikaegile ka ngwao ya dipina tsa kgakololo go tswa mo ngwaong ya bagolwagolwane ba gagwe kwa kgaolong ya Wassoulou.<ref name=":2">[https://worldmusiccentral.org/2020/02/18/singer-and-guitarist-fatoumata-diawara-to-perform-in-new-york-city/ "Singer and Guitarist Fatoumata Diawara to Perform in New York City | World Music Central.org".] 18 February 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200422180531/https://worldmusiccentral.org/2020/02/18/singer-and-guitarist-fatoumata-diawara-to-perform-in-new-york-city/ Archived] from the original on 22 April 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Mo dipineng tsa gagwe, Diawara o itebagantse le dikgang tsa botlhoko jwa go fuduga mo lefatsheng la gago o ya go nna kwa go le lengwe; letlhoko la go tlotlana; dikgwetlho tsa basadi ba Aforika; botshelo mo molaong wa tumelo; le go kgaolwa dirwe tsa bosadi ga basadi.<ref name=":2" /> Pina nngwe e e kayang se a itebagantse le sone ke ya "Mali-ko", pina ya metsotso e supa le setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego se se kgalang ntwa ya bokone jwa Mali e gwetlha gore go nne le popagano go emisa letlhoo kgatlhanong le morafe o monnye wa Tuareg o bangwe ba o supang ka monwana go bo o bakile ntwa e.<ref name=":1" /> Diawara o ne a bua se ka pina e, "ke ne ke tlhoka go goa ka pina e, 'tsogang! re latlhegelwa ke Mali! re latlhegelwa ke ngwao ya rona, ditso tsa rona, kwa re tswang teng, kwa re tlholegang teng!".<ref name=":1" /> == Temogo le dietsele == O ne a amogela ditlhopho tse pedi tsa seetsele sa masome a marataro le motso sa ngwaga le ngwaga sa Grammy Awards ka alebamo e e gaisitseng ka alebamo ya fento le kgatiso ya mmino e e gaisitseng ka pina ya "Ultimatum" e a neng a akareditswe mo go yone ke setlhopha sa Disclosure.<ref>[https://www.grammy.com/news/2019-61st-annual-grammy-awards-nominations-complete-nominees-and-winners-list/ "61st GRAMMY Awards: Full Nominees & Winners List".] ''GRAMMY.com''. 7 December 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190210002846/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/2019-grammy-awards-complete-nominations-list Archived] from the original on 10 February 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> == Metswedi == asaxaftw2a7pl4t7sex95jwlvgzwfdw 0 15266 55621 2026-09-25T10:23:19Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Ekow Barnes #BLT2026 55621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Ekow Barnes|image=Barnes in Accra (2021).jpg|caption=Senepe sa ga Ekow|birth_place=Accra, Ghana|birth_name=Richmond Ekow Barnes|education=Ghana Secondary Technical School; Bluecrest College|occupation=Mokwadi wa tsa kapari}} '''Richmond Ekow Barnes''', o itseeng gape ka leina la '''Ekow Barnes''', ke mokwadi wa kapari wa kwa Ghana o o tlhamang diteng tsa kapari go kgabaganya [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref>Mensah, Ernest Aboagye (2021-04-22). [https://kuulpeeps.com/2021/04/22/richmond-ekow-barnes-not-a-mere-man-but-a-powerful-experience/people "Richmond Ekow Barnes: Not A Mere Man, But A Powerful Experience".] ''Kuulpeeps - Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref><ref>Boateng, Benewaah (2020-10-29). [https://www.complex.com/music/a/benewaah-boateng/inside-ghana-asakaa-drill-scene "Going Global: Inside Ghana's Burgeoning Drill Scene".] ''Complex''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref><ref>Nwosu, Amarachi (2016-12-12). [https://www.okayafrica.com/this-fashion-editorial-challenges-what-it-means-to-be-an-african-man/239764 "This Fashion Editorial Challenges What It Means To Be An African Man".] ''OkayAfrica''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Ekow Barnes o tsholetswe kwa kgaolong e e kwa bophirima jwa Ghana, a tsena sekolo sa tiro ya diatla sa Ghana Secondary Technical School. O tsene sekolo gape kwa Bluecrest University College, kwa a alogileng ka Bachelor of Arts ya Public Relations le Image Management.<ref>[https://www.morebranches.com/fourteen-exciting-creatives-lighting-up-the-year/ "Fourteen Exciting Creatives Lighting Up The Year".] ''MoreBranches''. 2021-09-24. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> == Tsa pereko == Barnes o simolotse tiro kwa Strategic Communications Africa e le moithui wa tiro. Ekow morago o ne a nna wa kapari kwa Will & Barnes kwa Accra. O berekile gape e le rabontle wa diaparo tse di farologaneng.<ref>Aboagye - Mensah (2021-09-09). [https://whencreativesconnect.com/2021/09/09/meet-ekow-barnes-the-face-of-the-african-creative-revolution/ "Ekow Barnes, The Face Of The African Creative Revolution".] ''Creatives Connect''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref><ref>Janelle, Door Ashlee (2021-07-26). [https://www.elle.com/nl/lifestyle/a37127023/jongeren-reizen-ghana-reden/ "Steeds meer jongeren reizen naar Ghana. Dit is de reden waarom het land steeds populairder wordt".] ''ELLE'' (in Netherlands Dutch). Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref><ref>Okwodu, Janelle (2019-06-26). [https://www.vogue.com/vogueworld/article/photographer-amarachi-nwosu-sankofa-photo-exhibhit-interview "Meet the Nigerian-American Photographer Tackling Fashion's Complicated Relationship With Race".] ''Vogue''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Barnes o gatisitse dintlha ka kapari di feta masome a mabedi mo dipampiring tsa dikgang le dibukana tsa di makasine go kgabaganya dikgaolo tsa lefatshe. O berekile mo diporojekeng di le dintsi tse di akaretsang dikompone di tshwana le Facebook, Burberry, Emirates, Mercedes Benz, Essence, Glamour Magazine,Uber, Chiip 0 Neal, le tse dingwe.<ref>[https://gq.co.za/style/style101/2018-11-07-five-unmissable-designs-at-lagos-fashion-week-as-seen-by-ekow-barnes/ "Five unmissable designs at Lagos Fashion Week: as seen by Ekow Barnes".] ''www.gq.co.za''. 2018-11-07. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Barnes mo bosheng o tlhamile letsholo la ditlhako tsa kgwele ya dinao tsa New Balance, a direla motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa kwa [[Senegal]] ebong Sadio mane kwa dikgaisanong tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi tsa AFCON kwa [[Cameroon]].<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/AFCON-2022-Ghanaian-creative-content-producer-Ekow-Barnes-produces-campaign-for-global-sportswear-brand-New-Balance-1451557 "AFCON 2022: Ghanaian creative content producer, Ekow Barnes, produces campaign for global sportswear brand, New Balance".] ''GhanaWeb''. 2022-01-23. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi, o ne a tlhama WB Group a na le ba bangwe, e le kompone e maikaelelo a yone e leng go rotloetsa batlhami ba [[Aferika|Aforika]] ka dikompone tsa mafatshefatshe.<ref>[https://gq.co.za/culture/entertainment/2022-12-01-ghanaian-writer-and-creative--producer-ekow-barnes-to-speak-at-bof-voices-2022/ "Ghanaian writer and creative producer, Ekow Barnes to Speak at BOF Voices 2022".] ''www.gq.co.za''. Retrieved 25 September 2026</ref> == Metswedi == je8ic85rfvo9ysb0w35o8226dwjy72t 0 15267 55622 2026-09-25T11:56:35Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372290264|Almira Kennedy Coursey]]" 55622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Almira Kennedy Coursey''' ( O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola ga tlhano, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bone - Go fitlha kgwedi ya Phatwe e le masome a mabedi le borataro, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borataro (1996 ) e ne e le molweladitshwanelo tsa banni le morulaganyi yo o neng a nna kwa Bedford-Stuyvesant kwa Brooklyn, New York . O itsege thata ka go buelela go tlhabololwa le go tlhabololwa sesha ga lefelo la [[:en:Herbert_Von_King_Park|Herbert Von King Park]] . == Botshelo jwa pele == Almira Kennedy Coursey o tshotswe O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola ga tlhano, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bone, kwa New Bern, Borone jwa Carolina ke Augustus T. le Juanita C. Kennedy <ref name=":0" /> O ne a le motona mo baneng ba le bane mme o ne a golela kwa Winston-Salem, kwa le ene a neng a tsena sekolo se segolwane teng. <ref name=":1" /> Coursey o tsene kwa Sekolong sa St. Augustine kwa Raleigh, mme a ithuta Seesemane le thutafatshe pele ga a aloga dithutego tsa degree ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bone (1934). <ref>{{Cite web |date=1931 |title=Sixty-Fourth Annual Catalogue of Saint Augustine's College |url=https://ia902902.us.archive.org/19/items/annualcatalogueo19301940/annualcatalogueo19301940.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2024 |website=Saint Augustine's College}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Coursey |first=Henrietta |title=Almira Kennedy Coursey |url=https://ourtimepress.com/almira-kennedy-coursey/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=Our Time Press}}</ref> Kwa St. Augustine, o ne a bereka e le mothusa mogolwane wa bomme mo sekolong, e leng tiro e a neng a e dira mo dingwageng tsotlhe tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo (1930). <ref name=":0" /> Coursey o ne a thusa gape go tlhama Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Baithuti ba Nako e e Fetileng wa St. Augustine, mme o ne a nna mokwaledi dingwaga di le lesome. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite news|pages=12}}</ref> Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo (1930), o ne a bereka e le morutabana kwa Clayton, North Carolina, mme a tlhama thulaganyo ya "Three W's" ya basetsana ba ba mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, e e neng e ruta ka ga boleng jwa bosadi, boitapoloso jo bo siameng, le go rata go direla.. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Herbert Von King Park: Almira Kennedy Coursey Amphitheatre |url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/herbert-von-king-park/highlights/19677 |access-date=January 12, 2024 |website=New York City Department of Parks & Recreation}}</ref> == Bolweladitshwanelo le tiro ya thuto kwa Brooklyn == Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane (1940), Coursey o ne a fudugela kwa Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, kwa a neng a bereka teng e le morutabana mme moragonyana a nna mothusamogokgo kwa Sekolong se Segolwane sa Macon, se gape se bidiwang Intermediate School 258. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bartlett |first=Jason T. |date=December 2014 |title=The Politics of Community Development of the Bedford-Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation |url=https://scholarshare.temple.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.12613/2584/TETDEDXBartlett-temple-0225E-11983.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=January 12, 2024 |website=Temple University Graduate Board}}</ref> O ne a kopana le Henry Ellis Coursey mme a mo nyala morago ga gore a goroge kwa New York, mme ba ne ba tswelela pele go nna le bana ba le bararo mmogo. <ref name=":0" /> Fa a ntse a ruta, gape o ne a bona dithutego tsa gagwe tsa master's degree tsa tsamaiso ya badiri kwa Sekolong sa Barutabana, Sekolo se setona sa Columbia . <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bone (1964), Coursey o ne a simolola go bereka le Lekgotla la Central Brooklyn Coordinating Council ( CBCC ), e leng kopano ya mekgatlho ya banni, dikereke, ditlhopha tsa ditshwanelo tsa banni, le mekgatlho ya diboloko e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Elsie Richardson . <ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Woodsworth |first=Michael |date=2016 |title=Battle for Bed-Stuy: the long war on poverty in New York City |url=https://archive.org/details/battleforbedstuy0000wood_m4s6/page/116/mode/2up?q=%22coursey%22 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-54506-9 |location=Cambridge (Mass.) |pages=1, 17}}</ref> Balweladitshwanelo ba bangwe ba basadi ba ba tumileng mo CBCC ba ne ba akaretsa Shirley Chisholm le Lucille Rose . Ka Komiti ya Phaka ya Tompkins e e neng e amana le yone, e gape e bidiwang Mokgatlho wa Boitapoloso le Ngwao wa Phaka ya Tompkins, Coursey o ne a rotloetsa toropo go tokafatsa Phaka ya ga Herbert Von King, e ka nako eo e neng e itsiwe e le Phaka ya Tompkins. Go buelela ga gagwe go ne ga feleletsa go dirile gore go agiwe Letamo la Kosciuszko, le le neng le tlhamilwe ke Morris Lapidus, mmogo le go tlhabololwa ga dikago tsa phaka le go okediwa ha Ntlo lehalahala ya Eubie Blake, lefelo la Herbert Von King Cultural Arts Cente, le masimo a Little League ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabongwe (1969). <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":2" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (1965), Coursey a direla mo khuduthamageng ya CBCC le setlhopha se se tshwaraganeg le CBCC<ref name=":2" />, Setlhopha sa Youth in Action (YIA <ref>{{Cite book |date=1970 |title=Agenda for a city: Issues confronting New York |url=https://archive.org/details/agendaforcityiss0000fitc/page/424/mode/2up?q=%22coursey%22 |publisher=Sage Publ |isbn=978-0-8039-0077-6 |editor-last=Fitch |editor-first=Lyle C. |location=Beverly Hills, Calif |pages=425 |editor-last2=Institute of Public Administration}}</ref> se moragonyana se neng sa nna Baetleetsi ba Banni, Inc. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":3" /> Morago ga nako ya go lwa le go rulaganngwa sešha kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (1960), e ne e le mongwe wa maloko a boto ya pele ya CBCC fela yo o neng a tsenela leloko la khuduthamaga la Koporasi ya Tsosoloso ya Bedford-Stuyvesant [[:en:Bedford_Stuyvesant_Restoration_Corporation|Bedford-Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation]]( R&R ), e leng koporasi ya bannii e e neng ya tlhamiwa ke Robert F. Kennedy le Thomas Jones . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Davies |first=Tom Adam |date=2013 |title=Black Power in Action: The Bedford-Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation, Robert F. Kennedy, and the Politics of the Urban Crisis |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44308761 |journal=The Journal of American History |volume=100 |issue=3 |pages=736–760 |doi=10.1093/jahist/jat537 |issn=0021-8723 |jstor=44308761 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref name=":2" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabobedi (1968), Coursey o ne a simolola go bereka e le mothusi mogolwane yo o kgethegileng wa Sekolo se setona sa New York, koo a neng a dira dithulaganyo tsa go thusa baithuti ba ba tllhokileng lesego mo sechabeng teng. <ref name=":0" /> Gape o ne a bereka kwa Ofising ya Merero ya Ditoropo , mme a bona kemonokeng ya lekalana la thuso ya madi la Mokgatlho wa tsa tshomarelo la Weeksville,(ociety For the Preservation of Weeksville) o jaanong o bidiwang <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weeksville_Heritage_Center" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Weeksville Heritage Center" class="cx-link" data-linkid="98">Weeksville Heritage Center</a> , ka sekgowa <ref name=":2" /> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Maynard |first=Joan |date=1983 |title=Weeksville, then & now : the search to discover, the effort to preserve, memories of self in Brooklyn, New York |url=http://archive.org/details/weeksvillethenno0000mayn |publisher=Brooklyn, N.Y. : Society for the Preservation of Weeksville & Bedford-Stuyvesant History |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 23, 1970 |title=Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Higher Education of the City of New York |url=https://policy.cuny.edu/policyimport/board_meeting_minutes/1970/11-23/document.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2024 |website=CUNY}}</ref> Coursey o ne a tswelela ka tiro ya gagwe ya go buelela batho go fitlha ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970), mme a nna leloko la dikomiti tsa toropo yotlhe tsa lehuma le thuto ka fa tlase ga botsamaisi jwa ga ratoropo e bong Robert F. Wagner le John Lindsay . <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> Coursey o ne a tlhokafala kwa Brooklyn ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borataro (1996). <ref name=":0" /> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011), lefelo la bobogelo le le kwa ntle kwa Herbert Von King Park le ne la tewa ka leina la gagwe go mo tlotla, mo moletlong o o neng o tsenetswe ke Mokhomišenara wa Diphaka le Boitapoloso wa Toropo ya New York, e bong Adrian Benepe, mmogo le maloko a Mokgatlho wa Boitapoloso le Setso wa Tompkins Park le ba ga Courrietta Heterrien. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2011 |title=Von King Park Amphitheater Named In Honor Of Community Leader Almira Kennedy Coursey |url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/herbert-von-king-park/pressrelease/21013 |access-date=January 12, 2024 |website=New York City Department of Parks & Recreation}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spellen |first=Suzanne |date=2012-08-09 |title=Walkabout: Brooklyn's Small Parks: Tompkins Park, Part 2 |url=https://www.brownstoner.com/brooklyn-life/walkabout-bklyns-small-parks-tompkins-park-pt-2/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=Brownstoner |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] bnfkobqzgc0jhgklyij6ojssycvw260