Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.22 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3563 56032 24956 2026-09-30T12:32:57Z Legodzomela 12497 EDITED USA PAGE 56032 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of United States.svg|thumb]] [[File:USA_orthographic.svg|thumb|right|250px]] [[File:Map of USA with state names.svg|center|450px|]] '''USA''' ke naga e e leng kwa borwa jwa [[Amereka]]. Pele ga e ka bidiwa United States of America e ne e bidiwa [[United Colonies]]<ref>https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/today-the-name-united-states-of-america-becomes-offici</ref>. Batsumi le baphuthi ba ne ba kgabaganya go tswa kwa kontinenteng ya Asia dikete tsa dingwa pele ba batho ba kwa Yuropa. [[Christopher Columbus]] o ne a fitlha kwa Kharibia ka 1492. <ref>https://www.catholictextbookproject.com/post/christopher-columbus-sets-sail-on-the-atlantic-august-3-1492?gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=19733662032&gbraid=0AAAAAClsLZh19EQ4WRk3wk9PlNKfgvnM8&gclid=Cj0KCQjw5vLVBhCiARIsAD56SFLHQYmGBz8fHzqLuT6novbmB5F7YLt-xVqiFdgiJGoE9gioDraql-oaAtwHEALw_wcB</ref> Borithane e ne ya simolola [[Jamestown]] e jaanong e itsegeng jaaka [[Virginia]] ka 1607 mme ya tlhoma dikoloni di le 13. <ref>https://www.history.com/articles/jamestown</ref> Ntwa ya Phetogo ya Amerika e e diileng gore go bonwe Pego ya Boikemedi ka di 4 Phukwi 1776 mme ba fenya ka 1783.<ref>https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/United-States-history/353888</ref> METSWEDI <references /> <gallery perrow="5"> United States Capitol west front edit2.jpg Image:Golden Gate Bridge Clear.JPG Image:0326New York City Statue of Liberty.JPG Image:Castillo de Disneyland.jpg </gallery> [[Karolo:DINAGA]] eol4nkttp82dhlinaqkt33vb4uhkyg7 0 4440 56045 54871 2026-09-30T14:11:48Z Muzi makama 12524 Created by translating the section "Production" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376419536|Banana]]" 56045 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Panana''' ke leungo le le telele le le jewang le le tlhagisiwang ka mefuta e le mmalwa ya dimela tse dikgolo tse di nang le malomo tse di tshwanang le <ref name="Morton-2013">{{Cite book |last=Morton |first=Julia F. |date=2013 |title=Fruits of warm climates |url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/banana.html#Other%20Uses |publisher=Echo Point Books & Media |isbn=978-1-62654-976-0 |pages=29–46 |chapter=Banana |oclc=861735500 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415160027/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/banana.html |archive-date=April 15, 2009 |url-status=live |via=www.hort.purdue.edu}}</ref> mofuta wa ''Musa'' . Mo dinageng dingwe, dipanana tse di apewang di bidiwa di-plantain, mme seno se di farologanya le '''dipanana tsa dijo tse di monate''' . Leungo le farologana ka bogolo, mmala le go tlhomama, fela gantsi le lelefaditswe le go kobega, ka e e boleta e e humileng ka setatšhe e e khurumeditsweng ka lekwati, le le ka nnang le mebala e e farologaneng fa le budule. E golela kwa godimo ka ditlhopha gaufi le bogodimo jwa sejalo. Mo e ka nnang dipanana tsotlhe tsa segompieno tse di jewang tse di jewang tse di senang peo ( parthenocarp ) di tswa mo mefuteng e mebedi ya naga – ''Musa acuminata'' le ''Musa balbisiana'', kgotsa metswako ya tsona . Lereo " panana " le dirisiwa gape le mo ditokololong tse dingwe tsa mofuta wa ''Musa'', jaaka panana e khibidu ( ''Musa coccinea'' ), panana e e pinki ( ''Musa velutina'' ) le dipanana tsa Fe'i . Ditokololo tsa mofuta wa ''Ensete'', jaaka panana ya kapoko ( ''Ensete glaucum'' ) le panana ya maaka e e botlhokwa mo ikonoming ( ''Ensete ventricosum'' ) ya Aforika ka dinako tse dingwe di a akarediwa . Mefuta ka bobedi e mo lelapeng la dipanana, Musaceae . Dijalo tsa banana di ka senngwa ke di-nematode tsa dipharasaete le disenyi tsa ditshenekegi, le go malwetse a fungi le dibakateria, nngwe ya a a maswe thata ke bolwetse jwa Panama jo bo bakiwang ke fungal ''ya Fusarium'' . Sigatoka e le e ntsho di tshosetsa ntshodikuno ya dipanana tsa Cavendish, mofuta o mogolo o o jewang kwa dinageng tsa Bophirima, e leng ''Musa acuminata'' ya dipoloite tse tharo . Batsadisi ba dijalo ba batla mefuta e mešwa, fela tseno di thata go tsadisiwa ka ntlha ya gore mefuta ya kgwebo ga e na peo. Go kgontsha tsadiso ya isago, germplasm ya banana e bolokwa mo dibankeng tse dintsi tsa dijini go ralala lefatshe. == Tlhaloso == Setlhare sa banana ke setlhare se segolo sa dithunya tsa tlhaga . <ref name="INIBAP-2000">{{Cite book |date=2000 |title=Bananas |url=http://www.musalit.org/pdf/info09.1_en.pdf |publisher=International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantains/[[International Plant Genetic Resources Institute]] |isbn=978-2-910810-37-5 |editor-last=Picq |editor-first=Claudine |edition=English |location=Montpellier |access-date=31 January 2013 |editor-last2=INIBAP |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411222515/http://www.musalit.org/pdf/info09.1_en.pdf |archive-date=11 April 2013}}</ref> Dikarolo tsotlhe tse di fa godimo ga mmu tsa sejalo sa panana di gola go tswa mo sebopegong se se bidiwang corm . [ 3 ] Dimela ka tlwaelo di telele e bile di tiile ka ponagalo e e tshwanang le setlhare, fela se se lebegang e le kutu tota ke pseudostem e e bopilweng ka ditlhaka tsa matlhare tse dintsi ( petioles ). Dipanana di gola mo mefuteng e e farologaneng ya mebu, fa fela e le bonnye {{Convert|60|cm|ft}} e e boteng, e na le kelelo e e siameng mme ga e a pitlagana. [ 4 ] Ke dimela tse di golang ka bonako, ka seelo sa kgolo ya matlhare a sheathing a a fitlhang go {{Convert|1.6|m|ft}} ka letsatsi; tlhogo e e nang le logong e moragonyana e ungwang maungo e gola ka iketlo. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Flindt |first=Rainer |date=2006 |title=Amazing Numbers in Biology |url=https://archive.org/details/amazingnumbersin0000flin |publisher=[[Springer Verlag]] |isbn=978-3-540-30146-2 |location=Berlin |page=149 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Matlhare a dimela tsa panana a bopilwe ka kutu ( petiole ) le legare ( lamina ) . Motheo wa petiole o atologa go bopa kgapetla; dikgapetla tse di pakilweng thata di dira pseudostem, e leng sone sotlhe se se tshegetsang sejalo. Dintlha tsa sheath di a kopana fa e tlhagisiwa la ntlha, mme seno se dira gore e nne le tšhupu. Jaaka fa kgolo e ntšhwa e diragala mo gare ga pseudostem, dintlha di a patelesega go kgaogana. [ 3 ] Dijalo tsa banana tse di lemilweng di farologana ka bogodimo go ikaegile ka mofuta le maemo a go gola. Bontsi bo ka nna {{Convert|5|m|ft}} boleele, ka mofuta wa dimela tsa ' Dwarf Cavendish ' ka bokana ka {{Convert|3|m|ft}} go ya go ' Michel yotlhe ' ka {{Convert|7|m|ft}} kgotsa go feta. <ref name="RHS-2023">{{Cite web |title=Musa acuminata 'Dwarf Cavendish' (AAA Group) (F) |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/56394/musa-acuminata-dwarf-cavendish-(aaa-group)-(f)/details |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423190414/https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/56394/musa-acuminata-dwarf-cavendish-(aaa-group)-(f)/details |archive-date=23 April 2023 |access-date=8 July 2024 |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |quote=Ultimate height 2.5–4 metres}}</ref> [ 7 ] . Matlhare a rulagantswe ka spiral mme a ka gola {{Convert|2.7|m|ft}} boleele le {{Convert|60|cm|ft}} bophara. <ref name="Morton-2013" /> Fa sejalo sa panana se godile, corm e emisa go ntsha matlhare a mašwa mme e simolola go bopa ntlha ya sethunya kgotsa thunya . Go tlhagelela kutu e e golang mo teng ga pseudostem, e rwele sethunya se se sa golang go fitlha kwa bofelong se tlhagelela kwa godimo. [ 3 ] Letlhare lengwe le lengwe la maaka ka tlwaelo le ntsha sethunya se le sengwe, se gape se itsiweng jaaka "pelo ya panana". Morago ga go ungwa, kutu ya maaka e a swa, fela dikala di tlaa bo di tlhagile go tswa mo motheong, gore sejalo ka kakaretso se nne se se sa feleng . [ 8 ] Inflorescence e na le di- bracts tse dintsi tse di tshwanang le diphetal fa gare ga mela ya malomo. Dithunya tse di namagadi (tse di ka golang go nna maungo) di tlhagelela ka mela go ya kwa godimo ga kutu (gaufi le matlhare) go tswa mo meleng ya dithunya tse ditonanyana. Mae a kwa tlase, go kaya gore matlhare a mannye le dikarolo tse dingwe tsa malomo di tlhagelela kwa ntlheng ya mae . [ 9 ] Maungo a panana a tlhoga go tswa mo ''pelong ya panana'', mo setlhopheng se segolo se se lepeletseng se se bidiwang ''setlhopha'', se se dirilweng ka dikarolo di ka nna robongwe tse di bidiwang ''diatla'', ka maungo a a ka fitlhang go 20 go ya kwa seatleng . Setlhopha se ka nna bokete jwa {{Convert|22|–|65|kg|lb}} . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Banana plant |url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/banana-plant |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Britannica}}</ref> Dintlha tsa kutu tsa maungo di golagana go fitlha kwa karolong ya rachis ya inflorescence. Go lebagana le ntlha ya kutu, ke ntlha ya sethunya, fa masalela a sethunya a fapogang popego go tswa mo nameng yotlhe e e mo teng ga lekwati. Leungo le tlhalositswe jaaka "moungo wa letlalo". <ref name="Smith-1977">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=James P. |date=1977 |title=Vascular Plant Families |url=https://archive.org/details/vascularplantfam00smit |publisher=Mad River Press |isbn=978-0-916422-07-3 |location=Eureka, California |url-access=registration}}</ref> Go na le llaga e e sireletsang ya kwa ntle (letlalo kgotsa letlalo) e e nang le dikgwele tse dintsi tse ditelele tse di sesane ( vascular bundles ), tse di tsamayang ka boleele fa gare ga letlalo le nama e tshweu e e kafa teng e e jewang. Lekgapetla ga le monate thata mme gantsi le latlhiwa morago ga go obola leungo. Karolo e e ka fa gare ya mofuta o o tlwaelegileng wa dijo tse di monate tse di serolwana e ka kgaoganngwa ka boleele go nna dikarolo tse tharo tse di tsamaelanang le dikarolo tse di ka fa gare tsa di-carpel tse tharo ka go senya leungo le le sa bulwang ka diatla. <ref name="Warkentin-2004">{{Cite web |last=Warkentin |first=Jon |year=2004 |title=How to make a Banana Split |url=http://umanitoba.ca/outreach/crystal/Grade%209/Cluster%201/S1-1-07%20-%20How%20to%20make%20a%20Banana%20Split%20-%20Demonstration%20and%20Investigation.doc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729203916/http://umanitoba.ca/outreach/crystal/Grade%209/Cluster%201/S1-1-07%20-%20How%20to%20make%20a%20Banana%20Split%20-%20Demonstration%20and%20Investigation.doc |archive-date=July 29, 2014 |access-date=July 21, 2014 |publisher=[[University of Manitoba]]}}</ref> Mo mefuteng e e lemilweng, dipeo tse di nonneng gantsi ga di yo. <ref name="Simmonds-1962">{{Cite journal |last=Simmonds |first=N.W. |date=1962 |title=Where our bananas come from |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ooQ6YhL3rtMC&pg=PA36 |url-status=live |journal=[[New Scientist]] |volume=16 |issue=307 |pages=36–39 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608124433/http://books.google.com/books?id=ooQ6YhL3rtMC&lpg=PA1&pg=PA36 |archive-date=June 8, 2013 |access-date=June 11, 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=De Langhe |first=Edmond |date=30 July 2009 |title=Relevance of Banana Seeds in Archaeology |url=http://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/vol7/i1547-3465-07-271.pdf |journal=Ethnobotany Research and Applications |volume=7 |pages=271–281 |doi=10.17348/era.7.0.271-281 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203124613/https://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/vol7/i1547-3465-07-271.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2023 |access-date=July 8, 2024}}</ref> == Tlhabololo == Mofuta wa Musa o tlhamilwe ke Carl Linnaeus ka ngwaga wa 1753. Leina leno le ka tswa le tswa mo go Antonius Musa, ngaka ya ga Augustus kgotsa Linnaeus e ka tswa e tseile lefoko la se Arabo le le kayang panana, Mauz. Tshimologo ya bofelo ya musa e ka tswae le mo dipuong tsa Trans-New Guinea, tse di nang le mafoko a a tshwanang le "#muku"; go tswa moo leina leno le adimilwe ke dipuo tsa Austronesia le Asia ka bophara, le tsamaisana le temo ya panana jaaka e ne e tlisiwa mo mafelong a mashwa ka puo ya Dravidian ya India e tsena mo Arabo jaaka Wanderwort. Go aroganngwa ga dipanana tse di lemilweng ga go bolo go nna kgang e e nang le mathata mo go baitseanape ba di-taxonomist. Linnaeus o ne a kgaoganya dipanana mo mefuteng e mebedi go ikaegilwe fela ka tiriso ya tsona jaaka dijo: ''Musa sapientum'' ya dipanana tsa dijo tse di monate le ''Musa paradisiaca'' ya dipolante . Go ne ga okediwa ka maina a mangwe a mefuta, fela mokgwa ono o ne wa itshupa o sa lekana mo palong ya mefutapeo mo bogareng jwa konokono jwa mefutafuta ya mofuta, Borwabotlhaba jwa Asia. Bontsi jwa mefuta e e ne ya fiwa maina a moragonyana a neng a fitlhelwa e le makaelagongwe . [ 23 ] == Production == Ka 2018 , dipanana di romelwa kwa dinageng tse dingwe ka dikarolo tse golo go feta maungo a ma nngwe go ya ka palo. Ka ngwaga wa 2022 tlhagiso ya lefatshe ya dipanana e ne e le ditone di le dimilione di le 179, e eteletswe pele ke India le China ka palo e e kopaneng ya 26% ya tlhagiso ya lefatshe. Batlhagisi ba bangwe ba bagolo e ne e le Uganda, Indonesia, Philippines, Nigeria le Ecuador. palo gotlhe ya diromelwantle tsa lefatshe e ne e le ditone di le dimilione di le 20 tsa dipanana le ditone di le 859,000 tsa di-plantain. Ecuador le Philippines e ne e le baromelantle ba ba eteletseng pele ka ditone di le dimilione di le 5.4 le 3.3 , ka go latelana , mme Dominican Republic e ne e le baromelantle ba ba eteletseng pele ba di-plantain ka ditone di le 210,350. 3ofziyza4wmph3aryyi805lv5rzoe81 2 12754 56070 54355 2026-09-30T20:41:03Z Nqobile1270 12503 56070 wikitext text/x-wiki leina la ka ke Nqobile [[Modirisi:Nqobile1270/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Modirisi:Nqobile1270/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[Modirisi:Nqobile1270/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Modrisi:Nqobile1270/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[Modirisi:Nqobile1270/Draft 5|Draft 5]] [[Modirisi:Nqobile1270/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[Modirisi:Nqobile1270/Draft 7|Draft 7]] [[Modirisi:Nqobile1270/Draft 8|Draft 8]] [[Modirisi:Nqobile1270/Draft 9|Draft 9]] [[Modirisi:Nqobile1270/Draft 10|Draft 10]] 3qa4helx2j7n8t7rc8cnjtbq6tgov3i 2 12756 56052 55389 2026-09-30T14:40:19Z ~2026-52438-05 13227 huih 56052 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Tayo Ricci. [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] [[Draft 2]] rm9hwngsscty2x5p5os9pkqfcl5cscq 56053 56052 2026-09-30T14:46:44Z ~2026-52438-05 13227 uhui 56053 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Tayo Ricci. [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] [[Draft 2]] Draft 1 23jp2oosoau32ytczoiks0pwrm04xci 56054 56053 2026-09-30T14:47:52Z ~2026-52438-05 13227 iuhhu 56054 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Tayo Ricci. [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 1]] [[Draft 2]] [[Draft 1|Draft 5]] fz6wn9n3pcdd8o7rogp5rlrxit3r4oj 0 14149 56037 51681 2026-09-30T13:23:27Z Legodzomela 12497 edited page 56037 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Saint John''' ke nngwe ya dinoka tse thataro tse dikgolo mo nageng ya lefatshe la [[Liberia]] e e kwa Aforika Bophirima. Noka eno e e simololang kwa lefatshe la [[Guinea]] e e bapileng le yone, e elela kwa borwabophirima go ralala Liberia mme e elela mo lewatleng la Atlantic kwa Bassa Cove gaufi le Edina kwa [[Grand Bassa County.]] Noka e e boleele jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a supa le boraro e na le kgogometso ya metsi e e akaretsang disekwerekilometara di le 16,157.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240117234333/http://twap-rivers.org/indicators/ "River Basins".] Archived from the original on 2024-01-17. Retrieved 2024-01-29.</ref> == Tsela == Motswedi wa noka eno o kwa Nimba Range ya Guinea Highlands mo nageng ya Guinea mme e elela kwa borwa go ya kwa molelwaneng wa Liberia.<ref name=":0">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/517385/Saint-John-River Saint John River]. (2008). ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved on September 24, 2008.</ref>Gaufi le Yalata, Guinea e simolola go bopa molelwane magareng ga Guinea le Bong County kwa Liberia.<ref name=":1">[https://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=6.219743,-9.75174&spn=0.660757,1.757813&t=h&z=10 "Liberia".] Google Maps. Retrieved 2008-10-27</ref>E elela kwa borwa, mme e dira molelwane wa boditšhaba ka 9.6 km (6 miles). Kwa Niatande, kwa [[Liberia]], e kopana le Noka ya Mani mme e tsene mo Liberia, e dira molelwane magareng ga dikgaolo tsa Bong le Nimba.<ref name=":1" />Noka e elela go ya kwa borwabophirima mo sekgaleng sa dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga e retologela kwa borwabotlhaba mo sekgaleng sa dikilometara di le lesome le borobabongwe .<ref name=":1" />Gaufi le Zahn e tsaya noka e potlana ya Yah, mme e bo e retologela kwa borwabophirima gape.<ref name=":1" /> Morago ga dikilometara tse di ka nnang masome a mabedi le bone e simolola go bopa molelwane magareng ga dikgaolo tsa Bong le Grand Bassa mme e bo e retologela kwa bophirima ka dikilometara tse di ka nnang lesome le borataro (10 miles).<ref name=":1" />Noka e tswelela go ya kwa borwabophirima, mme morago ga dikilometara di ka nna masome a mararo e tsena mo Grand Bassa County.<ref name=":1" />Morago ga dikilometara di le lesome le boraro e ya kwa borwa dikilometara di lelesome le boraro e bo e boela kwa borwabophirima dikilometara di ka nna lesome le borataro. <ref name=":1" />Gaufi le Shoigabli e retologela kwa borwa mo e ka nnang 9 miles (14 km) kwa e fetang Mount Finley mme e retologela kwa bophirima mme e elela kwa borwabophirima mo e ka nnang 14.5 km (9 miles).<ref name=":1" />Fa gare ga Zoblum le Alfabli Saint John e a atologa e bo e elela go ya kwa bokone bophirima mo e ka nnang 3 miles (4.8 km) pele e leba kwa bophirima mo e ka nnang mile go ya kwa Hartford. <ref name=":1" />Noka e bo e ya kwa borwabophirima mo sekgaleng sa yone sa bofelo sa 10.5 km (6.5 miles).<ref name=":1" />Fano e amogela dinoka tsa Mechlin le Benson jaaka e tshologela mo Lewatleng la Atlantic gaufi le Edina le Buchanan.<ref name=":0" /> == Dintlha == Metsi a noka a na le bogolo jwa 14,762 square kilometres (5,700 mi2) mo Liberia le Guinea.<ref name=":2">[http://www.lr.undp.org/State%20of%20the%20environment%20report%20final.pdf First State of the Environment Report for Liberia – 2006.] Archived 2009-04-11 at the Wayback Machine United Nations Development Programme. 2006, p. 37. Retrieved on October 19, 2008.</ref>Ka boleele jwa dikilometara di le 282, ke nngwe ya dinoka tse thataro tse dikgolo tsa Liberia.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Go na le dinoka di le lesome le borataro fela mo nageng yotlhe. <ref>Wiles, David L. [http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/meetings/application/pdf/20050419wiles.pdf Coastal Zone Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in Liberia.] Environmental Protection Agency of Liberia. 2005.</ref>Palogare ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya go tswa ga metsi mo St. John ke 136.06 m3/s (4,805 cu ft/s) jaaka go lekanyeditswe kwa seteišeneng sa Baila.<ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110720121603/http://www.sage.wisc.edu/riverdata/scripts/station_table.php?qual=256&filenum=2183 "Liberia; Baila; St. John"]. ''Global River Discharge Database''. Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment. October 24, 2008. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved 2008-10-30.</ref>Ka nako ya dipula ka kgwedi ya Phalane, go na le palogare ya 233.49 m3/s (8,246 cu ft/s), fa ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka nako ya dipula tse di omileng go na le palogare ya 18.95 m3/s (669 cu ft/s) mo lefelong le le tshwanang.<ref name=":3" /> Molomo wa noka o dikilometara tse di ka nnangmasome a marataro kwa borwa le botlhaba jwa Saint Paul River gaufi le Monrovia.<ref name=":4">Stockwell, G. S., and J. W. Lugenbeel. [https://books.google.com/books?id=zj8UAAAAIAAJ&dq=St.%20John%20River%20liberia&pg=PA12 ''The Republic of Liberia: Its Geography, Climate, Soil and Productions With a History of Its Early Settlement''.] Barnes, 1868, p. 12.</ref>E elela kwa borwabophirima go tswa kwa motsweding wa yone go ya kwa lewatleng mme e na le diphefo tse di bofefo le diphororo. <ref name=":0" />Gaufi le lewatle noka e fitlha kwa ntlheng ya yone e e sephara e e ka nnang 1 mile (1.6 km) go ralala mme ke lefelo la Factory Island, e e kgolo go feta ditlhaketlhake tse dintsi mo nokeng.<ref name=":4" />Noka eno e ne ya newa leina la yone ke babatlisisi ba Bapotokisi ba lekgolo la bo lesome le botlhano la dingwaga ba ba neng ba bona molomo wa yone mo St. Letsatsi la moletlo wa ga Johane.<ref name=":0" /> == Ditshedi tsa mo metsing == Noka ya Saint John e na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditshedi tsa mo metsing mo lotshitshing lwa yone le go ralala dintshi tsa yone. Mefuta e mengwe e e fitlhelwang mo karolong e e kwa teng ya noka eno ke ya ''Slender-snouted Crocodile.''<ref>Kofron, Christopher P. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2559729 Status and Habitats of the Three African Crocodiles in Liberia], ''Journal of Tropical Ecology'', Vol. 8, No. 3 (Aug., 1992), pp. 265–273. Cambridge University Press</ref>Go na le bonnye mefuta e le masome a marataro le botlhano ya ditlhapi mo nokeng, go akaretsa mefuta ya ''Mastacembelidae, Barbus eburneensis, Chrysichthys johnelsi, Killifish, Electric catfish, Nile perch, le Tilapia'' gareng ga tse dingwe.<ref>[http://fish.mongabay.com/data/ecosystems/Saint%20John.htm Fish Species in Saint John]. Fishbase.org. Retrieved October 27, 2008.</ref>Dinonyane le tsona di dirisa dintshi tsa dinoka le ditlhaketlhake jaaka mafelo a go beela mae, go akaretsa ''Pangolin ya Di-cusped tse Tharo, Palaearctic, Sandpipers, Greenshanks, Little Ringed Plover, le Water Chevrotain mo lefelong la Kpatawee Wetlands'' mo Kgaolong ya Bong.<ref>[http://www.ramsar.org/wn/w.n.liberia_four_new.htm Liberia names four new Ramsar sites. Ramsar]. Retrieved on October 27, 2008.</ref> == Metswedi == d5qpol78vai2af0pe7p0svcfshba1h6 0 14482 56083 52967 2026-09-30T22:42:26Z P'kaytee 12489 Created by translating the section "Description" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375971555|Spotted hyena]]" 56083 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta).jpg|thumb|Kwa Etosha National Park, Namibia]] '''Phiri yo moramaga''' ( '''''Crocuta crocuta''''' ), yo gape a bidiwang [[phiri]] '''yo o tshegang''',<ref>Funk, Holger (2010). ''Hyaena: On the Naming and Localisation of an Enigmatic Animal''. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-640-69784-7|GRIN Verlag. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-3-640-69784-7</bdi>.]]</ref> ke losika lwa bo phiri, lo ka jaana lo tsewang e le lone fela lo lo leng teng lwa mofuta wa ''Crocuta'', lo lo tlholegang kwa Borwa jwa Aforika jwa Sahara. E kwadilwe jaaka e e sa tshwenyang thata ke IUCN ka ntlha ya mefuta e e anameng le palo e kgolo, e e fopholeditsweng magareng ga batho ba le dikete tse masome a mabedi le bosupa le go ya ko diketeng tse masome a mane le bosupa . Le fa go ntse jalo, mefuta e e farologaneng e itemogela go fokotsega kwa ntle ga mafelo a a sireleditsweng ka ntlha ya tatlhegelo ya bonno le go tsoma diphologolo.<ref name=":0">Bohm, T.; Höner, O.R. (2015). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/5674/45194782 "''Crocuta crocuta''"]. ''[[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2015''' e.T5674A45194782. [[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T5674A45194782.en]]. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</ref> Mefuta ya Crocuta, e gantsi e tsewang e le mofuta o o kwa tlase wa Crocuta crocuta, e e itsegeng jaaka [[diphiri tsa magaga,]] e ne ya kgarakgatshega go ralala Eurasia dingwaga di ka nna milione go fitlha kwa bokhutlong jwa Late Pleistocene.<ref name=":0" /> <ref>Varela, Sara (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426071500/http://paleobiogeography.org/uploads/assets/1_Varela_et_al_QSR_2010.pdf "Were the Late Pleistocene climatic changes responsible for the disappearance of the European spotted hyena populations? Hindcasting a species geographic distribution across time"] (PDF). ''Quaternary Science Reviews''. '''29''' (17–18): 2027–2035. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010QSRv...29.2027V 2010QSRv...29.2027V.] doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.04.017|10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.04.017]]. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2011.</ref>Phiri e e nang le marothontho ke leloko le legolo le le leng teng la Hyaenidae mme e farologana gape le mefuta e mengwe ka sebopego sa yona se se sa bonaleng sentle, <ref>{{Harvnb|Estes|1998|p=290}}</ref>ditsebe tse di kgolokwe, <ref>{{Harvnb|Rosevear|1974|pp=355–357}}</ref>mane e e sa bonaleng sentle, boya jo bo nang le mabala,<ref>{{Harvnb|Rosevear|1974|p=353}}</ref> meno a a nang le maikaelelo a mabedi,<ref>{{Harvnb|Macdonald|1992|pp=134–135}}</ref> dinko di le mmalwa, <ref>Drea CM, Frank LG (2003) The social complexity of spotted hyenas. In: ''Animal Social Complexity: Intelligence, Culture, and Individualized Societies'' (eds de Waal FBM, Tyack PL). pp. 121–148, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.</ref>le penis ya pseudo-penis. Ke yona fela phologolo e e amusang ya motlhana e e namagadi e nang le pseudo-penis mme e se na phatlha e e kwa ntle ya bosadi.<ref>Glickman SE, Cunha GR, Drea CM, Conley AJ and Place NJ. (2006). [http://courses.washington.edu/pbio509/Glickman_etal.pdf ''Mammalian sexual differentiation: lessons from the spotted hyena''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222022824/http://courses.washington.edu/pbio509/Glickman_etal.pdf|date=22 February 2013}} Trends Endocrinol Metab 17:349–356.</ref> Phiri e e nang le marontho ke yone e e lorato go gaisa Carnivora ka gore e na le bogolo jwa setlhopha se segolo le maitsholo a a siameng a tisisanommogo.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|Hofer|1998|p=34}}</ref> Boitsholo jwa yona wa loago ga o tshwane le wa diphologolo tse dingwe tse di jang nama, o tshwana thata le wa diphologolo tse di tshelang tsa cercopithecine (ditshwene le di-macaques) mabapi le bogolo jwa setlhopha, popego ya tatelano, le makgetlo a tirisanommogo ya loago mo gare ga ba losika le balekane ba setlhopha ba ba sa amaneng.<ref>Holekamp, KE; Sakai, ST; Lundrigan, BL (2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2346515 "Social intelligence in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)"]. ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B''. '''362''' (1480): 523–538. [[doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1993]]. PMC&#x20;2346515. PMID&#x20;17289649.</ref>Thulaganyo ya loago ya tshephe e e nang le marontho e gaisana phatlalatsa, ka phitlhelelo ya dipolao, ditšhono tsa go nyalana le nako ya go gasaganya ga banna go ikaegile ka bokgoni jwa go laola maloko a mangwe a lotso le go bopa dineteweke tsa balekane. Dinamagadi di tlamela fela bana ba tsone go na le go thusana, mme tse ditonanyana ga di bontshe tlhokomelo ya borre. Le fa go ntse jalo, tshephe e e marontho le yone e dirisana mmogo thata le balekane ba yone ba lotso; gantsi ba tsoma, ba ja, le go ikhutsa mmogo, le go dirisa bokgoni jwa bone jwa dipalo le jwa puisano go lwantsha mmaba yo o tshwanang.<ref>Cooke, Lucy (2018). ''The truth about animals: stoned sloths, lovelorn hippos, and other tales from the wild side of wildlife'' (First US&#x20;ed.). New York: Basic Books. p.&#x20;45. ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-465-09464-6|&#x20;<bdi>978-0-465-09464-6</bdi>.]]</ref>Setšhaba sa diphiri tse di nang le marontho ke sa bomme; tse di namagadi di dikgolo go feta tse ditonanyana mme di a di laola.<ref>{{Harvnb|Estes|1992|pp=337–338}}</ref> Phiri e e marontho ke phologolo e e atlegileng thata, ka e le phologolo e e tlwaelegileng thata e e jang nama e kgolo mo Afrika. Katlego ya yone e bakilwe ke go kgona go inaakanya le maemo le go dirisa tshono; ke motsomi thata mme gape e ka tlhotlhora, ka bokgoni jwa go ja le go sila letlalo, marapo le matlakala a mangwe a diphologolo. Ka tiriso, tshephe e e marontho e dirisa dilo tsa diphologolo ka tsela e e nang le matswela go gaisa diphologolo tsotlhe tse di jang nama tsa Aforika.<ref>{{Harvnb|Kingdon|1988|p=262}}</ref> Phiri e e nang le marontho e bontsha polasetiki e tona mo maitsholong a yona a go tsoma le go batla dijo go feta diphologolo tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di jang nama;<ref>{{Harvnb|Kingdon|1988|p=264}}</ref>e tsoma e le nosi, ka ditlhopha tse dinnye tsa batho ba le babedi go ya go ba le batlhano , kgotsa ka ditlhopha tse dikgolo. Ka nako ya go tsoma, gantsi diphiri tse di nang le marontho di taboga mo metlhapeng ya diphologolo tse di nang le dinala go tlhopha motho yo o tla mo tlhaselang. Fa di setse di tlhophilwe, diphologolo tsa tsona di lelekisiwa sekgala se seleele, gantsi dikilometara di le mmalwa, ka lobelo lwa dikilometara di le masome a marataro ka ura (37 mph).<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|Hofer|1998|p=33}}</ref> Phiri e e marontho e na le ditso tse ditelele tsa go dirisana le batho; ditshwantsho tsa mofuta ono di teng go tswa mo pakeng ya Paleolithic e e kwa Godimo, ka ditshwantsho tse di betlilweng le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng go tswa kwa Magageng a Lascaux le Chauvet.<ref>Spassov, N.; Stoytchev, T. (2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120415101508/http://www.nmnhs.com/downloads/pdfs/historia-naturalis-bulgarica/2004/016-159-166.pdf "The presence of cave hyaena (Crocuta crocuta spelaea) in the Upper Palaeolithic rock art of Europe"] (PDF). ''Historia Naturalis Bulgarica''. '''16''': 159–166. Archived from [[the original]] (PDF) on 15 April 2012.</ref> Mofuta o na le leina le le sa siamang thata mo setsong sa Bophirima le mo ditlhamaneng tsa Aforika. Mo go ya ntlha, mofuta ono o tsewa thata e le o o maswe le o o legatlapa, fa mo go wa bobedi, o tsewa e le o o pelotshetlha, o o jang bobe, o o seeleele le o o boeleele, mme lefa go ntse jalo o le maatla e bile o ka nna kotsi. Bontsi jwa dikakanyo tsa Bophirima ka mefuta eno di ka bonwa mo dikwalong tsa ga Aristotle le Pliny yo Mogolo, le fa e le ka tsela e e sa atlholeng. Dikatlholo tse di tlhamaletseng, tse di sa siamang di diragala mo [[Physiologus]], fa phologolo e tshwantshiwang jaaka [[hermaphrodite]] le mothubi wa mabitla.<ref name=":1">Glickman, Stephen (1995). [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-17909878.html "The Spotted Hyena from Aristotle to the Lion King: Reputation is Everything{{snd}}In the Company of Animals"], ''Social Research'', Volume 62</ref> Setlhopha sa baitseanape ba diphiri ba IUCN se supa leina le le sa siamang la diphiri tse di nang le marontho jaaka le le kotsi mo go tsweleleng ga mofuta ono go tshela, mo botshwarong le mo nageng.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|Hofer|1998|p=92 & 101}}</ref> Leina la maranyane la phiri e e marontho Crocuta le kile la akanngwa ka bophara gore le tswa mo lefokong la kadimo la Selatine crocutus, le le ranolang jaaka ‘e e mmala wa saffron’, go lebilwe mmala wa boboa jwa phologolo. Seno se ne sa supiwa se sa nepagala, ka gonne mopeleto o o siameng wa lefoko le le adimilweng e ka bo e le Crocāta, mme lefoko leno ga le ise le ko le dirisiwe ka tsela eo ke metswedi ya Segerika le Seroma. Crocuta tota e tswa mo lefokong la Segerika sa Bogologolo Κροκόττας (krokottas), le le tswang mo lefokong la Sesanskrit la koṭṭhâraka, le le simolotseng mo go kroshṭuka (le ka bobedi jwa lone kwa tshimologong le neng le diretswe go kaya phokoje ya gauta). Go umakiwa ga ntlha go go kwadilweng ga [[Κροκόττας]] go tswa mo Geographica ya ga [[Strabo]], kwa phologolo eno e tlhalosiwang e le motswako wa phiri le ntša e e tlholegileng kwa Ethiopia.<ref>{{Harvnb|Funk|2010|pp=52–54}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Synopsis Quadrupeds crocuta.png|thumb|Go gatisiwa ga Phiri e e marontho go tswa mo ditsong tsa Ditshedi tse di Maoto a Manè ya ga Thomas Pennant, nngwe ya ditshwantsho tsa ntlha tsa boammaaruri tsa mofuta ono[22]]] Go tloga bogologolo jwa Classical go fitlha gompieno, phiri e e marontho le e e meralo e ne e tsewa e le mofuta o le mongwe, kgotsa e ne e farologanngwa fela ka mabaka a thutafatshe, go na le a mmele. [[Hiob Ludolf]], mo bukeng ya gagwe ya ditso ya aethiopica, e ne e le wa ntlha go farologanya Crocuta le Hyaena ka tlhamalalo jaaka diphologolo tse di farologaneng, le fa a ne a ise a ko a nne le maitemogelo ape a mofuta ono, ka a ne a bona dipego tsa gagwe go tswa go motsereganyi wa Moethiopia.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_hyena#CITEREFFunk2010]{{Harvnb|Funk|2010|pp=55–56}}</ref>Tlhakatlhakano e ne e santse e tsweletse ka ga mofuta wa thulaganyo ya diphiri ka kakaretso, ka bontsi jwa batsamai ba Yuropa kwa Ethiopia ba bitsa diphiri "diphiri". Seno se tswa mo lefokong la Seamharic la tshephe, ጅብ (jɨbb), le le golaganngwang le lefoko la Searabia ذئب (dhiʾb) 'phiri'.<ref>Wade, D. W. (2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090959/http://www.everythingharar.com/publication/Hyenas%20and%20Humans%20in%20the%20Horn%20of%20Africa%20-%20Gade.pdf "Hyenas and Humans in the Horn of Africa"] (PDF). ''The Geographical Review''. '''96''' (4): 609–632. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006GeoRv..96..609G 2006GeoRv..96..609G.] doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1931-0846.2006.tb00519.x|10.1111/j.1931-0846.2006.tb00519.x]]. S2CID&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162339018 162339018.] Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2012.</ref> o ne a tlhalosa ka botlalo la ntlha ditlhaloso tsa ntlha ka Phiri e e nang le marontho tse di dirilweng ke Bayuropa di tswa kwa go Willem Bosman le [[Peter Kolbe]]. Bosman, mogwebi wa Mo-Dutch yo o neng a berekela Kompone ya Dutch West India kwa Gold Coast (Ghana ya gompieno) go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a marataro le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi go ya go wa sekete,makgolo a supa lebongwe, o ne a kwala ka Jakhals, ya Boshond (diphokoje kgotsa dintša tsa sekgwa) tse ditlhaloso tsa tsone tsa mmele di tshwanang le tsa Phiri e e nang le marontho. Kolben, radipalo wa [[Mojeremane]] le maitsaanape wa dipalo yo o neng a direla Kompone ya Dutch East India kwa Cape of Good Hope go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a supa le botlhano go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a supa le lesome le boraro, o ne a tlhalosa tshephe e e nang le marontho ka botlalo, mme a e bitsa "phiri ya nkwe", ka gonne baagi ba kwa borwa jwa Aforika ba ne ba sa itse ka diphiri, mme ka jalo ba di bitsa "phiri".<ref>{{Harvnb|Funk|2010|pp=57–58}}</ref> Ditlhaloso tsa ga Bosman le Kolben di ne tsa se ka tsa lemogiwa thata go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a supa le masome a supa le bongwe, fa moithutatlholego wa kwa Wales e bong [[Thomas Pennant]] a ne a dirisa ditlhaloso tseno le maitemogelo a gagwe ka namana ka sekai se se tshwerweng jaaka motheo wa go farologanya tshephe e e nang le marontho ka tlhomamo le e e nang le methalo mo bukeng ya gagwe ya Synopsis of Quadrupeds. Tlhaloso e e neng ya neelwa ke Pennant e ne e nepile mo e leng gore e ne ya akarediwa ke [[Johann Erxleben]] mo bukeng ya gagwe ya Systema regni animalis ka go ranolela fela mokwalo wa ga Pennant mo Selatineng. Crocuta e ne ya amogelwa kwa bofelong jaaka mofuta o o farologaneng le Phiri ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_hyena#CITEREFFunk2010]{{Harvnb|Funk|2010|pp=58–59}}</ref> == Thulaganyo ya ditshedi,tshimologo le thutotlhagelelo == [[Setshwantsho:Spotted Hyena at White River.jpg|thumb|Bophiri ba ba marontho kwa Nokeng e Tshweu, Mpumalanga. Ela tlhoko selekanyo se segolo sa pharologano ya motho ka bongwe mo mmala wa boboa, o o kileng wa bo o dirisiwa jaaka motheo wa go kgaoganya mefuta go nna mefutapotlana e e farologaneng.]] Go farologana le tshephe e e methalo, e go neng ga tshitshinngwa mefutapotlana e le mmalwa ya yona ka ntlha ya mefuta ya yona e e atologileng ya segompieno, tshephe e e marontho ke mofuta o o farologaneng tota, ka nako le ka sebaka. Mofuta wa yona o kile wa akaretsa mo e ka nnang Aforika yotlhe le [[Eurasia,]] mme o bontshitse selekanyo se segolo sa pharologano ya thutafatshe ya popego, e e neng ya lebisa kwa setlhopheng se se anameng ka go lekana sa di-epithets tse di rileng le tse di rileng. Go ne ga lemogiwa ka iketlo gore pharologano eno yotlhe e ka dirisiwa mo dipharologanong tsa motho ka bongwe mo mofuteng o le mongwe fela. Ka ngwaga sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borobabongwe, moithutatshelo [[L Harrison Matthews]] o ne a bontsha ka dipapiso magareng ga tlhopho e kgolo ya ditlhogo tsa diphiri tse di nang le marontho go tswa kwa Tanzania gore pharologano yotlhe e e bonweng mo mefutengpotlana e e neng e amogelwa ka nako eo le yone e ne e ka fitlhelwa mo setlhopheng se le sengwe fela, ka setlhopha se le sengwe fela sa ditlhaka se se tlhomologileng e le pelage (e e ka nnang le pharologano e e kwa godimo ya motho ka bongwe le Molao wa ga Bergmann). Fa masaledi a tsewa tsia, mofuta ono o ne wa bontsha pharologano e kgolo le go feta mo dinakong tsa segompieno, mme palo ya mefuta eno ya masaledi a a umakilweng fa e sale e tsewa e le e e tshwanang le Crocuta crocuta, ka bosupi jo bo tiileng jwa gore go na le mefuta e e fetang bongwe mo teng ga mofuta wa Crocuta e e santseng e tlhaela.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_hyena#CITEREFMillsHofer1998]{{Harvnb|Mills|Hofer|1998|p=16}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Crocuta silvanensis skull.png|thumb|Legata la Crocuta sivalensis, e leng tshephe ya India e e sa tlholeng e le teng e e neng ya tshitshinngwa ke Björn Kurtén gore ke yone mogologolwane wa Phiri ya segompieno e e nang le marontho .]] Bagologolwane ba mofuta wa Crocuta ba ne ba fapoga go tswa go Hyaena (mofuta wa diphiri tse di methalo le tse di borokwa) dingwaga di le dimilione di le lesome tse di fetileng.<ref>Rohland, N; Pollack, JL; Nagel, D; Beauval, C; Airvaux, J; Paabo, S; Hofreiter, M (2005). [[doi:10.1093/molbev/msi244|"The population history of extant and extinct hyenas".]] ''Mol. Biol. Evol''. '''22''' (12): 2435–2443. doi:[[doi:10.1093/molbev/msi244|10.1093/molbev/msi244]]. PMID&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16120805 16120805]</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_hyena#CITEREFMillsHofer1998]{{Harvnb|Mills|Hofer|1998|p=1}}</ref>Bagologolwane ba tshephe e e nang le marontho gongwe ba ne ba nna le maitsholo a loago go tsibogela kgatelelo e e oketsegileng go tswa mo dibataneng tse dingwe tse di jang ditopo, e e neng ya di pateletsa go dira ka ditlhopha. Botsalano bo amana le bogolo jwa boboko jo bo kwa pele, mme bosupi jwa masaledi a mefuta e mengwe ya Crocuta e e amanang gaufi le tshephe e e marontho bo bontshitse gore di simolotse go bopa dikgoro le go nna botsalano dingwaga di ka nna 350,000 tse di fetileng.<ref>Flink, Therese; Lagerström, Julia; Sahle, Yonatan; Werdelin, Lars (15 November 2025). [[doi:10.1007/s10914-025-09784-1|"When did spotted hyenas become social? Evidence from fossil endocasts".]] ''Journal of Mammalian Evolution''. '''32''' (4): 39. doi[[doi:10.1007/s10914-025-09784-1|:10.1007/s10914-025-09784-1]]. ISSN&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-7055 1573-7055.]</ref><ref>Holekamp, Kay E.; Sakai, Sharleen T.; Lundrigan, Barbara L. (June 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240914140654/https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/88/3/545/1062748 "The Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) as a Model System for Study of the Evolution of Intelligence"]. ''Journal of Mammalogy''. '''88''' (3): 545–554. doi:[[doi:10.1644/06-MAMM-S-361R1.1|10.1644/06-MAMM-S-361R1.1.]] ISSN&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2372 0022-2372]. Archived from the original on 14 September 2024.</ref>Ka nako nngwe mo thutotlhagelelong ya tsone, diphiri tse di marontho di ne tsa nna le di- carnassial tse di bogale ka fa morago ga di- premolar tsa tsone tse di thubang; seno se ne sa dira gore go leta phologolo ya tsone gore e swe go se ka ga tlhola go tlhokega, jaaka go ntse ka diphiri tse di borokwa le tse di methalo, mme ka jalo di ne tsa nna ditsomi tsa ditlhopha mmogo le ditshedi tse di tlhotlhorang. Ba ne ba simolola go bopa mafelo a magolo a a oketsegang, a a neng a tlhokega ka ntlha ya gore diphologolo tsa bone gantsi di ne di fuduga mme go lelekisa nako e telele mo kgaolong e nnye go ka bo go dirile gore ba tsenelele mo lefatsheng la lotso lo longwe.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_hyena#CITEREFMacdonald1992]{{Harvnb|Macdonald|1992|pp=134–135}}</ref> Go ile ga akanngwa gore go nna le taolo ya basadi mo ditsong tsa diphiri tse di nang le marontho e ka nna go tlwaela gore di kgone go gaisana ka katlego le tse ditonanyana mo dipolaong, mme ka jalo go netefatse gore go tlhagisiwa mashi a a lekaneng a bana ba tsona.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_hyena#CITEREFEstes1992]{{Harvnb|Estes|1992|pp=337–338}}</ref> Kgopolo e nngwe ke gore ke go tlwaela boleele jwa nako e e tsewang ke dipotsanyane go nna le ditlhogo tsa tsona tse dikgolo le ditlhaa, ka jalo go tlhoka tlhokomelo e kgolo le maitsholo a a laolang go tswa mo go tse di namagadi.<ref>Watts, Heather E.; Tanner, Jamie B.; Lundrigan, Barbara L.; Holekamp, Kay E. (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2677617 "Post-weaning maternal effects and the evolution of female dominance in the spotted hyena"]. ''Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences''. '''276''' (1665): 2291–2298. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PBioS.276.2291W 2009PBioS.276.2291W.] doi:[[doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0268|10.1098/rspb.2009.0268.]] PMC&#x20;2677617. PMID&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19324728 19324728.]</ref> [[Björn Kurtén]] le [[Camille Arambourg]] ka bobedi ba ne ba rotloetsa gore mofuta ono o tswa kwa Asia; Kurtén o ne a tsepamisa dintlha tsa gagwe mo mofuteng wa Crocuta sivalensis wa nako ya Plio-Pleistocene go tswa kwa Siwaliks,<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_hyena#CITEREFKurt%C3%A9n1968]{{Harvnb|Kurtén|1968|pp=69–72}}</ref>pono e e neng ya femelwa ke Arambourg, yo le fa go ntse jalo a neng a letla kgonagalo ya tshimologo ya Indo-Ethiopia.Boemo jo bo ne jwa ganetswa ke Ficarelli le Torre, ba ba neng ba umaka bosupi jwa go nna teng ga tshephe e e nang le marontho go tswa mo dipeeletso tsa Aforika tse di simolotseng kwa tshimologong ya Pleistocene, dingwaga tse di tshwanang le tsa C. sivalensis ya Asia.<ref>Ficarelli, G.; D. Torre. (1970), "Remarks on the taxonomy of hyaenids". ''Palaeontographia Italica'' 66:13–33.</ref> Borutegi jwa segompieno bo tshegetsa tshimologo ya Aforika ya mofuta ono, ka masaledi a ntlha a mofuta wa Crocuta a a simolotseng kwa tshimologong ya Pliocene ya Aforika, mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dimilione di le 3.63 go ya go di le 3.85 tse di fetileng.<ref>Westbury, Michael V.; Hartmann, Stefanie; Barlow, Axel; Preick, Michaela; Ridush, Bogdan; Nagel, Doris; Rathgeber, Thomas; Ziegler, Reinhard; Baryshnikov, Gennady; Sheng, Guilian; Ludwig, Arne; Wiesel, Ingrid; Dalen, Love; Bibi, Faysal; Werdelin, Lars (13 March 2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7069707 "Hyena paleogenomes reveal a complex evolutionary history of cross-continental gene flow between spotted and cave hyena".] ''Science Advances''. '''6''' (11) eaay0456. Bibcode:2020SciA....6..456W. [[doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay0456]]. ISSN&#x20;2375-2548. PMC&#x20;7069707. PMID&#x20;32201717.</ref> Rekoto ya ntlha e e itsiweng ya masalela a Crocuta crocuta mo Aforika e tswa kwa Cradle of Humankind, bogolosegolo go tswa kwa Lelokong la Sterkfontein la bone le le kwadilweng dingwaga di ka nna dimilione di le 2.1 tse di fetileng ka bonnye, mme gape e tlwaelegile mo dipeeletso tse di kwadilweng magareng ga dingwaga di le dimilione di le pedi go ya go di le 1.5 tse di fetileng.<ref>Reynolds, S.C. (2010). "Where the Wild Things Were: Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Carnivores in the Cradle of Humankind (Gauteng, South Africa) in Relation to the Accumulation of Mammalian and Hominin Assemblages". ''Journal of Taphonomy''. '''8''' (2–3): 233–257. [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:131601883 S2CID&#x20;131601883.]</ref>Tshekatsheko ya dijenome tsa mitochondrial tsa disampole tsa Crocuta ya Eurasia (phiri ya logaga) ga e bontshe kgaogano e e tlhamaletseng go tswa mo masikeng a Aforika. E tshitshinya gape gore dipalopalo tsa segompieno tsa diphiri tse di nang le marontho di tswa mo palong e e farologaneng ya Afro-Eurasia e e neng ya fokodiwa bošeng jaana go ya kwa Aforika fela.<ref>Sheng, Gui-Lian; Soubrier, Julien; Liu, Jin-Yi; Werdelin, Lars; Llamas, Bastien; Thomson, Vicki A.; Tuke, Jonathan; Wu, Lian-Juan; Hou, Xin-Dong; Chen, Quan-Jia; Lai, Xu-Long; Cooper, Alan (29 October 2014). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mec.12576 "Pleistocene C hinese cave hyenas and the recent E urasian history of the spotted hyena, C rocuta crocuta".] ''Molecular Ecology''. '''23''' (3): 522–533. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MolEc..23..522S Bibcode:2014MolEc..23..522S.] doi:10.1111/mec.12576. [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0962-1083 ISSN&#x20;0962-1083.] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24320717 PMID&#x20;24320717]. Retrieved 8 February 2024 &#x2013; via Wiley Online Library.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, tshekatsheko ya jenome e e tletseng ya nyutlea e supa gore dipalopalo tsa Crocuta tsa Aforika le tsa Eurasia tsa Late Pleistocene di ne di kgaogane thata, ka go fopholediwa gore di ne di fapogile dingwaga di ka nna dimilione di le 2.5 tse di fetileng, tse di tsamaelanang thata le dingwaga tsa disampole tsa ntlha tsa Crocuta dingwaga di le milione tse di fetileng kwa China2, tse e leng dingwaga di le milione o o fetileng kwa China. Dipholo tsa jenome ya nyutlelia gape di supa gore dipalopalo tsa Yuropa le Asia di ne di farologane, fela di ne di amana thata ka kakaretso go na le dipalopalo tsa Crocuta tsa Aforika. Tshekatsheko ya jenome ya nyutlelia e akantsha gore go nnile le go tsalana ga ditshedi tsa Aforika le tsa Eurasia ka nako e e rileng morago ga go kgaogana, e leng se se ka tswang se tlhalosa go sa dumalane ga dipholo tsa jenome ya nyutlea le ya mitochondrial, ka dijenome tsa mitochondrial tsa Crocuta ya Aforika le ya Yuropa tse di amanang gaufi thata le tse dingwe go na le go akantsha gore dijini tse pedi tsa Asia le Crocuta tsa Asia di amane thata. Batho ba Yuropa.<ref>Westbury, Michael V.; Hartmann, Stefanie; Barlow, Axel; Preick, Michaela; Ridush, Bogdan; Nagel, Doris; Rathgeber, Thomas; Ziegler, Reinhard; Baryshnikov, Gennady; Sheng, Guilian; Ludwig, Arne; Wiesel, Ingrid; Dalen, Love; Bibi, Faysal; Werdelin, Lars (13 March 2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7069707 "Hyena paleogenomes reveal a complex evolutionary history of cross-continental gene flow between spotted and cave hyena"]. ''Science Advances''. '''6''' (11) eaay0456. Bibcode:2020SciA....6..456W. doi:[[doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay0456|10.1126/sciadv.aay0456.]] ISSN&#x20;2375-2548. PMC&#x20;7069707. PMID&#x20;32201717.</ref> Go tlhagelela ga yone kwa Yuropa le kwa China go ne ga diragala ka nako e [[Pachycrocuta brevirostris]], e leng phologolo e kgolo e e nang le sefatlhego se sekhutshwane e neng e nyelela ka yone. E re ka go se na bosupi jwa gore go na le diphetogo tsa tikologo tse di bakileng seno, go ka direga gore phologolo eno e e neng e na le sefatlhego se sekhutshwane e ne ya nyelela ka ntlha ya go gaisana le phologolo eno e e neng e na le mabala. <ref>Kurtén, Björn (1988) On evolution and fossil mammals, Columbia University Press, pp. 238–242, [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-231-05868-3|ISBN]]</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, tshekatsheko ya bosheng e fitlhetse gore Crocuta ga e a ka ya nna le seabe mo go nyeleleng ga Pachycrocuta kwa Yuropa ka ntlha ya go tlhoka go kopana ga nako. <ref>Iannucci, Alessio; Mecozzi, Beniamino; Sardella, Raffaele; Iurino, Dawid Adam (15 November 2021). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277379121004479 "The extinction of the giant hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris and a reappraisal of the Epivillafranchian and Galerian Hyaenidae in Europe: Faunal turnover during the Early–Middle Pleistocene Transition".] ''Quaternary Science Reviews''. '''272''' 107240. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021QSRv..27207240I 2021QSRv..27207240I.] doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107240|10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107240]]. S2CID&#x20;239548772. Retrieved 25 August 2022.</ref> == Tlhaloso == === Mmele === Phiri e e nang le marontho e na le molala o o nonofileng le o o godileng sentle le maoto a kwa pele, mme maoto a kwa morago one ga a gola sentle. Kgogo ya yona e kgolokwe go na le go nna le dikhutlo, e leng se se thibelang batlhasedi ba ba tlang kwa morago go e tshwara ka thata. Tlhogo ya yone e sephara e bile e sephaphathi e na le molomo wa yone o o kgolokwe le molomo wa yone o o sephara. Ditsebe tsa phologolo eno di kgolokwe go na le gore di nne borethe, mme di farologane le tsa phologolo eno e e nang le methalo.Looto lengwe le lengwe le na le menwana e le menè, e e nang le menwana e mekhutshwane, e e nonofileng le e e kgwaraletseng.Maroo a lonao a sephara e bile a sephaphathi, mme karolo e e kwa tlase ya lonao ga e na sepe. Mogatla wa yone o mokhutshwane, o boleele jwa 300 - 350 mm, mme o tshwana le pompom ka ponalo. Se se sa tlwaelegang mo gare ga di-Phiri, le diamusi ka kakaretso, e namagadi ya Phiri e marontho e tona go feta e tonanyana.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_hyena#CITEREFKruuk1972]{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|p=211}}</ref> Banna le basadi ba na le dikgeleswa tsa marago tse di bulegang mo teng ga kgeleswa eo. Dithishu tseno di ntsha seedi se sesweu, se se boreledi se se kgomarediwang mo ditlhareng tsa bojang ka go tswa mo teng ga lerapo la kgogometso.Dithishu tseno di ntsha seedi se sesweu, se se boreledi se se kgomarediwang mo ditlhareng tsa bojang ka go tswa mo teng ga lerapo la kgogometso. Monkgo wa sephiri seno o maatla, o nkga sesepa se se belang kgotsa se se tukang, mme batho ba ka kgona go o lemoga dimetara di le mmalwa fa phefo e foka. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_hyena#CITEREFKruuk1972]{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|p=222}}</ref> Phiri e na le pelo e kgolo, e e dirang mo e ka nnang 1% ya boima jwa mmele wa yone, mme seno se dira gore e kgone go itshokela go lelekiwa ka lobaka lo loleele. Go farologana le seo, pelo ya tau e dira fela 0.45 - 0.57 lekgolong ya bokete jwa mmele wa yone.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_hyena#CITEREFSchaller1976]{{Harvnb|Schaller|1976|p=248}}</ref> Batho ba ba setseng ba nyeletse ba kwa Eurasia ba ne ba farologana le batho ba segompieno ba kwa Afrika ka ntlha ya maoto a bone a makhutshwane a a kgakala le maoto a maleele a a telele a a kwa tlase le a a kwa tlase.<ref>Dockner, M. (2006). [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.519.1292&rep=rep1&type=pdf Comparison of ''Crocuta crocuta crocuta'' and ''Crocuta crocuta spelaea'' through computer tomography.] (Masters Thesis).</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> == Description == === Thulaganyo ya mmele === [[File:Spotted_Hyaena_(Crocuta_crocuta)_female_close-up_..._(31339658775).jpg|thumb| Setshwantsho se se gaufi sa tshephe e namagadi, Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Kruger, Aforikaborwa]] [[File:Walking_Spotted_Hyena_Luangwa_Jul23_A7C_05771.jpg|left|thumb| Phiri e e bonalang e tsamaya mo porofaeleng, Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Luangwa Borwa, Zambia]] Phokojwe e e ditshupana e na le molala o o nonofileng le o o tlhabologileng sentle, mmogo le karolo ya kwa pele ya mmele e e nonofileng, mme karolo ya kwa morago ya mmele yone e sa nonofa thata. Karolo ya kwa morago ya mmele e kgolokwe go na le go nna le dikhutlo. Seno se dira gore diphologolo tse di e tlhaselang kwa morago di se ka tsa kgona go e tshwara sentle. Tlhogo ya phokojwe e e ditshupana e sephara e bile e bataletse, e na le nko e khutshwane le molomo o o sephara. Go farologana le phokojwe e e methalo, ditsebe tsa phokojwe e e ditshupana di kgolokwe go na le go nna dintlhana. Noko nngwe le nngwe e na le menwana e le mene, e e kopantsweng ke letlalo le le tshwanang le la go thuma, mme menwana eo e na le dinala tse di khutshwane, tse di nonofileng le tse di sa lolelang. Dikarolo tse di kwa tlase tsa dinao di sephara e bile di bataletse, mme karolo yotlhe ya kwa tlase ga lona e e dikologileng e hloka boboa. Mohatla wa yone o mokhutshwane fa o bapisiwa le mmele, mme boleele jwa one bo ka nna dimilimetara di le 300 go ya go 350 (disenthimetara di le 30 go ya go 35). Mohatla o lebega jaaka kgwele ya boboa e e kgomaretsweng mo moseleng.Selo se se sa tlwaelegang mo diphokojweng le mo diamusung ka kakaretso ke gore namagadi ya phokojwe e e ditshupana e kgolwane thata go feta tona. Bong ka bobedi bo na le ditshika tsa marago tse di bulegelang mo rectum, gaufi fela le phatlha ya marago. Ditshika tseno di ntsha seedi se sesweu se se tshwanang le setlolo. Phokojwe e ntsha seedi seno ka go ntsha karolo ya rectum kwa ntle mme e se tshasa mo ditlhakeng tsa bojang. Monko wa seedi seno o nonofile thata, mme o tshwana le monko wa sesepa se se sa tureng se se bedisiwang kgotsa sengwe se se tukang. Batho ba ka kgona go utlwa monko ono ba le bokgakala jwa dimetara di le mmalwa fa phefo e o foka e tswa kwa phokojweng e lebile kwa go bone. Phokojwe e e ditshupana e na le pelo e kgolo fa e bapisiwa le mmele wa yone. Pelo ya yone e dira mo e ka nnang 1% ya boima jwa mmele wa yone. Seno se e naya bokgoni jo bogolo jwa go itshoka fa e taboga sebaka se seleele e lelekisa phologolo e nngwe. Fa go bapisiwa le yone, pelo ya tau e dira fela mo e ka nnang 0.45% go ya go 0.57% ya boima jwa mmele wa yone.Ditlhopha tsa phokojwe e e ditshupana tsa kwa Eurasia tse jaanong di nyeletseng di ne di farologana le tse di fitlhelwang gompieno kwa Aforika. Ditlhopha tsa bogologolo di ne di na le dikarolo tsa maoto tse di kwa bofelong tse di neng di le dikhutshwane, fa marapo a magolo a matsogo le a maoto a kwa morago one a ne a le maleele. f9q4zl0hbkjn3erlanzjg9f9obu51m1 0 14667 56039 53255 2026-09-30T13:32:59Z Legodzomela 12497 edited page 56039 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sechele II Kealeboga Sebele''' (o ne a tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robedi le masome a marataro (1860)a bo a thokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robongwe le lesome le borobedi (1918) e ne e le [[Kgosi ya morafe|kgosi]] ya morafe wa [[Kwena]] kwa [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (Botswana ya segompieno) go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robongwe le lesome le motso (1911) go fitlha a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le borobabobedi (1918). Puso ya gagwe e ne ya lemogiwa ka go kgaogana ga morafe ka ntlha ya dikgosana tse di neng di le kgatlhanong le ene tse di neng di eteletswe pele ke bomalomeagwe ba ne ba gana taolo ya gagwe. Sechele II o ne a tlhatlhamiwa ke morwawe e bong [[Sebele II.]] == Botshelo == Sechele II Kealeboga Sebele o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro (1860), mme o ne a nna [[Kgosi ya morafe|kgosi]] ya [[morafe wa Kwena]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le motso (1911).<ref name=":0">[[:en:Sechele_II#CITEREFMortonRamsay2018|Morton &#x26; Ramsay 2018,]] Sechele II Kealeboga Sebele.</ref> Puso ya ga Sechele II e ne ya tlhaselwa ke setlhopha sa dikgosana se se neng se eteletswe pele ke bomalomeagwe e bong Kebohula le Moiteelasilo. Setlhopha se ne se akanya gore o ne a rotloetsa bagakolodi ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba se na maemo mo morafeng, mme ba ne ba ganetsa tshegetso ya gagwe ya ditlwaelo tsa setso tse e seng tsa Sekeresete jaaka go nyala lefufa le bogwera.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Sechele_II#CITEREFRamsay1996|Ramsay 1996]], p.&#x20;65</ref> Setlhopha se se ne se tshegediwa ke London Missionary Society, yo Sechele II a neng a mo kgaogantse morago ga gore a letlelele Anglicanism go dirisiwa ke Bakwena ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bobedi (1912).<ref name=":0" />Go ne ga nna le kgaogano ka ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le botlhano (1915), fa Sechele II a ne a fudusa kgotla ya morafe go tswa kwa Borakalalo go ya kwa Ntsweng, a fetola se se neng se dirilwe ke yo o tlileng pele ga gagwe.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Sechele_II#CITEREFMortonRamsay2018|Morton &#x26; Ramsay 2018]], Molepolole</ref> Kganetso e ne ya sala kwa Borakalalo, mme ya kgaoganya morafe. <ref name=":1" />Kgaogano e ne ya seka ya baakanngwa go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bosupa (1937), fa Boritane e ne ya ba pateletsa go kopana le go senya bontsi jwa Ntsweng.<ref name=":2" /> Sechele II o ne a na le mosadi, Lena Rauwe, yo o neng a okamela go tsenngwa ga Anglicanism mo [[Kweneng]]. <ref>[[:en:Sechele_II#CITEREFMortonRamsay2018|Morton &#x26; Ramsay 2018]], Anglicans.</ref>Gape o ne a nyala Gagoumakwe Kgari Sechele, molwela-kgololosego yo o neng a tswelela go nna le tlhotlheletso ya sepolotiki morago ga loso lwa ga Sechele II. <ref>[[:en:Sechele_II#CITEREFMortonRamsay2018|Morton &#x26; Ramsay 2018]], Gagoumakwe Kgari Sechele (1910–2007).</ref>Mokwaledi wa ga Sechele II jaaka kgosi e ne e le Richard Sidzumo.<ref>[[:en:Sechele_II#CITEREFMortonRamsay2018|Morton &#x26; Ramsay 2018]], African National Congress (ANC).</ref> Sechele II o ne a letlelela BaKwena Tribal Council go bopiwa ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le borataro (1916),<ref name=":3">[[:en:Sechele_II#CITEREFMortonRamsay2018|Morton &#x26; Ramsay 2018]], Chronology.</ref> mme o ne a lekanyetsa maatla a yone ka go rotloetsa ditsala tsa gagwe. <ref name=":0" />[[Baruti Kgosidintsi,]] yo e neng e le motho yo mogolo wa kganetso kgatlhanong le [[Sebele I]] le Sechele II, o ne a fitlhelwa a le molato wa go imisa mosadi wa ga Sechele II ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le borataro (1916). <ref>[[:en:Sechele_II#CITEREFMortonRamsay2018|Morton &#x26; Ramsay 2018]], Baruti Kgosidintsi (1842–1922).</ref> == Loso le boswa == Sechele II o ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le borobabobedi (1918). <ref name=":0" />O ne a tlhatlhamiwa ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le lesome le bobedi , ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le borobabobedi (1918) <ref name=":3" />ke morwawe Sebele II, morago ga go boela morago go tswa go direla kwa [[South African Native Labour Corps]]. <ref>[[:en:Sechele_II#CITEREFMortonRamsay2018|Morton &#x26; Ramsay 2018]], Sebele II, Kelebantse Sechele (1892–1939).</ref>Setlogolo sa ga Sechele II [[Bonewamang Padi Sechele]] o ne a amogelwa jaaka mojaboswa wa semolao wa bogosi jwa Kwena ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boraro (1963) mme kgotlatshekelo e ne ya ganela gore ke ene yo o latelang go mo tlhatlhama. <ref name=":4">[[:en:Sechele_II#CITEREFMortonRamsay2018|Morton &#x26; Ramsay 2018]], Bonewamang Padi Sechele (1926–1978).</ref>Morwa wa ga Sechele II yo mmotlana, [[Neale Sechele]], o ne a tlhophiwa ke tsamaiso ya bokoloniale jaaka tumelano mme a tlhophiwa jaaka kgosi, mme puso ya gagwe e ne ya se ka ya amogelwa ke Bakwena.<ref>[[:en:Sechele_II#CITEREFVengroff1977|Vengroff 1977]], p.&#x20;56</ref>Bonewamang Padi Sechele o ne a direla jaaka moeteledipele wa [[morafe wa Kweneng]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi (1978) morago ga go tlosiwa ga Neale Sechele.<ref name=":4" /> == Metswedi == f4o1oyojnfn93forsw09pq0wdax8edg 3 14921 56055 56027 2026-09-30T14:54:07Z ~2026-52438-05 13227 /* Drafts */ Reply 56055 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Tayo ricci [[Draft 1]] [[Draft 2]] == Drafts == Hi. Please put your drafts within your [[:en:WP:USERSPACE|userspace]]. That is, their names must start with <code>Modirisi:Tayo ricci/</code>. For example, I have [[:en:WP:MOVE|moved]] [[Draft 1]] to [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 3]] and [[Draft 2]] to [[Modirisi:Tayo ricci/Draft 4]]. Thank you for contributing for Wikimedia. [[Modirisi:NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh|NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh|talk]]) 13:30, 30 Lwetse 2026 (CAT) :how do we put it under my username [[Faphegileng:Contributions/~2026-52438-05|~2026-52438-05]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:~2026-52438-05|talk]]) 16:54, 30 Lwetse 2026 (CAT) s6h5ihyzcu4j5pw5bh0d0b5ytkpzdx1 0 15340 56085 55808 2026-09-30T23:18:07Z Ngwanana 12523 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377525185|Mango]]" 56085 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mengu''' ke leungo la letlapa le le jewang le le tlhagisiwang ke setlhare sa boboatsatsi ''sa Mangifera indica'' . E simolotse kwa karolong e e kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa Borweng jwa Asia, kwa lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang Bangladesh, bokonebotlhaba jwa India le Myanmar . ''M. indica'' e ntse e jalwa kwa Borweng le Borwabotlhaba jwa Asia go tloga ka dinako tsa bogologolo, mme seno sa felela ka mefuta e mebedi ya mefuta ya mengu ya segompieno: mefuta ya "Indian" le "Borwabotlhaba jwa Asia". Mefuta e mengwe ya mofuta wa ''Mangifera'' le yona e ntsha maungo a a jewang a a bidiwang "manko", bontsi jwa ona bo fitlhelwa mo ecoregion ya Malesia . SGo na le mefuta e le lekgolo e le mmalwa ya mengu lefatshe ka bophara. Go ikaegile ka mofuta wa go lema, maungo a mango a farologana ka bogolo, popego, botshe, mmala wa letlalo, le mmala wa nama, e e ka nnang bosetlha jo bo bosetlha, gauta, botala, kgotsa mmala wa namune. Mengu ke leungo la bosetšhaba la kwa mafelong a a latelang; India, Pakistan, le Philippines, fa setlhare sa mango e le setlhare sa bosetšhaba sa Bangladesh . luenkyxu3vyalxlf5wgoxoudxouygvu 0 15406 56030 2026-09-30T12:16:43Z HoneyyR 12494 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370154167|William Sampson (playwright)]]" 56030 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:BATEMAN(1720)_Title.jpg|thumb| Masetlapelo a ga Bateman: kgotsa, Monyadiwa ikanileng a feletseng ka go senya maaka) yo o amogetseng tuelo e e tshwanetseng.]] '''William Sampson''' ( c. 1590 – c. 1636 ) e ne e le mokwadi wa diterama le lebokae wa Engelane. Go akanyediwa gore Sampson o tsholetswe kwa South Leverton ka 1590 gongwe le gongwe, e leng motse o o gaufi le Retford, Nottinghamshire, mo lelapeng la balemi ba ba ithokang (yeoman family). Go tloga mo botongwaneng jwa gagwe (kgotsa go simologa mo botongwaneng), o ne a direla mo mallapeng a selegae a mo tikologong eo.O bone maemo a sa feleng a go nna mothusi kgotsa mohlanka ka ngwaga wa 1628 mo lelapeng la ga Sir Henry Willoughby, Baronet wa ntlha, wa Risley, Derbyshire, koo Phineas Fletcher a neng a agile teng magareng ga 1616 le 1621. Sampson o tlhokafetse ka bonako morago ga go gatisiwa ga buka ya gagwe ya Virtus post Funera ka ngwaga wa 1636. == Ditiro == === Terama === Sampson o ne a tlwaelana le Gervase Markham, mokwadi yo mongwe go tswa Nottinghamshire, mme a kopana na le ene go kwala, gongwe ka 1612, masetlapelo a polelo ya ga Herode le Antipater a a tserweng mo Ditsong tsa Baiseraele (Antiquities of the Jews) tsa ga Flavius Josephus (a a ikaegileng ka dibuka tsa XIV le XV). E ne ya logwa ka katlego kwa London, ya fiwa tetla ya go gatisiwa ka la 22 Tlhakole 1622, mme ya tlhagelela jaaka Masetlapelo a A Nnete a ga Herode le Antipater (The True Tragedy of Herod and Antipater). Markham o ne a umaka motshameko o o amanang le oo ka 1612, mme go bonala Sampson a o tokafaditswe go se kae pele ga o gatisiwa. Tšhotšhwano kgotsa tshemusetso ya tiro ya Se-Latini ya ga Josephus e ne ya dirwa ka thanolo ya Seisimane ya 1558 ka ga Peter Morwyng. . Motshameko ka boyone o ne o ratega thata mo bathong ba le bantsi, o na le dikgoka mo sethaleng le ditshwantsho tsa botshelo jo bo kwa tlase, mme o ne o opakateletsa ditlamorago dingwe tsa ga Shakespeare. <ref>{{Cite book |last=William Hemings |year=2006 |title=The Plays and Poems of William Heminge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIu6spFIB_gC&pg=PA75 |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press |isbn=978-0-8386-4039-5 |pages=75–6 |access-date=28 August 2013}}</ref> E ne ya tshamekiwa kwa Red Bull Theatre, kwa babogedi ba neng ba rata ponagalo le dikgakgamatso tsa tiragatso.. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Brian W. Schneider |year=2011 |title=The Framing Text in Early Modern English Drama: 'whining' Prologues and 'armed' Epilogues |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Abg1zTfNxacC&pg=PA81 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |isbn=978-1-4094-1017-1 |page=81 |access-date=28 August 2013}}</ref> Sampson o ne a lateletsa ka motshameko wa gagwe a le nosi, ka ga kgang ya botlhokwa jwa selegae—go raelwa ga Mme German, mosadi yo mofša yo o nyetsweng wa kwa Clifton, ke motho a le mongwe yo o bidiwang Bateman. Barati bano ba ne ba ipolaile. Ditiragalo tseno e ne e le setlhogo sa pampiri ya dikgang e e neng e tumile ya Bateman's Tragedy; or the perjured Bride justly rewarded, mme go ne ga nna le kopelo e e tumile ka ga setlhogo seo (e morago ya gatisiwa gape ke Joseph Ritson). ''Karolo ya ga Sampson e ne ya kwalwa ka bontlhanngwe ka ditemana tse di sa tswalelweng mme ka bontlhanngwe ka puo e e tlwaelegileng, mme ya gatisiwa ka leina la The Vow Breaker.'' ''Leano la bobedi le ne la akaretsa Gervase Clifton, motho yo o tlotlegageng wa selegae, Leloko la Palamente le lesole le le neng le direla kgatlhanong le Masscots ka 1560 kwa Go thibelela ga Leith, le latelela Ditiragalo tsa ga Holinshed (Holinshed's Chronicles).'' . Mo tirong ya bofelo, mokaedi kgotsa molaudi wa Nottingham o buisana le Mumagadi Elizabeth ka ga tsamaiso ya dikepe le metsi a Noka ya Trent. Karolo ya boraro, e leng motshameko wa metlae o o bidiwang The Widow's Prize, le yone e neelwa Sampson. Sir Henry Herbert, yo e leng molaodi wa ditetla, ka la 25 Firikgong 1625, o letlelelile gore e tshamekiwe ke Banna ba Kgosi Charles, go le ka fa tlase ga dipeelo tsa gore go dirwe diphetogo dingwe. Mo lekgolong la bo 18 la dingwaga, mokwalo wa letsogo o o neng o le wa ga John Warburton o ne wa senngwa. === Temana ya 1 . === Fa nako e ntse e tsamaya mo botshelong jwa gagwe, Sampson o kwadile ditemana tsa bopelogale ka ga bagolo le batho ba ba tlotlegang ba dikgaolo tsa Midlands. Ka 1636 go tlhageletse buka ya gagwe ya Virtus post Funera vivit, or Honour Tryumphing over Death, e leng ditshwantsho tsa nnete tsa batho ba ba tlotlegang, ba maemo a godimo, ba ba rutileng, le ba ba amogelang baeng (London, e gatišitswe ke John Norton, 1636). Ditemana tsa tshimologo di lebisiwe go William Cavendish, Earl wa Newcastle. Go latela thanolo ya puo e e tlwaelegileng e e neelwang Christian, Dowager Countess ya Devon, le e nngwe ya ditemana e e neelwang Charles, morwa wa Earl wa Newcastle. Ditemana tseno—tsotlhe di le mo ditemaneng tse di tsamaelaneng tsa bopelogale—di le masome a mabedi le bobedi (di le masome a mararo le bobedi). Gareng ga batho ba ba gopolwang ke Elizabeth Talbot, Countess ya Shrewsbury (Bess of Hardwick, Nomoro 1), le William Cavendish, Earl wa boraro wa Devonshire (Nomoro 3). Motshameko kgotsa kopelo ya tlotlo e e tswang go Philip Kynder e ne ya tlhagelela le tiro eno. . Maiteko a ga Sampson a go gapa tshireletso le tshegetso ya ga Cavendishes a tsweletse. Serapa se se sa gatišwang sa gagwe, se se kwadilweng go Margaret Cavendish, Marchioness ya Newcastle, se bidiwa Love's Metamorphosis, or Apollo and Daphne; se na le ditemana di le 180 tsa mola o le mongwe le o le mongwe o nang le melapo e le thataro, mme se santse se le teng mo Harleian MS. 6947 (Nomoro 41, ff. 318–336). Mola wa nthlha o balega jaana == Lelapa == Sampson o nyetse Helen, morwadia Gregory Vicars, gape e le kgaitsadie John Viccars, mme a nna le bana ba basimane ba le babedi ka ene, e bong Henry yo e leng ngaka le William, ba bobedi ba neng ba nna badiredi ba ba tlotlegang (fellows) ba Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; William (1635–1702) morago o ne a nna moruti wa Clayworth le molaodi wa kerekeng wa Lincoln go tloga ka 1636 (kgotsa 1672). Motsholofadi wa ga Sampson ka 1637 o ne a nyalwa, jaaka monna wa gagwe wa bobedi, ke Obadiah Grew. == Dintlha == {{Reflist}} nbhir5ke6fch7tvtcujnc4zkop7mbpa 0 15407 56031 2026-09-30T12:31:27Z HoneyyR 12494 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362886087|Forever Friends (brand)]]" 56031 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Forever Friends''' ke brand ya Hallmark Cards, e e ikaegileng ka thulaganyo ya bere. Bere ya Forever Friends e ka bonwa mo dinageng di le masome a mane (40) le ka diteme di le lesome le botlhano (15). Bere eno e badilwe kgotsa e dirilwe ke motaki Deborah Jones. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Forever Friends |url=http://www.hallmark.co.uk/Products/Hallmark/Cards-Hallmark-Cards-UK/Cards-By-Product-Hallmark-Cards-UK/Forever-Friends-Cards-Hallmark-Cards-UK/ |access-date=2009-05-20 |publisher=Hallmark cards UK Ltd}}</ref> == Hisetori == Ka 1987, motaki Deborah Jones o kwadile kgotsa a thala bere ya ntlha ya Forever Friends mo bukeng ya gagwe ya ditshwantsho. O ile a atamela ba phatlalatsi ba dikarata tsa dumediso ba ba neng ba agile kwa Bath, Somerset, e leng Andrew Brownsword, ba ba dumalaneng go golola thulaganyo ya bere eno jaaka karata ya dumediso. Bobedi jo bo ne jwa bereka mo ntlong e e kwa godimo ga lefelo la go rekisetsa dijo tsa Setsaina (Chinese takeaway) kwa Reading, Berkshire kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1980: <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/britain/article/0,,1279804,00.html|title=Are we soft?|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|work=Guardian Unlimited|date=2004-08-10|author=Michael Durham}}</ref><blockquote>Ke ne ke batla go dira bere e e neng e ka kgatlha bagolo le bana. Ke ikaegile ka Forever Friends segagane ka bere e e neng e tshwerwe ke Sebastian Flyte mo bukeng ya Brideshead Revisited. E ne ya nwa go nna bere e e fitlhelwang mo marulelong</blockquote>Ka 1989, thulaganyo eno e e ne ya kwadisiwa ka letshwao la mmaraka la '''Forever Friends.''' . Ka 1994 k’hamphani ya Andrew Brownsword Ltd e ne ya rekwa ke Hallmark Cards. Brownsword ka boene o dumela go nna mokaedi yo mogolo (CEO) wa Hallmark Europe, mme madi a mantshwa a letlelelile gore thulaganyo yotlhe ya karata e ntšha e tlhabololwe go akaretsa molewane. Ka 1997 go ne ga ntshiwa leina la mmaraka le lennye le Lesha la Between Friends, le le neng la lebagana le dikarata tsa bana. Morago ga moo ka 2000 go ne ga latela Blanc, tiro ya pentiri kgotsa pene ya pentsiele mo karateng e tshweu e e neng e lebagantswe le batho ba bagolo. E ne e le yone thulaganyo ya bofelo e Deborah Jones a e berekileng, fa a ne a tlogela tiro mo thulaganyong ya botaki ya Bath ya Hallmark e jaanong e neng e le yone. Ka 2005, ''Forever Friends'' e ne ya simololwa sesha ka ponalo e e ileditsweng ka metsi, pampiri e e nang le dintlha tse di sa lekaneng mo dikarateng le thaka ya segompieno thata. Ka 2008, mofuta wa dibera tse di bopelotelele kgotsa tse di bonolo o ne wa okediwa ka mofuta wa dikokelwang tsa dijitale. Ka 2011, motseletsele wa “Forever Friends Naturals” o ne wa thakgolwa ke Grace Cole Limited, mme wa dirisa dibera tse di rategang jaaka sefatlhego sa mofuta o montle le o o bonolo wa dilwana tsa tlhokomelo ya letlalo la tlhago tsa masea le bana. Jones gape o ne a thala motseletsele wa Hoppy Street, mmutla o o neng o tshwana le dibera tsa Forever Friends. Motseletsele wa Forever Friends o ne o akaretsa dikarata, dikarata tsa poso le dilwana tsa mokwalo, dibera tse di bonolo tsa go gapa, ditshwantsho tse di beilweng mo foreiming, dikopi le dijwana tsa mo khitšheng, ditshwantsho tsa batho le diphologolo, mmogo le masela a malao. Mo e ka ntseng ngwaga wa 2019-2020, tlhahiso ya dibera tse di bonolo tsa Forever Friends e ne ya emisiwa. Jones o tlhokafetse ka 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-14 |title=Progressive Greetings April 2022 by Max Publishing: Print, Digital Media + Events (London) - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/maxpublishing/docs/pg_april_2022 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=issuu.com |language=en}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{reflist}} [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 19oi4ar1xpdi3vjhc61f6du9h9b1iys 0 15408 56033 2026-09-30T12:48:28Z HoneyyR 12494 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1317757755|Robert Dawes]]" 56033 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Dawes''' (yo o neng a tshela mo e ka ntseng ngwaga wa 1610–1614) e ne e le motshameki wa Seesemane wa motlha wa Jacobean. O ikgethile thata mo direkoring tse di sa ntsheng di le teng tsa terama ya Rephaboliki ya Engelane (English Renaissance theatre), ka gonne konteraka ya gagwe ya botlhanka le nngwe ya dikhamphani tsa gagwe tsa botshameki e falotse kgotsa e setse e le teng. Dawes e ne e le leloko la ntlha mme gongwe e le leloko la simololo le “molesega” (motlotlegi yo o abelanang mo dipoung, go na le go nna modiri yo o hirilweng yo o direlang madi a tuelo) le setlhopha sa Prince Charles's Men, go tloga fela ka 1610 go ya kwa pele. Le fa go ntse jalo, o nnetse ruri le setlhopha seo go fitlha ka 1614 fela, fa a ne a tlogela go ya go tsenelela setlhopha sa Lady Elizabeth's Men. Dawes o ne a amogelesega go nna mofenyi kana moabelani mo setlhopheng sa Lady Elizabeth; konteraka ya gagwe ya gagwe ya dingwaga di le tharo le batsamaisi Philip Henslowe le Jacob Meade, e e neng e kwadilwe ka di 7 Moranang ngwaga oo, e tlhalosa lenaneo la dikotlhelo tse di ikgethileng tsa melato e minnye le e mitona ya melao: * Fa Dawes a ne a salela morago kgotsa a tlhoka go goroga ka nako e e tlhomameng mo thapisong, o ne a patikega go duela tshwetso kgotsa kotlhao ya "dipense di le lesome le bobedi," e leng shilling e le nngwe (1 ''s.'' ). * Fa a ne a tlolaka thapiso ka botlalo, kotlhao e ne e le di-shilling di le pedi (2 ''s).'' * Fa a ne a salela morago ka nako ya tshameko, kotlhao e ne ya tlhatlogela go di-shilling di le tharo (3 ''s).'' * Fa a ne a tagilwe fa tshameko e simologa (go ya ka katlholo ya maloko a mane a setlhopha), kotlhao e ne e le di-shilling di le lesome10 ''s.'' * Fa a ne a tlolaka tshameko a se na mabaka a a lekaneng, kotlhao e ne ya tlhatlogela go panta e le nngwe.(£1). * Mme fa a ne a fitlhelelwa a le molato wa go tsaya diaparo tsa setlhopha tse di turang kana dilwana tse dingwe ka tsela e e sa letlelelweng (jaaka go apara seaparo ka kwa ntle ga terama kana kgotla ya motshameko), kotlhao e ne e le ya madi a mantsi thata (a batlileng a nna magolo thata) a £40. (Fa go dirwa tshwantshanyo, [[William shakespeare|William Shakespeare]] o ne a duela £60 go reka New Place, ntlo e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe kwa Stratford-upon-Avon, ka 1597.) Ka ntlha ya ge go se na konteraka e nngwe e e tshwanang ya motshameki wa motlha oo e e teng, baithuti kana bafatlhogi ba kelelelo ga ba kgone gotlhelele go tlhomamisa gore lokwalo lwa ga Dawes ke lwa mmatota kgotsa lo emela se se tlwaelegileng. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga go na sepe mo botshelong jwa tiro ya ga Dawes se se bontshang gore o ne a sa tlwaelega ka tsela e e kgethegileng, ka jalo konteraka ya gagwe e tshwanetse ya bo e ne e le mo maemong a a tlwaelegileng le a a tshwanetseng bakeng sa batshameki ba motlha oo. == Ditshupiso == {{reflist}} fy25zy66adum0icfx9mfbl80a04i5cd 0 15409 56034 2026-09-30T12:59:36Z Legodzomela 12497 created new page using FIFA 56034 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:FIFA+.svg|thumb|Letshwao le le dirisiwang ke FIFA]] [[Setshwantsho:20180610 FIFA Friendly Match Austria vs. Brazil Gruppenfoto Brasilien 850 0016.jpg|thumb]] '''FIFA kgotsa ''[[International Federation of Association Football]]''''' e simolotse kwa [[Paris]] ka di 21 Motsheganong 1904 e simololwa ke ditlamo tsa bosetšhaba tse supa e bong [[Belgium]], [[France]], [[Denmark]], [[Netherlands]], [[Sweden]], [[Switzerland]], le [[Spain]] ka [[Madrid FC]]. Moporesidente wa ntlha e ne e le [[Robert Guèrin]] go tloga ka 1904 go fitlha ka 1906. Ka Motshameko wa ntlha wa Bosetšhaba go ne ga tshameka ditlhopha di le 13 mo [[Uruguay]] e ne ya fenya ka 4-2 kgatlhanong le [[Argentina]] mo makgaolakgangeng. Metshameko ya 1942 le 1946 e ne ya phimolwa ka e ne e le [[Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe: Tshimologo (1939–1940)|Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe]]. Gompieno e na le ditlhopha di le 46 go ya ka metshameko ya 2026. <ref>https://www.ussoccer.com/history/organizational-structure/fifa</ref> METSWEDI <references /> [[Karolo:METSHAMEKO]] lctxx8w99xy0tum3n3bydcilualn0xs 0 15410 56035 2026-09-30T13:06:26Z HoneyyR 12494 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332960485|Thrumpton Hall (book)]]" 56035 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox book|author=Miranda Seymour|genre=Memoir|pub_date=2007|italic title=Thrumpton Hall (buka)}} '''''Thrumpton Hall:''''' A Memoir of Life in My Father’s House ke tiro e e gatisitsweng ka 2007 ke Miranda Seymour. Buka eno e tlhalosa, go tswa mo ponong ya morwadia o o ikgantshitseng, botshelo le dinako tsa ga George FitzRoy Seymour (1923–1994) yo o sa itsiweng thata, mong wa lefatshe la selegae la Engelane le le neng le ntse le fokotsega (Thrumpton Hall) kwa Nottinghamshire, le monna le rre yo o ikgathologelang yo o nang le maikutlo a bonatla jwa borena (o amana kgakala le mongwe wa bana ba le bantsi ba ba sa nyalwang ba ga Charles II). Buka eno ke kgopotso thata, e e tlhalosiwang ka botlhale, mme le fa go ntse jalo e na le mooko wa go sa kgotsofatseng ga morwadia o o ka nnang wa kgoreletsa, jaaka mokwadi a itse, boammaaruri le go se nne le seabe se se solofetsweng. Gape e senola dintlha tsa botshelo tse mokwadi a di ithutang fela ka go bala di-diary tsa rragwe le go batlisisa Histori ya lelapa la gagwe ka makwalo le metswedi e mengwe ya diakhaeporo. Kwa Engelane, buka eno e phatlaladitswe ka leina la In My Father's House mme ya rewa tlhaloso ya bofelo Elegy for an Obsessive Love, e leng kgolagano le boikgapo jwa ga George Seymour jwa botshelo jotlhe ka ntlo e kgolo (e e simologileng ka lekgolo la bolesome la dingwaga) e a kgonneng go e rua ka maano a gagwe, le fa e le gore e ne e se morwa mong wa pele, Charles Byron (setlogolo sa ga Lord Byron le rangwane ka lenyalo wa ga George). Le fa go ntse jalo, buka eno ga se mokolobetsa ka tsela epe fela, mme tlhathobo e e tswelelang pele ya go tlhajoa ke maikutlo ga ga George ka ntlo eno ke karolo nngwe fela ya dilo tse di tshwenyang mokwadi. Karolo ''e nngwe'' ya mokgwa wa ga Seymour e akaretsa go botsolotsa rre yo o tlhoilweng dipotso le go tlhalosa ka botlalo ditshwetso le ditiro tsa gagwe tse di kotsi, jaaka go ne go lejwa dingwaga di feta lesome morago ga leso lwa gagwe. Botho jwa gagwe, jwa motho yo o "ikgantshang", yo o ipolelang e le mofsa yo o tlhabiwang ke ditlhong ke batsadi ba gagwe, le rre/monna yo o laolang ka bonolo yo o batlang ka tlhomamo boemo jwa loago jo a sa kgoneng go bo fitlhelela, boantswe ka puo ya Sekgoa e e monate. Dingwe tsa ditswaambe tsa ga George ke go se nne le ditsala botshelo jotlhe, go ikanyega thata mo go kwaleng makwalo, go tsepamisa mogopolo thata mo ditsong tsa loago le bohloki jwa motho, go sitlwa go lemoga ditlhlhokego tsa maloko a mangwe a lelapa, le mokgwa wa go godisa boemo jwa gagwe mo botshelong. Le fa go ntse jalo, bothata jo bogolo jwa ga Master George ke gore, moragonyana mo botshelong jwa gagwe, o tlogela bontsi jwa ditiro tsa gagwe tsa lelapa, re sa re sepe ka ponalo yotlhe ya maemo a a kwa godimo, fa a simolola go apara diaparo tsa letalo le go tsamayatsaea ditsela tsa selegae (gantsi bosigo) ka baesekele ya motoro. Mo tirong eno, o dira ditsala, kgotsa go na le moo o ratana le "mosimane" wa se-legae a le mongwe kgotsa ba babedi, bogolo jang motho yo o bidiwang Robbie, yo George a mmitsang Tigger go ya ka mantswe a ga Winnie-the-Pooh (a ntshetsa pele karolo ya gagwe ya ga Christopher Robin). Ga go na yo mongwe yo o tšeang seno e le se se monate, segolobogolo fa Robbie a simolola go nna mo maemong a ba bangwe ba ba solofetseng go rua thoto ya lelapa. Le fa karolo eno ya polelo e neela drama nngwe, ga go na tlhaelo ya drama ya batho le dikgotlhang, ya bokoa jwa motho le boikgantsho, kwa felong gongwe mo bukaneng eno. Mo nakong yotlhe eno, lentswe la mmaagwe mokwadi le neela kganyetso e nnye mo ponong le megopolo ya ga Miranda Seymour ka boyena. Seymour o ne a amogela Maseka a PEN/Ackerley bakeng sa kgopotso ya gagwe ka 2008. == Dikgokagano tsa kwa ntle == * [http://www.mirandaseymour.com/ Official homepage] * [http://www.abc.net.au/rn/bookshow/stories/2007/1884759.htm] Transcript of interview with [[:en:Ramona_Koval|Ramona Koval]], [[:en:The_Book_Show|The Book Show]], [[:en:ABC_Radio_National|ABC Radio National]] 1 April 2007 * [http://www.nybooks.com/articles/21790 'The Knife by the Handle at Last'] [[:en:Tim_Parks|Tim Parks]] review of ''Thrumpton Hall: A Memoir of Life in My Father's House'' from ''[[:en:The_New_York_Review_of_Books|The New York Review of Books]]'' * [http://www.englishpen.org/prizes/ackerleyprize/] PEN/Ackerley Prize citation. djynschbm7v083t7wel7knv568xw8bf 0 15411 56036 2026-09-30T13:12:56Z Legodzomela 12497 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360447640|Department of National Intelligence and Security (South Africa)]]" 56036 wikitext text/x-wiki Go ne go na le ditiro tse nne tse dikgolo tsa lefapha le lentšwa. Ya ntlha e ne e le go thibela go tsena ga ANC le lefapha la yone la sesole ke maloko a ditirelo tsa tshireletso tsa Aforika Borwa.<ref name="OBrien">{{Cite book |last=O'Brien |first=Kevin A |year=2011 |title=The South African intelligence services: from apartheid to Democracy, 1948-2005. |publisher=Taylor and Francis |isbn=978-0-203-84061-0 |location=Abingdon, Oxfordshire}}</ref>: Chp4  Sa bobedi, kokoanya tshedimosetso ka ga maikaelelo le maano a puso ya Aforikaborwa.<ref name="OBrien" />:Chp4  Sa boraro, fokotsa tshenyo e e ka tswang e diragetse ka ntlha ya go tsena ga baemedi ba ditirelo tsa tshireletso tsa Aforikaborwa.<ref name="OBrien" />:: Chp4  Mme la bofelo, go thusa mo go batlisiseng dilo tse di mo teng ga Aforikaborwa tse di ka dirwang go nna ditiro tse di ka nnang teng.<ref name="OBrien" /> :: Chp4  2u4nn6l5zk0h2om03e5u12t9lbdp4d1 0 15412 56038 2026-09-30T13:28:23Z HoneyyR 12494 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351159770|Samuel Orace Dunn]]" 56038 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Orace Dunn''' (Mopitlwe 8, 1877 – Ferikgong 4, 1958) e ne e le rakgwebo wa Moamerika le mopholosi wa makasine, yo o neng a dira segolo thata mo go tsa dinamelwa. == Baekerafi == Dunn o tsholetswe kwa Bloomfield, Iowa, ka Mopitlwe 8, 1877. O simolotse go goeta mofuta wa dikgang a le dingwaga di le 12. <ref name="NYT-obit" /> O ithutile tiro ya go gatisa morago ga go fetsa sekolo se se golwane, mme e ne e le morulaganyi wa lokwalodikgang lwa ''Quitman (Mo.) Record'' (1895–1896) le mothusi wa morulaganyi wa ''Maryville (Mo.) Tribune'' (1896–1900). Go tloga ka 1900 go fitlha ka 1904, o diretse jaaka mmega-dikgang, mme morago a nna morulaganyi wa dikwalo tsa baeteledipele, wa lokwalodikgang lwa ''Kansas City Journal'' (kwa Kansas City, Missouri), mme ka 1904 go fitlha ka 1907 o ne a dira le ''Chicago Tribune'' jaaka morulaganyi wa tsa terene le morulaganyi wa dikwalo tsa baeteledipele. Ka 1907, o nna morulaganyi yo o okametseng wa ''Railway Age'' (eo ka nako eo e neng e bidiwa ''Railroad Age Gazette''), le morulaganyi wa yona morago ga dingwaga di le nne. O tswelele e le morulaganyi mogolo wa makasine oo o neng o gatisiwa beke le beke ka dingwaga di le 37, go tloga ka 1911 go fitlha ka 1948. O ne a nna morulaganyi yo mogolo wa makasine o o neng o gatisiwa beke le beke ka nako eo ka dingwaga di le 37, go tloga ka 1911 go ya go 1948. <ref name="NYT-obit">{{Cite news|title=Samuel Dunn Sr., Ex-Publisher, 80|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1958/01/06/archives/samuel-dbnn-sr-expliblisher-80-x-former-head-of-simmons-boardman.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 6, 1958|page=39}}</ref> Gape o ne a kwala diathikele le go di aba mo makasineng le dikwalodikgang di le mmalwa tse dingwe, a bua thata ka dintlha tsa dinamelwa (tsa terene), e bile e le mmuledi yo o sa cheng sepe wa go emela le go buela intaseteri ya diterene. Ka 1931, Dunn o ile a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetulo wa boto le motlhanka yo mogolo wa tsamaiso (CEO) wa Khamphani ya Kgatiso ya Simmons-Boardman, e rile pele a direla e le mongwe wa bafatisi ba khamphani eo. <ref name="NYT-obit" /> O ile a tlogela tiro ya go nna modulasetulo wa boto ka 1950.<ref name="NYT-obit" /> Ka nako ya leso lwa gagwe, e ne e le modulasetulo wa tlotla (chairman emeritus) wa Khamphani ya Kgatiso ya Simmons-Boardman. O kwadile jaana: * ''Potso ya Dinamelwa ya Amerika'' (1912) * ''Bong enyi jwa Mmuso jwa Diterena'' (1913) * ''Molawana wa Diterene kgotsa Bong?'' (1918) * ''Bong enyi jwa Setšhaba jwa Ditirelo tsa Setšhaba'' (1919), mmogo le William Bennett Munro, John Martin, le Delos Franklin Wilcox "Letsatsi la Sam Dunn" le ne la ketekwa kwa Mmusong wa Diterene wa Chicago (Chicago Railroad Fair) ka Phatwe 16, 1948, go gopola le go tlotlaabe diabe tsa gagwe mo intasetering ya diterene. O ne a bidiwa "Malome Orace" go tswa mo leitsing la gagwe la magareng ke bomonnawe le bomakegolo. Leina la magareng le ne le dirisiwa ke maloko a mangwe a baleloko ba banna, mme simologo ya leina leo ga e itsege.. Dunn o tlhokafetse ka Ferikgong 4, 1958, kwa Bookelong ya Grant kwa Chicago. <ref name="NYT-obit" /> == Ditshupiso == {{reflist}} 8q7et4sl5hp420xfk3ne4ps1a7c10jt 0 15413 56040 2026-09-30T13:49:57Z Muzi makama 12524 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377209810|County Hall, Longford]]" 56040 wikitext text/x-wiki == Hisetori == Lefelo le amana le County Hall le nne la dirisiwa jaaka mmaraka wa dikoko. Dikopano tsa Lekgotla la Kgaolo ya Longford di ne di kile tsa tshwarelwa kwa Ntlong ya Kgotlatshekelo ya Longford mme go ne go tlhomilwe ofisi ya mokwaledi wa kgaolo kwa Dublin Road. Dikopano tsa khansele ya kgaolo le tsamaiso ya kgaolo di ne tsa fudugetse kwa dikagong tsa segompieno kwa Holong e ntsha ya Kgaolo mo Mmileng wa Great Water ka 1992 . Ka ngwaga wa 2018 khansele ya kgaolo e itsisitse ditshitshinyo tsa borogo jo boswa jo bo sa golaganyang Holo ya Kgaolo le lefelo la boikutso ya Kagiso yaga Albert Reynolds. [[Karolo:Coordinates on Wikidata]] niqmjvitpofr569wijjebtstl7g21z4 56069 56040 2026-09-30T20:34:21Z Muzi makama 12524 done 56069 wikitext text/x-wiki == Hisetori == [[Setshwantsho:Longford - Carrigglas Manor House - North view - geograph.org.uk - 1629016.jpg|thumb|halo ya longford]] '''Lefelo''' le amana le County [[Hall]] le nne la dirisiwa jaaka mmaraka wa dikoko. Dikopano tsa Lekgotla la Kgaolo ya Longford di ne di kile tsa tshwarelwa kwa Ntlong ya Kgotlatshekelo ya Longford mme go ne go tlhomilwe ofisi ya mokwaledi wa kgaolo kwa Dublin Road. Dikopano tsa khansele ya kgaolo le tsamaiso ya kgaolo di ne tsa fudugetse kwa dikagong tsa segompieno kwa Holong e ntsha ya Kgaolo mo Mmileng wa Great Water ka 1992 . Ka ngwaga wa [[2010 fifa world cup|2018]] khansele ya kgaolo e itsisitse ditshitshinyo tsa borogo jo boswa jo bo sa golaganyang Holo ya Kgaolo le lefelo la boikutso ya Kagiso yaga Albert Reynolds.[https://www.longfordvillagehall.org/the-committee 1] == Ditsupetso == [[Karolo:Coordinates on Wikidata]] 89mpqw03nr1hnxu4x923q159bwkmtmq 0 15414 56041 2026-09-30T13:54:05Z HoneyyR 12494 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1157662708|Teddy & Alice]]" 56041 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |''Teddy & Alice'' |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Teddy&Alice.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Teddy&Alice.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Logo</div> |- ! scope="row" class="infobox-label" |Mmino | class="infobox-data" |[[:en:John_Philip_Sousa|John Philip Sousa]] [[:en:Richard_Kapp|Richard Kapp]] |- ! scope="row" class="infobox-label" |Mafoko a Mmino | class="infobox-data" |[[:en:Hal_Hackady|Hal Hackady]] |- ! scope="row" class="infobox-label" |[[:en:Book_(musical_theatre)|Bukana]] | class="infobox-data" |[[:en:Jerome_Alden|Jerome Alden]] |- ! scope="row" class="infobox-label" |Motheo | class="infobox-data" |Polelo e e tlhamiweng ya kamano magareng ga [[:en:Teddy_Roosevelt|Teddy Roosevelt]] le morwadie, [[:en:Alice_Roosevelt_Longworth|Alice]] {| class="infobox vevent" ! scope="row" class="infobox-label" |Ditlhahiso | class="infobox-data" |1987 [[:en:Broadway_theatre|Broadway]] |} |} '''''Teddy & Alice''''' ke motshameko wa mmino o o nang le bukana e e kwadilweng ke Jerome Alden, mafoko a mmino a kwadilweng ke Hal Hackady, le mmino o o tlwaelanweng go tswa mo tirong ya ga John Philip Sousa, mmogo le dipina tse di ntshwa di le mmalwa tse di dirilweng ke Richard Kapp. Mo dikgaolong tsa ntlha thata, Alan Jay Lerner o ne a aba dilo dingwe tsa go kwala pele a tlhokafala. Motshameko ono wa go rata lefatshe o lebisitse kwa go kamano ya ga Moporesidente Theodore Roosevelt le morwadie yo o matlhagatlhaga ka nako ya puso ya gagwe mo Ntlong e Tshweu (White House). E le motho yo o ikemetseng ka nosi ka thata, Alice outa (o goga motsoko), o apara ka tsela e e kgatlhang kgotsa e e tsosang kgahlego, mme o bua mogopolo wa gagwe ka dintlha tsa mabu a sele mo motlheng o basetsana ba ba boleta ba lebeletsweng go bonwa fela mme ba sa utlwale. Mathata a simolola fa a simolola botsalano jwa lerato le mopalamente wa kgaolo e e rileng wa mofumagadi yo mogolo thata Nicholas Longworth (kgotsa: le Mopalamente Nicholas Longworth yo o mogolo thata ka dingwaga). Henry Cabot Lodge, Elihu Root, J. P. Morgan, Ida Tarbell, William Howard Taft, Samuel Gompers, le Franklin le Eleanor Roosevelt ke bangwe ba batho ba histori ba ba tlhagelelang. <ref name="guide">{{Cite web |title=Teddy and Alice |url=http://www.guidetomusicaltheatre.com/shows_t/teddy_alice.htm |access-date=October 24, 2013 |website=GuideToMusicalTheatre.com}}</ref> == Kumo == Morago ga dipontsho di le lesome le engwe, tlhagiso ya Broadway, e e neng e kaelwa ke John Driver mme e opelwa/e binwa ka taolo ya ga Donald Saddler, e ne ya bulwa ka Ngwanatsele 12, 1987 kwa Minskoff Theatre, kwa e neng ya tshamekiwa gotswa foo ka makgetlo a le 77. Bomantswe le batshameki ba ne ba akaretsa Len Cariou, Beth Fowler, Ron Raines, Nancy Opel, le Karen Ziemba . <ref name="guide" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teddy & Alice (Broadway, Minskoff Theatre, 1987) |url=https://playbill.com/production/teddy-alice-minskoff-theatre-vault-0000002341 |access-date=May 30, 2023 |website=Playbill}}</ref> == Dipina == === Act I === * The Thunderer * This House * But Not Right Now * She's Got to Go * The Fourth of July * Charge * Battlelines * The Coming-Out Party Dance * Leg o' Mutton * Not Love * Her Father's Daughter * Perfect for Each Other * He's Got to Go * Wave the Flag === Act II === * The Fourth of July (Reprise) * Nothing to Lose * Election Eve * Perfect for Each Other (Reprise) * Can I Let Her Go? * Private Thoughts * This House (Reprise)   == Kamogelo == ''Teddy & Alice'' ba ne ba akantsha gore mathata a ga Roosevelt le morwadie Alice a ne a bakwa ke go tshwenyega thata ka mosadi wa gagwe wa ntlha yo o tlhokafetseng. shekatsheko ya tlhaloganyo (psychoanalysis) le dipina di le dintsi tsa ga Sousa tse di tlwaelesegileng tse di kopantsweng le mafoko a mantshwa a mmino ga di a ka tsa kgatlha baswayaswaya kgotsa bareetsi.Frank Rich wa mo lokwalong lwa dikgang lwa ''The New York Times'' o ne a bapisa motshameko ono le "pontsho ya nako ya boikhutso ya motshameko wa kgwele ya dinao wa sekolo se segolwane" mme a kgalang baetsisi ba motshameko ka go dirisa leina la ga Alan Jay Lerner: "Fa ba bopi ba motshameko ba ne ba na le tlotlo epe ka mo tlhokafetseng, ba ka bo ba sa neela Rre Lerner yo o sena sireletso sepe kabelo ya 'molao' wa botaki" ka ntlha ya motshameko o o maswe jaana. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Rich|first=Frank|title=Theater: A Musical, 'Teddy and Alice'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/13/theater/theater-a-musical-teddy-and-alice.html|access-date=May 30, 2023|work=The New York Times|date=November 13, 1987}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} == Dikgokagano tsa kwa ntle == * Teddy & Alice​ kwa Motheong wa Tshedimosetso ya Broadway (Internet Broadway Database) [[Karolo:Articles with short description]] m0z1amdco2vf6ehxnr3837aiv1zb39b 2 15415 56042 2026-09-30T14:00:02Z Canana12 12484 Bolded main text 56042 wikitext text/x-wiki Leruo Temo-thuo ya '''leruo''' ke go rua diphologolo gore di dirisiwe kgotsa go itlhedisa bodutu. Leruo le akaretsa dikgomo tsa nama le tsa mašwi, dikolobe, dinku, dipodi, dipitse, ditonki, dinare le dikamela; go rua dinonyane ka maitlhomo a kgwebo ya nama kgotsa ya mae e sekasekiwa kwa thoko. '''Leruo''' le bopa mothopo o o botlhokwa wa tlholego mo Kgaolong ya Borwa jwa Aforika, mo e batlang e le go feta 60% ya lefatshe lotlhe la kgaolo eno e le e e siametseng temo-thuo ya leruo, mme di tsenya letsogo go le gontsi mo Tshireletsegong ya Dijo (Food Security) mo kgaolong yotlhe ya Mokgatlho wa Tlhabololo ya Borwa jwa Aforika(SADC).Methopo ya diphologo tsa polasi mo SADC e humile mme e farologane fela thata, ka dipalopalo tsa leruo mo SADC tse di fapholetswang go dikgomo di le dimilione di le 64, dinku di le dimilione di le 39, dipodi di le dimilione di le 38, dikolobe di le dimilione di le 7, di pitse di le milione o le mongwe le dikoko/dinonyane tsa polasi di le dimilione di le 380. Ka setso, diphologolo tse tsa polasi ke mothopo wa dijo, matlalo, motshotelo/moremogolo, maatla a go goga (ditiro tsa temo), melemo le dilo tse dingwe tse di dirisiwang go tswa go tsona ka lebakeng la baagi ba kgaolo eno. Go fopholetswa gore 75% ya palopalo eno ya leruo e ruilwe tlhase ga ditsamaiso tsa temo tsa balemirui ba bannye. Le fa Ntsho-leruo (Livestock Production) e neela kgaolo ya SADC tšhono ya kgolo e e potlako ya ikonomi, ntsho-leruo e e kwa tlase, tlhokego ya taolo e e nonofileng ya malwetse a diphologolo, tlhokego ya mafaratlhatlha a go bapa ga mebaraka, phitlhelelo e e bokoa ya mebaraka ya dikuno tsa leruo, mmogo le tlhokego ya go nna teng ga tshedimosetso le mabaka a mangwe a a tsamaelanang, di kgoreletsa kgaolo eno go fitlhelela maitlhomo a yona a go ikantsa ka bonosi mo dikunong tsa leruo. tsgllkbli8eciawqhykrljpld45wzcs 56044 56042 2026-09-30T14:10:29Z Canana12 12484 Added references 56044 wikitext text/x-wiki Leruo Temo-thuo ya '''leruo''' ke go rua diphologolo gore di dirisiwe kgotsa go itlhedisa bodutu. Leruo le akaretsa dikgomo tsa nama le tsa mašwi, dikolobe, dinku, dipodi, dipitse, ditonki, dinare le dikamela; go rua dinonyane ka maitlhomo a kgwebo ya nama kgotsa ya mae e sekasekiwa kwa thoko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-07 |title=Livestock farming {{!}} Definition, Methods, Breeds, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/livestock-farming |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> '''Leruo''' le bopa mothopo o o botlhokwa wa tlholego mo Kgaolong ya Borwa jwa Aforika, mo e batlang e le go feta 60% ya lefatshe lotlhe la kgaolo eno e le e e siametseng temo-thuo ya leruo, mme di tsenya letsogo go le gontsi mo Tshireletsegong ya Dijo (Food Security) mo kgaolong yotlhe ya Mokgatlho wa Tlhabololo ya Borwa jwa Aforika(SADC).Methopo ya diphologo tsa polasi mo SADC e humile mme e farologane fela thata, ka dipalopalo tsa leruo mo SADC tse di fapholetswang go dikgomo di le dimilione di le 64, dinku di le dimilione di le 39, dipodi di le dimilione di le 38, dikolobe di le dimilione di le 7, di pitse di le milione o le mongwe le dikoko/dinonyane tsa polasi di le dimilione di le 380. Ka setso, diphologolo tse tsa polasi ke mothopo wa dijo, matlalo, motshotelo/moremogolo, maatla a go goga (ditiro tsa temo), melemo le dilo tse dingwe tse di dirisiwang go tswa go tsona ka lebakeng la baagi ba kgaolo eno. Go fopholetswa gore 75% ya palopalo eno ya leruo e ruilwe tlhase ga ditsamaiso tsa temo tsa balemirui ba bannye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livestock Production {{!}} SADC |url=https://www.sadc.int/pillars/livestock-production |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.sadc.int}}</ref> Le fa Ntsho-leruo (Livestock Production) e neela kgaolo ya SADC tšhono ya kgolo e e potlako ya ikonomi, ntsho-leruo e e kwa tlase, tlhokego ya taolo e e nonofileng ya malwetse a diphologolo, tlhokego ya mafaratlhatlha a go bapa ga mebaraka, phitlhelelo e e bokoa ya mebaraka ya dikuno tsa leruo, mmogo le tlhokego ya go nna teng ga tshedimosetso le mabaka a mangwe a a tsamaelanang, di kgoreletsa kgaolo eno go fitlhelela maitlhomo a yona a go ikantsa ka bonosi mo dikunong tsa leruo. <references /> jdr3uqvnzlo2vkdzj4e1onfjg889ptw 56046 56044 2026-09-30T14:12:10Z Canana12 12484 Added reference heading 56046 wikitext text/x-wiki <big>Leruo</big> Temo-thuo ya '''leruo''' ke go rua diphologolo gore di dirisiwe kgotsa go itlhedisa bodutu. Leruo le akaretsa dikgomo tsa nama le tsa mašwi, dikolobe, dinku, dipodi, dipitse, ditonki, dinare le dikamela; go rua dinonyane ka maitlhomo a kgwebo ya nama kgotsa ya mae e sekasekiwa kwa thoko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-07 |title=Livestock farming {{!}} Definition, Methods, Breeds, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/livestock-farming |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> '''Leruo''' le bopa mothopo o o botlhokwa wa tlholego mo Kgaolong ya Borwa jwa Aforika, mo e batlang e le go feta 60% ya lefatshe lotlhe la kgaolo eno e le e e siametseng temo-thuo ya leruo, mme di tsenya letsogo go le gontsi mo Tshireletsegong ya Dijo (Food Security) mo kgaolong yotlhe ya Mokgatlho wa Tlhabololo ya Borwa jwa Aforika(SADC).Methopo ya diphologo tsa polasi mo SADC e humile mme e farologane fela thata, ka dipalopalo tsa leruo mo SADC tse di fapholetswang go dikgomo di le dimilione di le 64, dinku di le dimilione di le 39, dipodi di le dimilione di le 38, dikolobe di le dimilione di le 7, di pitse di le milione o le mongwe le dikoko/dinonyane tsa polasi di le dimilione di le 380. Ka setso, diphologolo tse tsa polasi ke mothopo wa dijo, matlalo, motshotelo/moremogolo, maatla a go goga (ditiro tsa temo), melemo le dilo tse dingwe tse di dirisiwang go tswa go tsona ka lebakeng la baagi ba kgaolo eno. Go fopholetswa gore 75% ya palopalo eno ya leruo e ruilwe tlhase ga ditsamaiso tsa temo tsa balemirui ba bannye. Le fa Ntsho-leruo (Livestock Production) e neela kgaolo ya SADC tšhono ya kgolo e e potlako ya ikonomi, ntsho-leruo e e kwa tlase, tlhokego ya taolo e e nonofileng ya malwetse a diphologolo, tlhokego ya mafaratlhatlha a go bapa ga mebaraka, phitlhelelo e e bokoa ya mebaraka ya dikuno tsa leruo, mmogo le tlhokego ya go nna teng ga tshedimosetso le mabaka a mangwe a a tsamaelanang, di kgoreletsa kgaolo eno go fitlhelela maitlhomo a yona a go ikantsa ka bonosi mo dikunong tsa leruo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livestock Production {{!}} SADC |url=https://www.sadc.int/pillars/livestock-production |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.sadc.int}}</ref> == Ditshupo: == <references /> 90dttz48m47s9xqmcumhfay2h89rfyb 56047 56046 2026-09-30T14:15:02Z Canana12 12484 Created a link 56047 wikitext text/x-wiki <big>Leruo</big> Temo-thuo ya '''leruo''' ke go rua diphologolo gore di dirisiwe kgotsa go itlhedisa bodutu. Leruo le akaretsa dikgomo tsa nama le tsa mašwi, dikolobe, dinku, dipodi, dipitse, ditonki, dinare le dikamela; go rua dinonyane ka maitlhomo a kgwebo ya nama kgotsa ya mae e sekasekiwa kwa thoko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-07 |title=Livestock farming {{!}} Definition, Methods, Breeds, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/livestock-farming |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> '''Leruo''' le bopa mothopo o o botlhokwa wa tlholego mo Kgaolong ya Borwa jwa Aforika, mo e batlang e le go feta 60% ya lefatshe lotlhe la kgaolo eno e le e e siametseng temo-thuo ya leruo, mme di tsenya letsogo go le gontsi mo Tshireletsegong ya Dijo (Food Security) mo kgaolong yotlhe ya [https://www.sadc.int/pillars/livestock-production Mokgatlho wa Tlhabololo ya Borwa jwa Aforika(SADC)].Methopo ya diphologo tsa polasi mo SADC e humile mme e farologane fela thata, ka dipalopalo tsa leruo mo SADC tse di fapholetswang go dikgomo di le dimilione di le 64, dinku di le dimilione di le 39, dipodi di le dimilione di le 38, dikolobe di le dimilione di le 7, di pitse di le milione o le mongwe le dikoko/dinonyane tsa polasi di le dimilione di le 380. Ka setso, diphologolo tse tsa polasi ke mothopo wa dijo, matlalo, motshotelo/moremogolo, maatla a go goga (ditiro tsa temo), melemo le dilo tse dingwe tse di dirisiwang go tswa go tsona ka lebakeng la baagi ba kgaolo eno. Go fopholetswa gore 75% ya palopalo eno ya leruo e ruilwe tlhase ga ditsamaiso tsa temo tsa balemirui ba bannye. Le fa Ntsho-leruo (Livestock Production) e neela kgaolo ya SADC tšhono ya kgolo e e potlako ya ikonomi, ntsho-leruo e e kwa tlase, tlhokego ya taolo e e nonofileng ya malwetse a diphologolo, tlhokego ya mafaratlhatlha a go bapa ga mebaraka, phitlhelelo e e bokoa ya mebaraka ya dikuno tsa leruo, mmogo le tlhokego ya go nna teng ga tshedimosetso le mabaka a mangwe a a tsamaelanang, di kgoreletsa kgaolo eno go fitlhelela maitlhomo a yona a go ikantsa ka bonosi mo dikunong tsa leruo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livestock Production {{!}} SADC |url=https://www.sadc.int/pillars/livestock-production |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.sadc.int}}</ref> == Ditshupo: == <references /> cxs5hen24bfjs27l4jb3pm72zc1v6ax 56048 56047 2026-09-30T14:27:14Z Canana12 12484 Added Categories 56048 wikitext text/x-wiki Leruo Temo-thuo ya '''leruo''' ke go rua diphologolo gore di dirisiwe kgotsa go itlhedisa bodutu. Leruo le akaretsa dikgomo tsa nama le tsa mašwi, dikolobe, dinku, dipodi, dipitse, ditonki, dinare le dikamela; go rua dinonyane ka maitlhomo a kgwebo ya nama kgotsa ya mae e sekasekiwa kwa thoko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-07 |title=Livestock farming {{!}} Definition, Methods, Breeds, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/livestock-farming |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> '''Leruo''' le bopa mothopo o o botlhokwa wa tlholego mo Kgaolong ya Borwa jwa Aforika, mo e batlang e le go feta 60% ya lefatshe lotlhe la kgaolo eno e le e e siametseng temo-thuo ya leruo, mme di tsenya letsogo go le gontsi mo Tshireletsegong ya Dijo (Food Security) mo kgaolong yotlhe ya [https://www.sadc.int/pillars/livestock-production Mokgatlho wa Tlhabololo ya Borwa jwa Aforika(SADC)]. Methopo ya diphologo tsa polasi mo SADC e humile mme e farologane fela thata, ka dipalopalo tsa leruo mo SADC tse di fapholetswang go dikgomo di le dimilione di le 64, dinku di le dimilione di le 39, dipodi di le dimilione di le 38, dikolobe di le dimilione di le 7, di pitse di le milione o le mongwe le dikoko/dinonyane tsa polasi di le dimilione di le 380. Ka setso, diphologolo tse tsa polasi ke mothopo wa dijo, matlalo, motshotelo/moremogolo, maatla a go goga (ditiro tsa temo), melemo le dilo tse dingwe tse di dirisiwang go tswa go tsona ka lebakeng la baagi ba kgaolo eno. Go fopholetswa gore 75% ya palopalo eno ya leruo e ruilwe tlhase ga ditsamaiso tsa temo tsa balemirui ba bannye. Le fa Ntsho-leruo (Livestock Production) e neela kgaolo ya SADC tšhono ya kgolo e e potlako ya ikonomi, ntsho-leruo e e kwa tlase, tlhokego ya taolo e e nonofileng ya malwetse a diphologolo, tlhokego ya mafaratlhatlha a go bapa ga mebaraka, phitlhelelo e e bokoa ya mebaraka ya dikuno tsa leruo, mmogo le tlhokego ya go nna teng ga tshedimosetso le mabaka a mangwe a a tsamaelanang, di kgoreletsa kgaolo eno go fitlhelela maitlhomo a yona a go ikantsa ka bonosi mo dikunong tsa leruo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livestock Production {{!}} SADC |url=https://www.sadc.int/pillars/livestock-production |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.sadc.int}}</ref> == Ditshupo: == <references /> [[Karolo:Farming]] [[Karolo:Livestock]] a7cfxzz3rl0gd4swusbcetl70qldozg 56049 56048 2026-09-30T14:32:11Z Canana12 12484 Inserted an Image 56049 wikitext text/x-wiki Leruo [[Setshwantsho:Flock of sheep.jpg|thumb|Dinku ke dingwe tsa diphologolo tse di ruiwang.]] Temo-thuo ya '''leruo''' ke go rua diphologolo gore di dirisiwe kgotsa go itlhedisa bodutu. Leruo le akaretsa dikgomo tsa nama le tsa mašwi, dikolobe, dinku, dipodi, dipitse, ditonki, dinare le dikamela; go rua dinonyane ka maitlhomo a kgwebo ya nama kgotsa ya mae e sekasekiwa kwa thoko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-07 |title=Livestock farming {{!}} Definition, Methods, Breeds, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/livestock-farming |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> '''Leruo''' le bopa mothopo o o botlhokwa wa tlholego mo Kgaolong ya Borwa jwa Aforika, mo e batlang e le go feta 60% ya lefatshe lotlhe la kgaolo eno e le e e siametseng temo-thuo ya leruo, mme di tsenya letsogo go le gontsi mo Tshireletsegong ya Dijo (Food Security) mo kgaolong yotlhe ya [https://www.sadc.int/pillars/livestock-production Mokgatlho wa Tlhabololo ya Borwa jwa Aforika(SADC)]. Methopo ya diphologo tsa polasi mo SADC e humile mme e farologane fela thata, ka dipalopalo tsa leruo mo SADC tse di fapholetswang go dikgomo di le dimilione di le 64, dinku di le dimilione di le 39, dipodi di le dimilione di le 38, dikolobe di le dimilione di le 7, di pitse di le milione o le mongwe le dikoko/dinonyane tsa polasi di le dimilione di le 380. Ka setso, diphologolo tse tsa polasi ke mothopo wa dijo, matlalo, motshotelo/moremogolo, maatla a go goga (ditiro tsa temo), melemo le dilo tse dingwe tse di dirisiwang go tswa go tsona ka lebakeng la baagi ba kgaolo eno. Go fopholetswa gore 75% ya palopalo eno ya leruo e ruilwe tlhase ga ditsamaiso tsa temo tsa balemirui ba bannye. Le fa Ntsho-leruo (Livestock Production) e neela kgaolo ya SADC tšhono ya kgolo e e potlako ya ikonomi, ntsho-leruo e e kwa tlase, tlhokego ya taolo e e nonofileng ya malwetse a diphologolo, tlhokego ya mafaratlhatlha a go bapa ga mebaraka, phitlhelelo e e bokoa ya mebaraka ya dikuno tsa leruo, mmogo le tlhokego ya go nna teng ga tshedimosetso le mabaka a mangwe a a tsamaelanang, di kgoreletsa kgaolo eno go fitlhelela maitlhomo a yona a go ikantsa ka bonosi mo dikunong tsa leruo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livestock Production {{!}} SADC |url=https://www.sadc.int/pillars/livestock-production |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.sadc.int}}</ref> == Ditshupo: == <references /> [[Karolo:Farming]] [[Karolo:Livestock]] 61b3h333wpoatgpk54ov8nsyceu926s 0 15416 56043 2026-09-30T14:09:12Z HoneyyR 12494 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370460752|Nic Sheff]]" 56043 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox person|name=Nic Sheff|birth_date=|birth_place=San Francisco, California, U.S.|known_for={{plainlist| *''Tweak: Growing Up On Methamphetamines'' (Mokwadi) *''We All Fall Down: Living with Addiction'' (Mokwadi) *''Beautiful Boy: A Father's Journey Through His Son's Addiction'' (O tlhagelela mo go yone)}}|father=David Sheff (Rre)|mother=Vicki Sheff (Mme)}} '''Nic Sheff''' ''ke mokwadi wa Moamerika. Ke mokwadi wa di-memoir di le pedi, go akaretsa le buka e e rekisiwang thata ya New York Times ya Tweak: Growing Up On Methamphetamines'' <ref name="Simon & Schuster">{{Cite book |last=Sheff |first=Nic |date=30 November 2020 |title=Tweak: Growing Up on Methamphetamines |url=https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Tweak/Nic-Sheff/9781534436572 |publisher=Atheneum Books for Young Readers |isbn=9781534436572}}</ref> ''e We All Fall Down: Living With Addiction.'' <ref name="Little Brown">{{Cite book |last=Sheff |first=Nic |date=30 November 2020 |title=We All Fall Down: Living With Addiction |url=https://www.lbyr.com/titles/nic-sheff/we-all-fall-down/9780316175890/ |publisher=Little, Brown Books for Young Readers |isbn=9780316175890}}</ref> ''Gape o kwadile dibuka di le mmalwa tsa baša le go kwadila dikgaolo tsa motseletsele wa The Killing, Recovery Road le 13 Reasons Why''. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nic Sheff |url=https://directories.wga.org/member/nicsheff/ |access-date=October 5, 2025 |website=[[Writers Guild of America]]}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Go tloga ka 2011, Sheff o ne a nna le mosadi wa gagwe kwa Los Angeles . <ref name="thefix.com">{{Cite web |date=3 December 2011 |title=Going Gay for Pay |url=https://www.thefix.com/content/gay-pay-meth-addiction-nic-cheff8899 |website=The Fix}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2011 |title=Nic Sheff On Going Gay For Pay |url=http://www.out.com/entertainment/books/2011/12/05/nic-sheff-going-gay-pay |website=[[Out.com]]}}</ref> == Madirolokgatiso == === Dikgakologelo (Memoir) === * Tweak: Growing Up On Methamphetamines (2008, Atheneum Books for Young Readers) * We All Fall Down: Living With Addiction (2011, Little, Brown Books for Young Readers) === Dipadi === * Schizo (2014, Philomel Books) * Harmony House (2016, HarperTeen) == Ditiro tse di tsamaelanang == Sheff ke ene setlhogo sa buka ya botshelo ya rre wa gagwe, David Sheff, e e reng Beautiful Boy: A Father's Journey Through His Son's Addiction, mme e ne e le moakanyisi mo diphetogong tsa yone tsa filimi ka 2018, koo a neng a tshamekiwa ke Timothée Chalamet. Ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe, Chalamet o ile a tlhophelwa Sekgele sa Golden Globe, Sekgele sa Screen Actors Guild, le Sekgele sa BAFTA, tsotlhe di le tsa Motshameki yo o Botlhokwa yo o Thusang (Supporting Actor). <ref name="IMDb">{{Cite web |date=30 November 2020 |title=Nic Sheff - IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2996954/ |website=Internet Movie Database}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{reflist}} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] acqkt2vcamepybpzoftdpo8hl9xizt6 0 15417 56050 2026-09-30T14:36:30Z Canana12 12484 Created an article 56050 wikitext text/x-wiki Leruo[[Setshwantsho:Flock of sheep.jpg|thumb|Dinku ke dingwe tsa diphologolo tse di ruiwang.]] Temo-thuo ya '''leruo''' ke go rua diphologolo gore di dirisiwe kgotsa go itlhedisa bodutu. Leruo le akaretsa dikgomo tsa nama le tsa mašwi, dikolobe, dinku, dipodi, dipitse, ditonki, dinare le dikamela; go rua dinonyane ka maitlhomo a kgwebo ya nama kgotsa ya mae e sekasekiwa kwa thoko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-07 |title=Livestock farming {{!}} Definition, Methods, Breeds, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/livestock-farming |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> '''Leruo''' le bopa mothopo o o botlhokwa wa tlholego mo Kgaolong ya Borwa jwa Aforika, mo e batlang e le go feta 60% ya lefatshe lotlhe la kgaolo eno e le e e siametseng temo-thuo ya leruo, mme di tsenya letsogo go le gontsi mo Tshireletsegong ya Dijo (Food Security) mo kgaolong yotlhe ya [https://www.sadc.int/pillars/livestock-production Mokgatlho wa Tlhabololo ya Borwa jwa Aforika(SADC)]. Methopo ya diphologo tsa polasi mo SADC e humile mme e farologane fela thata, ka dipalopalo tsa leruo mo SADC tse di fapholetswang go dikgomo di le dimilione di le 64, dinku di le dimilione di le 39, dipodi di le dimilione di le 38, dikolobe di le dimilione di le 7, di pitse di le milione o le mongwe le dikoko/dinonyane tsa polasi di le dimilione di le 380. Ka setso, diphologolo tse tsa polasi ke mothopo wa dijo, matlalo, motshotelo/moremogolo, maatla a go goga (ditiro tsa temo), melemo le dilo tse dingwe tse di dirisiwang go tswa go tsona ka lebakeng la baagi ba kgaolo eno. Go fopholetswa gore 75% ya palopalo eno ya leruo e ruilwe tlhase ga ditsamaiso tsa temo tsa balemirui ba bannye. Le fa Ntsho-leruo (Livestock Production) e neela kgaolo ya SADC tšhono ya kgolo e e potlako ya ikonomi, ntsho-leruo e e kwa tlase, tlhokego ya taolo e e nonofileng ya malwetse a diphologolo, tlhokego ya mafaratlhatlha a go bapa ga mebaraka, phitlhelelo e e bokoa ya mebaraka ya dikuno tsa leruo, mmogo le tlhokego ya go nna teng ga tshedimosetso le mabaka a mangwe a a tsamaelanang, di kgoreletsa kgaolo eno go fitlhelela maitlhomo a yona a go ikantsa ka bonosi mo dikunong tsa leruo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livestock Production {{!}} SADC |url=https://www.sadc.int/pillars/livestock-production |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.sadc.int}}</ref> == Ditshupo: == <references /> [[Karolo:Farming]] [[Karolo:Livestock]] jnrqnpyjk3srfkk9g3i2mdiqaggjajy 0 15418 56051 2026-09-30T14:37:15Z ~2026-52438-05 13227 ygyigu 56051 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Two people kissing under vail.jpg|thumb|love]] '''Dikgang tsa baratani''' '''Setswana''' se re dilo tsa botho ba le babedi ga di tsenwe. Baratani ba ka lwa gompieno mme mesong ba tsoga ba utlwana e le ditshego fela. O ka iphitlhitlhe o le marageng ga dintwa tsa batho ba le babedi ba rata o tshabe. Fa o le mongwe o ka nagana gore wa ba thusa fa o di tsena mme e se jalo ko go bone. ba ka lwa gompieno wa ba thusa ba go ithabelela, tsatsi leng o ba ka lwa wa di tsena ba supa wena ka monwana gore wa ba lwesa.<ref>[https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/relations/im-in-love-with-two-people-what-can-i-do/ In Love With Two People: What To Do | BetterHelp]</ref> Jaanong ke fa sekgoa sone se reng fa batho ba rata ba netefatse gore ba tshwaragang ka bo bone mme ba seka ba tsenya ope mo ditabeng tsa bone.Se re jaana ka gonne ga go ope yo a ka tlhalogayang ditaba tsa baratani ntle le baratani. Thuso ya gago e ka thusa kgotsa e ka senya sengwe le sengwe magareng ga bone. Go itse bone ba le babedi fela gore lerato la bone le tsamaya jaang.<ref>[[wikihow:Handle-Being-In-Love-With-Two-People|How to Handle Being in Love with Two People: Expert Advice]]</ref> Lerato le lentle thata fa le tsengwa ke bang ba lona ba le esi. Ba le lapa kgotsa ditsala ga ba tshwanela ke go tsena sepe sa baratani ka gonne le teng ba ne ba se gone fa ba ne ba kopana kwa di khoneng ba tlotla tsa bone. Ke gateletsa mafoko a me ker '''lerato''' le la batho ba le babedi fela.<ref>[https://www.yourtango.com/love/two-people-truly-love-each-other-depths-soul-naturally-do-these-things If Two People Truly Love Each Other From The Depths Of Their Soul, They’ll Naturally Do These 3 Things On A Regular Basis | Michael W. Regier, PhD | YourTango]</ref> == Reference == # [https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/relations/im-in-love-with-two-people-what-can-i-do/ In Love With Two People: What To Do | BetterHelp] # [[wikihow:Handle-Being-In-Love-With-Two-People|How to Handle Being in Love with Two People: Expert Advice]] # [https://www.yourtango.com/love/two-people-truly-love-each-other-depths-soul-naturally-do-these-things If Two People Truly Love Each Other From The Depths Of Their Soul, They’ll Naturally Do These 3 Things On A Regular Basis | Michael W. Regier, PhD | YourTango] [[Karolo:Love]] [[Karolo:People]] 4lo3b7oiae0wea7g85uuv29ywegn0qq 0 15419 56056 2026-09-30T15:01:11Z Reagoleboga 10854 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375364681|Swazi language]]" 56056 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[File:South_Africa_Swati_speakers_proportion_map.svg|thumb|Geographical distribution of Swati in South Africa: proportion of the population that speaks Swati at home. <templatestyles src="Image key/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{legend-col|{{legend|#EDF8E9|0–20%}}|{{legend|#BAE4B3|20–40%}}|{{legend|#74C476|40–60%}}|{{legend|#31A354|60–80%}}|{{legend|#006D2C|80–100%}}}}]] [[File:South_Africa_Swati_speakers_density_map.svg|thumb|Geographical distribution of Swati in South Africa: density of Swati home-language speakers. <templatestyles src="Image key/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{legend-col|{{legend|#ffffcc|&lt;1 /km²}}|{{legend|#ffeda0|1–3 /km²}}|{{legend|#fed976|3–10 /km²}}|{{legend|#feb24c|10–30 /km²}}|{{legend|#fd8d3c|30–100 /km²}}|{{legend|#fc4e2a|100–300 /km²}}|{{legend|#e31a1c|300–1000 /km²}}|{{legend|#bc0026|1000–3000 /km²}}|{{legend|#800026|&gt;3000 /km²}}}}]] Seswati kgotsa Seswati, gape se itsiwe ka Setswana e le Seswati, ke puo ya Bantu ya setlhopha sa Nguni e e buiwang kwa Eswatini (e e kileng ya bo e le Swaziland) le Afrika Borwa ke batho ba Seswati. Palo ya batho ba ba buang puo e go fopholediwa gore e ka nna dimilione di le 4,7 go akaretsa ba ba buang puo ya ntlha le ya bobedi. Puo e e rutwa kwa Eswatini le kwa dikolong dingwe tsa Afrika Borwa kwa Mpumalanga, segolo thata kwa mafelong a pele e neng e le a BaNgwane. Seswati ke puo ya semmuso ya Eswatini (mmogo le Seesimane), gape ke nngwe ya dipuo tsa semmuso di le lesome le bobedi tsa Aforika Borwa. Lereo la semmuso ke "siSwati" gareng ga batho ba ba buang Setswana jaaka puo ya bone; ka Seesemane, Sezulu, SeNdebele kgotsa SeXhosa e ka nna ya bidiwa Swazi. Seswati se amana thata le dipuo tse dingwe tsa Ba-Tekela, jaaka Se-Phuthi le Se-Ndebele sa Bokone sa Transvaal (Sumayela), mme gape se gaufi thata le dipuo tsa Se-Zunda: Sezulu, Se-Ndebele sa Borwa, Se-Ndebele sa Bokone le Se-Xhosa. == Maleme == Seswati se se buiwang kwa Eswatini se ka kgaoganngwa ka dipuo di le nnè tse di tsamaisanang le dikgaolo tse nnè tsa puso ya naga eno: Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini le Shiselweni. Seswati se na le bonnye mefuta e mebedi: mofuta o o tlwaelegileng, o o tlotlegang o o buiwang thata kwa bokone, bogare le kwa borwabophirima jwa naga, le mofuta o o sa tlotlegeng thata o o buiwang kwa mafelong a mangwe. Kwa borwa jo bo kgakala, segolo thata kwa ditoropong tse di jaaka Nhlangano le Hlatikhulu, dipuo tse di farologaneng tse di buiwang di tlhotlhelediwa thata ke Sezulu. Baswati ba le bantsi (bontsi emaSwati, bongwe liSwati), go akaretsa le ba ba kwa borwa ba ba buang mofuta ono, ga ba o tseye e le Seswati se se 'siameng.' Eno ke puo e go ka tweng ke puo ya bobedi e e buiwang mo nageng eno. Palo e kgolo ya batho ba ba buang Seswati mo Aforika Borwa (segolo mo porofenseng ya Mpumalanga, le kwa Soweto) ba tsewa ke batho ba ba buang Seswati sa kwa Eswatini gore ba bua puo e e sa tlwaelegang. Go farologana le mofuta o o kwa borwa jwa Eswatini, mofuta wa Mpumalanga o lebega o sa tlhotlhelediwa thata ke Sezulu, mme ka jalo o tsewa o le gaufi thata le Seswati se se tlwaelegileng. Le fa go ntse jalo, mofuta ono wa kwa Mpumalanga o farologanngwa ke tsela e e farologaneng ya go buela kwa godimo, mme gongwe le mekgwa e e farologaneng ya segalo. Mekgwa ya go buisa (le go sa itse gore 'kgatelelo' ke eng) mo Setswaneng sa Mpumalanga gantsi e tsewa e le e e sa tsamaisaneng le tsebe ya Setswana. Mofuta ono wa Se-Swati wa mo Afrika Borwa o tsewa o na le tlhotlheletso ya dipuo tse dingwe tsa mo Afrika Borwa tse di buiwang gaufi le Se-Swati. Sengwe se se tlhomologileng ka mofuta o o itsegeng thata wa Seswati (o o buiwang kwa bokone le kwa bogareng jwa Eswatini) ke mokgwa wa segosi wa go bua ka bonya, o o gatelelang thata, o go tweng fa o buiwa o utlwala o le monate mo bathong ba ba o reeditseng. == Diteng tsa mantswe == === Dinoko === {| class="wikitable" |+Swazi vowels ! !Front !Back |- style="text-align:center;" !Close |i |u |- style="text-align:center;" !Mid |ɛ~e |ɔ~o |- style="text-align:center;" !Open | colspan="2" |a |} === Ditumammogo === Se-Swazi ga se dire pharologanyo fa gare ga mafelo a go buisanwang ka one fa go itewa. A ka nna a nna mo leineng (jaaka [ ⁇ ]) kgotsa a ka nna a nna mo alveolar (jaaka [ ⁇ ]). Le fa go ntse jalo, e farologanya mekgwa e le metlhano kgotsa e le merataro ya go buela kwa godimo le go bitsa mafoko, go akarediwa le go buela kwa tlase, go buela kwa godimo, go buela kwa tlase, go buela kwa tlase, go buela kwa tlase, go buela kwa tlase ga molomo le go buela kwa godimo ga molomo. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Swazi consonants ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |Labial ! colspan="2" |Dental/<br /><br />Alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Lateral ! rowspan="2" |Post-<nowiki><br id="mwkw"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Velar ! colspan="2" |Glottal |- !<small>plain</small> !<small>nasal</small> !<small>plain</small> !<small>nasal</small> |- ! rowspan="3" |Click !<small>plain</small> | |ᵏǀ |ᵑǀ | | | | | |- !<small>aspirated</small> | |ᵏǀʰ |ᵑǀʰ | | | | | |- !<small>breathy</small> | |ᶢǀʱ |ᵑǀʱ | | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Nasal |m | colspan="2" |n | |ɲ |ŋ~ŋɡ | | |- ! rowspan="4" |Plosive !<small>ejective</small> |pʼ | colspan="2" |tʼ | | |kʼ~k̬ | | |- !<small>aspirated</small> |pʰ | colspan="2" |tʰ | | |kʰ | | |- !<small>breathy</small> |bʱ | colspan="2" |dʱ | | |ɡʱ | | |- !<small>implosive</small> |ɓ | colspan="2" | | | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Affricate !<small>voiceless</small> |tf | colspan="2" |tsʼ~tsʰ | |tʃʼ |kxʼ | | |- !<small>voiced</small> |dv | colspan="2" |dzʱ | |dʒʱ | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Fricative !<small>voiceless</small> |f | colspan="2" |s |ɬ |ʃ | |h |h̃ |- !<small>voiced</small> |v | colspan="2" |z |ɮ |ʒ | |ɦ |ɦ̃ |- ! colspan="2" |Approximant |w | colspan="2" | |l |j | | | |} Ditumammogo /tsʼ kʼ ŋ/ nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e na le di-allophone di le pedi. /tsʼ/ le /kʼ/ di ka tlhagelela jaaka medumo e e ntshang, [tsʼ] le [kʼ], kgotsa jaaka di-allophone tse dingwe tse di tlwaelegileng, [tsh] le [k ⁇ ]. Modumo wa /ŋ/ kwa tshimologong ya ditlhaka ke [ŋ], mme gantsi ke [ŋɡ] mo mafokong. === Modumo === Swazi e na le ditone di le tharo: e e kwa godimo, e e fa gare le e e kwa tlase. Tone ga e a kwalwa ka tsela e e tlwaelegileng ya go kwala mafoko. Ka tlwaelo, go tsewa gore go na le medumo e e kwa godimo le e e fa gare fela, mme modumo o o kwa tlase o laolwa ke modumo o o kwa tlase o o tlang pele ga one. Le fa go ntse jalo, Bradshaw (2003) o bolela gore medumo yotlhe e meraro e teng. Ditiragalo tsa modumo wa lentswe di akaretsa: * Fa thito e e seng ya modumo o o kwa godimo e amogela ketapele e e nang le modumo o o kwa godimo, modumo o o kwa godimo ono o ya kwa pele (kgotsa kwa pele, fa modumo o o kwa pele o le kwa tlase). * Go anama go go kwa godimo: ditumanosi tsotlhe tse di fa gare ga medumo e mebedi e e kwa godimo e nna medumo e e kwa godimo, fa fela go se na modumo o o gatelelang. Seno ga se direge fela mo teng ga lefoko, mme gape se direga le fa gare ga lefoko le le fa gare ga lediri le se le se buang. Ditumammogo tse di gatelelang tsotlhe ke dithibelo tse di utlwalang ntle le /ɓ/. Allophone [ŋ] ya /ŋɡ/ e lebega e le e e gatelelang melao e mengwe mme e seng e mengwe. == Mokwalo wa ditlhaka == [[File:Swazi_Wikipedia_screenshot.png|thumb|Screenshot of the Swazi-language Wikipedia]] === Ditumammogo === * a - [a] * e - [ɛ~e] * i - [i] * o - [ɔ~o] * u - [u] === Ditumammogo === * b - [ɓ] * bh - [bʱ] * c - [ᵏǀ] * ch - [ᵏǀʰ] * d - [dʱ] * dl - [ɮ] * dv - [dv] * dz - [dz] * f - [f] * g - [gʱ] * gc - [ᶢǀʱ] * h - [h] * hh - [ɦ] * hl - [ɬ] * j - [dʒʱ] * k - [kʼ, k̬] * kh - [kʰ] * kl - [kɬ] * l - [l] * m - [m] * mb - [mb] * n - [n] * nc - [ᵑǀ] * nch - [ᵑǀʰ] * ndl - [ⁿɮ] * ng - [ŋ, ŋɡ] * ngc - [ᵑǀʱ] * nhl - [ⁿɫ] * p - [pʼ] * ph - [pʰ] * q - [kʼ, k̬] * s - [s] * sh - [ʃ] * t - [tʼ] * tf - [tf] * th - [tʰ] * tj - [tʃʼ] * ts - [tsʼ, tsʰ] * v - [v] * w - [w] * y - [j] * z - [z] * zh - [ʒ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swati alphabet, pronunciation, and language |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/swati.php |access-date=10 July 2021 |website=Omniglot}}</ref> === Ditumammogo === * dvw - [dvʷ] * khw - [kʰʷ] * lw - [lʷ] * nkhw - [ᵑkʰʷ] * ngw - [ᵑ(g)ʷ] * sw - [sʷ] * vw - [vʷ] == Thutapuo == === Maina === Leina la Seswati (libito) le na le dikarolo tse pedi tse di botlhokwa, e leng seele (sicalo) le kutu (umsuka). Ka go dirisa maemedi, maina a ka kgaoganngwa ka ditlhopha tsa maina, tse di balwang ka go latelana, go dira gore go nne motlhofo go a bapisa le dipuo tse dingwe tsa Bantu Tafole e e latelang e naya tshobokanyo ya ditlhopha tsa maina a Seswati, a rulagantswe go ya ka dipara tsa bong-bontsi. {| class="wikitable" !Class !Singular !Plural |- |1/2 |um(u)-[a] |ba-, be- |- |1a/2a |Ø- |bo- |- |3/4 |um(u)-[a] |imi- |- |5/6 |li- |ema- |- |7/8 |s(i)-[b] |t(i)-[b] |- |9/10 |iN-[c] |tiN-[c] |- |11/10 |lu-, lw- |tiN-[c] |- |14 |bu-, b-, tj- | |- |15 |ku- | |- |17 |ku- | |}   === Madiri === Maemedi a dirisa di-affix tse di latelang go tlhalosa motho le selo: {| class="wikitable" !Person/<br /><br />Class !Prefix !Infix |- |1st sing. |ngi- | -ngi- |- |2nd sing. |u- | -wu- |- |1st plur. |si- | -si- |- |2nd plur. |ni- | -ni- |- |1 |u- | -m(u)- |- |2 |ba- | -ba- |- |3 |u- | -m(u)- |- |4 |i- | -yi- |- |5 |li- | -li- |- |6 |a- | -wa- |- |7 |si- | -si- |- |8 |ti- | -ti- |- |9 |i- | -yi- |- |10 |ti- | -ti- |- |11 |lu- | -lu- |- |14 |bu- | -bu- |- |15 |ku- | -ku- |- |17 |ku- | -ku- |- |reflexive | | -ti- |} == Go bala ka Swazi == === Go bala go tswa go 1 go ya go 10 === Mokgwa wa go bala o o dirisiwang mo menwaneng ya diatla o simolola ka monwana o monnye wa seatla sa molema go ya kwa monwaneng o mogolo wa seatla sa molema mme o tswelela ka monwana o monnye wa seatla sa molema go ya kwa monwaneng o monnye wa seatla sa molema. Go simololwa ka seatla se se tswetsweng sa molema, monwana mongwe le mongwe o ntshiwa ka palo nngwe le nngwe e e latelang go tloga go o le mongwe go ya go o le tlhano. Fa seatla sa molema se setse se bulegile, go balwa go tswelela pele mo seatleng sa moja ka monwana mongwe le mongwe o bulega ka go latelana. Go botlhokwa go lemoga gore ka Seswati, maina a dipalo tse thataro go ya go robong a bontsha leina la mmele wa dinomoro (thataro, sitsupha, e kaya "thumb"), tiro (supa, sikhombisa). {| class="wikitable" !IsiSwazi/isiSwati !English |- |{{Lang|sw|Kunye}} |One |- |{{Lang|sw|Kubili}} |Two |- |{{Lang|sw|Kutsatfu}} |Three |- |{{Lang|sw|Kune}} |Four |- |{{Lang|sw|Sihlanu}} |Five |- |{{Lang|sw|Sitsupha}} |Six |- |{{Lang|sw|Sikhombisa}} |Seven |- |{{Lang|sw|Siphohlongo}} |Eight |- |{{Lang|sw|Imfica}} |Nine |- |{{Lang|sw|Lishumi}} |Ten |- |{{Lang|sw|Likhulu}} |Hundred |- |{{Lang|sw|Inkhulungwane}} |Thousand |} == Dikgwedi == {| class="wikitable" |+Swazi month names !English !Swazi/Swati |- |January |{{Lang|ss|nguBhimbidvwane}} |- |February |{{Lang|ss|yiNdlovana}} |- |March |{{Lang|ss|yiNdlovulenkhulu}} |- |April |{{Lang|ss|nguMabasa}} |- |May |{{Lang|ss|yiNkhwekhweti}} |- |June |{{Lang|ss|yiNhlaba}} |- |July |{{Lang|ss|nguKholwane}} |- |August |{{Lang|ss|iNgci}} |- |September |{{Lang|ss|iNyoni}} |- |October |{{Lang|ss|iMphala}} |- |November |{{Lang|ss|Lweti}} |- |December |{{Lang|ss|yiNgongoni}} |} === Matsatsi a beke === {| class="wikitable" |+ !English !Swazi/Swati |- |Monday |Msombuluko |- |Tuesday |Lwesibili |- |Wednesday |Lwesitsatfu |- |Thursday |Lwesine |- |Friday |Lwesihlanu |- |Saturday |Mgcibelo |- |Sunday |LiSontfo |} == Sekao sa mokwalo == Sekai se se latelang sa mokwalo ke Setlhogo 1 sa Maiphako a Lefatshe Lotlhe a Ditshwanelo Tsa Botho: Batho botlhe ba na le kgololosego le seriti le ditshwanelo tse di lekanang. Ba neilwe tlhaloganyo le kitso mmogo le segakolodi mme ka jalo ba tshwanetse go kolobediwa le go tsholwa ka moya wa bokaulengwe. Kitsiso eno e balega jaana ka Seesemane: Batho botlhe ba na le kgololosego le seriti le ditshwanelo tse di lekanang. Ba neilwe tlhaloganyo le kitso mmogo le segakolodi mme ka jalo ba tshwanetse go kolobediwa le go tsholwa ka moya wa bokaulengwe. == Metswedi == == Metswedi ya kwa ntle == * [http://www.bisharat.net/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Swazi PanAfrican L10n page on Swazi] * [https://www.wakahina.co.za/ Tinanatelo ne Tibongo tema Swati] * [http://translate.org.za/ Project to translate Free Software into Swazi] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070324112647/http://translate.org.za/content/view/17/32/ Swazi edition of OpenOffice.org] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070114015602/http://translate.org.za/content/view/1610/54/ Swazi spell checker for OpenOffice.org and Mozilla (basic)] o2smga2c7p9bvfqrwh7f9koq8ztgz3l 0 15420 56057 2026-09-30T15:16:55Z ~2026-52438-05 13227 guihoih 56057 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kgatello ya balekane.''' [[Setshwantsho:Peer pressure 1-6.png|thumb|peer pressure]] '''Go''' le gantsi fa re gola ngwana ba le bantsi ba tsenwa ke kgatello ya balekane. kgatello ya balekane ke fa bana bangwe ba batla go tshwana le bana ba bangwe ka dilo tse ba nale tsone. Mme setwana sere malapa ga a lekane.O le motho o ka seke wa gapeletsa go tshwana le batho botlhe.<ref>[https://health.clevelandclinic.org/peer-pressure Peer Pressure: Examples and How To Deal With It]</ref> Se ke tlhoba boroko mo tikologong ya rona ba gonne bana ba lwena go lekana ka dilo tsotlhe. ngwana yo o tswang kwa lapeng le le sa atlegang sentle a ka se tshwane le ngwana wa kwa lapeng le le atlegileng. Mme se ga sa tshwanela ke go re fapagantsha re le batho,ka gonne gompieno ke wena nako e nngwe ke o mongwe.<ref>[https://health.clevelandclinic.org/peer-pressure Peer Pressure: Examples and How To Deal With It]</ref> Bana ba jaanong ga ba tlhologanye seo mme mo go bona ba bona go le kaone gore ba gapeletse batsadi ba bone ba ba direle jaaka bana ba ba atlegileng.Motho o kgonwa ke sa gagwe. Kgatello ya balekane ke tlhoba boroko mo nakong e releng mo go yone jaanong jana. Fa o le motho o tshwanetse ke go itse maemo o gago gore o seka wa iphitlhelela o le mo kgatellong ya bolekane.<ref>[https://health.clevelandclinic.org/peer-pressure Peer Pressure: Examples and How To Deal With It]</ref> == Reference == # [https://www.choosingtherapy.com/peer-pressure/ Peer Pressure: Types, Examples, & How to Respond] # [https://faithbehavioralhealth.com/pee-pressure/ Peer Pressure: Effects, Causes, & How to Overcome It] # [https://health.clevelandclinic.org/peer-pressure Peer Pressure: Examples and How To Deal With It] [[Karolo:Peer pressure]] [[Karolo:Smoking]] [[Karolo:Alcohol]] dcydlu0xysj14xktbsjjp8kcqqsd5ox 0 15421 56058 2026-09-30T15:25:01Z Muzi makama 12524 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371689902|Musa coccinea]]" 56058 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Musa coccinea''''', e e itsweweng thata ka leina la scarlet banna kgotsa red-flowering banana, ke mofuta wa semela se se thunyang sa lelapa la dimela tsa banana le plantain, e leng musaceae. se fitlhwela kwa china kwa guangdong,guangxi le borwa-botlhaba yunnan , le kwa vietnam. Ngatana ya dithunya e kgolokwe go feta mo mefuteng e e amanang le yona . E dirilwe ka di-spiral tse di emeng tsa di-bracts tse dikhibidu tse di akaretsang malomo a a serolwana a tubular. Maungo a a sa jeweng ke a namune, a ka nna {{Convert|2|cm|in|1}} fela e telele, mme e na le dipeo. Mofuta ono o lengwa ka ntlha ya boleng jwa one jwa go kgabisa, o jalwa, ka sekai, mmogo le di-heliconia mo dipolaseng tsa kgwebo kwa Hawaii . Ga e kgone go itshokela dithemphoritšhara tse di kwa tlase ga {{Convert|10|C|F}}, ka jalo mo dikgaolong tse di bothitho e tlhoka tshireletso mo dikgweding tsa mariga. ''Musa coccinea'' e tlhalositswe ke Andrews ka 1799. ''M.&nbsp;di-uranosekopo'' <small>Lour.</small> (leina le le seng ka fa molaong) gantsi le neelwa ka tsela e e sa siamang jaaka lekaelagongwe. Pego ya ga Loureiro ya 1790 e tlhakane tlhogo. O bua ka setshwantsho se se mo ''Herbarium Amboinense'' ya ga Rumphius ya 1747, ke ka moo leina la gagwe le leng mofuta wa lone . Le fa go ntse jalo, setshwantsho seno se ne se kile sa dirisiwa fa Linnaeus a ne a tlhalosa ''M.''Tlhaloso ya ga Loureiro is ya ga ''M.&nbsp;khoksinea'' ; le fa go ntse jalo mofuta go na le tlhaloso o laola lekaelagongwe, ka jalo ''M.&nbsp;di-uranosekopo'' <small>Lour.</small> ga se lekaelagongwe la ''M.&nbsp;khoksinea'' . 096jlpw9sknwcy5526c0oav2nb1bgcn 56079 56058 2026-09-30T22:07:03Z Muzi makama 12524 done 56079 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Hampel's gartenbuch für jedermann - anleitung zur praktifchen ausübung aller zwiege der gärtnerei ; aus der Praxis für die Praxis, Casa de Oswaldo Cruz (355599).pdf|thumb|coccinea]] ''Musa coccinea'', e e itsweweng thata ka leina la scarlet banna kgotsa red-flowering banana, ke mofuta wa semela se se thunyang sa lelapa la dimela tsa banana le plantain, e leng musaceae. se fitlhwela kwa china kwa guangdong,guangxi le borwa-botlhaba yunnan , le kwa vietnam.Ngatana ya dithunya e kgolokwe go feta mo mefuteng e e amanang le yona . E dirilwe ka di-spiral tse di emeng tsa di-bracts tse dikhibidu tse di akaretsang malomo a a serolwana a tubular. Maungo a a sa jeweng ke a namune, a ka nna {{Convert|2|cm|in|1}} fela e telele, mme e na le dipeo. Mofuta ono o lengwa ka ntlha ya boleng jwa one jwa go kgabisa, o jalwa, ka sekai, mmogo le di-heliconia mo dipolaseng tsa kgwebo kwa Hawaii . Ga e kgone go itshokela dithemphoritšhara tse di kwa tlase ga {{Convert|10|C|F}}, ka jalo mo dikgaolong tse di bothitho e tlhoka tshireletso mo dikgweding tsa mariga.''Musa coccinea'' e tlhalositswe ke Andrews ka 1799. ''M.&nbsp;di-uranosekopo'' <small>Lour.</small> (leina le le seng ka fa molaong) gantsi le neelwa ka tsela e e sa siamang jaaka lekaelagongwe. Pego ya ga [[Loureiro]] ya 1790 e tlhakane tlhogo. O bua ka setshwantsho se se mo ''Herbarium Amboinense'' ya ga Rumphius ya 1747, ke ka moo leina la gagwe le leng mofuta wa lone . Le fa go ntse jalo, setshwantsho seno se ne se kile sa dirisiwa fa Linnaeus a ne a tlhalosa ''M.''Tlhaloso ya ga Loureiro is ya ga ''M.&nbsp;khoksinea'' ; le fa go ntse jalo mofuta go na le tlhaloso o laola lekaelagongwe, ka jalo ''M.&nbsp;di-uranosekopo'' <small>Lour.</small> ga se lekaelagongwe la ''M.&nbsp;khoksinea'' .[1] == Ditsupetso == [[Karolo:Red flower]] 8l12k6ri8yo1au7ps1nq0e5nvsncv5y 0 15422 56059 2026-09-30T15:36:20Z Pando12 12485 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375836195|Penguin]]" 56059 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> r8lc5u048qnnfkxxi30uxbllz2cqcvn 0 15423 56060 2026-09-30T15:54:16Z Reagoleboga 10854 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374929037|South African cuisine]]" 56060 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The_Potjie_is_ready.JPG|right|thumb|[[Potjiekos]], literally translated to "small pot food", is a stew prepared outdoors in a traditional round, cast iron, three-legged pot. This one is being cooked on a fire, locally known as a braai.]] Dijo tsa mo Aforika Borwa di theilwe mo dingwaong tsa go apaya tsa ditšhaba tse di farologaneng tse di nnang mo nageng eno. Mo merafeng ya tlholego ya Aforika Borwa, BaKhoisan ba ne ba ja mefuta e e fetang 300 ya dimela tsa dijo tse di jewang, aaka rooibos shrub legume, eo boleng jwa yona jwa go apaya bo tswelelang go tlhotlheletsa dijo tsa Aforika Borwa. Dikopano tse di latelang le badisa ba Banthu di thusitse go tlhagelela ga dijalo tse di lemilweng le dikgomo tsa mo gae, tse di neng di tlaleletsa mekgwa ya setso ya Khoisan ya go boloka nama. Mo godimo ga moo, baagi ba ba buang Se-Bantu ba ne ba tlhagisa dijo tse dintsi tse di farologaneng, tse bontsi jwa tsone di sa ntseng di jewa le gompieno mo mafelong a setso le kwa mafelong a a kwa ditoropong. Dijo tsa mo Aforika Borwa di ikaegile thata ka go ja nama. Mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng wa go apaya ke wa braai, e leng tiragalo ya go kopana mmogo e mo go yone batho ba Aforika Borwa ba apeelang nama mo molelong o o butsweng. Sejo se se rategang thata mo Aforika Borwa ke biltong, e leng nama e e omisitsweng mo phefong e e tsentsweng ditswaiso. == Hisetori == Batho ba Ba-San e ne e le batsomi ba ba neng ba itshedisa ka dijo tse di jaaka dikgopa, dicrayfish, dikhokhonate le squash. Temothuo e ne ya tsenngwa mo Aforika Borwa ke batho ba Banthu, ba ba tswelelang ka temo ya dithoro, maungo a starch le di-tubers tsa medi ka mokgwa wa mmidi, squash, le ditapole tse di monate, morago ga go tsenngwa ga tsona mo phapanyetsanong ya Columbian, go sutisa ntshokuno ya dijalo tsa dijo tsa Lefatshe la Bogologolo. Mabele (mofero o mohibidu) le madumbe (cocoyam, taro, kgotsa arrowroot) le tsone di sa ntse di jalwa thata. Mo lekgolong la bo17 la dingwaga, dijo tsa kwa Netherlands le Boritane, tse di neng tsa tlisiwa ke batho ba ba neng ba fudugetse kwa Yuropa, di ne tsa thusa go anamisa dijo. Setšhaba sa Cape Malay se ne sa tlhoma dijo tse di farologaneng tsa kwa moseja, tse di tserweng thata go tswa mo dingwaong tsa go apaya tsa kwa Borwabotlhaba jwa Asia, fa Afrikaner voortrekkers ba ne ba fetela kwa teng ga naga ba dirisa dijo tsa Se-Dutch, Khoisan, Cape Malay, le Bantu go amogela mokgwa wa bone wa botshelo wa go tsamaya. Mo godimo ga moo, batshabi ba Ba-French ba Ba-Huguenot, ba bontsi jwa bone ba neng ba nna kwa Franschhoek, ba ne ba nna le seabe se segolo mo go godiseng madirelo a mofine mo Afrika Borwa. Ka nako ya fa Boritane e ne e busa naga eno, bafaladi ba ba tswang kwa Asia, ba bontsi jwa bone ba neng ba goroga e le badiri ba ba hirilweng ka lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga, ba ne ba oketsa dijo tse di apewang mo Aforika Borwa. Bogolosegolo, Maindia a Aforika Borwa a tlisitse mefuta e mentsi ya ditswaiso, dinoko, le dijo, tse di amanang le KwaZulu-Natal go ya ka hisetori. Le fa go ntse jalo, dijo tsa Seindia di setse di le teng mo Afrika Borwa yotlhe mme di jewa ke ditlhopha tsotlhe tsa merafe. Go se tsenye madi le dikiletso tse di neng tsa beelwa Aforika Borwa ka nako ya tlhaolele go ne ga dira gore go se ka ga nna le dijo tse dintsi mo nageng eo. Ka nako eno, di-shebeens, tse di neng di le mo ditoropong, di ne tsa tuma thata mme gantsi di ne di dirisiwa jaaka ditikwatikwe tsa setšhaba tse e seng tsa semmuso, segolo thata mo bathong ba bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ba ba neng ba boloka dingwao tsa bone tsa setso le tsa go apaya. Morago ga go fela ga tlhaolele, dijo tsa Aforika Borwa di ne tsa bona tsosoloso, ka mefutafuta ya dijo tse di farologaneng tse di leng teng mo ditoropong tse dikgolo tsa naga e e direlang bajanala, bajaki le baagi. Mo godimo ga moo, ditswaki le dijo tsa Aforika Borwa di setse di itsege thata mo lefatsheng ka bophara, ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga baagi ba Aforika Borwa ba ba nnang kwa dinageng di sele. == Dijo tsa setso == === Dino === [[File:Frisch_aufgebrühter_Rooibos.jpg|right|thumb|210x210px|A cup of freshly prepared rooibos tea, native to South Africa]] Biri e ntse e le seno se se botlhokwa mo Aforika Borwa ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga, mo bathong ba ba tlholegang koo pele ga go nna le dikolone le go goroga ga Bayuropa, ba ba neng ba tla ka dingwao tsa bone tsa go nwa biri. Biri ya setso e ne e dirwa ka dithoro tsa mo lefelong leo, segolobogolo sorghum. Biri e ne e tseelwa kwa godimo thata mo e leng gore e ne ya nna selo sa konokono mo meletlong e le mentsi, e e jaaka ya go beeletsana le ya manyalo, mo go one lelapa lengwe le neng le naya le lengwe biri. Go farologana le biri ya kwa Yuropa, biri ya setso ya mo Aforika Borwa e ne e sa tlhotlhwa e bile e le marothodi, e na le bojalwa jo bonnye. Mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo1900, fa madirelo a a neng a le mo diatleng tsa basweu a ne a simolola go ithuta ka phepelotlase mo badiring ba mo ditoropong, go ne ga lemogiwa gore biri ya setso e ne e na le dibitamine tse di botlhokwa tse ka dinako tse dingwe di neng di seyo mo dijong tsa setso tse di neng di na le dijo tse dintsi tsa ditlhaka mme e bile di ne di seyo mo mafelong a a humanegileng a madirelo a ditoropo. Fa meepo ya Aforika Borwa e ntse e tlhabologa le batho ba bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ba simolola go nna mo ditoropong, basadi le bone ba ne ba fudugela kwa ditoropong. Ba ne ba simolola go direla badiri ba banna biri - badiri ba bontsi jwa bone ba neng ba sa nyala kgotsa ba tlogetse basadi ba bone kwa metseselegaeng ka ntlha ya tsamaiso ya badiri ba bafaladi. Ngwao eo ya basadi ba metsesetoropo ba ba dirang bojalwa jwa badiri e sa ntse e le teng mo Aforika Borwa mo e leng gore mafelo a go nwa bojalwa a a sa rulaganngwang le mafelo a go nwa bojalwa (shebeens) gantsi ke a basadi (shebeen queens). Gompieno, bontsi jwa batho ba ba nnang mo ditoropong ba reka biri mo madirelong a a dirang biri e e tshwanang le e e rekisiwang kwa Yuropa le kwa Amerika. Go farologana le seo, banni ba metseselegae le batho ba ba sa tswang go fudugela mo ditoropong ba sa ntse ba itumelela biri ya setso e e sa tlhotlhoregeng e e sa tlhotlhoregeng. Fa go bapisiwa le dijo tsa kwa Amerika kana tsa kwa Yuropa Bophirima, mashi le dilo tse di dirilweng ka mashi di tlhagelela thata mo dijong tsa setso tsa Bantsho ba Aforika Borwa. E re ka dikgomo di ne di tsewa e le diphologolo tse di rategang thata tsa mo gae mo ditšhabeng tsa pele ga bokoloniale, mashi a ne a le mantsi. E re ka go ne go se na setsidifatsi, go ne go jewa mefuta e e farologaneng ya mashi a a bedisitsweng, a a tshwanang le yogurt. Motho yo o neng a etela motsana mongwe le mongwe wa Aforika ka dingwaga tsa bo1800 o ne a ka dumedisiwa ka go fiwa kalaka e kgolo ya mashi a a tsididi a a bedisitsweng. E re ka dikgomo tse di ntshang mashi di ne di dira gore basadi ba kgone go kgwisa bana ba bone ka bonako le go tshola bana ka bonako, ditso tsa lefelo leo di ne di na le dipolelo di le dintsi tse di amanang le dikgomo, mashi le go oketsega ga palo ya batho, tse di jaaka seane sa Basotho le Batswana se se reng, "dikgomo di tsala bana". Gompieno, mo karolong e go rekisiwang mashi mo go yone kwa marekisetsong a magolo a Aorika Borwa, motho o tla fitlhela mefuta e e farologaneng ya mashi, mashi a a bedisitsweng, kirimi e e bedisitsweng le mefuta e mengwe ya segompieno ya dilo tse di dirilweng ka mashi a setso. == Dijo tsa selegae == Mo nakong ya pele ga bokoloniale, dijo tsa selegae di ne di farologanngwa ka go dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya dijo, go akaretsa maungo, matonkomane, dithoro, matlhare, le dikumo tse dingwe tse di kgobokantsweng go tswa mo dimeleng tsa naga, mmogo le go tsoma phologolo ya naga. Go tsenngwa ga dikgomo tsa mo gae le dijalo tsa dithoro ke batho ba ba buang SeBantu ba ba gorogileng kwa dikgaolong tsa borwa go tswa kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Aforika go tloga ka 200 AD, le go anama ga go rua dikgomo go ya kwa ditlhopheng tsa Ba-Khoisan, go kgontsha ntshokuno ya dikumo le go nna teng ga nama e ntšhwa fa e batliwa. Nako ya pele ga bokoloniale e ne e na le dijo tsa dithoro tse di apeilweng, segolobogolo sorghum le millet, mashi a a bedisitsweng (a a tshwanang le yogurt), le nama e e besitsweng kgotsa e e gadikilweng. Ka nako nngwe, mmidi o ne wa tsaya maemo a sorghum e le korong ya ntlha, mme go na le kganetsano e e rileng malebana le gore a mmidi, sejalo sa kwa Amerika Bogare, o ne wa goroga le baagi ba Yuropa (segolobogolo Bapotokisi) kgotsa o ne wa anama go ralala Afrika pele ga go nna le batho ba basweu ka BaAforika ba ba neng ba boa go tswa kwa Amerika ka nako ya kgwebo ya makgoba. Gape batho ba ne ba na le dinku le dipodi, mme gantsi batho ba ne ba rulaganya go tsoma diphologolo tse dintsi, mme nama ya kgomo e ne e tsewa e le yone e e botlhokwa thata e bile e le ya maemo a a kwa godimo. Mo metseng e le mentsi, dikgomo tse di tlhabilweng di ne di tseelwa kwa godimo thata mo e leng gore di ne di isiwa kwa kgosing ya motse. Ka ditsela di le dintsi, dijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa malapa a Aforika Borwa di ka latelwa go ya kwa dijong tsa batho ba lefelo leo tse di neng di jewa ke bagologolwane ba bone. Dijo tse di tlwaelegileng mo malapeng a batho ba ba buang Se-Bantu ba Aforika Borwa ke mmidi o o thata, o o boboa wa mmidi wa mmidi (o o bidiwang pap, o o tshwanang thata le mmidi wa Amerika) o o tsentsweng nama e e apeilweng e e nang le tatso. Malapa a setso a kwa metseselegaeng (le a le mantsi a a mo ditoropong) gantsi a bedisa pap ya bone malatsi a le mmalwa - segolobogolo fa e le sorghum go na le mmidi - e e dirang gore e nne le tatso e e bogale. BaSotho-Tswana ba bitsa pap eno e e bedisitsweng ba re, ting. Gantsi merogo e e dirisiwang ke mefuta ya matonkomane e e leng teng mo Aforika Borwa, le fa gone batho ba le bantsi ba ja matonkomane a a tswang kwa dinageng tse dingwe. Reise le dinawa le tsone di ratiwa thata, le fa gone di sa tlholega mo nageng eno. Sejo se sengwe se se tlwaelegileng sa merogo, se se neng sa goroga mo Afrika Borwa le bafaladi ba le bantsi ba Ba-Ireland, mme se ne sa amogelwa ke Baaforika Borwa, ke khabetšhe e e segilweng le ditapole tse ditshweu tse di apeilweng ka botoro. [[File:Meat_preparation.jpg|thumb|Men preparing the meat for a traditional ceremony]] Mo bathong ba le bantsi ba Aforika Borwa, nama ke selo sa konokono mo dijong. Ba-Khoisan ba ne ba ja nama e e besitsweng ba bo ba e omisa gore ba e dirise moragonyana. Tlhotlheletso ya dijo tsa bone e bonala mo tseleng e batho ba Aforika Borwa ba ratang go ja barbecue ka yone (e gantsi e bidiwang ka leina la Seaforikanse, braai) le biltong (nama e e omisitsweng, e e bolokilweng). Fela jaaka mo nakong e e fetileng, fa batho ba ne ba na le dikgomo e le dithoto tsa bone tse di tlhwatlhwakgolo kwa metseselegaeng, batho ba Afrika Borwa ba rata nama ya kgomo. Gompieno, batho ba Aforika Borwa ga ba je nama ya kgomo fela mme gape ba ja nama ya nku, ya podi, ya koko le nama e nngwe jaaka dijo tsa konokono. Ka mafelobeke, malapa a le mantsi a mo Aforika Borwa a ja braai, mme gantsi dijo tsa teng ke pap en vleis, e leng bupi jwa mmidi le nama e e gadikilweng. Go ja nama e bile go na le bokao jwa go dira meetlo mo setsong sa bogologolo le sa segompieno sa Afrika Borwa. Mo setsong sa batho ba Banthu, mo manyalong, mo meketeng ya go simolola, fa maloko a lelapa a goroga morago ga loeto lo loleele, le mo ditiragalong tse dingwe tse di kgethegileng, malapa a reka phologolo e e tshelang, a e tlhabe kwa gae, mme go tswa foo a apeele setšhaba kgotsa baagelani dijo tse dintsi. Gantsi batho ba ba tsayang karolo mo go yone ba bolela gore go tsholola madi a phologolo mo mmung go itumedisa bagologolwane ba ba phuthegang go dikologa setopo sa yone ba sa bonale. Ka mafelobeke a malatsi a boikhutso, borakgwebo ba ne ba baya diphologolo tse di tshelang mo ditseleng tse dikgolo tsa toropo - segolobogolo dinku le dipodi - gore malapa a di reke, a di tlhabe, a di apeye le go di ja. E re ka nama ya kgomo e le yone e e rategang thata kwa manyalong, gantsi malapa a a humileng a reka kgomo e e tshelang gore ba e tlhabele kwa gae. == Dijo tsa kwa Yuropa le tsa kwa Asia == [[File:Biltong_and_Droëwors,_South_Africa.jpg|right|thumb|210x210px|Biltong and droëwors on sale]] Mo lekgolong la bo17 la dingwaga, dijo tse disha tse di jaaka biltong, droëwors, le rusks di ne tsa nna gone mo lefelong leo ka ntlha ya go tlhoka.<gallery> File:Boerewors_rolls_with_homemade_tomato_relish._Yum..jpg|''Boerewors'' roll File:Grilling_sosaties_on_an_open_fire_in_Aroab.jpg|A large ''braai'' in process File:Springbok_Goulash,_Cape_Town_(_1050812).jpg|Freshly prepared springbok goulash File:Spatlo01.jpg|A spatlo, popular street meal in all provinces </gallery>Aforika Borwa e ne e le kolone ya Mmusomogolo wa Boritane mme ka jalo e na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo go tswa kwa United Kingdom. Fa batho ba Boritane ba ne ba nna mo Afrika Borwa, ba ne ba tlisa dijo tsa bone, tse di neng tsa tlhotlheletsa dijo tsa Afrika Borwa. Sande roast e tumile thata mo Aforika Borwa jaaka Australia, Canada le New Zealand koo go nang le tlhotlheletso go tswa kwa UK. Kwa Aforika Borwa, pudding ya Yorkshire e emisediwa ka sopo ya nama le raese. Ditlhapi tse di nang le di-chips le tsone di ratiwa thata mo Aforika Borwa. Mabenkele a a rekisang ditlhapi le ditshitswana a dirisa mekgwa e e farologaneng ya go rekisa, e e jaaka barekisi ba mo mebileng kgotsa dibane. Gantsi ditlhapi tse di gadikilweng ke tse di bidiwang di-hakes le di-snoek. Dikuku tsa nama le dikuku tse dingwe tse di letswai di bonwa motlhofo mo mabenkeleng a le mantsi le kwa diteisheneng di le dintsi tsa peterole. Mefuta e mengwe e e ratwang thata ke e e jaaka sausage roll, Cornish pasty le pepper steak pie.<gallery> File:Koeksisters.jpg|''Koeksisters'' File:Hertzoggies_for_sale_in_a_Cape_Town_bakery_(22_July_2016).jpg|''Hertzoggie'' File:Melktert.jpg|''[[Thate ya maswi|Melktert]]'' </gallery> [[File:Wiki_Loves_Africa_Cook-off5.JPG|left|thumb|190x190px|A Cape Malay dish served in Cape Town]] Mokgwa wa go apaya wa kwa kgaolong ya Aforika Borwa o gantsi o itsegeng thata o bidiwa "Cape Dutch". Dijo tsa teng di na le ditswaiso tse di jaaka nutmeg, allspice le chili peppers. Mokgwa wa go apaya wa Cape Dutch o kolota bobotlana go apaya ga batho ba e neng e le makgoba ba ba neng ba tlisiwa ke Dutch East India Company go tswa kwa Bengal, Java le Malaysia go ya kwa Kapa, fela jaaka o kolota mekgwa ya go apaya ya kwa Yuropa e e tlisitsweng ke bajaki go tswa kwa Netherlands, mme seno se bonala mo tirisong ya ditswaiso tsa botlhaba le maina a a neetsweng bontsi jwa dijana tseno. Tlhotlheletso ya Ba-Cape Malay e tlisitse dijo tse di nang le ditswaiso tse di jaaka di-curry, di-sambal, ditlhapi tse di tsentsweng letswai le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dijo tse di apeilweng ka tlhapi. Bobotie ke sejo sa Aforika Borwa se se tswang kwa Cape Malay. E na le nama e e gadikilweng e e nang le ditswaiso e e besitsweng ka sejo se se nang le mae. Mo dijong tse dintsi tse di jewang letsatsi le letsatsi mo Aforika Borwa, bobotie e ka tswa e le yone e e batlileng e nna sejo sa setšhaba, ka gonne ga e fitlhelwe mo nageng epe e nngwe. Sejo seno se dirilwe kwa dikoloneng tsa Dutch East India Company kwa Batavia, mme leina la sone le tswa mo bobotok ya kwa Indonesia. Gape e tsentswe motswako wa curry powder, e leng se se dirang gore e nne monate go sekae. Gantsi e jewa le sambal, e leng se se bontshang gore e tswa kwa Malay Archipelago. Raese e e serolwana ya Aforika Borwa, sejo se se monate se se dirwang ka turmeric, raese e khibidu, sinamone le sukiri, le sone se simologile kwa Cape Malay, mme gantsi se bidiwa raese e e serolwana ya Cape Malay. === Dijo tsa Sefora ===   Batshabi ba Ba-French ba Ba-Huguenot ba ne ba tla ka beine mmogo le diresepe tsa bone tsa setso go tswa kwa Fora. [[File:Bunny_Chow_Close_Up.JPG|thumb|200x200px|[[Spatlho|Bunny chow]] and salad, a meal that originated in the [[Makula|Indian South African]] community.<ref name="FromCurries">{{Cite book |last=Jaffrey, Madhur |date=2003 |title=From Curries to Kebabs: Recipes from the Indian Spice Trail |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yAgfQ6uxhRgC&pg=184 |publisher=Clarkson Potter |isbn=9780609607046 |page=184 |access-date=28 September 2015}}</ref>]] Dijo tsa curry di ratwa thata mo Afrika Borwa ke batho ba merafe yotlhe; dijo tse dintsi tsa curry di tlile mo nageng eno ka diketekete tsa badiri ba Maindia ba ba neng ba tlisiwa koo ka lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga. Dijo tsa Maindia tsa Aforika Borwa di tsentse letsogo mo go apeeng dijo tsa Aforika Borwa ka mefuta e e farologaneng ya dijo le mekgwa ya go apaya, go akaretsa le di-curry, dimonamone, di-chutney, dijonyana tse di gadikilweng tse di jaaka di-samoosa le dijo tse dingwe tse di monate. Bunny chow, sejo sa kwa Durban ("motse o mogolo go gaisa wa 'Indian' kwa ntle ga India"), se se nang le lofo ya borotho e e nang le curry, se fetiseditswe mo dijong tse di tlwaelegileng tsa Aforika Borwa. Mo ditoropong tse di dikologileng Pretoria, e leng motsemoshate, le Johannesburg, gantsi senkgwe seno se bidiwa sphatlho kgotsa kota. [[File:Nandos-Canal-Walk.jpg|right|thumb|227x227px|Nando's restaurant in South Africa]] [[File:Panarotti’s_Pizza_Pasta_Century_City_2014.JPG|left|thumb|170x170px|Panarotti's, a pizza restaurant originating in South Africa]] Aforika Borwa e itsege ka setso sa go "ja kwa ntle". Le fa diresetšhurente dingwe di dira ka dijo tsa setso tsa Aforika Borwa kgotsa dithanolo tsa segompieno tsa tsone, diresetšhurente tse di nang le dijo tse dingwe jaaka tsa Se-Morocco, Se-China, Aforika Bophirima, Se-Congo le Sejapane di ka fitlhelwa mo ditoropong tsotlhe tse dikgolo le mo ditoropong tse dintsi tse dikgolo. Gape go na le diresetšhurente di le dintsi tse di agilweng mo gae, tse di jaaka Spur le Dulce Café. Gape go na le diresetšhurente tse dintsi tsa dijo tse di apewang ka bonako mo Aforika Borwa. Le fa go na le bagwebi ba boditšhabatšhaba ba ba jaaka Kentucky Fried Chicken le McDonald's ba ba dirang mo nageng, ba lebagane le kgaisano e e bogale go tswa mo dirakeng tsa selegae jaaka Nando's, Galito's, Steers, Chicken Licken, Barcelos, Fat Cake City le King Pie. Ditirelo tse dintsi tsa go apaya tse di simolotseng mo Aforika Borwa di atolositswe ka katlego go feta mo melelwaneng ya naga.[ Mo godimo ga moo, Starbucks e na le madirelo mo nageng eo. == Dijo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa mo Afrika Borwa == === E e monate === <gallery> File:Boerewors_rolls_with_homemade_tomato_relish._Yum..jpg|''Boerewors'' roll File:Grilling_sosaties_on_an_open_fire_in_Aroab.jpg|A large ''braai'' in process File:Springbok_Goulash,_Cape_Town_(_1050812).jpg|Freshly prepared springbok goulash File:Spatlo01.jpg|A spatlo, popular street meal in all provinces </gallery> ==== Dijo le metshameko ==== tshameko le dijoe Seaforikanse * ''[[Segwapa|Biltong]]''—dried meat (typically seasoned with coriander seeds and salt). Although beef is most commonly used, springbok, kudu, eland, chicken, and ostrich may also be used. * ''[[Boerewors]]''—a sausage that is traditionally ''[[Mefuta e e farologaneng ya barbecue|braaied]]'' (barbecued). * [[Dikgapetla|Droëwors]]—translates to 'dried sausage' and is made like boerewors, but pork is left out. It is dried the same way as biltong. * ''Frikkadelle''—usually baked, but sometimes deep-fried, meatballs. * ''Bokkoms''—whole, salted and dried mullet. * ''Skilpadjies''—lamb's liver wrapped in ''netvet'' (caul fat) and ''braaied'' over hot coals. * Smoked or ''braaied'' ''snoek''—a regional gamefish. * ''Sosatie''—kebab, grilled marinated meat on a skewer. * ''Amanqina''—chicken feet, cow feet, pig feet, lamb feet, and sheep feet, usually consumed with ''pap'' or as a delicacy. * Chicken feet—grilled or deep-fried chicken feet and head. Another dish is a cooked pig’s head known as a "smiley", most popular in townships and sold by street vendors, sometimes in industrial areas with high concentrations of workers. * Ostrich—an increasingly popular protein source, as it has low cholesterol content; used in stews or filleted and grilled. ==== Dijo ==== ''Tsonga and Venda'' * Mashonja/matamani—made from [[Phane|mopani worms]] Seaforikanse [[File:Chicken_with_tomato_bredie_(12567481243).jpg|right|thumb|A serving of tomato bredie]] * Gesmoorde vis—salted cod or snoek with potatoes and tomato sauce, sometimes served with apricot, grapes or moskonfyt. * ''Hoenderpastei''—chicken pot pie, traditional [[Seburu|Afrikaans]] fare. * * ''Kaiings''—made from lamb tail or lamb flank cut into small cubes, and cooked in a cast-iron pot over a slow fire. Kaiings resemble cracklings, though the skin is less puffy and crispy, and a small piece of protein is usually left on the skin and fat. They are a chewy traditional Boer delicacy, often served as a topping over ''pap'' or with honey. * [[Bupi|Mielie-meal]]—a staple food, often used in baking but predominantly cooked into ''[[Ugali|pap]]'' or ''[[ugali]]'' * Oepsies—a starter made on a braai. Similar to the American devils on horseback but exclusively made with cherries wrapped in bacon and battered with barbecue sauce. * Paptert—a tart used as a side dish for a braai. Made from pap, cheese, canned tomatoes, and bacon. Both modern and traditional. * ''[[Potjiekos]]''—a traditional [[Seburu|Afrikaans]] stew, made with meat and vegetables and cooked over coals in cast-iron pots. * ''Tomato bredie''—a lamb and tomato stew. * ''Waterblommetjiebredie'' (water flower stew)—meat stewed with the flower of the Cape pondweed. ''Indian'' * ''Biryani''—a traditional rice and red meat/chicken or vegetable dish originating from the Muslim community of the Indian subcontinent. * [[Spatlho|Bunny chow]]—curry stuffed into a hollowed-out loaf of bread, often called kota by the locals (usually those of African descent) who sometimes, instead of curry, fill the bread with slap chips (French fries), a slice of ''polony'' (bologna), cheese, and ''atchar'' (South Asian pickle) and other fillings and spices. * [[Durban]] curry—more spicy than the Cape Malay version due to the use of masala. Typically, mutton/lamb is used, and the most common spice mixture consists of ground cayenne pepper, paprika, cinnamon, cumin, and fennel. Potatoes and carrots are sometimes added. * Lamb chop chutney—fried lamb chops placed in a tomato chutney with green chillies. ''Malay'' * ''[[Bobotie]]''—a dish of Malay descent, is like meatloaf with raisins and with baked egg on top, and is often served with yellow rice, ''sambals'', coconut, banana slices, and chutney. * Cape Malay curry—a curry most often made with chicken and spiced with mild masala. Spices include cinnamon, ginger, cardamom, cayenne pepper, coriander, garlic, turmeric, bay leaves, and fenugreek. * Sotok * Indomie ''Zulu, Xhosa le Sotho'' * ''[[Dombolo]]''—[[Madombi|dumplings]], flour mixture usually steamed in a pot. * ''Isidudu/umdoko/motogo''—soft porridge made from ground corn known as "mealie meal", similar to American grits. * ''[[Mala Mogodu|Mala mogodu/ulusu]]''—a local variation of tripe, usually eaten with hot ''[[Ugali|pap]]'' and [[Sepinatšhe|spinach]]. * ''Iinkobe''—summer salad made with boiled corn. * ''Sigwaqani''—boiled beans mixed with mealie-meal. * ''Mqhavunyeko''—wet corn mixed with beans. * Trotters and [[Nawa|beans]]—from the [[Eastern Cape|Cape]], made from boiled pig's or sheep's trotters and onions and beans. * ''[[Ugali|Pap/papa]]''—maize porridge in South Africa, traditional porridge/polenta, and a staple food of the African peoples * ''Umngqusho''—a dish made from white maize and sugar beans, a staple food for the Xhosa people. * ''[[Ugali|Umphokoqo/phuthu]]''—a cooked dish of crumbly [[Bupi|maize meal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-14 |title=Umphokoqo – crumbly mealie pap with amasi |url=https://www.foodandhome.co.za/recipes/umphokoqo-crumbly-mealie-pap-amasi |access-date=2020-05-25 |website=Food & Home Entertaining |language=en-ZA}}</ref> * ''Umvubo''—sour milk mixed with dry ''pap''. * ''Inhloko/Smiley''—a boiled stew of a cow or sheep's head, usually served with [[Ugali|phuthu]]. ==== Borotho ==== Seaforikanse [[File:Cape_Town_-_Vegan_Lekker_Nuggy_Gatsby_in_restaurant_Lekker_Vegan.jpg|right|thumb|A gatsby sandwich]] * ''Braaibroodjie''—a sandwich consisting of two slices of bread with a filling of sliced tomato, cheese, onion, South African peach chutney (traditionally Mrs. H.S. Balls) seasoned with salt and pepper. The ''braaibroodjie'' is placed in a folding [[Mefuta e e farologaneng ya barbecue|braai]] grid (gridiron) and slowly grilled over medium-hot coals until the cheese melts and the bread is browned. * Gatsby—a sandwich popular in Cape Town, a long roll with fillings of anything ranging from ''polony'' (bologna) to chicken or steak and hot chips. * ''Potbrood'' (pot bread or ''boerbrood'')—savoury bread baked over coals in cast-iron pots. * ''[[Vetkoke|Vetkoek]]'' (fat cake, doughnut, ''Amagwinya (in various Nguni languages)'')—deep-fried dough balls, typically stuffed with meat or served with ''snoek'' fish or jam. ''Indian'' * Samosa, or ''samoosa''—a savoury stuffed [[Makula|Indian]] pastry that is fried. * Kota—a sandwich, quarter-loaf of bread usually stuffed with ''polony'' (bologna), cheese, ''atchar'' (South Asian pickle), and chips (French fries). ==== Go ja monate le go anamisa ==== * ''Blatjang'', or Mrs. H.S. Balls Chutney, a sweet sauce made from fruit that is usually poured on meat * ''[[Chakalaka]]''—a spicy South African vegetable relish. * Melrose Cheese Spread<ref>{{Cite web |last=Melrose Cheese Spread |title=Melrose Cheese Spread |url=http://www.saffatrading.co.za/pMEL001/Melrose-Cheese-Spread.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106065533/http://www.saffatrading.co.za/pMEL001/Melrose-Cheese-Spread.aspx |archive-date=6 January 2018 |access-date=19 November 2025 |publisher=SaffaTrading.co.za}}</ref> * Monkey gland sauce—made of chopped onion, garlic, and ginger, with a combination of chutney, soy sauce, mustard, Worcestershire sauce, ketchup, and wine (no actual monkey meat) ==== Maungo le dimela ==== * Makatane ke leungo le le tlhogang kwa sekakeng sa Kalahari. E tshelwa mo metsing a kalaka bosigo jotlhe (go tlosa tatso e e botlhoko) pele e ka fetolwa go nna jeme e e itsegeng jaaka makataan konfyt. Marula ke leungo le le serolwana la setlhare sa mo lefelong leo. Moretlwa wa amarula o dirwa ka loungo lono. Maungo a a buduleng a a latlhetsweng fa fatshe a dirisediwa go dira jeme, beine le biri. Batho ba le bantsi mo lefelong leo ba ikaegile ka leungo leno gore ba nne le lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. Jeme eno e jewa le kuku ya mokoko le nama ya phokoje e e jaaka ya kudu. Morogo ke semela sa naga se se tshwanang le sepinatšhe se ka dinako tse dingwe se bonwang e le mofero. Ka tlwaelo e bedisitswe e bo e jewa le pap, kgotsa e omisitswe ka dikarolwana tse dinnye go dira gore e nne lobaka lo loleele e sa senyege. Dijo tsa setso tsa MaAforikanse/Maburu gantsi di akaretsa eie, ditapole, kgotsa ka bobedi. <gallery> File:Koeksisters.jpg|''Koeksisters'' File:Hertzoggies_for_sale_in_a_Cape_Town_bakery_(22_July_2016).jpg|''Hertzoggie'' File:Melktert.jpg|''[[Thate ya maswi|Melktert]]'' </gallery> * Sose ya Bar One gantsi e tshelwa mo godimo ga aesekerimi ya vanilla, e e dirilweng ka tšhokolete ya Bar One e e gakolositsweng le kirimi. Hertzoggie ke tartlet e e nang le jeme ya apricot e e tladiwang ka meringue e e omisitsweng ya khokhonate. Koeksisters di tla ka mefuta e mebedi mme ke dijo tse di monate tse di ratwang ke batho botlhe ba Aforika Borwa. Di-koeksister tsa Seaforikanse ke dikuku tse di sokameng, tse di gadikilweng thata e bile di na le sukiri e ntsi. Di-koesister tse di fitlhelwang kwa Cape Flats di monate e bile di na le ditswaiso, di bopegile jaaka mae a magolo e bile di gadikilwe thata. Malva pudding ke pudding e e monate ya spongy apricot e e tswang kwa Netherlands. Mebos ke ma-apirikose a a omisitsweng a a tsentsweng sukiri kgotsa letswai. Melktert ke tart e e dirilweng ka mashi kgotsa dijo tse di monate. Melkkos ke sejo sa setso sa Aforika Borwa. E jewa e le sejo se le nosi ka nako ya dijo tsa maitseboa le dijo tsa motshegare ka dinako tse dingwe. (Dibuka tse di tumileng tsa go apaya tsa setso tse di jaaka "Kook en Geniet" ga di bue sepe ka dijo tse di monate tseno). Mealie-bread (senkgwe se se monate) ke senkgwe se se monate se se dirilweng ka mmidi o o monate. Mosbolletjies ke borotho jo bo monate jo bo dirilweng ka anise le motswako wa matute a morara go tswa kwa kgaolong ya go dira beine ya Aforika Borwa. E besitswe gabedi go dira mosbeskuit. Pampoenkoekies (pumpkin fritters)  folouru e okeditswe kgotsa e emiseditswe ka pumpkin. Mefuta e mengwe ke patatkoekie (sweet-potato fritter), aartappelkoekie (potato fritter), ryskoekie (rice fritter), koo pumpkin e emisediwang ka sweet potato, potato, kgotsa raese. Peppermint crisp tar a traditional fridge tart made with peppermint crisp chocolate, caramel treat, Tennis biscuits, and fresh cream. Peppermint crisp tart a traditional fridge tart made with peppermint crisp chocolate, caramel treat, Tennis biscuits, and fresh cream. Peppermint crisp tart a traditional fridge tart made with peppermint crisp chocolate, caramel treat, Tennis biscuits, and fresh cream. Peppermint crisp tart a traditional fridge tart made with peppermint crisp chocolate, caramel treat, Tennis biscuits, and fresh cream. Rusks ke kuku ya khutlotharo, e e thata, e e omileng e e jewang morago ga go inelwa mo teeng kgotsa mo kofing; di ka apewa kwa gae kgotsa di rekwa kwa lebenkeleng (mofuta o o tumileng thata ke Ouma Rusks). === Dino === [[File:Boeber.jpg|alt=Boeber|thumb|255x255px|Boeber]] * ''Amasi''—fermented milk. * ''Boeber''—a traditional Cape Malay sweet milk drink, made with vermicelli, sago, sugar, and flavoured with cardamom, stick cinnamon, and rose water. * ''Mafi''—fermented milk, often consumed with ''pap'' or by itself. * ''[[Mageu]]''—a drink made from fermented mealie pap. * ''Rooibos''—a herbal tea indigenous to South Africa. * ''Skokiaan''—a dangerous bootleg drink consumed during the [[Tlhaolele|Apartheid]] era. * Springbokkie—a cocktail shooter composed of crème de menthe (mint liqueur) and [[Amarula]] ([[Morula|marula]] fruit cream liqueur). * ''[[Umqombothi]]''—a type of beer made from fermented maize and sorghum. == Bona gape ==   * List of African cuisines * Malay cuisine * Indian cuisine * Dutch cuisine * South African wine == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Dijo tsa Aforika Borwa]] a54idpxc6tgzucg6ie3az46lnbo0y9d 0 15424 56061 2026-09-30T18:26:00Z Tibiboy 12517 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376746893|Sugar]]" 56061 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sucre_blanc_cassonade_complet_rapadura.jpg|thumb| Disukiri (ka fa letlhakoreng la tshupanako go tswa kwa godimo ka fa molemeng): sukiri e tshweu e e ntlafaditsweng, e e sa ntlafadiwang, e e borokwa, e e sa fetolwang ya ntšhi]] [[Karolo:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]] 2gqe9rd4y6wdm5ak91d59xf3urseymx 2 15425 56062 2026-09-30T18:38:01Z Canana12 12484 Bolded main text 56062 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgatelelo ya madi '''Kgatelelo ya madi''' ke kgatelelo e e diragalang fa madi a kgorometsa kgatlhanong le dipota tsa mesifa ya madi (arteries). Mesifa ya madi e tsamaisa madi go tswa mo pelong go ya kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa mmele. Kgatelelo e e tlwaelegileng ya madi e kwa tlase ga 120/80 mm Hg. Kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi, e gape e bidiwang hypertension, ke fa kgatelelo ya madi e le kwa godimo go feta e e tlwaelegileng. Kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi e nna ka metlha e le mo 130/80 mm Hg kgotsa go feta. Kgatelelo ya madi a gago e a fetoga mo letsatsing lotlhe go ikaegile ka ditiro tse o di dirang. Go nna le kgatelelo ya madi e e kwa godimo ga e e tlwaelegileng ka metlha go ka dira gore go bonwe gore motho o na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi (hypertension). Batho ba le bantsi ba ba nang le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi (hypertension) ga ba utlwe matshwao ape. Kgatelelo ya madi e e kwa godimo thata e ka baka go opiwa ke tlhogo, go bonela dilo di fifetse, go opelwa ke sehuba le matshwao a mangwe. Go lekola kgatelelo ya madi ke yone tsela e e molemo go gaisa ya go itse gore a o na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi. Fa hypertension e sa alafiwe, e ka baka malwetse kgotsa maemo a mangwe a botsogo, jaaka bolwetse jwa diphio, bolwetse jwa pelo le seterouku (stroke). n030ju9imea9laci9vlhzfuumm14b53 56063 56062 2026-09-30T18:41:24Z Canana12 12484 Created reference heading and Added references 56063 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgatelelo ya madi '''Kgatelelo ya madi''' ke kgatelelo e e diragalang fa madi a kgorometsa kgatlhanong le dipota tsa mesifa ya madi (arteries). Mesifa ya madi e tsamaisa madi go tswa mo pelong go ya kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa mmele. Kgatelelo e e tlwaelegileng ya madi e kwa tlase ga 120/80 mm Hg. Kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi, e gape e bidiwang hypertension, ke fa kgatelelo ya madi e le kwa godimo go feta e e tlwaelegileng. Kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi e nna ka metlha e le mo 130/80 mm Hg kgotsa go feta. Kgatelelo ya madi a gago e a fetoga mo letsatsing lotlhe go ikaegile ka ditiro tse o di dirang. Go nna le kgatelelo ya madi e e kwa godimo ga e e tlwaelegileng ka metlha go ka dira gore go bonwe gore motho o na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi (hypertension).<ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2026-06-02 |title=About High Blood Pressure |url=https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/index.html |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=High Blood Pressure |language=en-us}}</ref> Batho ba le bantsi ba ba nang le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi (hypertension) ga ba utlwe matshwao ape. Kgatelelo ya madi e e kwa godimo thata e ka baka go opiwa ke tlhogo, go bonela dilo di fifetse, go opelwa ke sehuba le matshwao a mangwe. Go lekola kgatelelo ya madi ke yone tsela e e molemo go gaisa ya go itse gore a o na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi. Fa hypertension e sa alafiwe, e ka baka malwetse kgotsa maemo a mangwe a botsogo, jaaka bolwetse jwa diphio, bolwetse jwa pelo le seterouku (stroke).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hypertension |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> == Ditshupo: == 46i4eywi8men56ba8nmmtv7lsdg2tx0 56064 56063 2026-09-30T18:43:31Z Canana12 12484 Created a link 56064 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgatelelo ya madi '''Kgatelelo ya madi''' ke kgatelelo e e diragalang fa madi a kgorometsa kgatlhanong le dipota tsa [https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/index.html mesifa ya madi (arteries)]. Mesifa ya madi e tsamaisa madi go tswa mo pelong go ya kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa mmele. Kgatelelo e e tlwaelegileng ya madi e kwa tlase ga 120/80 mm Hg. Kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi, e gape e bidiwang hypertension, ke fa kgatelelo ya madi e le kwa godimo go feta e e tlwaelegileng. Kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi e nna ka metlha e le mo 130/80 mm Hg kgotsa go feta. Kgatelelo ya madi a gago e a fetoga mo letsatsing lotlhe go ikaegile ka ditiro tse o di dirang. Go nna le kgatelelo ya madi e e kwa godimo ga e e tlwaelegileng ka metlha go ka dira gore go bonwe gore motho o na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi (hypertension).<ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2026-06-02 |title=About High Blood Pressure |url=https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/index.html |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=High Blood Pressure |language=en-us}}</ref> Batho ba le bantsi ba ba nang le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi (hypertension) ga ba utlwe matshwao ape. Kgatelelo ya madi e e kwa godimo thata e ka baka go opiwa ke tlhogo, go bonela dilo di fifetse, go opelwa ke sehuba le matshwao a mangwe. Go lekola kgatelelo ya madi ke yone tsela e e molemo go gaisa ya go itse gore a o na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi. Fa hypertension e sa alafiwe, e ka baka malwetse kgotsa maemo a mangwe a botsogo, jaaka bolwetse jwa diphio, bolwetse jwa pelo le seterouku (stroke).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hypertension |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> == Ditshupo: == 3a679n2wcpom7x2rqcfr7vxa2d6e60s 56065 56064 2026-09-30T18:44:43Z Canana12 12484 Added a Category 56065 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgatelelo ya madi '''Kgatelelo ya madi''' ke kgatelelo e e diragalang fa madi a kgorometsa kgatlhanong le dipota tsa [https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/index.html mesifa ya madi (arteries)]. Mesifa ya madi e tsamaisa madi go tswa mo pelong go ya kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa mmele. Kgatelelo e e tlwaelegileng ya madi e kwa tlase ga 120/80 mm Hg. Kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi, e gape e bidiwang hypertension, ke fa kgatelelo ya madi e le kwa godimo go feta e e tlwaelegileng. Kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi e nna ka metlha e le mo 130/80 mm Hg kgotsa go feta. Kgatelelo ya madi a gago e a fetoga mo letsatsing lotlhe go ikaegile ka ditiro tse o di dirang. Go nna le kgatelelo ya madi e e kwa godimo ga e e tlwaelegileng ka metlha go ka dira gore go bonwe gore motho o na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi (hypertension).<ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2026-06-02 |title=About High Blood Pressure |url=https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/index.html |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=High Blood Pressure |language=en-us}}</ref> Batho ba le bantsi ba ba nang le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi (hypertension) ga ba utlwe matshwao ape. Kgatelelo ya madi e e kwa godimo thata e ka baka go opiwa ke tlhogo, go bonela dilo di fifetse, go opelwa ke sehuba le matshwao a mangwe. Go lekola kgatelelo ya madi ke yone tsela e e molemo go gaisa ya go itse gore a o na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi. Fa hypertension e sa alafiwe, e ka baka malwetse kgotsa maemo a mangwe a botsogo, jaaka bolwetse jwa diphio, bolwetse jwa pelo le seterouku (stroke).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hypertension |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> == Ditshupo: == <references /> [[Karolo:Health]] trf4cz5c0tykuqzzqugzjbo5oj2occr 56066 56065 2026-09-30T18:48:12Z Canana12 12484 Inserted an Image 56066 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgatelelo ya madi [[Setshwantsho:Nurse checks blood pressure.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Mooki a tlhola Kgatelelo ya madi.]] '''Kgatelelo ya madi''' ke kgatelelo e e diragalang fa madi a kgorometsa kgatlhanong le dipota tsa [https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/index.html mesifa ya madi (arteries)]. Mesifa ya madi e tsamaisa madi go tswa mo pelong go ya kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa mmele. Kgatelelo e e tlwaelegileng ya madi e kwa tlase ga 120/80 mm Hg. Kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi, e gape e bidiwang hypertension, ke fa kgatelelo ya madi e le kwa godimo go feta e e tlwaelegileng. Kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi e nna ka metlha e le mo 130/80 mm Hg kgotsa go feta. Kgatelelo ya madi a gago e a fetoga mo letsatsing lotlhe go ikaegile ka ditiro tse o di dirang. Go nna le kgatelelo ya madi e e kwa godimo ga e e tlwaelegileng ka metlha go ka dira gore go bonwe gore motho o na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi (hypertension).<ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2026-06-02 |title=About High Blood Pressure |url=https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/index.html |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=High Blood Pressure |language=en-us}}</ref> Batho ba le bantsi ba ba nang le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi (hypertension) ga ba utlwe matshwao ape. Kgatelelo ya madi e e kwa godimo thata e ka baka go opiwa ke tlhogo, go bonela dilo di fifetse, go opelwa ke sehuba le matshwao a mangwe. Go lekola kgatelelo ya madi ke yone tsela e e molemo go gaisa ya go itse gore a o na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi. Fa hypertension e sa alafiwe, e ka baka malwetse kgotsa maemo a mangwe a botsogo, jaaka bolwetse jwa diphio, bolwetse jwa pelo le seterouku (stroke).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hypertension |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> == Ditshupo: == <references /> [[Karolo:Health]] d5x5g38koczje2xscyig8qv8csaoiaf 0 15426 56067 2026-09-30T18:52:13Z Canana12 12484 I have created an article. 56067 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgatelelo ya madi [[Setshwantsho:Nurse checks blood pressure.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Mooki a tlhola Kgatelelo ya madi.]]'''Kgatelelo ya madi''' ke kgatelelo e e diragalang fa madi a kgorometsa kgatlhanong le dipota tsa [https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/index.html mesifa ya madi (arteries)]. Mesifa ya madi e tsamaisa madi go tswa mo pelong go ya kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa mmele. Kgatelelo e e tlwaelegileng ya madi e kwa tlase ga 120/80 mm Hg. Kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi, e gape e bidiwang hypertension, ke fa kgatelelo ya madi e le kwa godimo go feta e e tlwaelegileng. Kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi e nna ka metlha e le mo 130/80 mm Hg kgotsa go feta. Kgatelelo ya madi a gago e a fetoga mo letsatsing lotlhe go ikaegile ka ditiro tse o di dirang. Go nna le kgatelelo ya madi e e kwa godimo ga e e tlwaelegileng ka metlha go ka dira gore go bonwe gore motho o na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi (hypertension).<ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2026-06-02 |title=About High Blood Pressure |url=https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/index.html |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=High Blood Pressure |language=en-us}}</ref> Batho ba le bantsi ba ba nang le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi (hypertension) ga ba utlwe matshwao ape. Kgatelelo ya madi e e kwa godimo thata e ka baka go opiwa ke tlhogo, go bonela dilo di fifetse, go opelwa ke sehuba le matshwao a mangwe. Go lekola kgatelelo ya madi ke yone tsela e e molemo go gaisa ya go itse gore a o na le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya madi. Fa hypertension e sa alafiwe, e ka baka malwetse kgotsa maemo a mangwe a botsogo, jaaka bolwetse jwa diphio, bolwetse jwa pelo le seterouku (stroke).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hypertension |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> == Ditshupo: == <references /> [[Karolo:Health]] c2ewctpqfqor5jdr9ifuami234vvwfb 0 15427 56068 2026-09-30T20:17:58Z Muzi makama 12524 done 56068 wikitext text/x-wiki Dikobo '''Lesela''' la boselamose (dikobo) ga le sone fela sengwe se se bonolo fela sa lesela. Ke selo se se nang le mofuthu, boiketlo, mme gantsi se na le bokao jo bo boteng mo dipuong tsa setso kgotsa maikutlo a motho. Mo malapeng a mangwe a batho, go na le lesela le le lekanang, le le bolokilweng bakeng sa go dirisiwa mo bosigong jo bo sengwe kgotsa mo dinakong tsa go phutholola. Lesela la boselamose le emela tshireletso, boitekanelo, le sekao se se bonalang sa gae.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hancook |first=John |date=2026-06-07 |title=The Historical Evolution of Blankets Through the Ages |url=https://nhlink.net/historical-evolution-of-blankets/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Nhlink.net |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:The Donkey blanket(Tonkana).jpg|thumb|kobo]] Go feta fela maitirelo a a jaaka, lesela la boselamose gantsi le nna le bokao jwa maikutlo. Batho ba le bantsi ba amanang le disela tse dingwe tsa boselamose le mehopolo ya bosenyi le boitekanelo fa ba le maswe, le go nna le tsala fa ba le bokhutlong. Bana ba dikgwedi tsa ntlha ba dira lesela la bone la boselamose go nna setshwantsho sa tshireletso le go ba thusa go ikutlwa ba itumeditswe le go robala mo kgatsong e e molemo. Batho ba bagolo, lesela la boselamose le emela phutholo le lorato fa ba khutla mo tirong ya letsatsi kgotsa nako ya go ikhutsa.Mo bokhutshwanong, lesela la boselamose ke selo se se kgolo go feta fela se sengwe se se botlhokwa mo matshelong a letsatsi le letsatsi. Le emela mofuthu, boitekanelo jwa maikutlo, setso, le botsalano jwa batho. Go nna le lesela la boselamose mo botshelong jwa letsatsi le letsatsi go re gopotsa ka ditsela tse di bonolo mme tse di boteng tse tikologo ya rona le dithoto tsa rona di amang maikutlo a tshireletso le kgotso. Go iphuthela mo leselaneng la ngwana wa go robala kgotsa go nna le [[lesela]] le le roketsegileng mogolwane ke tsala e e boitshepo e e nang le bofelo mo botshelong jwa rona.[<ref>{{Cite journal |last=My Hanh |first=Kieu |last2=Ming |first2=Ouyang |date=2026 |title=Party Press History and Wartime Communication in Vietnam: A Study of Nhan Dan Newspaper, 1951-1969 |url=https://doi.org/10.47505/ijrss.2026.6.1 |journal=International Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities |volume=07 |issue=06 |pages=01–09 |doi=10.47505/ijrss.2026.6.1 |issn=2582-6220}}</ref>]] == '''Ditsupiso''' == [[Karolo:Mariga]] ckmnfcaz185ufd46hkqodju7141ag1p 0 15428 56071 2026-09-30T21:06:19Z Ngwanana 12523 TSENYA SETSHWANTSHO 56071 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bokotsi ba go betšha''' [[Setshwantsho:Gambling image.jpg|thumb|348x348px|GAMBLING]] Nako nngwe motho o betšha a leka go dira madi gore a kgone go dira mabaka a gagwe,fela nako nngwe '''bokotsi ba go betšha''' bo bontsi.Go betšha go na le bokotsi bo bontsi gonne o tla go iphitlhela o le mo dikolotong di le dintsi mme o sena tsela ya go tswa mo tsona.Go na le ditiriso tse dintsi tsa go betšha le diwebosaete tse di fitlhelwang bonolo.Diwebosaete tseo di tlhoka madi gore o di dirise.O ka iphitlhela o dirisitse mogolo wa gago otlhe o leka go oketsa madi,mme a go latlhegela mo betšheng.<ref>https://openovergokken.nl/en/top-10-risks-of-gambling/</ref> Nngwe ya diwebosaete tseo kgotsa metshameko eo e e tumileng ke Betway.Betway e na le metshameko yotlhe,go tswa go dipere,tenese,kgwele ya dinao,khasino le tse dingwe.Mme gore o kgone go tshameko e ya Betway o tshwanetse go reka vaotšha,mme e tlhoka madi.Fa o ka iphitlhela o sena madi a lekaneng o ka iphitlhela o dirisitse madi a neng o a bolokile go dira mabaka a a botlhokwa.nako e nngwe o ka iphitlhela o ile kwa batho ba ba adimisang ka madi fela gore o kgone go tshameka kwa Betway,mme o ka palelwe ke go a busa wa tsena mo kotsing.<ref>https://www.msf.gov.sg/ncpg</ref> Go na le bangwe ba ba ipolaileng ka ntlha ya go betšha,bangwe ba latlhegetswe ke malapa,bangwe ba latlhegetswe ke ditiro,ka lebaka la go betšha.Go betšha Go monate fa o fenya,o nna le madi fela go na le ditlamorago sa teng mme ga di monate.Go betšha go kotsi.<ref>https://gamblershelp.com.au/learn-about-gambling/effects-of-gambling/</ref> == DITSHUPISO == # https://openovergokken.nl/en/top-10-risks-of-gambling/ # https://www.msf.gov.sg/ncpg # https://gamblershelp.com.au/learn-about-gambling/effects-of-gambling/ [[Karolo:GAMBLING]] [[Karolo:ADDICTION]] nz35i6vr1ysoe0rifd2vkeshlt961j4 2 15429 56072 2026-09-30T21:16:27Z Nqobile1270 12503 An article about jellyfish 56072 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Sea nettle jellyfish against blue backdrop.jpg|thumb]] == Jellyfish == Jellyfish ke diphologolo tsa lewatle tse mmele wa tsone o leng bonolo ebile o dirilwe thata ka metsi. Le fa leina la yone le na le lefoko “fish”, jellyfish ga se tlhapi. Ke phologolo e e se nang mokokotlo mme e wela mo setlhopheng sa diphologolo se se bidiwang Cnidaria<ref name=":1"><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfish</nowiki></ref> == Popego == Jellyfish gantsi e na le mmele o o tshwanang le tloloko kgotsa sekgele. Ka fa tlase ga mmele go na le molomo, mme go tswa mo mmeleng go na le ditentekele tse di leele. Ditentekele tseno di na le disele tse di kgethegileng tse di bidiwang cnidocytes, tse di thusang jellyfish go tshwara dijo le go itshireletsa mo dibataneng tse dingwe.<ref name=":1" /> Mmele wa jellyfish o na le dikarolo tse tharo tse dikgolo: epidermis, mesoglea le gastrodermis. Mesoglea ke karolo e e tshwanang le jeli e e fa mmele wa yone popego. Hoo e ka nnang 95% ya mmele wa jellyfish ke metsi. Jellyfish ga e na pelo, madi kgotsa boboko. Go na le netweke e bonolo ya methapo e e e thusang go lemoga lesedi le diphetogo tse di diragalang mo tikologong ya yone.<ref name=":1" /> == Go tshela le bonno == Jellyfish e fitlhelwa mo mawatleng le mo metsing a lewatle mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng tsa lefatshe. E tsamaya mo metsing ka go phutha le go bula mmele wa yone o o tshwanang le tloloko. Gantsi e tsamaiswa gape ke metsamao ya metsi. Jellyfish e ja diphologolo tse dinnye tsa lewatle, go akaretsa plankton. E dirisa ditentekele tsa yone go tshwara dijo. Fa phologolo e nngwe e ama ditentekele, disele tse di lomang di ka ntsha ditshika tse dinnye tse di tshwarang kgotsa di golafatsang phologolo e e jewang<ref name=":1" /> == Dikarolo tse di supang == <ref name=":1" />National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). “What are jellyfish made of?” NOAA Ocean Service. <ref name=":1" />Jellyfish.” Wikipedia. Karolo e e tlhalosang modikologo wa botshelo le go tsala ga jellyfish. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). “Happy World Jellyfish Day.” NOAA Ocean Exploration, 3 November 2019. cfzvctrl639a0131iue2t2yjgbfp665 2 15430 56073 2026-09-30T21:37:03Z Nqobile1270 12503 article ya dialeses 56073 wikitext text/x-wiki == Dialise == '''Dialise''' ke kalafi e e dirisiwang go ntsha matlakala, metsi a a feteletseng le diminerale dingwe mo mading fa diphio di sa tlhole di kgona go dira tiro ya tsone sentle.<ref name=":1">[https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/dialysis? https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/dialysis?]</ref> Puo ya “dialysis” e ka kaya mekgwa e mebedi e megolo ya kalafi: '''hemodialysis''' le '''peritoneal dialysis'''.<ref name=":1" /> Dialise e dirisiwa thata mo bathong ba ba nang le '''go palelwa ke diphio''' (kidney failure). Fa diphio di sa tlhole di kgona go ntsha matlakala le metsi a a feteletseng mo mmeleng, dilo tseno di ka kokoana mo mading mme tsa baka mathata a botsogo.<ref name=":2">[https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure? https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure?] </ref> == Maikaelelo a dialises == Tiro ya diphio ke go tlhotlha madi, go ntsha matlakala le metsi a a feteletseng, le go thusa go lekalekanya diminerale mo mmeleng. Fa diphio di palelwa ke tiro eno, dialysis e ka thusa go dira karolo ya tiro e diphio di neng di e dira.<ref name=":1" /> Dialysis e ka thusa go fokotsa go kokoana ga matlakala le metsi a a feteletseng mo mmeleng. Le fa go ntse jalo, dialysis ga se kalafi e e fodisang go palelwa ke diphio; e emela fela karolo ya tiro ya diphio.<ref name=":1" /> == Ke bo mang ba ba tlhokang dialises == Dialysis e dirisiwa segolobogolo fa motho a na le '''kidney failure''', fa diphio di sa tlhole di kgona go dira tiro e e tlhokegang mo mmeleng.<ref name=":2" /> Ka dinako dingwe e ka dirisiwa mo bathong ba ba nang le '''acute kidney injury (AKI)''', e leng fa tiro ya diphio e fokotsega ka tshoganyetso.<ref name=":3">[https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/hemodialysis? https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/hemodialysis?]</ref> Ngaka e sekaseka boemo jwa motho, diteko tsa madi, matshwao le mabaka a mangwe pele e dira tshwetso ya gore dialysis e a tlhokega kgotsa nnyaa.<ref name=":2" /> == Ditlamorago le dikgwetlho == Dialysis e ka thusa go laola matlakala le metsi a a feteletseng mo mmeleng, mme e ka nna le dikgwetlho le ditlamorago tse di farologaneng.[1] Batho ba ba dirang hemodialysis ba ka nna le mathata a a amanang le vascular access, go fetoga ga kgatelelo ya madi kgotsa go ikutlwa ba lapile morago ga kalafi.<ref name=":3" /> Peritoneal dialysis yone e na le kotsi ya '''peritonitis''', e leng tshwaetso ya lera le le mo teng ga mpa. Ka ntlha ya seno, go botlhokwa gore motho a latele ditaelo tsa phepafatso le tlhokomelo ya catheter.<ref name=":4">[https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/peritoneal-dialysis? https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/peritoneal-dialysis?]</ref> == Dijo le botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi == Batho ba ba dirang dialysis ba ka tlhoka go fetola tsela e ba jang le go nwa ka yone. Ditlhokego tsa dijo le metsi di farologana go ya ka mofuta wa dialysis, tiro e e setseng ya diphio le maemo a motho. Setlhopha sa tlhokomelo ya botsogo se ka thusa go rulaganya dijo, metsi le melemo go ya ka diteko tsa madi.<ref name=":4" /> == Dialeses le transplantation == '''Kidney transplant''' ke nngwe ya dikgetho tsa kalafi mo bathong ba ba nang le kidney failure. Mo transplant, diphio tse di itekanetseng tse di tswang mo mofani di tsenngwa mo mmeleng wa motho yo o tlhokang diphio.<ref name=":2" /> Dialysis le transplant di na le ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go thusa motho yo o nang le kidney failure. Ngaka le setlhopha sa tlhokomelo ya botsogo di thusa motho go tlhaloganya dikgetho tse di leng teng go ya ka boemo jwa gagwe.<ref name=":2" /> == Ditshupiso == <ref name=":1" />National Kidney Foundation. '''Dialysis''' <ref name=":2" /> National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). '''Kidney Failure'''. <ref name=":3" /> National Kidney Foundation. '''Hemodialysis: How It Works, Types, and What to Expect'''. <ref name=":4" />National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). '''Peritoneal Dialysis'''. 8z2ma62dt54quffrwczygnqp3dffu49 0 15431 56074 2026-09-30T21:38:40Z Muzi makama 12524 done 56074 wikitext text/x-wiki Tlhatlhama '''Tlhatlhama''' ke sejalo se se botlhokwa se se jalwang ke balemirui mo mafelong a mantsi. E diriswa jaaka dijo mme gape e dirisiwa go dira dijo tse farologaneng, jaaka botoro ya tlhatlhama, oli le dikuku. Tlhatlhama e na le dikotla tse di jaaka [[poroteine]], mafura aa siameng, dibithamine le dimineral , tse di thusang mmele go nna le maatla.tlhatlhama e gola ka fa tlase ga mmu, mme moragon ga go butswa e a epololwa, e a omisiswa le go olokwa. E botlhokwa gape mo ikonoming ka gonne balemirui ba ka erekisa mme ba bone letseno. Baebele kgotsa batho ba ba nang le [[allergy]] ya tlhatlhama ba tshwanetse go nna kelotlhoko fa ba ja kgotsa ba dirisa dijo tse d nang le yone. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SA Peanuts {{!}} Premium South African Peanuts |url=https://www.sapeanuts.co.za/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=SA Peanuts {{!}} Premium South African Peanuts |language=en-US}}</ref> == ditsupetso == [[Karolo:Boroto]] hfhlqze3ycvt9ujehat4ob7mrhwtsqu 0 15432 56075 2026-09-30T21:47:46Z Ngwanana 12523 nn 56075 wikitext text/x-wiki '''GO BOLAWA GA BASADI''' [[Setshwantsho:Vinzenz Katzler - Men killing women at Děvín Castle.jpg|thumb|360x360px|polao ya basadi]] '''Go bolawa ga basadi''' ke tlhobaboroko mo nageng ya rona ya AforikaBorwa,mme naga e eme ka aoto ga ya robala.Dipolayo tseno tsa basadi di simolotse dingwaga di le mmalwa kwa morago kwa,mme gompieno di feteletse.Go bolawa bana,go se kgatalatsege gore bana bao ba dingwaga di le kae,mme seno ke sona se se tshosang go gaisa. Basadi le basetsana ba ka nna 47 000 mo lefatsheng lotlhe ba ne ba bolawa ke balekane ba ba atamalaneng kgotsa maloko a mangwe a lelapa ka 2020. Se se raya gore kapalogare, mosadi kgotsa mosetsana o bolawa ke mongwe wa lelapa metsotso mengwe le mengwe e le 11. Moo diphetogo di ka balelwang teng, dibontsha gore bogolo jwa dipolao tse di jalo tse di amanang le bong bo sa ntse bo le teng bontsi jwa tsone ga di a fetoga, le fa go ntse jalo, ka koketsego e nnye fela le e a fokotsega mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di fetileng.<ref>https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/UN_BriefFem_251121.pdf</ref> Go tlhokega tlhokomelo e tseneletseng ya basadi.Mo kgetseng di le dintsi o fitlhela go sena bopaki bo bo tletseng,mme seo se dira gore kgetse di le dintsi di se rarabololwe,mme seo se tima batswasetlhabelo tšhono ya bona tshiamiso.<ref>https://news.sky.com/story/south-africa-unveils-plan-to-combat-violence-against-women-after-11-killings-13593446</ref> == DITSHUPISO == # https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/UN_BriefFem_251121.pdf # https://news.sky.com/story/south-africa-unveils-plan-to-combat-violence-against-women-after-11-killings-13593446 [[Karolo:Gender based violenve]] [[Karolo:Women/girls]] 2tptwwy2x08vlbtu0lhrp63xstbbwnx 2 15433 56076 2026-09-30T21:52:13Z Nqobile1270 12503 Article ka kalafi ya khemotherapi 56076 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kalafi ya Khemotherapi == '''Khemotherapi''' ke mofuta wa kalafi o o dirisang melemo kgotsa diokobatsi tse di rileng go bolaya disele tsa kankere kgotsa go emisa go gola le go ikatisa ga tsone.[1] Khemotherapi ke nngwe ya ditsela tse di dirisiwang go alafa mefuta e e farologaneng ya kankere.<ref name=":1">[https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html? https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html?]</ref> Khemotherapi e ka dirisiwa e le yone fela kgotsa e kopantswe le mefuta e mengwe ya kalafi, jaaka karo, kalafi ya marangrang (''radiation therapy'') kgotsa kalafi e e lebisang mo dikarolong tse di rileng tsa disele tsa kankere.<ref name=":1" /> == Maikaelelo a khemotherapi == Maikaelelo a khemotherapi a ikaegile ka mofuta wa kankere, gore e tsweletse go le kae le maemo a molwetse.<ref name=":2">[https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/cancer-treatment? https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/cancer-treatment?]</ref>Khemotherapi e ka dirisiwa go: * alafa kankere; * fokotsa kgonagalo ya gore kankere e boele; * emisa kgotsa fokotsa go gola ga kankere; * fokotsa bogolo jwa setshwarwa sa kankere; kgotsa * fokotsa matshwao a a bakwang ke kankere.<ref name=":2" /> Ka dinako dingwe khemotherapi e newa pele ga karo kgotsa kalafi ya marangrang gore e fokotse setshwarwa sa kankere. Fa e newa morago ga karo, e ka thusa go bolaya disele tsa kankere tse di ka tswang di setse mo mmeleng.<ref name=":1" /> == Khemotherapi e dira jang == Khemotherapi e dira segolobogolo ka go bolaya disele tse di golang ka bonako kgotsa ka go emisa go ikatisa ga tsone.<ref name=":1" />Disele tsa kankere gantsi di gola le go ikatisa ka tsela e e sa laolesegeng, mme seno se dira gore di nne lefelo le legolo la go tlhaselwa ke diokobatsi tsa khemotherapi.<ref name=":1" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, khemotherapi e ka ama le disele dingwe tse di itekanetseng tse di golang ka bonako. Seno se ka baka dingwe tsa ditlamorago tsa kalafi.<ref name=":3">[https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy? https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy?]</ref> == Ditlamorago tsa khemotherapi == Khemotherapi e ka ama disele tse di itekanetseng tse di golang ka bonako, mme seno se ka baka ditlamorago.<ref name=":3" /> Ditlamorago di farologana go ya ka motho, mofuta wa khemotherapi le selekanyo sa molemo se se dirisiwang.<ref name=":3" /> Ditlamorago tse di ka bonalang di akaretsa: * go lapa; * go nyeka kgotsa go tlhatsa; * go wa ga moriri; * diso mo ganong; * go opiwa ke mmele; le * diphetogo dingwe mo diseleng tsa madi.<ref name=":2" /> Ga se batho botlhe ba ba nnang le ditlamorago tse di tshwanang. Bontsi jwa ditlamorago bo ka tokafala kgotsa jwa nyelela morago ga go fela ga kalafi, mme seno se ikaegile ka mofuta wa kalafi.<ref name=":1" /> == Go tlhoha kalafi == Khemotherapi e ka ama disele tse di itekanetseng tse di golang ka bonako, mme seno se ka baka ditlamorago.<ref name=":3" /> Ditlamorago di farologana go ya ka motho, mofuta wa khemotherapi le selekanyo sa molemo se se dirisiwang.<ref name=":3" /> Ditlamorago tse di ka bonalang di akaretsa: * go lapa; * go nyeka kgotsa go tlhatsa; * go wa ga moriri; * diso mo ganong; * go opiwa ke mmele; le * diphetogo dingwe mo diseleng tsa madi.<ref name=":2" /> Ga se batho botlhe ba ba nnang le ditlamorago tse di tshwanang. Bontsi jwa ditlamorago bo ka tokafala kgotsa jwa nyelela morago ga go fela ga kalafi, mme seno se ikaegile ka mofuta wa kalafi.<ref name=":1" /> == Ditshupiso == <ref name=":3" />National Cancer Institute (NCI). '''Chemotherapy to Treat Cancer'''. <ref name=":2" />World Health Organization (WHO). '''Cancer treatment'''. <ref name=":1" />MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine. '''Cancer Chemotherapy'''. 7mwyhb9gjb6f90mg5mw7zrapbfgj3t1 0 15434 56077 2026-09-30T21:55:49Z Muzi makama 12524 done 56077 wikitext text/x-wiki kerese [[Setshwantsho:Манастир Моштаница-капела за паљење свећа (Moštanica Monastery, chapel for lighting candles).jpg|thumb|candle]] '''kerese''' ke sengwe sa dilo tse di botlhokwa mo botshelong jwa batho. ke nako e batho ba bontshang lorato, tlotlo le go abelana dimpho le batho ba ba ba ratang. mo malatsing a kerese, batho ba kgabisa [[matlo]], ba reka dimpho mme ba ipha nako ya go nna mmogo le ba malapa le ditsala.ka jalo ,kerese ga se fela nako ya go amogela dimpho, mme ke nako ya lorato.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Candles |url=https://candles.org/history-of-candles/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=National Candle Association |language=en-US}}</ref> == ditsupetso == 4xeimel1i45c93a4oh18fs5w9bxom09 0 15435 56078 2026-09-30T21:59:52Z Ngwanana 12523 TSENYA SETSWHWANTSHO 56078 wikitext text/x-wiki '''BOJALWA''' [[Setshwantsho:Alcohol free & low alcohol section in Waitrose, Western Road, Brighton 2025-02-26.jpg|thumb|370x370px|BOJALWA]] '''Bojalwa''' ke seokobatsi se se botlhole le se se amang tlhaloganyo se se nang le dithoto tse di tlhagisang go ikaega. Mo merafeng e le mentsi ya gompieno, dinotagi ke selo se se tlwaelegileng mo bathong ba le bantsi. Seno ke boammaaruri segolobogolo mo go ba ba mo ditikologong tsa loago tse di nang le ponalo e e kwa godimo le tlhotlheletso ya loago, mo nageng le kwa dinageng tse dingwe, moo bojalwa bo tsamayang le go kopana le batho gangwe le gape. Mo bokaong jono, go bonolo go tlodisa matlho kgotsa go fokotsa tshenyo ya botsogo le ya loago e e bakilweng kgotsa e e nang le seabe mo go yone ke go nwa.<ref>https://www.who.int/health-topics/alcohol#tab=tab_1</ref> Bothata jwa go dirisa bojalwa (jo ka dinako tse dingwe bo bidiwang botagwa) ke bolwetse jo bo tlwaelegileng jwa kalafi. Batho ba ba nang le bolwetse jono ga ba kgone go emisa go nwa, le fa go nwa ga bone bojalwa go ka senya matshelo a bone le a batho ba ba ba dikologileng. Bothata jwa tiriso ya bojalwa bo ka nna botlhofo, jo bo magareng kgotsa jo bo masisi. Dikalafi di ka akaretsa melemo le kalafi ya boitshwaro. Le fa batho ba ba nang le boemo jono ba ka nna ba simolola go nwa gape, dipatlisiso di bontsha gore fa batho ba le bantsi ba alafiwa, ba kgona go fokotsa selekanyo se ba se nwang kgotsa ba tlogela go nwa gotlhelele.<ref>https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3909-alcoholism</ref> == DITSHUPISO == # https://www.who.int/health-topics/alcohol#tab=tab_1 # https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3909-alcoholism [[Karolo:ALCOHOL ABUSE]] [[Karolo:ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION]] spdklqpmt27aeysldoutj6pz3txzvoc 0 15436 56080 2026-09-30T22:18:07Z Nqobile1270 12503 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377486203|Neophema]]" 56080 wikitext text/x-wiki Ka dinako tse dingwe dipapagae tsa mogatla o o sephara di tsewa e le lelapapotlana. Mo ntlheng e, ''Neophema'' le papalagae ya ga Bourke ba kopantswe mo morafeng wa '''Neophemini''' . Tshedimosetso ya tatelano ya mtDNA (Miyaki ''et al.'' 1998) e akantsha gore kgopolo ya ntlha e ka nna ya bo e nepagetse,mme ya bobedi e batla e sa boammaaruri.Go lebega gore setlhopha seno se tshwanetse go akaretsa mefuta e mengwe e e amanang thata le yone,jaaka budgerigar le dipapakau tsa fa fatshe tsa Pezoporus. tshekatsheko ya DNA ya mitochondria e e gatisitsweng ka 2021 e bontshitse gore bagologolo ba papakau ya Bourke le di papakau tse dingwe tsa Neophema ba ka tswa ba kgaogane dingwaga tse di fa gare ga dimilione di le 6.4 le 8 tse di fetileng.Mo go tse nne tseno, mogologolwane wa papalagae e e nang le mpa ya mmala wa lamune o ne a fapoga morago ga moo, morago ga moo papalagae e e maphatsiphatsi, a tlogela papalagae e e nang le diphuka tse di pududu le ya letlapa e le ba losika lo lo gaufi thata. <ref name="hogg21">{{Cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Carolyn J. |last2=Morrison |first2=Caitlin |last3=Dudley |first3=Jessica S. |last4=Alquezar-Planas |first4=David E. |last5=Beasley-Hall |first5=Perry G. |last6=Magrath |first6=Michael J. L. |last7=Ho |first7=Simon Y. W. |last8=Lo |first8=Nathan |last9=Johnson |first9=Rebecca N. |last10=Grueber |first10=Catherine E. |year=2021 |title=Using phylogenetics to explore interspecies genetic rescue options for a critically endangered parrot |journal=Conservation Science and Practice |volume=3 |issue=9 |bibcode=2021ConSP...3E.483H |doi=10.1111/csp2.483 |s2cid=237886232 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Mefuta === {| class="wikitable" !Setshwantsho ! Leina le le tlwaelegileng ! Leina la saense |- |[[File:Neophema_chrysostoma_mortimer_2.jpg|120x120px]] |Papalagae e e diphuka tse di pududu | ''Kereisostoma ya Neofema'' |- |[[File:Elegant_Parrot_Juvenile.jpg|120x120px]] | Papalagae e ntle | ''Bontle jwa Neofema'' |- |[[File:Rock_Parrot.jpg|120x120px]] | Papalagae ya letlapa | ''Neophema ya peterofila'' |- |[[File:Neophema_chrysogaster_male_-_Melaleuca.jpg|120x120px]] | Papalagae ya mpa ya mmala wa lamune | ''Neofema kereisogasetere'' |- |[[File:Neophema_pulchella_male_-_Glen_Davis.jpg|180x180px]] | Papalagae ya mmala wa mmala | ''Neophema ya dipula'' |- |[[File:Scarlet-chested_Parrot_0A2A5594.jpg|120x120px]] | Papalagae ya sehuba se sehibidu | ''Neofema splendida'' |- |[[File:Bourke's_Parrot_-_Neopsephotus_bourkii.jpg|120x120px]] | Papalagae ya ga Bourke | Go ikaegile ka mokwadi, papalagae ya ga Bourke ( ''Neopsephotus bourkii'' ) le yona e ka tsewa jaaka leloko la mofuta wa Neophema, fa ba bangwe bone ba e baya mo mofuteng wa ''Neopsephotus'' . |} == Temothuo ya dinonyane == Papalagae ya sehuba se sehibidu, papalagae ya turquoise le papalagae e e maphatsiphatsi tsotlhe di tlwaelegile go godisiwa le go tsadisiwa mo botshwarong mme go tlhagelela mefuta e le mmalwa ya mmala e e sa tlwaelegang . Ditokololo tsa mofuta ono ga di bonolo gotlhelele go di boloka, e le dinonyane tse di bonolo tse di ka swang kwantle ga lebaka le le bonalang, di ineela mo go tlhorontshiweng ke balekane ba ba nonofileng thata ba dinonyane kgotsa malwetse. Se se kgoreleditse maiteko a go anamisa a a tshwerweng, sekao, mo ntlheng ya papalagae e e mo kotsing e e masisi ya go nyelela ya mpa ya mmala wa namune . Ke dinonyane tse ruri di sa tshwanelang batho ba ba simololang go di rua, mme gantsi ga di tshela sentle fa di sa newe lefelo le legolo la go nna mo go lone, moo stlhopha se sennye sa tsone se ka nnang mmogo le dinonyane tse dingwe tse dinnye le tse di seng kotsi. Go a kgonega go tshola para kgotsa nonyane e le nngwe mo serubing, fela di tla nna bonya e bile di sa itekanela fa di sa letlwe go tswa go fofa le go itsalanya le batho kgapetsakgapetsa. Kgwebisano ya disampole tse di tshwerweng kwa nageng e thibetswe thata; le fa go ka nna jang, tseno di tshwanetse go ganwa ka gonne di thata mo go feteletseng go di tlwaetsa mo maemong a dinonyane. Gantsi ga go kgonege, tota le mo baitseanapeng ba dinonyane, go boloka dinonyane tse di tshwerweng kwa nageng di tshela dikgwedi di feta di le mmalwa. Dinonyane tse di tsadisitsweng mo botshwarong tsa mefuta e le mmalwa di teng, mme tseno di thata thata, le fa baitseanape ba dinonyane ba ba senang maitemogelo ba tshwanetse go di tila le fa go ntse jalo. pwormxz5ofibgw83juh1c0l1t8its4t 0 15437 56081 2026-09-30T22:32:38Z P'kaytee 12489 i have created an article 56081 wikitext text/x-wiki Matseno [[Setshwantsho:Social media collection 2020s.png|thumb|Bobegakgang jwa loago e itaya Baithuti tseleng ya dithuto]] Bobegakgang jwa loago e fetogile karolo ya botlhokwa ya botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi jwa baithuti. Baithuti ba dirisa dipolatefomo tse di jaaka WhatsApp, TikTok, Instagram le Facebook go buisana, go itlosa bodutu le go batla tshedimosetso. Le fa bobegakgang jwa loago e ka thusa, go e dirisa thata go ka itaya baithuti tseleng ya dithuto tsa bone. UNESCO e tlhalosa gore tiriso ya thekenoloji ya dijithale ka tsela e e feteletseng e ka baka tšitiso mme ya ama go ithuta ga baithuti. (GEM Report 2023⁠<ref>https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/technology</ref> Go Fokotsa Tlhokomelo Nngwe ya ditsela tse social media e itayang baithuti tseleng ka yone ke ka go fokotsa tlhokomelo ya bone. Moithuti a ka simolola go ithuta mme a bo a itaya a tlhokomelwa ke ditsebeletso kgotsa melaetsa e e tswang mo social media. A ka tsaya nakonyana a lebile molaetsa kgotsa video mme a feleletsa a feditse nako e telele. UNESCO e bontsha gore didiriswa tsa dijithale le ditshupanako tsa melaetsa di ka dira gore baithuti ba latlhegelwe ke tlhokomelo fa ba ithuta. (GEM Report 2023⁠)<ref>https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/technology</ref> Go Sa Laole Nako Sentle Social media e ka dira gore baithuti ba thatafalelwe ke go laola nako ya bone. Moithuti a ka rulaganya go dirisa TikTok, Instagram kgotsa social media e nngwe metsotso e se kae fela, mme a feleletsa a feditse nako e telele. Seno se fokotsa nako e a tshwanetseng go e dirisa mo go ithuteng, go dira dikabelo le go ipaakanyetsa diteko. Fa moithuti a dirisa nako e ntsi mo social media, a ka feleletsa a dira tiro ya sekolo ka lepotlapotla.<ref>https://gem-report-2023.unesco.org/technology-in-education/</ref> Bobegakgang jwa loago ka Nako ya go Ithuta Baithuti bangwe ba dirisa difouno tsa bone fa ba ithuta. Ba ka fetofetola magareng ga tiro ya sekolo le social media ka dinako tsotlhe. Seno se ka dira gore go nne thata go tlhoma mogopolo mo tirong ya sekolo. UNESCO e tlhalosa gore tiriso e e feteletseng ya thekenoloji ya dijithale e ka kgoreletsa go ithuta, segolobogolo fa thekenoloji e dirisiwa mo ditirong tse di sa amaneng le dithuto. (GEM Report 2023⁠)<ref name=":1">https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/articles/four-questions-ask-choosing-technology-education</ref> Boroko le go Ithuta Go dirisa social media bosigo le gone go ka ama thulaganyo ya go ithuta ya baithuti. Baithuti ba ka nna ba robala morago ka gonne ba lebile dibidio, ba tlotla le ditsala kgotsa ba lebile bobegakgang jwa loago. Seno se ka fokotsa nako ya boroko. Fa moithuti a sa bone boroko jo bo lekaneng, a ka fitlhela go le thata go tlhoma mogopolo le go nna le seabe sentle mo dithutong tsa gagwe letsatsi le le latelang.<ref name=":1" /> Ditlamorago mo Dithutong Go dirisa bobegakgang jwa loago thata go ka kgoreletsa ditiro tsa dithuto tse di jaaka go bala, go dira dikabelo le go ipaakanyetsa ditlhatlhobo. Patlisiso ya UNESCO e bontsha gore tiriso e e feteletseng ya thekenoloji ya dijithale e ka amana le diphelelo tse di sa siamang mo go ithuteng ga baithuti, segolobogolo fa thekenoloji e dirisiwa mo ditirong tse di sa amaneng le dithuto. (GEM Report 2023⁠)<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/media-and-information-literacy-critical-approach-literacy-digital-world</ref> Ditshupiso # Global Education Monitoring Report 2023: Technology in Education – A Tool on Whose Terms? https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/technology # Technology in Education: A Tool on Whose Terms? https://gem-report-2023.unesco.org/technology-in-education/ # UNESCO. (2023). Four Questions to Ask Before Choosing Technology in Education. https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/articles/four-questions-ask-choosing-technology-education # UNESCO. Media and Information Literacy: A Critical Approach to Literacy in the Digital World. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/media-and-information-literacy-critical-approach-literacy-digital-world g0f2ckas4966jvvs3w7kn1sfu5na27t 56082 56081 2026-09-30T22:33:16Z P'kaytee 12489 I'm done with my article 56082 wikitext text/x-wiki Matseno [[Setshwantsho:Social media collection 2020s.png|thumb|Bobegakgang jwa loago e itaya Baithuti tseleng ya dithuto]] Bobegakgang jwa loago e fetogile karolo ya botlhokwa ya botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi jwa baithuti. Baithuti ba dirisa dipolatefomo tse di jaaka WhatsApp, TikTok, Instagram le Facebook go buisana, go itlosa bodutu le go batla tshedimosetso. Le fa bobegakgang jwa loago e ka thusa, go e dirisa thata go ka itaya baithuti tseleng ya dithuto tsa bone. UNESCO e tlhalosa gore tiriso ya thekenoloji ya dijithale ka tsela e e feteletseng e ka baka tšitiso mme ya ama go ithuta ga baithuti. (GEM Report 2023⁠<ref>https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/technology</ref> Go Fokotsa Tlhokomelo Nngwe ya ditsela tse social media e itayang baithuti tseleng ka yone ke ka go fokotsa tlhokomelo ya bone. Moithuti a ka simolola go ithuta mme a bo a itaya a tlhokomelwa ke ditsebeletso kgotsa melaetsa e e tswang mo social media. A ka tsaya nakonyana a lebile molaetsa kgotsa video mme a feleletsa a feditse nako e telele. UNESCO e bontsha gore didiriswa tsa dijithale le ditshupanako tsa melaetsa di ka dira gore baithuti ba latlhegelwe ke tlhokomelo fa ba ithuta. (GEM Report 2023⁠)<ref>https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/technology</ref> Go Sa Laole Nako Sentle Social media e ka dira gore baithuti ba thatafalelwe ke go laola nako ya bone. Moithuti a ka rulaganya go dirisa TikTok, Instagram kgotsa social media e nngwe metsotso e se kae fela, mme a feleletsa a feditse nako e telele. Seno se fokotsa nako e a tshwanetseng go e dirisa mo go ithuteng, go dira dikabelo le go ipaakanyetsa diteko. Fa moithuti a dirisa nako e ntsi mo social media, a ka feleletsa a dira tiro ya sekolo ka lepotlapotla.<ref>https://gem-report-2023.unesco.org/technology-in-education/</ref> Bobegakgang jwa loago ka Nako ya go Ithuta Baithuti bangwe ba dirisa difouno tsa bone fa ba ithuta. Ba ka fetofetola magareng ga tiro ya sekolo le social media ka dinako tsotlhe. Seno se ka dira gore go nne thata go tlhoma mogopolo mo tirong ya sekolo. UNESCO e tlhalosa gore tiriso e e feteletseng ya thekenoloji ya dijithale e ka kgoreletsa go ithuta, segolobogolo fa thekenoloji e dirisiwa mo ditirong tse di sa amaneng le dithuto. (GEM Report 2023⁠)<ref name=":1">https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/articles/four-questions-ask-choosing-technology-education</ref> Boroko le go Ithuta Go dirisa social media bosigo le gone go ka ama thulaganyo ya go ithuta ya baithuti. Baithuti ba ka nna ba robala morago ka gonne ba lebile dibidio, ba tlotla le ditsala kgotsa ba lebile bobegakgang jwa loago. Seno se ka fokotsa nako ya boroko. Fa moithuti a sa bone boroko jo bo lekaneng, a ka fitlhela go le thata go tlhoma mogopolo le go nna le seabe sentle mo dithutong tsa gagwe letsatsi le le latelang.<ref name=":1" /> Ditlamorago mo Dithutong Go dirisa bobegakgang jwa loago thata go ka kgoreletsa ditiro tsa dithuto tse di jaaka go bala, go dira dikabelo le go ipaakanyetsa ditlhatlhobo. Patlisiso ya UNESCO e bontsha gore tiriso e e feteletseng ya thekenoloji ya dijithale e ka amana le diphelelo tse di sa siamang mo go ithuteng ga baithuti, segolobogolo fa thekenoloji e dirisiwa mo ditirong tse di sa amaneng le dithuto. (GEM Report 2023⁠)<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/media-and-information-literacy-critical-approach-literacy-digital-world</ref> Ditshupiso # Global Education Monitoring Report 2023: Technology in Education – A Tool on Whose Terms? https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/technology # Technology in Education: A Tool on Whose Terms? https://gem-report-2023.unesco.org/technology-in-education/ # UNESCO. (2023). Four Questions to Ask Before Choosing Technology in Education. https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/articles/four-questions-ask-choosing-technology-education # UNESCO. Media and Information Literacy: A Critical Approach to Literacy in the Digital World. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/media-and-information-literacy-critical-approach-literacy-digital-world 257xqis0f4eo987sauzs77w68dfud8g 0 15438 56084 2026-09-30T22:43:12Z Nqobile1270 12503 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367883817|Euthymia (medicine)]]" 56084 wikitext text/x-wiki Mo kalafing ya tlhaloganyo le ya tlhaloganyo, '''euthymia''' ke seemo se se tlwaelegileng, se se ritibetseng sa tlhaloganyo kgotsa maikutlo . <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Oliwenstein |first=Lori |date=2004-12-07 |title=Psychology Today Taming Bipolar Disorder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3LUqIqfwY4gC&pg=PA343 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-4406-9631-2 |pages=343 |language=en}}</ref> Batho ba ba nang le mathata a maikutlo, go akaretsa le bolwetse jwa go tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong le jwa go tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong, ba nna le maikutlo a a tlhomameng a a sa tshwenyegeng thata mo maikutlong . Go fitlhelela le go boloka euthymia ke mokgele wa kalafi ya balwetse ba bipolar segolobogolo. Lereo ''euthymia'' le tswa mo mafokong a Segerika {{Lang|el|ευ}} ''eu'' ' le {{Lang|el|θυμός}} ' wa ''thymos'' . <ref name="Jorgenson">{{Cite book |last=Jorgenseon |first=Chad |date=2018 |title=The Embodied Soul in Plato's Later Thought |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316795651.003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781316795651 |pages=6-38 |doi=10.1017/9781316795651.003}}</ref> Lefoko “ thymos ” le ne le na le bokao jo bo nnè: maatla a botshelo, maikutlo/dikeletso, keletso/thato, le kakanyo/botlhale; mme gape e ne e bofilwe mo tekanong ya loago sk go batla tlotlo mo go ba bangwe. <ref name="Jorgenson" /> Mofuta wa lediri "euthymeo” o ne o kaya bobedi “Ke itumetse, ke mo maikutlong a a siameng” le “Ke itumedisa ba bangwe, ke tlhomamisetsa le go rotloetsa”. Euthymi e ne e kaya bobedi "le itumetse,ke mo maemong a mantle a maikutlo" le "ke dira gore ba bangwe ba itumele, ke a ba tlhomamisetsa le go ba ka kgothatsa."Democritus,yo o simolotseng kgopolo ya euthymia, o ne a re euthymia e fitlhelwa fa " motho a kgotsofetse ka se a nang le sone le se se leng teng, a sa tshwenyege thata ka batho ba ba mo fufegelang le ba ba tlotlwang,mme a ela tlhoko matshelo a batho ba ba bogang mme ba tswelela ba itshokile.Moragonyana, seno se ne sa fetolwa mo thanolong e e neng ya newa ke rafilosofi wa Moroma,Seneca yo Monyane,yo o neng a tlhalosa euthymia e le boemo jwa kagiso ya mo teng ga motho le kgotsofalo.Seneca gape e ne e le ene wa ntlha go golaganya boemo jwa euthymia le thulaganyo ya go ithuta.gore motho a bo fitlhelele, o tshwanetse go itse ka boitekanelo jwa gagwe jwa tlhaloganyo le maikutlo . == Hisetori == Ka 1958, Marie Jahoda o ne a naya tlhaloso ya segompieno ya kalafi ya boitekanelo jwa tlhaloganyo go ya ka matshwao a a siameng ka go tlhalosa ditlhokego tsa boitekanelo jwa tlhaloganyo: "go ipusa (taolo ya boitshwaro go tswa mo teng), bokgoni jwa tikologo, tirisano e e kgotsofatsang le batho ba bangwe le tikologo, tlhabololo ya settitude, setaele sa motho le go gola ga gagwe. ya motho ka nosi go ya kwa go ene". Mo tlhalosong ya gagwe o ne a dumela gore go tlhoka bolwetse go botlhokwa, mme go sa lekana, go bopa botsogo jo bo siameng jwa tlhaloganyo, kgotsa euthymia. === Katoloso ya kgopolo ya kalafi === Kgopolo ya setso ya kalafi ya ''euthymia'' ke go tlhoka bothata. Seno se itshupa se sa lekana: balwetse ba ba tsewang ba le mo phodisong, ke gore ba sa bontshe matshwao a a fitlhelelang selekanyo sa go tlhatlhobiwa, ba santse ba bontsha bokoa mo boitekanelong jwa tlhaloganyo fa ba bapisiwa le batho ba ba itekanetseng. <ref name="Fava20">{{Cite journal |last=Fava |first=Giovanni A. |last2=Guidi |first2=Jenny |date=February 2020 |title=The pursuit of euthymia |journal=World Psychiatry |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=40–50 |doi=10.1002/wps.20698 |pmc=7254162 |doi-access=free}}</ref> : 40  Carol Ryff ( 1989 ) e nnile ene wa ntlha go tlhama sekale se se tseneletseng se se ka sekasekang euthymia: sekao sa dintlha di le thataro tsa boitekanelo jwa tlhaloganyo . Sekala sa dintlha di le 84 se akaretsa dikarolo tsa go ikamogela, go nna le dikamano tse di siameng le ba bangwe, go ipusa, go kgona go tlhokomela tikologo, go nna le boikaelelo mo botshelong le go gola ka namana. Garamoni et al (1991) ba tlhalositse euthymia jaaka e e nang le tekatekano magareng ga tse di siameng le tse di sa siamang mo dikarolong tse thataro tsa tlhaloganyo mme e ama dintlha tse di tshwanang le tsa Ryff. Go nna le positivity e ntsi mo ntlheng e le nngwe ga se euthymia: sekai, motho yo o nang le "boikaelelo jo bonnye thata mo botshelong" o tla tlhoka go ikutlwa a na le bokao mo botshelong, fa yo o nang le bontsi thata a tla bo a na le ditsholofelo le ditsholofelo tse di seng tsa mmatota. <ref name="Fava20" /> : 41  Kgopolo ya go itsetsepela (kgotsa, go emelana le kgatelelo ya maikutlo) e ne ya okediwa gape ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000 ke bakwadi mo lephateng leno. Tlhaloso ya ga Fava le Bech (2016) e ka bonwa jaaka sekai sa segompieno: <ref name="Fava20" /> : 42  * '''Go tlhoka go kgoreletsega ga maikutlo.''' Jaaka ka tlhaloganyo ya bogologolo ya kalafi, go itshwarelwa ka botlalo ga bolwetse jwa maikutlo jo bo fetileng. Fa go na le kutlobotlhoko epe, go tlhobaela kgotsa go tenega, go tshwanetse ga nna ga nako e khutshwane mme go kgonege gore go kgaosediwe. * '''E ama ka tsela e e siameng.''' Go itumela, go iketla, go kgatlhegela dilo, mmogo le boroko jo bo tsosolosang. * '''Go itekanela sentle mo tlhaloganyong.''' Go fetofetoga le maemo (go lekalekanya maatla a tlhaloganyo, go go tshwanang le ga Garamoni), go tlhomama (go leba botshelo ka tsela e e kopanyang), go itshoka (go emelana le kgatelelo ya mogopolo), le go itshokela go tlhobaela le go kgobega marapo. ibyv014pefny3edhqtsfw6oxsnd7npq 0 15439 56086 2026-10-01T09:21:29Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361341291|Yazz the Greatest]]" 56086 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Bryshere Yazuan Gray''' (O belegwe ka Ngwanatsele 28, 1993), <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eichel |first=Molly |date=December 3, 2014 |title=Bravo Host Andy Cohen Loved Working with Eagle Boykin |url=http://articles.philly.com/2014-12-03/entertainment/56653476_1_eagle-brandon-boykin-andy-cohen-boykin-plays |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728232625/http://articles.philly.com/2014-12-03/entertainment/56653476_1_eagle-brandon-boykin-andy-cohen-boykin-plays |archive-date=July 28, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |website=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-21 |title=Meet Bryshere Gray, The Bad Boy Doing Better On 'Empire' |url=https://www.vibe.com/2015/01/bryshere-gray-yazz-the-greatest-empire-interview |access-date=2021-01-24 |website=Vibe |language=en}}</ref> o itsiwe ka leina la '''Yazz the greatest''' ke modiragatsi le moopedi wa repe wa Moamerika, yo o itsegeng thata ka seabe sa gagwe sa [[Hakeem Lyon]] mo motseletseleng wa thelebišene wa Fox mo motshamekong wa ''[[Empire]]'' . O itsege ka go tshameka e le [[Michael Bivins]] mo motshamekong wa 2017 wa The new Edition story. == Tiro ya gawe == Fa e sale ka 2013, Gray o ne a tshameka kwa meletlong e e farologaneng ya mmino mo tikologong ya Philadelphia, go akaretsa le ya ga [[Jay Z]] ya Made in America, [[The Roots]]' Picnic Festival, le consata ya [[Power 99FM's]] t. Entse e le ene yo o bulellang Fabolous le 2 Chainzga ba opela.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2015 |title=Who Plays Hakeem on Empire? 5 Things to Know About Bryshere Gray |url=http://www.wetpaint.com/tv/articles/2015-01-05-who-plays-hakeem-empire-5 |access-date=March 16, 2015 |website=Wetpaint |publisher=[[Wetpaint]]}}</ref> pina ya gagwe ya "Respect" e ne ya gololwa ka 2013. ka 2015, Gray o ne a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha jaaka Hakeem Lyon mo thelebišeneng ya Fox ya terama ya Empire, a na le [[Taraji P. Henson]], [[Terrence Howard]] le [[Jussie Smollett]].<ref>{{Cite news|work=Franchise Herald|date=January 31, 2015|access-date=March 16, 2015|title='Empire' TV Series Cast Bryshere Gray And How He Crawled His Way Into The Phenomenal Fox Show Discussed|url=http://www.franchiseherald.com/articles/21332/20150131/empire-tv-series-cast.htm|first=Evelyn|last=Hammond}}</ref> Ka Mopitlo 2015, go ne ga netefadiwa gore Smollett le Gray ba ne ba ikgolagantse le [[Columbia Records]] e le baopedi ba go ema nosi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-empire-music-timberland-jim-beanz-20150311-story.html|last=Kennedy|first=Gerrick D.|work=Los Angeles Times|date=March 11, 2015|access-date=March 25, 2016|title='Empire' aims to climb music charts as well as TV rankings}}</ref> Ka Moranang 2016, Gray o ne a tshameka, mmogo le [[Elijah Kelley]], [[Luke James]], Algee Smith, Keith Powers le Woody McClain, mo go BET miniseries ka R&B [[boyband New Edition]], e e simolotseng ka Ferikgong 2017. Gray o ne a kgethwa go tshameka motlhami wa New Edition, [[Michael Bivins]]. .<ref>{{Cite news|last=<!--Staff writer(s); No by-line-->|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/bryshere-gray-stars-bets-edition-project-38547136|title=Bryshere Y. Gray Among Stars of BET's New Edition Project|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|date=April 20, 2016|access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> Ka Moranang 2018, Gray o ne a tshameka karolo ya Tyrell le T[[eyana Taylor]] mo go Honey: Rise Up and Dance. == Dietsele tse a di fentseng == === Dietsele ts kwa BET === * 2018: Motshameki yo o gaisitseng : Empire (Nominated) === Dietsele tsa Teen Choice === * 2015: Choice TV: Breakout Star: Empire (Nominated) * 2015: Choice TV: Chemistry: Empire (Nominated) * 2015: Choice Music: Song From a Movie or TV Show: "You're So Beautiful" with Jussie Smollett (Nominated) == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 8cn8io59s394r6uuxe2j4ng30x5c2e1 56087 56086 2026-10-01T09:23:32Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56087 wikitext text/x-wiki  [[Setshwantsho:Bryshere Y. Gray (26362135321).jpg|thumb]] '''Bryshere Yazuan Gray''' (O belegwe ka Ngwanatsele 28, 1993), <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eichel |first=Molly |date=December 3, 2014 |title=Bravo Host Andy Cohen Loved Working with Eagle Boykin |url=http://articles.philly.com/2014-12-03/entertainment/56653476_1_eagle-brandon-boykin-andy-cohen-boykin-plays |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728232625/http://articles.philly.com/2014-12-03/entertainment/56653476_1_eagle-brandon-boykin-andy-cohen-boykin-plays |archive-date=July 28, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |website=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-21 |title=Meet Bryshere Gray, The Bad Boy Doing Better On 'Empire' |url=https://www.vibe.com/2015/01/bryshere-gray-yazz-the-greatest-empire-interview |access-date=2021-01-24 |website=Vibe |language=en}}</ref> o itsiwe ka leina la '''Yazz the greatest''' ke modiragatsi le moopedi wa repe wa Moamerika, yo o itsegeng thata ka seabe sa gagwe sa [[Hakeem Lyon]] mo motseletseleng wa thelebišene wa Fox mo motshamekong wa ''[[Empire]]'' . O itsege ka go tshameka e le [[Michael Bivins]] mo motshamekong wa 2017 wa The new Edition story. [[Setshwantsho:Bryshere Y. Gray (cropped).jpg|thumb]] == Tiro ya gawe == Fa e sale ka 2013, Gray o ne a tshameka kwa meletlong e e farologaneng ya mmino mo tikologong ya Philadelphia, go akaretsa le ya ga [[Jay Z]] ya Made in America, [[The Roots]]' Picnic Festival, le consata ya [[Power 99FM's]] t. Entse e le ene yo o bulellang Fabolous le 2 Chainzga ba opela.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2015 |title=Who Plays Hakeem on Empire? 5 Things to Know About Bryshere Gray |url=http://www.wetpaint.com/tv/articles/2015-01-05-who-plays-hakeem-empire-5 |access-date=March 16, 2015 |website=Wetpaint |publisher=[[Wetpaint]]}}</ref> pina ya gagwe ya "Respect" e ne ya gololwa ka 2013. ka 2015, Gray o ne a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha jaaka Hakeem Lyon mo thelebišeneng ya Fox ya terama ya Empire, a na le [[Taraji P. Henson]], [[Terrence Howard]] le [[Jussie Smollett]].<ref>{{Cite news|work=Franchise Herald|date=January 31, 2015|access-date=March 16, 2015|title='Empire' TV Series Cast Bryshere Gray And How He Crawled His Way Into The Phenomenal Fox Show Discussed|url=http://www.franchiseherald.com/articles/21332/20150131/empire-tv-series-cast.htm|first=Evelyn|last=Hammond}}</ref> Ka Mopitlo 2015, go ne ga netefadiwa gore Smollett le Gray ba ne ba ikgolagantse le [[Columbia Records]] e le baopedi ba go ema nosi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-empire-music-timberland-jim-beanz-20150311-story.html|last=Kennedy|first=Gerrick D.|work=Los Angeles Times|date=March 11, 2015|access-date=March 25, 2016|title='Empire' aims to climb music charts as well as TV rankings}}</ref> Ka Moranang 2016, Gray o ne a tshameka, mmogo le [[Elijah Kelley]], [[Luke James]], Algee Smith, Keith Powers le Woody McClain, mo go BET miniseries ka R&B [[boyband New Edition]], e e simolotseng ka Ferikgong 2017. Gray o ne a kgethwa go tshameka motlhami wa New Edition, [[Michael Bivins]]. .<ref>{{Cite news|last=<!--Staff writer(s); No by-line-->|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/bryshere-gray-stars-bets-edition-project-38547136|title=Bryshere Y. Gray Among Stars of BET's New Edition Project|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|date=April 20, 2016|access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> Ka Moranang 2018, Gray o ne a tshameka karolo ya Tyrell le T[[eyana Taylor]] mo go Honey: Rise Up and Dance. == Dietsele tse a di fentseng == === Dietsele ts kwa BET === * 2018: Motshameki yo o gaisitseng : Empire (Nominated) === Dietsele tsa Teen Choice === * 2015: Choice TV: Breakout Star: Empire (Nominated) * 2015: Choice TV: Chemistry: Empire (Nominated) * 2015: Choice Music: Song From a Movie or TV Show: "You're So Beautiful" with Jussie Smollett (Nominated) == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] gcloxexyl2msbci1wcyj9vs6885axot 56088 56087 2026-10-01T09:24:06Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Bryshere Y. Gray (26362135321).jpg|thumb]] '''Bryshere Yazuan Gray''' (O belegwe ka Ngwanatsele 28, 1993), <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eichel |first=Molly |date=December 3, 2014 |title=Bravo Host Andy Cohen Loved Working with Eagle Boykin |url=http://articles.philly.com/2014-12-03/entertainment/56653476_1_eagle-brandon-boykin-andy-cohen-boykin-plays |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728232625/http://articles.philly.com/2014-12-03/entertainment/56653476_1_eagle-brandon-boykin-andy-cohen-boykin-plays |archive-date=July 28, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |website=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-21 |title=Meet Bryshere Gray, The Bad Boy Doing Better On 'Empire' |url=https://www.vibe.com/2015/01/bryshere-gray-yazz-the-greatest-empire-interview |access-date=2021-01-24 |website=Vibe |language=en}}</ref> o itsiwe ka leina la '''Yazz the greatest''' ke modiragatsi le moopedi wa repe wa Moamerika, yo o itsegeng thata ka seabe sa gagwe sa [[Hakeem Lyon]] mo motseletseleng wa thelebišene wa Fox mo motshamekong wa ''[[Empire]]'' . O itsege ka go tshameka e le [[Michael Bivins]] mo motshamekong wa 2017 wa The new Edition story. [[Setshwantsho:Bryshere Y. Gray (cropped).jpg|thumb]] == Tiro ya gawe == Fa e sale ka 2013, Gray o ne a tshameka kwa meletlong e e farologaneng ya mmino mo tikologong ya Philadelphia, go akaretsa le ya ga [[Jay Z]] ya Made in America, [[The Roots]]' Picnic Festival, le consata ya [[Power 99FM's]] t. Entse e le ene yo o bulellang Fabolous le 2 Chainzga ba opela.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2015 |title=Who Plays Hakeem on Empire? 5 Things to Know About Bryshere Gray |url=http://www.wetpaint.com/tv/articles/2015-01-05-who-plays-hakeem-empire-5 |access-date=March 16, 2015 |website=Wetpaint |publisher=[[Wetpaint]]}}</ref> pina ya gagwe ya "Respect" e ne ya gololwa ka 2013. ka 2015, Gray o ne a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha jaaka Hakeem Lyon mo thelebišeneng ya Fox ya terama ya Empire, a na le [[Taraji P. Henson]], [[Terrence Howard]] le [[Jussie Smollett]].<ref>{{Cite news|work=Franchise Herald|date=January 31, 2015|access-date=March 16, 2015|title='Empire' TV Series Cast Bryshere Gray And How He Crawled His Way Into The Phenomenal Fox Show Discussed|url=http://www.franchiseherald.com/articles/21332/20150131/empire-tv-series-cast.htm|first=Evelyn|last=Hammond}}</ref> Ka Mopitlo 2015, go ne ga netefadiwa gore Smollett le Gray ba ne ba ikgolagantse le [[Columbia Records]] e le baopedi ba go ema nosi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-empire-music-timberland-jim-beanz-20150311-story.html|last=Kennedy|first=Gerrick D.|work=Los Angeles Times|date=March 11, 2015|access-date=March 25, 2016|title='Empire' aims to climb music charts as well as TV rankings}}</ref> Ka Moranang 2016, Gray o ne a tshameka, mmogo le [[Elijah Kelley]], [[Luke James]], Algee Smith, Keith Powers le Woody McClain, mo go BET miniseries ka R&B [[boyband New Edition]], e e simolotseng ka Ferikgong 2017. Gray o ne a kgethwa go tshameka motlhami wa New Edition, [[Michael Bivins]]. .<ref>{{Cite news|last=<!--Staff writer(s); No by-line-->|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/bryshere-gray-stars-bets-edition-project-38547136|title=Bryshere Y. Gray Among Stars of BET's New Edition Project|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|date=April 20, 2016|access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> Ka Moranang 2018, Gray o ne a tshameka karolo ya Tyrell le T[[eyana Taylor]] mo go Honey: Rise Up and Dance. == Dietsele tse a di fentseng == === Dietsele ts kwa BET === * 2018: Motshameki yo o gaisitseng : Empire (Nominated) === Dietsele tsa Teen Choice === * 2015: Choice TV: Breakout Star: Empire (Nominated) * 2015: Choice TV: Chemistry: Empire (Nominated) * 2015: Choice Music: Song From a Movie or TV Show: "You're So Beautiful" with Jussie Smollett (Nominated) == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] puxjdljw9bard1orse0e803jdu57lcv 0 15440 56089 2026-10-01T09:58:14Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354761828|Trai Byers]]" 56089 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Trai Byers''' (O belegwe ka Phukwi 19, 1983)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathew |first=Ilin |date=July 18, 2015 |title=Trai Byers Turns 32: Interesting Facts and Photos of Andre Lyon from 'Empire' |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/trai-byers-turns-32-interesting-facts-photos-andre-lyon-empire-639726 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305082000/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/trai-byers-turns-32-interesting-facts-photos-andre-lyon-empire-639726 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |access-date=July 28, 2015 |website=[[International Business Times]] |publisher=[[IBT Media]]}}</ref> ke motshameki wa difilimi wa kwa Amerika. O itsege thata ka go tshameka [[Andre Lyon]] mo thelebišeneng ya mmino ya Fox, [[Empire]] (2015- 2020). Ka 2020, Byers o ne a kwala le go tshameka mo filiming ya hisitori ya [[The 24th]].. == Botshelo jwa pele == Trai Byers o belegwe kwa [[Kansas City, Kansas]].<ref name="KCStar">{{Cite web |last=Niccum |first=Jon |date=February 16, 2015 |title=KCK actor Trai Byers is building an 'Empire' of success |url=http://www.kansascity.com/entertainment/tv/article10477019.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217022916/http://www.kansascity.com/entertainment/tv/article10477019.html |archive-date=February 17, 2015 |access-date=February 23, 2015 |website=[[The Kansas City Star]] |publisher=[[The McClatchy Company]] |quote=Byers was born in 1983 in Kansas City, Kan.}}</ref> Morago ga ngwaga a le kwa sekolong se segolwane kwa Kansas City, o ne a fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe tsa sekolo se segolwane kwa Georgia. Byers o ne a aloga kwa [[Andrew College]] ka set setankana sa bodiragatsi . Morago ga moo o ne a bona dikirii ya tsa di tlhaeletsano kwa [[University of Kansas]]. Byers o ne a ya kwa sekolong sa bodiragatsi le kopelo kwa Los Angeles, le kwa Yale School of Drama, koo a neng a bona Masters. == Tiro ya gagwe == Byers o ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo thelebisheneng ka 2009 mo filiming e e tshosang ya metlae, [[Caesar and Otto's Summer Camp Massacre]]. Ka 2011, Byers o ne a na le seabe se se tlhagelelang mo thelebisheneng ya ABC ya motshegare, [[All My Children]], mme ngwaga o o latelang o ne a na le seabe mo The CW teen soap, [[90210]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ex-All My Children's Trai Byers On 90210. - All My Children News - Soaps.com |url=http://soaps.sheknows.com/allmychildren/news/id/26661/Ex-All_My_Childrens_Trai_Byers_On_90210/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115201606/http://soaps.sheknows.com/allmychildren/news/id/26661/Ex-All_My_Childrens_Trai_Byers_On_90210/ |archive-date=January 15, 2015 |access-date=January 9, 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> O ne a tshameka mo difiliming tse pedi tse di neng di tsamaisiwa ke [[Kevin Willmott]]: Destination Planet Negro (2013) le [[Jayhawkers]] (2014).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trai Byers - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/trai_byers |website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> In 2014, he played civil rights activist James Forman in the historical epic film, ''Selma'' directed by [[Ava DuVernay]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trai Byers Joins the Cast of 'Selma' |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/trai-byers-joins-the-cast-of-selma-1201183949/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714131739/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/trai-byers-joins-the-cast-of-selma-1201183949/ |archive-date=July 14, 2014 |access-date=January 9, 2015 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2015 go fitlha ka 2020, Byers o ne a tshameka karolo ya [[Andre Lyon]] mo seraleng sa mmino sa Fox, [[Empire]]. .<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Deadline Team |date=10 March 2014 |title=Gabourey Sidibe Joins Fox Drama Pilot 'Empire' - Deadline |url=https://deadline.com/2014/03/gabourey-sidibe-joins-fox-drama-pilot-empire-andrew-lees-in-tbs-your-family-or-mine-696557/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211204107/https://deadline.com/2014/03/gabourey-sidibe-joins-fox-drama-pilot-empire-andrew-lees-in-tbs-your-family-or-mine-696557/ |archive-date=11 February 2021 |access-date=January 9, 2015 |website=Deadline}}</ref> Ka ntlha ya karolo e, o ne a amogela dietsele tse pedi tsa [[NAACP]] . Ka ngwaga wa 2020, o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo le go kwala filimi ya [[The 24th]]. Filimi e amogetse dikakgelo tse di siameng go tswa go batshwayadiphoso.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 21, 2020 |title=The 24th - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_24th |website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2022, Byers o ne a simolola go tshameka kwa Broadway mo motshamekong The Piano Lesson ya ga [[August Wilson]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Greg |date=April 26, 2022 |title=Broadway's 'The Piano Lesson' Adds Trai Byers, Ray Fisher, April Matthis & Michael Potts To Cast |url=https://deadline.com/2022/04/piano-lesson-broadway-trai-byers-ray-fisher-april-matthis-michael-potts-cast-1235009919/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2022 |title=Trai Byers on Making His Broadway Debut in The Piano Lesson &#124; Broadway Direct |url=https://broadwaydirect.com/trai-byers-on-making-his-broadway-debut-in-the-piano-lesson/}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2023 o ne a nna moeng mo motseletseleng wa metlae wa Grace Byers, [[Harlem]] mo setlheng sa bobedi sa lenaneo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Karla |title=Grace Byers Talks Quinn's Transformational Arc in 'Harlem' Season 2 |url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/karla-rodriguez/grac-byers-quinn-harlem-season-2-interview |website=Complex}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Ka nako ya October 7, 2015, episode of the daytime talk show, [[FABLife]], Byers's co-star [[Grace Gealey]] o ne a tlhomamisa gore ba ne ba beeleditswe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corinthios |first=Aurelie |date=October 7, 2015 |title=It's Official! Grace Gealey Shows Off Engagement Ring from Empire Costar Trai Byers |url=http://www.people.com/article/grace-gealey-confirms-engagement-empire-costar-trai-byers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629172110/http://www.people.com/article/grace-gealey-confirms-engagement-empire-costar-trai-byers |archive-date=June 29, 2016 |access-date=October 7, 2015 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]] |publisher=[[Time Inc.]]}}</ref> Ene le Gealey ba ne ba nyalana kwa Grand Cayman Island ka April 14, 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 16, 2016 |title=Empire Stars Trai Byers and Grace Gealey Have Secret Island Wedding |url=https://www.tmz.com/2016/04/16/empire-wedding-trai-byers-grace-gealey/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417194513/http://www.tmz.com/2016/04/16/empire-wedding-trai-byers-grace-gealey/ |archive-date=April 17, 2016 |access-date=April 16, 2016 |publisher=[[TMZ.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 16, 2016 |title=Empire Stars Trai Byers and Grace Gealey Get Married in Caribbean Beach Wedding |url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/empires-trai-byers-grace-gealey-get-married-in-caribbean-w203049 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728215351/https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/empires-trai-byers-grace-gealey-get-married-in-caribbean-w203049/ |archive-date=July 28, 2020 |access-date=April 16, 2016 |website=[[Us Weekly]]}}</ref> Ka letsatsi la bone la lenyalo ka 2023, Gealey one a belega ngwana wa bone.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fluker |first=Dominique |date=April 17, 2023 |title=Grace And Trai Byers Announce The Arrival Of Their First Child On Their Wedding Anniversary |url=https://www.essence.com/lifestyle/parenting/grace-and-trai-byers-first-child/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Essence}}</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] o7gddj1ciw4inv631fq0ken90lszrbm 56090 56089 2026-10-01T09:59:54Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56090 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Trai Byers.jpg|thumb]] '''Trai Byers''' (O belegwe ka Phukwi 19, 1983)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathew |first=Ilin |date=July 18, 2015 |title=Trai Byers Turns 32: Interesting Facts and Photos of Andre Lyon from 'Empire' |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/trai-byers-turns-32-interesting-facts-photos-andre-lyon-empire-639726 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305082000/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/trai-byers-turns-32-interesting-facts-photos-andre-lyon-empire-639726 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |access-date=July 28, 2015 |website=[[International Business Times]] |publisher=[[IBT Media]]}}</ref> ke motshameki wa difilimi wa kwa Amerika. O itsege thata ka go tshameka [[Andre Lyon]] mo thelebišeneng ya mmino ya Fox, [[Empire]] (2015- 2020). Ka 2020, Byers o ne a kwala le go tshameka mo filiming ya hisitori ya [[The 24th]].. == Botshelo jwa pele == Trai Byers o belegwe kwa [[Kansas City, Kansas]].<ref name="KCStar">{{Cite web |last=Niccum |first=Jon |date=February 16, 2015 |title=KCK actor Trai Byers is building an 'Empire' of success |url=http://www.kansascity.com/entertainment/tv/article10477019.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217022916/http://www.kansascity.com/entertainment/tv/article10477019.html |archive-date=February 17, 2015 |access-date=February 23, 2015 |website=[[The Kansas City Star]] |publisher=[[The McClatchy Company]] |quote=Byers was born in 1983 in Kansas City, Kan.}}</ref> Morago ga ngwaga a le kwa sekolong se segolwane kwa Kansas City, o ne a fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe tsa sekolo se segolwane kwa Georgia. Byers o ne a aloga kwa [[Andrew College]] ka set setankana sa bodiragatsi . Morago ga moo o ne a bona dikirii ya tsa di tlhaeletsano kwa [[University of Kansas]]. Byers o ne a ya kwa sekolong sa bodiragatsi le kopelo kwa Los Angeles, le kwa Yale School of Drama, koo a neng a bona Masters. == Tiro ya gagwe == Byers o ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo thelebisheneng ka 2009 mo filiming e e tshosang ya metlae, [[Caesar and Otto's Summer Camp Massacre]]. Ka 2011, Byers o ne a na le seabe se se tlhagelelang mo thelebisheneng ya ABC ya motshegare, [[All My Children]], mme ngwaga o o latelang o ne a na le seabe mo The CW teen soap, [[90210]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ex-All My Children's Trai Byers On 90210. - All My Children News - Soaps.com |url=http://soaps.sheknows.com/allmychildren/news/id/26661/Ex-All_My_Childrens_Trai_Byers_On_90210/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115201606/http://soaps.sheknows.com/allmychildren/news/id/26661/Ex-All_My_Childrens_Trai_Byers_On_90210/ |archive-date=January 15, 2015 |access-date=January 9, 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> O ne a tshameka mo difiliming tse pedi tse di neng di tsamaisiwa ke [[Kevin Willmott]]: Destination Planet Negro (2013) le [[Jayhawkers]] (2014).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trai Byers - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/trai_byers |website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> In 2014, he played civil rights activist James Forman in the historical epic film, ''Selma'' directed by [[Ava DuVernay]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trai Byers Joins the Cast of 'Selma' |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/trai-byers-joins-the-cast-of-selma-1201183949/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714131739/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/trai-byers-joins-the-cast-of-selma-1201183949/ |archive-date=July 14, 2014 |access-date=January 9, 2015 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2015 go fitlha ka 2020, Byers o ne a tshameka karolo ya [[Andre Lyon]] mo seraleng sa mmino sa Fox, [[Empire]]. .<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Deadline Team |date=10 March 2014 |title=Gabourey Sidibe Joins Fox Drama Pilot 'Empire' - Deadline |url=https://deadline.com/2014/03/gabourey-sidibe-joins-fox-drama-pilot-empire-andrew-lees-in-tbs-your-family-or-mine-696557/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211204107/https://deadline.com/2014/03/gabourey-sidibe-joins-fox-drama-pilot-empire-andrew-lees-in-tbs-your-family-or-mine-696557/ |archive-date=11 February 2021 |access-date=January 9, 2015 |website=Deadline}}</ref> Ka ntlha ya karolo e, o ne a amogela dietsele tse pedi tsa [[NAACP]] . Ka ngwaga wa 2020, o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo le go kwala filimi ya [[The 24th]]. Filimi e amogetse dikakgelo tse di siameng go tswa go batshwayadiphoso.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 21, 2020 |title=The 24th - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_24th |website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2022, Byers o ne a simolola go tshameka kwa Broadway mo motshamekong The Piano Lesson ya ga [[August Wilson]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Greg |date=April 26, 2022 |title=Broadway's 'The Piano Lesson' Adds Trai Byers, Ray Fisher, April Matthis & Michael Potts To Cast |url=https://deadline.com/2022/04/piano-lesson-broadway-trai-byers-ray-fisher-april-matthis-michael-potts-cast-1235009919/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2022 |title=Trai Byers on Making His Broadway Debut in The Piano Lesson &#124; Broadway Direct |url=https://broadwaydirect.com/trai-byers-on-making-his-broadway-debut-in-the-piano-lesson/}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2023 o ne a nna moeng mo motseletseleng wa metlae wa Grace Byers, [[Harlem]] mo setlheng sa bobedi sa lenaneo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Karla |title=Grace Byers Talks Quinn's Transformational Arc in 'Harlem' Season 2 |url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/karla-rodriguez/grac-byers-quinn-harlem-season-2-interview |website=Complex}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Ka nako ya October 7, 2015, episode of the daytime talk show, [[FABLife]], Byers's co-star [[Grace Gealey]] o ne a tlhomamisa gore ba ne ba beeleditswe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corinthios |first=Aurelie |date=October 7, 2015 |title=It's Official! Grace Gealey Shows Off Engagement Ring from Empire Costar Trai Byers |url=http://www.people.com/article/grace-gealey-confirms-engagement-empire-costar-trai-byers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629172110/http://www.people.com/article/grace-gealey-confirms-engagement-empire-costar-trai-byers |archive-date=June 29, 2016 |access-date=October 7, 2015 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]] |publisher=[[Time Inc.]]}}</ref> Ene le Gealey ba ne ba nyalana kwa Grand Cayman Island ka April 14, 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 16, 2016 |title=Empire Stars Trai Byers and Grace Gealey Have Secret Island Wedding |url=https://www.tmz.com/2016/04/16/empire-wedding-trai-byers-grace-gealey/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417194513/http://www.tmz.com/2016/04/16/empire-wedding-trai-byers-grace-gealey/ |archive-date=April 17, 2016 |access-date=April 16, 2016 |publisher=[[TMZ.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 16, 2016 |title=Empire Stars Trai Byers and Grace Gealey Get Married in Caribbean Beach Wedding |url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/empires-trai-byers-grace-gealey-get-married-in-caribbean-w203049 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728215351/https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/empires-trai-byers-grace-gealey-get-married-in-caribbean-w203049/ |archive-date=July 28, 2020 |access-date=April 16, 2016 |website=[[Us Weekly]]}}</ref> Ka letsatsi la bone la lenyalo ka 2023, Gealey one a belega ngwana wa bone.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fluker |first=Dominique |date=April 17, 2023 |title=Grace And Trai Byers Announce The Arrival Of Their First Child On Their Wedding Anniversary |url=https://www.essence.com/lifestyle/parenting/grace-and-trai-byers-first-child/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Essence}}</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] qczkvrrospuvo6ex0s2vzkdp4fkfns0 0 15441 56091 2026-10-01T11:10:18Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366489219|Ta'Rhonda Jones]]" 56091 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ta'Rhonda Jones''' (o tshotswe ka Phukwi 12, 1988) ke motshameki le moopedi wa mo Amerika yo o itsegeng thata ka seabe sa gagwe jaaka '''Porsha Taylor''' mo motsweding wa [[FOX]] mo motseletsele wa [[Empire]] mme o ne a tlhatlosediwa go nna motshameki yo mogolo mo setlheng sa bobedi. Jones o tshameka e le mothusi wa ga [[Taraji P. Henson]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Turchiano |first=Danielle |date=February 28, 2015 |title='Empire's' Ta'Rhonda Jones: Porsha Is Not as "Green" as Everybody Thinks |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/empire-tarhonda-jones-porsha-interview-773280 |access-date=August 3, 2015 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Jones kwa tshimologong o ne a leka go tshameka karolo ya ga Tiana Brown, ye e tshamekwang ke [[Serayah McNeill]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kercher |first=Sophia |date=March 18, 2015 |title=Empire's Ta'Rhonda Jones on Her Breakout Role, Improv-ing on Set, and Why She's was in love with Cookie So Much Like Porsha |url=http://www.vulture.com/2015/03/empires-tarhonda-jones-i-am-porsha.html |access-date=July 29, 2015 |website=[[Vulture.com]]}}</ref> Pele a fiwa seabe mo Empire, o ne a bereka kwa legaeng la batsofe kwa South Side Chicago.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2016 |title=Empire's Ta'Rhonda Jones on How the Show Has Changed Her Life: "I Can See the Skyscrapers Now" |url=http://www.glamour.com/story/empires-tarhonda-jones-on-how}}</ref> Gape o ne a na le seabe mo karolong ya [[Chicago P.D.]] e e nang le setlhogo se se reng "Get Back to Even" ka 2015. Ka 2016, o ne a tshameka karolo ya Kgaitsadi mo filiming e khutshwane The Tale of Four e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke [[Gabourey Sidibe]]. Ka 2017, Jones o ne a tshameka karolo ya Meg mo filiming ya Hallmark The Perfect Christmas Present.. Ka 2020, Jones o ne a tshameka karolo ya Shanara Mobley mo filiming ya Lifetime, "Stolen By My Mother: The Kamiyah Mobley Story" == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] cg4bb2ierfwscoh54cq0e0g2i035xx1 56092 56091 2026-10-01T11:13:37Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56092 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Ta'Rhonda Jones 2019 by Glenn Francis.jpg|thumb]] '''Ta'Rhonda Jones''' (o tshotswe ka Phukwi 12, 1988) ke motshameki le moopedi wa mo Amerika yo o itsegeng thata ka seabe sa gagwe jaaka '''Porsha Taylor''' mo motsweding wa [[FOX]] mo motseletsele wa [[Empire]] mme o ne a tlhatlosediwa go nna motshameki yo mogolo mo setlheng sa bobedi. Jones o tshameka e le mothusi wa ga [[Taraji P. Henson]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Turchiano |first=Danielle |date=February 28, 2015 |title='Empire's' Ta'Rhonda Jones: Porsha Is Not as "Green" as Everybody Thinks |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/empire-tarhonda-jones-porsha-interview-773280 |access-date=August 3, 2015 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Jones kwa tshimologong o ne a leka go tshameka karolo ya ga Tiana Brown, ye e tshamekwang ke [[Serayah McNeill]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kercher |first=Sophia |date=March 18, 2015 |title=Empire's Ta'Rhonda Jones on Her Breakout Role, Improv-ing on Set, and Why She's was in love with Cookie So Much Like Porsha |url=http://www.vulture.com/2015/03/empires-tarhonda-jones-i-am-porsha.html |access-date=July 29, 2015 |website=[[Vulture.com]]}}</ref> Pele a fiwa seabe mo Empire, o ne a bereka kwa legaeng la batsofe kwa South Side Chicago.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2016 |title=Empire's Ta'Rhonda Jones on How the Show Has Changed Her Life: "I Can See the Skyscrapers Now" |url=http://www.glamour.com/story/empires-tarhonda-jones-on-how}}</ref> Gape o ne a na le seabe mo karolong ya [[Chicago P.D.]] e e nang le setlhogo se se reng "Get Back to Even" ka 2015.<ref>Gomez, Luis (March 8, 2015). [http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/celebrity/chi-empire-tarhonda-jones-chicago-pd-20150308-column.html "'Empire' actress Ta'Rhonda Jones to appear on 'Chicago P.D.'"]. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 3, 2015.</ref> Ka 2016, o ne a tshameka karolo ya Kgaitsadi mo filiming e khutshwane The Tale of Four e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke [[Gabourey Sidibe]]. Ka 2017, Jones o ne a tshameka karolo ya Meg mo filiming ya Hallmark The Perfect Christmas Present.. Ka 2020, Jones o ne a tshameka karolo ya Shanara Mobley mo filiming ya Lifetime, "Stolen By My Mother: The Kamiyah Mobley Story" == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] fh94vig4nhoxaydtq4e5ya9fey98t25