Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.22 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1020 56150 55317 2026-10-02T11:51:53Z ~2026-49212-13 13236 56150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Botswana | common_name = Botswana | native_name = Lefatshe ja Botswana ([[Setswana]])<br/>Republic of Botswana ([[Sekgoa]]) | image_flag = Flag of Botswana.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Botswana.svg | national_motto = {{native phrase|tn|Pula|paren=no}}<br /> | national_anthem = {{native phrase|tn|[[Fatshe leno la rona]]|paren=no}}<br />{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Fatshe leno la rona.ogg]]}} | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File: Botswana (centered orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Location Botswana AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Africa|default=1}} | map_caption = | capital = [[Gaborone]] | coordinates = {{Coord|24|39.5|S|25|54.5|E|type:city|display=inline}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Sekgoa]]<ref name="gov.bw languages">{{Cite web |title=About Our Country |url=https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=Gov.bw |quote=Botswana has a number of tribes across the country, collectively known as Batswana. The official language is English and Setswana is the national language, although there are other spoken languages.}}</ref> | languages_type = Diteme Bosetšhaba | languages = [[Setswana]]<ref name="gov.bw languages" /> | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list|79% [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] |9% [[Batho ba letso la Kalanga|Kalanga]] |3% [[Basarwa|Barwa]] |9% Ba bangwe {{small|(go akaretsa [[Kgalagadi language|Bakgalagadi]], [[Indians in Botswana|Makula]], le [[White people in Botswana|Makgoa]])}}}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2012 | religion = {{Unbulleted list|73% [[Christianity in Botswana|Sekerêsete]] |—66% [[Protestantism]] |—7% Other [[Christian]] |20% [[Irreligion in Botswana|Basenatumelo]] |6% [[African traditional religion|Traditional faiths]] |1% Tsê dingwe{{efn|Including [[Baháʼí Faith in Botswana|Baháʼí]], [[Hinduism in Botswana|Hindu]], and [[Islam in Botswana|Seinêêdi]].<ref name=pew/>}}}} | demonym = {{Unbulleted list|Batswana |Motswana }} | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[List of countries by system of government#Parliamentary republics with an executive presidency|parliamentary republic with an executive presidency]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Africa :: Botswana – The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ |website=www.cia.gov |access-date=17 December 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Selolwane |first1=Onalenna |title=Monopoly Politikos: How Botswana's Opposition Parties Have Helped Sustain One-Party Dominance |journal=African Sociological Review |date=2002 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=68–90 |doi=10.4314/asr.v6i1.23203 |jstor=24487673 |doi-access=free }}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[Tautona wa Botswana|Tautona]] | leader_name1 = [[Duma Boko]] | leader_title2 = [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|Mothusa Tautona]] | leader_name2 = [[Ndaba Gaolathe]] | leader_title3 = [[Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ya Botswana|Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente]] | leader_name3 = [[Dithapelo Keorapetse]] | legislature = [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Khudutlhamaga]] | sovereignty_type = Boipuso | sovereignty_note = go tswa [[Bogosi jo bo Kopaneng]] | established_event1 = Established ([[Molaomotheo wa Botswana|Molaomotheo]]) | established_date1 = 30 Lwêtse 1966 | area_km2 = 581,730 | area_rank = 47th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 224,610 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | area_footnote = <ref>{{cite report|url = http://www.fao.org/3/a-az171e.pdf | publisher = United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization | website = fao.org | title = Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 – Country Report – Botswana | page = 9 | date = 2015 | quote = Total Country Area ('000)ha / 58 173 }}</ref><!-- 58,173,000 hectares is 581,730 km2 --> | percent_water = 2.7 | population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Botswana}}{{UN_Population|ref}} | population_census = 2,346,179<ref>{{Cite web |last=Statistics Botswana |date=May 2022 |title=2022 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS PRELIMINARY RESULTS V2 |url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/census_documents/2022%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Preliminary%20Results.pdf |access-date=2 July 2022 |website=Statistics Botswana}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_estimate_rank = 145th | population_census_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 4.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 10.62 | population_density_rank = 231st | GDP_PPP = $43.474 billion<ref name="imf2021gdp">{{cite web |title=IMF Country Specific Data |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2021/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=67&pr1.y=3&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |access-date=10 August 2019}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = 120 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,287<ref name=imf2021gdp/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 99 | GDP_nominal = $16.948 billion<ref name=imf2021gdp/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = 120 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,519<ref name="imf2019gdp">{{cite web |title=IMF Country Specific Data |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=67&pr1.y=3&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |access-date=10 August 2019}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 101 | Gini = 53.3 | Gini_year = 2015 | Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="WBgini">{{cite web |url= https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |title= GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher= World Bank |access-date= 20 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171213083923/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |archive-date= 13 December 2017 |url-status= live}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.735<!--number only, between 0 and 1--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 100th | currency = [[Botswana pula|Pula]] | currency_code = BWP | time_zone = [[Central Africa Time]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399|last=Chapter: 01:04|title=Interpretation Act 1984 (§40(1))|date=20 July 1984|access-date=11 September 2020|archive-date=28 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328201053/http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399|url-status=dead}}</ref> | utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | date_format = yyyy-mm-dd<br />dd/mm/yyyy^a | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+267]] | cctld = [[.bw]] | official_website = [http://www.gov.bw/ http://www.gov.bw/] | footnote_a = }} '''Botswana''', [ c ] semmuso '''Rephaboliki ya Botswana''', [ d ] ke naga e e sensing lewatle mo Aforika Kwa Borwa. Botswana e sephaphathi ka popego ya lefatshe, e nale Mo e ka nnang 70% ka karolo ya yone e le karolo ya [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]] . E dikologolwe ke [[Aforika Borwa]] kwa borwa le kwa borwabotlhaba, [[Namibia]] kwa bophirima le kwa bokone, [[Zambia]] kwa bokone, le [[Zimbabwe]] kwa bokonebotlhaba. Palogotlhe jwa yone jotlhe ke {{Convert|581730|km2|sqmi}} . Gaborone, mo [[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Borwa-Botlhaba]], ke motsemogolo wa lefatshe leno e bile ke toropo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe. [[Karolo:Botswana]] [[Karolo:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]] 9iivemjfg6cbislerkeiedw094m98dg 0 3119 56108 55798 2026-10-02T04:24:30Z Ngwanana 12523 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358356590|Botswana cuisine]]" 56108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dijo tsa Botswana''' di ikgethile fela di na le dipharologantsho dingwe le dijo tse dingwe tsa Borwa jwa Aforika . Dikai tsa dijo [[Setswana|tsa Setswana]] di akaretsa ''[[Ugali|bogobe]]'', ''[[Setampa|sampo]]'', ''[[Vetkoke|magwinya]]'', ''[[Bogobe jwa lerotse|bogobe]]'' le [[Phane|masonja]]. Dijo tse di kgethegileng mo [[Botswana]] ke ''[[Nama ya Seswaa|seswaa]]'', nama e e thugilweng ka letswai. Go dumelwa fa magapu e le tlholego mo mo Botswana. [ 1 ] Dijo tse dingwe di akaretsa ''morogo wa dinawa'', ''madila'' le ''[[dikgobe]]'' . Mebaraka ya Botswana e tletse ka mefuta e le mentsi ya dijo. <ref name="official">{{Cite web |title=BW Lifestyles |url=http://www.botsofficialbw.org/lifestyles/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=BotsOfficial BW}}</ref> Tse dingwe di jalwa mono gae ka go dirisa nosetso mme tse dingwe di rekwa gotswa kwa dinageng tse di gaufinyana. Nama ya maemo a kwa godimo,ka bontsi e ruiwa teng mo nageng ya Botswana. Dinama tsa nku, tsa nku, tsa koko le tse dingwe le tsone di [[Nama|dintsi]] . Go ratiwa nama ya kgomo thata, e latelwa ke nama ya podi. Tlhapi tsa noka le tsone ke karolo ya dijo tsa Botswana. <ref name="official" /> pgig6d7wlagrvrmjzssdgep4u3k4c0f 0 3157 56093 42648 2026-10-01T16:27:00Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Ke ranotse infobox 56093 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barolong Seboni''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1957)<ref name=":0">[http://bseboni.blogspot.co.uk/ "Barolong Seboni"]. ''bseboni.blogspot.co.uk''. Retrieved 21 November 2017</ref> mme ebile ke mmoki le moithuti wa [[Botswana|Botswana]]. {{Infobox person|name=Barolong Seboni|nationality=[[Botswana]]|occupation=Mmoki<br>Mokwadi|birth_name=Barolong Seboni}} == Bayokerafi == O tsholetswe mo [[Kanye|Kanye,]]<ref name=":0" />Botswana One a amogela tlotla ya BA ya go tswa mo Sekolong se Segolwane sa [[:en:University_of_Botswana|Yunibesithi Ya Botswana]] le setlankana sa gagwe sa Maemo a ntlha sa Masetase(masters) gotswa mo sekolong sa [[:en:University_of_Wisconsin–Madison|Mmadikolo sa Wisconsin–Madison]]. O ranoletse diane tsa setswana go ya kwa puong ya sekgoa. O ne gape le tsebe mo pampiring ya dikgang ya [[:en:Botswana_Guardian|The Guardian]] mme o berekile gape mo seromamoweng. Barolong ke motlhami wa leloko la Botswana Writers Association(WABO).<ref>africaindialogue (30 September 2016). [https://africaindialogue.com/2016/09/30/the-history-and-future-of-literature-in-botswana-a-dialogue-with-barolong-seboni/ "The History and Future of Literature in Botswana: A Dialogue with Barolong Seboni".] ''Africa in Dialogue''. Retrieved 29 May 2022</ref> Barolong o ne a kwala le go ranola Dikwalo tsa Radio tsa Makgabaneng; soap opera e e theilweng mo radiong e e neng e ikaeletse go rotloetsa thobalano e e babalesegileng le matshelo a a itekanetseng mo Botswana ka go tshwantsha dikgang tsa botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi. ==Dibuka tse a di gatlisetseng== * Seboni, B. (1986). ''Images of the Sun''. African Studies Program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. [[:en:University_of_Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin]], African Studies Program, 1986 * ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Screams_and_Pleas&action=edit&redlink=1 Screams and Pleas]'', ed. Seboni, Mmegi Publishing House, 1992 <ref name=":0" /> * ''Lovesongs'', Morula Publishers, 1994 * ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Windsongs_of_the_Kgalagdi&action=edit&redlink=1 Windsongs of the Kgalagadi]'', Macmillan, 1995 * ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswana_Cultural_Directory&action=edit&redlink=1 Botswana Cultural Directory]'', Morula Publishers, 1995 * ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswana_Poetry_Anthology&action=edit&redlink=1 Botswana Poetry Anthology]'', ed. Seboni, and Biakolo, Morula Publishers, 2002 * ''Lighting the Fire – [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Literature_Anthology&action=edit&redlink=1 Literature Anthology] for Secondary Schools'', [[:en:Macmillan_Botswana|Macmillan Botswana]], 2003 ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051201031159/http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/images/pa/PA2004/poets/seboni.htm A profile from a poetry festival] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130503214015/http://www.uiowa.edu/~iwp/EVEN/documents/SeboniWhyIWrite.pdf Article by him explaining why he writes] ==Metswedi== [http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=284%3Abarolong-seboni-botswana&catid=31&Itemid=45 Barolong Seboni] [[Karolo:Botswana]] sbs4ddw8smf86pty8auqcnzt43b22ac 0 3513 56100 55202 2026-10-01T20:40:58Z Ngwanana 12523 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375204410|Vegetable]]" 56100 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Merogo''' ke dikarolo dingwe tse di jewang tsa dimela tse di jewang ke batho kgotsa diphologolo tse dingwe jaaka [[dijo]] . Bokao jo jwa tshimologo bo sa ntse bo dirisiwa thata le gompieno, mme bo dirisiwa mo dimeleng mmogo go kaya dimela tsotlhe tse di jewang, mme di akaretsa malomo, maungo, dikutu, matlhare, medi, le dipeo . Tlhaloso e nngwe e dirisiwa ka tsela e e sa tlhomamang, gantsi ke ngwao ya go apaya le ya setso; mme e ka akaretsa maungo a a monate a a farologaneng a a tshwanang le ditamati le sekwaše, malomo a a tshwanang le borokholi a mmala o mo tala, le dipeo tse di jaaka di-pulse, mme ga e akaretse dijo tse di tswang mo dimeleng tse dingwe tse e leng maungo, malomo, manoko, le ditlhaka tsa ditlhaka . Kwa tshimologong, merogo e ne e kokoanngwa go tswa kwa nageng ke batsomi-baphuthi mme ya tsena mo temong mo dikarolong di le mmalwa tsa lefatshe, gongwe ka nako ya 10 000 BC go ya go 7 000&nbsp;BC, fa go ne go nna le tsela e ntšha ya botshelo ya temothuo . Kwa tshimologong ya seno, dijalo tse di neng di tlhoga mo lefelong leo di ne di jalwa, mme fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, kgwebo e ne ya tlisa dijalo tse di tlwaelegileng le tse di sa tlwaelegang go tswa kwa mafelong a mangwe go tlaleletsa mo mefuteng ya selegae. Mo malatsing ano a segompieno , bontsi jwa merogo eno bo jalwa mo lefatsheng ka bophara jaaka tlelaemete e ba letlelela, mme dijalo di ka jalwa mo ditikologong tse di sireleditsweng mo mafelong a a sa tshwanelang thata. Naga ya China ke motlhagisi yo mogolo wa go jala merogo, mme kgwebisano ya lefatshe ka bophara ya dikumo tsa temothuo e letla bareki go reka merogo e e jetsweng kwa dinageng tse di kgakala le bone. Selekanyo sa tlhagiso se farologane go tswa mo ba ba lemang ba ba iphedisang ba ba tlamelang ka ditlhokego tsa malapa a bona tsa dijo, go ya kwa dikgwebong tsa temothuo tse di nang le diheketara tse dikgolo tsa dijalo tsa setlhagiswa se le sengwe. Go ikaegile ka mofuta wa morogo o o amegang, go roba sejalo go latelwa ke go tlhaola, go boloka, go dira le go rekisa sejalo seo. kge9kapokucly6kq85trrf6iyokz8k2 0 4428 56095 56008 2026-10-01T19:29:07Z Ngwanana 12523 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376890199|Apple]]" 56095 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Apole''' ke leungo le le tshekeletsa, le le jewang la setlhare sa apole ( ''Malus'' spp.). Ditlhare tsa maungo tsa '''tshingwana ya maungo''' kgotsa '''apole ya selegae''' ( '''''Malus domestica''''' ), e e jalwang thata mo mofuteng ono, di jalwa lefatshe ka bophara. Setlhare seno se simolotse kwa nageng ya Asia Bogare, kwa mogologolwane wa sone wa naga, ''Malus sieversii'', a sa ntseng a fitlhelwa gone. Diapole di ntse di jalwa dingwaga di le diketekete tse di fetileng kwa Eurasia pele ga di tsenngwa mo kontinenteng ya Amerika ke batswakwa ba Yuropa . Diapole di na le bokao jwa setso mo ditlhamaneng tse dintsi (go akaretsa le tsa Norse le tsa Segerika ) le mo ditumelong (tse di jaaka Bokeresete kwa Yuropa ). Diapole tse di jetsweng go tswa mo dipeong di na le go farologana thata le tsa batsadi ba tsona, mme leungo le le tlhagelelang gantsi ga le tlhoke dipharologantsho tse di elediwang. Mo maikaelelong a kgwebo, go akaretsa tshekatsheko ya dimela, mefuta e e farologaneng ya diapole e anamisiwa ka go tlhomela mo dikutung tsa medi . Ditlhare tsa diapole tse di neng di jetswe kwa ntle ga dikutu tsa medi di na le go nna dikgolo le go nna bonya thata go ungwa morago ga gore di jalwe. Dikutu tsa medi di dirisiwa go laola lebelo la kgolo le bogolo jwa setlhare se se tlhagisiwang sa diapole, go letla kotulo e e bonolo. Go na le mefuta e e fetang 7 500 ya diapole lefatshe ka bophara . Mefuta e e farologaneng e tsalelwa ditatso le tiriso e e farologaneng, go akaretsa go apaya, go ja tala, le tlhagiso ya cider kgotsa matute a apole . Ditlhare le maungo a mangwe di na le mathata a fungale, baketheria, le disenyi, atse di ka laolwang ka mekgwa e le mmalwa ya ditshedi le e e seng ya ditshedi. Ka 2010, jenome ya leungo e ne ya latelana jaaka karolo ya dipatlisiso ka ga taolo ya malwetse le tsadiso e e tlhophilweng mo tlhagisong eno ya diapole. ngjor0cl16v7nl0o6r3fiwlk44w4whi 0 4440 56110 56045 2026-10-02T04:52:04Z Ngwanana 12523 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376419536|Banana]]" 56110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Panana''' ke nngwe ya leungo le le telele le le jewang le le tlhagisiwang ke mefuta e le mmalwa ya dimela tse dikgolo tse di nang le malomo tse di tshwanang le <ref name="Morton-2013">{{Cite book |last=Morton |first=Julia F. |date=2013 |title=Fruits of warm climates |url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/banana.html#Other%20Uses |publisher=Echo Point Books & Media |isbn=978-1-62654-976-0 |pages=29–46 |chapter=Banana |oclc=861735500 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415160027/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/banana.html |archive-date=April 15, 2009 |url-status=live |via=www.hort.purdue.edu}}</ref> mofuta wa ''Musa'' . Mo dinageng tse dingwe, dipanana tsa go apaya di bidiwa dipolaintini, go di farologanya le '''dipanana tsa dijo tse di monate''' . Leungo le farologana ka bogolo, mmala le go tlhomama, fela gantsi le lelefaditswe le go kobega, ka nama e e boleta e e humileng ka setatšhe e e khurumeditsweng ka letlapi le le ka nnang le mebala e e farologaneng( e ka nna mmala o mo tala,o serolwane kgotsa o ntlhwa) fa le budule. E golela kwa godimo ka ditlhopha gaufi le bogodimo jwa sejalo. Mo e ka nnang dipanana tsotlhe tsa segompieno tse di jewang tse di senang peo ( parthenocarp ) di tswa mo mefuteng e mebedi ya naga – ''Musa acuminata'' le ''Musa balbisiana'', kgotsa metswako ya tsona . Mefuta ya ''Musa'' e tlholega kwa boboatsatsi jwa Indomalaya le Australia ; gongwe di ne di ruilwe kwa New Guinea . Di jalwa mo dinageng di le 135 fela, bogolosegolo ka ntlha ya maungo a tsona, le ka selekanyo se sennye go dira pampiri ya dipanana le matsela, fa tse dingwe di jalwa jaaka dimela tsa mekgabiso . Batlhagisi ba bagolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng ba dipanana ka 2022 e ne e le dinaga tse pedi tse di latelang e bong India le [[China]], tse mmogo di neng di dira bokana ka 26% ya ntshokuno yotlhe . Dipanana di jewa di le tala go tswa mo setlhareng sa teng kgotsa di apeilwe ka diresipi tse dintsi tse di farologaneng go tswa go dikhari go ya go ditšhipisi tsa dipanana, ditšhipisi, maungo a a bolokilweng, kgotsa di besitswe fela kgotsa di besitswe ka mouwane . 2hnkrsx3d7r3hagpaojtu8e8stmlphi 0 4463 56109 35504 2026-10-02T04:40:21Z Ngwanana 12523 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377819936|Food]]" 56109 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dijo''' ke sengwe le sengwe se se jewang ke sengwe se ses tshelang,e ka nna motho kgotsa phologolo go tshegetsa phepo ya tsona . Dijo gantsi di na le dimela, diphologolo, kgotsa difankase mme di na le dikotla tse di botlhokwa jaaka dikhabohaetereite, mafura, diporoteine, dibitamini, kgotsa diminerale . Selo seno se tsenngwa ke setshedi mme se tsenngwa ke disele tsa setshedi go tlamela mmele ka maatla, go boloka botshelo, go rotloetsa ditlhokego tsa mmele le go tshegetsa kgolo. Mefuta e e farologaneng ya diphologolo e na le maitsholo a a farologaneng a go fepa a a kgotsofatsang ditlhokego tsa di-methabolisimi tsa tsona mme di fetogile go tlatsa mafelo a a rileng a ikholoji mo teng ga maemo a a rileng a thutafatshe. Batho ba ba jang sengwe le sengwe ba kgona go tlwaetsa mmele wa bona maemo a a kwa godimo mme ba tlwaetse go bona dijo mo dithulaganyong tse dintsi tse di farologaneng tsa tikologo e ba leng mo go yona. Batho ka kakaretso ba dirisa go apaya,go apaya dijo tse di tla jewang. Bontsi jwa maatla a dijo a a tlhokegang a tlamelwa ke intaseteri ya dijo tsa madirelo, e e tlhagisang dijo ka temothuo e e tseneletseng le go di anamisa ka go dira dijo tse di raraaneng le dithulaganyo tsa kabo ya dijo . Thulaganyo e ya temothuo ya tlwaelo e ikaegile thata ka ditukisi tsa masaledi a dilo tse di epolotsweng, se se rayang gore dijo le dithulaganyo tsa temothuo ke dingwe tsa [[Go ntshiwa ga digase tse di bakang go gotela ga lefatshe go tswa mo temothuong|tse di nang le seabe se segolo mo phetogong ya tlelaemete]], mme di dira 37% ya mesi yotlhe ya digase tsa sethopo . <ref>{{Cite book |last=SAPEA |year=2020 |title=A sustainable food system for the European Union |url=https://www.sapea.info/wp-content/uploads/sustainable-food-system-report.pdf |publisher=Science Advice for Policy by European Academies |isbn=978-3-9820301-7-3 |location=Berlin |page=39 |doi=10.26356/sustainablefood |access-date=14 April 2020 |doi-broken-date=8 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418105107/https://www.sapea.info/wp-content/uploads/sustainable-food-system-report.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2020 |doi-access=free}}</ref> 7vl9kby862arm8cbi9qn44g9zldqvyc 0 10225 56104 47208 2026-10-02T02:54:24Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56104 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Orla Patricia Prendergast''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Seetebosigo a rogwa ka 2002) ke motshameki wa kirikete wa kwa Ireland yo o tshamekelang [[Dragons]] le Ireland.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1150585.html "Orla Prendergast"]. ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220313040335/https://www.cricketireland.ie/news/article/bigger-and-better-than-ever-arachas-super-series-returns-to-three-team-form "'Bigger and better than ever' - Arachas Super Series returns to three team format in 2022"]. Cricket Ireland. 9 March 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> Ka Phatwe wa 2019, o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng sa [[Women's Twenty20 International]] (WT20I) sa Ireland sa kgaisano ya [[2019 Netherlands Women's Quadrangular Series]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190806094559/https://www.kncb.nl/en/news/women/ "Women's Squad Quadrangular T20I Tournament"]. ''Royal Dutch Cricket Association''. Retrieved 16 February 2024.</ref> O ne a tshamekela motshameko wa gagwe wa ntlha wa Ireland, kgatlhanong le Netherlands, ka Phatwe a ferabobedi ka 2019.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1190744.html "1st Match, Women's T20I Quadrangular Series (in Netherlands) at Deventer, Aug 8 2019"]. ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> Ka Phatwe wa 2019, o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng sa Ireland sa [[2019 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier]] kwa Scotland.<ref>[https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1319297 "Match official appointments and squads announced for ICC Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier 2019"]. ''International Cricket Council''. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> O ne gape a tshamekela Ireland ya basadi ba ba leng ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le 17 mo setlhopheng sa kgwele ya dinao ka 2018 le 2019,<ref>[https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/orla-prendergast/258018/ "Orla Prendergast - Soccer player profile & career statistics - Global Sports Archive"]. ''Global Sports Archive''. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> le mo maemong a setlhopha sa [[:en:Cabinteely_F.C.|Cabinteely F.C.]] O ne a tsena sekolo sa [[The High School]], Dublin.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250216162928/https://cricketireland.ie/players/player/orla-prendergast/ "Orla Prendergast"]. ''Cricket Ireland''. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> Ka Phukwi 2020, o ne a fiwa konteraka e e sa duelelweng ke [[Cricket Ireland]] mo ngwageng o o latelang.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29392494/cricket-ireland-award-new-set-women-contracts "Cricket Ireland award new set of women's contracts"]. ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> Ka Lwetse wa 2021, Prendergast o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng sa [[Women's One Day International]] (WODI) sa kwa Ireland go tshameka motshameko wa bone kgatlhanong le Zimbabwe,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220123011342/https://www.cricketireland.ie/news/article/ireland-womens-squad-for-tour-of-zimbabwe-announced "Ireland Women's squad for tour of Zimbabwe announced"]. ''Cricket Ireland''. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> e le motshameko wa ntlha wa WODI go tshamekiwa ke setlhopha sa Zimbabwe.<ref>[https://www.womenscriczone.com/zimbabwe-head-coach-adam-chifo-excited-ahead-of-teams-maiden-odi "Zimbabwe head coach Adam Chifo excited ahead of team's maiden ODI"]. ''Women's CricZone''. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> O ne a tshameka motshameko wa gagwe wa ntlha WODI ka Phalane a le gatlhano ka 2021, Ireland e tshameka kgatlhanong le Zimbabwe.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1281417.html "1st ODI, Harare, Oct 5 2021, Ireland Women tour of Zimbabwe"]. ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele wa 2021, o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng sa Ireland sa kgaisano ya [[2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier]] kwa Zimbabwe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211112100306/https://www.cricketireland.ie/news/article/ireland-squad-announced-for-womens-world-cup-qualifier-amendments-made-to-t "Ireland squad announced for Women's World Cup Qualifier; amendments made to tournament schedule"]. ''Cricket Ireland''. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> Ka Moranang wa 2023, go ne ga itsisiwe gore Prendergast o saenetse [[Western Storm]], go tshamekela setlhopha seo ka Motsheganong le Seetebosigo mo ngwageng oo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250216162925/https://westernstorm.co.uk/news/orla-joins-storm/ "Orla joins Storm"]. ''Western Storm''. 27 April 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> O ne a nosa 115 mo motshamekong wa gagwe wa ntlha, kgatlhanong le [[North West Thunder]] mo kgaisanong ya [[Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy]].<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/rachael-heyhoe-flint-trophy-2023-1347396/western-storm-vs-thunder-6th-match-1347408/match-report "Orla Prendergast century on debut propels Western Storm to victory over Thunder"]. ''ESPNcricinfo''. 29 April 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> O ne a tshameka metshameko e le lesome ka kakaretso mo setlhopheng seo, go akaretsa go dira metabogo e le 117 le go tsaya diwikete tse thataro mo [[Charlotte Edwards Cup]].<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/averages-batting-bowling-by-team/rachael-heyhoe-flint-trophy-2023-15157?team=6015 "Records in Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy, 2023/Western Storm Batting and Bowling Averages"]. ''ESPNcricinfo''. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/averages-batting-bowling-by-team/charlotte-edwards-cup-2023-15158?team=6015 "Records in Charlotte Edwards Cup, 2023/Western Storm Batting and Bowling Averages"]. ''ESPNcricinfo''. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> Ka Phatwe wa 2023 o ne a saena le [[Trinbago Knight Riders]] sa [[Women's Caribbean Premier League.]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240818214231/https://newsday.co.tt/2023/08/26/trinbago-knight-riders-orla-prendergast-ex-footballer-turns-to-cricket/ "Trinbago Knight Riders' Orla Prendergast – Ex-footballer turns to cricket"]. Trinidad and Tabago Newsday. 26 August 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> Ka Phatwe a le lesome le borataro ka 2024, Prendergast o ne a saena tumalano le setlhopha sa kwa Enyelane sa [[The Blaze]] mo nakong e e neng setse ya setlha.<ref>[https://www.trentbridge.co.uk/news/2024/august/prendergast-joins-for-50-over-run-in.html "PRENDERGAST JOINS FOR 50-OVER RUN-IN"]. Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240819212607/https://www.cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2024/articles/000009/000945.shtml "Prendergast joins Blaze"]. Cricket Europe. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> Mo go lone letsatsi leo o ne a dira lekgolo la gagwe la ntlha la WODI, a nosa 122 a sa tswa mo dikgweleng di le 107, go akaretsa le di le 10 4s le two 6s, kgatlhanong le Sri Lanka kwa [[Stormont]] kwa Belfast.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/articles/c80e7jjm57no "Prendergast stars as Ireland beat Sri Lanka in ODI"]. BBC Sport. 16 August 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ireland-vs-sri-lanka-women-2024-1430804/ireland-women-vs-sri-lanka-women-1st-odi-1430814/match-report "All-round Prendergast helps Ireland notch up their highest ODI chase"]. ESPNCricinfo. Retrieved 16 August 2025.</ref> Ka Lwetse, Prendergast o ne a tlhophiwa mo motshamekong wa makgaolakgang ke [[Adelaide Strikers]] wa [[2024 - 25 Women's Big Bash League|2024]] [[2024 - 25 Women's Big Bash League|- 25 Women's Big Bash League]].<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wbbl-draft-deandra-dottin-jemimah-rodrigues-deepti-sharma-sophie-ecclestone-knight-wolvaardt-ismail-top-picks-1449453 "WPL and WCPL mates Rodrigues, Jonassen and Pandey reunite for Brisbane Heat"]. ''ESPNcricinfo''. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa mo setlhopheng sa Ireland sa T20I le ODI go ya kwa Bangladesh ka Ngwanatsele wa 2024.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250120035145/https://www.cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2024/articles/000011/001164.shtml "Ireland name squad for Bangladesh series"]. Cricket Europe. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/young-ireland-squad-named-for-bangladesh-tour "Young Ireland squad named for Bangladesh tour"]. International Cricket Council. 6 November 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> Prendergast e ne e le mongwe wa batshameki ba le bane ba ba neng ba tlhophilwe go nna motshameki wa ngwaga wa 2024 wa ICC Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250104001534/https://www.cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2024/articles/000012/001227.shtml "Prendergast and Sargent shortlisted for ICC Awards"]. Cricket Europe. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/athapaththu-wolvaardt-kerr-prendergast-nominated-for-icc-womens-t20i-cricketer-of-the-year/articleshow/116769713.cms "Athapaththu, Wolvaardt, Kerr, Prendergast nominated for ICC Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year"]. ''The Times of India''. Times of India. 29 December 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2025.</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> == External links == * [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1150585.html Orla Prendergast] at [[:en:ESPNcricinfo|ESPNcricinfo]] * [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2094/2094911/2094911.html Orla Prendergast] at [[:en:CricketArchive|CricketArchive]] (subscription required) [[Karolo:Ba ba tshotsweng ka 2002]] [[Karolo:Ba ba tshelang]] ohf6tr48ubt10u6hvi9ymcdt35hcjm2 0 10844 56094 54767 2026-10-01T18:59:25Z Ngwanana 12523 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375160886|Sclerocarya birrea]]" 56094 wikitext text/x-wiki Setlhare se ke mofuta o o nang le kutu e le nngwe o o nang le serwalatlhogo se se sephara, se se anameng. E tlhaolwa ka lekwati la yone le le bosetlha le le nang le marontho mme e ka gola go fitlha go dimetara di le{{Convert|18|m}} ka boleele, bogolosegolo mo bogodimong jo bo kwa tlase le mo dikgweng tse di bulegileng. Go anama ga mofuta ono go ralala Aforika le Madagascar go latetse [[Batho ba Bantu|Bantu]] mo diphudugong tsa bona. Go na le bosupi bongwe jwa go ruiwa ga ditlhare tsa marula ke batho, ka ge ditlhare tse di fitlhelwa thata mo masimong a polase,di na le tlwaelo ya go nna le bogolo jo bogolo jwa maungo a a farologaneng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Leakey |first=Roger |last2=Shackleton |first2=Sheona |last3=Du Plessis |first3=Pierre |date=2005 |title=Domestication potential of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp caffra) in South Africa and Namibia: 1. Phenotypic variation in fruit traits |journal=Agroforestry Systems |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=25–35 |bibcode=2005AgrSy..64...25L |doi=10.1007/s10457-005-2419-z |s2cid=21601141}}</ref> Maungo a oblong kgotsa ovate, a ka nna {{Convert|3|–|4|cm}}, ka sewelo e fitlhelela {{Convert|5|cm}}, mme di butswe fa gare ga Tlhakole le Mopitlwe kgotsa moragonyana go sekae go fitlha ka Moranang; di na le letlalo le le serolwana se se botlhofo ( exocarp ), ka nama e tshweu ( mesocarp ) . [ 7 ] .Fa di sa butswa di na le mmala o mo tala e bile di wela fatshe,mme di fetola mmala di nne serolwane. [ 9 ] . Di na le matute le botlha ka tatso e e maatla le e e tlhaolang. [ 9 ] . Mo teng ga letlapa le le thata, le le nang le mabota a makima gantsi go na le dipeo di le 2 kgotsa di le 3, le fa go ka nna le dipeo di le 4, .  e le nngwe mo seleng nngwe le nngwe kgotsa mo phaposing nngwe le nngwe. Peo ya peo e a jewa. Dipeo di tswalelwa ka dipolaka. Go anamisa kgwebo, dipeo di ka kolobediwa kgotsa tsa alafiwa ka tsela nngwe go bofolola dipolaka ( opercula ) gore go tokafadiwe go mela. <ref name="plantuse">{{Cite web |date=15 May 2018 |title=''Sclerocarya birrea'' |url=https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Sclerocarya_birrea_(PROTA) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027063201/http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Sclerocarya_birrea_(PROTA) |archive-date=27 October 2018 |access-date=19 April 2019}}</ref> Ditlhare di dioecious, ka jalo ka tlwaelo ke ditlhare tse di namagadi fela tse di tla ungwang, fela tlhagiso ya hermaphroditic e begilwe. Ditlhare tse ditonanyana di ntsha malomo a mantsi a ditonanyana mo losikeng lo lo felelang . Tseno di na le di-sepal le diphetale tse dikhibidu ka mmala, le di-stamen di ka nna somepedi ka sethunya. Mo mabakeng a a latelanga a sa tlwaelegang sethunya se se tonanyana se ka ntsha gynoecium, se se fetola go nna sa bong jo bo farologaneng go tse dingwe . Dithunya tse di namagadi di nna dikgolo ka bongwe mo letlhareng la tsona le le nosi mme di na le di-staminode . <ref name="plantuse" /> 46fkezho3d1qyu2xzrc8rf423re0xyg 2 12813 56142 53804 2026-10-02T10:46:49Z Coolgirlvibes 12520 I added my new article 56142 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Coolgirlvibes [[Modirisi:Coolgirlvibes/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[Modirisi:Coolgirlvibes/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Mogalathekeng|Draft 3]] - [[THANODI YA TEMEPEDI|Draft 4]] auborrqggn23g6w1c2tyd3f6iqmrysh 56143 56142 2026-10-02T10:48:35Z Coolgirlvibes 12520 Ke dirile draft tse dingwe. 56143 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Coolgirlvibes [[Modirisi:Coolgirlvibes/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[Modirisi:Coolgirlvibes/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Mogalathekeng|Draft 3]] - [[THANODI YA TEMEPEDI|Draft 4]] Draft 5 - Draft 6 Draft 7 4069ni90cwbmfv5gzol8bexkjs1o33r 56145 56143 2026-10-02T11:15:01Z Coolgirlvibes 12520 Ke tsentse draft 5 56145 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Coolgirlvibes [[Modirisi:Coolgirlvibes/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[Modirisi:Coolgirlvibes/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Mogalathekeng|Draft 3]] - [[THANODI YA TEMEPEDI|Draft 4]] [[Lenovo|Draft 5]] - Draft 6 Draft 7 k7x0i0hdbbgwwhrz2nnzxj6fotl3nxr 56147 56145 2026-10-02T11:23:09Z Coolgirlvibes 12520 Ke tsentse draft 6 56147 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Coolgirlvibes [[Modirisi:Coolgirlvibes/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[Modirisi:Coolgirlvibes/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Mogalathekeng|Draft 3]] - [[THANODI YA TEMEPEDI|Draft 4]] [[Lenovo|Draft 5]] - [[South African National Lexicography Units|Draft 6]] Draft 7 mostdzah5llc4f6gx9gz9x36g0vhaq6 56149 56147 2026-10-02T11:49:05Z Coolgirlvibes 12520 Ke tsentse draft 7 ya article 56149 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la me ke Coolgirlvibes [[Modirisi:Coolgirlvibes/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[Modirisi:Coolgirlvibes/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Mogalathekeng|Draft 3]] - [[THANODI YA TEMEPEDI|Draft 4]] [[Lenovo|Draft 5]] - [[South African National Lexicography Units|Draft 6]] [[Matshego Lephallo|Draft 7]] rpmqrfqfc38trohiyhu0ocpb3fcs1gv 0 13362 56101 50244 2026-10-02T00:39:45Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56101 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Zomandao''' ke noka ya boleele jwa dikhilomethara dile makgolo a mabedi,masome a robabobedi le boraro mo dikgaolong tsa Haute Matsiatra le Ihorombe kwa bogare-borwa jwa [[Madagascar]]. E simologa kwa Andringitra Massif kwa Boby Peak,<ref>(in French) [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030215/http://www.madamax.com/index.php/en/zomandao.html Madamax.com]</ref> e leng setlhoa sa bobedi se se kwa godimo sa [[Madagascar|Madagascar,]] mme e elela go kgabaganya Zomandao Plain. Ke nngwe ya dinoka tse ditona tse di tsenang mo nokeng ya Mangoky. E na le diphororo dingwe, go akaretsa diphororo tsa Riandahy le Rianbavy. [[Setshwantsho:Mangoky Basin OSM.png|thumb|Noka ya Mangoky]] [[Setshwantsho:Route nationale 7 Zamondoa Bridge.jpg|thumb|Borogo jwa Zamondoa]] Noka e tona ya Zomandao ke [[Noka ya Ihosy.]] == Metswedi == ln3bv09gdb1ehsfyie9wvoyr4lvwv56 0 15108 56134 55024 2026-10-02T08:42:26Z VNGao 10152 56134 wikitext text/x-wiki   Moruti '''[[:en:Joseph_Albert_Booker|Joseph Albert Booker]]''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe a bo a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borataro (1859–1926), e ne e le [[mokwala dikgang]] mo dikurateng tsa Amerika, [[motsamaisi wa thuto]], [[morutabana]], [[:en:Minister_(Christianity)|moruti]], [[:en:Activism|molweladitshwanelo]], le moeteledipele wa [[Batho bantsho|sechaba sa batho Bantsho]] . O ne a tsholelwa mo [[Bokgoba|bokgobeng]] mme a nna khutsana a sa ntse a le monnye; Booker o ne a tswelela pele go nna Tautona wa sekolo sa [[:en:Arkansas_Baptist_College|Arkansas Baptist College]] le morulaganyi wa kuranta ya [[:en:Black_church#Baptists|Black Baptist]] ya lefatshe la Arkansas, le ya [[:en:The_Baptist_Vanguard|The Baptist Vanguard ''.'']] {{Infobox officeholder|name=Joseph Albert Booker|office=Tautona wa [[Arkansas Baptist College]]|image=Jo. A. Booker.png|term_start=1887|term_end=1926|birth_date=December 26, 1859|birth_place=Old Portland (now [[Ashley County, Arkansas|Ashley County]]), Arkansas|death_date=September 9, 1926|death_place=Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.|resting_place=[[Haven of Rest Cemetery]], Little Rock, Arkansas, US|spouse=Mary Jane Caver|children=8|education=[[Arkansas Agricultural, Mechanical, and Normal College]],<br/> [[Nashville Normal and Theological Institute]]|nickname=J.A. Booker,<br/> Jos. A. Booker}} == Botshelo jwa pele le lelwapa == Joseph Albert Booker o ne a tsholelwa mo bokgobeng ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ele masome a mabedi le borataro, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe ( 1859), kwa Portland wa Bogologolo kwa Kgaolong ya Ashley, kwa Arkansas (kwa botlhaba jwa [[Portland]] ya sesha, kwa Arkansas ). <ref name="Baker">{{Cite web |last=Baker |first=Russell P. |date=November 8, 2023 |title=Joseph Albert Booker (1859–1926) |url=https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/joseph-albert-booker-3068/ |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=[[Encyclopedia of Arkansas]] |language=en-US}}</ref> E ne e le ngwana wa ga Mary ( yo o tshotsweng ke Punchardt ) le Albert Booker, ka bobedi ba ne ba dirilwe makgoba ke [[John P. Fisher]] wa tshimo ya [[Bayou Bartholomew]] . <ref name="Baker" /> Fa a le ngwaga o le mongwe, mmaagwe e bong Maria o ne a tlhokafala. <ref name="Penn">{{Cite book |last=Penn |first=Irvine Garland |date=1891 |title=The Afro-American Press and Its Editors |publisher=Willey & Company |isbn=978-0-598-58268-3 |pages=258– |language=en |chapter=Rev. Joseph A. Booker, A. B., Editor Baptist Vanguard |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y80OAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA237}}</ref> Rraagwe e bong Albert o ne a tlhokafala a le dingwaga di le tharo, mme go bolelwa gore o ne a itewa go fitlha a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya go ruta batho ba bangwe ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba go bala. <ref name="Baker" /> Kwa bofelong jwa Ntwa ya Selegae ya Amerika ka ngwaga wa bo sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le botlhano (1865), Booker yo monnye o ne a bewa mo tlhokomelong ya ga mmèmogolo wa gagwe, Emma Fisher. <ref name="Pegues">{{Cite book |last=Pegues |first=Albert Witherspoon |date=1892 |title=Our Baptist Ministers and Schools |publisher=Willey & Company |pages=61–66 |language=en |chapter=Rev. Joseph Albert Booker, AM |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aJA-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA61}}</ref> O ne a kwadisiwa mo dikolong dingwe tse dipotlana tsa puso tse di neng di kopantswe mme di letlelela baithuti ba batho Bantsho. <ref name="Penn" /> == Thuto == Fa a le dingwaga di ka nna lesome le borataro kgotsa lesome le bosupa, o ne a nna morutabana kwa [[Harris Plantation]], e e neng e le gaufi le foo kwa Ashley County. <ref name="Baker" /> Ka yone nako eo o ne a nna moruti yo leteletseng wa Baptist. <ref name="Baker" /> O ne a tsena sekolo se se tlwaelegileng kwa sekolong sa Agricultural, Mechanical, and Normal College sa Arkansas (e jaanong e leng [[University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff]] ), go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le borobabobedi ( 1878) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bongwe (1881); kwa a neng a ithuta ka fa tlase ga ga [[Joseph Carter Corbin]] . <ref name="Baker" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bongwe ( 1881), o ne a fudugela kwa Nashville, Tennessee, go ya go tsena sekolo kwa Nashville Normal and Theological Institute(se moragonyana se neng se itsege e le [[:en:Roger_Williams_University_(Tennessee)|Roger Williams University]]) o ne a ikwadisetsa go dira dibuka tsa bogologolo mme a aloga ka dithutego tsa dikirii ya gagwe ya ntlha ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borataro (1886). <ref name="Pegues" /> == Tiro == Fa a sena go aloga, Booker o ne a boela kwa Arkansas go ya go dira ele moruti wa Baptist. Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ele masome a mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borataro ( 1886), o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moruti wa Kereke ya Baptist mme a tlhomiwa ke Morongwa wa Puso wa Kopano ya Baptist ya Batho ba Bantsho ya Arkansas le Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa Baptist wa Amerika go nna moruti wa Kereke ya Baptist ya “No. 2” kwa [[Portland]] . <ref name="Baker" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1887), o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tautona wa ntlha wa sekolo sa Arkansas Baptist College se se neng se sa tswa go tlhongwa. <ref name="BlackPast">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Edmond |date=2011-03-01 |title=Arkansas Baptist College, Little Rock, Arkansas (1884– ) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/arkansas-baptist-college-1884/ |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=[[BlackPast.org]] |language=en-US}}</ref> O ne a nna Tautona wa sekolo go fitlha a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borataro (1926). <ref name="BlackPast" /> ''Baptist'' ''Vanguard'' (e e kileng ya bo e le ''The Arkansas Baptist'' ) e ne e le Koranta ya sekolo sa Arkansas Baptist College , mme Booker o ne a dira jaaka morulaganyi yo o okametseng go simolola ka letlhafula la ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1887). <ref name="Penn" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1887), Booker o ne a nyala Mary Jane Caver, motho yo a neng a kopana le ene kwa sekolong se setona sa Roger Williams; mme ba ne ba na le bana ba robedi. <ref name="Baker" /> <ref name="Pegues" /> Booker e ne e le mongwe wa baeteledipele mo kganetsong ya sechaba sa batho Bantsho kgatlhanong le Molao wa Separate Coach wa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1891), molao wa Arkansas o o neng o batla gore go nne le mafelo a bonno a a farologaneng mme a lekana a seporo. <ref name="Baker" /> O ne a berekile le [[Booker T. Washington]], mme o ne a amogetse Washington fa a ne a etetse Little Rock. <ref name="Baker" /> O ne a bereka go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le motso (1911) go ya go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le boraro (1913 )e le mothusa mookamedi batho basweu Little Rock, e e neng ya tlhamiwa go phepafatsa dikgaolo tsa toropo . <ref name="Baker" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le borobabongwe (1919) morago ga polao ya batho ba le bantsi kwa Elaine, Booker o ne a tlhomiwa go nna leloko la Khuduthamaga ya Arkansas ya Dikamano tsa Merafe ke Mmusi [[Charles Hillman Brough]], e leng serala se a neng a se dirisa go rotloetsa “tshiamiso ya merafe e e farologaneng” mo baaging botlhe ba lefatshe leo. <ref name="Baker" /> == Loso le boswa == O ne a bolawa ke bolwetse jwa pelo ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e ele borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borataro (1926) kwa Fort Worth, kwa Texas, fa a ne a le mo loetong go ya kwa [[Bokopanong jwa Bosechaba jwa Baptist]] kwa Fort Worth, kwa Texas. <ref name="Baker" /> Botshelo ya gagwe bo akareditswe mo dibukeng tsa ''[[:en:The_Afro-American_Press_and_Its_Editors|The Afro-American Press and Its Editors]]''(1891). == Ditshupiso == <references /> == Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle == * Media related to [[Joseph Albert Booker]] at Wikimedia Commons * [https://arstudies.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15728coll1/id/14021/rec/1 Image of Booker] (1910) from the [[:en:Butler_Center_for_Arkansas_Studies|Butler Center for Arkansas Studies]], Central Arkansas Library System * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210625123305/https://digitalheritage.arkansas.gov/exhibits-online-multicultural-heritage/33/ Image of the Joseph Booker family] (c. 1911) from the Persistence of the Spirit collection, [[:en:Arkansas_State_Archives|Arkansas State Archives]] nd2x7u1exbabd2n5lzzy0blqj5ck40y 0 15110 56136 55026 2026-10-02T09:08:54Z VNGao 10152 56136 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eugene Parker Booze''' (O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ele lesome le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le borobabobedi (1878) mme a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ele malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a mararo le borobabongwe (1939) e ne e le rakgwebo wa mo Amerika, molemi, morulaganyi wa dipolotiki, le moeteledipele wa sechaba sa batho Bantsho go tswa kwa [[Clarksdale]], [[Mississippi]] mme moragonyana a direla kwa [[Mound Bayou,]] [[Mississippi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=February 11, 1901 |others=National Negro Business League (U.S.) |title=Proceedings of the National Negro Business League: Its First Meeting Held in Boston, Massachusetts, August 23 and 24, 1900 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oeBtAAAAMAAJ&dq=e.p.+booze+negro&pg=PA186 |publisher=J. R. Hamm |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> <ref name="McMillen-1990">{{Cite book |last=McMillen |first=Neil R. |date=1990 |title=Dark Journey: Black Mississippians in the Age of Jim Crow |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bIN1gR92_SIC&dq=mhoon+mississippi+lawyer.republican&pg=PA168 |publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] |isbn=978-0-252-06156-1 |pages=20}}</ref> E ne e le mongwe wa banna ba ba humileng thata ba ma Aforika -Amerika kwa Mississippi ka nako ya loso lwa gagwe. Booze o ne a tsenelela metshameko ya tsa lelwapa mo dingwageng di le mmalwa tsa bofelo tsa botshelo jwa gagwe tse di neng tsa felela ka polao ya gagwe . Legae la gagwe la pele, e leng Ntlo ya Booze (ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome( 1910), ke karolo ya Kgaolo ya [[:en:Mound_Bayou_Historic_District|Ditso ya Mound Bayou]] . Gape o ne a dirisa maina a '''E. P. Booze''' le '''Eugene Booze.''' {{Infobox person|name=Eugene Parker Booze|image=File:E. P. Booze.png|birth_date=July 14, 1878|birth_place=[[Adams County, Mississippi|Adams County]], Mississippi, U.S.|death_date=Ngwanatsele 7, 1939|death_place=[[Greenville, Mississippi|Greenville]], Bolivar County, Mississippi, U.S.|education=[[Natchez Junior College]]|occupation=Mogwebi, Molemi, morulaganyi wa dipolotiki, Moeteledipele wa batho bantsho|party=Republican|spouse=[[Mary Cordelia Montgomery]] (m. 1901–1939; his death)|children=2|relatives=[[Isaiah Montgomery]] (Rratsale)<br /> [[Charles Banks (Mogwebi)|Charles Banks]] (Sebara)}} == Botshelo jwa pele le lelwapa == Eugene Parker Booze o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ele lesome le bone, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi,masome a supa le borobabobedi ( 1878), kwa Lefatsheng la Adams, kwa Mississippi. O ne a tlhalosiwa e le motho wa mmala o mosweu, ka jalo a akanyediwa fa ele motho mosweu, <ref name="McMillen-1990" /> Kgaitsadie yo motona e bong Trenma Ophelia Booze o ne a nyalwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabaongwe le boraro (1893), ke [[Charles Banks]] (1873–1923). <ref name="Jackson Jr.-2017">{{Cite web |last=Jackson, Jr. |first=David H. |date=July 10, 2017 |title=Banks, Charles |url=https://mississippiencyclopedia.org/entries/charles-banks/ |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=Mississippi Encyclopedia |publisher=Center for Study of Southern Culture |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="Kranz-2004">{{Cite book |last=Kranz |first=Rachel |date=2004 |title=African-American Business Leaders and Entrepreneurs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCHX6P8ETI0C |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-4381-0779-0 |pages=13 |language=en |chapter=Banks, Charles (1873–1923) banker, town developer, entrepreneur}}</ref> Booze o tsene kwa [[sekolong se segolwane sa Natchez]] , mme a ithuta tiro ya go rekisa le go gweba ka letsela . O ne a nyala [[Mary Cordelia Montgomery]] ( yo moragonyana a neng a itsege e le Mary Booze ) ka ngwaga a sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bongwe ( 1901) morwadia motlhami wa Mound Bayou, e bong [[Isaiah Thornton Montgomery]] . <ref name="Kranz-2004" /> Mmogo ba ne ba nna le bana ba le babedi. <ref name="McComb Daily Journal-1939">{{Cite news|pages=1}}</ref> == Tiro == [[Setshwantsho:Bank of Mound Bayou.png|thumb|Banak ya Mound Bayou, c. 1907]] Booze o ne a le mo komiting ya khuduthamaga ya [[Lekgotla la Bosetšhaba la Kgwebo ya Bathobantsho]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa ( 1907), le ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome ( 1910), a emetse [[:en:Colorado_Springs,_Colorado|Colorado Springs, kwa Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Committee National Negro Business League; 1. J. B. Bell, Houston, Tex.; 2. S.E. Courtney, M.D., Boston, Mass.; 3. W. L. Taylor, Richmond, Va.; 4. T. Thomas Fortune, New York City, Chairman; 5. N.T. Velar, Brinton, Pa.; 6. J. C. Jackson, Lexington, Ky.; 7. M. M. Lewey, Pensacola, Fla.; 8. E. P. Booze, Colorado Springs, Col.; 9. S. A. Furniss, M.D., Indianapolis, Ind.; 10. John E. Bush, Little Rock, Ark.; 11. James C. Napier, Nashville, Tenn. |url=https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47df-95a2-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 |website=NYPL Digital Collections}}</ref> Booze le sebare sa gagwe Charles Banks ba ne ba bula kgwebo e e bidiwang Banks and Bro kwa Clarksdale, kwa Mississippi. <ref name="Jackson Jr.-2017" /> Ka ngwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le boraro (1903), Clark le Booze ba ne ba tswala kgwebo ya bone mme bobedi joo bo ne jwa fudugela kwa Mound Bayou, kwa Mississippi . <ref name="Jackson Jr.-2017" /> Booze le Banks ba ne ba tlhoma Banka ya Mound Bayou ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bone (1904) nngwe ya dibanka tsa ntlha tsa batho Bantsho mo lefatsheng. <ref name="Ingham-20002">{{Cite book |last=Ingham |first=John N. |date=February 2000 |title=Banks, Charles (25 March 1873–1923), banker and businessman |url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-1001931 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |series=[[American National Biography Online]] |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1001931 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Angela |date=April 23, 2022 |title=Remembering Mound Bayou: Mississippi's Black Wall Street |url=https://ourmissmag.com/uncategorized/remembering-mound-bayou-mississippis-black-wall-street/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622143730/https://ourmissmag.com/uncategorized/remembering-mound-bayou-mississippis-black-wall-street/ |archive-date=2025-06-22 |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=Our Mississippi Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1909), Booze o ne a tlhoma mmogo le Charles Banks Kompone [[Farmer's Cooperative Mercantile Company|ya Kgwebo ya Tirisanommogo ya Molemirui]] kwa [[Mound Bayou]], lebenkele la go rekisetsa balemibarui dilwana tse di seng turu. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Feldman |first=Lynne |date=February 11, 1994 |title=African-American Business Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTha3NavN-sC&dq=e.p.+booze+negro&pg=PA48 |last2=Ingham |first2=John N. |last3=Feldman |first3=Lynne B. |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=9780313272530 |via=Google Books}}</ref> <ref name="Kranz-2004" /> Lebenkele leno le ne la nna le butswe go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bobedi (1922). <ref name="Ingham-2000">{{Cite book |last=Ingham |first=John N. |date=February 2000 |title=Banks, Charles (25 March 1873–1923), banker and businessman |url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-1001931 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |series=[[American National Biography Online]] |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1001931 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Booze e ne e le moemedi kwa bokopanong jwa [[:en:1924_Republican_National_Convention|1924 Republican National Convention]] jwa kgaolo ya boraro ya Mound Bayou. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 11, 1925 |title=Negro Year Book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MttKAAAAYAAJ&dq=e.p.+booze+negro&pg=PA245 |publisher=Negro Year Book Publishing Company |pages=245 |via=Google Books}}</ref> Mosadi wa gagwe, Mary Booze, o ne a direla mo Komiting ya [[:en:Republican_National_Committee|Republican National Committee]], mme e ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika wa Amerika go dira jalo. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Nowlin |first=William Felbert |date=February 11, 1970 |title=The Negro in American National Politics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luEHAAAAMAAJ&q=e.p.+booze+negro |publisher=[[Russell & Russell]] |isbn=9780846213673 |pages=75 |via=Google Books}}</ref> Booze o ne a na le masimo a matona a matsela, mme o ne a tlhalosiwa ele moagi yo o humileng go gaisa wa Mound Bayou ka nako ya loso lwa gagwe. [[Ntlo ya Booze]] (c. 1910), 308 West Main South ke karolo ya Kgaolo ya ditso tsa Mound Bayou. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 11, 2013 |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Mound Bayou Historic District |url=https://www.apps.mdah.ms.gov/nom/dist/235.pdf}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mound Bayou Historic District |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/AssetDetail?assetID=5d95e657-cf98-4220-b020-1819930a834e |website=National Register of Historic Places, Digital Archive on NPGallery}}</ref> == Dingwaga tsa moragonyana le dikgang tsa dithoto == Go ne go na le kgotlhang ya lelapa la ga Montgomery ka dithoto tsa Isaiah Thornton Montgomery morago ga loso lwa gagwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bone (1924), Booze e ne e le mookamela kgotsa motsamaisi wa dithoto. <ref name="Clarion-Ledger-1927">{{Cite news|pages=3}}</ref> Bangwe ba barwadi ba ga Montgomery ba ne ba latola gore ga ba a newa diabe tse di siameng tsa boswa, mme mongwe wa bone e bong [[Estella Montgomery]] o ne a o ne a palelwa ke go tsenya kgwetlho ya semolao. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Beito |first=David |title=Freedom's Outpost: Mound Bayou and the Right for Free Expression in Jim Crow Mississippi, 1887–1941 |url=https://www.independent.org/tir/2025-fall/freedoms-outpost/ |website=[[Independent Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bosupa (1927), Estella Montgomery o ne a supa fa Booze le mosadi wa gagwe e bong Mary, le Ratoropo [[Benjamin A. Green]], ba ne ba nna le seabe mo leano la go tshelela Isaiah Thornton Montgomery botlhole. <ref name="Clarion-Ledger-1927" /> Kgetsi ga e ise e ko e ye kwa tshekong ka ntlha ya go tlhoka bosupi. <ref name=":0" /> Baagi ba le bantsi ba Mound Bayou ba ne ba galefela Booze ka ntlha ya go bo a ne a ikobela batho ba maemo ba basweu ba Delta le fa gape a ne a tlisa ditokafatso dingwe tse di tlhokegang tsa bopelotshweu. O ne a leka gangwe le gape go emela go nna ratoropo mme a nna a latlhegelwa. Mo maemong a gagwe a bo Mississippi "Black and Tan" Republican e e itsegeng , Booze o ne a tshwarelela tirisanommogo le NAACP mme a sutisa lekoko la bosechaba ka tidimalo go rotloetsa boemo jo bo neng bo ema nokeng ditshwanelo tsa baagi kgotsa banni. <ref name=":0" /> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borobabongwe, ngwetsi ya gagwe Estella Montgomery o ne a leka go tsena mo ntlong ya ga Eugene kwa Mound Bayou (e pele e neng e le ntlo ya ga rraagwe ka namana), ano e ne e le maiteko a gagwe a bobedi a go tsena, mme o ne a thibetswe go tsena ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelo. <ref name="McComb Daily Journal-1939" /> Eugene o ne a bitsa mapodisi mme o ne a gana go tshwarwa, a tsholetsa dithipa tsa matlhabelo. Estella o ne a thuntshiwa makgetlo a le mane mme a bolawa ke batlatsi ba babedi, <ref name="GarrettScott-2018">{{Cite book |last=Garrett-Scott |first=Shennette |date=2018 |title=Part II: Black Women Suffragists |url=https://documents.alexanderstreet.com/d/1011011911 |publisher=[[Alexander Street Press]] |others=Introduction by Thomas Dublin and Kathryn Kish Sklar |location=Alexandria, VA |chapter=Mary Cordelia Montgomery Booze |access-date= |via=[[Alexander Street]]}}</ref> mo go se neng dikuranta di se tlhalosa e le "motshameko o o sa siamang". <ref name="McComb Daily Journal-1939" /> Baagi ba le bantsi ba Mound Bayou, go akaretsa le Ratoropo [[Benjamin A. Green]], ba ne ba pega Booze molato wa tsela e a neng a tshwara ngwetsi ya gagwe ka yone, mme ba batla gore a tswe mo sechabeng. <ref name="GarrettScott-2018" /> Dibeke di le mmalwa moragonyana Booze o ne a lalelwa mme a thuntshiwa makgetlo a le mmalwa ka kwedi ya Ngwanatsele e tlhola borataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borobabongwe (1939), kwa Mound Bayou. <ref name="McComb Daily Journal-1939" /> <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="Detroit Tribune-1939" /> <ref>{{Cite news|pages=10}}</ref> O ne a tlhokafala letsatsi le le latelang kwa kokelong kwa [[Greenville]],Mississippi . <ref name="McComb Daily Journal-1939" /> == Bona gape == * Kwadiso ya Bosetšhaba ya Mafelo a ditso a kwadilwe mo Kgaolong ya Bolivar, kwa Mississippi == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 8kfziqri9y9btrjv46458cxo44npwax 0 15119 56130 55788 2026-10-02T07:51:57Z VNGao 10152 56130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Eva del Vakia Bowles|image=EvaDelVakiaBowles.tif|caption=1918|other names=Eva D. Bowles|birth_date={{Birth date|1875|01|24}}|birth_place=[[Albany, Ohio|Albany]], [[Athens County]], Ohio|death_date={{Death date and age|1943|06|14|1875|01|24}}|death_place=[[Richmond, Virginia]]|occupation=Morutuntshi, Mmaboipelego, Morulaganyi|years active=1905–1943|known for=mosadi wa ntlha wa motho yo montsho go nna le maemo a go nna mokwaledi kakaretso wa YWCA}}'''[[:en:Eva_del_Vakia_Bowles|Eva del Vakia Bowles]]''' ( O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Firikgong e le masome a mabedi le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le botlhano (1875) – A bo a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele lesome le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le boraro (1943 ) e ne e le morutabana wa Moamerika le morulaganyi wa Mokgatlho wa Basadi ba Banana wa Bokeresete kwa [[New York City]] . Fa a ne a simolola go bereka kwa YWCA e e neng e kgaogantswe kwa New York City kwa [[Harlem]], o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha wa motho montsho go nna mokwaledi wa mokgatlho ono. Ka dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi o ne a rulaganya makalana a batho bantsho a YWCA mme a atolosa ditirelo tsa bone go maloko a baagi. O ne a akgolwa ke Tautona wa pele e bong [[Theodore Roosevelt]] ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ka nako ya [[Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya ntlha]] Ie mo boemong jwa Y e e neng e kgaogantswe. == Botshelo jwa bogologolo == Eva del Vakia Bowles o tshotswe ka Hirikgong ele masome a mabedi le bone, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le botlhano (1875), kwa [[Albany]], [[Ohio]] kwa go Mary Jane (yo o tshotsweng ke Porter) le John Hawkes Bowles. Rraagwe e ne e le mogokgo wa ntlha wa motho montsho wa sekolo sengwe kwa [[Marietta]], [[Ohio]] mme moragonyana o ne a bereka jaaka mongwe wa batbereki ba ntlha ba bantsho ba poso ba seporo kwa Ohio. Rraagwemogolo, John Randolph Bowles e ne e le moruti wa Baptist mme o ne a dira jaaka moruti wa Mophato wa bo masome a matlhano le botlhano wa Masole a a Tsamayang ka Dinao wa Massachusetts ka nako ya ntwa ya selegae . <ref name=":1">[[:en:Eva_del_Vakia_Bowles#CITEREFBracksSmith2014|Bracks &#x26; Smith 2014]], pp.&#x20;26–27.</ref>Fa Bowles a sena go tsena dikolo tsa puso kwa Albany, o ne a tswelela ka dithuto tsa gagwe kwa sekolong sa Kgwebo sa Bliss Business College kwa [[Columbus]] fa a ntse a tsena dithuto tsa selemo kwa [[:en:Ohio_State_University|Ohio State University]]. <ref name=":2">[[:en:Eva_del_Vakia_Bowles#CITEREFJones2000|Jones 2000]]</ref><ref name=":3">[[:en:Eva_del_Vakia_Bowles#CITEREFRobertson2007|Robertson 2007]], p.&#x20;192.</ref><ref>[[:en:Eva_del_Vakia_Bowles#CITEREFThe_New_York_Age1916|''The New York Age'' 1916]], p.&#x20;7.</ref> == Tiro == Bowles o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya go ruta kwa dikolong di le mmalwa tsa batho bantsho: Sekolo se se Tlwaelegileng sa Chandler kwa [[Lexington]], [[Kentucky]] ; [[sekolo sa St. Augustine College]] ya [[Raleigh]], kwa [[bokone jwa Carolina]], le [[Sekolo sa St. Paul]] kwa [[Lawrenceville]], kwa Virginia.<ref name=":4">[[:en:Eva_del_Vakia_Bowles#CITEREFThe_New_York_Age1943|''The New York Age'' 1943]], p.&#x20;1.</ref> <ref name=":3" />. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le botlhano (1905), fa a ne a ruta kwa Virginia, Bowles o ne a atamelwa ke Addie Waites Hunton, yo monna wa gagwe e bong William e neng e le mokwaledi wa Mokgatlho wa Bokeresete wa Makawana (YMCA) wa Harlem. Hunton o ne a thapa Bowles go etelela pele tiro ya kgaitsadi, e leng mokgatlho wa [[:en:YWCA|YWCA]] wa New York, go rarabolola matlhoki a basadi ba batho bantsho.<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /><ref>[[:en:Eva_del_Vakia_Bowles#CITEREFThe_Kansas_City_Sun1914|''The Kansas City Sun'' 1914,]] p.&#x20;4.</ref> Fa a ne a simolola tiro eo, moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, Bowles o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha wa motho montsho yo o neng a thapiwa go nna mokwaledi wa YWCA kwa United States. <ref name=":2" /> <ref>[[:en:Eva_del_Vakia_Bowles#CITEREFThe_New_York_Age1916|''The New York Age'' 1916,]] p.&#x20;1.</ref>. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1908), o ne a ithutela tiro ya Boipelego kwa [[:en:Columbia_University|Columbia University]], kwa sekolong sa go thusa batho ka se ba se tlhokang.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> Morago ga dithuto tsa gagwe, Bowles o ne a nna mmereki wa boikuelo kwa Mokgatlhong wa Bopelotlhomogi wa Columbus, Ohio fa gare ga ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1908) le ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bobedi (1912). <ref>[[:en:Eva_del_Vakia_Bowles#CITEREFCommireKlezmer2007|Commire &#x26; Klezmer 2007.]]</ref> O ne a boela kwa New York ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le boraro (1913) go ya go nna mokwaledi mo khuduthamageng ya bosetšhaba ya Komitipotlana ya YWCA ya Tiro ya Batho ba Mmala o mosweu. Bowles o ne a lebisiwa molato wa go oketsa ditirelo tsa basadi ba batho bantsho. Le fa go ne go kgaogantswe, o ne a kopa gore toropo nngwe le nngwe e nne le "Y" e le nngwe fela, ka gonne makalana a batho basweu a ne a na le phitlhelelo e e botoka ya madi le ditlamelo. Le fa e ne e dira gore makalana a batho bantsho a nne ka fa tlase ga kaelo ya basadi ba basweu le go ba thibela go tsena mo mafelong a le mantsi, Bowles o ne a dumela gore popego eno e tla neela basadi ba merafe ka bobedi tshono ya go bereka mmogo. Ka nako ya [[Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya ntlha]], YWCA e ne ya thusa ka madi a go atolosa ditirelo go ya pele mo baaging ba batho bantsho le go bula mafelo a madirelo, mmogo le mafelo a itlosobodutu. Ba ne gape ba bula dikampa di le lesome le botlhano, e le dikago tsa go tlamela masole le malapa a bone ka tsa itlosobodutu. <ref name=":2" /> Go thapa ga ga Bowles go ne ga atlega mo e leng gore o ne a oketsa badiri ba batho bantsho go tswa go a le mongwe go ya go ba ba fetang masome a marataro mme a neelwa madi aka tshwarang $4,000 le ha a direlang teng ke Tautona wa pele [[Theodore Roosevelt]] go tswa mo mading a gagwe a Mokgele wa Nobel. <ref>[[:en:Eva_del_Vakia_Bowles#CITEREFThe_New_York_Age1918|''The New York Age'' 1918,]] p.&#x20;1.</ref> Bowles o ne a tswelela ka go pateletsa khuduthamaga ya bosechaba gore e nne le boemedi jo bontsi jwa basadi ba bantsho mo maemong a selegae le a bosechaba. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bone (1924) ba ne ba bona moemedi wa ntlha mo khuduthamageng ya bosetšhaba mme gape o ne a atlega mo go oketseng babereki ba batho bantsho kwa ntlokgolo go nna maloko a robabongwe ka babereki ba masimo ba le bararo ba batho bantsho. <ref name=":2" /> O ne a tsamaya mo lefatshe lotlhe a bula makalana a YWCA mme gape a gatelela gore mokgatlho ono o atolose tiro ya bone mo Afrika le kwa Caribbean. <ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> . Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo lebobedi (1932), o ne a ithola marapo mo tirong ya YWCA, ka a ne a swabisitswe ke dithulaganyo tsa bone tsa go ithulaganya sesha.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">[[:en:Eva_del_Vakia_Bowles#CITEREFThe_New_York_AgeApril_30,_1932|''The New York Age'' &#x26; April 30, 1932,]] p.&#x20;1.</ref> Bowles o ne a setse a direla Mokgatlho wa Bosechaba wa Bagwebi ba batho basweu , e le mokwaledi wa mokgatlho, le National Negro Business League, e le modulasetilo wa mothusi wa basadi. Fa a tswa mo YWCA, o ne a tsenelela diofisi tsa bone tse di kopanetsweng jaaka modiri go thusa go tokafatsa ditshono tsa itsholelo ya batho bantsho. <ref name=":5" /><ref>[[:en:Eva_del_Vakia_Bowles#CITEREFThe_New_York_AgeJune_11,_1932|''The New York Age'' &#x26; June 11, 1932,]] p.&#x20;1.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le boraro ( 1943), fa [[Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi]] e simolola, Bowles o ne a tlhomiwa go nna mokaedi-mogolo wa Tshireletso ya Baagi mo mafelong a [[Harlem]] le [[:en:Riverside_Park_(Manhattan)|Riverside]] kwa New York City. <ref>[[:en:Eva_del_Vakia_Bowles#CITEREFThe_New_York_AgeJanuary_16,_1943|''The New York Age'' &#x26; January 16, 1943,]] p.&#x20;4.</ref> == Loso le boswa == Bowles o ne a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele lesome le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le boraro (1943), kwa kokelong ya banni ya [[Richmond, KwaZulu-Natal|Richmond]] kwa Richmond, kwa [[Virginia]], fa a ne a etetse setlogolo sa gagwe. <ref name=":4" />Dibuka tsa YWCA di na le dintlha tse di amanang le tiro ya ga Bowles ya go atolosa YWCA mo merafeng ya Maaforika a kwa Amerika mmogo le tiro ya gagwe ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Ntlha.<ref name=":2" /> == Metswedi == === Ditshupiso === [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] onex1l1c9km5vvismask2ggjm1za509 0 15151 56096 55818 2026-10-01T19:29:12Z VNGao 10152 56096 wikitext text/x-wiki Moruti '''Fleming Emory Alexander''' (O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1888) – O tlhokafetse ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le lesome le boraro, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) e ne e le moruti yo o itsegeng, rakgwebo, le mogatisi wa dipampiri tsa dikgang kgotsa dikuranta . Alexander o ne a simolodisa le go gatisiwa ga koranta ya ''[[:en:Roanoke_Tribune|Roanoke Tribune]]'' kwa [[Roanoke]], kwa [[Virginia]], e leng nngwe ya kuranta ya bogologolo e nang le lebaka ya batho bantsho mo lefatsheng leo. <ref>[http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/trailblazers/2009/honoree.asp?bio=4 "Claudia Whitworth"].</ref> Gape e ne e le motho yo o itsegeng thata yo o neng a lwantsha kgaogano. == Botshelo jwa pele == Alexander o ne a tsholwa ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1888) kwa Christiansburg, kwa Virginia. Fa mmaagwe a sena go tlhokafala, ene le batsalwaleene ba le borobabobedi ba ne ba kgaoganngwa mme ba godisiwa ke masika , e leng lelwapa la ga Alexander. O ne a ise a ke a itse batsadi ba gagwe, mme fa a ne a sa ntse a le ngwana, sefane sa gagwe e ne e le "Poor". <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ewing |first=Kelley |date=2020 |title='A Condition Which Is Inevitable': F. E. Alexander And The Struggle For Desegregation |url=https://uncommonwealth.virginiamemory.com/blog/2020/02/26/f-e-alexander/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The UnCommonwealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia}}</ref> E ne e le moruti yo o tlhomilweng wa Baptist mme one a dira tiro ya boruti kwa [[Rustburg]], kwa [[Virginia]], kwa Christiansburg le kwa Buchanan, kwa Virginia . E ne e le moruti wa [[Schaeffer Baptist Church|Kereke ya Baptise ya Schaeffer]], e gompieno e leng karolo ya Leloko la [[:en:Old_Christiansburg_Industrial_Institute|Old Christiansburg Industrial Institute]] kwa Christiansburg, kwa Virginia, fa a ne a simolodisa ''Roanoke Tribune'' <ref name=":2">Shareef, Reginald. ''The Roanoke Valley's African American Heritage: A Pictorial History''. Virginia Beach, VA: Donning Co, 1996.Page 124. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34690904</ref>. Alexander o ne a ithuta tiro ya go gatisa kwa Kentucky mme a direla dikuranta go ralala Borwa jwa United States . Pele ga a fudugela kwa Roanoke, o ne a bereka le kuranta ya ''[[:en:Atlanta_Daily_World|Atlanta Daily World]]'' le ''[[Louisburg Reporter|ya Louisburg Reportes]]'' . O ne a berekela kwa Fora ka nako ya WWI mo sesoleng sa bo makgolo a robabobedi le bobedi sa Pioneer Infantry, morago ga moo a boela kwa Lynchburg kwa a neng a na le kgwebo e e ikemetseng ya go gatisa mme a ruta go gatisa kwa lefelong la [[:en:Virginia_University_of_Lynchburg|Virginia Theological Seminary]] . <ref name=":2" /><ref>[https://virginiachronicle.com/?a=cl&cl=CL1&sp=TRB&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------- "Tribune — Browse by title — Virginia Chronicle: Digital Newspaper] Archive". ''virginiachronicle.com''. Retrieved 2021-08-10</ref> Fleming Alexander o ne a tla kwa Roanoke, kwa Virginia, ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borobabongwe (1939), mme ka nako ya [[Kwelotlase e tona ya Itsholelo]], o ne a simolodisa kuranta ya ''Roanoke Tribune'' . The ''Tribune'' e ne e le yone fela Kuranta ya Western Virginia e e neng e laolwa ke Maaforika le Maamerika mme e ne e itebagantse thata le batho bantsho. O ne a na le maitemogelo a go gatisa le go nna mmegadikgang pele ga a tla kwa Roanoke. == ''Kuranta ya Roanoke'' == Fleming E. Alexander o ne a simolodisa kuranta ya ''Roanoke Tribune'' ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borobabongwe (1939) kwa lefelong la 5 Gilmer Avenue, moragonyana a fudugela kwa 312 Henry Street, morago ga moo a fudugela gape kwa [[:en:Melrose_Avenue|Melrose Avenue]] kwa Roanoke. Jaaka Kuranta ya Maaforika le Maamerika, e ne e dira gore batho ba nne pudi matseba kgatlhanong le [[Melao ya Jim Crow|melao ya ga Jim Crow]] ya Roanoke le Virginia Bophirima. E ne e tshegetsa boemedi jwa batho bantsho mo dikhuduthamageng tsa sechaba tsa Roanoke le dikolo tse dipotlana tsa bana ba batho bantsho kwa mafatsheng a kgaoganeng a kwa borwa. <ref>''Roanoke Times''. "Discover History & Heritage: Exploring the People and Places of Southwest Virginia". 2015. Issue 3 originally published with the copyrighted February 25, 2016 edition of ''The Roanoke Times''. "Fleming E. Alexander". Page 51. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/930723037</ref> ''Tribune'' e ne e gatisiwa beke le beke ka Matlhatso, e ne e akaretsa dikeletso tsa banni dikgang tsa lefatshe lotlhe le tsa mafatshefatshe. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Tribune — Browse by title — Virginia Chronicle: Digital Newspaper Archive |url=https://virginiachronicle.com/?a=cl&cl=CL1&sp=TRB&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------- |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=virginiachronicle.com}}</ref> Tribune e ne ya ema kgatlhanong le tlhaolele ka bonako. Tota e bile, mokwalo o o neng o le mo setlhoeng sa borogo o ne o bolela jaana: "Ke yone fela kuranta ya batho bantsho e e gatisiwang kwa South Western Virginia. <ref>''The Tribune''. Roanoke, Va: F.E. Alexander, 1940. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39072118</ref> Koranta e ena le maikaeleo a a gatisitsweng: "1) go rotloetsa go sa itseela kwa tlase; 2) go rotloetsa GO ITLOLA le go tlotla dipharologano tsa ba bangwe, ) go thusa go tlhama ditsela tse di tla nnelang ruri tse batho ba ba farologaneng ba ka kopanelang mo motheong o o tshwanang.<ref>''[http://theroanoketribune.org/ Roanoke Tribune]''</ref> Moragonyana, ka ntlha yago sa tsoga sentle morago ga kotsi ya koloi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bongwe (1971), o ne a rekisetsa morwadie e bong Claudia Alexander Whitworth.<ref>[http://www.roanokefreepress.com/the-roanoke-tribune%e2%80%99s-70th-anniversary-nikki-giovanni-video/ "The Roanoke Tribune's 70th Anniversary – Nikki Giovanni Video"]. April 26, 2009</ref> Konranta ya ''Roanoke Tribune'' . ''Roanoke Tribune'' e ne ya keteka ngwaga wa yone wa bo masome a supa le botlhano ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola borobabongwe, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014). Tshameko ya bosheng ya koranta e e ,teng.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRh7zCZdSWg "The History of the Roanoke Tribune"]</ref> == Go fedisa Tlhaolele/Kgetlhololo == Fleming Alexander e ne e le mongwe wa ba ba neng ba buelela go fedisa tlhaolele mo dikolong tsa Virginia. Alexander o ne a sa batle go tlogela go tlhaola batho ka lotso mo dikolong tsa Virginia morago ga kgetsi ya Brown le khuduthamaga ya Lekgotla la Thuto la Topeka . <ref name=":0" /> E ne e le mongwe wa baeteledipele ba le batlhano ba batho bantsho kwa Virginia go kopana le Mmusisi [[Thomas B. Stanley]] go buisana ka ditlamorago tsa tshwetso ya ga Brown mo Virginia, le maikaelelo a ga Stanley a go kgaoganya dikolo.<ref>[https://theses.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-121098-154942/unrestricted/DISSERTATION.PDF "The Desegregation of Southampton County, Virginia Schools, 1954 - 1970" by Carolyn Carter Modlin. Doctoral Theses. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Blacksburg, Virginia. 1998. Page 18.]</ref> Bogologolo koranta e, e ne ya lwa kgatlhanong le thulaganyo e tona ya go thibela go kopanngwa ga merafe kwa dikolong tsa Virginia, e e neng e engwe nokeng ke Lekalana la [[:en:Byrd_Organization|Byrd Organization]] le le mashetla mo dipolotiking tsa puso. Le fa go ntse jalo, gape o ne a le kgatlhanong le go kopanngwa ka bonako, selo se se neng se baka dikgotlhang le baeteledipele ba bangwe ba batho bantsho kwa Roanoke. Kgetsi ya go sengwa leina kgatlhanong le badiredi ba le lesome e ne ya rarabololwa kwa ntle ga kgotlatshekelo.<ref>Roanoke Times and World News. December 14, 1980. Pages B4-B5.</ref> O tlhokafetse ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ele lesome le boraro, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) kwa [[Toropong ya New York]] .<ref>''Roanoke Times and World News''. December 14, 1980. Pages B4-B5.</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> == Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle == ''[https://theroanoketribune.org/ Roanoke Tribune]'' 3c4mabqmkprfqm4ep1ey1wgzxeyjxpo 0 15154 56132 55676 2026-10-02T07:58:14Z VNGao 10152 56132 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''[[:en:Jamila_Bey|Jamila Bey]]''' (yoo tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borataro,1976) ke mmegabdikgang wa lefatshe la Amerika gape ele sebui sa phatlalatsa. O ne a tshwara lenaneo la beke le beke la thulaganyo ya seromamowa ''la Thobalano, Dipolotiki le Bodumedi jwa oura: SPAR With Jamila'' mo Voice of Russia, <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 October 2013 |title=Reminder: Black Atheists Actually do Exist |url=https://www.ebony.com/reminder-black-atheists-actually-do-exist-981/}}</ref> mme o ne a kwalela kgaso ya ' [[:en:The_Washington_Post|''The Washington Post'',]] ''She the People'' . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/she-the-people/blog-contributors/|title=She the People - Blog contributors|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214192359/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/she-the-people/blog-contributors/|archivedate=2012-12-14|access-date=2026-09-21}}</ref> <ref name="ssa">{{Cite web |title=Jamila Bey {{!}} Secular Student Alliance |url=https://www.secularstudents.org/speakers/JamilaBey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830123053/https://www.secularstudents.org/speakers/JamilaBey |archive-date=2013-08-30 |access-date=6 October 2013 |publisher=[[Secular Student Alliance]]}}</ref> Pele ga a bereka mo Washington Post le The [[:en:Voice_of_Russia|Voice of Russia]], Bey o ne a nna selekanyo sa ngwaga tse di lesome a bereka ele montshi i le mmaakanyi wa [[:en:National_Public_Radio|National Public Radio]], go akaretsa le ya ''[[:en:Morning_Edition|Morning Edition]]'' . <ref name="ssa" /> Ke MoAfrika-wa moAmerika. Bey gape ke moiaola Modimo yo o buang phatlalatsa, <ref name="mf">{{Cite news|title=Jamila Bey|url=http://www.memphisflyer.com/memphis/jamila-bey/Event?oid=3036705|accessdate=6 October 2013}}</ref> yo o boileng phatlalatsa gore o dumela gore tumelo e kotsi ka matlhagatlhaga mo MaAfrika-ako Amerika, a latlhela gore tumelo e nale seabe mo go direng MaAfrika-bako Amerika makgoba a mmele, mme ebile e tswelela ka go nna le seabe mo go ba direng makgoba a tlhaloganyo. <ref name="tr">{{Cite news|title=On Black Atheism: Jamila Bey|url=http://www.theroot.com/views/black-atheism-jamila-bey|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023171205/http://www.theroot.com/views/black-atheism-jamila-bey|archivedate=23 October 2013}}</ref> O ganetsa go tlhalosiwa mo go tlwaelegileng ga mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa baagi gore kewa bodumedi, a bolela gore le fa dikereke di ne di na le seabe se segolo mo mokgatlhong ono, "batho ba dirile tiro yotlhe." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite news|title=The Unbelievers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/fashion/african-american-atheists.html?pagewanted=2|accessdate=6 October 2013}}</ref> Letsholo la ngwaga wa 2012 la MaAfrika ako Amerika la Botho le ne la baya diboroto tsa ipapatso tse di neng di supa fa Bey le balwela ditshwanelo le barulaganyi ba bangwe ba bosheng ga mmogo le balwela-botho ba ba tlhageletseng thata ba MaAfrika ba Amerika e bong Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, le [[Frederick Douglass]] . <ref name="AAHumanism_WeAreAAH">{{Cite web |title=Announcing the We Are AAH Campaign |url=http://www.aahumanism.net/announcements/view/announcing_the_we_are_aah_campaign |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203181541/http://www.aahumanism.net/announcements/view/announcing_the_we_are_aah_campaign |archive-date=3 February 2018 |access-date=3 February 2018 |website=aahumanism.net}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2015 Bey o ne a nna molwela ditshwanelo wa ntlha wa baba itatolang Modimo go buisa batho ko bokopanong jwa ngwaga le ngwaga jwa Conservation Political Action Conference . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/in-a-first-atheist-activist-addresses-conservative-conference/2015/02/26/8c5447e0-bdfd-11e4-9dfb-03366e719af8_story.html|title=In a first, atheist activist addresses conservative conference|date=2015-02-26}}</ref>{{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240314102709/http://sparwithjamila.com/ Spar With Jamila] Archived [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] iztvu81eo886qelbrogojw2jl143oy5 56133 56132 2026-10-02T08:33:48Z VNGao 10152 56133 wikitext text/x-wiki  '''[[:en:Jamila_Bey|Jamila Bey]]''' (yoo tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borataro,1976) ke mmegabdikgang wa lefatshe la Amerika gape ele sebui sa phatlalatsa. O ne a tshwara lenaneo la beke le beke la thulaganyo ya seromamowa ''la Thobalano, Dipolotiki le Bodumedi jwa oura: SPAR With Jamila'' mo Voice of Russia, <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 October 2013 |title=Reminder: Black Atheists Actually do Exist |url=https://www.ebony.com/reminder-black-atheists-actually-do-exist-981/}}</ref> mme o ne a kwalela kgaso ya ' [[:en:The_Washington_Post|''The Washington Post'',]] ''She the People'' . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/she-the-people/blog-contributors/|title=She the People - Blog contributors|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214192359/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/she-the-people/blog-contributors/|archivedate=2012-12-14|access-date=2026-09-21}}</ref> <ref name="ssa">{{Cite web |title=Jamila Bey {{!}} Secular Student Alliance |url=https://www.secularstudents.org/speakers/JamilaBey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830123053/https://www.secularstudents.org/speakers/JamilaBey |archive-date=2013-08-30 |access-date=6 October 2013 |publisher=[[Secular Student Alliance]]}}</ref> Pele ga a bereka mo Washington Post le The [[:en:Voice_of_Russia|Voice of Russia]], Bey o ne a nna selekanyo sa ngwaga tse di lesome a bereka ele montshi i le mmaakanyi wa [[:en:National_Public_Radio|National Public Radio]], go akaretsa le ya ''[[:en:Morning_Edition|Morning Edition]]'' . <ref name="ssa" /> Ke MoAfrika-wa moAmerika. Bey gape ke moiaola Modimo yo o buang phatlalatsa, <ref name="mf">{{Cite news|title=Jamila Bey|url=http://www.memphisflyer.com/memphis/jamila-bey/Event?oid=3036705|accessdate=6 October 2013}}</ref> yo o boileng phatlalatsa gore o dumela gore tumelo e kotsi ka matlhagatlhaga mo MaAfrika-ako Amerika, a latlhela gore tumelo e nale seabe mo go direng MaAfrika-bako Amerika makgoba a mmele, mme ebile e tswelela ka go nna le seabe mo go ba direng makgoba a tlhaloganyo. <ref name="tr">{{Cite news|title=On Black Atheism: Jamila Bey|url=http://www.theroot.com/views/black-atheism-jamila-bey|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023171205/http://www.theroot.com/views/black-atheism-jamila-bey|archivedate=23 October 2013}}</ref> O ganetsa go tlhalosiwa mo go tlwaelegileng ga mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa baagi gore kewa bodumedi, a bolela gore le fa dikereke di ne di na le seabe se segolo mo mokgatlhong ono, "batho ba dirile tiro yotlhe." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite news|title=The Unbelievers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/fashion/african-american-atheists.html?pagewanted=2|accessdate=6 October 2013}}</ref> Letsholo la ngwaga wa 2012 la MaAfrika ako Amerika la Botho le ne la baya diboroto tsa ipapatso tse di neng di supa fa Bey le balwela ditshwanelo le barulaganyi ba bangwe ba bosheng ga mmogo le balwela-botho ba ba tlhageletseng thata ba MaAfrika ba Amerika e bong Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, le [[Frederick Douglass]] . <ref name="AAHumanism_WeAreAAH">{{Cite web |title=Announcing the We Are AAH Campaign |url=http://www.aahumanism.net/announcements/view/announcing_the_we_are_aah_campaign |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203181541/http://www.aahumanism.net/announcements/view/announcing_the_we_are_aah_campaign |archive-date=3 February 2018 |access-date=3 February 2018 |website=aahumanism.net}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2015 Bey o ne a nna molwela ditshwanelo wa ntlha wa baba itatolang Modimo go buisa batho ko bokopanong jwa ngwaga le ngwaga jwa Conservation Political Action Conference . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/in-a-first-atheist-activist-addresses-conservative-conference/2015/02/26/8c5447e0-bdfd-11e4-9dfb-03366e719af8_story.html|title=In a first, atheist activist addresses conservative conference|date=2015-02-26}}</ref>{{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240314102709/http://sparwithjamila.com/ Spar With Jamila] Archived [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] o9ixg5obaenzznoab5mqlsga8izzhzq 0 15158 56105 55957 2026-10-02T03:03:13Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56105 wikitext text/x-wiki '''August Wilson''' (ka '''Frederick August Kittel Jr.''' ;kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ka ngwaga wa 1945 – kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi , ka ngwaga wa 2005) e ne e le mokwadi wa motshameko wa tiragatso ya ditiragalo wa Moamerika. O bidiwa "mmoki wa bobogelo wa Amerika e Ntsho". <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Isherwood|first=Charles|date=October 3, 2005|title=August Wilson, Theater's Poet of Black America, Is Dead at 60 (Published 2005)|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/03/theater/newsandfeatures/august-wilson-theaters-poet-of-black-america-is-dead-at-60.html|access-date=October 12, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> O itsege thata ka motseletsele wa motshameko wa tiragatso ya ditiragalo di le lesome , tse di bidiwang mmogo [[:en:August_Wilson#The_Pittsburgh_Cycle|The Pittsburgh Cycle]] (kgotsa ''The Century Cycle'' ) '','' tse di kwalang ka maitemogelo le boswa jwa setšhaba sa Maaforika-Amerika mo lekgolong la masome a mabedi la dingwaga. Metshameko wa tiragatso ya ditiragalo mo motseletseleng o di akaretsa ''[[:en:Fences_(play)|Fences (Diterata)]]'' (ka ngwaga wa1987) le ''[[:en:The_Piano_Lesson|Thuto ya Piano]]'' (ka ngwaga wa 1990), tse nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e neng ya gapa Wilson [[:en:Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama|Mokgele wa Pulitzer wa Terama]], mmogo le ''[[:en:Ma_Rainey's_Black_Bottom|Black Bottom ya ga Ma Rainey]]'' ( ka ngwaga wa1984) le ''[[:en:Joe_Turner's_Come_and_Gone|ya ga Joe Turner ya Tla le go Tsamaya]]'' (1988). Ka ngwaga wa 2006, Wilson o ne a tsenngwa mo lefelong la Botumo jwa Bobogelo jwa Amerika . Ditlhogo tse dingwe di simolola ka tirisobotlhaswa ya thulaganyo le ya ditso ya Maaforika a Amerika, [[:en:Race_relations|dikamano tsa merafe]], boitshupo, go fuduga, le go tlhaolwa ka lotso. [[:en:Viola_Davis|Viola Davis]] o rile mokwalo wa ga Wilson "o tshwara metlae ya rona, makoa a rona, masetlapelo a rona, kgobalo ya rona. Mme o re dira batho. Mme o re letla go bua." <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 11, 2020 |title=Denzel Washington on bringing August Wilson's "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom" to the screen |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/denzel-washington-on-bringing-august-wilsons-ma-raineys-black-bottom-to-the-screen/ |access-date=December 24, 2020 |website=CBS News}}</ref> Fa e sa le Wilson a tlhokafala, metshameko ya go diragatsa ditiragalo ya gagwe e le tharo e ile ya fetolwa kgotsa a fetolwa gape go nna ditshwantso tse di tshikinyegang: ''[[:en:Fences_(film)|Diterata]]'' (ka ngwaga wa 2016), ''[[:en:Ma_Rainey's_Black_Bottom_(film)|Bontsho jo bo kotlase jwa ga Ma Rainey]]'' (ka ngwaga wa 2020) le ''[[:en:The_Piano_Lesson_(2024_film)|Thuto ya Piano]]'' (ka ngwaga wa 2024). [[:en:Denzel_Washington|Denzel Washington]] o disitse ditshwantso tse di tshikinyegang mme o ikanne go tsweletsa boswa jwa ga Wilson ka go fetola metshameko e e supang ditiragalo tse dingwe tsotlhe tsa gagwe go nna ditshwantso tse di tshikinyegang tsa bareetsi ba bantsi. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Gratzinger|first=Ollie|date=August 14, 2022|title=Denzel Washington Honors August Wilson's Legacy at House Opening|language=en-US|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/14/theater/august-wilson-house-denzel-washington.html|access-date=August 15, 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Washington o rile, "karolo e kgolo ya se se setseng sa tiro ya me ke go netefatsa gore Phatwe o a tlhokomelwa". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Lindsey |date=October 2, 2020 |title=Denzel Washington Wants Samuel L. Jackson to Star in Film of August Wilson's The Piano Lesson |url=https://www.broadway.com/buzz/199971/denzel-washington-wants-samuel-l-jackson-to-star-in-film-of-august-wilsons-the-piano-lesson/ |access-date=December 24, 2020 |website=Playbill}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa kwa tshimologong == Wilson o ne a tsholwa a bidiwa Frederick August Kittel Jr. kwa [[:en:Hill_District|Hill District]] kwa [[:en:Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania. E ne e le ngwana wa bone mo baneng ba le barataro. Rraagwe, Frederick August Kittel Sr., e ne e le mojaki wa kwa [[:en:Sudeten_Germans|Sudeten Germany]] yo o neng a dira tiro ya go apaya borotho le dikuku. Mmaagwe, Daisy Wilson, e ne e le mosadi wa Moamerika le Moafrika yo o neng a tswa kwa North Carolina mme a dira tiro ya go phepafatsa matlo gore a bone madi a go itshedisa.<ref name=":2">Isherwood, Charles (October 3, 2005). [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/03/theater/newsandfeatures/august-wilson-theaters-poet-of-black-america-is-dead-at-60.html "August Wilson, Theater's Poet of Black America, Is Dead at 60".] ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved April 21, 2026.</ref> Go ya ka ditiragalo tse di neng di anelwa mo lelapeng, nkokoagwe Wilson ka fa mmaagweng o ne a tsamaya ka dinao go tswa kwa North Carolina go ya kwa Pennsylvania a batla botshelo jo bo botoka. Mmaagwe Wilson o ne a godisa bana a le nosi go fitlha Wilson a nna le dingwaga di le tlhano mo ntlung ya matlhatlhagane e e nang le dikamore di le pedi kwa morago ga lebentlele la dijo kwa tseleng ya 1727 Bedford . Rraagwe o ne a sa bonale thata mo botshelong jwa gagwe jwa bongwana. Moragonyana, Wilson o ne a simolola go dirisa sefane sa ga mmaagwe mo dikwalong tsa gagwe. Baagisanyi ba ba neng e humanegile mo itsholelong kwa a neng a godisetswa teng e ne e na le batswakwa ba batho ba bantsho ba Amerika ba le bantsi, ba Bajuta le Ba-Italiana. Botshelo bo ne bo le bokete mo baneng ba ga Kittel ka gonne ba ne ba na le batsadi ba ditso tse di farologaneng. August o ne a thatafalelwa ke go itse gore o amana le setso sefe, mme ka lobaka lo loleele o ne a sa ikutlwe a amogelesegile ka botlalo mo setsong sa batho ba bantsho ba Amerika kgotsa mo setsong sa batho ba basweu go fitlhela nako ntse e tsamaa. Mmaagwe Wilson o ne a tlhalana le rraagwe mme a nyalwa ke David Bedford mo dingwageng tsa bo1950. Lelapa le ne la fuduga go tswa kwa Hill District go ya kwa [[:en:Hazelwood_(Pittsburgh)|Hazelwood]], e ka nako eo e neng e tletse batho ba basweu ba badiri. Kwa legaeng la bone le lesha, ba ne ba kopana le kgethololo ya semorafe. Batho ba ne ba latlhela maje a ditena mo fensetereng ya ntlo ya bone. Moragonyana ba ne ba patelediwa go tswa mo ntlong eo mme ba fudugela kwa legaeng le lengwe.<ref name=":3">Little, Johnathan (2000). [[iarchive:twentiethcentury228whea_0|''Twentieth-Century American Dramatists: Second Series''.]] [[:en:Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]]: Gale. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-3137-6|978-0-7876-3137-6]]</bdi>.</ref> Hill District moragonyana e ne ya nna lefelo le ditiragalo tsa bontsi jwa metshameko ya ''Pittsburgh Cycle'' di neng tsa diragalela kwa go lone. Maitemogelo a Wilson a go gola koo, mmogo le seabe se segolo sa mmaagwe mo lelapeng, di ne tsa ama tsela e a neng a kwala metshameko ya gagwe ka yone.<ref>Shannon, Sandra G. (1991). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44485235 "The Fences They Build: August Wilson's Depiction of African-American Women".] ''Obsidian II''. '''6''' (2): 1–17. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0888-4412 0888-4412]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44485235 44485235].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh - IMG 0789.jpg|thumb|letshwao la ditshwantso tsa motshikinyego la [https://web.archive.org/web/20150221232338/http://video.pbs.org/video/2365429059/ Beng ba Amerika, August Wilson: Lefatshe le ke emeng mo go lone, PBS], 1:24:39 <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150221232338/http://video.pbs.org/video/2365429059/ "American Masters, August Wilson: The Ground on Which I Stand"]. [[:en:PBS|PBS]]. February 20, 2012. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20150529220857/http://video.pbs.org/video/2365429059/ the original] on February 21, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.</ref>]] A godiseditswe mo tumelong ya Kereke ya Katoliki, ka ngwaga wa 1959, Wilson e ne e le mongwe wa baithuti ba le lesome le bonè ba Maaforika a Amerika kwa [[:en:Central_Catholic_High_School_(Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania)|sekolong se segolwane sa Central Catholic]] ,mme o ne a tlogela sekolo morago ga ngwaga o le mongwe.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Hartigan, Patti (August 3, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/03/theater/august-wilson-biography-patti-hartigan.html "The Playwright Who Changed the Face of American Theater"]. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved April 21, 2026.</ref> Morago ga moo, o ne a tsena kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Connelley Vocational , mme a fitlhela gore dithuto tsa teng di ne di se boima mo go ene. Ka ngwaga wa 1960, fa a ne a le mo mophatong wa bolesome, o ne a tlogela sekolo se segolwane sa Gladstone morago ga gore morutabana wa gagwe a mo latofatse ka gore o ne a [[:en:Plagiarism|dirisitse tiro ya motho yo mongwe jaaka ya gagwe]] e e neng e le pampiri ya ditsebe di le masome a mabedi e a neng a e kwadile ka [[:en:Napoleon_I_of_France|Napoleon wa Ntlha wa France]]. Wilson o ne a fitlha tshwetso ya gagwe mo go mmaagwe ka gonne o ne a sa batle go mo swabisa. Fa a ne a le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro, o ne a simolola go dira ditiro tse di sa tlhokeng bokgoni jo bo kgethegileng kwa a ne a kopana le batho ba le bantsi ba ba farologaneng, mme bangwe ba bone ba ne ba nna sekao sa baanelwa bangwe ba a neng a ba tlhama moragonyana, jaaka Sam mo go ''The Janitor'' ka ngwaga wa 1985.<ref name=":3" /> Wilson o ne a dirisa [[:en:Carnegie_Library_of_Pittsburgh|lefelo la dibuka le go bala la Carnegie la Pittsburgh]] thata, mme moragonyana lefelo leo a dibuka ya mo fa setlankana sa tlotlo sa go aloga kwa sekolong se segolwane. Wilson, yo o neng a re o ithutile go bala fa a ne a le dingwaga di le nne, o ne a simolola go bala dibuka tsa bakwadi ba Maaforika a Amerika kwa lefelong la dibuka fa a ne a le dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi a bo a fetsa dingwaga tsotlhe tse di neng tsa latela tsa bolesome a itshedisa ka kitso ka go bala dibuka tsa bakwadi ba ba jaaka [[:en:Ralph_Ellison|Ralph Ellison]], [[:en:Richard_Wright_(author)|Richard Wright]], [[:en:Langston_Hughes|Langston Hughes]], [[:en:Arna_Bontemps|Arna Bontemps]] le ba bangwe.<ref name=":3" /> == Tiro == === Dingwaga tsa bo1960 === Wilson o ne a itse gore o batla go nna mokwadi, mme se se ne sa baka go sa utlwane magareng ga gagwe le mmaagwe, yo o neng a batla gore e nne mmueledi. Mmaagwe o ne a mo pateletsa go tswa mo ntlong ya lelapa, mme ka ngwaga wa 1962 o ne a tsenela Sesole sa United States dingwaga di le tharo mme o ne a ntshiwa mo sesoleng morago ga ngwaga o le mongwe,<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/american-literature-biographies/august-wilson "August Wilson | Encyclopedia.com".] ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved January 9, 2024.</ref> mme a boela go dira ditiro tse di farologaneng tse di sa tlhokeng bokgoni jo bo kgethegileng, jaaka go rwala merwalo, go apaya dijo tse di apewang ka bonako, go dira mo tshingwaneng le go tlhatswa dijana. Frederick August Kittel Jr. o ne a fetola leina la gagwe a nna August Wilson go tlotla mmaagwe morago ga loso lwa ga rraagwe ka ngwaga wa 1965. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a lemoga pina a blues e e neng e opelwa ke [[:en:Bessie_Smith|Bessie Smith]], mme a reka motšhene wa go kwala ditlhaka o o utswilweng ka didolara di le lesome o gantsi a ne a o isa kwa bathong ba ba adimang madi ka dilo tse di tlhwatlhwa fa a tlhoka madi.<ref name=":4">Lyons, Bonnie; George Plimpton (Winter 1999). [http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/839/the-art-of-theater-no-14-august-wilson "August Wilson, The Art of Theater No. 14".] ''The Paris Review''. Winter 1999 (153).</ref> Fa a ne a le dingwaga di le masome a mabedi, o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya gore o batla go nna mmoki mme a romela mekwalo ya gagwe kwa dimakasineng tse di jaaka ''[[:en:Harper's_Magazine|Harper's]].'' O ne a simolola go kwala mo mabakeng, kwa lebentleleng la disikara la mo lefelong la gae le kwa mafelong a go nwang kofi. O ne a kwala ka seatla mo disalafaneng tsa mo tafoleng le mo dibukeng tse dinnye tsa pampiri e serolwana, a reetsa ka kelotlhoko tsela e batho ba ba mo dikologileng ba neng ba bua ka yone le go ithuta ka baanelwa ba bone. O ne a rata go kwala mo disalafaneng tsa mafelo a go nwang kofi ka gonne, jaaka a ne a tlhalosa, go ne go mo golola mme go mo thusa gore a se ka a ikgathatsa thata ka gore o kwala jang. Morago ga moo, o ne a phutha dintlha tse a neng a di kwadile mme a di kwala kwa gae.<ref name=":2" /> Wilson o ne a na le bokgoni jo bogolo jwa go lemoga le go tshwara dipuo tse di farologaneng le mekgwa e batho ba buang ka yone. O ne a na le kgopolo e e gakgamatsang, mme a e dirisa thata mo tirong ya gagwe. Fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, o ne a ithuta go se tlhakanye puo e a neng a e utlwa ka go e fetola kgotsa go e phimola fa a e tsenya mo mekwalong ya gagwe.<ref name=":4" /> [[Setshwantsho:PittsburghPaAWH2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:August_Wilson_House|Legae la ga Wilson la bongwana]] kwa Mmileng wa Bedford kwa Pittsburgh]] Lentswe la ga [[:en:Malcolm_X|Malcolm X]] le ne la nna le seabe se segolo mo botshelong le mo tirong ya Wilson, jaaka mo go The ''Ground on Which I Stand'' ya ngwaga wa 1996. [[:en:Nation_of_Islam|Setshaba sa Islam]], e khutshwafaditswe go nna NOI, le mokgatlho wa [[:en:Black_Power|Black Power]], tsotlhe di ne di bua le ene ka dilo tse di neng di le botlhokwa, jaaka go kgona go itshetsa, go itshireletsa le go [[:en:Self-determination|ikemisetsa]]. Gape o ne a rata dipolelo tsa kwa tshimologong ya batho le ditso tse [[:en:Elijah_Muhammad|Elijah Muhammad]] a neng a di ema nokeng. Ka ngwaga wa 1969, Wilson o ne a nyala Brenda Burton, yo e neng e le motho wa tumelo ya bo Muslim, mme a simolola go itsalanya le Setshaba sa Islam, le fa go begwa gore ga a ka a fetogela mo tumelong ya yone.<ref name=":5">[https://nycreligion.info/allah-broadway-august-wilsons-roots-nation-islam/ "From Allah to Broadway. August Wilson's roots in the Nation of Islam".] ''A Journey through NYC religions''. December 30, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2022.</ref> Ene Wilson le Brenda ba ne ba nna le morwadi a le mongwe, Sakina Ansari Wilson. Ba ne ba tlhalana ka ngwaga wa 1972.<ref name=":3" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1968, Wilson o ne a tlhoma [[:en:Black_Horizon_Theater|Bobogelo jwa Black Horizon]] mmogo le tsala ya gagwe [[:en:Rob_Penny|Rob Penny]], kwa [[:en:Hill_District_(Pittsburgh)|Kgaolo ya Dithaba ya Pittsburgh]].<ref name=":2" /> Tshameko ya ntlha ya Wilson, ''Recycling'' ''(Tiriso gape)'', e ne ya tshamekiwa fa pele ga batho kwa mafelong a mannye a ditshameko, dikolong le kwa mafelong a baagi ba nnang mo matlong a puso, mme motho o ne a duela disente di le masome a matlhano go tsena. Nngwe ya ditiro tsa gagwe tsa ntlha e ne e bidiwa [[:en:Jitney_(play)|''Jitney'']], e a neng a e baakanya gape morago ga dingwaga di feta masome a mabedi, e le karolo ya tatelano ya ditshameko e le lesome e e buang ka Pittsburgh mo lekgolong la bo20 la dingwaga.<ref name=":3" /> O ne a se na maitemogelo a go tsamaisa tshameko.<ref name=":2" /> O ne a gakologelwa a re: “Mongwe o ne a leba kwa le kwa mme a botsa a re, ‘Ke mang yo o tla tsamaisang tshameko?’ Ka fa are, ‘Ke tla o tsamaisa.’ Ke ne ka rialo ka gonne ke ne ke itse go dirisa lefelo la dibuka. Ka jalo, ke ne ka ya go batla buka e e buang ka tsela ya go tsamaisa tshameko. Ke ne ka bona nngwe e e neng e bidiwa ''The Fundamentals of Play Directing'' ''(Dilo tsa Motheo tsa go Kaela Motshameko)''<ref>Dean, Alexander; Carra, Lawrence (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4X4UAAAAQBAJ Fundamentals of Play Directing]'' (5th&#x20;ed.). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-57766-648-6|<bdi>978-1-57766-648-6</bdi>.]]</ref> mme ka e adima.”<ref name=":4" /> === Dingwaga tsa bo1970 === Ka ngwaga wa 1976, Vernell Lillie, yo o neng a tlhomile [[:en:Kuntu_Repertory_Theatre|Bobogelo jwa Kuntu]] kwa [[:en:University_of_Pittsburgh|Mmadikolo wa Pittsburgh]] dingwaga di le pedi pele ga moo, o ne a tsamaisa tshameko ya Wilson e e bidiwang ''The Homecoming'' ''(Go Boela Gae)''. Mo ngwageng oo gape, Wilson o ne a bona tshameko ya [[:en:Athol_Fugard|Athol Fugard]] e e bidiwang [[:en:Sizwe_Banzi_is_Dead|Sizwe Banzi is Dead]], e e neng e tshamekiwa kwa [[:en:Pittsburgh_Public_Theater|Bobogelo jwa Setšhaba jwa Pittsburgh]]. E ne e le lekgetlo la ntlha Wilson a tsena mo tshamekong e e neng e dirilwe ke batshameki ba ba tlhalihileng. Morago ga moo, Wilson, Penny le mmoki Maisha Baton ba ne ba tlhoma Kokoano ya go tlhabana botlhale ya Bakwadi ba Se-Kuntu, e e neng e kopanya bakwadi ba Maaforika a Amerika le go ba thusa gore mekwalo ya bone e gatisiwe le gore ditiro tsa bone di tlhagisiwe. Mekgatlho ka bobedi e sa ntse e dira le gompieno. Ka ngwaga wa 1978, Wilson o ne a fudugela kwa [[:en:Saint_Paul,_Minnesota|Saint Paul, Minnesota]], ka kgakololo ya tsala ya gagwe, Claude Purdy, yo e neng e le motsamaisi wa ditshameko yo ne a mo thusa go bona tiro ya go kwala mekwalo ya dithuto kwa [[:en:Science_Museum_of_Minnesota|lefelong la polokelo ya tsa maranyane a science wa Minnesota]].<ref name=":2" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1980, Wilson o ne a fiwa thuso ya madi ya go tsweletsa tiro ya gagwe kwa [[:en:The_Playwrights'_Center|Lefelong la Bakwadi ba Ditshameko]] kwa Minneapolis. O ne a tlogela tiro ya kwa lefelong la polokelo ka ngwaga wa 1981, mme a tswelela go kwala ditshameko. Mo dingwageng di le tharo, o ne a dira ka nakwana e le moapei kwa [[:en:Little_Brothers_of_the_Poor|Little Brothers of the Poor]]. Wilson o ne a nna le botsalano jo boleele le [[:en:Penumbra_Theatre_Company|Kompone ya bodiragatsi ya Penumbra]] kwa St. Paul, se kwa tshimologong se neng se tshegediwa ka [[:en:CETA_Employment_of_Artists_(1974-1981)|madi a thuso a puso go tswa mo lenaneong la puso la go tlhama ditiro le go thapisa batho]] [[:en:CETA_Employment_of_Artists_(1974-1981)|(Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) grant]]) se se ne sa tlhagisa dingwe tsa ditshameko tsa gagwe la ntlha. O ne a kwala ''Fullerton Street'', e e iseng e tshamekiwe kgotsa e gatisiwe ka ngwaga wa 1980. Tshameko e ne e bua ka ntwa ya mabole magareng ga [[:en:Joe_Louis_vs._Billy_Conn|Joe Louis le Billy Conn]] ka ngwaga wa 1941, mmogo le go latlhegelwa ke mekgwa le ditekanyetso tse di neng di le teng mo bathong morago ga [[:en:Great_Migration_(African_American)|Motsamao o Mogolo]] wa Maaforika a Amerika go tswa kwa borwa go ya kwa ditoropong tsa bokone jwa United States.<ref name=":3" /> === Dingwaga tsa bo1980 === Mo dingwageng tsotlhe tsa bo1980, Wilson o ne a kwala bontsi jwa ditiro tsa gagwe, go akaretsa [[:en:Jitney_(play)|''Jitney'']] ka ngwaga wa 1982, [[:en:Ma_Rainey's_Black_Bottom|''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom'']] ka ngwaga wa 1984, [[:en:Fences_(play)|''Fences'']] ka ngwaga wa 1985, [[:en:Joe_Turner's_Come_and_Gone|''Joe Turner's Come and Gone'']] ka ngwaga wa 1986, le [[:en:The_Piano_Lesson|''The Piano Lesson'']] ka ngwaga wa 1987. Ka ngwaga wa 1987, ramotse wa St. Paul, [[:en:George_Latimer_(Minnesota_politician)|George Latimer,]] o ne a bitsa letsatsi la masome a mabedi le bosupa la Motsheganong “Letsatsi la August Wilson”. O ne a tlotliwa ka gonne e ne e le ene fela motho yo o tswang kwa Minnesota yo o kileng a fenya [[:en:Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama|Sekgele sa Pulitzer sa Ditshameko]].<ref name=":3" /> === Dingwaga tsa bo1990 === Ka ngwaga wa 1990, Wilson o ne a tlogela St. Paul morago ga go tlhalana mme a fudugela kwa [[:en:Seattle|Seattle]]. O ne a nna le botsalano le [[:en:Seattle_Repertory_Theatre|Bobogelo jwa Bodiragatsi tsa Seattle]], se se neng sa tlhagisa tikologo yotlhe ya gagwe ya ditshameko di le lesome, mmogo le tshameko ya gagwe ya motho a le mongwe e e bidiwang ''How I Learned What I Learned''.<ref name=":3" /> Le fa Wilson e ne e le mokwadi yo o neng a ineetse mo go kwaleleng ditshameko tsa serala, kompone ya Hollywood e ne ya akantsha go dira setshwantsho se se tsamayang sa tshameko ya gagwe ''Fences''. O ne a gatelela gore motsamaisi wa Moafrika wa Amerika a thapiwe go tsamaisa setshwantsho seo, a re: “Ke ne ka gana motsamaisi yo o mosweu, e seng ka ntlha ya lotso, mme ka ntlha ya ngwao. Batsamaisi ba basweu ga ba na kitso e e tlhokegang go dira tiro e. Tiro e tlhoka motho yo o itseng ngwao ya Maaforika a Amerika ka botlalo.” Setshwantsho se se tsamayang se ne sa se ka sa dirwa go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2016, fa [[:en:Denzel_Washington|Denzel Washington]] a ne tsamaisa sa [[:en:Fences_(film)|''Fences'']], e e tshamekiwang ke Washington le [[:en:Viola_Davis|Viola Davis]]. E ne ya dira gore Wilson a tlhophiwe go bona Oscar morago ga loso lwa gagwe.<ref>Viagas, Robert (April 22, 2016). [http://www.playbill.com/article/denzel-washington-39-s-fences-film-begins-shooting-today-com-382902 "Denzel Washington's Fences Film Begins Shooting Today"]. ''Playbill''. Retrieved April 25, 2016.</ref> Wilson o ne a fiwa dikwalo di le dintsi tsa tlotlo tsa go aloga, go akaretsa lokwalo la tlotlo la bongaka mo dithutong tsa botho le a neng a le fiwa ke Mmadikolo kwa Pittsburgh. O ne a le leloko la boto ya batsamaisi ya mmadikolo eo go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1995.<ref>Steele, Bruce (October 10, 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20060902071459/http://www.umc.pitt.edu/media/pcc051010/august_wilson_2005OCT10.html "Remembering August Wilson 1945–2005"]. ''The Pitt Chronicle''. The University of Pittsburgh. Archived from [http://www.umc.pitt.edu/media/pcc051010/august_wilson_2005OCT10.html the original] on September 2, 2006. Retrieved October 1, 2008.</ref> Wilson o ne a nna le lentswe le le nonofileng mo kgatelopeleng le mo tsweletsong ya ditshameko tsa Maaforika a Amerika tsa nako eo go sena pelaelo gore o ne a tlhotlhelediwa ke dilo tse a neng a di bona fa a sa ntse a gola, go akaretsa tse di neng tsa bontshiwa mo [[:en:Black_Arts_Movement|Mokgatlhong wa]] [[:en:Black_Arts_Movement|Botsweretshi jwa Bantsho]]. Sekai se sengwe se se botlhokwa sa megopolo le ditshwayotshwayo tsa Wilson ka seemo sa ditshameko tsa Maaforika a Amerika mo dingwageng tsa bo1990 e ne e le puisano e e neng e bidiwa “On Cultural Power: The August Wilson/Robert Brustein Discussion”. mo Wilson o ne a ganetsa gore go nne le lefelo la ditshameko tsa Maaforika a Amerika le le dirwang ka botlalo ke batho ba bantsho, mme maemo otlhe mo ditshamekong tseo a tserwe ke bone. Gape o ne a re batshameki ba batho bantsho ga ba a tshwanela go tshameka baanelwa ba ba sa kwalelwang batho ba bantsho, jaaka Hamlet. Robert Brustein ene o ne a ganetsa pono ya Wilson ka thata. === Dingwaga tsa bo2000 === Ka ngwaga wa 2005, karolo ya bofelo ya ga Wilson mo motseletseleng wa gagwe wa dikarolo di le lesome ya ''The Century Cycle'', e e bidiwang ''Radio Golf'', e ne ya bulwa. E ne ya diragadiwa la ntlha ka ngwaga 2005 ke [[:en:Yale_Repertory_Theatre|Bobogelo jwa Yale]] kwa [[:en:New_Haven,_Connecticut|New Haven, kwa Connecticut]] mme e ne ya bontshiwa lekgetlo la ntlha kwa [[:en:Broadway_theatre|Broadway]] ka ngwaga wa 2007 kwa [[:en:James_Earl_Jones_Theatre|Bobogelong jwa Cort]]. E ne e tla itsege jaaka tiro ya bofelo ya ga Wilson.<ref>Brantley, Ben (May 9, 2007). [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/09/theater/reviews/09radio.html "In the Rush to Progress, the Past Is Never Too Far Behind".] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved March 15, 2017.</ref> == Mokgatlho wa Botsweretshi jwa Morago ga Bantsho == Le fa tiro ya ga Wilson e sa amogelwe semmuso mo teng ga lenaane la dikwalo tsa [[:en:Black_Arts_Movement|Mokgatlho wa Botsweretshi jwa Bantsho,]] ruri e ne e le setlhagiswa sa thomo ya one, a simolola mmogo le Bobogelo jwa Black Horizon kwa toropong ya gaabo ya Pittsburgh ka ngwaga 1968. E le mo Sedikeng sa Hill sa Pittsburgh, e leng lefelo le le nang le ditso e bile le le nang le Bantsho thata, Bobogelo jwa Black Horizon e ne ya nna lefelo la setso la boitlhamedi jwa Bantsho le go aga setšhaba.<ref>Greenwood, Jill King (March 16, 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150330065955/https://www.chronicle.pitt.edu/story/august-wilson-and-black-horizon-theatre "August Wilson and Black Horizon Theatre"]. ''Pitt Chronicle''. University of Pittsburgh. Archived from [https://www.chronicle.pitt.edu/story/august-wilson-and-black-horizon-theatre the original] on March 30, 2015. Retrieved February 27, 2026.</ref> Jaaka mokwadi wa metshameko wa se se tsewang jaaka Mokgatlho wa Botsweretshi jwa Morago ga Bantsho, Wilson o ne a amoga mowa wa BAM, a tlhagisa metshameko e e neng di keteka ditso le maikutlo a poko a batho ba Bantsho. Modikologo wa gagwe wa Lekgolo la Dingwaga o o tumileng o ne wa latedisa le go kopanya ka katlego maitemogelo a Bantsho ba Amerika mo lekgolong la bo20 la dingwaga, a dirisa ngwagasome mongwe le mongwe wa ditso, go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1904 go ya ko ngwageng wa 1997, go kwala maiteko a mmele, maikutlo, tlhaloganyo, le a sepolotiki a botshelo jwa Bantsho morago ga kgololesego.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190330061115/http://www.august-wilson-theatre.com/plays.php "August Wilson, Pulitzer winning playwright: Plays"]. ''www.august-wilson-theatre.com''. Retrieved March 23, 2019.</ref> Metshameko e itsegeng thata tsa ga Wilson ke [[:en:Fences_(play)|''Fences'']] (ka ngwaga wa 1985) (e e neng ya gapa [[:en:Pulitzer_Prize|Kabelo ya Pulitzer]] le [[:en:Tony_Award|Sekgele sa Tony]]), [[:en:The_Piano_Lesson|(''The Piano Lesson) Thuto ya Piano'']] ( ka ngwaga wa 1990) (Mokgele wa Pulitzer le Sekgele sa Sediko sa Batshwayadiphoso ba Terama ya New York), [[:en:Ma_Rainey's_Black_Bottom|(''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom)''Black Bottom ya ga Ma Rainey,]] le ([[:en:Joe_Turner's_Come_and_Gone|''Joe Turner's Come and Gone)'' Tla le Tsamaya ya ga Joe Turner]]. Wilson o boletse gore o ne a tlhotlhelediwa thata ke "di-B tse nne": mmino wa blues, mokwadi le [[:en:Argentine|Argentina]] le mmoki wa [[:en:Jorge_Luis_Borges|Jorge Luis Borges]], mokwadi wa metshameko [[:en:Amiri_Baraka|Amiri Baraka]] le motaki [[:en:Romare_Bearden|Romare Bearden]].<ref name=":2" /> O ne a tswelela ka go oketsa bakwadi [[:en:Ed_Bullins|Ed Bullins]] le [[:en:James_Baldwin|James Baldwin]] mo lenaneong leo. O ne a lemotsha jaana: Go tswa go Borges, dikgang tseo tse di gakgamatsang tsa gaucho tse ke ithutileng mo go tsone gore o ka tlhamalatsa nako le lefelo le setso mme o sa ntse o na le tiro e e utlwalang le ditlhogo tsa lobopo lotlhe tsa lorato, tlotlo, tiro, go oka, jj. Go tswa go Amiri Baraka, ke ithutile gore botaki jotlhe ke jwa sepolotiki, le fa ke sa kwale metshameko ya sepolotiki. Go tswa go Romare Bearden ke ne ka ithuta gore botlalo le khumo ya botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi bo ka ranolwa kwantle ga go ineela kgotsa go nna le maikutlo.<ref name=":2" /> O ne a tsaya Bullins le Baldwin ba le botlhokwa ka ntlha ya dipontsho tsa bone tse di ikanyegang tsa botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi.<ref name=":4" /> Fela jaaka Bearden, Wilson o ne a dira ka mekgwa ya go kwala: "Ke leka go dira gore metshameko yame e lekane le dikanvas tsa gagwe. Fa ke tlhama metshameko gantsi ke dirisa setshwantsho sa pitsa ya go apaya e mo go yone ke latlhelang dilo tse di farologaneng tse ke tlileng go di dirisa—katse e ntsho, tshingwana, sethunya sa baesekele, monna yo o nang le lebadi mo sefatlhegong sa gagwe se se nang le ,." Moanelwamogolo wa monna mo ''Kgamelong ya Dijo tsa Motshegare'' ya ga Bearden’s Mill Hand o ne a tlhotlheletsa moanelwa wa ga Herald Loomis mo go Come and Gone ya ga Joe Turner.<ref>Phillips, Maya (July 24, 2026). [https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/24/theater/romare-bearden-august-wilson-joe-turners-come-gone.html "The Piece of Art That Inspired One of Theater's Greatest Works".] ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved August 4, 2026.</ref> Mo bokaong jwa tiro ya gagwe, Wilson o ne a bolela jaana: Ke kile ka kwala kgangkhutshwe e e bidiwang "Seopedi se se Gaisang sa Blues mo Lefatsheng", mme e ne ya tsamaya jaana—"Mebila e Balboa a neng a tsamaya mo go yone e ne e le lewatle la gagwe la sephiri, mme Balboa o ne a nwela." Bokhutlo jwa kgang. Seo se bua tsotlhe. Ga gona sepe se sengwe se nka se buang. Ke ntse ke kwala kgang eo gape gangwe le gape. Metshameko yotlhe yame e kwala gape yone kgang eo.<ref name=":4" /> === ''Modikologo wa Pittsburgh'' === ''Setlhogo se segolo: [[:en:The_Pittsburgh_Cycle|Modikologo wa Pittsburgh]]'' Modikologo wa Pittsburgh wa ga Wilson,<ref>[https://www.biography.com/news/august-wilson-pittsburgh-cycle-century-cycle-plays-summary "August Wilson's 'Pittsburgh Cycle' Plays".] June 3, 2020.</ref> o gantsi o bidiwang Modikologo wa gagwe wa ''Lekgolo la Dingwaga,''<ref>[http://www.marintheatre.org/productions/fences/fences-august-wilsons-century-cycle "10 Plays, 100 Years – Playwright August Wilson Reveals the History of a Community (From the Playbill)"]</ref> o na le metshameko e le lesome, tse borobabongwe tsa tsone di beilweng kwa Kgaolong ya Dithaba ya Pittsburgh (e nngwe e beilwe kwa Chicago), e leng [[:en:African-American_neighborhood|lefelo la Maaforika-Amerika]] le le tsayang bokao jwa dikwalo jwa mainane jaaka jwa ga jaaka [[:en:Thomas_Hardy's_Wessex|Wessex ya ga Thomas Hardy]], [[:en:Yoknapatawpha_County|Kgaolo ya Yoknapatawpha]] ya ga [[:en:William_Faulkner|William Faulkner]] kgotsa [[:en:Ballybeg_(fictional_town)|Ballybeg]] ya ga mokwadi wa diterama wa Mo-Ireland e bong [[:en:Brian_Friel|Brian Friel]]. Metshameko e e beilwe mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di farologaneng mme di ikaelela go thala maitemogelo a Bantsho mo ngwagakgolong wa bo 20 le go "tsosa tlhaloganyo ka bobogelo" le go boeletsa "poko ka puo ya letsatsi le letsatsi ya Bantsho ba Amerika".<ref name=":4" /> Mokwalo wa gagwe wa maitemogelo a Bantsho ka metlha o ne o bontsha baanelwa ba ba nonofileng ba basadi mme ka dinako tse dingwe o ne o akaretsa dintlha tsa dilo tse di fetang tsa tlholego. Mo bukeng ya gagwe, o ne a kwala jaana "Mmè ke mosadi yo o nonofileng thata, yo o nang le melaometheo. Baanelwa ba me ba basadi . . . ba tswa mo go mmè ka bontsi."<ref>Wilson, August (2001). ''The Ground on which I Stand''. Theatre Communications Group. p.&#x20;151. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1559361873|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1559361873|978-1559361873]]</bdi>.</ref> Fa e le ka ntlha tsa dilo tse di fetang tsa tlholego, Wilson gantsi o ne a bontsha mofuta mongwe wa tumelobotlhodi kgotsa ngwao ya bogologolo mo metshamekong e e neng e tswa kwa medirong e e fetang ya tlholego.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/august-wilson-the-ground-on-which-i-stand-august-wilsonbiography-and-career-timeline/3683/ "August Wilson: The Ground on Which I Stand | Biography and Timeline | American Masters". ''American Masters''.] January 28, 2015. Retrieved April 8, 2020.</ref> Nngwe ya metshameko ya gagwe ye e itsegeng thata ka go tlhagisa se ke ''The Piano Lesson''. Mo motshamekong, go dirisiwa piano mme e golola meya ya bagologolwane. Wilson o ne a batla go tlhama tiragalo e e ntseng jalo mo terameng mo e leng gore bareetsi ba ne ba tlogelwa fela go swetsa gore ke eng se e leng sa mmatota kgotsa nnyaa. O ne a kgatlhilwe ke maatla a bobogelo jaaka sediriswa se mo go sone setšhaba ka kakaretso se neng se ka kopana mmogo go neela bosupi jwa ditiragalo le makhubu a a diragalang.<ref name=":4" /> Wilson o ne a bolelela [[:en:The_Paris_Review|''Tlhatlhobo ya Paris jaana'']]: Ke akanya gore metshameko yame e fa (Maamerika a Basweu) tsela e e farologaneng ya go leba Maamerika a Bantsho. Sekao, mo go ''Fences'' ba bona motlhokomedi wa matlakala, motho yo tota ba sa mo lebeng, le fa ba bona motlhokomedi wa matlakala letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka go leba botshelo jwa ga Troy, Basweu ba fitlhela gore diteng tsa botshelo jwa monna yo wa matlakala yo wa Montsho di amiwa ke dilo tse di tshwanang – lorato, tlotlo, bontle, go oka, tiro. Go lemoga gore dilo tse ke karolo ya botshelo jwa gagwe fela jaaka jwa bona go ka ama ka fao ba akanyang ka teng le go dirisana le Bantsho mo matshelong a bona.<ref name=":2" /> Le fa metshameko ya modikologo di sa golaganngwa thata le selekanyo sa kgang ya tatelano, baanelwa bangwe ba tlhagelela (mo dingwageng tse di farologaneng) mo metshamekong e e fetang bongwe tsa modikologo. Bana ba baanelwa ba metshameko ya pele ba ka nna ba tlhagelela mo metshamekong ya morago. Moanelwa yo o umakiwang thata mo modikologong ono ke Rakgadi Ester, "motlhatswi wa mewa". Go begwa fa a na le dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a borobabobedi le botlhano mo motshamekong wa [[:en:Gem_of_the_Ocean|''Gem of the Ocean'']], e e diragalang kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa mmileng wa 1839 Wylie , le makgolo a le mararo le masome a le mane le borobabongwe mo [[:en:Two_Trains_Running|''Ditereneng tse Pedi tse di Tsamayang'']]. O tlhokafala ka ngwaga 1985, ka nako ya ditiragalo tsa ga [[:en:King_Hedley_II|''Kgosi Hedley II.'']] Bontsi jwa tiro ya [[:en:Radio_Golf|''Radio Golf'']] e dikologa leano la go thuba le go tlhabolola ntlo eo sešwa, dingwaga di le mmalwa morago ga loso lwa gagwe. Rakgadi Ester ke motho wa tshwantshetso le yo o ipoeletsang yo o emelang kgaratlho ya Maaforika le Maamerika. "Ga se makgolo a mararo a dingwaga mme ke tatelano ya baperesiti ba basadi ba setso... o akaretsa ditso tse di bokete tsa masetlapelo le phenyo".<ref>Rawson, Christopher (November 9, 2009). [https://www.post-gazette.com/ae/theater-dance/2009/11/09/August-Wilson-s-mythic-character-Aunt-Ester-explored-in-theater-festival/stories/200911090252 "August Wilson's mythic character Aunt Ester explored in theater festival"]. ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''. Retrieved April 8, 2020.</ref> Gantsi metshameko e e akaretsa moanelwa yo go lebegang a sa itekanela sentle mo tlhaloganyong (yo o farologaneng mo metshamekong mengwe le mengwe)—ka sekai, Hedley Sr. mo go [[:en:Seven_Guitars|''Seven Guitars'']], Gabriel mo go [[:en:Fences_(play)|''Fences'']], Stool Pigeon mo go Kgosi Hedley wa bobedi, kgotsa Hambone mo go ''Two Trains Running''. Lefelo la metshameko la Goodman la Chicago e ne e le bobogelo jwa ntlha mo lefatsheng go tlhagisa modikologo otlhe wa metshameko e le lesome, mo ditlhagisong tse di neng tsa simolola ka ngwaga wa 1986 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2007. Ditlhagiso tse pedi tsa ga Goodman—''Seven Guitars'' ''(Dikatara tse supa)'' le ''Gem of the Ocean'' ''(Lejwe la lewatle)''—e ne e le dipontsho tsa ntlha tsa lefatshe.<ref>Houlihan, Mary (January 8, 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20141006081959/http://www.suntimes.com/entertainment/stage/24839663-421/story.html "Court Theatre stages August Wilson's 'Seven Guitars'"]. [[:en:Chicago_Sun-Times|''Chicago Sun-Times''.]]</ref> [[:en:Israel_Hicks|Israel Hicks]] o ne a tlhagisa modikologo otlhe wa metshameko e le lesome go tloga ka ngwaga wa1990 go ya ko ngwageng wa 2009 mo [[:en:Denver_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts#Entities_of_the_DCPA|komponeng ya Bobogelo ya Denver Center]].<ref>Weber, Bruce (July 7, 2010). [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/08/theater/08hicks.html "Israel Hicks, Director of August Wilson's Cycle, Dies at 66".] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved July 8, 2010.</ref>[[:en:Geva_Theatre_Center|Lefelo la Bobogelo la Geva]] le ne la tlhagisa metshameko yotlhe e le lesome ka tatelano ya dingwaga di le lesome go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2007 go ya ko ngwageng wa 2011 e le Lekgolo la Dingwaga la Amerika la ga August Wilson. [[:en:Huntington_Theatre_Company|Kompone ya Bobogelo ya Huntington]] ya [[:en:Boston|Boston]] e tlhagisitse metshameko yotlhe e le lesome, mme ya fetsa ka ngwaga wa 2012. Mo botshelong jwa ga Wilson o ne a dirisana mmogo le The Huntington go tlhagisa metshameko ya moragonyana. [[:en:Pittsburgh_Public_Theater|Bobogelo jwa Setšhaba jwa Pittsburgh]] e ne e le kompone ya ntlha ya bobogelo kwa Pittsburgh go tlhagisa Modikologo otlhe wa Lekgolo la Dingwaga, go akaretsa le pontsho ya ntlha ya lefatshe ya ga [[:en:King_Hedley_II|''Kgosi Hedley'']] [[:en:King_Hedley_II|''wa bobedi'']] go bula [[:en:O'Reilly_Theater|Bobogelo jwa O'Reilly]] kwa [[:en:Downtown_Pittsburgh|Toropong ya Pittsburgh]].<ref>Isenberg, Robert (October 2, 2008). [http://www.pghcitypaper.com/pittsburgh/the-final-installment-of-august-wilsons-epic-pittsburgh-cycle-premieres-at-the-public/Content?oid=1340845 "The final installment of August Wilson's epic Pittsburgh Cycle premieres at the Public"]. ''Pittsburgh City Paper''.</ref> TAG – Setlhopha sa Badiragatsi, kwa Honolulu, Hawaii, se ne sa tlhagisa metshameko yotlhe e le lesome mo modikologong ono go simolola ka 2004 ka ''T(wo Trains Running'' )''Diterena tse Pedi tse di Tsamayang'' mme tsa felela ka ngwaga wa 2015 ka ''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom'' ''(Black Bottom ya ga Ma Rainey)''. Dipontsho tsotlhe e ne e le dipontsho tsa ntlha tsa kwa Hawaii, tsotlhe di ne tsa atlega thata mo lebokosong mme tsa bona dikabelo tse dintsi tsa bobogelo jwa lefelo leo tsa badiragatsi le mokgatlho. Moemedi wa Bantsho kwa St. Louis le Bobogelo jwa Baagi jwa Anthony Bean kwa New Orleans le tsone di tlhagisitse modikologo o o feletseng. Mo dingwageng tse di neng tsa latela loso lwa Wilson, letoto la metshameko e le lesome le ne la simolola go bidiwa ''Modikologo wa Ngwagakgolo wa ga August Wilson'',<ref>Wilson, August (2007). ''August Wilson Century Cycle''. Theatre Communications Group. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1559363075|978-1559363075]]</bdi>.</ref> gape la bidiwa ''American Century Cycle'', e leng letoto la ditshameko tse di buang ka lekgolo la dingwaga la Amerika.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200130080853/http://www.openculture.com/2015/05/listen-to-playwright-august-wilsons-american-century-cycle-in-its-entirety-10-free-plays.html "Listen to Playwright August Wilson's American Century Cycle in Its Entirety: 10 Free Plays"]. ''Open Culture''.</ref> Dingwaga di le pedi pele ga loso lwa gagwe ka ngwaga wa 2005, Wilson o ne a kwala le go tshameka tshameko e e iseng e gatisiwe ya motho a le mongwe e e bidiwang ''How I Learned What I Learned'' e e neng e bua ka maatla a bonono le maatla a ditshono tse di ka nnang teng. E ne ya tlhagisiwa kwa lefelong la metshameko le le bidiwang Signature kwa New York mme ya tsamaisiwa ke Todd Kreidler, yo e neng e le tsala ya Wilson le motho yo a neng a mo ruta le go mo kaela mo tirong ya gagwe. ''How I Learned'' e ne e bua ka malatsi a Wilson a a neng a a tshela e le mokwadi yo mosha yo o neng a sokola kwa Hill District kwa Pittsburgh, le kafa lefelo leo le batho ba lone ba neng ba mo tlhotlheletsa ka teng go kwala tikologo ya ditshameko tsa gagwe tse di buang ka maitemogelo a Maaforika a Amerika.<ref>[https://publictheater.culturaldistrict.org/production/40795/how-i-learned-what-i-learned "How I Learned What I Learned"]. ''publictheater.culturaldistrict.org''. Retrieved September 24, 2015.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Wilson o nyetse gararo. Lenyalo la gagwe la ntlha e ne e le le Brenda Burton, go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1969 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1972. Ba ne ba nna le morwadi a le mongwe, Sakina Ansari, yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1970. Ka ngwaga wa 1981, o ne a nyala Judy Oliver, yo e neng e le modiredi wa loago, e leng motho yo o thusang batho le malapa a a nang le mathata a botshelo. Ba ne ba tlhalana ka ngwaga wa 1990. O ne a nyala gape ka ngwaga wa 1994 mme o ne a tlogelwa ke mosadi wa gagwe wa boraro, [https://publictheater.culturaldistrict.org/production/40795/how-i-learned-what-i-learned Constanza Romero], yo e neng e le motlhami wa diaparo tsa batshameki, e leng motho yo o rulaganyang le go tlhama diaparo tse di dirisiwang mo ditshamekong yo ba kopaneng mo tiragalong e neng go dirwa motshameko wa ''[[:en:The_Piano_Lesson|The Piano Lesson]]''. Ba ne ba nna le morwadi a le mongwe, ebong Azula Carmen Wilson.<ref name=":2" /> Wilson gape o ne a tlogelwa ke bomonnawe le bomorwarraagwe, e leng Freda Ellis, Barbara Jean Wilson, Linda Jean Kittel, Richard Kittel, Donna Conley le Edwin Kittel.<ref name=":1" /> == Loso == Wilson o ne a bolela gore o ne a lemogilwe a na le [[:en:Hepatocellular_carcinoma|kankere ya sebete]] ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa 2005, mme a bolelelwa gore o ne a ka tshela dikgwedi di le tharo go ya go di le tlhano. O ne a tlhokafala a na le dingwaga di le masome a marataro ka letsatsi la bobedi la Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2005, kwa [[:en:Swedish_Medical_Center|Lefelo la Kalafi la Sweden]] kwa Seattle a bo a fitlhelwa kwa [[:en:Greenwood_Cemetery,_Pittsburgh|mabitleng a Greenwood kwa Pittsburgh]] ka letsatsi la borobabobedi la Phalane.<ref>Wilson, Scott; Mank, Gregory W. (forward) (2016). "Wilson, August #13712". ''Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons'' (3rd&#x20;ed.). McFarland & Company, Inc. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0786479924|978-0786479924]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/948561021 948561021].</ref> Go begilwe gore o ne a kopile gore go tshwarwe phitlho ya batho ba Maaforika a Amerika kwa [[:en:Saint_Paul_Cathedral_(Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania)|Kerekeng ya Saint Paul]]. Le fa go ntse jalo, puso ya kereke ya lefelo leo e ne ya se ka ya fa tetla ya gore go tshwarwe phitlho ya motho yo e seng wa tumelo ya Katoliki. Ka jalo, go ne ga tshwarwa tirelo ya segopotso kwa [[:en:University_of_Pittsburgh|mmadikolong wa Pittsburgh]].<ref name=":5" /> == Boswa le ditlotlo == Ntlo e Wilson a goletseng mo go yone mmogo le bomonnawe le bomorwarraagwe ba le barataro, e e neng e le kwa Mmilaeng wa Bedford wa 1727 kwa Pittsburgh, e ne ya itsisiwe semmuso e le lefelo la botlhokwa la ditso ke Puso ya Pennsylvania ka letsatsi la masome a mararo la Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa 2007.<ref>Associated Press (May 31, 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071114160729/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/breaking/s_510207.html "State Memorializes August Wilson's Childhood Home"]. ''Pittsburgh Tribune-Review''. Archived from [http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/breaking/s_510207.html the original] on November 14, 2007. Retrieved October 3, 2008.</ref> Ka letsatsi la masome a mabedi le borataro la Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2008, [[:en:Pittsburgh_City_Council|Lekgotla la Motse wa Pittsburgh]] le ne la tsenya ntlo e mo [[:en:List_of_City_of_Pittsburgh_historic_designations|lenaaneng la mafelo a]] [[:en:List_of_City_of_Pittsburgh_historic_designations|ditso a a sireleditsweng]] ke motse wa Pittsburgh. Ka letsatsi la masome a mararo la Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2013, [[:en:August_Wilson_House|Ntlo ya August Wilson]] e ne ya tsenngwa mo [[:en:National_Register_of_Historic_Places|Lenaaneng la Bosetšhaba la Mafelo a]] [[:en:National_Register_of_Historic_Places|Ditso]]. Kwa Pittsburgh go na le [[:en:August_Wilson_Center_for_African_American_Culture|Lefelo la August Wilson la Setso sa Maaforika a Amerika.]] Lefelo le le na le pontsho e e nnetseng ruri e e buang ka botshelo jwa Wilson kwa Hill District kwa Pittsburgh, e e bidiwang “August Wilson: A Writer's Landscape”, e leng pontsho e e bontshang botshelo le tiro ya gagwe jaaka mokwadi.<ref>[https://awaacc.org/explore-and-visit/ "Explore and Visit \ The August Wilson African American Cultural Center"]. ''The August Wilson African American Cultural Center''. Retrieved December 4, 2023.</ref> Ka letsatsi la lesome le borataro la Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2005, malatsi a le lesome le bonè morago ga loso lwa Wilson, Lefelo la Bobogelo la Virginia kwa Kgaolong ya Bobogelo le Broadway kwa Toropong ya New York bo ne jwa bidiwa Bobogelo jwa August Wilson. E ne e le lefelo la ntlha la ditshameko la Broadway le le neng la tewa leina la motho wa Moafrika wa Amerika.<ref>Jesse McKinley (September 2, 2005). [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/02/nyregion/02theater.html "Theater Is to Be Renamed for a Dying Playwright".] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved December 21, 2008.</ref> Lefelo leo la ditshameko le ne la tshameka ditshameko di le dintsi, go akaretsa ''Jersey Boys, Groundhog Day'' le ''Mean Girls''.<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/venue/august-wilson-theatre-vault-0000000162 "August Wilson Theatre".] ''Playbill''. Retrieved April 8, 2020.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2007, [[:en:Kenny_Leon'|Kenny Leon]], yo e neng e le motsamaisi wa bonono wa True Colors yo o neng a setse a tlogetse maemo ao, le Todd Kreidler, yo ka nako eo e neng e le mothusi wa motsamaisi wa bonono, ba ne ba tlhoma Kgaisano ya Bosetšhaba ya Dipuo tsa Ditshameko tsa August Wilson go tlotla boswa jwa bonono jwa Wilson le go rotloetsa kokomana e ntšha ya batho ba ba nang le bokgoni jwa go tlhama. Baithuti ba dikolo tse dikgolo, ba ba neng ba thusiwa ke batshameki ba ba nang le maitemogelo, bagakolodi, barutabana ba ditshameko ba mo mafelong a bone le batho ba bangwe, ba ne ba ithuta puo e e buiwang ke moanelwa mongwe mo tshamekong ya Wilson mme ba e tshameka fa pele ga baatlhodi ba ba nang le maitemogelo. Tlotlo e e neng e fiwa Wilson ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe e ne ya nna kgaisano e e semmuso mo ditoropong di le dintsi tsa Amerika go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2021, fa e ne e tshwarwa ka inthanete ka ntlha ya Covid. Ditoropo tseo di ne di akaretsa Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, East Lansing, Greensboro, Hampton Roads, Los Angeles, Maryland, Milwaukee, New Haven, New York, Pittsburgh, Portland, San Diego, Seattle le Urbana-Champaign. Bafenyi ba kgaisano ya bosetšhaba ba ne ba fiwa madi a go ba thusa mo dithutong le tshono ya go tshameka kwa Broadway. Lenaneo le ne la tlhagisiwa mo ditshwantshong tse pedi tse di tsamayang tsa mofuta wa metshameko e tshikinyegang tse di buang ka kgang ya mmantota. Sa ntlha e ne e le ''The Start of Dreams'' ka ngwaga wa 2010, se se neng sa tsamaisiwa ke The Horne Brothers. Sa bobedi e ne e le [[:en:Giving_Voice|Giving Voice]] ka ngwaga wa 2018, se se neng sa tsamaisiwa ke James D. Stern le Fernando Villena.<ref>[https://www.pcs.org/events/august-wilson-monologue-competition "August Wilson Monologue Competition"]. ''Portland Center Stage at the Armory''. 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://truecolorstheatre.org/august-wilson-monologue-competition/ "National August Wilson Monologue Competition"]. ''True Colors Theatre Company''. 2021. Retrieved July 2, 2025.</ref> Kwa Seattle, Washington, mo letlhakoreng le le kwa borwa la Setlhopha sa Ditshameko sa Seattle, tsela ya Republican Street e e neng e sa tlhole e dirisiwa, magareng ga Warren Avenue N. le 2nd Avenue N. mo lefelong la [[:en:Seattle_Center|Seattle Center]], e ne ya reelelwa leina la August Wilson Way.<ref>Kathy Mulady (June 12, 2007). [http://www.seattlepi.com/local/319432_center12.html "Visions For a New Seattle Center Being Made Public".] ''The Seattle Post-Intelligencer''. Retrieved October 5, 2008.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2015, Denzel Washington o ne a itsise gore o dirile tumalano le ba lelapa la Wilson gore ba dire ditshwantsho tse di tshikinyegang tse di theilweng mo metshamekong yotlhe e le lesome ya Motseletsele wa Lekgolo la Dingwaga. Kwa tshimologong, ba ne ba rulaganya go dira setshwantsho se le sengwe ngwaga mongwe le mongwe, mmogo le Todd Black, yo e neng e le molekane wa gagwe wa nako e telele mo go direng ditshwantsho tse di tshikinyegang. Ka ngwaga wa 2016, Washington o ne a tsamaisa le go dira setshwantsho se se tshikinyegang sa ''Fences'', moo a neng a tshameka Troy Maxon fa Viola Davis ene a tshameka Rose Maxon. Ka ngwaga wa 2020, go ne ga gololwa ''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom'', se se neng sa tsamaisiwa ke George C. Wolfe, mme Viola Davis a tshameka karolo e kgolo fa Chadwick Boseman ene a tshameka Levee. Ka ngwaga wa 2024, Washington le Black ba ne ba dira mmogo ''The Piano Lesson'', se se neng sa tsamaisiwa ke morwa wa Washington, Malcom Washington o o neng a kwala mokwalo wa setshwantsho le Virgil Williams, ya ''Mudbound'', ba ne ba kwala mmogo mokwalo wa setshwantsho seo. Setshwantsho seno se ne se na le Samuel L. Jackson a tshameka Doaker, John David a tshameka Boy Willie, le Danielle Deadwyler a tshameka Berniece. Washington le Black jaanong ba dira mo setshwantshong se se tshikinyegang se se latelang, ''Joe Turner's Come and Gone''.<ref>Davis, Clayton (September 10, 2024). [https://variety.com/2024/film/awards/denzel-washington-gladiator-2-malcolm-piano-lesson-1236139671/ "Denzel Washington on Watching Son Malcolm Direct 'The Piano Lesson'".] ''Variety''. Retrieved July 2, 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse mo ngwageng wa 2016, phaka ya setšhaba e e neng e le gaufi le legae la Wilson la fa a ne a sa ntse a le ngwana e ne ya baakanngwa mme ya tewa leina la Lefelo la itloso bodutu la August Wilson.<ref>Arbogast, Sarah (August 8, 2016). [http://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2016/08/08/newly-renovated-august-wilson-park-unveiled-in-hill-district/ "Newly-Renovated August Wilson Park Unveiled In Hill District"]. CBS Pittsburgh.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2020, [[:en:Hillman_Library|tsamaiso ya Lefelo la Dibuka la Mmadikolo]] kwa [[:en:University_of_Pittsburgh|Mmadikolong wa Pittsburgh]] e ne ya amogela dikwalo tsa Wilson le didirisiwa tse di amanang le tiro ya gagwe gore go tlhomiwe Bobolokelo jwa August Wilson, e leng lefelo le go bolokiwang mo go lone dikwalo le dilo tsa botlhokwa tsa tiro ya gagwe.<ref>[https://augustwilson.library.pitt.edu/ "August Wilson Archive | University of Pittsburgh Library"]. ''augustwilson.library.pitt.edu''. Retrieved December 4, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201101012352/https://www.pittwire.pitt.edu/news/university-pittsburgh-library-system-acquires-archive-renowned-playwright-august-wilson "University of Pittsburgh Library System Acquires Archive of Renowned Playwright August Wilson]" (Press release). University of Pittsburgh. October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2020.</ref><ref>Pitz, Marylynne (October 29, 2020). [https://www.post-gazette.com/ae/theater-dance/2020/10/29/August-Wilson-University-of-Pittsburgh-buys-literary-archive-Pittsburgh-Cycle-Pulitzer/stories/202010280135 "August Wilson's literary archive is coming home".] ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''. Retrieved October 29, 2020.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2021, [[:en:United_States_Postal_Service|Tirelo ya Poso ya United States]] e ne ya tlotla Wilson ka [[:en:Non-denominated_postage#Forever_stamps|setempe sa Forever]] se se neng se bontsha sefatlhego sa gagwe, mme sa nna karolo ya motseletsele wa ditempe tsa Boswa jwa Batho ba Bantsho. Setempe seo se ne se tlhamiwa ke Ethel Kessler, mme setshwantsho sa sone sa dirwa ke Tim O'Brien.<ref>[https://store.usps.com/store/product/buy-stamps/august-wilson-S_480004#moreinfofooter "August Wilson Stamp | USPS.com"]. ''store.usps.com''. Retrieved January 6, 2021.</ref> Ka letsatsi la bosupa la kgwedi ya Ferikgong mo ngwageng wa 2025, Wilson o ne a fiwa naledi mo [[:en:Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame|motsamaong wa Tumo wa Hollywood]],.<ref>Cox, Gordon (January 6, 2025). [https://variety.com/2025/film/focus/august-wilson-walk-of-fame-1236262539/ "Playwright August Wilson's Broadway Legacy Topped With a Posthumous Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame"]. ''[[:en:Variety_(magazine)|Variety]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250107113411/https://variety.com/2025/film/focus/august-wilson-walk-of-fame-1236262539/ Archived] from the original on January 7, 2025. Retrieved January 7, 2025.</ref> [[:en:Harold_Bloom|Harold Bloom]] o ne a tsenya metshameko e mebedi ya Wilson e e itsegeng thata,e bong [[:en:Fences_(play)|''Fences'']] le [[:en:Joe_Turner's_Come_and_Gone|''Joe Turner's Come and Gone'']], mo lenaaneng la gagwe la Dikwalo tsa Botlhokwa tsa Bophirima, e leng lenane la dikwalo tse di tsewang di le botlhokwa mo ngwaong ya [[:en:The_Western_Canon|dikwalo tsa Bophirima]]. Mokwadi wa metshameko [[:en:A._k._payne|a. k. payne]] o ne a umaka Wilson e le mongwe wa batho ba ba neng ba mo rotloetsa mo tirong ya gagwe.<ref>[https://variety.com/lists/10-storytellers-to-watch-2025/ "Variety's 10 Storytellers to Watch for 2025"]. ''Variety''. August 13, 2025. Retrieved April 7, 2026.</ref> Dikgele le ditlotlo tse dingwe go ya ka dingwaga * Ka ngwaga wa 1985, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa New York Drama Critics' Circle sa Motshameko o o Gaisang wa Amerika ka [[:en:Ma_Rainey's_Black_Bottom|''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom'']]. * Ka ngwaga wa 1986, o ne a amogela [[:en:Whiting_Awards|''Sekgele sa Whiting'']] sa go Kwala Metshameko. * Ka ngwaga wa 1986, o ne a amogela thuso ya madi ya Guggenheim ya go tsweletsa tiro ya metshameko le botaki jwa tiragatso.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/August-Wilson "August Wilson"]. ''Britannica''. July 26, 2024. Retrieved August 28, 2024.</ref> * Ka ngwaga wa 1987, [[:en:Chicago_Tribune|Chicago Tribune]] e ne ya mo tlhopha go nna Motaki wa Ngwaga. * Ka ngwaga wa 1988, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa Tau ya Dikwalo go tswa kwa Lefelong la Dibuka la Setšhaba la New York. * Ka ngwaga wa 1988, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa Golden Plate go tswa kwa [[:en:Academy_of_Achievement|American Academy of Achievement.]]<ref>[https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement".] ''www.achievement.org''. [[:en:American_Academy_of_Achievement|American Academy of Achievement.]]</ref> * Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a amogela Dikgele tsa Mmusi wa Naga tsa Bokgoni jo bo Gaisang mo Botaking le Bataki ba kwa Pennsylvania ba ba Itsegeng ka Bokgoni jwa Bone. * Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa New York Drama Critics Circle sa Motshameko o o Gaisang ka *The Piano Lesson*. * Ka ngwaga wa 1991, o ne a amogela sekgele sa Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame, e leng lefelo la tlotlo la batho ba ba dirang ditshwantsho tse di tshikinyegang ba ba itsegeng ka tiro ya bone. * Ka ngwaga wa 1991, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa Dikwalo sa St. Louis go tswa kwa bathusing ba Lefelo la Dibuka la Saint Louis University. Ka ngwaga wa 1992, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa American Theatre Critics' Association ka Two Trains Running. Ka dingwaga tsa 1992 le 2007, o ne a amogela setifikeiti sa tlotlo sa New York Drama Critics Circle sa Motshameko o o Gaisang wa Amerika ka *Two Trains Running*. Ka ngwaga wa 1992, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa Clarence Muse. Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa New York Drama Critics Circle sa Motshameko o o Gaisang ka *Seven Guitars*. Ka ngwaga wa 1999, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa Bosetšhaba sa Botho. Ka ngwaga wa 2000, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa New York Drama Critics Circle sa Motshameko o o Gaisang ka *Jitney*. Ka ngwaga wa 2001, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa Outer Critics Circle sa go kwala metshameko sa John Gassner ka *Fences*. Ka ngwaga wa 2002, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa Olivier sa Motshameko o Mosha o o Gaisang ka *Jitney*. Ka ngwaga wa 2004, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa bo lesome sa ngwaga sa Heinz mo go tsa Botaki le Dithuto tsa Botho. Ka ngwaga wa 2004, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa U.S. Comedy Arts Festival sa Kgololosego ya Puo. Ka ngwaga wa 2005, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa Make Shift kwa U.S. Confederation of Play Writers. Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tsenngwa mo American Theater Hall of Fame, e leng lefelo la tlotlo la batho ba ba itsegeng ka tiro ya bone mo metshamekong. Ka ngwaga wa 2013, o ne a amogela Sekgele sa Lucille Lortel sa Tsosoloso e e Gaisang ka *The Piano Lesson*. [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] kfcbnekjieh21lb7qszl12ypw5t6eoe 0 15182 56137 55346 2026-10-02T09:13:53Z VNGao 10152 56137 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dorothy F. Bailey''' ke moeteledipele wa banni wa letso la Amerika go tswa kwa [[:en:Prince_George's_County,_Maryland|Kgaolong ya Prince George]], kwa [[Maryland]] . O ne a berekela mo lekgotleng la kgaolo dingwaga di robabobedi, a bereka dipaka tse pedi e le modulasetilo. O kile a nna mo dikhuduthamageng tsa mekgatlho e le mentsi ya bosechaba le ya selegae, go akaretsa le Lekgotla la Bosechaba la Basadi ba batho Bantsho le Mokgatlho wa Thuto ya Botshelo le Ditso tsa Maamerika ba ba Aforika . O ne a tlhoma Moletlo wa Tsosoloso wa Harlem wa kgaolo eo, o o ntseng o tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga fa e sale ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999), mme a tlhoma mekgatlho e le mmalwa ya banni. O ne a tsenngwa mo [[:en:Maryland_Women's_Hall_of_Fame|Marylanf Women's Hall of Fame]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014). {{Infobox person|name=Dorothy F. Bailey|birth_place=[[Dunn, North Carolina]], U.S.|education=[[North Carolina Central University]]|known for={{hlist|[[Activist]]|[[Politician]]}}}} == Botshelo jwa gagwe == O tsholetswe kwa Dunn, kwa Bonoke jwa Carolina . O ne a nna le seabe la ntlha mo tirong ya go buelela ditshwanelo tsa banni fa a ne a ithuta thutaloago kwa Sekolong se setona sa North Carolina Central, se a neng a bona dithuto tsa gagwe BA kwa go sone ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bobedi (1962 ). O ne a dira dithuto tsa morago ga kalogo tsa thuto le thuto ya bagodi kwa [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|Pennsylvania State University]] le kwa [[:en:University_of_Maryland|University of Maryland]]. Kwa tshimologong ya tiro ya gagwe o ne a ruta kwa dikolong tsa puso mme a dira mo sekolong se setona sa Maryland, Upward Bound. <ref name="mdhall">{{Cite web |title=Maryland Women's Hall of Fame: Dorothy F. Bailey |url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshall/html/bailey.html |website=[[State of Maryland]]}}</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borato (1983 ) go ya kwa ngwageng wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone ( 1994), o ne a nna mo maemong a a kwa godimo kwa mo makalaneng a le mmalwa a puso ya Prince George’s County, go akaretsa le mokaedi-khuduthamaga wa Khomišene ya Tshireletso ya Babereki , le mokaedi wa tirisanommogo ya banni kwa Lephateng la Ditirelo tsa Malapa. <ref name="pgplanning">{{Cite web |title=Meet the Commissioners |url=http://www.pgplanning.org/Planning_Board/About_The_Planning_Board/Meet_the_Commissioners.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703143901/http://www.pgplanning.org/Planning_Board/About_The_Planning_Board/Meet_the_Commissioners.htm |archive-date=2016-07-03 |access-date=2016-07-09 |website=Prince George's County Planning Board}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone (1994) o ne a tlhophiwa go nna lekgotla la kgaolo ya Prince George, kwa a neng a berekela teng dingwaga di robabobedi. O ne a le modulasetilo wa khansele dipaka tse pedi e le mothusa modulasetilo dipaka tse tharo. <ref name="mdhall" /> Fa a sena go tswa mo lekgotleng, Bailey o ne a bereka ele mogakolodi wa batsadi wa Dikolo tsa Sechaba/Puso tsa Prince George’s County. <ref name="pgplanning" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe ( 2001), Bailey o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mo lekgotleng la bosetšhaba la khuduthamaga la Mokgatlho wa Thuto ya Botshelo le Ditso tsa Maaforika a Amerika([[:en:Association_for_the_Study_of_African_American_Life_and_History|Association for the Study of African American Life and History]]) (ASALH); gape e le Tautona wa kgaolo ya Prince George. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2002 ) o ne a tlhoma Mokgatlho wa Segopotso wa Harlem wa Kgaolo ya Prince George, a nna modulasetilo wa khuduthamaga ya one go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003) go ya go dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe ( 2011). Lekalana le tshwara moletlo wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa Harlem Renaissance, kakanyo e Bailey a e tlhamileng jaaka tsela ya go tlhagisa seabe sa botaki le setso sa Maaforika-Amerika ka nako ya Harlem Renaissance, le go bontsha tiro ya banni ba kgaolo ba ba tsweledisang boswa joo. <ref name="hrf">{{Cite web |title=The Honorable Dorothy F. Bailey |url=http://pghrf.org/dorothy-bailey/ |website=Harlem Remembrance Foundation of Prince George's County |access-date=2026-09-22 |archive-date=2017-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125032407/http://pghrf.org/dorothy-bailey/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Moletlo ono o ngoka baeng ba le diketekete ngwaga le ngwaga mme o na le dipuiso tsa maboko, bodiragatsi, botaki le mmino wa jazz . <ref name="wp1">{{Cite news|title=Harlem Serenade: Prince George's Festival Aims to Inspire, Educate|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1999/04/28/harlem-serenade/bb0fa0b0-7b82-450b-b049-410e78a05362/}}</ref> Badiragatsi ba ba tumileng ba akaretsa modiragatsi [[Clifton Powell]], yo o neng a bala maboko a ga [[Langston Hughes]], le seopedi sa mmino wa jese e bong [[Jean Carey Bond|Jean Carne]] . <ref name="wp2">{{Cite news|title=Return of Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2000/05/04/return-of-harlem-renaissance/efd008c7-c2b3-49de-9c97-3c3b34692b65/}}</ref> Bailey o nnile le seabe se setona mo go tlhomeng mekgatlho e mengwe e le mmalwa e e sa direng dipoelo, go akaretsa le Mokgatlho wa LEARN (Mokgatlho o o sa Direng Poelo wa Boitlosobodutu jwa Mabelo tsa Thuto tsa Landover), Mokgatlho wa go Matlafatsa Banana wa Kiamsha, le Komiti ya Botsalano ya Toropo wa [[Setšhaba sa Segosi sa Bafokeng|Royal Bafokeng]] Sisters. Gape o kile a nna leloko la dikhuduthamaga tsa Lefatshe le tsa selegae tsa Lekgotla la Lefatshe la Basadi ba batho Bantsho . <ref name="mdhall" /> <ref name="wp3">{{Cite news|title=Pr. George's Leader Describes Shift on Forced Busing; Growing Power of Blacks Played Pivotal Role, Bailey Testifies in Bid to End Federal Lawsuit|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-748721.html|access-date=2026-09-22|archivedate=2016-09-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911170800/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-748721.html}}</ref> <ref name="wp4">{{Cite news|title=Bailey Returns To Power; Council Leader Previews Agenda|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-619443.html|access-date=2026-09-22|archivedate=2016-09-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911164810/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-619443.html}}</ref> == Ditlotla le Dietsele == ** Induction into the [[:en:Maryland_Women's_Hall_of_Fame|Maryland Women's Hall of Fame]], 2014<ref name="mdhall2">{{cite web |title=Maryland Women's Hall of Fame: Dorothy F. Bailey |url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshall/html/bailey.html |website=[[State of Maryland]]}}</ref> ** [[:en:Gladys_Noon_Spellman|Gladys Noon Spellman]] Award for Public Service<ref name="mdhall2" /> ** [[:en:NAACP_Image_Award|NAACP Image Award]] for Political Activism, 1999<ref name="mdhall2" /><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=A Big Message from a Small Messenger|first=Lisa|last=Frazier|date=November 24, 1999|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1999/11/24/a-big-message-from-a-small-messenger/b01904d1-2eae-48c0-b442-1997be939b1f/}}</ref> ** [[:en:The_National_Council_of_Negro_Women|The National Council of Negro Women]]'s [[:en:Mary_McLeod_Bethune|Bethune]] Recognition Award<ref name="mdhall2" /> ** [[:en:North_Carolina_Central_University|North Carolina Central University]]'s 2013 Alumnus of the Year<ref name="mdhall2" /> ** Induction into the Prince George's County Women's Hall of Fame, 1996<ref name="mdhall2" /><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=Democrats See Challenge in Only Two Districts|first=Desson|last=Howe|date=October 31, 1998|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/10/31/democrats-see-challenges-in-only-two-districts/b0e3c100-7a3c-4c7a-8b63-752b058bb84c/}}</ref> ** Honorary Doctorate of Divinity from Riverside Baptist College and Seminary, 1991<ref name="mdhall2" /> * == Dikgatiso == * {{Cite book |last=Bailey |first=Dorothy F. |date=2011 |title=In a Different Light: Reflections and Beauty of Wise Women of Color |publisher=coProductions LLC |isbn=9780615455341}} == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] b4i4x4wwcb66olz8ra672qcbd7re4gv 0 15371 56107 55918 2026-10-02T04:04:47Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabobedi (1968) ke mokwadi wa kwa Kenya yo e leng mokwadi wa dipadi, dipolelo le ditlhamo. O fentse seetsele sa [[:en:Caine_Prize_for_African_Writing|Caine Prize for African Writing]] ka kgang ya gagwe ya "Weight of Whispers". Yvonne gape ke motlhami-mmogo wa [https://www.macondolitfest.org/ The Macondo Literary Festival], mokgatlho o o sa direng dipoelo o o batlang go rulaganya meletlo ya ka metlha ya dikwalo e e rotloetsang dikwalo le bakwadi ba Aforika le go tswa kwa Lefatsheng Lotlhe. == Thuto le botshelo == Owuor o tsholetswe kwa Nairobi, Kenya, mme o ithutile Sekgowa kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Kenyatta_University|Kenyatta University]], pele ga a dira dithuto tsa gagwe tsa [[:en:Master_of_Arts|MA]] ya go tlhabolola TV/Dibidio kwa [[:en:Reading_University|Reading University]] . O amogetse dikirii ya gagwe [[:en:MPhil|ya MPhil]] mo go tsa Bokwadi jwa Boitlhamedi go tswa kwa [[:en:University_of_Queensland|University of Queensland]], [[Australia|kwa Australia]] . Owuor o kile a dira jaaka mokwadi wa difilimi mme go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003) go ya kwa ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005) e ne e le mokaedi-khuduthamaga wa moletlo wa [[:en:Zanzibar_International_Film_Festival|Zanzibar International Film Festival]].<ref>[http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/tow-past-participants/38-tow-2004/307-yvonne-adhiambo-owuor-kenya "Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor (Kenya)"], Centre for Creative Arts, University of Kwazulu-Natal.</ref> Mokwalo wa gagwe o tlhagile mo dikgatisong di le dintsi lefatshe ka bophara, go akaretsa le ''Kwani?'' le ''[[:en:Timothy_McSweeney's_Quarterly_Concern|ya ga McSweeney]]'', mme polelo ya gagwe ya "The Knife Grinder's Tale" e ne ya dirwa filimi e khutshwane ya setlhogo se se tshwanang, e e neng ya gololwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007). <ref>{{Cite web |title=''The Knife Grinder's Tale'' website. |url=http://www.theknifegrinderstale.com/4.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002215916/http://www.theknifegrinderstale.com/4.htm |archive-date=2017-10-02 |access-date=2014-12-30}}</ref> <ref>[[imdbtitle:1007995|"The Knife Grinder's Tale (2007)"]] at IMDb.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010), mmogo le Binyavanga Wainaina, Owuor o ne a nna le seabe mo Tirong ya "Maeto a Bodumedi" a Setheo sa [[:en:Chinua_Achebe|Chinua Achebe]] mme a ya kwa Kinshasa, mme o ikaeletse go tlhagisa buka e e buang ka maitemogelo a gagwe. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100710213329/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_03.php "2003 winner: Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor"], The Caine Prize for African Writing. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710213329/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_03.php|date=10 July 2010}}</ref>O na le seabe mo bukaneng ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobgwe ( 2019) [[:en:Daughters_of_Africa#New_Daughters_of_Africa|New Daughters of Africa]], e e rulagantsweng ke [[Margaret Busby]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruiz |first=David |date=5 August 2019 |title=New Daughters of Africa at Edinburgh International Book Festival |url=https://www.blackhistorymonth.org.uk/article/section/latest-events/new-daughters-of-africa-at-edinburgh-international-book-festival/ |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=Black History Month}}</ref> == Dikwalo == === ''Dust'' === Padi ya ga Owuor ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014) ''ya Dust'' e bontshaditso tsa thubakanyo ya Kenya mo sephatlong sa bobedi sa lekgolo la masome aaa mabedi la dingwaga. Fa [[Taiye Selasi]] a ne a sekaseka ''Dust'' mo go ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]'', o ne a kwala jaana: "Mo pading eno e e gakgamatsang o tla fitlhela maitemogelo otlhe a batho — a a tshololang dikeledi, a tshololang madi, keletso ya tlhakanelodikobo, lorato — ka selekanyo se se gakgamatsang." <ref name="Selasi">{{Cite news|last=Selasi|first=Taiye|date=28 February 2014|title=The Unvanquished|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/books/review/dust-by-yvonne-adhiambo-owuor.html|access-date=27 May 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Ron Charles wa [[:en:The_Washington_Post|''The Washington Post'']] o ne a kwala jaana: "Owuor o bontsha neo e e sa tlwaelegang le go farologana ga gagwe mo ditsebeng tseno. Mokgwa wa gagwe o a tlhotlheletsa e bile o bogale, o a tlhotlheletsa le go tlhotlheletsa. Motsotso mongwe, o re boloka re tshwaregile mo teng ga mabota a a tshologang madi a sele ya pogiso; mo go o o latelang, lentswe la gagwe la poko le tlhatlogela kwa godimo ga ditemana tse di phepa tsa letsatsi. metlae kgotsa lorato lo lo bonolo, mme bontsi jwa padi ya gagwe bo diragala mo 'didimelong tse di tshosang.' 'Lerole' le tsamaya fa gare ga khutsafalo ya lelwapa le le lengwe le tshenyetso sechaba ya dipolotiki tsa bosetšhaba, le dikologa loso lwa lekawana lengwe go tlhama sediko sa khutsafalo e e gogelang dikokomana tsa tsietso le ditso tsa gompieno tse di tlhakatlhakaneng tsa Kenya." <ref>{{Cite news|first=Ron|last=Charles|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/review-dust-by-yvonne-adhiambo-owuor/2014/02/04/3347e4bc-8880-11e3-a5bd-844629433ba3_story.html|title=Review: 'Dust,' by Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor|work=The Washington Post|date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === The Dragonfly Sea === Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), padi ya gagwe ya bobedi, [[:en:The_Dragonfly_Sea|The Dragonfly Sea]] e ne ya gatisiwa. <ref>[https://www.vanityfair.com/style/photos/2019/07/the-best-books-of-2019-so-far "The Best Books of 2019, So Far"], ''[[:en:Vanity_Fair_(magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', 8 July 2019.</ref> ''The Dragon Sea e'' beilwe mo Setlhaketlhakeng sa Pate, gaufi le lebopo la Kenya, mme le bua ka mosetsana mongwe yo o bidiwang Ayaana yo o nnang le mmaagwe, e bong Munira. Fa mmereki wa sekepe yo o bidiwang Muhidin a tsena mo matshelong a bone, Ayaana o bona sengwe se a iseng a ko a nne le sone pele: rre. Mme fa Ayaana a ntse a gola go nna mogolo, maatla a tlholego le ditsi a simolola go bopa botshelo jwa gagwe sešwa le setlhaketlhake ka bosone–go tswa go moeng yo o sa bueng sepe yo o nang le nako e e fetileng e e lefifi go ya go mofeteletsi wa bodumedi yo o batlang lefelo le le boitshepo, go tswa go di-dragonfly go ya go tsunami, go tswa go barongwa ba ba apereng batho ba bantsho go tswa kwa China go ya go ba setso. Ayaana o feleletsa a tsene mo loetong lo lo gakgamatsang lwa sekepe go ya kwa Botlhaba jo bo Kgakala, kwa a ribololang ditsala le baba teng; a fepisiwa ke ngwana yo o kgatlhang mme a sa ikanyege wa lelwapa le le maatla la kgwebo la Turkey; o boela a ineela mo lewatleng; mme o tla go bona lefelo la gagwe le le sa tlhomamang fa gare ga naga e ntle le thubakanyo le boitumelo jo bo gakgamatsang.<ref>[https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/545470/the-dragonfly-sea-by-yvonne-adhiambo-owuor/9780451494047/ "The Dragonfly Sea"], Penguin Random House.</ref> == Dietsele le Dikakgolo == Owuor o ne a gapa seetsele sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003) sa [[:en:Caine_Prize_for_African_Writing|Caine Prize for African Writing]] ka ntlha ya kgang ya gagwe "Weight of Whispers", e e buang ka motshabi wa kwa Rwanda wa maemo a a kwa godimo kwa Kenya. Kgang e e gatisitswe la ntlha mo [[:en:Kwani?|Kwani]]?<ref>Paulli, Michelle (15 July 2003)[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/jul/15/world.news . "Kenya celebrates Caine prize double".] ''The Guardian''.</ref> Polelo ya bokwadi ya kwa Kenya le le tlhomilweng ke [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] fa a sena go gapa seetsele sa Caine ngwaga o o fetileng. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004), o ne a fenya tlotla ya Mosadi wa ngwaga (Setlhopha sa badiragatsi sa, Boswa) ka ntlha ya dineelo tsa gagwe mo bodiragatsing kwa Kenya. Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), buka ya gagwe e e neng ya akgolwa thata ''ya Dust'' e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona Mokgele wa Folio, mme ya gapa mokgele o o tlhageletseng thata wa dikwalo kwa Kenya, e leng Mokgele wa Jomo Kenyatta wa Dikwalo . <ref>{{Cite news|date=28 September 2015|title=Owuor wins literature prize at book awards|work=Daily Nation|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/news/Owuor-wins-literature-prize-at-book-awards/-/1056/2888186/-/lhoklr/-/index.html|access-date=5 November 2015}}</ref> === Dipalo === * ''Weight of Whispers'' (Kwani Trust, 2003)<ref name="Selasi" /> * ''Dust'' (Knopf, Granta, 2014)<ref name="Selasi2" /> ** ''Der Ort, an dem die Reise endet'' (tr. Simone Jakob) (Dumont, 2016)<ref>Owuor, Yvonne Adhiambo (21 March 2017). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=S0oOMQAACAAJ&q=Der+Ort,+an+dem+die+Reise+endet+by+yvonne+adhiambo+owuor Der Ort, an dem die Reise endet: Roman]'' (in German). Dumont. ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-8321-6424-9|&#x20;<bdi>978-3-8321-6424-9</bdi>.]]</ref> ** ''La Maison au bout des voyages'' (tr. Françoise Pertat ) (Actes Sud, 2017)<ref>Owuor, Yvonne Adhiambo (2017). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=YtBaswEACAAJ&q=La+Maison+au+bout+des+voyages+(by+yvonne+adhiambo+owuor La maison au bout des voyages]'' (in French). Actes sud. ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-330-07302-2|&#x20;<bdi>978-2-330-07302-2</bdi>.]]</ref> * ''The Dragonfly Sea'' (Knopf, 2019) ** ''Das Meer der Libellen'' (Dumont, 2020) === Dipolelo tse di khutshwane (in anthologies) === * "Trial of Terremoto" (Caine Prize Anthology), 2004 * "The State of Tides" (commissioned by Essex County Council, UK), 2004 * "Dressing the Dirge" (''Little Black Book'' anthology), 2005 * "The Knife Grinders' Tale", 2005 * "These Fragments" (All the good things around us; ''New Daughters of Africa'' anthology), 2016, 2019 * "The Fire in Ten" (Hearth: A Global Conversation on Identity, Community, and Place), 2016 == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 64bq4wqcmbpmvnr2lhos3h30v735y0a 0 15376 56102 55935 2026-10-02T00:46:59Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56102 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dominique Morisseau''' ( yo o tshotsweng ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe le lesome le boraro, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi (1978 ) ke mokwadi wa metshameko le modiragatsi wa Moamerika go tswa kwa Detroit, kwa Michigan . O kwadile metshameko e feta borobabobedi, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dominique Morisseau |url=http://dominiquemorisseau.com/#Bio |access-date=2016-11-21 |website=dominiquemorisseau.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121175003/http://dominiquemorisseau.com/#Bio |archive-date=2016-11-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> e meraro ya yone e leng karolo ya mefuta o o bidiwang ''The Detroit Project.'' <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2015-04-08 |title=Dominique Morisseau talks Detroit '67, Black theatre and more |url=https://spokesman-recorder.com/2015/04/08/dominique-morisseau-talks-detroit-67-black-theatre/ |access-date=2016-11-21 |website=MSR News Online}}</ref> O ne a neelwa [[:en:MacArthur_Fellows_Program|MacArthur Fellowship]] (e gape e bidiwang 'Genius Grant') ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobgwe (2018). {{Infobox person|name=Dominique Morisseau|birth_date={{birth date and age|1978|3|13}}|birth_place=[[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], U.S.|occupation=Mokwadi wa difiimi, Modiragatsi|education=[[University of Michigan|University of Michigan, Ann Arbor]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Fine Arts|BFA]])}}|awards=[[Jane Chambers|Chambers Playwriting Award]]<br />[[NAACP Image Awards|NAACP Image Award]]<br />[[American Theatre Critics Association|Primus Prize for an Emerging Woman Playwright]]<br />The Steinberg Playwright Award<br />[[Barrie Stavis|Stavis Playwriting Award]]<br />[[Obie Award]], 2016<br />[[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellowship]], 2018<br />[[Windham-Campbell Literature Prize]], 2023}} == Botshelo jwa pele == Morisseau o tsholetswe le go golela kwa Detroit, kwa Michigan, le mmaagwe le rraagwe. Lelwapa la ga mmaagwe le tswa kwa Mississippi mme la ga rraagwe le tswa kwa Haiti . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Suzy |date=2016-01-04 |title=Dominique Morisseau Is Telling the Story of Her People |url=https://www.americantheatre.org/2016/01/04/dominique-morisseau-is-telling-the-story-of-her-people/ |access-date=2016-11-21 |website=American Theatre}}</ref> Morisseau o tsene Sekolo sa Bates ( sekolo sa puso se se tlhophilweng sa pele mo go tse di borobabobedi kwa Detroit ) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-10 |title=Writing Detroit: Dominique Morisseau's Practice of the Possible |url=https://howlround.com/writing-detroit-dominique-morisseaus-practice-possible |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=HowlRound Theatre Commons |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our School / About Us |url=https://www.detroitk12.org/Page/18472 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.detroitk12.org |language=en}}</ref> le [[:en:Cass_Technical_High_School|Cass Technical High School]] . [https://www.freep.com/story/entertainment/arts/2022/06/13/tony-awards-cass-tech-alums-michael-r-jackson-dominique-morisseau/7609401001/] O tsene kwa sekolong se setona sa [[:en:University_of_Michigan|University of Michigan]] kwa Ann Arbor, kwa a amogetseng BFA ya gagwe ya Bodiragatsi ka 2000 . <ref name=":2" /> Fa a le koo o ne a kopana le J. Keys, yo le ene a tswang kwa Michigan. Ba nyalane ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013). <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.essence.com/2013/06/13/must-see-newlyweds%E2%80%99-super-cute-wedding-first-dance-medley|title=Must See: Newlyweds' Super Cute Wedding First Dance Medley|date=2013-06-13|access-date=2018-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621195500/https://www.essence.com/2013/06/13/must-see-newlyweds%E2%80%99-super-cute-wedding-first-dance-medley|archivedate=2018-06-21}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/theater/playwright-dominique-morisseau-cant-forget-the-motor-city.html|title=Playwright Dominique Morisseau Can't Forget the Motor City|date=30 December 2015|access-date=2018-06-21|last=Soloski|first=Alexis}}</ref> Keys o tsholetswe kwa Detroit mme o goletse kwa Southfield, kwa Michigan, e leng toroponyana e e gaufi le toropo eo. O bereka e le motlhotlheletsi wa mohama wa mmino, emcee le seopedi sa hip hop. <ref>{{Cite web |title=J Keys Bio |url=http://www.jkeys.com/ |access-date=May 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510051529/http://www.jkeys.com/ |archive-date=May 10, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tiro == === Bodiragatsi === Morisseau o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya tiragatso jaaka sebui sa poko e e tshelang, bogolojang mo setšhabeng sa toropo ya gaabo sa Harmonie Park kwa Detroit. <ref name=":2" /> Fa a sena go aloga kwa sekolong se setona, o ne a tswelela a diragatsa mme a bereka le mekgatlho e le mmalwa. Kwa lefelong la ditlhabololo la [[:en:Lark_Play_Development_Center|Lark Play Development Centre]], o ne a bereka e le modiragatsi mo tlhagisong ya bokopano jwa ''[[:en:The_Mountaintop|The Mountaintop]]'' e e neng e dirwa ke Katori Hall, a tlhama karolo ya ga Camae . Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013), mo tlhagisong kwa Bobogelong jwa Badiragatsi jwa Louisville( [[:en:Actors_Theatre_of_Louisville|Theatre of Louisville]] ) o ne a boeletsa karolo ya ga Camae. <ref name=":1" /> O tswelela ka go diragatsa mme o rile ga a kitla a diragatsa mo dipontshong dipe tsa metshameko ya gagwe. <ref name=":1" /> === Go kwala === Morisseau o ne a simolola go kwala metshameko kwa sekolong se setona. O boletse gore go tlhoka dikarolo tse di tshwanetseng kwa University of Michigan go ne ga mo tlhotlheletsa go kwala metshameko le go tlhama dikarolo tse a neng a batla go di tshameka. O kwadile ''The Blackness Blues: Time to Change the Tune, A Sister's Story'' ka nako eo. <ref name=":1" /> Morago ga sekolo se setona , ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro , o ne a neelwa thuso ya madi a Bakwadi ba metshameko ba New York (Playwrights of New York Fellowship ( PoNY ) kwa lefelong la ditlhabololo la [[:en:Lark_Play_Development_Center|Lark Play Development Center]] . <ref name=":1" /> Gape o berekile e le Sekolo se setona sa [[:en:City_University_of_New_York|City University of New York]] e le Motaki yo o Rutang . Morisseau o boletse fa mmino o na le seabe se setona mo tirong ya gagwe mme gantsi o sedimosa tiro e a e kwalang. "Ke motswedi le motlhala wa tiro ya me, mme mmino o dira selo se se kopanyang dikgoreletsi tsa ngwao." <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/BWW-Interviews-Playwright-Dominique-Morisseau-of-DETROIT-67-20130307|title=BWW Interviews: Playwright Dominique Morisseau of DETROIT '67|last=Serviss|first=Naomi|work=BroadwayWorld.com|access-date=2018-05-09|language=en}}</ref> Morisseau o ne a le mo lenaaneng la Bakwadi ba ,metshameko ba ba Tlhagisitsweng Thata ba le masome a mabedi kwa Amerika ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano go ya ko tse lesome le borataro (2015–16), ka ditlhagiso di le lesome tsa metshameko ya gagwe lefatshe ka bophara. <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tran |first=Diep |date=2015-09-15 |title=The Top 20 Most-Produced Playwrights of the 2015–16 Season |url=https://www.americantheatre.org/2015/09/15/the-top-20-most-produced-playwrights-of-the-2015-16-season/ |access-date=2016-11-21 |website=American Theatre}}</ref> Morisseau e ne e le morulaganyi wa dikgang le motlhagisi-mmogo wa motseletsele wa setshwantsho sa motshikinyego wa [[:en:Shameless_(U.S._TV_series)|''Shameless'']] mo [[:en:Showtime_(TV_network)|Showtime]] mo dipakeng tsa 1-7. <ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.americantheatre.org/2015/09/22/branden-jacobs-jenkins-dominique-morisseau-win-2015-steinberg-playwright-awards/|title=Branden Jacobs-Jenkins, Dominique Morisseau Win 2015 Steinberg Playwright Awards|date=2015-09-22|access-date=2018-05-10}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dominique Morisseau {{!}} Samuel French |url=https://www.samuelfrench.com/a/100903/dominique-morisseau |access-date=2019-12-13 |website=www.samuelfrench.com |language=en}}</ref> O ne a kwala buka ya mmino wa [[:en:Jukebox_musical|Jukebox musical]] ''[[:en:Ain't_Too_Proud_(musical)|Ain't Too Proud – The Life and Times of the Temptations]]'', o o neng wa kaelwa ke Des McAnuff . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-26 |title=Review: 'Ain't Too Proud,' the Broadway-bound musical about the Temptations: Sensational music, scattershot storytelling |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/theater/reviews/la-et-cm-aint-too-proud-review-20180826-story.html |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Mmino ono o ne wa bulwa kwa Broadway, e leng lekgetlo la gagwe la ntlha kwa Broadway jaaka mokwadi, kwa Bobogelong jwa Imperial ([[:en:Imperial_Theatre|Imperial Theatre]]) ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019). E ne ya tshameka dikopano tsa pele ga Broadway kwa Bobogelong jwa Dipina jwa Berkeley (2017), kwa Bobogelong jwa Ahmanson kwa ([[:en:Ahmanson_Theatre|Ahmanson Theatre]] ) Los Angeles (kgwedi ya Phatwe go ya kwa go ya Lwetse, ngwaga wa 2018), le kwa lefelong la [[:en:Kennedy_Center|Kennedy Centre]] (kgwedi ya Phukwi, ngwaga wa 2018). O ne a tlhophiwa go bona seetsele sa [[:en:Tony_Award_for_Best_Book_of_a_Musical|Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical ,]] e le mosadi wa boraro wa motho Montsho go dira jalo . == Tiro == === ''Tiro ya Detroit'' === Morisseau o kwadile mefuta ya metshameko e meraro, e e bidiwang The Detroit Project ''.'' Metshameko e meraro (ka tatelano) ke: <ref name=":0" /> ==== ''Detroit '67'' ==== Motshamwko o"o sekaseka nako e e thunyang le e e botlhokwa mo toropong e kgoto ya Amerika. <ref name=":1" /> Baanelwa ba ba gapeletsang ba terama eno ba lwantshana le dikgotlhang tsa lotso le go sa tlhomamang ga ikonomi." <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Paradise Blue {{!}} Williamstown Theatre Festival |url=https://wtfestival.org/main-events/paradise-blue/ |access-date=2016-11-21 |website=wtfestival.org}}</ref> E ne ya tlhamiwa le go tshwarelwa kwa Bobogelong jwa Setšhaba kwa New York (The Public Theatre). ''Detroit ' 67'' mo tsamao ya nako e ne ya bontshiwa kwa Bobogelong jwa Bogologolo jwa Harlem (Classical Theatre of Harlem) le Bobogelo jwa Bosetšhaba jwa batho Bantsho ([[:en:National_Black_Theatre|National Black Theatre).]] E ne ya tlhophiwa go bona Dietsele di le robedi tsa Bobogelo tsa AUDELCO mme ya amogela Mpho ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014) wa Edward M. Kennedy wa metshameko e e Tlhotlheleditsweng ke ditso tsa Amerika. <ref name=":2" /> ==== ''Paradise Blue'' ==== Moopedi wa pele Blue o tsaa tshwetso ya go rekisa madirelo a gagwe a dino a ratang a jazz gore a kgone go tshela ditoro tsa gagwe. O sala ka maikotlao a go tlogela molekane wa gagwe, Pumpkin, le setlhopha sa gagwe se se ikanyegang sa mmino wa jazz. Morisseau o ne a tlhama motshameko o la ntlha kwa Moletlong wa Bobogelo wa Williamstown, ( Williamstown Theatre Festival) mo matsaong ya nako e neng ya bontshiwa lekgetlo la ntlha mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) . <ref name=":3" /> ''Paradise Blue'' e ne ya tswelela ka tlhabololo ya yone kwa Bobogelong jwa McCarter,([[:en:McCarter_Theatre|McCarter Theatre)]] kwa Bokopanong jwa [[:en:New_York_Theatre_Workshop|New York Theatre Workshop]], [[:en:The_Public_Theater|The Public Theatre]], le kwa komponeng ya [[:en:Signature_Theatre_Company_(New_York_City)|Signature Theatre Company]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Signature Theatre |url=https://www.signaturetheatre.org/shows-and-events.aspx |access-date=May 9, 2018 |website=Signature Theatre Company}}</ref> Mo motshamekong ong, Morisseau o ne a neelwa Seetsele sa L. Arnold Weissberger <ref name=":3" /> ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012). ==== ''Skeleton Crew'' ==== Motshameko wa bofelo mo mofuta ono o dikologa setlhopha sa badiri ba ba dirang dikoloi ba ba lwantshanang le kgonagalo e e ka nnang teng ya go tseelwa dithoto le go tlhoka tiro mo go tlang. [[:en:Skeleton_Crew_(play)|''Skeleton Crew'']] e ne ya amogela tlhagiso ya tlhabololo kwa lefelong la ditlhabololo la [[:en:Lark_Play_Development_Center|Lark Play Development Centre]] . <ref name=":0" /> Motshameko ong o o neng wa kaelwa ke Ruben Santiago-Hudson, o ne wa bontshiwa lekgetlo la ntlha mo lefatsheng lotlhe kwa Bobogelong jwa Linda Gross ([[:en:Linda_Gross_Theater|Linda Gross Theatre]]) jo bo kwa ntle ga Broadway le kompone ya [[:en:Atlantic_Theater_Company|Atlatic Theatre Company]] ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016) . Morisseau o ne a gapa seetsele se se Kgethegileng sa Obie sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016) ya Tirisanommogo, mmogo le mokaedi Santiago-Hudson le Kompone ya Bobogelo ya Atlantic . Motshameko ong o ne wa gapa seetsele sa motshameko o mosha sa Mokgatlho wa Edgerton ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Group |first=TCG: Theatre Communications |title=TCG: Theatre Communications Group > Edgerton Foundation > New Play Awards > 2015 Awards |url=http://www.tcg.org/EdgertonFoundation/NewPlayAwards/2015Awards.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521204332/https://www.tcg.org/EdgertonFoundation/NewPlayAwards/2015Awards.aspx |archive-date=2022-05-21 |access-date=2018-05-09 |website=www.tcg.org |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Skeleton Crew'' se ne sa bulwa kwa Broadway ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Skeleton Crew |url=https://www.manhattantheatreclub.com/shows/2021-22-season/skeleton-crew |access-date=2021-11-09 |website=Manhattan Theatre Club}}</ref> E ne ya tlhophiwa go bona Seetsele sa Tony sa Motshameko o o Gaisang. == Ditiro == {| class="wikitable" !Motshameko !ngwaga !lobaka !Ditshwaelo |- |''Follow Me To Nellie's'' |2011 | |''Follow me to Nellie's'' premiered at Premiere Stages, Kean University Zella Fry Theatre in North New Jersey in July 2011 under the direction of John Wooten.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Follow Me to Nellie's {{!}} North Jersey {{!}} reviews, cast and tickets {{!}} TheaterMania |url=https://www.theatermania.com/shows/new-jersey/follow-me-to-nellies_182817 |access-date=2018-05-09 |website=TheaterMania |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |''Detroit '67'' |2013 |120 Minutes |''Detroit '67'' was first presented Off Broadway at the Public Theater in association with Classical Theatre of Harlem and the National Black Theatre in New York City on March 11, 2013. It was directed by Kwame Kwei-Armah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Detroit '67 {{!}} Samuel French |url=https://www.samuelfrench.com/p/12567/detroit-67 |access-date=2018-05-09 |website=www.samuelfrench.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Sunset Baby'' |2013 |90 Minutes |''Sunset Baby'' premiered at the LAByrinth Theatre Company on November 6, 2013 under the direction of Kamilah Forbes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunset Baby {{!}} Samuel French |url=https://samuelfrench.com/p/17373/sunset-baby |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120015620/http://www.samuelfrench.com/p/17373/sunset-baby |archive-date=2017-11-20 |access-date=2018-03-26 |website=samuelfrench.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Night Vision'' |2013 |10 Minutes |''Night Vision'' was originally commissioned for Facing Our Truth: Ten Minute Plays On Trayvon, Race And Privilege and produced by The New Black Fest, Keith Josef Adkins, Artistic Director. The original reading took place at the Martin Segal Theater at CUNY Graduate Center, NYC December 5, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Night Vision |url=https://samuelfrench.com/p/58274/night-vision |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017030320/http://www.samuelfrench.com/p/58274/night-vision |archive-date=2017-10-17 |access-date=2018-03-26 |website=www.samuelfrench.com}}</ref> An audio version of the play was released by [https://playingonair.org/new-releases/night-vision Playing on Air] in spring 2020, featuring April Matthis and Eden Marryshow, directed by Stori Ayers. |- |''Blood At The Root'' |2014 |105 Minutes |''Blood at the Root'' premiered at the Penn State School of Theater in March 2014 under the direction of Steve Broadnax III.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Blood at the Root {{!}} Samuel French |url=https://samuelfrench.com/p/60202/blood-at-the-root |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212062350/http://www.samuelfrench.com/p/60202/blood-at-the-root |archive-date=2018-02-12 |access-date=2018-03-26 |website=samuelfrench.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Paradise Blue'' |2015 |120 Minutes |''Paradise Blue'' premiered at the Williamstown Theatre Festival in Williamstown, MA in July 2015 under the direction of Ruben Santiago-Hudson.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paradise Blue {{!}} Samuel French |url=https://www.samuelfrench.com/p/60201/paradise-blue |access-date=2018-05-09 |website=www.samuelfrench.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Skeleton Crew'' |2016 |120 Minutes |''Skeleton Crew'' premiered at the Atlantic Theatre Company in New York City in January 2016 under the direction of Ruben Santiago-Hudson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Skeleton Crew {{!}} Samuel French |url=https://www.samuelfrench.com/p/60200/skeleton-crew |access-date=2018-05-09 |website=www.samuelfrench.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Pipeline'' |2017 |90 Minutes |''Pipeline'' premiered at the Lincoln Center Theatre in New York City in June 2017 under the direction of Lileana Blain-Cruz.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pipeline {{!}} Samuel French |url=https://samuelfrench.com/p/62834/pipeline |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306195346/http://www.samuelfrench.com/p/62834/pipeline |archive-date=2018-03-06 |access-date=2018-03-26 |website=samuelfrench.com |language=en}}</ref> Won the Edgerton Foundation New Play Award in 2016. |- |''Mud Row'' |2019 | |People's Light &amp;amp; Theatre will present the premiere of ''Mud Row'' in June 2019 under the direction of Steve H. Broadnax III. |- |''Confederates'' |2022 | |Commissioned by the Oregon Shakespeare Festival and Penumbra Theater, it premiered in New York at the Signature Theatre Company. |- |''Jazelle the Gazelle'' |unknown |10 Minutes |''Jezelle the Gazelle'' was recorded live for [http://playingonair.org Playing on Air] Live Benefit in November 2019 with Mirirai Sithole in the title role under the direction of Goldie E. Patrick. |- |''Third Grade'' |unknown |10 Minutes |- |''[[Mix and Master]]'' |2027 |TBA |''Mix and Master'' is set to debut on Broadway in 2027 starring Kara Young and Ruben Santiago-Hudson at the Todd Haimes Theatre.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mix and Master |url=https://www.roundabouttheatre.org/get-tickets/20262027-season/mix-and-master |access-date=June 12, 2026 |website=Roundabout Theatre Company}}</ref> |} == Dietsele == Morisseau o amogetse Thuso ya Madi ya MacArthur (e gape e bidiwang 'Kabo ya Botlhale') ya ngwagwa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), e e neng e akaretsa madi a go thusa a a kana ka $625,000. Ke mongwe wa ba le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo Setlhopheng sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi ( 2018). Morisseau o ne a bidiwa Motlotlegi wa Seetsele sa go Kwala metshameko [[:en:Jane_Chambers|sa Jane Chambers]], se se lemogang metshameko le ditlhangwa tsa tiragatso tse di tlhamilweng ke basadi tse di tlhagisang pono ya basadi mme di na le ditšhono tse di botlhokwa tsa badiragatsi ba basadi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jane Chambers Playwriting Award - Association for Theatre in Higher Education |url=http://www.athe.org/?page=Jane_Chambers |access-date=2016-11-21 |website=www.athe.org}}</ref> Ke mofenyi wa seetsele sa [[:en:National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People|NAACP]] Image Award,makgetlo a le mabedi, se se ketekang diphitlhelelo tse di tlhomologileng le ditiro tsa batho ba mmala mo botaking, mmogo le batho bao kgotsa ditlhopha tse di rotloetsang tshiamiso ya loago ka maiteko a bone a go tlhama. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.naacpimageawards.net/|title=NAACP Image Awards : 48th NAACP Image Awards – LIVE, Saturday Feb 11, 2017|newspaper=NAACP Image Awards|access-date=2016-11-21}}</ref> ** Primus Prize by the [[:en:American_Theatre_Critics_Association|American Theatre Critics Association]] (honoree) for ''Follow Me to Nellie's'' in 2012<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Theatre Critics Association - Primus Prize |url=https://americantheatrecritics.org/primus-prize/ |access-date=2018-05-10 |website=americantheatrecritics.org |language=en}}</ref> ** Stavis Playwriting Award<ref name=":52">{{Cite web |title=Detroit '67 {{!}} A play by Dominique Morisseau |url=https://kennedyprize.columbia.edu/winners/2014/morisseau/ |access-date=2018-05-10 |website=kennedyprize.columbia.edu}}</ref> ** [[:en:University_of_Michigan|University of Michigan]]: Emerging Leader Award<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://detroitcenter.umich.edu/events/university-of-michigan-emerging-leader-award/|title=University of Michigan Emerging Leader Award {{!}} University of Michigan Detroit Center|work=University of Michigan Detroit Center|access-date=2018-05-10|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616022426/https://detroitcenter.umich.edu/events/university-of-michigan-emerging-leader-award/|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616022426/https://detroitcenter.umich.edu/events/university-of-michigan-emerging-leader-award/|archivedate=2018-06-16}}</ref> ** [[:en:Detroit|City of Detroit]]: Spirit of Detroit Award<ref name=":62">"[https://www.jbhe.com/2014/02/columbia-university-awards-the-kennedy-prize-for-drama-to-dominque-morisseau/ Columbia University Awards the Kennedy Prize for Drama to Dominque Morisseau]." ''[[The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education|Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (Online)]]''. jbhe.com. 2014-02-28.</ref> ** Morisseau, along with [[:en:Ruben_Santiago-Hudson|Ruben Santiago-Hudson]], received the [https://theatreanddance.wayne.edu/events/appleaward Apple Award] from the [https://theatreanddance.wayne.edu/ Department of Theatre and Dance] at [[:en:Wayne_State_University|Wayne State University]] in 2022 for Outsdanding Contributions to Theatre in the USA. The Apple Award was endowed by the [[:en:Nederlander_Organization|Nederlander]] Family in memory of Sarah Applebaum Nederlander. ** Edward M. Kennedy Prize for Drama, 2014, for her play ''Detroit '67''<ref name=":52" /><ref name=":62" /> ** Steinberg Playwright Award, 2015<ref name=":42">{{Cite news|url=https://www.americantheatre.org/2015/09/22/branden-jacobs-jenkins-dominique-morisseau-win-2015-steinberg-playwright-awards/|title=Branden Jacobs-Jenkins, Dominique Morisseau Win 2015 Steinberg Playwright Awards|date=2015-09-22|work=American Theatre|access-date=2018-05-10|language=en-US}}</ref> ** [[:en:Obie_Award|OBIE Award]] for "Special Citation: Collaboration" for her and Ruben Santiago-Hudson (director) for ''Skeleton Crew'' at Atlantic Theater Company, 2016<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.obieawards.com/2016/05/2016-obie-award-winners-announced/|title=2016 Obie Award Winners Announced {{!}} Obie Awards|date=2016-05-23|work=Obie Awards|access-date=2018-05-10|language=en-US}}</ref> ** [[:en:Windham–Campbell_Literature_Prizes|Windham Campbell Literature Prize]] for drama, 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=2023 Prize Recipients |url=https://windhamcampbell.org/ |access-date=April 21, 2023 |website=Windham Campbell Prizes 2023 |publisher=Windham Campbell Prizes}}</ref> * == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3b61lxamwcwiut6xtrya07bwvpyy6pe 0 15390 56103 55990 2026-10-02T01:36:50Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56103 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:South-Africa - Kuruman - Eye.jpg|thumb|Leitlho la Kuruman]] '''Leitlho la Kuruman''' ([[Seburu]]: ''Die Oog'') ke [[motswedi]] kwa toropong ya [[Kuruman]] (karolo ya [[Mmasepala wa Selegae wa Ga-Segonyana]]) kwa kgaolong ya [[Kapa Bokone]], [[Aforika Borwa]]. Ga jaana, e itsege jaaka motswedi o mogolo go gaisa [[wa tlholego]] mo Letlhakoreng le le kwa Borwa;<ref>Olivier, Willie; Olivier, Sandra (2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NCYxAQAAIAAJ Touring in South Africa]''. Struik. p.&#x20;166. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781868723881|9781868723881]]</bdi>.</ref> le fa [[Metswedi ya Te Waikoropupū]] kwa Golden Bay, New Zealand e lekantswe ka tsela e e ikanyegang ka palogare ya kelelo e e ka nnang makgetlho a le masome marataro (14 m3/s (220,000 US gal/min)).<ref>[https://niwa.co.nz/lakes/freshwater-update/freshwater-update-77-june-2018/clearer-look-te-waikoropupu-springs "A clearer look at Te Waikoropupū Springs | NIWA"]. ''niwa.co.nz''. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe, 2026.</ref> Motswedi o bopa letsha le lennye mo gare ga toropo, ka tlhamalalo mo tseleng ya N14 mme o mo phakeng e e teratetsweng. E na le kelelo ya letsatsi le letsatsi ya dikhubikimetara di ka nna dikete tse masome mabedi (710 000 cu ft) ya metsi a a phepa a phatsima, [[a a nowang]]. Metsi a a tswang mo motsweding ono a tlamela toropo ya [[Kuruman]]. == Ditso == Motse wa [[Kuruman]] o mo molelwaneng wa dikgaolo tsa [[Kapa Bokone]] le [[Bokone Bophirima]] tsa Aforika Borwa. Ngwaga wa 1895 e ne e le nako e le nosi mo ditsong e e kwadilweng fa molatswana o ne o sa fetoge go ralala mme wa tsamaya go tswa kwa Leitlho, go fologa molatswana wa noka ya Kuruman, [[Noka ya Molopo]], [[Noka ya Orange]] mme kwa bofelong o tsene mo [[Lewatle la Atlantic|Lewatleng la Atlantic]]. Kwa tshimologong, badisa ba [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] ba ne ba dirisa motswedi o mogolo jaaka mosima wa metsi. Leina la Setswana la Leitlho ke [[Segonyana]] le le kayang "[[sego]] se se nnye".<ref>[https://www.cogta.gov.za/ddm/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Joahn_Taolo_Gaetsewe_District_Profile.pdf Joahn Taolo Gaetsewe District Profile]</ref> Ka 1885, Maborithane a ne a tlhaola lefelo leno jaaka karolo ya [[Koloni ya Kgosi]] ya [[Bechuanaland ya Borithane]]. Karoganyo e ya lefatshe e ne e thibela morafe wa Batswana go dirisa molatswana ka maikaelelo ape fela. Mokgatšha o o kwa godimo wa Kuruman o ne wa nna lefelo la polokelo ya serwalatlhogo mme Leitlho la Kuruman le ne la nna lefelo la toropo. Phitlhelelo ya mokgatšha e ne ya kgaoganngwa ka lotso mo lekgolong la dingwaga la masome a mabedi ka fa tlase ga puso ya Kopano. Porojeke ya nosetso ya segompieno e ne ya tsamaisiwa ke mmasepala wa Kuruman morago ga 1918 mme, ka 1919 balemi ba bantsho ba ne ba lelekwa mo go diriseng metsi go tswa kwa Leitlhong. Le fa go ntse jalo, batho bantsho ba ne ba tswelela go dirisa molatswana mme ba fuduga dimaele di le tlhano go fologa molatswana go ya kwa Seodin. Metsi kwa kgaolong ya Seodin a ne a na le motswedi o o bokoa thata o o neng o dira gore nosetso e nne thata mo bathong ba Batswana. Lephata la puso la Merero ya Setso le ne la bora dikhuti tsa go epa go thusa balemibarui ba bantsho ka 1940 le fa go ntse jalo, seno se ne se santse se sa lekana go tsweledisa temo. Ka 1962, molao wa [[Tlhaolele mo Aforika Borwa|Tlhaolele]] o ne wa dira gore batho bantsho ba tlosiwe ka dikgoka kwa Seodin. Porojeke ya nosetso ya 'basweu fela' ga e ise e ko e dirwe kgwebo le fa puso e ne e e thusa.<ref>Jacobs, Nancy (July 1996). "The Flowing Eye: Water Management in the Upper Kuruman Valley, South Africa, c. 1800–1962". ''The Journal of African History''. '''37''' (2): 237–260. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0021853700035210|10.1017/S0021853700035210]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8537 0021-8537]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162353701 162353701].</ref> Ka 1992, Leitlho le ne la itsisiwe jaaka [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Kgaolo|Lefelo la Boswa jwa]] [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Kgaolo|Kgaolo]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230924195128/https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/920550004 "9/2/055/0004 | SAHRA"]. ''sahris.sahra.org.za''. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe, 2026.</ref> == Logaga == Logaga la Leitlho la Kuruman le bopa karolo ya dikgaga tse di robangbobedi mo [[Setlhoeng sa Ghaap]] sa dolomitic sa [[Kapa Bokone]]. Logaga lwa Leitlho la Kuruman lo metswedi e tswang mo go lone lo kwadilwe go tloga ka ngwagakgolo wa bolesome le borobabongwe. Setshwantsho sa ntlha sa logaga se ne sa dirwa ka 1907 se lekanya palogotlhe ya dimitara di le lekgolo, masome a mararo le boferabobedi. == Tlhaloso ya Logaga == Logaga lwa dolomite lo na le motseletsele wa diphatlha tse melatswana ya metsi e elelang mo go tsone. Metswedi ya metsi e tsamaya mo ditseleng tse di farologaneng mme e tlhagelela mmogo kwa tlase ga lefika le le tlhalosiwang jaaka ''Die Oog'' ka [[Seburu]] e e ranolwang jaaka 'Leitlho'. == Mefutafuta ya ditshedi == [[Setshwantsho:Eye of Kuruman fish.jpg|thumb|Aforika Borwa, Porofense ya Kapa Bokone, 2008: Leitlho la Kuruman - Motswedi o mogolo wa tlholego mo Letlhakoreng le le kwa Borwa.]] Bobedi jwa mogote wa mowa le metsi a logaga e ka nna 21 °C (70 °F) ka [[bongola]] jo bo ka nnang 99% [[Bommamathwane ba ba tlwaelesegileng ba ba obegileng lehuka]] ([[Miniopterus]] schreibersii) le mmamanthwane wa tlhako ya pitse ya ga Geoffroy ([[Rhinolophus clivosus]]) ba ne ba kwalwa mo maemong a a kwa godimo a Logaga lwa Leitlho la Kuruman ka 1985. Ka ntlha ya maemo a a kwa godimo a bongola ga mmogo le go tshwenngwa ke batho ka metlha, jaanong go fitlhelwa bommamathwane ba le mmalwa fela mo logageng. Diphologolo tsa metsi tse di fitlhelwang mo logageng di akaretsa: * tlhapi e e hemang mowa e e bidiwang ''[[Clarias gariepinus]]'' * setshedi sa molomo se se kwa borwa (''[[Pseudocrenilabrus philander]]'') * mofuta wa [[Tilapia]] * [[Rhagovelia]], motshameki wa go relela mo metsing * [[Detritivores]] di akaretsa: ** [[Isopoda]] e e sa itsiweng, ** [[Diplopoda]] tsa Polydesmida, ** Di-[[psocoptera]] (psocidae) le ** [[Ectobiidae]] * [[digokgo]] tsa malapa: ** [[Amaurobid|Amaurobida]] ** [[Pholcidae]] le ** [[Sicariidae]] [[Cixiidae]] di tshela ka go anya matute a medi ya dimela e e tsenelelang mo logageng. Gape go na le dintsi tse dinnye tse di sa itsiweng (Diptera) mo logageng.<ref>Irish, E.; Marais, J. (February 2012). "Caves of the Northern Cape, South Africa: a baseline study". ''Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum: Researches of the National Museum''. '''18''' (2): 15–29. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/AJA00679208_1439|10520/AJA00679208_1439]].</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Logaga la Wonderwerk|Logaga lwa Wonderwerk]] * [[Logaga lwa Kogelbeen]] * [[Dikgaga tse di boitshepo tsa Basotho]] == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Mafelo a Kapa Bokone]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a boswa a Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Metswedi ya Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a bojanala a a mo Kapa Bokone]] [[Karolo:Mmasepala wa Ga-Segonyana]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a boepi a Aforika Borwa]] [[Karolo:Mafelo a boepi a Borwa jwa Aforika]] 3ammb1z0o1d0abeh3njsqau47kuwhpn 0 15419 56106 56056 2026-10-02T03:10:13Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56106 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[File:South_Africa_Swati_speakers_proportion_map.svg|thumb|Geographical distribution of Swati in South Africa: proportion of the population that speaks Swati at home. <templatestyles src="Image key/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{legend-col|{{legend|#EDF8E9|0–20%}}|{{legend|#BAE4B3|20–40%}}|{{legend|#74C476|40–60%}}|{{legend|#31A354|60–80%}}|{{legend|#006D2C|80–100%}}}}]] [[File:South_Africa_Swati_speakers_density_map.svg|thumb|Geographical distribution of Swati in South Africa: density of Swati home-language speakers. <templatestyles src="Image key/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{legend-col|{{legend|#ffffcc|&lt;1 /km²}}|{{legend|#ffeda0|1–3 /km²}}|{{legend|#fed976|3–10 /km²}}|{{legend|#feb24c|10–30 /km²}}|{{legend|#fd8d3c|30–100 /km²}}|{{legend|#fc4e2a|100–300 /km²}}|{{legend|#e31a1c|300–1000 /km²}}|{{legend|#bc0026|1000–3000 /km²}}|{{legend|#800026|&gt;3000 /km²}}}}]] Seswati kgotsa Seswati, gape se itsiwe ka Setswana e le Seswati, ke puo ya Bantu ya setlhopha sa Nguni e e buiwang kwa Eswatini (e e kileng ya bo e le Swaziland) le Afrika Borwa ke batho ba Seswati. Palo ya batho ba ba buang puo e go fopholediwa gore e ka nna dimilione di le 4,7 go akaretsa ba ba buang puo ya ntlha le ya bobedi. Puo e e rutwa kwa Eswatini le kwa dikolong dingwe tsa Afrika Borwa kwa Mpumalanga, segolo thata kwa mafelong a pele e neng e le a BaNgwane. Seswati ke puo ya semmuso ya Eswatini (mmogo le Seesimane), gape ke nngwe ya dipuo tsa semmuso di le lesome le bobedi tsa Aforika Borwa. Lereo la semmuso ke "siSwati" gareng ga batho ba ba buang Setswana jaaka puo ya bone; ka Seesemane, Sezulu, SeNdebele kgotsa SeXhosa e ka nna ya bidiwa Swazi. Seswati se amana thata le dipuo tse dingwe tsa Ba-Tekela, jaaka Se-Phuthi le Se-Ndebele sa Bokone sa Transvaal (Sumayela), mme gape se gaufi thata le dipuo tsa Se-Zunda: Sezulu, Se-Ndebele sa Borwa, Se-Ndebele sa Bokone le Se-Xhosa. == Maleme == Seswati se se buiwang kwa Eswatini se ka kgaoganngwa ka dipuo di le nnè tse di tsamaisanang le dikgaolo tse nnè tsa puso ya naga eno: Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini le Shiselweni. Seswati se na le bonnye mefuta e mebedi: mofuta o o tlwaelegileng, o o tlotlegang o o buiwang thata kwa bokone, bogare le kwa borwabophirima jwa naga, le mofuta o o sa tlotlegeng thata o o buiwang kwa mafelong a mangwe. Kwa borwa jo bo kgakala, segolo thata kwa ditoropong tse di jaaka Nhlangano le Hlatikhulu, dipuo tse di farologaneng tse di buiwang di tlhotlhelediwa thata ke Sezulu. Baswati ba le bantsi (bontsi emaSwati, bongwe liSwati), go akaretsa le ba ba kwa borwa ba ba buang mofuta ono, ga ba o tseye e le Seswati se se 'siameng.' Eno ke puo e go ka tweng ke puo ya bobedi e e buiwang mo nageng eno. Palo e kgolo ya batho ba ba buang Seswati mo Aforika Borwa (segolo mo porofenseng ya Mpumalanga, le kwa Soweto) ba tsewa ke batho ba ba buang Seswati sa kwa Eswatini gore ba bua puo e e sa tlwaelegang. Go farologana le mofuta o o kwa borwa jwa Eswatini, mofuta wa Mpumalanga o lebega o sa tlhotlhelediwa thata ke Sezulu, mme ka jalo o tsewa o le gaufi thata le Seswati se se tlwaelegileng. Le fa go ntse jalo, mofuta ono wa kwa Mpumalanga o farologanngwa ke tsela e e farologaneng ya go buela kwa godimo, mme gongwe le mekgwa e e farologaneng ya segalo. Mekgwa ya go buisa (le go sa itse gore 'kgatelelo' ke eng) mo Setswaneng sa Mpumalanga gantsi e tsewa e le e e sa tsamaisaneng le tsebe ya Setswana. Mofuta ono wa Se-Swati wa mo Afrika Borwa o tsewa o na le tlhotlheletso ya dipuo tse dingwe tsa mo Afrika Borwa tse di buiwang gaufi le Se-Swati. Sengwe se se tlhomologileng ka mofuta o o itsegeng thata wa Seswati (o o buiwang kwa bokone le kwa bogareng jwa Eswatini) ke mokgwa wa segosi wa go bua ka bonya, o o gatelelang thata, o go tweng fa o buiwa o utlwala o le monate mo bathong ba ba o reeditseng. == Diteng tsa mantswe == === Dinoko === {| class="wikitable" |+Swazi vowels ! !Front !Back |- style="text-align:center;" !Close |i |u |- style="text-align:center;" !Mid |ɛ~e |ɔ~o |- style="text-align:center;" !Open | colspan="2" |a |} === Ditumammogo === Se-Swazi ga se dire pharologanyo fa gare ga mafelo a go buisanwang ka one fa go itewa. A ka nna a nna mo leineng (jaaka [ ⁇ ]) kgotsa a ka nna a nna mo alveolar (jaaka [ ⁇ ]). Le fa go ntse jalo, e farologanya mekgwa e le metlhano kgotsa e le merataro ya go buela kwa godimo le go bitsa mafoko, go akarediwa le go buela kwa tlase, go buela kwa godimo, go buela kwa tlase, go buela kwa tlase, go buela kwa tlase, go buela kwa tlase ga molomo le go buela kwa godimo ga molomo. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Swazi consonants ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |Labial ! colspan="2" |Dental/<br /><br />Alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Lateral ! rowspan="2" |Post-<nowiki><br id="mwkw"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Velar ! colspan="2" |Glottal |- !<small>plain</small> !<small>nasal</small> !<small>plain</small> !<small>nasal</small> |- ! rowspan="3" |Click !<small>plain</small> | |ᵏǀ |ᵑǀ | | | | | |- !<small>aspirated</small> | |ᵏǀʰ |ᵑǀʰ | | | | | |- !<small>breathy</small> | |ᶢǀʱ |ᵑǀʱ | | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Nasal |m | colspan="2" |n | |ɲ |ŋ~ŋɡ | | |- ! rowspan="4" |Plosive !<small>ejective</small> |pʼ | colspan="2" |tʼ | | |kʼ~k̬ | | |- !<small>aspirated</small> |pʰ | colspan="2" |tʰ | | |kʰ | | |- !<small>breathy</small> |bʱ | colspan="2" |dʱ | | |ɡʱ | | |- !<small>implosive</small> |ɓ | colspan="2" | | | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Affricate !<small>voiceless</small> |tf | colspan="2" |tsʼ~tsʰ | |tʃʼ |kxʼ | | |- !<small>voiced</small> |dv | colspan="2" |dzʱ | |dʒʱ | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Fricative !<small>voiceless</small> |f | colspan="2" |s |ɬ |ʃ | |h |h̃ |- !<small>voiced</small> |v | colspan="2" |z |ɮ |ʒ | |ɦ |ɦ̃ |- ! colspan="2" |Approximant |w | colspan="2" | |l |j | | | |} Ditumammogo /tsʼ kʼ ŋ/ nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e na le di-allophone di le pedi. /tsʼ/ le /kʼ/ di ka tlhagelela jaaka medumo e e ntshang, [tsʼ] le [kʼ], kgotsa jaaka di-allophone tse dingwe tse di tlwaelegileng, [tsh] le [k ⁇ ]. Modumo wa /ŋ/ kwa tshimologong ya ditlhaka ke [ŋ], mme gantsi ke [ŋɡ] mo mafokong. === Modumo === Swazi e na le ditone di le tharo: e e kwa godimo, e e fa gare le e e kwa tlase. Tone ga e a kwalwa ka tsela e e tlwaelegileng ya go kwala mafoko. Ka tlwaelo, go tsewa gore go na le medumo e e kwa godimo le e e fa gare fela, mme modumo o o kwa tlase o laolwa ke modumo o o kwa tlase o o tlang pele ga one. Le fa go ntse jalo, Bradshaw (2003) o bolela gore medumo yotlhe e meraro e teng. Ditiragalo tsa modumo wa lentswe di akaretsa: * Fa thito e e seng ya modumo o o kwa godimo e amogela ketapele e e nang le modumo o o kwa godimo, modumo o o kwa godimo ono o ya kwa pele (kgotsa kwa pele, fa modumo o o kwa pele o le kwa tlase). * Go anama go go kwa godimo: ditumanosi tsotlhe tse di fa gare ga medumo e mebedi e e kwa godimo e nna medumo e e kwa godimo, fa fela go se na modumo o o gatelelang. Seno ga se direge fela mo teng ga lefoko, mme gape se direga le fa gare ga lefoko le le fa gare ga lediri le se le se buang. Ditumammogo tse di gatelelang tsotlhe ke dithibelo tse di utlwalang ntle le /ɓ/. Allophone [ŋ] ya /ŋɡ/ e lebega e le e e gatelelang melao e mengwe mme e seng e mengwe. == Mokwalo wa ditlhaka == [[File:Swazi_Wikipedia_screenshot.png|thumb|Screenshot of the Swazi-language Wikipedia]] === Ditumammogo === * a - [a] * e - [ɛ~e] * i - [i] * o - [ɔ~o] * u - [u] === Ditumammogo === * b - [ɓ] * bh - [bʱ] * c - [ᵏǀ] * ch - [ᵏǀʰ] * d - [dʱ] * dl - [ɮ] * dv - [dv] * dz - [dz] * f - [f] * g - [gʱ] * gc - [ᶢǀʱ] * h - [h] * hh - [ɦ] * hl - [ɬ] * j - [dʒʱ] * k - [kʼ, k̬] * kh - [kʰ] * kl - [kɬ] * l - [l] * m - [m] * mb - [mb] * n - [n] * nc - [ᵑǀ] * nch - [ᵑǀʰ] * ndl - [ⁿɮ] * ng - [ŋ, ŋɡ] * ngc - [ᵑǀʱ] * nhl - [ⁿɫ] * p - [pʼ] * ph - [pʰ] * q - [kʼ, k̬] * s - [s] * sh - [ʃ] * t - [tʼ] * tf - [tf] * th - [tʰ] * tj - [tʃʼ] * ts - [tsʼ, tsʰ] * v - [v] * w - [w] * y - [j] * z - [z] * zh - [ʒ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swati alphabet, pronunciation, and language |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/swati.php |access-date=10 July 2021 |website=Omniglot}}</ref> === Ditumammogo === * dvw - [dvʷ] * khw - [kʰʷ] * lw - [lʷ] * nkhw - [ᵑkʰʷ] * ngw - [ᵑ(g)ʷ] * sw - [sʷ] * vw - [vʷ] == Thutapuo == === Maina === Leina la Seswati (libito) le na le dikarolo tse pedi tse di botlhokwa, e leng seele (sicalo) le kutu (umsuka). Ka go dirisa maemedi, maina a ka kgaoganngwa ka ditlhopha tsa maina, tse di balwang ka go latelana, go dira gore go nne motlhofo go a bapisa le dipuo tse dingwe tsa Bantu Tafole e e latelang e naya tshobokanyo ya ditlhopha tsa maina a Seswati, a rulagantswe go ya ka dipara tsa bong-bontsi. {| class="wikitable" !Class !Singular !Plural |- |1/2 |um(u)-[a] |ba-, be- |- |1a/2a |Ø- |bo- |- |3/4 |um(u)-[a] |imi- |- |5/6 |li- |ema- |- |7/8 |s(i)-[b] |t(i)-[b] |- |9/10 |iN-[c] |tiN-[c] |- |11/10 |lu-, lw- |tiN-[c] |- |14 |bu-, b-, tj- | |- |15 |ku- | |- |17 |ku- | |}   === Madiri === Maemedi a dirisa di-affix tse di latelang go tlhalosa motho le selo: {| class="wikitable" !Person/<br /><br />Class !Prefix !Infix |- |1st sing. |ngi- | -ngi- |- |2nd sing. |u- | -wu- |- |1st plur. |si- | -si- |- |2nd plur. |ni- | -ni- |- |1 |u- | -m(u)- |- |2 |ba- | -ba- |- |3 |u- | -m(u)- |- |4 |i- | -yi- |- |5 |li- | -li- |- |6 |a- | -wa- |- |7 |si- | -si- |- |8 |ti- | -ti- |- |9 |i- | -yi- |- |10 |ti- | -ti- |- |11 |lu- | -lu- |- |14 |bu- | -bu- |- |15 |ku- | -ku- |- |17 |ku- | -ku- |- |reflexive | | -ti- |} == Go bala ka Swazi == === Go bala go tswa go 1 go ya go 10 === Mokgwa wa go bala o o dirisiwang mo menwaneng ya diatla o simolola ka monwana o monnye wa seatla sa molema go ya kwa monwaneng o mogolo wa seatla sa molema mme o tswelela ka monwana o monnye wa seatla sa molema go ya kwa monwaneng o monnye wa seatla sa molema. Go simololwa ka seatla se se tswetsweng sa molema, monwana mongwe le mongwe o ntshiwa ka palo nngwe le nngwe e e latelang go tloga go o le mongwe go ya go o le tlhano. Fa seatla sa molema se setse se bulegile, go balwa go tswelela pele mo seatleng sa moja ka monwana mongwe le mongwe o bulega ka go latelana. Go botlhokwa go lemoga gore ka Seswati, maina a dipalo tse thataro go ya go robong a bontsha leina la mmele wa dinomoro (thataro, sitsupha, e kaya "thumb"), tiro (supa, sikhombisa). {| class="wikitable" !IsiSwazi/isiSwati !English |- |{{Lang|sw|Kunye}} |One |- |{{Lang|sw|Kubili}} |Two |- |{{Lang|sw|Kutsatfu}} |Three |- |{{Lang|sw|Kune}} |Four |- |{{Lang|sw|Sihlanu}} |Five |- |{{Lang|sw|Sitsupha}} |Six |- |{{Lang|sw|Sikhombisa}} |Seven |- |{{Lang|sw|Siphohlongo}} |Eight |- |{{Lang|sw|Imfica}} |Nine |- |{{Lang|sw|Lishumi}} |Ten |- |{{Lang|sw|Likhulu}} |Hundred |- |{{Lang|sw|Inkhulungwane}} |Thousand |} == Dikgwedi == {| class="wikitable" |+Swazi month names !English !Swazi/Swati |- |January |{{Lang|ss|nguBhimbidvwane}} |- |February |{{Lang|ss|yiNdlovana}} |- |March |{{Lang|ss|yiNdlovulenkhulu}} |- |April |{{Lang|ss|nguMabasa}} |- |May |{{Lang|ss|yiNkhwekhweti}} |- |June |{{Lang|ss|yiNhlaba}} |- |July |{{Lang|ss|nguKholwane}} |- |August |{{Lang|ss|iNgci}} |- |September |{{Lang|ss|iNyoni}} |- |October |{{Lang|ss|iMphala}} |- |November |{{Lang|ss|Lweti}} |- |December |{{Lang|ss|yiNgongoni}} |} === Matsatsi a beke === {| class="wikitable" |+ !English !Swazi/Swati |- |Monday |Msombuluko |- |Tuesday |Lwesibili |- |Wednesday |Lwesitsatfu |- |Thursday |Lwesine |- |Friday |Lwesihlanu |- |Saturday |Mgcibelo |- |Sunday |LiSontfo |} == Sekao sa mokwalo == Sekai se se latelang sa mokwalo ke Setlhogo 1 sa Maiphako a Lefatshe Lotlhe a Ditshwanelo Tsa Botho: Batho botlhe ba na le kgololosego le seriti le ditshwanelo tse di lekanang. Ba neilwe tlhaloganyo le kitso mmogo le segakolodi mme ka jalo ba tshwanetse go kolobediwa le go tsholwa ka moya wa bokaulengwe. Kitsiso eno e balega jaana ka Seesemane: Batho botlhe ba na le kgololosego le seriti le ditshwanelo tse di lekanang. Ba neilwe tlhaloganyo le kitso mmogo le segakolodi mme ka jalo ba tshwanetse go kolobediwa le go tsholwa ka moya wa bokaulengwe. == Metswedi == == Metswedi ya kwa ntle == * [http://www.bisharat.net/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Swazi PanAfrican L10n page on Swazi] * [https://www.wakahina.co.za/ Tinanatelo ne Tibongo tema Swati] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070114015602/http://translate.org.za/ Project to translate Free Software into Swazi] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070324112647/http://translate.org.za/content/view/17/32/ Swazi edition of OpenOffice.org] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070114015602/http://translate.org.za/content/view/1610/54/ Swazi spell checker for OpenOffice.org and Mozilla (basic)] jgqgjo14ur47vxuuwwap6vougqj9dg1 0 15442 56097 2026-10-01T19:44:46Z VNGao 10152 Created page with "[[:en:Anthony_Binga_Jr.|'''Anthony Binga Jr'''.]] yo o tshotsweng kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e rogwa, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mane le boraro mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Firikgong e le masome a mabedi le bongwe , ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le borobabongwe ene ele moreri wa lefoko la Modimo, morutabana, rakgwebo, le modulasetilo wa Boroto ya :en:National_Baptist_Convention,_USA#Convention_founding|Baptist Foreign Mission Conventio..." 56097 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Anthony_Binga_Jr.|'''Anthony Binga Jr'''.]] yo o tshotsweng kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e rogwa, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mane le boraro mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Firikgong e le masome a mabedi le bongwe , ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le borobabongwe ene ele moreri wa lefoko la Modimo, morutabana, rakgwebo, le modulasetilo wa Boroto ya [[:en:National_Baptist_Convention,_USA#Convention_founding|Baptist Foreign Mission Convention]] wa letso la Amerika. Ene ele mongwe wa batho ba ntlha ba letso la Aforika -Amerika go bereka jaaka morutabana mo sekolong sa sechaba sa Virginia. == Botshelo Jwa Pele le Dithutego == == Tiro == == Botshelo jwa Gagwe == == Loso == == Metswedi == rujs8bv8vojvvksienqnjzq0931xs04 0 15443 56098 2026-10-01T20:06:50Z VNGao 10152 Created page with "'''[[:en:Florence_"Frankie"_Adams|Florence V. "Frankie" Adams]]''' yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bobedi mme a tlhokofala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabongwe, ene ele morutabana le mokwadi wa dibuka wa letso la Amerika. o berekile lebaka le leleele kwa Atlanta School of Social Work go simolola fela ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le bongwe go fitlhela ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgo..." 56098 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Florence_"Frankie"_Adams|Florence V. "Frankie" Adams]]''' yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bobedi mme a tlhokofala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabongwe, ene ele morutabana le mokwadi wa dibuka wa letso la Amerika. o berekile lebaka le leleele kwa Atlanta School of Social Work go simolola fela ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le bongwe go fitlhela ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bone. Oitsege jalo mo go rotloetseng thusano kwa magaeng le gonna mokwadi wa ''Soulcraft: Sketches on Negro-White Relations Designed to Encourage Friendship and The Reflections of Florence Victoria Adams.'' a6kk2hflbrbnkt86kyf2we0rektzv8m 56099 56098 2026-10-01T20:14:09Z VNGao 10152 56099 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Florence_"Frankie"_Adams|Florence V. "Frankie" Adams]]''' yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bobedi mme a tlhokofala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabongwe, ene ele morutabana le mokwadi wa dibuka wa letso la Amerika. o berekile lebaka le leleele kwa Atlanta School of Social Work go simolola fela ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le bongwe go fitlhela ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bone. Oitsege jalo mo go rotloetseng thusano kwa magaeng le gonna mokwadi wa ''Soulcraft: Sketches on Negro-White Relations Designed to Encourage Friendship and The Reflections of Florence Victoria Adams.''<ref> "[https://findingaids.auctr.edu/repositories/2/resources/10 Frankie V. Adams collection]". Archives Research Center. Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library. [[:en:Handle_System|hdl]]:[https://findingaids.auctr.edu/repositories/2/resources/10 20.500.12322/fa:009]. Retrieved 28 October 2026</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Gago == == Dikgatiso == * Women in Industry (1929) * Soulcraft: Sketches on Negro-White Relations Designed to Encourage Friendship (1944) * Some Pioneers in Social Work: brief sketches; student work book, with [[:en:Whitney_Young|Whitney Young, Jr. (1957)]] * The Reflections of Florence Victoria Adams, a history of the Atlanta University School of Social Work (published posthumously in 1981) == Metswedi == e6fulok4mbujd7tdrpp9zcoqgy6k5sl 0 15444 56111 2026-10-02T05:52:40Z VNGao 10152 Created page with "'''[[:en:Maggie_Anderson_(activist)|Maggie Anderson]]''' ( yo o tshotsweng ele Margarita o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a supa le bongwe) ke molwelwa kgololesego wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, [[:en:Chief_executive_officer|moeteledipele]] le [[:en:Organizational_founder|mosimolodi wa setlamo]] sa Empowerment Experiment le monna wa gagwe John Anderson. == Botshelo Jwa Gagwe == Anderson o goletse kwa Liberty City mo Miami kwa Florida mme a al..." 56111 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Maggie_Anderson_(activist)|Maggie Anderson]]''' ( yo o tshotsweng ele Margarita o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a supa le bongwe) ke molwelwa kgololesego wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, [[:en:Chief_executive_officer|moeteledipele]] le [[:en:Organizational_founder|mosimolodi wa setlamo]] sa Empowerment Experiment le monna wa gagwe John Anderson. == Botshelo Jwa Gagwe == Anderson o goletse kwa Liberty City mo Miami kwa Florida mme a aloga ka digerata kwa dikolong tsa ithutela tiro tsa Emory University le University of Chicago. Monna wa gagwe, John Anderson, otswa kwa Detroit, mme tsene sekolo sa ithutela tiro kwa Harvard, mme o alogile ka dimasetase tsa kgwebo(MBA) kwa Kellogg School of Management. Ba ile ba nna le leano la go simolola setlamo kwa lefelong la dijo le le turu koo ba neng ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa gone la Tru restaurant kwa Chicago's Magnificent Mile. Anderson oithutetse dithoto tsa molao ka fa tlase ga tlhokomele kana kgakololo ya ga Barack Obama kwa sekolong sa molao sa Chicago Law School. Ene ele ene moeteledipele kwa setlamong sa dijo sa McDonald's. Anderson le ba lelwapa la gagwe ba feditse ngwaga otlhe wa ketepedi le borobabongwe and her family spent the entire year of 2009 patronizing, as much as possible, only African-American owned businesses, eschewing all others. She wrote a book[9] about the experience, reporting that in some fields, it was difficult to find black-owned businesses, and that black people patronized businesses within their own ethnic group less than other ethnic groups. ts7h5b9wyl8v966513r71w8rvxefn9b 56113 56111 2026-10-02T06:08:03Z VNGao 10152 56113 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Maggie_Anderson_(activist)|Maggie Anderson]]''' ( yo o tshotsweng ele Margarita o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a supa le bongwe) ke molwelwa kgololesego wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, [[:en:Chief_executive_officer|moeteledipele]] le [[:en:Organizational_founder|mosimolodi wa setlamo]] sa Empowerment Experiment le monna wa gagwe John Anderson. == Botshelo Jwa Gagwe == Anderson o goletse kwa Liberty City mo Miami kwa Florida mme a aloga ka digerata kwa dikolong tsa ithutela tiro tsa Emory University le University of Chicago. Monna wa gagwe, John Anderson, otswa kwa Detroit, mme tsene sekolo sa ithutela tiro kwa Harvard, mme o alogile ka dimasetase tsa kgwebo(MBA) kwa Kellogg School of Management. Ba ile ba nna le leano la go simolola setlamo kwa lefelong la dijo le le turu koo ba neng ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa gone la Tru restaurant kwa Chicago's Magnificent Mile. Anderson oithutetse dithoto tsa molao ka fa tlase ga tlhokomele kana kgakololo ya ga Barack Obama kwa sekolong sa molao sa Chicago Law School. Ene ele ene moeteledipele kwa setlamong sa dijo sa McDonald's. Anderson le ba lelwapa la gagwe ba feditse ngwaga otlhe wa ketepedi le borobabongwe ba kgetholola ka bomo ditlamo tse dingwe mme ba reka fela mo ditlamong tsa batho bantsho go gaisa tse dingwe. One a kwala lekwalo leo le neng le supa maitemogelo, a supa jalo gore gago bonolo go bona dikgwebo tsa batho bantsho, mme ebile batho ba reka fela kwa ditlamong kana dikgwebo tsa merafe ya batho ba ikgatholosa tsa merafe e mengwe. g1r0hfyx2ngs2y5we4b904apv3whsx3 56115 56113 2026-10-02T06:16:46Z VNGao 10152 /* Botshelo Jwa Gagwe */ 56115 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Maggie_Anderson_(activist)|Maggie Anderson]]''' ( yo o tshotsweng ele Margarita o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a supa le bongwe) ke molwelwa kgololesego wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, [[:en:Chief_executive_officer|moeteledipele]] le [[:en:Organizational_founder|mosimolodi wa setlamo]] sa Empowerment Experiment le monna wa gagwe John Anderson. == Botshelo Jwa Gagwe == Anderson o goletse kwa Liberty City mo Miami kwa Florida mme a aloga ka digerata kwa dikolong tsa ithutela tiro tsa Emory University le University of Chicago. Monna wa gagwe, John Anderson, otswa kwa Detroit, mme tsene sekolo sa ithutela tiro kwa Harvard, mme o alogile ka dimasetase tsa kgwebo(MBA) kwa Kellogg School of Management. Ba ile ba nna le leano la go simolola setlamo kwa lefelong la dijo le le turu koo ba neng ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa gone la Tru restaurant kwa Chicago's Magnificent Mile. Anderson oithutetse dithoto tsa molao ka fa tlase ga tlhokomele kana kgakololo ya ga Barack Obama kwa sekolong sa molao sa Chicago Law School. Ene ele ene moeteledipele kwa setlamong sa dijo sa McDonald's. Anderson le ba lelwapa la gagwe ba feditse ngwaga otlhe wa ketepedi le borobabongwe ba kgetholola ka bomo ditlamo tse dingwe mme ba reka fela mo ditlamong tsa batho bantsho go gaisa tse dingwe. One a kwala lekwalo leo le neng le supa maitemogelo, a supa jalo gore gago bonolo go bona dikgwebo tsa batho bantsho, mme ebile batho ba reka fela kwa ditlamong kana dikgwebo tsa merafe ya batho ba ikgatholosa tsa merafe e mengwe. Anderson o nnile le katlego mo go tseneleleng mananeo a sepolotiki ago buelela batho bantsho ba akaretsa Rep. John Lewis, Ratoropo wa Atlanta Bill Campbell, le Barack Obama's go emela bo khanselara.O dirile tiro gape a direla setlamo sa RainbowPUSH Coalition. 1g91e2stn0e3o6mz7wx0hbf6sn9fqzz 56118 56115 2026-10-02T06:35:21Z VNGao 10152 /* Botshelo Jwa Gagwe */ 56118 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Maggie_Anderson_(activist)|Maggie Anderson]]''' ( yo o tshotsweng ele Margarita o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a supa le bongwe) ke molwelwa kgololesego wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, [[:en:Chief_executive_officer|moeteledipele]] le [[:en:Organizational_founder|mosimolodi wa setlamo]] sa Empowerment Experiment le monna wa gagwe John Anderson. == Botshelo Jwa Gagwe == Anderson o goletse kwa Liberty City mo Miami kwa Florida mme a aloga ka digerata kwa dikolong tsa ithutela tiro tsa Emory University le University of Chicago. Monna wa gagwe, John Anderson, otswa kwa Detroit, mme tsene sekolo sa ithutela tiro kwa Harvard, mme o alogile ka dimasetase tsa kgwebo(MBA) kwa Kellogg School of Management. Ba ile ba nna le leano la go simolola setlamo kwa lefelong la dijo le le turu koo ba neng ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa gone la Tru restaurant kwa Chicago's Magnificent Mile. Anderson oithutetse dithoto tsa molao ka fa tlase ga tlhokomele kana kgakololo ya ga Barack Obama kwa sekolong sa molao sa Chicago Law School. Ene ele ene moeteledipele kwa setlamong sa dijo sa McDonald's. Anderson le ba lelwapa la gagwe ba feditse ngwaga otlhe wa ketepedi le borobabongwe ba kgetholola ka bomo ditlamo tse dingwe mme ba reka fela mo ditlamong tsa batho bantsho go gaisa tse dingwe. One a kwala lekwalo leo le neng le supa maitemogelo, a supa jalo gore gago bonolo go bona dikgwebo tsa batho bantsho, mme ebile batho ba reka fela kwa ditlamong kana dikgwebo tsa merafe ya batho ba ikgatholosa tsa merafe e mengwe. Anderson o nnile le katlego mo go tseneleleng mananeo a sepolotiki ago buelela batho bantsho ba akaretsa Rep. John Lewis, Ratoropo wa Atlanta Bill Campbell, le Barack Obama's go emela bo khanselara.O dirile tiro gape a direla setlamo sa RainbowPUSH Coalition. == Dibuka/Makwalo == Anderson o kwadile abo a gatisa dibuka tsa itloso bodutu di akaretsa; * A Night of Passion (2015) * Driving Me Crazy (2016) * Wolf Blood (2017) * Wolf Curse (2017 * Christmas, Mistletoe and You (2017) * Wolf Lover (2019) * Wolf Bonds (2021) == Bona Gape == * African-American businesses * Black Economic Empowerment == Metswedi == ak7nwdj9lr6equrtjenn6pfp7s67gcy 56122 56118 2026-10-02T07:06:47Z VNGao 10152 56122 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Maggie_Anderson_(activist)|Maggie Anderson]]''' ( yo o tshotsweng ele Margarita o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a supa le bongwe) ke molwelwa kgololesego wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, [[:en:Chief_executive_officer|moeteledipele]] le [[:en:Organizational_founder|mosimolodi wa setlamo]] sa Empowerment Experiment le monna wa gagwe John Anderson. == Botshelo Jwa Gagwe == Anderson o goletse kwa Liberty City mo Miami kwa Florida mme a aloga ka digerata kwa dikolong tsa ithutela tiro tsa Emory University le University of Chicago. Monna wa gagwe, John Anderson, otswa kwa Detroit, mme tsene sekolo sa ithutela tiro kwa Harvard, mme o alogile ka dimasetase tsa kgwebo(MBA) kwa Kellogg School of Management. Ba ile ba nna le leano la go simolola setlamo kwa lefelong la dijo le le turu koo ba neng ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa gone la Tru restaurant kwa Chicago's Magnificent Mile. Anderson oithutetse dithoto tsa molao ka fa tlase ga tlhokomele kana kgakololo ya ga Barack Obama kwa sekolong sa molao sa Chicago Law School. Ene ele ene moeteledipele kwa setlamong sa dijo sa McDonald's. Anderson le ba lelwapa la gagwe ba feditse ngwaga otlhe wa ketepedi le borobabongwe ba kgetholola ka bomo ditlamo tse dingwe mme ba reka fela mo ditlamong tsa batho bantsho go gaisa tse dingwe. One a kwala lekwalo leo le neng le supa maitemogelo, a supa jalo gore gago bonolo go bona dikgwebo tsa batho bantsho, mme ebile batho ba reka fela kwa ditlamong kana dikgwebo tsa merafe ya batho ba ikgatholosa tsa merafe e mengwe. Anderson o nnile le katlego mo go tseneleleng mananeo a sepolotiki ago buelela batho bantsho ba akaretsa Rep. John Lewis, Ratoropo wa Atlanta Bill Campbell, le Barack Obama's go emela bo khanselara.O dirile tiro gape a direla setlamo sa RainbowPUSH Coalition. == Dibuka/Makwalo == In 2012, Anderson one a gatisa lelwalo kana buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Our Black Year: One Family's Quest to Buy Black in America's Racially Divided Economy, yeo ae kwadilweng le mokwadi Ted Gregory, mmega dikgang yo o fentseng seetsele sa Pulitzer wa Chicago Tribune. Lekwalo le le tlhalosa jalo ka tshokolo eo a nnileng le yone le ba lelwapa la gagwe ee neng ele mo semorafeng mabapi le tsa kgwebo. Anderson o kwadile abo a gatisa dibuka tsa itloso bodutu di akaretsa; * A Night of Passion (2015) * Driving Me Crazy (2016) * Wolf Blood (2017) * Wolf Curse (2017 * Christmas, Mistletoe and You (2017) * Wolf Lover (2019) * Wolf Bonds (2021) == Bona Gape == * African-American businesses * Black Economic Empowerment == Metswedi == e647s2ro56an6yy3szs515q0tojrq9g 56123 56122 2026-10-02T07:20:44Z VNGao 10152 56123 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Maggie_Anderson_(activist)|Maggie Anderson]]''' ( yo o tshotsweng ele Margarita o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a supa le bongwe) ke molwelwa kgololesego wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, [[:en:Chief_executive_officer|moeteledipele]] le [[:en:Organizational_founder|mosimolodi wa setlamo]] sa Empowerment Experiment le monna wa gagwe John Anderson. == Botshelo Jwa Gagwe == Anderson o goletse kwa [[:en:Liberty_City_(Miami)|Liberty City mo Miami kwa Florida]] mme a aloga ka digerata kwa dikolong tsa ithutela tiro tsa Emory University le [[:en:University_of_Chicago|University of Chicago]]. Monna wa gagwe, John Anderson, otswa kwa [[:en:Detroit|Detroit]], mme tsene sekolo sa ithutela tiro kwa [[:en:Harvard_College|Harvard]], mme o alogile ka dimasetase tsa kgwebo(MBA) kwa [[:en:Kellogg_School_of_Management|Kellogg School of Management]]. Ba ile ba nna le leano la go simolola setlamo kwa lefelong la dijo le le turu koo ba neng ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa gone la [[:en:Tru_(restaurant)|Tru restaurant]] kwa Chicago's [[:en:Magnificent_Mile|Magnificent Mile.]] Anderson oithutetse [[:en:U.S._Constitution|dithuto tsa molao]] ka fa tlase ga tlhokomele kana kgakololo ya ga [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] kwa sekolong sa molao sa [[:en:University_of_Chicago_Law_School|Chicago Law School]]. Ene ele ene [[:en:Senior_management|moeteledipele]] kwa setlamong sa dijo sa [[:en:McDonald's|McDonald's]]. Anderson le ba lelwapa la gagwe ba feditse ngwaga otlhe wa ketepedi le borobabongwe ba kgetholola ka bomo ditlamo tse dingwe mme ba reka fela mo ditlamong tsa batho bantsho go gaisa tse dingwe. One a kwala lekwalo leo le neng le supa maitemogelo, a supa jalo gore gago bonolo go bona dikgwebo tsa batho bantsho, mme ebile batho ba reka fela kwa ditlamong kana dikgwebo tsa merafe ya batho ba ikgatholosa tsa merafe e mengwe. Anderson o nnile le katlego mo go tseneleleng mananeo a sepolotiki ago buelela batho bantsho ba akaretsa [[:en:United_States_House_of_Representatives|Rep]]. [[:en:John_Lewis|John Lewis]], [[:en:List_of_mayors_of_Atlanta|Ratoropo wa Atlanta]] [[:en:Bill_Campbell_(mayor)|Bill Campbell]], le Barack Obama's go emela bo [[:en:United_States_Senate|khanselara mo Amerika]].O dirile tiro gape a direla setlamo sa [[:en:Rainbow/PUSH|RainbowPUSH Coalition]]. == Dibuka/Makwalo == In 2012, Anderson one a gatisa lelwalo kana buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya ''Our Black Year: One Family's Quest to Buy Black in America's Racially Divided Economy'', yeo ae kwadilweng le mokwadi [[:en:Ted_Gregory|Ted Gregory]], mmega dikgang yo o fentseng seetsele sa Pulitzer wa [[:en:Chicago_Tribune|Chicago Tribune]]. Lekwalo le le tlhalosa jalo ka tshokolo eo a nnileng le yone le ba lelwapa la gagwe ee neng ele mo semorafeng mabapi le tsa kgwebo. Anderson o kwadile abo a gatisa dibuka tsa itloso bodutu di akaretsa; * ''A Night of Passion (2015)'' * ''Driving Me Crazy (2016)'' * ''Wolf Blood (2017)'' * ''Wolf Curse (2017'' * ''Christmas, Mistletoe and You (2017)'' * ''Wolf Lover (2019)'' * ''Wolf Bonds (2021)'' == Bona Gape == * African-American businesses * Black Economic Empowerment == Metswedi == ho8uc4wv05yligjd06wig2m6w3mc5um 56125 56123 2026-10-02T07:31:26Z VNGao 10152 56125 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Maggie_Anderson_(activist)|Maggie Anderson]]''' ( yo o tshotsweng ele Margarita o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a supa le bongwe) ke molwelwa kgololesego wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, [[:en:Chief_executive_officer|moeteledipele]] le [[:en:Organizational_founder|mosimolodi wa setlamo]] sa Empowerment Experiment le monna wa gagwe John Anderson.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocus_(software)]<ref>"[https://ww1.prweb.com/prfiles/2012/03/12/9276286/MargaritaAnderson_Bio2011.pdf MARGARITA ANDERSON IS THE FOUNDER AND CEO OF THE EMPOWERMENT EXPERIMENT (EE) AND THE EMPOWERMENT EXPERIMENT FOUNDATION, INC]" (PDF). Vocus. March 12, 2012. Retrieved 2026-10-02.</ref><ref> "[https://www.chicagotribune.com/2009/03/09/buying-black/ Buying black"]. [[:en:Chicago_Tribune|Chicago Tribune]]. March 9, 2009. Retrieved 2026-10-02.</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Gagwe == Anderson o goletse kwa [[:en:Liberty_City_(Miami)|Liberty City mo Miami kwa Florida]] mme a aloga ka digerata kwa dikolong tsa ithutela tiro tsa Emory University le [[:en:University_of_Chicago|University of Chicago]]. Monna wa gagwe, John Anderson, otswa kwa [[:en:Detroit|Detroit]], mme tsene sekolo sa ithutela tiro kwa [[:en:Harvard_College|Harvard]], mme o alogile ka dimasetase tsa kgwebo(MBA) kwa [[:en:Kellogg_School_of_Management|Kellogg School of Management]]. Ba ile ba nna le leano la go simolola setlamo kwa lefelong la dijo le le turu koo ba neng ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa gone la [[:en:Tru_(restaurant)|Tru restaurant]] kwa Chicago's [[:en:Magnificent_Mile|Magnificent Mile.]] Anderson oithutetse [[:en:U.S._Constitution|dithuto tsa molao]] ka fa tlase ga tlhokomele kana kgakololo ya ga [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] kwa sekolong sa molao sa [[:en:University_of_Chicago_Law_School|Chicago Law School]]. Ene ele ene [[:en:Senior_management|moeteledipele]] kwa setlamong sa dijo sa [[:en:McDonald's|McDonald's]]. Anderson le ba lelwapa la gagwe ba feditse ngwaga otlhe wa ketepedi le borobabongwe ba kgetholola ka bomo ditlamo tse dingwe mme ba reka fela mo ditlamong tsa batho bantsho go gaisa tse dingwe. One a kwala lekwalo leo le neng le supa maitemogelo, a supa jalo gore gago bonolo go bona dikgwebo tsa batho bantsho, mme ebile batho ba reka fela kwa ditlamong kana dikgwebo tsa merafe ya batho ba ikgatholosa tsa merafe e mengwe. Anderson o nnile le katlego mo go tseneleleng mananeo a sepolotiki ago buelela batho bantsho ba akaretsa [[:en:United_States_House_of_Representatives|Rep]]. [[:en:John_Lewis|John Lewis]], [[:en:List_of_mayors_of_Atlanta|Ratoropo wa Atlanta]] [[:en:Bill_Campbell_(mayor)|Bill Campbell]], le Barack Obama's go emela bo [[:en:United_States_Senate|khanselara mo Amerika]].O dirile tiro gape a direla setlamo sa [[:en:Rainbow/PUSH|RainbowPUSH Coalition]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120331163204/http://www.empowernewsmag.com/listings.php?article=2307 The Empowerment Experiment Foundation, Inc. - Board of Directors]". Docstoc, Inc. Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2026-10-02</ref> == Dibuka/Makwalo == In 2012, Anderson one a gatisa lelwalo kana buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya ''Our Black Year: One Family's Quest to Buy Black in America's Racially Divided Economy'', yeo ae kwadilweng le mokwadi [[:en:Ted_Gregory|Ted Gregory]], mmega dikgang yo o fentseng seetsele sa Pulitzer wa [[:en:Chicago_Tribune|Chicago Tribune]]. Lekwalo le le tlhalosa jalo ka tshokolo eo a nnileng le yone le ba lelwapa la gagwe ee neng ele mo semorafeng mabapi le tsa kgwebo. Anderson o kwadile abo a gatisa dibuka tsa itloso bodutu di akaretsa; * ''A Night of Passion (2015)'' * ''Driving Me Crazy (2016)'' * ''Wolf Blood (2017)'' * ''Wolf Curse (2017'' * ''Christmas, Mistletoe and You (2017)'' * ''Wolf Lover (2019)'' * ''Wolf Bonds (2021)'' == Bona Gape == * African-American businesses * Black Economic Empowerment == Metswedi == 14ds9z4b3njmr9vje1vg1weaslinsfq 56127 56125 2026-10-02T07:47:00Z VNGao 10152 /* Botshelo Jwa Gagwe */ 56127 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Maggie_Anderson_(activist)|Maggie Anderson]]''' ( yo o tshotsweng ele Margarita o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a supa le bongwe) ke molwelwa kgololesego wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, [[:en:Chief_executive_officer|moeteledipele]] le [[:en:Organizational_founder|mosimolodi wa setlamo]] sa Empowerment Experiment le monna wa gagwe John Anderson.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocus_(software)]<ref>"[https://ww1.prweb.com/prfiles/2012/03/12/9276286/MargaritaAnderson_Bio2011.pdf MARGARITA ANDERSON IS THE FOUNDER AND CEO OF THE EMPOWERMENT EXPERIMENT (EE) AND THE EMPOWERMENT EXPERIMENT FOUNDATION, INC]" (PDF). Vocus. March 12, 2012. Retrieved 2026-10-02.</ref><ref> "[https://www.chicagotribune.com/2009/03/09/buying-black/ Buying black"]. [[:en:Chicago_Tribune|Chicago Tribune]]. March 9, 2009. Retrieved 2026-10-02.</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Gagwe == Anderson o goletse kwa [[:en:Liberty_City_(Miami)|Liberty City mo Miami kwa Florida]] mme a aloga ka digerata kwa dikolong tsa ithutela tiro tsa Emory University le [[:en:University_of_Chicago|University of Chicago]]. Monna wa gagwe, John Anderson, otswa kwa [[:en:Detroit|Detroit]], mme tsene sekolo sa ithutela tiro kwa [[:en:Harvard_College|Harvard]], mme o alogile ka dimasetase tsa kgwebo(MBA) kwa [[:en:Kellogg_School_of_Management|Kellogg School of Management]]. Ba ile ba nna le leano la go simolola setlamo kwa lefelong la dijo le le turu koo ba neng ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa gone la [[:en:Tru_(restaurant)|Tru restaurant]] kwa Chicago's [[:en:Magnificent_Mile|Magnificent Mile.]]<ref name=":1">Shropshire, Terry (December 12, 2011). "[https://rollingout.com/2011/12/12/maggie-anderson-pens-book-%e2%80%98our-black-year%e2%80%99-about-buying-from-black-businesses-for-entire-year/ Maggie Anderson Pens Book, 'Our Black Year,' About Buying From Black Businesses for Entire Year"]. Rolling Out - Black News, Celebrity Videos, Entertainment, Business & Politics. Retrieved 2026-10-02</ref> Anderson oithutetse [[:en:U.S._Constitution|dithuto tsa molao]] ka fa tlase ga tlhokomele kana kgakololo ya ga [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] kwa sekolong sa molao sa [[:en:University_of_Chicago_Law_School|Chicago Law School]]. Ene ele ene [[:en:Senior_management|moeteledipele]] kwa setlamong sa dijo sa [[:en:McDonald's|McDonald's]].<ref name=":1" /> Anderson le ba lelwapa la gagwe ba feditse ngwaga otlhe wa ketepedi le borobabongwe ba kgetholola ka bomo ditlamo tse dingwe mme ba reka fela mo ditlamong tsa batho bantsho go gaisa tse dingwe. One a kwala lekwalo leo le neng le supa maitemogelo, a supa jalo gore gago bonolo go bona dikgwebo tsa batho bantsho, mme ebile batho ba reka fela kwa ditlamong kana dikgwebo tsa merafe ya batho ba ikgatholosa tsa merafe e mengwe. Anderson o nnile le katlego mo go tseneleleng mananeo a sepolotiki ago buelela batho bantsho ba akaretsa [[:en:United_States_House_of_Representatives|Rep]]. [[:en:John_Lewis|John Lewis]], [[:en:List_of_mayors_of_Atlanta|Ratoropo wa Atlanta]] [[:en:Bill_Campbell_(mayor)|Bill Campbell]], le Barack Obama's go emela bo [[:en:United_States_Senate|khanselara mo Amerika]].O dirile tiro gape a direla setlamo sa [[:en:Rainbow/PUSH|RainbowPUSH Coalition]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120331163204/http://www.empowernewsmag.com/listings.php?article=2307 The Empowerment Experiment Foundation, Inc. - Board of Directors]". Docstoc, Inc. Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2026-10-02</ref> == Dibuka/Makwalo == In 2012, Anderson one a gatisa lelwalo kana buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya ''Our Black Year: One Family's Quest to Buy Black in America's Racially Divided Economy'', yeo ae kwadilweng le mokwadi [[:en:Ted_Gregory|Ted Gregory]], mmega dikgang yo o fentseng seetsele sa Pulitzer wa [[:en:Chicago_Tribune|Chicago Tribune]]. Lekwalo le le tlhalosa jalo ka tshokolo eo a nnileng le yone le ba lelwapa la gagwe ee neng ele mo semorafeng mabapi le tsa kgwebo. Anderson o kwadile abo a gatisa dibuka tsa itloso bodutu di akaretsa; * ''A Night of Passion (2015)''<ref>Anderson, Maggie (October 22, 2015). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=TgX_wAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y A Night of Passion]. Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp Print Us. ISBN 9780992513924</ref> * ''Driving Me Crazy (2016)''<ref>Anderson, Maggie (December 9, 2016). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=cU4WMQAACAAJ&redir_esc=y Driving Me Crazy]. Bella Luna Books, Australia. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780992513931|9780992513931]].</ref> * ''Wolf Blood (2017)''<ref>Anderson, Maggie (February 8, 2017). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=T7MLtAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y Wolf Blood: A Moon Grove Paranormal Romance Thriller]. Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780992513979|9780992513962]].</ref> * ''Wolf Curse (2017'' * ''Christmas, Mistletoe and You (2017)'' * ''Wolf Lover (2019)'' * ''Wolf Bonds (2021)'' == Bona Gape == * African-American businesses * Black Economic Empowerment == Metswedi == 53bc0405s1qsd3i39m0dpcdc6x78k1p 56128 56127 2026-10-02T07:49:48Z VNGao 10152 /* Bona Gape */ 56128 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Maggie_Anderson_(activist)|Maggie Anderson]]''' ( yo o tshotsweng ele Margarita o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a supa le bongwe) ke molwelwa kgololesego wa letso la Amerika, mokwadi, [[:en:Chief_executive_officer|moeteledipele]] le [[:en:Organizational_founder|mosimolodi wa setlamo]] sa Empowerment Experiment le monna wa gagwe John Anderson.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocus_(software)]<ref>"[https://ww1.prweb.com/prfiles/2012/03/12/9276286/MargaritaAnderson_Bio2011.pdf MARGARITA ANDERSON IS THE FOUNDER AND CEO OF THE EMPOWERMENT EXPERIMENT (EE) AND THE EMPOWERMENT EXPERIMENT FOUNDATION, INC]" (PDF). Vocus. March 12, 2012. Retrieved 2026-10-02.</ref><ref> "[https://www.chicagotribune.com/2009/03/09/buying-black/ Buying black"]. [[:en:Chicago_Tribune|Chicago Tribune]]. March 9, 2009. Retrieved 2026-10-02.</ref> == Botshelo Jwa Gagwe == Anderson o goletse kwa [[:en:Liberty_City_(Miami)|Liberty City mo Miami kwa Florida]] mme a aloga ka digerata kwa dikolong tsa ithutela tiro tsa Emory University le [[:en:University_of_Chicago|University of Chicago]]. Monna wa gagwe, John Anderson, otswa kwa [[:en:Detroit|Detroit]], mme tsene sekolo sa ithutela tiro kwa [[:en:Harvard_College|Harvard]], mme o alogile ka dimasetase tsa kgwebo(MBA) kwa [[:en:Kellogg_School_of_Management|Kellogg School of Management]]. Ba ile ba nna le leano la go simolola setlamo kwa lefelong la dijo le le turu koo ba neng ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa gone la [[:en:Tru_(restaurant)|Tru restaurant]] kwa Chicago's [[:en:Magnificent_Mile|Magnificent Mile.]]<ref name=":1">Shropshire, Terry (December 12, 2011). "[https://rollingout.com/2011/12/12/maggie-anderson-pens-book-%e2%80%98our-black-year%e2%80%99-about-buying-from-black-businesses-for-entire-year/ Maggie Anderson Pens Book, 'Our Black Year,' About Buying From Black Businesses for Entire Year"]. Rolling Out - Black News, Celebrity Videos, Entertainment, Business & Politics. Retrieved 2026-10-02</ref> Anderson oithutetse [[:en:U.S._Constitution|dithuto tsa molao]] ka fa tlase ga tlhokomele kana kgakololo ya ga [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] kwa sekolong sa molao sa [[:en:University_of_Chicago_Law_School|Chicago Law School]]. Ene ele ene [[:en:Senior_management|moeteledipele]] kwa setlamong sa dijo sa [[:en:McDonald's|McDonald's]].<ref name=":1" /> Anderson le ba lelwapa la gagwe ba feditse ngwaga otlhe wa ketepedi le borobabongwe ba kgetholola ka bomo ditlamo tse dingwe mme ba reka fela mo ditlamong tsa batho bantsho go gaisa tse dingwe. One a kwala lekwalo leo le neng le supa maitemogelo, a supa jalo gore gago bonolo go bona dikgwebo tsa batho bantsho, mme ebile batho ba reka fela kwa ditlamong kana dikgwebo tsa merafe ya batho ba ikgatholosa tsa merafe e mengwe. Anderson o nnile le katlego mo go tseneleleng mananeo a sepolotiki ago buelela batho bantsho ba akaretsa [[:en:United_States_House_of_Representatives|Rep]]. [[:en:John_Lewis|John Lewis]], [[:en:List_of_mayors_of_Atlanta|Ratoropo wa Atlanta]] [[:en:Bill_Campbell_(mayor)|Bill Campbell]], le Barack Obama's go emela bo [[:en:United_States_Senate|khanselara mo Amerika]].O dirile tiro gape a direla setlamo sa [[:en:Rainbow/PUSH|RainbowPUSH Coalition]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120331163204/http://www.empowernewsmag.com/listings.php?article=2307 The Empowerment Experiment Foundation, Inc. - Board of Directors]". Docstoc, Inc. Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2026-10-02</ref> == Dibuka/Makwalo == In 2012, Anderson one a gatisa lelwalo kana buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya ''Our Black Year: One Family's Quest to Buy Black in America's Racially Divided Economy'', yeo ae kwadilweng le mokwadi [[:en:Ted_Gregory|Ted Gregory]], mmega dikgang yo o fentseng seetsele sa Pulitzer wa [[:en:Chicago_Tribune|Chicago Tribune]]. Lekwalo le le tlhalosa jalo ka tshokolo eo a nnileng le yone le ba lelwapa la gagwe ee neng ele mo semorafeng mabapi le tsa kgwebo. Anderson o kwadile abo a gatisa dibuka tsa itloso bodutu di akaretsa; * ''A Night of Passion (2015)''<ref>Anderson, Maggie (October 22, 2015). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=TgX_wAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y A Night of Passion]. Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp Print Us. ISBN 9780992513924</ref> * ''Driving Me Crazy (2016)''<ref>Anderson, Maggie (December 9, 2016). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=cU4WMQAACAAJ&redir_esc=y Driving Me Crazy]. Bella Luna Books, Australia. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780992513931|9780992513931]].</ref> * ''Wolf Blood (2017)''<ref>Anderson, Maggie (February 8, 2017). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=T7MLtAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y Wolf Blood: A Moon Grove Paranormal Romance Thriller]. Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780992513979|9780992513962]].</ref> * ''Wolf Curse (2017'' * ''Christmas, Mistletoe and You (2017)'' * ''Wolf Lover (2019)'' * ''Wolf Bonds (2021)'' == Bona Gape == * [[:en:Black-owned_business|African-American businesses]] * [[:en:Black_Economic_Empowerment|Black Economic Empowerment]] == Metswedi == o8x4l8u33cz9ckabnkknx58nbz2e0fw 0 15445 56112 2026-10-02T06:04:13Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350154521|Christine Darden]]" 56112 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Darden''' ( yo '''o''' tshotsweng ka kgwediya Lwetse e le lesome,ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bobedi (1942) ke moitsaanape wa difofane wa Moamerika yo o dirisitseng bontsi jwa nako ya gagwe ya dingwaga di le masome a mane a dira tiro ya gagwe ya difofane kwa [[:en:Senior_Executive_Service_(United_States)|NASA]] go dira patlisiso ka difofane tse di fetlhang modumo o o kwa godimo le difofane tse di fetlhang modumo . E ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika-Amerika kwa Setheong sa Patlisiso sa Langley sa [[:en:Senior_Executive_Service_(United_States)|NASA]] go tlhatlhosiwa go nna mmereki wa maemo a matona wa Khuduthamaga, ([[:en:Senior_Executive_Service_(United_States)|Senior Executive Service]]) e leng maemo a a kwa godimo mo bodirelapusong . Darden ke mongwe wa babatlisisi ba ba tlhagisiwang mo bukeng ''ya [[:en:Hidden_Figures_(book)|Hidden Figures]] :'' ''The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race'' (2016), ditso tsa bangwe ba basadi ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ba dipalo ba Maaforika-Amerika le boitsaanape kwa NASA mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga ka Margot LeeShetter . <ref name="hidden">{{Cite book |last=Shetterly |first=Margot Lee |year=2016 |title=Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race |url=https://archive.org/details/hiddenfiguresame0000shet/page/202 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=9780062363596 |location=New York, United States |pages=[https://archive.org/details/hiddenfiguresame0000shet/page/202 202]}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), Darden o ne a neelwa Tlotla ya [[:en:Congressional_Gold_Medal|Congressional Gold Medal]] . <ref name="congress">{{Cite web |date=8 November 2019 |title=H.R.1396 - Hidden Figures Congressional Gold Medal Act |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/1396?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22hr1396%22%5D%7D&r=1&s=1 |access-date=9 November 2019 |website=Congress.gov}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Christine Mann o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le lesome, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bobedi, ke morutabana wa sekolo Desma l. Cheney le moemedi wa inšorense Noah Horace Mann yo Motona kwa Monroe, kwa Carolina Bokone . Batsadi ka bobedi ba ne ba mo kgothaletsa gore a nne le thuto ya boleng. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=29 March 2013 |title=NASA - Standing on the Shoulders of a Computer |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_CDarden.html |access-date=2016-09-09 |website=www.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Go simolola ka dingwaga di le tharo, Darden o ne a tlisiwa ke mmaagwe kwa phaposiborutelong ya gagwe kwa a neng a ruta teng, mme fa a le dingwaga di le nne, Darden o ne a ikwadisa kwa sekolong sa bana ba bannye . Fa a le kwa sekolong se sebotlana, Darden o ne a kgatlhegela thata go thuba le go aga sesha dilo tse di dirisiwang ka metšhini tse di tshwanang le baesekele ya gagwe. <ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Kessler |first=James H. |year=1996 |title=Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th Century |url=https://archive.org/details/distinguishedafr00kess/page/60 |last2=Kidd |first2=J.S. |last3=Kidd |first3=Renée S. |last4=Morin |first4=Katherine A. |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=9780897749558 |location=Phoenix, Arizona |pages=[https://archive.org/details/distinguishedafr00kess/page/60 60–63]}}</ref> Darden o weditse dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bofelo tse pedi tsa sekolo se se potlana kwa Sekolong se Segolwane sa Allen, e leng sekolo se se nang le marobalo kwa Asheville, kwa Carolina Bokone . O ne a aloga e le moithuti yo gaisitseng ([[:en:Valedictorian|valedictorian]]) ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabobedi ( 1958), mme morago ga moo a neelwa thuso ya madi a go tsena Sekolo se setona sa Hampton, e e neng e bidiwa Hampton Institute ka nako eo. Ka nako ya dithuto tsa gagwe kwa Hampton, o ne a nna le seabe mo dipopelelong dingwe tsa ntlha tsa Mokgatlho wa Ditshwanelo tsa Banni . <ref name="hidden" /> O ne a tsaya karolo mo bokopanong bo le mmalwa jwa baithuti mmogo le balekane ba gagwe ba bangwe ba batho Bantsho. <ref name=":2" /> Mann o ne a aloga kwa Hampton ka BS mo Dipalong ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bobedi (1962). Gape o ne a bona setilankana sa borutabana, mme a ruta dipalo kwa sekolong se setona ka nako e khutshwane. <ref name=":0" /> == Tiro == === Go ruta === Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boraro (1963), Mann o ne a nyala Walter L. Darden yo Mmotlana, morutabana wa maranyana kwa sekolong se sa maemo a fa gare. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (1965) o ne a nna mothusapatlisiso kwa sekolo sa [[:en:Virginia_State_College|Virginia State College]], a ithuta ya aerosol physics . Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bosupa (1967), Darden o ne a bona dikirii ya MS kwa Virginia State mme a ruta koo. <ref name="Oakes">{{Cite book |last=Oakes |first=Elizabeth |date=2002 |title=International Encyclopedia of Women Scientists |url=https://archive.org/details/internationalenc00oake/page/81 |publisher=[[Facts on File]] |isbn=0-8160-4381-7 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/internationalenc00oake/page/81 81–82]}}</ref> === Lefelo la Patlisiso la Langley === Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bosupa (1967), Darden o ne a simolola go bereka e le [[:en:Human_computer|human Computer]] kwa Lefelo la Patlisiso la Langley kwa NASA. Ka nako eo, dikhomphutara di ne di ntse di dirisiwa thata go dira dipalelo tse di kopakopaneng kgotsa tse di thata go ema nokeng baitsaananape le go dira mealo. Lephata, le le kileng la bo le neetswe tiro ya go dira dintlha tse dintsi tsa tshedimosetso ya diteko tsa mealo tse di kokoantsweng, ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane ( 1940) le ne le itsege jaaka "human computers" tse di neng di le botlhokwa mo tirong ya NASA. Ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro, bontsi jwa basadi bao ba ne ba bona ditšhono tsa go gatela pele e le bomaitsaanape. <ref name="Atkinson">{{Cite web |last=Atkinson |first=Joe |date=2015-08-24 |title=From Computers to Leaders: Women at NASA Langley |url=http://www.nasa.gov/larc/from-computers-to-leaders-women-at-nasa-langley |access-date=2016-09-09 |publisher=NASA Langley}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro (1983), Darden o ne a bona dikirii ya D.Sc. mo boenjenering go tswa kwa sekolong se setona sa [[:en:George_Washington_University|George Washington University]] mme o ne a tlhatlhosiwa maemo go nna moenjenere wa lefaufau . O ne a dira tiro e e kgethegileng ya go sekaseka modumo o o fetlhang . <ref name="nasa3">{{Cite web |last=Bradshaw |first=Julia |date=11 July 2022 |title=Christine M. Darden |url=https://www.nasa.gov/langley/hall-of-honor/2022/christine-m-darden/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313170638/https://www.nasa.gov/langley/hall-of-honor/2022/christine-m-darden/ |archive-date=13 March 2023 |website=NASA}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989), Darden o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moeteledipele wa setlhopha sa sonic boom, e leng setlamo se se thusang Thulaganyo ya Patlisiso ya Lobelo lo lo Kwa Godimo (HSR). O ne a dira mealo go fokotsa ditlamorago tse di sa siamang tsa go thunya ga modumo,di tshwana le kgotlhelo ya modumo le ga ozone layer . Setlhopha sa gagwe se ne sa leka ditlhamo tse disha tsa diphuka le dinko tsa difofane tse di nang le modumo o o fetlhang o le montsi. <ref name="Oakes" /> Thulaganyo eo e ne ya phimolwa ke puso ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998), "ntle le tuelo ya balatedi kgotsa kitsiso ya bobegadikgang." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reynolds |first=Randolph S. |date=2004 |title=An Overview of the Demise of NASA's High Speed Research Program |url=http://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1536&context=jaaer |journal=Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research |volume=14 |issue=1 |doi=10.58940/2329-258X.1536 |s2cid=109477225 |access-date=September 8, 2016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kakaretso ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998) e e gatisitsweng ke Darden e tlhalosa thulaganyo eo e le e e neng e itebagantse le "maranyane a tlhokegang go tlhama Dipalangwa tsa Lobelo lo lo Kwa Godimo tse di sa senyeng tikologo, tse di somarelang madi <ref name="dard3">{{Cite journal |last=Darden |first=Christine |date=September 11, 1998 |title=An Overview of NASA's HSR Program: Environmental Issues and Economic Concerns |url=http://www.cs.odu.edu/~mln/ltrs-pdfs/NASA-98-eccmas-cmd.pdf |journal=European Community on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences}}</ref> Darden o ne a kwala ditlhogo di feta masome a matlhano mo lephateng ka kakaretso la go tlhama difofane, a dira tiro e e kgethegileng ya go elela ga difofane tse di fetang modumo le go tlhama di- flap, mmogo le go bolelela pele le go fokotsa di- sonic boom. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999), Darden o ne a nna mokaedi wa Ofisi ya Botsamaisi jwa Lefelo la go Dira Difofane. E ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika-Amerika kwa Langley go tlhatlhosiwa go nna modiri yo motona wa Khuduthamaga, e leng maemo a a kwa godimo mo bodirelapusong . Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, Darden o ne a rola tiro kwa NASA e le mokaedi wa Ofisi ya Puisano ya Togamaano le Thuto. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_07retirees.html|title=More Than 40 Take the Buyout, Retire|date=April 4, 2007|work=The Researcher News|access-date=September 8, 2016}}</ref> === Dietsele === Ka ngwaga wam1985, Darden o ne a amogela seetsele sa Dr.A.T Weathers Technical Achievement Award go tswa kwa lelokong la National Technical Association. O amogetse seetsele sa Candace go tswa go Kopano ya Bosetšhaba ya Basadi ba Bantsho ba le lekgolo ka ngwaga wa 1987. <ref name="page2">{{Cite web |title=CANDACE AWARD RECIPIENTS 1982-1990, Page 2 |url=http://www.ncbw.org/programs/award2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314212510/http://www.ncbw.org/programs/award2.html |archive-date=March 14, 2003 |website=National Coalition of 100 Black Women}}</ref> O ne a amogela Ditlankana di le tharo tsa Tiro e e Tlhomologileng go tswa kwa Setheong sa Patlisiso sa Langley: ka ngwaga wa 1989, 1991, le wa 1992. <ref name="Oakes" /> Ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ele masome a mabedi le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa 2018, Darden o ne a amogela seetsele sa Presidential Citizenship kwa Sekolong se setona Hampton e le go mo akgolela seabe sa gagwe le tirelo ya gagwe". <ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 24, 2018 |title=Hampton University to celebrate Founder's Day with founder's great-grandson, alumni |url=http://www.dailypress.com/news/education/dp-nws-hampton-university-founders-day-2018-story.html |journal=Daily Press}}</ref> Darden o amogetse dikirii ya tlotlo go tswa kwa [[:en:North_Carolina_State_University|North Carolina State University]] ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le lesome le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA Engineer, Leader to Give NC State Fall Commencement Speech |url=https://news.ncsu.edu/2018/11/2018-fall-commencement-speech/}}</ref> Gape Darden o ne a newa dikirii ya tlotlo go tswa kwa sekolong se seona sa George Washington ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Commencement Week 2019: What You Need to Know |url=https://gwtoday.gwu.edu/commencement-week-2019-what-you-need-know}}</ref> Ka ngawaga wa 2019, Darden o ne a neelwa [[:en:Congressional_Gold_Medal|Congressional Gold Medal.]] <ref name="congress" /> O ne a neela Thuto ya ga Christine Darden kwa Moletlong wa Dipalo wa ngwaga wa 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Invited Addresses {{!}} Mathematical Association of America |url=https://www.maa.org/node/2567109/ |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=www.maa.org}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] hdmq0kfp70yvybvidvwrp5nsi46rjyb 56114 56112 2026-10-02T06:09:30Z MmaBaggio 11091 56114 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Darden''' ( yo '''o''' tshotsweng ka kgwediya Lwetse e le lesome,ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bobedi (1942) ke moitsaanape wa difofane wa Moameri {{Infobox scientist|name=Christine Darden|image=Christine Darden.jpg|caption=Christine Darden kwa Langley's Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel ka ngwaga wa 1975. Credit: NASA|birth_name=Christine Mann|birth_date={{birth-date and age|September 10, 1942}}|birth_place=[[Monroe, North Carolina]], U.S.|fields=[[Aeronautical engineering]]|education=[[Hampton University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br>[[Virginia State University]] ([[Master of Science|MS]])<br>[[George Washington University]] ([[Doctor of Science|DSc]])|known_for=Technical Leader of NASA's Sonic Boom Group|awards=Dr. A. T. Weathers Technical Achievement Award, 1985<br/>Senior Executive Career Development Fellowship, 1994<br/>Candace Award for Science and Technology from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women, 1987}} ka yo o dirisitseng bontsi jwa nako ya gagwe ya dingwaga di le masome a mane a dira tiro ya gagwe ya difofane kwa [[:en:Senior_Executive_Service_(United_States)|NASA]] go dira patlisiso ka difofane tse di fetlhang modumo o o kwa godimo le difofane tse di fetlhang modumo . E ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika-Amerika kwa Setheong sa Patlisiso sa Langley sa [[:en:Senior_Executive_Service_(United_States)|NASA]] go tlhatlhosiwa go nna mmereki wa maemo a matona wa Khuduthamaga, ([[:en:Senior_Executive_Service_(United_States)|Senior Executive Service]]) e leng maemo a a kwa godimo mo bodirelapusong . Darden ke mongwe wa babatlisisi ba ba tlhagisiwang mo bukeng ''ya [[:en:Hidden_Figures_(book)|Hidden Figures]] :'' ''The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race'' (2016), ditso tsa bangwe ba basadi ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ba dipalo ba Maaforika-Amerika le boitsaanape kwa NASA mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga ka Margot LeeShetter . <ref name="hidden">{{Cite book |last=Shetterly |first=Margot Lee |year=2016 |title=Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race |url=https://archive.org/details/hiddenfiguresame0000shet/page/202 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=9780062363596 |location=New York, United States |pages=[https://archive.org/details/hiddenfiguresame0000shet/page/202 202]}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), Darden o ne a neelwa Tlotla ya [[:en:Congressional_Gold_Medal|Congressional Gold Medal]] . <ref name="congress">{{Cite web |date=8 November 2019 |title=H.R.1396 - Hidden Figures Congressional Gold Medal Act |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/1396?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22hr1396%22%5D%7D&r=1&s=1 |access-date=9 November 2019 |website=Congress.gov}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Christine Mann o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le lesome, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bobedi, ke morutabana wa sekolo Desma l. Cheney le moemedi wa inšorense Noah Horace Mann yo Motona kwa Monroe, kwa Carolina Bokone . Batsadi ka bobedi ba ne ba mo kgothaletsa gore a nne le thuto ya boleng. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=29 March 2013 |title=NASA - Standing on the Shoulders of a Computer |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_CDarden.html |access-date=2016-09-09 |website=www.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Go simolola ka dingwaga di le tharo, Darden o ne a tlisiwa ke mmaagwe kwa phaposiborutelong ya gagwe kwa a neng a ruta teng, mme fa a le dingwaga di le nne, Darden o ne a ikwadisa kwa sekolong sa bana ba bannye . Fa a le kwa sekolong se sebotlana, Darden o ne a kgatlhegela thata go thuba le go aga sesha dilo tse di dirisiwang ka metšhini tse di tshwanang le baesekele ya gagwe. <ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Kessler |first=James H. |year=1996 |title=Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th Century |url=https://archive.org/details/distinguishedafr00kess/page/60 |last2=Kidd |first2=J.S. |last3=Kidd |first3=Renée S. |last4=Morin |first4=Katherine A. |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=9780897749558 |location=Phoenix, Arizona |pages=[https://archive.org/details/distinguishedafr00kess/page/60 60–63]}}</ref> Darden o weditse dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bofelo tse pedi tsa sekolo se se potlana kwa Sekolong se Segolwane sa Allen, e leng sekolo se se nang le marobalo kwa Asheville, kwa Carolina Bokone . O ne a aloga e le moithuti yo gaisitseng ([[:en:Valedictorian|valedictorian]]) ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabobedi ( 1958), mme morago ga moo a neelwa thuso ya madi a go tsena Sekolo se setona sa Hampton, e e neng e bidiwa Hampton Institute ka nako eo. Ka nako ya dithuto tsa gagwe kwa Hampton, o ne a nna le seabe mo dipopelelong dingwe tsa ntlha tsa Mokgatlho wa Ditshwanelo tsa Banni . <ref name="hidden" /> O ne a tsaya karolo mo bokopanong bo le mmalwa jwa baithuti mmogo le balekane ba gagwe ba bangwe ba batho Bantsho. <ref name=":2" /> Mann o ne a aloga kwa Hampton ka BS mo Dipalong ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bobedi (1962). Gape o ne a bona setilankana sa borutabana, mme a ruta dipalo kwa sekolong se setona ka nako e khutshwane. <ref name=":0" /> == Tiro == === Go ruta === Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boraro (1963), Mann o ne a nyala Walter L. Darden yo Mmotlana, morutabana wa maranyana kwa sekolong se sa maemo a fa gare. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (1965) o ne a nna mothusapatlisiso kwa sekolo sa [[:en:Virginia_State_College|Virginia State College]], a ithuta ya aerosol physics . Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bosupa (1967), Darden o ne a bona dikirii ya MS kwa Virginia State mme a ruta koo. <ref name="Oakes">{{Cite book |last=Oakes |first=Elizabeth |date=2002 |title=International Encyclopedia of Women Scientists |url=https://archive.org/details/internationalenc00oake/page/81 |publisher=[[Facts on File]] |isbn=0-8160-4381-7 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/internationalenc00oake/page/81 81–82]}}</ref> === Lefelo la Patlisiso la Langley === Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bosupa (1967), Darden o ne a simolola go bereka e le [[:en:Human_computer|human Computer]] kwa Lefelo la Patlisiso la Langley kwa NASA. Ka nako eo, dikhomphutara di ne di ntse di dirisiwa thata go dira dipalelo tse di kopakopaneng kgotsa tse di thata go ema nokeng baitsaananape le go dira mealo. Lephata, le le kileng la bo le neetswe tiro ya go dira dintlha tse dintsi tsa tshedimosetso ya diteko tsa mealo tse di kokoantsweng, ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane ( 1940) le ne le itsege jaaka "human computers" tse di neng di le botlhokwa mo tirong ya NASA. Ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro, bontsi jwa basadi bao ba ne ba bona ditšhono tsa go gatela pele e le bomaitsaanape. <ref name="Atkinson">{{Cite web |last=Atkinson |first=Joe |date=2015-08-24 |title=From Computers to Leaders: Women at NASA Langley |url=http://www.nasa.gov/larc/from-computers-to-leaders-women-at-nasa-langley |access-date=2016-09-09 |publisher=NASA Langley}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro (1983), Darden o ne a bona dikirii ya D.Sc. mo boenjenering go tswa kwa sekolong se setona sa [[:en:George_Washington_University|George Washington University]] mme o ne a tlhatlhosiwa maemo go nna moenjenere wa lefaufau . O ne a dira tiro e e kgethegileng ya go sekaseka modumo o o fetlhang . <ref name="nasa3">{{Cite web |last=Bradshaw |first=Julia |date=11 July 2022 |title=Christine M. Darden |url=https://www.nasa.gov/langley/hall-of-honor/2022/christine-m-darden/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313170638/https://www.nasa.gov/langley/hall-of-honor/2022/christine-m-darden/ |archive-date=13 March 2023 |website=NASA}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989), Darden o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moeteledipele wa setlhopha sa sonic boom, e leng setlamo se se thusang Thulaganyo ya Patlisiso ya Lobelo lo lo Kwa Godimo (HSR). O ne a dira mealo go fokotsa ditlamorago tse di sa siamang tsa go thunya ga modumo,di tshwana le kgotlhelo ya modumo le ga ozone layer . Setlhopha sa gagwe se ne sa leka ditlhamo tse disha tsa diphuka le dinko tsa difofane tse di nang le modumo o o fetlhang o le montsi. <ref name="Oakes" /> Thulaganyo eo e ne ya phimolwa ke puso ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998), "ntle le tuelo ya balatedi kgotsa kitsiso ya bobegadikgang." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reynolds |first=Randolph S. |date=2004 |title=An Overview of the Demise of NASA's High Speed Research Program |url=http://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1536&context=jaaer |journal=Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research |volume=14 |issue=1 |doi=10.58940/2329-258X.1536 |s2cid=109477225 |access-date=September 8, 2016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kakaretso ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998) e e gatisitsweng ke Darden e tlhalosa thulaganyo eo e le e e neng e itebagantse le "maranyane a tlhokegang go tlhama Dipalangwa tsa Lobelo lo lo Kwa Godimo tse di sa senyeng tikologo, tse di somarelang madi <ref name="dard3">{{Cite journal |last=Darden |first=Christine |date=September 11, 1998 |title=An Overview of NASA's HSR Program: Environmental Issues and Economic Concerns |url=http://www.cs.odu.edu/~mln/ltrs-pdfs/NASA-98-eccmas-cmd.pdf |journal=European Community on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences}}</ref> Darden o ne a kwala ditlhogo di feta masome a matlhano mo lephateng ka kakaretso la go tlhama difofane, a dira tiro e e kgethegileng ya go elela ga difofane tse di fetang modumo le go tlhama di- flap, mmogo le go bolelela pele le go fokotsa di- sonic boom. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999), Darden o ne a nna mokaedi wa Ofisi ya Botsamaisi jwa Lefelo la go Dira Difofane. E ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika-Amerika kwa Langley go tlhatlhosiwa go nna modiri yo motona wa Khuduthamaga, e leng maemo a a kwa godimo mo bodirelapusong . Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, Darden o ne a rola tiro kwa NASA e le mokaedi wa Ofisi ya Puisano ya Togamaano le Thuto. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_07retirees.html|title=More Than 40 Take the Buyout, Retire|date=April 4, 2007|work=The Researcher News|access-date=September 8, 2016}}</ref> === Dietsele === Ka ngwaga wam1985, Darden o ne a amogela seetsele sa Dr.A.T Weathers Technical Achievement Award go tswa kwa lelokong la National Technical Association. O amogetse seetsele sa Candace go tswa go Kopano ya Bosetšhaba ya Basadi ba Bantsho ba le lekgolo ka ngwaga wa 1987. <ref name="page2">{{Cite web |title=CANDACE AWARD RECIPIENTS 1982-1990, Page 2 |url=http://www.ncbw.org/programs/award2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314212510/http://www.ncbw.org/programs/award2.html |archive-date=March 14, 2003 |website=National Coalition of 100 Black Women}}</ref> O ne a amogela Ditlankana di le tharo tsa Tiro e e Tlhomologileng go tswa kwa Setheong sa Patlisiso sa Langley: ka ngwaga wa 1989, 1991, le wa 1992. <ref name="Oakes" /> Ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ele masome a mabedi le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa 2018, Darden o ne a amogela seetsele sa Presidential Citizenship kwa Sekolong se setona Hampton e le go mo akgolela seabe sa gagwe le tirelo ya gagwe". <ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 24, 2018 |title=Hampton University to celebrate Founder's Day with founder's great-grandson, alumni |url=http://www.dailypress.com/news/education/dp-nws-hampton-university-founders-day-2018-story.html |journal=Daily Press}}</ref> Darden o amogetse dikirii ya tlotlo go tswa kwa [[:en:North_Carolina_State_University|North Carolina State University]] ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le lesome le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA Engineer, Leader to Give NC State Fall Commencement Speech |url=https://news.ncsu.edu/2018/11/2018-fall-commencement-speech/}}</ref> Gape Darden o ne a newa dikirii ya tlotlo go tswa kwa sekolong se seona sa George Washington ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Commencement Week 2019: What You Need to Know |url=https://gwtoday.gwu.edu/commencement-week-2019-what-you-need-know}}</ref> Ka ngawaga wa 2019, Darden o ne a neelwa [[:en:Congressional_Gold_Medal|Congressional Gold Medal.]] <ref name="congress" /> O ne a neela Thuto ya ga Christine Darden kwa Moletlong wa Dipalo wa ngwaga wa 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Invited Addresses {{!}} Mathematical Association of America |url=https://www.maa.org/node/2567109/ |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=www.maa.org}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] d4l0g8aanjbe8upiee1sro5ac9ukcko 0 15446 56116 2026-10-02T06:27:56Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372970832|Vallateen Virginia Dudley Abbington]]" 56116 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vallateen Virginia Dudley Abbington''' (O tshoswe ka ngwaga wa 1907 – Go filha ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le lesome le boraro, ngwaga wa 2003) e ne e le molweladitshwanelo tsa Moaforika wa kwa Amerika, morutabana, le mmaboipelego. O itsege ka go nna mongongoregi mo ''kgetsing ya ga Abbington kgatlhanong le khuduthamaga ya Thuto ya Louisville'', koo a neng a lwela gore dituelo tsa barutabana di lekalekane kwa Louisville, Kentucky . == Botshelo jwa gagwe le thuto == O ne a tsholelwa kwa magaeng a Indiana ka ngwaga wa 1907 mme e ne e le mongwe wa bana ba le robedi. O tsene sa [[:en:Michigan_State_Normal_College|Michigan State Normal College,]] koo a neng a tsenelela mokgatlho wa basadi wa [[:en:Alpha_Kappa_Alpha|Alpha Kappa Alpha]] teng . Fa a sena go fetsa sekolo o ne a nyala Jesse Matthew Abbington mme kgabagare bobedi joo bo ne jwa fudugela kwa Louisville mme moragonyana kwa St. Fa Abbington a ne a le kwa Missouri, o ne a wetsa dithuto tsa Masters mo go tsa boipelego <ref name="Smith-2015">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Gerald L. |date=2015-08-28 |title=The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MPiACgAAQBAJ&q=Vallateen+Virginia+Dudley+Abbington&pg=PT41 |last2=McDaniel |first2=Karen Cotton |last3=Hardin |first3=John A. |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0-8131-6067-2 |language=en}}</ref> Abbington o ne a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le lesome le boraro,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003), kwa Los Angeles, kwa California, mme o fitlhilwe kwa Mabitleng a [[:en:Jefferson_Barracks_National_Cemetery|Jefferson Barracks National Cementry]] kwa St. Louis. == Ditshwanelo tsa banni == Fa Abbington a ne a nna kwa Louisville, o ne a ruta kwa Sekolong se Segolwane sa Jackson. O ne a lemoga gore ene le barutabana ba bangwe ba Maaforika a kwa Amerika ba ne ba duelwa madi a a kwa tlase thata go feta balekane ba bone ba batho basweu, mme seo se ne sa dira gore a kopane le NAACP go isa kgang eo kwa kgotlatshekelo mo kgetsing ya ngwaga wa 1940 ''ya Abbington kgatlhanong le khuduthamaga ya Thuto ya Louisville'' . <ref>{{Cite news|date=November 16, 1940|title=News|url=https://newspapers.library.in.gov/?a=d&d=INR19401116-01.1.9&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> Pele ga se NAACP e ne e itemogetse mathata a go batla morutabana yo o neng a batla go tswelela ka kgetsi, ka gonne barutabana ba le bantsi ba batho bantsho ba ne ba tshaba go latlhegelwa ke ditiro tsa bone ka nako ya Kwelotlase e tona ya Itsholelo . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Adams |first=Luther |date=2010 |title=Way Up North in Louisville: African American Migration in the Urban South, 1930-1970 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h7bfFbcgL8wC&q=%22Valla+Dudley+Abbington%22&pg=PA93 |publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-0-8078-3422-0 |pages=93–94 |language=en}}</ref> Mo kgetsing eo o ne a bua gore go nne le tekatekano ya dituelo, ka gonne Abbington le barutabana ba bangwe ba Maaforika a kwa Amerika ba ne ba amogela go tswa go $1,490 fa barutabana ba batho basweu bone ba ne ba amogela $1,750. Kgetsi e ne ya ya kwa Kgotlatshekelong ya Kgaolo ya Bosetšhaba mme khuduthamaga ya sekolo e ne ya itsise Abbington gore ba tla duela botlhe ka madi a a lekanang fa a ka tlogela kgetsi ya gagwe kgatlhanong le bone, e leng se ba neng ba se dira ka ngwaga wa 1941. Eo e ne e le kgetsi ya boraro e e ntseng jalo ya NAACP le kgetsi ya ntlha e e ntseng jalo kwa Kentucky. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abbington v Board of Education of Louisville (KY) |url=https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/1790 |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=Notable Kentucky African Americans Database}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |date=1992 |title=A History of Blacks in Kentucky: In pursuit of equality, 1890-1980 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sOObecifof8C&q=%22Valla+Dudley+Abbington%22&pg=PA166 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0-916968-21-2 |pages=166–167 |language=en}}</ref> Fa a sena go fudugela kwa St. Louis, Abbington o ne a tswelela go nna matlhagatlhaga mo ditshwanelong tsa banni mme a leka go kgaoganya matlo a setšhaba a batho ba lotseno lo lo kwa tlase le kereke ya gagwe ya [[:en:Trinity_Episcopal_Church_(St._Louis,_Missouri)|Trinity Episcopal]] . <ref name="Smith-2015" /> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] s33ml9e1ymw62t03jepz5y56x1sgrsz 56117 56116 2026-10-02T06:31:43Z MmaBaggio 11091 56117 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vallateen Virginia Dudley Abbington''' (O tshoswe ka ngwaga wa 1907 – Go filha ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le lesome le boraro, ngwaga wa 2003) e ne e le molweladitshwanelo tsa Moaforika wa kwa Amerika, morutabana, le mmaboipelego. O itsege ka go nna mongongoregi mo ''kgetsing ya ga Abbington kgatlhanong le khuduthamaga ya Thuto ya Louisville'', koo a neng a lwela gore dituelo tsa barutabana di lekalekane kwa Louisville, Kentucky . {{Infobox person|name=Vallateen Virginia Dudley Abbington|birth_date=1907|birth_place=Indiana|death_date=Phalane 13, {{|2003|1907}}|death_place=Los Angeles, California|occupation=Molweladitshwanelo, Morutabana, Mmaboipelego}} == Botshelo jwa gagwe le thuto == O ne a tsholelwa kwa magaeng a Indiana ka ngwaga wa 1907 mme e ne e le mongwe wa bana ba le robedi. O tsene sa [[:en:Michigan_State_Normal_College|Michigan State Normal College,]] koo a neng a tsenelela mokgatlho wa basadi wa [[:en:Alpha_Kappa_Alpha|Alpha Kappa Alpha]] teng . Fa a sena go fetsa sekolo o ne a nyala Jesse Matthew Abbington mme kgabagare bobedi joo bo ne jwa fudugela kwa Louisville mme moragonyana kwa St. Fa Abbington a ne a le kwa Missouri, o ne a wetsa dithuto tsa Masters mo go tsa boipelego <ref name="Smith-2015">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Gerald L. |date=2015-08-28 |title=The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MPiACgAAQBAJ&q=Vallateen+Virginia+Dudley+Abbington&pg=PT41 |last2=McDaniel |first2=Karen Cotton |last3=Hardin |first3=John A. |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0-8131-6067-2 |language=en}}</ref> Abbington o ne a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le lesome le boraro,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003), kwa Los Angeles, kwa California, mme o fitlhilwe kwa Mabitleng a [[:en:Jefferson_Barracks_National_Cemetery|Jefferson Barracks National Cementry]] kwa St. Louis. == Ditshwanelo tsa banni == Fa Abbington a ne a nna kwa Louisville, o ne a ruta kwa Sekolong se Segolwane sa Jackson. O ne a lemoga gore ene le barutabana ba bangwe ba Maaforika a kwa Amerika ba ne ba duelwa madi a a kwa tlase thata go feta balekane ba bone ba batho basweu, mme seo se ne sa dira gore a kopane le NAACP go isa kgang eo kwa kgotlatshekelo mo kgetsing ya ngwaga wa 1940 ''ya Abbington kgatlhanong le khuduthamaga ya Thuto ya Louisville'' . <ref>{{Cite news|date=November 16, 1940|title=News|url=https://newspapers.library.in.gov/?a=d&d=INR19401116-01.1.9&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> Pele ga se NAACP e ne e itemogetse mathata a go batla morutabana yo o neng a batla go tswelela ka kgetsi, ka gonne barutabana ba le bantsi ba batho bantsho ba ne ba tshaba go latlhegelwa ke ditiro tsa bone ka nako ya Kwelotlase e tona ya Itsholelo . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Adams |first=Luther |date=2010 |title=Way Up North in Louisville: African American Migration in the Urban South, 1930-1970 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h7bfFbcgL8wC&q=%22Valla+Dudley+Abbington%22&pg=PA93 |publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-0-8078-3422-0 |pages=93–94 |language=en}}</ref> Mo kgetsing eo o ne a bua gore go nne le tekatekano ya dituelo, ka gonne Abbington le barutabana ba bangwe ba Maaforika a kwa Amerika ba ne ba amogela go tswa go $1,490 fa barutabana ba batho basweu bone ba ne ba amogela $1,750. Kgetsi e ne ya ya kwa Kgotlatshekelong ya Kgaolo ya Bosetšhaba mme khuduthamaga ya sekolo e ne ya itsise Abbington gore ba tla duela botlhe ka madi a a lekanang fa a ka tlogela kgetsi ya gagwe kgatlhanong le bone, e leng se ba neng ba se dira ka ngwaga wa 1941. Eo e ne e le kgetsi ya boraro e e ntseng jalo ya NAACP le kgetsi ya ntlha e e ntseng jalo kwa Kentucky. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abbington v Board of Education of Louisville (KY) |url=https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/1790 |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=Notable Kentucky African Americans Database}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |date=1992 |title=A History of Blacks in Kentucky: In pursuit of equality, 1890-1980 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sOObecifof8C&q=%22Valla+Dudley+Abbington%22&pg=PA166 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0-916968-21-2 |pages=166–167 |language=en}}</ref> Fa a sena go fudugela kwa St. Louis, Abbington o ne a tswelela go nna matlhagatlhaga mo ditshwanelong tsa banni mme a leka go kgaoganya matlo a setšhaba a batho ba lotseno lo lo kwa tlase le kereke ya gagwe ya [[:en:Trinity_Episcopal_Church_(St._Louis,_Missouri)|Trinity Episcopal]] . <ref name="Smith-2015" /> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 843tbkf10q10c1yqnxirqx9e3898khe 0 15447 56119 2026-10-02T06:42:00Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Dorothy Masuka #BLT2026 56119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Dorothy Masuka|image=Dorothy Masuka.jpg|birth_date=Lwetse a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa 1935|birth_place=Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (kwa e leng [[Zimbabwe]] gompieno)|death_date=Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa 2019|death_place=[[Johannesburg]] [[Aforika Borwa]]|occupation=Seopedi-mokwadi wa dipina|years active=1951 go tsena 2019}} '''Dorothy Masuka''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mararo le botlhano ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a mararo, a tlhokafala ka Tlhakole a le masome a mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe) e ne e le seopedi sa mmino wa jazz kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] o o tsholetsweng kwa [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/people/dorothy-masuka "Dorothy Masuka | South African History Online".] ''www.sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 2 October 2026.</ref> == Tiro ya moopelo == Dipina tsa ga Masuka di ne di itsege kwa Aforika Borwa mo dingwageng tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano, mme fa dipina tsa gagwe di simolola go tlhwaafala, puso e ne ya simolola go mmotsolosa. Pina ya gagwe ya "Dr. Malan", e e amang melao e e thata, e ne ya thibelwa, ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le motso o ne a opelela [[Patrice Lumumba]] pina e e neng ya baka gore a tshabe.<ref name=":1">Sheldon, Kathleen E. (2005). ''Historical dictionary of women in Sub-Saharan Africa''. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/0810853310|&nbsp;<bdi>0810853310</bdi>]]. [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/56967121 56967121.]</ref> Go tshaba ga gagwe go tsere dingwaga di le masome a mararo le motso tsotlhe ka nako e o o ne a nna kwa [[Zambia]] a bereka e le motlhokomedi wa bapagami ba difofane. O ne a boela kwa Zimbabwe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi morago ga boipuso.<ref name=":1" /> Ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso, Dorothy Masuka le Mfundi Vundla, motlhami wa motshameko wa kwa Aforika Borwa o o itsegeng thata wa ''Generations'', ba ne ba tlhomamisa maano a go dira filimi ya botshelo jwa ga Masuka. Filimi e tlaa itebaganya le dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bobedi go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bosupa.<ref>[https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-entertainment-sc-celebrity-byo-6745-article-Dorothy+Masuka's+life+to+be+captured+in+film+.html#google_vignette "Dorothy Masuka's life to be captured in film".] ''Bulawayo24''. 23 August 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2026.</ref> Ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa, o ne a tlhagelela mo moletlong wa "The Jazz Epistles a na le Abdullah Ibrahim & Ekaya", kwa The Town Hall, kwa New York, a simolola moletlo ka tiragatso e e mashetla morago ga e nngwe, a thuthafatsa a bo a kgatlha morafe.<ref>Bilawsky, Dan[https://www.allaboutjazz.com/the-jazz-epistles-featuring-abdullah-ibrahim-and-ekaya-at-the-town-hall-abdullah-ibrahim-by-dan-bilawsky , "The Jazz Epistles Featuring Abdullah Ibrahim & Ekaya At The Town Hall"], ''All About Jazz'', 1 May 2017.</ref> Dorothy Masuka o tlhokafetse ka Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe kwa [[Johannesburg]], a le dingwaga di le masome a robabobedi le boraro.<ref>[https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-dorothy-masuka-dies/4801348.html Veteran Zimbabwe Jazz Maestro Dorothy Masuka Dies: ''VOA''] ''Zimbabwe'' website. Retrieved on 2 October 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 5fwwnvz92mtx0k0igd4ycd0f60j4alt 0 15448 56120 2026-10-02T06:52:17Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346457351|Elva Lee C. Abdal-Khallaq]]" 56120 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elva Lee Abdal-Khallaq''' (yo o tshotsweng ke Collins; c. ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bone go fitlha ka ngwaha wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (1914 -2010) e ne e le morutabana, mong wa kgwebo, le molweladitshwanelo tsa banni yo o neng a nna kwa Boston. <ref name="baystatebanner">{{Cite web |title=Matriach of A Nubian Notion, Inc. family dies at 96 – The Bay State Banner |url=https://www.baystatebanner.com/2010/11/23/matriach-of-a-nubian-notion-inc-family-dies-at-96/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=www.baystatebanner.com}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa ntlha le thuto == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>Abdal-Khallaq o tsholetswe kwa Baldwin, Louisiana . O goletse kwa Houston, Texas, mme a tsena sekolo se setona koo. Abdal-Khallaq o ne a nyala monna wa gagwe e bong Malik mme a fudugela kwa Boston, Massachusetts . == Tiro == Kwa Boston, Abdal-Khallaq o ne a simolola A ''Nubia Notion'' mmogo le monna wa gagwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Event will celebrate 50 years of history for 'Nubian Notion' – The Bay State Banner |url=https://baystatebanner.com/2013/04/10/event-will-celebrate-50-years-of-history-for-nubian-notion-2/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=baystatebanner.com}}</ref> e e neng e le mo lefelong la [[:en:Nubian_Square|Dudley Square]] kwa Roxbury, e ne e le lebenkele le le tlhageletseng le le neng le itebagantse le Aforika kwa Boston ka dingwaga di le dintsi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dudley {{!}} City of Boston |url=https://www.cityofboston.gov/deckthecity/2012/dudley.asp |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=www.cityofboston.gov}}</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990), lebenkele le ne la bula lefelo le lengwe kwa seteišeneng sa Ruggles . Mafelo ao ka bobedi fa e sa le a tswalwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Nubian Notion to close doors – The Bay State Banner |url=https://baystatebanner.com/2016/04/20/a-nubian-notion-to-close-doors/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=baystatebanner.com}}</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, Abdal-Khallaq o ne a ruta kwa dikolong di le mmalwa tsa banni. <ref name="baystatebanner" /> mme e ne e le mokwaledi wa go rekota wa setlhopha sa Goldenaires, se se neng se le kwa [[:en:Freedom_House_(Roxbury,_Massachusetts)|Freedom House]] kwa Roxbury, go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989) go ya kwa go sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro (1993) . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Minutes of Goldenaires meeting held May 14, 1992 |url=https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth-oai:dr278s60p |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=www.digitalcommonwealth.org |language=en}}</ref> == Ditlotla le Dietsele == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023), Abdal-Khallaq o ne a amogelwa jaaka mongwe wa "baeteledipele ba Basadi ba batho Bantsho ba ba eletsegang thata, ba ba ratiwang thata, le ba ba atlegileng ba Boston" ke tiro ya Basadi ba batho Bantsho ba Baeteledipele. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Women Lead |url=http://www.greatergrovehall.org/black-women-lead/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204004128/http://www.greatergrovehall.org/black-women-lead/ |archive-date=2024-12-04 |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Greater Grove Hall Main Streets |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Mike |date=2023-10-04 |title=Portraits along Blue Hill Avenue honor Boston's Black women leaders |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/portraits-honor-boston-black-women-leaders-roxbury/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=CBS Boston |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gaskin |first=Ed |date=10 April 2025 |title=Black Women Lead: Boston's Most Admired, Beloved, and Iconic Leaders, 1700 - Present |publisher=Independently published |isbn=979-8317465209 |language=en}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] ls1s9ilnlaz5efbrw5q1s515wz6kdus 56121 56120 2026-10-02T06:55:27Z MmaBaggio 11091 56121 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elva Lee Abdal-Khallaq''' (yo o tshotsweng ke Collins; c. ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bone go fitlha ka ngwaha wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (1914 -2010) e ne e le morutabana, mong wa kgwebo, le molweladitshwanelo tsa banni yo o neng a nna kwa Boston. <ref name="baystatebanner">{{Cite web |title=Matriach of A Nubian Notion, Inc. family dies at 96 – The Bay State Banner |url=https://www.baystatebanner.com/2010/11/23/matriach-of-a-nubian-notion-inc-family-dies-at-96/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=www.baystatebanner.com}}</ref> {{Infobox person|birth_date={{circa|1914}}<ref name="baystatebanner"/>|birth_place=[[Baldwin, Louisiana]]|death_date=Nngwanaatsele 18, 2010}} == Botshelo jwa ntlha le thuto == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>Abdal-Khallaq o tsholetswe kwa [[Baldwin]], Louisiana . O goletse kwa [[Houston]], [[Texas]], mme a tsena sekolo se setona koo. Abdal-Khallaq o ne a nyala monna wa gagwe e bong Malik mme a fudugela kwa [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] . == Tiro == Kwa Boston, Abdal-Khallaq o ne a simolola A ''Nubia Notion'' mmogo le monna wa gagwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Event will celebrate 50 years of history for 'Nubian Notion' – The Bay State Banner |url=https://baystatebanner.com/2013/04/10/event-will-celebrate-50-years-of-history-for-nubian-notion-2/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=baystatebanner.com}}</ref> e e neng e le mo lefelong la [[:en:Nubian_Square|Dudley Square]] kwa Roxbury, e ne e le lebenkele le le tlhageletseng le le neng le itebagantse le Aforika kwa Boston ka dingwaga di le dintsi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dudley {{!}} City of Boston |url=https://www.cityofboston.gov/deckthecity/2012/dudley.asp |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=www.cityofboston.gov}}</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990), lebenkele le ne la bula lefelo le lengwe kwa seteišeneng sa Ruggles . Mafelo ao ka bobedi fa e sa le a tswalwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Nubian Notion to close doors – The Bay State Banner |url=https://baystatebanner.com/2016/04/20/a-nubian-notion-to-close-doors/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=baystatebanner.com}}</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, Abdal-Khallaq o ne a ruta kwa dikolong di le mmalwa tsa banni. <ref name="baystatebanner" /> mme e ne e le mokwaledi wa go rekota wa setlhopha sa Goldenaires, se se neng se le kwa [[:en:Freedom_House_(Roxbury,_Massachusetts)|Freedom House]] kwa [[Roxbury]], go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989) go ya kwa go sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro (1993) . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Minutes of Goldenaires meeting held May 14, 1992 |url=https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth-oai:dr278s60p |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=www.digitalcommonwealth.org |language=en}}</ref> == Ditlotla le Dietsele == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023), Abdal-Khallaq o ne a amogelwa jaaka mongwe wa "baeteledipele ba Basadi ba batho Bantsho ba ba eletsegang thata, ba ba ratiwang thata, le ba ba atlegileng ba Boston" ke tiro ya Basadi ba batho Bantsho ba Baeteledipele. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Women Lead |url=http://www.greatergrovehall.org/black-women-lead/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204004128/http://www.greatergrovehall.org/black-women-lead/ |archive-date=2024-12-04 |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Greater Grove Hall Main Streets |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Mike |date=2023-10-04 |title=Portraits along Blue Hill Avenue honor Boston's Black women leaders |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/portraits-honor-boston-black-women-leaders-roxbury/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=CBS Boston |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gaskin |first=Ed |date=10 April 2025 |title=Black Women Lead: Boston's Most Admired, Beloved, and Iconic Leaders, 1700 - Present |publisher=Independently published |isbn=979-8317465209 |language=en}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] b5e6718npanb46vkjek4j4n4whyixgb 0 15449 56124 2026-10-02T07:28:03Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371707615|Abdullah H. Abdur-Razzaq]]" 56124 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdullah H. Abdur-Razzaq''' (O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa 1931 – A bo a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Ngwanaitseele e le masome a mabedi le bongwe, ngwaga wa 2014) e ne e le molweladitshwanelo tsa Moaforika-Amerika le Momoseleme yo o neng a itsege ka go nna mongwe wa ditsala tse di ikanyegang thata tsa ga [[:en:Malcolm_X|Malcolm X.]] O ne a tsholwa e le '''James Monroe King Warden''', o ne a itsege e le '''James 67X''' mo gare ga maloko ka ene a Setšhaba sa Boiselamo mme, moragonyana, e le '''James Shabazz,''' morago ga go kgaogana ga gagwe le mokgatlho ong. <ref name="ColumbiaUniversity">{{Cite journal |last=Felber |first=Garrett A. |year=2010 |title=James 67X Shabazz Oral History |journal=Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=143–149 |doi=10.1080/10999941003784946 |s2cid=142811572}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Abdullah Abdur-Razzaq o tsholetswe kwa Brooklyn, New York, mme o goletse kwa tikologong ya [[:en:Morningside_Heights_(New_York_City)|Morningside Heights]] kwa Manhattan . <ref name="Daily Local">{{Cite web |last=Barber |first=Chris |date=April 15, 2013 |title=Malcolm X aide discusses his life and times |url=http://www.dailylocal.com/article/DL/20130415/ENTERTAINMENT01/130419754 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034740/http://www.dailylocal.com/article/DL/20130415/ENTERTAINMENT01/130419754 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |access-date=November 24, 2017 |website=[[Daily Local News]]}}</ref> O tsene sekolo kwa sekolong sa [[:en:The_Bronx_High_School_of_Science|The Bronx High School of Science]], se a neng a aloga kwa go sone ka maemo a a kwa godimo . <ref name="Black Lives">{{Cite web |date=December 17, 2014 |title=Abdullah H. Abdur-Razzaq, Chief Aide to Malcolm X |url=http://design2pro.com/ourtimepress/2014/86/files/assets/downloads/publication.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214550/https://design2pro.com/ourtimepress/2014/86/files/assets/downloads/publication.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=November 24, 2017 |website=[[Our Time Press]] |page=11}}</ref> O ne a ikwadisa kwa [[:en:City_College_of_New_York|College of New York]] mme morago ga ngwaga a fudugela kwa [[:en:Lincoln_University_(Pennsylvania)|Lincoln University]] kwa Chester County kwa Pennsylvania . <ref name="Daily Local" /> Go ise go ye kae o ne a tlogela sekolo seo go tsenelela Sesole . Fa a sena go gololwa, o ne a boela kwa Lincoln mme a aloga ka honors mo Seesemaneng ka ngwaga wa 1958. <ref name="Black Lives" /> <ref name="Philly">{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Kristin E. |date=April 9, 2013 |title=A former associate and Lincoln U. grad shares memories of Malcolm X |url=http://articles.philly.com/2013-04-09/news/38376461_1_malcolm-x-audubon-ballroom-muhammad-speaks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093145/http://articles.philly.com/2013-04-09/news/38376461_1_malcolm-x-audubon-ballroom-muhammad-speaks |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=September 24, 2017 |website=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]}}</ref> O amogetse masters degree ya kwa Sekolong se setona sa Columbia . <ref name="ColumbiaUniversity" /> == Tiro ya gagwe == Ka ngwaga wa 1958, <ref name="ColumbiaUniversity" /> Abdur-Razzaq o ne a nna leloko la Setšhaba sa Boiselamo kwa [[:en:Mosque_No._7|Mosque No. 7]], mo 102 West 116 Street kwa New York City . Jaaka go ne go tlwaelegile mo malokong a Nation of Islam, o ne a tlogela sefane sa gagwe (se e neng e sa ntse e le Warden ka nako eo) e le masalela a bokgoba jwa chattel mme a nna James wa bo masome a marataro le bosupa mo Mosque No. 7. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abdullah Abdur-Raazaq |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ccbh/mxp/raazaq.html |access-date=November 24, 2017 |publisher=The Malcolm X Project at Columbia University}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1960, <ref name="ColumbiaUniversity" /> Abdullah o ne a tlhatlhositswe go nna lieutenant mo [[:en:Fruit_of_Islam|Fruit of Islam]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 3, 1993 |title=Imam Yusuf Shah, 65, Black Muslim Leader |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/03/obituaries/imam-yusuf-shah-65-black-muslim-leader.html |access-date=November 24, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Morago ga moo, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna motsamaisi wa go anamisa dibuka tsa ''[[:en:Muhammad_Speaks|Muhammad Speaks]]'' kwa New York, New Jersey, le [[:en:Connecticut|Connecticut]], mme a ikarabela ka tlhamalalo kwa go Malcolm X. Abdullah o ne a kgaogana le Setšhaba sa Boiselamo ka bonako fela morago ga Malcolm X mme a kopanele le Malcolm go tlhama [[:en:Connecticut|MuslimMosque , Inc.]] A sa ntse a itsiwe e le James 67X, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna mokwaledi wa mokgatlho ong le mokapotene wa banna. O ne a tsaya leina la James Shabazz. Mokaulengwe James, jaaka a ne a bidiwa ka dinako tse dingwe, gape o ne a na le boikarabelo jwa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa [[:en:Organization_of_Afro-American_Unity|Organization of Afro-American Unity,]] mokgatlho wa lefatshe o Malcolm X le ene a neng a o akantse, o o neng o tshwana le Addis Ababa, [[Mokgatlho wa Kutlwano ya Aforika|Mokgatlho wa Kutlwano wa Baaforika]] wa [[Ethiopia]], o ka one Malcolm X a neng a ikaeletse go o atlhola [[USA|United States]] ka go tlola ditshwanelo tsa batho. Abdullah e ne e le mothusi wa ga Malcolm X ka metlha le yo o ikemiseditseng, mo maemong a gagwe a go nna tlhogo ya Muslim Mosque , Inc. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Acknowledgements |url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/malcolmx/filmmore/a.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050526133003/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/malcolmx/filmmore/a.html |archive-date=May 26, 2005 |access-date=November 24, 2017 |website=[[Malcolm X: Make It Plain]] |publisher=[[PBS]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref> le go nna tlhogo ya Mokgatlho wa Kutlwano ya Maaforika le Amerika. O ne a nna le Malcolm X, mme a mo thusa ka tlhagafalo, go fitlha moeteledipele yoo a bolawa ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le masome a mabedi le bongwe, ngwaga wa 1965. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 8, 2017 |title=Malcolm X |url=https://www.biography.com/people/malcolm-x-9396195 |access-date=November 24, 2017 |publisher=[[Biography.com]]}}</ref> === Malatsi a morago ga Malcolm X === Abdullah o ne a fetsa dingwaga morago ga polao ya ga Malcolm X a godisa lelwapa le go simolola Sekolo sa Al-Karim (se moragonyana se neng se tla nna Dikolo tse di tumileng tsa Khamphase ya Cush kwa Brooklyn) le mosadi wa gagwe, Ora Abdur-Razzaq. Moragonyana o ne a fudugela kwa Guyana, kwa a neng a bereka teng e le molemimorui. Fa a boela kwa US ka ngwaga wa 1988, o ne a bona degree ya booki, mme o ne a bereka e le mooki go fitlha a tlogela tiro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004). <ref name="Philly" /> Mo dingwageng tsa gagwe tsa moragonyana, tiro ya ga Abdur-Razzaq jaaka mogakolodi wa badiri ba lekalana la [[:en:Schomburg_Center_for_Research_in_Black_Culture|Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture]] e ne e le botlhokwa thata mo go kwaleng lenaane la dinepe tse di sa tlwaelegang, makwalo le dipego tsa botshelo le dinako tsa ga Malcolm X. Mo godimo ga moo, boitseanape jwa gagwe bo ne jwa kopiwa thata ke babegadikgang, bakwadi, batlhami ba difilimi le barutabana. Mo godimo ga dithuso tsa gagwe mo dibukeng tse dintsi tse di gatisitsweng, di tshwana ''Malcolm X :Last Speeches,'' Abdur-Razzaq o ne a tlhagelela mo dipotsolotsong di le mmalwa tsa Setshwantsho sa motshikinyego le mo difiliming, go akaretsa le ''[[:en:Malcolm_X:_Make_It_Plain|Malcolm X: Make It Plain]]'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2005 |title=Malcolm X: Make it Plain |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2005/5/19/malcolm_x_make_it_plain |access-date=October 2, 2016 |website=[[Democracy Now!]]}}</ref> le ''[[:en:Like_It_Is_(TV_series)|Like It Is]]'' ya ga [[:en:Gil_Noble|Gil Noble]] . Mofuta wa DVD wa J''ack Baxter Brother Minister: The Assassination of Malcolm X'' e sa akaretsa "Puisano e e Kgethegileng le Abdullah Abdur-Razzaq, molekane yo o gaufi thata wa ga Malcolm X". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snider |first=Eric D. |date=December 6, 2005 |title=Brother Minister: The Assassination of Malcolm X |url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/19128/brother-minister-the-assassination-of-malcolm-x/ |access-date=November 24, 2017 |publisher=[[DVD Talk]]}}</ref> == Dingwaga tsa bofelo le loso == Ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro( 2013,) Abdur-Razzaq o ne a boela kwa Sekolong se setona sa Lincoln go ya go bua ka dilo tse a di gakologelwang le maitemogelo a gagwe fa a ne a dira le Malcolm X. <ref name="Lincolnian">{{Cite web |last=Durant |first=Lorel |last2=Oates |first2=Alex |date=April 12, 2013 |title=Malcolm X top Aide Visits Lincoln speaks on Life with Malcolm |url=https://thelincolnianonline.wordpress.com/2013/04/12/malcolm-x-top-aide-visits-lincoln-speaks-on-life-with-malcolm/ |access-date=October 2, 2016 |website=The Lincolnian}}</ref> <ref name="Daily Local" /> <ref name="Philly" /> Abdullah o tlhokafetse ka ntlha ya kankere ya madi ka ngwaga wa Ngwanaitseele e le masome a mabedi le bongwe, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), a le dingwaga di le masome a robabobedi le bobedi , kwasepateleng sa Bellevue, kwa Kips Bay, Manhattan . O ne a tlogela bana ba le lesome le bongwe. Mosadi wa gagwe Yvonne Warden o ne a mo etelela pele mo losong. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 25, 2014 |title=Elected Officials, Community Leaders Gather to Pay Last Respect to Abdullah H. Abdur-Razzaq, Malcolm X's Last Chief Aid and Confidant |url=https://www.bkreader.com/2014/11/elected-officials-community-leaders-gather-to-pay-last-respect-to-abdullah-h-abdur-razzaq-malcolm-xs-last-chief-aid-and-confidant/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042714/https://www.bkreader.com/2014/11/elected-officials-community-leaders-gather-to-pay-last-respect-to-abdullah-h-abdur-razzaq-malcolm-xs-last-chief-aid-and-confidant/ |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |access-date=November 24, 2017 |website=The Brooklyn Reader}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] s7gkc1ptq9d81piy8px9ek21m5osnle 56126 56124 2026-10-02T07:32:48Z MmaBaggio 11091 56126 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdullah H. Abdur-Razzaq''' (O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa 1931 – A bo a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Ngwanaitseele e le masome a mabedi le bongwe, ngwaga wa 2014) e ne e le molweladitshwanelo tsa Moaforika-Amerika le Momoseleme yo o neng a itsege ka go nna mongwe wa ditsala tse di ikanyegang thata tsa ga [[:en:Malcolm_X|Malcolm X.]] {{Infobox person|name=Abdullah H. Abdur-Razzaq|other names=James 67X, James Shabazz|birth_name=James Monroe King Warden|birth_date={{birth date|1931|12|20}}|birth_place=[[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.|death_date={{death date and age|2014|11|21|1931|12|20}}|death_place=Bellevue Hospital Center, [[Kips Bay, Manhattan]], New York, U.S.|education=[[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)|Lincoln University]]<br>[[Columbia University]]|occupation=[[Mokwadi]], [[Molweladitshwanelo]]}} O ne a tsholwa e le '''James Monroe King Warden''', o ne a itsege e le '''James 67X''' mo gare ga maloko ka ene a Setšhaba sa Boiselamo mme, moragonyana, e le '''James Shabazz,''' morago ga go kgaogana ga gagwe le mokgatlho ong. <ref name="ColumbiaUniversity">{{Cite journal |last=Felber |first=Garrett A. |year=2010 |title=James 67X Shabazz Oral History |journal=Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=143–149 |doi=10.1080/10999941003784946 |s2cid=142811572}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Abdullah Abdur-Razzaq o tsholetswe kwa Brooklyn, New York, mme o goletse kwa tikologong ya [[:en:Morningside_Heights_(New_York_City)|Morningside Heights]] kwa Manhattan . <ref name="Daily Local">{{Cite web |last=Barber |first=Chris |date=April 15, 2013 |title=Malcolm X aide discusses his life and times |url=http://www.dailylocal.com/article/DL/20130415/ENTERTAINMENT01/130419754 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034740/http://www.dailylocal.com/article/DL/20130415/ENTERTAINMENT01/130419754 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |access-date=November 24, 2017 |website=[[Daily Local News]]}}</ref> O tsene sekolo kwa sekolong sa [[:en:The_Bronx_High_School_of_Science|The Bronx High School of Science]], se a neng a aloga kwa go sone ka maemo a a kwa godimo . <ref name="Black Lives">{{Cite web |date=December 17, 2014 |title=Abdullah H. Abdur-Razzaq, Chief Aide to Malcolm X |url=http://design2pro.com/ourtimepress/2014/86/files/assets/downloads/publication.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214550/https://design2pro.com/ourtimepress/2014/86/files/assets/downloads/publication.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=November 24, 2017 |website=[[Our Time Press]] |page=11}}</ref> O ne a ikwadisa kwa [[:en:City_College_of_New_York|College of New York]] mme morago ga ngwaga a fudugela kwa [[:en:Lincoln_University_(Pennsylvania)|Lincoln University]] kwa Chester County kwa Pennsylvania . <ref name="Daily Local" /> Go ise go ye kae o ne a tlogela sekolo seo go tsenelela Sesole . Fa a sena go gololwa, o ne a boela kwa Lincoln mme a aloga ka honors mo Seesemaneng ka ngwaga wa 1958. <ref name="Black Lives" /> <ref name="Philly">{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Kristin E. |date=April 9, 2013 |title=A former associate and Lincoln U. grad shares memories of Malcolm X |url=http://articles.philly.com/2013-04-09/news/38376461_1_malcolm-x-audubon-ballroom-muhammad-speaks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093145/http://articles.philly.com/2013-04-09/news/38376461_1_malcolm-x-audubon-ballroom-muhammad-speaks |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=September 24, 2017 |website=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]}}</ref> O amogetse masters degree ya kwa Sekolong se setona sa Columbia . <ref name="ColumbiaUniversity" /> == Tiro ya gagwe == Ka ngwaga wa 1958, <ref name="ColumbiaUniversity" /> Abdur-Razzaq o ne a nna leloko la Setšhaba sa Boiselamo kwa [[:en:Mosque_No._7|Mosque No. 7]], mo 102 West 116 Street kwa New York City . Jaaka go ne go tlwaelegile mo malokong a Nation of Islam, o ne a tlogela sefane sa gagwe (se e neng e sa ntse e le Warden ka nako eo) e le masalela a bokgoba jwa chattel mme a nna James wa bo masome a marataro le bosupa mo Mosque No. 7. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abdullah Abdur-Raazaq |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ccbh/mxp/raazaq.html |access-date=November 24, 2017 |publisher=The Malcolm X Project at Columbia University}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1960, <ref name="ColumbiaUniversity" /> Abdullah o ne a tlhatlhositswe go nna lieutenant mo [[:en:Fruit_of_Islam|Fruit of Islam]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 3, 1993 |title=Imam Yusuf Shah, 65, Black Muslim Leader |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/03/obituaries/imam-yusuf-shah-65-black-muslim-leader.html |access-date=November 24, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Morago ga moo, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna motsamaisi wa go anamisa dibuka tsa ''[[:en:Muhammad_Speaks|Muhammad Speaks]]'' kwa New York, New Jersey, le [[:en:Connecticut|Connecticut]], mme a ikarabela ka tlhamalalo kwa go Malcolm X. Abdullah o ne a kgaogana le Setšhaba sa Boiselamo ka bonako fela morago ga Malcolm X mme a kopanele le Malcolm go tlhama [[:en:Connecticut|MuslimMosque , Inc.]] A sa ntse a itsiwe e le James 67X, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna mokwaledi wa mokgatlho ong le mokapotene wa banna. O ne a tsaya leina la James Shabazz. Mokaulengwe James, jaaka a ne a bidiwa ka dinako tse dingwe, gape o ne a na le boikarabelo jwa go tlhoma mokgatlho wa [[:en:Organization_of_Afro-American_Unity|Organization of Afro-American Unity,]] mokgatlho wa lefatshe o Malcolm X le ene a neng a o akantse, o o neng o tshwana le Addis Ababa, [[Mokgatlho wa Kutlwano ya Aforika|Mokgatlho wa Kutlwano wa Baaforika]] wa [[Ethiopia]], o ka one Malcolm X a neng a ikaeletse go o atlhola [[USA|United States]] ka go tlola ditshwanelo tsa batho. Abdullah e ne e le mothusi wa ga Malcolm X ka metlha le yo o ikemiseditseng, mo maemong a gagwe a go nna tlhogo ya Muslim Mosque , Inc. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Acknowledgements |url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/malcolmx/filmmore/a.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050526133003/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/malcolmx/filmmore/a.html |archive-date=May 26, 2005 |access-date=November 24, 2017 |website=[[Malcolm X: Make It Plain]] |publisher=[[PBS]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref> le go nna tlhogo ya Mokgatlho wa Kutlwano ya Maaforika le Amerika. O ne a nna le Malcolm X, mme a mo thusa ka tlhagafalo, go fitlha moeteledipele yoo a bolawa ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le masome a mabedi le bongwe, ngwaga wa 1965. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 8, 2017 |title=Malcolm X |url=https://www.biography.com/people/malcolm-x-9396195 |access-date=November 24, 2017 |publisher=[[Biography.com]]}}</ref> === Malatsi a morago ga Malcolm X === Abdullah o ne a fetsa dingwaga morago ga polao ya ga Malcolm X a godisa lelwapa le go simolola Sekolo sa Al-Karim (se moragonyana se neng se tla nna Dikolo tse di tumileng tsa Khamphase ya Cush kwa Brooklyn) le mosadi wa gagwe, Ora Abdur-Razzaq. Moragonyana o ne a fudugela kwa Guyana, kwa a neng a bereka teng e le molemimorui. Fa a boela kwa US ka ngwaga wa 1988, o ne a bona degree ya booki, mme o ne a bereka e le mooki go fitlha a tlogela tiro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004). <ref name="Philly" /> Mo dingwageng tsa gagwe tsa moragonyana, tiro ya ga Abdur-Razzaq jaaka mogakolodi wa badiri ba lekalana la [[:en:Schomburg_Center_for_Research_in_Black_Culture|Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture]] e ne e le botlhokwa thata mo go kwaleng lenaane la dinepe tse di sa tlwaelegang, makwalo le dipego tsa botshelo le dinako tsa ga Malcolm X. Mo godimo ga moo, boitseanape jwa gagwe bo ne jwa kopiwa thata ke babegadikgang, bakwadi, batlhami ba difilimi le barutabana. Mo godimo ga dithuso tsa gagwe mo dibukeng tse dintsi tse di gatisitsweng, di tshwana ''Malcolm X :Last Speeches,'' Abdur-Razzaq o ne a tlhagelela mo dipotsolotsong di le mmalwa tsa Setshwantsho sa motshikinyego le mo difiliming, go akaretsa le ''[[:en:Malcolm_X:_Make_It_Plain|Malcolm X: Make It Plain]]'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2005 |title=Malcolm X: Make it Plain |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2005/5/19/malcolm_x_make_it_plain |access-date=October 2, 2016 |website=[[Democracy Now!]]}}</ref> le ''[[:en:Like_It_Is_(TV_series)|Like It Is]]'' ya ga [[:en:Gil_Noble|Gil Noble]] . Mofuta wa DVD wa J''ack Baxter Brother Minister: The Assassination of Malcolm X'' e sa akaretsa "Puisano e e Kgethegileng le Abdullah Abdur-Razzaq, molekane yo o gaufi thata wa ga Malcolm X". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snider |first=Eric D. |date=December 6, 2005 |title=Brother Minister: The Assassination of Malcolm X |url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/19128/brother-minister-the-assassination-of-malcolm-x/ |access-date=November 24, 2017 |publisher=[[DVD Talk]]}}</ref> == Dingwaga tsa bofelo le loso == Ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro( 2013,) Abdur-Razzaq o ne a boela kwa Sekolong se setona sa Lincoln go ya go bua ka dilo tse a di gakologelwang le maitemogelo a gagwe fa a ne a dira le Malcolm X. <ref name="Lincolnian">{{Cite web |last=Durant |first=Lorel |last2=Oates |first2=Alex |date=April 12, 2013 |title=Malcolm X top Aide Visits Lincoln speaks on Life with Malcolm |url=https://thelincolnianonline.wordpress.com/2013/04/12/malcolm-x-top-aide-visits-lincoln-speaks-on-life-with-malcolm/ |access-date=October 2, 2016 |website=The Lincolnian}}</ref> <ref name="Daily Local" /> <ref name="Philly" /> Abdullah o tlhokafetse ka ntlha ya kankere ya madi ka ngwaga wa Ngwanaitseele e le masome a mabedi le bongwe, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), a le dingwaga di le masome a robabobedi le bobedi , kwasepateleng sa Bellevue, kwa Kips Bay, Manhattan. <ref>[https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/18094650-archive---may-2016---spoiler-thread---malcolm-x-a-life-of-reinvention-b?page=2 Profile], goodreads.com. Accessed March 27, 2024.</ref>O ne a tlogela bana ba le lesome le bongwe. Mosadi wa gagwe Yvonne Warden o ne a mo etelela pele mo losong. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 25, 2014 |title=Elected Officials, Community Leaders Gather to Pay Last Respect to Abdullah H. Abdur-Razzaq, Malcolm X's Last Chief Aid and Confidant |url=https://www.bkreader.com/2014/11/elected-officials-community-leaders-gather-to-pay-last-respect-to-abdullah-h-abdur-razzaq-malcolm-xs-last-chief-aid-and-confidant/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042714/https://www.bkreader.com/2014/11/elected-officials-community-leaders-gather-to-pay-last-respect-to-abdullah-h-abdur-razzaq-malcolm-xs-last-chief-aid-and-confidant/ |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |access-date=November 24, 2017 |website=The Brooklyn Reader}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] n18mjfcxv5d3g2onyq1gybxrgk7fi0p 0 15450 56129 2026-10-02T07:50:56Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345358202|Nehanda Abiodun]]" 56129 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nehanda Isoke Abiodun''' ( yo o tsholetsweng e le '''Cheri Laverne Dalton''' ; ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe,ngwaga wa 1950 – Go fitlha a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e le masome a mararo ngwaga wa 2019 ) e ne e le molweladitshwanelo tsa mmino [[Hip-hop|wa hip hop]] wa Moaforika wa kwa Amerika, mofetogedi wa montsho, le motshabi yo o neng a nna kwa [[Cuba]] . <ref name="nytobit">{{Cite news|title=Nehanda Abiodun, 68, Black Revolutionary Who Fled to Cuba, Dies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/08/obituaries/nehanda-abiodun-dead.html|accessdate=9 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209044618/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/08/obituaries/nehanda-abiodun-dead.html|archivedate=2019-02-09|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="lacey">{{Cite news|title=Cuba's Rap Vanguard Reaches Beyond the Party Line|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/15/world/americas/15cuba.html|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> Abiodun o ne a batliwa ke FBI mabapi le go thubiwa ga koloi ya ga Brink ka ngwaga wa 1981 mo go neng ga felela ka gore molebedi wa ga Brink le mapodise a mabedi a New York a bolawe. <ref name="fbi">{{Cite web |title=CHERI LAVERNE DALTON |url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/dt/cheri-laverne-dalton/view |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624040313/https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/dt/cheri-laverne-dalton/view |archive-date=2018-06-24 |access-date=9 February 2019 |website=Federal Bureau of Investigation |publisher=United States Government, Department of Justice |language=en-us}}</ref> Puso ya The United States federal le yone e ne ya atlhola Abiodun mabapi le go tshaba ga ga Assata Shakur kwa kgolegelong, mmogo le Susan Rosenberg . <ref>{{Cite news|title=TURMOIL CONTINUES AT BRINK'S HEARING|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/21/nyregion/turmoil-continues-at-brink-s-hearing.html|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> Abiodun o ne a le matlhagatlhaga mo kgaratlhong ya boipuso jwa Aforika e Ntšhwa kwa US mme o ne a itsaya e le moagi wa Rephaboliki ya Aforika e Ntšhwa . == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == O tshotswe e le Cheri Dalton kwa New York City ka ngwaga wa 1950, <ref name="nytobit" /> o ne a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya bolweladitshwanelo le batsadi ba gagwe a sa ntse a le ngwana. Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome, e ne e le morulaganyi wa bahiri. Dalton o ne a aloga kwa Sekolong se setona sa Columbia kwa New York ka ngwaga wa 1972. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharp |first=Rob |title=Rap on the run |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2008/08/hip-hop-cuban-abiodun-black |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617231624/http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2008/08/hip-hop-cuban-abiodun-black |archive-date=2016-06-17 |access-date=9 February 2019 |website=New Statesman America |publisher=New Statesman Media}}</ref> <ref name="exiled">{{Cite web |last=Sokol |first=Brett |date=7 September 2000 |title=Exiled in Havana |url=http://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/exiled-in-havana-6354908 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013060825/http://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/exiled-in-havana-6354908 |archive-date=2016-10-13 |access-date=9 February 2019 |website=Miami New Times |publisher=Voice Media Group}}</ref> == Tiro == Fa Abiodun a sena go tswa kwa Columbia, o ne a bereka kwa kokelong ya methadone kwa Harlem mme morago ga moo a bereka kwa Lincoln Detox Center, e leng lefelo la go dira diteko kwa Bronx Borwa. <ref name="nytobit" /> Moragonyana o ne a dira le Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho Bantsho, mme moragonyana a thusa go fodisa makgoba a diokobatsi kwa Lincoln Detox Center ya [[Black Acupuncture Association of North America|Mokgatlho wa Bantsho wa Acupuncture wa Amerika Bokone]] le Mutulu Shakur . <ref name="afrocubaweb">{{Cite web |date=9 February 2019 |title=Nehanda Abiodun 1950-2019 |url=http://www.afrocubaweb.com/rap/nehanda.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209042740/http://www.afrocubaweb.com/rap/nehanda.htm |archive-date=2019-02-09 |access-date=9 February 2019 |website=AfroCubaWeb |language=en}}</ref> == Dintlha tsa semolao == Dalton e ne e le mongwe wa ba ba neng ba golaganngwa ke balaodi ba United States le go tshaba ga Assata Shakur ka ngwagwa 1979 kwa kgolegelong. Gape o ne a batliwa ka ntlha ya go thuba, go akaretsa le go thuba koloi ya Brink e e neng e tshotse dibetsa kwa New York ka ngwaga wa 1981. <ref name="fbi" /> == Botshelo jwa go tshaba == Ka ngwagaw a 1978, Abiodun o ne a tlogela go dirisa Dalton jaaka leina la gagwe. <ref name="exiled" /> Gape o ne a feta, ka dinako tse di farologaneng, le Cheri Cotton, Betty Carter, Betty W. Carter, Elizabeth Carter, Laverne Dalton, Laverne Cheri Dalton, le "Flame". <ref name="fbi" /> O ne a nna kwa Havana, kwa Cuba fa e sa le ka ngwaga wa 1990. E ne e le molweladitshwanelo [[Hip-hop|tsa mmino wa repe]] koo. <ref name="lacey" /> O ne a neela bataki ba mmino wa hip-hop ba Cuba ba ba sa ntseng ba tlhabologa ba tshwana le [[Yosmel Sarrias]] le [[Maigel Entenza Jaramillo]] ba Anónimo Consejo kgakololo ka ditso tsa Maaforika le Maamerika, poko le dipolotiki tsa lefatshe <ref>{{Cite book |last=Wunderlich |first=Annelise |date=2006 |title=The Vinyl Ain't Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture |publisher=Pluto |isbn=978-0745319407 |editor-last=Basu |editor-first=Dipannita |location=Ann Arbor, MI |pages=167–179 |chapter=Cuban Hip Hop: Making Space for New Voices of Dissent |doi=10.2307/j.ctt18mbd22 |jstor=j.ctt18mbd22 |editor-last2=Lemelle |editor-first2=Sidney J.}}</ref> . O boletse  "mmino wa repe ke...lentswe la boipelaetso...re ka rutang le go rulaganya ka lone lefatshe ka bophara. O baya lesedi le le farologaneng gotlhelele mo lefokong globalisation...Gongwe le gongwe kwa o yang teng...mo lefatsheng, go tswa kwa New Zealand go ya kwa Timbuktu, go na le baopedi ba repe. Gongwe le gongwe kwa o yang teng! Mme fa o setse o dule mo US, karolo e tona ya setšhaba seo se se gatelang pele sa lefatshe lotlhe se tla. go tswa mo bathong ba lefelo leo". <ref name="afrocubaweb" /> == Leso == Abiodun o ne a tlhokafala kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa Havana ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e le masome a mararo, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa (2019), a le dingwaga di le masome a marataro le borobabobedi morago ga gore botsogo jwa gagwe bo nne bo fokotsega ka lobaka lo lo rileng. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-02-13|title=Nehanda Abiodun, black nationalist and 'godmother' of Cuban hip-hop, dies at 68|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nehanda-abiodun-black-nationalist-and-godmother-of-cuban-hip-hop-dies-at-68/2019/02/12/d8ed0e2c-2edb-11e9-813a-0ab2f17e305b_story.html|accessdate=2024-04-02|language=en-US}}</ref> Loso lwa gagwe lo ne lo tla tlhomamisiwa ke raditiragalo Henry Louis Taylor Jr., yo o neng a ntse a dira mo botshelong jwa gagwe. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/08/obituaries/nehanda-abiodun-dead.html|title=Nehanda Abiodun, 68, Black Revolutionary Who Fled to Cuba, Dies|date=February 8, 2019|accessdate=September 26, 2025}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, tsebe ya maranyane ya FBI e sa ntse e kwadile Abiodun jaaka motshabi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cheri Laverne Dalton |url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/dt/cheri-laverne-dalton}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 77knxd6ea76utc68ozb1dtb8mmwld0e 56131 56129 2026-10-02T07:56:15Z MmaBaggio 11091 56131 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nehanda Isoke Abiodun''' ( yo o tsholetsweng e le '''Cheri Laverne Dalton''' ; ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe,ngwaga wa 1950 – Go fitlha a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e le masome a mararo ngwaga wa 2019 ) e ne e le molweladitshwanelo tsa mmino [[Hip-hop|wa hip hop]] wa Moaforika wa kwa Amerika, mofetogedi wa montsho, le motshabi yo o neng a nna kwa [[Cuba]] . <ref name="nytobit">{{Cite news|title=Nehanda Abiodun, 68, Black Revolutionary Who Fled to Cuba, Dies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/08/obituaries/nehanda-abiodun-dead.html|accessdate=9 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209044618/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/08/obituaries/nehanda-abiodun-dead.html|archivedate=2019-02-09|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="lacey">{{Cite news|title=Cuba's Rap Vanguard Reaches Beyond the Party Line|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/15/world/americas/15cuba.html|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> Abiodun o ne a batliwa ke FBI mabapi le go thubiwa ga koloi ya ga Brink ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe (1981) mo go neng ga felela ka gore molebedi wa ga Brink le mapodise a mabedi a New York a bolawe. <ref name="fbi">{{Cite web |title=CHERI LAVERNE DALTON |url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/dt/cheri-laverne-dalton/view |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624040313/https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/dt/cheri-laverne-dalton/view |archive-date=2018-06-24 |access-date=9 February 2019 |website=Federal Bureau of Investigation |publisher=United States Government, Department of Justice |language=en-us}}</ref> Puso ya The United States federal le yone e ne ya atlhola Abiodun mabapi le go tshaba ga ga Assata Shakur kwa kgolegelong, mmogo le [[Susan Rosenberg]] . <ref>{{Cite news|title=TURMOIL CONTINUES AT BRINK'S HEARING|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/21/nyregion/turmoil-continues-at-brink-s-hearing.html|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> Abiodun o ne a le matlhagatlhaga mo kgaratlhong ya boipuso jwa Aforika e Ntšhwa kwa US mme o ne a itsaya e le moagi wa Rephaboliki ya Aforika e Ntšhwa . == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == O tshotswe e le Cheri Dalton kwa New York City ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano (1950), <ref name="nytobit" /> o ne a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya bolweladitshwanelo le batsadi ba gagwe a sa ntse a le ngwana. Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome, e ne e le morulaganyi wa bahiri. Dalton o ne a aloga kwa Sekolong se setona sa Columbia kwa New York ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi (1972). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharp |first=Rob |title=Rap on the run |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2008/08/hip-hop-cuban-abiodun-black |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617231624/http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2008/08/hip-hop-cuban-abiodun-black |archive-date=2016-06-17 |access-date=9 February 2019 |website=New Statesman America |publisher=New Statesman Media}}</ref> <ref name="exiled">{{Cite web |last=Sokol |first=Brett |date=7 September 2000 |title=Exiled in Havana |url=http://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/exiled-in-havana-6354908 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013060825/http://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/exiled-in-havana-6354908 |archive-date=2016-10-13 |access-date=9 February 2019 |website=Miami New Times |publisher=Voice Media Group}}</ref> == Tiro == Fa Abiodun a sena go tswa kwa Columbia, o ne a bereka kwa kokelong ya methadone kwa Harlem mme morago ga moo a bereka kwa Lincoln Detox Center, e leng lefelo la go dira diteko kwa Bronx Borwa. <ref name="nytobit" /> Moragonyana o ne a dira le Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Ditshwanelo tsa Batho Bantsho, mme moragonyana a thusa go fodisa makgoba a diokobatsi kwa Lincoln Detox Center ya [[Black Acupuncture Association of North America|Mokgatlho wa Bantsho wa Acupuncture wa Amerika Bokone]] le Mutulu Shakur . <ref name="afrocubaweb">{{Cite web |date=9 February 2019 |title=Nehanda Abiodun 1950-2019 |url=http://www.afrocubaweb.com/rap/nehanda.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209042740/http://www.afrocubaweb.com/rap/nehanda.htm |archive-date=2019-02-09 |access-date=9 February 2019 |website=AfroCubaWeb |language=en}}</ref> == Dintlha tsa semolao == Dalton e ne e le mongwe wa ba ba neng ba golaganngwa ke balaodi ba United States le go tshaba ga [[Assata Shakur]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabongwe (1979) kwa kgolegelong. Gape o ne a batliwa ka ntlha ya go thuba, go akaretsa le go thuba koloi ya Brink e e neng e tshotse dibetsa kwa New York ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe (1981). <ref name="fbi" /> == Botshelo jwa go tshaba == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi (1978), Abiodun o ne a tlogela go dirisa Dalton jaaka leina la gagwe. <ref name="exiled" /> Gape o ne a feta, ka dinako tse di farologaneng, le Cheri Cotton, Betty Carter, Betty W. Carter, Elizabeth Carter, Laverne Dalton, Laverne Cheri Dalton, le "Flame". <ref name="fbi" /> O ne a nna kwa Havana, kwa Cuba fa e sa le ka ngwaga wa 1990. E ne e le molweladitshwanelo [[Hip-hop|tsa mmino wa repe]] koo. <ref name="lacey" /> O ne a neela bataki ba mmino wa hip-hop ba Cuba ba ba sa ntseng ba tlhabologa ba tshwana le [[Yosmel Sarrias]] le [[Maigel Entenza Jaramillo]] ba Anónimo Consejo kgakololo ka ditso tsa Maaforika le Maamerika, poko le dipolotiki tsa lefatshe <ref>{{Cite book |last=Wunderlich |first=Annelise |date=2006 |title=The Vinyl Ain't Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture |publisher=Pluto |isbn=978-0745319407 |editor-last=Basu |editor-first=Dipannita |location=Ann Arbor, MI |pages=167–179 |chapter=Cuban Hip Hop: Making Space for New Voices of Dissent |doi=10.2307/j.ctt18mbd22 |jstor=j.ctt18mbd22 |editor-last2=Lemelle |editor-first2=Sidney J.}}</ref> . O boletse  "mmino wa repe ke...lentswe la boipelaetso...re ka rutang le go rulaganya ka lone lefatshe ka bophara. O baya lesedi le le farologaneng gotlhelele mo lefokong globalisation...Gongwe le gongwe kwa o yang teng...mo lefatsheng, go tswa kwa New Zealand go ya kwa Timbuktu, go na le baopedi ba repe. Gongwe le gongwe kwa o yang teng! Mme fa o setse o dule mo US, karolo e tona ya setšhaba seo se se gatelang pele sa lefatshe lotlhe se tla. go tswa mo bathong ba lefelo leo". <ref name="afrocubaweb" /> == Leso == Abiodun o ne a tlhokafala kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa Havana ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e le masome a mararo, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa (2019), a le dingwaga di le masome a marataro le borobabobedi morago ga gore botsogo jwa gagwe bo nne bo fokotsega ka lobaka lo lo rileng. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-02-13|title=Nehanda Abiodun, black nationalist and 'godmother' of Cuban hip-hop, dies at 68|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nehanda-abiodun-black-nationalist-and-godmother-of-cuban-hip-hop-dies-at-68/2019/02/12/d8ed0e2c-2edb-11e9-813a-0ab2f17e305b_story.html|accessdate=2024-04-02|language=en-US}}</ref> Loso lwa gagwe lo ne lo tla tlhomamisiwa ke raditiragalo Henry Louis Taylor Jr., yo o neng a ntse a dira mo botshelong jwa gagwe. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/08/obituaries/nehanda-abiodun-dead.html|title=Nehanda Abiodun, 68, Black Revolutionary Who Fled to Cuba, Dies|date=February 8, 2019|accessdate=September 26, 2025}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, tsebe ya maranyane ya FBI e sa ntse e kwadile Abiodun jaaka motshabi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cheri Laverne Dalton |url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/dt/cheri-laverne-dalton}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] iovpqw5iybxuclu9q2o07b7ibbjcem9 0 15451 56135 2026-10-02T08:50:13Z VNGao 10152 Created page with "James Heyward Blackwell ( o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le malatsi ale matlhano, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mararo le bongwe, mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le bone , ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le motso) ene ele morutabana le rra kgwebo wa letso la Amerika. He was one of the first African Americans to serve as a principal in Virginia, founded several financial services companies for African Amer..." 56135 wikitext text/x-wiki James Heyward Blackwell ( o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le malatsi ale matlhano, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mararo le bongwe, mme a tlhokofala ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ele lesome le bone , ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le motso) ene ele morutabana le rra kgwebo wa letso la Amerika. He was one of the first African Americans to serve as a principal in Virginia, founded several financial services companies for African Americans, and is the namesake of the Richmond neighborhood of Blackwell and the J.H. Blackwell Elementary School. fululo4ddhpf14adrt0nh0v0ftp1zu8 0 15452 56138 2026-10-02T10:01:53Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336805269|Angela Doyinsola Aina]]" 56138 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angela Doyinsola Aina''' ke ngaka ya botsogo jwa Sechaba ya Amerika le motlhami- ga mmogo le mokaelakhuduthamaga wa Black Mamas Matter Alliance, mokgatlho o o itebagantseng le go tokafatseng ditlamorago tsa boitekanelo jwa bomme le jwa tsalo jwa basadi ba batho Bantsho. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Aina o amogetse Degree ya gagwe ya Thuto ya Tlhaloganyo le Dithuto tsa Maaforika le Maamerika kwa [[:en:Georgia_State_University|Georgia State University]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005). O amogetse masters wa gagwe Pholo ya Setšhaba ([[:en:Master_of_Public_Health|Masters of Public Health]]) kwa [[:en:Morehouse_School_of_Medicine|Morehouse School of Medicine]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011) . <ref name="Gilbert2024">{{Cite news|title=Women who advocate for equity, diversity and inclusion: Angela Doyinsola Aina|url=https://lacrossetribune.com/life-entertainment/local/women-who-advocate-for-equity-diversity-and-inclusion-angela-doyinsola-aina/article_f7bfac9a-d824-11ee-b82f-579b492dab7f.html|last1=Gilbert|first1=Lois|last2=Gilbert|first2=Liza|work=[[La Crosse Tribune]]|date=March 8, 2024|access-date=March 23, 2024|language=en}}</ref> == Tiro le bobueledi == {{file link|file=Proclamation 10178 - Black Maternal Health Week, 2021.pdf|format=thumb|caption=Proclamation of Black Maternal Health Week}}Aina o simolotse tiro ya gagwe jaaka ngaka ya botsogo jwa Sechaba mme o berekile mo maemong a banni le mo mafelong a thuto, mmogo le mo maemong a puso ya lefatshe le ya puso ya bofederale. <ref name="Collins-Calhoun2021">{{Cite web |last=Collins-Calhoun |first=Brandi |date=December 21, 2021 |title=Angela Doyinsola Aina Talks Birth Justice And The Maternal Work Of The Black Mamas Matter Alliance |url=https://madamenoire.com/1302862/angela-doyinsola-aina-talks-birth-justice-and-the-maternal-work-of-the-black-mamas-matter-alliance/ |access-date=March 24, 2024 |website=[[MadameNoire]] |language=en}}</ref> Aina o gakologelwa maitemogelo ao a ntlha mo tirong ya gagwe "gantsi a neng a iphitlhela a le mo mafelong a bontsi jwa batho ba batho basweu", a bona go kgaogana "jaaka sengwe se nna se sa siama ka basadi ba batho Bantsho kgotsa basadi ba Maaforika". <ref name="Jones2024">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Alexis |date=February 24, 2024 |title=Angela Doyinsola Aina Is Determined to Give Black Mamas the Care They Deserve |url=https://www.popsugar.com/fitness/angela-doyinsola-aina-black-maternal-health-49333007 |access-date=March 24, 2024 |website=[[PopSugar]] |language=en}}</ref> Aina e ne e le Modirisanimmogo wa Tirelo ya Thibelo ya Boitekanelo jwa Sechaba wa lekalana la [[:en:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]](CDC) ka dingwaga di feta tlhano, a dira ka ditlamorago tsa [[:en:Zika_virus|Zika]] mo boimaneng. O ne gape a tshegetsa tsibogo ya CDC ya go runya ga bolwetse jwa Ebola ka 2014 kwa Aforika Bophirima. <ref name="NewsOne2021">{{Cite news|title=We See You, Sis: Celebrating Angela Doyinsola Aina|url=https://newsone.com/4153627/we-see-you-sis-celebrating-angela-doyinsola-aina/|work=[[Urban One|NewsOne]]|date=May 17, 2021|access-date=March 24, 2024|language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016), Aina o ne a thusa go tlhoma mmogo le Elizabeth Dawes Gay sa Dikgang tsa Bomme ba batho Bantsho ( BMMA ), <ref name="Helm2018">{{Cite web |last=Helm |first=Angela |date=December 30, 2018 |title=Kwanzaa Queens With That Nia Heat: BMMA Founders Manifest Purpose in Saving Black Mamas' Lives |url=https://www.theroot.com/kwanzaa-queens-with-that-nia-heat-bmma-founders-manife-1831389226 |access-date=March 26, 2024 |website=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |language=en}}</ref> a dirisa tirisanommogo fa gare ga lekalana la [[:en:Center_for_Reproductive_Rights|Center for Reproductive Rights]] le setlhopha sa [[:en:SisterSong_Women_of_Color_Reproductive_Justice_Collective|SisterSong of Color Reproductive Justice Collective.]] <ref name="Bahadur2019">{{Cite web |last=Bahadur |first=Nina |date=October 22, 2019 |title=9 Organizations Working to Save Black Mothers |url=https://www.self.com/story/organizations-activists-fighting-black-maternal-mortality |access-date=March 24, 2024 |website=[[Self (magazine)|Self]] |language=en}}</ref> Bobedi joo Aina le Gay ba supa dipalopalo tsa CDC tsa [[:en:Black_maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States|Black Maternal mortality in the United Stated]] tse di reng basadi ba basweu ba swa ka ntlha ya mabaka a a amanang le boimana ka kotara ya selekanyo se basadi ba batho Bantsho ba se dirang. <ref name="Helm2018" /> BMMA e atlegile mo go kgaratlheleng gore go nne le molao wa go thusa basadi ba Maaforika-Amerika mo peleging, go akaretsa le Molao wa Thibelo ya Dintsho tsa Baimana wa [[:en:List_of_acts_of_the_115th_United_States_Congress|2018]] . Aina o umaka botlhokwa jwa tshedimosetso e molao ono o e kokoanyang: "Ka gonne fa re sa itse gore basadi ba swa jang le gore ke ka ntlha yang, ga re kgone go samagana le dintlha tseo tsa maemo a ditsamaiso". <ref name="Watson2020">{{Cite web |last=Watson |first=Stephanie |date=2020 |title=2020 Advocate: Angela Doyinsola Aina |url=https://www.webmd.com/healthheroes/2020-advocate-angela-doyinsola-aina |access-date=March 24, 2024 |website=[[WebMD]] |language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2018, BMMA e ne ya simolola ''Black Maternal Health Week'' jaaka letsholo la go gogela tlhokomelo mo mathateng a botsogo jwa bomme ba batho Bantsho ba lebaneng le one. Ka ngwaga wa 2021, puso ya ga Biden-Harris e ne ya amogela maiteko ao semmuso. <ref name="Lue2022">{{Cite web |last=Lue |first=Alicia |date=April 11, 2022 |title=Angela Aina of Black Mamas Matter Alliance is A Champion for Black Life |url=https://mamaglow.com/angela-aina-of-black-mamas-matter-alliance-is-a-champion-for-black-life/ |access-date=March 25, 2024 |website=MamaGlow.com |language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020), Aina o ne a akgolwa ke koratanta ya [[:en:Time_(magazine)|Time]] ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go rarabolola dipharologano mo tlhokomelong ya botsogo jwa baimana. Aina o tlhagisitse tsholofelo ya gagwe ya gore "tlhokomelo e e oketsegileng e tla thusa go lebisa kwa dipeeletsong tse dintsi mo mananeong a boitekanelo a a eteletsweng pele ke basadi ba bantsho". Aina le BMMA ba tshegeditse Lekgotla la Botsogo jwa Bomme ba batho Bantsho mmogo le Molao wa Momnibus wa ngwaga wa 2023. <ref name="Uwumarogi2023">{{Cite web |last=Uwumarogie |first=Victoria |date=March 31, 2023 |title=The Disruptors: Angela Doyinsola Aina Is Pushing Back Against White Supremacist Approaches To Childbirth |url=https://www.essence.com/lifestyle/the-disruptors-angela-doyinsola-aina/ |access-date=March 26, 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence]] |language=en}}</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi ( 2020), Aina o ne a tlhomiwa go nna mokaela khuduthamaga wa BMMA. <ref name="NewsOne2021" /> == Dietsele le ditlotla == * Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020), Aina o ne a amogelwa jaaka Mogaka wa Botsogo wa [[:en:WebMD|WebMD]] wa 2020. <ref name="TCF2022">{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2022 |title=Policy Leaders in Conversation during #BMHW22, ft. VP Kamala Harris |url=https://tcf.org/content/event/policy-leaders-in-conversation-during-bmhw22-ft-vp-kamala-harris/ |access-date=March 25, 2024 |website=[[The Century Foundation]] |language=en}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 49tys98cajoslhct27yv42vp8d3omjo 56139 56138 2026-10-02T10:08:01Z MmaBaggio 11091 56139 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angela Doyinsola Aina''' ke ngaka ya botsogo jwa Sechaba ya Amerika le motlhami- ga mmogo le mokaelakhuduthamaga wa Black Mamas Matter Alliance, mokgatlho o o itebagantseng le go tokafatseng ditlamorago tsa boitekanelo jwa bomme le jwa tsalo jwa basadi ba batho Bantsho. {{Infobox person|name=Angela Doyinsola Aina|image=Angela Doyinsola Aina at USCCR.jpg|caption=Aina ka 2020|education={{plainlist| *[[Georgia State University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]]) *[[Morehouse School of Medicine]] ([[Master of Public Health|MPH]]) }}|occupation=[[Health professional#Public health|Public health practitioner]]|known for=Co-founder of Black Mamas Matter Alliance (BMMA)}} == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Aina o amogetse Degree ya gagwe ya Thuto ya Tlhaloganyo le Dithuto tsa Maaforika le Maamerika kwa [[:en:Georgia_State_University|Georgia State University]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005). O amogetse masters wa gagwe Pholo ya Setšhaba ([[:en:Master_of_Public_Health|Masters of Public Health]]) kwa [[:en:Morehouse_School_of_Medicine|Morehouse School of Medicine]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011) . <ref name="Gilbert2024">{{Cite news|title=Women who advocate for equity, diversity and inclusion: Angela Doyinsola Aina|url=https://lacrossetribune.com/life-entertainment/local/women-who-advocate-for-equity-diversity-and-inclusion-angela-doyinsola-aina/article_f7bfac9a-d824-11ee-b82f-579b492dab7f.html|last1=Gilbert|first1=Lois|last2=Gilbert|first2=Liza|work=[[La Crosse Tribune]]|date=March 8, 2024|access-date=March 23, 2024|language=en}}</ref> == Tiro le bobueledi == {{file link|file=Proclamation 10178 - Black Maternal Health Week, 2021.pdf|format=thumb|caption=Proclamation of Black Maternal Health Week}}Aina o simolotse tiro ya gagwe jaaka ngaka ya botsogo jwa Sechaba mme o berekile mo maemong a banni le mo mafelong a thuto, mmogo le mo maemong a puso ya lefatshe le ya puso ya bofederale. <ref name="Collins-Calhoun2021">{{Cite web |last=Collins-Calhoun |first=Brandi |date=December 21, 2021 |title=Angela Doyinsola Aina Talks Birth Justice And The Maternal Work Of The Black Mamas Matter Alliance |url=https://madamenoire.com/1302862/angela-doyinsola-aina-talks-birth-justice-and-the-maternal-work-of-the-black-mamas-matter-alliance/ |access-date=March 24, 2024 |website=[[MadameNoire]] |language=en}}</ref> Aina o gakologelwa maitemogelo ao a ntlha mo tirong ya gagwe "gantsi a neng a iphitlhela a le mo mafelong a bontsi jwa batho ba batho basweu", a bona go kgaogana "jaaka sengwe se nna se sa siama ka basadi ba batho Bantsho kgotsa basadi ba Maaforika". <ref name="Jones2024">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Alexis |date=February 24, 2024 |title=Angela Doyinsola Aina Is Determined to Give Black Mamas the Care They Deserve |url=https://www.popsugar.com/fitness/angela-doyinsola-aina-black-maternal-health-49333007 |access-date=March 24, 2024 |website=[[PopSugar]] |language=en}}</ref> Aina e ne e le Modirisanimmogo wa Tirelo ya Thibelo ya Boitekanelo jwa Sechaba wa lekalana la [[:en:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]](CDC) ka dingwaga di feta tlhano, a dira ka ditlamorago tsa [[:en:Zika_virus|Zika]] mo boimaneng. O ne gape a tshegetsa tsibogo ya CDC ya go runya ga bolwetse jwa Ebola ka 2014 kwa Aforika Bophirima. <ref name="NewsOne2021">{{Cite news|title=We See You, Sis: Celebrating Angela Doyinsola Aina|url=https://newsone.com/4153627/we-see-you-sis-celebrating-angela-doyinsola-aina/|work=[[Urban One|NewsOne]]|date=May 17, 2021|access-date=March 24, 2024|language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016), Aina o ne a thusa go tlhoma mmogo le Elizabeth Dawes Gay sa Dikgang tsa Bomme ba batho Bantsho ( BMMA ), <ref name="Helm2018">{{Cite web |last=Helm |first=Angela |date=December 30, 2018 |title=Kwanzaa Queens With That Nia Heat: BMMA Founders Manifest Purpose in Saving Black Mamas' Lives |url=https://www.theroot.com/kwanzaa-queens-with-that-nia-heat-bmma-founders-manife-1831389226 |access-date=March 26, 2024 |website=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |language=en}}</ref> a dirisa tirisanommogo fa gare ga lekalana la [[:en:Center_for_Reproductive_Rights|Center for Reproductive Rights]] le setlhopha sa [[:en:SisterSong_Women_of_Color_Reproductive_Justice_Collective|SisterSong of Color Reproductive Justice Collective.]] <ref name="Bahadur2019">{{Cite web |last=Bahadur |first=Nina |date=October 22, 2019 |title=9 Organizations Working to Save Black Mothers |url=https://www.self.com/story/organizations-activists-fighting-black-maternal-mortality |access-date=March 24, 2024 |website=[[Self (magazine)|Self]] |language=en}}</ref> Bobedi joo Aina le Gay ba supa dipalopalo tsa CDC tsa [[:en:Black_maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States|Black Maternal mortality in the United Stated]] tse di reng basadi ba basweu ba swa ka ntlha ya mabaka a a amanang le boimana ka kotara ya selekanyo se basadi ba batho Bantsho ba se dirang. <ref name="Helm2018" /> BMMA e atlegile mo go kgaratlheleng gore go nne le molao wa go thusa basadi ba Maaforika-Amerika mo peleging, go akaretsa le Molao wa Thibelo ya Dintsho tsa Baimana wa [[:en:List_of_acts_of_the_115th_United_States_Congress|2018]] . Aina o umaka botlhokwa jwa tshedimosetso e molao ono o e kokoanyang: "Ka gonne fa re sa itse gore basadi ba swa jang le gore ke ka ntlha yang, ga re kgone go samagana le dintlha tseo tsa maemo a ditsamaiso". <ref name="Watson2020">{{Cite web |last=Watson |first=Stephanie |date=2020 |title=2020 Advocate: Angela Doyinsola Aina |url=https://www.webmd.com/healthheroes/2020-advocate-angela-doyinsola-aina |access-date=March 24, 2024 |website=[[WebMD]] |language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2018, BMMA e ne ya simolola ''Black Maternal Health Week'' jaaka letsholo la go gogela tlhokomelo mo mathateng a botsogo jwa bomme ba batho Bantsho ba lebaneng le one. Ka ngwaga wa 2021, puso ya ga Biden-Harris e ne ya amogela maiteko ao semmuso. <ref name="Lue2022">{{Cite web |last=Lue |first=Alicia |date=April 11, 2022 |title=Angela Aina of Black Mamas Matter Alliance is A Champion for Black Life |url=https://mamaglow.com/angela-aina-of-black-mamas-matter-alliance-is-a-champion-for-black-life/ |access-date=March 25, 2024 |website=MamaGlow.com |language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020), Aina o ne a akgolwa ke koratanta ya [[:en:Time_(magazine)|Time]] ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go rarabolola dipharologano mo tlhokomelong ya botsogo jwa baimana. Aina o tlhagisitse tsholofelo ya gagwe ya gore "tlhokomelo e e oketsegileng e tla thusa go lebisa kwa dipeeletsong tse dintsi mo mananeong a boitekanelo a a eteletsweng pele ke basadi ba bantsho". Aina le BMMA ba tshegeditse Lekgotla la Botsogo jwa Bomme ba batho Bantsho mmogo le Molao wa Momnibus wa ngwaga wa 2023. <ref name="Uwumarogi2023">{{Cite web |last=Uwumarogie |first=Victoria |date=March 31, 2023 |title=The Disruptors: Angela Doyinsola Aina Is Pushing Back Against White Supremacist Approaches To Childbirth |url=https://www.essence.com/lifestyle/the-disruptors-angela-doyinsola-aina/ |access-date=March 26, 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence]] |language=en}}</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi ( 2020), Aina o ne a tlhomiwa go nna mokaela khuduthamaga wa BMMA. <ref name="NewsOne2021" /> == Dietsele le ditlotla == * Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020), Aina o ne a amogelwa jaaka Mogaka wa Botsogo wa [[:en:WebMD|WebMD]] wa 2020. <ref name="TCF2022">{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2022 |title=Policy Leaders in Conversation during #BMHW22, ft. VP Kamala Harris |url=https://tcf.org/content/event/policy-leaders-in-conversation-during-bmhw22-ft-vp-kamala-harris/ |access-date=March 25, 2024 |website=[[The Century Foundation]] |language=en}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 0vxd9nx4ojivh8yqw5pn3eza22o81tc 0 15453 56140 2026-10-02T10:13:06Z Coolgirlvibes 12520 Ke kwadile atikile ka dikishinare ya setswana. 56140 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Thanodi ya temepedi''' ke puka ya thaloso-foko (lekganyane) ya Setswana le Seelemente (Setswana-English bilingual dictionary) e e gatisitweng ke Units ya Bosetšhaba ya Tlhamo ya Dikafoko ya Afrika Borwa (SANLU).'' ''Hisitori le thutafoko ya Setswana go tlhaloganya mosola wa '''Thanodi ya Temepedi,''' go tlhokega go lebelela nalane ya go kwalwa ga dithaloso-foko tsa Setswana mo Aforika Borwa le mo Botswana. Ditirong tsa bogologolo, thaloso-foko e kgolo e ne e le ya ga Matumo (1993) e e neng e tokafatsa puka ya ga Brown ya 1925 (Setswana–English–Setswana Dictionary), mme morago ga moo ga tla puka ya ga Kgasa le Tsonope ya 1998 (Thanodi ya Setswana) e e neng e le thaloso-foko ya puo e le nngwe (monolingual).<ref name="SEFALA_Bio" />'' ''Ka ngwaga wa 2008, lephata la SEFALA le ne la gatisa puka e nngwe e kgolo ya ditsebe tse 600 e e bidiwang '''Thanodi ya Setswana''', e le yona e neng e rulagantswe ke Morulaganyi-mogolo G.B. Mareme.<ref name="SANLU_FB" /> Kgatiso ya '''Thanodi ya Temepedi''' ya 2015 e tlile e le tharabololo ya go kgaoganya puo ka mekgwa e e farologaneng, gore baithuti ba kgone go ranola mafoko ka nako e le nngwe magareng ga Setswana le Seelemente, go farologana le dintlha tsa puka ya 2008 e e neng e remeletse mo Setswaneng fela.<ref name="SEFALA_Bio" />'' == ''Mokgwa wa kgetho ya mafoko'' == ''Thaloso-foko eno e dirisa kgetho ya mafoko e e lebeletseng thuto ya mefuta e le mebedi (dual-medium education). Mo go kgetheng mafoko, batlhami ba puka ba ne ba se ka ba lebelela fela Setswana sa setso se se tsenyeletseng, mme ba ne ba tsenya le "mafoko a a thulameng" a sešweng (neologisms) a a amanang le maranyane (technology) le dipalo. Mre. G.B. Mareme o itsege thata ka go bo a kwadile gape le dithaloso-foko tse di kgethegileng jaaka English-Setswana Maths & Natural Science Dictionary le Foundation Phase Picture Dictionary, mme kitso e e tswang mo dipukeng tseo e ile ya tshegetsa go tlhamiwa ga dintlha tsa maranyane mo go Thanodi ya Temepedi.<ref name="SEFALA_Bio" />'' == ''Kamogelo le tshegetso'' == ''Mo hisitoring ya yona, puka eno e kile ya tlhagelela mo dithulaganyong tsa mmaraka wa dibuka tsa [Van Schaik Bookstore](https://www.vanschaik.com/products/thanodi-ya-temepedi-setswana-english-setswana-bilingual-dictionary-9780992235345 "Van Schaik Catalog") le [Bob Shop](https://www.bobshop.co.za/thanodi-ya-temepedi-setswana-english-saheritage/p/632630556 "Bob Shop Listing") mo Aforika Borwa, e le puka e e ratiwang ke batsadi ka gonne ga e na boima jo bo feteletseng (e ka nna 500 gr fela) mme e kgaotse ditlhoko tsa baithuti ba dikolo mo mephatong e e farologaneng.''<ref name="SANLU_FB" /> hb8sup7fea1v5ayf6uqs1i16ilznily 56141 56140 2026-10-02T10:18:36Z Coolgirlvibes 12520 I added references 56141 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Thanodi ya temepedi''' ke puka ya thaloso-foko (lekganyane) ya Setswana le Seelemente (Setswana-English bilingual dictionary) e e gatisitweng ke Units ya Bosetšhaba ya Tlhamo ya Dikafoko ya Afrika Borwa (SANLU).'' ''Hisitori le thutafoko ya Setswana go tlhaloganya mosola wa '''Thanodi ya Temepedi,''' go tlhokega go lebelela nalane ya go kwalwa ga dithaloso-foko tsa Setswana mo Aforika Borwa le mo Botswana. Ditirong tsa bogologolo, thaloso-foko e kgolo e ne e le ya ga Matumo (1993) e e neng e tokafatsa puka ya ga Brown ya 1925 (Setswana–English–Setswana Dictionary), mme morago ga moo ga tla puka ya ga Kgasa le Tsonope ya 1998 (Thanodi ya Setswana) e e neng e le thaloso-foko ya puo e le nngwe (monolingual).<ref name="SEFALA_Bio" />'' ''Ka ngwaga wa 2008, lephata la SEFALA le ne la gatisa puka e nngwe e kgolo ya ditsebe tse 600 e e bidiwang '''Thanodi ya Setswana''', e le yona e neng e rulagantswe ke Morulaganyi-mogolo G.B. Mareme.<ref name="SANLU_FB" /> Kgatiso ya '''Thanodi ya Temepedi''' ya 2015 e tlile e le tharabololo ya go kgaoganya puo ka mekgwa e e farologaneng, gore baithuti ba kgone go ranola mafoko ka nako e le nngwe magareng ga Setswana le Seelemente, go farologana le dintlha tsa puka ya 2008 e e neng e remeletse mo Setswaneng fela.<ref name="SEFALA_Bio" />'' == ''Mokgwa wa kgetho ya mafoko'' == ''Thaloso-foko eno e dirisa kgetho ya mafoko e e lebeletseng thuto ya mefuta e le mebedi (dual-medium education). Mo go kgetheng mafoko, batlhami ba puka ba ne ba se ka ba lebelela fela Setswana sa setso se se tsenyeletseng, mme ba ne ba tsenya le "mafoko a a thulameng" a sešweng (neologisms) a a amanang le maranyane (technology) le dipalo. Mre. G.B. Mareme o itsege thata ka go bo a kwadile gape le dithaloso-foko tse di kgethegileng jaaka English-Setswana Maths & Natural Science Dictionary le Foundation Phase Picture Dictionary, mme kitso e e tswang mo dipukeng tseo e ile ya tshegetsa go tlhamiwa ga dintlha tsa maranyane mo go Thanodi ya Temepedi.<ref name="SEFALA_Bio" />'' == ''Kamogelo le tshegetso'' == ''Mo hisitoring ya yona, puka eno e kile ya tlhagelela mo dithulaganyong tsa mmaraka wa dibuka tsa [Van Schaik Bookstore](https://www.vanschaik.com/products/thanodi-ya-temepedi-setswana-english-setswana-bilingual-dictionary-9780992235345 "Van Schaik Catalog") le [Bob Shop](https://www.bobshop.co.za/thanodi-ya-temepedi-setswana-english-saheritage/p/632630556 "Bob Shop Listing") mo Aforika Borwa, e le puka e e ratiwang ke batsadi ka gonne ga e na boima jo bo feteletseng (e ka nna 500 gr fela) mme e kgaotse ditlhoko tsa baithuti ba dikolo mo mephatong e e farologaneng.''<ref name="SANLU_FB" /> <references responsive /><ref>* {{cite book |date=2015 |title=Thanodi ya Temepedi Setswana–English Bilingual Dictionary |url=https://sanlu.africa |publisher=[[South African National Lexicography Units]] (SANLU) |isbn=978-0992235345 |editor-last=Mareme |editor-first=G. B. |access-date=2 October 2026}} * {{cite web |date=15 January 2015 |title=Thanodi ya Temepedi Setswana-English Bilingual Dictionary (2015) |url=https://facebook.com |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=Facebook |publisher=SANLU Africa}} * {{cite web |title=Special Acknowledgements: SEFALA |url=https://snlu.co.za |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=snlu.co.za |publisher=South African National Lexicography Units}} * {{cite web |title=Thanodi ya Temepedi Setswana-English Setwana Bilingual Dictionary |url=https://vanschaik.com |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=vanschaik.com |publisher=Van Schaik Bookstore}}</ref> 9623e96fpal8xqh7wa1mlay4u7uw4s2 0 15454 56144 2026-10-02T11:09:01Z Coolgirlvibes 12520 Ke dirile draft tse dingwe. 56144 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lenovo Group Limited''' (e e itsegeng thata ka leina la '''Lenovo''') ke khampani ya maranyane ya mafatshefatshe e e hlolweng kwa nageng ya [[Cina]].<ref name="Lenovo_Wiki_En">{{cite web |title=Lenovo Group Limited Overview |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenovo |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=en.wikipedia.org |publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Khampani eno ke nngwe ya dinkgwana tse dikgolo tseo di hlamang, di tlhabololang, e bile di rekisang dikhomputara tsa lentswana (desktops), dikhomputara tse di rwalwang (laptops), ditablete, le megala ya selula mo lefatsheng lotlhe.<ref name="Lenovo_Wiki_En" /> Gompieno, Lenovo e tshegetsa maemo a go nna mofani yo mogolo wa dikhomputara (PC vendor) mo mmarakeng wa lefatshe.<ref name="Lenovo_Global_Q1">{{cite web |date=14 August 2025 |title=Strong Global Performance Driven by Clear Hybrid AI Strategy |url=https://news.lenovo.com/pressroom/press-releases/q1-fy-2025-26/ |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=news.lenovo.com |publisher=Lenovo Pressroom}}</ref> == Nalane le tshimologo == Khampani eno e tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa '''1984''' kwa motse-mogolo wa Beijing ka leina la ''Legend'', e simolotswe ka peeletso e potlana ke moenjenere Liu Chuanzhi le baenjenere ba bangwe ba le lesome.<ref name="Lenovo_History_SA">{{cite web |title=Our History |url=https://www.lenovo.com/za/en/about/who-we-are/history/ |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=lenovo.com |publisher=Lenovo South Africa}}</ref> Mo ditsong tsa yona, khampani eno e ne ya fetola leina la yona ka semmuso go nna '''Lenovo''' ka ngwaga wa 2003.<ref name="Lenovo_History_SA" /> Phetogo e kgolo e e ileng ya tsholetsa Lenovo mo maemong a lefatshe e ne e le ka ngwaga wa '''2005''', fa ba ne ba reka karolo ya dikhomputara (PC Division) go tswa kwa khampaning e kgolo ya Amerika ya [[IBM]].<ref name="IBM_Acquisition">{{cite web |title=Acquisition of the IBM PC business by Lenovo |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquisition_of_the_IBM_PC_business_by_Lenovo |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=en.wikipedia.org |publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Ka go dira jalo, Lenovo e ne ya tsaya dinaledi tsotlhe tsa mofuta wa dikhomputara tse di rwalwang tsa ''ThinkPad'', tse di neng di setse di na le leina le le tiileng mo mafapheng a ditiro le dikgwebo.<ref name="IBM_Acquisition" /> == Mefuta ya dikhomputara tsa Lenovo == Lenovo e kgaogantse dikhomputara tsa yona ka mefuta e e farologaneng go lebeletswe ditlhoko tsa bareki:<ref name="Lenovo_Wiki_En" /> * '''ThinkPad:''' Ke mofuta o o itsegeng ka popo e e tiileng le kgethego ya ditiro tsa dikgwebo le ditshegetso tsa ditsela tsa molao. * '''IdeaPad:''' Mofuta o o hlametsweng baithuti le malapa, o itsege ka go nna tlhwatlhwa e e potlana le mebala e e farologaneng. * '''Yoga:''' Dikhomputara tse di kgonang go menega ka ditsela tse di farologaneng (2-in-1 laptops) go fetoga go nna ditablete. * '''Legion le LOQ:''' Mefuta e e hlametsweng ditshegetso tsa metshameko ya khomputara (gaming), e na le maranyane a a kwa godimo a ditshwantsho le bofefo. == Maemo a yona mo Aforika Borwa == Mo mmarakeng wa dikhomputara mo [[Aforika Borwa]], Lenovo e tshegetsa maemo a a kwa godimo thata, mme ka ngwaga wa 2025/2026 e tlaleleditse karolo e e ka nnang 25% ya mmaraka wa ditlabela tsa dikhomputara tsa bareki (consumer PC market).<ref name="Lenovo_MyBroadband">{{cite web |date=14 April 2026 |title=South Africa's top consumer PC seller reveals big plans in enterprise market |url=https://mybroadband.co.za/news/business/639704-south-africas-top-consumer-pc-seller-reveals-big-plans-in-enterprise-market.html |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=mybroadband.co.za |publisher=MyBroadband}}</ref> Khampani eno e ratiwa thata mo dikolong, diunibesithing, le mo ditheong tsa puso ka ntlha ya thulaganyo ya dintlha tsa bone tse di tsenyang maranyane a tshegetso ya thuto le "Artificial Intelligence" (AI PC).<ref name="TechFinancials_SA">{{cite web |date=24 February 2025 |title=How Is Lenovo South Africa Performing? |url=https://techfinancials.co.za/2025/02/24/how-is-lenovo-south-africa-performing/ |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=techfinancials.co.za |publisher=TechFinancials}}</ref> == LENANE LA DITSHUPISO == {{Reflist|refs=<ref name="Lenovo_Wiki_En">{{cite web |title=Lenovo Group Limited Overview |url=https://wikipedia.org |website=en.wikipedia.org |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> <ref name="Lenovo_Global_Q1">{{cite web |title=Strong Global Performance Driven by Clear Hybrid AI Strategy |url=https://lenovo.com |website=://lenovo.com |publisher=Lenovo Pressroom |date=14 August 2025 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> <ref name="Lenovo_History_SA">{{cite web |title=Our History |url=https://lenovo.com |website=lenovo.com |publisher=Lenovo South Africa |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> <ref name="IBM_Acquisition">{{cite web |title=Acquisition of the IBM PC business by Lenovo |url=https://wikipedia.org |website=en.wikipedia.org |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> <ref name="Lenovo_MyBroadband">{{cite web |title=South Africa's top consumer PC seller reveals big plans in enterprise market |url=https://mybroadband.co.za |website=mybroadband.co.za |publisher=MyBroadband |date=14 April 2026 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> <ref name="TechFinancials_SA">{{cite web |title=How Is Lenovo South Africa Performing? |url=https://techfinancials.co.za |website=techfinancials.co.za |publisher=TechFinancials |date=24 February 2025 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref>}} 0e5cird4t3b6si9it5hbek8q788cbsy 0 15455 56146 2026-10-02T11:21:52Z Coolgirlvibes 12520 Ke kwetse ka Lexicogray units 56146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|name=South African National Lexicography Units (SANLU)|original_name=Dihlopha tsa Bosetšhaba tsa Tlhamo ya Dikafoko tsa Aforika Borwa|image=|caption=|type=Mokgatlho o o sa direng poelo (Non-profit Section 21)|industry=Thutafoko (Lexicography) le Kgodiso ya Maleme|founded=[[1995]] (Ka fa tlase ga Molao wa PanSALB)|headquarters=[[Pretoria]] / [[Stellenbosch]], [[Aforika Borwa]]|area_served=Aforika Borwa otlhe|products=Dithaloso-foko (Dictionaries), Dikaedi tsa mopeleto, Di-terminology database|parent=Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB)|website={{URL|https://sanlu.africa}}}} '''South African National Lexicography Units (SANLU)''' (e e bidiwang ka Setswana jaaka ''Dihlopha tsa Bosetšhaba tsa Tlhamo ya Dikafoko'') ke thulaganyo ya ditheo tsa semmuso tseo di tshegetsweng ke puso ya [[Aforika Borwa]] go tlhama, go tlhabolola, le go gatisa dithaloso-foko (dictionaries) le dikaedi tsa mopeleto tsa maleme otlhe a semmuso a le lesome itlhanela (11 official languages).<ref name="SANLU_About">{{cite web |title=About SANLU |url=https://sanlu.africa |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=sanlu.africa |publisher=South African National Lexicography Units}}</ref> Ditheo tseno di tlhamilwe ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Lekgotla la Maleme otlhe a Aforika Borwa (Pan South African Language Board - PanSALB Act of 1995) go tshegetsa molaotheo wa naga o o laelang tlotlo le kgodiso e e lekaneng ya maleme a tholego.<ref name="PanSALB_Act">{{cite web |title=Pan South African Language Board Act 59 of 1995 |url=https://www.gov.za |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=gov.za |publisher=South African Government}}</ref> == Ditheo tsa maleme le mafelo a tsona == Ntlha ya botlhokwa ka SANLU ke gore ga e a relesela mo lefelong le le lengwe fela. Thulaganyo eno e kgaogantse dihlopha tsa thutafoko (Lexicography Units) ka maleme a a farologaneng, mme dihlopha tseno di agilwe mo diunibesithing tse di farologaneng mo nageng, go lebeletswe hisitori le thuto ya puo eo:<ref name="SANLU_Units">{{cite web |title=National Lexicography Units Profile |url=https://snlu.co.za |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=snlu.co.za |publisher=SNLU}}</ref> * '''SEFALA (Setswana National Lexicography Unit):''' E fitlhelwa kwa Unibesithing ya North-West (NWU) kwa kampaseng ya Mahikeng. Ke yona e gatisitseng ''Thanodi ya Temepedi''. * '''Bureau of the WAT (Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal):''' E fitlhelwa kwa Unibesithing ya Stellenbosch kwa Kapa Bophirima, e tshegetsa puo ya Seburu (Afrikaans). * '''DSAE (Dictionary of South African English):''' E fitlhelwa kwa Unibesithing ya Rhodes kwa Kapa Botlhaba, e tshegetsa Seelemente sa Aforika Borwa. * '''IsiXhosa NLU:''' E kwa Unibesithing ya Fort Hare, e tlhokomela thutafoko ya SeXhosa. * '''IsiZulu NLU:''' E kwa Unibesithing ya KwaZulu-Natal, e tlhokomela puo ya SeZulu. * '''Sesotho sa Leboa NLU:''' E kwa Unibesithing ya Limpopo, e tlhokomela puo ya Sesotho sa Leboa (Sepedi). * '''Sesotho NLU:''' E kwa Unibesithing ya Foreisetata (UFS), e tlhokomela puo ya Sesotho. * '''Tshivenda NLU''' le '''Xitsonga NLU:''' Di fitlhelwa kwa Unibesithing ya Venda kwa Limpopo. * '''IsiNdebele NLU''' le '''Siswati NLU:''' Di tshegetsa maleme a SeNdebele le SeSwati kwa diprofinseng tsa Mpumalanga le Gauteng. == Ditiro tse di tswang pele == Ditiro tse di kgolo tsa ditheo tseno di akaretsa:<ref name="SANLU_About" /> # '''Go bopa mafoko a sešweng (Neologisms):''' Ditheo tseno di tlhama mopeleto le thaloso ya mafoko a sešweng a maranyane, saense, le tsa matlole (jaaka go ranola *Artificial Intelligence* kgotsa *Cloud computing*) ka maleme a tholego. # '''Thulaganyo ya CAPS Picture Dictionaries:''' SANLU e gatisitse dithaloso-foko tsa ditshwantsho tsa bana ba Mophato wa R go ya go wa 3 (Foundation Phase) tse di nang le kgetho e le nngwe ya ditshwantsho mo malemeng otlhe a le 11, go thusa barutabana mo diphaposing tse di nang le maleme a mantsi. # '''Thulaganyo ya Ditlabela tsa Digital:''' Ditheo tseno di fetotse mekgwa ya bogologolo ya go tlhama dibuka ka pampiri, gompieno di dirisa maranyane a segompieno a thutafoko a a bidiwang ''TshwaneLex'' go tlhama di-database tsa maleme mo inthaneteng. == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} 25omjr2otigq5tqlfx398zx5qgvxlo3 0 15456 56148 2026-10-02T11:46:56Z Coolgirlvibes 12520 Ke tsentse setshwantsho sa ga Matshego 56148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person}} [[Setshwantsho:Setshwantsho sa ga Matshego Lephallo.jpg|308x308px]] '''Matshego Lephallo''' ke moeteledipele wa baithuti wa mo [[Aforika Borwa]] yo o neng a tshegetsa maemo a go nna Moporesidente wa Lekgotla la Baithuti (SRC President) kwa [[Motheo TVET College]] kwa profinseng ya [[Foreisetata]].<ref name="BloemCourier">{{cite web |title=Motheo TVET College hosts Student Academic Conference |url=https://bloemfonteincourant.co.za |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=bloemfonteincourant.co.za |publisher=Bloemfontein Courant}}</ref> Gape, o itsege ka go nna moeteledipele le mofatogani mo mekgatlhong ya bosetšhaba ya baithuti ba dikoleji tsa ditiro (TVET sector) mo nageng.<ref name="SATVETSA_NEC">{{cite web |title=NEC Members – SATVETSA |url=https://satvetsa.org.za |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=satvetsa.org.za |publisher=SATVETSA}}</ref> == Boeteledipele le ditiro tsa thuto == Lephallo o tsenye mo mererong ya boeteledipele jwa baithuti ka ditshegetso tse di hlamang mefuta e e farologaneng ya thuto kwa Motheo TVET College. Jaaka Moporesidente wa SRC, o ne a etelela pele dikhonferense le dithulaganyo tse di tsholetsang mantswe a baithuti, go akaretsa le go kgothatsa baithuti ba ba tshelang ka digole (disability advocacy) gore ba se ka ba letla seemo sa bone go kgaola ditoro tsa bone tsa kamoso.<ref name="BloemCourier" /> Ntle le ditiro tsa khampase, o berekile mmogo le mokgatlho wa bosetšhaba wa baithuti wa [[South African Technical Vocational Education and Training Student Association]] (SATVETSA).<ref name="SATVETSA_NEC" /> Mo mofateng ono, o tshegetsa tsheka-tsheko ya go emela ditshwanelo tsa baithuti ba di-TVET mo go Lefapha la Thuto e e kwa Godimo le Katiso (DHET) mo Aforika Borwa.<ref name="SATVETSA_NEC" /> == Nalane ya thuto le ditiro tsa ntlha == Matshego Lephallo o simolotse dithuto tsa gagwe tse di kwa godimo mo lekgetlong la ntlha ka go ithutela thutego ya tsamaiso ya kgwebo (Business Management Course) kwa Motheo TVET College.<ref name="LinkedIn_Profile">{{cite web |title=Matshego Lephallo Professional Profile |url=https://za.linkedin.com/in/matshego-lephallo-1bab97241 |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=linkedin.com |publisher=LinkedIn}}</ref> Mo ditsong tsa sekolo, kitso eno ya tsamaiso e ile ya mo tshegetsa go tlhaloganya mekgwa ya go tsamaisa ditiro tsa baithuti le go ikwadisetsa ditshegetso tsa boeteledipele jwa sekolo (ISRC).<ref name="LinkedIn_Profile" /> Ka Tlhakole 2023, Lephallo mmogo le moeteledipele yo mongwe, Mre. Thabelo Mofokeng, ba ne ba tlotlomatswa ke botsamaisi jwa khampase ka ntlha ya go tsholetsa sefoka sa sekolo sa Motheo TVET kwa godimo mo ditirong tsa thuto le boemedi jwa ditiro mo nageng.<ref name="Motheo_FB_2023">{{cite web |date=5 February 2023 |title=Congratulations to Mr Thabelo Mofokeng and Ms Matshego Lephallo |url=https://www.facebook.com/OfficialMotheoTVETCollege/posts/congratulations-to-mr-thabelo-mofokeng-and-ms-matshego-lephalloflying-motheo-tve/550629793759009/ |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=Facebook |publisher=Official Motheo TVET College}}</ref> Morago ga go wetsa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa Motheo, o ne a tsweledisa thuto ya gagwe kwa godimo ka go ikwadisetsa go nna moithuti kwa Unibesithing ya Maranyane ya Tshwane (Tshwane University of Technology - TUT), kwa a ntseng a tsweletsa ditiro tsa gagwe tsa lekgotla la baithuti.<ref name="LinkedIn_Profile" /> == Maemo a porofinse mo go SATVETSA == Ka ntlha ya kitso ya gagwe mo go tsa meralo ya thuto, mokgatlho wa bosetšhaba wa baithuti ba di-TVET (SATVETSA National Working Committee) o ne wa mo tlhoma semmuso go nna Modulasetulo wa Ditirelo (Convenor) wa Setlhopha sa Ditiro sa Porofinse ya Foreisetata (Free State Provincial Task Team).<ref name="SATVETSA_NEC_Members">{{cite web |title=NEC and Provincial Task Team Members |url=https://satvetsa.org.za/nec-members/ |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=satvetsa.org.za |publisher=SATVETSA}}</ref><ref name="SATVETSA_NWC_2025">{{cite web |title=SATVETSA Provincial Task Teams Realignment |url=https://satvetsa.org.za/news-statements/ |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=satvetsa.org.za |publisher=SATVETSA News}}</ref> Mo maemong ano, o berekile mmogo le morulaganyi wa porofinse, Ntambo Phakiso, go tsamaisa ditiro tsa ditherisano magareng ga baithuti ba dikoleji tsotlhe tsa Foreisetata le sekwama sa ditshegetso tsa matlole sa thuto sa bosetšhaba (NSFAS) go rarabolola mathata a dituelo tsa baithuti le maronopo a thuto.<ref name="SATVETSA_NEC_Members" /><ref name="SATVETSA_NWC_2025" />{{Reflist}} b2vl5tbrf9r2tu90l4whj08n639o4wd