Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.22 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1020 56297 56200 2026-10-05T16:57:51Z Orbitminis 11627 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/56200|56200]] by [[Special:Contributions/Orbitminis|Orbitminis]] ([[User talk:Orbitminis|talk]]) sorry batswana guys... but this article has been massively removed by Choltho due to complicated information, copy pasting from English Wikipedia and spam filters for her/him, so this user has decided to blew up nearly all of this and start from scratch. This decision is for me very stupid, because this article before this looks stunning, splendid and world class. Shame! 56297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Botswana | common_name = Botswana | native_name = Lefatshe ja Botswana ([[Setswana]])<br/>Republic of Botswana ([[Sekgoa]]) | image_flag = Flag of Botswana.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Botswana.svg | national_motto = {{native phrase|tn|Pula|paren=no}}<br /> | national_anthem = {{native phrase|tn|[[Fatshe leno la rona]]|paren=no}}<br />{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Fatshe leno la rona.ogg]]}} | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File: Botswana (centered orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Location Botswana AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Africa|default=1}} | map_caption = | capital = [[Gaborone]] | coordinates = {{Coord|24|39.5|S|25|54.5|E|type:city|display=inline}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Sekgoa]]<ref name="gov.bw languages">{{Cite web |title=About Our Country |url=https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=Gov.bw |quote=Botswana has a number of tribes across the country, collectively known as Batswana. The official language is English and Setswana is the national language, although there are other spoken languages.}}</ref> | languages_type = Diteme Bosetšhaba | languages = [[Setswana]]<ref name="gov.bw languages" /> | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list|79% [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] |9% [[Batho ba letso la Kalanga|Kalanga]] |3% [[Basarwa|Barwa]] |9% Ba bangwe {{small|(go akaretsa [[Kgalagadi language|Bakgalagadi]], [[Indians in Botswana|Makula]], le [[White people in Botswana|Makgoa]])}}}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2012 | religion = {{Unbulleted list|73% [[Christianity in Botswana|Sekerêsete]] |—66% [[Protestantism]] |—7% Other [[Christian]] |20% [[Irreligion in Botswana|Basenatumelo]] |6% [[African traditional religion|Traditional faiths]] |1% Tsê dingwe{{efn|Including [[Baháʼí Faith in Botswana|Baháʼí]], [[Hinduism in Botswana|Hindu]], and [[Islam in Botswana|Seinêêdi]].<ref name=pew/>}}}} | demonym = {{Unbulleted list|Batswana |Motswana }} | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[List of countries by system of government#Parliamentary republics with an executive presidency|parliamentary republic with an executive presidency]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Africa :: Botswana – The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ |website=www.cia.gov |access-date=17 December 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Selolwane |first1=Onalenna |title=Monopoly Politikos: How Botswana's Opposition Parties Have Helped Sustain One-Party Dominance |journal=African Sociological Review |date=2002 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=68–90 |doi=10.4314/asr.v6i1.23203 |jstor=24487673 |doi-access=free }}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[Tautona wa Botswana|Tautona]] | leader_name1 = [[Duma Boko]] | leader_title2 = [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|Mothusa Tautona]] | leader_name2 = [[Ndaba Gaolathe]] | leader_title3 = [[Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ya Botswana|Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente]] | leader_name3 = [[Dithapelo Keorapetse]] | legislature = [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Khudutlhamaga]] | sovereignty_type = Boipuso | sovereignty_note = go tswa [[Bogosi jo bo Kopaneng]] | established_event1 = Established ([[Molaomotheo wa Botswana|Molaomotheo]]) | established_date1 = 30 Lwêtse 1966 | area_km2 = 581,730 | area_rank = 47th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 224,610 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | area_footnote = <ref>{{cite report|url = http://www.fao.org/3/a-az171e.pdf | publisher = United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization | website = fao.org | title = Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 – Country Report – Botswana | page = 9 | date = 2015 | quote = Total Country Area ('000)ha / 58 173 }}</ref><!-- 58,173,000 hectares is 581,730 km2 --> | percent_water = 2.7 | population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Botswana}}{{UN_Population|ref}} | population_census = 2,346,179<ref>{{Cite web |last=Statistics Botswana |date=May 2022 |title=2022 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS PRELIMINARY RESULTS V2 |url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/census_documents/2022%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Preliminary%20Results.pdf |access-date=2 July 2022 |website=Statistics Botswana}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_estimate_rank = 145th | population_census_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 4.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 10.62 | population_density_rank = 231st | GDP_PPP = $43.474 billion<ref name="imf2021gdp">{{cite web |title=IMF Country Specific Data |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2021/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=67&pr1.y=3&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |access-date=10 August 2019}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = 120 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,287<ref name=imf2021gdp/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 99 | GDP_nominal = $16.948 billion<ref name=imf2021gdp/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = 120 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,519<ref name="imf2019gdp">{{cite web |title=IMF Country Specific Data |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=67&pr1.y=3&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |access-date=10 August 2019}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 101 | Gini = 53.3 | Gini_year = 2015 | Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="WBgini">{{cite web |url= https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |title= GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher= World Bank |access-date= 20 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171213083923/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |archive-date= 13 December 2017 |url-status= live}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.735<!--number only, between 0 and 1--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 100th | currency = [[Botswana pula|Pula]] | currency_code = BWP | time_zone = [[Central Africa Time]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399|last=Chapter: 01:04|title=Interpretation Act 1984 (§40(1))|date=20 July 1984|access-date=11 September 2020|archive-date=28 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328201053/http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399|url-status=dead}}</ref> | utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | date_format = yyyy-mm-dd<br />dd/mm/yyyy^a | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+267]] | cctld = [[.bw]] | official_website = [http://www.gov.bw/ http://www.gov.bw/] | footnote_a = }} '''Botswana''', [ c ] semmuso '''Rephaboliki ya Botswana''', [ d ] ke naga e e sensing lewatle mo Aforika Kwa Borwa. Botswana e sephaphathi ka popego ya lefatshe, e nale Mo e ka nnang 70% ka karolo ya yone e le karolo ya [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]] . E dikologolwe ke [[Aforika Borwa]] kwa borwa le kwa borwabotlhaba, [[Namibia]] kwa bophirima le kwa bokone, [[Zambia]] kwa bokone, le [[Zimbabwe]] kwa bokonebotlhaba. Palogotlhe jwa yone jotlhe ke {{Convert|581730|km2|sqmi}} . Gaborone, mo [[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Borwa-Botlhaba]], ke motsemogolo wa lefatshe leno e bile ke toropo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe. [[Karolo:Botswana]] [[Karolo:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]] 9iivemjfg6cbislerkeiedw094m98dg 0 2982 56299 56206 2026-10-05T17:05:09Z Orbitminis 11627 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/56206|56206]] by [[Special:Contributions/Chotlho|Chotlho]] ([[User talk:Chotlho|talk]]) removing those basic things like picture and categories are considered shameful. stop oversimplifying! 56299 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Burka_Jelagat_Doha_2010.jpg|right|thumb|Setlhopha sa batabogi ka ngwaga wa 2010.]] [[File:Defense.gov_photo_essay_100309-D-0653H-018.jpg|right|thumb|Bagaka ba tsa bosole kwa moletlong wa segopotso.]] [[Setshwantsho:20180405 FIFA Women's World Cup Qualification AUT-SRB Kristina Inhof 850 6519.jpg|thumb|Mosadi]] '''Mosadi''' ke ''motho yo o monamagadi''. Lentswe la ''mosadi ''le dirisiwa segolo go ''mogodi'', fa lentswe le ''mosetsana'' e le lentswe le ka setlwaedi le beetsweng ''ngwana'' kgotsa ''moadolesente'' yo o monamagadi.  Lentswe le ''mosadi'' gape le dirisiwa ka gale go supa motho yo o monamagadi go sa lebelelwa mengwaga, jaaka le dirisiwa mo difreising tsa go tshwana le "''ditokelo tsa basadi"'' "women's rights". "''Mosadi''" gape le ka nne la raya boikayo-bong jwa motho (person's gender identity.<ref name="MorrowMessinger">''Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression in Social Work Practice'', edited by Deana F. Morrow and Lori Messinger (2006, ISBN 0231501862), page 8: "Gender identity refers to an individual's personal sense of identity as [man] or [woman], or some combination thereof."</ref>). Basadi bao ba nang le bokao ba tlhago gantsi ba kgona go ka tsala/tshola  [giving birth] go tloga ka nako ya puberty go fitlha ka menopause. Go ya ka go ikaya-bong, batho ba ba tlolagantshitseng bong [transgender people] bao ka botsalo go lepilweng gore ke ba ba botona [determined to be [[Man|male]]] mme ba ikaya e le basadi ga ba kgone go ka tsala/tshola. Bangwe batho [ba-intersex]  ba ba ikayang e le basadi ga ba kgone go ka tsala ka ntlha ya gongwe e le fa ba sterilaisitse sterility kgotsa ba gotsitse Y khromosounu [inheriting Y chromosomes] e le nngwe kgotsa go feta.  Ka sewelo mo mabakeng a a rileng/a a tswileng thata, batho bao ba nang le Swyer syndrome ba ka tsala/tshola ka thuso ya melemo [medical assistance]. Go phunyeletsa ka ditso kgotsa ka histori basadi ba itseetse kgotsa ba tshwaetswe go tsea dikarolo tsa mehutahuta. == Ethimoloji == Go peleta mosadi ka Seisimane go tsweletse thata go ya ka meleniamo e e fetileng go tswa go ''wīfmann''<ref>"wīfmann": Bosworth & Toller, ''Anglo-Saxon Dictionary'' (Oxford, 1898-1921) p. 1219. </ref> go ya go ''wīmmann'' go ''wumman'', mme bofelelong, mopeleto wa segompieno wa mosadi [''woman''.<ref>''Webster's New World Dictionary, Second College Edition'', entry for "woman".</ref>]. Mo Seisemaneng sa kgale, ''wīfmann'' e ne e kaya motho yo monamagadi "female human", e le fa ''wēr'' e kaya motho yo motona "male human". ''Mann'' kgotsa ''monn'' e ne e na le bokao bong jo bo magareng [gender-neutral] jwa motho "human", e tsamaelana le motho 'person' kgotsa mothomongwe 'someone' ka Seisemane sa se gompieno; le fa go le jwalo, botlamoraga ga Norman Conquest, lentswe le'' monna ''le simolotswe go dirisiwa thata go kaya ''motho yo motona ''"male human", mme bofelong jwa sentshwuari ya bo-13  la khurumetsa tiriso ya lentswe la kgale ''wēr''.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=man man] - definition Dictionary.reference.com</ref> Tumapou f and m mo go ''wīfmann'' e hueditswe ka mo sebopegong sa gompieno sa "woman", fa ntlha ya tshimologo e e neng e kaya bonamagadi "female", e tsamaile semantic narrowing go tlisa tlhaloganyong mosadi yo o nyetsweng ("wife"). Ke misconception o o tlwaelegileng wa gore lentswe le "woman" go ya ka ethimoloji le lomagane le "womb", leo le tswang go lefoko le le farologaneng la Seisemane sa kgale, ''wambe '' le le kayang "stomach" (sa botona kgotsa bonamagadi; SeJeremanae sa gompieno se itshwareletse ka lentswe le le colloquial "Wampe" le letswang mo go Middle High German le le kayang  "potbelly").<ref>[http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=/data/ie/germet&text_number=%20562 Germanic Etymology]</ref><ref>[http://www.dict.cc/?s=wampe dict.cc, DT-EN, entry: Wampe]</ref> Le fa gontse jalo, boikaketso jo bo jaana jwa tlhago ya lentswe le "woman" e tlhagile le mo dikwalong.<ref>e.g. </ref> === Biological symbol === Letshwao la pholanete ya Venus ke sekai gape sa sesadi  [female sex.<ref>Jose A. Fadul. </ref>]  se se dirisiwang mo baelojing. Ke mokgwanyana wa seemedi sa seipone sa letsogo [hand-mirror] sa modimogadi Venus kgotsa letshwao la khutswafatso la modimogadi: modiko o o nang le sefapanonyana se se equilateral ka fa tlase. Letshwao la Venus gape le emela senamagadi/bonamagadi [femininity], mme ka alkhemi kgale se ne se emela koporo  [copper]. BaBoalkhemi ba agile letshwao le go tswa mo modikong (go emela mowa [spirit]) mo godimo ga sefapano se se equilateral (se emetse matter). == Terminology == [[file:venus symbol (heavy pink).svg|frameless|right|upright=0.5]] '''Bosadi '''ke nako mo bophelong motho yo monamagadi ga a setse a fetile bongwana le boadolosense, ka setwaelo mengwageng ya bo 18. Lefoko le ''mosadi'' le ka dirisiwa ka setlwaedi, go raya motho mongwe le mongwe yo o monamagadi kgotsa fa re nankolla, go raya mogodi mongwe le mongwe yo o monamagadi fa a bapisiwa le ''mosetsana''. Lefoko le mosetsana tlhagong le raya "motho yo moswa jwa bong bongwe le bongwe" ka Seisimane [English];<ref>Used in Middle English from c. 1300, meaning 'a child of either sex, a young person'. </ref> e ne e le kwa tshimologong ya sentshwuari ya bo16 fa e tla go ray ngwana yo o namagadi  [a ''female'' child].<ref>By late 14th century a distinction was arising between female children, often called 'gay girls' – and male, or 'knave girls' -: a1375 William of Palerne (1867) l. 816 ' Whan þe gaye gerles were in-to þe gardin come, Faire floures þei founde.' </ref> Lentswe le ''mosetsana'' go le gale le dirisiwa colloquially go kaya mosadi yo moswa kgotso yo a sa nyalwang; le fa go le jalo, mo metlheng ya mengwaga ya bo 1970 fa e simolola babosadi challenged tirisi ya mofuta wo ka gonne tiriso ya lefoko le go kaya mosadi yo o godileng e ne e ka tlisa kgopisanyo. Segolobogolo, mantswe a tlwaelo a a neng a dirisiwa pele jaaka ''mosetsana wa ofisi'' [''office girl''] ga a tlholwe a diririwa ka bophara. Conversely, mo ditsong dingwe tse di amantshang tlotla [honor] ya losika le bokgarebe [virginity] bonamagading, lefoko le ''mosetsana'' le dirisiwa go kaya lefetwa (mosadi yo a sa kakeng a nyalwa) ''[''never-married woman]; ka mokgwa wo le dirisiwa ka tsela e e [roughly analogous to the obsolete English ''maid'' or ''maiden'']. Go kaya motho yo monamagadi yo a sa nyalwang jaaka ''mosadi'', mo ditsong tseo, go ka akanngwa gore o na le maiphitlhelo a tlhakanelo-dikobo, eo e ka nnang thogako losikeng lwa gagwe. [[Category:All articles with unsourced statements]] [[Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span>''&#x5D;</sup> Go na le mafoko a mefutafuta a dirisiwang go kaya boleng ba go nna mosadi. Lentswe le "bosadi" le raya fela seemo sa boleng sa mosadi, a setse a kgabagantse menarche; "sesadi" "femininity" le dirisiwa go kaya bontlhanngwe jwa boleng jwa bonamagadi jo bo gokaganeng le maikutlo mangwe a diroles tsa bong [gender roles]; sebosadi "womanliness" se tshwana le sesadi "femininity", e fela ka setlwaedi se gokagane le ye e farologaneng  ya diroulo tsa bong; bosesadi "femaleness" ke lentswe le le tlwaelegileng, e fela gantsi le dirisiwa ka bokhutshwane go bosesadi ba motho  "human femaleness"; "distaff" ke letlhaodi la kgale le le tswang go ditiro tsa basadi tsa tlwaelo tsa mologi spinner, ga jaanong le dirisiwa fela ka maabomo archaism; "muliebrity" ke neologism (le tlhaga go Selatini) go raya [counterpart] ya bonamagadi ya "virility", e fela e dirisiwa ka go repa, ka nako dingwe go raya fela bosadi "womanhood", ka nako dingwe sesadi "femininity" ka nako dingwe gape jaaka lentswe la kakaretso la mosadi. [[Category:All articles with unsourced statements]] [[Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span>''&#x5D;</sup> Menarche, tshimologo ya menstruation, e dirafala go tloga ka ngwaga wa 12-13. Ditso di le dintsi di na le mareo a tlodiso [rites of passag]  go tshwaa fa mosetsana a  . . . coming of age, jaaka fa a tlhomamisiwa mo makaleng a mangwe a boKresete [Christianity], [[Category:All articles with unsourced statements]] [[Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span>''&#x5D;</sup> bat mitzvah ka seJuta [Judaism], kgotsa tlwaelo ya go dira moletlo o o botlhokwa ya matsalo birthday  a mangwe (ka kakaretso magareng ga 12 le 21), jaaka Quinceañera ba Latin America. == History == Basadi ba pele bao maina a bone a itseweng archaeology a akaretsa: * Neithhotep (c. 3200 BCE), mosadi wa Narmer le kgosigadi wa ntlha wa Egepeta ya kgale [ancient Egypt].<ref>Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton (2004). </ref><ref>J. Tyldesley, ''Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt'', 2006, Thames & Hudson.</ref> * Merneith (c. 3000 BCE), consort and regent ya Egepeta ya kgale metlheng ysdinasti ya ntlha [first dynasty]. E ka be e ne e le mmusisi wa Egepeta ka bo ena. <ref name="books.google.co.uk"><cite class="citation book">Wilkinson, Toby A.H. (2001). </cite></ref><ref>Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton (2004). </ref> * Merit-Ptah (c. 2700 BCE), le ena o dutse kwa Egepeta gape ke mosadi wa pele wa go nna ngaka [physician] le wa tsa matlhale [scientist].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923175530/http://www.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/MERIT_PTAH.html Merit-Ptah] at the University of Alabama.</ref> * Peseshet (c. 2600 BCE), ke ngaka [physician] kwa Ancient Egypt.<ref>Plinio Prioreschi, ''A History of Medicine'', Horatius Press 1996, p. 334.</ref><ref>Lois N. Magner, ''A History of Medicine'', Marcel Dekker 1992, p. 28.</ref> * Puabi (c. 2600 BCE), kgotsa Shubad – kgosigadi ya kwa Ur yoo lebitla la gagwe le fitlhetsweng le na le diartifacts tsa tlhwatlhwa e e kwa godimo. Dikgosigadi dingwe tsa kwa Ur tse di itseweng tsa pele ga Sargonic (bahumagadi ba segosi) ba akaretsa Ashusikildigir, Ninbanda, le Gansamannu.<ref><cite class="citation book">Elisabeth Meier Tetlow (2004). </cite></ref> * Kugbau (''circa'' 2,500 BCE), a taverness from Kish chosen by the Nippur priesthood to become hegemonic ruler of Sumer, and in later ages deified as "Kubaba" * Tashlultum (c. 2400 BCE), Akkadian kgosigadi, mosadi wa Sargon of Akkad gape e le mmagwe Enheduanna.<ref><cite class="citation book">Elisabeth Meier Tetlow (2004). </cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation book">Michael Roaf (1992). </cite></ref> * Baranamtarra (c. 2384 BCE), prominent and influential queen of Lugalanda of Lagash. Dikgosigadi dingwe tse di itseweng tsa pele ga-Sargonic tsa dynasty ya ntlha ya Lagash di akaretsa Menbara-abzu, Ashume'eren, Ninkhilisug, Dimtur, le Shagshag, mme maina a a mmalwa a dikhumagatsana dingwe le one a a itsege. <br> * Enheduanna (c. 2285 BCE),<ref><cite class="citation web">Samuel Kurinsky. </cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation web">Jennifer Bergman (19 July 2001). </cite></ref> moprisitagadi o mogolo [high priestess] wa tempele ya modimo wa Ngwedi [ Moon God] kwa  Sumerian motsemogolong wa Ur mme ka gongwe e le mmoki wa ntlha yo a itsegeng ebile e le mokwadi wa ntlha wa bong bongwe le bongwe.<ref><cite class="citation book">J. M. Adovasio, Olga Soffer, Jake Page (2007). </cite></ref> == Biology le bong == [[File:Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg|right|thumb|The human female reproductive system]] [[File:Sky_spectral_karyotype.png|right|thumb|Spectral karyotype of a human female]] [[File:Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male,_with_labels.png|alt=Photograph of an adult female human, with an adult male for comparison. Note that both models have partially shaved body hair.|left|thumb|Setshwantsho sa motho yo mogolo yo monamagadi, le mogodi yo motona go ba tshwantshanya. Tsaya tsia go re bobedi bo beotse bontlhabongwe ba moriri wa mmele.  ]] Fa re leba ka biology, ditho tsa thobalano [sex organs] tsa bosadi di amega mo reproductive system, ntswa secondary sex characteristics di amega mo go otleng bana kgotsa, mo ditsong tse dingwe, go ngoka e tona/molekane. Di ovaries, go tlhakana le tiro ya tsona ya go laola tsweletso/tlhagiso ya dihomounu, di tsweletsa digamete tsa bosadi tse di bidiwang mae [eggs] a o, fa a umisitswe [fertilized] ke digamete [sperm] tsa e tona, a bopa new genetic individuals. Popelo [uterus] ke setho se se nang le tlhono/thisu [tissue] e e sireletsang ebile e godisa le go tsweletsapele kgolo ya fetase[fetus] le mothapo/mosifa o e tlong go e alola ge e belega/tshola. Vagina e dirisiwa mokotong le fa go belegwa, le fa lentswe le 'vagina' le dirisiwa segolo setona colloquially le ka tsele e e sa tshwaneleng mo lelemeng la Seisemane go raya vulva kgotsa bokantle ba setho sa bosadi [external female genitalia], eo e nang le (ge re akaretsa le vagina) labia, lelengwana/nawa [clitoris], le urethra ya bosadi. Letswele [breast] le tlhagelela matuteng a a monate [sweat gland] go tsweletsa masi/lebese, secretion e e dikotla ke thwadi semelong  sa diamusi, yona le bophelo le pelego. Mo basading ba ba godileng, letswele le tonogile thata go gaisa diamusi tse dingwe; go tonoga go, e seng fela tsweletsong ya masi, e ka be bonnyane e le ka lebaka la kgetho ya thobalano [sexual selection]. (Ditseleng dingwe tse banna ba farologaneng ka sebopego le basadi, bona monna [[[man]]].) [[Category:All articles with unsourced statements]] [[Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span>''&#x5D;</sup> Seseng ka nako ya fa fetal e bopega, diembryo tsa bong bobeding di tlhagalela di le gender-neutral. Jaaka mo mabakeng ao go senang bong, jaaka mehuta e e tsweletsang asexually [reproduce asexually], tlhago e e gender-neutral e kgaufi le ya bosadi go na le ya botona. Fetus gantsi e golela bonnng/botoneng fa e le exposed to a significant amount of testosterone (segolo thata ka fetus e na le Y chromosome go tswa go ntate/rre). Ga go se jalo, fetus gantsi e golela bosading, segolo thata fa fetus e na le X chromosome go tswa go ntate/rre, kgotsa gape fa ntate a sa abelana ka chromosome X kgotsa ya Y. Morago ka nako ya puberty, estrogen e feminisa lekgarebe, e mo fe semelo sa bong sa bagodi/ go gola. [[Category:All articles with unsourced statements]] [[Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span>''&#x5D;</sup> Go se lekalekane ga go lepalepana ga dihomounu tsa bomme le dikhemikale (kgotsa diretebatsi) di ka fetola popego ya sekondari ya bong ba  difetase. Basadi ba le bantsi ba na le karyotype 46,XX, fela a le mongwe go ba ba sekete o tla ba le 47,XXX, gape a le mongwe go ba ba 2500 o tla baana le 45,X. Se se ganana le karotype ya bonna tota  ya 46,XY; ka jalo, di chromosomes X le Y  di itsiwe ka bonamagadi le botona,  go ya ka tatelano. Ka gonne batho ba gotsa fela mitochondrial DNA go tswa mo ovum ya mme, dithuto tsa genetic tsa bonamagadi ka gale di lepa mitochondrial DNA.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} Le fa ngwana a kaiwa le yo monamagadi se ga se ga ntsi se kaya gore mo nakong e e tlang ngwana yo o tla ikaya jalo (lebelela gender identity). Sekao, intersex individuals, ba seemo le/kgotsa popego ya tlhago tse di tswakaneng, ba ka dirisa bokao bongwe fa ba tlhekisa ikano ya bone. Kwa tsalong, bana ba ka fiwa bong go ikaegilwe mo dithong tsa bona tsa bong. Mo mabakeng a mangwe, le fa ngwana a na le dichromosone tsa XX, fa a tsetswe ka ntsutsu, ba godisiwa ka botona.<ref name="Fausto-Sterling2000"><cite class="citation book">Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2000). </cite></ref>  Go na gape le transgender le basadi ba transsexual, bao ba neng ba kailwe ka botona fa ba tsalwa, e fela ba kaiwa jaaka e le basadi; go na le ditlhaloso tse di farologaneng tsa lephedisano, semolao, le  boleng tseo di leng mabapi le kgang e.  (lebelela trans woman).{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} [[File:11-stages-womanhood-1840s.jpg|left|thumb|"The Life & Age of Woman - Stages of Woman's Life from the Cradle to the Grave",1849]] Le fa bonnyane go tsalwa ba ba namagadi go na le ba ba tona  (selekanyo se tsamaela go 1:1.05), ka ntlha ya botshelo jo bo eletswang jo be telele go na le banna ba le 81 fela ba ba leng mo mengwageng ya 60 kgotsa go feta mo basading ba le 100 ba mengwage e e tshwanang. Basadi go le gontsi ba tshela sebaka se se telele go gaisa banna. <ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=why-is-life-expectancy-lo "Why is life expectancy longer for women than it is for men?"]</cite></ref><nowiki> Se setlholwa ke mabaka a a tlhakaneng :genetics (redundant and varied genes present on sex chromosomes in women); sociology (jaaka lebaka la gore merafeng ya sešeng ga go a lebelelwa mo gore basadi  ba ka tsenela tiro ya bosole [military service]); dikgetho tsa maphelo [health-impacting] (tse jaaka go ipolaya [suicide] kgotsa go goga sekarete, le go nwa bojalwa [alcohol]); go nna teng ga homounu ya bonamagadi  estrogen, yeo e nang le cardioprotective effect mo basading ba premenopausal; le di effect tsa high levels of androgens mo banneng. Go tswa go palogotlhe ya batho/setšhaba, go na le banna ba ba 101.3 go 100 lengwe le lengwe la basadi (source: 2001 World Almanac).</nowiki>{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} [[File:Lactancia_bebe_aire_libre.jpg|thumb|upright|Mosadi o amusa leseana la gagwe]] Mebele ya basetsana e tsamaya diphetogo ga nnyane ga ba le mo nakong ya puberty, go tshwana le fa go tlhaologile le maitemogelo a basimane.  Puberty ke tsamao ya diphetogo tsa lebopo eo mmele wa ngwana [child's body] o golang go mmele wa mogodi go kgona [sexual reproduction] go kgonisa fertilisation. E tlhotlholetswa ke ditshupetso tsa di homounu [hormonal signals] go tswa mo bokong brain  go ya go gonads-e ka nna diovari kgotsa ditestes. Go arabela ditshupetso, di gonads di ntsha dihomounu tseo di sisinyang libido le kgolo, tiro, le phetogo ya boboko, marapo [[[Lerapo|bones]]], mesifa [muscle], madi     [blood], letlalo [skin], moriri [hair], matswele [breasts], le ditho tsa thobalano [sexual organs]. Physical growth—boleele le boima- di  and weight—accelerates mo karolong ya ntlha ya puberty gape e fela fa ngwana a tlhagisitse mmele wa bogodi. Go fitlhelela kgolo ya bokgoni ba go tswetsa tsalo, pre-pubertal, dipharologano tsa popo magareng ga basimane le basetsana ke di genitalia, ntsutsu [penis] le phene [vagina]. Puberty ke tsamao e go le go ntsi e diragalang magareng ga mengwaga ya bo 10–16, e fela megwaga e e farologane go ya go mosetsana go mosetsana. Tshupokgolo fa mosetsana a le mo puberty ke menarche, tshimologo ya go ya sesading [menstruation], eo e diragalang bonnyane magareng a mengwageng ya bo 12–13.<ref name="Tanner">(Tanner, 1990).</ref><ref name="U.S. menarche"><cite class="citation journal">Anderson SE, Dallal GE, Must A (April 2003). </cite></ref><ref name="Canadian menarche"><cite class="citation journal">Al-Sahab B, Ardern CI, Hamadeh MJ, Tamim H (2010). </cite></ref><ref name="UK menarche"><cite class="citation journal">Hamilton-Fairley, Diana. </cite></ref> Basetsana ba le bantsi ba ya through menarche gape ba kgona go ka ima [pregnant] ba tshola bana [bear children].<ref>Menarche and menstruation are absent in many of the intersex and transgender conditions mentioned above and also in primary amenorrhea.</ref> Se ka setlwaedi se tlhoka internal fertilization ya mae a gagwe ka sperm sa monna ka thobalano [sexual intercourse], le fa artificial insemination kgotsa go jalelela ka karo [surgical implantation] ga embryo  e e le teng le yone go a kgonagala (lebelela reproductive technology). Thuto ya tsa tlhagisotsalo ya bonamagadi le ditho tsa tlhagiso [reproductive organs] e bitswa gynaecology.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} == Tsa bophelo == [[File:Pregnancy_26_weeks_1.jpg|thumb|upright|Mosadi yo o moimana]] Pholo ya basadi di kaya dio dingwe tsa maphelo tse di lebaganeng thwi le pholo ya basadi ya ditho-popego tsa bonamagadi. Go malwetsi mangwe a segolo se tonna a tlhomarang basadi, jaaka lupus. Gape, go na le malewetsi mangwe a a tsalanang thata le bong [gender-related illnesses] a a bonong kgafetsa kgafetsa kgots fela mo basading, sekao, kankere ya matswele [breast cancer], cervical cancer, or ovarian cancer. Basadi le banna ba na le matshwao a a farolaganeng a bolwetsi gape ba ka responta ka go go farologaneng kalafing ka ditlhare. Karolo e ya diphuphutso/dinyakisiso e ithutiwa ke ba gender-based medicine.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} Kgang ya pholo ya basadi e tseetswe godimo ke bontsi ba  feminists, segolo thata moo go amanang le reproductive health. Pholo ya basadi e filwe leemo magareng a bophara mmeleng wa kitso e e nopolwang, go ba bangwe, ke World Health Organisation, eo e beyang botlhokwa bonng jaaka e le ekaego ya  tsa pholo .<ref>http://www.who.int/social_determinants</ref> Maternal mortality kgotsa maso a botswetse a tlhaloswa ke ba  WHO jaaka e le "leso la mosadi fa e le moimana kgotsa sebakeng sa matsatsi a 42 a phediso/pheletso ya boimana, go sa tlhaole gore ke sebaka se se kae goba lefelo le lefe la boimana, go tloga go mabaka a a ka bong a amana le go kgotsa a ronkgile ke boimana kgotsa tsamao ya bone e seng go tswa kotsing kgotsa mabaka a kotsi."<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/indmaternalmortality/en/ "WHO &#x7C; Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)"]. </cite></ref>  Bo nnyane diperesente di le 99% tsa maso a boimana a diragala mo dinageng tse di santseng di ikaga. Go feta seripa sa ona go diragala kwa sub-Saharan Africa  gape bogolo ngwe-tharong kwa South Asia. Mabaka magolo a maso a pelego ke go tsorotla madi (segolo go tswa madi fa morago ga tsholo ya ngwana ), tshwaetso (ka tlwaelo fa morago ga tsholo ya ngwana), pre-eclampsia le eclampsia, khutliso-boimana e e sa bolokegang, le boimana bjo bo kgweleaneng ka ntlha ya bolwetsi ba letadi [malaria] le HIV/AIDS.<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/en/ "WHO &#x7C; Maternal mortality"]. </cite></ref> dinaga di le dintsi tas Yuropa, Australia, le Japane le Singapore di bolokegile that mabapi le tsa tsholo ya bana, fa dinaga tsa Sub-Saharan di le diphata tota.<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150418113820/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2223rank.html "The World Factbook"]. </cite></ref> == Ditokelo le tokologo ya Reproductive == [[File:Sterilization_states.jpg|right|thumb|A poster from a 1921 eugenics conference displays the U.S. states that had implemented sterilization legislation.]] Reproductive rights are legal rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics has stated that:<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140223203421/http://www.figo.org/projects/reproductive_and_sexual_health "Resolution on Reproductive and Sexual Health &#x7C; International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics"]. </cite></ref> : (...) ditokelo tsa botho tsa basadi di akaretsa tokelo tsa bone go ka laola godimo ga le go tsea kgato ka tokologo le boikarabelo mo mabakeng a a amanang le bong ba bone, go akaretsa tsa pholo ya bong le itsweletso, kwa ntle ga kgapeletso, kgethololo le kgwetlho. Bolosika bjo bo lekanang magareng ga basadi le banna mo mabakeng a tsa botsalano bonng le itswalong, go akaretsa tlhompho ka botlalo go tlhompha botho ba motho,go tlhoka tlhompho ya pelegano, tumelano le kabelano ya maikarabelo go maithswaro a bong le ditlamorago tsa ona.  <br> Tlolo ya ditokelo tsa itsweletso di akaretsa boimana ka kgapeletso [forced pregnancy], go imisiwa ga kgapeletso [forced sterilization] le khutliso-boimana ka kgapeletso [forced abortion]. Go emisiwa ka kgapeletso go ne go dirisiwa nakong seripeng sa ntlha sa sentshuari ya bo 20th bogolo ke dinaga tsa Bophirimatsatsi. Go emisiwa ka kgapeletso le khutliso-boimana ka kgapeletso di begwa e le mekgwa e sešeng e dirisiwang mo dinageng tse di jaaka Uzbekistan le China.<ref><cite class="citation news">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17612550 "Uzbekistan's policy of secretly sterilising women"]. </cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01fjx63 "BBC Radio 4 - Crossing Continents, Forced Sterilisation in Uzbekistan"]. </cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/china/130409/china-mother-dies-after-forced-sterilization-one-child-policy "China 'one-child' policy: Mother of 2 dies after forced sterilization"]. </cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/thousands-risk-forced-sterilization-china-2010-04-22 "Thousands at risk of forced sterilization in China &#x7C; Amnesty International"]. </cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation news">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-18435126 "China forced abortion photo sparks outrage"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |access-date=2017-01-06 |archive-date=2015-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313045221/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tlhokego ya melao e e maleba ya tsa kgwetlo ya thobalano e tlhakane le  The lack of adequate laws on sexual violence combined with the lack go tlhokega ga phitlhelelo go dithibela-pelego   [contraception] le/kgotsa khutliso-boimana [abortion] ke mabaka a kgapeletso ya boimana (lebelela boimana ka peto [pregnancy from rape]).{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} == Ditiro ka setso le bong == [[File:Weaving_profile.jpg|thumb|Mosadi yo o logang. Tiro ka Textile kwa ga lowe le ka histori le mo ditsong di le dintsi, ke modiro wa bahumagadi/basadi]] Mo ditsong di le dintsi tsa prehistoric, basadi ba tsere karole e e rileng  ya setso. Mo ditšhabeng tsa botsomi-le-bokgobokelo [hunter-gatherer], basadi  ka karetso e ne e le bakgoboketsi ba dijo tsa dijalo, diphoofotswana, dijonyana tsa diphoofotswana le ditlhapi, fa banna ba tsoma nama ya diphoofolo tse kgolo.  {{citation needed|date=April 2015}} Mo setšheng, dikarolo ka bong di fetogile e le tota. Kwa ga lowe, go tloga bonnyaneng, kgatlhegelo ya ditiro e ne segolo e lebisitswe ntlheng e e rileng go ya ka bong.<ref><cite class="citation book">Sharpe, S. (1976). </cite></ref> Go ya ka dingwao, basadi ba klase ya magareng [middle class women] ba ne ba amega mo ditirong tsa segae segolo thata tsa tlhokomelo ya bana. Basadi ba ba humanegi bone, bogolo ba klase ya go dira [working class], le fa se gantsi e setse e le se se eletswang, maemo a tsa moruo a ba gapeleditse go batla tiro kwa ntle ga legae. Ditiro di le dintsi tse di neng di le teng mo go bone e ne e le tse di duelang madi a a kwa tlase go lekannwga le tseo di leng teng go banna.  {{citation needed|date=April 2015}} Fa diphetogo mebarakeng ya madirelo di tla di e ba teng, go ba gona ga bothapiwa go fetogile fela go tloga tirong ya 'ditshila', diureng tse ditelele tsa mediro ya kwa difekethering go ya go ditiro tse di "tlhwekileng", tse di tlhomphegang tsa diofisi tseo di neng di tlhoka thuto, botseakarolo ga basadi kwa madirelong a kwa U.S.go tlhatlhogile ka 6% ka 1900 go ya go 23% ka 1923. Go suta go go badiredi go tlisiitse diphetogo mo maikutlo a basadi kwa tirong, gwa dumelela go tla ga menololo ya ditiro eo ditswamorago tsa yone di direlng basadi go nna career and education oriented.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} [[File:WomanFactory1940s.jpg|thumb|Ka nako ya Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe [World War II], basadi bangwe ba ne ba dira ditiro tseo ka ditso tsa dinako tseo go ne go twe ke tsa bonna.]] Ka bo 1970s, diachademiki tsa bomme di le dintsi, go akaretsa ba thutamatlhale, di ne tsa ikatologanya le go tshola bana. E fela, go phunyeletsa di 1980s, diinstitushene di lekile go lekalekanya maemo a banna le basadi  tkwa mafelobodirelo. Le fa go le jalo, go se lekalekane fa kwa gae go ragile ditšhono tsa basadi go ka atlega jaaka banna.  Basadi ba diprofeshenale ba santsane  ba lebagane le mediro ya selegae le tlhokomelo ya bana. Jaaka fa batho ba a tle ba bue, ba na le "mekgweleo 'mebedi" eo e sa ba letleleleng nako le matla a go ka tswelela ka tsa ditiro.  Le gone, le fa go ne go na le go oketsega ga tekatekanyo ya go tsea karolo tsa bong ka mo gae bobeding ga banna le basadi, thuto-nyakisiso ya sešeng e bontshitse gore basadi ba itebagantse le tsa morality, fairness, and well-being, fa banna ba itebagantse le social conventions.<ref>Gere, J., & Helwig, C. C. (2012). </ref> Go fitlhela ka tshimologong ya sentshuari ya bo 20th, dikholotshe tsa basadi kwa U.S. di ne di required gore ditokololo tsa fakhalti tsa basadi di nne di sa nyalwa, se se itshetlegile mo goreng mosadi a ka se kgone go ka tswelela a tshwere  di full-timeprofeshene tse pedi ka nako e le nngwe.  Go ya ka Schiebinger, " Go nna wa tsa matlhale o le mosadi ebile o le mme ke mokgweleo mo setšhabeng se se solofelang gore basadi go le gontsi go feta banna ba bea lelwapa pele ga ditiro tsa bone. [Being a scientist and a wife and a mother is a burden in society that expects women more often than men to put family ahead of career.]" (pg. 93).<ref><cite class="citation book">Schiebinger, Londa (1999). </cite></ref> mekgatlho e emelela equality of opportunity bong ka bobedi le equal rights go sa kgathalatsege bong. Ka tswakatswakano ya diphetogo tsa tsa moruo [economic] le maiteko a mokgatlho ya bahumagadi [feminist],{{Specify|date=May 2007}} mo mengwagasomeng ya jaanong basadi mo merafeng e le mentsi ba na le phitlhelelo ya mediro e e kwa godimo ga ya maloba ya kagolegae [homemaker]. Etswa palo e kgolwane ya basadi e batla thuto e e kwa godimo, dituelelo gantsi di kwa tlase ga tsa banna. dikgang tsa CBS News ka 2005 di tleimile gore mo United States basadi ba ba mengwageng e 30 go ya go 44 gape ba na le dikiri ya unibesithi ba dira diperesente di le 62 ya  banna bao ba nang le dithuto tsa go tshwana le tsa bone, kelo e e ka tlasenyana ga dinaga tse di 19 kwa ntle ga tse tharo kwa dipalo di fumanegang. ditšhaba dingwe tsa Bophirimatsatsi tseo di duelang dituelo tse di sa  lekalekaneng ke Jeremane, New Zealand le Switzerland.<ref><cite class="citation news">[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/09/13/national/main838207_page2.shtml?tag=contentMain;contentBody "U.S. Education Slips In Rankings"]. </cite></ref> === Kgwetlho kgatlhanong le basadi === [[File:Campaign_road_sign_against_female_genital_mutilation_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Khampheini kgatlhanong le female genital mutilation – letshwao la tsela kgaufi le Kapchorwa, Uganda.]] [[File:Torturing_and_execution_of_witches_in_medieval_miniature.jpg|thumb|Phiso ya baloi, fa bangwe tshwerwe ka mo Stokseng/Legoreng]] [[File:Chinese_girl_from_one_of_the_Japanese_Army's_'comfort_battalions'.jpg|thumb| Motšha wa mosadi ethnic Chinese yo o neng a le mongwe wa basadi ba Imperial Japanese Army's "comfort battalions" – bao ba neng ba gapeletswa go gweba ka mmele –o botsolotswa ke  mo ofisiri wa Allied.]] Kgoeletso ya mo phedisong ya Kgwetlho kgatlhanong le Basadi [UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women] e tlhalosa  "kgwetlho kgatlhanong le basadi [violence against women]" jaaka:<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/48/a48r104.htm "A/RES/48/104.]</cite></ref> gape e itsise mekga e meraro ya kgwtlho e jalo:  eo e diragalang ka mo lelapeng, eo e diragalang ka mo gare ga motse ka le gotlhekgotsa bophara, le eo '' e tlhotlheletswan kgotsa rotloetswang ke Mmuso. ''E gape e begang gore"kgwetlho kgatlhanong le basadi ke itshupo ya matla a ka histori a sa lekaneng  magareng a banna le basadi." <ref><cite class="citation web">United Nations General Assembly. </cite></ref> kgwetlho kgatlhanong le basadi ke bothata jo bo phatlhaletseng , bo tlhotlholetswa, segolo thata kwa ntle ga Bophirima, ke maemo a setshaba a bong tona, tlhokego ya melao e e maleba , le tlhokego ya tsenyo tirong ya melao e e le teng. Dingwao tsa setšhaba tse di leng teng dikarolong tse ntsi tsa lefatshe di kgoreletsa tswelopele go iseng tshireletsong ya basadi kgatlhanong le kgwetlho. Sekao, go ya ka paloboka tsa UNICEF, palokgolong ya basadi ba ba mo mengwageng ya   15–49 ba ba naganang gore mogatso o loketswe go ka otlhaya kgotsa a otla mosadi mo mabakeng a a rileng e kgolo go ya go  90% kwa Afghanistan le Jordan, 87% kwa Mali, 86% kwa Guinea le Timor-Leste, 81% kwa Laos, le 80% kwa Central African Republic.<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140704112113/http://www.childinfo.org/attitudes_data.php "Statistics by Area - Attitudes towards wife-beating - Statistical table"]. </cite></ref> Paloboka tsa 2010 e e dirilweng ke Pew Research Center e fumane gore kgobotlo ka majwe [stoning] jaka kotlhao ya bootswa [adultery] e ne e thuswa ke 82% ya bafetodi kwa Egepeta [Egypt] le Pakistan, 70% kwa Jordan, 56% Nigeria, 42% kwa Indonesia.<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.pewglobal.org/2010/12/02/muslims-around-the-world-divided-on-hamas-and-hezbollah/ "Muslim Publics Divided on Hamas and Hezbollah &#x7C; Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project"]. </cite></ref> Mekga e e maleba ya kgwetlho e e amang basadi e akaretsa go sugutla ditho tsa bosadi [female genital mutilation], kgwebo ya thubalano [sex trafficking], kgapeletso ya kgwebo ka mmele [forced prostitution], kgapeletso nyalo [forced marriage], petelelo [rape], tshwenyo ka thobalano [sexual harassment], dipolao tsa go tlhompha [honor killings], go kolopa esiti [acid throwing], le kgwetlho e e amanang le tuelo-bogadi [dowry related violence]. mmebuso e e ka e kgatholosa mo kgwetlhong kgatlhanong le basadi, sekao, ka meetlo ya go tshwana le kgobotlo ka majwe  for instance through practices such as [stoning] (jaaka e le kotlhao ya bootswa). Go ntse go na le mekgwa e mentsi ya kgwetlho kgatlhanong le basadi go ya ka histori, e e neng e atile, e e supegang e le go tshubiwa ga baloi [burning of witches], go tlhabela ka baswagadi  [widows] (jaaka sati) le pofo maoto [foot binding]. Tshekiso ya basadi bao ba pateletswang ka boloi e na le setso se se telele, sekao,  diteko tsa boloi tshimologong ya pako ya sejwale [witch trials in the early modern period] (magareng a disentshuari tsa  15th and 18th) di ne di tlwaelegile kwa Europe gape le kwa dikoloneng tsa ma Yoropa kwa North America. Gompieno, go setse di dikodiko tsa lefatshe (jaaka dikarolo tsa Sub-Saharan Africa, lefelo-magae la North India, le Papua New Guinea)   tumelo boloing e tserweng tsia ke batho ba le bantsi, gape basadi ba patelediwang gore ke baloi ba gatelelwang ka kgwetlho e e masisi tota. <ref>http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1129&context=djcil#H2N1</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.mrc.ac.za/crime/witchhunts.pdf |access-date=2017-01-06 |archive-date=2017-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506125641/http://www.mrc.ac.za/crime/witchhunts.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref><cite class="citation news">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21363894 "Woman burned alive for 'sorcery' in Papua New Guinea"]. </cite></ref> Go tlaleletsa, go na le dinaga dingwe tseo di nang le melawana ya borukhutli kgatlhanong le boloi. Kwa Saudi Arabia, boloi ke eme e le borukghutlhi jo kotlo ya bone e leng loso [punishable by death], gape ka 2011 naga e e ile ya kgaola mosadi tlhogo ka ntlha ya boloi  [ 'witchcraft and sorcery'].<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/saudi-arabia-beheading-sorcery-shocking-2011-12-12 "Saudi Arabia: Beheading for 'sorcery' shocking &#x7C; Amnesty International"]. </cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation news">[http://edition.cnn.com/2011/12/13/world/meast/saudi-arabia-beheading/ "Saudi woman beheaded for 'witchcraft and sorcery' - CNN.com"]. </cite></ref> Gape ke molato gore dikgwetlho dingwe kgatlhanong le basadi di bonwa e le ditsa e le ditlolomolao tsa borukhutlhi  mo dinakong tsa sešeng, mme ga di ganelelwe ka gotlhegotlhe, ka gonne dinaga di le dintsi di tswetse pele go di letlelela. Se se jalo segolo mo molatong wa petelelo lenyalong [marital rape].<ref>In 2006, the UN Secretary-General's ''In-depth study on all forms of violence against women'' found that (pg 113): "Marital rape may be prosecuted in at least 104 States. </ref><ref>In England and Wales, marital rape was made illegal in 1991. </ref> Kwa Lefatsheng la Bophirimatsatsi, go ne go na le tshoetso ya go netefatsa tekatekano ya bong [gender equality] lenyalong [marriage] le  tshekiso ya kgwetlho selegae [domestic violence], e fela dikarolong tse dintsi tsa lefatshe basadi ba sa ntsane be tseelwa ditokelo tsa molao tse di botlhokwa fa ba tsena mo lenyalong.<ref>For example, in Yemen, marriage regulations state that a wife must obey her husband and must not leave home without his permission.[http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/ngos/Yemen%27s%20darkside-discrimination_Yemen_HRC101.pdf] </ref> Kgwetlho ya thobalano kgatlhanong le basadi e oketsega thata metlheng ya dintswa [war] le dikgotlhang tsa marumo [armed conflict], metlheng ya futugelo ya sesole [military occupation], kgotsa difutugelo semorafe [ethnic conflicts]; segolo thata ka mokgwa wa petelelo tsa ntwa [war rape] le bokgoba ba tsa thobalano [sexual slavery]. Dikao tsa sešeng tsa kgwetlho ka thobalo metlheng ya ntswa di akaretsa petelelo metlheng ya Ntwa ya Tokologo ya Bangladesh [rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War], petelelo ka Ntwa ya kwa Bosnia [rape in the Bosnian War], petelelo metlheng ya Polaomogofe ya kwa Rwanda [rape during the Rwandan Genocide], le petelelo metlheng ya Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Congo [rape during Second Congo War]. Kwa Colombia, kgotlhang ya marumo e feleletse e okeditse kgwetlho kgatlhanong le basadi ya thobalano.<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/colombian-authorities-fail-stop-or-punish-sexual-violence-against-women-2012-10-04 "Colombian authorities fail to stop or punish sexual violence against women &#x7C; Amnesty International"]. </cite></ref> Melao le melawana ya kgwetlho kgatlhanong le basadi di atlhologane go ya ka sedikopuso. Kwa European Union, tshwenyo ya thobalano le go kgwebo ka motho di kwa tlase ga ditaelo [directives].<ref>Directive 2002/73/EC - equal treatment of 23 September 2002 amending Council Directive 76/207/EEC on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1976L0207:20021005:EN:PDF]</ref><ref>DIRECTIVE 2011/36/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 5 April 2011 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/629/JH http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:101:0001:0011:EN:PDF</ref> == Moaparo, kaparo le direo tsa diaparo == [[File:Group_of_Women_Wearing_Burkas.jpg|right|thumb|Basadi ba MaAfghan ba apere  burqas. Basadi bangwe ba ma Muslim ba apera hijabs le diaparo dingwe tsa mefuta jaaka letshwao la bokgabane le  symbol of modesty and bofitlha.]] Basadi mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa lefatshe ba apara ka ditsela tse di farologaneng, ka ditlhopho tsa bone tsa moaparo di rutloetsa ke dingwao tsa sediko, metheo ya tumelo, semelo sa setšhaba, le metsamae ya moaparo, go mabaka a mangwe. Ditšhaba tse di fapafapaneng di na le dikakanyo tse di farologaneng ka bokgabane [modesty]. E fela, mo di dikopuso di le dintsi, ditlhopho tsa basadi bapabi le moaparo ga di a tlhophologa, ka melao e kganela seo ba ka se aparang kgotsa ba se se apare.  Se ke sekai mabapi moaparo wa seIsilamo        [Islamic dress]. Lefa di dikopuso dingwe ka se molao di dumeletse moaparo oo ( go ka apara mofapha-tlhogo), dinaga dingwe di ganetsa kgotsa di thiba go ka apara moaparo mongwe wa hijab  (jaaka burqa/ go kgurumetsa sefatlhego) mo mafelong a a mo pontsheng (naga e jalo ke [[Fora|France]] - bona kganetso ya go khurumetsa sefatlhego ya kwa Forantshe [French ban on face covering]). Melao e e ke kgang e e masisi e le tota.<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130927134431/https://doc.es.amnesty.org/cgi-bin/ai/BRSCGI/WOMENS%20RIGHT%20TO%20CHOOSE%20THEIR%20DRESS%20FREE%20OF%20COERCION?CMD=VEROBJ&MLKOB=29309215959 "Women's right to choose their dress, free of coercion"]. </cite></ref> == Kumiso le botshelo ba lesika == [[File:Countriesbyfertilityrate.svg|thumb|upright=1.25|Mmapa wa lefatshe o o bontshang dinaga go ya ka tekanyo ya go umisa [total fertility rate] (TFR), go ya ka CIA World Factbook's 2015 data. ]] [[File:Percentage of birth to unmarried women, selected countries, 1980 and 2007.png|left|thumb|upright=1.25|Palokgolo ya tsa tsalo ya basadi bao ba sa nyalwang, dinageng tse di tlhophilweng 1980 le 2007.<ref name="non_mar1"><cite class="citation web">[http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db18.htm "Changing Patterns of Nonmarital Childbearing in the United States"]. </cite></ref>]] Tekanyo ya kumiso e e feleletseng [total fertility rate] (TFR) - palo bogare ya bana ba ba belegweng ke mosadi botshelong jwa gagwe jotlhe - e farologane segolo thata magareng a di diko tse di farologaneng tsa lefatshe. Ka 2013, palo  e e kwa godimo e akantsweng ya TFR e ne e le kwa Niger (7.03 ya bana e ne e tsholwa ke mosadi a le mongwe) mme e e kwa tlasenyana e le kwa Singapore (0.79 bana/mosadi).<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091028133713/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html "The World Factbook"]. </cite></ref> Le fa dinaga di le dintsi mo Sub-Saharan African di na le TFR e kwa godimo, e e tlholang mathata ka ntlha ya tlhokego ya ditsweletsi gape e na le seabe mo go ateng ga batho [overpopulation], dinaga di le dintsi tsa kwa Bophirimatsatsi go le jaana di itemogela sub replacement fertility rate e e ka isang go population ageing le population decline. Mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa lefatshe, go nnile diphethogo di le dintsi tsa seemo sa lesika dingwagasome tse di fetileng. Sekao, kwa Bophirima , go ne go na le tsamao ya go ikatologanya le dipaakanyetso tse di akaretsang go dula/tshela le leloko-tshika  extended family go tseo di nang le nuclear family. Go na gape le tsamao ya go tloga go nyalo e e umisang go ya go eo e sa umiseng. Bana ba ba belegweng kwa ntle ga lenyalo ba ka tswa ba belegwa fo tswa go cohabiting couples kgotsa go single women. Le fa tsalo kwa ntle ga lenyalo e tlwaelegile e bile e amogetswe ka botlalo dikarolong dingwe tsa lefatshe, kwa mafelong mangwe di a sotlakakwa e le ruri, ka bomme ba ba sa nyalwang ba lebane le kgethololo, e e akaretsan kgwetlho e e tswang mo malokong a  masika a bone, gape mo mabakeng a a feteletseng tota ba a bolawa ka dipolao tsa tlotlo [honor killings].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130501013343/http://www.mrt-rrt.gov.au/CMSPages/GetFile.aspx?guid=91cf943a-3fa6-4fce-afec-4ab2c2a356fd</ref><ref><cite class="citation news">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3523123.stm "Turkey condemns 'honour killings'"]. </cite></ref>  Go tlaleletsa, thobalano kwa ntle ga lenyalo [sex outside marriage] e ntse e se ka mo molaong dinageng tse dintsi (jaaka Saudi Arabia, Pakistan,<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130121175822/http://www.eyeontheun.org/voices.asp?p=632 "Human Rights Voices – Pakistan, August 21, 2008"]. </cite></ref> Afghanistan,<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20081026065259/http://www.aidsportal.org/news_details.aspx?ID=4236 "Home"]. </cite></ref><ref name="travel.state.gov"><cite class="citation web">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120408144044/http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1142.html "Iran"]. </cite></ref> Iran,<ref name="travel.state.gov"/> Kuwait,<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/2f5665ae20b956cb8025675a0033cafb?Opendocument "United Nations Human Rights Website – Treaty Bodies Database – Document – Summary Record – Kuwait"]. </cite></ref> Maldives,<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.everyculture.com/Ja-Ma/Maldives.html "Culture of Maldives – history, people, clothing, women, beliefs, food, customs, family, social"]. </cite></ref> Morocco,<ref><cite class="citation news">Fakim, Nora (9 August 2012). </cite></ref> Oman,<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://web.archive.org/web/20071215043802/http://www.interpol.com/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaOman.pdf "Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children – Oman"] (PDF). </cite></ref> Mauritania,<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154358.htm "2010 Human Rights Report: Mauritania"]. </cite></ref> United Arab Emirates,<ref><cite class="citation web">Dubai FAQs. </cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation news">Judd, Terri (10 July 2008). </cite></ref> Sudan,<ref><cite class="citation news">[http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/06/28/idUSL28849488._CH_.2400 "Sudan must rewrite rape laws to protect victims"]. </cite></ref> Yemen,<ref><cite class="citation web">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. </cite></ref>). Tseokarolo ya mme [mother] setšhabeng e farologane magareng ga ditso. Dikarolong di le dintsi tsa lefatshe, basadi bao ba nang le bana ba ba ikaegileng mo go bone go lebeletswe gore ba dule gae ba neele matla a bone otlhe kgodisong ya  bana, fa kwa mafelong mangwe (segolo thata dinageng tsa Bophirimatsatsi) bomme go le gontsi ba boela morago ditirong tsa tuelo mothers most often return to paid work (lebelela mme yo o dirang [working mother] le mme yo o dulang gae [stay at home mother]). == Bodumedi == Ditumelo tse di rileng di na le dintlha tse itseng tse di amanang le kabelano tiro ka bong [gender roles], tirisanommogo ya social le ya go ithuna magareng a bong, go apara diaparo go go siameng ga basadi, le dilo tse difapaneng tse di amang basadi le boemo jwa bone setšhabeng. Kwa dinageng di le dintsi, dithuto tsa ditumelo tse di tshusumetsa molao wa borukhutlhi [ criminal law], kgotsa molao wa losika [family law ] di dikopusong tseo.  (Lebelela sekao molao wa Sharia law). Dithulaganyo tsa ditšhabatšhaba di buisane thata mabapi le botsalano magareng a bodumedi, molao le tekatekano ya bong.<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/html/http%3Cspan%20class=%27pullme%27%3EIt%20has%20become%20increasingly%20clear%20that%20disasters%20are%20setting%20back%20efforts%20in%20development%20%E2%80%93%20they%20can%20cripple%20the%20economy,%20destroy%20infrastructure,%20and%20plunge%20more%20people%20into%20poverty%3C/span%3E://www.unisdr.org/www.sealthedeal2009.org/petition/html/story.asp?NewsID=46370&Cr=religion&Cr1=#.Ustsg_tpCKE "United Nations News Centre - Harmful practices against women and girls can never be justified by religion – UN expert"]. </cite></ref> == Thuto == '''Thuto ya bahumagadi [Female education]''' e akaretsa makgetlho a tekatekano ya bong le phitlhelelo ya thuto, le ka moo e kopaneng le go phokotso ya bohuma. Gape dilo dingwe tse di amegang ke dithuto tsa bong-bongwe [single-sex education] le thuto bodumedi ka ntlha ya gore karologanyo ya thuto go ya ka bong gape le ka dithutiso tsa bodumedi go tloga kgale e le tsone di tsepameng mme di santsane di le botlhokwa segolo thata mo dikgannyeng tsa setšheng go ruteng bahumagadi jaaka e le kgang e e etsweng tlhoko ka bophara. Le fa mokgatlho wa tsa bohumagadi o tlhatlositse botlhokwa jwa dilo tseo di amanang le thuto ya bahumagadi, dikgannye tse di namile ka bophara ebile ga di tlholoswe ka bokhutshwane. Di ka akaretsa, sekao, thuto ka AIDS.^[1] Thuto ka gotlhe, se se kaya gore thuto e puso e e abelang phoraemari le sekonthari ikemetse kwa ntle ga bong [independent of gender] ga e ise e nne  setlwaelo ka bophara [global norm], le fa go itshengwa jalo  dinageng di le dintsi tse ditsweletsengpele. kwa dingang dingwe tsa Bophirimatsatsi, basadi ba gaisitse banna maemomg a mantsi a thuto. Sekao, kwa United States ka 2005/2006, basadi ba duetswe 62% ya associate degrees, 58% ya bachelor's degrees, 60% ya master's degrees, le 50% ya doctorates.^[2] === Literacy === [[File:Bolivia_la_paz_literacy_LOC.jpg|right|thumb|upright|Basadi ba tsenetse dithuta-bogolo kwa El Alto sedikong sa La Paz, Bolivia.]] World literacy e kwa tlase mo bahumagading go na le mo go ba botona. CIA World Factbook e bega di tekanyetso tsa go tloga  2010 tseo di bontshang gore 80% ya basadi e kgona go buisa le go kwala, go lekanngwa le 88.6% ya banna (ba mengwageng ya 15 le go feta). Ditekanyetso tsa go kgona go buisa le go kwala di kwa tlasetlase kwa Borwa le Bophirima ba Asia, le kwa dikarolong tsa Sub-Saharan Africa.<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100105171656/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html "The World Factbook"]. </cite></ref> === Dinaga tsa OECD === [[File:Paula_Khan.jpg|thumb|upright|Mohumagadi wa biologist o lekanya khudu ya sekaka [desert tortoise] pele a a lokolola.]] ==== Thuto ==== Gender gap ya tsa thuto kwa dinageng tsa Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) e fokoditswe go tsweng mengwageng 30 e e fetileng. Basadi ba batšha gompieno jaana go na le kgonego ya gore ba ka fetsa dithuto tsa bona tsa theishari: kwa dinageng tse 19 tsa tse 30 tsa OECD, bogolo go feta gabedi basadi ba le bantsi ba mo mengwageng ya bo 25 go ya go 34 ba feditse dithuto tsa bone tsa theishari go na le basasdi ba ba mo mengwageng ya bo 55 go ya go 64. Kwa dinageng di le 21 tsa tse di 27 tsa OECD go ya ka data e e ka lekelekanngwang, palo ya basadi ba ba alogileng go tswa go manaena a maemo a yunibesithi e lekana kgotsa e feta ya banna. Basetsana ba mengwaga e le15 ka gale ba bontsha ditsholofetso tsa kwa godimo tsa tsa thuto tsa bone go na le basimane ba mengwaga e e tshwanang le ya bone.<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/document/31/0,2340,en_2649_201185_33710751_1_1_1_1,00.html Education Levels Rising in OECD Countries but Low Attainment Still Hampers Some,] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development<span>, Publication Date: 14 September 2004</span>. </ref> Le fa basadi ka palo ba feta seipagare sa dialogane tsa yunibesithi kwa dinageng tse mmalwa tsa OECD, ba amogela fela 30% ya degree tsa theishari tse di fiwang bao ba leng ka mo mafapheng a tsa matlhale le tsa boenginere, mme basadi ka palo ke ba ba  25% go ya go 35% fela mo dinageng di le dintsi tsa OECD ba e leng ba dipatlisiso.<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/document/13/0,2340,en_2649_33703_37682893_1_1_1_1,00.html Women in Scientific Careers: Unleashing the Potential,] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development<span>, <nowiki>ISBN 92-64-02537-5</nowiki>, Publication Date: 20 November 2006</span>. </ref> Go santse go na le dikgopolelo tse di fapologileng tsa tlwaelo tsa gore basadi ga ba ise ba phunyeletse go fitlhelela di digree tsa bo akhademiki. Go ya ka Margaret Rossiter, mo historian wa tsa matlhale, basadi jaanong jaan ba amogela diperesente tse 54 tsa di digree tsa bachelor tsotlhe kwa United States. Le fa go le jalo, le fa go na le basadi ba le bantsi bao ba nang le di digree tsa bachelor go gaisa banna, fa maemo a thuto a tlhatlhoga, banna ka bontshi ba aga ba fitlhelela tsa dipalopalo{{clarify|reason="fit the statistics"? gibberish|date=August 2014}} go na le basadi. Kwa maemomg dikalogo [graduate level], basadi ba tlatsa diperesente di le 40 tsa di digree tsa doctorate (persente tse 31 tsa bone e le ba boengenere).<ref><cite class="citation book">Eisenhart, A. Margaret; Finkel, Elizabeth (2001). </cite></ref> Le fa basadi go fitlha jaanong ba ithuta kwa diyunibesithing tsa maemo a kwa godimo go ya ka tekano go tshwana le banna, {{clarify|reason=strongly suspect this is US-centric but cannot see the source|date=August 2014}} ga ba fiwe tšhono ya go ka tsena mo fakhalting. Sociologist Harriet Zuckerman o itemogetse gore bogolo fa institute e le ya maemo a a kwa godimo, ke ka moo go ileng go ba bothata le go go ja nako, gore basadi ba fumane leemo ka mo fakhalthing moo. Ka 1989, Harvard University e ntshitse mosadi wa bone wa ntlha go chemistry, Cynthia Friend, gape ka 1992 mosadi wa ntlha go physics, Melissa Franklin. Le ene o itemogetse gore basadi go le gontsi ba ka itsholela maemo a bona a professional lekga la ntlha jaaka batlhapetsi le batlhatlheledi fa banna  go le gontsi ba ka dira la ntlha mameong tenure. Go ya ka Smith le Tang, go tloga ka 1989, banna ba persente ya 65 le basadi ba peresente e le 40 percent ba tshwere maemo a leng tenured fa peresente tse 29 fela ya tsa ba matlhale le boenginere di thapilwe jaaka bathusi ba diphrofesera kwa dikholetsheng le diyunibesithi tsa four-year e le basadi. <ref><cite class="citation book">Brainard, Susanne G.; Carlin, Linda (2001). </cite></ref> ==== Mediro ==== Ka 1992, basadi ba ne ba duelwa diperesente tse di 9 tsa di Ph.D. tse di abilweng mo engineering  fela peresente e le nngwe ya basadi bao e nnile mophrofesara. Ka 1995, diperesente di le11tsa diphrofesara tsa tsa matlhale le boenjinere e ne e le basadi. Ka tekanyo, e fela di dean tse 311 tsa dikolo tsa boinjinere e ne e le basadi, eo e tlhaelang ka peresente e le 1 ya palotlalo. Le mogo psychology,  degree eo basadi ka bontsi ba fumanang diPh.D., ba tshwere ka bontsi maemo a mmalwa a a tenured, bonneteng diperesente tse 19 ka 1994.<ref><cite class="citation book">Schiebinger, Londa (1999). </cite></ref> == Basadi dipolotiking == [[File:Map3.8Government_Participation_by_Women_compressed.jpg|alt=A world map showing female governmental participation by country, 2010.|left|thumb|upright=1.5|Mepe wa lefatshe o o bontshang bahumagadi ba ba tsaang karolo mopusong go ya ka dinaga, 2010.]] [[File:Angela_Merkel_(2008).jpg|thumb|Angela Merkel o humane maemo a a kwa godimo mo listing ya FORBES ya Basadi ba Dinatla mo Lefatsheng mo mengwageng e e robedi ya e lesome e e fetileng.<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.forbes.com/profile/angela-merkel/ "Angela Merkel"]. </cite></ref>]] Basadi ba emetswe-tlase mebusong ya dinaga di le di ntsi. Ka 2013 Diphalane, tekanyo bogareng ka sediko ya basadi ba ba leng makgotlheng a setšhaba ke 22%.<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/world.htm "Women in Parliaments: World and Regional Averages"]. </cite></ref> Suffrage ke tokelo ya botho ya go kgetha [vote]. Women's suffrage in the United States e ne ya wediwa ka bonya, sa ntlha boemong ba state le selegae, go simolola ka bofelong jwa sentshwuari ya bo19 le tshimologong ya senthwuari ya bo 20, mme ka 1920 basadi kwa US kgetho ya legotlhe, ge go fetiswa Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Dinaga dingwe tsa Bophirimatsatsi di ne tsa iketla go ka dumelela basadi go kgetha; segolo Switzerland, moo basadi ba unneng ditokelo tsa go ka kgetha mo dikgethong tsa feterale tsa 1971, mme mo canton ya Appenzell Innerrhoden basadi ba ne ba fiwa tokelo ya go ka kgetha dintlheng tsa selegae fela ka 1991, fa canton e ne e e gapeletswa ke Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland;<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch/chronology-womens-right-vote-switzerland.html "The Long Way to Women's Right to Vote in Switzerland: a Chronology"]. </cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/WOM1373.doc.htm "Experts In Women'S Anti-Discrimination Committee Raise Questions Concerning Reports Of Switzerland On Compliance With Convention"]. </cite></ref> le Liechtenstein, ka 1984, e le ka ntlha ya Liechtenstein women's suffrage referendum, 1984. == Tsa Matlhale, dikwalwa le botaki == [[File:Bust_Sappho_Musei_Capitolini_MC1164.jpg|right|thumb|upright|Mmoki wa MoGerika Sappho]] Basadi ba, go ya ka histori, dirile ditshwaelo go tsa matlhale, dikwalwa [literature] lebotaki [art]. Karolo e le esi eo basadi go ya ka histori, ba neng ba dumeletswe go e fitlhelela thata  ke ya obstetrics le gynecology (pele ga senthwuari ya bo 18, tlhokonelo ya basadi ba baimana kwa Yuropa e ne e le ka fa tlase ga basadi; go tlogeng bogareng ba senthwuari ya bo18  kelotlhokomelo ya tsa phodiso ya basadi ba baimana e ne ya simolola go tlhoka thuto ya tlhamalalo, eo basadi ka gale ba neng ba sa e fitlhelele, ka jalo tiro e e ne ya neeletswa banna).<ref name="Gelis">Gelis, Jacues. </ref><ref>Bynum, W.F., & Porter, Roy, eds. </ref> Go kwala go ne ka tlwaelo go tswewa go dumeletswe basadi ba leemo la kwa godimo, le fa go fitlhelela kgono jaaka o le mokwadi wa mohumagadi mo lefatsheng le le bontsing e leng la botona go ka nna bothata tota; ka lebaka le basadi ba le bantsi ba ile ba itsalla maina a senna  (e.g. George Sand, George Eliot).{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} [[File:Billie_Holiday,_Downbeat,_New_York,_N.Y.,_ca._Feb._1947_(William_P._Gottlieb_04251).jpg|right|thumb|Seopedi le sekwalammino sa moAmerika sa jazz Billie Holiday sa New York City ka 1947.]] [[File:Bonnie_Raitt_at_John_Edwards_presidential_campaign.jpg|right|thumb| Bonnie Raitt ke seopedi sa moAmerika, setshameki sa katara ebile ke setshameki sa piano. Ke mofenyi wa difoka tse di lesome tsa Grammy, o itsewe gape ka go tshameka slide guitar.]] Basadi e ntse e le batlhami, bakwalammino, batshameka diletswa, baopedi, batlhatlhi, baithuta mmino, baruta mmino, batlhatlhobi/bakgadi ba mmino/bakwaledi ba mmino le diphorofeshene dingwe tsa mmino. Go na le tsamao ya mmino, ditiragalo le   genres tse di amanang le basadi, women's issues le feminism. Ka bo 2010s, le fa basadi ba dira bontlhangwe jo bogolwane jwa diopedi tsa mmino o o tlwaelegileng popular music le mmino wa klasiki classical music , le bontlhangwe jo bogolwane jwa bakwalammino (bontsi ba bona e le baopedi-bakwalammino), go na le basadi ba le mmalwa fela ba e leng record producers, rock critics le rock instrumentalists. Le fa go na le palo e kgolo ya basadi ba e leng batlhami  women composers mminomg wa klasiki, go tloga ka nako Medieval period go fitlha go na jaanong, kemelo ya batlhami ba basadi e kwa tlase-tlase mo commonly performed classical music repertoire, historing ya dikwalo mmino le mo diencyclopedia tsa mmino; go fa sekao, ka mo ''Concise Oxford History of Music'', Clara Schumann ke ene motlhami wa mohumagadi a le esi yoo a umakiwang. Basadi ba dira bontlhanngwe jo bogolwane ya diopelanosi tsa diletswa mminong wa klasiki gape diperesente tsa basadi mo  orchestras e a oketsega. Sekwalwa sa 2015 sa diopelanosi  concerto kwa diCanadian orchestras tse kgolo, le mororo, se bontshitse gore 84% ya diopelanosi le Orchestre Symphonique de Montreal e ne e le banna. Ka 2012, basadi ba santse ba dirile 6% fela ya diorchestra tsa maemo a kwa godimo a Vienna Philharmonic orchestra. Basadi ga ba tlwaelega mo batshameking ba diletswa mminong wa tlwaelo jaaka rock le heavy metal, etswane go na le bahumagadi ba ditshamekadiletswa ba itsegeng le all-female bands. Basadi segolobogolo ba emetswe tlase mo extreme metal genres.<ref>Julian Schaap and Pauwke Berkers. </ref> Basadi gape ba emetswe tlase botlhatlhing ba orchestral , go kgala tsa mmino/bokwaledi ba mmino, tlhagiso/tsweletso ya mmino music producing, le sound engineering. le fa ka sentshwuari ya bo 19 basadi ba ne ba sa rotloetswe go ka tlhama, ebile go na le basadi ba ba mmalwa ba e leng  di musicologists, basadi ba ile ba itshunya thutong ya mmino music education "... ka tsela eo ba ileng ba tlhagella ka megetla [mo lefapheng le] bofelelong ba bogare ba karolo ya sentshwuari ya bo 19th go fitlhelela sentshwuari ya bo 20."<ref name="parlorsongs.com"><cite class="citation web">[http://parlorsongs.com/issues/2002-9/thismonth/feature.php "Women Composers In American Popular Song, Page 1"]. </cite></ref> Go ya ka Jessica Duchen, mokwadi wa mmino wa London's ''The Independent'', diopedi tsa basadi tsa mmino wa klasiki ba ["...too often judged for their appearances, rather than their talent"] atlholwa go le gontsi go ya ka ponagalo, go na le ka bokgoni ba bone" gape ba lebagane le kgatelelo ["... to look sexy onstage and in photos"] ya go lebega ba le sexy mo steijing le mo ditshwantshong."<ref name="music.cbc.ca">http://music.cbc.ca/#!/blogs/2014/3/Classical-musics-shocking-gender-gap</ref> Duchen o umaka gore le fa go "[t]here are women musicians who refuse to play on their looks, ... the ones who do tend to be more materially successful."] na le diopedi tsa basadi ba ba ganang go tshameka ka dipopego tsa bone, bao ba dirang jalo ba a atlega <ref name="music.cbc.ca"/> Go ya ka mokwaledi wa Seyalemoya 3 sa UK , Edwina Wolstencroft, madirelo a mmino wa klasiki kgale a buletswe go ka nna le basadi mo dikarolong tsa ditshamekong kgotsa  ditlhaletso, e fela ga se gantsi basadi ba nna mo maemong a taolo, jaaka a go nna moetaledipele wa orchestra [leader of an orchestra].<ref name="theguardian.com"><cite class="citation web">Jessica Duchen. </cite></ref> Mo mminong o o tlwaelegileng, le fa go na le basadi ba le bantsi ba diopedi bao ba gatisang dipina,  go na basadi ba se ba kae kwa morago ga  audio console boa ba dirang jaaka batlhagisi ba mmino [music producers], mothotsoko yoo a eteletseng pele ebile a tsamaisa lenaane la dikgatiso.<ref name="ReferenceB"><cite class="citation journal">Ncube, Rosina (September 2013). </cite></ref> == See also == * Sex assignment * Lists of women '''Medical:''' * Feminine psychology * Gender differences '''Dynamics:''' * Femininity * Feminization (sociology) * Matriarchy * Misogyny * Mitochondrial Eve * Sexism * Women as theological figures * Women in science '''Political:''' * Gender studies * Womyn '''Exploration:''' * List of female explorers and travelers * Women in space == References == <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <references /></div> tjf1taclegqpsk2l3252jq6dqxoeeu5 0 4166 56301 47568 2026-10-05T17:07:30Z Orbitminis 11627 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/47568|47568]] by [[Special:Contributions/Chotlho|Chotlho]] ([[User talk:Chotlho|talk]]) even infoboxes are removed because of your stupid unintelligent decision! (sorry, if I'm not nice for this...) 56301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = Motlhomphegi | name = Nelson Mandela | honorific-suffix = [[Order of Mapungubwe|OMP]] {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|RE|OM|AC|CC|OJ|GCStJ|QC}} [[Order of Prince Henry|GCIH]] [[Bharat Ratna|BR]] | image = Nelson Mandela-2008 (edit).jpg | imagesize = | alt = Nelson Mandela on the eve of his 90th birthday in [[Johannesburg]] in May 2008 | caption = Mandela kwa [[Johannesburg]], ka 13 Motsheganong 2008 | order = | office = Presidente ya Aforika Borwa ya Ntlha | term_start = 10 Motsheganong 1994 | term_end = 14 Seetebosigo 1999 | alongside = <!--For two or more people serving in the same position from the same district. (e.g. United States Senators.)--> | deputy = [[Thabo Mbeki]]<br>[[F. W. de Klerk]] | predecessor = F. W. de Klerk <br> <small>''as [[State President of South Africa|State President]]''</small> | successor = Thabo Mbeki | birth_date = 18 Phukwi 1918 | birth_place = [[Mvezo]], [[Cape Province]], [[Union of South Africa]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|05|1918|7|18|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Johannesburg]], [[Gauteng]], [[Aforika Borwa]] | restingplace = Mandela Graveyard<br>[[Qunu]], [[Kapa Botlhaba]] | restingplacecoordinates = {{Coord|31|48|21.8|S|28|36|52.7|E}} | birthname = Rolihlahla Mandela | nationality = MoAforika Borwa | party = [[African National Congress]] | otherparty = [[South African Communist Party]] | spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Evelyn Mase|Evelyn Ntoko Mase]]|5 October 1944|19 March 1958|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[Winnie Madikizela-Mandela|Winnie Madikizela]]|14 June 1958|19 March 1996|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[Graça Machel]]|18 July 1998|2013|reason=his death}}}} | relations = | children = {{plain list| * Thembekile Mandela * Makaziwe Mandela<!-- (1947–1948) --> * [[Makgatho Mandela]] * [[Makaziwe Mandela]]<!-- (born 1954) --> * [[Zenani Mandela-Dlamini|Zenani Mandela]] * [[Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane|Zindziswa Mandela]] }} | parents = | alma_mater = {{plain list| * [[University of Fort Hare]] * [[University of London External Programme|UoL External Programme]] * [[University of South Africa]] * [[University of the Witwatersrand]] }} | occupation = {{plain list| * [[Activist]] * [[Politician]] * [[Philanthropy|Philanthropist]] * [[Lawyer]] }} | profession = | cabinet = | committees = | portfolio = | religion = [[Methodist]] | signature = Nelson Mandela Signature.svg | signature_alt = Signature of Nelson Mandela | website = www.nelsonmandela.org | footnotes = | nickname = Madiba<br>Tata<br>Dalibunga | blank1 = Itsege ka | data1 = [[Internal resistance to South African apartheid|Anti-Apartheid Movement]] | blank2 = Awards | data2 = {{plain list| * [[Sakharov Prize]] (1988) * [[Bharat Ratna]] (1990) * [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (1993) * [[Order of Lenin]] * [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] }} | blank3 = Ditiro tse di itsegeng | data3 = ''Long Walk to Freedom'' }} '''Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela''' e ne e le molwantsha-tlhaolele, mopolotiki, o o neng e le tautona wa [[Aforika Borwa]] go tloga kwa ngwaga wa 1994 go ya go wa 1999. E ne le tautona wa ntlha wa motho montsho wa Aforika Borwa. Puso ya gagwe e ne e ikemiseditse go tlosa se se dirilweng ke puso ya Apartheid, le go thusa MaAforika Borwa go phela mmogo ka kgotso, le go fedisa tlhophollo ya batho go ya ka mmala wa bona. O ne a le mopresidente wa mokgatlho wa sepolotiki wa African National Congress (ANC) go tloga 1991 go ya go 1997. Mandela e ne e le Mothosa wa lolapa la bogosi la ga Thembu. O ne a tsena kwa unibesithing ya Fort Here le unibesithi ya Witwatersand, kwa a neng a ithuta tsa molao. Ga ntse a nna kwa [[Johannesburg]], o ne a nna karolo ya batho ba ne ba ba le kgatlhanong le dipolotiki tsa bokoloniale. O ne a nna karolo ya ANC mme ya nna o mongwe wa batho baba simolotseng Karolo Ya Batsha ya ANC (Youth League). Morago ga gore puso ya [[Seburu|Maburu]] ya National Party e simolole Apartheid, Mandela o ne a nna mokwapele wa motsamao wa kganetse kgatlhanong le Apartheid, mme ya nna moeteledipele wa mokgatlho wa ANC Transvaal. Ga ntse a dira jaaka loyara, o ne a tshwarwa gangwe le gape. Mandela le SACP, ba ne ba simolola setlhopha sa bosole sa Umkhonto We Sizwe (Lerumo la Setshaba). Ka ngwaga wa 1962, o ne a tshwarelwa go leka go menola mmuso mme a iswa kgolegelong bophelo botlhe ka teraele ya Rivonia. Nelson o ne a nna dingwaga dile 27 kwa kgolegelong, Robben Island kwa tshimologong, mme aiswa Pollsmoor Prison le Victor Vester Prison morago. Gareng ga kgatello ya boditshabatshaba, le go tshaba ntwa ka mo nageng, Mopresidente F.W. de Klerk o ne a ntsha Mandela kwa kgolegelong ka ngwaga wa 1990. Mandela le de Klerk ba ne ba dumelana go fedisa Apartheid, le go dira ditlhopho tsa ntlha mo nageng tsa batho botlhe ba Aforika Borwa, Bantsho le Basweu. ANC le Mandela ba ne ba fenya ditlhopho tsego mme a nna Mopresidente. Puso ya Mandela e ne ya dira molaotheo o mo ntsha wa Aforika Borwa, mme gape ba dira Truth and Reconcilliation Commition go batlisisa ditlolo molao le dikgatako tsa ditokelo tsa botho tse di fetileng. ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mandela, Nelson}} [[Karolo:Aforika Borwa]] af6s01ny1s2pzl39fnqjxom0qsjrm4c 0 8693 56288 55682 2026-10-05T15:48:39Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56288 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Temperature Bar Chart Africa--1901-2020--2021-07-14.png|thumb|Setshwantso sa dipalopalo se se bontshang [[:en:Instrumental_temperature_record|phetogo ya mogote]] mo Aforika magareng ga 1901 le 2021, ka mmala o mohibidu o le bothitho mme botala jwa legodimo bo le tsididi go feta palogare (Palogare ya mogote ka nako ya ngwaga wa 1971 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2000 e tsewa jaaka ntlha ya tshupiso ya diphetogo tse.)]] '''Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo Aforika''' ke matshosetsi a magolo ka gonne karolo ya eo ke nngwe ya dikgaolo tse [[:en:Climate_change_vulnerability|di mo kotsing]] thata ya [[:en:Effects_of_climate_change|ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya]] [[:en:Effects_of_climate_change|seemo sa bosa]], le fa e le yone e e bakang mesi e e kwa tlase ga karolo ya bone mo lekgolong ya lefatshe lotlhe e e dirang gore go nne le kgololo ya dighese tse di tshwarang mollo mo lefaufaung.<ref>Bank, African Development (5 November 2024). "[https://www.afdb.org/en/cop29/focus-africa Focus on Africa]". ''African Development Bank Group''. Retrieved 1 July 2026.</ref>Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e baka mekgwa e e sa tlhomamang ya pula, d[[:en:Extreme_weather|itiragalo tse di feteletseng tsa]] [[:en:Extreme_weather|tepo loapi]] tse di diragalang kgapetsakgapetsa tse di jaaka [[:en:Drought|komelelo]], [[:en:Flood|merwalela]], le [[:en:Sea_surface_temperature|megote e e tlhatlogang ya boalogodimo jwa lewatle]] go ralala karolo e kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mantsi mo teng. Diphetogo tse di tshosetsa tshireletsego ya [[:en:Food_security|dijo]] le [[:en:Water_security|tshireletsego ya metsi]], [[:en:Biodiversity|mefutafuta ya ditshedi]], [[:en:Public_health|boitekanelo jwa setšhaba]], le [[:en:Economic_development|tlhabololo ya itsholelo]].<ref name=":0">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (22 June 2023). "Africa". ''[https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009325844/type/book Climate Change 2022 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]'' (1&#x20;ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp.&#x20;1285–1456. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/9781009325844.011|10.1017/9781009325844.011]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-009-32584-4|978-1-009-32584-4]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>United Nations, UNEP (2017). "[http://www.unep.org/regions/africa/regional-initiatives/responding-climate-change Responding to climate change]". ''UNEP – UN Environment Programme''. Retrieved 1 July 2022.</ref> Aforika gone jaana e thuthafala ka bonako go feta lefatshe lotlhe ka palogare.<ref>World Meterological Organization (2 September 2024). [https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/africa-faces-disproportionate-burden-from-climate-change-and-adaptation-costs "Africa faces disproportionate burden from climate change and adaptation costs]". ''World Meteorological Organization''. Retrieved 16 September 2025.</ref> Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e gakatsa matshosetsi a a leng teng a loago le itsholelo. Dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa baagi ba Aforika di ikaegile ka matshelo a a bosisi mo seemong sa bosa jaaka temothuo (karolo ya masome a matlhano le botlhano go ya kwa masome a marataro le bobedi mo lekgolong ya badiri mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara)<ref>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (22 June 2023). "Africa". ''[https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009325844/type/book Climate Change 2022 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]'' (1&#x20;ed.). Cambridge University Press. p.&#x20;1289. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/9781009325844.011|10.1017/9781009325844.011]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-009-32584-4|978-1-009-32584-4]]</bdi>.</ref> mme di setse di tshela mo lehumeng, se se oketsang go tlhagelela ga bona mo ditshosong. Ditlamorago tsa botsogo di nna maswe le go feta fa [[:en:Hyperthermia|kgatelelo ya mogote]], [[:en:Disease_vector|malwetse a a tshelanwang ke dibopiwa tse di ananmisang bolwetse]] (a a tshwanang le [[:en:Malaria|malaria]] le [[:en:Dengue_fever|dengue]]), le letlhoko la dikotla di ntse di anama thata. Go feta sephatlo e leng karolong ya masome a matlhano le borataro mo lekgolong (56%) ya ditiragalo tse di fetang dikete tse pedi tse di kwadilweng tsa boitekanelo jwa setšhaba mo Aforika magareng ga ngwaga wa 2001 le ngwaga wa 2021 di ne di amana le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref>Africa CDC (7 July 2025). ''[https://africacdc.org/download/climate-change-and-health-strategic-framework-2025/ Climate Change and Health: Strategic Framework 2025]''. p.&#x20;vii.</ref> [[:en:Resource_depletion|Tlhaelo ya didirisiwa]] e na le seabe mo go fudugeng le dikgotlhang, bogolosegolo mo dikgaolong tse di bokoa. Mafelo a ditoropo, a gantsi a tlhaolwang ke mafelo a bonno a a sa tlhomamang, a lebane le dikotsi tse di kwa godimo tsa morwalela le mogote o o feteletseng.<ref name=":0" /> Temothuo ke nngwe ya makalana a a mo kotsing thata, ka bontsi jwa balemirui ba Aforika ba ikaegile ka dijalo tse di [[:en:Rainfed_agriculture|nosetswang ke pula]]. Pula e e fokoditsweng le e e sa bonelwang pele, e kopantswe le megote e e kwa godimo, e kgweetsa tatlhegelo ya bongola jwa mmu, [[:en:Desertification_in_Africa|go nna sekaka]] (bogolosegolo kwa [[:en:Sahara|Sahara]]) le go sutisa mafelo a a tshwanetseng a go gola. Diphetogo tse di fokotsa thobo ya dijalo tsa konokono, di nyatsa tshireletsego ya dijo le go gakatsa tlala. Boitekanelo jwa [[:en:Livestock|leruo]] bo ntse bo tsenngwa mo kotsing thata ke kgatelelo ya mogote le go fetoga ga mekgwa ya malwetse. Dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tsa lebopo le tsa lewatle di lebane le mawatle a a thuthafetseng le [[:en:Sea_level_rise|maemo a a tlhatlogang]], se se tshosetsang batshwaraditlhapi le mafelo a a nang le batho ba le bantsi a a mo lebopong.<ref>Fonjong, Lotsmart; Matose, Frank; Sonnenfeld, David A. (1 December 2024). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095937802400116X "Climate change in Africa: Impacts, adaptation, and policy responses"]. ''Global Environmental Change''. '''89''' 102912. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024GEC....8902912F 2024GEC....8902912F]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102912|10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102912]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-3780 0959-3780].</ref> Ditshenyegelo tsa itsholelo tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa di maswe thata. Ka palogare mafatshe a Aforika a lebane le ditatlhegelo tse di amanang le seemo sa bosa tse di fitlhang ko karolong ya bobedi go ya kwa botlhanong mo lekgolong ya [[:en:Gross_domestic_product|Palogotlhe ya Boleng jwa Ditlhagiso tsa Naga(GDP)]] ka ngwaga, fa ditshenyegelo tsa go [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|tlwaela]] mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahran di akanyediwa go nna didikadike tsa di dilara tsa lefatshe la USA di le masome a mararo go yab kwa masomemg a matlhano (USD 30-50 billion) ka ngwaga mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di tlang. Se se tshosetsa dipoelo tsa tlhabololo le go baya kgatelelo mo dipusong le mo ditheong tsa boditšhabatšhaba go kokoanya [[:en:Climate_finance|matlole a seemo sa bosa]].<ref>World Meteorological Organization (2024). ''[https://uneca.org/sites/default/files/ACPC/publication/State-of-the-Climate-in-Africa-2023_en.pdf State of the Climate in Africa: 2023]'' (PDF). Geneva. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-63-11360-3|978-92-63-11360-3]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>European Investment Bank (19 October 2022). ''[https://www.eib.org/en/publications/finance-in-africa-navigating-the-financial-landscape-in-turbulent-times Finance in Africa - Navigating the financial landscape in turbulent times]''. European Investment Bank. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-861-5382-2|978-92-861-5382-2]]</bdi>.</ref> Maano a Aforika a go itlwaetsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa a tsepamisitse mogopolo mo go ageng nonofo ka [[:en:Climate-smart_agriculture|temothuo e e botlhale mo]] [[:en:Climate-smart_agriculture|seemong sa bosa]] , [[:en:Water_management|taolo ya metsi]] e e tswelelang, [[:en:Environmental_protection|tshomarelo ya tikologo]], le go matlafatsa dithulaganyo tsa boitekanelo le tsa mafaratlhatlha. Mekgwa e e baya kwa pele go tokafatsa puso, go kokoanya matlole le dipeeletso tsa seemo sa bosa, le go rotloetsa go tsaya karolo ga baagi go samagana le go nna mo kotsing ka botlalo.<ref>Tadesse, Debay (1 December 2010). [https://issafrica.org/research/papers/the-impact-of-climate-change-in-africa "The impact of climate change in Africa"]. ''ISS Africa''. Retrieved 16 September 2025.</ref><ref>Badji, Arfang; Ibanda, Angele; Akello, Sarah; Ekwamu, Adipala (2022). [https://afjrdev.org/index.php/jos/article/view/410 "Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies in Africa: Selected case studies"]. ''African Journal of Rural Development''. '''7''' (3): 209–274. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2415-2838 2415-2838].</ref><ref>Ngongolo, Kelvin; Gayo, Leopody (21 May 2025). [[doi:10.3389/past.2025.14225|"Climate change impacts and mitigation strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa's livestock production sector. A brief review"]]. ''Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice''. '''15''' 14225. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025Pasto..1514225N :2025Pasto..1514225N.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3389/past.2025.14225|10.3389/past.2025.14225]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2041-7136 2041-7136].</ref>Matlhomeso a karolo kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mangwe le a bosetšhaba a gatelela kgokagano ya makalana a mantsi, kamogelo ya maranyane, le kago ya bokgoni go tshegetsa tlhabololo e e tswelelang le go fokotsa [[:en:Climate_risk|dikotsi tsa seemo sa bosa]].<ref>African Union (28 June 2022). [https://au.int/en/documents/20220628/african-union-climate-change-and-resilient-development-strategy-and-action-plan ''African Union Climate Change and Resilient Development Strategy and Action Plan (2022-2032)''.] African Union.</ref> == Pabalesego ya metsi le go senyega ga metswedi == [[Setshwantsho:View of the surrounding at the Lake Kariba with hippos (6910358407).jpg|thumb|Lekadiba la Kariba]] Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e dira jaaka selo se segolo se se sa tlhomamang ga tshireletsego ya metsi go ralala karolo kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mantsi ya Aforika, ka ditikologo tsa metsi tse di bontshang go sa tlhomama go go oketsegileng. Go ya ka pegelo ya Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Maemo a Bosa (WMO) ya ''Seemo sa'' ''sa bosa mo Aforika ya ngwaga wa 2025'', maemo a bosa a a feteletseng le ditshupo tse di amanang le seemo sa bosa di amile bonnye jwa batho ba le didkadike di le lesome le boraro mme tsa baka dintsho tse di fetang dikete tse tharo tse di begilweng ka ngwaga wa 2025 fela, mme merwalela e ne ya dira go feta sephatlo sa seemo sa bosa sotlhe se se diphatsa.<ref name=":9">"[https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/extreme-weather-and-climate-events-impact-millions-africa-2025 Extreme weather and climate events impact millions in Africa in 2025]". World Meteorological Organization. 18 June 2026. Retrieved 19 June 2026.</ref>. Go gakala mo ga dikotsi go kgoreletsa go nna teng ga metsi a a fa godimo ga lefatshe le mafaratlhatlha a dikago, go fetola dikotsi tsa seemo sa bosa go nna mathata a metsi a itsholelo a a anameng.<ref>"[https://reliefweb.int/report/world/state-climate-africa-2025-enar State of the Climate in Africa 2025 &#x5B;EN/AR]&#x5D;". World Meteorological Organization via ReliefWeb. 18 June 2026. Retrieved 19 June 2026.</ref> === Diphoso tse dikgolo tsa letamo le motlhamo wa motlakase === Go nna mo kotsing ga dithulaganyo tse dikgolo tsa polokelo ya metsi mo dipharologanong tsa mogote tse di tsayang nako e telele go ne ga bontshiwa ka nako ya komelelo ya kgaolo ya ngwaga wa 2023 go ya kwa ngwageng ya 2025 kwa Borwa jwa Aforika, e e neng ya tlhaolwa jaaka komelelo e e maswe go gaisa e e amileng kgaolo mo dingwageng di feta lekgolo.<ref>[https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/mozambique/southern-africa-el-nino-regional-humanitarian-overview-september-2024 Southern Africa: El Niño Regional Humanitarian Overview] (Report). UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). 20 September 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2026.</ref> E tlhotlhelediwa ke legato le le tseneletseng la El Niño le diphetogo tse di siameng tsa Dipole tsa Lewatle la India, ditlhaelo tsa pula di ne tsa baka go wela tlase ga ditso ga selekanyo sa metsi a Letsha la Kariba, letamo le legolo go gaisa mo Aforika le le dirilweng ke batho ka bogolo jo bo ka tsayang metsi .<ref>[https://wmo.int/resources/publication-series/state-of-climate-africa/state-of-climate-africa-2025 "State of the Climate in Africa 2025 Interactive]". World Meteorological Organization. 18 June 2026. Retrieved 19 June 2026.</ref> Go fokotsega ga bogolo jo bo ka tsayang metsi ya polokelo e e tshelang ya letamo go dirile gore ditlhomo tsa motlakase o o amanang le metsi di se ka tsa kgona go dira, ga pateletsa go kgaoga ga motlakase ka nako e telele le go abelwa metsi a a phepa go ralala mafatshe a Zambia le Zimbabwe, mme ga felela ka dikgoeletso tsa bosetšhaba tsa masetlapelo a komelelo go ralala ditšhaba di le thataro, go akaretsa Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi le Namibia.<ref>[https://reliefweb.int/report/angola/drought-southern-africa-angola-botswana-lesotho-malawi-mozambique-namibia-zambia-zimbabwe-public-health-situation-analysis-phsa-14-october-2024 Drought in Southern Africa: Public Health Situation Analysis] (Report). World Health Organization. 14 October 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2026.</ref> === Kgotlelego ya mafaratlhatlha le sediba se se kgabaganyang melelwane === Go farologana le seo, go akofisa ga ditiragalo tsa pula e e feteletseng go tshoseditse ka go lekana phitlhelelo ya metsi a a phepa. Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa 2025, morwalela o o sa tshwanelang le o o bokete wa tshoganyetso kwa Nigeria o ne wa baka dintsho di feta makgolo a mabedi le go fekeetsa mafaratlhatlha a metsi a mmasepala a selegae, mme se sa baka go tlhakana ka tlhamalalo ga metsi a a elelang le mokgatšha wa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe mo lefelong la ditoropo o o seng ko teng le dithulaganyo tsa diphaephe tsa mmasepala.<ref>[https://wmo.int/resources/publication-series/state-of-climate-africa/state-of-climate-africa-2025 "State of the Climate in Africa 2025]". World Meteorological Organization. 18 June 2026. Retrieved 19 June 2026.</ref> Mo dibeiseneng tse di kgabaganyang melelwane jaaka kgaolo ya Letsha la Chad, thuthafalo e e tswelelang le diphetogo tsa pula e e sa tlhomamang thata di tswelela go fetola bogolo jo bo ka tsayang metsi tsa paka. Dikgobalo tse di tlholang mo lefelong le le leng teng la boalogodimo di nyatsa ka tlhamalalo motheo wa didirisiwa tsa batho ba feta didikadike di le masome a mararo go ralala Nigeria, Niger, Chad, le Cameroon, go bontsha ka fao go sa sireletsega ga metsi mo go bakiwang ke seemo sa bosa go ka dirang jaaka setlhotlheletsi sa tsitsipano ya lefatshe le sepolotiki le go fuduga ka pateletso.<ref name=":9" /> == Mesi ya digase tse di tshwarang mogote mo loaping == ''Tshedimosetso e e oketsegileng: [[:en:Climate_change_in_South_Africa#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_South_Africa#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|seemo sa bosa mo Aforika Borwa § Mesi ya digase tsa tse di tshwarang mogote mo loaping]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_Kenya#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Kenya#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|seemo sa bosa kwa Kenya § Mesi ya digase tse di tshwarang mogote mo loaping]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_Nigeria#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Nigeria#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|seemo sa bosa kwa Nigeria § Mesi ya digase tse di tshwarang mogote mo loaping]], le [[:en:Climate_change_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|seemo sa bosa kwa Botlhabagare le Aforika Bokone § Mesi ya digase tse di tshwarang mogote mo loaping]]'' Mesi ya digase tse di tshwarang mogote mo loaping tsa Aforika ka motho mongwe le mongwe e kwa tlase fa e bapisiwa le karolokgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mantsi mo teng e mengwe.<ref>[https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/outreach/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FactSheet_Africa.pdf "Fact sheet - Africa]" (PDF). Retrieved 4 August 2024.</ref> Mesi e e tswang mo phetogong ya tiriso ya lefatshe ga e tlhomame, bogolosegolo mo [[:en:Central_Africa|Bogare jwa Aforika]] .<ref name=":36">Mostefaoui, Mounia; Ciais, Philippe; McGrath, Matthew J.; Peylin, Philippe; Patra, Prabir K.; Ernst, Yolandi (11 January 2024). [https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/245/2024/ "Greenhouse gas emissions and their trends over the last 3 decades across Africa"]. ''Earth System Science Data''. '''16''' (1): 245–275. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024ESSD...16..245M 2024ESSD...16..245M]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5194/essd-16-245-2024|10.5194/essd-16-245-2024]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1866-3516 1866-3516].</ref> Motswedi o mogolo wa go sa tlhomamang o tswa mo diphetogong tsa ghese ya carbon dioxide mo lekalaneng la [[:en:LULUCF|LULUCF]] (khutshwafatso e e emetse tiriso ya lefatshe, [[:en:Land-use_change|phetogo ya tiriso ya lefatshe]], le dikgwa).<ref name=":36" /> == Ditlamorago == === Selekanyo sa mogote le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa === [[Setshwantsho:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 Africa 1991–2020.svg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Aforika wa go tlhaola seemo sa bosa sa Köppen ka ngwaga wa 1991 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2020]] [[Setshwantsho:Koppen-Geiger Map Africa future.svg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa mahatshe a Africa ka dingwaga tsa 2071 go ya kwa 2100 ka fa tlase ga boemo [[:en:Representative_Concentration_Pathway|jo bo tseneletseng thata jwa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa]]. Ditiragalo tsa maemo a a fa gare ga jaanong jaana di tsewa di le kgonagalo e ntsi<ref>Hausfather, Zeke; Peters, Glen (29 January 2020). [[doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3|"Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading]]". ''Nature''. '''577''' (7792): 618–20. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020Natur.577..618H 2020Natur.577..618H.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3|10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31996825 31996825].</ref><ref>Schuur, Edward A.G.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Commane, Roisin; Ernakovich, Jessica; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Hugelius, Gustaf; Grosse, Guido; Jones, Miriam; Koven, Charlie; Leshyk, Victor; Lawrence, David; Loranty, Michael M.; Mauritz, Marguerite; Olefeldt, David; Natali, Susan; Rodenhizer, Heidi; Salmon, Verity; Schädel, Christina; Strauss, Jens; Treat, Claire; Turetsky, Merritt (2022). "[[doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847|Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic"]]. ''Annual Review of Environment and Resources''. '''47''': 343–371. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022ARER...47..343S 2022ARER...47..343S.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847|10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847]]. <q>Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3°C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement...</q></ref><ref>Phiddian, Ellen (5 April 2022). "[https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ Explainer: IPCC Scenarios]". ''[[:en:Cosmos_(magazine)|Cosmos]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230920224129/https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ Archived] from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023. <q>"The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[:en:The_Australian_Academy_of_Science|The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3°C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[:en:Climate_Action_Tracker|Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9°C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1°C.</q></ref>]] Go etswe tlhoko fa [[:en:Instrumental_temperature_record|mogote wa moalo wa lefatshe]] ka kakaretsoo ile kwa godimo mo Aforika kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe go ya kwa tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi le bongwe ka bokana jwa mogote wa Celcius e le nngwe (1 °C), mme mo gae mogote oo kwa tlase kwa Sahel fa paka e e omeletseng e fela e leselekanyo sa mogote sa Celcius e le boraro (3 °C).<ref name=":3">''Rural societies in the face of climatic and environmental changes in West Africa''. Marseille: IRD éditions. 2017. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-7099-2424-5|<bdi>978-2-7099-2424-5</bdi>.]] [[:en:OCLC#OCLC|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/title/1034784045 1034784045]. Impr. Jouve.</ref>Go thuthafala ga Aforika go oketsegile ka lefela ntlha tharo ya selekanyo sa mogote sa Celcius (+0.3 C) go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1991 go ya ko ngwageng wa 2021 fa go bapisiwa le koketsego ya lefela ntlha pedi (+0.2) ka nako ya ngwaga wa 1961 go ya ko ngwageng wa 1910. Go fophakanyediwa olediwa gore ka ngwaga wa 2030, batho ba Aforika ba tla bo ba le mo kotsing ya go tlhatloga ga bogodimo jwa lewatle ka ntlha ya go tlhatloga ga mogote. Se se tla dira gore go [[:en:Agricultural_productivity|ntsha dikungo ga temothuo]] go fokotsege.<ref>Engel, Ulf (2024). Engel, Ulf (ed.). ''Yearbook on the African Union Volume 3 (2022)''. Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar: Brill. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-90-04-68308-2|<bdi>978-90-04-68308-2</bdi>.]]</ref> Diphetogo tsa pula tse di lemogilweng di supa dipharologano tsa sebaka le tsa nako jaaka go solofetswe.<ref name=":10">Collins, Jennifer M. (15 July 2011). [[doi:10.1175/2011JCLI3753.1|"Temperature Variability over Africa]]". ''Journal of Climate''. '''24''' (14): 3649–3666. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JCli...24.3649C 2011JCli...24.3649C]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/2011JCLI3753.1|10.1175/2011JCLI3753.1]].</ref><ref>Niang, I.; O. C. Ruppel; M. A. Abdrabo; A. Essel; C. Lennard; J. Padgham, and P. Urquhart, 2014: Africa. In: ''Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability''. Part B: Regional Aspects. [https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [Barros, V. R.; C. B. Field; D. J. Dokken et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1199–1265.</ref> Diphetogo tse di lemogilweng mo megoteng le [[:en:Precipitation|pula]] di farologana go ya ka dikgaolo.<ref>Conway, Declan; Persechino, Aurelie; Ardoin-Bardin, Sandra; Hamandawana, Hamisai; Dieulin, Claudine; Mahé, Gil (February 2009). [[doi:10.1175/2008JHM1004.1|"Rainfall and Water Resources Variability in Sub-Saharan Africa during the Twentieth Century"]]. ''Journal of Hydrometeorology''. '''10''' (1): 41–59. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JHyMe..10...41C 2009JHyMe..10...41C.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/2008JHM1004.1|10.1175/2008JHM1004.1]].</ref><ref name=":10" /> Dikai tsa ga jaana tsa seemo sa bosa (jaaka di sobokantswe mo [[:en:IPCC_Sixth_Assessment_Report|Pegelong ya Tshekatsheko ya Borataro ya IPCC]]) di bonelapele koketsego ya makgetlo le maatla a ditiragalo tsa komelelo le pula e e maatla.<ref name=":4">Armstrong, Andrew; Dyer, Ellen; Koehler, Johanna; Hope, Rob (2022). [[doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102592|"Intra-seasonal rainfall and piped water revenue variability in rural Africa".]] Global Environmental Change. 76 102592. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022GEC....7602592A 2022GEC....7602592A]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102592|10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102592.]]  Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Gape di bonelapele phokotsego ya pula e e magareng mo e ka nnang gongwe le gongwe mo Aforika, ka tshepo e e magareng go ya go e e kwa godimo. Le fa go ntse jalo, diphetogo tsa pula ya selegae le ditirisano tsa loago le seemo sa bosa di ka bonala ka mekgwa e e tlhakaneng. Ka jalo, ditlamorago tse di kopanang tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa di tla farologana go ralala karolo e kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a a mantsi mo teng. Mo metseng ya selegae, mekgwa ya pula e tlhotlheletsa tiriso ya metsi.<ref name=":4" /> [[Setshwantsho:Koppen-Geiger Map Africa future.svg|thumb|Setshwantso sa karolo kgolo ya Lefatshe ye naleng mafatshe ya Africa ya dingwaga tsa 2071 go ya kwa 2100 ka fa tlase ga boemo jo bo tseneletseng thata jwa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa . Ditiragalo tsa magareng ga jaana di tsewa di ka nna teng.]] Ditlhotlhomiso tse di dirilweng ka ngwaga wa 2019 di akanyeditse fa paka ya komelelo e tla tsaya lobaka ka nako ya dipula mme gape go nne le dipula tse di matsorotsoro mo Aforika.<ref name=":1">Kendon, Elizabeth J.; Stratton, Rachel A.; Tucker, Simon; Marsham, John H.; Berthou, Ségolène; Rowell, David P.; Senior, Catherine A. (2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6478940/ "Enhanced future changes in wet and dry extremes over Africa at convection-permitting scale"]. ''Nature Communications''. '''10''' (1): 1794. [[bibcode:2019NatCo..10.1794K|Bibcode]]:[[bibcode:2019NatCo..10.1794K|2019NatCo..10.1794K.]] [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-09776-9 10.1038/s41467-019-09776-9.] [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:2041-1723 2041-1723]. [[:en:PubMed_Central#PMCID|PMC]][https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6478940/ &nbsp;6478940]. [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31015416/ 31015416.]</ref> Ka mafoko a mangwe "maemo a a feteletseng a bosa a tla gakalela pele".<ref name=":2">"[https://weather.com/news/climate/news/2019-06-18-africa-extreme-weather-drought-flood More Extreme Weather in Africa's Future, Study Says | The Weather Channel – Articles from The Weather Channel | weather.com"]. ''The Weather Channel''. Retrieved 1 July 2022.</ref> Patlisiso e fitlhetse gore bontsi jwa [[:en:Climate_model|dikai tsa seemo sa bosa]] ga di kitla di kgona go bona selekanyo sa diphetogo tseno ka gonne ga di letlelele [[:en:Atmospheric_convection|phetogo]] ya mowa mo dilekanong tsa tsone tse di makgwakgwa.<ref name=":1" /> === Go tlhatloga ga bogodimo jwa lewatle === ''Bona gape : [[:en:Floods_in_Africa|Merwalela mo Aforika]]'' [[Setshwantsho:Dar es Salaam (Aerial).jpg|thumb|Pono e e bonwang kwa godimo ya motsemogolo wa lefatshe la Tanzania, e leng Dar es Salaam.]] Mo [[:en:Africa|Aforika]], [[:en:Population_growth|kgolo ya batho]] mo isagong e oketsa dikotsi tse di bakiwang ke go tlhatloga ga bogodimo jwa lewatle. Batho ba ka nna didikadike di le masome a matlhano le bone ntlha pedi ba ne ba nna mo dikgaolong tsa lebopo tse di kwa tlase tse di tlhagelelang thata (LECZ) ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000. Palo e e tla menagana gabedi go fitlha go batho ba ka nna didikadike di le lekgolo le lesome ka dingwaga tsa bo 2030. Ka ngwaga wa 2060 e tla bo e le batho ba ka nna didikadike di le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le botlhano go ya go ko makgolong a mabedi le boraro, go ikaegile ka selekanyo sa kgolo ya baagi. Palogare ya tlhatlogo ya bogodimo jwa lewatle jwa kgaolo e tla nna mo tikologong ya selekanyo sa boleele jwa di centimetara di le masome a mabedi le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2060. Ka nako eo ditiragalo tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ga di kitla di dira pharologanyo e ntsi. Mme thutafatshe ya selegae le diphetogo tsa baagi di dirisana go oketsa go tlhagelela mo dikotsing tse di jaaka merwalela ya dingwaga di le lekgolo ka tsela e e raraaneng.<ref name=":5">Trisos, C. H., I. O. Adelekan, E. Totin, A. Ayanlade, J. Efitre, A. Gemeda, K. Kalaba, C. Lennard, C. Masao, Y. Mgaya, G. Ngaruiya, D. Olago, N. P. Simpson, and S. Zakieldeen 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter09.pdf Chapter 9: Africa]. In Climate [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, New York, US, pp. 2043–2121 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.011.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Abidjan des Lagune.jpg|thumb|Abidjan, e leng toropo e e nonofileng thata ya ikonomi ya Ivory Coast]] {| class="wikitable" |+Dipalopalo tsa batho mo dipoeng tsa merwalela tsa dingwaga di le 100.<ref name=":5" /> !Lefatshe !2000 !2030 !2060 !Kgolo go ya ngwaga wa 2000 goya kwa ngwageng wa 2060 |- |Egypt |7.4 |13.8 |20.7 |0.28 |- |Nigeria |0.1 |0.3 |0.9 |0.84 |- |Senegal |0.4 |1.1 |2.7 |0.76 |- |Benin |0.1 |0.6 |1.6 |1.12 |- |Tanzania |0.2 |0.9 |4.3 |2.3 |- |Somalia |0.2 |0.6 |2.7 |1.7 |- |Cote d'Ivoire |0.1 |0.3 |0.7 |0.65 |- |Mozambique |0.7 |1.4 |2.5 |0.36 |} # Mo didikadikeng tsa batho. Kholomo ya bobedi le ya boraro di akaretsa bobedi ditlamorago tsa kgolo ya baagi le bogolo jo bo oketsegileng jwa dipoa tsa morwalela ka nako eo. # Koketsego ya baagi ba lefelo le boemo jo bo kwa godimo jo bo utlwalang jwa kgolo ya baagi. [[Setshwantsho:ANKOMAH 20221122-009.jpg|thumb|Monna mongwe o lebile kwa ntle kwa lotshitshing lwa lewatle a le mo kagong e e sentsweng ke makhubu a a kwa godimo kwa [[:en:Chorkor|Chorkor]], e leng torotswana ya [[:en:Accra|Accra]]. Morwalela wa letsatsi le letsatsi o o bakiwang ke go tlhatloga ga bogodimo jwa lewatle, o oketsa [[:en:Coastal_erosion|kgogolego ya mabopo]] e e senyang matlo, mafaratlhatlha le dithulaganyo tsa tlholego tsa tikologo. Baagi ba le mmalwa kwa Coastal Ghana ba setse ba itemogela go fetoga ga makhubu a lewatle.]] Mo pakeng e e gaufi, go lebeletswe gore go fuduga mo gogolo go tla diragala mo kgaolong ya [[:en:East_Africa|Botlhaba jwa Aforika]] . Bonnye jwa batho ba le dikete tse makgolo a supa le botlhano koo go ka direga gore ba fudusiwe go tswa kwa mabopong magareng ga dingwaga tsa 2020 le 2050. Dithutopatlisiso tsa saense di akanyeditse gore ditoropo tse dikgolo di le lesome le bobedi tsa Aforika di tla tshegetsa tshenyo e e kokoantsweng ya didikadike tsa dilora tsa USA di le masome a marataro le botlhano ka ntlha ya boemo jwa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa jo bo "magareng" jwa [[:en:Representative_Concentration_Pathway|RCP4.5]] ka ngwaga wa 2050. Ditoropo tse Abidjan, Alexandria, Algiers, Cape Town, Casablanca, Dakar, Dar es Salaam, Durban, Lagos, Lomé, Luanda le Maputo. Ka fa tlase ga boemo jwa go ntsha mesi e e kwa godimo jwa RCP8.5 tshenyo e tla fitlha didikadike tsa di dolara tsa lefatshe la USA di le masome a borobabobedi le boratatro ntlha tlhano. Mofuta wa boemo jwa go ntsha mesi e e kwa godimo jo bo nang le ditlamorago tse dingwe go tswa mo go sa tlhomamang ga aese e e kwa godimo go tla akaretsa ditshenyegelo tse di ka fitlhang go didikadike tsa di dolara tsa lefatshe la USA di le lekgolo le masome a mararo le bosupa ntlha tlhano. Tshenyo e e tswang mo ditiragalong tse tharo tse di ikarabelang mo godimo ga "ditiragalo tse di nang le kgonagalo e e kwa tlase, tse di nang le tshenyo e e kwa godimo" e tla tlhatlogela kwa go didikadikeng tsa di dolara di le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le bosupa, tse makgolo a mabei le borataro le makgolo a mararo le masome a a borobabongwe le bosupa ka go latelana.<ref name=":5" /> Mo dikakanyetsong tse, motsemogolo wa Egepeto wa Alexandria o le nosi o dira mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa palo e.<ref name=":5" /> Batho ba le diketekete tse di makgolokgolo mo mafelong a yone a a kwa tlase ba ka tswa ba setse ba tlhoka go fuduga mo dingwageng tse di lesome tse di tlang.<ref>Michaelson, Ruth (25 August 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/aug/29/alexandria-little-venice-egypt-climate-change-frontline "Houses claimed by the canal: life on Egypt's climate change frontline"]. [[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]. Retrieved 30 August 2018.</ref> Go ralala Aforika o o kwa [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|borwa jwa Sahara]] ka kakaretso, tshenyo e e bakiwang ke go tlhatloga ga bogodimo jwa lewatle e ka fitlha karolo ya bobedi go ya kwa boneng mo lekgolong ya GDP ka ngwaga wa 2050. Le fa go ntse jalo palo e e ikaegile ka selekanyo sa [[:en:Economic_growth|kgolo ya itsholelo]] ya isago le [[:en:Adaptation|go tlwaela]].<ref name=":5" /> [[Setshwantsho:Leptis Magna amphitheatre - panoramio.jpg|left|thumb|Masalela a [[:en:Amphitheater|lefelo la bobogelo]] la Leptis Magna, mme lewatle le bonala kwa morago]] Mo pakeng e telele, Egepeto, Mozambique le Tanzania di ka nna le palo e kgolo ya batho ba ba amiwang ke morwalela wa ngwaga le ngwaga mo dinageng tsotlhe tsa Aforika. Tekanyetso e e tsaya gore thuthafalo ya lefatshe e tla fitlha selekanyo sa mogote wa Celcius tse nne (4 °C) kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la dingwaga. Tlhatlhogo eo e amana le boemo jwa RCP8.5. Ka fa tlase ga RCP8.5, mafelo a botlhokwa a setso a le lesome a ne a tla bo a le mo kotsing ya morwalela le kgogolego kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo. Tsena ke [[:en:Casbah_of_Algiers|Casbah ya Algiers]], [[:en:Carthage#Archaeological_site|Lefelo la Boepi la Carthage]], [[:en:Kerkouane|Kerkouane]], Leptis Magna Lefelo la Boepi, Medina wa Sousse, Medina wa Tunis, Lefelo la Boepi la Sabratha, Setlhaketlhake sa Robben, Setlhaketlhake sa Saint-Louis le Tipasa. Palogotlhe ya lesome le botlhano a [[:en:Ramsar_site|mafelo a Ramsar]] le mafelo a mangwe a boswa jwa tlholego a ne a tla lebana le dikotsi tse di tshwanang. Tseno ke [[:en:Bao_Bolong_Wetland_Reserve|Lefelo la Polokelo ya Lefelo le le Metsi la Bao Bolong]][[:en:Delta_du_Saloum_National_Park|,Lefelo la Bosetšhaba ya Delta du Saloum]], [[:en:Diawling_National_Park|Lefelo la Bosetšhaba ya Diawling]], Kolofo ya Boughrara, Kalissaye, Letsha la Lewatle le Lefelo la Mejerda, [[:en:Marromeu_Game_Reserve|Lefelo la Tshireletso ya Diphologolo tsa Marromeu]], Lefelo la Tshireletso ya Diphologolo tsa Diphologolo tsa Marromeu, Lefelo la Tshireletso la Tlhago la Ditlhare tsa Mangrove le Lefelo la Polokelo ya Diphologolo tsa Seal, Essed, Sebkhet Soliman, Lefelo la Tlhago la Kgatlhego ya Setšhaba la Somone, [[:en:Songhor_Lagoon|Lefelo la Tlhago la Ditshedi la Songor]], [[:en:Tanbi_Wetland_Complex|Lefelo]] [[:en:Tanbi_Wetland_Complex|le le dikago tse dintsi la Metsi la Tanbi]] le [[:en:Watamu_Marine_National_Park|Lefelo la Bosetšhaba ya Lewatle ya Watamu]].<ref name=":5" /> == Ditlamorago tsa loago le itsholelo == [[Setshwantsho:Access to wood and water appears to be severely impacted by climate change in Kenya and Cameroon.png|thumb|Dipholo tsa patlisiso go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2022 di bontsha gore go bonala dikgong le metsi go amiwa thata ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa kwa Kenya le kwa Cameroon<ref>Bank, European Investment (5 June 2023). ''[https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230098-eib-climate-survey-africa-and-middle-east The EIB Climate Survey: Africa and the Middle East]''. European Investment Bank. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-861-5534-5|<bdi>978-92-861-5534-5</bdi>.]]</ref>]] [[:en:Climate_change|Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa]] e tla ama Aforika ka bontsi ka ntlha ya mabaka a le mantsi. Ditlamorago tse di setse di utlwiwa mme di tla oketsega ka bogolo fa go sa tsewe dikgato tsa go fokotsa mesi ya khabone mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Ditlamorago di akaretsa megote e e kwa godimo, komelelo, go fetoga ga mekgwa ya pula, le go fetoga fetoga mo go oketsegileng ga seemo sa bosa. Maemo a a na le tshusumetso mo go direng le go diriseng ga maatla. Komelelo ya sešweng mo [[:en:African_countries|mafatsheng a a mantsi a Aforika]], e e ntseng e golaganngwa le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, e amile ka tsela e e sa siamang bobedi jwa [[:en:Energy_security|tshireletsego ya maatla]] le kgolo ya itsholelo go ralala karolo e kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mantsi mo teng. Aforika e tla nna nngwe ya dikgaolo tse di amiwang thata ke ditlamorago tse di sa siamang tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref name=":37">''[https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf Africa. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]'' (PDF). 2014.</ref> Mabaka a go nna mo kotsing ga Aforika a farologane mme a akaretsa maemo a a kwa tlase a bokgoni jwa go tlwaela, go anamisiwa mo go bokoa ga maranyane, le tshedimosetso e e maleba go tshegetsa go tlwaela, le go ikaega thata ka dithulaganyo tsa temothuo go bona matshelo.<ref>Welborn, Lily (2018). ''Africa and climate change: Projecting vulnerability and adaptive capacity''. Institute for Security Studies.</ref> Mafatshe a le mantsi go ralala Aforika a tlhaolwa jaaka [[:en:Least_Developed_Countries|mafatshe a a sa Tlhabologang thata]] (LDCs) tse di nang le maemo a a bokoa a loago le itsholelo, mme ka ntlha ya se di lebagane le dikgwetlho tse di rileng mo go tsibogeleng ditlamorago tsa [[:en:Climate_change|phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.]]<ref>UNDP/GEF (2018). ''[https://www.thegef.org/sites/default/files/publications/CCA-Africa-Final.pdf Climate Change Adaptation in Africa UNDP: Synthesis of Experiences and Recommendations]'' (PDF). UNDP/GEF.</ref> Dikotsi tse di bonalang tse di supilweng mo Aforika mo [[:en:IPCC_Fifth_Assessment_Report|Pegelong ya Tlhatlhobo ya Botlhano]] ya [[:en:Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change|IPCC]] di amana le dithulaganyo tsa tikologo, [[:en:Water_resources|go nna teng ga metsi]], le dithulaganyo tsa temothuo, ka ditlamorago mo tshireletsegong ya dijo.<ref name=":37" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2022, batho ba feta sekete di le borataro ba ba arabileng go tswa kwa mafatsheng a le lesome aAforika ba ne ba tsaya karolo mo patlisisong ya seemo sa bosa se se neng sa dirwa ke [[:en:European_Investment_Bank|Banka ya Dipeeletso karolokgolo ya lefatshe se se naleng mafatshe a mantsi sa Europe]].<ref name=":6">"[https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/5th-climate-survey/africa.htm 2022-2023 EIB Climate Survey, part 1 of 2: 88% of respondents believe that climate change is already affecting their everyday life]". ''EIB.org''. Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref> Patlisiso e fitlhetse gore karolo ya masome a borobabobebdi le borobabobedi ya ba ba arabilweng ba boletse fa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e utlwisa matshelo a bone botlhoko, fa karolo ya masome a marataro le bongwe mo lekgolong ya ba ba arabilweng ba boletse fa [[:en:Environmental_degradation|tshenyo ya tikologo]] e amile lotseno lwa bone kgotsa motswedi wa matshelo a bone.<ref>[https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2022-554-eib-climate-survey-88-of-african-respondents-believe-that-climate-change-is-already-affecting-their-everyday-life "EIB Climate Survey: 88% of African respondents believe that climate change is already affecting their everyday life"]. ''European Investment Bank''. Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref> Ditatlhegelo tse gantsi di bakwa ke [[:en:Drought|komelelo]] e e tseneletseng, go oketsega ga bogodimo jwa lewatle kgotsa [[:en:Coastal_erosion|kgogolego ya mabopo]], kgotsa ditiragalo tse di feteletseng tsa maemo a bosa jaaka [[:en:Flood|merwalela]] kgotsa ditsuatsue.<ref name=":6" /> Go feta sephatlo sa batho ba ba arabilweng ba Aforika (karolo ya masome a matlhano le bosupa mo lekgolong) ba rile bone kgotsa batho ba ba ba itseng ba setse ba tsere dikgato tsa go tlwaela ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa. Gareng ga dikgato tse ke dipeeletso mo didirisweng tse di somarelang metsi go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa komelelo le go phepafatsa mesele ya metsi pele ga morwalela.<ref name=":6" /> Karolo ya masome a mararo le bone mo lekgolong ya batho botlhe ba ba arabilweng ba Aforika ba rile phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ke nngwe ya dintlha tse di botlhokwa thata tse di lebaganeng le lefatshe la bona, gareng ga dintlha tse dingwe tsa botlhokwa tse di jaaka [[:en:Inflation|koketsego]] ya ditlhwatlhwa le phitlhelelo ya [[:en:Health_care|tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo]].<ref name=":6" /> === Ditlamorago tsa itsholelo === Afrika e thuthafala ka bonako go feta lefatshe lotlhe ka palogare. Dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa karolokgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mantsi mo teng di ka nna tsa se ka tsa agiwa ka ntlha ya seo mme palogotlhe ya [[:en:Gross_domestic_product|dikumo tsa selegae tsa Aforika]] (GDP) e ka nna ya fokotsega ka karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong ka ntlha ya tlhatlogo ya selekanyo sa mogote wa Celcius e le nngwe (1 °C) ya mogote ya palogare ya lefatshe, le ka karolo ya lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong (12%) ka ntlha ya tlhatlogo ya selekanyo sa mogote wa karolo ya Celcius ya bone (4 °C) ya mogote. Dithobo tsa dijalo di solofetswe go fokotsega thata ka ntlha ya go tlhatloga ga mogote mme go solofetswe gore dipula tse di maatla di tla na kgapetsakgapetsa le ka maatla mo Aforika yotlhe, go oketsa kotsi ya merwalela.<ref name=":38">[[:en:Climate_change_in_Africa#CITEREFEuropean_Investment_Bank2022c|European Investment Bank 2022c]].</ref><ref>[https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/climate-change-triggers-mounting-food-insecurity-poverty-and-displacement-africa "Climate change triggers mounting food insecurity, poverty and displacement in Africa]". ''public.wmo.int''. 18 October 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2022.</ref><ref>"[https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/december-2018-march-2019/global-warming-severe-consequences-africa Global warming: severe consequences for Africa]". ''Africa Renewal''. 7 December 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2022.</ref><ref>[https://unfccc.int/news/climate-change-is-an-increasing-threat-to-africa "Climate Change Is an Increasing Threat to Africa]". ''United Nations Climate Change News''. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2022.</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, Aforika e latlhegelwa ke madi a a fa gare ga didolara di le didikadike di le supa le didolara di le didikaike di le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga ka ntlha ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, mme go lebeletswe gore e tla fitlha go didolara di le didikadike di le masome a matlhano ka ngwaga wa 2030.<ref>Rathi, Akshat; Rao, Mythili (2 May 2024). "[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-02/inside-the-bank-financing-africa-s-green-growth One Bank Is Turning Africa's Climate Vulnerability Into Opportunity]". ''www.bloomberg.com''. Retrieved 11 May 2024.</ref> ==== Temothuo ==== ''Pego e kgolo: [[:en:Effects_of_climate_change_on_agriculture#Africa|Ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo temothuong § Aforika]]'' Temothuo ke lekalana le le botlhokwa thata mo Aforika, le le nang le seabe mo matshelong le mo itsholelong go ralala karolo e kgolo ya Lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mantsi mo teng. Batho ba le bantsi ba ikaegile ka temothuo jaaka tsela ya go ikaga mo itsholelong le motswedi wa dijo. Ba le bantsi ba ikaegile ka metswedi e e bosisi mo seemong sa bosa. Go akanyediwa gore tiro ya dijalo e tlaa fokotsega go ralala Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara. Ka palogare, temothuo mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara e na le seabe sa karolo ya lesome le botlhano mo lekgolong ya GDP yotlhe.<ref name=":7">OECD/FAO (2016). ''[http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5778e.pdf OECD‑FAO Agricultural Outlook 2016‑2025]'' (PDF). OECD Publishing. pp.&#x20;59–61. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-64-25323-0|<bdi>978-92-64-25323-0</bdi>.]]</ref> Thutafatshe ya Aforika e dira gore e nne mo kotsing thata ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, mme karolo ya masome a supa mo lekgolong ya baagi ba ikaegile ka temothuo e e fepiwang ka pula go itshedisa.<ref>Läderach, Peter; Martinez-Valle, Armando; Bourgoin, Clement; Parker, Louis (27 March 2019). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6436735 Vulnerability of the agricultural sector to climate change: The development of a pan-tropical Climate Risk Vulnerability Assessment to inform sub-national decision making"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''14''' (3) e0213641. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019PLoSO..1413641P 2019PLoSO..1413641P.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213641|10.1371/journal.pone.0213641.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6436735 6436735]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30917146 30917146].</ref> [[:en:Smallholding|Dipolase tse dinnye]] di dira karolo ya masome a borobabobedi mo lekgolong ya masimo a a lengwang mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara.<ref name=":7" /> IPCC ka ngwaga wa 2007 e ne ya akanyetsa gore go fetoga ga seemo sa bosa le phetogo go tla tsenya ntshodikuno ya temothuo mo kotsing thata le phitlhelelo ya dijo<ref>Parry, M. L.; et&#x20;al., eds. (2007). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20181102223635/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/spmsspm-c.html Summary for Policymakers: C. Current knowledge about future impacts]". ''Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change''. Cambridge University Press. Archived from [http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/spmsspm-c.html the original] on 2 November 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</ref>:(tsebe ya lesome le boraro) Tekanyetso e e ne ya abelwa "tshepo e e kwa godimo". Dithulaganyo tsa dijalo, leruo le botshwaraditlhapi di tla nna mo kotsing e kgolo ya disenyi le malwetse ka ntlha ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ya isago.<ref name=":8">Dhanush, D.; Bett, B. K.; Boone, R. B.; Grace, D.; Kinyangi, J.; Lindahl, J. F.; Mohan, C. V.; Ramírez Villegas, J.; Robinson, T. P.; Rosenstock, T. S.; Smith, J. (2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230716201342/https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/55241/retrieve "Impact of climate change on African agriculture: focus on pests and diseases]". ''CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security''.</ref> Disenyi tsa dijalo di setse di dira mo e ka nnang bongwe mo borartarong ya ditatlhegelo tsa ntshodikuno ya polase.<ref name=":8" /> Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e tla itlhaganedisa go anama ga disenyi le malwetse le go oketsa go diragala ga ditiragalo tse di nang le ditlamorago tse di masisi.<ref name=":8" /> Ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa boswa mo ntshokunong ya temothuo mo Aforika di tla nna le ditlamorago tse di masisi mo tshireletsegong ya dijo le mo matshelong. Go tlhoka dikotla tse di farologaneng go ne ga baka go palelwa ke go ja dikotla dingwe tse di botlhokwa. Go tlhoka dikotla tse go ka baka tlhaelo ya vitamin A le madi. Se se ne se tlwaelegile thata go bonwa ka dinako tsa komelelo le tlhaelo ya dijo ka gonne ditlhopho di ne di le mmalwa.[citation needed] Magareng ga ngwaga wa 2014 le ngwaga wa 2018, Aforika e ne e na le maemo a a kwa godimo a go tlhoka tshireletsego ya dijo mo lefatsheng.<ref>''[http://www.fao.org/state-of-food-security-nutrition/en/ SOFI 2019 – The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World]''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2021. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4060/CB4474EN|10.4060/CB4474EN.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-5-134325-8|<bdi>978-92-5-134325-8</bdi>.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:241785130 241785130].</ref> Mabapi le dithulaganyo tsa temothuo, go ikaega thata ka temothuo ya go iphedisa e e fepiwang ke pula le kamogelo e e kwa tlase ya [[:en:Climate_smart_agriculture|mekgwa ya temothuo e e botlhale]] ya seemo sa bosa go na le seabe mo maemong a a kwa godimo a go nna mo kotsing ga lekalana. Seemo se okediwa ke go sa ikanyege ga, le phitlhelelo ya, tshedimosetso ya seemo sa bosa le tshedimosetso go tshegetsa dikgato tsa go tlwaela.<ref>Dinku, Tufa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221101070648/https://ictupdate.cta.int/en/article/overcoming-challenges-in-the-availability-and-use-of-climate-data-in-africa-sid06fd8a811-e179-4fa5-9c8f-806bd2f27c3e "Overcoming challenges in the availability and use of climate data in Africa]". ''ICT Update CTA''. Archived from [https://ictupdate.cta.int/en/article/overcoming-challenges-in-the-availability-and-use-of-climate-data-in-africa-sid06fd8a811-e179-4fa5-9c8f-806bd2f27c3e the original] on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</ref> Dikgoreletsi tse di lemogilweng le tse di akanyediwang mo mekgweng ya pula ka ntlha ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa di ka nna tsa khutshwafatsa dipaka tsa go gola le go ama thobo ya dijalo mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa Aforika. Go feta moo, lekalana la temothuo mo Aforika le laolwa ke balemi ba banyennyane ba nang le phihlello e lekanyeditsweng ya maranyane le mehlodi ya go tlwaela.<ref>"[https://www.cropscience.bayer.com/en/stories/2018/supporting-sub-saharan-africas-farmers-closing-the-gap Supporting Sub-Saharan Africa's Farmers – Bayer – Crop Science]". ''www.cropscience.bayer.com''. Retrieved 15 August 2019.</ref> Go fetogafetoga ga seemo sa bosa le phetogo e nnile mme go tswelela go nna motswedi o mogolo wa go fetogafetoga ga tlhagiso ya dijo ya lefatshe go ralala mafatshe a a tlhabologang kwa tlhagiso e ikaegileng thata ka pula.<ref>Thornton, Philip K; Ericksen, Polly J; Herrero, Mario; Challinor, Andrew J (November 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258067 "Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change: a review"]. ''Global Change Biology''. '''20''' (11): 3313–3328. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014GCBio..20.3313T 2014GCBio..20.3313T.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/gcb.12581|10.1111/gcb.12581.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258067 4258067]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24668802 24668802].</ref><ref>HU, Tongxi; Zhang, Xuesong; Khanal, Sami; Wilson, Robyn; Leng, Guoyong; Toman, Elizabeth; Wang, Xuhui; Zhao, Kaiguang (19 June 2024). "[https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/7/24705/files/2024/09/review-climate-impact-crop-yield-machine-learning.pdf Climate change impacts on crop yields: A review of empirical findings, statistical crop models, and machine learning methods"] (PDF). ''Environmental Modelling & Software''. '''179''' (106119) 106119. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024EnvMS.17906119H 2024EnvMS.17906119H]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106119|10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106119.]]</ref>Lekalana la temothuo le bosisi mo go fetogeng ga seemo sa bosa,<ref>Sabiiti, Geoffrey; Ininda, Joseph Mwalichi; [[:en:Ogallo_Laban|Ogallo, Laban]]; Opijah, Franklin; Nimusiima, Alex; Otieno, George; Ddumba, Saul Daniel; Nanteza, Jamiat; Basalirwa, Charles (2016). [https://jeas.agropublishers.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/JEAS-7-1.pdf "Nanteza and C. Basalirwa. 2016. Empirical relationship between banana yields and climate variability over Uganda"] (PDF). ''Journal of Environmental & Agricultural Sciences''. '''7''': 3–13.</ref> bogolosegolo go fetoga ga pula mo magareng ga dingwaga, mekgwa ya mogote, le ditiragalo tse di feteletseng tsa maemo a bosa (dikomelelo le merwalela). Ditiragalo tse tsa seemo sa bosa di bonelwa kwa pele go oketsega mo isagong mme di solofetswe go nna le ditlamorago tse di bonalang mo lephateng la temothuo.<ref name=":39">Sabiiti, Geoffrey; Ininda, Joseph Mwalichi; Ogallo, Laban Ayieko; Ouma, Jully; Artan, Guleid; Basalirwa, Charles; Opijah, Franklin; Nimusiima, Alex; Ddumba, Saul Daniel; Mwesigwa, Jasper Batureine; Otieno, George; Nanteza, Jamiat (2018). "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Suitability of Banana Crop Production to Future Climate Change over Uganda". ''Limits to Climate Change Adaptation''. Climate Change Management. pp.&#x20;175–190. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64599-5_10|10.1007/978-3-319-64599-5_10.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-319-64598-8|<bdi>978-3-319-64598-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Se se tla nna le tlhotlheletso e e sa siamang mo ditlhwatlhweng tsa dijo, pabalesego ya dijo, le ditshwetso tsa tiriso ya lefatshe.<ref>"A1 – 1 Sustainability, food security and climate change: three intertwined challenges". ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20190601030918/http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture-sourcebook/concept/module-a1-introducing-csa/chapter-a1-1/en Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook]''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 15 August 2019.</ref> Dithobo go tswa mo [[:en:Rainfed_agriculture|temothuong e e nosiwang ke pula]] mo mafatsheng a mangwe a Aforika di ka fokodiwa ka go fitlha karolong ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa 2020.<ref name=":39" /> Go thibela ditlamorago tse di senyang tsa isago tsa go fetoga ga seemo sa bosa mo tlhagisong ya dijo, go botlhokwa go baakanya kgotsa go tshitshinya melawana e e kgonegang go samagana le go fetoga ga seemo sa bosa mo go oketsegileng. Mafatshe a Aforika a tlhoka go aga letlhomeso la semolao la bosetšhaba go laola metswedi ya dijo go ya ka go fetogafetoga ga seemo sa bosa mo go solofetsweng. Le fa go ntse jalo, pele ga go tlhama melawana ya go samagana le ditlamorago tsa go fetoga ga seemo sa bosa, bogolosegolo mo lephateng la temothuo, go botlhokwa go nna le tlhaloganyo e e tlhamaletseng ya gore go fetoga ga seemo sa bosa go ama jang dijalo tse di farologaneng tsa dijo.<ref>Shah, Hassnain; Hellegers, Petra; Siderius, Christian (1 January 2021). [[doi:10.1016/j.crm.2021.100378|"Climate risk to agriculture: A synthesis to define different types of critical moments"]]. ''Climate Risk Management''. '''34''' 100378. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021CliRM..3400378S 2021CliRM..3400378S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.crm.2021.100378|10.1016/j.crm.2021.100378]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2212-0963 2212-0963].</ref> Se se maleba thata ka ngwaga wa 2020 ka ntlha ya tlhaselo e e masisi ya di [[:en:Locust|Tsie]] e e amang temothuo botlhaba jwa Aforika ka tsela e e sa siamang.<ref name=":40">Rosane, Olivia (27 January 2020). [https://www.ecowatch.com/locust-swarm-east-africa-2644928358.html "Worst Locust Swarm to Hit East Africa in Decades Linked to Climate Crisis"]. Ecowatch. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref> Tlhaselo e ne e amana le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa– mogote o o bothitho le pula e e bokete e e bakileng koketsego e e sa tlwaelegang ya palo ya tsie.<ref name=":40" /> Kwa Botlhaba jwa Aforika , phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e solofetswe go gakatsa makgetlo le bogale jwa komelelo le merwalela, e e ka nnang le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo lephateng la temothuo. Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e tla nna le ditlamorago tse di farologaneng mo ntshokunong ya temothuo mo Aforika Botlhaba. Dipatlisiso go tswa kwa [[:en:International_Food_Policy_Research_Institute|Setheong sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Patlisiso ya]] [[:en:International_Food_Policy_Research_Institute|Melawana ya Dijo]] (IFPRI) di tshitshinya koketsego ya thobo ya mmidi mo bontsing jwa Aforika Botlhaba, fela ditatlhegelo tsa thobo mo dikarolong tsa Ethiopia, [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Rephaboliki ya]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|batho ka batho ya Congo]] (DRC), Tanzania le bokone jwa Uganda.<ref>"[http://www.ifpri.org/publication/east-african-agriculture-and-climate-change-comprehensive-analysis East African agriculture and climate change: A comprehensive analysis]". ''[[:en:International_Food_Policy_Research_Institute|International Food Policy Research Institute]] (IFPRI)''. 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2019.</ref> Diponelopele tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa le tsone di solofetswe go fokotsa bokgoni jwa lefatshe le le lemilweng go ntsha dijalo tsa bontsi le boleng jo bo kwa godimo.<ref>Kurukulasuriya, P.; Mendelsohn, R. (25 September 2008). ''[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/09/11/000158349_20080911163038/Rendered/PDF/WPS4717.pdf How Will Climate Change Shift Agro-Ecological Zones And Impact African Agriculture?]'' (PDF). Policy Research Working Papers. The World Bank. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1596/1813-9450-4717|10.1596/1813-9450-4717]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10986/6994|10986/6994]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129416028 129416028].</ref> [[:en:Climate_change_in_Kenya|Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa kwa Kenya]] e solofetswe go nna le ditlamorago tse dikgolo mo lephateng la temothuo, le le fepiwang thata ke pula mme ka jalo le le mo kotsing e kgolo ya diphetogo tsa megote le mekgwa ya pula, le ditiragalo tse di feteletseng tsa maemo a bosa.<ref name=":41">Ministry of Environment and Forestry. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20220402131336/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NCCAP-2018-2022-v2.pdf National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2018–2022. Volume I]" (PDF). Archived from [http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NCCAP-2018-2022-v2.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2 April 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</ref> Ditlamorago di ka nna tsa bonala thata mo mafatsheng a a omileng le a a omeletseng go sekae (di-ASAL) moo ntshodikuno ya leruo e leng tiro ya botlhokwa ya itsholelo le ya matshelo. Mo di-ASAL, go feta karolo ya masome a supa mo lekgolong ya dintsho tsa leruo ke ditlamorago tsa komelelo.<ref name=":41" /> Mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang,[leng?] karolo ya masome a mtlhano le bobedi ya palo ya dikgomo tsa ASAL di mo kotsing ya go latlhegelwa ka ntlha ya kgatelelo e e feteletseng ya megote.<ref>Kenya Markets Trust (2019). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20230216210136/https://www.kenyamarkets.org/contextualising-pathways-to-resilience-in-kenyas-asals-under-the-big-four-agenda/ Contextualising Pathways to Resilience in Kenya's ASALs under the Big Four Agenda]". Archived from [https://www.kenyamarkets.org/contextualising-pathways-to-resilience-in-kenyas-asals-under-the-big-four-agenda/ the original] on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</ref> Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e tla gakatsa go nna mo kotsing ga lekala la temothuo mo mafatsheng a le mantsi tsa Borwa jwa Aforika tse di setseng di lekanyeditswe ke mafaratlhatlha a a bokoa le go diega ga ditsenngwateng tsa maranyane le boitshimololedi.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20220728201021/https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/2016%20CRM%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20Southern%20Africa.pdf Fact sheet]" (PDF). ''www.climatelinks.org''. Retrieved 12 July 2020.</ref> Mmidi o dira mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa lefatshe le le lengwang mo Borwa jwa Aforika, mme ka fa tlase ga phetogo ya seemo sa bosa sa isago, thobo e ka fokotsega ka karolo ya masome a mararo mo lekgolong.<ref>[http://www.ifpri.org/publication/overview-southern-african-agriculture-and-climate-change "Overview &#x5B;in Southern African Agriculture and Climate Change&#x5D;]". ''www.ifpri.org''. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> Megote e e oketsegang gape di rotloetsa go anama ga mefero le disenyi.<ref>Hachigonta, Sepo; Nelson, Gerald C.; Thomas, Timothy S.; Sibanda, Lindiwe Majele (2013). "Overview". ''[https://cdm15738.contentdm.oclc.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/127787/filename/127998.pdf Southern African Agriculture and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Analysis]'' (PDF). International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). pp.&#x20;1–24. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89629-208-6|&#x20;<bdi>978-0-89629-208-6</bdi>]].</ref> Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e tla ama thata temothuo mo Bophirima jwa Aforika ka go oketsa pharologano mo tlhagisong ya dijo, phitlhelelo le go nna teng ga dijo.<ref>Brown, Molly E.; Hintermann, B.; Higgins, N. (January 2009). "[https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20090027893.pdf Markets, Climate Change and Food Security in West Africa"] (PDF). ''Environmental Science & Technology''. '''43''' (21): 8016–8020. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EnST...43.8016B 2009EnST...43.8016B.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1021/es901162d|10.1021/es901162d]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:2060/20090027893|2060/20090027893]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19924916 19924916]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9412710 9412710].</ref> Pula e e kwa godimo, dipaka tsa komelelo tse di tsayang nako e telele le megote e e kwa godimo di solofetswe go ama ka tsela e e sa siamang ntshodikuno ya manioko, mmidi le dinawa mo Aforika Bogare.<ref name=":42">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20200728153008/https://www.climatelinks.org/file/4614/download?token=rlgPz1eX Climate Risks in the Central Africa Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE) and Congo Basin]". ''Climatelinks''. Archived from [https://www.climatelinks.org/file/4614/download?token=rlgPz1eX the original] on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</ref> Morwalela le kgogolego di solofetswe go senya mafaratlhatlha a dipalangwa a a setseng a lekanyeditswe mo kgaolong e e tla lebisang kwa ditatlhegelong tsa morago ga thobo.<ref name=":42" /> Thomelontle ya dijalo tsa itsholelo jaaka kofi le cocoa e a oketsega mo kgaolong mme dijalo tse di mo kotsing e kgolo ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref name=":42" /> Dikgotlhang le go sa tlhomamang ga sepolotiki di nnile le tshusumetso mo seabeng sa temothuo mo GDP ya kgaolo mme tshusumetso e e tla gakadiwa ke dikotsi tsa seemo sa bosa.<ref>[https://www.un.org/en/africa/osaa/pdf/pubs/2013africanagricultures.pdf "Agriculture in Africa"] (PDF). ''United Nations''. 2013.</ref> Palogotlhe ya dikuno tsa selegae tsa Aforika (GDP) e ka nna ya fokotsega ka karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong ka ntlha ya tlhatlogo ya selekanyo sa mogote sa Celcius e le nngwe (1 °C) ya mogote ya palogare ya lefatshe, le ka karolo ya lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong ka ntlha ya tlhatlogo ya selekanyo sa mogote sa Celcius sa bone (4 °C) ya mogote. [[:en:Crop_yield|Dithobo tsa dijalo]] di solofetswe go fokotsega thata ka ntlha ya megote tse di tlhatlogang le koketsego ya kgonagalo ya komelelo go ralala karolo ya . Mo godimo ga moo, go solofetswe gore dipula tse di maatla di tla na kgapetsakgapetsa le ka maatla mo Aforika yotlhe, mme seno se tla oketsa kotsi ya [[:en:Flood|merwalela]].<ref name=":38" /><ref>[https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/climate-change-triggers-mounting-food-insecurity-poverty-and-displacement-africa "Climate change triggers mounting food insecurity, poverty and displacement in Africa]". ''public.wmo.int''. 18 October 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2022.</ref><ref>[https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/december-2018-march-2019/global-warming-severe-consequences-africa "Global warming: severe consequences for Africa]". ''Africa Renewal''. 7 December 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2022.</ref><ref>[https://unfccc.int/news/climate-change-is-an-increasing-threat-to-africa "Climate Change Is an Increasing Threat to Africa]". ''unfccc.int''. Retrieved 26 July 2022.</ref> === Maatla === [[Setshwantsho:M-Power solar in Tanzania (1080).jpg|thumb|Dipone tsa letsatsi le motlakase di tsentswe mo lapeng la mosadi mongwe wa kwa Tanzania.]] Ka palo ya batho e e oketsegang le tlhokego e e tsamaelanang ya maatla, tshireletsego ya maatla e tshwanetse go rarabololwa ka gonne maatla a botlhokwa mo tlhabololong e e tswelelang. Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e amile makalana a maatla mo Aforika jaaka fa mafatshe a le mantsi a ikaegile ka tlhagiso ya maatla a metsi. Go fokotsega ga maemo a pula le komelelo go dirile gore maemo a metsi a nne kwa tlase mo matamong a a nang le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo go tlhagiseng maatla a metsi. Se se dirile gore go nne le tlhagiso e e kwa tlase ya maatla a motlakase, ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo tsa motlakase le go kgaoga ga motlakase kgotsa go kgaoga ga motlakase mo mafatsheng a mangwe a Aforika a a ikaegileng ka tlhagiso ya motlakase o o dirisiwang ka metsi. Dikgoreletsi tsa go dira maatla a metsi di amile makala a a farologaneng mo mafatsheng jaaka [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]], [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]], [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]] le [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]] ka tsela e e sa siamang. == Tlhaelo ya metsi == [[Setshwantsho:Water Shortage in Ethiopia (935).jpg|thumb|Tlhaelo ya metsi kwa lefatsheng la Ethiiopia]] Boleng le go nna teng ga metsi go senyegile mo mafelong a le mantsi a Aforika, bogolosegolo ka ntlha ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref>Rankoana, Sejabaledi Agnes (1 January 2020). [[doi:10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2020-0033|"Climate change impacts on water resources in a rural community in Limpopo province, South Africa: a community-based adaptation to water insecurity"]]. ''International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management''. '''12''' (5): 587–598. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020IJCCS..12..587R 2020IJCCS..12..587R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2020-0033|10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2020-0033]].</ref> Metswedi ya metsi e mo kotsing mme e na le kgonagalo ya go amiwa thata ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ka ditlamorago tse dikgolo mo merafeng ya batho.<ref>[https://www.ipcc.ch/publication/climate-change-and-water-2/ "Climate Change and Water — IPCC]". Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> IPCC e bonelapele gore didikadike tsa batho mo Aforika di tla nna di lebane le kgatelelo e e oketsegileng ya metsi ka ntlha ya go fetoga ga seemo sa bosa le phetogo ([[:en:IPCC_Fifth_Assessment_Report|IPCC ngwaga wa 2013]]). Diphetogo mo mekgweng ya pula di ama ka tlhamalalo [[:en:Surface_runoff|go elela ga metsi mo godimo ga lefatshe]] le go nna teng ga metsi.<ref>Fowler, H. J.; Blenkinsop, S.; Tebaldi, C. (October 2007). "Linking climate change modelling to impacts studies: recent advances in downscaling techniques for hydrological modelling". ''International Journal of Climatology''. 27 (12): 1547–1578. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007IJCli..27.1547F 2007IJCli..27.1547F.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Water_Shortage_in_Ethiopia_%28935%29.jpg/500px-Water_Shortage_in_Ethiopia_%28935%29.jpg 10.1002/joc.1556]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53472608 53472608].</ref> Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e ka gakatsa gape mafelo a a nang le kgatelelo ya metsi go ralala Aforika – sekai, lefelo la Rufiji kwa Tanzania<ref>Conway, Declan; Geressu, Robel; Harou, Julien; Kashaigili, Japhet; Pettinotti, L.; Siderius, Christian (2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230210055437/https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/tanzania_rufiji_river_basin_brief.pdf "Designing a process for assessing climate resilience in Tanzania's Rufiji basin]" (PDF). ''FCFA Country Brief''.</ref> – ka ntlha ya tiriso e e farologaneng ya lefatshe, le dikgwetlho tse di raraaneng tsa loago le sepolotiki. Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo karolokgolong ya lefasthe e e naleng mafatshe a a mantsi mo teng ya Aforika e fetotse thata modikologo wa metsi kgotsa wa metsi wa Aforika ka go dira gore pula e se ka ya tlhomama, go oketsa bogale jwa merwalela le komelelo, go fokotsa go ikanyega ga metsi a a kwa godimo le a a fa fatshe le gape go itlhaganedisa seelo sa mowafalo. Diphetogo tse tsa seemo sa bosa di dirile gore go nne le metsi a a dirisiwang mo gae le mo temothuong, go dira maatla ka bontsi jwa dinaga mo Aforika di dira maatla a tsona go tswa mo metsing le gape go tswelela ga thulaganyo ya tikologo mo Aforika.<ref name=":11">Isaacman, Allen; Musemwa, Muchaparara (1 October 2021). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355000708_Water_Security_in_Africa_in_the_Age_of_Global_Climate_Change Water Security in Africa in the Age of Global Climate Change]". ''Daedalus''. '''150''': 7–26. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1162/daed_e_01870|10.1162/daed_e_01870]] &#x2013; via ResearchGate.</ref><ref>[https://archive.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/policy_brief_4_climate_change_and_water_in_africa_challenges_opportunities_and_recommendations.pdfhttps://archive.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/policy_brief_4_climate_change_and_water_in_africa_challenges_opportunities_and_recommendations.pdf https://archive.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/policy_brief_4_climate_change_and_water_in_africa_challenges_opportunities_and_recommendations.pdf]. <nowiki>{{cite book}}</nowiki>: Missing or empty |title= (help)</ref><ref>"[https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/transboundary-waters/news News]". ''World Bank''. Retrieved 12 June 2026.</ref> === Matshosetsi a Botlhokwa a seemo sa bosa mo Tshireletsegong ya Metsi mo Aforika === * Pula e e sa tlhomamang: Mokgwa wa pula e e sa tlhomamang kgotsa e e sa bonelwang pele mo Aforika o nyatsa kgotsa o tsenya mo kotsing kungo ya ya dijalo le go itlhaganedisa go fokotsega ga metswedi ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. Bontsi jwa batho (Balemirui) mo karolong nngwe ya Aforika, ka tlwaelo ba ikaegile ka dipaka tsa dipula tse di bonelwang pele go jala dijalo tsa bona. Mo ntlheng e fa pula e nna e e sa tlhomamang, e ka diegisa pula kgotsa ya na ditsuatsue tse di maatla tse di ka amang balemirui mo go lemeng dijalo.<ref>[https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/opag-2021-0042/html?srsltid=AfmBOorEOnBGaZqgX15b1hSPcNAUiOvu0wK5fm8cclJLF5EMswne2RxW "Climate change stressors affecting household food security among Kimandi-Wanyaga smallholder farmers in Murang'a County, Kenya".]</ref> * Ditiragalo tsa Maemo a Bosa a a Feteletseng: Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo Aforika e e golaganeng le maemo a bosa a a feteletseng e ntse e tlwaelega ka iketlo go ralala karolokgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a a mantsi mo teng. Dipaka tse di telele tsa komelelo di isa kwa tlhaelong ya metsi, fa pula e e maatla le merwalela di senya dithoto le go oketsa go anama ga malwetse a a tshelanwang ke metsi kgotsa a a amanang le ona. * Dikgotlhang tsa Kgabaganyo ya Melelwane: phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e ka fokotsa go nna teng ga metsi mo mekgatsheng e e abelanwang. Tlhaelo ya metsi e ka baka gore mafatshe a a ikaegileng ka motswedi o le mongwe wa metsi di ka gaisana ka taolo le phitlhelelo e e ka felelang ka tsitsipano. Ka sekai, fa go akanyediwa Volta Basin, mafatshe a le mmalwa a Bophirima jwa Afrika di abelana Volta Basin. Fa lefatshe le ngwe le ka aga letamo kgotsa la goga metsi a mantsi, mafatshe a dingwe a a nang le metsi a a tshwanang a ka nna amogela metsi a mannye go baka go sa dumalane. Noka ya Nile gape e abelanwa ke mafatshe a a mantsi.<ref name=":11" /> === Ditlamorago tsa boitekanelo === ''Tshedimosetso e e oketsegileng: [[:en:Effects_of_climate_change_on_human_health|Ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya]] [[:en:Effects_of_climate_change_on_human_health|seemo sa bosa mo boitekanelong jwa batho]]'' Mafatshe a Aforika a na le ditsamaiso tsa boitekanelo jwa setšhaba tse di sa direng sentle mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":12">World Health Organization. (2014). ''The health of the people: what works: the African Regional Health Report 2014''. World Health Organization.</ref> Merwalo ya malwetse a a tshelanwang jaaka [[:en:Malaria|malaria]], [[:en:Malaria|schistosomiasis]], [[:en:Dengue_fever|dengue fever]], [[:en:Meningitis|meningitis]], tse di bosisi mo ditlamoragong tsa seemo sa bosa, di kwa godimo thata mo kgaolong ya Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara. Ka sekai, karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong tsa dikgetsi tsa [[:en:Malaria|malaria]] tsa lefatshe lotlhe tsa ngwaga le ngwaga di mo Afrika.<ref name=":12" /> Diphetogo tsa seemo sa bosa di tla ama go anama ga ditshwaetso tsa malwetsi a a tshelanwang mmogo le go fetola tshekamelo ya batho mo ditshwaetsong tseo. Go ya ka Pegelo ya Tshekatsheko ya Borataro ya IPCC, phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e kotsi thata mo boitekanelong jwa didikadike di le masomesome tsa Maaforika, ka gonne e ba tsenya mo megoteng e e sa siamang, maemo a tepo loapi a a feteletseng, le selekanyo se se oketsegileng le seelo sa phetiso ya malwetse a a tshelanwang.<ref>"Chapter 9:Africa". [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FinalDraft_Chapter09.pdf ''IPCC WGII Sixth Assessment Report'' (PDF)] (Final Draft).</ref> Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa , le go felela ka megote e e oketsegileng, ditsuatsue, komelelo, le go tlhatloga ga bogodimo jwa lewatle, di tla ama go tlhagelela le go anama ga malwetse a a tshelanwang go ralala lefatshe.<ref>Beard, C. B.; Eisen, R. J.; Barker, C. M.; Garofalo, J. F.; Hahn, M.; Hayden, M.; Schramm, P. J. (2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160607130925/https://health2016.globalchange.gov/vectorborne-diseases "Vector-Borne Diseases]". Retrieved 15 February 2017.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2021, [[:en:World_Food_Programme|Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Dijo]] ([[:en:World_Food_Programme|World Food Programme)]] (WFP) le ne la pega mathata a a tswelelang pele a dijo kwa borwa jwa Madagascar molato wa gore a bakilwe fela ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e seng ke ntwa kgotsa dikgotlhang. Go ne ga itsisiwe gore ke tlala ya ntlha e e bakilweng ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref>Baker, Aryn (20 July 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210723003745/https://time.com/6081919/famine-climate-change-madagascar/ "Climate, Not Conflict. Madagascar's Famine is the First in Modern History to be Solely Caused by Global Warming"]. ''Time''. Retrieved 24 July 2021.</ref><ref>Rodrigues, Charlene (22 July 2021). [https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/madagascar-famine-climate-crisis-b1888058.html "Madagascar famine becomes first in history to be caused solely by climate crisis"]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved 24 July 2021.</ref><ref>Harding, Andrew (24 August 2021). "[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58303792 Madagascar on the brink of climate change-induced famine]". ''BBC News''. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref> === Malaria === ''Pego ya konokono: [[:en:Climate_change_and_infectious_diseases#Malaria|Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa le malwetse a a tshelanwang § Malaria]]'' Mo Afrika [[:en:Malaria|malaria]] e tswelela pele go nna le ditlamorago tse di gakgamatsang mo bathong. Jaaka fa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e tswelela, mafelo a a rileng a a ka nnang le phetiso ya malaria ngwaga otlhe, e e mo kotsing e kgolo a tla suta go tswa kwa lebopong la Bophirima jwa Aforika go ya kwa lefelong le le fa gare ga lefatshe la [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]] le [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]], le le bidiwang Dithaba tsa Aforika.<ref name=":13">Ryan, Sadie J.; McNally, Amy; Johnson, Leah R.; Mordecai, Erin A.; Ben-Horin, Tal; Paaijmans, Krijn; Lafferty, Kevin D. (2015). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700390 Mapping Physiological Suitability Limits for Malaria in Africa Under Climate Change]". ''Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases''. '''15''' (12): 718–725. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015VBZD...15..718R 2015VBZD...15..718R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1089/vbz.2015.1822|10.1089/vbz.2015.1822]]. PMC&#x20;4700390. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26579951 26579951].</ref> Dikgoreletsi tsa saense fa go sekasekwa dikelo tsa phetiso ya malaria tse di fetogang kwa Dithabeng tsa Aforika di tshwana le tse di amanang le go tlhaloganya ka bophara phetogo ya seemo sa bosa le malaria. Le fa go dira sekao ka diphetogo tsa mogote go bontsha gore go na le kamano magareng ga koketsego ya mogote le koketsego ya phetiso ya malaria, ditekanyetso di santse di le teng. Diphetogo tsa isago tsa baagi tse di amang [[:en:Population_density|kitlano ya baagi]], mmogo le diphetogo mo boitshwarong jwa menang, di ka ama dikelo tsa phetiso mme ke dintlha tse di lekanyetsang mo go tlhomamiseng kotsi ya isago ya go runya ga malaria, tse gape di amang thulaganyo ya paakanyetso e e siameng ya tsibogelo ya go runya.<ref name=":13" /> Mabapi le dikelo tsa phetiso ya malaria kwa Dithabeng tsa Aforika, mabaka le go tlhagelela go go bakwang ke diphetogo tse di masisi tsa tikologo jaaka seemo sa bosa tse di bothitho, diphetogo tsa maemo a bosa, le koketsego ya ditlamorago tsa batho jaaka go [[:en:Deforestation|rengwa ga dikgwa]], di tlamela ka maemo a a maleba a phetiso ya malaria magareng ga morwadi le moamogedi.<ref>Himeidan YE, Kweka EJ (2012). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3429085 Malaria in East African highlands during the past 30 years: impact of environmental changes]". ''Frontiers in Physiology''. '''3''': 315. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00315|10.3389/fphys.2012.00315.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3429085 3429085]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22934065 22934065].</ref> Ka tlhamalalo, malaria e bakwa ke dinwanamadi tsa ''Plasmodium falciparum'' le ''Plasmodium vivax'' tse di rwalwang ke monang wa ''Anopheles'' o o rwalang malaria. Le fa dinwa madi ya ''Plasmodium vivax'' e ka kgona go tshela mo megoteng e e kwa tlase, senwa madi sa ''Plasmodium falciparum'' se tla tshela fela le go ipoeletsa mo monang fa megote ya seemo sa bosa e le kwa godimo ga selekanyo sa mogote sa Celcius sa masome a mabdei (20 °C).<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/distribution.html "Where Malaria Occurs]". ''Center for Disease Control and Prevention''. 14 November 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2020.</ref> Koketsego ya bongola le pula le yone e na le seabe mo go ipoeletseng le go tshela ga ditshwaetso bolwetsi tse di tshelanwang .<ref name=":14">[https://scied.ucar.edu/longcontent/climate-change-and-vector-borne-disease "Climate Change and Vector-Borne Disease"]. ''Center for Science Education''. 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2020.</ref> Go tlhagelela mo bolwetsi jwa malaria go tla nna kotsi e kgolo mo bathong fa palo ya menang ya ''Anopheles'' e e namagadi e e tshwaeditsweng ke setshedi se se tshelang ka go gobatsa sa ''Plasmodium falciparum'' kgotsa ''Plasmodium vivax'' e ntse e oketsega.<ref name=":14" /> Dithutopatlisiso di bontsha koketsego ka kakaretso ya go tshwanelega ga tlelaemete ya phetiso ya malaria e e felelang ka koketsego ya baagi ba ba mo kotsing ya go tsenwa ke bolwetse jono.<ref>Caminade C, Kovats S, Rocklov J, Tompkins AM, Morse AP, Colón-González FJ, et&#x20;al. (March 2014). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3948226 Impact of climate change on global malaria distribution"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America''. '''111''' (9): 3286–3291. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PNAS..111.3286C 2014PNAS..111.3286C]. doi:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1302089111|10.1073/pnas.1302089111]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3948226 3948226]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24596427 24596427].</ref> Se se botlhokwa thata ke koketsego ya kgonagalo ya leroborobo kwa bogodimong jo bo kwa godimo (jaaka Dithaba tsa Aforika). Megote e e tlhatlogang mo mafelong a di na le bokgoni jwa go fetola mafelo a ka tlwaelo a senang malaria go nna mafelo a a nang le malwetse a leroborobo a dipaka.<ref>Martens WJ, Niessen LW, Rotmans J, Jetten TH, McMichael AJ (May 1995). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1523278 "Potential impact of global climate change on malaria risk]". ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''103''' (5): 458–64. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995EnvHP.103..458M 1995EnvHP.103..458M.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.95103458|10.1289/ehp.95103458.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1523278 1523278]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7656875 7656875].</ref> Ka ntlha ya moo, dipalopalo tse dišwa di tla tlhagelela mo bolwetseng jo bo tla felelang ka dingwaga tse di itekanetseng tse di latlhegileng. Mo godimo ga moo, morwalo wa bolwetse o ka nna kotsi thata mo mafelong a a tlhokang bokgoni le didirisiwa tsa go tsibogela dikgwetlho le dikgatelelo tse di ntseng jalo ka katlego.<ref>Wu X, Lu Y, Zhou S, Chen L, Xu B (January 2016). "[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.007|Impact of climate change on human infectious diseases: Empirical evidence and human adaptation"]]. ''Environment International''. '''86''': 14–23. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EnInt..86...14W 2016EnInt..86...14W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.007|10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.007]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26479830 26479830].</ref> Jaaka fa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e sutisetsa mafelo a thutafatshe a phetiso go ya kwa Dithabeng tsa Aforika, kgwetlho e tla nna go batla le go laola mogare mo mafelong a a iseng a o bone pele.<ref>Tanser FC, Sharp B, le Sueur D (November 2003). [https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/24378625 "Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in Africa]". ''Lancet''. '''362''' (9398): 1792–8. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14898-2|10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14898-2]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14654317 14654317]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22850163 22850163].</ref> === Ditlamorago mo dikgotlhang le khudugo === [[:en:United_Nations_Environment_Programme|Lenaneo la Tikologo la Ditšhabakopano]] le dirile tshekatsheko ya tikologo ya morago ga [[:en:War|ntwa]] ya [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] ka ngwaga wa 2007.<ref>UNEP (June 2007), ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003632/http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/sudan/00_fwd.pdf Sudan Post-Conflict Environmental Assessment]'' (PDF), Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP, [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-807-2702-9|978-92-807-2702-9]]</bdi>, archived from [http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/sudan/00_fwd.pdf the original] (PDF) on 4 March 2016, retrieved 18 January 2022</ref> Go ya ka pegelo e, dikgatelelo tsa tikologo kwa Sudan di amana le dikgang tse dingwe tsa loago, tsa itsholelo le tsa sepolotiki, tse di jaaka [[:en:Refugee|go fuduga ga batho]] le go gaisana ka [[:en:Natural_resource|ditsompelo tsa tlholego]]. Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ya kgaolo, ka go fokotsega ga [[:en:Precipitation_(meteorology)|pula]], go ne go akanngwa gore e nnile nngwe ya dintlha tse di nnileng le seabe mo [[:en:War_in_Darfur|kgotlhang kwa Darfur]]. Ga mmogo le [[:en:Environmental_issues|dikgang dingwe tsa tikologo]], phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e ka ama tlhabololo ya nako e tlang ya Sudan mo go sa nnang sentle. Nngwe ya dikgakololo tse di dirilweng ke UNEP e ne e le gore baagi ba boditšhabatšhaba ba thuse Sudan go [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|tlwaela]] phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20100602041622/http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/sudan/03_disasters.pdf Ch 3. Natural Disasters]" (PDF), Natural Disasters and Desertification, archived from [http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/sudan/03_disasters.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2 June 2010, retrieved 18 January 2022 in [[:en:Climate_change_in_Africa#CITEREFUNEP2007|UNEP 2007]], p. 69</ref> == Ditlamorago go ya ka dikgaolo == === Bogare jwa Aforika === ''Tshedimosetso e e oketsegileng: [[:en:Climate_change_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa kwa Lefatshe la puso ya batho ka batho ya Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo)]] le [[:en:Climate_change_in_São_Tomé_and_Príncipe|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_São_Tomé_and_Príncipe|seemo sa bosa kwa São Tomé le Príncipe]]'' Bogare jwa Aforika, bontsi jwa yone, e dikologilwe ke mafatshe a a naleng mawatle mme e tshosediwa ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa go ya ka thutafatshe. Ka ntlha ya go fetoga ga seemo sa bosa ya lone le temothuo e e nang le pula, Aforika yo mo bogareng o solofetswe go itemogela makhubu a mogote a maleele le a a nnang teng kgapetsakgapetsa mmogo le koketsego ya dipheteletso tsa metsi.<ref>Diedhiou, Arona; Bichet, Adeline; Wartenburger, Richard; Seneviratne, Sonia I; Rowell, David P; Sylla, Mouhamadou B; Diallo, Ismaila; Todzo, Stella; Touré, N'datchoh E; Camara, Moctar; Ngatchah, Benjamin Ngounou; Kane, Ndjido A; Tall, Laure; Affholder, François (June 2018). [[doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aac3e5|"Changes in climate extremes over West and Central Africa at 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming"]]. ''Environmental Research Letters''. '''13''' (6) 065020. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ERL....13f5020D 2018ERL....13f5020D]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aac3e5|10.1088/1748-9326/aac3e5]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:20.500.11850/274346|20.500.11850/274346]].</ref> Megote ya lefatshe mo kgaolong e e tshwanetse go oketsega ka selekanyo sa mogote sa Celcius sa lesome ntlha tlhano (1.5 °C) go ya go ko Celcius ya mabedi (2 °C).<ref>Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Donat, Markus G.; Pitman, Andy J.; Knutti, Reto; Wilby, Robert L. (28 January 2016). "[https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/9482219 Allowable CO2 emissions based on regional and impact-related climate targets]". Nature. 529 (7587): 477–483. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/nature16542|10.1038/nature16542]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26789252 26789252]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205247437 205247437].</ref> Bokgoni jwa dikgwa tsa kwa [[:en:Congo_Basin|Congo Basin]] jwa go monya carbon dioxide bo fokotsegile. Phokotsego e e diragetse ka ntlha ya mogote o o oketsegang le komelelo e e bakang phokotsego ya kgolo ya ditlhare. Se se raya gore le dikgwa tse di sa rengwang di amiwa ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa. Thutopatlisiso ya [[:en:Nature_(journal)|Nature]] e supa gore ka ngwaga wa 2030, sekgwa sa Aforika se tla monya ghese carbon dioxide e e kwa tlase ka karolo ya lesome le bone mo lekgolong (14%) go na le ka fa se neng se dira ka teng go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2005 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2010, mme ga se kitla se monya epe gotlhelele ka ngwaga wa 2035.<ref>Grossman, Daniel (4 March 2020). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/the-congo-rainforest-is-losing-its-ability-to-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-for-climate-change/2020/03/03/3363d218-5ca9-11ea-9055-5fa12981bbbf_story.html The Congo rainforest is losing ability to absorb carbon dioxide. That's bad for climate change]". Washington Post. Retrieved 6 March 2020.</ref> === Botlhaba jwa Aforika === ''Tshedimosetso e nngwe: [[:en:Climate_change_in_Kenya|Phetogo ya]]'' ''[[:en:Climate_change_in_Kenya|seemo sa bosa kwa Kenya]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_Tanzania|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Tanzania|seemo sa bosa kwa Tanzania]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_Ethiopia|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Ethiopia|seemo sa bosa kwa Ethiopia]], le [[:en:Climate_change_in_South_Sudan|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_South_Sudan|seemo sa bosa kwa Sudan Borwa]]'' E le mo e ka nnang gotlhelele mo boboatsatsi, pula mo [[:en:East_Africa|Botlhaba jwa Aforika]] e laolwa ke go fuduga ga dipaka ga setlhopha sa pula ya boboatsatsi.<ref>Nicholson, Sharon E. (2017). "[[doi:10.1002/2016RG000544|Climate and climatic variability of rainfall over eastern Africa".]] ''Reviews of Geophysics''. '''55''' (3): 590–635. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017RvGeo..55..590N 2017RvGeo..55..590N.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/2016RG000544|10.1002/2016RG000544.]]</ref> Botlhaba jwa Aforika bo tlhomololwa ke go fetogafetoga mo go kwa godimo ga pula ya lefelo le nako ka gonne e akaretsa go feta selekanyo sa mogote sa didikirii di le masome a mararo tsa boleele jwa bophara (go kgabaganya mola wa equator). E na le ditlhotlheletso go tswa kwa Mawatleng a India le Atlantic ka bobedi, mme e na le diponagalo tse dikgolo tsa thutafatshe (dithaba) mmogo le metsi a a kwa teng jaaka [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Letsha la Victoria]]. Ka jalo, paka ya pula e farologana go tswa mo pakeng e le nngwe ya pula ka ngwaga ka kgwedi ya Phukwi go ya kwa kgwedi ya Phatwe mo dikarolong tsa bokonebophirima (go akaretsa mafatshe a Ethiopia le Sudan Borwa, tse di golaganeng thata ka bosa le Bophirima jwa Aforika , ka phefo ya dipula ya paka ya Aforika Bophirima e e tlisang dipula) go ya go paka e le nngwe ya pula ka ngwaga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole go ya kwa kgweding ya Tlhakole) mo borwa (go feta lefatshe la Tanzania) le mafelo a le mantsi a gaufi le mola wa bogare jwa lefatshe e e nang le dipaka tse pedi tsa dipula ka ngwaga,<ref>Dunning, Caroline M.; Black, Emily C. L.; Allan, Richard P. (2016). "[[doi:10.1002/2016JD025428|The onset and cessation of seasonal rainfall over Africa]]". ''Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres''. '''121''' (19): 11, 405–11, 424. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRD..12111405D 2016JGRD..12111405D.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/2016JD025428|10.1002/2016JD025428]].</ref> mo e ka nnang ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo go ya kwa kgweding ya Motsheganong ("Dipula tse ditelele") le kgwedi ya phalane go ya go kwa kgweding ya Sedimonthole ("Dipula tse dikhutshwane"). Go farologana ga selekanyo se se boleta mo dipakeng tsa pula gantsi go golaganngwa le thutafatshe ya lefatshe le makadiba. Pharologano ya magareng ga ngwaga e ka nna kgolo mme ditaolo tse di itsegeng di akaretsa dipharologano tsa [[:en:Sea_surface_temperatures|megote tsa boalogodimo jwa Lewatle]] (SSTs) tsa dibeiseneng tse di farologaneng tsa lewatle, mekgwa e megolo ya go fetoga ga lefaufau jaaka [[:en:Madden–Julian_oscillation|Madden–Julian Osciliation]] (MJO)<ref>Vellinga, Michael; Milton, Sean (2018). "[[doi:10.1002/qj.3263|Drivers of interannual variability of the East African 'Long Rains]]'". ''Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society''. '''144''' (1): 861–876. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018QJRMS.144..861V 2018QJRMS.144..861V.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/qj.3263|10.1002/qj.3263.]]</ref><ref name=":15">Finney, Declan L.; Marsham, John H.; Jackson, Lawrence S.; Kendon, Elizabeth J.; Rowell, David P.; Boorman, Penelope M.; Keane, Richard J.; Stratton, Rachel A.; Senior, Catherine A. (5 February 2019). "[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0387.1|Implications of Improved Representation of Convection for the East Africa Water Budget Using a Convection-Permitting Model]]". ''Journal of Climate''. '''32''' (7): 2109–2129. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019JCli...32.2109F 2019JCli...32.2109F.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0387.1|10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0387.1.]]</ref> le ditsuatsue tsa boboatsatsi<ref name=":15" /><ref>Kilavi, Mary; MacLeod, Dave; Ambani, Maurine; Robbins, Joanne; Dankers, Rutger; Graham, Richard; Titley, Helen; Salih, Abubakr A. M.; Todd, Martin C. (December 2018). [[doi:10.3390/atmos9120472|"Extreme Rainfall and Flooding over Central Kenya Including Nairobi City during the Long-Rains Season 2018: Causes, Predictability, and Potential for Early Warning and Actions]]". ''Atmosphere''. '''9''' (12): 472. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Atmos...9..472K 2018Atmos...9..472K]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3390/atmos9120472|10.3390/atmos9120472.]]</ref> Dipula tse ditelele ke paka e kgolo ya go jala dijalo mo kgaolong. Go bonelapele ga gare ga dingwaga ga paka e go kwa tlase fa go bapisiwa le Dipula tse di Khutshwane, mme go omisa ga sešweng go farologana le diponelopele tsa seemo sa bosa sa isago e e metsi ("Kganetsano ya seemo sa bosa sa Aforika Botlhaba".<ref>Rowell, David P.; Booth, Ben B. B.; Nicholson, Sharon E.; Good, Peter (15 December 2015). "Reconciling Past and Future Rainfall Trends over East Africa". ''Journal of Climate''. '''28''' (24): 9768–9788. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JCli...28.9768R 2015JCli...28.9768R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1|10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129146135 129146135].</ref>). Botlhaba jwa Afrika e nnile le komelelo e e nnang teng kgapetsakgapetsa le e e masisi mo masomeng a dingwaga a bosheng jaana, mmogo le merwalela e e senyang. Diphetogo tsa pula go tloga ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980 di bontsha phokotsego ka kakaretso mo dipuleng tsa paka tsa kgwedi ya Mopitlo go ya kwa kgweding ya Motsheganong (MAM) ka koketsego e nnye ka nako ya dipula tsa kgwedi ya Seetebosigo go ya kwa ya Lwetse (JJAS) le kgwedi ya Phalane go ya kwa kgweding ya Sedimonthole (OND),<ref>Bernhofer, Christian; Hülsmann, Stephan; Gebrechorkos, Solomon H. (6 August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6684806 "Long-term trends in rainfall and temperature using high-resolution climate datasets in East Africa]". ''Scientific Reports''. '''9''' (1) 11376. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019NatSR...911376G 2019NatSR...911376G]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47933-8|10.1038/s41598-019-47933-8.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6684806 6684806]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31388068 31388068].</ref> le fa go lebega go nnile le phokotsego ya bošeng mo dipuleng tsa MAM.<ref name=":27">Wainwright, Caroline M.; Marsham, John H.; Keane, Richard J.; Rowell, David P.; Finney, Declan L.; Black, Emily; Allan, Richard P. (12 September 2019). "'[[doi:10.1038/s41612-019-0091-7|Eastern African Paradox' rainfall decline due to shorter not less intense Long Rains]]". ''npj Climate and Atmospheric Science''. '''2''' (1): 34. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019npCAS...2...34W 2019npCAS...2...34W.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41612-019-0091-7|10.1038/s41612-019-0091-7.]]</ref> Mo isagong, pula le megote di solofetswe go fetoga mo Botlhaba jwa Aforika .<ref name=":17">Dunning, Caroline M.; Black, Emily; Allan, Richard P. (December 2018). "Later Wet Seasons with More Intense Rainfall over Africa under Future Climate Change". ''Journal of Climate''. '''31''' (23): 9719–9738. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCli...31.9719D 2018JCli...31.9719D.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0102.1|10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0102.1]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52990163 52990163].</ref><ref>Muhati, Godwin Leslie; Olago, Daniel; Olaka, Lydia (1 October 2018). "[[doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00469|Past and projected rainfall and temperature trends in a sub-humid Montane Forest in Northern Kenya based on the CMIP5 model ensemble"]]. ''Global Ecology and Conservation''. '''16''' e00469. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GEcoC..1600469M 2018GEcoC..1600469M.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00469|10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00469.]]</ref><ref name=":18">Rowell, David P.; Senior, Catherine A.; Vellinga, Michael; Graham, Richard J. (1 February 2016). "[[doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4|Can climate projection uncertainty be constrained over Africa using metrics of contemporary performance]]?". ''Climatic Change''. '''134''' (4): 621–633. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ClCh..134..621R 2016ClCh..134..621R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4|10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4.]]</ref> Dithutopatlisiso tsa sešweng ka ga diponelopele tsa seemo sa bosa di supa gore mogote o o magareng e ka oketsega ka bokana ka mogote jwa Celcius tse pedi go ya borarong (2–3 °C) mo bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo le selekanyo sa mogote sa Celcius tse pedi go ya kwa botlhanong (2–5 °C) kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo.<ref name=":19">Bornemann, F. Jorge; Rowell, David P.; Evans, Barbara; Lapworth, Dan J.; Lwiza, Kamazima; Macdonald, David M.J.; Marsham, John H.; Tesfaye, Kindie; Ascott, Matthew J.; Way, Celia (1 October 2019). "[[doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02499-2|Future changes and uncertainty in decision-relevant measures of East African climate]]". ''Climatic Change''. '''156''' (3): 365–384. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ClCh..156..365B 2019ClCh..156..365B.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02499-2|10.1007/s10584-019-02499-2.]]</ref> Se se tla ikaega ka [[:en:Climate_change_scenario|ditiragalo tsa kgololo]] mmogo le ka fa seemo sa bosa ya nnete e tsibogang ka teng fa e bapisiwa le mefuta ya dipoelo tse di ka nnang teng tse di bontshiwang ke dikai. Diponelopele tsa sekao tsa seemo sa bosa di na le go bontsha koketsego ya pula, bogolosegolo ka paka ya OND, e gape e akanyediwang go diragala moragonyana. Tiego e mo pakeng e khutshwane ya dipula, e golagantswe le go tsenelela ga Saharan Heat Low ka fa tlase ga phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref name=":17" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, dikai dingwe di bonelapele go fokotsega ga pula,<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":19" /> mme mo dikgaolong dingwe le dipaka dingwe dikoketso tse dikgolo thata tsa pula tse di bonelwang pele di bontshitswe di akaretsa mekgwa e e sa dumelegeng ka ntlha ya diphoso tsa sekao se se rulagantsweng.<ref>Rowell, David P. (2019). [[doi:10.1029/2019GL082847|"An Observational Constraint on CMIP5 Projections of the East African Long Rains and Southern Indian Ocean Warming]]". ''Geophysical Research Letters''. '''46''' (11): 6050–6058. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019GeoRL..46.6050R 2019GeoRL..46.6050R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1029/2019GL082847|10.1029/2019GL082847.]]</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, diphetogo tsa di-aerosol di tlamela ka phetogo ya pula e e sa tseweng mo ditshekatshekong tse dintsi tsa diponelopele tsa seemo sa bosa.<ref>Scannell, Claire; Booth, Ben B. B.; Dunstone, Nick J.; Rowell, David P.; Bernie, Dan J.; Kasoar, Matthew; Voulgarakis, Apostolos; Wilcox, Laura J.; Acosta Navarro, Juan C.; Seland, Øyvind; Paynter, David J. (13 September 2019). "[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0716.1|The Influence of Remote Aerosol Forcing from Industrialized Economies on the Future Evolution of East and West African Rainfall"]]. ''Journal of Climate''. '''32''' (23): 8335–8354. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019JCli...32.8335S 2019JCli...32.8335S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0716.1|10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0716.1.]] [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10044/1/75583|10044/1/75583.]]</ref><ref name=":28">Rowell, David P.; Booth, Ben B. B.; Nicholson, Sharon E.; Good, Peter (7 October 2015). "Reconciling Past and Future Rainfall Trends over East Africa". ''Journal of Climate''. '''28''' (24): 9768–9788. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JCli...28.9768R 2015JCli...28.9768R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1|10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129146135 129146135].</ref> Pharologano ya tlwaelo ya go oma ga pula ya MAM (dipula tse ditelele) mo Aforika Botlhaba jwa mola wa bogare, ka bontsi jwa dikai tse di bonelapele go koloba mo isagong e tshwailwe "kganetsano ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ya Botlhaba jwa Aforika"<ref name=":28" />, le fa go nnile le go boela mannong ga bošeng mo puleng.<ref name=":27" /> Dithutopatlisiso di bontshitse gore tlwaelo ya go omisa ga e kgonagale go nna ya tlhago fela, fela e ka kgweediwa ke mabaka a a jaaka di-aerosol go na le digase tsa tshwarang mogote molefaufaung,<ref name=":28" /> go tlhokega dipatlisiso tse dingwe. Go oma go bontshitswe go bakilwe ke paka e khutshwane ya dipula, mme go golaganngwa le go tsenelela ga Mogote wa Arabian Heat Low.<ref name=":27" /> Go tsamaelana le go sa tlhomamisegeng ga diponelopele tsa pula, diphetogo mo tshimologong ya [[:en:Rainy_seasons|dipaka tsa pula]] ga di tlhomamisege mo Botlhaba jwa Aforika jwa mola wa bogare wa lefatshe, le fa dikai tse dintsi di bonelapele dipula tse dikhutshwane tsa moragonyana le tse di metsi.<ref name=":17" /> [[:en:Indian_Ocean_Dipole|Dipole ya Lewatle la India]] (IOD) e itsege ka go tlamela ka taolo e e maatla mo go fetogeng ga magareng ga dingwaga mo dipuleng tse dikhutshwane,<ref>Black, Emily; Slingo, Julia; Sperber, Kenneth R. (1 January 2003). [https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0493%282003%29131%3C0074%3AAOSOTR%3E2.0.CO%3B2 "An Observational Study of the Relationship between Excessively Strong Short Rains in Coastal East Africa and Indian Ocean SST]". ''Monthly Weather Review''. '''131''' (1): 74–94. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003MWRv..131...74B 2003MWRv..131...74B.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0493%282003%29131%3C0074%3AAOSOTR%3E2.0.CO%3B2 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131&#x3C;0074:AOSOTR&#x3E;2.0.CO&#x3B;2.]</ref> mme dithutopatlisiso di bontsha gore di-IOD tse di feteletseng di ka oketsega ka fa tlase ga phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref>Cai, Wenju; Wang, Guojian; Gan, Bolan; Wu, Lixin; Santoso, Agus; Lin, Xiaopei; Chen, Zhaohui; Jia, Fan; Yamagata, Toshio (12 April 2018). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5897553 Stabilised frequency of extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole under 1.5 °C warming]". ''Nature Communications''. '''9''' (1) 1419. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCo...9.1419C 2018NatCo...9.1419C.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03789-6|10.1038/s41467-018-03789-6]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5897553 5897553]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29650992 29650992].</ref> Lefatshe ka bophara, phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e solofetswe go lebisa kwa go gateleleng ga pula, ka pula e e feteletseng e oketsega ka seelo se se bonako fa go thuthafala go feta pula yotlhe<ref>IPCC (2018). [https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ "Global Warming of 1.5°C: an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty"]. ''IPCC''. Retrieved 16 February 2020.</ref> Tiro ya sešweng e bontsha gore go ralala Aforika dikai tsa lefatshe di solofetswe go nyatsa seelo sa phetogo ya go oketsega ga pula e,<ref name=":1" /> mme diphetogo mo go feteletseng ga pula di ka nna tsa anama thata go feta tse di bonelwang pele ke dikai tsa lefatshe.<ref>Finney, Declan L.; Marsham, John H.; Rowell, David P.; Kendon, Elizabeth J.; Tucker, Simon O.; Stratton, Rachel A.; Jackson, Lawrence S. (22 January 2020). "[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0328.1|Effects of explicit convection on future projections of mesoscale circulations, rainfall and rainfall extremes over Eastern Africa"]]. ''Journal of Climate''. '''33''' (7): 2701–2718. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020JCli...33.2701F 2020JCli...33.2701F]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0328.1|10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0328.1.]]</ref> Dikarolo tse di kwa borwa jwa Aforika Botlhaba di amogela bontsi jwa pula ya tsone mo pakeng e le nngwe ya pula ka nako ya mariga a hemisefere e e kwa borwa: mo godimo ga Tanzania pula ya paka e solofetswe go oketsega ka fa tlase ga phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ya isago, le fa go na le go sa tlhomamang.<ref name=":17" /> Go ya kwa borwa, mo godimo ga Mozambique, paka e khutshwane ka ntlha ya go simolola moragonyana e akanyediwa ka fa tlase ga phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ya isago, gape ka go sa tlhomamang go go rileng.<ref>Wang, Bin; Liu, De Li; Waters, Cathy; Yu, Qiang (2 October 2018). "Quantifying sources of uncertainty in projected wheat yield changes under climate change in eastern Australia". ''Climatic Change''. '''151''' (2): 259–273. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClCh..151..259W 2018ClCh..151..259W.] doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10584-018-2306-z|10.1007/s10584-018-2306-z]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158743534 158743534].</ref> Jaaka sekai, [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]] e na le bothata jo bo kwa godimo jwa ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa. [[:en:Climate_hazards|Dikotsi tse dikgolo tsa seemo sa bosa]] di akaretsa [[:en:Drought|komelelo]] le [[:en:Flood|merwalela]] ka gonne go ka direga gore pula e nne e e tseneletseng e bile e se ka ya bonelwa kwa pele. [[:en:Climate_model|Dikai tsa seemo sa bosa]] di bonela pele gore megote e tla tlhatloga ka lefala ntlha tlhano go ya koselekanyong sa mogote sa Celcius tse pedi.<ref>World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20231001012517/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/kenya/vulnerability Kenya (Vulnerability)"]. Retrieved 28 January 2021.</ref> Mo mafelong a a sa tlhomamang a toropong ya [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]] phelelo ya [[:en:Urban_heat_island|setlhaketlhake sa mogote wa toropo]] e oketsa bothata ka gonne e dira megote e e bothitho le go feta tsa tikologo. Se ke ka ntlha ya didirisiwa tsa go aga mo matlong, go tlhoka go tsenya mowa, lefelo le letala le le sesane, le go sa kgone go bona maatla a motlakase le ditirelo tse dingwe.<ref>Hirch, Aurther (November 2017). [https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/11/06/deadly-climate-change-disproportionately-affects-africa/ "Effects of climate change likely to be more deadly in poor African settlements]".</ref> === Bokone jwa Aforika === ''Karolo e ke nopolo go tswa mo [[:en:Climate_change_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa|Phetogong ya]]'' ''[[:en:Climate_change_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa|Seemo sa Bosa kwa Botlhabagare le Aforika Bokone.]]''[[Setshwantsho:Middle East map of Köppen climate classification.svg|thumb]] [[Setshwantsho:Koppen-Geiger Map Northern Africa future.svg|thumb|Ditshwantso tsa mafatshe tsa tlhaolo ya seemo sa bosa tsa Botlhabagare ga jaana (kwa godimo) le tse di bonelwang pele tsa Aforika Bokone tsa ngwaga wa di 2071 go ya kwa ngwageng 2100 ka fa tlase ga boemo jo bo tseneletseng thata jwa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa(kwa tlase). Ditiragalo tsa magareng ga jaana di tsewa di ka nna teng thata.<ref>Hausfather, Zeke; Peters, Glen (29 January 2020). "[[doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3|Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading"]]. ''Nature''. '''577''' (7792): 618–20. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020Natur.577..618H 2020Natur.577..618H.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3|10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31996825 31996825].</ref><ref>Schuur, Edward A.G.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Commane, Roisin; Ernakovich, Jessica; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Hugelius, Gustaf; Grosse, Guido; Jones, Miriam; Koven, Charlie; Leshyk, Victor; Lawrence, David; Loranty, Michael M.; Mauritz, Marguerite; Olefeldt, David; Natali, Susan; Rodenhizer, Heidi; Salmon, Verity; Schädel, Christina; Strauss, Jens; Treat, Claire; Turetsky, Merritt (2022). "[[doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847|Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic]]". ''Annual Review of Environment and Resources''. '''47''': 343–371. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847|10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847.]] <q>Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3°C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement...</q></ref><ref>Phiddian, Ellen (5 April 2022). "[https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ Explainer: IPCC Scenarios]". ''[[:en:Cosmos_(magazine)|Cosmos]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230920224129/https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ Archived] from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023. <q>"The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[:en:The_Australian_Academy_of_Science|The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3°C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[:en:Climate_Action_Tracker|Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9°C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1°C.</q></ref>]] Ka ngwaga wa 2018, kgaolo ya [[:en:MENA|MENA]] e ne ya ntsha bokete jwa ditone di le didikadike di le tharo ntlha pedi tsa ghese ya carbon dioxide mme ya ntsha karolo ya borobabobedi ntlha supa mo lekgolong ya [[:en:Greenhouse_gas_emissions|mesi ya digase tse di tshawarang mogote mo loaping tsa lefatshe]] (GHG)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201011125320/http://www.globalcarbonatlas.org/en/CO2-emissions "CO2 Emissions]". ''Global Carbon Atlas''. Archived from [https://www.globalcarbonatlas.org/en/CO2-emissions the original] on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.</ref> le fa e ne e dira fela karolo ya borataro mo lekgolong ya baagi ba lefatshe.<ref>[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=ZQ-1W "Population, total – Middle East & North Africa, World"]. ''World Bank Open Data''. Retrieved 11 April 2020.</ref> Mesi e e tswa thata mo lekalaneng la maatla,<ref>Abbass, Rana Alaa; Kumar, Prashant; El-Gendy, Ahmed (February 2018). "[http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/845102/1/An%20Overview%20of%20Monitoring%20and%20Reduction%20Strategies%20for%20Health%20and%20Climate%201%20Change%20Related%20Emissions%20in%20the%20Middle%20East%20and%20North%20Africa%20Region.pdf An overview of monitoring and reduction strategies for health and climate change related emissions in the Middle East and North Africa region"] (PDF). ''Atmospheric Environment''. '''175''': 33–43. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AtmEn.175...33A 2018AtmEn.175...33A.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.061|10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.061.]] [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1352-2310 1352-2310]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210614234546/http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/845102/1/An%20Overview%20of%20Monitoring%20and%20Reduction%20Strategies%20for%20Health%20and%20Climate%201%20Change%20Related%20Emissions%20in%20the%20Middle%20East%20and%20North%20Africa%20Region.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 14 June 2021 &#x2013; via Surrey Research Insight Open Access.</ref> e leng karolo e e botlhokwa ya itsholelo e e ntsi ya [[:en:Middle_Eastern|Botlhabagare]] le ya [[:en:North_Africa|Bokone jwa Aforika]] ka ntlha ya dipolokelo tse dintsi tsa [[:en:Petroleum|mahura]] le [[:en:Natural_gas|ghese ya tlholego]] tse di fitlhelwang mo kgaolong eo.<ref>Al-mulali, Usama (1 October 2011). [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544211005226 "Oil consumption, CO2 emission and economic growth in MENA countries]". ''Energy''. '''36''' (10): 6165–6171. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.07.048|10.1016/j.energy.2011.07.048.]] [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0360-5442 0360-5442.]</ref><ref>Tagliapietra, Simone (1 November 2019). "[[doi:10.1016/j.esr.2019.100397|The impact of the global energy transition on MENA oil and gas producers]]". ''Energy Strategy Reviews''. '''26''' 100397. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.esr.2019.100397|10.1016/j.esr.2019.100397]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2211-467X 2211-467X.]</ref>Kgaolo ya Botlhabagare ke nngwe ya tse di [[:en:Climate_change_vulnerability|ka amiwang thata ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa]]. Ditlamorago di akaretsa koketsego ya maemo a [[:en:Drought|leuba]], komelelo, [[:en:Heat_wave|makhubu a mogote]] le go [[:en:Sea_level_rise|tlhatloga ga bogodimo jwa lewatle]]. Diphetogo tse di bogale tsa mogote ya lefatshe le bogodimo jwa lewatle, go fetoga ga mekgwa tsa pula le go oketsega ga makgetlo a ditiragalo tsa maemo a [[:en:Extreme_weather|tepo loapi]] a a feteletseng ke dingwe tsa ditlamorago tse dikgolo tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa jaaka di supilwe ke [[:en:Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change|Phanele ya Dipuso ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa]] (IPCC).<ref name=":29">IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp.</ref> Kgaolo ya MENA e mo kotsing thata ya ditlamorago tse di jalo ka ntlha ya tikologo ya yona e e omeletseng le e e omeletseng go sekae, e lebane le dikgwetlho tsa seemo sa bosa tse di jaaka pula e e kwa tlase, megote e e kwa godimo le mmu o o omileng.<ref name=":29" /><ref>El-Fadel, M.; Bou-Zeid, E. (2003). "Climate change and water resources in the Middle East: vulnerability, socio-economic impacts and adaptation". ''Climate Change in the Mediterranean''. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4337/9781781950258.00015|10.4337/9781781950258.00015.]] [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10535/6396|10535/6396]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781781950258|9781781950258]]</bdi>.</ref> Maemo a seemo sa bosa a a rotloetsang dikgwetlho tse di jalo mo MENA a akanyediwa ke IPCC go nna maswe le go feta mo ngwagakgolong otlhe wa masome a mabedi le bongwe.<ref name=":29" /> Fa [[:en:Greenhouse_gas_emissions|mesi ya digase tse di kapang mogote mo loaping]] e sa fokodiwe thata, karolo ya kgaolo ya MENA e mo kotsing ya go sa kgone go agiwa pele ga ngwaga wa 2100.<ref>Broom, Douglas (5 April 2019). "[https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/04/middle-east-front-lines-climate-change-mena/ How the Middle East is suffering on the front lines of climate change]". ''World Economic Forum''. Retrieved 4 February 2020.</ref><ref>Gornall, Jonathan (24 April 2019). [https://www.euractiv.com/section/climate-environment/opinion/with-climate-change-life-in-the-gulf-could-become-impossible/ "With climate change, life in the Gulf could become impossible"]. Euroactive. Retrieved 4 February 2020.</ref><ref>Pal, Jeremy S.; Eltahir, Elfatih A. B. (26 October 2015). "Future temperature in southwest Asia projected to exceed a threshold for human adaptability". ''Nature Climate Change''. '''6''' (2): 197–200. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/nclimate2833|10.1038/nclimate2833.]] [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1758-678X 1758-678X.]</ref> ''Tshedimosetso e e'' ''oketsegileng: [[:en:Climate_change_in_Algeria|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Algeria|seemo sa bosa kwa Algeria]] le [[:en:Climate_change_in_Morocco|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Morocco|seemo sa bosa kwa Morocco]]'' === Aforika Bophirima le Sahel === ''Tshedimosetso e e oketsegileng: [[:en:Climate_change_in_Ghana|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Ghana|seemo sa bosa kwa Ghana]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_Nigeria|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Nigeria|seemo sa bosa kwa Nigeria]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_Senegal|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Senegal|seemo sa bosa kwa Senegal]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_the_Gambia|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_the_Gambia|seemo sa bosa kwa Gambia]], le [[:en:Climate_change_in_Mali|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Mali|seemo sa bosa kwa Mali]]'' Kgaolo ya Bophirima jwa Aforika e ka kgaoganngwa ka dikgaolopotlana di le nne tsa seemo sa bosa e leng Lebopo la Guinea, Soudano-Sahel, Sahel (e e atologelang kwa botlhaba go ya kwa molelwaneng wa Ethiopia) le Sahara,<ref>Agyeman, Richard Yao Kuma; Quansah, Emmannuel; Lamptey, Benjamin; Annor, Thompson; Agyekum, Jacob (2018). [[doi:10.1155/2018/4853681|"Evaluation of CMIP5 Global Climate Models over the Volta Basin: Precipitation]]". ''Advances in Meteorology''. '''2018''' (1): 1–24. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AdMet201853681A 2018AdMet201853681A.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1155/2018/4853681|10.1155/2018/4853681]].</ref> nngwe le nngwe e na le maemo a a farologaneng a seemo sa bosa. Modikologo wa pula ya paka o kgweediwa thata ke motsamao wa borwa–bokone wa [[:en:Intertropical_Convergence_Zone|Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone]] (ITCZ) e e tlhaolwang ke go kopana ga diphefo tse di metsi tsa borwabophirima jwa monsoon le Harmattan e e omileng ya bokonebotlhaba.<ref>Sultan, Benjamin; Janicot, Serge (1 November 2003). "[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282003%29016%3C3407%3ATWAMDP%3E2.0.CO%3B2 The West African Monsoon Dynamics. Part II: The 'Preonset' and 'Onset' of the Summer Monsoon"]. ''Journal of Climate''. '''16''' (21): 3407–3427. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JCli...16.3407S 2003JCli...16.3407S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282003%29016%3C3407%3ATWAMDP%3E2.0.CO%3B2 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016&#x3C;3407:TWAMDP&#x3E;2.0.CO&#x3B;2].</ref> Go ikaegilwe ka pharologano ya pula ya magareng ga dingwaga, dipaka tse tharo tse dikgolo tsa seemo sa bosa di lemogilwe mo godimo ga Sahel: paka e e metsi go tloga ka dingwaga tsa 1950 go ya kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1960 e latelwa ke paka e e omileng go tloga ka dingwaga tsa 1972 go ya ko dingwageng tsa 1990 mme morago ga moo paka go tloga ka dingwaga tsa 1991 go ya pele e e boneng pula e ntsi gape ka selekanyo sengwe.<ref>Le Barbé, Luc; Lebel, Thierry; Tapsoba, Dominique (1 January 2002). "[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282002%29015%3C0187%3ARVIWAD%3E2.0.CO%3B2 Rainfall Variability in West Africa during the Years 1950–90]". ''Journal of Climate''. '''15''' (2): 187–202. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JCli...15..187L 2002JCli...15..187L.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282002%29015%3C0187%3ARVIWAD%3E2.0.CO%3B2 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015&#x3C;0187:RVIWAD&#x3E;2.0.CO&#x3B;2].</ref><ref>Rowell, David P. (2003). "[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282003%29016%3C0849%3Atiomso%3E2.0.co%3B2 The Impact of Mediterranean SSTS on the Sahelian Rainfall Season]". ''Journal of Climate''. '''16''' (5): 849–862. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JCli...16..849R 2003JCli...16..849R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282003%29016%3C0849%3Atiomso%3E2.0.co%3B2 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016&#x3C;0849:tiomso&#x3E;2.0.co&#x3B;2].</ref><ref>Nicholson, Sharon E.; Fink, Andreas H.; Funk, Chris (2018). [[doi:10.1002/joc.5530|"Assessing recovery and change in West Africa's rainfall regime from a 161-year record]]". ''International Journal of Climatology''. '''38''' (10): 3770–3786. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IJCli..38.3770N 2018IJCli..38.3770N.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/joc.5530|10.1002/joc.5530.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:134207640 134207640].</ref> Ka nako ya komelelo, Sahel e ne ya itemogela ditiragalo di le mmalwa tsa komelelo tse di masisi thata, ka ditlamorago tse di senyang.<ref name=":30">Funk, Chris; Fink, Andreas H.; Nicholson, Sharon E. (1 August 2018). [[doi:10.1002/joc.5530|"Assessing recovery and change in West Africa's rainfall regime from a 161-year record"]]. ''International Journal of Climatology''. '''38''' (10): 3770–3786. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IJCli..38.3770N 2018IJCli..38.3770N.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/joc.5530|10.1002/joc.5530.]]</ref><ref>Nicholson, Sharon E. (2013). "[[doi:10.1155/2013/453521|The West African Sahel: A Review of Recent Studies on the Rainfall Regime and Its Interannual Variability]]". ''ISRN Meteorology''. '''2013''': 1–32. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1155/2013/453521|10.1155/2013/453521]].</ref> Dingwagasome tsa sešweng, le tsone di bone koketsego e e magareng ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga fa e sale ka tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa bo 1990. Le fa go ntse jalo, palogotlhe ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga e santse e le kwa tlase thata ga e e lemogilweng ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950.<ref>Panthou, G; Lebel, T; Vischel, T; Quantin, G; Sane, Y; Ba, A; Ndiaye, O; Diongue-Niang, A; Diopkane, M (June 2018). [[doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aac334|"Rainfall intensification in tropical semi-arid regions: the Sahelian case]]". ''Environmental Research Letters''. '''13''' (6) 064013. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ERL....13f4013P 2018ERL....13f4013P.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aac334|10.1088/1748-9326/aac334.]]</ref><ref name=":30" /> Bangwe ba supile dingwagasome tse pedi tsa bosheng jaaka paka ya go boela mannong.<ref>Sanogo, Souleymane; Fink, Andreas H.; Omotosho, Jerome A.; Ba, Abdramane; Redl, Robert; Ermert, Volker (2015). "Spatio-temporal characteristics of the recent rainfall recovery in West Africa". ''International Journal of Climatology''. '''35''' (15): 4589–4605. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJCli..35.4589S 2015IJCli..35.4589S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/joc.4309|10.1002/joc.4309]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129607595 129607595].</ref> Ba bangwe ba bitsa se jaaka paka ya "go gagamatsa ga metsi" ka bontsi jwa koketsego ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga e e tswang mo ditiragalong tse di masisi thata tsa pula mme ka dinako tse dingwe morwalela go na le pula e e nang kgapetsakgapetsa, kgotsa ka tsela e e tshwanang ditiro tse dingwe <ref>L'Hote, Yann; Mahe, Gil; Some, Bonaventure (June 2003). [[doi:10.1623/hysj.48.3.493.45283|"The 1990s rainfall in the Sahel: the third driest decade since the beginning of the century"]]. ''Hydrological Sciences Journal''. '''48''' (3): 493–496. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003HydSJ..48..493L 2003HydSJ..48..493L.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1623/hysj.48.3.493.45283|10.1623/hysj.48.3.493.45283.]]</ref><ref>Nicholson, S. E.; Some, B.; Kone, B. (1 July 2000). [https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282000%29013%3C2628%3AAAORRC%3E2.0.CO%3B2 "An Analysis of Recent Rainfall Conditions in West Africa, Including the Rainy Seasons of the 1997 El Niño and the 1998 La Niña Years]". ''Journal of Climate''. '''13''' (14): 2628–2640. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JCli...13.2628N 2000JCli...13.2628N.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282000%29013%3C2628%3AAAORRC%3E2.0.CO%3B2 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013&#x3C;2628:AAORRC&#x3E;2.0.CO&#x3B;2.]</ref> di thalela tsweletso ya komelelo le fa pula e oketsegile. Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1985, karolo ya masome a mane mo lekgolong tsa baagi di amilwe ke merwalela e le metlhano kgotsa go feta mo dinageng di le lesome le bosupa tsa kgaolo ya Sahel.<ref>Livelihood Security Climate Change, Migration and Conflict in the Sahel {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228014910/http://www.unep.org/pdf/UNEP_Sahel_EN.pdf|date=28 February 2017}} 2011</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2012, go ne ga begwa gore go ne go na le [[:en:2012_Sahel_drought|komelelo e e masisi]] kwa Sahel. Dipuso tsa kgaolo di ne tsa tsiboga ka bonako, tsa simolola maano a go samagana le kgang eno.<ref>Fominyen, George. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120603231542/http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/coming-weeks-critical-to-tackle-sahel-hunger-un-humanitarian-chief/ Coming weeks critical to tackle Sahel hunger – U.N. humanitarian chief]". Thomson Reuters Foundation. Archived from [http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/coming-weeks-critical-to-tackle-sahel-hunger-un-humanitarian-chief the original] on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2012.</ref> Kgaolo e solofetswe go itemogela diphetogo mo pusong ya pula, ka dikai tsa seemo sa bosa tse di akantshang gore phokotsego ya pula ya paka e e metsi e ka nna teng thata kwa bophirima jwa Sahel, le koketsego e ka nna teng kwa bogareng go ya kwa botlhaba jwa Sahel, le fa diphetogo tse di fapaaneng di ise di kgaphelwe kwa thoko.<ref>Rowell, David P.; Senior, Catherine A.; Vellinga, Michael; Graham, Richard J. (2016). "[[doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4|Can climate projection uncertainty be constrained over Africa using metrics of contemporary performance?]]". ''Climatic Change''. '''134''' (4): 621–633. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ClCh..134..621R 2016ClCh..134..621R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4|10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4.]]</ref><ref name=":31">Berthou, Ségolène; Rowell, David P.; Kendon, Elizabeth J.; Roberts, Malcolm J.; Stratton, Rachel A.; Crook, Julia A.; Wilcox, Catherine (August 2019). [[doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04759-4|"Improved climatological precipitation characteristics over West Africa at convection-permitting scales]]". ''Climate Dynamics''. '''53''' (3–4): 1991–2011. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ClDy...53.1991B 2019ClDy...53.1991B.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04759-4|10.1007/s00382-019-04759-4]].</ref><ref name=":1" /> Diphetogo tse di tla ama makgetlo le bokete jwa merwalela, komelelo, [[:en:Desertification|go nna sekaka]], ditsuatsue tsa motlhaba le lerole, dipetso tsa tsie ya sekaka le tlhaelo ya metsi.<ref>[http://abclive.in/ipcc-climate-change-impacts-africa/ "IPCC Sees Severe Climate Change Impacts on Africa]". ABC Live. ABC Live. Retrieved 7 September 2016.</ref><ref>[[:en:Coleen_Vogel|Vogel, Coleen]]. [https://theconversation.com/why-africa-is-particularly-vulnerable-to-climate-change-41775 "Why Africa is particularly vulnerable to climate change"]. ''The Conversation''. Retrieved 7 August 2017.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go sa kgathalesege diphetogo tsa pula e e magareng ya paka, ditsuatsue tse di maatla thata di solofetswe go nna tse di maatla thata, go oketsa makgetlo a morwalela.<ref name=":31" /><ref name=":1" />Mesi e e tokafaditsweng ya khabone le thuthafalo ya lefatshe le yona e ka baka koketsego ya dinako tsa komelelo bogolosegolo go kgabaganya Lebopo la Guinea e e amanang le phokotsego ya dinako tsa metsi ka fa tlase ga maemo a thuthafalo ya lefatshe ya selekanyo sa mogote wa Celcius ya bongwe ntlha tlhano le ya bobedi <ref>Klutse, Nana Ama Browne; Ajayi, Vincent O; Gbobaniyi, Emiola Olabode; Egbebiyi, Temitope S; Kouadio, Kouakou; Nkrumah, Francis; Quagraine, Kwesi Akumenyi; Olusegun, Christiana; Diasso, Ulrich; Abiodun, Babatunde J; Lawal, Kamoru; Nikulin, Grigory; Lennard, Christopher; Dosio, Alessandro (1 May 2018). "[[doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aab37b|Potential impact of 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming on consecutive dry and wet days over West Africa]]". ''Environmental Research Letters''. '''13''' (5) 055013. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ERL....13e5013A 2018ERL....13e5013A]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aab37b|10.1088/1748-9326/aab37b.]]</ref> Karolo ya lesome le botlhano mo lekgolong tsa baagi ba kgaolo ya [[:en:Sahel|Sahel]] le tsone di itemogetse koketsego ya mogote o o fetang selekanyo sa Celcius ye nngwe (1 °C) go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1970 go fitlha ka ngwaga ga 2010. Kgaolo ya Sahel, bogolosegolo, e tla itemogela megote e e kwa godimo tsa palogare mo tsamaong ya ngwagakgolo wa msaome a mabedi le bongwe le diphetogo mo mekgweng ya pula, go ya ka [[:en:Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change|Phanele ya Intergovernmental Climate]] [[:en:Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change|Change]] (IPCC). === Borwa jwa Aforika === ''Tshedimosetso e nngwe: [[:en:Climate_change_in_South_Africa|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_South_Africa|seemo sa bosa mo Aforika Borwa]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_Mozambique|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Mozambique|seemo sa bosa kwa Mozambique]], le [[:en:Climate_change_in_Madagascar|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Madagascar|seemo sa bosa kwa Madagascar]]'' == Go tlwaela == ''Tshedimosetso e nngwe: [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|go tlwaela phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|seemo sa bosa]]'' Go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo mafatsheng a Aforika, dikgato tsa go tlwaela di a tlhokega mo dilekanong tse dintsi – go simolola ka maemo a selegae go ya go a bosetšhaba le a kgaolo.<ref>Climate Analytics. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20221117055339/https://climateanalytics.org/media/schaeffer_et_al__2013__africao__s_a_daptation_gap_technical_report.pdf Africa's Adaptation Gap, Technical Report: Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation Challenges, and Costs for Africa"] (PDF). ''Climate Analytics''. Archived from [https://climateanalytics.org/media/schaeffer_et_al__2013__africao__s_a_daptation_gap_technical_report.pdf the original] (PDF) on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2021.</ref> Kokomane ya ntlha ya mananeo a go tlwaela mo Aforika e ka tlhalosiwa thata jaaka tse dinnye ka tlhago, tse di tsepamisitsweng mo dipeeletsong tse di ikaeletsweng mo temothuong le go anamisa maranyane go tshegetsa go tsaya ditshwetso tsa go tlwaela.<ref>Troni, Jessica (2018). ''Climate change adaptation in Africa: UNDP synthesis of experiences and recommendations''. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1079881730 1079881730].</ref> Bosheng jaana, maiteko a go dira mananeo a lebisitswe gape kwa maitekong a magolo le a a gokagantsweng, go lebagana le dintlha tse di akaretsang makalana a mantsi. Go ya ka patlisiso ya ngwaga wa 2023, karolo ya masome a matlhano le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dibanka tsa Aforika e na le melawana ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e e tlhomilweng, mme karolo ya masome a mabedi le bobedi mo lekgolong e nngwe e rulaganya go tsenya tirisong melawana. Karolo ya masome a marataro le botlhano mo lekgolong ya dibanka ga jaana di akanyetsa kotsi ya seemo sa bosa fa di sekaseka bareki ba bašwa kgotsa mananeo, mme karolo ya masome a mabedi le boraro mo lekgolong e nngwe e solofetse go dira jalo mo isagong.<ref name=":20">Bank, European Investment (27 September 2023). [https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230088-finance-in-africa ''Finance in Africa: Uncertain times, resilient banks: African finance at a crossroads''.] European Investment Bank. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-861-5598-7|978-92-861-5598-7]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Green finance opportunities and products (% of surveyed African banks).png|thumb|Ditšhono tsa [[:en:Eco-investing|matlole a a matala]] le dithoto go tswa kwa dibankeng tse di dirilweng patlisiso mo patlisisong ya [[:en:European_Investment_Bank|Banka ya Dipeeletso ya karolokgolo ya lefatshe e enaleng mafatshe a mantsi ya Europe ya Banka mo Aforika]]<ref name=":21">"[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Green_finance_opportunities_and_products_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png/960px-Green_finance_opportunities_and_products_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png Finance in Africa report finds that banks want to move faster into green lending]". ''European Investment Bank''. Retrieved 10 December 2021.</ref><ref name=":22">Bank, European Investment (18 November 2021). ''[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Green_finance_opportunities_and_products_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png/960px-Green_finance_opportunities_and_products_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png Finance in Africa: for green, smart and inclusive private sector development]''. European Investment Bank. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-861-5063-0|<bdi>978-92-861-5063-0</bdi>.]]</ref>]] Maranyane a a tokafaditsweng a [[:en:Weather_forecasting|ponelopele ya maemo a]] [[:en:Weather_forecasting|tepo loapi]] mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara e botlhokwa go itsise tsibogelo ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa,<ref name=":23">Youds, L.; Parker, D. J.; Adefisan, E. A.; Antwi-Agyei, P.; Bain, C. L.; Black, E. C. L.; Blyth, A. M.; Dougill, A. J.; Hirons, L. C. (13 May 2021). "[http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/174093/ GCRF African SWIFT White Paper Policy Brief: The future of African weather forecasting]". ''eprints.whiterose.ac.uk''. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5518/100/67|10.5518/100/67]]. Retrieved 13 May 2021.</ref> go thusa go tsaya ditshwetso tse di amanang le go tlwaela phetogo ya seemo sa loapi ka sekai.<ref name=":23" /> Ka nako ya [[:en:Conference_of_the_parties|bokopano jwa masome a mabedi le bongwe ya Makoko]] (COP) ka ngwaga wa 2015, ditlhogo tsa mafatshe tsa Aforika di thakgotse [[:en:African_Adaptation_Initiative_(AAI)|Letsholo la Tlwaelo ya Aforika (AAI)]]. Komiti e e tsamaisang ya AAI e bopilwe ke Biro ya Bokopano jwa Ditona tsa Aforika ka ga Tikologo (AMCEN) le modulasetulo wa Setlhopha sa Babuisani ba Aforika (AGN).<ref>"[https://africaadaptationinitiative.org/ AAI]". Retrieved 4 August 2024.</ref> [[:en:African_Adaptation_Solutions_Challenge|Letsholo la go Tlwaela Aforika]] le lone le tshegediwa ke [[:en:European_Union|Kopano ya]] [[:en:European_Union|Europa]].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20210510103326/https://www.africa.undp.org/content/rba/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2020/european-union-ramps-up-support-to-africa-adaptation-initiative-.html European Union ramps up support to Africa Adaptation Initiative]". ''United Nations Development Programme''. 22 January 2020.</ref> Kopano ya Europe e [[:en:African_Union#Africa%E2%80%93EU_relations|dirisane mmogo le Kopano ya Aforika]] mo go rotloetseng taolo ya metswedi e e tswelelang, go [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|itsetsepela mo tikologong]], le go [[:en:Climate_change_mitigation|fokotsa phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_mitigation|seemo sa bosa]]<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance]". Archived from [https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance the original] on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</ref> Mo maemong a kgaolo, melawana le dikgato tse di tshegetsang tlwaelo go ralala Aforika di santse di le mo tshimologong. [[:en:IPCC_Fifth_Assessment_Report|Pegelo ya Botlhano ya Tlhatlhobo ya IPCC]] (AR5) e tlhagisa dikao tsa maano a tiro a a farologaneng a kgaolo a phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, go akaretsa le a a tlhamilweng ke [[:en:Southern_African_Development_Community|Setšhaba sa Tlhabololo sa Borwa jwa Aforika]] (SADC) le Komiti ya Letsha la Victoria.<ref name=":16">''[https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf Africa. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]'' (PDF). 2014.</ref> Mo maemong a bosetšhaba, maiteko a mantsi a go ikamanya a ntlha a ne a gokaganngwa ka [[:en:National_Adaptation_Programme_of_Action|Mananeo a Bosetšhaba a Tiro a go]] [[:en:National_Adaptation_Programme_of_Action|tlwaela]](di-NAPA) kgotsa Maano a Bosetšhaba a Tsibogelo ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa(NCCRS). Go tsenngwa mo tirisong go nnile bonya le fa go ntse jalo, ka katlego e e tlhakaneng mo kgorosong.<ref name=":25">Pardoe, Joanna; Conway, Declan; Namaganda, Emilinah; Vincent, Katharine; Dougill, Andy; Kashaigili, Japhet (2018). "[[doi:10.1080/14693062.2017.1386082|Climate Change and the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Policy and Practice in Tanzania"]]. ''Climate Policy''. '''18''' (7): 863–877. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/14693062.2017.1386082|10.1080/14693062.2017.1386082]].</ref> Kopanyo ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa le thulaganyo e e anameng ya itsholelo le tlhabololo e sa ntse e lekanyeditswe mme e a gola.<ref>Osman-Elasha, Balgis; Downing, Tom (2007). ''Lessons learned in preparing national adaptation programmes of action in Eastern and Southern Africa''. Stockholm Environment Institute.</ref><ref name=":16" /> Mo maemong a bosetšhabapotlana, bathati ba le bantsi ba karolo ya lefatshe ya province le ba mmasepala le bona ba tlhama maano a bone, sekai Leano la Tsibogelo ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa la Bophirima jwa Kapa.<ref>Western Cape Government (2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230220102835/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2015/march/western_cape_climate_change_response_strategy_2014.pdf "Western Cape Climate Change Response Strategy"] (PDF). Archived from [https://www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2015/march/western_cape_climate_change_response_strategy_2014.pdf the original] (PDF) on 20 February 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2021.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, maemo a bokgoni jwa maranyane le didirisiwa tse di leng teng go diragatsa maano ka kakaretso a kwa tlase. Go nnile le tlhokomelo e e bonalang go ralala Aforika e e neetsweng go diragatsa mananeo a tlwaelo a a ikaegileng ka baagi. Go na le tumalano e e anameng ya gore tshegetso ya go tlwaela maemo a selegae e fitlhelelwa botoka ka go simolola ka bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go tlwaela selegae, le go dirisana le kitso le ditiro tsa selegae.<ref>Ofoegbu, Chidiebere; Chirwa, Paxie; Francis, Joseph; Babalola, Folaranmi (15 May 2017). "Assessing vulnerability of rural communities to climate change: A review of implications for forest-based livelihoods in South Africa". ''International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management''. '''9''' (3): 374–386. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2016-0044|10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2016-0044.]] [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:2263/61659|2263/61659]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Climate risk approach (% of surveyed African banks).png|thumb|Maduo a a malebana le mokgwa wa dibanka tsa Aforika wa go lebana le dikotsi tsa seemo sa bosa(karolo mo lekgolong ya dibanka tse di dirilweng patlisiso) go tswa mo patlisisong ya Banka ya Dipeeletso ya Europe ya ngwaga wa 2021]] [[:en:Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change|IPCC]] e tlhagisa mekgwa e le mmalwa e e atlegileng ya go rotloetsa go tlwaela maemo a a atlegileng mo Aforika, e tlhalosa melawana e le metlhano e e tshwanang.<ref name=":16" /> Tseno di akaretsa: # Go tokafatsa tshegetso ya mefuta e e ikemetseng ya go tlwaela; # Go oketsa tlhokomelo mo dikakanyo tsa setso, maitsholo, le ditshwanelo tsa go tlwaela (bogolo jang ka go tsaya karolo ka matlhagatlhaga ga basadi, bašwa, le batho ba ba humanegileng le ba ba mo kotsing mo ditirong tsa go tlwaela) # Go kopanya dikgetho tsa "tsela e e bonolo" le mekgwa ya go ithuta e e fetofetogang le e e ipoeletsang le mekgwa ya maranyane le ya mafaratlhatlha (go akaretsa le go kopanya kitso ya saense, ya selegae, le ya selegae mo go tlhameng maano a go tlwaela) # Go tsepamisa mogopolo mo go tokafatseng go itsetsepela le go diragatsa dikgetho tsa go tlwaela tse di sa ikotlhaeleng; le # Go aga taolo ya go tlwaela le go rotloetsa thulaganyo ya go ithuta ga loago le ga setheo go nna ditiro tsa go tlwaela. Pegelo ya Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Boitekanelo wa "Tlwaelo ya Phetogo ya Tlelaemete mo Aforika Leano la Tiro la Lekala la Boitekanelo la ngwaga wa 2012 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2016"<ref name=":24">World Health Organization. (2012). Adaptation to climate change in Africa plan of action for the health sector 2012–2016. Retrieved from http://www.afro.who.int/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=7699&Itemid=2593</ref> le ikaeletse go "tlamela ka tsibogo e e tseneletseng le e e theilweng mo bosuping e e gokagantsweng ya lekalana la tsa botsogo mo ditlhokegong tsa go ikamanya le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa sa mafatshe a Aforika gore di kgone go tshegetsa ditlamelo tsa di puso tsa Africa"<ref name=":24" /> Leano le akaretsa maikaelelo a a jaaka go oketsa ditiro tsa boitekanelo jwa setšhaba, go gokaganya maiteko mo maemong a boditšhabatšhaba, go nonotsha tirisanommogo le maiteko a tirisanommogo, le go rotloetsa dipatlisiso ka ga ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mmogo le dikgato tse di atlegileng tse di tsewang mo baaging ba selegae go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref name=":24" /> Go ya ka [[:en:International_Monetary_Fund|Letlole la Boditšhabatšhaba la Madi]] (IMF), [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara]] e tlhoka didikadike tsa di dolara di le masome a mararo go ya kwa masomeng a matlhano ya matlole a mangwe ngwaga le ngwaga go ikamanya le ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref name=":22" /><ref>"[https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2021/10/20/pr21306-sub-saharan-africa-one-planet-two-worlds-three-stories Sub-Saharan Africa: One Planet, Two Worlds, Three Stories]". ''IMF''. Retrieved 6 December 2021.</ref><ref>Dept, International Monetary Fund African (15 April 2020). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220523061856/https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/books/086/28915-9781513536835-en/ch02.xml 2. Adapting to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa]''. International Monetary Fund. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-5135-3683-5|<bdi>978-1-5135-3683-5</bdi>.]] Archived from [https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/books/086/28915-9781513536835-en/ch02.xml the original] on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</ref> Matlole a seemo sa bosa kwa Botlhabagare le Bokone jwa Aforika a ne a le didikadike di le di olara di le masome a mararo le bobedi ntlha thataro ( karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong ya palogotlhe ya lefatshe) ka ngwaga wa 2019 le ngwaga wa 2020, fa dipeeletso tsa seemo sa bosa kwa Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara e ne e le didikadike di le di dolara tse masome a mane le boraro ntlha borobaboedi (karolo ya boraro mo lekgolong ya palogotlhe ya lefatshe).<ref name=":20" /><ref>[https://climatefundsupdate.org/publications/climate-finance-regional-briefing-middle-east-and-north-africa-2020/ "Climate Finance Regional Briefing: Middle East and North Africa (2020) - Climate Funds Update]". 15 March 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2023.</ref> Go ya ka thuto ya Banka ya [[:en:European_Investment_Bank|Dipeeletso tsa karolokgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a le mantsi mo teng ya Europe]] ya ngwaga wa 2021 ya Banking in Africa, ditheo tsa Aforika di ntse di ela hloko thata tlhokego ya buisana ka dikotsi tse bakwang ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mme di simolla go dirisa dikgonagalo tsa matlole a a matala. Sekai, karolo ya masome a matlhano le bone mo lekgolong ya dibanka tse di boditsweng mo patlisisong di bone phetogo ya seemo sa bosa jaaka tlhobaboroko ya togamaano, mme go feta karolo ya masome a mane mo lekgolong e ne e na le batho ba ba tsepamisitseng mogopolo mo dintlheng tse di amanang le seemo sa bosa.<ref>Importer, A. P. O. (18 November 2021). [https://africa.businessinsider.com/apo/eib-study-highlights-impact-of-covid-on-african-banks-and-business-financing-and/205d41n "EIB study highlights impact of COVID on African banks and business financing and opportunities for climate finance and digital transformation".] ''Business Insider Africa''. Retrieved 6 December 2021.</ref> Dibanka tsa Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara di godisa ditshupetso tsa tsone tsa maranyane , tse di itlhaganedisitsweng ke leroborobo la COVID-19. Bontsi jwa dibanka tse di botsoloditsweng di boletse gore leroborobo le itlhaganedisitse lebelo la [[:en:Digital_transformation|phetogo ya]] [[:en:Digital_transformation|maranyane]] , le gore phetogo eno e tla nna ya sennelaruri.<ref>[https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2021-165-eib-president-highlights-new-gender-and-digital-investment-initiatives-to-accelerate-economic-recovery-across-africa "EIB President highlights new gender and digital investment initiatives to accelerate economic recovery across Africa]". ''European Investment Bank''. Retrieved 6 December 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.eib.org/attachments/thematic/the_eib_development_report_2021_en.pdf "European Investment Bank Development Report]" (PDF). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210616085058/https://www.eib.org/attachments/thematic/the_eib_development_report_2021_en.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2021.</ref><ref name=":22" /> Bahumanegi le ba ba sa sireletsegang ke bone ba ba tlhaselwang motlhofo thata, mme go ka direga gore badiri ba batswakwa, batshabi le ditlhopha tse dingwe tse di kgaphetsweng kwa thoko ke bone ba ba bogang thata. GDP ka tlhogo ga e kgonagale go boela kwa maemong a ngwaga wa 2019 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2024, ka dikotsi tse di sekamelang kwa tlase, mme mathata a buseditse morago kwelotlase e e bonelwang pele ya palo ya batho ba ba humanegileng, go ya ka IMF. Fa go bapisiwa le diponelopele tsa pele ga mathata, se se ka felela ka gore batho ba bangwe ba le didikadike di le masome a mararo kwa Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara ba tshele mo lehumeng le le feteletseng ka ngwaga wa 2021, mmogo le ba bangwe ba le didikadike di le robongwe kwa lefelong la [[:en:MENA|Botlhabagare jwa Bophirima le Bokone jwa Aforika]] (MENA).<ref>Selassie, Abebe Aemro; Department, Habtamu Fuje IMF African. [https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2021/10/20/na102021-seven-charts-that-show-sub-saharan-africa-at-a-crucial-point "Seven Charts that Show Sub-Saharan Africa at a Crucial Point]". ''IMF''. Retrieved 6 December 2021.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2023, mo e ka nnang nngwe mo borarong jwa matlole otlhe a seemo sa bosa sa Aforika a elela kwa mebarakeng e metlhano e megolo: [[:en:Morocco|Morocco]] (karolo ya bosupa mo lekgolong ya dipeeletso tsa seemo sa bosa ya Aforika ka ngwaga wa 2019 le 2022), [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] (karolo ya bosupa mo lekgolong ), [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]] ( karolo ya bosupa mo lekgolong), Ethiopia ( karolo ya borataro mo lekgolong), le Aforika Borwa (karolo ya botlhano mo lekgolong ).<ref name=":20" /> Mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di fetileng, dipeeletso tse di tlhamaletseng tsa kwa ntle tsa lefatshe ka bophara di wetse tlase ka seelo sa karolo ya boraro mo lekgolong ka ngwaga, ka seabe sa Aforika sa lefatshe se wetse tlase go tswa go karolong ya lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa 2017 go ya kwa tlase ga karolo ya borataro mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa 2021.<ref name=":20" /><ref>"[https://unctad.org/publication/world-investment-report-2023 World Investment Report 2023"]. ''UNCTAD''. Retrieved 31 October 2023.</ref> === Dikgato tsa go tlwaela Aforika Bokone === [[Setshwantsho:Climate change specific personnel (% of surveyed African banks).png|thumb|Badiri ba ba rileng ba phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo dibankeng tsa Aforika tse di dirilweng dipatlisiso mo patlisisong ya Banka ya Dipeeletso ya Europe ya Banka mo Aforika<ref name=":21" /><ref name=":22" /> (% ya dibanka tsa Aforika tse di dirilweng dipatlisiso)]] Diphetogo tse di botlhokwa kwa bokone jwa Aforika di amana le kotsi e e oketsegileng ya tlhaelo ya metsi (e e tlholwang ke kopano ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa se se amang go nna teng ga metsi le tlhokego e e oketsegang). Go fokotsega ga go nna teng ga metsi, ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, go dirisana le megote e e oketsegang go tlhola tlhokego ya go tlwaela mo gare ga tlhagiso ya korong e e fepiwang ka pula. <ref>Hegazy, A. K.; Medany, M. A.; Kabiel, H. F.; Maez, M. M. (2008). "Spatial and temporal projected distribution of four crop plants in Egypt". ''Natural Resources Forum''. '''32''' (4): 316–326. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008NRF....32..316H 2008NRF....32..316H.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00205.x|10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00205.x.]]</ref><ref>Drine, I. (May 2011). [https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/climate-change-compounding-risks-north-africa "Climate Change Compounding Risks in North Africa"]. ''United Nations University-World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER)'' (Working Paper No. 32).</ref> le go fetoga ga kotsi ya malwetse (sekao go tswa mo leishmaniasis).<ref>Bounoua, L.; Kahime, K.; Houti, L.; Blakey, T.; Ebi, K.L.; Zhang, P.; Imhoff, M.L.; Thome, K.J.; Dudek, C. (2013). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3774431 Linking climate to incidence of zoonotic cutaneous Leishmaniasis (L. major) in Pre-Saharan North Africa]". ''International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health''. '''10''' (8) 3172–3191. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013IJERP..10.3172B 2013IJERP..10.3172B.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3390/ijerph10083172|10.3390/ijerph10083172.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png/960px-Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png 3774431]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23912199 23912199].</ref><ref>Toumi, Amine; Chlif, Sadok; Bettaieb, Jihene; Alaya, Nissaf Ben; Boukthir, Aicha; Ahmadi, Zaher E.; Salah, Afif Ben (May 2012). Ozcel, Mehmet Ali (ed.). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3341328 Temporal Dynamics and Impact of Climate Factors on the Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Central Tunisia]". ''PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases''. '''6''' (5) e1633. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png/960px-Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001633]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3341328 3341328]. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png/960px-Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png PMID]&#x20;[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png/960px-Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png 22563513].</ref>Bontsi jwa dikgato tsa puso tsa go tlwaela di ikaegile ka letlhakore la tlamelo ya metsi, sekai ka go ntsha letswai, go fetisetsa magareng ga mekgatsha le kago ya matamo.<ref>Sowers, Jeannie; Vengosh, Avner; Weinthal, Erika (February 2011). "Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa". ''Climatic Change''. '''104''' (3–4): 599–627. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ClCh..104..599S 2011ClCh..104..599S.] doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9835-4|10.1007/s10584-010-9835-4.]] [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10161/6460|10161/6460]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37329318 37329318].</ref> Go fuduga gape go lemogilwe go dira jaaka tlwaelo ya batho le malapa kwa bokone jwa Aforika.<ref>Scheffran, Jürgen; Marmer, Elina; Sow, Papa (April 2012). "Migration as a contribution to resilience and innovation in climate adaptation: Social networks and co-development in Northwest Africa". ''Applied Geography''. '''33''': 119–127. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AppGe..33..119S 2012AppGe..33..119S.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.10.002|10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.10.002.]]</ref> Jaaka dikgaolo tse dintsi, le fa go ntse jalo, dikao tsa kgato ya go tlwaela (go farologana le maikaelelo a go tsaya kgato, kgotsa ditshekatsheko tsa go nna mo kotsing) go tswa kwa Aforika bokone di lekanyeditswe – tshekatsheko e e rulagantsweng e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 2011 e bontshitse gore ke fela sekao se le sengwe mo go tse masome a borobabobedi le bosupa sa go tlwaela se se begilweng se se tswang kwa Aforika Bokone.<ref>Berrang-Ford, Lea; Ford, James D.; Peterson, Jaclyn (2011). "Are we adapting to climate change?". ''Global Environmental Change''. '''21''' (1): 25–33. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011GEC....21...25B 2011GEC....21...25B]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.09.012|10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.09.012.]]</ref> === Dikgato tsa go tlwaela Aforika Bophirima === ''Tshedimosetso e nngwe: [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation_in_Ghana|Go tlwaela phetogo ya]]'' ''[[:en:Climate_change_adaptation_in_Ghana|seemo sa bosa kwa Ghana]]'' Go nna teng ga metsi ke kotsi e e rileng mo Bophirima jwa Aforika , ka ditiragalo tse di feteletseng jaaka komelelo tse di lebisang kwa [[:en:Humanitarian_crisis|mathateng a botho]] a a amanang le mauba a nako le nako, go tlhoka tshireletsego ya dijo, go fuduga ga baagi, go fuduga le dikgotlhang le go tlhoka tshireletsego. Maano a go tlwaela e ka nna a tikologo, setso/temothuo le itsholelo.<ref>Shaibu, M. T.; Alhassan, S. I.; Panyan, E. K.; Avornyo, F. K.; Konlan, S. P.; Salifu, S. (2018). [https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wajae/article/view/182464 "An Assessment of Institutional Importance of Climate Change Adaptation in the Volta River Basin of Northern Ghana".] ''West African Journal of Applied Ecology''. '''26''': 27–40.</ref> Maano a go tlwaela a bonala mo lephateng la temothuo, a mangwe a one a tlhamiwang kgotsa a rotloediwa ke diteišene tsa semmuso tsa dipatlisiso kgotsa tsa ditekelelo.<ref name=":26">Kuwornu, John K. M.; Al-Hassan, Ramatu M.; Etwire, Prince Maxwell; Osei-Owusu, Yaw (2013). [[doi:10.22610/imbr.v5i5.1047|"Adaptation strategies of smallholder farmers to climate change and variability: Evidence from northern Ghana"]]. ''Information Management and Business Review''. '''5''' (5): 233–239. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.22610/imbr.v5i5.1047|10.22610/imbr.v5i5.1047]].</ref> Diphetogo tsa temothuo tsa tlholego tse di lemogilweng kwa bokone jwa Ghana di amana le dijalo, di amana le mmu kgotsa di akaretsa mekgwa ya setso.<ref name=":26" /><ref>Alhassan, S. I.; Shaibu, M. T.; Kuwornu, J. K. M.; Damba, O. T. (2018). "[https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wajae/article/view/182462 Factors Influencing Farmers' Awareness and Choice of Indigenous Practices in Adapting to Climate Change and Variability in Northern Ghana"]. ''West African Journal of Applied Ecology''. '''26''': 1–13.</ref>Diphetogo tsa temothuo tse di ikaegileng ka leruo di akaretsa maano a selegae a a jaaka go fetola bontsi jwa dijo go fepa leruo, go boloka dijo tse di lekaneng mo pakeng e e nang le dijo tse dintsi go fepiwa leruo ka paka e e senang mafura, go alafa dintho ka tharabololo ya makwati a a rileng a ditlhare, le go boloka mefuta ya selegae e e setseng e tlwaetse seemo sa bosa sa Ghana se se setseng se tlwaetse <ref>Shaibu, M. T.; Alhassan, I. S.; Avornyo, F. K.; Lawson, E. T.; Mensah, A.; Gordon, C. (2019). "Perceptions and Determinants of the Adoption of Indigenous Strategies for Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from Smallholder Livestock Farmers, North-West Ghana". In Kuwornu, J. K. M. (ed.). ''Climate Change in Sub-saharan Africa: The vulnerability and adaptation of food supply chains actors''. Vernon Press. pp.&#x20;223–240.</ref>; maranyane a tlhagiso go akaretsa tsadiso, boitekanelo, dijo/kotla le matlo.<ref>"[https://www.fao.org/4/v8180t/v8180t0y.htm A classification of livestock production systems]". ''www.fao.org''. Retrieved 4 August 2024.</ref> Tlhopho le kamogelo ya maano a go tlwaela go ikaegile ka dintlha tse di farologaneng tsa dipalo palojaaka bogolo jwa lelapa, dingwaga, bong le thuto ya tlhogo ya lelapa; dintlha tsa itsholelo jaaka motswedi wa lotseno; bogolo jwa polase; kitso ya dikgetho tsa go tlwaela; le tebelelo ya ditebelelo tsa isago.<ref>Apata, T. G. (2011). "Factors influencing the perception and choice of adaptation measures to climate change among farmers in Nigeria. Evidence from farm households in Southwest Nigeria". ''Environmental Economics''. '''2''' (4): 74–83.</ref> === Dikgato tsa go tlwaela Aforika Botlhaba === Mo Aforika Botlhaba dikgetho tsa go tlwaela di farologane, go akaretsa le go tokafatsa tiriso ya tshedimosetso ya seemo sa bosa , dikgato mo lephateng la temothuo le leruo, le mo lephateng la metsi. Go dirisa botoka tshedimosetso ya seemo sa bosa le maemo a bosa, ponelopele ya maemo a bosa, le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa taolo go kgontsha tshedimosetso ka nako le go ipaakanyetsa ga batho mo makaleng a a jaaka temothuo a a ikaegileng ka dipoelo tsa maemo a bosa. Se se raya go nna le bokgoni jwa tshedimosetso ya metsi le bosa le dithulaganyo tsa tlhagiso ya go sa le gale.<ref>Snow, John (28 October 2016). ''[https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/climate-and-disaster-resilience-/weather-and-climate-systems---africa.html A New Vision for Weather and Climate Services in Africa]''. UNDP.</ref> Go ile ga ngangisanwa ka gore baagi ba tlholego ba na le kitso ka ga diphetogo tsa seemo sa boosa tsa ditso ka matshwao a tikologo (sekao, go tlhagelela le go fuduga ga dinonyane dingwe, dirurubele jalo jalo.), mme ka jalo go rotloetsa kitso ya tlholego go tserwe jaaka leano le le botlhokwa la go tlwaela. Go tlwaela mo lephateng la temothuo<ref>"[https://www.epa.gov/regulatory-information-sector/agriculture-sectors-crop-naics-111-and-animal-naics-112 Agriculture Sectors: Crop (NAICS 111) and Animal (NAICS 112)"]. 22 February 2013.</ref> go akaretsa tiriso e e oketsegileng ya motshotelo le monontsha o o rileng wa dijalo, tiriso ya mefuta e e emelanang le dijalo tse di butswang ka bonako. Motshotelo, mme bogolo jang motshotelo wa diphologolo go akanngwa gore o boloka metsi mme o na le ditshedinnye tse di botlhokwa tse di thubang dikotla go di dira gore di nne teng mo dimeleng, fa di bapisiwa le menontsha ya maitirelo e e nang le metswako e fa e gololwa mo tikologong ka ntlha ya tiriso e e feteletseng e gololang dighese tse di tshwarang mogote mo lefaufaung.<ref>[https://extension.psu.edu/biological-manipulation-of-manure-getting-what-you-want-from-animal-manure "Biological Manipulation of Manure: Getting What You Want from Animal Manure]". ''Penn State Extension''. Retrieved 24 November 2020.</ref> Bothata bongwe jo bogolo jwa lekalana la temothuo mo Aforika Botlhaba ke go ikaega ka temothuo e e nosediwang ka pula.<ref>Hengsdijk, H.; Smit, A. a. M. F. R.; Conijn, J. G.; Rutgers, B.; Biemans, H. (2014). Agricultural crop potentials and water use in East Africa (Report). Plant Research International. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/880257653 880257653].[page needed]</ref> Tharabololo ya go tlwaela ke mekgwa e e dirang sentle ya go nosetsa le poloko le tiriso e e dirang sentle ya metsi. [[:en:Drip_irrigation|Nosetso ya marothodi]] e supilwe bogolosegolo jaaka kgetho e e somarelang metsi ka ge e lebisa metsi kwa moding wa sejalo ka tshenyo e nnye. Mafatshe a a jaaka Rwanda le Kenya a tsentse kwa pele go tlhabolola mafelo a a nosediwang ka dithulaganyo tsa metsi a kgogedi go tswa mo melatswaneng le dinokeng tse di sa feleng mo dikgaolong tse di ka tlhaselwang ke komelelo e e tsayang nako e telele.<ref>Republic of Rwanda. "[https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/rwa01e.pdf NAPA-RWANDA]" (PDF).</ref> Ka nako ya dipula tse di maatla, mafelo a mantsi a itemogela merwalela e e bakiwang ke mabala a a senang sepe ka ntlha ya go rengwa ga dikgwa le go nna le khurumetso e nnye ya lefatshe. Maano a go tlwaela a a ntshiwang mo go se ke go rotloetsa maiteko a tshomarelo mo tshireletsong ya lefatshe, ka go jala ditlhare tsa selegae, go sireletsa mafelo a kgobokanyo ya metsi le go laola mafatshe a phulo ka go aroganya.<ref>Abuya, Robina; Said, Mohammed; Atela, Joanes; Muhwanga, Joseph; Moiko, Stephen; Atieno, Fred; Ndiritu, Simon (2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104609/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kmt-prise-project/ "Contexualising Pathways to Resilience in Kenya's ASALs under the Big Four Agenda]". ''Kenya Markets Trust''. Archived from [http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kmt-prise-project/ the original] on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> Mo lekalaneng la leruo, dikgetho tsa tlwaelo di akaretsa go laola tlhagiso ka [[:en:Sustainable_agriculture|tsamaiso ya lefatshe le mafulo e e tswelelang]] mo dithulaganyong tsa tikologo. Se se akaretsa go rotloetsa mekgwa ya tlhagiso ya bojang le dijo tsa leru sekai ka nosetso le tiriso ya metsi a a phepafaditsweng a matlakala, le go tsepamisa mogopolo mo go beeletseng mo polokelong ya bojang go dirisiwa ka dipaka tsa komelelo. Go rua leruo go tsewa e le tsela ya go itshetsa go na le go nna tiro ya itsholelo. Go ralala mafatshe otlhe a Botlhaba jwa Aforika bogolosegolo mo dikgaolong tsa ASALs, go ngangisanwa ka gore go rotloetsa kgwebo ya leruo ke kgetho ya go tlwaela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104609/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/political-economy-analysis-of-kenyas-livestock-sector-abridged-version/ "Political Economy Analysis of Kenya's Livestock Sector (Abridged Version)"]. ''Kenya Markets Trust''. Archived from [http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/political-economy-analysis-of-kenyas-livestock-sector-abridged-version/ the original] on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> Se se akaretsa go amogela dikai tsa itsholelo mo tlhagisong ya dijo tsa leruo, go latedisa diphologolo, go rotloetsa tlhokego ya ditlhagiswa tsa leruo jaaka nama, mashi le letlalo le go golaganya le mebaraka e e kgethegileng go tokafatsa dikgwebo le go tlamela ka lotseno lo lo ka dirisiwang.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104612/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kenya-meat-end-market-trends-study/ Kenya Meat End-Market Trends Study]". ''Kenya Markets Trust''. Archived from [http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kenya-meat-end-market-trends-study/ the original] on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> Mo lekalaneng la metsi, dikgetho di akaretsa tiriso e e siameng ya metsi mo malapeng, diphologolo le tiriso ya madirelo le tshireletso ya metswedi ya metsi. Matsholo a a jaaka go jala ditlhare tsa tlholego mo [[:en:Catchment_area|mafelong a metsi a kokoanngwang]], go laola ditiro tsa batho gaufi le mafelo a a kokoanyang metsi bogolo jang temothuo le bonno a dirilwe go thusa go sireletsa metswedi ya metsi le go bona phitlhelelo ya metsi go baagi bogolosegolo ka nako ya ditshupo tsa seemo sa bosa. '''Comoros''' – "NAPA ke katoloso ya tiro ya Pampiri ya Togamaano ya Phokotso ya Lehuma (PRSP), ka gonne e akaretsa gareng ga ditlapele tsa yone tsa go tlwaela, temothuo, go tshwara ditlhapi, metsi, matlo, boitekanelo, mme gape le bojanala, ka tsela e e sa tlhamalalang, Ka go busetsa popego ya mekgatšha ya mekgokolosa ya dithaba le go lwantsha kgogolego ya mmu, go sirelediwa mafika ka go fokotsa go tladiwa ga ona ke seretse le mmu tse di tlisiwang ke lefatshe.<ref>"&#x5B;[https://www.preventionweb.net/files/8507_com01e.pdf pdf]&#x5D;" (PDF). ''www.preventionweb.net''.</ref>" '''Lefatshe la Kenya''' e gatisitse Molao wa Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa, ka ngwaga wa 2016 o o tlhomang bothati jwa go okamela tlhabololo, taolo, tiragatso le taolo ya mekgwa ya go tokafatsa nonofo ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa le tlhabololo e e kwa tlase ya khabone go bona tlhabololo e e tswelelang, ke Mebuso ya Bosetšhaba le ya Dikgaolo, lekala le e seng la puso le setšhaba se sengwe sa baagi,. Kenya gape e tlhamile Leanotiro la Bosetšhaba la Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa(NCCAP 2018–2022 Le bolokilwe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2019 kwa [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Motšhineng wa Wayback]]) le le ikaeletseng go tsweletsa maikaelelo a tlhabololo a lefatshe ka go tlamela ka mekgwa le dikgato tsa go fitlhelela tlhabololo e e kgonang go emelana le seemo sa bosa se se nang le khabone e e kwa tlase ka tsela e e dirang gore go nne le khabone e e kwa tlase. === Dikgato tsa go tlwaela Aforika Bogare === '''Angola''' – "Maikaelelo a Mananeo a Bosetšhaba a Tiro a go Tlwaetsa Maemo ke go supa le go itsise ka ditlhokego tse di potlakileng le tsa ka bonako tsa lefatshe mabapi le go tlwaela phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, go oketsa nonofo ya Angola mo diphetogong tsa seemo sa bosa le mo phetogong ya seemo sa bosa go netefatsa phitlhelelo ya mananeo a phokotso ya lehuma, tlhabololo e e tswelelang pele Puso."<ref>''Analysis of Human Rights Language in the Cancun Agreements UNFCCC 16th Session of the Conference of the Parties'', [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9986-0022|10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9986-0022]]</ref> === Dikgato tsa go tlwaela borwa jwa Aforika === Go nnile le maiteko a le mmalwa mo dilekanong tsa selegae (tse di kgethegileng tsa lefelo), tsa selegae, tsa bosetšhaba le tsa kgaolo tse di ikaeletsweng go matlafatsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa. Dingwe tsa tsone ke: Lenaneo la Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa la Kgaolo (RCCP),<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20220808044011/https://oneworldgroup.co.za/oneworld-projects/southern-african-regional-climate-change-programme-rccp/ Regional Climate Change Programme, Southern Africa]". ''OneWorld''. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> SASSCAL,<ref>"[http://www.sasscal.org/ SASSCAL – Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management]". Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> ASSAR,<ref>"[http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/ Adaptation at Scale in Semi-Arid Regions]". ''www.assar.uct.ac.za''. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> Tlwaelo ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa ya [[:en:United_Nations_Development_Programme|UNDP]],<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190808131738/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/southern-africa Southern Africa]". ''UNDP Climate Change Adaptation''. Archived from [https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/southern-africa the original] on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> RESILIM,<ref>''Risk, Vulnerability & Resilience in the Limpopo River basin: Climate Change, water and biodiversity – a synthesis''. OneWorld. 2015.</ref> <ref>''Resilience in the Limpopo Basin (RESILIM) Program''. Chemonics International Inc. 2017.</ref>FRACTAL.<ref>"[http://www.fractal.org.za/ FRACTAL — Future Resilience for African CiTies And Lands]". Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> Aforikaborwa e tsentse tirisong Lenaneo la Patlisiso la Ditiragalo tsa Paka e Telele la Tlwaelo (LTAS) go tloga ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2012 go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa 2014. Patlisiso e gape e ne ya tlhagisa dipampiri tsa dintlha le pegelo ya maranyane e e akaretsang kgaolo ya SADC e e bidiwang "Tlwaelo ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa bosa: Dipono tsa [[:en:Southern_African_Development_Community|Baagi ba Tlhabololo ya]] [[:en:Southern_African_Development_Community|Borwa jwa Aforika]] (SADC].<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20201124013002/https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/ltasfactsheet_perspectiveforSADC.pdf Climate change adaptation: Southern African Development Community (SADC])'' (PDF). Archived from [https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/ltasfactsheet_perspectiveforSADC.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2021.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Madagascar''' – makalana a a tlang pele a go tlwaela ke: temothuo le leruo, dikgwa, boitekanelo jwa setšhaba, metswedi ya metsi le dikgaolo tsa lebopo.<ref>"[http://www.ldc-climate.org/country/madagascar/ Madagascar]". ''LDC Climate Change''. 6 January 2018.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Malawi''' – NAPA e supa tse di latelang jaaka ditiro tse di botlhokwa thata tsa go tlwaela seemo sa bosa: "Go tokafatsa nonofo ya baagi mo phetogong ya seemo sa bosa ka tlhabololo ya matshelo a a tswelelang kwa magaeng, Go busetsa dikgwa mo dikgobokelong tsa metsi tsa Upper le Lower Shire Valleys go fokotsa go tlhotlhorega ga seretse le mathata a a amanang le kelelo ya metsi, Go tokafatsa tlhagiso ya temothuo le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, Go ipaakanyetsa ga Malawi go samagana le komelelo le merwalela, le Go tokafatsa go ela tlhoko seemo sa bosa go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa Malawi jwa go tlhagisa go sa le gale le go tsaya ditshwetso le tiriso e e tswelelang ya ditsompelo tsa [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Letsha la Malawi]] le mafelo a a mo lotshitshing lwa letsha<ref>[http://www.unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/mwi01.pdf "REPUBLIC OF MALAWI. MALAWI'S NATIONAL ADAPTATION PROGRAMMES OF ACTION (NAPA]) ." (PDF).</ref>". Mme go ya ka Pegelo ya Seemo sa Bosa le Tlhabololo ya Lefatshe ya Banka ya Lefatshe (CCDR) ya Malawi, e ka "tsaya dikgato tsa go simolola dipeeletso mo mafaratlhatlheng a a kgonang go emelana le tlelaemete le go emisa go senyega ga lefatshe le go latlhegelwa ke dikgwa go tokafatsa ntshodikuno ya temothuo le go tshwara khabone" <ref>"[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/10/27/climate-informed-economic-development-key-to-malawi-s-future-growth-and-resilience Climate-Informed Economic Development Key to Malawi's Future Growth and Resilience]". ''World Bank''.</ref>". '''Lefatshe la Mauritius''' – tlwaelo e tshwanetse go samagana le mafelo a a latelang a a tlang pele: metswedi ya lebopo, temothuo, metswedi ya metsi, botshwaraditlhapi, boitekanelo le itekanelo, [[:en:Land_use_change|phetogo ya tiriso ya lefatshe]] le dikgwa le mefutafuta ya ditshedi.<ref>"[https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/mauritius Mauritius]". ''UNDP Climate Change Adaptation''. 27 November 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Mozambique''' – "Maiteko a a tshitshintsweng a go tlwaela maemo a lebile mafelo a a farologaneng a tlhabololo ya itsholelo le loago, mme a tlhalosa mananeo tse di amanang le phokotso ya ditlamorago tsa masetlapelo a tlholego, go tlhama dikgato tsa go tlwaela phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, go lwantsha kgogolego ya mmu mo mafelong a a nang le sekaka se se kwa godimo le dikgaolo tsa mabopo, go jala dikgwa sešwa le go laola metsi." '''Lefatshe la Rwanda''' e tlhamile Lenaneo la Tiro la Bosetšhaba la Tlwaelo (NAPA 2006) le le nang le tshedimosetso ya go kaela badirapholisi ba bosetšhaba le barulaganyi ka ga makoa a a tlang pele le tlwaelo mo makaleng a a botlhokwa a itsholelo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220207011141/https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/rwanda_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf "Climate Change Adaptation in Rwanda]" (PDF). ''USAID''. January 2012.</ref> Naga gape e tlhamile melawana e e ikaegileng ka lekalana ka ga go ikamanya le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa jaaka Ponelopele ya ngwaga wa [[:en:Vision_2020_(Rwanda)|2020]], Melawana ya Bosetšhaba ya Tikologo le Melawana ya Temothuo gareng ga tse dingwe.<ref>Ochieng, Cosmas; Khaemba, Winnie; Mwaniki, Ruchathi; Kimotho, Stephen (September 2017). ''Climate Change Adaptation in Rwanda's Agricultural Sector: A Case Study from Kirehe District, Eastern Province''. Defending the Voiceless - Climate and Environmental Justice in Africa.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Tanzania''' – Tanzania e tlhalositse dikgato tsa tlwaelo tse di tlang pele mo NAPA ya bona, le maano a a farologaneng a lekala la bosetšhaba le dipholo tsa patlisiso.<ref>USAID. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20211231235521/https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/tanzania_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf Climate Change Adaptation in Tanzania]" (PDF). ''USAID''.</ref> NAPA e atlegile mo go rotloetseng phetogo ya seemo sa bosa go tsenngwa mo melawaneng ya lekalana kwa Tanzania; le fa go ntse jalo, tirisanommogo ya makala a a farologaneng e e botlhokwa mo go tsenyeng tirisong maano a go ikamanya e santse e lekanyeditswe ka ntlha ya dikgwetlho tsa setheo tse di jaaka go sa lekalekane ga maatla, dikgoreletsi tsa tekanyetsokabo le mokgwa o o tseneletseng wa makala.<ref name=":25" /> Bontsi jwa mananeo a kwa Tanzania a amana le temothuo le taolo ya metswedi ya metsi (nosetso, go somarela metsi, go kokoanya metsi a pula); le fa go ntse jalo, maatla le bojanala le tsone di na le seabe se se botlhokwa.<ref>"[https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania United Republic of Tanzania]". ''UNDP Climate Change Adaptation''. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Zambia''' – "NAPA e supa ditlhokego di le masome a mararo le borobabongwe tsa go tlwaela maemo a a potlakileng le mafelo a le lesome a a tlang pele mo makaleng a temothuo le tshireletsego ya dijo (leruo, botshwaraditlhapi le dijalo), maatla le metsi, boitekanelo jwa batho, metswedi ya tlholego le diphologolo tsa lefatshe."<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190829030222/http://theredddesk.org/countries/plans/national-adaptation-programme-action-climate-change-zambia National Adaptation Programme of Action on Climate Change (Zambia)]". ''The REDD Desk''. Archived from the original on 29 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Zimbabwe''' – "Ditsereganyo tse dingwe tsa togamaano tsa thulaganyo ya NAP e tla nna: Go nonotsha seabe sa lekala le e seng la puso mo thulaganyong ya tlwaelo, Go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa Puso jwa go tlhama mananeo a a ka dirisiwang mo bankeng ka dikatiso, Go tokafatsa taolo ya tshedimosetso ya lemorago ya seemo sa bosa go sedimosa thulaganyo ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa jaaka leano la boditšhabatšhaba la go supa matlole le go kokoanya seemo sa bosa dikopo tsa matlole di tsiboga thata ga jaana, di tlhomile mogopolo mo thusong ya tshoganyetso go na le go fokotsa dikotsi tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, go ipaakanyetsa le go tlwaela, Go tlhama melawana e e gokagantsweng ya go ela tlhoko le go sekaseka mananeo le mananeo, ka gonne ditheo di le dintsi mo teng ga puso ga jaanong jaana ga di na mokgwa o o rulagantsweng wa go ela tlhoko le go sekaseka."<ref>"[http://www.napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/napgn-en-2019-nap-roadmap-for-zimbabwe.pdf National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Roadmap for Zimbabwe]" (PDF). ''NAP Global Network''. April 2019.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Lesotho''' – "Maikaelelo a konokono a thulaganyo ya NAPA a akaretsa: go supa baagi le matshelo a a mo [[:en:Climate_change_vulnerability|kotsing thata ya phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_vulnerability|seemo sa bosa]] , go tlhama lenaane la ditiro tse di tla bopang konokono ya lenaneo la bosetšhaba la tiro la go tlwaela seemo sa bosa, le go tlhaeletsana ka ditlhokego tsa lefatshe tsa ka bonako le tse di potlakileng le ditlapele tsa go aga bokgoni jwa go tlwaela phetogo ya seemo sa bosa].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20221006210644/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/sites/default/files/downloads/lso_napa.pdf Lesotho's National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) on Climate Change]" (PDF). Archived from [http://www.adaptation-undp.org/sites/default/files/downloads/lso_napa.pdf the original] (PDF) on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2024.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Namibia''' – dithito tsa kgang tse di botlhokwa tsa go tlwaela ke "Tshireletsego ya dijo le motheo wa metswedi ya ditshedi o o tswelelang, Motheo wa metswedi ya metsi o o tswelelang, Boitekanelo le boitekanelo jwa batho le tlhabololo ya Mafaratlhatlha.<ref>''Youth Files Climate Case with India's Environmental Court''. Our Children's Trust. 2017. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1163/9789004322714_cclc_2017-0228-011|10.1163/9789004322714_cclc_2017-0228-011.]] [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1312587857 1312587857].</ref> '''Lefatshe la Aforikaborwa''' e amogetse ka kgwedi ya Phatweka ngwaga wa 2020 Leano la yona la Bosetšhaba la go Ikamanya le Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa,<ref>"[https://www.dffe.gov.za/mediarelease/nationalclimatechange_adaptationstrategy_ue10november19 South Africa's National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy approved]". ''[[:en:Department_of_Environment,_Forestry_and_Fisheries|Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries]]''. 18 August 2020.</ref> le le "dirang jaaka ntlha e e tlwaelesegileng ya maiteko a go ikamanya le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo Aforikaborwa, mme le tlamela ka serala se mo go sona maikaelelo a bosetšhaba a go ikamanya le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa a lefatshe a ka tlhalosiwang gore go tlamelwe ka kaelo e e akaretsang ya itsholelo yotlhe<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20211104030516/https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/nationalclimate_changeadaptation_strategyforcomment_nccas.pdfhttps://web.archive.org/web/20211104030516/https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/nationalclimate_changeadaptation_strategyforcomment_nccas.pdf National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy – Republic of South Africa"] (PDF). Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20211104030516/https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/nationalclimate_changeadaptation_strategyforcomment_nccas.pdf the original] (PDF) on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2019.</ref> == Kitso ya selegae le dipopo tse dintshwa tsa selegae == Le fa mananeo a magolo a puso le matlole a boditšhabatšhaba a kgweetsa melawana e e megolo ya seemo sa bosa, baagi ba letsatsi le letsatsi go ralala Aforika ba ikaegile thata ka kitso ya setso ya tikologo ya tlholego(TEK) go tshela.<ref name=":32">Antwi-Agyei, Philip; Nyantakyi-Frimpong, Hanson (27 January 2021). [[doi:10.3390/su13031308|"Evidence of Climate Change Coping and Adaptation Practices by Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana]]". ''Sustainability''. '''13''' (3): 1308. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Sust...13.1308A 2021Sust...13.1308A.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3390/su13031308|10.3390/su13031308.]] [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2071-1050 2071-1050].</ref> Se ke setlhopha sa go tlhaloganya, bokgoni, le dithuto tsa kitso tse di tlhamilweng ke baagi ba selegae mo dingwageng di le makgolokgolo ka go kopana ka tlhamalalo le tlholego. Mekgwa e e e lekilweng ka nako e fa batho ditsela tsa lefelo leo, tse di mosola tsa go bonela pele maemo a bosa, go somarela metsi le go dira gore temothuo e tswelele e tshela le fa seemo sa bosa se fetoga. === Ponelopele ya seemo sa bosa e e tlwaelegileng === Nako e telele pele ga megala ya letheka ya segompieno le di-app tsa segompieno tsa maemo a bosa, baagi ba kwa magaeng ba ba lemang le go disa ba ne ba dirisa ditsela tsa bone tsa go bonela pele seemo sa bosa. Bomankge ba lefelo leo ba ela tlhoko ka kelotlhoko dintlha tse di ka thusang mo lefatsheng la tlholego go bonela pele dikomelelo kgotsa dipula tse di maatla, tse di jaaka: * Ditsela tsa go fuduga ka tshoganyetso ga dinonyane tsa lefelo leo. * Nako e e tlhomameng ya ngwaga e ditlhare dingwe di simololang go thunya ka yone. * Go fetoga ga tsela e phefo e tsamayang ka yone le go bonala ga dinaledi bosigo. Sekao, ditlhopha tsa badisa mo Aforika Botlhaba di lebelela ka fao leruo la bona le itshwarang ka teng le go latedisa metsamao ya diphologolo tsa naga go swetsa gore ke ditsela dife tse ba ka di tsayang, go netefatsa gore diphologolo tsa bona di bona metsi le bojang ka nako ya komelelo.<ref>Alemayehu, Dejene; Hizkeal, Yitebarek (30 June 2022). "[https://www.jaeid.it/index.php/jaeid/article/view/12295 The Relevance and Practices of Indigenous Weather Forecasting Knowledge among the Gabra Pastoralists of Southern Ethiopia]". ''Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development (JAEID)''. '''116''' (1): 59–76. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.36253/jaeid-12295|10.36253/jaeid-12295.]] [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2240-2802 2240-2802.]</ref> Gompieno, baitseanapa ba saense ba lemoga gore go kopanya dintlha tseno tsa setso le saense ya segompieno ya maemo a bosa go dira ditlhagiso tse tota balemirui ba lefelo leo ba di tshepang le go di dirisa. === Ditsela tsa tshomarelo ya mmu le metsi === Mo mafelong a a lebaganeng le dikaka tse di atologa le pula e e sa bonelwang pele, baagi ba busitse mekgwa e e botlhale ya bogologolo ya go laola lefatshe.<ref name=":33">Salack, Seyni; Sanfo, Safiétou; Sidibe, Moussa; Daku, Elidaa K.; Camara, Ibrahima; Dieng, Mame Diarra Bousso; Hien, Koufanou; Torou, Bio Mohamadou; Ogunjobi, Kehinde O.; Sangare, Sheick Ahmed Khalil S. B.; Kouame, Konan Raoul; Koffi, Yao Bernard; Liersch, Stefan; Savadogo, Moumini; Giannini, Alessandra (25 October 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9596419 "Low-cost adaptation options to support green growth in agriculture, water resources, and coastal zones]". ''Scientific Reports''. '''12''' (1) 17898. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NatSR..1217898S 2022NatSR..1217898S.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22331-9|10.1038/s41598-022-22331-9.]] [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322 2045-2322.] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9596419 9596419]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36284114 36284114].</ref> Mo kgaolong ya Sahel, bogolosegolo kwa Burkina Faso le Niger, balemibarui ba dirisa ka bophara thulaganyo ya bogologolo ya go epa e e bidiwang '''Zaï'''<ref name=":34">L. Woomer, Paul; Roobroeck, Dries; Yelognisse Alia, Didier (29 March 2023), "[https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/81496 Blending Climate Action and Rural Development in Africa's Sahel]", in Özçatalbaş, Orhan (ed.), ''Sustainable Rural Development Perspective and Global Challenges'', IntechOpen, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5772/intechopen.103817|10.5772/intechopen.103817]], [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-80355-420-4|<bdi>978-1-80355-420-4</bdi>,]] retrieved 6 June 2026</ref> Go na le go lema tshimo e e sephaphathi, balemibarui ba epa mesima e e boteng mo mmung o o thata mme ba tlatse botlase ka dilo tsa ditshedi jaaka motshotelo. Moakanyetso o o botlhale o o dira dilo tse pedi: o tshwara lerothodi lengwe le lengwe la metsi a pula a a thata go bonwa, mme motshotelo o gogela metlhwa, e e epang dikgogometso tse di ka fa tlase ga lefatshe tse ka tlhago di bofololang mmu o o thata gore medi e kgone go gola.<ref name=":34" /> Balembarui gape ba aga dithapo tsa matlapa tse e leng mabota a a kwa tlase a matlapa go bapa le dikhubu tsa tlhago tsa dithota tsa bona. Fa ka tshoganetso, dipula tse di maatla di itaya, mela eno ya matlapa e fokotsa lebelo la metsi a a potlakileng, e e thibela go tlhatswa mmu o o siameng o o kwa godimo le go e naya nako ya go ina mo mmung.<ref name=":33" /> Kwa borwa le botlhaba jwa Aforika, baagi ba dirisa dikgwa tsa temothuo tsa setso ka go boloka ditlhare tse di rileng, jaaka ''Faidherbia albida'', mo teng ga masimo a bona a dijalo. Ditlhare tseno di ntsha matlhare ka paka ya dipula mme di a godise ka paka ya komelelo, go kaya gore ga di thibele lesedi la letsatsi go tswa mo dijalong; go na le moo, ka tlhago di oketsa dikotla mo mmung le go fokotsa dithemphoritšhara tsa mmu ka nako ya makhubu a mogote.<ref>Haskett, Jonathan D.; Simane, Belay; Smith, Caitlin (1 November 2019). [[doi:10.3389/fenvs.2019.00146|"Energy and Climate Change Mitigation Benefits of Faidherbia albida Agroforestry in Ethiopia]]". ''Frontiers in Environmental Science''. '''7''' 146. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019FrEnS...7..146H 2019FrEnS...7..146H.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3389/fenvs.2019.00146|10.3389/fenvs.2019.00146]]. ISSN&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2296-665X 2296-665X].</ref> === Go farologanya dijalo le go somarela peo === Go netefatsa gore ga di latlhegelwe ke dijo tsotlhe tsa tsone ka nako e telele ya komelelo, balemibarui ba selegae ba dira jaaka borasaense ba bone ka go boloka dipeo tsa naga.<ref>Aniah, Philip; Kaunza-Nu-Dem, Millar Katherine; Ayembilla, Joseph A. (April 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6479268 "Smallholder farmers' livelihood adaptation to climate variability and ecological changes in the savanna agro ecological zone of Ghana]". ''Heliyon''. '''5''' (4) e01492. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Heliy...501492A 2019Heliy...501492A.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01492|10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01492]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6479268 6479268]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31049426 31049426].</ref> Dipeo tsa segompieno tsa kgwebo gantsi di tlhoka selekanyo se se itekanetseng sa metsi le menontsha e e turang gore di kgone go tshela. Go farologana le seo, dijalo tsa setso tse di jaaka mmidi wa perela, mabele le lebelebele di ile tsa tlwaela mo makgolong a dingwaga go emelana le komelelo le disenyi ka tlhago. Baagi ba tsamaisa dibanka tsa peo tsa selegae go abelana mefuta e e thata e gore mongwe le mongwe a nne le dijalo tse di tshwanelang maemo a bosa a selegae a bona a a fetogang.<ref name=":32" /> Gape ba dira dijalo tse di farologaneng, se se rayang go jala dijalo tse di farologaneng go bapa le tse dingwe, jaaka mmidi o o nang le dinawa tsa kgomo.<ref name=":33" /> Dinawa tse di nang le matlhare di dira moriti mo mmung go o boloka o le bongola, go netefatsa gore le fa mmidi o ka swa ka ntlha ya mogote, malapa a santse a na le sejalo sa tlaleletso go se roba. == Setšhaba le setso == === Go tlhoka tekatekano mo patlisisong ya seemo sa bosa === Le fa Aforika e tlile go nna nngwe ya karolo kgolo ya Lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mantsi mo teng tse di amiwang thata ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, go tlhoka tekatekano go go rulagantsweng le go tlhoka tekatekano go gongwe go go amanang le dipatlisiso tsa saense le matlole go raya gore bonnye fela jwa saense e e gatisitsweng ka ga phetogo ya seemo sa bosa le matlole a dipatlisiso tsa seemo sa bosa ke a borasaense ba Aforika.<ref name=":35">"[https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-the-lack-of-diversity-in-climate-science-research Analysis: The lack of diversity in climate-science research]". ''Carbon Brief''. 5 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</ref> Tshekatsheko ya madi a dipatlisiso go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1990 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2020 a phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, e fitlhetse gore karolo ya masome a supa le borobabobedi mo lekgolong ya dipatlisiso tsa madi a dipatlisiso ka ga phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo Aforika a ne a dirisiwa mo ditheong tsa Yuropa le Bokone jwa Amerika mme go le gontsi go ne ga dirisiwa mo dikoloning tsa pele tsa lefatshe la Britain go feta mafatshe a mangwe.<ref>Overland, Indra; Fossum Sagbakken, Haakon; Isataeva, Aidai; Kolodzinskaia, Galina; Simpson, Nicholas Philip; Trisos, Christopher; Vakulchuk, Roman (14 September 2022). [[doi:10.1080/17565529.2021.1976609|"Funding flows for climate change research on Africa: where do they come from and where do they go?"]]. ''Climate and Development''. '''14''' (8): 705–724. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022CliDe..14..705O 2022CliDe..14..705O]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/17565529.2021.1976609|10.1080/17565529.2021.1976609]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11250/2832233|11250/2832233]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244210557 244210557].</ref> Mokgwa o wa [[:en:Parachute_science|saense ya diparachute]], ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe ka bobedi o thibela babatlisisi ba selegae go dira tiro e e kgolo, ka gonne ga ba na matlole a ditiro tsa ditekelelo mme o fokotsa peeletso mo megopolong ya babatlisisi ba selegae le mo ditlhogong tse di botlhokwa mo Borwa jwa Lefatshe Lotlhe, jaaka [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|go tlwaela phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|seemo sa bosa]].<ref name=":35" /> Ditshekatsheko tse di nepagetseng tsa go tswelela di gwetlha ka ntlha ya go tlhoka matlhomeso a dipeeletso tse di tswelelang, mmogo le dithibelo tsa tshedimosetso le bokgoni jwa botsamaisi. Ga jaana, a a kwa tlase ga halofo ya matlole a a kwa godimo a phenšene a Aforika a bega tshedimosetso ka ga dipholisi tsa tsweletso le tiragatso.<ref>European Investment Bank (2022). Unlocking Sustainable Private Sector Growth in the Middle East and North Africa. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1596/37601|10.1596/37601.]] [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:20.500.12657/57821|20.500.12657/57821.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-861-5220-7|978-92-861-5220-7]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250211092 250211092].[page needed]</ref><ref name=":20" /> [[:en:United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development|Bokopano jwa Ditšhabakopano ka ga Kgwebisano le Tlhabololo]] - Maemo a Boditšhabatšhaba a Boikarabelo le Pegelo (UNCTAD-ISAR) e tlhomile Tirisanommogo ya Kgaolo ya Aforika ya Tsweletsopele le Pegelo ya SDG ka ngwaga wa 2022. Tirisanommogo e na le maloko a le masome a mararo go tloga ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2023, go akaretsa le mafaratlhatlha a bosetšhaba a dikompone tsa loago/ maikarabelo a loago a dikompone le/ kgotsa ditona go tswa ka mafatsheng a le masome a mabedi le bosupa a Aforika.<ref name=":20" /><ref>"[https://unctad.org/isar/meeting/african-regional-partnership-meeting-sustainability-and-sdg-reporting African Regional Partnership meeting on sustainability and SDG reporting]". ''UN Trade and Development''. Retrieved 31 October 2023.</ref><ref>[https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/osg2023d1_en.pdf "UNCTAD ANNUAL REPORT 2022"] (PDF).</ref> == Bona gape == * [[:en:Ecotourism_in_Africa|Bojanala jwa tikologo mo Aforika]] * [[:en:Water_scarcity_in_Africa|Tlhaelo ya metsi mo Aforika]] == Metswedi == f91nmr9354f9dq2gffn35j1ymfitwwx 0 10154 56298 54965 2026-10-05T17:04:03Z Orbitminis 11627 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/54965|54965]] by [[Special:Contributions/Chotlho|Chotlho]] ([[User talk:Chotlho|talk]]) removing those basic things like picture and categories are considered shameful. stop oversimplifying! 56298 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Meteosat-12-fci-march-equinox-2025-noon.jpg|thumb|Lefatshe]] '''Lefatshe''' (letshwao: [[file:earth symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|🜨]]) ke polanete ya boraro go tswa mo Letsatsing mme ke sone fela selo sa bolepadinaledi se se itsiweng se na le botshelo. Seno se kgontshiwa ke gore Lefatshe ke lefatshe la lewatle, e le lone fela mo Thulaganyong ya Letsatsi le le tshegetsang metsi a a metsi a a mo godimo ga lefatshe. Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a Lefatshe a mo lewatleng la lone la lefatshe lotlhe, a akaretsa 70.8% ya legogo la Lefatshe. 29.2% e e setseng ya legogo la Lefatshe ke lefatshe, bontsi jwa lone bo mo sebopegong sa di-landmass tsa kontinente mo teng ga hemisphere ya lefatshe ya Lefatshe. Bontsi jwa lefatshe la Lefatshe bobotlana bo bongola go sekae mme bo khurumeditswe ke dimela, fa matlhare a magolo a aese kwa dikaka tsa polara tsa Lefatshe a boloka metsi a mantsi go feta metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe a Lefatshe, makadiba, dinoka le metsi a lefaufau di kopantswe. Legogo la lefatshe le na le dipolata tsa tectonic tse di tsamayang ka iketlo, tse di dirisanang mmogo go dira metseletsele ya dithaba, makgwamolelo le dithoromo tsa lefatshe. Lefatshe le na le karolo e e kwa ntle e e metsi e e dirang gore go nne le magnetosphere e e kgonang go faposa bontsi jwa diphefo tse di senyang tsa letsatsi le marang a lobopo. [[category:Bolepadinaledi]] e43r29rct46chziyj7fx379kmma5lgw 0 11099 56287 42599 2026-10-05T15:39:43Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56287 wikitext text/x-wiki Pharologano ya metseselegae e kaya go nna teng ga batho ba ba farologaneng mo lefelong le le nang le kitlano e nnye kwa ntle ga toropo. Le fa lereo "magaeng" le amana le bokao, ka kakaretso le kaya kitlano e e kwa tlase ya baagi, ikonomi e e ikaegileng ka lefatshe (bogolosegolo mo temothuong), le boitshupo jo bo tlhaolegileng jwa kgaolo. Babatlisisi bangwe ba tlhalositse bolegae jaaka selo se se leng teng e bile se tswelela go gola ka iketlo.<ref>https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6897380/</ref> Pegelo nngwe e fopholetsa gore ka 2020, diperesente di le 43.85 tsa baagi ba lefatshe ba ne ba nna kwa metseselegaeng. <ref>{{Cite web|title=World Rural Population 1960-2022|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/WLD/world/rural-population|access-date=2022-03-24|website=www.macrotrends.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215081445/https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/WLD/world/rural-population|archive-date=2022-02-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, lekgotla [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng]] le fopholetsa gore palo eno e tla ngotlega mo dingwageng tse di tlang; le akanya gore diperesente di le 68 tsa baagi ba lefatshe ba tla nna kwa ditoropong ka 2050. <ref>{{Cite web|title=68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, says UN {{!}} UN DESA {{!}} United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/2018-revision-of-world-urbanization-prospects.html|access-date=2022-03-24|website=www.un.org}}</ref> Mafelo a magae a ka tlhoka pharologano ya baagi mo dilwaneng di tshwana le bodumedi, morafe, lotso, kgatlhegelo ya thobalano go ya ka bong, boitshupo jwa bong, boitekanelo jwa tlhaloganyo, maemo a loago le ikonomi, bokgoni jwa mmele, kgotsa ditshupo tse dingwe tse di botlhokwa mo loagong. Pharologano mo karolong ya metseselegae e farologana le pharologano ya metsesetoropo ka gore dipalopalo tse di sa emelwang sentle tsa boitshupo tse di kwadilweng fa godimo gantsi di dinnye ka dipalo go na le tse di ka fitlhelwang kwa ditoropong. Le fa go ntse jalo, babatlisisi bangwe ba tshitshintse gore diphetogo tse di supang pharologano magareng ga mefutafuta ya ditoropo le ya metseselegae, go ya ka popego ya merafe ya baagi, ga e ise e tlhaloganyesege sentle. Bogolo jo bonnye jwa baagi ba le bantsi ba kwa magaeng bo santse bo kaya gore bontsi jwa ditlhopha tse di na le go sa bonale kgotsa go sa lemogiwe, gantsi go tila go gogela matlho mo go tsona jaaka go itshireletsa mo go ganweng ke bontsi. Ka sekai, le fa mo e ka nnang 20% ​​ya baagi ba metseselegae ya United States e se basweu, mme karolo e e tshwanang ya batho ba LGBTQ+ ba setšhaba le bone ba nna kwa metseselegaeng, gantsi metseselegae e tshwantshiwa e le batho ba bong jo bo sa tshwaneng gotlhelele le basweu. <ref name="Illing">{{Cite web|last=Illing|first=Sean|title="Rural America" doesn't mean "white America" — here's why that matters|url=https://www.vox.com/conversations/2017/4/24/15286624/race-rural-america-trump-politics-media|website=Vox|access-date=19 October 2020|date=April 24, 2017}}</ref> Go tlhoka go bonala gono go ka feletsa ka tlhaelo ya didirisiwa tsa baagi ba ba kgaphetsweng kwa thoko kwa metseselegaeng, dipholisi tse di sa lekanang tse di palelwang ke go tsaya tsia maitemogelo a baagi ba ba sa emelwang sentle, le go sa tlhaloganyeng ka kakaretso baagi ba metseselegae. == Metswedi == cdt0suhad8is9yszn1427o7tzgt5ep0 0 12233 56328 56181 2026-10-06T10:01:28Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56328 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamogelo Matona''' o bonwe ka 29 Ngwanatsele 1999<ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/news/cassper-nyovest-and-kamo-mphela-to-headline-cape-towns-first-formula-1-experience-20251128-0669</ref>, yo o itsegeng ka seporofešenale jaaka '''Kamo Mphela''', ke motantshi le seopedi [[Amapiano|sa amapiano]] sa [[Aforika Borwa]]. O nnile motho yo o tumileng mo inthaneteng morago ga gore a tsenye bidio ya gagwe ya go bina mo akhaontong ya gagwe ya media wa botsalano.<ref>[https://briefly.co.za/86953-kamo-mphela-bags-awesome-ambassadorship-shows-bagging-face.html "Kamo Mphela bags awesome ambassadorship and shows off her bagging face"]. briefly.co.za. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020</ref> == Botshelo le thuto == Mphela o goletse kwa toropong ya Emdeni, [[Soweto]]. O ne a ithuta Media kwa Boston Media House, ngwaga o le mongwe.<ref>[https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/kamogelo-mphela-is-the-new-dancing-queen-in-town-38162227 "Kamogelo Mphela is the new dancing queen in town"]. iol.co.za. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020</ref> == Tiro == Kgatlhego ya gagwe ya go bina e simolotse a sa le monnye, fa a ne a tsamaya le rraagwe yo a neng a dira kwa [[YFM]] le kwa ditiragalong tse a neng a tla dira mo seraleng le go bina mo go neng ga felela go dirile gore a tlhagelele thata ka go tshameka dipina tse di tshelang.<ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-11-15-listen--kamo-mphela-if-youre-doing-normal-things-people-wont-see-you-as-different/ "Kamo Mphela: If you're doing normal things people won't see you as different"]. Times Live. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2020</ref> Moragonyana o ne a tuma ka go tsenya dibidio mo [[Instagram]] koo a neng a bontsha bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go bina. Pele a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya go bina o ne a kile a leka go tshameka motshameko wa go tshameka mme a nna le tshono ya go nna moanelwa mo seraleng sa thelebišene sa [[Isibaya]], mme moragonyana o ne a lemoga gore se ne se sa mo tshwanela mme a simolola go tshameka jaaka motantshi kwa dikonsarateng. Bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go bina kgabagare bo ne jwa dira gore a bidiwe "Kgosigadi ya Amapiano".<ref>[https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/the-rise-of-kamo-mphela/ "The Rise Of Kamo Mphela – The Girl WIth A Thousand Faces".] Zkhiphani. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020</ref> Ka 2019, o ne a saena le Major League Music mme a golola [[EP]] ya gagwe e e bidiwang, Twentee ka fa tlase ga label.<ref>[https://www.dailysun.co.za/Celebs/major-league-djs-signed-kamo-mphela-20191116 "Major League DJs Signed Kamo Mphela!"]. Daily Sun. Archived from the original on 16 November 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2020</ref> O ile a boela a lokolla dipina tse kang "Suka Emabozeni" le "Menemene" mme o ile a sebedisana le sebini sa Afrika Borwa [[Busiswa]] ka e le nngwe "Sbwl"<ref>[https://www.okayafrica.com/busiswa-and-kamo-mphela-single-sbwl/ Busiswa and Kamo Mphela Summon The Summer in New Visuals for Their Single 'SBWL'"]. Okay Africa. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020</ref> mme o ile a hlahiswa ka MFR Soulz le le leng "Amanikiniki" Ranked # 1 ka Good Hope FM ya SA House Music Top 10 Chart.<ref>[https://justnje.com/mfr-souls-release-amanikiniki-music-video-featuring-kamo-mphela-bontle-smith-and-major-league-djz/ "MFR Souls release Amanikiniki music video, featuring Kamo Mphela, Bontle Smith and Major League DJz". Just Nje]<ref>[http://www.goodhopefm.co.za/sabc/home/goodhopefm/charts/details?id=234dbb34-3cc4-4ab0-bf06-6ff8018cb66d&title=The%20SA%20House%20Chart SA House Chart"]. goodhopefm.co.za. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020</ref>. Archived from the original on 14 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.</ref> O ne a tshameka le go dira le baopedi ba selegae jaaka [[Nadia Nakai]] le [[Killer Kau]]. O ne a tlhagisiwa jaaka moopedi le motantshi mo dipineng tsa amapiano jaaka "Sukendleleni" le "Labantwana Ama Uber". Ntle le amapiano, o bile a bina le mefuta e mengwe ya mmino o o tumileng wa Afrika Borwa go akaretsa [[Gqom|gqom]], [[kwaito]] le [[Pantsula|pantsula]]. "Dalie" le Tyler ICU le Khalil Harrison ba na le Baby S.O.N e golotswe ka 11 Diphalane 2023. Pina e ne ya nna ya ntlha mo dinageng di le tharo Malawi, Zimbabwe, Afrika Borwa mme ya nna ya bo 11 mo lefatsheng ka bophara mo Shazam charts.[ 10] Mo godimo ga moo pina e ne ya kgobokanya dimilione di le 2 tsa diphatlha tsa dijithale mo malatsing a le 4 mme ya netefadiwa ka gauta mo Aforika Borwa.[ 11][12] Pina eno e ne ya bona Platinum certification.[ Mo potsolotsong ya Tlhakole 2024, Kamo o ne a re o batlile a tlogela Amapiano ka ntlha ya mathata a botsogo jwa tlhaloganyo. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] 0gbjgzefp9rqhpy2614fl6jffl2lrsg 0 12736 56313 54878 2026-10-05T18:58:01Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditlou tsa Aforika''' ke maloko a [[:en:Genus_(biology)|mofuta]] wa '''''Loxodonta''''' o o nang le [[:en:Species|mefuta]] e mebedi ya [[:en:Elephant|ditlou]] tse di tshelang, tlou ya [[:en:African_bush_elephant|sekgwa ya Aforika]] ( ''L. africana'' ) le [[:en:African_forest_elephant|tlou e nnye ya sekgwa sa Aforika]] ( ''L. cyclotis'' ) . Bobedi jo ke diphologolo tse di jang [[:en:Herbivore|ditlhatsana]] tse di nang le letlalo le le [[:en:Skin|bosetlha]] . Le fa go ntse jalo, di farologana ka bogolo le mmala wa [[:en:Tusk|lenaka]] ga mmogo le popego le bogolo jwa [[:en:Ear|ditsebe]] le [[:en:Skull|marapo a ditlhogo]] tsa tsone . Mefuta ka bobedi e mo kotsing ya go nyelela go ya ka [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|Lenaane le Lehibidu la IUCN;]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2021, tlou ya sekgwa e tsewa e le mo [[:en:Endangered_species|kotsing ya go nyelela]] fa tlou ya sekgwa yone e tsewa e le mo [[:en:Critically_endangered|kotsing e e masisi]]. Di tshosediwa ke go [[:en:Habitat_loss|latlhegelwa ke bonno]] le go kgaogana, mmogo le go [[:en:Poaching|tsomiwa]] ga [[:en:Ivory_trade|kgwebisano ya dinaka]] tsa tlou e e seng ka fa molaong mo dinageng di le mmalwa tsa mefutafuta. ''Loxodonta'' ke nngwe ya mefuta e mebedi e e santseng e le teng mo lelapeng la [[:en:Elephantidae|Elephantidae]]. Leina le le kaya leino le le thata le le bopegileng jaaka teemane ya meno a tsone a meno a akwa morago mo ganong. [[:en:Fossil|Masalela a masaledi]] a mefuta ya Loxodonta a fitlhetswe mo Aforika, go simolola ka nako ya bofelo ya motlha wa Miocene (go tloga ka dingwaga di ka nna didikadike di le supa go ya kwa boratarong tse di fetileng) go ya pele. == Thuto ya mafoko == Leina la ''Loxodonta'' le tswa mo mafokong a [[:en:Ancient_Greek|Segerika sa Bogologolo]] λοξός (''loxós'', "go sekamela", "go kgabaganya") le ὀδούς (odoús, "leino"), le le kayang enamele e e bopegileng jaaka teemane ([[:en:Lozenge_(shape)|lozenge]]) ya [[:en:Molar_teeth|meno a a ko morago mo ganong]], e e farologaneng thata le ya sebopego se se dikologang sa enamele ya [[:en:Asian_elephant|tlou ya Asia]].<ref>Cuvier, F. (1825). "[[iarchive:histoirenaturel6geof/page/n115|Éléphants d'Afrique]]". In Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, É.; Cuvier, F. (eds.). Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères, avec des figures originales, coloriées, dessinées d'après des animaux vivans. Vol. Tome 6. Paris: A. Belain. pp. 117–118.</ref> == Thulaganyo ya ditshedi le thutotlhagelelo == [[:en:Scientific_description|Tlhaloso ya ntlha ya saense]] ya tlou ya Aforika e kwadilwe ka ngwaga wa 1797 ke [[:en:Johann_Friedrich_Blumenbach|Johann Friedrich Blumenbach]], yo o neng a akantsha [[:en:Scientific_name|leina la saense]] la ''Elephas africanus''.<ref>Blumenbach, J. F. (1797). "[http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/view/blumenbach_naturgeschichte_1797?p=147 2. Africanus]". Handbuch der Naturgeschichte [Handbook of Natural History] (Fifth ed.). Göttingen: Johann Christian Dieterich. p. 125.</ref> [[wiktionary:Loxodonta|''Loxodonte'']] e ne ya akantshiwa jaaka leina la kakaretso la tlou ya Aforika ke [[:en:Frédéric_Cuvier|Frédéric Cuvier]] ka ngwaga wa 1825. Mokwadi yo o sa itsiweng o ne a dirisa mopeleto wa Selatine wa ''Loxodonta'' ka ngwaga wa 1827.<ref>Anonymous (1827). "[[iarchive:zoologicaljourna318271828sowe/page/140|Analytical Notices of Books. Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères, avec des Figures originale, dessinées d'après des Animaux vivans; &c. Par MM. Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, et F. Cuvier. Livraison 52 et 53".]] The Zoological Journal. 3 (9): 140–143.</ref> Mokwadi yo o ne a amogelwa jaaka molaodi ke [[:en:International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature|Molao wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Maina a Diphologolo]] ka ngwaga wa 1999.<ref>[[:en:Jeheskel_Shoshani|Shoshani, J.]] (2005). "[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=11500008 Genus Loxodonta]". In [[:en:Don_E._Wilson|Wilson, D.E.]]; Reeder, D.M (eds.). [http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA91 Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference] (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 91. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0|978-0-8018-8221-0.]] [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494 62265494].</ref> ''Elephas (Loxodonta'') cyclotis e ne ya tshitshinngwa ke [[:en:Paul_Matschie|Paul Matschie]] ka ngwaga wa 1900, yo o neng a tlhalosa [[:en:Zoological_specimen|dikao]] [[:en:Zoological_specimen|tsa diphologolo]] tse tharo tsa ditlou tsa Aforika go tswa kwa Cameroon tse [[:en:Skull|marapo a ditlhogo]] tsa tsone di neng di farologana ka popego le tsa ditlhogo tsa ditlou tse di kokoantsweng gongwe le gongwe mo Aforika.<ref>Matschie, P. (1900). [[iarchive:sitzungsberichte1900gese/page/194|"Geographische Abarten des Afrikanischen Elefanten"]]. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. 3: 189–197.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1936, [[:en:Glover_Morrill_Allen|Glover Morrill Allen]] o ne a tsaya tlou e e le mofuta o o farologaneng mme a e bitsa 'tlou ya sekgwa';<ref>Allen, G. M. (1936). "Zoological results of the George Vanderbilt African Expedition of 1934. Part II — The forest elephant of Africa". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 88: 15–44. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064188 4064188].</ref> bakwadi ba moragonyana ba ne ba e tsaya e le [[:en:Subspecies|mofutapotlana]].<ref name=":0">Laurson, B.; Bekoff, M. (1978). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050133/http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-092-01-0001.pdf Loxodonta africana]" (PDF). Mammalian Species (92): 1–8. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/3503889|10.2307/3503889]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3503889 3503889]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:253949585 253949585]. Retrieved 5 August 2010.</ref><ref>Estes, R. D. (1999). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=Xqp7poFviNcC&pg=PA223 Elephant ''Loxodonta africana'' Family Elephantidae, Order Proboscidea"]. ''The Safari Companion: A Guide to Watching African Mammals Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, and Primates'' (Revised and expanded&#x20;ed.). Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing Company. pp.&#x20;223–233. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/1-890132-44-6|<bdi>1-890132-44-6</bdi>.]]</ref>Ditshekatsheko tsa popego le tsa dijini fa e sa le di neelana ka bosupi jwa dipharologano tsa maemo a mefuta magareng ga tlou ya sekgwa ya Aforika le tlou ya sekgwa ya Aforika.<ref name=":2">Grubb, P.; Groves, C. P.; Dudley, J. P. & Shoshani, J. (2000). [[doi:10.22237/elephant/1521732169|"Living African elephants belong to two species: ''Loxodonta africana'' (Blumenbach, 1797) and ''Loxodonta cyclotis'' (Matschie, 1900)".]] ''Elephant''. '''2''' (4): 1–4. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.22237/elephant/1521732169|10.22237/elephant/1521732169.]]</ref><ref>Roca, A. L.; Georgiadis, N.; Pecon-Slattery, J. & O'Brien, S. J. (2001). "[https://zenodo.org/record/1230804 Genetic Evidence for Two Species of Elephant in Africa".] Science. 293 (5534): 1473–1477. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Sci...293.1473R :2001Sci...293.1473R]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1059936|10.1126/science.1059936]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11520983 11520983]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38285623 38285623].</ref><ref>Rohland, N.; Malaspinas, A.-S.; Pollack, J. L.; Slatkin, M.; Matheus, P. & Hofreiter, M. (2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1925134 "Proboscidean Mitogenomics: Chronology and Mode of Elephant Evolution Using Mastodon as Outgroup"]. PLOS Biology. 5 (8) e207. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050207|10.1371/journal.pbio.0050207]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1925134 1925134]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17676977 17676977].</ref><ref name=":3">Rohland, N.; Reich, D.; Mallick, S.; Meyer, M.; Green, R. E.; Georgiadis, N. J.; Roca, A. L. & Hofreiter, M. (2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3006346 "Genomic DNA sequences from mastodon and woolly mammoth reveal deep speciation of forest and savanna elephants"]. PLOS Biology. 8 (12) e1000564. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000564|10.1371/journal.pbio.1000564]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3006346 3006346]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21701575 21203580].</ref><ref>Murphy, W. J.; Ishida, Y.; Oleksyk, T. K.; Georgiadis, N. J.; David, V. A.; Zhao, K.; Stephens, R. M.; Kolokotronis, S.-O. & Roca, A. L. (2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110795 "Reconciling Apparent Conflicts between Mitochondrial and Nuclear Phylogenies in African Elephants"]. PLOS ONE. 6 (6) e20642. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PLoSO...620642I :2011PLoSO...620642I.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020642|10.1371/journal.pone.0020642]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110795 3110795]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21701575 21701575].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1907, Richard Lydekker o ne a akantshanya mefuta e merataro ya ditlou tsa Aforika go ikaegilwe ka bogolo le dipopego tse di farologaneng tsa ditsebe tsa tsone.<ref>Lydekker, R. (1907). [[iarchive:proceedingsofzoo19071446zool/page/380|"The Ears as a Race-Character in the African Elephant"]]. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (January to April): 380–403. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1907.tb01824.x|10.1111/j.1096-3642.1907.tb01824.x]].</ref> Tsotlhe di tsewa di [[:en:Synonym_(taxonomy)|tshwana]] le tlou ya sekgwa ya Aforika.[1] Mofuta wa boraro, tlou ya Afrika Bophirima, le one o tshitshintswe mme o tlhoka go tlhomamisiwa. Go akanngwa gore losika lono lo ntse lo kgaogantswe le ba bangwe dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi le makgolo a mane.<ref>Eggert, L.S.; Rasner, C.A. & Woodruff, D.S. (2002). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691127 "The evolution and phylogeography of the African elephant inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence and nuclear microsatellite markers"]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 269 (1504): 1993–2006. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2070|10.1098/rspb.2002.2070.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691127 1691127]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12396498 12396498].</ref> === Mefuta e e sa tlholeng e le teng le mefutapotlana === Magareng ga bofelo jwa lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabobedi le masome a mabedi a le mangwe la dingwaga, go ne ga tlhalosiwa ditlou tse di latelang tsa Afrika tse di sa tlholeng di le teng go ya ka [[:en:Fossil|masalela]] a dilo tse di epolotsweng: * [[:en:North_African_elephant|Tlou ya Bokone jwa Aforika]] († ''Loxodonta africana pharaohensis'' ) e e neng ya akantshiwa ke [[:en:Paulus_Edward_Pieris_Deraniyagala|Paulus Edward Pieris Deraniyagala]] ka ngwaga 1948 e ne e le sekao go tswa kwa [[:en:Fayum|Fayum]] kwa Egepeto.<ref>Deraniyagala, P. E. P. (1955). Some extinct elephants, their relatives, and the two living species. Colombo: Ceylon National Museums Publication.</ref> * † [[:en:Loxodonta_atlantica|''Loxodonta atlantica'']] e ne ya akantshiwa jaaka ''Elephas atlanticus'' ke [[:en:Auguste_Pomel|Auguste Pomel]] ka ngwaga wa 1879 go ikaegilwe ka [[:en:Skull|legata]] le marapo a a fitlhetsweng kwa [[:en:Tighennif|Ternifine]], kwa Algeria.<ref>Pomel, A. (1897). "[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k62754098/f48 Elephas atlanticus Pom.]". Les éléphants quaternaires. Paléontologie : monographies. Alger: P. Fontana & Co. pp. 42–59.</ref> * † [[:en:Loxodonta_exoptata|''Loxodonta exoptata'']] e e neng ya akantshiwa ke [[:de:Wilhelm Otto Dietrich|Wilhelm Otto Dietrich]] ka ngwaga wa 1941 e ne e ikaegile ka meno a a fitlhetsweng kwa [[:en:Laetoli|Laetoli]], kwa lefatsheng la [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]].<ref>Dietrich, W. O. (1941). "Die säugetierpaläontologischen Ergebnisse der Kohl-Larsen'schen Expedition 1937–1939 im nördlichen Deutsch-Ostafrika". ''Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie''. '''B''' (8): 217–223. </ref> * † [[:en:Loxodonta_adaurora|''Loxodonta'']] [[:en:Loxodonta_adaurora|''adaurora'']] e e neng ya akantshiwa ke Vincent Maglio ka ngwaga wa 1970 e ne e le [[:en:Skeleton|lerapo le le feletseng]] le le neng la fitlhelwa kwa [[:en:Kanapoi|Kanapoi]], kwa Kenya.<ref>Maglio, V. J. (1970). [[iarchive:breviora326350harv/page/n291|"Four new species of Elephantidae from the Plio-Pleistocene of northwestern Kenya]]". ''Breviora'' (341): 1–43.</ref> * † [[:en:Loxodonta_cookei|''Loxodonta cookei'']] e e tshitshintsweng ke [[:en:William_J._Sanders|William J. Sanders]] ka ngwaga wa 2007 go ikaegilwe ka meno a a fitlhetsweng kwa Sebopegong sa Varswater kwa Langebaanweg, Aforika Borwa <ref>Sanders, W. (2007). [https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/billsanders/wp-content/uploads/sites/382/2016/04/AP-SANDERS-REVISED.pdf "Taxonomic review of fossil Proboscidea (Mammalia) from Langebaanweg, South Africa"] (PDF). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 62 (1) (Online ed.): 1–16. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007TRSSA..62....1S :2007TRSSA..62....1S.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00359190709519192|10.1080/00359190709519192.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27499106 27499106].</ref> === Kamano ya ditshika le tlhabologo === Dikamano tsa ditlou tse di tshelang le tse di nyeletseng tse di ikaegileng ka DNA, morago ga Palkopoulou et al. ngwaga wa 2018.<ref name=":1">Palkopoulou, E.; Lipson, M.; Mallick, S.; Nielsen, S.; Rohland, N.; Baleka, S.; Karpinski, E.; Ivancevic, A. M.; Thu-Hien To; Kortschak, R. D.; Raison, J. M.; Zhipeng, Q.; Tat-Jun C.; Alt, K. W.; Claesson, S.; Dalén, L.; MacPhee, R. D. E.; Meller, H.; Roca, A. L.; Ryder, O. A.; Heiman, D.; Young, S.; Breen, M.; Williams, C.; Aken, B. L.; Ruffier, M.; Karlsson, E.; Johnson, J.; Di Palma, F.; Alfoldi, J.; Adelson, D. L.; Mailund, T.; Munch, K.; Lindblad-Toh, K.; Hofreiter, M.; Poinar, H.; Reich, D. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5856550 "A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants"]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (11): E2566–E2574. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115E2566P 2018PNAS..115E2566P.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1720554115|10.1073/pnas.1720554115]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5856550 5856550]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29483247 29483247].</ref> Mofuta wa bogologolo wa ''Loxodonta'' o o itsiweng ke ''[[:en:Loxodonta_cookei|Loxodonta cookei]]'', ka masalela a mofuta o o itsiweng go tswa mo dingwageng di ka nna didikadike di le supa go ya kwa botlhanong tse di fetileng, go tswa mo masaleleng a a fitlhetsweng kwa Chad, Kenya, Uganda, le Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":4">Sanders, W. J. (2023). Evolution and Fossil Record of African Proboscidea (First ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 154, 205–208. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1201/b20016|10.1201/b20016.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-315-11891-8|978-1-315-11891-8.]]</ref> Tshekatsheko ya [[:en:DNA_sequences|tatelano ya DNA]] ya nuclear e supa gore [[:en:Genetic_divergence|pharologano ya dijini]] magareng ga ditlou tsa sekgwa le tsa sekgwa tsa Aforika e simolotse dingwaga di tlgoa ka didikadike di le pedi tsotlhe le dikete di le makgolo a marataro go ya go didikadike di le tlhano tsotlhe le dikete di le makgolo a marataro. tse di fetileng. Tlou ya sekgwa sa Aforika e fitlhetswe e na le mefutafuta e e kwa godimo ka dikirii ya pharologano ya dijini, e e ka tswang e bontsha go kgaogana ga bonno jwa yona ka nako le nako ka nako ya diphetogo tsa [[:en:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]].<ref name=":3" /> [[:en:Gene_flow|Go elela ga dijini]] fa gare ga mefuta e mebedi ya ditlou tsa Aforika go ne ga sekasekwa mo mafelong a le masome a mabedi le bongwe. Tshekatsheko e senotse gore ditlou di le mmalwa tsa sekgwa tsa Aforika di ne di na le [[:en:Mitochondrial_DNA|DNA e e fitlhelwang mo dikarolong tsa mmele tse di ntshang maatla tsa mitochondria]] ya ditlou tsa sekgwa sa Aforika, se se supang gore di ne tsa kopanngwa go tswa mo mefuteng e mebedi e e farologang mo kgaolong ya phetogo ya lefelo la bojang jo bontsi-sekgwa mo dinakong tsa bogologolo.<ref>Roca, A. L.; Georgiadis, N. & [[:en:Stephen_J._O'Brien|O'Brien, S. J.]] (2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20131127012455/http://planet.uwc.ac.za/nisl/Biodiversity/pdf/Nature%20Genet%202005%20Roca%20et%20al%20elephant%20phylgeogr.pdf "Cytonuclear genomic dissociation in African elephant species]" (PDF). Nature Genetics. 37 (1): 96–100. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/ng1485|10.1038/ng1485.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15592471 15592471]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10029589 10029589]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20131127012455/http://planet.uwc.ac.za/nisl/Biodiversity/pdf/Nature%20Genet%202005%20Roca%20et%20al%20elephant%20phylgeogr.pdf the original] (PDF) on 27 November 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2019.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa go ne go na le go kopana ga ditshedi kwa lefelong la kgolagano magareng ga mefuta e mebedi, go lebega go nnile le kelelo e nnye ya dijini e e atlegileng magareng ga mefuta e mebedi fa e sale e kgaogana ga yone la ntlha.<ref name=":1" /> [[Setshwantsho:Palaeoloxodon phylogeny.svg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa phylogeny se se bontshang maemo a [[:en:Straight-tusked_elephant|tlou ya dinaka tse di tlhamaletseng]] (''Palaeoloxodon antiquus'') fa e bapisiwa le mefuta e mengwe ya ba lelapa la ditlou, se ikaegile ka diphatsa tsa nuklei , go ya ka Palkopoulou le ba bangwe (ngwaga wa 2018). Se gape se bontsha [[:en:Hybrid_(biology)|pharologanyo ya diphatsa]] e e diragetseng ka ntlha ya go [[:en:Introgression|tsalana]] ga mefuta e e farologaneng , fa [[:en:Gene_flow|diphatsa di fetisiwa]] go tswa mo ditloung tsa sekgwa go ya mo ''[[:en:Palaeoloxodon|Palaeoloxodon]]'']] DNA go tswa mo tlou ya karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe e [[:en:Straight-tusked_elephant|e nang le mana a a tlhamaletseng]] (''Palaeoloxodon antiquus'') e supa gore mofuta wa tlou o o sa tlholeng o le teng wa [[:en:Palaeoloxodon|''Palaeoloxodon'']] o amana thata le ditlou tsa Afrika go na le ditlou tsa Asia kgotsa ditlou tse dikgolo. Tshekatsheko ya jenome ya ''P. antiquus'' gape e bontsha gore ''Palaeloxodon'' e [[:en:Hybrid_(biology)|kopantswe thata]] le ditlou tsa sekgwa sa Aforika, mme se sa felela ka [[:en:Hybrid_(biology)|kelelo ya dijini tse di tsenelelang]] go tswa mo ditloung tsa Aforika go ya kwa ''Palaeoloxodon'', ka jenome ya mitochondrial le go feta karolo ya masomea mararo mo lekgolong ya genome ya nyutlea ya ''P. antiquus'' e e tswang mo ''L.cyclotis'' . Losika lo lo gaufi le dipalopalo tsa segompieno tsa Aforika bophirima go na le dipalopalo tsa Aforika bogare tsa ditlou tsa sekgwa.<ref name=":1" /> Tshekatsheko ya di-mitogenome tsa ''[[:en:Palaeoloxodon_huaihoensis|Palaeoloxodon tsa China]]'' e supa gore losika lono lwa ditlou tsa sekgwa lo ne lo abelanwa thata mo ''mefuteng ya Palaeoloxodon''.<ref>Lin, H.; Hu, J.; Baleka, S.; Yuan, J.; Chen, X.; Xiao, B.; Song, S.; Du, Z.; Lai, X.; Hofreiter, M.; Sheng, G. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10353889 "A genetic glimpse of the Chinese straight-tusked elephants"]. Biology Letters. 19 (7) 20230078. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1098/rsbl.2023.0078|10.1098/rsbl.2023.0078.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10353889 10353889]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37463654 37463654].</ref> == Tlhaloso == === Letlalo ,ditsebe le Selopo === [[Setshwantsho:Elephant skeleton.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa marapo a mmele wa tlou ya sekgwa ya Aforika]] [[Setshwantsho:Loxodonta africana-cyclotis skulls PZSL.png|thumb|Papiso ya ditlhogo tsa ditlou tsa sekgwa (ka fa molemeng) le tsa sekgwa (ka fa mojeng) fa di bonwa kwa pele. Ela tlhoko tlhogo e khutshwane le e e bulegileng ya ''L. cyclotis'', e e nang le phatla e e tshesane mo boemong jwa phatla e e tshesane.]] [[Setshwantsho:African Bush Elephant Skull.jpg|thumb|Legata la tlou e tona ya mo sekgweng ya Aforika le bontshiwa kwa [[:en:Museum_of_Osteology|Lefelong la Polokelo la Thuto ya Marapo]]]] Ditlou tsa Aforika di na le letlalo le le menaganeng le le bosetlha le le bokima jwa di milimetara di le masome a mararo (boleele jwa di inch di le nngwe ntlha pedi ) le le khurumeditsweng ke moriri o o sa tlhomamang, o o nang le ditlhale o o borokwa jo bo gateletseng go ya go bontshong. Moriri o mokhutshwane o o kgonang go amiwa o gola mo selopong , se se nang le dithulaganyo tse pedi tse di tshwanang le menwana kwa ntlheng, fa ditlou tsa Asia tsone di na le e le nngwe fela.<ref name=":0" /> Ditsebe tsa tsone tse dikgolo di thusa go fokotsa mogote wa mmele. Go di phaphatha go dira gore go nne le metsi a mowa mme go senola matlhakore a a kafa teng a ditsebe kwa ditshika tse dikgolo tsa madi di oketsang tatlhegelo ya mogote ka nako ya maemo a bosa a a mogote. Selopo sa tlou ke katoloso e e kgonang go [[:en:Prehensile|tshwara]] ya molomo wa yone o o kwa godimo le nko. Tokololo e, e e nang le kutlo e kgolo e laolwa thata ke tshika wa kutlo ya [[:en:Trigeminal_nerve|trigeminal]], mme go akanngwa gore e tsamaisiwa ke mesifa e e ka nnang dikete di le masome a mane go ya go dikete di le masome a marataro. Ka ntlha ya popego e ya mesifa, selopo sa tlou se nonofile thata mo e leng gore tlou e ka kgona go tsholetsa mo e ka nnang karolo ya boraro mo lekgolong ka bokete jwa mmele wa yone ka sone. Ditlou di dirisa selopo sa tsone go dupa, go ama, go ja, go nwa, go iphara ka lerole, go ntsha medumo, go rwala dilo, go itshireletsa le go tlhasela.<ref name=":5">Shoshani, J. (1978). [[doi:10.22237/elephant/1491234053|"General information on elephants with emphasis on tusks"]]. Elephant. 1 (2) elephant.eP1016: 20–31. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.22237/elephant/1491234053|10.22237/elephant/1491234053]].</ref> Ka dinako dingwe, ditlou di thuma ka fa tlase ga metsi mme di dirisa selopo sa tsone jaaka tšhupu ya go hema ([[:en:Snorkel_(swimming)|snorkel]])<ref>West, J.B. (2002). "[[doi:10.1152/nips.01374.2001|Why doesn't the elephant have a pleural space?".]] News in Physiological Sciences. 17 (2): 47–50. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1152/nips.01374.2001|10.1152/nips.01374.2001]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11909991 11909991]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27321751 27321751].</ref> == Dinaka le meno a a ko morago == Ditlou tse ditonanyana le tse di namagadi tsa Aforika ka bobedi di na le dinaka tse di golang go tswa mo [[:en:Deciduous_teeth|menong a a tlhotlhoregang]] a a bidiwang tushes, a a emisediwang ke meno fa dinamane di ka nna ngwaga o le mongwe. Dinaka di bopilwe ka [[:en:Dentin|dentin]], e e bopang dipopego tse dinnye tsa sebopego sa teemane mo gare ga mana a a nnang magolo mo matlhakoreng a lone.<ref name=":5" /> Dinaka di dirisiwa thata go epa medi le go apola lekwati la ditlhare go bona dijo, go lwa ka nako ya go nyala, le go iphemela kgatlhanong le dibatana tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe. Dinaka tse di bokete jo bo tswang mo dikilogram di le masome a mabedi le boraro go ya go masome a mane le botlhano (bokete jwa di ponto di le masome a matlhano le bongwe go ya masome a borobabongwe le bongwe) mme a ka nna boleele jwa di meter di le bongwe le sephatlho go ya kwa bobedi le ntlha nne (boleele jwa leoto bo le botlhano go ya kwa borobabobeding). Di bobegetse kwa pele mme di tswelela go gola mo botshelong jotlhe jwa tlou.<ref name=":6">Burnie, D. (2001). Animal. London: [[:en:Dorling_Kindersley|Dorling Kindersley]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Loxodonta africana - Molar of an adult.JPG|thumb|Leino le legolo la tlou ya sekgwa sa Aforika, le le bontshang di-mekoti e e naleng phefo mo marapong a sefatlhego tsa sebopego sa loxodont/lozenge/dithapo tsa boalo jwa bogodimo jwa leino]] [[Setshwantsho:Loxodonta molar diagram.svg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa boalogodimo jwa leino la tlou ya Aforika]] Popego ya meno (dental formula) ya tlou ke:1.0.3.3/0.0.3.3× 2 = 26 (Nngwe, lefela, boraro, boraro/ lefela, lefela, boraro , boraro, tsotlhe di menagantswe gabedi, a bo tsotlhe di lekana le meno a le masome a mabedi le marataro)<ref name=":5" />Tlou e na le meno a magolo a le mane. Leino lengwe le lengwe le bokete jwa dikilogerama di le tlhano ( ponto tse lesome le bongwe) mme le boleele jwa disentimetara di le masome a mararo (inch di le lesome le bobedi). Fa meno a a kwa pele a senyega mme a wa ka dikarolwana, a a kwa morago a sutela kwa pele, mme meno a matona a mabedi a masha a mela kwa morago ga molomo. Ditlou di fetola meno a yone gararo go ya go garataro mo botshelong jwa tsone. Fa e fitlha mo dingwageng di ka nna masome a mane go ya go masome a marataro, e latlhegelwa ke meno a yone a bofelo mme gantsi e swa ka ntlha ya tlala, e leng sengwe sa mabaka a a tlwaelesegileng a loso. Ditlou tsa Aforika di na le meno a le masome a mabedi le mane ka kakaretso, a le marataro mo karolong nngwe le nngwe ya lotlhaya. Dikarolo tsa boalo jo bo ha godimo mo menong a magolo di dinnye ka palo fa di bapisiwa le tsa ditlou tsa Asia.<ref>[[:en:Juliet_Clutton-Brock|Clutton-Brock, J.]] (1987). A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals. Cambridge University Press. p. 208. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-521-34697-5|0-521-34697-5]].</ref> Boalo jwa ya meno a magolo bo apara e bo bo nna le sebopego sa taemane (<>), e leng letshwao le le tlwaelesegileng mo ditloung tsotlhe tsa mofuta wa ''Loxodonta''.<ref name=":4" /> Le fa mefuta mengwe ya ''Loxodonta'' e e nyeletseng e ne e santse e na le meno a sa feleng a [[:en:Premolar|leino le le fa gare ga leino la go gagola le leino la go sila]], meno ao ga sa tlhole a le teng mo mefuteng e mebedi e e sa ntseng e tshela.<ref>Sanders, W. J. (2018). "Horizontal tooth displacement and premolar occurrence in elephants and other elephantiform proboscideans". Historical Biology. 30 (1–2): 137–156. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018HBio...30..137S 2018HBio...30..137S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1297436|10.1080/08912963.2017.1297436]].</ref> === Bogolo === Tlou ya naga ya Aforika ke yone phologolo e e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di [[:en:Terrestrial_animal|tshelang mo lefatsheng]]. Fa maemo a siame mme e ka gola ka botlalo, ditlou tse di godileng tsotlhe di nna boleele jwa dimetara di le pedi tsotlhe le disentimetara di le masome a mane le bosupa go ya go dimetara di le pedi tsotlhe le disentimetara di le masome a supa le boraro mo magetleng (boleele jwa leoto bo le borobaobedi le intšhi e le nngwe go ya go boleele jwa leoto bo le borobabobedi le diintšhi di le lesome le bongwe), mme di nna bokete jwa ditone di le pedi tsotlhe le dikarolo di le thataro go ya go ditone di le tharo tsotlhe le dikarolo di le botlhano (ditone tse ditelele tsotlhe di le pedi tsotlhe le dikarolo di le thataro go ya go ditone tse ditelele tsotlhe di le tharo tsotlhe le dikarolo di le nne; ditone tse dikhutshwane tsotlhe di le pedi tsotlhe le dikarolo di le robongwe go ya go ditone tse dikhutshwane tsotlhe di le tharo tsotlhe le dikarolo di le robongwe) fa dipoo tse di godileng tsotlhe di nna boleele jwa dimetara di le tharo tsotlhe le disentimetara di le nne go ya go dimetara di le tharo tsotlhe le disentimetara di le masome a mararo le borataro (boleele jwa leoto bo le lesome tsotlhe go ya go difaete di le lesome le bongwe), mme ka palogare di nna bokete jwa ditone di le tlhano tsotlhe le dikarolo di le pedi go ya go ditone di le thataro tsotlhe le dikarolo di le robongwe (ditone tse ditelele tsotlhe di le tlhano tsotlhe le karolo e le nngwe go ya go ditone tse ditelele tsotlhe di le thataro tsotlhe le dikarolo di le robedi; ditone tse dikhutshwane tsotlhe di le tlhano tsotlhe le dikarolo di le supa go ya go ditone tse dikhutshwane tsotlhe di le supa tsotlhe le dikarolo di le thataro).Poo e kgolo go tsotlhe e e kileng ya rekotiwa e ne e le boleele jwa dimetara di le tharo tsotlhe le disentimetara di le masome a robongwe le borataro mo magetleng (boleele jwa leoto bo le lesome le boraro), mme go akanngwa gore e ne e le bokete jwa ditone di le lesome tsotlhe le dikarolo di le nne (ditone tse ditelele tsotlhe di le lesome tsotlhe le dikarolo di le pedi; ditone tse dikhutshwane tsotlhe di le lesome le nngwe tsotlhe le dikarolo di le botlhano).<ref>Larramendi, A. (2016). [[doi:10.4202/app.00136.2014|"Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans"]]. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (3): 537–574. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AcPaP..61..537L 2016AcPaP..61..537L]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4202/app.00136.2014|10.4202/app.00136.2014]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2092950 2092950].</ref>Mokwatla wa yone o kobegile go ya teng gare, fa mokwatla wa tlou ya sekgwa ya Aforika o batla o tlhamaletse.<ref name=":2" />Tlou ya sekgwa ya Aforika e nnye thata fa e bapisiwa le ya naga. Fa maemo a siame mme e gola ka botlalo, dipoo tsa tlou ya sekgwa di akanngwa gore ka palogare di nna boleele jwa dimetara di le pedi tsotlhe le disentimetara di le robongwe go ya go dimetara di le pedi tsotlhe le disentimetara di le masome a mararo le bongwe (boleele jwa leoto bo le thataro tsotlhe le diintšhi di le robongwe go ya go boleele jwa leoto bo le supa tsotlhe le diintšhi di le thataro), mme di nna bokete jwa ditone tsotlhe di le nngwe tsotlhe le dikarolo di le supa go ya go ditone tsotlhe di le pedi tsotlhe le dikarolo di le tharo (ditone tse ditelele tsotlhe di le nngwe tsotlhe le dikarolo di le supa go ya go ditone tse ditelele tsotlhe di le pedi tsotlhe le dikarolo di le tharo; ditone tse dikhutshwane tsotlhe di le nngwe tsotlhe le dikarolo di le robongwe go ya go ditone tse dikhutshwane tsotlhe di le pedi tsotlhe le dikarolo di le botlhano) == Phatlalatso le bonno == [[Setshwantsho:African elephants, World, 2015 (cropped).svg|thumb|Ditlou tsa Aforika]] Ditlou tsa Aforika di anamisitswe kwa [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|Afrika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara]], kwa di nnang mo dikgaolong tsa [[:en:Scrubland|ditlhatshana]] tsa [[:en:Sahel|Sahelian]] le tse di [[:en:Arid|omileng]], [[:en:Tropical_rainforest|dikgwa tsa pula tsa boboatsatsi]], [[:en:Woodland|dikgwa]] tsa [[:en:Mopane|mopane]] le tsa [[:en:Miombo|miombo]]. Ditlou tsa sekgwa sa Aforika di bonwa fela mo Aforika Bogare le Bophirima.<ref name=":14">Blanc, J. J.; Thouless, C. R.; Hart, J. A.; Dublin, H. T.; Douglas-Hamilton, I.; Craig, G. C.; Barnes, R. F. W. (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Z418bsp0fQoC African Elephant Status Report 2002: An update from the African Elephant Database]. Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 29. Gland and Cambridge: IUCN. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0707-5|978-2-8317-0707-5.]]</ref> == Boitshwaro le tikologo == === Lelwapa === [[Setshwantsho:Serengeti Elefantenherde2.jpg|thumb|Ditlou tse di namagadi tsa sekgwa kwa Tanzania]] [[Setshwantsho:Bee-Threat-Elicits-Alarm-Call-in-African-Elephants-pone.0010346.s004.ogv|thumb|Lelapa le tsibogela modumo wa tlhagiso ya dinotshe]] Mefuta ka bobedi ya ditlou tsa Aforika e nna mo ditlhopa tsa malapa tse di nang le dikgomo di le mmalwa tse di godileng, barwadi ba tsone le barwa ba tsona ba ba sa ntseng ba gola. Setlhopa se ngwe le sengwe sa lelapa se eteletswe pele ke kgomo e e godileng e e bidiwang [[:en:Matriarch|matriarch]].<ref name=":7">Douglas-Hamilton, I. (1973). "On the ecology and behaviour of the Lake Manyara elephants". African Journal of Ecology. 11 (3–4): 401–403. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973AfJEc..11..401D 1973AfJEc..11..401D.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1973.tb00101.x|10.1111/j.1365-2028.1973.tb00101.x.]]</ref> <ref name=":8">Turkalo, A.; Barnes, R. (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=B_07noCPc4kC&pg=PA195 "Loxodonta cyclotis Forest Elephant"]. In Kingdon, J.; Happold, D.; Hoffmann, M.; Butynski, T.; Happold, M.; Kalina, J. (eds.). The Mammals of Africa. Vol. I. Introductory Chapters and Afrotheria. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 195–200. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-8996-2|978-1-4081-8996-2.]]</ref>Ditlhopha tsa ditlou tsa sekgwa sa Aforika ga di kopane thata jaaka ditlhopha tsa ditlou tsa sekgwa tsa Aforika, gongwe ka ntlha ya go tlhoka dibatana tsa tlholego tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe.<ref name=":8" /> Fa ditlhopa tsa malapa tse di kgaoganeng di golagana, di bopa ditlhopha tsa losika kgotsa tsa kgolagano. Morago ga [[:en:Puberty|go gola]], ditlou tse ditonanyana di na le go dira dikgolagano tse di gaufi le tse dingwe tse ditonanyana. Le fa ditlou tse di namagadi e le tsone tse di matlhagatlhaga thata mo ditlhopheng tsa ditlou tsa Aforika, ditlou tse ditonanyana le tse di namagadi di kgona go farologanya makgolokgolo a dipitso tse di farologaneng tsa [[:en:Infrasonic|infrasonic]] tsa makhubu a a kwa tlase go buisana le go tlhaolana.<ref>McComb, K.; Moss, C.; Sayialel, S.; Baker, L. (2000). "Unusually extensive networks of vocal recognition in African elephants". Animal Behaviour. 59 (6): 1103–1109. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AnBeh..59.1103M 2000AnBeh..59.1103M]. [[:en:CiteSeerX_(identifier)|CiteSeerX]] [https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.332.7064 10.1.1.332.7064]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1006/anbe.2000.1406|10.1006/anbe.2000.1406]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10877888 10877888]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17628123 17628123].</ref><ref>McComb, K.; Moss, C.; Durant, S. M.; Baker, L.; Sayialel, S. (2001). "Matriarchs As Repositories of Social Knowledge in African Elephants". Science. 292 (5516): 491–494. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Sci...292..491M 2001Sci...292..491M.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1057895|10.1126/science.1057895.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11313492 11313492]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17594461 17594461].</ref> Ditlou di dirisa [[:en:Infrasound#Animal_reactions_to_infrasound|mantswe mangwe]] a a fetang bokgoni jwa go utlwa jwa batho,<ref>Herbst, C. T.; Stoeger, A. S.; Frey, R.; Lohscheller, J.; Titze, I.; Gumpenberger, M.; Fitch, W. T. (2012). "How Low Can You Go? Physical Production Mechanism of Elephant Infrasonic Vocalizations". Science. 337 (6094): 595–599. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Sci...337..595H 2012Sci...337..595H.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1219712|10.1126/science.1219712.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22859490 22859490]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32792564 32792564].</ref> go buisana go kgabaganya dikgala tse dikgolo. Dingwao tsa go nyalana tsa ditlou di akaretsa go loganya dikutu ka bonolo.<ref>Buss, I.; Smith, N. (1966). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072553/http://faculty.rio.edu/dalthoff/Courses/MA/TP-Buss%20and%20Smith-Elephant%20Repo%20Breeding%20Behavior-1966-JWM.pdfhttps://web.archive.org/web/20150518072553/http://faculty.rio.edu/dalthoff/Courses/MA/TP-Buss%20and%20Smith-Elephant%20Repo%20Breeding%20Behavior-1966-JWM.pdf Observations on Reproduction and Breeding Behavior of the African Elephant] (PDF). Allen Press. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072553/http://faculty.rio.edu/dalthoff/Courses/MA/TP-Buss%20and%20Smith-Elephant%20Repo%20Breeding%20Behavior-1966-JWM.pdf the original] (PDF) on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2013.</ref> Dipoo di ne di dumelwa fa e le diphologolo tse di nnang di le tsosi, di ikemela ka nosi fa di setse di godile. Dipatlisiso tse dišwa di tlhagisa gore dipoo di boloka kitso ya tikologo ya motlhape, go tlhofofatsa go tshela fa di batla dijo le metsi, se gape se solegelang dipoo tse dinnye tse di amanang le tsona molemo. Dipoo di boela fela mo motlhapeng go ya go tsala kgotsa go itsalanya; ga di neele bana ba tsona tlhokomelo ya botsadi kgotsa go ba godisa, mme go na le moo di tshameka karolo ya borre ka kakaretso mo dipoong tse dinnye go supa taolo.<ref>Briggs, H. (2020). "[https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-54018133 Secrets of male elephant society revealed in the wild"]. BBC News. Retrieved 7 September 2020.</ref> === Boitshwaro jwa kgaolo le tiriso ya sebaka === Ditlou tsa Aforika ga di nne le kgaolo fela mme di bontsha mefuta e e farologaneng ya mekgwa ya tiriso ya sebaka tse di tlhotlhelediwang ke popego ya loago, pharologano ya dipaka le seemo sa bosa, le go nna teng ga didirisiwa.<ref name=":9">Wittemyer, G.; Getz, W. M.; Vollrath, F.; Douglas-Hamilton, I. (2007). "Social dominance, seasonal movements, and spatial segregation in African elephants: a contribution to conservation behavior". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 61 (12): 1919–1931. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s00265-007-0432-0|10.1007/s00265-007-0432-0.]]</ref> Metlhape gantsi e nna mo [[:en:Home_range|mefuteng ya magae]] e e farologaneng go tswa go makgolo a le mmalwa go ya go dikete di le mmalwa tsa khutlonne ya dikilometara go ikaegile ka go nna teng ga didirisiwa le maemo a bonno; metlhape e latela ditsela tsa go fuduga le mekgwa ya motsamao e e golaganyang mafelo a a sireleditsweng le mafelo a mangwe a a tshwanetseng a a nang le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go tshegetseng kgolagano ya baagi le phitlhelelo ya metswedi e e botlhokwa jaaka dimela le metsi.<ref>Douglas-Hamilton, I.; Krink, T.; Vollrath, F. (2005). "Movements and corridors of African elephants in relation to protected areas". Naturwissenschaften. 92 (4): 158–163. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s00114-004-0606-9|10.1007/s00114-004-0606-9.]]</ref> Dintlha tse dingwe jaaka taolo ya loago le dintlha tsa tikologo jaaka pula le ntshodikuno ya dimela le tsona di tlhotlheletsa kgaogano ya sebaka mo ditlhopheng mo teng ga kgaolo e le nngwe.<ref name=":9" /> ==== Go nna bogale, go lwa le go laola ==== Ditlou tsa Aforika di bontsha mekgwa e e raraaneng ya go nna bogale e e tsamayang le go nna le taolo, segolobogolo mo teng ga tse ditonanyana tse di godileng. Musth ke lereo le le kayang seemo sa mmele fa ditlou tse ditonanyana tsa Aforika di bontshang go tlhatloga go gogolo ga hormone ya bonna, tiro e e oketsegileng ya thobalano, le go nna bogale go go oketsegileng mme le lemogwa ka nako ya kgaisano ya banna le banna.<ref name=":10">Poole, J.H. (1989). "Announcing intent: the aggressive state of musth in African elephants". Animal Behaviour. 37: 140–152. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/0003-3472(89)90014-6|10.1016/0003-3472(89)90014-6.]]</ref> Mo pakeng e tlou e tona ya Aforika e dirang musth, di bontsha maitsholo a a tlwaelegileng a a akaretsang go ntsha kgeleswa ya nakwana, go elela ga moroto, le dipopego tse di rileng tse di tlhalosang seemo sa tsona mo bathong ba bangwe.<ref name=":10" /> Ka go dira maitsholo a, ditlou tse ditonanyana tsa Aforika di fokotsa tlhokego ya go thulana ka mmele ka go tlhaeletsana ka maemo a bolaodi. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo mabakeng a mofuta ono wa puisano o palelwang, dikopano tse di bogale tse di akaretsang go tlhotlhora le go kgarametsa di ka diragala fa go gaisana ka dinamagadi tse di amogelang.<ref name=":10" /> Tatelano ya taolo mo teng ga motlhape wa ditlou e tlhotlhelediwa thata e bile e ikaegile ka dingwaga, bogolo, le maemo a musth mme tse ditonanyana tse di godileng ka tlwaelo di feta tse dinnye kgotsa tse e seng tsa musth.<ref name=":10" /> === Go jesa tikologo le dijo === Ditlou tsa Aforika ke dijo tsa ditlhatshana ka kakaretso mme di ja mefuta e e farologaneng ya matlhare, bojang, makwati, le maungo, fela dimela tsa logong ka dipaka tsa komelelo.<ref>Rode, K.D.; Chiyo, P.I.; Chapman, C.A.; McDowell, L.R. (2006). "Nutritional ecology of elephants in Kibale National Park, Uganda, and its relationship with crop-raiding behaviour". Journal of Tropical Ecology. 22 (4): 441–449. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0266467406003233|10.1017/S0266467406003233.]]</ref> Fa di ntse di ja, di kgetla matlhare le go gagola dikala di dirisa meno, se se ka bakang tshenyo e kgolo mo matlhareng.<ref name=":6" /> [[:en:Fermentation|Go bedisa ga dijo]] go diragala mo [[:en:Hindgut|maleng a a kwa morago]], go kgontsha go ja dijo tse dintsi.<ref>Clauss, M.; Frey, R.; Kiefer, B.; Lechner-Doll, M.; Loehlein, W.; Polster, C.; Roessner, G. E.; Streich, W. J. (2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190608152406/https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/2393/2/Oecologia_body_size_2003V.pdf "The maximum attainable body size of herbivorous mammals: morphophysiological constraints on foregut, and adaptations of hindgut fermenters]" (PDF). [[:en:Oecologia|Oecologia]]. 136 (1): 14–27. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Oecol.136...14C 2003Oecol.136...14C]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1254-z|10.1007/s00442-003-1254-z.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12712314 12712314]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206989975 206989975]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20190608152406/https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/2393/2/Oecologia_body_size_2003V.pdf the original] (PDF) on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.</ref> Bogolo jo bogolo le mala a a kwa morago a tlou ya Aforika gape di letla tshilo ya dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa semela, go akaretsa dikutu tse di nang le ditlhale, lekwati le medi.<ref>Owen-Smith, N.; Chafota, J. (2012). [[doi:10.1644/11-MAMM-A-350.1|"Selective feeding by a megaherbivore, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)"]]. Journal of Mammalogy. 93 (3): 698–705. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1644/11-MAMM-A-350.1|10.1644/11-MAMM-A-350.1]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83726553 83726553].</ref> Ditlou tsa Aforika di thusa mo go meleng ga dipeo ka ntlha ya mala a tsone a magolo; ka di kgona go akaretsa lefelo le legolo mo letsatsing le le lengwe, di anamisa dipeo go tswa mo ditlhareng tse di farologaneng ka bonako. Ditlou di fula mo ditlhareng mme di ja dipeo tse di tswang mo go tsone, mme morago ga moo, fa peo e feta [[:en:Gastrointestinal_tract|mo tseleng ya mala]] mme morago ga moo e bo e tswa, dipeo di a nontshiwa mme di siametse go gola. Go mela ka ditlou go thibela kgaisano ya dimela mme go tlosa tlhokego ya gore dipeo dingwe di fokelwe ke phefo go gola, kgotsa thulaganyo ya go mela ka go sa rulaganngwa. Mefutafuta ya dimela le ditlhare tse di ka golang ka thulaganyo e le yona e a oketsega ka gonne dithotobolo tsa boloko di ka nna le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhare e e fetang 10, mme dingwe di na le metlhala ya ditlhare di le 50 le kwa godimo.<ref>Campos-Arceiz, A. & Blake, S. (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160427025644/http://www.santuariodeelefantes.org.br/docs/Campos_Arceiz_2011_Elephant_seed_dispersal.pdf "Megagardeners of the forest – the role of elephants in seed dispersal"] (PDF). Acta Oecologica. 37 (6): 542–553. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AcO....37..542C 2011AcO....37..542C.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.014|10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.014]]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20160427025644/http://www.santuariodeelefantes.org.br/docs/Campos_Arceiz_2011_Elephant_seed_dispersal.pdf the original] (PDF) on 27 April 2016.</ref><ref>Poulsen, J. R.; Beirne, C.; Rundel, C.; Baldino, M.; Kim, S.; Knorr, J.; Minich, T.; Jin, Lingrong; Núñez, C. L.; Xiao, S.; Mbamy, W.; Obiang, G. N.; Masseloux, J.; Nkoghe, T. & Ebanega, M. O. (2021). "[[doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.789264|Long distance seed dispersal by forest eephants"]]. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9 789264. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021FrEEv...989264P 2021FrEEv...989264P]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]][[doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.789264|:10.3389/fevo.2021.789264]].</ref> === Botlhale === ''Bona gape : [[:en:Elephant_cognition|Tlhaloganyo ya tlou]]'' [[Setshwantsho:Elephant scratching on a tree.jpg|thumb|Go ingwaa mo setlhareng go thusa go tlosa boalo jwa letlalo le le suleng le dinwa madi]] Ditlou tsa Aforika di botlhale thata.<ref>Plotnik, J. M.; De Waal, F. B.; Reiss, D. (2006). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636577 "Self-recognition in an Asian elephant".] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (45): 17053–17057. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PNAS..10317053P 2006PNAS..10317053P.] doi:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0608062103|10.1073/pnas.0608062103]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636577 1636577]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17075063 17075063].</ref> Di na le [[:en:Neocortex|neocortex]] e kgolo thata e e sothegileng thata, e leng selo se di nang le sone le [[:en:Humans|batho]] le [[:en:Apes|dikgabo]] tse dingwe, mmogo le mefuta mengwe ya di [[:en:Dolphin|dolphin]]. Di gareng ga mefuta e e botlhale thata mo lefatsheng. Ka bokete jo bo fetang fela kilgograme tse tlhano (ponto ye lesome le bongwe, [[:en:Elephant_cognition#Structure_of_the_brain|boboko jwa tlou]] bo bogolo go feta jwa phologolo epe e nngwe e e nnang mo lefatsheng. Boboko jwa tlou bo tshwana le [[:en:Human_brain|boboko jwa motho]] ka popego le go raraana ga tsone; [[:en:Cerebral_cortex|legogo]] la tlou le na le [[:en:Neurons|ditshika]] tse dintsi jaaka tsa boboko jwa motho,[<ref>Roth, G.; Stamenov, M. I.; Gallese, V. (2003). "Is the human brain unique?". Mirror Neurons and the Evolution of Brain and Language. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 63–76. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/0470867221.ch2|10.1002/0470867221.ch2.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-470-84960-6|978-0-470-84960-6.]]</ref> se se akantshang gore go nnile le [[:en:Convergent_evolution|thutotlhagelelo e e kopaneng]].<ref>Goodman, M.; Sterner, K.; Islam, M.; Uddin, M.; Sherwood, C.; Hof, P.; Hou, Z.; Lipovich, L.; Jia, H.; Grossman, L.; Wildman, D. (2009). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2791620 Phylogenomic analyses reveal convergent patterns of adaptive evolution in elephant and human ancestries]". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (49): 20824–20829. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..10620824G 2009PNAS..10620824G.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0911239106|10.1073/pnas.0911239106.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2791620 2791620]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19926857 19926857].</ref> Ditlou di bontsha maitsholo a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le a a amanang le [[:en:Grief|khutsafalo]], [[:en:Learning|go ithuta]], [[:en:Mimicry|go etsisa]], [[:en:Art|botaki]], [[:en:Play_(activity)|motshameko]], go [[:en:Humor|tshegisa]], [[:en:Altruism|go sa ipone tsapa]], [[:en:Tools|tiriso ya didirisiwa]], [[:en:Compassion|kutlwelobotlhoko]], [[:en:Cooperation|tirisanommogo]],<ref name=":11">Plotnik, J. M.; Lair, R.; Suphachoksahakun, W.; De Waal, F. B. M. (2011). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3064331 Elephants know when they need assistance in a cooperative task".] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (12): 5116–5121. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1101765108|10.1073/pnas.1101765108.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3064331 3064331]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21383191 21383191].</ref> [[:en:Self-awareness|go itemoga]], [[:en:Memory|go gakologelwa]] le [[:en:Language|gongwe le puo.]]<ref>Parsell, D. L. (2003). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20071012170607/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0221_030221_elephantvocal1.html In Africa, Decoding the 'Language' of Elephants"]. [[:en:National_Geographic_Magazine|National Geographic Magazine]] News. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0221_030221_elephantvocal1.html the original] on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2007.</ref> Maitsholo a otlhe a supa mofuta o o botlhale thata o go akanngwang gore o lekana le [[:en:Cetaceans|di-cetacean]]<ref>Viegas, J. (2011). "[http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2011/03/08/3158077.htm Elephants smart as chimps, dolphins]". ABC Science. Retrieved 8 March 2011.</ref><ref name=":12">Viegas, J. (2011). [http://news.discovery.com/animals/elephants-intelligence-test-110307.html "Elephants Outwit Humans During Intelligence Test]". Discovery News. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110308093715/http://news.discovery.com/animals/elephants-intelligence-test-110307.html Archived] from the original on 8 March 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.</ref> le diphologolo tse di tshelang.<ref name=":12" /> Go raraana ga tlhaloganyo ga tlou ya Aforika go akaretsa maitsholo a a supang kutlwelobotlhoko, go rarabolola mathata, le maitsholo a setlhopha a a dirisanang mmogo. Diponagalo tseno di gatelela go kopana ga botlhale jwa thutotlhagelelo mo mefuteng yotlhe, go go tshwanang le go go bonwang mo diphologolong tse di tshelang le mo ditshedi tsa lewatle tsa cetaceans.<ref name=":11" /> === Go tsala === [[Setshwantsho:Bull elephants small.jpg|thumb|Ditlou tsa dipoo tse di bogale]] [[Setshwantsho:Elephant (Loxodonta africana) mating ritual composite.jpg|thumb|Moetlo wa go nyalana]] Ditlou tsa Aforika di kgona go [[:en:Fertility|tsala thata]] fa di le dingwaga di le masome a mabedi a le botlhano le masome a mane le botlhano. Dinamane ka tlwaelo di tsalwa morago ga paka ya [[:en:Gestation|boimana]] ya dikgwedi di le masome a mabedi le bobedi.<ref>Macdonald, D. (2001). The New Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford: [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]].</ref> Dinamane di tlhokomelwa ke mmaatsona le dinamane tse dingwe tse dinnye mo setlhopheng, se se itsegeng jaaka [[:en:Allomothering|allomothering]].<ref name=":7" /> Ditlou tse di namagadi tsa Aforika di kgona go simolola go tsala di le dingwaga di ka nna lesome go ya ko lesomeng le bobedi.<ref>Benedict, F. G. (1936). "The physiology of the elephant". ''Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. No. 474''. '''1'''.</ref> Morago ga go gola ka tlhakanelodikobo, banna ba simolola go itemogela [[:en:Musth|musth]], boemo jwa mmele le jwa maitsholo jo bo tlhaolwang ke testosterone e e kwa godimo, go nna bogale le tiro e ntsi ya thobalano.<ref name=":15">Hollister-Smith, J. A.; Poole, J. H.; Archie, E. A.; Vance, E. A.; Georgiadis, N. J.; [[:en:Cynthia_Moss|Moss, C. J]].; Alberts, S. C. (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150518085653/http://sites.biology.duke.edu/albertslab/pdfs/Hollister-Smith%26al_2007.pdf "Age, musth, and paternity success in wild male African elephants, Loxodonta africana"] (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 74 (2): 287–296. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AnBeh..74..287H 2007AnBeh..74..287H]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.12.008|10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.12.008.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54327948 54327948]. Archived from [http://sites.biology.duke.edu/albertslab/pdfs/Hollister-Smith%26al_2007.pdf the original] (PDF) on 18 May 2015.</ref><ref name=":16">[[:en:Raman_Sukumar|Sukumar, R.]] (2003). "Sexual selection and mate choice". The Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation. Oxford, USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 112–124. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-19-510778-0|0-19-510778-0.]]</ref> Musth gape o dira tiro ya go bitsa tlhokomelo go tse di namagadi gore ke tsa boleng jo bo siameng, mme ga e ka ke ya etsisiwa jaaka dipitso tse di rileng kgotsa medumo e ka nna. Ditona di tsala bana ba le mmalwa ka dipaka tse di se mo musth. Ka nako ya fa estrus e le fa gare, ditlou tse di namagadi di batla tse ditonanyana tse di mo musth go di disa. Dinamagadi di tla goa, ka tsela e e kwa godimo, e e kwa tlase go gogela tse ditonanyana go tswa kwa kgakala. Ditlou tse ditonanyana gape di kgona go dupelela monko wa dihoromone tsa e namagadi e e siametseng go tsala. Se se dira gore tse ditonanyana di gaisane go nyalana, se se felelang ka gore tse di namagadi di nyalane le tse ditonanyana tse di godileng, tse di itekanetseng.<ref name=":13">Poole, J. H. (1989). "Mate guarding, reproductive success and female choice in African elephants". Animal Behaviour. 37: 842–849. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989AnBeh..37..842P 1989AnBeh..37..842P.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/0003-3472(89)90068-7|10.1016/0003-3472(89)90068-7]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53150105 53150105].</ref> Dinamagadi di tlhopha go fitlha kwa ntlheng e e rileng gore di nyalana le mang, ka gonne ke tsone tse di lekang go dira gore tse ditonanyana di gaisane go di disa. Le fa go ntse jalo, tse di namagadi ga di disiwe mo dikgatong tsa ntlha le tsa morago tsa estrus, tse di ka letlang go nyalana ke tse ditonanyana tse dinnye e seng mo musth.<ref name=":13" /> Ditona tse di fetang dingwaga di le masome a matlhano di gaisana thata le tse di namagadi mo estrus, mme di atlega thata fa di le dikgolo le go nna bogale thata.<ref name=":16" /> Ditonyana tse dikgolo di na le go tsala bana ba batona.<ref>Lee, P. C.; Moss, C. J. (1986). "Early maternal investment in male and female African elephant calves". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 18 (5): 353–361. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986BEcoS..18..353L 1986BEcoS..18..353L]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/bf00299666|10.1007/bf00299666]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10901693 10901693].</ref> Ditona tse di tlhaga di simolola go tsala mo dingwageng tsa tsone tsa masome a mararo fa di le mo bogolong le bokete jo bo gaisanang le tse ditonanyana tse dingwe tse di godileng. Katlego ya tsalo ya banna e kwa godimo mo bogareng jwa bogolo mme morago ga moo e simolole go fokotsega. Le fa go ntse jalo, se se ka ikaega ka maemo a monna mo setlhopheng sa bona, ka ge banna ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba tshegetsa seelo se se kwa godimo sa tsalo.<ref>Loizi, H.; Goodwin, T. E.; Rasmussen, L. E. L.; Whitehouse, A. M.; Schulte, B. A. (2009). "Sexual dimorphism in the performance of chemosensory investigatory behaviours by African elephants (Loxodonta africana)". Behaviour. 146 (3): 373–392. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1163/156853909X410964|10.1163/156853909X410964]].</ref> Bontsi jwa go nyalana go go lemogilweng ke ga banna mo musth ba ba fetang dingwaga di le 35. Ditebelelo tse ditelele di le masome a mabedi le bobedi di bontshitse gore dingwaga le musth ke dintlha tse di botlhokwa thata; "... banna ba ba godileng ba ne ba na le katlego e e kwa godimo ya go nna rre fa ba bapisiwa le banna ba bannye, se se akantshang kgonagalo ya go tlhophiwa ga thobalano go tshela lobaka lo loleele mo mofuteng o."<ref name=":15" />: (tsebe ya makgolo a mabedi le masome a borobabobedi le bosupa) == Matshosetsi == [[Setshwantsho:Number of African elephants.svg|thumb|Palo ya Ditlou tsa Aforika]] Mefuta ka bobedi e tshosediwa ke go [[:en:Habitat_loss|latlhegelwa ke bonno]] le go kgaogana. Go tsoma kgwebisano e e seng ka fa molaong ya [[:en:Ivory_trade|dinaka tsa tlou]] ke matshosetsi mo dinageng di le mmalwa tse di farologaneng gape. Tlou ya sekgwa ya Aforika e kwadilwe jaaka e e mo [[:en:Endangered_species|kotsing ya go nyelela]] mme tlou ya sekgwa sa Aforika e kwadilwe jaaka e e mo [[:en:Critically_Endangered|kotsing e e masisi]] mo [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|Manaaneng a Mahibidu a IUCN]] a a farologaneng.<ref>Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Balfour, D.; Wittemyer, G.; Maisels, F.; Taylor, R.D. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/181008073/223031019 ''"Loxodonta africana"'']. [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]. 2022 e.T181008073A223031019. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T181008073A223031019.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T181008073A223031019.en.]]</ref><ref>Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Maisels, F.; Wittemyer, G.; Balfour, D.; Taylor, R.D. (2021) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/181007989/204404464 ''Loxodonta cyclotis'']". [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]. 2021 e.T181007989A204404464. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T181007989A204404464.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T181007989A204404464.en.]]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Ivory trade.jpg|thumb|Banna ba ba nang le meno a tlou ya Aforika kwa Dar es Salaam, c. 1900]] Go ikaegilwe ka mefuta ya dimela tse di tlamelang ka bonno jo bo tshwanetseng jwa ditlou tsa Aforika, go ne ga akanyediwa gore mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe palogodimo ya ditlou tsa Aforika e ne e le didikadike di le masome a mabedi le borataro le dikete tsa makgolo a borobabongwe le lesome le boraro tse di ka tswang di ne di le teng go tswa kwa [[:en:Sahel|Sahel]] kwa bokone go ya kwa [[:en:Highveld|Highveld]] kwa borwa. Go fokotsega ga bonno jo bo tshwanetseng e ne e le selo se segolo se se bakileng go fokotsega ga palo ya ditlou go fitlha ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950. Go tsoma ditlou tsa Aforika go dira kgwebo ya [[:en:Ivory_trade|dinaka tsa tlou]] go ne ga itlhaganedisa kwelotlase go tloga ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 go ya pele. [[:en:Carrying_capacity|Bokgoni jwa go rwala jwa mafelo]] a a setseng a a tshwanetseng bo ne bo akanyeddiwa go nna ditlou di le didikadike di le borobabobedi le dikete tse makgolo a borobabobgwe le masome a borobabobedi le botlhano ka bontsi ka ngwaga wa 1987.<ref>Milner-Gulland, E. J.; Beddington, J. R. (1993). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252970898 The exploitation of elephants for the ivory trade: an historical perspective".] Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 252 (1333): 29–37. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993RSPSB.252...29M 1993RSPSB.252...29M]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1098/rspb.1993.0042|10.1098/rspb.1993.0042.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128704128 128704128].</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 le bo 1980, tlhwatlhwa ya lonaka lwa tlou e ne ya tlhatloga, mme go tsoma lonaka lwa tlou go ne ga oketsega, bogolosegolo kwa dinageng tsa Aforika Bogare kwa phitlhelelo ya mafelo a ditlou e neng e tlhofofadiwa ke madirelo a go [[:en:Logging|rema ditlhare]] le meepo ya [[:en:Petroleum|peterolo]].<ref name=":14" /> Magareng ga dingwaga tsa 1976 le 1980, go ne ga romelwa ntle dinaka tsa ditlou tse di tala di ka nna bokete jwa tonne di le makgolo a borobabobedi le masome a mararo (ditone di le makgolo a borobabobedi le masome a mabedi tse ditelele; ditone di le makgolo a borobabongwe le lesome tse dikhutshwane) go tswa kwa Aforika go ya kwa [[:en:Hong_Kong|Hong Kong]] le [[:en:Japan|Japane]], e e lekanang le dinaka tsa ditlou tsa Aforika di ka nna dikete di le mkgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi.<ref>Parker, J. S. C.; Martin, E. B. (1982). [[doi:10.1017/S0030605300017452|"How many elephants are killed for the ivory trade?]]". Oryx. 16 (3): 235–239. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0030605300017452|10.1017/S0030605300017452]].</ref> Palo ya ntlha ya ditlou mo karolo kgolong ya lefatshe e naleng mafatshe a mantsi ya Aforika e ne ya dirwa ka ngwaga wa 1976. Ka nako eo, go ne go akanngwa gore go na le ditlou di ka nna didikadike di le mongwe le dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mane tse di neng di gasame mo lefelong la dikilometara tse di khutlonne di le didikadike di le supa tsotlhe le dikete di le makgolo a mararo (dikilometara tsa sekwere di le didikadike di le pedi tsotlhe le dikete di le makgolo a robedi).<ref name=":17">Stiles, D. (2004). "[http://danstiles.org/publications/ivory/09.Env.Cons.final.pdf The ivory trade and elephant conservation"] (PDF). Environmental Conservation. 31 (4): 309–321. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004EnvCo..31..309S 2004EnvCo..31..309S.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0376892904001614|10.1017/S0376892904001614.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14772884 14772884].</ref>Mo dingwageng tsa bo-1980, go ne go le thata go dira dipatlisiso tse di rulaganeng mo dinageng di le mmalwa tsa Botlhaba jwa Aforika ka ntlha ya [[:en:Civil_war|dintwa tsa selegae]].<ref name=":14" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1987, go ne go akanngwa gore palo ya ditlou tsa Aforika e ne e fokotsegile go fitlha go dikete di le makgolo a supa le masome a marataro.Ka ngwaga wa 1989, go ne go akanngwa gore go ne go setse ditlou tsa Aforika di le dikete di le makgolo a marataro le boferabobedi fela.<ref name=":17" />Ka ngwaga wa 1989, Tirelo ya Diphologolo tsa Naga ya Kenya (Kenyan Wildlife Service) e ne ya fisa mokgobo wa manaka a ditlou go bontsha kganetso ya yone kgatlhanong le kgwebo ya manaka a ditlou.<ref>Poole, J. (1996). [[iarchive:isbn_9780786860951/page/232|Coming of Age With Elephants.]] New York: Hyperion. p. 232. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-7868-6095-2|0-7868-6095-2]].</ref> Fa kgwebo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya dinaka tsa ditlou e ne e simolola gape ka ngwaga wa 2006, tlhokego le tlhwatlhwa ya manaka a ditlou di ne tsa oketsega kwa Asia. [[:en:Zakouma_National_Park|Kwa Lefelong la Bosetšhaba ya Zakouma]] kwa Chad, go feta ditlou di le dikete di le tharo le makgolo a mabedi di ne tsa bolawa magareng ga ngwaga wa 2005 le 2010. Paka eo e ne e sena balebeledi ba ba lekaneng go lwantsha go tsoma ka tsela e e seng molaong, e bile dibetsa tsa bone di ne di setse kwa morago. Ditlhopha tse di neng di rulagantswe sentle di ne tsa nolofatsa go rekisa dinaka tseo ka bokukuntshwane go feta ka Sudan.<ref>Poilecot, P. (2010). "[[doi:10.19182/bft2010.303.a20454|Le braconnage et la population d'éléphants au Parc National de Zakouma (Tchad)"]]. ''Bois et Forêts des Tropiques''. '''303''' (303): 93–102. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier):[[doi:10.19182/bft2010.303.a20454|10.19182/bft2010.303.a20454]].</ref> Puso ya Tanzania e ne ya akanyetsa gore go feta ditlou di le dikete di le masome a borobabobedi le botlhano di ne tsa bolawa ka ntlha ya go tsomiwa ka tsela e e seng molaong magareng ga ngwaga wa 2009 le 2014, se se emelang tatlhegelo ya karolo ya masome a marataro mo lekgolong.<ref>Mathiesen, K. (2015). "[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/02/tanzania-epicentre-of-elephant-poaching-census-reveals Tanzania elephant population declined by 60% in five years, census reveals"]. [[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]. Retrieved 23 August 2017.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2012, go ne ga begwa koketsego e kgolo ya go tsomiwa ga dinaka tsa ditlou ka tsela e e seng ka fa molaong, mme mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a supa mo lekgolong tsa dinaka tsa ditlou di ne di isiwa kwa China.<ref>[[:en:Jeffrey_Gettleman|Gettleman, J.]] (2012). [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/04/world/africa/africas-elephants-are-being-slaughtered-in-poaching-frenzy.html "Elephants Dying in Epic Frenzy as Ivory Fuels Wars and Profits"]. The New York Times.</ref> China e ne e le mmaraka o mogolo thata wa dinaka tsa ditlou a a tsomilweng ka tsela e e seng molaong. Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa 2015, e ne ya itsise gore e tla emisa ka iketlo go dira le go rekisa ka molao ditlhagisiwa tsotlhe tse di dirilweng ka dinaka tsa ditlou.<ref>Ryan, F. (2015). [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/sep/26/china-and-us-agree-on-ivory-ban-in-bid-to-end-illegal-trade-globally "China and US agree on ivory ban in bid to end illegal trade globally"]. The Guardian.</ref> Dikgotlhang magareng ga ditlou le palo e e golang ya batho ke kgang e kgolo mo tshomarelong ya ditlou.<ref name=":14" /> Go tsenelela ga batho mo mafelong a tlholego a ditlou tsa sekgwa di leng mo go one kgotsa go nna teng ga tsone go go oketsegang mo mafelong a a mabapi go dirile gore go dirwe dipatlisiso ka mekgwa ya go kgweetsa ditlhopha tsa ditlou kgakala le batho ka tsela e e babalesegileng. Go tshameka medumo e e gatisitsweng ya [[:en:Western_honey_bee|dinotshe tsa tswina tsa Bophirima]] tse di galefileng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhotlheletseng ditlou go tshaba mo lefelong lengwe.<ref>King, L. E.; [[:en:Iain_Douglas-Hamilton|Douglas-Hamilton, I.]]; Vollrath, F. (2007). "[[doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.038|African elephants run from the sound of disturbed bees".]] Current Biology. 17 (19): R832–R833. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007CBio...17.R832K 2007CBio...17.R832K]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.038|10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.038]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17925207 17925207]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30014793 30014793].</ref> Balemirui ba lekile go tshosa ditlou ka ditsela tse di bogale jaaka molelo kgotsa tiriso ya dipepere tsa tšhilisi go bapa le magora go sireletsa dijalo tsa bona.<ref>Snyder, K.; Mneney, P.; Benjamin, B.; Mkilindi, P.; Mbise, N. (2019). "[[doi:10.1017/S0030605318001382|Seasonal and spatial vulnerability to agricultural damage by elephants in the western Serengeti, Tanzania"]]. Oryx. 55 (1): 139–149. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0030605318001382|10.1017/S0030605318001382]].</ref> Matshosetsi a magolo a ditlou tsa Aforika ke go latlhegelwa ke bonno le go tsomiwa, mo godimo ga matshosetsi a a magolo, a a tshwenyang thata, go ne ga tlhaga matshosetsi a sešweng a a akaretsang dikgoreletsi tse di dirilweng ke batho le phetolo ya naga e e amang thata le go lekanyetsa motsamao le go anamisiwa ga ditlou tsa Aforika. Kago ya magora, ditsela, dintlha tsa metsi tsa maitirelo, le mafatshe a temothuo di begile ditlamorago tse di masisi mo go fetoleng mekgwa ya motsamao wa tlholego, go kgaoganya mafelo a bodulo, le go lekanyetsa phitlhelelo ya metswedi ya paka.<ref name=":18">Loarie, Scott R.; Van Aarde, R.J.; Pimm, S.L. (2009). "Fences and artificial water affect African savannah elephant movement patterns". Biological Conservation. 142 (12): 3086–3098. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.08.008|10.1016/j.biocon.2009.08.008]].</ref> Dikgoreletsi tse tsa maitirelo di ka dira gore ditlou tsa Aforika di itemogele kgaisano e e oketsegileng ka ge metswedi le mafelo a a kgaogantsweng a na le selekanyo mme di tla lebisa kwa kgotlhang e e gagametseng ya batho le ditlou ka ge ditlou di patelesega go atolosa mafelo a tsona go ya kwa kgotsa gaufi le mafelo a temothuo le mafatshe a a laolwang ke batho.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":19">Blanc, J.J.; Barnes, Richard F.W.; Craig, G.C.; Dublin, H.T.; Thouless, C.R.; Douglas-Hamilton, Ian; Hart, J.A. (2007). African elephant status report 2007: an update from the African elephant database. IUCN. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2305/iucn.ch.2007.ssc-op.33.en|10.2305/iucn.ch.2007.ssc-op.33.en.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0970-3|978-2-8317-0970-3.]]</ref> == Tshomarelo == Ka ngwaga wa 1986, Polokelo ya tshedimosetso ya Ditlou tsa Aforika e ne ya simololwa ka boikaelelo jwa go ela tlhoko seemo sa dipalopalo tsa ditlou tsa Aforika. Polokelo ya tshedimosetso e e akaretsa dipholo go tswa mo dipatlisisong tsa kwa godimo, dipalo tsa boloko, dipotsolotso le batho ba selegae le tshedimosetso ka ga go tsoma.<ref>Thouless, C. R.; Dublin, H. T.; Blanc, J. J.; Skinner, D. P.; Daniel, T. E.; Taylor, R. D.; Maisels, F.; Frederick, H. L.; Bouché, P. (2016). [https://www.dropbox.com/s/7a8w3kk6r9hzm0r/AfESG%20African%20Elephant%20Status%20Report%202016.pdf?dl=1 African Elephant Status Report 2016: an update from the African Elephant Database] (PDF). Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 60. Gland: IUCN SSC African Elephant Specialist Group. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-1813-2|978-2-8317-1813-2]].[permanent dead link]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa1989, [[:en:Convention_on_International_Trade_in_Endangered_Species_of_Wild_Fauna_and_Flora|Tumalano ya Kgwebisano ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Mefuta e e mo Kotsing ya go Nyelela ya Diphologolo le Dimela tsa Nag]]<nowiki/>a e ne ya tsenya tlou ya Afrika mo lenaaneng la [[:en:CITES_Appendix_I|Mametlelelo]] [[:en:CITES_Appendix_I|a ntlha ya CITES]]. Lenaane leno le ne le thibela kgwebisano ya boditšhabatšhaba ya ditlou tsa Afrika le dikarolo tsa mmele wa tsone ke dinaga tse di saenileng tumalano ya CITES. Go tsoma ditlou go thibetswe kwa Repaboliking ya Afrika Bogare, kwa Repaboliking ya puso ya batho ka batho ya Congo, kwa Gabon, kwa Côte d’Ivoire le kwa Senegal. Morago ga gore thibelo e tsene tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1990, thekiso ya ditshwantsho tse di [[:en:Ivory_carving|betlilweng tsa lonaka lwa tlou]] mo Aforika Borwa e wetse tlase ka go feta karolo ya masome a borobabongwe le botlhano mo lekgolong mo dingwageng di le lesome.<ref>Stiles, D.; Martin, E. (2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20200103093454/https://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/pachy30.pdf#page=27 Status and trends of the ivory trade in Africa, 1989–1999"] (PDF). Pachyderm. 30 (30): 24–36. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.69649/pachyderm.v30i1.1035|10.69649/pachyderm.v30i1.1035.]] Archived from [https://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/pachy30.pdf#page=27 the original] (PDF) on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2019.</ref> Ka ntlha ya thibelo ya kgwebisano, palo ya ditlou tsa Aforika e ne ya boela mannong kwa dinageng tsa [[:en:Southern_Africa|Borwa jwa Aforika]].<ref>Blanc, J. J.; Barnes, R. F. W.; Craig, G. C.; Dublin, H. T.; Thouless, C. R.; Douglas-Hamilton, I.; Hart, J. A. (2007)[https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/SSC-OP-033.pdf . African Elephant Status Report 2007: An update from the African Elephant Database] (PDF). Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 33. Gland: IUCN SSC African Elephant Specialist Group.</ref> Setlhopha sa Baitseanape ba Ditlou tsa Aforika se tlhomile ''Setlhopha sa Tiro sa Dikgotlhang tsa Batho le Ditlou'' ka maikaelelo a go tlhama maano a go fokotsa dikgotlhang.<ref>Naughton, L.; Rose, R.; Treves, A. (1999). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228594746 The social dimensions of human-elephant conflict in Africa: A literature review and case studies from Uganda and Cameroon.] Madison: University of Wisconsin.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2005, [[:en:West_African_Elephant_Memorandum_of_Understanding|Memorantamo wa Kutlwano wa Ditlou tsa]] [[:en:West_African_Elephant_Memorandum_of_Understanding|Bophirima jwa Aforika]] o ne wa bewa mowana ke mafatshe a le lesome le bobedi tsa Bophirima jwa Aforika. [[:en:Convention_on_the_Conservation_of_Migratory_Species_of_Wild_Animals|Tumalano ya Tshomarelo ya Mefuta e e Fudugang ya Diphologolo tsa Naga]] e ne ya tlamela ka tshegetso ya matlole dingwaga di le nne go diragatsa Leano la Tshomarelo ya Ditlou la Aforika Bophirima, le le bopang karolo e e botlhokwa ya tumalano eno ya dipuso.<ref>Dublin, H. (2005). "[https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/fulltext/17713 African Elephant Specialist Group report"]. Pachyderm (39): 1–9.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2019, thomelo ya kwa ntle ya ditlou tsa naga tsa Aforika kwa di-zoo go ralala lefatshe e ne ya thibelwa, kwa ntle ga phapogo e e neng ya okediwa ke EU go letla thomelontle mo "maemong a a sa tlwaelegang a mo go one ... go tsewang gore go fudusediwa kwa mafelong a pele ga tsone go tla tlamela ka melemo e e bonalang ya tshomarelo ya ditlou tsa Aforika". Pele, thomelontle e ne e letleletswe mo Aforika Borwa ka Zimbabwe e tshwara le go romela ntle masea a ditlou a a fetang lekgolo kwa lefelong la polokelo ya diphologolo tsa naga tsa China fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2012.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/aug/27/near-total-ban-imposed-on-sending-wild-african-elephants-to-zoos "Near-total ban imposed on sending wild African elephants to zoos"].</ref> Go fitlhetswe gore tshomarelo ya ditlou ga e tlhole kgwebisano le [[:en:Climate_change_mitigation|phokotso ya phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_mitigation|seemo]] sa bosa. Le fa diphologolo ka tlwaelo di baka phokotsego ya palo yotlhe ya bokete jwa ditshedi mo lefelong ya logong mme ka jalo le khabone e e fa godimo ga mmu, di rotloetsa [[:en:Carbon_sequestration|go tshwarwa ga khabone mo mmung]].<ref>Sandhage-Hofmann, A.; Linstädter, A.; Kindermann, L.; Angombe, S.; Amelung, W. (2021). [[doi:10.1111/gcb.15779|"Conservation with elevated elephant densities sequesters carbon in soils despite losses of woody biomass"]]. Global Change Biology. 27 (19): 4601–4614. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021GCBio..27.4601S 2021GCBio..27.4601S.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]][[doi:10.1111/gcb.15779|:10.1111/gcb.15779]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34197679 34197679].</ref> === Ditogamaano tsa tshomarelo === Mekgwa ya tshomarelo ya sešweng ya ditlou tsa Aforika e tsepamisitswe thata mo taolong ya maemo a kgaolo le tlhokomelo ya kgolagano ya tikologo magareng ga mafelo a a kgaoganeng moo mabaka a maitirelo e leng ntlha e kgolo e e tlhotlheletsang palo ya ditlou tsa Aforika. Ka go ranola mo ditselaneng tsa khudugo a diphologolo le ka go tsweletsa kgolagano magareng ga mafelo a a sireleditsweng, e tla tshegetsa mekgwa ya motsamao wa tlholego le phitlhelelo e e lekalekanang ya metswedi ya paka.<ref name=":18" />Maano a tshomarelo a tla akaretsa maiteko a go koafatsa ditlamorago tsa mafaratlhatlha a batho jaaka go tlosa magora le go tokafatsa thulaganyo ya tiriso ya lefatshe e e tla tshitshinyang go fokotsa go kgaogana ga bonno le kgotlhang ya ditlou tsa batho.<ref name=":18" />  Dintlha tse dingwe tse di tla nonotshang tshomarelo ya ditlou tsa Aforika di akaretsa taolo e e gokagantsweng ya boditšhabatšhaba jaaka fa mafelo a ditlou a anamisitswe ka bophara go ralala dipoa tsa Aforika le dikgaolo tsa go lea diphologolo tsa naga, le go kopanngwa ga baagi ba selegae mo thulaganyong ya tshomarelo.<ref name=":19" /> == Tsa Ngwao == [[Setshwantsho:Elephant african mask.jpg|thumb|Maseke o o naleng sebobedo sa tlou kwa Ivory Coast]] Di [[:en:Culture_of_Africa|ngwao tsa Aforika]] ka bontsi di tlotla tlou e le sesupo sa nonofo le maatla.<ref>http://www.edgeofexistence.org/mammals/species_info.php?id=77". EDGE: Mammal Species Information. Retrieved 7 December 2012.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20130710032204/http://www.cms.int/species/elephants/index.htm West African Elephants]". Convention on Migratory Species. Retrieved 7 December 2012.</ref>E gape e tlotliwa ka ntlha ya bogolo jwa yone, boleele jwa botshelo, boitshoko, botlhale, moya wa tirisanommogo le [[:en:Loyalty|boikanyego]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130330072035/http://www.fowler.ucla.edu/category/exhibitions-education/elephant-animal-and-its-ivory-african-culture "Elephant: The Animal and Its Ivory in African Culture".] Fowler Museum at UCLA. Archived from [http://www.fowler.ucla.edu/category/exhibitions-education/elephant-animal-and-its-ivory-african-culture the original] on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.</ref> Bohlokwa jwa yone mo ditumelong bo ikaegile thata ka go e tsaya e le [[:en:Totemism|phologolo e e emelang losika]] kgotsa setlhopha sa batho (totem).<ref>Sukumar, R. (2003). "The capture and use of the African elephant". The Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behaviour, and Conservation. Oxford, USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 81–88. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510778-4|978-0-19-510778-4.]] [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/935260783 935260783].</ref> Merafe e le mentsi e ne e dumela gore dikgosi tsa yone di tla tsalwa gape e le ditlou fa di sena go tlhokafala. Mo lekgolong la bolesome la dingwaga, batho ba [[:en:Igbo-Ukwu|Igbo-Ukwu]] kwa Nigeria ba ne ba fitlha baeteledipele ba bone ba na le manaka a tlou.<ref>Wylie, D. (2009). Elephant. Reaktion Books. p. 79. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-615-5|978-1-86189-615-5]]. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/740873839 740873839].</ref> [[:en:South_Africa|Aforika Borwa]] e dirisa dinaka tsa tlou mo [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa|sekapeng sa bosetšhaba]] (letshwao la semmuso la puso kgotsa la naga) go emela botlhale, maatla, tekatekano le botshelo jo bo sa khutleng.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20120904094036/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/symbols/coa/index.htm National Coat of Arms"]. South African Government Information. Archived from [http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/symbols/coa/index.htm the original] on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.</ref> Mo [[:en:Kingdom_of_Dahomey|Bogosing jwa Dahomey]] kwa Bophirima jwa Aforika (jo jaanong bo bidiwang [[:en:Benin|Benin]]), tlou e ne e amanngwa le babusi ba lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabbongwe la dingwaga ba [[:en:Fon_people|morafe wa Fon]], e bong [[:en:Guezo|Guezo]] le morwawe [[:en:Glele|Glele]].[a] Go dumelwa gore phologolo e e emela nonofo, boswa jwa bogosi le segopotso se se nnang tsotlhe, jaaka go bontshiwa ke maele a a reng: ''"Kwa tlou e fetang mo sekgweng, tsotlhe di a itse,''" le ''"Diphologolo di gata mo lefatsheng, mme tlou yona e gata fa batshe ka maatla.''"<ref>"[https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/318417 Elephant Figure | Fon peoples | The Met".] The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 12 December 2017.</ref> Folaga ya bone e ne e na le setshwantsho sa tlou e rwetse serwalo sa bogosi. ==== E le matshwao a bosetšhaba ==== [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Central_African_Republic|Sekapa sa bosetšhaba sa Lefatshe la Bogare jwa Aforika]] se na le tlhogo ya tlou mo karolong e e kwa godimo ka molema ya thebe. [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_Guinea|Sekapa sa bosetšhaba sa Guinea]] se se neng se dirisiwa go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1958 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1984 se ne se na le tlou ya gouta mo gare ga thebe. [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_Ivory_Coast|Sekapa sa bosetšhaba sa Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)]] se dirisa tlhogo ya tlou e le letshwao le legolo la sesupo sa sona. [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo|Sekapa sa bosetšhaba sa Rephaboliki ya Congo]] se na le ditlou di le pedi tse di tshwereng thebe. [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini|Sekapa sa bosetšhaba sa Eswatini]] se na le tlou le tau tse di emeng tsotlhe di tshegetsa thebe. == Bona gape == * [[:en:Africa's_Elephant_Kingdom|''Bogosi jwa Ditlou jwa Aforika'']] * [[:en:List_of_individual_elephants|Lenaane la ditlou ka bongwe]] Dintlha a. Guezo le Glele ba ne ba busa go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1818 go ya go kwa ngwageng wa 1858 le go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1858 go ya ko ngwageng wa 1889, ka go latelana . == Metswedi == <references /> == Dikgokagano tsa kwa ntle == * "[https://www.cms.int/en/species/loxodonta-africana Loxodonta africana]". ''Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals.'' 2020. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090318112402/http://elephant.elehost.com/About_Elephants/about_elephants.htm Elephant Information Repository] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318112402/http://elephant.elehost.com/About_Elephants/about_elephants.htm|date=18 March 2009}} – An in-depth resource on elephants * [http://faculty.jsd.claremont.edu/dmcfarlane/MtElgon/index.htm "Elephant caves" of Mt Elgon National Park] * [https://elephantvoices.org/ ElephantVoices] – Resource on elephant vocal communications * [https://www.elephanttrust.org/ Amboseli Trust for Elephants] – Interactive web site * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151107212924/http://anotherelephant.org/ Another Elephant] – A hub for saving the elephants. * David Quammen (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080826010035/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/samburu-elephants/quammen-text "Family ties – The elephants of Samburu"]. National Geographic Magazine. Archived from [http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/samburu-elephants/quammen-text the original] on 26 August 2008. * [https://eia-international.org/ EIA 25 yrs investigating the ivory trade, reports etc] * [https://us.eia.org/ EIA (in the USA) reports etc] * [https://elephantconservation.org/elephants/african-elephants/ International Elephant Foundation] * qwnktww4y25w9l1i873bej31cmc7xfv 0 13316 56279 50188 2026-10-05T12:30:38Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56279 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Clean water for a village in West Lombok (10686572086).jpg|thumb|Metsi a a nowang a a tswang mo pompong]] '''Metsi a a nowang''' ke metsi a a babalesegileng go ka nowa kgotsa go dirisiwa mo dijong. Gantsi a tswa mo dipompong, a bidiwa metsi a pompo. Selekanyo sa metsi a a tlhokafalang go netefatsa botsogo se a farologana, ebile se ikaegile ka go itekanela ga motho, digwaga, tse di amang botsogo, le seemo sa tikologo.<ref name=":0">Ann C. Grandjean (August 2004). "[https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/nutrientschap3.pdf 3]" (PDF). ''Water Requirements, Impinging Factors, & Recommended Intakes''. World Health Organization. pp. 25–34. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160222003438/http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/nutrientschap3.pdf Archived (]PDF) from the original on 22 February 2016 This 2004 article focuses on the USA context and uses data collected from the US military.</ref><ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093656/http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/pdfs/efh-complete.pdf Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition]'' (PDF). National Center for Environmental Assessment. September 2011. Archived from [https://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/pdfs/efh-complete.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref> Ba ba berekelang fa go leng mogote, ba tlhoka selekanyo sa di lithara di le lesome leborataro ka letsatsi.<ref name=":0" /> Batho ba ka nna di bilione di le pedi ga ba na metsi a a siametseng go nowa.<ref>[https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water "Drinking-water"]. ''World Health Organization''. March 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150605071028/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs391/en/ Archived] from the original on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref> Metsi a ka nna le tse di bakang malwetsi ebile a baka dintsho le malwetsi lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>[https://news.un.org/en/story/2010/03/333182 "Unsafe water kills more people than war, Ban says on World Day"]. UN News. 22 March 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180511014214/https://news.un.org/en/story/2010/03/333182-unsafe-water-kills-more-people-war-ban-says-world-day Archived] from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref> Mafatshe a a tlhabologang a amiwa thata ke metsi a a sa siamelang go nowa.<ref>Gadgil, Ashok J. (1998). [https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.energy.23.1.253 "Drinking Water in Developing Countries". ''Annual Review of Energy and the Environment''.] '''23''' (1). Annual Reviews: 253–286. <q>Unsafe drinking water remains a major issue in developing countries..</q></ref> == Metswedi ya metsi == [[Setshwantsho:E8661-Pattaya-water-vending-machines.jpg|thumb|Metšhine e e rekisang metsi a a nowang kwa Thailand. Lithara ya metsi e rekisiwa ka 1 baht.]] [[Setshwantsho:Water well types wiki.svg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa mefuta ya metsi a didiba]] Metsi a a nowang a teng mo mafelong a le mantsi a a nang le dipalopalo tsa batho mo lefatsheng ka bophara, le ntswa a ka tswa a tura, ebile metswedi e sa itekanela. Metswedi ya metsi e akaretsa melatswana le metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe a a tswang mo go beeletseng metsi a pula, metsi a a mo godimo ga lefatshe (go tswa mo dinkoneg, melapo le dikgapetla) kgotsa metsi a lewatle a a ntshitsweng letswai. Gore metswedi e e kgone go nosa sentle mo go babablesegileng, e tshwanetse go amogela go alafiwa mo go lekaneng ga metsi le go emelela seelo sa metsi a a siametseng go nowa.<ref>Hall, Ellen L.; Dietrich, Andrea M. (2000). "[http://www.wrb.ri.gov/data_education/Education_Drinking_Water_History.pdf A Brief History of Drinking Water]." [https://web.archive.org/web/20150208023718/http://www.wrb.ri.gov/data_education/Education_Drinking_Water_History.pdf Archived] 8 February 2015 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] Washington: American Water Works Association. Product No. OPF-0051634, Accessed 05 June 2026</ref> Motswedi wa tekeletso ke wa motšhine o o gopang metsi mo phefong.<ref>Lord, Jackson; Thomas, Ashley; Treat, Neil; Forkin, Matthew; Bain, Robert; Dulac, Pierre; Behroozi, Cyrus H.; Mamutov, Tilek; Fongheiser, Jillia; Kobilansky, Nicole; Washburn, Shane; Truesdell, Claudia; Lee, Clare; Schmaelzle, Philipp H. (October 2021). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8550973 "Global potential for harvesting drinking water from air using solar energy"]. ''Nature''. '''598''' (7882): 611–617. [[:en:Bibcode|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Natur.598..611L :2021Natur.598..611L]. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03900-w doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03900-w]. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1476-4687 1476-4687]. [[:en:PubMed_Central#PMCID|PMC]] [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8550973/ 8550973.] [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34707305/ 34707305.]</ref> Melatswana gantsi e dirisiwa e le metswedi ya metsi a a mo mabotlolong.<ref>Schardt, David (2000). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090516005745/http://www.cspinet.org/nah/water/ "Water, Water Everywhere".] Washington, D.C.: Center for Science in the Public Interest. Archived from [https://www.cspi.org/nah/water the original] on 16 May 2009.</ref> == Phatlalatso ya metsi == Tsela e e siameng ebile e tshwanetse go tsamaisa metsi a a nowang ke ka diphaepe. Go tsenya diphaepe go ka tlhoka madi a mantsi. Mafaratlhatlha mangwe a lopa madi a mantsi a go tsamaisa metsi. Madi a a tlhokafalang go baakanya mafaratlhatlha a metsi a ka lopa dibilone di le makgolo a mabedi ka ngwaga. Go dutla ga metsi a a sa tlhatswiwang le a a tlhatswitsweng mo diphaepeng go fokotsa kgonagalo ya go bona metsi. Go dutla ga bokete jwa 50% go tlwaelesegile mo mafaratlhatlheng a ditoropo.<ref>United Nations. World Water Assessment Programme (2009). "[https://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/wwdr3-2009/downloads-wwdr3/ Water in a Changing World: Facts and Figures]." [https://web.archive.org/web/20120624080709/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/wwdr3-2009/downloads-wwdr3 Archived] 24 June 2012 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] World Water Development Report 3. p. 58 Accessed 05 June 2026</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Water system.pdf|thumb|Setshwantsho se se tlhofofaditsweng sa mafarafatlha a phatlalatso ya metsi]] Metsi a pompo, a a tsisiwang ke mafaratlhatlha a selegae a raya metsi a a isiwang kwa malwapeng ka diphaepe go ya dipompong. == Selekanyo == === Tiriso mo matlong === Kwa [[USA|United States]], metsi a a nowang mo lolwapeng a selekanyo sa dilithara di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a marataro le bobedi ka letsatsi.<ref>Mayer, P.W.; DeOreo, W.B.; Opitz, E.M.; Kiefer, J.C.; Davis, W.Y.; Dziegielewski, B.; & Nelson, J.O., 1999. Residential End Uses of Water. AWWARF and AWWA, Denver.</ref><ref>William B. DeOreo, Peter Mayer, Benedykt Dziegielewski, Jack Kiefer. 2016. Residential End Uses of Water, Version 2. Water Research Foundation. Denver, Colorado.</ref> Mo go one ke 1% fela e e dirisiediwang go nowa le go apaya.<ref>Joseph Cotruvo, Victor Kimm, Arden Calvert. [https://www.epaalumni.org/hcp/drinkingwater.pdf "Drinking Water: A Half Century of Progress."] [https://www.epaalumni.org/hcp/drinkingwater.pdf Archived] 2020-07-31 at the [https://www.epaalumni.org/hcp/drinkingwater.pdf Wayback Machine] EPA Alumni Association. 1 March 2016.</ref> Ditiriso di akaretsa (go ya kwa tlase) matlwana a boithomelo, go tlhatswa, go tlhapa le a a dutlang. === Tiriso ya go nowa === [[Setshwantsho:Total Renewable Water Resources Per Capita (2020).svg|thumb|Metswedi ya metsi ka 2020]] Selekanyo sa letsati le letsatsi sa metsi a a nowang ke batho se a farologana.<ref>Ann C. Grandjean (August 2004). "[https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/nutrientschap3.pdf 3]" (PDF). ''Water Requirements, Impinging Factors, & Recommended Intakes''. World Health Organization. pp. 25–34. [https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/nutrientschap3.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 22 February 2016.This 2004 article focuses on the USA context and uses data collected from the US military.</ref> Go ya ka ditiro, dingwaga, botsogo le tikologo. Kwa [[USA|United States]], metsi a a nowang ke borre ba ba dingwaga di feta lesome le borobabobedi a ka nna dilithara di le nne ka letsatsi, fa di le tharo ka letsatsi di nowa ke bomme ba ba fetang lesome le borobabobedi; 80% o tswa mo dinong fa 20% a tswa mo dijong.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006174858/http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2004/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-Water-Potassium-Sodium-Chloride-and-Sulfate.aspx US daily reference intake values]". Iom.edu. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20111006174858/http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2004/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-Water-Potassium-Sodium-Chloride-and-Sulfate.aspx the original] on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref> Lekgotla le le okametseng pabalesego ya dijo kwa Yuropa le laela dilithara di le pedi tsa metsi go nowa ke bomme fa borre bone ba tshwanetse go nwa di le pedi le sephatlo ka letsatsi.<ref>EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (2010). [https://doi.wiley.com/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1459 "Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water"]. ''EFSA Journal''. '''8''' (3): 1459. [[Doi:|doi:]][https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1459 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1459].</ref> === Diphologolo === Selekanyo le bophepa jwa metsi a a nowang ke diphologolo tsa mo gae se sekasekiwa go lebeletswe dithuto tsa tlhokomelo ya diphologolo. Sekai, morui o ka rulaganyetsa kgomo ya maš di lithara di le lekgolo, masome a mararo ka letsatsi, boraro jwa seo e le jwa pitse, fa lesome e le la kolobe.<ref>[https://aermotorwindmill.com/pages/windmills-and-water-needs "Average Daily Water Needs".] ''Aermotor Windmill Company''. Retrieved 2026-05-06</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ke dipatlisiso di se kae fela tse di itebagantseng le mokgwa wa go nwa metsi ga diphologolo tsa naga. == Boleng == [[Setshwantsho:Safe drink tap water map.png|thumb|Mafatshe a metsi a pompo a babalesegileng go nowa (botala jwa loapi)]] Go ya ka pego ya 2017 ya lekgotla la botsogo la mafatshefatshe, metsi a a siametseng go nowa ke metsi a a senang kgoagalo ya go baka bolwetse fa a nowa, go akaretsa go tlhoka go nna sentle mo go ka tlhagogang fa botshelo bo ntse bo tsweletse.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260605102928/https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/254637/9789241549950-eng.pdf;jsessionid%3DDA6171D77279042976C951FA548B1900%3Fsequence%3D1 Guidelines for Drinking‑water Quality] (PDF) (Report) (4 ed.). World Health Organization. 2017. p. 631. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-4-154995-0|978-92-4-154995-0]]</bdi>. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-4-154995-0|Archived]] from the original on 2021-11-02. Retrieved 2016-05-06</ref> Go ya ka pego ya UNICEF le UNESCO, lefatshe la [[Finland]] le na le metsi a a boleng jo bo kwa godimo go gaisa a mangwe mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref>[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000129726_eng "WWDR1: Water for People – water for life"] (PDF). [[UNESCO]] and [[:en:Berghahn_Books|Berghahn Books]]. 2003. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170616003750/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001297/129726e.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2017. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref><ref>[https://www.turku.fi/en/news/2021-12-01_quality-water-produced-turku-region-water-rated-best-world-unesco "The quality of water produced by Turku Region Water is rated the best in the world by Unesco".] City of Turku. 1 December 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220921173945/https://www.turku.fi/en/news/2021-12-01_quality-water-produced-turku-region-water-rated-best-world-unesco Archived] from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref> === Ditsela tsa go ela tlhoko boleng === Go ela tlhoko boleng jwa metsi a a nowang go wela mo methaleng e meraro: ditshidi, dikhemikhale le popego. == Metswedi == t7qzpbgy30hd5rngjcwpwj4fqbkwm49 0 14192 56282 51837 2026-10-05T14:22:40Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56282 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Antainambalana''' (E itsege gape ka leina la Antainambalan mo dimmapeng dingwe) <ref>[https://www.telegraphjournal.com/telegraph-journal/story/33556866/ruffed-lemurs-have-a-bni?source=story-related "Telegraph-Journal"]. ''www.telegraphjournal.com''.</ref>ke noka e e mo kgaolong ya Am gbedoxɔa kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa lefatshe la [[Madagascar]]. E elela go tswa kwa dithabeng go ya kwa Bay of Antongil le Indian Ocean gaufi le Maroantsetra. <ref>(in French) [https://web.archive.org/web/20181109180632/http://www.madamax.com/index.php/fr/antainambalana.html Madamax Rafting] Archived 2018-11-09 at the Wayback Machine</ref>Bodiba jwa yone bo bogolo jwa 5,902 km2 (2,279 mi2).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.environnement.mg/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/9.-Chapitre-5-Eaux-Douces_gire.pdf |title=Le Canal de Pangalane, E Madagascar |access-date=2026-06-27 |archive-date=2023-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129080829/https://www.environnement.mg/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/9.-Chapitre-5-Eaux-Douces_gire.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ditso == Mo ngwagakgolong wa bo lesome le borobabobedi noka eno e ne ya bidiwa Noka ya Tingballe ke batsamai ba dikepe ba ntlha ba Yuropa.<ref>[http://epa.oszk.hu/01400/01462/00037/pdf/205-238.pdf "Voigt 2007. Maurice Benyovszky and his "Madagascar Protocolle" (1772-1776). Hungarian Studies 21/1-2"] (PDF).</ref> == Metswedi == 1t1wqhxhn9d0ahgye5szwh78yudg99c 0 14752 56276 53503 2026-10-05T12:07:33Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56276 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matshidiso Rebecca Natalie Moeti''' ke ngaka ya Motswana, moitseanape wa boitekanelo jwa setšhaba le motsamaisi wa tsa kalafi yo o neng a dira jaaka Mokaedi wa Kgaolo wa Kantoro ya Kgaolo ya Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Boitekanelo wa Aforika (AFRO), e e kwa ntlokgolong kwa [[Brazzaville,]] Rephaboliki ya Congo, go tloga ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025)<ref>McNeil Jr., Donald G. (27 January 2015). [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/28/world/africa/botswana-doctor-is-named-to-lead-who-in-africa.html "Botswana Doctor Is Named to Lead W.H.O. in Africa".] ''The New York Times''.</ref><ref>[https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-farewell-remarks-for-outgoing-regional-director-moeti---4-february-2025 "WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the farewell remarks for outgoing Regional Director Moeti – 4 February 2025".] ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 2025-05-30.</ref><ref name=":0">World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa (1 February 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150131080910/http://www.afro.who.int/en/sixty-fourth-session/rd-nomination/biography-dr-moeti.html "Biography – Dr Matshidiso Rebecca Moeti – WHO Regional Director for Africa".] Brazzaville. Archived from the original on January 31, 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2017.</ref> == Botshelo jwa ntlha le thuto == Moeti o tsholetswe mo Aforika Borwa ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano (1950).<ref name=":0" />Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi (1978), o ne a bona dikirii ya gagwe ya MBBS kwa Sekolong sa Bongaka sa Royal Free Hospital sa Yunibesithi ya Lontone. Moragonyana, ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borataro (1986), o ne a aloga ka Masetase ya Saense mo Botsogong jwa Baagi jwa Dinaga Tse di Tlhabologang kwa Sekolong sa London sa Bophepa le Kalafi ya Boboatsatsi. == Mokgwa wa go itshetsa le tswelelopele == Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990), Moeti o ne a direla lephata la botsogo la Botswana. Morago ga moo o ne a tsenela UNAIDS, a tlhatlogela kwa maemong a Moeteledipele wa Setlhopha sa Aforika le Middle East Desk, e e kwa Geneva, go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999). Gape o ne a dira jaaka Mogakolodi wa Pholo wa Kgaolo wa Ofisi ya Kgaolo ya UNICEF ya Aforika Botlhaba le Borwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241026154601/https://www.afro.who.int/regional-director/biography "Dr Matshidiso Moeti"]. ''WHO | Regional Office for Africa''. Archived from the original on 2024-10-26. Retrieved 2022-09-23.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999), Moeti o ne a tsenela Ofisi ya Kgaolo ya WHO mo Aforika, a dira ka HIV/AIDS. O ne a tlhomiwa go nna Mothusa Mokaedi wa Kgaolo, a direla mo maemong ao go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011). Gape o ne a direla jaaka Mokaedi wa Malwetse a a sa Tshelanweng kwa ofising ya kgaolo. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007), o ne a direla jaaka Moemedi wa Naga wa WHO kwa Malawi. Ka nako ya fa a ne a tlhomiwa mo maemong a gagwe a ga jaana, e ne e le Mogokaganyi wa Setlhopha sa Tshegetso sa Dinaga Tse di Farologaneng sa dinaga tsa Aforika Borwa le Botlhaba tsa Kgaolo ya Aforika ya WHO.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150128043154/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2015/dr-matshidiso-moeti/en/ "WHO Executive Board Appoints Dr Matshidiso Moeti As New Regional Director for Africa"]. WHO Media Centre. 27 January 2015. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.</ref> Moeti o tlhomilwe jaaka Mokaedi wa Kgaolo wa Kantoro ya Kgaolo ya WHO ya Aforika ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), ke Boto ya Khuduthamaga ya WHO e e neng e ntse kwa kopanong ya yona ya bo lekgolo le masome a mararo le borataro kwa Geneva, kwa Switzerland. O ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha go etelela pele ofisi eno.<ref>Timbiti, Watuwa (28 January 2015). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/664179-who-gets-new-africa-region-head.html "WHO Gets New Africa Region Head".] ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 28 January 2015.</ref>O ne a simolola tiro ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), go dira paka e e ka ntšhwafadiwang ya dingwaga di le tlhano.<ref name=":1" />Seno se ne sa latela kamogelo ya ditona tsa boitekanelo tsa dinaga di le masome a mane le bosupa tse di leng maloko mo Kgaolong ya Aforika, kwa kopanong ya bone kwa Cotonou, Benin, ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesomele bone (2014). O tsere sebaka sa ga Luis Gomes Sambo wa Angola, yo o neng a dira jaaka Mokaedi wa AFRO go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015).<ref>Elijah, Samuel (5 November 2014). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-ebola-who-idUSKBN0IP1MW20141105 "WHO Veteran Elected As Head of Africa Office Amid Ebola Criticism"]. Reuters. Retrieved 28 January 2015.</ref>O ne a tlhophiwa gape mo pakeng ya bobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2019).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200324180132/http://botswana-brussels.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Press-Release-DR-MATSHIDISO-REBECCA-MOETI-ELECTED-TO-SERVE-FOR-A-SECOND-TERM-AS-THE-WHO-REGIONAL-DIRECTOR-FOR-AFRICA.pdf "Dr Matshidiso Rebecca Moeti elected to serve for a second term as the WHO Regional Director for Africa"] (PDF) (Press release). Gaborone: Botswana Ministry of International Affairs and Cooperation. 22 August 2019.</ref>O ne a tlhatlhangwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025) ke Mohamed Yakub Janabi wa kwa Tanzania.<ref>Adepoju, Paul (2025-05-31). [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01141-9/abstract "Janabi elected as new WHO Regional Director for Africa".] ''The Lancet''. '''405''' (10493): 1896. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01141-9. ISSN&#x20;0140-6736</ref> == Ditiro tse dingwe == * Virchow Prize for Global Health, Member of the Council (since 2022) * Centre for International Health Protection (ZIG), Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Member of the Scientific Advisory Board (since 2020) * WomenLift Health, Member of the Global Advisory Board * World Health Summit, Member of the Council == Selected publications == [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scholia_logo.svg|alt=logo|class=noviewer|40x40px]] Scholia has an ''author'' profile for '''''Matshidiso Moeti'''''. * {{Wikidata+icon|Q23915986|y}} * {{Wikidata+icon|Q33284723|y}} * {{Wikidata+icon|Q43927635|y}} * {{Wikidata+icon|Q46717997|y}} * {{Wikidata+icon|Q29196564|y}} * {{Wikidata+icon|Q38878266|y}} * {{Wikidata+icon|Q50057136|y}} * {{Wikidata+icon|Q94559773|y}} == Metswedi == 6zg34i8grjru68np8hb0lhrfhxisbni 0 14805 56285 54867 2026-10-05T15:03:16Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56285 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Obakeng Kamberuka''' o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi leboraro(2003) ke motshameki wa lebelo go tswa Botswana. O ne a nna mmampodi wa bosetšhaba wa Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro( 2026) mme o ne a gapa sekgele sa selefera mo metareng e le makgolo a mane kwa Dikgaisanyong tsa Aforika tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro (2026).Ngwaga oo, o ne a nna mmamoratwa wa Botswana mo metshamekong ya 200 metres. <ref>[https://worldathletics.org/athletes/botswana/obakeng-kamberuka-14936354 Obakeng Kamberuka]". World Athletics. Retrieved 15 May 2026.</ref> == Ditso == Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023), o ne a taboga jaaka karolo ya setlhopha sa Botswana sa relay kwa Metshamekong ya Lefatshe ya Metshameko ya Maatla ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023) kwa Budapest, Hungary.<ref>[https://worldathletics.org/competition/calendar-results/results/7138987?eventId=204596 World Athletics Championships, Budapest 2023"]. ''World Athletics''. 27 August 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2026.</ref><ref>Kolantsho, Calistus (August 12, 2023). "[https://www.mmegi.bw/ampArticle/109394 Moroko makes surprise return to relay team".] ''mmegi.bw''. Retrieved 15 May 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024),o ne a gapa dimetlele tsa selefera mo metshamekong ya 4 × 400 m relay,<ref>[https://worldathletics.org/competition/calendar-results/results/7207013?eventId=10229988 "African Games]". World Athletics. 18 March 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024</ref><ref>Mlilo, Portia (31 March 2024). "[https://thevoicebw.com/relay-rockets/ Relay rockets".] thevoicebw. Retrieved 15 May 2026.</ref>le dimetlele tsa boronse mo metshamekong ya basadi ya 4 × 400 m relay kwa Metshamekong ya Aforika ya 2023 kwa Accra, [[Ghana]].<ref>[https://worldathletics.org/competition/calendar-results/results/7207013?eventId=204596 "African Games".] World Athletics. 18 March 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.</ref> O ne a taboga jaaka karolo ya Botswana Mixed 4 × 400 m relay team kwa [[2024 World Relays Championships]] kwa Nassau, Bahamas<ref>[https://www.watchathletics.com/page/5395/mixed-4x400m-results-world-athletics-relays-championships-2024 Mixed 4x400m Results - World Athletics Relays Championships 2024"]. Watch Athletics. 5 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.</ref>. O ne a gapa dimetlele tsa boronse mo metshamekong ya 4 × 400 m ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024) kwa Douala, Cameroon. <ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/80230 Mixed relay team wins bronze]". dailynews.gov.bw. Retrieved 15 May 2026</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro (2026),o ne a taboga mo metsotswaneng e le 50.97 go fenya sekgele sa dimetara di le makgolo a mane kwa Botswana Championships ya 2026.<ref>Kolantsho, Calistus (April 13, 2026). "[https://www.mmegi.bw/ampArticle/122143 Coach hopeful of a strong women's relay team".] mmegi.bw. Retrieved 15 May 2026.</ref><ref>[https://worldathletics.org/competition/calendar-results/results/7241518?eventId=10229511 Botswana Championships"]. World Athletics. 3 April 2026. Retrieved 15 May 2026.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro (2026), o ne a emela Botswana kwa 2026 World Athletics Relays kwa Gaborone, Botswana, mme e ne e le karolo ya setlhopha se se kopaneng sa 4 × 400 m relay se se tlhomileng rekoto e ntšhwa ya bosetšhaba ya 3:13.51.<ref>Omogbeja, Yomi (May 3, 2026)[https://web.archive.org/web/20260730220551/https://www.athletics.africa/news-features/liveblogs/live-day-2-debswana-world-athletics-relays-gaborone-26-23898 . "Day 2 – Debswana World Athletics Relays Gaborone 26"]. Athletics.Africa.</ref><ref>https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-relays/gaborone26/results/mixed/4x400-metres-relay/world-ch-qualifying-round-2/startlist</ref>O ne gape a taboga mo kgaisanong ya basadi ya 4 × 400 metres relay kwa dikgaisanyong tsa bommampodi. <ref>[https://worldathletics.org/competition/calendar-results/results/7216920?eventId=204596&gender=W World Athletics Relays]". World Athletics. 3 May 2026. Retrieved 20 May 2026.</ref> Moragonyana mo kgweding eo, o ne a gapa sekgele sa selefera mo metareng e le 400 kwa Metshamekong ya Aforika ya 2026 kwa Accra. <ref>[https://worldathletics.org/news/report/eseme-eppie-amusan-2026-african-championships-accra Historic firsts define opening days of African Championships in Accra]". World Athletics. Retrieved 15 May 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.olympics.com/en/news/african-athletics-championships-2026-lee-eppie-botswana-charge-day-3 African Athletics Championships 2026: Lee Eppie leads Botswana charge as Day 3 delivers first medals for hosts Ghana]". Olympics.com. 14 May 2026. Retrieved 15 May 2026.</ref>Mo kgweding e e latelang, o ne a tlhoma rekoto ya bosetšhaba ya Botswana mo dimetareng tse makgolo a mabedi ka metsotswana e le 22.79 kwa Gaborone.<ref>[https://worldathletics.org/competition/calendar-results/results/7230625?eventId=10229510 The Village Power Shot]". World Athletics. 27 June 2026. Retrieved 28 July 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == mht7lckiti1j5t08js8ys6xhk78q72g 0 14998 56324 55236 2026-10-06T09:29:22Z VNGao 10152 56324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Andrea R Canaan|birth_date=1950|birth_place=New Orleans, Louisana, [[United States]]|other names=Andrea Ruth Canaan Andrea Ruth Ransom Canaan|education=Tulane University University of San Francisco|occupation=Mokwadi|known for=Go lwela ditshwanelo|notable works=Buka ya Browness in This Bridge Called My Back ya ngwaga wa 1981|website=andreacanaan.wordpress.com}} '''[[:en:Andrea_R._Canaan|Andrea R. Canaan]]''' (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano) ke mokwadi, sebui, morulaganyi wa setshaba, mmoki le [[:en:Black_feminism|molwela ditshwanelo tsa batho bantsho kana bana ba mmala wa sebilo.]] == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Canaan o tsholetswe kwa [[:en:New_Orleans|New Orleans]], Louisana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabaongwe le masome a matlhano. O godiseditswe mo setshabeng se se utlwanang thata sa go lwela ditshwanelo le bodumedi.<ref name=":0">Moraga, Cherríe; Anzaldúa, Gloria, eds. (2015). ''This Bridge Called My Back, Fourth Edition: Writings by Radical Women of Color''. State University of New York Press. pp.&nbsp;232–238, 268. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1438454382|978-1438454382]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/894128432 894128432.]</ref> Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi, Canaan o ne a dirisiwa dikgoka mo go tsa thobalano ke moruti wa kereke ya Methodist, mme gape a bogisiwa ke morutabana wa mme kwa motlaaganeng wa kereke.<ref name=":1">Crawford, Anna Elaine Brown (January 1, 2002). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=3Kb6s4xNytEC&q=%22Andrea+Canaan%22&pg=PA79&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=%22Andrea%20Canaan%22&f=false Hope in the Holler: A Womanist Theology]''. Westminster John Knox Press. pp.&nbsp;79, 85. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780664222543|<bdi>9780664222543</bdi>.]]</ref> Canaan o supile fa maagwe a ne a itse ka pogiso e, mme a seka a dira sepe go mo thusa.<ref name=":1" /> Canaan o buile ka pogiso e mo tirong ya gagwe ka go ama ditlhogo kana kgang thito tsa pogiso ya sedumedi ya baeteledipele.<ref name=":1" /> Canaan o na le dithuto tsa [[:en:Master_of_Social_Work|M.S.W]] go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa [[:en:Tulane_University|University of Tulane]], le M.F.A mo go tsa dipolelo tse di itlhametsweng go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa [[:en:University_of_San_Francisco|University of San Francisco]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi, o ne a aloga ka [[:en:Master_of_Fine_Arts|M.F.A]] ya gagwe ya bobedi ya dipolelo tse di itlhametsweng kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Goddard_College|Goddard College]] kwa Vermont.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171107031510/https://andreacanaan.wordpress.com/about/ "About".] ''Black Magnolias''. April 11, 2015. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, Canaan o ne a bereka e le mookamedi wa lephata la bomme le tsa pereko le le thusang go fa bomme ditiro tse e seng tsa tlwaelesego. == Tsa pereko == Lorato lwa botlhami lwa ga Canaan ke go itekanela o le motho, phetogo ya ditlhong go nna kgothatso mo go ene le mo matshelong a basadi ba bangwe ba mmala o montsho.<ref name=":1" /> Tiro ya gagwe e lebelela ditlhogo tsa bomme ba bantsho, tiriso [[:en:Sexual_abuse|dikgoka mo go tsa tlhakanelo dikobo]], gore motho ke mang le [[:en:Friendship|botsalano]] gareng ga [[:en:Black_women|bomme ba mmala o montsho]].<ref>Quashie, Kevin Everod (2004). ''[[iarchive:blackwomenidenti0000quas|Black Women, Identity, and Cultural Theory: (un)becoming the Subject]]''. Rutgers University Press. pp.&nbsp;[[iarchive:blackwomenidenti0000quas/page/17|17]]–18. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780813533674|9780813533674]]</bdi>. <q>andrea r canaan black women identity.</q></ref><ref>Bell, Linda A. (2012). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=dj26NB2H-2EC&q=Canaan&pg=PA231&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Canaan&f=false Beyond the Margins: Reflections of a Feminist Philosopher]''. SUNY Press. p.&nbsp;102. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780791486016|<bdi>9780791486016</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>Berger, Michele Tracy; Guidroz, Kathleen (January 1, 2010). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=xv46tpxONoQC&q=%22Andrea+Canaan%22&pg=PA85&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=%22Andrea%20Canaan%22&f=false The Intersectional Approach: Transforming the Academy through Race, Class, and Gende]r''. Univ of North Carolina Press. p.&nbsp;83. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780807895566|978080789556]]6</bdi>.</ref> == Dipadi == * ''[[:en:This_Bridge_Called_My_Back|This Bridge Called My Back]]''<ref>Faulkner, Mara (1993). ''[[iarchive:protestpossibili0000faul|Protest and Possibility in the Writing of Tillie Olsen]]''. University of Virginia Press. pp.[[iarchive:protestpossibili0000faul/page/106|&nbsp;106]]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780813914176|<bdi>9780813914176</bdi>.]] <q>Andrea Canaan.</q></ref> * ''The Salt Box House on Bayou Black'' === Dikgaolo tsa dibuka === * Canaan, Adrea (1994), "I call up names: facing childhood sexula abuse", in White, Evelyn C. (ed), The BlAck women's health book, Seattle: Seal Press, pp. 78-81, ISBN 9781878067401. * Canaan, Andrea (1987), "God bless the child", in Pollack, Sandra J.; Vaughn, Jeanne (eds.), [[iarchive:politicsofhearta00poll/page/279|Politics of the heart: a lesbian parenting anthology]], Ithaca, N.Y.: Firebrand Books, pp. [[iarchive:politicsofhearta00poll/page/279|279–285]], [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780932379351|9780932379351]]. == Metswedi == gpcisozy3siz6tibnsdwzlrz4i2wuvu 0 14999 56321 55095 2026-10-06T08:09:44Z VNGao 10152 56321 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Bol''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe Firikgong a rogwa) ke mmabontle wa kwa [[South Sudan]]<ref>[https://www.vogue.com/article/grace-bol-spring-denim-guide "Grace Bol on the Best Denim for Tall Girls]". ''Vogue''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> o o itsegeng ka go gata mo ditshupong tsa kapari tsa Victoria's Secret ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa le wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://www.vogue.com/article/grace-bol-spring-denim-guide "Every Model Confirmed to Walk in the 2018 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show".] ''Harper's BAZAAR''. 2018-11-02. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> == Tsa pereko == Tiro ya gagwe ya mmabontle e simolotse a le dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe, fa a fudugela kwa New York morago ga go batliwa kwa toropong ya gagwe ya Kansas kwa Missouri.<ref>[https://trueafrica.co/article/grace-bol-the-south-sudanese-model-taking-the-industry-by-storm/ "Grace Bol: the South Sudanese model on all the catwalks | TRUE Africa".] ''TRUE Africa''. 2015-10-06. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Grace o ne a nna le kgatelo pele ya ntlha fa a simolola go bereka ka fa tlase ga lekgotla la bookamedi la Major Model,<ref name=":0">[https://nymag.com/fashion/models/gbol/gracebol/ "Grace Bol - Fashion Model - Profile on New York Magazine".] ''nymag.com''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> a bo a gata mo ditshupong tsa paka ya letlhafula tsa [[Givenchy]], [[Maison Martin Marigela]] le [[Vivienne Westwood]] kwa Paris.<ref>[https://www.thecut.com/2011/06/meet_the_new_girl_grace_bol.html "Meet the New Girl: Grace Bol Gets Mistaken for Alek Wek 'All the Time'".] ''The Cut''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> O ne gape a emetse go tsewa dinepe tsa letsholo la ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso la Givenchy.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241216042508/https://www.vogue.it/en/vogue-black/the-black-blog/2012/08/grace-bol#ad-image215001 "Grace Bol - Vogue.it"] (in Italian). Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano, Grace o ne a tsena mo pakeng ya kgatelopele fa a tlhagelela mo ditshupong tsa [[Rick Owens]], Proenza Schouler, [[Balenciaga]], gape a bula ditshupo tsa Hermes. O tlhageletse mo dikuranteng tsa Flaunt, Vogue ya kwa Germany, [[Marie]] [[Claire]] kwa USA, Harper's Bazaar kwa UK, kuranta ya W, le mo pating ya I-D.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa, o ne a gatela ditshupo tsa [[Victoria's Secret]] kwa Shanghai<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/victorias-secret-fashion-show-new-models-2017-11#at-19-bol-was-discovered-at-a-shopping-mall-in-kansas-city-missouri-according-to-dazed-now-27-she-will-walk-in-the-victorias-secret-fashion-show-for-the-first-time-9 "Meet the 17 new models walking in the 2017 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show"]. ''INSIDER''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref>, a tlhagelela gape mo letsholong la [[Balmain.]]<ref>Dazed (2017-04-20). [https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/35629/1/alek-wek-and-grace-bol-viviane-sassen "Alex Wek and Grace Bol are fighting for peace in South Sudan"]. ''Dazed''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi, o ne a gata gape mo [[ditshupong tsa Victoria's secret]] tsa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>Wasilak, Sarah. [https://www.popsugar.com/fashion/victoria-secret-fashion-show-models-2018-45245504 "Your Full List of Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Models For 2018 — and Their Adorable Reactions"]. ''POPSUGAR Fashion''. Retrieved 9 September 2026</ref> == Metswedi == d6kooyq5mcsz0wwon1wjbbh0cnk4n02 0 15013 56329 55476 2026-10-06T10:15:25Z VNGao 10152 /* BOTSHELO JWA PELE LE DITHUTO */ 56329 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Hazel_Carby|Hazel Vivian Carby]] ('''o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano mo [[:en:Okehampton|Okehampton,]]Devon)<ref>Tsakanias, Caroline (4 August 2018). [https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/carby-hazel-v-1948/ "Hazel V. Carby (1948– )"]. [[:en:BlackPast.org|BlackPast.org.]] Retrieved 9 June 2023.</ref> mopoporofesara Emerita wa [[:en:Black_studies|African American Studies]] le [[:en:American_studies|American Studies]].O direla jaaka Charles Charles C. le Dorathea S. Dilley e le mopoporofesa wa [[:en:Black_studies|African American Studie]]<nowiki/>s le American Studies kwa [[:en:Yale_University|Yale University]]. == BOTSHELO JWA PELE LE DITHUTO == Hazel Carby o tshotswe ke batsadi ba mo Jamaican le Welsh mo [[:en:Okehampton|Okehampton]], mo [[:en:Devon|Devon,]]UK,ka kgwedi ya Firikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabobedi (1948.)<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/carby-hazel-1948 "Carby, Hazel 1948–",] Encyclopedia.com.</ref>O na le digerata tsa BA mo sekgoeng le mo gotsa Ditso gotswa mo University ya [[:en:Portsmouth_Polytechnic|Portsmouth Polytechnic]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa, ga nna gape ke [[:en:Professional_Graduate_Certificate_in_Education|PGCE]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi kwa [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Education|Sekolong sa go Rutuntsha Barutabana]], mo [[:en:University_of_London|sekolong segolwane sa Ithutelo tiro sa London]]. One a ruta mo sekolong se segolwane gotswa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabongwe, mme a boela kwa mmadikolo kwa [[:en:University_of_Birmingham|Birmingham University]] [[:en:Centre_for_Contemporary_Cultural_Studies|Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies]], koo a neng a aloga mo M.A ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabongwe le Ph. D ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi. == Tiro == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso, Carby one a supiwa jalo ele morutuntshi mo lephateng la dithuto tsa sekgowa (English Department) kwa [[:en:Yale_University|Yale University]] (Botswana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso gotsena ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi,mme morago ga moo a ruta sekgowa kwa [[:en:Wesleyan_University|Wesleyan University]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe 1982–89), mme morago a ikgolaganya le Yale University ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo, a robabongwe , masome a robabobedi lle borobabongwe. Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le lesome le borobabongwe, one a gatisa In 2019 she published, to wide critical acclaim, an autobiographical account of the British Empire, entitled Imperial Intimacies : A Tale of Two Islands (2019). Carby has lectured at colleges and universities worldwide including the University of Notre Dame, Stanford University, the University of Paris, and the University of Toronto. == METSWEDI == bspqcnds4i4d2cyz582pfhig08qpmi4 56337 56329 2026-10-06T11:01:35Z VNGao 10152 /* METSWEDI */ 56337 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Hazel_Carby|Hazel Vivian Carby]] ('''o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano mo [[:en:Okehampton|Okehampton,]]Devon)<ref>Tsakanias, Caroline (4 August 2018). [https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/carby-hazel-v-1948/ "Hazel V. Carby (1948– )"]. [[:en:BlackPast.org|BlackPast.org.]] Retrieved 9 June 2023.</ref> mopoporofesara Emerita wa [[:en:Black_studies|African American Studies]] le [[:en:American_studies|American Studies]].O direla jaaka Charles Charles C. le Dorathea S. Dilley e le mopoporofesa wa [[:en:Black_studies|African American Studie]]<nowiki/>s le American Studies kwa [[:en:Yale_University|Yale University]]. == BOTSHELO JWA PELE LE DITHUTO == Hazel Carby o tshotswe ke batsadi ba mo Jamaican le Welsh mo [[:en:Okehampton|Okehampton]], mo [[:en:Devon|Devon,]]UK,ka kgwedi ya Firikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le borobabobedi (1948.)<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/carby-hazel-1948 "Carby, Hazel 1948–",] Encyclopedia.com.</ref>O na le digerata tsa BA mo sekgoeng le mo gotsa Ditso gotswa mo University ya [[:en:Portsmouth_Polytechnic|Portsmouth Polytechnic]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa, ga nna gape ke [[:en:Professional_Graduate_Certificate_in_Education|PGCE]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi kwa [[:en:UCL_Institute_of_Education|Sekolong sa go Rutuntsha Barutabana]], mo [[:en:University_of_London|sekolong segolwane sa Ithutelo tiro sa London]]. One a ruta mo sekolong se segolwane gotswa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabongwe, mme a boela kwa mmadikolo kwa [[:en:University_of_Birmingham|Birmingham University]] [[:en:Centre_for_Contemporary_Cultural_Studies|Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies]], koo a neng a aloga mo M.A ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabongwe le Ph. D ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi. == Tiro == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso, Carby one a supiwa jalo ele morutuntshi mo lephateng la dithuto tsa sekgowa (English Department) kwa [[:en:Yale_University|Yale University]] (Botswana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso gotsena ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi,mme morago ga moo a ruta sekgowa kwa [[:en:Wesleyan_University|Wesleyan University]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe 1982–89), mme morago a ikgolaganya le Yale University ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo, a robabongwe , masome a robabobedi lle borobabongwe. Ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le lesome le borobabongwe, one a gatisa In 2019 she published, to wide critical acclaim, an autobiographical account of the British Empire, entitled Imperial Intimacies : A Tale of Two Islands (2019). Carby o rutuntshitse kwa di College le di Universities lefatshe ka bophara go akaretsa [[University of Notre Dame]], [[Stanford University]], the [[University of Paris,]] le [[University of Toronto]]. Carby o mo lekokong la bogakolodi jwa makwalo kana ditemana khutshwe tse di rutuntshang la Differences, New Formations and Signs. == Botshelo jwa Gagwe == Carby o ne a nyalana le moporofesa jaaka ene gone kwa Yale University ebong Michael Denning ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ele malatsi ale masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bobedi. == Metswedi e Mengwe == === Dibuka === * Multicultural Fictions, Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham, 1980. <nowiki>ISBN 9780704405059</nowiki>, OCLC 35622246 * Reconstructing Womanhood: The Emergence of the Afro-American Woman Novelist. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. <nowiki>ISBN 9780195041644</nowiki>, OCLC 489583830 * Race Men: The W. E. B. Du Bois Lectures. Cambridge, Mass., and London: Harvard University Press, 1998. <nowiki>ISBN 9780674745582</nowiki>, OCLC 984382678 * Cultures in Babylon: Black Britain and African America. London and New York: Verso, 1999. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1859848845</nowiki> OCLC 851741402 * Imperial Intimacies: A Tale of Two Islands. London: Verso, 2019. <nowiki>ISBN 9781788735094</nowiki>, OCLC 1099544754 == Makwalo kana Mekwalo ee Faphegileng == == METSWEDI == p8b82en4811c8tt2x8sv5mozbvjkd5e 0 15127 56320 55099 2026-10-06T07:51:19Z VNGao 10152 56320 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''[[:en:K._Tempest_Bradford|K. Tempest Bradford]]''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi kwa [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]] ) ke mokwadi le morulaganyi wa dibuka tsa maranyane le tsa ditoro tsa maAforika a kwa Amerika. E ne e le morulaganyi yo o okametseng ''wa [[kuranta ya Fantasy]]'' e e seng ya ditlhamane go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa go ya go wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe , mme o ne a baakanya dikgang tsa tlhamo tsa Peridot Books, [[:en:Fortean_Bureau|The Fortean Burean]] le [[:en:Sybil's_Garage|Sybil's Garage]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=oldcharliebrown |date=14 July 2008 |title=Press Release: Fantasy Magazine, Shiny and New! - oldcharliebrown |url=http://oldcharliebrown.livejournal.com/197596.html |access-date=2016-09-10 |publisher=Oldcharliebrown.livejournal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Fortean Bureau -- About Us |url=http://www.forteanbureau.com/about.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013083822/http://www.forteanbureau.com/about.html |archive-date=2009-10-13 |access-date=2009-08-14}}</ref> Ke mokwadi wa Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion, buka ya gagwe ya ntlha e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi ( 2022), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Publisher Page for Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion |url=https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374388799/ruby-finley-vs-the-interstellar-invasion |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> e ile ya gapa Seetsele sa Andre Norton ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro ( 2023).<ref>[https://nebulas.sfwa.org/winners-58th-annual-nebula-awards/ "SFWA Announces the Winners of the 58th Annual Nebula Awards".] [[:en:Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Writers_Association|Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association]]. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-17.</ref> {{Infobox person|name=K. Tempest Bradford|image=KTempestBradford-Egypt credit-KTB01.jpg|landscape=yes|image caption=Bradford in 2023|birth_date={{birth date and age|1978|4|19|mf=y}}|birth_place=[[Cincinnati]], Ohio, U.S.|occupation=Writer, editor, creative writing teacher|notable works=''Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion''|awards=Nebula [[Andre Norton Award]] for Middle Grade and Young Adult Fiction (2023), [[Locus Award]] (2020, 2023), [[IGNYTE Award]] (2020, 2021), [[The Lemonade Award]] (2022)|website={{URL|www.ktempestbradford.com}}}} == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Bradford ke sealogane sa Sekolo sa [[:en:New_York_University|New York University]]'s [[:en:Gallatin_School_of_Individualized_Study|Gallatin School of Individualized Study]], gape ke moithuti wa pele wa Clarion West Writers Workshop ( Setlhopha sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Clarion West Alumni List |url=https://www.clarionwest.org/community/alumni-list/ |access-date=25 February 2021 |website=Clarion West Writers Workshop}}</ref> le ya Kokoano ya go Kwala mo maranyaneng (e pele e neng e bidiwa Del Rey ) . O ntse a le moatlhodi wa Seetsele sa [[James Tiptree, Jr]]. mme gompieno ke Motlatsamodulasetilo wa Komiti e e Tsamaisang ya Mokgatlho wa Carl Brandon . Bradford ke molweladiphetogo wa go lekalekana ga semorafe le bong ka fa gare le ka kwa ntle ga sechaba ditlhamane tsa Maranyane . Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005), o ne a thaya blog ya Angry Black Woman, mme seabe sa gagwe ka leina leo di tlhageletse mo Feminist SF: The Blog, [[:en:ColorLines|ColorLines]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE RISE OF THE ANGRY BLACK WOMAN BLOG &#124; RaceWire |url=http://www.racewire.org/archives/2007/06/anger_management.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081127153457/http://www.racewire.org/archives/2007/06/anger_management.html |archive-date=2008-11-27 |access-date=2009-08-14}}</ref> ''Dikgang le Dintlha'' tsa NPR, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-02-02 |title=Roundtable: A Super Bowl To Remember |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=100146837 |access-date=2016-09-10 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> le dithuto tsa maAforika le Amerika. O ruta ditlhopha tsa go kwala ka boitlhamedi tse di tlhomang mogopolo mo go kwaleng dipolelo tse di akaretsang tsa [[:en:Writing_the_Other|Writing the Other]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teachers - Writing the Other.com |url=http://writingtheother.com/teachers/ |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> [[:en:LitReactor|LitReactor]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=LitReactor Instructors |url=https://litreactor.com/team/k-tempest-bradford |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> le[[:en:Clarion_West|Clarion West]].. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Clarion West One-Day Workshop |url=https://www.clarionwest.org/archive/nisi-shawl-k-tempest-bradford/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022210522/https://www.clarionwest.org/archive/nisi-shawl-k-tempest-bradford/ |archive-date=2020-10-22 |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> == Ditiro tse di tlhophilweng == === Ditlhamane === * ''Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion'' (September 2022, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR), ISBN 978-0374388799) * "The Copper Scarab" in Clockwork Cairo, ed. Matthew Bright, 2017 and Sunspot Jungle: The Ever Expanding Universe of Fantasy and Science Fiction, ed. Bill Campbell, 2019.<ref>[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/40590786-sunspot-jungle "The Copper Scarab".] ''www.goodreads.com''.</ref> * [[Setshwantsho:Event chalkboard at Powell's Cedar Hills.jpg|thumb|Letlapa la ditiragalo kwa Bradford kwa Powell's Books]]"Until Forgiveness Comes" in ''[[:en:Strange_Horizons|Strange Horizons]]'', 2008 and In the Shadow of the Towers: Speculative Fiction in a Post-9/11 World, ed. Douglas Lain, 2015<ref>Mandel, Leo (17 November 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160629152703/http://www.strangehorizons.com/2008/20081117/forgiveness-f.shtml "Strange Horizons Fiction: Until Forgiveness Comes, by K. Tempest Bradford".] Strangehorizons.com. Archived from [http://strangehorizons.com/fiction/until-forgiveness-comes/ the original] on 2016-06-29. Retrieved 2019-10-03.</ref> * "Uncertainty Principle" in ''Diverse Energies'', 2012. * "Black Feather" in Interfictions, 2007;<ref>[[:en:Interstitial_art|Interstitial art]]</ref> PodCastle, 2010, and Happily Ever After, ed. John Klima, 2011.<ref>[http://podcastle.org/2010/09/21/podcastle-123-black-feather/ "123: Black Feather".] PodCastle. 2010-09-21. Retrieved 2016-09-10.</ref> * "Elan Vital" in Sybil's Garage No. 6, 2009 and EscapePod episode 269, 2010.<ref>[http://escapepod.org/2010/12/02/ep269-elan-vital/ "Elan Vital".] ''escapepod.org''. 2 December 2010.</ref> * "Enmity" in [[:en:Electric_Velocipede|Electric Velocipede]] issue 17/18, 2009.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150216013212/http://www.electricvelocipede.com/2011/10/enmity/ "Fiction Flashback – K. Tempest Bradford » Electric Velocipede".] ''www.electricvelocipede.com''. Archived from [http://www.electricvelocipede.com/2011/10/enmity/ the original] on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2022.</ref> * "Different Day" in Federations, 2009. * "The Seventh Reflection" in Thou Shalt Not... a horror and dark fantasy anthology, 2006. * "Change of Life" in Farthing, 2006; PodCastle, 2009.<ref>[http://podcastle.org/2009/05/17/podcastle-053-change-of-life/ "053: Change of Life".] PodCastle. 17 May 2009. Retrieved 2016-09-10.</ref> * "Hard Rain" in Farthing, 2006. * "Why I Don't Drink Anymore" (as Finley Larkin) in Abyss & Apex, 2003. * "Elf Aware" (as Finley Larkin) in Cafe Irreal, 2002; PodCastle, 2009.<ref>[http://podcastle.org/2009/03/29/podcastle-miniature-28-elf-aware/ "Miniature 28: Elf Aware".] PodCastle. 29 March 2009. Retrieved 2016-09-10.</ref> * "What We Make Of It" in Peridot Books, 2000. === Mo eseng ditlhamane === * "Androids and Allegory", Mother of Invention anthology supplementary essay, Twelfth Planet Press, 2018. * "Representation Matters: A Literary Call To Arms", LitReactor Magazine, 2017. * "Cultural Appropriation Is, In Fact, Indefensible", NPR [[:en:Code_Switch|Code Switch]] blog, 2017. * io9 Newsstand, a weekly column at [[:en:Io9|io9]], 2014 - 2015. * "An ‘Unexpected’ Treat For [[:en:Octavia_E._Butler|Octavia E. Butler]] Fans", NPR Book Review, 2014. * "Invisible Bisexuality in Torchwood", [[:en:Apex_Magazine|Apex Magazine]], 2014. * "Women Are Destroying Science Fiction! (That’s OK; They Created It)", [[:en:NPR|NPR]] Books, 2014. * "What Will Be The Next Game Of Thrones? We’ve Got Some Ideas", [[:en:NPR|NPR]] Books, 2014. * "The Women We Don't See: Season Thirteen", Chicks Unravel Time: Women Journey Through Every Season of Doctor Who. [[:en:Mad_Norwegian_Press|Mad Norwegian Press,]] 2012. * "Why Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter is The Ultimate White Guilt Fantasy", [[:en:Io9|io9]], 2012. * "Martha Jones: Fangirl Blues", Chicks Dig Time Lords: A Celebration of Doctor Who by the Women Who Love It. [[:en:Mad_Norwegian_Press|Mad Norwegian Press,]] 2010. * "Why 'Black' and Not 'African American'?", ''Key Debates: An Introduction To African American Studies''. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Jennifer Burton (January 2010) * Q&A, ''The WisCon Chronicles'', vol. 1. [[:en:Aqueduct_Press|Aqueduct Press]], 2007. * "On the Clarion Workshops", ''The WisCon Chronicles'', vol. 2. [[:en:Aqueduct_Press|Aqueduct Press]], 2008. * "WisCon and POC Spaces", ''The WisCon Chronicles'', vol. 3: Carnival of Feminist SF. [[:en:Aqueduct_Press|Aqueduct Press,]] 2009. === Metshameko === * ''[[:en:Van_Richten's_Guide_to_Ravenloft|Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft]]'' (writer, [[:en:Wizards_of_the_Coast|Wizards of the Coast]], 2021)<ref>Hall, Charlie (2021-02-23). [https://www.polygon.com/2021/2/23/22295817/dungeons-dragons-ravenloft-reboot-van-richtens-guide-release-date-price "Next Dungeons & Dragons campaign book reboots the many realms of Ravenloft"]. ''Polygon''. Retrieved 2021-04-06.</ref> == Dietsele == {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga ! Kabelo ! Ka gonne |- | 2009 |Seetsele sa Last Drink Bird Head | Pueledi e e Bonolo <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2009 |title=Last Drink Bird Head Award Winners |url=https://www.jeffvandermeer.com/2009/11/01/last-drink-bird-head-award-winners/ |access-date=2020-10-18 |website=jeffvandermeer.com |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019105924/https://www.jeffvandermeer.com/2009/11/01/last-drink-bird-head-award-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 2020 | Seetsele sa Locus | Seetsele se se Kgethegileng sa Locus sa Writing the Other (Nisi Shawl, Cynthia Ward, le K. Tempest Bradford) ya Thuto ya go kakaretso letsa boemedi <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2020 |title=2020 Locus Awards Online |url=https://locusmag.com/2020/08/2020-locus-awards-online/ |access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> |- | 2020 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|Seetsele sa IGNYTE]] (Seetse sa banni) | Maiteko a a bonalang mo Tirong ka kakaretso le tekatekano mo Mofuteng wa Dibuka <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2020 |title=The IGNYTE Award Winners and Nominees |url=https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/the-ignyte-awards/ |access-date=2020-10-18 |archive-date=2022-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628181059/https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/the-ignyte-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 2021 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|Seetsele sa IGNYTE]] (seetsele sa Banni) | Maiteko a a bonalang mo Tirong ka kakaretso le Tekatekanang mo Mofuteng wa Dibuka <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2020 |title=The IGNYTE Award Winners and Nominees |url=https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308092209/https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |archive-date=2022-03-08 |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> |- | 2021 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|seetsele sa IGNYTE]] (Awate ya Ember) | Dikabelo tse di sa Opelweng mo Mofuteng <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2021 |title=The IGNYTE Award Winners and Nominees |url=https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308092209/https://theconvention.fiyahlitmag.com/2021/04/22/announcing-the-2021-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |archive-date=2022-03-08 |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> |- | 2022 | [[The Lemonade Award|Seetsele sa Lemonade]] | Ditiro tsa bopelonomi tse di dirwang ke batho ka bongwe tse di tsweledisang sechaba sa ditlhamane tsa maranyane <ref>{{Cite web |last=EagleCon |year=2020 |title=Lemonade Award |url=https://www.calstatela.edu/al/liberal-studies/eagle-con-special-guests |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> |- | 2023 | seetsela sa Andre Norton Nebula sa Ditlhamane tsa Mophato o o Magareng le tsa Bagolo ba ba Botlana | ''Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=SFWA Nebula Awards |year=2023 |title=SFWA Announces the Winners of the 58th Annual Nebula Awards |url=https://nebulas.sfwa.org/winners-58th-annual-nebula-awards/ |access-date=2023-07-06}}</ref> |- | 2023 | Motlhophiwa wa [[IGNYTE Award|Seetsele sa IGNYTE]] ya go Gaisa mo Mophatong o o Magareng | ''Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIYAHCON |year=2023 |title=Announcing the 2023 IGNYTE Awards Shortlist |url=https://ignyteawards.fiyahlitmag.com/2023/05/24/announcing-the-2023-ignyte-awards-shortlist/ |access-date=2023-07-06}}</ref> |} == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 71apuyee8wyxms2tmgdvc94zj31qxnt 0 15174 56319 55865 2026-10-06T07:38:59Z VNGao 10152 56319 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Lillie_Mae_Bradford|Lillie Mae Bradford]]''' ( O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola gangwe, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le lesome le bone, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa) <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2017 |title=Lillie Mae Bradford |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/montgomeryadvertiser/obituary.aspx?n=lillie-mae-bradford&pid=184546270&fhid=5661 |access-date=23 March 2017 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> e ne e le molwela- ditshwanelo tsa banni wa moAmerika, dingwaga di le nne pele ga tiro e e neng ya itsege thata ya ga [[:en:Rosa_Parks|Rosa Parks]], a neng a dira tiro ya go sa utlwe mo motseng mo beseng ya kw1q``a [[Montgomery]], kwa [[Alabama]], e a neng a tshwarwa ka ntlha ya yone, a lebisiwa molato wa gore o tshwenya batho <ref>{{Cite book |year=2008 |title=Social Justice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqTZAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Open University Press |isbn=9780335229307 |editor-last=Newman |editor-first=Janet |page=9 |editor-last2=Yates |editor-first2=Nicola}}</ref> {{Infobox person|name=Lillie Mae Bradford|image=Lillie_Mae_Bradford.png|alt=Lillie Mae Bradford|caption=Lillie Mae Bradford|birth_date={{Birth date|1928|10|1}}|birth_place=[[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]], [[Alabama]], United States|death_place=Montgomery, Alabama, United States|resting place=Montgomery's Greenwood Serenity Memorial Gardens|occupation=Molweladitshwanelo tsa Selegae}} == Go tshwarwa ga ga Bradford, ka 1951 == Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le bongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bongwe (1951)Bradford o ne a bona gore mokgweetsi wa bese o ne a mo neetse tekete e e seng yone, e go bonalang e ne e le "phoso e e jang madi a mantsi e bile e direga gantsi fa e le gore tota e ne e le phoso". Bradford o ne a kopa gore a duelelwe tlhwatlhwa e e tshwanetseng, mme fa a sena go bolelelwa gabedi gore a boele kwa morago ga bese, o ne a nna kwa pele<ref name="fighter">{{Cite news|url=http://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/local/alabama/2017/03/22/funeral-held-lillie-mae-bradford/99502822/|title='She was a fighter': Lillie Mae Bradford honored at service|newspaper=[[Montgomery Advertiser]]|first=Andrew J.|last=Yawn|date=22 March 2017|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref><blockquote>Mosadi yono wa dingwaga tse masome mabeddi o ne a ya gae a tswa tirong ya gagwe ya go tlhokomela bana ba batho basweu ba bana le bogole. O ne a duetse gore a palame bese e nngwe, mme jaaka go ne go tle go direge, mokgweetsi o ne a iteile bese mo lefelong le le sa siamang. Fa a ka bo a sa dira sepe ka gone o ka bo a ile a feleletsa a duelela phoso eo. "Ke ne ke akanya gore fa nka sa eme ka dinao ka simolola go buelela ditshwanelo tsa me, ga nkitla ke tsamaya ke dira jalo. Go ne go tlhabisa ditlhong. Go ne go sena seriti," Mme Bradford a rialo. "Go ne go sa letlelelwa go tlhatlogela kwa pele ga bese mme ke ne ka tlhatlogela koo mme ka mmolelela gore thekethe ya me e ne e sa kwalwa sentle. O ne a re: 'Nigger, ya kwa morago ga bese' mme ka re: 'Ke tla dira jalo, fela fa o ka mpha phetisetso e e siameng kgotsa wa mpusetsa madi a me.' Mme ka nna mo letlhakoreng la batho ba basweu". <ref name="borger">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/apr/04/usa.julianborger|title=Civil rights heroes may get pardons|first=Julian|last=Borger|date=3 April 2006|accessdate=23 March 2017|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Mokgweetsi ga a ise a ko a baakanye karata ya punch mme Bradford ga a ise a ko a tswe mo setilong se se kwa pele. O ne a tshwarelwa go tlhoka thulaganyo, a kwadisiwa, a gatisiwa menwana mme a duelwa tuediso e e kwa tlase. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.wbhm.org/feature/2006/pardoning-rosa-parks/|title=Pardoning Rosa Parks|first=Stevee|last=Chiotakis|accessdate=23 March 2017|date=28 April 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324083740/https://news.wbhm.org/feature/2006/pardoning-rosa-parks/|archivedate=24 March 2017}}</ref></blockquote>O ne a tshwarwa ke mapodisi ka ntlha ya go tlhoka thulaganyo go fitlha moagisane a mo ntsha ka beile. Go tshwarwa go ne ga mo sala morago botshelo jotlhe jwa gagwe; a re go mo kgoreleditse makgetlo a le mmalwa go bona ditiro tse a neng a di kopa. <ref name="fighter" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), o ne a akgela jaana, " Go ne go nna go na le lebokoso le le neng le re: A o na le rekoto ya gotlhoka kutlo?' o ne a gakologelwa gore " Ke ne ka ya go batla tiro <ref name="borger" /> ya go nna mokwaledi wa puso, mme ke ne ke tla falola ditlhatlhobo, mme ke ne ke se kitla ke bona tiro eo. Ke ka nako eo ke neng ka hetsa mogopolo ka gore e ne e le ka gonne ke ne ke na le rekoto ya mapodise. == Ditlamorago: itshwarelo le Molao wa Rosa Parks == <blockquote>Ka kgwedi ya Morananag e tlhola ga raro , ngwaga wa dikete ste pedi le borataro, go ne go solofetswe gore [[Thad McClammy]] (Leloko la Democratic la [[Ntlo ya Baemedi ya Alabama]]) o tla ntsha tetla ya go itshwarela balweladitshanelo tsa batho semmuso fa pele ga [[Senate ya Alabama]]. Go ne ga nna le kganetso e e rileng mo go yone: bangwe ba balweladitshwanelo ba ne ba sa batle go itshwarelwa ka gonne, ba ne ba re, ga ba ise ba ko ba tlole molao gope. <ref name="borger" /> Molao wa [[Rosa Parks]] o ne wa fetisiwa ka kgwedi ya Moranang, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), mme wa letla balweladitshwanelo ba ba neng ba tshwerwe kgotsa maloko a malapa a bone go kopa maitshwarelo. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2006/04/28/rosa-parks-act-sets-stage-for-pardons/|title=Rosa Parks Act sets stage for pardons|date=28 April 2006|accessdate=23 March 2017|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007), fa molao o o tshwanang kwa Tennessee o ne o dira jalo ka lekgotlapeomolao, go tshwarwa ga ga Bradford go ne ga bidiwa gape: "Bradford, motlhokomedi wa sekolo yo o tlogetseng tiro, o itse gore go nna le rekoto ya gagwe e e phimotsweng jaanong ga go kitla go nna le ditlamorago dipe tsa nnete, mme o batla go dira kopo ya setlankana sa itshwarelo. Bradford o ne a re ' Go tla supa gore ke tshwerwe ke lwela ditshwanelo tsa me ' <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://legacy.decaturdaily.com/decaturdaily/news/070518/pardon.shtml|first=Lucas L.|last=Johnson II|title=South moving to pardon disobedience convictions|date=18 May 2007|accessdate=23 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204033539/http://legacy.decaturdaily.com/decaturdaily/news/070518/pardon.shtml|archivedate=4 December 2011}}</ref></blockquote> == Botshelo le loso lwa moragonyana == Bradford o ne a nna kwa tikologong ya Ridgecrest kwa Montgomery le kgaitsadie e bong Helen, <ref name="borger" /> mme a tlhokafala a robetse <ref name="fighter" /> ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le lesome le bone, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa; <ref>{{Cite news|title=Funeral held for Lillie Mae Bradford|url=http://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/videos/news/local/2017/03/22/funeral-held-lillie-mae-bradford/99516044/|date=22 March 2017|accessdate=23 March 2017|newspaper=[[Montgomery Advertiser]]}}</ref> o ne a fitlhwa kwa Montgomery's Greenwood Serenity Memorial Gardens, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mabedi le bobedi . <ref name="fighter" /> O ne a tlhalosiwa e le "mmulatsela" wa Mokgatlho wa Ditshwanelo tsa Banni. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wsfa.com/story/34966420/pioneer-of-the-civil-rights-movement-passes-away|first=Sally|last=Pitts|title=Pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement passes away|date=21 March 2017|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 2jvp1bnbjh8r0y6goseclzbdgv82lvo 0 15194 56316 56219 2026-10-05T20:36:04Z JudithShe 9421 56316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Arekia Bennett|birth_place=[[Jackson, Mississippi]], US|death_date=<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) -->|known for=Motsamaisi wa ditlhopho tsa Mississippi}}'''Arekia Bennett''' ke molweladitshwanelo tsa Moamerika le mokaedi- wa khuduthamaga ya ditlhopho Mississippi Votes, e e leng mokgatlho o o sa direng dipoelo o o itebagantseng le go rotloetsa ikwadisetso ditlhopho. Bennett o etelela pele maiteko a go fitlhelela batlhophi ba ba botlana le ba ba sa emelwang sentle kwa Mississippi ka ditlhotlheletso tsa batlhophi, thuto ya banni, le ditshupetso tsa banni. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Bennett ke moagi wa kwa [[:en:Jackson,_Mississippi|Jackson, kwa Mississippi]] . <ref name="Ganucheau2020">{{Cite news|title=Inside the 'people's caucus' that inspired the Jackson mayor's Bernie Sanders endorsement|url=https://mississippitoday.org/2020/03/04/inside-the-peoples-caucus-that-inspired-the-jackson-mayors-bernie-sanders-endorsement/|last=Ganucheau|first=Adam|date=March 4, 2020|access-date=August 17, 2024|language=en}}</ref> O ne a aloga kwa Sekolong se setona sa Jackson State ka dithutego tsa gagwe tsa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|Bachelor of Science]] le [[:en:Physics|physics]]. <ref name="Tisdale2020">{{Cite news|title=MS Votes: The next generation of freedom fighters are here|url=https://jacksonadvocateonline.com/ms-votes-the-next-generation-of-freedom-fighters-are-here/|last=Tisdale|first=DeAnna|date=October 1, 2020|access-date=August 17, 2024|language=en}}</ref> Bennett kwa tshimologong ne a batla go nna morutabana wa physic pele ga a kgatlhegela go nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa sechaba <ref name="Burch2018">{{Cite news|title=A New Class of Voting Rights Activists Picks Up the Mantle in Mississippi|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/25/us/freedom-summer-mississippi-votes.html|last=Burch|first=Audra D.S.|date=September 25, 2018|access-date=August 17, 2024|language=en}}</ref> morago ga go lemoga gore dikgang tsotlhe tse a neng a kgathala ka tsone di ne di na le badiredipuso ba ba tlhophilweng ba ba neng ba leka go di laola. <ref name="Schrader2020">{{Cite web |last=Schrader |first=Esther |date=November 2, 2020 |title=Vote Your Voice: In Mississippi, grantee organizations are challenging systemic voter suppression |url=https://www.splcenter.org/news/2020/11/02/vote-your-voice-mississippi-grantee-organizations-are-challenging-systemic-voter |access-date=August 17, 2024 |website=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]] |language=en}}</ref> Fa a le kwa Jackson State, Bennett o ne a simolola mokgatlho wa go Kgobokanya dikitso tse di amanang le bomme) GIRL (Gathering Information Related to Ladies), mokgatlho o o neng o lebile thata go buelela, go lwantsha "molao wa sekolo o o nang le mathata", le go thusa go ruta ka ditso tsa basadi ba Maaforika kwa Amerika.   == Tiro == Bennett ke moeteledipele wa khuduthamaga ya ditlhopho ya Mississippi , <ref name="NewsOne2022">{{Cite web |date=February 26, 2022 |title=Making Black History: 5 Modern-Day Voting Rights Icons Everyone Should Know |url=https://newsone.com/3901494/modern-voting-rights-heroes/ |access-date=August 19, 2024 |website=[[Urban One|NewsOne]] |language=en}}</ref> mokgatlho o o sa direng dipoelo o o itebagantseng le go rotloetsa ikwaisetso ditlhopho le go rulaganya matsholo a go ikwadisetsa ditlhopho . Bennett o boletse ha Freedom Summer, e le maiteko a matona a go fitlhelela batlhophi a a neng a diragala kwa Mississippi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bone (1964), jaaka morotloetsi yo eteletseng pele maiteko a go kwadisa batlhophi ka bontsi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa( 2017) Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi ( 2020,) Bennett le khuduthamaga ya Ditlhopho tsa Mississippi ba thusitse go rulaganya nngwe ya dipopelelo tse ditona go gaisa mo ditsong tsa Mississippi, tse di neng di tlhotlhelediwa ke polao ya ga George Floyd le go dirwa sesha ga folaga ya lefatshe la Mississippi . <ref name="Tisdale2020" /> Bennett o supile fa go nna le seabe mo go kwa tlase ga batlhophi ba banana e le selo se se tlhotlheletsang maiteko a khuduthamaga ya ditlhopho tsa Mississippi Mo tirong ya gagwe ya go nna motsamaisi wa khuduthamaga, Bennett o atolositse tiro ya Mississippi Votes go akaretsa batlhophi ba ba kwa tlase ga dingwaga di le masome a mararo le botlhano, banana ba basodoma, le bana kgotsa bagolo ba ba kileng ba ya kwa tsamaisong ya bosiamisi jwa bana . <ref name="Nave2019">{{Cite news|title=The story behind the technology that Mississippi Votes uses to help more young voters|url=https://www.djournal.com/mississippi-today/the-story-behind-the-technology-that-mississippi-votes-uses-to/article_8fe12716-715e-56e3-9a32-fc3a38f033e8.html|last=Nave|first=R.L.|newspaper=[[Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal]]|date=March 12, 2019|access-date=August 18, 2024|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817201641/https://www.djournal.com/mississippi-today/the-story-behind-the-technology-that-mississippi-votes-uses-to/article_8fe12716-715e-56e3-9a32-fc3a38f033e8.html|archivedate=August 17, 2024}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe , Bennett o ne a rulaganya letsholo la go dirisa geofencing go itebaganya le dikolo tse di berekang mo Mississippi go phatlalatsa dipapatso tsa 'go ntsha ditlalama' pele ga ditlhopho tsa Ngwanatsele. Mississippi Votes e ne ya akanyetsa gore letsholo la go phatlalatsa le ne la dira gore batho ba le dikete tse tharo ba ba neng ba sa tswa go tlhopha ba ikwadise<ref name="Nave2019" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro, Bennett o ne a rulaganya maiteko a go busetsa morago molaotlhomo o o ntshitshintsweng wa Mississippi wa HB 1020, a tlhalosa molao ono jaaka maiteko a go fetisetsa maatla kwa badireding ba puso ba Rephaboliki go tswa kwa toropong ya Jackson. Bennett o rile molao o e ne e le "monyetla wa gore batho ba basweu ba laole metswedi le gore dipolotiki tsa masimo di nne le seabe ka boamaruri". <ref name="Wright2023">{{Cite web |last=Wright |first=Aallyah |last2=Tensley |first2=Brandon |date=March 3, 2023 |title=The History of White Lawmakers Trying to Take Over Mississippi's Predominately Black Capital |url=https://capitalbnews.org/jackson-mississippi-takeover-2/ |access-date=August 18, 2024 |website=CapitalBNews.org |language=en}}</ref> Bennett ke moithuti wa tiro ya Botsamaisi jwa Ditlhopho le [[Mokgatlho wa Matshelo a Bantsho|Mokgatlho wa Matshelo a batho Bantsho]] ([[:en:Movement_For_Black_Lives|Movement For Black Lives]]) . == Dietsele le ditlotla == * Seetsele sa [[:en:Medgar_Evers|Medgar Evers]] ka NAACP <ref name="Emerson2024">{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=Arekia Bennett: Envisioning a democracy in Mississippi that works for everyone |url=https://www.emersoncollective.com/persons/arekia-bennett |access-date=August 17, 2024 |website=[[Emerson Collective]] |language=en}}</ref> * Seetsele sa [[:en:Fannie_Lou_Hamer|Fannie Lou Hamer]] ka Sekolo sa Barulaganyi ba Ditshwanelo tsa Batho ya kwa Borwa <ref name="Emerson2024" /> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] iad9m8cd7ttux5fe9o0c9vf2pq7f6an 0 15214 56307 55477 2026-10-05T17:31:31Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siphesihle Ndaba''' (o tshotswe ka 4 Phatwe 1997) ke modiragatsi wa Aforika borwa, motlhotlheletsi, rakgwebo le mokaedi wa difilimi. O itsege thata ka go tshameka karolo mo motshamekong wa motswedi wa [[Mzansi Magic]] wa ''[[Gomora]]'' (2020) e le Mazet. == Botshelo jwa pele == Ndaba o tsholetswe kwa [[Soweto]], Aforika borwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mngadi |first=Mxolisi |date=2020-08-04 |title=Happy birthday to Gomora's Siphesihle Ndaba 5 interesting facts |url=https://briefly.co.za/74459-happy-birthday-gomoras-siphesihle-ndaba-5-interesting-facts.html |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=briefly.co.za |language=en}}</ref> O tsene kwa [[Rhodes University]] ko a tsereng setankana se se golwane sa BSc mo thutong ya tlhaloganyo, Itsholelo le Botaki <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dayimani |first=Malibongwe |title='We are celebrating having gone through a lot': Gomora star Siphesihle Ndaba bags honours degree |url=https://www.news24.com/southafrica/news/we-are-celebrating-having-gone-through-a-lot-gomora-star-siphesihle-ndaba-bags-honours-degree-20221013 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka 2020, o ne a aloga lekgetlo la bobedi kwa a tsereng aHonours ya Dramatic Arts go tswa mo sekolong seo <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dayile |first=Qhama |title=Siphesihle Ndaba on playing to Mazet on Gomora, getting her second degree and respecting her craft |url=https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/siphesihle-ndaba-on-playing-mazet-on-gomora-getting-her-second-degree-and-respecting-her-craft-20221020 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-12 |title=‘Gomora’ actress graduates with Rhodes degree |url=https://www.theherald.co.za/news/2022-10-12-gomora-actress-graduates-with-rhodes-degree/ |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=The Herald |language=en}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Ndaba o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ka 2018 kwa a neng a kaela le go kwala filimi ya Skinned in [[Grahamstown Festival]] mme a bereka e le morutabana wa sekgoa le tsa Itsholelelo fa a ntse a dira tsa botaki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mopedi |first=Kemong |title=5 minutes with Gomora’s Siphesihle Ndaba – 'I almost studied towards a Bachelor in Music' |url=https://www.news24.com/truelove/exclusive/four-things-we-learnt-about-gomoras-siphesihle-ndaba-20200417 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka 2020, o ne a dira motshameko wa gagwe wa ntlha mo motsweding wa [[Mzansi Magic]] ''[[Gomora]]'' e le Mazet, a tshameka karolo ya segopa sa dikebekwa e bile e le moanelwa . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zuma |first=Mbalenhle |date=2023-04-24 |title=Siphesihle Ndaba bids farewell after curtain fell on Mazet |url=https://sundayworld.co.za/celebrity-news/siphesihle-ndaba-bids-farewell-after-curtain-fell-on-mazet/ |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=Sunday World |language=en-ZA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mavuso |first=Karabo |title=Rising star Siphesihle Ndaba on her role in Mzansi Magic’s 'Gomora' |url=https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/rising-star-siphesihle-ndaba-on-new-her-role-on-mzansi-magics-gomora-20200319 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mncube |first=Ntandoyenkosi |title=Siphesihle Ndaba winning hearts as Gomora’s Mazet |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/siphesihle-ndaba-winning-hearts-as-gomoras-mazet-20200413 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mo bokhutlong jwa 2020, o ne a gapa seetsele sa Hot Chick ya Ngwaga kwa dikgaisanong [[Feather Awards]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Junior |first=Lee |date=2020-11-12 |title=Gomora&#8217;s Mazet Scoops Mzansi&#8217;s Hottest Chick At Feathers Awards |url=https://savannanews.com/gomoras-mazet-scoops-mzansis-hottest-chick-at-feathers-awards/ |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=Savanna News |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106131409/https://savannanews.com/gomoras-mazet-scoops-mzansis-hottest-chick-at-feathers-awards/ |archive-date=2026-01-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-12 |title=Gomora's MaZet Is The Hottest Chick Of The Year |url=https://zalebs.com/top-of-the/siphesihle-ndaba/gomora-s-mazet-is-the-hottest-chick-of-the-year |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=ZAlebs |language=en}}</ref> Ka 2021, o ne a tshameka karolo ya konokono ya ga Faye mo motsweding wa [[Showmax]] mo motshamekong wa ''Carrots'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=OkMzansi |date=2021-07-06 |title=Gomora Mzansi's Siya Xaba And CeeCee Ndaba Team Up For A New Film Exclusive On Showmax |url=https://okmzansi.co.za/gomora-mzansis-siya-xaba-and-ceecee-ndaba-team-up-for-a-new-film-exclusive-on-showmax/ |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=OkMzansi |language=en-US}}</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa go emela seetse le sa ntlha mo tirong ya gagwe ya dietsele kwa go bona awate ya tiro ya gagwe ya bodiragatsi kwa [[South African Film and Television Awards]] kgaisano tsa bolesome le bosupa, a tseela karolo ya moanelwa wa kwa tlhoko mo motshamekong wa Gomora ele Mazet <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbude |first=Phelokazi |title=The stars toast to the SAFTA nominees in style |url=https://www.news24.com/truelove/partnercontent/gallery-the-stars-toast-to-the-safta-nominees-in-style-20230904 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka 2024, Ndaba o ne a tshameka e le moanelwa mogolo e bong Palesa mo Killer Front Page''. E bile a tshamaisa filimi e bidiwang'' ''LIL_LITH.'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tleane |first=Lebo |date=2023-12-07 |title=Siphesihle Ndaba Back With New Role |url=https://youthvillage.co.za/2023/12/siphesihle-ndaba-back-with-new-role/ |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=Youth Village |language=en-US}}</ref> ''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seleme |first=Rae |date=2023-12-08 |title=Lemogang Tsipa and Linda Sokhulu score roles in ‘Killer Front Page’ |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/culture/entertainment/actors-lemogang-tsipa-siphesihle-ndaba-linda-sokhulu-score-roles-killer-front-page-mzansi-magic-8-december-2023/ |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=SA People |language=en-ZA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Malatsi |first=Lethabo |title=Siphesihle Ndaba on her new acting role and future projects – 'I do things that make me feel alive' |url=https://www.news24.com/truelove/celebrity/siphesihle-ndaba-on-her-new-acting-role-and-future-projects-i-do-things-that-make-me-feel-alive-20240105 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>'' == Dikanelo == Ndaba o dirile thebolo ya gagwe ya ntlha fa a ne a ikgolaganya le Nivea, ka 2021 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marlowe |first=Michelle |date=2021-11-16 |title=Gomora&#8217;s Siphesihle Ndaba &#8220;Mazet&#8221; signs deal with Nivea |url=https://savannanews.com/gomoras-siphesihle-ndaba-mazet-signs-deal-with-nivea/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Savanna News |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106201425/https://savannanews.com/gomoras-siphesihle-ndaba-mazet-signs-deal-with-nivea/ |archive-date=2026-01-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ngwaga o o latelang ka Ngwanaitseele 2022, o ne a tsena tsena sekolo sa ga [[Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls,]] se se neng sa fetola botshelo jwa gagwe ka go atolosa tiro ya gagwe le ditshono tsa gagwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-26 |title=Gomora's Siphesihle Ndaba aka 'Mazet' on how Oprah Winfrey helped change her life |url=https://www.sowetan.co.za//entertainment/2020-06-26-gomoras-siphesihle-ndaba-aka-mazet-on-how-oprah-winfrey-helped-change-her-life/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Sowetan |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-07 |title='I am more of a musician than an actor' – says Gomora star Siphesihle Ndaba |url=https://www.sowetan.co.za//s-mag/2022-01-07-i-am-more-of-a-musician-than-an-actor-says-gomora-star-siphesihle-ndaba/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Sowetan |language=en}}</ref> Ka 2023, o ne a nna moemedi wa Rich Mnisi x H&amp;amp;M a na le bo [[Boity Thulo|Boity]], [[Young Stunna]] le [[Zozibini Tunzi]], a dirisana le Puma ka Sedimonthole 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Khulu |first=Ntombi |title=Rich Mnisi and H&M South Africa join forces for an exclusive collaboration |url=https://www.news24.com/truelove/fashion/rich-mnisi-and-hm-south-africa-join-forces-for-an-exclusive-collaboration-20230703 |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keteyi |first=Oluthando |date=2023-07-05 |title=Mzansi A-listers serve hot looks at SA Fashion Week opening party |url=https://thepost.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/local/2022-10-20-look-mzansi-a-listers-serve-hot-looks-at-sa-fashion-week-opening-party/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=The Post |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Siphesihle Ndaba – Complete List of Endorsements |url=https://bookingagentinfo.com/celebrity/siphesihle-ndaba/endorsements/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Booking Agent Info |language=en-US}}</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] 1t5xn2tbmlf2ytfrk84kpk366poa1gj 0 15242 56306 55568 2026-10-05T17:24:56Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Simon Gikandi|birth_date=Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa 1960|birth_place=Nyeri [[Kenya]]|education=University of Nairobi University of Edinburgh|occupation=Morutintshi le moithuti}}'''Simon E. Gikandi''' (o o tshotsweng ka Lwetse a le masome a mararo ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro) ke motlhatlheleladithuto wa dipadi le moithuti wa morago ga motlha wa bokolone o o tlholegang kwa [[Kenya]] . Ke motlhatlheleladithuto tsa Sekgowa gape e le mookamedi wa lephata la sekgowa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Princeton wa setlhopha sa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le boraro. <ref name="PrincetonBio25">{{Cite web |title=Simon Gikandi {{!}} Department of English |url=https://english.princeton.edu/people/simon-gikandi |access-date=June 12, 2025 |website=english.princeton.edu}}</ref> O ka tswa a itsege thata ka go kwala mmogo le Abiola Irele wa The Cambridge History of African and Caribbean Literature. ( le Abiola Irele ) wa ''Hisitori ya Cambridge ya Dikwalo tsa Aforika le tsa Caribbean'' . O dirile tiro e e botlhokwa gape mo pading ya Aforika o mosha, a na le bakwadi ba dipadi ba ba tumileng thata ba Aforika ebong: [[Chinua Achebe]] le [[Ngugi wa Thiong'o.]] Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabongwe o ne a nna tautona wa lekgotla la Modern language Association. == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Gikandi o tsholetswe mo lewapeng la Sekeresete kwa Nyeri, Kenya . O ne a aloga ka BA [ maemo a ntlha] mo pading kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Nairobi. E ne e le moithuti o o thusiwang ka tsa madi a sekolo ke British Council kwa sekolong se segolwane sa University of Edinburgh kwa Scotland kwa a neng a aloga ka M.Litt mo dthutong tsa Sekgowa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scholarships {{!}} British Council |url=https://www.britishcouncil.in/study-uk/scholarships |access-date=2016-10-11 |website=www.britishcouncil.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012082112/https://www.britishcouncil.in/study-uk/scholarships |archive-date=2016-10-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> O na le Ph.D ya Sekgoa go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Northwestern University.<ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> O dira ditshekatsheko thata le go ruta ka dikwalo tsa Sekgoa le ngwao ya Aforika, India, the Caribbean le Britain mograo ga bokolone, Atlantic ya batho bantsho, le ma Aforika ka bophara. O na le kgatlhego gape mo kamanong ya dipuo tsa kwa Yuropa le tsa Aforika mo nakong ya gompieno, dipadi le ditshwanelo tsa setho, le polotiki ya go kwala le ngwao. == Tsa pereko == Gikandi ke mokwadi wa ditsebe le dibuka di le dintsi, di akaretsa le ''Writing in Limbo: Modernism and Caribbean Literature, Maps of Englishness:Writing Identity in the Culture of Colonialism'' (Kgatiso ya Cornell University, ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bobedi), <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gikandi |first=Simon |date=1992-01-01 |title=Writing in Limbo: Modernism and Caribbean Literature |url=https://archive.org/details/writinginlimbomo00gika |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=9780801425752 |language=en |url-access=registration}}</ref> le ''Ngugi wa Thiong'o'' (Kgatiso ya Cambridge University Press, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe), <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gikandi |first=Simon |date=2009-09-03 |title=Ngugi Wa Thiong'o |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WDTEgVgNFWQC |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521119016 |language=en}}</ref> e e neng e le kgatiso e e gaisitseng ya thuto ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, ke mokwadi gape wa The Columbia Guide to East African Literature in English Since 1945 (Kgatiso ya Columbia University Press ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa).2004, mme ke mokwadi-mmogo wa ''Kaedi ya Columbia ya Dikwalo tsa Aforika Botlhaba ka Seesemane Fa e sale ka 1945'' (Kgatiso ya Yunibesithi ya Columbia, 2007). <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gikandi |first=Simon |date=2016-10-11 |title=The Columbia Guide to East African Literature in English Since 1945 |url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-columbia-guide-to-east-african-literature-in-english-since-1945/9780231125208 |last2=Mwangi |first2=Evan |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=9780231500647}}</ref> Tsebe ya gagwe ya, "Picasso, Africa, and the Schemata of Difference" (ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro) e gakolola ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano di le fa gare fa Pablo Picasso a kopana le Aubrey Williams, "leloko le le kwa pele mo go ntshafatseng Africa le batho bantsho Gikandi ke morulaganyi wa ''The Cambridge History of African and Caribbean Literature (''kgatiso ya Cambridge University Press'','' ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone'')'' <ref>{{Cite book |date=2000 |title=The Cambridge History of African and Caribbean Literature edited by F. Abiola Irele |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/the-cambridge-history-of-african-and-caribbean-literature/1B9F2963235BC68CB3CA5EA6D534AC60 |work=Cambridge Core |isbn=978-1-139-05463-8 |editor-last=Irele |editor-first=F. Abiola |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521832755 |access-date=2016-10-11 |editor-last2=Gikandi |editor-first2=Simon}}</ref> gape ke morulaganyi wa ''Routledge Encyclopedia of African literature'' (Routledge, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro). [http://www.abebooks.com/book-search/title/the-routledge-encyclopedia-of-african-literature/] Buka ya gagwe ya mo bošeng ke ya ''Slavery and the Culture of Taste'' (Kgatiso ya University of Princeton, ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso). <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2014 |title=Gikandi, S.: Slavery and the Culture of Taste (eBook and Paperback). |url=http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9583.html |access-date=2016-10-11 |website=press.princeton.edu}}</ref> Mokwalo o, o ne wa akgolwa thata, wa iponela dietsele tsa thuto di le dintsi. Ga jaana o rulaganya kgatiso ya lesome le motso (Vol. 11) ya ''The Oxford History of the Novel in English: The Novel in Africa and the Atlantic World''. Go simolola ka ngwaga wa wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le motso go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, Gikandi o ne a ruta kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Univesrity of Michigan-Ann Arbor, e le leloko la barutintshi mo lephateng la Comparative Literature . O simolotse go ruta kwa Princeton ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, e le leloko la barutintshi mo lephateng la sekgowa. Gikandi gape o nnile mo maemong kwa sekolong sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Massachussetts-boston(ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bosupa - go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le motso), Harvard University (ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe -go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe), le kwa California State University- Bakersfield (go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borataro-o tsena masome a robabobedi le bosupa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bio {{!}} Faculty History Project |url=http://um2017.org/faculty-history/faculty/simon-gikandi/bio |access-date=2016-10-11 |website=um2017.org}}</ref> == Dietsele le ditlotla == Gikandi ke moamogedi wa dietsele le ditlotla di le mmalwa, di akaretsa tse di latelang: * Lekgotla la Amerian Council of Learned Societies e le moithuti ( ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobdi le borobabongwe ) <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * Ithutelo ditiro kwa Guggenheim (ngwaga wa dikete pedi le motso ) <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * ''Slavery and The Culture of taste'' (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso) ** Mofenyi, dietsele tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa lesome le bone (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi) tsa Susanne M. Glasscock Humanities Book Prize for Interdisciplinary Scholarship, Melbern G. Glasscock Center for Humanities Research kwa Texas A&M University ** Mofenyi wa seetsele sa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome lebobedi sa James Rusell Lowell, ka lekgotla la Modern language Association, a se pataganetse le o mongwe ** Mofenyi wa seetsele sa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi sa Herskovits, sa lekgotla la African Studies ** Maemo a a kwa godimo a Choice mo thutong ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi * Seetsele sa ga tautona sa go ruta ga maemo a ntlha, kwa Princeton University (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * Seetsele sa ga Howard T. Behrman sa gofitlhelela ga maemo a a kwa godimo mo dithutong tsa setho, University of Princeton (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa) <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * Moithuti, Sekolo American Academy of Arts and Sciences (ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Simon E. Gikandi |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/simon-e-gikandi |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> * Mothusi wa Sekolo British Academy (ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bobedi ) <ref name="PrincetonBio25" /> == Dibuka tse di tlhophilweng == * ''Reading the African Novel'' (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bosupa). * ''Reading Chinua Achebe'' (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le motso). * ''Writing in Limbo: Modernism and Caribbean Literature'' (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bobedi). == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] cnnsx4v2s8i8xl56upe56xtw2ony443 0 15292 56292 55924 2026-10-05T16:23:05Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56292 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rocky Dawuni''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2023 |title=Rocky Dawuni music, videos, stats, and photos |url=https://www.last.fm/music/Rocky+Dawuni |access-date=November 7, 2023 |website=Last.fm |language=en}}</ref> ke seopedi sa Ghana, motlhophiwa wa Grammy makgetlo a le manè, <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 23, 2023 |title=as of 2023 Rocky became a three-time Grammy Nominee |url=https://www.theafricandream.net/africans-in-grammy-2023-nominations/ |access-date=March 11, 2023 |publisher=theafricandream.net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=COOMSON |first=NANA KWESI |date=November 11, 2024 |title=Rocky Dawuni earns 4th Grammy nomination in 67th edition |url=https://thechronicle.com.gh/rocky-dawuni-earns-4th-grammy-nomination-in-67th-edition/ |access-date=November 11, 2024 |website=The Ghanaian Chronicle |language=en-GB}}</ref> mokwadi wa dipina le motlhagisi wa direkoto yo o dirang modumo wa gagwe o o kgethegileng wa 'Afro Roots' o e leng motswako wa mmino wa Reggae, Afrobeats, Highlife le Soul . Gompieno o nna fa gare ga Ghana le Amerika. <ref name="cnn">{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SHOWBIZ/Music/08/23/rocky.dawuni.ghana.reggae/|title='Ghana's Bob Marley' spreads message of brotherhood|date=August 23, 2011|access-date=March 9, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515191023/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SHOWBIZ/Music/08/23/rocky.dawuni.ghana.reggae/|archivedate=May 15, 2022}}</ref> Rocky ke seopedi ebile le molweladitshwanelo. {{Infobox person|name=Rocky Dawuni|image=Rocky Damuni (Cropped). jpg|caption=Rocky Dawuni ka 2025|occupation=Seopedi, Molweladitshwanelo}} == Tiro ya mmino == Dawuni o ne a utlwa mmino wa Reggae la ntlha kwa Ghana fa setlhopha sa mmino wa sesole se ne se diragatsa nngwe ya dipina tsa ga Bob Marley kwa Michel Camp; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rocky grew up in Michel Camp, Ghana |url=http://www.katc.com/clip/12388196/festival-international-friday-at-1000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220085044/http://www.katc.com/clip/12388196/festival-international-friday-at-1000 |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |access-date=April 26, 2016 |publisher=katc.com}}</ref> ntlo ya sesole gaufi le Accra, motsemogolo wa Ghana. <ref name="cnn" /> Dawuni o simolotse moletlo wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa " Boipuso ", o o tshwarelwang kwa Ghana ka Letsatsi la Boipuso la Ghana, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e tlhola borataro . <ref name="cnn" /> Dawuni o gatisitse dialebamo di le robedi tse di tletseng. Alebamo ya gagwe ya borataro ya setudio e e bidiwang ''Branches of The Same Tree'' e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona Seetsele sa Grammy sa Alebamo e e Gaisang ya Reggae ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) mo Kabodietseleng ya Grammy ya Ngwaga le Ngwaga ya bo masome a matlhano le borobabobedi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Branches of the Same Tree album |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/branches-of-the-same-tree/963525098 |access-date=December 10, 2015 |publisher=iTunes}}</ref> e e golotsweng ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mararo le bongwe, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) mme seno sa dira gore e nne motlhophiwa wa ntlha go tswa kwa lefatsheng ya gaabo la Ghana. Koranta ya Songlines e ne ya bitsa alebamo ya ''Branches of Same Tree'' mo dialebamong di le lesome tse di botlhokwa thata tsa mmino wa reggae tsa nako tsotlhe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Roots Reggae Albums {{!}} The Essential 10 |url=https://www.songlines.co.uk/features/essential-10/roots-reggae-albums-the-essential-10 |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=Songlines |language=en}}</ref> E tlhotlheleditswe ke dipina tse di nang le mowa tsa ga Fela Kuti le Bob Marley, alebamo eno e ne ya supa bokgoni jwa ga Dawuni jwa go fetisetsa melaetsa e e tsosolosang mo ditsebeng tsa didikadike tsa batho. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rocky Dawuni |url=https://www.cumbancha.com/rockydawuni |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=Cumbancha |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703031557/https://www.cumbancha.com/rockydawuni |archive-date=July 3, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Beats of Zion'', e leng alebamo ya ngwag wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019) ya ga Rocky, e e neng ya gololwa ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e le masome a mabedi le botlhano <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 22, 2019 |title=2019 single release |url=https://www.theafricandream.net/rocky-dawuni-2019-single-beats-of-zion/ |access-date=January 26, 2019 |publisher=TheAfricanDream.net}}</ref> ke alebamo ya gagwe ya bo supa ya setudio e e nang le setlhogo se se tshwanang, mme e na le naledi ya Ghana e e bidiwang [[:en:Stonebwoy|Stonebwoy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2019 |title=2019 album |url=https://www.theafricandream.net/rocky-dawuni-beats-of-zion-album-ft-stonebwoy-sarkodie-alika-wiyaala/ |access-date=March 3, 2019 |publisher=TheAfricanDream.net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 22, 2019 |title=Beats of Zion |url=https://www.popmatters.com/rocky-dawuni-beats-of-zion-2626635597.html |access-date=January 26, 2019 |publisher=PopMatters}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2019 |title=Beats of Zion album |url=https://medium.com/@doctorradic/premiere-rocky-dawuni-unveils-wickedest-sound-ft-stonebwoy-d4595c1af29e |access-date=June 22, 2019 |publisher=PopMatters}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 22, 2019 |title=Rocky Dawuni Aims to Re-energize the Forces of Love and Hope on "Beats of Zion" (premiere), PopMatters |url=https://www.popmatters.com/rocky-dawuni-beats-of-zion-2626635597.html |access-date=June 28, 2022 |website=PopMatters |language=en-US}}</ref> Bidio ya bofelo ya dialebamo ke "Champion Arise", e e neng ya bidiwa "Top Tune of the Day" mo letshwaong la Radio ya Sechaba la Bosetšhaba la KCRW. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2020 |title=Rocky Dawuni: "Champion Arise" {{!}} Today's Top Tune |url=https://www.kcrw.com/music/shows/todays-top-tune/rocky-dawuni-champion-arise |access-date=March 14, 2026 |website=KCRW |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rocky Dawuni 'Champion Arise' video premiere |url=https://www.music-news.com/news/UK/131690/Read |access-date=June 28, 2022 |website=Music-News.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019) Rocky o ne a golola pina e ntšha ya "Modern Man", e e neng ya tlhakanngwa/ tlhabololwa ke Gaudi . Kgololo ya gagwe ya bo robabobedi ya setudio, ''Voice of Bunbon, vol.'' ''1'' e ne ya tlhophiwa ka nako ya Dietsele tsa Grammy tsa Alebamo e e Gaisang Tsotlhe ya Mmino mo Lefatsheng Lotlhe mo Dietseleng tsa Ngwaga le Ngwaga tsa bo masome a marataro le bone tsa Grammy, mme seno sa dira gore Rocky e nne motlhophiwa wa di-Grammy tse dintsi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022). Go ne ga gololwa dibidio di le tharo tsa mmino tsa EP go akaretsa le "Ghost Town", <ref>{{Citation|title=Rocky Dawuni "Ghost Town"|date=November 19, 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIGe4-YjWWQ|language=en|access-date=June 28, 2022}}</ref> e e neng ya kapiwa ke mokapaditshwantsho Casey Bridges (morwa wa modiragatsi Beau Bridges ). Video ya mmino ya "Beautiful People" go tswa mo alebamong e ne ya kapiwa kwa motseng wa gaabo Rocky wa Bunbon ke morulaganyi/ mokwadi wa difilimi wa Ghana, Slingshot. Rocky o ne a golola bidio ya mmino wa "Woara" (e e ranotsweng e le "wena kgotsa ke wena" ka Se-Twi ) ka kgwedi ya Lwetse, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021). E ne e opelwa ka puo ya lefelo leo ya Se-Akan, e leng Se-Twi. ''Woara'' ke pina ya lerato e e nang le mofuta wa go bitsa le go araba go supa bontle le phenyo ya go nna mo leratong. <ref>{{Citation|title=Rocky Dawuni "Woara"|date=September 16, 2021|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQbuYWSXzsU|accessdate=June 28, 2022}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022), Dawuni o ne a bona tlhopho ya gagwe ya boraro ya Grammy, ka jalo ya nna Modiragatsi wa mmino o o Lefatshe Lotlhe ka tiro ya gagwe ya “Neva Bow Down” e e nang le Blvk H3ro. O kile a tlhophiwa gabedi ka ngwaga wa 2015 le wa 2021 . <ref>{{Cite news|date=January 22, 2023|title=Sheila O fetes Grammy nominees, Tobe Nwigwe, Rocky Dawuni|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/sheila-o-fetes-grammy-nominees-tobe-nwigwe-rocky-dawuni/|accessdate=January 31, 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Francis-Pitt |first=K'Shema |date=January 30, 2023 |title=Who will win the Grammy for Best Reggae Album? |url=https://www.iriefm.net/who-will-win-the-grammy-for-best-reggae-album/ |access-date=January 31, 2023 |website=IrieFm |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131073718/https://www.iriefm.net/who-will-win-the-grammy-for-best-reggae-album/ |archive-date=January 31, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), o ne a golola pina e ntšha e e bidiwang 'Rise' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Debrah |first=Ameyaw |date=August 30, 2024 |title=ROCKY DAWUNI UNVEILS BRAND NEW SINGLE 'RISE' - AmeyawDebrah.com |url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/rocky-dawuni-unveils-brand-new-single-rise/#google_vignette |access-date=September 1, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ditemogo == Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le lesome le bosupa, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Rocky Dawuni le batho ba bangwe ba le bane ba Ghana ba ne ba neelwa diphasa tsa lefatshe ke Tona ya Merero ya mafatshe a Sele ya Ghana, Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa, go tlotla maiteko a bone a go rotloetsa Ghana le Aforika lefatshe ka bophara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Effah |first=Evans |date=September 17, 2025 |title=Wode Maya, Anita Erskine among five Ghanaians to receive diplomatic passports for African Unity |url=https://3news.com/news/wode-maya-anita-erskine-among-five-ghanaians-to-receive-diplomatic-passports-for-african-unity |access-date=September 18, 2025 |website=3News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 17, 2025 |title=Wode Maya, Rocky Dawumi, Dentaa, two others granted diplomatic passports |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2025/09/wodemaya-rocky-dawumi-dentaa-two-others-granted-diplomatic-passports/ |access-date=September 18, 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bolweladitshwanelo le bopelonomi == Seopedi le molweladitshwanelo yo o itsegeng ka go kgabaganya melelwane magareng ga Aforika, Caribbean le US go tlhama medumo e e kopanyang dikokomana le ditso o dira go rotloetsa kagiso ya lefatshe ka bophara. Dawuni o kopanetse serala le Stevie Wonder, Peter Gabriel, Bono, Jason Mraz, Janelle Monáe le John Legend, gareng ga ba bangwe ba le bantsi . E biditswe nngwe ya dinaledi tse di kwa godimo tsa lefatshe tsa Aforika ke [[:en:CNN|CNN]] . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Rocky featured on CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2011/SHOWBIZ/Music/08/23/rocky.dawuni.ghana.reggae/index.html|access-date=January 26, 2019}}</ref> Sehikantswe sa ga Dawuni jaaka moemedi wa setso le go kopanya ka katlego mmino le bolweladitshwanelo di dirile gore e nne mmueledi wa ditiro tse di farologaneng tsa lefatshe ka bophara. Ke Moemedi wa United Nations Goodwill <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2018 |title=UN Goodwill Ambassador |url=https://www.unenvironment.org/people/rocky-dawuni |access-date=January 26, 2019 |publisher=unenvironment.org}}</ref> e bile ke Moemedi wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Mokgatlho wa UN Foundation's Clean Cooking Alliance ga mmogo le modiragatsi Julia Roberts le Moapei José Andrés . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rocky works with Clean Cook Alliance |url=https://cleancookingalliance.org/about/champions/62.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113154307/https://www.cleancookingalliance.org/about/champions/62.html |archive-date=November 13, 2019 |access-date=January 26, 2019 |publisher=cleancookingalliance.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 4, 2013 |title=Rocky Clean Cook Alliance |url=https://www.theafricandream.net/rocky-dawuni-joins-hillary-clinton-and/?preview=true |access-date=January 26, 2019 |publisher=theafricandream.net}}</ref> Rocky o ne a bidiwa Moemedi wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Letsatsi la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Ngwao ya Aforika le ya Aforika le le amogelwang ke [[UNESCO]], le ka lone a dirisang mmino wa gagwe go phatsimisa lesedi mo dikgannyeng tse di botlhokwa tse di lebaneng le batho mo lefatsheng lotlhe . {| class="wikitable" !Leina la tiragalo ! Seabe ! Ngwaga |- | Moletlo wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Botsweretshi le Tiro ya Diatla wa Adinkra (GEPA) 2024 | Moemedi wa Letshwaokgwebo, Sebui le Modiragatsi | 2024 |- | Khonferense ya Bašwa ba Aforika, Accra, Ghana | Sebui | 2024 |- | Kokoano ya Tikologo ya Ditšhabakopano (UNEA), Nairobi, Kenya | Sebui/Modiragatsi | 2024 |- | COP28 Dubai, UAE | Sebui & Modiragatsi | 2023 |- | Khonferense ya Dipusetso tsa Accra ya 2023 | Modiragatsi | 2023 |- | Tiragalo ya go Dirisa Didirisiwa Gape le go Dirisa Didirisiwa Gape tsa Embasi ya Switzerland, Accra, Ghana 2023 | Sebui | 2023 |- | Tiragalo ya Tlelaemete ya Embasi ya Italy ya IRENA, Accra, Ghana 2023 | Sebui | 2023 |- | Khonferense ya AMCEN, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2023 | Sebui | 2023 |- | Letsatsi la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Tikologo, Abidjan, Cote'Ivoire 2023 | Modiragatsi / Mophanele | 2023 |- | Konsarata ya Boditšhabatšhaba e e Kgatlhanong le Bosemorafe, kwa Salvador Bahia, kwa Brazil 2023 | Modiragatsi / Sebui | 2023 |- | Phepafatso ya Lebopo la Letsatsi la Lefatshe, Ghana 2023 | Sebui | 2023 |- | Konsarata ya Boditšhabatšhaba e e Kgatlhanong le Bosemorafe, kwa Costa Rica 2023 | Sebui / Modiragatsi | 2023 |- | Moletlo wa UNEP wa Letsatsi la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Lewatle, Seetebosigo 2022 (ka thekenoloji) | Sebui | 2022 |- | Kokoano ya Tikologo ya Ditšhabakopano, Nairobi, Kenya Mopitlwe 2022 | Sebui / Modiragatsi | 2022 |- | Go thankgololwa ga Folaga ya Batswakwa ya Kgaolo ya Borataro ya Aforika, Accra, Ghana Tlhakole 2022 | Sebui | 2022 |- | Letsatsi la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Setso sa Aforika le sa Baaforika, Accra, Ghana Ferikgong 2022 | Sebui | 2022 |- | COP26, Scotland, UK Diphalane 2021 | Moemedi | 2021 |} == Dipina == {| class="wikitable" !Alebamo ! Ngwaga |- |The Movement | 1996 |- |Crusade | 1998 |- |Awakening | 2001 |- |Book of Changes | 2005 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Book of Changes |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/book-of-changes/110745860 |access-date=April 26, 2016 |publisher=iTunes}}</ref> |- |Hymns for the Rebel Soul | 2010 |- |Branches of the Same Tree | 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Branches of The Same Tree at 58th Grammys |url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees?genre=29 |access-date=April 26, 2016 |publisher=Grammy}}</ref> |- |Beats of Zion | 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2019 |title=7th album |url=https://www.theafricandream.net/rocky-dawuni-beats-of-zion-album-ft-stonebwoy-sarkodie-alika-wiyaala/ |access-date=March 3, 2019 |publisher=TheAfricanDream.net}}</ref> |- |Voice of Bunbon Vol.1 | 2020 |} == ditshwantsho tsa metshameko == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Director !Ref |- |2010 |''Walk The Talk'' |{{N/A}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walk The Talk video |url=https://sonichits.com/video/Rocky_Dawuni/Walk_The_Talk |access-date=February 6, 2019 |website=sonichits.com}}</ref> |- |2010 |''African Reggae Fever'' |{{N/A}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Reggae Fever video |url=https://rastafari.tv/video/rocky-dawuni-african-reggae-fever/ |access-date=February 6, 2019 |website=rastafari.tv}}</ref> |- |2010 |''Download The Revolution'' |{{N/A}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Download The Revolution video |url=https://biafranunity.tv/music/download-the-revolution/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124137/https://biafranunity.tv/music/download-the-revolution/ |archive-date=February 9, 2019 |access-date=February 6, 2019 |website=biafranunity.tv}}</ref> |- |2015 |''Nairobi'' |{{N/A}} |<ref>{{Cite news|title=Music Video Rocky Dawuni - Nairobi|url=http://pulse.com.gh/music-videos/music-video-rocky-dawuni-nairobi-id4095411.html|accessdate=February 16, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828055810/http://pulse.com.gh/music-videos/music-video-rocky-dawuni-nairobi-id4095411.html|archivedate=August 28, 2015}}</ref> |- |2015 |''African Thriller'' |{{N/A}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2015 |title=African Thriller video |url=https://www.theafricandream.net/new-rocky-dawuni-album-out-march-31-2015/ |access-date=January 26, 2019 |website=TheAfricanDream.net}}</ref> |- |2017 |''Shine a Light'' |{{N/A}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shine a Light video |url=https://www.axs.com/rocky-dawuni-premieres-joyful-video-for-shine-a-light-113520 |access-date=February 6, 2019 |website=www.axs.com}}</ref> |- |2019 |''Beats of Zion'' |{{N/A}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 22, 2019 |title=Beats of Zion video |url=https://www.theafricandream.net/rocky-dawuni-2019-single-beats-of-zion/ |access-date=January 26, 2019 |website=TheAfricanDream.net}}</ref> |- |2019 |''Elevation'' |{{N/A}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elevation video |url=https://rockydawuni.com/rocky-dawuni-elevation-video-premiere/ |access-date=May 14, 2020 |website=RockyDawuni.com}}</ref> |- |2019 |''Champion Arise'' |{{N/A}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2020 |title=Champion Arise video |url=https://www.theafricandream.net/heroes-of-covid-19-new-rocky-dawuni-champion-arise-video-is-positivity/ |access-date=May 14, 2020 |website=TheAfricanDream.net}}</ref> |- |2022 |Neva Bow Down |Slingshot |<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2022 |title=Rocky Dawuni releases 'Neva Bow Down' video ft Blvk H3ro |url=https://ghanaweekend.com/2022/10/08/rocky-dawuni-releases-neva-bow-down-video-ft-blvk-h3ro/ |access-date=October 11, 2022 |website=Ghana Weekend |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2023 |''Shade Tree'' |[[Ema Ribeiro]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2023 |title=Shade Tree video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXiZXFNT6QM |access-date=September 26, 2024 |website=youtube.com}}</ref> |} == Mmino o o bontshiwang mo dibaesekopong == {| class="wikitable" !Pina ! Setlhogo sa baesekopo ! Mofuta wa Baesekopo |- | Shine a Light <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2017 |title=Fist Fight soundtrack |url=https://www.soundtrackmania.net/fist-fight-soundtrack.html/ |access-date=February 6, 2019 |website=soundtrackmania.net |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124623/https://www.soundtrackmania.net/fist-fight-soundtrack.html/ |archive-date=February 9, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |Fist Fight | Metlae |} == Mmino o o bontshiwang mo setshwantshong sa motshikinyego == {| class="wikitable" !Motlhala ! Lenaneo la TV ! Seteišene sa TV |- |Wake the Town | ER | NBC |- |Jammin Nation | Weeds |Showtime |- |Jah Be For Us | Weeds (motseletsele wa thelebishene) |Showtime |- | Shashemane | ER | NBC |- |Jah Be For Us | Dexter (motseletsele wa thelebishene) |Showtime |- |Knocking on Heaven's Door | ER | NBC |- |Turn it up |Animal Kingdom | TNT (neteweke ya thelebishene ya Amerika) |- |Burn one |Animal Kingdom | TNT (neteweke ya thelebishene ya Amerika) |} == Mmino o o bontshiwang mo metshamekong ya bidio == {| class="wikitable" !Motlhala ! Metshameko ya EA ! Ngwaga |- |African Thriller |2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil | 2014 |- |Reggae Carnival Style |The Sims 3:Island Paradise | 2013 |- |African Soccer Fever |2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa | 2010 |- |Download the Revolution | ''FIFA 10'' | 2009 |- |The One |The Sims 2: Castaway | 2008 |- |Wake up the Town ft.Shee | ''FIFA 08'' | 2007 |} == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 02oxgnrty6wcyzh4hm463r3jiiimait 0 15330 56315 55851 2026-10-05T19:14:46Z VNGao 10152 /* Metswedi */ 56315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Elizabeth Cardozo Barker|image=Elizabeth Barker (13270158303).jpg|birth_date=Ngwaga wa 1900|birth_place=Washington D.C|death_date=Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le bone, ngwaga wa 1981|death_place=Hyannis, Massachusetts}} '''[[:en:Elizabeth_Cardozo_Barker|Elizabeth Cardozo Barker]]''' (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe mme a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le motso) e ne e le motlhami wa Cardozo Sisters Hairstylists kwa Washington D.C.<ref>[https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/8/archival_objects/2485431 "Elizabeth Cardozo Barker. Transcript".] ''HOLLIS for Archival Discovery''. Retrieved 28 September 2026</ref><ref name=":1">[https://guides.library.harvard.edu/schlesinger_bwohp/biographies "Black Women Oral History Project Interviews, 1976–1981: Biographies". ''S'']''chlesinger Library on the History of Women in America research Guides''. Retrieved 28 September 2026</ref> Gape e ne e le tautona wa lekgotla la D.C Cosmetology.<ref name=":2">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1981/11/28/elizabeth-cardozo-barker-dies/9ca8c937-ef44-499f-b555-94ef4d7efff2/ "Elizabeth Cardozo Barker Dies".] ''Washington Post''. Retrieved 28 September 2026</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Elizabeth Cardozo Barker o tsholetswe kwa Washington, D.C., kwa a ntseng teng go fitlhelela a ithola tiro ka bogodi ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa.<ref name=":2" /> O ne a botsolosiwa mo porojekeng ya Wome History Oral le batsalwa le ene, ebong Margaret Cardozo Holmes le Catherine Cardozo Lewis. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le borobabobedi, o ne a tlhama kompone ya Cardozo Sisters Hairstylists e ba neng ba e tlhakanetse.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">Smith, Jessie (2017). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=uyw_DwAAQBAJ&q=Cardozo+Sisters+Hair+Stylists&pg=PA157&redir_esc=y Encyclopedia of African American Business: Updated and Revised Edition]'' (2nd&nbsp;ed.). ABC-CLIO. pp.&nbsp;157–161. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1440850288|<bdi>978-1440850288</bdi>.]] Retrieved 28 September 2026</ref> Barker o ne a bereka e ;e mokwaledi kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa Howard University le e le mookamedi wa komponeng ya Liberty Life Insurance kwa Chicago. Barker o simolotse kompone ya meriri kwa ntlong ya gagwe mme morago ya gola go nna le mafelo a matlhano kwa Washington, D.C.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">Cultural Tourism DC. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20190131193654/https://www.culturaltourismdc.org/portal/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=71dd837b-d28c-4ca1-985b-bf50a1eb6a8c&groupId=701982 Along the "Nile Valley""]. ''Lift Every Voice: Georgia Ave./Pleasant Plains Heritage Trail'': 13. Retrieved 28 September 2026</ref> Barker le motsalwa le ene Margaret Cardozo Holmes ba ne ba tsenelela meletlo ya dikgwebo go ithuta methale e mesha le go batla didirisiwa tsa kgwebo ya bone. Melao ya Jim Crow e ne e ka ba thibela go tsenelela meletlo e, mme basetsana ba ba ne ba bonala jaaka batho basweu.<ref name=":3" /> Ba ne ba rekisa dikgwebo tsa bone morago ga dingwaga di le masome a matlhano ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borobabobedi. Elizabeth Cardozo Barker o ne a thapiwa go nna mo lekgotleng la D.C Cosmetology ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le boraro a diriwa tautona wa lone ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bosupa. E ne e le leloko la lekgotla la baokamedi ba Small Business Development Center.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Ka maemo a le kgwebo ya gagwe e e atlegileng, o ne a lwela gore go seka ga nna le kgaogano ya batho ka lotso le mmala le go fedisiwa ga tlhaolele mo mohameng.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> O ithotse marapo ka bogosi kwa Osterville, Massachusetts ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa. Monna wa gagwe wa bobedi, Beltran Barker, o tlhokafetse ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borobabongwe. Elizabeth o ne a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya go ema ga pelo ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le motso kwa sepateleng sa Cape Cod kwa Hyannis, Massachusetts.<ref name=":2" /> == Metswedi == <references /> == Magokaganyi aa kwa ntle == * [https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/8/archival_objects/2485431 Elizabeth Cardozo Barker Interview Transcript, 1976-1981 OH-31.] Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass * [https://www.dc1968project.com/blog/2018/1/16/8opyz8pwp14y624bwkqd1yqpcgjdqo 17 jan 1968 & cardozo sisters hairstylists] DC1968 Project fui5dfxmuhgm2wb43wrphhpyasgah6i 0 15463 56304 56245 2026-10-05T17:15:17Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jaz Sinclair | image = | caption = | birth_date = Phukwi 22, 1994 | birth_place = | nationality = America | occupation = Motshameki wa difilimi | known_for = | years_active = }} '''Jaz Sinclair''' (o belegwe ka Phukwi di 22, 1994)<ref>{{Cite magazine|first=Alison|last=Caporimo|date=December 12, 2018|title=8 Fun Facts About "Chilling Adventures of Sabrina" Star Jaz Sinclair|url=https://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/movies-tv/a25562573/jaz-sinclair-chilling-adventures-of-sabrina-facts/|access-date=August 8, 2026|magazine=[[Seventeen (American magazine)|Seventeen]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213002847/https://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/movies-tv/a25562573/jaz-sinclair-chilling-adventures-of-sabrina-facts/|archive-date=December 13, 2018|url-status=live}} Caporimo, Alison (December 12, 2018). [https://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/movies-tv/a25562573/jaz-sinclair-chilling-adventures-of-sabrina-facts/ "8 Fun Facts About "Chilling Adventures of Sabrina" Star Jaz Sinclair"]. Seventeen. Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2026</ref> ke motshameki wa difilimi kwa Amerika. O itsege ka go tshameka e le Rosalind "Roz" Walker mo mafathatheng a Netflix wa [[Chilling Adventures of Sabrina,]] '''Angela''' mo [[Paper Towns]], Anna mo [[When the Bough Breaks]], Marie Moreau mo Gen V (2023- 2025) le dikarolo tse dingwe tsa thelebišene. == Tiro ya gagwe == Ka 2013, Sinclair o ne a tshameka mo dikgaolong tse pedi tsa motweding wa [[HBO]] mo motseletseleng wa [[Masterclass]].<ref name="Oct2014TW">{{Cite news|last1=Ge|first1=Linda|last2=Nededog|first2=Jethro|title=John Green Adaptation 'Paper Towns' Adds Newcomer Jaz Sinclair (Exclusive)|url=https://www.thewrap.com/john-green-adaptation-paper-towns-adds-newcomer-jaz-sinclair-exclusive/|accessdate=July 27, 2015|work=thewrap.com|date=October 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=HBO to Premiere Anna Deavere Smith: A Youngarts Masterclass, 2/17|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/HBO-to-Premiere-ANNA-DEAVERE-SMITH-A-YOUNGARTS-MASTERCLASS-217-20140211|accessdate=July 27, 2015|work=broadwayworld.com|date=February 11, 2014}}</ref> Ka 2014, Sinclair o ne a tshameka karolo ya Kim Carson mo go nngwe ya ditiragalo tsa [[Revolution]] ya [[NBC]].<ref name="Oct2014Hypable">{{Cite news|last1=Sims|first1=Andrew|title='Paper Towns' adds Jaz Sinclair as Radar's girlfriend Angela|url=http://www.hypable.com/paper-towns-casts-jaz-sinclair-angela/|accessdate=July 27, 2015|work=hypable.com|date=October 15, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001042635/https://www.hypable.com/paper-towns-casts-jaz-sinclair-angela/|archivedate=October 1, 2023}}</ref> Gape o ne a tshameka karolo ya Tasha Williams mo dikgaolong tse tharo tsa Rizzoli & Isles ya TNT.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Somosot|first1=Janice|title='Rizzoli & Isles' Season 5 Finale 'Family Matters' Spoilers: A Husband Who Appears To Lead A Double Life Gets Killed [Watch Video]|url=http://www.ibtimes.com.au/rizzoli-isles-season-5-finale-family-matters-spoilers-husband-who-appears-lead-double-life-gets|accessdate=July 27, 2015|work=ibtimes.com.au|date=March 18, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Oct2014TW" /><ref name="Oct2014Hypable" /> Ka 2015, Sinclair o ne a tshameka mo dikgaolong tse pedi tsa motseletsele wa dikgang wa HBO wa Masterclass.<ref name="Oct2014TW" /> Filimi e e theilwe mo bukeng ya [[John Green]] e e nang le leina le le tshwanang, mme e ne ya gololwa ke 20th [[Century Fox]] ka July 24, 2015.<ref name="Oct2014TW" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paper Towns (2015) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=papertowns.htm |access-date=July 27, 2015 |publisher=boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, Sinclair o ne a tshameka karolo ya go nna Anna, mmè yo o belegisang ngwana yo mongwe, mo filiming ya [[When the Bough Breaks]], e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke [[Jon Cassar]].<ref name="Dec2014Variety">{{Cite news|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|title=Jaz Sinclair Joins Screen Gems Thriller 'When the Bough Breaks'|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/jaz-sinclair-when-the-bough-breaks-casting-1201380816/|accessdate=July 27, 2015|work=variety.com|date=December 16, 2014}}</ref> Filimi yeo e golotswe ka Lwetse a le di 9, 2016 ke Screen Gems.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Lesnick|first1=Silas|title=Pride and Prejudice and Zombies Gets February 19, 2016 Release|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/424891-pride-and-prejudice-and-zombies-gets-february-19-2016-release|accessdate=April 4, 2015|date=March 30, 2015}}</ref> Ka 2017, Sinclair o ne a tshameka e le Beatrice Bennett mo motseletseleng wa ''The Vampire Diaries''. Sinclair o ne a tshameka Chloe mo filiming e e tshosang ya [[Slender Man]], e e neng ya gololwa mo theater ka Phatwe 10, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Slender Man Release Date Pushed Back to August 2018|url=https://screenrant.com/slender-man-release-date-delayed-august-2018/|work=Screenrant|last=Zinski|first=Dan|date=January 23, 2018|accessdate=February 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Joey King, Julia Goldani-Telles & More Join 'Slender Man' From Director Sylvain White|url=https://deadline.com/2017/05/joey-king-julia-goldani-telles-slender-man-director-sylvain-white-1202100183/|work=Deadline|last=N'Duka|first=Amanda|date=May 22, 2017|accessdate=February 6, 2018}}</ref> Ka 5 Tlhakole 2018, Sinclair o ne a tshameka jaaka Rosalind "Roz" Walker mo motseletseleng wa [[Netflix]] o o theilweng mo [[Chilling Adventures of Sabrina]]..<ref>{{Cite news|last=Goldberg|first=Lesley|title='Riverdale' Spinoff Casts Sabrina's Best Friend (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/riverdale-spinoff-casts-sabrinas-best-friend-1081547|accessdate=February 6, 2018|date=February 5, 2018}}</ref> O ntse a golola mmino ka leina la Jasimi fa e sale ka 2020. O ne a golola EP ya gagwe ya ntlha, Bought Myself Daisies, e e nang le dipina di le 5 ka 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-11-22 |title=Jaz Sinclair Releases Music Video for Her First Single 'Dosey Doe' {{!}} Glitter Magazine |url=https://glittermagazine.co/2020/11/22/jaz-sinclair-releases-music-video-for-her-first-single-dosey-doe/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=glittermagazine.co |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka 11 Mopitlwe 2021, Sinclair o ne a tshameka mo filimi ye tlhamilweng ke Amazon ya [[The Boys]], e e nang le setlhogo sa [[Gen V]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maas |first=Jennifer |date=2021-03-11 |title=Jaz Sinclair, Lizze Broadway Join 'The Boys' Superhero College Spinoff in the Works at Amazon |url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-boys-spinoff-college-amazon-lizze-broadway-jaz-sinclair/ |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref> o ne tlhagelela la e le mogaka o bidiwang [[Marie Moreau]], mo setlheng sa boraro sa motseletsele wa The Boys pele ga a simolola.''.<ref name="EW">{{cite magazine|last=Romano|first=Nick|title=Red River will become a 'bigger and bigger part' of ''The Boys'' universe|url=https://ew.com/tv/red-river-explained-the-boys-season-3|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=4 June 2022|access-date=4 June 2022}}Romano, Nick (June 4, 2022). [https://ew.com/tv/red-river-explained-the-boys-season-3 "Red River will become a 'bigger and bigger part' of The Boys universe"]. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 4, 2022.</ref>'' == Botshelo jwa gawe == O ne a ratana le [[Ross Lynch]] yo e leng motshameki wa difilimi le moopedi ka 2018 go ema ka 2023.<ref>url=https://www.who.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/ross-lynch-girlfriend/</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] 7hlahi0b9gjr1jkk9vqe5o4fpb61hfu 56305 56304 2026-10-05T17:15:58Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jaz Sinclair | image = | caption = | birth_date = Phukwi 22, 1994 | birth_place = | nationality = America | occupation = Motshameki wa difilimi | known_for = | years_active = 2009-le jaana }} '''Jaz Sinclair''' (o belegwe ka Phukwi di 22, 1994)<ref>{{Cite magazine|first=Alison|last=Caporimo|date=December 12, 2018|title=8 Fun Facts About "Chilling Adventures of Sabrina" Star Jaz Sinclair|url=https://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/movies-tv/a25562573/jaz-sinclair-chilling-adventures-of-sabrina-facts/|access-date=August 8, 2026|magazine=[[Seventeen (American magazine)|Seventeen]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213002847/https://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/movies-tv/a25562573/jaz-sinclair-chilling-adventures-of-sabrina-facts/|archive-date=December 13, 2018|url-status=live}} Caporimo, Alison (December 12, 2018). [https://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/movies-tv/a25562573/jaz-sinclair-chilling-adventures-of-sabrina-facts/ "8 Fun Facts About "Chilling Adventures of Sabrina" Star Jaz Sinclair"]. Seventeen. Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2026</ref> ke motshameki wa difilimi kwa Amerika. O itsege ka go tshameka e le Rosalind "Roz" Walker mo mafathatheng a Netflix wa [[Chilling Adventures of Sabrina,]] '''Angela''' mo [[Paper Towns]], Anna mo [[When the Bough Breaks]], Marie Moreau mo Gen V (2023- 2025) le dikarolo tse dingwe tsa thelebišene. == Tiro ya gagwe == Ka 2013, Sinclair o ne a tshameka mo dikgaolong tse pedi tsa motweding wa [[HBO]] mo motseletseleng wa [[Masterclass]].<ref name="Oct2014TW">{{Cite news|last1=Ge|first1=Linda|last2=Nededog|first2=Jethro|title=John Green Adaptation 'Paper Towns' Adds Newcomer Jaz Sinclair (Exclusive)|url=https://www.thewrap.com/john-green-adaptation-paper-towns-adds-newcomer-jaz-sinclair-exclusive/|accessdate=July 27, 2015|work=thewrap.com|date=October 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=HBO to Premiere Anna Deavere Smith: A Youngarts Masterclass, 2/17|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/HBO-to-Premiere-ANNA-DEAVERE-SMITH-A-YOUNGARTS-MASTERCLASS-217-20140211|accessdate=July 27, 2015|work=broadwayworld.com|date=February 11, 2014}}</ref> Ka 2014, Sinclair o ne a tshameka karolo ya Kim Carson mo go nngwe ya ditiragalo tsa [[Revolution]] ya [[NBC]].<ref name="Oct2014Hypable">{{Cite news|last1=Sims|first1=Andrew|title='Paper Towns' adds Jaz Sinclair as Radar's girlfriend Angela|url=http://www.hypable.com/paper-towns-casts-jaz-sinclair-angela/|accessdate=July 27, 2015|work=hypable.com|date=October 15, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001042635/https://www.hypable.com/paper-towns-casts-jaz-sinclair-angela/|archivedate=October 1, 2023}}</ref> Gape o ne a tshameka karolo ya Tasha Williams mo dikgaolong tse tharo tsa Rizzoli & Isles ya TNT.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Somosot|first1=Janice|title='Rizzoli & Isles' Season 5 Finale 'Family Matters' Spoilers: A Husband Who Appears To Lead A Double Life Gets Killed [Watch Video]|url=http://www.ibtimes.com.au/rizzoli-isles-season-5-finale-family-matters-spoilers-husband-who-appears-lead-double-life-gets|accessdate=July 27, 2015|work=ibtimes.com.au|date=March 18, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Oct2014TW" /><ref name="Oct2014Hypable" /> Ka 2015, Sinclair o ne a tshameka mo dikgaolong tse pedi tsa motseletsele wa dikgang wa HBO wa Masterclass.<ref name="Oct2014TW" /> Filimi e e theilwe mo bukeng ya [[John Green]] e e nang le leina le le tshwanang, mme e ne ya gololwa ke 20th [[Century Fox]] ka July 24, 2015.<ref name="Oct2014TW" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paper Towns (2015) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=papertowns.htm |access-date=July 27, 2015 |publisher=boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, Sinclair o ne a tshameka karolo ya go nna Anna, mmè yo o belegisang ngwana yo mongwe, mo filiming ya [[When the Bough Breaks]], e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke [[Jon Cassar]].<ref name="Dec2014Variety">{{Cite news|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|title=Jaz Sinclair Joins Screen Gems Thriller 'When the Bough Breaks'|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/jaz-sinclair-when-the-bough-breaks-casting-1201380816/|accessdate=July 27, 2015|work=variety.com|date=December 16, 2014}}</ref> Filimi yeo e golotswe ka Lwetse a le di 9, 2016 ke Screen Gems.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Lesnick|first1=Silas|title=Pride and Prejudice and Zombies Gets February 19, 2016 Release|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/424891-pride-and-prejudice-and-zombies-gets-february-19-2016-release|accessdate=April 4, 2015|date=March 30, 2015}}</ref> Ka 2017, Sinclair o ne a tshameka e le Beatrice Bennett mo motseletseleng wa ''The Vampire Diaries''. Sinclair o ne a tshameka Chloe mo filiming e e tshosang ya [[Slender Man]], e e neng ya gololwa mo theater ka Phatwe 10, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Slender Man Release Date Pushed Back to August 2018|url=https://screenrant.com/slender-man-release-date-delayed-august-2018/|work=Screenrant|last=Zinski|first=Dan|date=January 23, 2018|accessdate=February 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Joey King, Julia Goldani-Telles & More Join 'Slender Man' From Director Sylvain White|url=https://deadline.com/2017/05/joey-king-julia-goldani-telles-slender-man-director-sylvain-white-1202100183/|work=Deadline|last=N'Duka|first=Amanda|date=May 22, 2017|accessdate=February 6, 2018}}</ref> Ka 5 Tlhakole 2018, Sinclair o ne a tshameka jaaka Rosalind "Roz" Walker mo motseletseleng wa [[Netflix]] o o theilweng mo [[Chilling Adventures of Sabrina]]..<ref>{{Cite news|last=Goldberg|first=Lesley|title='Riverdale' Spinoff Casts Sabrina's Best Friend (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/riverdale-spinoff-casts-sabrinas-best-friend-1081547|accessdate=February 6, 2018|date=February 5, 2018}}</ref> O ntse a golola mmino ka leina la Jasimi fa e sale ka 2020. O ne a golola EP ya gagwe ya ntlha, Bought Myself Daisies, e e nang le dipina di le 5 ka 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-11-22 |title=Jaz Sinclair Releases Music Video for Her First Single 'Dosey Doe' {{!}} Glitter Magazine |url=https://glittermagazine.co/2020/11/22/jaz-sinclair-releases-music-video-for-her-first-single-dosey-doe/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=glittermagazine.co |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka 11 Mopitlwe 2021, Sinclair o ne a tshameka mo filimi ye tlhamilweng ke Amazon ya [[The Boys]], e e nang le setlhogo sa [[Gen V]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maas |first=Jennifer |date=2021-03-11 |title=Jaz Sinclair, Lizze Broadway Join 'The Boys' Superhero College Spinoff in the Works at Amazon |url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-boys-spinoff-college-amazon-lizze-broadway-jaz-sinclair/ |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref> o ne tlhagelela la e le mogaka o bidiwang [[Marie Moreau]], mo setlheng sa boraro sa motseletsele wa The Boys pele ga a simolola.''.<ref name="EW">{{cite magazine|last=Romano|first=Nick|title=Red River will become a 'bigger and bigger part' of ''The Boys'' universe|url=https://ew.com/tv/red-river-explained-the-boys-season-3|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=4 June 2022|access-date=4 June 2022}}Romano, Nick (June 4, 2022). [https://ew.com/tv/red-river-explained-the-boys-season-3 "Red River will become a 'bigger and bigger part' of The Boys universe"]. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 4, 2022.</ref>'' == Botshelo jwa gawe == O ne a ratana le [[Ross Lynch]] yo e leng motshameki wa difilimi le moopedi ka 2018 go ema ka 2023.<ref>url=https://www.who.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/ross-lynch-girlfriend/</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] ne5lrkai68e1zo97ccpmqt8uf17fweu 0 15467 56291 56171 2026-10-05T16:17:48Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56291 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Portrait de Reign Edwards Allociné.png|thumb]] '''Reign Edwards''' (o tshotswe ka 1 Sedimonthole 1996) ke motshameki wa difilimi wa mo America. O itsege thata ka go tshameka e le Rachel Reid mo [[The Wilds]] le jaaka Nicole Avant mo [[The Bold and the Beautiful]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 8, 2017 |title=Reign Edwards tells us what it’s like to be Bold and Beautiful |url=https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/your-life-entertainment-your-life/soapies/1594110/big-break-for-reign-edwards/ |website=[[The Citizen (South Africa)|The Citizen]]}}</ref> e a neng a tlhophiwa mo [[Daytime Emmy Award]] e le motshameki yo o monnye yo o gaisitseng ka 2016, 2017 le 2018.. == Kitso ka gagwe == Edwards o tsholetswe kwa [[Harford County]], kwa Maryland. O ne a simolola go tshameka mo terameng ya 2008 ya lorato [[Explicit Ills]], e e kwadilweng le go kaelwa ke [[Mark Weber]]. Ka 2011, Edwards o ne a tshameka karolo ya motshameki yo monnye wa mogaka yo o neng a tshamekiwa ke [[Nicole Ari Parker]], mo filiming ya metlae ya lorato 35 and Ticking e e kwadilweng le go kaelwa ke [[Russ Parr.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reign Edwards as Young Zenobia - 35 and Ticking |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1652287/characters/nm3913726 |access-date=2023-09-01 |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2015, o ne a tshameka mo thelebišeneng ya drama ya CBS [[The Bold and the Beautiful]] e le Nicole Avant.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2017 |title=Reign Edwards (Nicole) |url=https://www.pressreader.com/usa/abc-soaps-in-depth/20170828/281638190318318 |website=[[PressReader]]}}</ref> Ka 2017, o ne a tsaya karolo ya motlhankedi wa sephiri mo motseletseleng wa [[MacGyver]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2017 |title=Reign Edwards To Guest-Star On MACGYVER |url=https://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/reign-edwards-guest-star-macgyver/ |website=[[Soap Opera Digest]] |publisher=[[American Media, Inc.]]}}</ref> Mo go one ngwaga oo, Edwards o ne a tshameka karolo ya Melody Wright, mo serieng sa FX sa dikgang tsa bosenyi sa Snowfall. Ka ngwaga wa 2018, o ne a tlhagelela mo filiming e e tshosang ya [[Hell Fest]]..<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2018 |title=CBS Films Sets ‘Hellfest’ Heroines: Amy Forsyth, Reign Edwards, Bex Taylor-Klaus |url=https://deadline.com/2018/02/hellfest-amy-forsyth-reign-edwards-bex-taylor-klaus-cbs-films-gregory-plotkin-1202288289/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2018 |title=B&B’s Reign Edwards Books New Gig |url=https://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/bbs-reign-edwards-books-new-gig/ |website=[[Soap Opera Digest]] |publisher=[[American Media, Inc.]]}}</ref> Edwards o ne a tshameka mo seraleng sa terama sa [[The Wilds]] jaaka Rachel Reid, se se tlhamilweng ke Sarah Streicher sa [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-13 |title=Reign Edwards Details Her Journey From 'The Bold and the Beautiful' to 'The Wilds' |url=https://collider.com/the-wilds-reign-edwards-interview-the-bold-and-the-beautiful/ |access-date=2023-09-01 |publisher=Collider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-11 |title="The Wilds": An Interview with Reign Edwards |url=https://www.thecherrypicks.com/stories/the-wilds-interview-reign-edwards/ |access-date=2023-09-01 |publisher=thecherrypicks.com}}</ref> == Difilimi tsa gagwe == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ngwaga !Sethogo !Karolo ! class="unsortable" |kitsiso |- |2008 |''Explicit Ills'' |Rally Participant |Uncredited |- |2010 |''Thicker Than Water'' |Leah |Short film |- |2011 |''35 and Ticking'' |Young Zenobia | |- |2018 |''Hell Fest'' |Brooke |- |2021 |''Love You Anyway'' |Mackenzie |Main role |- |2023 |''Old Dads'' |Britney | |} == Dietsele == {| class="wikitable" |+Dietsele tsa go tshameka difilimi !Ngwaga !Seetsele !karolo !sethogo !Maduo !motswedi. |- |2016 |Daytime Emmy Award |Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series |''The Bold and the Beautiful'' |{{nom}} |<ref name="NATAS 2016">{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2016 |title=The 43rd Annual Daytime Emmy Award Nominations |url=http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_43rd_nominations.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417042422/http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_43rd_nominations.pdf |archive-date=April 17, 2016 |access-date=March 24, 2016 |publisher=emmyonline.org and [[National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]] |format=PDF}}</ref> |- |2017 |Daytime Emmy Award |Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series |''The Bold and the Beautiful'' |{{nom}} |<ref name="NATAS 20172">{{Cite web |date=March 22, 2017 |title=The 44th Annual Daytime Emmy Award Nominations |url=http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_44th_nominations_v02.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2017 |publisher=emmyonline.org and [[National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]] |format=PDF |df= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503025016/http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_44th_nominations_v02.pdf |archive-date=May 3, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2017 |Soap Awards France |Best New Character |''The Bold and the Beautiful'' |{{nom}} |<ref name="FR SOAP 2017 Wins">{{Cite web |date=June 1, 2017 |title=Soap Awards France 2017 : Hélène Rollès, Les Mystères de l’amour, Ambroise Michel, Terre de passions, Eric Braeden... le palmarès complet |url=https://www.toutelatele.com/soap-awards-france-2017-helene-rolles-les-mysteres-de-l-amour-ambroise-michel-terre-de-passions-eric-braeden-le-palmares-complet-91285 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |publisher=toutelatele.com and [[Médiamétrie]] |df=}}</ref> |- |2018 |Daytime Emmy Award |Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series |''The Bold and the Beautiful'' |{{nom}} |<ref name="NATAS 2018">{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=The 45th Annual Daytime Emmy Awards Nominations |url=http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_45th_nominations.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322081954/http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_45th_nominations.pdf |archive-date=March 22, 2018 |access-date=March 21, 2018 |publisher=emmyonline.org and National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences}}</ref> |} == Metswedi == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] j1x1cyh8y7dafmvwhq5p8cltgjo2qu3 0 15473 56303 56184 2026-10-05T17:14:31Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 56303 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charmaine Shamiso Mapimbiro'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Nemasetoni|first=Dakalo|date=9 April 2020|title=Singer Sha Sha on her rise to fame: "I didn't always know I could sing"|url=https://www.news24.com/move/Celebs/singer-sha-sha-on-her-rise-to-fame-i-didnt-always-know-i-could-sing-20200409|access-date=29 June 2020|issn=1563-5538}}</ref> (o belegwe ka 13 Phukwi 1994), yo o itsegeng ka leina la Sha Sha, ke moopedi le mokwadi wa dipina wa kwa [[Zimbabwe]] yo o tswang kwa [[Mutare]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Kgobotlo |first=Boitumelo |date=6 November 2019 |title=Sha Sha blossoms with her debut EP |url=https://sundayworld.co.za/news/sha-sha-blossoms-with-her-debut-ep/ |access-date=4 July 2020 |website=[[Sunday World]] |language=en-ZA |issn=1561-123X |quote='25-year old'}}</ref> O biditswe ke bale bantsi gotwe ke "khumagadi ya [[amapiano]]",<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ndlovu|first=Bruce|date=17 June 2020|title=Hail the queen of Amapiano... The rise of Zim's Sha Sha|url=https://www.sundaynews.co.zw/hail-the-queen-of-amapiano-the-rise-of-zims-sha-sha/|access-date=4 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Murimwa|first=Chengetai|date=4 July 2020|title=Amapiano Queen Sha-Sha says she was suppose to be a nurse|url=https://zimbabwevoice.com/2019/12/04/amapiano-queen-sha-sha-says-she-was-suppose-to-be-a-nurse/|access-date=4 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704141550/https://zimbabwevoice.com/2019/12/04/amapiano-queen-sha-sha-says-she-was-suppose-to-be-a-nurse/|archivedate=4 July 2020}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Tjiya|first=Emmanuel|date=30 June 2020|title=Sha Sha blown over by prestigious BET award|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/pic-of-the-day/2020-06-30-sha-sha-blown-over-by-prestigious-bet-award/|access-date=4 July 2020|issn=1016-3697}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Zeeman |first=Kyle |date=29 June 2020 |title='Taking 'yano to the world'- Zimbabwean amapiano star Sha Sha wins a BET |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-06-29-taking-yano-to-the-world--zimbabwean-amapiano-star-sha-sha-wins-a-bet/ |access-date=4 July 2020 |website=[[TimesLIVE]] |language=en-ZA}}</ref> mme o simolotse go tshameka ka 2011, a le dingwaga di le 17 mme moragonyana a bonwa ke [[Audius Mtawarira]]. O ne a tuma ka go dirisana mmogo le batlhagisi ba kopelo ya Amapiano ba Afrika Borwa jaaka [[DJ Maphorisa]] le [[Kabza De Small|Kabza de Small]]..<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Zwane|first=Nokuthula|date=29 June 2020|title=Amapiano Queen Sha Sha bags first international award|issn=1561-123X|url=https://sundayworld.co.za/news/amapiano-queen-sha-sha-bags-first-inetrnational-award/#:~:text=Sha%20Sha%20is%20popularly%20known,at%20the%20BET%20International%20awards.|access-date=4 July 2020}}</ref> Morago ga go saena konteraka ya rekoto le Blaq Boy Music, Blossom EP ya gagwe ya ntlha, e ne ya gololwa ka 2019. O ne a abelwa sekgele sa Best New International Act kwa [[BET Awards]] ya 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Alutho|first=Mbendeni|date=29 June 2020|title=Sha Sha bags a BET award for best new international act|work=[[News24 (website)|News24]]|url=https://www.news24.com/move/celebs/news/sha-sha-bags-a-bet-award-for-best-new-international-act-20200629|access-date=4 July 2020}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele le tiro == === 1994–2017: Dingwaga tsa pele le nako ya tiro ya kopelo e simolola === O belegetswe kwa [[Mutare]], Mapimbiro o ne a fuduga go ralala Zimbabwe fa a ntse a gola morago ga gore batsadi ba gagwe ba kgaogane, gantsi a nna le nkokoagwe kgotsa bomalomeagwe. Mosepele wa gagwe wa mmino o simolotse morago ga go tsenela khwaere, morago a tsaya dithuto tsa go opela le piano a sa le ngwana.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Mathebula |first=Kwanele |date=15 November 2019 |title=5 minutes with singer Sha Sha |url=http://www.bona.co.za/5-minutes-with-singer-sha-sha/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704215643/https://www.bona.co.za/5-minutes-with-singer-sha-sha/ |archive-date=4 July 2020 |access-date=4 July 2020 |website=Bona Magazine |language=en-GB |issn=0302-7244}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Fa a ne a sa ntse a le mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, mongwe wa ditsala tsa ga Mapimbiro o ne a mo thusa go dira gore radio e kgolo ya Zimbabwe e tshameke mmino wa gagwe.Pina ye e gasitsweng radio e ne ya amogelwa sentle mme ya ngoka tlhokomelo ya [[Audius Mtawarira]], yo kwa bofelong a neng a nna motlhatlheledi wa gagwe mme a mo thusa go tokafatsa botswerere jwa gagwe.<ref name=":0" /> Ka thuso ya seopedi sa Zimbabwe [[Brian Soko]] ka 2017, duo e ne ya golaganngwa le diopedi tsa mo Afrika Borwa tse di jaaka Rouge le Priddy Ugly ba ba neng ba mmontsha mo dikgatisong tsa bona.<ref name=":2" /> Ka nako eno, Sha Sha o ne a kopana le [[DJ Maphorisa]] ka mokgweetsi wa gagwe wa thekisi. Bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba simolola go dira dipina mmogo mme ka thuso ya gagwe, o ne a kgona go kopana le [[Mlindo the Vocalist]] le [[Don Laka]].<ref name=":2" /> === 2018–2020: ''Blossom EP'' === Sha Sha o ne a saenelwa mo labeleng ya ga [[DJ Maphorisa]] ya Blaqboy Music ka 2018.<ref name=":4" /> Morago ga go tuma ka lentswe la gagwe mo pineng ya"Akulaleki"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-03 |title=Samthing Soweto Akulaleki |url=https://iminathi.net/samthing-soweto-akulaleki-ft-dj-maphorisa-kabza-de-small-shasha/ |access-date=2019-11-10 |website=iminathi |language=en-ZA}}</ref> ya ga [[Samthing Soweto]], "Nge Thanda Wena" ya ga [[Mlindo The Vocalist]] le "We Mama" ya bo Scorpion Kings, Sha Sha o golotse alobamo ya ''Blossom'' ka Ngwanatsele 1, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-31 |title=Sha Sha Blossom EP |url=https://iminathi.net/sha-sha-blossom-ep/ |access-date=2020-10-31 |website=iminathi |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ka Morule 3, 2020, Sha Sha o ne a gololola pina ya "Woza".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shumba |first=Ano |date=December 4, 2020 |title=Watch Woza by Sha Sha {{!}} Music In Africa |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/watch-woza-sha-sha |website=Music In Africa}}</ref> === 2021- go ya gompieno:''I'm Alive'' === Go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa June 2022, o ne a saena tumalano ya botsamaisi le Black Major.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shumba |first=Ano |date=2022-06-23 |title=Sha Sha joins SA artist management company Black Major |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sha-sha-joins-sa-artist-management-company-black-major |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BET winner and Amapiano chart-topper Sha Sha joins the Black Major family |url=https://www.blackmajor.co.za/news/sha-sha-joins-black-major/ |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=Black Major}}</ref> "Ungowami" featuring DJ [[Soa Mattrix]] e ne ya gololwa ka July 7, 2022, jaaka album's lead single off her debut studio album I'm Alive e e neng e tshwanetse go gololwa ka August 26<ref>{{Cite web |last=Major |first=Michael |date=2021-07-07 |title=Sha Sha Shares New Single 'Ungowami' Feat. DJ Soa Mattrix |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmusic/article/Sha-Sha-Shares-New-Single-Ungowami-Feat-DJ-Soa-Mattrix-20220707 |access-date=2022-07-11}}</ref> Alobamo e ne ya gololwa ka Lwetse 23, 2022, kwa South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shumba |first=Ano |date=2022-09-23 |title=SA: Sha Sha drops I'm Alive album {{!}} Music In Africa |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-sha-sha-drops-im-alive-album |access-date=2022-09-23 |publisher=Music In Africa}}</ref> == Dietsele tsa gagwe == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width: 80%;" ! scope="col" |Seetsele ! scope="col" |Ngwaga ! scope="col" |Mofenyi (s) le yo tlhophilweng(s) ! scope="col" |karolo ! scope="col" |Maduo ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref. |- ! scope="row" |BET Awards | rowspan="1" |2020 | rowspan="1" |Herself |Best New International Act | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yoo|first=Noah|date=29 June 2020|title=BET Awards 2020: The Full Winners List|work=[[Pitchfork (magazine)|Pitchfork]]|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/bet-awards-2020-the-full-winners-list/|access-date=4 July 2020|issn=2574-2183}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="5" scope="row" |South African Music Awards | rowspan="5" |2020 | rowspan="2" |"Akulaleki" (with Samthing Soweto, DJ Maphorisa and Kabza De Small) |Record of the Year | rowspan="5" {{nominated}} | rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2020 |title=SAMA26 nominations unearth fresh new gems |url=https://mzansimagic.dstv.com/news/sama26-nominations-unearth-fresh-new-gems |access-date=17 October 2020 |website=Mzansi Magic - SAMA26 nominations unearth fresh new gems |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018060625/https://mzansimagic.dstv.com/news/sama26-nominations-unearth-fresh-new-gems |archive-date=18 October 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |Best Collaboration |- |Love You Tonight (with MFR Souls, DJ Maphorisa and Kabza De Small) |- |"Tender Love" (with DJ Maphorisa and Kabza De Small) |- | rowspan="1" |Herself |Rest of Africa Artist |- ! scope="row" |2020 African Entertainment Awards USA |2020 |Herself |Best Female Artist |{{nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=llado |first=Lucy |date=December 22, 2020 |title=Africa Entertainment Awards USA 2020: All the winners {{!}} Music In Africa |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/africa-entertainment-awards-usa-2020-all-winners}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |MTV Africa Music Awards |2021 |''Herself'' |[[MTV Africa Music Award for Best Breakthrough Act|Best Breakthrough Act]] |{{Pending}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2020 |title=Here Are the 2021 MTV Africa Music Awards Nominees |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/mtv-africa-music-awards-2021-nominees-announced/ |access-date=1 July 2021 |website=OkayAfrica |language=en}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |SA Amapiano Music Awards | rowspan="4" |2021 | rowspan="3" |Herself |Best female amapiano artist |{{nom}} | rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=SA Amapiano Music Awards: Look who's been nominated! |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/entertainment/sa-amapiano-music-awards-look-whos-been-nominated/ |access-date=20 July 2021 |website=thesouthafrican.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shumba |first=Ano |date=21 July 2021 |title=SA Amapiano Music Awards 2021: All the nominees |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-amapiano-music-awards-2021-all-nominees |website=Music In Africa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shumba |first=Ano |title=SA Amapiano Music Awards 2021: All the winners {{!}} Music In Africa |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-amapiano-music-awards-2021-all-winners |access-date=25 October 2021 |publisher=Music In Africa}}</ref> |- |Best Amapiano Live Vocal Performance | {{nom}} |- |Best Amapinao Vocalist |{{nom}} |- ! scope="row" |All Africa Music Awards |Herself |Best Female Artist in South Africa |{{nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Gabriel Myers |title=All Africa Music Awards 2021: All the nominees {{!}} Music In Africa |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/all-africa-music-awards-2021-all-nominees |access-date=23 September 2021 |website=Music In Africa}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |Zimbabwe Music Awards | rowspan="3" |2022 | rowspan="3" |Herself |Best Dance | {{nom}} | rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shumba |first=Ano |date=2022-02-21 |title=Zimbabwe Music Awards 2022: All the winners {{!}} Music In Africa |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/zimbabwe-music-awards-2022-all-winners |access-date=2022-02-27 |publisher=Music In Africa}}</ref> |- |Best International Zimbabwean Artist | {{nom}} |- |Best Female Artist | {{nom}} |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] thurshq0tmexzot295rsi4rczif3ltc 0 15478 56281 56195 2026-10-05T13:47:18Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56281 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Michael-Leon Wooley (2008).jpg|thumb]] '''Michael-Leon Wooley''' ke motshameki wa dibaesekopo wa Moamerika. E ne e le lentswe la [[Louis the Alligator]] mo filiming ya [[Disney]] e e neng e tlhophilwe ke Oscar, [[The Princess and the Frog]] mme o ne a tshameka Judge Grady mo seteisheneng sa radio sa WKTT mo go [[Grand Theft Auto IV]] ya Rockstar.. == Early life == Wooley o belegetswe kwa [[Fairfax]], [[Virginia]], ke George le Winnie Wooley. O na le monnawe wa lewelana, Marcus-Leon, le monnawe yo mmotlana, George Jr. O goletse kwa [[Bowie]], kwa [[Maryland]]. Wooley o simolotse go tshameka piano a na le dingwaga di le 5 mme kwa tshimologong o ne a batla go nna moletsi wa piano ya mmino wa classic. Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga go nna le seabe mo tiragalong ya sekolo se segolwane ya [[Oklahoma]]! o ne a simolola go kgatlhegela bobogelo. Fa a ne a le dingwaga di le 16, o ne a fiwa tshono ya go ithuta piano kwa [[Duke Ellington School of the Arts]] kwa Washington, D.C., mme o ne a e gana mme a tlhoma mogopolo mo go tshamekeng le go opela. Fa a le dingwaga di le 18, Wooley o ne a abelwa tuelo e e feletseng ya go ya kwa [[American Musical and Dramatic Academy]] (AMDA) kwa New York City, e le nngwe ya di le 21 tse a neng a di abelwa mo kgaisanong ya bosetšhaba. O ne a ithuta kwa AMDA sebaka sa ngwaga pele a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya go nna motshameki. Wooley o ne a tshameka mo loetong lwa bosetšhaba lwa Purlie, <ref>[http://www.ibdb.com/person.asp?id=73539 Internet Broadway Database]</ref>morago ga moo, a dira jaaka moopedi wa go opela mo sekepeng sa Spirit of New York,<ref>[http://www.spiritofnewyork.com/ny/bridge.jsp Spirit of New York Homepage]</ref>sekepe sa dijo tsa maitseboa se se dikologang [[Manhattan]]. == Tiro ya gawe == Ka 1992, Wooley o ne a simolola go tshameka kwa Broadway e le motshameki wa bobedi (Big Moe le Eat Moe) mo terameng ya kopelo ya [[Clarke Peters]], Five Guys Named Moe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060528005817/http://www.jenacompany.com/blackbway.htm#mlw Black Broadway"]. Archived from the original on May 28, 2006. Retrieved June 5, 2008.</ref> Morago ga Five Guys Named Moe o ne a simolola go etela naga ka bophara le [[The Pointer Sisters]] mo Ain't Misbehavin''<nowiki/>'''<ref>[http://www.legacyrecordings.com/The-Pointer-Sisters/Aint-Misbehavin.aspx Ain't Misbehavin' (The New Cast Recording)] Archived July 3, 2008, at the Wayback Machine</ref> le The Wiz le Stephanie Mills. O ne a boela kwa Broadway ka ngwaga wa 2000 jaaka Olin Britt .<ref>[http://www.musicals101.com/music01.htm Musicals101]</ref> O ne gape a le lentswe la semela se se jang batho, Audrey II, ka 2003 Broadway tsosoloso ya mmino Little Shop of Horrors kwa Virginia Theatre (e ne ya bidiwa August Wilson Theatre ka 2005). Ben Brantley wa [[New York Times]] o ne a kwala gore Wooley o na le "lentswe le le monate la bass mme [[Clive Barnes]] wa [[New York Post]] o ne a re Wooley ke "lentswe le le tshosang la ga Audrey II" le le neng le akaretsa "mongwe wa batshameki ba ba itsegeng thata kwa Broadway. Ka mokaedi wa mmino, [[Skitch Henderson]], Wooley o ne a simolola kwa [[Carnegie Hall]] le New York Pops jaaka mongwe wa "New Faces of 2004," mmogo le ba bangwe ba ba itsegeng ba Broadway jaaka [[John Tartaglia]] le [[Stephanie D'Abruzzo]], dinaledi tsa Broadway's Avenue Q. Tiragalo eno e ne e tshwerwe ke mokwaladikgang wa magatwe wa New York Post e bong [[Liz Smith]]. == Metswedi == {{Reflist|2}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] 8y1y7naaxi7mli71xmcc6g5b2voi6c4 0 15499 56273 56272 2026-10-05T11:59:47Z Mothotlung156 13251 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378504942|Cole Abrahams]]" 56273 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cole Abrahams''' ( yo o tshotsweng ka 19 Motsheganong 1999 ) ke motshameki wa kirikete wa Aforika Borwa yo o tshamekang jaaka mometse wa maemo a a kwa godimo le motshamiki wa letsogo la moja . Mo gae o tshamekela Knights le Delfos kwa Liking e e kwa godimo ya GCB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cricket World {{!}} Latest cricket news, live scores and video |url=https://www.cricdat.com/cricket/knights-vs-titans/match/live/99497 |access-date=2026-10-03 |website=Cricket World}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa bogologolo == Cole Abrahams o belegwe kwa [[Johannesburg]] kwa [[Gauteng]] [[Aforika Borwa|kwa Aforika Borwt]]. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-28 |title=Kendal Cricket Club sign new professional from South Africa |url=https://www.thewestmorlandgazette.co.uk/sport/24888268.kendal-cricket-club-announce-signing-south-african-talent/ |access-date=2026-10-03 |website=The Westmorland Gazette |language=en}}</ref> O tsene sekolo se se potlana sa Cliffview, kwa a neng a tshameka kirikete teng a le dingwaga di le 8 e le mometsei . Fa a le dingwaga di le 9, o ne a tlhophelwa tlhabololo ya Sekolo sa Bogare sa Gauteng. O tsene Sekolo se Segolo sa Basimane sa Parktown, kwa a neng a bona mebala e e feletseng ya kirikete gone. O ne a le mokapotene wa 1st XI mo ngwageng wa gagwe wa bofelo. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Cole Abrahams - World Sports Xchange |url=https://wsxcricket.com/client/cole-abrahams/ |access-date=2026-10-03 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tsa tiro == Fa a sena go fetsa sekolo se segolo, Abrahams o ne a ya kwa [[United Kingdom]] go ya go tswelela ka tiro ya gagwe ya kirikete mme a fetsa dilemo di le pedi koo. Ka 2018, o ne a tshamekela Monton CC mme ka 2019 o ne a tshamekela Waterlooville CC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SOUTH AFRICAN TEEN'S LOSING TON ON VILLE DEBUT |url=http://www.vimpsatthecrease.com/1/post/2019/05/south-african-teens-losing-ton-on-ville-debut.html |access-date=2026-10-04 |website=Vimps at the Crease |language=en}}</ref> O ne a nosa metabogo e le 700 mo ditlheng tsoopedi. <ref name=":1" /> O tshamekela Rhinos Colt mme maiteko a gagwe a ne a dira gore a bone konteraka le setlhopha sa porofense sa Gauteng Lions Senior pele ga setlha sa 2023-24. ct4jqcx0cjej362159vc14pzgu9mocb 56274 56273 2026-10-05T12:01:39Z Mothotlung156 13251 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378504942|Cole Abrahams]]" 56274 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cole Abrahams''' ( yo o tshotsweng ka 19 Motsheganong 1999 ) ke motshameki wa kirikete wa Aforika Borwa yo o tshamekang jaaka mometse wa maemo a a kwa godimo le motshamiki wa letsogo la moja . Mo gae o tshamekela Knights le Delfos kwa Liking e e kwa godimo ya GCB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cricket World {{!}} Latest cricket news, live scores and video |url=https://www.cricdat.com/cricket/knights-vs-titans/match/live/99497 |access-date=2026-10-03 |website=Cricket World}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa bogologolo == Cole Abrahams o belegwe kwa [[Johannesburg]] kwa [[Gauteng]] [[Aforika Borwa|kwa Aforika Borwt]]. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-28 |title=Kendal Cricket Club sign new professional from South Africa |url=https://www.thewestmorlandgazette.co.uk/sport/24888268.kendal-cricket-club-announce-signing-south-african-talent/ |access-date=2026-10-03 |website=The Westmorland Gazette |language=en}}</ref> O tsene sekolo se se potlana sa Cliffview, kwa a neng a tshameka kirikete teng a le dingwaga di le 8 e le mometsei . Fa a le dingwaga di le 9, o ne a tlhophelwa tlhabololo ya Sekolo sa Bogare sa Gauteng. O tsene Sekolo se Segolo sa Basimane sa Parktown, kwa a neng a bona mebala e e feletseng ya kirikete gone. O ne a le mokapotene wa 1st XI mo ngwageng wa gagwe wa bofelo. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Cole Abrahams - World Sports Xchange |url=https://wsxcricket.com/client/cole-abrahams/ |access-date=2026-10-03 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tsa tiro == Fa a sena go fetsa sekolo se segolo, Abrahams o ne a ya kwa [[United Kingdom]] go ya go tswelela ka tiro ya gagwe ya kirikete mme a fetsa dilemo di le pedi koo. Ka 2018, o ne a tshamekela Monton CC mme ka 2019 o ne a tshamekela Waterlooville CC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SOUTH AFRICAN TEEN'S LOSING TON ON VILLE DEBUT |url=http://www.vimpsatthecrease.com/1/post/2019/05/south-african-teens-losing-ton-on-ville-debut.html |access-date=2026-10-04 |website=Vimps at the Crease |language=en}}</ref> O ne a nosa metabogo e le 700 mo ditlheng tsoopedi. <ref name=":1" /> O tshamekela Rhinos Colt mme maiteko a gagwe a ne a dira gore a bone konteraka le setlhopha sa porofense sa Gauteng Lions Senior pele ga setlha sa 2023-24. Ka 2025, Abrahams o ne a tsenela Kendal CC mo Liking ya Bokone ya ECB <ref name=":2" />, kwa a neng a ntsha dipoelo di le 730 mme a fenya liki le Kendal CC. Ka 2026, o ne a ntsha dino di le 711 mo difometeng tsotlhe tsa setlhopha. Ka Motsheganong 2025, o ne a saeniwa go Knights go tswa kwa Kendal CC. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Editorial |date=2025-04-30 |title=Cole Abrahams joins Ruan Haasbroek at Knights |url=https://www.clubcricket.co.za/latestnews/cole-abrahams-news/ |access-date=2026-10-03 |website=Club Cricket |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cole Abrahams - Player Profile, Stats & Career |url=https://sportspundit.com/cricket/cricketers/63355-cole-abrahams/ |access-date=2026-10-04 |website=sportspundit.com |language=en}}</ref> ijdgzmsj3ck3x20dgm7p71tofa92ted 56275 56274 2026-10-05T12:06:53Z Mothotlung156 13251 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378504942|Cole Abrahams]]" 56275 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cole Abrahams''' ( yo o tshotsweng ka 19 Motsheganong 1999 ) ke motshameki wa kirikete wa Aforika Borwa yo o tshamekang jaaka mometse wa maemo a a kwa godimo le motshamiki wa letsogo la moja . Mo gae o tshamekela Knights le Delfos kwa Liking e e kwa godimo ya GCB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cricket World {{!}} Latest cricket news, live scores and video |url=https://www.cricdat.com/cricket/knights-vs-titans/match/live/99497 |access-date=2026-10-03 |website=Cricket World}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa bogologolo == Cole Abrahams o belegwe kwa [[Johannesburg]] kwa [[Gauteng]] [[Aforika Borwa|kwa Aforika Borwt]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-28 |title=Kendal Cricket Club sign new professional from South Africa |url=https://www.thewestmorlandgazette.co.uk/sport/24888268.kendal-cricket-club-announce-signing-south-african-talent/ |access-date=2026-10-03 |website=The Westmorland Gazette |language=en}}</ref> O tsene sekolo se se potlana sa Cliffview, kwa a neng a tshameka kirikete teng a le dingwaga di le 8 e le mometsei . Fa a le dingwaga di le 9, o ne a tlhophelwa tlhabololo ya Sekolo sa Bogare sa Gauteng. O tsene Sekolo se Segolo sa Basimane sa Parktown, kwa a neng a bona mebala e e feletseng ya kirikete gone. O ne a le mokapotene wa 1st XI mo ngwageng wa gagwe wa bofelo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Cole Abrahams - World Sports Xchange |url=https://wsxcricket.com/client/cole-abrahams/ |access-date=2026-10-03 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tsa tiro == Fa a sena go fetsa sekolo se segolo, Abrahams o ne a ya kwa [[United Kingdom]] go ya go tswelela ka tiro ya gagwe ya kirikete mme a fetsa dilemo di le pedi koo. Ka 2018, o ne a tshamekela Monton CC mme ka 2019 o ne a tshamekela Waterlooville CC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SOUTH AFRICAN TEEN'S LOSING TON ON VILLE DEBUT |url=http://www.vimpsatthecrease.com/1/post/2019/05/south-african-teens-losing-ton-on-ville-debut.html |access-date=2026-10-04 |website=Vimps at the Crease |language=en}}</ref> O ne a nosa metabogo e le 700 mo ditlheng tsoopedi.<ref name=":1" /> O tshamekela Rhinos Colt mme maiteko a gagwe a ne a dira gore a bone konteraka le setlhopha sa porofense sa Gauteng Lions Senior pele ga setlha sa 2023-24. Ka 2025, Abrahams o ne a tsenela Kendal CC mo Liking ya Bokone ya ECB <ref name=":2" />, kwa a neng a ntsha dipoelo di le 730 mme a fenya liki le Kendal CC. Ka 2026, o ne a ntsha dino di le 711 mo difometeng tsotlhe tsa setlhopha. Ka Motsheganong 2025, o ne a saeniwa go Knights go tswa kwa Kendal CC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editorial |date=2025-04-30 |title=Cole Abrahams joins Ruan Haasbroek at Knights |url=https://www.clubcricket.co.za/latestnews/cole-abrahams-news/ |access-date=2026-10-03 |website=Club Cricket |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cole Abrahams - Player Profile, Stats & Career |url=https://sportspundit.com/cricket/cricketers/63355-cole-abrahams/ |access-date=2026-10-04 |website=sportspundit.com |language=en}}</ref> Abrahams ke mokatisi yo o amogetsweng semmuso wa Kirikete ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1" /> == Ditshupiso == 8xyomzrae0iqrzf4o13qxranjpqnn3v 56277 56275 2026-10-05T12:30:19Z Slippery slope302 10401 Slippery slope302 moved page [[Cole Aborahame]] to [[Cole Abrahams]] 56275 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cole Abrahams''' ( yo o tshotsweng ka 19 Motsheganong 1999 ) ke motshameki wa kirikete wa Aforika Borwa yo o tshamekang jaaka mometse wa maemo a a kwa godimo le motshamiki wa letsogo la moja . Mo gae o tshamekela Knights le Delfos kwa Liking e e kwa godimo ya GCB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cricket World {{!}} Latest cricket news, live scores and video |url=https://www.cricdat.com/cricket/knights-vs-titans/match/live/99497 |access-date=2026-10-03 |website=Cricket World}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa bogologolo == Cole Abrahams o belegwe kwa [[Johannesburg]] kwa [[Gauteng]] [[Aforika Borwa|kwa Aforika Borwt]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-28 |title=Kendal Cricket Club sign new professional from South Africa |url=https://www.thewestmorlandgazette.co.uk/sport/24888268.kendal-cricket-club-announce-signing-south-african-talent/ |access-date=2026-10-03 |website=The Westmorland Gazette |language=en}}</ref> O tsene sekolo se se potlana sa Cliffview, kwa a neng a tshameka kirikete teng a le dingwaga di le 8 e le mometsei . Fa a le dingwaga di le 9, o ne a tlhophelwa tlhabololo ya Sekolo sa Bogare sa Gauteng. O tsene Sekolo se Segolo sa Basimane sa Parktown, kwa a neng a bona mebala e e feletseng ya kirikete gone. O ne a le mokapotene wa 1st XI mo ngwageng wa gagwe wa bofelo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Cole Abrahams - World Sports Xchange |url=https://wsxcricket.com/client/cole-abrahams/ |access-date=2026-10-03 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tsa tiro == Fa a sena go fetsa sekolo se segolo, Abrahams o ne a ya kwa [[United Kingdom]] go ya go tswelela ka tiro ya gagwe ya kirikete mme a fetsa dilemo di le pedi koo. Ka 2018, o ne a tshamekela Monton CC mme ka 2019 o ne a tshamekela Waterlooville CC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SOUTH AFRICAN TEEN'S LOSING TON ON VILLE DEBUT |url=http://www.vimpsatthecrease.com/1/post/2019/05/south-african-teens-losing-ton-on-ville-debut.html |access-date=2026-10-04 |website=Vimps at the Crease |language=en}}</ref> O ne a nosa metabogo e le 700 mo ditlheng tsoopedi.<ref name=":1" /> O tshamekela Rhinos Colt mme maiteko a gagwe a ne a dira gore a bone konteraka le setlhopha sa porofense sa Gauteng Lions Senior pele ga setlha sa 2023-24. Ka 2025, Abrahams o ne a tsenela Kendal CC mo Liking ya Bokone ya ECB <ref name=":2" />, kwa a neng a ntsha dipoelo di le 730 mme a fenya liki le Kendal CC. Ka 2026, o ne a ntsha dino di le 711 mo difometeng tsotlhe tsa setlhopha. Ka Motsheganong 2025, o ne a saeniwa go Knights go tswa kwa Kendal CC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editorial |date=2025-04-30 |title=Cole Abrahams joins Ruan Haasbroek at Knights |url=https://www.clubcricket.co.za/latestnews/cole-abrahams-news/ |access-date=2026-10-03 |website=Club Cricket |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cole Abrahams - Player Profile, Stats & Career |url=https://sportspundit.com/cricket/cricketers/63355-cole-abrahams/ |access-date=2026-10-04 |website=sportspundit.com |language=en}}</ref> Abrahams ke mokatisi yo o amogetsweng semmuso wa Kirikete ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1" /> == Ditshupiso == 8xyomzrae0iqrzf4o13qxranjpqnn3v 0 15500 56278 2026-10-05T12:30:19Z Slippery slope302 10401 Slippery slope302 moved page [[Cole Aborahame]] to [[Cole Abrahams]] 56278 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Cole Abrahams]] 0e3ikfpk6vw3su9plh6cy5vui2cfkjm 0 15501 56280 2026-10-05T13:19:36Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Kopano Matlwa #BLT2026 56280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Kopano Matlwa|image=Kopano Matlwa Mabaso at Spotlight Health Aspen Ideas Festival 2015.JPG|caption=Matlwa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano|birth_date=Ngwaga wa 1985|birth_place=[[Aforika Borwa]]|education=University of Cape Town; University of Oxford|occupation=Mokwadi wa dibuka, ngaka}} '''Kopano Matlwa''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le botlhano) ke mokwadi le ngaka ya kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], o o itsegeng ka padi ya gagwe ya ''Spilt Milk'', e e itebagantseng le kokomane ya Aforika Borwa e e itsegeng ka leina la "Born Free",<ref name=":1">[https://www.npr.org/2012/09/05/160550559/in-south-africa-no-crying-over-spilt-milk "In South Africa, No Crying Over 'Spilt Milk'?".] ''Tell Me More''. NPR. 4 September 2012. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> le padi ya gagwe ya ntlha ya ''Coconut'', e e itebagantseng le dikgang tsa merafe, maemo mo setshabeng le bokolone mo [[Johannesburg]] wa gompieno.<ref>[https://maaretta.wordpress.com/2012/11/25/i-dislike-those-of-my-kind-kopano-matlwas-novel-coconut-deals-with-colonized-consciousness-among-other-social-themes/ "I Dislike Those Of My Kind: Kopano Matlwa's Novel 'Coconut' Deals With Colonized Consciousness Among Other Social Themes".] ''Ruby Soup with Pearl Juice''. 25 November 2012. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> Padi ya ''Coconut'' e ne ya fiwa seetsele sa European Union Literary ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa, e fentse gape seetsele sa Wole Soyinka for Literature in Africa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome. Padi ya Split Milk e ne e le tlhophilwe go phadisanela seetsele sa Sunday Times Fiction ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso.<ref>[https://www.librarything.com/work/10166592 "Spilt Milk by Kopano Matlwa".] ''LibraryThing''. 2011. Retrieved 05 September 2026.</ref> Ka jaana ke mookamedi wa letsholo la Zero Stunting le e leng lenaneo la Aforika Borwa le le ikaelelang go fokotsa dipalo tsa bana ba ba sa goleng sentle kwa Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi.<ref>[http://www.kopanomabaso.com/about-me/ "About – Kopano Matlwa".] Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Kopano Matlwa Mabaso (o a neng a fana ka Matlwa pele ga lonyalo) o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le botlhano kwa motsaneng kwa ntle ga [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]], Aforika Borwa. O simoloste go kwala ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, fa HIV e ne e tlhasetse kwa Aforika Borwa, morago o ne a re: "go kwala e ne e le go itapolosa game, ke leka go tlhaloganya dilo se ke di bonang."<ref name=":2">Gates, Bill (25 February 2020). [https://www.gatesnotes.com/Health/Heroes-in-the-Field-Dr-Kopano-Matlwa-Mabaso "This doctor/novelist is tackling malnutrition"]. ''gatesnotes.com''.</ref> == Thuto == Mabaso o amogetse degree ya tsa kalafi go tswa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Cape Town, a fetsa di masters tsa botsogo jwa setshaba le Doctorate (PhD) mo go tsa botsogo jwa dipalopalo go tswa kwa sekolong sa ithutelo ditiro sa Oxford University, kwa a neng a abelwa dithuso tsa madi tsa sekolo tsa Rhodes.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220303234634/https://newvoicesfellows.aspeninstitute.org/fellow/kopano-matlwa-mabaso/ "Kopano Matlwa Mabaso".] ''New Voices Fellowship''. 3 January 2020. Archived from [https://newvoicesfellows.aspeninstitute.org/fellow/kopano-matlwa-mabaso/ the original] on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> == Tsa pereko == Matlwa o ne a le dingwaga di robabongwe kgotsa di le lesome ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bone fa [[Nelson Mandela]] a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa, o ne a bolelela NPR gore o gakologelwa nako eo e ne e itumedisa thata. "Re ne re le tšhaba ya mebalabala, kgotsa bana ba Aforika ba gouta". Fa ntse a gola, le fa go ntse jalo, Matlwa are tsholofelo le go ntshafala go ne ga retela ka ntlha ya puso e e senyetsang setshaba.<ref name=":1" /> Ke morutintshi wa kwa Rhodes gape e le ngaka, o o kwadileng padi ya gagwe ya ntlha ya leina la Coconut, fa a fetsa dithuto ta gagwe tsa degree ya tsa kalafi. Matlwa o inotswe e le lentswe la kokomane e ntsha ya bakwadi ba Aforika Borwa, a itebagantse le dikgang tsa ditso, lehuma le bong.<ref>Malecówna, Jennifer (6 July 2015). [https://www.sundaytimes.timeslive.co.za/books/ "Practical Action to Decolonise the 'White Literary System': The African Flavour Books Case Study".] ''Books Live''. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> Coconut e supilwe ka go tlhatlhanya ka sesupo sa basadi, ga mmogo le polotiki ya moriri wa bomme ba bantsho.<ref>Murray, Jessica (1 May 2012). ""Pain is Beauty": The Politics of Appearance in Kopano Matlwa's ''Coconut''". ''English in Africa''. '''39''' (1): 91–107. [[Doi:|doi:]][http://www.ajol.info/index.php/eia/article/view/79872 10.4314/eia.v39i1.5.]</ref> Fa santse a le kwa sekolong sa bongaka kwa University of Cape Town, Matlwa o ne a simolola Waiting Room Education by Medical Students (WREM) a na le ba bangwe. Tsamaiso e, e ruta balwetsi le ba malwapa a bone ka malwetsi a a tlwaelesegileng fa ba le kwa dikamoreng tsa tetelo kwa dikokelwaneng tse e seng tsa sennela ruri.<ref name=":4">"[http://www.kopanomabaso.com/about-me/ About – Kopano Matlwa"]. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> Ditlotla tsa gagwe tse e seng tsa thuto di akaretsa: moeteledipele wa tsa kalafi o mmotlana, e le tlotla e a e filweng ke Inter Academics Medial Panel ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone, ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano o filwe gape tlotla ya go nna moithuti wa kwa Tutu le Aspen Institute ba New Voices in Global Health. Ona-Mtoto-Wako,<ref>[https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/takeaway/segments/bringing-health-care-expecting-moms-drc1 "Bringing Healthcare to Expecting Moms in the Congo | The Takeaway".] ''WNYC Studios''. 7 September 2016. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> lenaneo la go tsisa tlhokomelo ya baimana kwa go bomme ba ba itsholofetseng ba ba nnang kwa mafelong a a kgakala le ditlamelo kwa dikgaolong tse di sa tlhabologang mo lefatsheng le le santseng le tlhabologa, e le lenaneo le a le tlhamileng le tsala ya gagwe Chrystelle Wedi, o ne a fenya seetsele sa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano sa Aspen Idea.<ref>[http://www.kopanomabaso.com/about-me/ "About – Kopano Matlwa".] Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> Matlwa ke mookamedi wa Grow Great, letsholo le le ikaelelang go thusa Aforika Borwa go fitlhelela kokomane e e senang bana ba ba sa goleng sentle ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mararo. Go tlhoka go gola sentle ke bolwetsi jo ngwana a sa goleng ka fa tlwaelong ka mmele le tlhaloganyo e le ka ntlha ya go tlhoka go ja dijo tse di nang le dikotla, malwetsi a a ipoeletsang, le go tlhoka go itemogela kgolo ya tlhaloganyo.<ref>[https://www.who.int/news/item/19-11-2015-stunting-in-a-nutshell "Stunting In A Nutshell".] ''World Health Organization''. 19 November 2015.</ref> Matlwa ke mongwe wa batlhami ba Transitions Foundation, lekgotla le le ikaelelang go thusa banana ba Aforika Borwa go tswa mo go tlhokeng go nna le tsholofelo go ya kwa go nneng ka tsholofelo ka thuto.<ref name=":4" /> == Dibuka == === ''Coconut'' === Coconut ke padi e e remeletseng kwa Aforika Borwa morago ga puso ya tlhaolele, e ikaegile ka "coconut",<ref>[https://aalbc.com/books/coconut-9781770093362 "Coconut by Kopano Matlwa"]. ''aalbc.com: African American Literature Book Club''. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> mo go rayang motho o montsho mme a bua jaaka motho o mosweu.<ref name=":5">Spencer, Lynda (May 2009). "Young, black and female in post-apartheid South Africa". ''Scrutiny2''. '''14''' (1): 66–78. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/18125440903151678 10.1080/18125440903151678]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1812-5441 1812-5441.]</ref> E itebagantse le tshaba e e neng e tshwanetse go gololesega mme jaanong ka kgololesego e tla le bothata, ba tla ka bothata bo bosha kgotsa ba a bo dira.<ref>Goodman, Ralph (May 2012). "Kopano Matlwa'sCoconut: Identity Issues in Our Faces". ''Current Writing''. '''24''' (1): 109–119. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1013929X.2012.645365 10.1080/1013929x.2012.645365]. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1013-929X 1013-929X].</ref> Padi e kgaogantswe ka dikanelo tse pedi: Fifi, o e leng leloko la batho bantsho ba maemo a a fa gare, le Fiks, ngwana o e leng khutsana o montsho o o sotlegang. Baanelwa ba ka bobedi ba sokola go itse sekao sa bone mo setshabeng se sesha sa ditso tse di farologaneng; ba itemogela pharologanyo gareng ga ma Aforika le batho basweu.<ref name=":5" /> === ''Spilt Milk'' === Spilt Milk e itebagantse le kokomane ya Aforika Borwa e e bidiwang "Born Free", kgotsa ba ba nnileng bagolo ka nako ya Aforika Borwa morago ga puso ya tlhaolele.<ref>[https://aalbc.com/books/spilt-milk-9781770097919 "Spilt Milk by Kopano Matlwa".] ''aalbc.com: African American Literature Book Club''. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> Moanelwamogolo wa padi e ke Mohumagadi, mogokgo o montsho wa sekolo sa gagwe se se neng se atlegile. Padi e sekaseka botsalano jwa ga Mohumagadi le baithuti ba gagwe le botsalano jwa ga Mohumagadi le moruti o mosweu o o tshwaraganeng le bothata. Fa a kwala padi e, Matlwa o ne a utlwisitswe botlhoko ke polotiki ya sesha ya Aforika Borwa morago ga puso ya tlhaolele le ka maikutlo a gagwe; e ne e se sepe se se neng se solofeditswe. Baanelwa mo pading e le kamano ya bone ke ditshupo tsa maikutlo a bone a go kgobega marapo mo dikokomane tsa Born Free tsa Aforika Borwa di go itemogetseng. Ba ne ba itemogela tsietso le bopelotshetlha le tshenyetso setshaba di tsena mo setshabeng sa bone.<ref name=":1" /> === ''Period Pain'' === Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro, Matlwa o ne a gatisa padi ya gagwe ya bobedi ya ''Period Pain''.<ref>[https://aalbc.com/books/period-pain-9781431424375 "Period Pain by Kopano Matlwa"]. ''aalbc.com: African American Literature Book Club''. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> Padi e, e bua ka fa batho ba Aforika Borwa ba tlhaolang batho ba mafatshe a sele ka teng le ka fa kilo ya batho ba mafatshe a sele e leng teng mo metheong le mo magaeng.<ref>Mashile, KayDee (27 August 2019). "[https://www.thejournalist.org.za/books/book-review-period-pain/ Book review: Period Pain – The Journalist"]. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> E setse morago polelo ya ga Masechaba fa a gola kwa Aforika Borwa, e itebagantse le ka fa batho ba Aforika Borwa ba bonwang ba le mo bokgobeng ebile ba senyegile ka teng kemafatshe a mangwe. Ka dikgwtlho tsa gagwe le ditiragalo tse di tshwailweng tsa botshelo jwa gagwe, re bona dikgwetlho tsa botsogo jwa tlhaloganyo bo bo sa ameng balwetsi fela mme gape bo ama babereki ba ba berekang le balwetsi. Padi ya ga Matlwa ya Period Pain e ne e le mo lenaaneng la go phadisanela seetsele sa ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa sa Sunday Times sa Barry Ronge Fiction Prize,<ref>[https://www.mediaupdate.co.za/media/134447/sunday-times-literary-awards-announces-its-2017-shortlist "Sunday Times Literary Awards announces its 2017 shortlist".] ''Media Update''. 15 May 2017. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref><ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/40/161864.html "Sunday Times Literary Awards announces shortlist".] ''Bizcommunity''. 16 May 2017. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> seetsele sa South African Literacy<ref>Mulgrew, Nick. "2[https://pensouthafrica.co.za/2017-south-african-literary-awards-shortlist-is-announced/ 017 South African Literary Awards Shortlist is Announced | PEN South Africa"]. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> le seetsele sa Aforika Borwa sa Humanties and Social Sciences.<ref>Dlamini, Vuyo (3 March 2023). [https://theartistsbook.org.za/oid/downloads/1/234_2_02_55_11_PM_NIHSS_2018_Winnersfin.pdf "The Winners of the Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) Awards: Book, Creative Collection and Digital Contribution 2018 reflect the relevance and vibrancy of South Africa's HSS community"] (PDF).</ref> == Dikwalo == * Coconut (Jacana, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa), ISBN 9781431403899 * Spilt Milk (Jacana, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome), ISBN 9781431404018 * Period Pain (Jacana, ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa), ISBN 978-1431424375. As Evening Primrose (London): Sceptre, ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa), ISBN 978-1473662261 == Dietsele == * Ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa seetsele sa European Literary (ka padi ya gagwe ya Coconut) * Ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome seetsele sa Wole Soyinka sa Literature in Africa (a se tlhakanetse, ka padi ya gagwe ya Coconut) * Ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bone seetsele sa moeteledipele wa kalafi o mmotlana (a tlhophilwe ke Interacademies Media Panel) * Ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano seetsele sa Aspen Idea * Ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano moithuti wa tiro wa Tutu<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220303234634/https://alinstitute.org/2015-fellows/163-kopano-matlwa-mabaso "Kopano Matlwa Mabaso"]. ''AFLI Institute''. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref> * Ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano moithuti wa tiro wa Aspen New Voices<ref name=":3" /> == Metswedi == m2pijoq8q2ha7lbwdb0szr74x25mbzg 0 15502 56283 2026-10-05T14:46:34Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Lucile Buchanan #BLT2026 56283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Lucile Buchanan|image=Lucile berkeley buchanan.jpg|birth_date=Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabobedi le bone|birth_place=Denver, Colorado|death_date=Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa 1989 (a le dingwaga di le lekgolo le botlhano)|death_place=Denver, Colorado|known for=Motho montsho wa mme wa ntlha go aloga kwa CU Boulder|education=B.A, University of Colorado Boulder}} '''Lucile Berkeley Buchanan Jones''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabobedi le bone - a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe) e ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa mmala o montsho go aloga kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiros sa University of Colorado Boulder.<ref name=":1">[https://www.denverpost.com/2007/04/03/in-search-of-lucile/ "In search of Lucile".] ''The Denver Post''. 2007-04-03. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref><ref name=":2">[https://www.blackpast.org/aaw/jones-lucy-lucile-berkeley-buchanan-1884-1989 "Jones, Lucy (Lucile) Berkeley Buchanan (1884-1989) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed"]. ''www.blackpast.org''. 5 October 2007. Retrieved 05 September 2026</ref><ref>[https://www.dailycamera.com/features/ci_25038231/lucile-berkeley-buchanan-first-black-woman-graduate-university-colorado-boulder "Mystery behind CU's first black woman graduate is unraveling".] Retrieved 05 October 2026</ref> O alogile ka degree ya teme ya German ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le borobabobedi. Madi a dithuso tsa go tsena sekolo a Lucile Berkeley Buchanan a tlhametswe go mo fa tlotla ka Moranang ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome.<ref>[https://www.colorado.edu/wgst/lucile-berkeley-buchanan-scholarship "The Lucile Berkeley Buchanan Scholarship".] ''Women & Gender Studies''. 2015-11-11. Retrieved 05 October 2026</ref> Buchanan Jones o gakologelwa ka go nna pelokgale, go ikemela, go nna boitshoko le go ititaya sehuba.<ref name=":3">McLean, Polly E. Burgros (2018). ''Remembering Lucile: A Virginia Family's Rise from Slavery and a Legacy Forged a Mile High''. University Press of Colorado. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-60732-824-7|<bdi>978-1-60732-824-7</bdi>.]]</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Lucy Berkeley Buchanan o tshotswe ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabobedi le bone, e le ngwana wa ga Sarah Lavina Bishop Buchanan le James Fenton Buchanan.<ref name=":2" /> Batsadiba gagwe ka bobedi a tsholetswe mo bokgobeng kwa ditshimong tsa Virginia.<ref name=":4">[https://www.historycolorado.org/node/55461 "Shoes belonging to Lucile Berkeley Buchanan Jones (1884-1989) | History Colorado".] ''www.historycolorado.org''. Retrieved 05 October 2026</ref> Buchanan Jones o supa - jaaka bosupi jo bongwe - gore Edmund Berkeley, mong wa makgoba o mosweu wa tshimo ya ga Sarah Bishop, e ne e le rraagwe Sarah Bishop le rraagwemogolo Buchanan Jones. "Lucy" e ne e le leina le mongwe wa barwadie Edmund ba basweu. "Berkeley", leian la ga Lucy la bobedi, le ne le sala morago ngwao ya Virginia ya go reelela ngwana ka mongwe wa batsadi kgotsa bagolwagolwane. Buchanan Jones morago o ne a fetola leina la gagwe e se ka semmuso go tswa mo go Lucy go nna Lucile.<ref name=":3" /> Ka Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a supa le bobedi, batsadi ba ga Buchanan Jones ba ne ba nyalana kwa Virginia. Fa a santse a nna kwa Virginia Sarah Bishop Buchanan o ne a belega ngwana wa mosetsana o a neng a tlhokafala morago ga pelegi, a belega Hattie, Hannah, Laura le morwae o o nosi ebong Fenton Mercer.<ref name=":3" /> Boora Buchana ba ne ba fudugela kwa Denver, Colorado ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabobedi le bobedi. Ke lolwapa lwa ntlha lwa batho bantsho go nna le dikago kwa Barnum. Le fa go ntse jalo, ba ne ba seka ba fudugela kwa Barnum go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabobedi le borataro go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya metsi, ditsela, dipalamo, ditirelo tsa poso, dikereke, dingaka, le mabentlele. Boora Buchanan ba ne ba aga ntlo ya dikamore tsa borobalo di le tlhano ya mothale wa Queen Anne mo lefatsheng le le neng le ntse le le teng ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi.<ref name=":3" /> Lucy Berkeley Buchanan e ne e le leitibolo loora Buchanan a tsholetswe kwa Colorado. Bana ba bangwe ba le bane ba ne ba tsholelwa kwa Colorado: Sadie, Edith, Nellie le Claribel.<ref name=":3" /> == Thuto le pereko == Buchanan Jones o alogile kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Villa Park High School ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le motso. Morago ga kalogo o ne a bereka ka nakwana e le morutabana wa peeletso kwa sekolong seo, a tloga a berekela kompone ya kgatiso ya dibuka e le motlhokomedi wa dibuka.<ref name=":3" /> Buchanan o ne a ikwadisa mo lenaneong la dingwaga di le pedi la borutabana kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of Northern Colorado ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le boraro (kwa e neng e le Colorado State College for Education kwa Greeley).<ref name=":2" /> E ne e le ene fela moithuti wa mmala o montsho mo setlhopheng sa gagwe se se alogileng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le botlhano, gape e le moithuti wa ntlha wa mmala o montsho go nna le degree ya borutabana koo.<ref name=":3" /> Morago ga go aloga kwa UNC Buchanan Jones o ne a retelelwa ke go bona tiro ya borutabana kwa Colorado.<ref name=":3" /> O ne a dira kopo ya borutabanan kwa Denver ka ngwaga wa sekete makgoo a robabongwe le borobabobedi mme a nna a retelelwa.<ref name=":3" /> O ne a bona tiro ya borutabana kwa Arkansas Baptist College kwa Little Rock.<ref>McLean, Polly E. Bugros (2018). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv8pzdw3 ''Remembering Lucile: A Virginia Family’s Rise from Slavery and a Legacy Forged a Mile High''.] University Press of Colorado. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-60732-824-7|<bdi>978-1-60732-824-7</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":2" /> A ya go ruta kwa Langston High School, se e neng e le sone fela sekolo se segolwane sa batho bantsho kwa Hot Springs, Arkansas, ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le bobedi go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le botlhano.<ref name=":3" /> Ngwaga o o latelang, Buchanan o ne a ikwadisa kwa University of Chicago go ithuta Greek, German le English kwa a neng a ithuta sebaka sa ngwaga pele ga a dira degree tsa German kwa University of Colorado Boulder.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Buchanan o ne a itse teme ya German gape a kgona go bala Latin.<ref name=":3" /> Buchanan Jones e ne e le sealogane sa ntlha sa motho montsho wa mme kwa University of Colorado Boulder ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le borobabobedi.<ref name=":5">[https://www.colorado.edu/asmagazine/2018/03/14/century-later-cu-officially-remembers-lucile "A century later, CU officially remembers Lucile".] ''Colorado Arts and Sciences Magazine''. 2018-03-14. Retrieved 05 October 2026</ref> Le ntswa dikamore tsa borutelo kwa sekolong seo di ne di kopanya baithuti,<ref name=":3" /> baokamedi ba sekolo ba ne ba sa batle a ya seraleng go amogela diploma ya gagwe kwa moletlong wa kalogo ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le borobabobedi. Mosadi o ne a romelwa kwa go ene fa a emetse leina la gagwe go bidiwa a mmolelela gore "ke tla nna mopati wa gago, Lucy", a bo a neela Buchanan Jone diploma ya gagwe pele ga a nyelela. Buchanan Jones o ne a seka a pagama serala kwa moletlong wa gagwe wa kalogo.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> O ne a ikana gore ga a kitla a boela sekolong sa University of Colorado, ka nnete a seka a tlhola a boela teng.<ref name=":3" /> Senepe sa gagwe se ne sa seka sa supiwa mo lokwalong lwa ngwaga le ngwaga lwa baithuti ba sekolo seo ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le borobabobedi, mme le fa go nste jalo, setshwantsho sa gagwe se ne sa supiwa mo The Crisis ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le borobabobedi, makasine wa NAACP wa semmuso.<ref name=":2" /> Sekolo se ne sa mo fa tlotla a sena go tlhokafala ka Motsheganong a le lesome ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi, fa Polly E. Bugros McLean a amogela diploma mo boemong jwa ga Buchanan.<ref>[https://www.dailycamera.com/2018/03/19/a-century-later-cu-boulder-honors-first-black-woman-to-graduate/ "A century later, CU Boulder honors first black woman to graduate".] Retrieved 05 October 2026</ref><ref name=":5" /> McLean, morutintshi o othusang wa tsa bobegadikgang kwa sekolong seo, o ne a kwala buka ka ga Buchanan ya setlhogo sa ''Remembering Lucile: A virginia Family's Rise from Slavery and a Legacy Forged a Mile High'', e gatisitswe ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://upcolorado.com/university-press-of-colorado/item/3374-remembering-lucile "University Press of Colorado - Remembering Lucile".] Retrieved 05 October 2026</ref><ref name=":3" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le borobabongwe, Buchanan Jones o ne a nna morutabana wa Seesemane kwa sekolong sa batho bantsho fela sa Lincoln High kwa Kansas City. Fa a le koo o ne a akola go ya metshamekong ya baseball e le mongwe wa bagakolodi ba lekanala le le botlana la NAACP. O tlhametse baithuti ba gagwe setlhopha sa World News Clubgo buisana ka ditiragalo tsa mafatshefatshe. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le botlhano o ne a tlhama pampiri ya ntlha ya dikgang ya sekolo seo ya the Observer. Moithuti wa gagwe o a neng a berekela pampiri e, ebong Lucile Bluford, o ne a nna mongwe wa babega dikgang ba tlhwatlhwa ba ba tlotliwang ebile ba lemogiwa thata kwa Missouri, a nna le seabe gape mo lekgotleng la ditshwanelo tsa setho.<ref name=":3" /> Buchanan Jones o ne a boela Chicago ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le botlhano a bona maemo a borutabana kwa sekolong sa Stephen A. Douglas. O feditse dingwaga tse di latelang di le masome mabedi le bone a ruta kwa tsamaisong ya dikolo tsa puso kwa Chicago. Ka nako eo o ne a tlhabolola go ruta ga gagwe ka go ithuta kwa University of Chicago le University of Denver. O ithotse tiro ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le borobabongwe a le dingwaga di le masome a marataro le botlhano, e le seelo sa go ithola tiro sa barutabana.<ref name=":3" /> == Lonyalo le botshelo jwa gagwe == Lucile Buchanan o ne a nyalana le John Dotha Jones ka Phalane ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi leborataro. Jones, o a neng a setse a na le degree go tswa kwa Columbia University gape a ikwadisitse mo lenaneong la dialogane kwa University of Chicago, o ne a bona tiro kwa posong ya US. Lonyalo lwa bone lo ne lwa phutlhama, Jones a tsamaya a sa itsise ope ka Morule a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome mararo le botlhano. Buchanan Jones o ne a kopa tlhalo e a neng a e fiwa ka Moranang ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane ka ntlha ya boaka, bosetlhogo jo botona gape bo boelediwa, go itlhophela go tlogelwa, le go nwa nnotagi phetelela. Le fa go ntse jalo, Buchanan Jones o ne a tswelela ka go dirisa leina la gagwe la lonyalo la Mrs. Jones dingwaga di le masome a mane le borataro morago ga tlhalo.<ref name=":3" /> Ditlhako tse a neng a di rwele ka lonyalo lwa gagwe, di dirilwe ke kompone ya Louvre Boot kwa Kansas City, Missouri, di kwa motlobong wa ditso kwa Boulder.<ref name=":4" /><ref>[https://upcolorado.com/about-us/news-features/item/3752-lucile-s-shoes-win-2019-most-significant-artifact-from-history-colorado "University Press of Colorado - Lucile's shoes win 2019 Most Significant Artifact from History Colorado!".] ''upcolorado.com''. Retrieved 05 October 2026</ref> A tlholega mo lolwapeng lwa kereke ya Baptist, Buchanan Jones o ne a nna mokwaledi wa ntlha wa National Convention of Gospel Choirs and Choruses.<ref name=":3" /> Buchanan Jones e ne e le mo Republican botshelo jwa gagwe jotlhe, jaaka batsadi ba gagwe le bontsi jwa batho bantsho ba Amerika ka nako eo. O ne a diragatsa tlhopho ya gagwe ya ntlha a tlhopha tautona ka Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi, o ne a tlhophile mo ditlhophong tsa botautona di le lesome le bone. O ne a dumela thata gore go tlhopha le kgololesego ke seopo sengwe.<ref name=":3" /> == Botshelo jwa morago le loso == Morago ga go itlhola mrapo ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le borobabongwe Buchanan Jones o ne a boela go nna kwa lolwapeng lwa gaabo kwa Denver le kgaitsadie ebong Fenton. Morago ga Fenton a sena go tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le boraro moagisanyi gape e le tsala ya ga Fenton, ebong Herman Dick, o ne a nna mokgweetsi le mothusi wa gagwe. Morago pono le botsogo jwa ga Buchanan di ne tsa simolola go wela tlase. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borataro o ne a tsenngwa mo tlhokomelong ya lephata la matshelo a batho la Colorado, ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga o o, o ne a tsewa a ntshiwa mo lolwapeng lwa gagwe a isiwa kwa Stovall Care Center. Ga a ka a boela kwa lwapeng morago ga tiragalo e. O tlhokafetse ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe a le dingwaga di le lekgolo le botlhano. Pele o ne a bolokelwa mo lebitleng le le sa tshwaiwang. Fred Walsen, moitseanape wa ditso, o ne a bala ka phitlho ya ga Bucnahan Jones mo pampiring ya Rocky Mountain News a rulaganya go kwala leina la gagwe mo letlapeng la lebitla la gagwe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi.<ref name=":3" /> == Metswedi == 3jtgwham5y862w7z2dt5u7v635zw2k4 0 15503 56284 2026-10-05T14:48:12Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created page with "[[Setshwantsho:Olunike adeliyi.jpg|thumb]] '''Oluniké Adeliyi''' (o belegwe ka 5 Ferikgong 1977<ref></ref>) ke motshameki wa mo [[Canada]]. O ne a tlhagelela mo filiming ya 2010 e e tshosang ya Saw 3D mme a tshameka jaaka Leah Kerns mo thelebišeneng ya [[Flashpoint]]. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Adeliyi o belegetswe kwa Brampton, Ontario, a tswa kwa Jamaica-Nigeria. 2][3] O ne a etela Brooklyn, New York gantsi go ya go dira tiro ya go tshameka. O ne a aloga kwa..." 56284 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Olunike adeliyi.jpg|thumb]] '''Oluniké Adeliyi''' (o belegwe ka 5 Ferikgong 1977<ref></ref>) ke motshameki wa mo [[Canada]]. O ne a tlhagelela mo filiming ya 2010 e e tshosang ya Saw 3D mme a tshameka jaaka Leah Kerns mo thelebišeneng ya [[Flashpoint]]. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Adeliyi o belegetswe kwa Brampton, Ontario, a tswa kwa Jamaica-Nigeria. 2][3] O ne a etela Brooklyn, New York gantsi go ya go dira tiro ya go tshameka. O ne a aloga kwa American Academy of Dramatic Arts, a tshameka kwa theater ya selegae, pele a boela kwa Toronto ka 2008. 4] == Tiro == Adeliyi o simolotse go tshameka fa a ne a tshameka jaaka Artful Dodger mo motshamekong wa sekolo sa gagwe sa bogareng wa Oliver Twist. Morago ga go aloga kwa sekolong se segolwane, o ne a ya kwa American Academy of Dramatic Arts kwa New York City, mme go tloga ka nako eo o ne a tshameka kwa mafelong a bobogelo go ralala Canada le U.S. a tshameka dikarolo tse di kwa pele mo go Blue Window, A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Children's Hour, Jitney, le mo terameng ya ga Michael Cristofer ya The Shadow Box.[ 4] Nngwe ya dipapadi tsa gagwe tsa pele e ne e le karolo e nnye mo filiming ya John Q.; mo seting, o ne a kopana le Denzel Washington, yo a neng a re o mo "tlhotlheleditse" go tswelela go tshameka. Ka 2009 o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo mo go AfriCan Theatre Ensemble mo go The Marriage of Anansewa ya ga Efua Sutherland. Gape ka ngwaga oo, o ne a tshameka mo thelebišeneng ya Canada ya Flashpoint. 5] O ne a tlhophiwa mo kgaisanong ya Best Performance by a Female ⁇ Film kwa Canadian Comedy Awards ka 2012 ka ntlha ya go tshameka mo French Immersion.[ 4] Ka 2014, Adeliyi o ne a bidiwa "Shakespeare's First Jamaican-Nigerian Lady Macbeth" fa a ne a tshameka karolo eo kwa Sterling Theatre kwa Toronto. 2] Ka 2017, Adeliyi dinaledi ka CBC letoto la Workin 'Moms. [ 8] Ka ngwaga wa 2018, o ne a bona go tlhophiwa mo Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress kwa 6th Canadian Screen Awards. O ne a tlhophiwa ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe mo filiming ya Boost. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == ===== Dikganetsano ===== Ka 2017, Adeliyi o ne a ngoka kgatlhego ya metswedi ya dikgang kwa Canada morago ga tiragalo e e diragetseng kwa Kingsway Theatre kwa Toronto. Lefelo leno ga le letle batho ba ba nang le mekotlana ya dibuka go tsena mo bobogelong jwa lone, mme Adeliyi o ne a ka se tlogele mokotlana wa gagwe wa dibuka o babalesegile mo badiring ba bobogelo. Badiri ba theatre ba ne ba gana go mo rekisetsa thekete, mme fa a ne a gana go tsamaya, mapodisi a ne a bidiwa.[ 9] Adeliyi o ne a re o ne a kgethololwa ke badiri ba theatre, ba ba neng ba mo tsaya ditshwantsho,[10] fa badiri ba theatre bone ba ne ba re ba ne ba latela melao.[ Fa mapodisi a sena go bidiwa, Adeliyi o ne a ntshiwa mo bobogelong. 13] Adeliyi o tlhalositse maitemogelo a gagwe a go nna "dehumanizing", mme mo potsolotsong le Toronto Star, o ne a bua go ya pele ka maitemogelo a gagwe, a re: Ke kgopisiwa ke go bidiwa motho yo o kotsi mme ke sone se se diragetseng . . . Fa dilo di direga ka tsela eo, di ka nna tsa felela ka tsela epe fela, mme batho ba ka utlwisiwa botlhoko . . . go dira gore motho yo o latofadiwang ka sengwe a se ka a ikanyega, mme seo ga se a siama.[ 14] Rui Pereira yo e leng mong wa lefelo la bobogelo o ne a tlhalosa Adeliyi e le "motho yo o sotlang", a re "o ne a itaya kgetsana ya gagwe mo khaontareng mme a batla tekete", mme a gana go tsamaya fa a ne a laelwa ke badiri. 14] == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] t40i2fp3ml5surczm1wp5fmobrpeqw2 56289 56284 2026-10-05T15:53:32Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56289 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Olunike adeliyi.jpg|thumb]] '''Oluniké Adeliyi''' (o belegwe ka 5 Ferikgong 1977<ref>[https://www.northernstars.ca/olunike-adeliyi/ Oluniké Adeliyi's bio][dead link] at www.northernstars.ca</ref>) ke motshameki wa mo [[Canada]]. O ne a tlhagelela mo filiming ya 2010 e e tshosang ya Saw 3D mme a tshameka jaaka Leah Kerns mo thelebišeneng ya [[Flashpoint]]. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Adeliyi o belegetswe kwa [[Brampton]], [[Ontario]], a tswa kwa Jamaica-Nigeria.<ref> [https://web.archive.org/web/20170315085557/https://thecaribbeancurrent.com/ctvs-flashpoint-actress-olunike-adeliyi-is-shakespeares-first-jamaican-nigerian-lady-macbeth/ "Olunike Adeliyi is Shakepeare's first black Lady Macbeth"]. thecaribbeancurrent.com. Archived from the original on 2017-03-15. Retrieved 2017-03-14.</ref> <ref>Monique Savin, "Keeping in fighting trim", [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail The Globe and Mail], 6 June 2011, L3.</ref>O ne a etela [[Brooklyn]], [[New York]] gantsi go ya go dira tiro ya go tshameka. O ne a aloga kwa [[American Academy of Dramatic Arts]], a tshameka kwa theater ya selegae, pele a boela kwa Toronto ka 2008. <ref>[https://www.ebosscanada.com/video-10-questions-with-wendy-olunike-adeliyi-actress-producer-philanthropist/ "Video | 10 Questions with Wendy Olunike Adeliyi (Actress, Producer, Philanthropist)"]</ref> == Tiro == Adeliyi o simolotse go tshameka fa a ne a tshameka jaaka [[Artful Dodger]] mo motshamekong wa sekolo sa gagwe sa bogareng wa Oliver Twist. Morago ga go aloga kwa sekolong se segolwane, o ne a ya kwa ''American Academy of Dramatic Arts'' kwa New York City, mme go tloga ka nako eo o ne a tshameka kwa mafelong a bobogelo go ralala Canada le U.S. a tshameka dikarolo tse di kwa pele mo go Blue Window, [[A Midsummer Night's Dream]], [[The Children's Hour]], Jitney, le mo terameng ya ga Michael Cristofer ya [[The Shadow Box]][https://www.ebosscanada.com/video-10-questions-with-wendy-olunike-adeliyi-actress-producer-philanthropist/ ^{[ 4<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] Nngwe ya dipapadi tsa gagwe tsa pele e ne e le karolo e nnye mo filiming ya John Q.; mo seting, o ne a kopana le [[Denzel Washington]], yo a neng a re o mo "tlhotlheleditse" go tswelela go tshameka. Ka 2009 o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo mo go AfriCan Theatre Ensemble mo go The Marriage of Anansewa ya ga [[Efua Sutherland]]. <ref>[http://www.africantheatre.org/ AfriCan Theatre Ensemble]</ref> <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140218214429/http://www.harbourfrontcentre.com/whatson/week.cfm?id=1100 Harbourfront Centre]". Archived from the original on 2014-02-18. Retrieved 2012-10-04.</ref>Gape ka ngwaga oo, o ne a tshameka mo thelebišeneng ya Canada ya Flashpoint.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170315091540/http://sharenews.com/archives/20091125new-flashpoint-star-fits-role-perfectly/ "New Flashpoint star fits role perfectly"]. sharenews.com. Share News. Archived from the original on 2017-03-15. Retrieved 2017-03-14.</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa mo kgaisanong ya mosadi yo o gaisitseng kwa [[Canadian Comedy Awards]] ka 2012 ka ntlha ya go tshameka mo French Immersion. Ka 2014, Adeliyi o ne a bidiwa "[[Shakespeare]]'s First Jamaican-Nigerian [[Lady Macbeth]]" fa a ne a tshameka karolo eo kwa Sterling Theatre kwa Toronto.[https://web.archive.org/web/20170315085557/https://thecaribbeancurrent.com/ctvs-flashpoint-actress-olunike-adeliyi-is-shakespeares-first-jamaican-nigerian-lady-macbeth/ ^{[2<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] Ka 2017, Adeliyi dinaledi ka CBC letoto la Workin 'Moms.<ref>[http://www.thetvjunkies.com/workin-moms-juno-rinaldi-interview/ [["Workin' Moms]]: Frankie's Struggles Hit Close to Home for Juno Rinaldi - The TV Junkies"]. The TV Junkies. 2017-02-07. Retrieved 2017-03-14.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2018, o ne a bona go tlhophiwa mo [[Canadian Screen Award]] for ya motshameki wa mme yo o gaisitseng wa mothusi kwa dikgaisanong tsa borataro tsa Canadian Screen Awards. O ne a tlhophiwa ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe mo filiming ya Boost. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == ===== Dikganetsano ===== Ka 2017, Adeliyi o ne a ngoka kgatlhego ya metswedi ya dikgang kwa Canada morago ga tiragalo e e diragetseng kwa Kingsway Theatre kwa Toronto. Lefelo leno ga le letle batho ba ba nang le mekotlana ya dibuka go tsena mo bobogelong jwa lone, mme Adeliyi o ne a ka se tlogele mokotlana wa gagwe wa dibuka o babalesegile mo badiring ba bobogelo. Badiri ba theatre ba ne ba gana go mo rekisetsa thekete, mme fa a ne a gana go tsamaya, mapodisi a ne a bidiwa.<ref>[https://nowtoronto.com/movies/kingsway-theatre-dispute-a-lesson-in-why-we-need-to-take-cla/ "The Kingsway Theatre dispute is a lesson in why we need to take claims of discrimination seriously"]. NOW Magazine. 2017-03-09. Retrieved 2017-03-14.</ref>Adeliyi o ne a re o ne a kgethololwa ke badiri ba theatre, ba ba neng ba mo tsaya ditshwantsho,<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/theatre-discrimination-1.4011126 "Actress claims she was discriminated against by theatre — while going to see film about race"]. CBC News. Retrieved 2017-03-14</ref> fa badiri ba theatre bone ba ne ba re ba ne ba latela melao.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170315085624/http://www.metronews.ca/news/toronto/2017/03/05/acress-at-odds-with-local-theatre-over-discrimination-case.html Actress at odds with Toronto movie theatre over discrimination case | Metro Toronto"]. metronews.ca. Archived from the original on 2017-03-15. Retrieved 2017-03-14.</ref> <ref>[https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/03/10/was-kingsway-theatre-saga-an-act-of-racism-or-jerk-ism-paradkar.html "Was Kingsway Theatre saga an act of racism or jerk-ism?: Paradkar | Toronto Star"]. thestar.com. 10 March 2017. Retrieved 2017-03-14.</ref>Fa mapodisi a sena go bidiwa, Adeliyi o ne a ntshiwa mo bobogelong.<ref>ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Arts - (6 March 2017). "[http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1020436/olunike-adeliyi-kingsway-racisme L'actrice Oluniké Adeliyi expulsée du cinéma : un gest discriminatory, Selon elle"]. Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 2017-03-14.</ref> Adeliyi o tlhalositse maitemogelo a gagwe a go nna "dehumanizing", mme mo potsolotsong le [[Toronto Star]], o ne a bua go ya pele ka maitemogelo a gagwe, a re: Ke kgopisiwa ke go bidiwa motho yo o kotsi mme ke sone se se diragetseng . . . Fa dilo di direga ka tsela eo, di ka nna tsa felela ka tsela epe fela, mme batho ba ka utlwisiwa botlhoko . . . go dira gore motho yo o latofadiwang ka sengwe a se ka a ikanyega, mme seo ga se a siama.<ref>[https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/03/06/social-media-skirmish-escalates-over-toronto-actresss-discrimination-claim.html "Social media skirmish escalates over Toronto actress's discrimination claim | Toronto Star"]. thestar.com. 6 March 2017. Retrieved 2017-03-14.</ref> Rui Pereira yo e leng mong wa lefelo la bobogelo o ne a tlhalosa Adeliyi e le "motho yo o sotlang", a re "o ne a itaya kgetsana ya gagwe mo khaontareng mme a batla tekete", mme a gana go tsamaya fa a ne a laelwa ke badiri. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] qh7a7c0dl9y23pduhi4deqna6s1ek4d 0 15504 56286 2026-10-05T15:37:03Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Selena Sloan Butler #BLT2026 56286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Selena Sloan Butler.jpg|thumb|Selena Sloane Butler]] [[Setshwantsho:SelenaSloanButler1899.tif|thumb|Selena Sloan Butler, go tswa mo kgatisong ya ngwaga wa 1899]] '''Selena Sloan Butler''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a supa le bobedi - a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bone) e ne e le motlhami gape e le tautona wa ntlha wa National Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers Association (NCCPT). Tautona Herbert Hoover o ne a mo thapa go berekela kwa bokopanong jwa ntlo ya botautona jwa botsogo jwa bana le tshireletso ya bone ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le borobabongwe. Ka nako ya ntwa ya bobedi ya mafatshefatshe, o ne a rulaganya lekalana la Red Cross la ntlha la bomme ba bantsho le le neng le bidiwa Gray Ladies. Fa kokoano e golaganya NCCPT le PTA ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa, Butler o ne a lemogiwa e le mongwe wa batlhami ba lekgotla leo, se se diriwa a setse a tlhokafetse. Ka jaana, Butler o lemogiwa e le mongwe wa batlhami ba lekgotla la batsadi le barutabana.<ref name=":1">[https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2508 "New Georgia Encyclopedia: Selena Sloan Butler (ca. 1872-1964)".] Georgiaencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 05 October 2026</ref><ref>[http://vapta.org/founders-day.html "Selena Sloan Butler - Founder".] Vapta.org. 2009-09-30. Retrieved 05 October 2026</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Butler o tsholetswe kwa Thomasville, Georgia,e le ngwana wa ga William Sloan le Winnie Williams ka Firikgong a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a supa le bobedi, dingwaga di supa fela morago ga bokgoba bo sena go ilediwa.<ref name=":2">[https://www.georgiawomen.org/selena-sloan-butler "SELENA SLOAN BUTLER - activist, founder".] ''[[:en:Georgia_Women_of_Achievement|Georgia Women of Achievement]]''. March 1995. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200827200104/https://www.georgiawomen.org/selena-sloan-butler Archived] from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved 05 October 2026</ref> Rraagwe e ne e le motho mosweu, mmaagwe e le wa ditso tse di kopaneng, bontlha bongwe e le wa India bontlha jo bongwe e le motho montsho wa kwa Amerika. O simolotse botshelo le mmaagwe le motsalwa le ene raagwe a seo, le ntswa a ne a amogela kemo nokeng ya gagwe ya madi. O tsene sekolo se se mo taolong ya barongwa kwa Thomas County a ya go tsweledisa kwa Spelman Seminary (kwa e neng ya nna Spelman College morago). Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro Butler o ne a aloga go tswa kwa Spelman ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (ka diploma ya sekolo se segolwane) a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya borutabana kwa Atlanta. Morago o ne a nna leloko la Eta Sigma lekalana la Sigma Gamma Rho.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a nyalwa ke Henry Rutherford Butler, ngaka wa maemo a ntlha wa motho montsho wa kwa Amerika kwa Atlanta o a neng a ithutetse kalafi kwa Harvard University lwa Cambridge, Massachusetts. Bobedi joo bo ne jwa na le ngwana wa mosimane, Henry Jr., fa Henry Jr., a atamela dingwaga tsa go simolola sekolo, Selena o ne a mmatlela sekolo se sepotlaa. Fa a sa bone sekolo sepe mo tikologong ya gagwe kgotsa tikologo epe ya batho bantsho mo toropong, o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya go simolola sekolo sa thuo go tswa kwa moding lwa lolwapeng lwa gagwe.<ref name=":2" /> == Pereko == Fa Henry a tsena sekolo se sebotlana sa Yonge Street Elementary, Selena o ne a simolola go batla distela tsa go thusa batsadi go nna le seabe mo thutong ya bana ba bone. A kopa thuso mo batsading ba bangwe, ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le motso, Butler o ne a tlhama bokopano jwa batsadi ba mmala le barutabana (NCCPT) kwa sekolong sa Yonge Elementary; e le lekgotla la ntlha la batsadi le barutabana la batho bantsho ba Amerika kwa United States. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le borobabongwe, o ne a tlhama lekgotla la batsadi le barutabana kwa Georgia. Se se simolotseng e le lenaneo la mo tikologong se ne sa gola go nna lekgotla le le lemogiwang mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Maitlamo a ga Butler mo baneng le malwapa a bone a ne a mo gwetlha go fitlhelela batsadi mo lefatsheng ka bophara. O kwadile makwalo a le mmalwa a rotloetsa batsadi le baritabana ba mmala go tlhama bokopano ka maikaelelo a go kopanya lolwapa le sekolo go nna thulaganyo ya tlhokomelo ya bana. Makwalo a gagwe a ne a baka kgatlhego mo batsading le bautabana, kgaolo ya gagwe ya Georgia e ne ya nna ya ntlha go rulaganya. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le borataro, Mrs. Butler o ne a kgatlhile batho ba le bantsi a ntsha ikuelo ya bokopano jwa ntlha. Mo pitsong e, dikgaolo di le nne di ne tsa fetola tsa romela baemedi. Ka ngwaga one oo, lekgotla la batsadi le barutabana le e neng e le la kgaolo fela le ne la nna la lefatshe ka bophara la batsadi le barutabana ba mmala. NCCPT e ne ya agiwa go tshwana le lekgotla la mofuta o o la batho basweu la National Congress of Parents and Teachers (le gompieno e leng National Parent-Teacher Association). Butler o ne a tshwaela botshelo jwa gagwe mo go tlhameng lekgotla le le tlaa nnang le maikaelelo a a tshwanang le la National Congress of Parents and Teachers. NCCPT le Congress of Mothers di ne tsa bereka mmogo go tlhabolola seemo sa dikolo mo baneng botlhe go sa kgathalesege gore ke ba lotso lofe, ga mmogo le barutabana. == Go thapiwa ke tautona == Maiteko a gagwe a ne a rotloetsa tautona Herbert Hoover go mo thapa go bereka mo bokopanong jwa gagwe jwa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le borobabongwe jwa botsogo jwa bana le tshireletso ya bone a emetse National Congres of Colored Parents and Teachers a bereka le komiti ya masea le bana ba ba tsena dikolo tse dipotlana, e tiro ya yone e nnileng le seabe mo go kwaleleng lekgotla la bana. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mabedi le borobabongwe go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo, o ne a bereka mo komiting ya ga tautona (e gompieno e bidiwang White House Conference on Children and Youth) a etelela pele NCCPT dingwaga di feta masome a mararo. Butler o ne a le matlhagatlhaga mo setshabeng sa gagwe e se morutabana fela mme gape e ke morulaganyi. O tlhamile lekgotla la Spelman College Alumnae le ba bangwe, a rulaganya lekalana la bomme ba banana ba Bakeresete (YWCA) kwa Phyllis Wheatley kwa Atlanta, ke tautona wa ntlha wa Georgia Federation of Colored Women's Club. Botshelo jwa ga Butler botlhe bo ne bo tshwaetswe bodiredi. E ne gape e le moemedi wa bokopano jwa ntlha jwa lekgotla la bomme ba mmala; leloko la komiti ya Georgia la tirisanommogo ya batho ba ditso tse di farologaneng, leloko la Chatauqua Circle of Atlanta; leloko la Sigma Gamma Rho, lekalana la Gamma, gape e le moamogedi wa seetsele sa tlotla sa Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star. === Morago === Morago ga go tlhokafala ga monna wa gagwe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mararo le motso, Butler o ne a fudugela kwa England kwa a neng a bereka mo lekgotleng la Nursery School. Morago o ne a boela kwa United States go nna le morwae le mosadi wa gagwe kwa Arizona kwa a neng a rulaganya lekalana la ntlha la bomme ba mmala o montsho la Gray Ladies Corps.<ref name=":2" /> Fa a le dingwaga di le masome a robabongwe le bobedi, Butler o ne a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya go tlhoka go bereka sentle ga pelo ka Phalane a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bone, a bolokwa go bapa le monna wa gagwe kwa mabitleng a Oakland kwa Atlanta. Senepe sa ga Butler se supilwe kwa kagong ya Georgia State Capitol. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a marataro le borataro, toropo ya Atlanta e ne ya tshwaela lefelo la itloso bodutu la Selena Sloan go mo fa tlotla. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa, Butler o ne a tlhomiwa motlhami wa lekgotla la batsadi le barutabana la lefatshe. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le botlhano, Butler o ne a tsenngwa mo ntlo lehalahaleng ya batlotlegi ya bomme ba ba atlegileng kwa Georgia.<ref name=":2" /> == Metswedi == 31wit1r0pv8j8noeat3ezhxzabah8o3 0 15505 56290 2026-10-05T16:13:00Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Ke tsentse tsebe 56290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Mouna Traoré | image = Mouna Traoré.jpg | caption = Traore ka 2016 | birth_date = Motsheganong 4, 1995 | birth_place = [[Toronto]],[[Ontario]],Canada | nationality = | occupation = Motshameki wa difilimi, Motlhami wa difilimi | known_for = | years_active = 2009-le jaana }} '''Mouna Traoré''' (o tshotswe ka Motsheganong 4, 1995) ke motshameki wa difilimi le motlhami wa difilimi wa kwa Canada. O itsege ka go tshameka mo mananeong a thelebišene a a farologaneng, jaaka [[Rookie Blue]] ya [[Global TV]] (2012), [[Murdoch Mysteries]] ya CBC (2015-2018), le [[The Umbrella Academy|The Umbrella Academy ]] ya Netflix (2020). Tiro ya gagwe ya difilimi e akaretsa difilimi tsa 2017 tsa The Drop In, tse di neng di bontshiwa kwa [[Toronto International Film Festival]], le [[Brown Girl Begins]], e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Sharon Lewis. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Traore o tsholetswe le go golela kwa [[Toronto]], Canada. Mmaagwe o tswa kwa Haiti mme rraagwe o tswa kwa Mali.<ref>Smith, Gabrielle (May 15, 2018). [http://atthemoviesonline.com/index.php/spotlight/2018/05/15/canadian-actress-mouna-traore-co-stars-on-new-american-series/ "CANADIAN ACTRESS MOUNA TRAORÉ CO-STARS ON NEW AMERICAN SERIES"]. Retrieved January 20, 2021.</ref> == Tiro == Traoré o simolotse go tshameka a sa le monnye. O ne a tsenela dithuto kwa [[Young people's Theatre]]. Moragonyana o ne a aloga kwa [[Etobicoke School of the Arts]]<ref>[http://www.theupperech.com/2016/04/26/feature-mouna-traore-success-thoughts-brown-girl-movement/ "FEATURE: Mouna Traore On Success & Her Thoughts On The Brown Girl Movement"]. TheUpperEch. April 26, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2016</ref>, mme a fetsa setankana se segolwane sa bodiragatsi le maranyane kwa [[University of Toronto]].<ref>[http://www.wearemovingstories.com/we-are-moving-stories-videos/2016/5/22/cannes-short-film-corner-adorn "CANNES SHORT FILM CORNER - Adorn"]. wearemovingstories.com. Retrieved September 30, 2016</ref> Ka 2017, Traoré o ne a tshameka mo filiming e khutshwane e e bidiwang The Drop In, e e neng ya bontshiwa la ntlha kwa Toronto International Film Festival.[ O eteletse pele filimi jaaka Joelle, moroki wa moriri kwa Black Canadian hair salon yo o lebagane le kgwetlho e e sa solofelwang fa Grace (Oluniké Adeliyi), mosadi yo a mo itseng mo botshelong jwa gagwe jwa pele, a wela ka fa ntle ka ntlha ya go beola moriri, mme tota ka mabaka a a bofitlha a a amanang le maemo a boagi jwa ga Joelle. Filimi e ne ya tlhophiwa mo TIFF's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for short films ka Sedimonthole wa 2017. Gape ka ngwaga oo, o ne a tshameka mo filiming ya Afro-futurist e e bidiwang Brown Girl Begins,[7] a bapile le Emmanuel Kabongo.[ 8] Filimi e ne ya gololwa kwa mafelong a bobogelo ka 2018 mme ya bontshiwa kwa meletlong e le mmalwa ya difilimi. [ 9][10] Traoré o tlhageletse mo mananeong a thelebišene a feta lesome le bobedi, a simolola ka go boeletsa karolo ya gagwe mo mananeong a thelebišene a bana a Teletoon, Majority Rules!. Dikarolo tsa gagwe tsa thelebišene tse di itsegeng di akaretsa Crystal Markes mo Rookie Blue ya Global TV ya 2012[1], le Rebecca James mo CBC's long-running detective series Murdoch Mysteries (2015 ⁇ 2018).[2] 12] O ne a dira diteko makgetlo a le mmalwa go tsaya karolo mo Murdoch Mysteries, pele ga a bona karolo e e boaboelelang mo motseletseleng ono.[ 13] Ka 2020, o ne a tshameka mo motseletseleng wa Netflix wa Self Made jaaka Esther,[14] le The Umbrella Academy jaaka Jill.[ 15] Tiro e nngwe Traoré ke mothei-mmogo wa khamphani ya go dira difilimi, The Mini Films, e a e dirisitseng go kwala le go dira difilimi tse pedi tse dikhutshwane. Filimi ya gagwe e khutshwane ya 2015, Adorn, e fentse sekgele sa Best Narrative Short kwa Montreal International Black Film Festival. 16] == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] a0d0fw8i0gb8bxxx2nqg3r4dyoyg8qw 56293 56290 2026-10-05T16:31:11Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Mouna Traoré | image = Mouna Traoré.jpg | caption = Traore ka 2016 | birth_date = Motsheganong 4, 1995 | birth_place = [[Toronto]],[[Ontario]],Canada | nationality = | occupation = Motshameki wa difilimi, Motlhami wa difilimi | known_for = | years_active = 2009-le jaana }} '''Mouna Traoré''' (o tshotswe ka Motsheganong 4, 1995) ke motshameki wa difilimi le motlhami wa difilimi wa kwa Canada. O itsege ka go tshameka mo mananeong a thelebišene a a farologaneng, jaaka [[Rookie Blue]] ya [[Global TV]] (2012), [[Murdoch Mysteries]] ya CBC (2015-2018), le [[The Umbrella Academy|The Umbrella Academy ]] ya Netflix (2020). Tiro ya gagwe ya difilimi e akaretsa difilimi tsa 2017 tsa The Drop In, tse di neng di bontshiwa kwa [[Toronto International Film Festival]], le [[Brown Girl Begins]], e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Sharon Lewis. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Traore o tsholetswe le go golela kwa [[Toronto]], Canada. Mmaagwe o tswa kwa Haiti mme rraagwe o tswa kwa Mali.<ref>Smith, Gabrielle (May 15, 2018). [http://atthemoviesonline.com/index.php/spotlight/2018/05/15/canadian-actress-mouna-traore-co-stars-on-new-american-series/ "CANADIAN ACTRESS MOUNA TRAORÉ CO-STARS ON NEW AMERICAN SERIES"]. Retrieved January 20, 2021.</ref> == Tiro == Traoré o simolotse go tshameka a sa le monnye. O ne a tsenela dithuto kwa [[Young people's Theatre]]. Moragonyana o ne a aloga kwa [[Etobicoke School of the Arts]]<ref>[http://www.theupperech.com/2016/04/26/feature-mouna-traore-success-thoughts-brown-girl-movement/ "FEATURE: Mouna Traore On Success & Her Thoughts On The Brown Girl Movement"]. TheUpperEch. April 26, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2016</ref>, mme a fetsa setankana se segolwane sa bodiragatsi le maranyane kwa [[University of Toronto]].<ref>[http://www.wearemovingstories.com/we-are-moving-stories-videos/2016/5/22/cannes-short-film-corner-adorn "CANNES SHORT FILM CORNER - Adorn"]. wearemovingstories.com. Retrieved September 30, 2016</ref> Ka 2017, Traoré o ne a tshameka mo filiming e khutshwane e e bidiwang [[The Drop In]], e e neng ya bontshiwa la ntlha kwa [[Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref>"[https://www.tiff.net/tiff/the-drop-in/ The Drop In"]. www.tiff.net. Retrieved February 15, 2018.</ref> <ref>Wilson Morales, "[https://www.blackfilm.com/read/2017/08/tiff-2017-preview-naledi-jacksons-short-film-the-drop-in/ TIFF 2017 Preview: Naledi Jackson’s Short Film ‘The Drop In’"]. Blackfilm, August 31, 2017.</ref>O eteletse pele filimi jaaka Joelle, moroki wa moriri kwa [[Black Canadian]] hair salon yo o lebagane le kgwetlho e e sa solofelwang fa Grace ([[Oluniké Adeliyi]]), mosadi yo a mo itseng mo botshelong jwa gagwe jwa pele, a wela ka fa ntle ka ntlha ya go beola moriri, mme tota ka mabaka a a bofitlha a a amanang le maemo a boagi jwa ga Joelle. Filimi e ne ya tlhophiwa mo dikgaisanong tsa TIFF's tsa ngwaga o hela tsa difilimi tse di khutshwane tse di gaisitseng tsa ka Sedimonthole wa 2017.<ref>Regan Reid, [https://playbackonline.ca/2017/12/06/what-made-tiffs-top-10-canadian-movies-of-2017/ "What made TIFF’s top-10 Canadian movies of 2017?"]. Playback, December 6, 2017.</ref> Gape ka ngwaga oo, o ne a tshameka mo filiming ya Afro-futurist e e bidiwang [[Brown Girl Begins]],<ref>[https://ago.ca/events/brown-girl-begins "Brown Girl Begins | Art Gallery of Ontario"]. Art Gallery of Ontario. Retrieved February 15, 2018</ref>a bapile le [[Emmanuel Kabongo]].<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/black-panther-sci-fi-diversity-1.4528305 "'We are ready. We've been ready:' Black Panther ushers in a new wave of black sci-fi"]. CBC News. Retrieved February 15, 2018.</ref>Filimi e ne ya gololwa kwa mafelong a bobogelo ka 2018 mme ya bontshiwa kwa meletlong e le mmalwa ya difilimi.<ref>[http://montrealblackfilm.com/en/movie/brown-girls-begin-2/ "BROWN GIRLS BEGIN | Festival International du Film black de Montréal"]. montrealblackfilm.com. Retrieved February 15, 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/arts/exhibitionists/in-dystopian-science-fiction-one-thing-is-clear-it-doesn-t-end-well-for-women-or-people-of-colour-1.4521032 "In dystopian science fiction, one thing is clear: it doesn't end well for women or people of colour | CBC Arts"]. CBC. Retrieved February 15, 2018.</ref> Traoré o tlhageletse mo mananeong a thelebišene a feta lesome le bobedi, a simolola ka go boeletsa karolo ya gagwe mo mananeong a thelebišene a bana a [[Teletoon]], [[Majority Rules]]!. Dikarolo tsa gagwe tsa thelebišene tse di itsegeng di akaretsa Crystal Markes mo Rookie Blue ya Global TV ya 2012<ref>[http://www.celebdirtylaundry.com/2012/rookie-blue-recap-season-3-episode-3-a-good-shoot-6712/ "Rookie Blue Recap: Season 3 Episode 3 'A Good Shoot' 6/7/12 | Celeb Dirty Laundry"]. www.celebdirtylaundry.com. June 7, 2012. Retrieved September 30, 2016</ref>, le Rebecca James mo CBC's long-running detective series [[Murdoch Mysteries]] (2015 2018).<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/murdochmysteries/m_cast/mouna-traore "Mouna Traoré - Cast - Murdoch Mysteries"]. cbc.ca. Retrieved September 30, 2016.</ref>O ne a dira diteko makgetlo a le mmalwa go tsaya karolo mo Murdoch Mysteries, pele ga a bona karolo e e boaboelelang mo motseletseleng ono.<ref>[http://www.tv-eh.com/2015/11/15/murdoch-mysteries-new-kid-on-the-block-mouna-traore/ "Murdoch Mysteries' new kid on the block: Mouna Traoré"]. tv-eh.com. November 15, 2015. Retrieved September 30, 2016</ref> Ka 2020, o ne a tshameka mo motseletseleng wa Netflix wa Self Made jaaka Esther,<ref>[https://www.radiotimes.com/news/on-demand/2020-03-13/netflix-drama-self-made-cast/ Meet the cast of Netflix drama 'Self Made: Inspired by the Life of Madam CJ Walker'"]. Radio Times. Retrieved December 15, 2020</ref> le The Umbrella Academy jaaka Jill.<ref>Jones, Zoe Christen. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/zoechristenjones/2020/08/31/umbrella-academys-mouna-traor-is-ready-for-the-next-big-thing/ "Umbrella Academy's Mouna Traoré Is Ready for the Next Big Thing"]. Forbes. Retrieved December 15, 2020.</ref> ===== Tiro e nngwe ===== Traoré ke mothei-mmogo wa khamphani ya go dira difilimi, The Mini Films, e a e dirisitseng go kwala le go dira difilimi tse pedi tse dikhutshwane. Filimi ya gagwe e khutshwane ya 2015, Adorn, e fentse sekgele sa Best Narrative Short kwa [[Montreal International Black Film Festival]]. <ref>[https://www.neverapart.com/events/revisiting-cc-x-ciinema/ "Revisiting CC x CIINEMA"]. Never Apart. Retrieved December 15, 2020</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] hn40wnq08nlvet5cgsvjyuq2prvkqsp 0 15506 56294 2026-10-05T16:52:16Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367050704|Brittany Adebumola]]" 56294 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brittany Adebumola''' (o tshotswe ka di 4 Ngwanatsele 1996) ke motshameki wa mo Amerika. Mo thelebišeneng, o itsege ka ditiro tsa gagwe mo motseletseleng wa [[Netflix]] [[Grand Army]] (2020), CW reboot ya [[4400]] (2021), le motseletsele wa Hulu The Other Black Girl (2023). O ne a dira lentswe la ga [[Nakia]] mo setlheng sa boraro sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] animated series [[What If..]].? (2024). le metseletsele ya bosheng ya [[M.I.A]]. _{TV_series} == Botshelo jwa pele == Adebumola o tswa kwa Nigeria le Jamaica.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brittany Adebumola |date=5 August 2019 |title=Half & half 😉 #caribana2019 |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B0yo04BnJlh/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |via=Instagram}}</ref> O goletse kwa Florida mme a fudugela kwa Brooklyn a le dingwaga di le 14 kwa a neng a tsena sekolo sa [[Clara Barton High Schoo|Clara Barton High School]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brittany Adebumola, Actor |url=https://www.worldwithoutexploitation.org/bios/brittany-adebumola |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=World Without Exploitation}}</ref> mme a aloga ka setankana se segolwana sa bodiragatsi kwa sekolong sa botaki le bodiragatsi kwa [[Syracuse University]]..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Davenport |first=Emily |date=27 May 2020 |title=Rising New York City actress talks about how her after-school theater experience helped shape her professionally |url=https://www.amny.com/entertainment/rising-new-york-city-actress-talks-about-how-her-after-school-theater-experience-helped-shape-her-professionally/ |journal=AM New York Metro |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brittany Adebumola |url=https://openingact.org/artistic-advisory-board/brittany-adebumola/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |website=Opening Act}}</ref> == Tiro ya gawe == Adebumola o ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo thelebišeneng ka ngwaga wa 2020 mo seraleng sa thelebišeneng sa basha sa [[Netflix]] Grand Army jaaka Tamika Jones.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who plays Tamika in Grand Army? - Brittany Adebumola |url=https://www.popbuzz.com/tv-film/features/grand-army-cast/tamika-actress-brittany-adebumola/ |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=PopBuzz}}</ref> Mo ngwageng o o latelang, o ne a tshameka jaaka Shanice Murray mo CW reboot of the science fiction series [[4400]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=7 April 2021 |title='4400': Brittany Adebumola, Jaye Ladymore & Amarr Wooten Join CW Series |url=https://deadline.com/2021/04/4400-brittany-adebumola-jaye-ladymore-amarr-wooten-join-cw-series-1234729868/ |access-date=8 April 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abraham |first=Jeanine T. |title=The CW's '4400' Stars the Talented Brittany Adebumola as Shanice Murray |url=https://blackgirlnerds.com/the-cws-4400-stars-the-talented-brittany-adebumola-as-shanice-murray/ |access-date=6 November 2021 |website=Black Girl Nerds}}</ref> O ne gape a dira dipapadi tsa baeng mo mananeong a [[Paramount]]+ a Guilty Party le mananeong a CBS a [[The Equalizer]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=LeGardye |first=Quinci |date=14 September 2023 |title=The Cast of 'The Other Black Girl': Your Guide to Who's Who |url=https://www.marieclaire.com/culture/tv-shows/the-cast-of-the-other-black-girl-your-guide-to-whos-who/ |journal=Marie Claire |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref> Ka 2023, Adebumola o ne a na le seabe se segolo jaaka Malaika mo go fetoleng [[Hulu]] ya [[The Other Black Girl]] ka [[Zakiya Dalila Harris]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rice |first=Lynette |date=October 31, 2022 |title='The Other Black Girl': Sinclair Daniel, Ashleigh Murray, Brittany Adebumola and Hunter Parrish Join Hulu Original Series |url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/the-other-black-girl-sinclair-daniel-ashleigh-murray-brittany-adebumola-hunter-parrish-join-hulu-series-1235159116/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031201646/https://deadline.com/2022/10/the-other-black-girl-sinclair-daniel-ashleigh-murray-brittany-adebumola-hunter-parrish-join-hulu-series-1235159116/ |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |access-date=August 20, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> mme a dira tshimologo ya gagwe ya sethala sa Broadway mo [[Jaja's African Hair Braiding]] kwa [[Samuel J. Friedman Theatre]]..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wild |first=Stephi |date=12 September 2023 |title=Meet the Cast of JAJA'S AFRICAN HAIR BRAIDING, Beginning Previews on Broadway Tonight! |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Meet-the-Cast-of-JAJAS-AFRICAN-HAIR-BRAIDING-Beginning-Previews-on-Broadway-Tonight-20230912 |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=BroadwayWorld}}</ref> O na le seabe se se tlang mo motseletseleng wa Demascus, o o neng wa bontshiwa kwa [[SXSW]]..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demascus |url=https://schedule.sxsw.com/2023/films/2082648 |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=SXSW 2023 Schedule}}</ref> == Difilimi == == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] g94bqrmzf80bucc940sw3mt3tx86b55 56295 56294 2026-10-05T16:52:32Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367050704|Brittany Adebumola]]" 56295 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brittany Adebumola''' (o tshotswe ka di 4 Ngwanatsele 1996) ke motshameki wa mo Amerika. Mo thelebišeneng, o itsege ka ditiro tsa gagwe mo motseletseleng wa [[Netflix]] [[Grand Army]] (2020), CW reboot ya [[4400]] (2021), le motseletsele wa Hulu The Other Black Girl (2023). O ne a dira lentswe la ga [[Nakia]] mo setlheng sa boraro sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] animated series [[What If..]].? (2024). le metseletsele ya bosheng ya [[M.I.A]]. _{TV_series} == Botshelo jwa pele == Adebumola o tswa kwa Nigeria le Jamaica.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brittany Adebumola |date=5 August 2019 |title=Half & half 😉 #caribana2019 |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B0yo04BnJlh/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |via=Instagram}}</ref> O goletse kwa Florida mme a fudugela kwa Brooklyn a le dingwaga di le 14 kwa a neng a tsena sekolo sa [[Clara Barton High Schoo|Clara Barton High School]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brittany Adebumola, Actor |url=https://www.worldwithoutexploitation.org/bios/brittany-adebumola |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=World Without Exploitation}}</ref> mme a aloga ka setankana se segolwana sa bodiragatsi kwa sekolong sa botaki le bodiragatsi kwa [[Syracuse University]]..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Davenport |first=Emily |date=27 May 2020 |title=Rising New York City actress talks about how her after-school theater experience helped shape her professionally |url=https://www.amny.com/entertainment/rising-new-york-city-actress-talks-about-how-her-after-school-theater-experience-helped-shape-her-professionally/ |journal=AM New York Metro |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brittany Adebumola |url=https://openingact.org/artistic-advisory-board/brittany-adebumola/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |website=Opening Act}}</ref> == Tiro ya gawe == Adebumola o ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo thelebišeneng ka ngwaga wa 2020 mo seraleng sa thelebišeneng sa basha sa [[Netflix]] Grand Army jaaka Tamika Jones.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who plays Tamika in Grand Army? - Brittany Adebumola |url=https://www.popbuzz.com/tv-film/features/grand-army-cast/tamika-actress-brittany-adebumola/ |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=PopBuzz}}</ref> Mo ngwageng o o latelang, o ne a tshameka jaaka Shanice Murray mo CW reboot of the science fiction series [[4400]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=7 April 2021 |title='4400': Brittany Adebumola, Jaye Ladymore & Amarr Wooten Join CW Series |url=https://deadline.com/2021/04/4400-brittany-adebumola-jaye-ladymore-amarr-wooten-join-cw-series-1234729868/ |access-date=8 April 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abraham |first=Jeanine T. |title=The CW's '4400' Stars the Talented Brittany Adebumola as Shanice Murray |url=https://blackgirlnerds.com/the-cws-4400-stars-the-talented-brittany-adebumola-as-shanice-murray/ |access-date=6 November 2021 |website=Black Girl Nerds}}</ref> O ne gape a dira dipapadi tsa baeng mo mananeong a [[Paramount]]+ a Guilty Party le mananeong a CBS a [[The Equalizer]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=LeGardye |first=Quinci |date=14 September 2023 |title=The Cast of 'The Other Black Girl': Your Guide to Who's Who |url=https://www.marieclaire.com/culture/tv-shows/the-cast-of-the-other-black-girl-your-guide-to-whos-who/ |journal=Marie Claire |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref> Ka 2023, Adebumola o ne a na le seabe se segolo jaaka Malaika mo go fetoleng [[Hulu]] ya [[The Other Black Girl]] ka [[Zakiya Dalila Harris]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rice |first=Lynette |date=October 31, 2022 |title='The Other Black Girl': Sinclair Daniel, Ashleigh Murray, Brittany Adebumola and Hunter Parrish Join Hulu Original Series |url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/the-other-black-girl-sinclair-daniel-ashleigh-murray-brittany-adebumola-hunter-parrish-join-hulu-series-1235159116/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031201646/https://deadline.com/2022/10/the-other-black-girl-sinclair-daniel-ashleigh-murray-brittany-adebumola-hunter-parrish-join-hulu-series-1235159116/ |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |access-date=August 20, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> mme a dira tshimologo ya gagwe ya sethala sa Broadway mo [[Jaja's African Hair Braiding]] kwa [[Samuel J. Friedman Theatre]]..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wild |first=Stephi |date=12 September 2023 |title=Meet the Cast of JAJA'S AFRICAN HAIR BRAIDING, Beginning Previews on Broadway Tonight! |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Meet-the-Cast-of-JAJAS-AFRICAN-HAIR-BRAIDING-Beginning-Previews-on-Broadway-Tonight-20230912 |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=BroadwayWorld}}</ref> O na le seabe se se tlang mo motseletseleng wa Demascus, o o neng wa bontshiwa kwa [[SXSW]]..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demascus |url=https://schedule.sxsw.com/2023/films/2082648 |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=SXSW 2023 Schedule}}</ref> == Difilimi == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Role ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- |2020 |''Grand Army'' |Tamika Jones |10 episodes |- |2021–2022 |''4400'' |Shanice Murray |Main role |- |2021 |''Guilty Party'' |Chevonne |Episode: "A Denver Ten" |- |2022 |''The Equalizer'' |Tasha "Storm" Murray |Episode: "One Percenters" |- |2023 |''The Other Black Girl'' |Malaika |Main role |- |2024 |<nowiki><i id="mwlQ">What If...?</i></nowiki> |Nakia (voice) |Episode: "What If... the Hulk Fought the Mech Avengers?" |- |2025 |<nowiki><i id="mwnQ">Watson</i></nowiki> |Taryn Quintyre |Episode: "The Man with the Glowing Chest" |- |2026 |<nowiki><i id="mwpA">M.I.A.</i></nowiki> |Lovely |All episode |- |TBA |''Demascus'' |Shaena | |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] pbqzn72al7mj02zyy998ng6vic4ubyj 56296 56295 2026-10-05T16:53:37Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brittany Adebumola''' (o tshotswe ka di 4 Ngwanatsele 1996) ke motshameki wa mo Amerika. Mo thelebišeneng, o itsege ka ditiro tsa gagwe mo motseletseleng wa [[Netflix]] [[Grand Army]] (2020), CW reboot ya [[4400]] (2021), le motseletsele wa Hulu The Other Black Girl (2023). O ne a dira lentswe la ga [[Nakia]] mo setlheng sa boraro sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] animated series [[What If..]].? (2024). le metseletsele ya bosheng ya [[M.I.A]]. _{TV_series} == Botshelo jwa pele == Adebumola o tswa kwa Nigeria le Jamaica.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brittany Adebumola |date=5 August 2019 |title=Half & half 😉 #caribana2019 |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B0yo04BnJlh/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |via=Instagram}}</ref> O goletse kwa Florida mme a fudugela kwa Brooklyn a le dingwaga di le 14 kwa a neng a tsena sekolo sa [[Clara Barton High Schoo|Clara Barton High School]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brittany Adebumola, Actor |url=https://www.worldwithoutexploitation.org/bios/brittany-adebumola |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=World Without Exploitation}}</ref> mme a aloga ka setankana se segolwana sa bodiragatsi kwa sekolong sa botaki le bodiragatsi kwa [[Syracuse University]]..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Davenport |first=Emily |date=27 May 2020 |title=Rising New York City actress talks about how her after-school theater experience helped shape her professionally |url=https://www.amny.com/entertainment/rising-new-york-city-actress-talks-about-how-her-after-school-theater-experience-helped-shape-her-professionally/ |journal=AM New York Metro |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brittany Adebumola |url=https://openingact.org/artistic-advisory-board/brittany-adebumola/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |website=Opening Act}}</ref> == Tiro ya gawe == Adebumola o ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo thelebišeneng ka ngwaga wa 2020 mo seraleng sa thelebišeneng sa basha sa [[Netflix]] Grand Army jaaka Tamika Jones.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who plays Tamika in Grand Army? - Brittany Adebumola |url=https://www.popbuzz.com/tv-film/features/grand-army-cast/tamika-actress-brittany-adebumola/ |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=PopBuzz}}</ref> Mo ngwageng o o latelang, o ne a tshameka jaaka Shanice Murray mo CW reboot of the science fiction series [[4400]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=7 April 2021 |title='4400': Brittany Adebumola, Jaye Ladymore & Amarr Wooten Join CW Series |url=https://deadline.com/2021/04/4400-brittany-adebumola-jaye-ladymore-amarr-wooten-join-cw-series-1234729868/ |access-date=8 April 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abraham |first=Jeanine T. |title=The CW's '4400' Stars the Talented Brittany Adebumola as Shanice Murray |url=https://blackgirlnerds.com/the-cws-4400-stars-the-talented-brittany-adebumola-as-shanice-murray/ |access-date=6 November 2021 |website=Black Girl Nerds}}</ref> O ne gape a dira dipapadi tsa baeng mo mananeong a [[Paramount]]+ a Guilty Party le mananeong a CBS a [[The Equalizer]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=LeGardye |first=Quinci |date=14 September 2023 |title=The Cast of 'The Other Black Girl': Your Guide to Who's Who |url=https://www.marieclaire.com/culture/tv-shows/the-cast-of-the-other-black-girl-your-guide-to-whos-who/ |journal=Marie Claire |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref> Ka 2023, Adebumola o ne a na le seabe se segolo jaaka Malaika mo go fetoleng [[Hulu]] ya [[The Other Black Girl]] ka [[Zakiya Dalila Harris]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rice |first=Lynette |date=October 31, 2022 |title='The Other Black Girl': Sinclair Daniel, Ashleigh Murray, Brittany Adebumola and Hunter Parrish Join Hulu Original Series |url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/the-other-black-girl-sinclair-daniel-ashleigh-murray-brittany-adebumola-hunter-parrish-join-hulu-series-1235159116/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031201646/https://deadline.com/2022/10/the-other-black-girl-sinclair-daniel-ashleigh-murray-brittany-adebumola-hunter-parrish-join-hulu-series-1235159116/ |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |access-date=August 20, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> mme a dira tshimologo ya gagwe ya sethala sa Broadway mo [[Jaja's African Hair Braiding]] kwa [[Samuel J. Friedman Theatre]]..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wild |first=Stephi |date=12 September 2023 |title=Meet the Cast of JAJA'S AFRICAN HAIR BRAIDING, Beginning Previews on Broadway Tonight! |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Meet-the-Cast-of-JAJAS-AFRICAN-HAIR-BRAIDING-Beginning-Previews-on-Broadway-Tonight-20230912 |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=BroadwayWorld}}</ref> O na le seabe se se tlang mo motseletseleng wa Demascus, o o neng wa bontshiwa kwa [[SXSW]]..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demascus |url=https://schedule.sxsw.com/2023/films/2082648 |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=SXSW 2023 Schedule}}</ref> == Difilimi == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ngwaga !Sethogo !Karolo ! class="unsortable" |dinopolo |- |2020 |''Grand Army'' |Tamika Jones |10 episodes |- |2021–2022 |''4400'' |Shanice Murray |Main role |- |2021 |''Guilty Party'' |Chevonne |Episode: "A Denver Ten" |- |2022 |''The Equalizer'' |Tasha "Storm" Murray |Episode: "One Percenters" |- |2023 |''The Other Black Girl'' |Malaika |Main role |- |2024 |<nowiki><i id="mwlQ">What If...?</i></nowiki> |Nakia (voice) |Episode: "What If... the Hulk Fought the Mech Avengers?" |- |2025 |<nowiki><i id="mwnQ">Watson</i></nowiki> |Taryn Quintyre |Episode: "The Man with the Glowing Chest" |- |2026 |<nowiki><i id="mwpA">M.I.A.</i></nowiki> |Lovely |All episode |- |TBA |''Demascus'' |Shaena | |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] oqxb66877ag8ta2lhnf7znuxmo0erz1 0 15507 56300 2026-10-05T17:06:52Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365352695|Maliq Johnson]]" 56300 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maliq Akil Johnson''' (o tshotswe ka 22 Seetebosigo 2000) ke motshameki wa difilimi wa kwa Amerika. Mo thelebišeneng, o itsege ka seabe sa gagwe mo motseletseleng wa [[Netflix]] wa [[Grand Army]] (2020). Difilimi tsa gagwe di akaretsa [[knucklehead]] (2015), [[Little Men, Little Boxes]] (ka bobedi ka 2016), [[Turtles All the Way Down]] (2024) le Ricky (2025). == Botshelo jwa pele == Johnson o belegetswe kwa [[Brooklyn]], legae la gagwe la ntlha kwa [[Starrett City]], ke Mark Johnson le Tracy Stith. O goletse kwa lefelong la [[Bedford-Stuyvesant]] koo rraagwe a neng a nna mong wa Head Hunter Barbershop go tloga ka 1996 go fitlha e tswalwa ka 2015 ka ntlha ya go tlhabologa..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bautista |first=Camille |date=January 6, 2015 |title=Bed-Stuy's Head Hunter Barbershop Shuts Down After Nearly 70 Years |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150106/bed-stuy/bed-stuys-head-hunter-barbershop-shuts-down-after-nearly-70-years/ |url-status=dead |journal=DNA Info |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130012259/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150106/bed-stuy/bed-stuys-head-hunter-barbershop-shuts-down-after-nearly-70-years |archive-date=January 30, 2023 |access-date=October 22, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jason |date=October 22, 2020 |title=Yep Maliq's pops inherited & ran one of the oldest Black Barbershops in Bedstuy Brooklyn. It's called head hunters and Barbershop. Biggie used to chill there sadly it closed in 2015. First shot is Maliq's pops cutting my hair. You can see young Maliqs photo in top right mirror |url=https://twitter.com/IamClassicBeatz/status/1319440074136760321 |access-date=October 23, 2020 |via=Twitter}}</ref> Maliq o ne a ya kwa Sekolong sa Kobble Hill sa Dithuto tsa Amerika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebratory Pizza Party - Friday, December 16th |url=https://www.cobblehillhighschool.org/groups/50326 |access-date=17 October 2020 |website=Cobble Hill School of American Studies}}</ref> O ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo thelebišeneng ka 2004 mo papatsong ya [[PediaSure]]. O ne a tlhagelela mo dikatalogong le mo dipapatsong tsa dikgaisano tse di jaaka Verizon, [[GAP]], [[Target]], [[Pillsbury]], [[Zulily]], UFT, [[Macy's]], [[Sean John]], [[Aéropostale]], le [[Kohl's]]. O ne a ithuta go tshameka ka nako ya fa a ne a simolola go tshameka. Gone jaanong o nna kwa [[Queens]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arnold |first=Chuck |date=14 October 2020 |title=Meet the cast of Netflix's gritty new NYC high school drama 'Grand Army' |url=https://nypost.com/2020/10/14/meet-the-cast-of-netflixs-gritty-new-nyc-high-school-drama-grand-army/amp/ |journal=New York Post |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref> == Difilimi == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Title ! scope="col" |Role ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Notes |- |2013 |''Golden Boy'' |Joey Olsen |Episode: "Longshot" |- |2013 |''...And She Was My Eve'' |Young Vic |Short film |- |2015 |''Knucklehead'' |Iron Mike |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2015 |title=Meet Maliq Johnson |url=http://www.knuckleheadfilm.com/blog/2015/3/16/zzg1gu9efkx4kz9wv2r0ch2np0wpuv |access-date=17 October 2020 |website=Knucklehead Film}}</ref> |- |2015 |''Show Me a Hero'' |Norma's Nephew |Miniseries; 1 episode |- |2016 |''Little Men'' |Umar | |- |2016 |''Little Boxes'' |William | |- |2018 |''Power'' |Kid |Episode: "A Friend of the Family" |- |2019 |''When They See Us'' |Terence |Miniseries; 2 episodes |- |2020 |''Grand Army'' |Jayson Jackson |Main role<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnson |first=Maliq |date=16 October 2020 |title=Grand Army's Maliq Johnson on the Importance of Playing Jayson |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/grand-army-maliq-johnson-jayson |journal=Teen Vogue |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Swift |first=Andy |date=16 October 2020 |title=Grand Army Premiere: Maliq Johnson on the Netflix Drama's 'Authentic' Look at Issues Facing Black Teens in America |url=https://www.tvline.com/interviews/grand-army-netflix-season-1-episode-1-interview-1234585547/ |journal=TVLine |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref> |- |2024 |''Turtles All the Way Down'' |Mychal Turner | |- |2025 |''Ricky'' |James |Post-production |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] a7nsyput72tapgwno7xcfrvi1842i2p 56302 56300 2026-10-05T17:10:48Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Maliq Johnson | image = Maliq Johnson.jpg | caption = Johnson ka 2015 | birth_date = Maliq Akil Johnson | birth_place = 22 Seetebosigo 2000 | nationality = Brooklyn, New York, U.S. | occupation = Motshameki wa difilimi, mmini | known_for = | years_active = 2013- le jaana }}'''Maliq Akil Johnson''' (o tshotswe ka 22 Seetebosigo 2000) ke motshameki wa difilimi wa kwa Amerika. Mo thelebišeneng, o itsege ka seabe sa gagwe mo motseletseleng wa [[Netflix]] wa [[Grand Army]] (2020). Difilimi tsa gagwe di akaretsa [[knucklehead]] (2015), [[Little Men, Little Boxes]] (ka bobedi ka 2016), [[Turtles All the Way Down]] (2024) le Ricky (2025). == Botshelo jwa pele == Johnson o belegetswe kwa [[Brooklyn]], legae la gagwe la ntlha kwa [[Starrett City]], ke Mark Johnson le Tracy Stith. O goletse kwa lefelong la [[Bedford-Stuyvesant]] koo rraagwe a neng a nna mong wa Head Hunter Barbershop go tloga ka 1996 go fitlha e tswalwa ka 2015 ka ntlha ya go tlhabologa..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bautista |first=Camille |date=January 6, 2015 |title=Bed-Stuy's Head Hunter Barbershop Shuts Down After Nearly 70 Years |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150106/bed-stuy/bed-stuys-head-hunter-barbershop-shuts-down-after-nearly-70-years/ |url-status=dead |journal=DNA Info |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130012259/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150106/bed-stuy/bed-stuys-head-hunter-barbershop-shuts-down-after-nearly-70-years |archive-date=January 30, 2023 |access-date=October 22, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jason |date=October 22, 2020 |title=Yep Maliq's pops inherited & ran one of the oldest Black Barbershops in Bedstuy Brooklyn. It's called head hunters and Barbershop. Biggie used to chill there sadly it closed in 2015. First shot is Maliq's pops cutting my hair. You can see young Maliqs photo in top right mirror |url=https://twitter.com/IamClassicBeatz/status/1319440074136760321 |access-date=October 23, 2020 |via=Twitter}}</ref> Maliq o ne a ya kwa Sekolong sa Kobble Hill sa Dithuto tsa Amerika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebratory Pizza Party - Friday, December 16th |url=https://www.cobblehillhighschool.org/groups/50326 |access-date=17 October 2020 |website=Cobble Hill School of American Studies}}</ref> O ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo thelebišeneng ka 2004 mo papatsong ya [[PediaSure]]. O ne a tlhagelela mo dikatalogong le mo dipapatsong tsa dikgaisano tse di jaaka Verizon, [[GAP]], [[Target]], [[Pillsbury]], [[Zulily]], UFT, [[Macy's]], [[Sean John]], [[Aéropostale]], le [[Kohl's]]. O ne a ithuta go tshameka ka nako ya fa a ne a simolola go tshameka. Gone jaanong o nna kwa [[Queens]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arnold |first=Chuck |date=14 October 2020 |title=Meet the cast of Netflix's gritty new NYC high school drama 'Grand Army' |url=https://nypost.com/2020/10/14/meet-the-cast-of-netflixs-gritty-new-nyc-high-school-drama-grand-army/amp/ |journal=New York Post |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref> == Difilimi == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Ngwaga ! scope="col" |Setlhogo ! scope="col" |karolo ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |dinopolo |- |2013 |''Golden Boy'' |Joey Olsen |Episode: "Longshot" |- |2013 |''...And She Was My Eve'' |Young Vic |Short film |- |2015 |''Knucklehead'' |Iron Mike |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2015 |title=Meet Maliq Johnson |url=http://www.knuckleheadfilm.com/blog/2015/3/16/zzg1gu9efkx4kz9wv2r0ch2np0wpuv |access-date=17 October 2020 |website=Knucklehead Film}}</ref> |- |2015 |''Show Me a Hero'' |Norma's Nephew |Miniseries; 1 episode |- |2016 |''Little Men'' |Umar | |- |2016 |''Little Boxes'' |William | |- |2018 |''Power'' |Kid |Episode: "A Friend of the Family" |- |2019 |''When They See Us'' |Terence |Miniseries; 2 episodes |- |2020 |''Grand Army'' |Jayson Jackson |Main role<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnson |first=Maliq |date=16 October 2020 |title=Grand Army's Maliq Johnson on the Importance of Playing Jayson |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/grand-army-maliq-johnson-jayson |journal=Teen Vogue |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Swift |first=Andy |date=16 October 2020 |title=Grand Army Premiere: Maliq Johnson on the Netflix Drama's 'Authentic' Look at Issues Facing Black Teens in America |url=https://www.tvline.com/interviews/grand-army-netflix-season-1-episode-1-interview-1234585547/ |journal=TVLine |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref> |- |2024 |''Turtles All the Way Down'' |Mychal Turner | |- |2025 |''Ricky'' |James |Post-production |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] fp72v45cuxhcoquh3lj9lvzd1r6wnmw 0 15508 56308 2026-10-05T17:34:59Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363525723|Erica Peeples]]" 56308 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Erica Peeples''' (o tshotswe ka Motsheganong 22, 1984) ke motshameki wa mo Amerika le motlhami.<ref name="rt">{{Cite web |title=Erica Peeples &#124; Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/erica_peeples |website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> == Botshelo le tiro == Peeples o tsholetswe le go golela kwa [[Mount Clemens]], [[Michigan]]. O ne a tsenela [[Macomb Community College]] le [[Mosaic Youth Theatre of Detroit]] pele a fudugela kwa [[New York City]] go tsenela Juilliard School.<ref name="neki">{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2021 |title=Entertainment reporter Nekia Nichelle Says Erica Peeples Stays True |url=https://nekianichelle.com/erica-peeples-stays-true-to-the-game/ |website=Nekia Nichelle &#124; On-Air TV Talent}}</ref> Moragonyana o ne a tshameka mo dithulaganyong di le mmalwa tsa Off-Broadway le tsa kgaolo, go akaretsa le tsa ga Joe Turner tsa [[Come and Gone]], [[A Raisin in the Sun]] le [[The Piano Lesson]].<ref name="neki" /> O ne a simolola go tlhagelela mo thelebišeneng ka go tlhagelela mo kgaolong ya Molao le Taolo: Maikaelelo a Bosenyi ka 2007, mme morago a nna le seabe se se potlana mo filiming ya metlae, [[Today's Special]] (2009).. Ka ngwaga wa 2017, Peeples o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo ya mosadi ya Gena Rollins mo filiming ya terama ya bosenyi, [[True to the Game]] e e theilweng mo bukeng ya [[Teri Woods]] ya leina le le tshwanang.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Noel |date=September 7, 2017 |title=Review: 'True to the Game' is true to Teri Woods' novel but lacks the game to back it up |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-mini-true-to-the-game-review-20170907-story.html |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bugbee |first=Teo |date=September 7, 2017 |title=Review: The Crime Drama 'True to the Game' Lacks Finesse |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/07/movies/true-to-the-game-review.html |via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> O ne a boeletsa karolo ya gagwe mo go tse di latelang, [[True to the Game 2]] (2020) le [[True to the Game 3]] (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai |first=Ananya |date=June 27, 2023 |title=True To The Game 3 Cast & Character Guide |url=https://screenrant.com/true-to-the-game-3-cast-character-guide/ |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> Ka 2019 o ne a tshameka mo filiming ya metlae ya Fall Girls mme a tlhagelela mo filiming ya tlolomolao, [[Gully]]. Go tloga ka 2020 go fitlha ka 2021 o ne a na le seabe se se boelelang mo motseletseleng wa terama ya CW, [[All American]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=February 6, 2020 |title='All American' Casts Erica Peeples; Miguel Angel Garcia Joins 'Deputy' |url=https://deadline.com/2020/02/all-american-casts-erica-peeples-miguel-angel-garcia-deputy-1202851532/}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2022, Peeples o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo mo filiming ya bokebekwa, Trophy Wife for [[BET+]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Frances |date=April 15, 2022 |title='Trophy Wife' Starring Sean Patrick Thomas, Erica Peeples Set for BET+ |url=https://urbanhollywood411.com/trophy-wife-bet-plus-premiere-date/ |website=Urban Hollywood 411}}</ref> Moragonyana mo ngwageng oo o ne a tshameka mmogo le Tami Roman mo seraleng sa terama sa BET, [[Haus of Vicious]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cordero |first=Rosy |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Tami Roman-Starrer 'Haus Of Vicious' Lands At BET; Premiere Date Set |url=https://deadline.com/2022/08/tami-roman-haus-of-vicious-bet-premiere-date-1235091312/}}</ref> mme a tshameka mo filiming ya metlae ya Holiday, All I Want for Christmas for [[Hulu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='All I Want for Christmas' Hulu Review: Stream It or Skip It? |url=https://decider.com/2022/11/06/all-i-want-for-christmas-on-hulu-stream-it-or-skip-it/}}</ref> Ka 2023, Peeples o ne a tshameka mo difiliming di le thataro: indie thriller Survival, The Pass for [[Peacock]], Deadly Desire for Allblk, Paradies 2 for [[BET+]], the drama Heart for the Holidays for BET+, and the horror film What Lies Under the Tree.[1][2][3][4][5] In 2024, Peeples starred in the science fiction film, Lunar Lockdown for Allblk,[6] and appeared in the action thriller film, Lights Out.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=February 9, 2022 |title=Reem Kherici To Direct And Star In 'Cat And Dog'; Erica Peeples & Juju Chan Szeto Board 'Lights Out' |url=https://deadline.com/2022/02/reem-kherici-directing-cat-and-dog-erica-peeples-joins-lights-out-1234929792/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 16, 2024 |title=Lights Out &#124; Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/lights_out_2024 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> == Difilimi == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2007 |''Fighter'' |A.J. |Short |- | rowspan="2" |2009 |''Today's Special'' |Waitress |- |''Return to the Doghouse'' |Judge #3 |Short |- |2017 |''True to the Game'' |Gena Rollins | |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Fall Girls'' |Lexy | |- |''Gully'' |Mrs. Burnett | |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''Trigger'' |Carmen | |- |''True to the Game 2'' |Gena Rollins | |- | rowspan="3" |2021 |''Hub City'' |Shasta | |- |''Flint Tale'' |Poppy | |- |''True to the Game 3'' |Gena Rollins | |- | rowspan="4" |2022 |''Trophy Wife'' |Toni Carter |TV movie |- |''All I Want for Christmas'' |Mariah | |- |''Men of the House'' |Aurora |Short |- |''When a Man Is Good for You'' |Crystal Love |Short |- | rowspan="7" |2023 |''Life Without Hope: A New Chapter'' |Hope | |- |''The Pass'' |Terra | |- |''Deadly Desire'' |Melody | |- |''Paradies 2'' |Erica |Producer |- |''Heart for the Holidays'' |Rachel Grant | |- |''What Lies Under the Tree'' |Christina | |- |''Survival'' |Vanessa Tubman | |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Lunar Lockdown'' |Danielle | |- |''Lights Out'' |Rachel |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] eglcbek6oknnilrnirv9jl3tfio98r2 56309 56308 2026-10-05T17:38:21Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56309 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Erica Peeples''' (o tshotswe ka Motsheganong 22, 1984) ke motshameki wa mo Amerika le motlhami.<ref name="rt">{{Cite web |title=Erica Peeples &#124; Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/erica_peeples |website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> == Botshelo le tiro == Peeples o tsholetswe le go golela kwa [[Mount Clemens]], [[Michigan]]. O ne a tsenela [[Macomb Community College]] le [[Mosaic Youth Theatre of Detroit]] pele a fudugela kwa [[New York City]] go tsenela Juilliard School.<ref name="neki">{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2021 |title=Entertainment reporter Nekia Nichelle Says Erica Peeples Stays True |url=https://nekianichelle.com/erica-peeples-stays-true-to-the-game/ |website=Nekia Nichelle &#124; On-Air TV Talent}}</ref> Moragonyana o ne a tshameka mo dithulaganyong di le mmalwa tsa Off-Broadway le tsa kgaolo, go akaretsa le tsa ga Joe Turner tsa [[Come and Gone]], [[A Raisin in the Sun]] le [[The Piano Lesson]].<ref name="neki" /> O ne a simolola go tlhagelela mo thelebišeneng ka go tlhagelela mo kgaolong ya Molao le Taolo: Maikaelelo a Bosenyi ka 2007, mme morago a nna le seabe se se potlana mo filiming ya metlae, [[Today's Special]] (2009).. Ka ngwaga wa 2017, Peeples o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo ya mosadi ya Gena Rollins mo filiming ya terama ya bosenyi, [[True to the Game]] e e theilweng mo bukeng ya [[Teri Woods]] ya leina le le tshwanang.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Noel |date=September 7, 2017 |title=Review: 'True to the Game' is true to Teri Woods' novel but lacks the game to back it up |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-mini-true-to-the-game-review-20170907-story.html |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bugbee |first=Teo |date=September 7, 2017 |title=Review: The Crime Drama 'True to the Game' Lacks Finesse |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/07/movies/true-to-the-game-review.html |via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> O ne a boeletsa karolo ya gagwe mo go tse di latelang, [[True to the Game 2]] (2020) le [[True to the Game 3]] (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai |first=Ananya |date=June 27, 2023 |title=True To The Game 3 Cast & Character Guide |url=https://screenrant.com/true-to-the-game-3-cast-character-guide/ |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> Ka 2019 o ne a tshameka mo filiming ya metlae ya Fall Girls mme a tlhagelela mo filiming ya tlolomolao, [[Gully]]. Go tloga ka 2020 go fitlha ka 2021 o ne a na le seabe se se boelelang mo motseletseleng wa terama ya CW, [[All American]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=February 6, 2020 |title='All American' Casts Erica Peeples; Miguel Angel Garcia Joins 'Deputy' |url=https://deadline.com/2020/02/all-american-casts-erica-peeples-miguel-angel-garcia-deputy-1202851532/}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2022, Peeples o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo mo filiming ya bokebekwa, Trophy Wife for [[BET+]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Frances |date=April 15, 2022 |title='Trophy Wife' Starring Sean Patrick Thomas, Erica Peeples Set for BET+ |url=https://urbanhollywood411.com/trophy-wife-bet-plus-premiere-date/ |website=Urban Hollywood 411}}</ref> Moragonyana mo ngwageng oo o ne a tshameka mmogo le Tami Roman mo seraleng sa terama sa BET, [[Haus of Vicious]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cordero |first=Rosy |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Tami Roman-Starrer 'Haus Of Vicious' Lands At BET; Premiere Date Set |url=https://deadline.com/2022/08/tami-roman-haus-of-vicious-bet-premiere-date-1235091312/}}</ref> mme a tshameka mo filiming ya metlae ya Holiday, All I Want for Christmas for [[Hulu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='All I Want for Christmas' Hulu Review: Stream It or Skip It? |url=https://decider.com/2022/11/06/all-i-want-for-christmas-on-hulu-stream-it-or-skip-it/}}</ref> Ka 2023, Peeples o ne a tshameka mo difiliming di le thataro: indie thriller Survival, The Pass for [[Peacock]], Deadly Desire for Allblk, Paradies 2 for [[BET+]], the drama Heart for the Holidays for BET+, and the horror film What Lies Under the Tree.[1][2][3][4][5] In 2024, Peeples starred in the science fiction film, Lunar Lockdown for Allblk,[6] and appeared in the action thriller film, Lights Out.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=February 9, 2022 |title=Reem Kherici To Direct And Star In 'Cat And Dog'; Erica Peeples & Juju Chan Szeto Board 'Lights Out' |url=https://deadline.com/2022/02/reem-kherici-directing-cat-and-dog-erica-peeples-joins-lights-out-1234929792/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 16, 2024 |title=Lights Out &#124; Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/lights_out_2024 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> == Difilimi == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ngwaga !Sethogo !karolo !Dinopolo |- |2007 |''Fighter'' |A.J. |Short |- | rowspan="2" |2009 |''Today's Special'' |Waitress |- |''Return to the Doghouse'' |Judge #3 |Short |- |2017 |''True to the Game'' |Gena Rollins | |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Fall Girls'' |Lexy | |- |''Gully'' |Mrs. Burnett | |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''Trigger'' |Carmen | |- |''True to the Game 2'' |Gena Rollins | |- | rowspan="3" |2021 |''Hub City'' |Shasta | |- |''Flint Tale'' |Poppy | |- |''True to the Game 3'' |Gena Rollins | |- | rowspan="4" |2022 |''Trophy Wife'' |Toni Carter |TV movie |- |''All I Want for Christmas'' |Mariah | |- |''Men of the House'' |Aurora |Short |- |''When a Man Is Good for You'' |Crystal Love |Short |- | rowspan="7" |2023 |''Life Without Hope: A New Chapter'' |Hope | |- |''The Pass'' |Terra | |- |''Deadly Desire'' |Melody | |- |''Paradies 2'' |Erica |Producer |- |''Heart for the Holidays'' |Rachel Grant | |- |''What Lies Under the Tree'' |Christina | |- |''Survival'' |Vanessa Tubman | |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Lunar Lockdown'' |Danielle | |- |''Lights Out'' |Rachel |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 2bw52cdnsoht0iqjopxwqmmnok95z34 56310 56309 2026-10-05T17:42:23Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Erica Peeples | image = | caption = | birth_date = Motsheganong 22, 1984 | birth_place = Mount Clemens,Michigan | nationality = | occupation = Motshameki wa difilimi | known_for = | years_active = 2009-le jaana }}'''Erica Peeples''' (o tshotswe ka Motsheganong 22, 1984) ke motshameki wa mo Amerika le motlhami.<ref name="rt">{{Cite web |title=Erica Peeples &#124; Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/erica_peeples |website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> == Botshelo le tiro == Peeples o tsholetswe le go golela kwa [[Mount Clemens]], [[Michigan]]. O ne a tsenela [[Macomb Community College]] le [[Mosaic Youth Theatre of Detroit]] pele a fudugela kwa [[New York City]] go tsenela Juilliard School.<ref name="neki">{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2021 |title=Entertainment reporter Nekia Nichelle Says Erica Peeples Stays True |url=https://nekianichelle.com/erica-peeples-stays-true-to-the-game/ |website=Nekia Nichelle &#124; On-Air TV Talent}}</ref> Moragonyana o ne a tshameka mo dithulaganyong di le mmalwa tsa Off-Broadway le tsa kgaolo, go akaretsa le tsa ga Joe Turner tsa [[Come and Gone]], [[A Raisin in the Sun]] le [[The Piano Lesson]].<ref name="neki" /> O ne a simolola go tlhagelela mo thelebišeneng ka go tlhagelela mo kgaolong ya Molao le Taolo: Maikaelelo a Bosenyi ka 2007, mme morago a nna le seabe se se potlana mo filiming ya metlae, [[Today's Special]] (2009).. Ka ngwaga wa 2017, Peeples o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo ya mosadi ya Gena Rollins mo filiming ya terama ya bosenyi, [[True to the Game]] e e theilweng mo bukeng ya [[Teri Woods]] ya leina le le tshwanang.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Noel |date=September 7, 2017 |title=Review: 'True to the Game' is true to Teri Woods' novel but lacks the game to back it up |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-mini-true-to-the-game-review-20170907-story.html |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bugbee |first=Teo |date=September 7, 2017 |title=Review: The Crime Drama 'True to the Game' Lacks Finesse |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/07/movies/true-to-the-game-review.html |via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> O ne a boeletsa karolo ya gagwe mo go tse di latelang, [[True to the Game 2]] (2020) le [[True to the Game 3]] (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai |first=Ananya |date=June 27, 2023 |title=True To The Game 3 Cast & Character Guide |url=https://screenrant.com/true-to-the-game-3-cast-character-guide/ |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> Ka 2019 o ne a tshameka mo filiming ya metlae ya Fall Girls mme a tlhagelela mo filiming ya tlolomolao, [[Gully]]. Go tloga ka 2020 go fitlha ka 2021 o ne a na le seabe se se boelelang mo motseletseleng wa terama ya CW, [[All American]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=February 6, 2020 |title='All American' Casts Erica Peeples; Miguel Angel Garcia Joins 'Deputy' |url=https://deadline.com/2020/02/all-american-casts-erica-peeples-miguel-angel-garcia-deputy-1202851532/}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2022, Peeples o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo mo filiming ya bokebekwa, Trophy Wife for [[BET+]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Frances |date=April 15, 2022 |title='Trophy Wife' Starring Sean Patrick Thomas, Erica Peeples Set for BET+ |url=https://urbanhollywood411.com/trophy-wife-bet-plus-premiere-date/ |website=Urban Hollywood 411}}</ref> Moragonyana mo ngwageng oo o ne a tshameka mmogo le Tami Roman mo seraleng sa terama sa BET, [[Haus of Vicious]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cordero |first=Rosy |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Tami Roman-Starrer 'Haus Of Vicious' Lands At BET; Premiere Date Set |url=https://deadline.com/2022/08/tami-roman-haus-of-vicious-bet-premiere-date-1235091312/}}</ref> mme a tshameka mo filiming ya metlae ya Holiday, All I Want for Christmas for [[Hulu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='All I Want for Christmas' Hulu Review: Stream It or Skip It? |url=https://decider.com/2022/11/06/all-i-want-for-christmas-on-hulu-stream-it-or-skip-it/}}</ref> Ka 2023, Peeples o ne a tshameka mo difiliming di le thataro: indie thriller Survival, The Pass for [[Peacock]], Deadly Desire for Allblk, Paradies 2 for [[BET+]], the drama Heart for the Holidays for BET+, le filimi ya What Lies Under the Tree.Ka 2024, Peeples o ne a tshameka mo filiming ya science fiction, Lunar Lockdown for Allblk,mme a tlhagelela mo filiming ya action thriller, Lights Out.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=February 9, 2022 |title=Reem Kherici To Direct And Star In 'Cat And Dog'; Erica Peeples & Juju Chan Szeto Board 'Lights Out' |url=https://deadline.com/2022/02/reem-kherici-directing-cat-and-dog-erica-peeples-joins-lights-out-1234929792/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 16, 2024 |title=Lights Out &#124; Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/lights_out_2024 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> == Difilimi == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ngwaga !Sethogo !karolo !Dinopolo |- |2007 |''Fighter'' |A.J. |Short |- | rowspan="2" |2009 |''Today's Special'' |Waitress |- |''Return to the Doghouse'' |Judge #3 |Short |- |2017 |''True to the Game'' |Gena Rollins | |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Fall Girls'' |Lexy | |- |''Gully'' |Mrs. Burnett | |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''Trigger'' |Carmen | |- |''True to the Game 2'' |Gena Rollins | |- | rowspan="3" |2021 |''Hub City'' |Shasta | |- |''Flint Tale'' |Poppy | |- |''True to the Game 3'' |Gena Rollins | |- | rowspan="4" |2022 |''Trophy Wife'' |Toni Carter |TV movie |- |''All I Want for Christmas'' |Mariah | |- |''Men of the House'' |Aurora |Short |- |''When a Man Is Good for You'' |Crystal Love |Short |- | rowspan="7" |2023 |''Life Without Hope: A New Chapter'' |Hope | |- |''The Pass'' |Terra | |- |''Deadly Desire'' |Melody | |- |''Paradies 2'' |Erica |Producer |- |''Heart for the Holidays'' |Rachel Grant | |- |''What Lies Under the Tree'' |Christina | |- |''Survival'' |Vanessa Tubman | |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Lunar Lockdown'' |Danielle | |- |''Lights Out'' |Rachel |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 1w1x2bnw7jlncl6exu7ma84zdklmzis 0 15509 56311 2026-10-05T17:59:43Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356960223|Iyana Halley]]" 56311 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iyana Halley''' (o tshotswe ka di 27 Ferikgong 1993) ke motshameki wa mo Amerika. O ne a tlhagelela mo difiliming tsa [[True to the Game]] (2017) le tse di latelang, [[If Not Now, When?]] (2019), Dutch (2021), [[Licorice Pizza]] (2021) le [[Beast]] (2022). == Early life, family and education == Halley o belegwe kwa [[Brooklyn]], [[New York City]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2022 |title=Brooklyn's Iyana Halley goes up against a 'Beast' in her new movie |url=https://pix11.com/news/morning/brooklyns-iyana-halley-goes-up-against-a-beast-in-her-new-movie/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=pix11.com}}</ref> == Career == Halley o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ka go tlhagelela mo mananeong a thelebišene a Justice for All le Moatlhodi Cristina Perez, Tosh.0, [[Family Time]] le [[The Mayor]]. O ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo thelebisheneng e kgolo ka filimi ya terama ya [[True to the Game]] (2017) mme moragonyana a boeletsa karolo ya gagwe mo go tse di latelang (2020 le 2021).<ref>{{Cite web |title=True to the Game 2 is now streaming! |url=https://truetothegame2.com/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=True to the Game 2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai |first=Ananya |date=June 27, 2023 |title=True To The Game 3 Cast & Character Guide |url=https://screenrant.com/true-to-the-game-3-cast-character-guide/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> Ka 2018 o ne a tlhagisiwa mo kgaolong ya bofelo ya HBO miniseries [[Sharp Objects]] mme morago a tshameka karolo ya motshameko wa filimi [[If Not Now, When?]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muir |first=Nathaniel |date=September 6, 2018 |title=Iyana Halley of 'Sharp Objects' on her passion for acting, keeping busy, and THAT ending |url=https://aiptcomics.com/2018/09/06/iyana-halley-of-sharp-objects-on-her-passion-for-acting-keeping-busy-and-that-ending/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=aiptcomics.com |publisher=AIPT}}</ref> Ka 2019 o ne a tlhagelela mo miniseries ya I Am the Night mme a tshameka karolo ya HBO anthology series, [[Room 104]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=July 24, 2019 |title='Room 104' Season 3 Gets September Premiere Date On HBO |url=https://deadline.com/2019/07/room-104-season-3-premiere-date-hbo-jay-duplass-mark-duplass-1202652891/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Gape o ne a tlhagelela mo difiliming tsa [[The Hate U Give]] (2018), Nineteen Summers (2019), [[Dutch]] (2021), Between Forever (2021) [[le Licorice Pizza]] (2021) Ka ngwaga wa 2022, Halley o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo mo filiming ya Wayward,<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 14, 2022 |title=Wayward |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/wayward |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> mme a tshameka le [[Idris Elba]] mo filiming ya survival action horror [[Beast]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=June 2, 2021 |title=Idris Elba Universal Thriller 'Beast' Adds Trio, Production Starts In South Africa |url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/idris-elba-beast-sharlto-copley-iyana-halley-leah-sava-jeffries-cast-1234767598/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2022 |title=Iyana Halley Talks Getting Her Big Break In 'Beast' Alongside Idris Elba |url=https://www.essence.com/celebrity/iyana-halley-beast/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Essence}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hollywood's Newest IT Girl, Iyana Halley |url=https://www.theofficialblackmagazine.com/iyana-halley/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=theofficialblackmagazine.com}}</ref> E ne ya amogela dikakgelo tse di farologaneng go ya go tse di siameng go tswa go batshwayadiphoso le go thunya kwa ofising ya mabokoso..<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2022 |title=Beast |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/beast_2022 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Clayton |date=August 17, 2022 |title=Young Black Women Roar in Idris Elba and Will Packer's 'Beast': 'We're Leading a Movie and It's Not Anything Degrading' |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/idris-elba-beast-black-actors-roles-degrading-1235343634/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety.com]]}}</ref> Mo thelebišeneng, o ne a nna le seabe mo terameng ya NBC [[This Is Us]] mme a tshameka mo dikgaolong di le pedi tsa motshameko wa ABC wa [[Abbott Elementary]] jaaka morwadia motho wa ga [[Sheryl Lee Ralph]]. Ka ngwaga wa 2022, o ne a nna moeng mo go [[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]] mme morago a nna le seabe mo go [[Good Trouble]] le [[All American: Homecoming]]. Ka 2023, o ne a tshameka mo BET+ miniseries, Angel, mme o ne a tshameka le [[Garcelle Beauvais]] mo filiming ya thelebišene ya [[Lifetime]] ya Black Girl Missing mo seriting sa setlhogo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2023 |title='Black Girl Missing' dramatizes the toll of missing white woman syndrome |url=https://blackandmissinginc.com/black-girl-missing-dramatizes-the-toll-of-missing-white-woman-syndrome/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=blackandmissinginc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Simon |first=Jordan |title='Black Girl Missing': Garcelle Beauvais To Star In New Lifetime Film That Centers On Treatment Of Missing Black Women |url=https://blavity.com/entertainment/black-girl-missing-garcelle-beauvais-to-star-in-new-lifetime-film-that-centers-on-treatment-of-missing-black-women |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Blavity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rice |first=Lynette |date=January 25, 2023 |title=Garcelle Beauvais To Headline 'Black Girl Missing' For Lifetime in March |url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/garcelle-beauvais-black-girl-missing-lifetime-march-premiere-1235241169/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> Ka 2024 o ne a tshameka e le motshameki wa botlhokwa mo filiming ya film ''One Night Stay''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiseman |first=Zac |last2=Ntim |first2=Andreas |date=January 2, 2024 |title=Stephen Bishop, LeToya Luckett & Iyana Halley Lead BET+ Thriller 'One Night Stay,' First Look Revealed |url=https://deadline.com/2024/01/stephen-bishop-letoya-luckett-iyana-halley-bet-one-night-stay-first-look-1235693656/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> == Difilimi tsa gawe == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Sins of the Father'' |Casey |Short |- |''True to the Game'' |Bria | |- |2018 |''The Hate U Give'' |Bianca | |- | rowspan="4" |2019 |''Skin in the Game'' |Runway | |- |''Best of Life'' |Hope Best |Short |- |''Nineteen Summers'' |Young Porsha | |- |''If Not Now, When?'' |Teenage Patrice | |- | rowspan="3" |2020 |''Numb'' |Tiana |Short |- |''Gone'' |Alli |Short |- |''True to the Game 2'' |Bria | |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |''Black Prom'' |Dahlia |Short |- |''Dutch'' |Sam | |- |''Between Forever'' |Gigi | |- |''Real Talk'' |Theresa | |- |''Licorice Pizza'' |Brenda | |- |''True to the Game 3'' |Bria | |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Wayward'' |Dawn | |- |''Beast'' |Meredith Samuels | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 |''Black Girl Missing'' |Lauren | |- |''Rock the Boat'' |Sommer | |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''One Night Stay'' |Jessica | |- |''Rock the Boat 2'' |Sommer | |- |2025 |''Aftershock: The Nicole P Bell Story'' |Tila |Post-production |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] 4ecwal28pm6qgmymx2vg9vjhtu2bq60 56312 56311 2026-10-05T18:02:46Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Iyana Halley | image = | caption = | birth_date = 27 Ferikgong 1993 | birth_place = Brooklyn, New York City | nationality = | occupation = Motshameki wa difilimi | known_for = | years_active = 2013- le jaana }}'''Iyana Halley''' (o tshotswe ka di 27 Ferikgong 1993) ke motshameki wa mo Amerika. O ne a tlhagelela mo difiliming tsa [[True to the Game]] (2017) le tse di latelang, [[If Not Now, When?]] (2019), Dutch (2021), [[Licorice Pizza]] (2021) le [[Beast]] (2022). == Early life, family and education == Halley o belegwe kwa [[Brooklyn]], [[New York City]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2022 |title=Brooklyn's Iyana Halley goes up against a 'Beast' in her new movie |url=https://pix11.com/news/morning/brooklyns-iyana-halley-goes-up-against-a-beast-in-her-new-movie/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=pix11.com}}</ref> == Career == Halley o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ka go tlhagelela mo mananeong a thelebišene a Justice for All le Moatlhodi Cristina Perez, Tosh.0, [[Family Time]] le [[The Mayor]]. O ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo thelebisheneng e kgolo ka filimi ya terama ya [[True to the Game]] (2017) mme moragonyana a boeletsa karolo ya gagwe mo go tse di latelang (2020 le 2021).<ref>{{Cite web |title=True to the Game 2 is now streaming! |url=https://truetothegame2.com/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=True to the Game 2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai |first=Ananya |date=June 27, 2023 |title=True To The Game 3 Cast & Character Guide |url=https://screenrant.com/true-to-the-game-3-cast-character-guide/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> Ka 2018 o ne a tlhagisiwa mo kgaolong ya bofelo ya HBO miniseries [[Sharp Objects]] mme morago a tshameka karolo ya motshameko wa filimi [[If Not Now, When?]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muir |first=Nathaniel |date=September 6, 2018 |title=Iyana Halley of 'Sharp Objects' on her passion for acting, keeping busy, and THAT ending |url=https://aiptcomics.com/2018/09/06/iyana-halley-of-sharp-objects-on-her-passion-for-acting-keeping-busy-and-that-ending/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=aiptcomics.com |publisher=AIPT}}</ref> Ka 2019 o ne a tlhagelela mo miniseries ya I Am the Night mme a tshameka karolo ya HBO anthology series, [[Room 104]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=July 24, 2019 |title='Room 104' Season 3 Gets September Premiere Date On HBO |url=https://deadline.com/2019/07/room-104-season-3-premiere-date-hbo-jay-duplass-mark-duplass-1202652891/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Gape o ne a tlhagelela mo difiliming tsa [[The Hate U Give]] (2018), Nineteen Summers (2019), [[Dutch]] (2021), Between Forever (2021) [[le Licorice Pizza]] (2021) Ka ngwaga wa 2022, Halley o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo mo filiming ya Wayward,<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 14, 2022 |title=Wayward |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/wayward |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> mme a tshameka le [[Idris Elba]] mo filiming ya survival action horror [[Beast]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=June 2, 2021 |title=Idris Elba Universal Thriller 'Beast' Adds Trio, Production Starts In South Africa |url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/idris-elba-beast-sharlto-copley-iyana-halley-leah-sava-jeffries-cast-1234767598/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2022 |title=Iyana Halley Talks Getting Her Big Break In 'Beast' Alongside Idris Elba |url=https://www.essence.com/celebrity/iyana-halley-beast/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Essence}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hollywood's Newest IT Girl, Iyana Halley |url=https://www.theofficialblackmagazine.com/iyana-halley/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=theofficialblackmagazine.com}}</ref> E ne ya amogela dikakgelo tse di farologaneng go ya go tse di siameng go tswa go batshwayadiphoso le go thunya kwa ofising ya mabokoso..<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2022 |title=Beast |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/beast_2022 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Clayton |date=August 17, 2022 |title=Young Black Women Roar in Idris Elba and Will Packer's 'Beast': 'We're Leading a Movie and It's Not Anything Degrading' |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/idris-elba-beast-black-actors-roles-degrading-1235343634/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety.com]]}}</ref> Mo thelebišeneng, o ne a nna le seabe mo terameng ya NBC [[This Is Us]] mme a tshameka mo dikgaolong di le pedi tsa motshameko wa ABC wa [[Abbott Elementary]] jaaka morwadia motho wa ga [[Sheryl Lee Ralph]]. Ka ngwaga wa 2022, o ne a nna moeng mo go [[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]] mme morago a nna le seabe mo go [[Good Trouble]] le [[All American: Homecoming]]. Ka 2023, o ne a tshameka mo BET+ miniseries, Angel, mme o ne a tshameka le [[Garcelle Beauvais]] mo filiming ya thelebišene ya [[Lifetime]] ya Black Girl Missing mo seriting sa setlhogo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2023 |title='Black Girl Missing' dramatizes the toll of missing white woman syndrome |url=https://blackandmissinginc.com/black-girl-missing-dramatizes-the-toll-of-missing-white-woman-syndrome/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=blackandmissinginc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Simon |first=Jordan |title='Black Girl Missing': Garcelle Beauvais To Star In New Lifetime Film That Centers On Treatment Of Missing Black Women |url=https://blavity.com/entertainment/black-girl-missing-garcelle-beauvais-to-star-in-new-lifetime-film-that-centers-on-treatment-of-missing-black-women |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Blavity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rice |first=Lynette |date=January 25, 2023 |title=Garcelle Beauvais To Headline 'Black Girl Missing' For Lifetime in March |url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/garcelle-beauvais-black-girl-missing-lifetime-march-premiere-1235241169/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> Ka 2024 o ne a tshameka e le motshameki wa botlhokwa mo filiming ya film ''One Night Stay''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiseman |first=Zac |last2=Ntim |first2=Andreas |date=January 2, 2024 |title=Stephen Bishop, LeToya Luckett & Iyana Halley Lead BET+ Thriller 'One Night Stay,' First Look Revealed |url=https://deadline.com/2024/01/stephen-bishop-letoya-luckett-iyana-halley-bet-one-night-stay-first-look-1235693656/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> == Difilimi tsa gawe == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" !Ngwaga !Sethogo !Karolo !Dinopolo |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Sins of the Father'' |Casey |Short |- |''True to the Game'' |Bria | |- |2018 |''The Hate U Give'' |Bianca | |- | rowspan="4" |2019 |''Skin in the Game'' |Runway | |- |''Best of Life'' |Hope Best |Short |- |''Nineteen Summers'' |Young Porsha | |- |''If Not Now, When?'' |Teenage Patrice | |- | rowspan="3" |2020 |''Numb'' |Tiana |Short |- |''Gone'' |Alli |Short |- |''True to the Game 2'' |Bria | |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |''Black Prom'' |Dahlia |Short |- |''Dutch'' |Sam | |- |''Between Forever'' |Gigi | |- |''Real Talk'' |Theresa | |- |''Licorice Pizza'' |Brenda | |- |''True to the Game 3'' |Bria | |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Wayward'' |Dawn | |- |''Beast'' |Meredith Samuels | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 |''Black Girl Missing'' |Lauren | |- |''Rock the Boat'' |Sommer | |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''One Night Stay'' |Jessica | |- |''Rock the Boat 2'' |Sommer | |- |2025 |''Aftershock: The Nicole P Bell Story'' |Tila |Post-production |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] jmquttudos8djn3nk0qolu5ib8j7v97 0 15510 56314 2026-10-05T19:06:33Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376375323|Flora Nwapa]]" 56314 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgosi '''Florence Nwanzuruahu Nkiru Nwapa''' Listen (O tshotswe ka 13 kgwedi ya Hirikgong e le lesome le boraro, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bongwe (1931) – Go fitlha a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le lesome le borataro, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro (1993), e ne e le mokwadi wa Monigeria yo o bidiwang mma Dikwalo tsa Aforika tsa segompieno . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Flora Nwapa: Mother of modern African Literature – DW – 05/15/2020 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/flora-nwapa-nigeria-mother-of-modern-african-literature-african-roots-a-53197517/a-53197517 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref> E ne e le moeteledipele wa kokomana ya bakwadi ba basadi ba Aforika, le mokwadi wa ntlha wa padi wa mosadi wa Aforika go gatisiwa ka puo ya Seesemane kwa Boritane. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anele |first=Uzonna |date=2021-06-04 |title=Flora Nwapa: This Nigerian Was the First African Woman to Publish a Novel in English Language |url=https://talkafricana.com/flora-nwapa-this-nigerian-was-the-first-african-woman-to-publish-a-novel-in-english-language/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=TalkAfricana |language=en-US}}</ref> O ne a amogelwa kwa mafatsheng a mangwe ka padi ya gagwe ya ntlha ''[[:en:Efuru|ya Efuru]] ,'' e e neng ya gatisiwa ke [[:en:Heinemann_Educational_Books|Heinemann Educational Books]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966). <ref>{{Cite book |last=Nwapa |first=Flora |date=1966 |title=Efuru |url=http://archive.org/details/efuru0000nwap |publisher=London : Heinemann |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-435-90026-7}}</ref> Le fa a ne a sa ikaye e le mofeminisi, o ne a itsege thata ka go tlhama botshelo le dingwao sešwa go tswa mo ponong ya mosadi wa Mo-Igbo . E ne e le kgosi ya morafe ka boene, a tshwere sereto sa ''Ogbuefi'' se se neng se le sa banna fela mo gare ga bone. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mears |first=Mary |title=Choice and Discovery: An Analysis of Women and Culture in Flora Nwapa's Fiction |url=http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3098&context=etd |website=Scholar Commons}}</ref> O ne a gatisa dibuka tsa Aforika le go rotloetsa basadi mo setšhabeng sa Aforika. E ne e le mongwe wa bagatisi ba ntlha ba basadi ba Aforika fa a ne a tlhoma '''Tana Press''' kwa Nigeria ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a suap (1970). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matris |first=Henry |date=2026-02-26 |title=Flora Nwapa: The First African Woman to Publish a Novel Internationally |url=https://theaccomplishmagazine.com/flora-nwapa-the-first-african-woman-to-publish-a-novel-internationally/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=theaccomplishmagazine.com}}</ref> Nwapa o ne a dira tiro ya puso ya go aga sešha morago ga [[Ntwa ya selegae ya Nigeria|Ntwa ya Biafran]] ; segolobogolo, o ne a bereka le masiela le batshabi ba ba neng ba fudusiwa ka nako ya ntwa. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Florence Nwapa: The Mother of African Literature|url=https://guardian.ng/life/florence-nwapa-the-mother-of-african-literature/|access-date=2022-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> == Botshelo == === Dingwaga tsa ntlha le thuto === Nwapa o tsholetswe kwa Lefelong la Pusoselegae la Oguta la Naga ya Imo, kwa karolong e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Nigeria, e le yo motona mo baneng ba le barataro ba ga Christopher Ijeoma (moemedi wa Kompone ya United Africa Company) le Martha Nwapa, morutabana wa motshameko. Flora Nwapa o tsene sekolo kwa Oguta, Sekolo se segolwane kwa Elelenwo kwa Obio Akpor LGA ya [[:en:Rivers_State|Rivers State]], borwa jwa Nigeria le Sekolo sa Basetsana sa CMS, kwa lefatsheng la Lagos, se moragonyana se neng sa fudugela kwa Ibadan go kopana le Sekolo sa Basetsana sa Kudeti mme sa bidiwa Sekolo sa St Anne sa Ibadan. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2010-01-29|title=Remembering Flora Nwapa|url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-flora-nwapa/|access-date=2026-03-11|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le boraro (1953), fa a ne a le dingwaga di le masome a mabedi le bobedi, o ne a tsena sekolo se setona mme ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bosupa (1957), fa a le dingwaga di le masome a mabedi le borataro, o ne a bona dikirii ya BA kwa sekolong se setona kwa Ibadan kwa Oyo State, kwa borwabophirima jwa Nigeria. Morago ga moo o ne a ya kwa Scotland, kwa a neng a bona Dipoloma ya Thuto kwa sekolong se setona sa Edinburgh ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabobedi (1958). === Botshelo jwa lelwapa === Flora Nwapa o ne a na le bana ba le bararo: Ejine Nzeribe (go tswa mo botsalanong jwa gagwe jwa pele), Uzoma Gogo Nwakuche le Amede Nzeribe. O ne a nyetswe ke Kgosi Gogo Nwakuche. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-13 |title=Flora Nwapa: Mother of Modern African Literature |url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/flora-nwapa/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |language=en}}</ref> Malomeagwe, AC Nwapa, e ne e le Tona ya ntlha ya Kgwebo le Madirelo kwa Nigeria, go ya ka ''The House of Nwapa'', e leng filimi e e kwadilweng ke Onyeka Nwelue . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinbode |first=Ayomide |date=2019-01-13 |title=Flora Nwapa: Mother of Modern African Literature |url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/flora-nwapa/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> Nwapa ke ntsalae mokwadi wa kwa Nigeria e bong Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kentake |first=Meserette |date=2015-05-04 |title=Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani |url=https://kentakepage.com/adaobi-tricia-nwaubani/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=Kentake Page |language=en-US}}</ref> === Go ruta le go direla sechaba === Fa a sena go boela kwa Nigeria, Nwapa o ne a tsenela Lephata la Thuto kwa Calabar e le Modiredi wa Thuto go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe (1959). Morago ga moo o ne a simolola go nna morutabana kwa Sekolong sa Queen's kwa Enugu, koo a neng a ruta Seesemane le Thutafatshe teng go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe (1959) go ya ko ngwageng wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bobedi (1962) . O ne a tswelela go dira mo thutong le mo bodirelapusong mo maemong a le mmalwa, go akaretsa le go nna Mothusa Mokwadisi, kwa sekolong se setona sa Lagos (1962–1967). Morago ga [[Ntwa ya selegae ya Nigeria|Ntwa ya Selegae ya Nigeria]] ya 1967–1970, o ne a amogela ofisi ya kabinete jaaka Tona ya Boitekanelo le Boitekanelo jwa Loago kwa East Central State (1970–71), mme morago ga moo a nna Tona ya Mafatshe, Dipatlisiso le Tlhabololo ya Ditoropo (1971–74). E ne e le motlhatlheledi yo o etileng kwa sekolong sa [[:en:Alvan_Ikoku_Federal_College_of_Education|Alvan Ikoku Federal Colege of Education]] kwa [[:en:Owerri|Owerri]], kwa Nigeria . Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989), o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moitsaanape yo o etileng wa bokwadi jwa boitlhamedi kwa sekong se setona sa [[:en:University_of_Maiduguri|University of Miduguri]] . <ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-12-04|title=Flora Nwapa's sweet remembrance at UNIMAID|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/flora-nwapas-sweet-remembrance-unimaid/|access-date=2022-05-22|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Go kwala le go gatisa === Buka ya ntlha ya ga Nwapa, [[:en:Efuru|''Efuru'']], e ne ya gatisiwa ka ngwaga wa 1966 fa a ne a le dingwaga di le masome a mararo , mme e tsewa e le tiro ya bobulatsela jaaka padi ya Puo ya Seesemane e e kwadilweng ke mokwadi wa mosadi wa Moaforika. O ne a romela mokwadi wa kwa lefatsheng la Nigeria e bong Chinua Achebe kgatiso ya ditiro ya gagwe ka ngwaga wa 1962, yo o neng a mo araba ka lekwalo le le molemo thata mme a ba a akaretsa madi a go romela mokwalo ono kwa mogatising wa Moesemane, e bong Heinemann. Nwapa o ne a latela ''Efuru'' ka dipadi tse di tshwana ''Idu'' ( 1970 ), N''ever Again'' ( 1975 ) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Nwapa |first=Flora |date=1992 |title=Never again |url=http://archive.org/details/neveragain0000nwap |publisher=Trenton, N.J. : Africa World Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-86543-319-9}}</ref>,One is Enough ( 1981 ) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Nwapa |first=Flora |date=1992 |title=One is enough |url=http://archive.org/details/oneisenough0000nwap |publisher=Trenton, N.J. : Africa World Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-86543-322-9}}</ref>, le ''Women are Different'' ( 1986 ) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Omijie |first=Othniel |date=2024-02-29 |title=Summary of Flora Nwapa’s “Women are Different” |url=https://www.literaturepadi.com.ng/2024/02/29/summary-of-flora-nwapas-women-are-different/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=Literature PADI |language=en-GB}}</ref> . O gatisitse dikokoanyo di le pedi tsa dikgang – ''Se ke Lagos'' ( 1971 ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=This Is Lagos And Other Stories by Nwapa, Flora: (1971) First Edition. {{!}} James M Pickard, ABA, ILAB, PBFA. |url=https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/Lagos-Stories-Nwapa-Flora/31718045608/bd |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=www.abebooks.com |language=en}}</ref> le ''Basadi ba ba mo Ntweng'' ( 1980 ) <ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-07-10|title=Flora Nwapa’s 1980 story collection ‘Wives At War’ set to be adapted into films|url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/flora-nwapas-1980-story-collection-wives-at-war-set-to-be-adapted-into-films/|access-date=2026-03-11|newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}</ref> – le bolumo ya maboko, ''Pina ya Manioko le Pina ya Raese'' (1986). Gape ke mokwadi wa dibuka di le mmalwa tsa bana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=ThriftBooks |title=Flora Nwapa Books {{!}} List of books by author Flora Nwapa |url=https://www.thriftbooks.com/a/flora-nwapa/274450/ |access-date=2021-04-27 |website=ThriftBooks |language=en}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1974, o ne a tlhoma Tana Press, mme ka ngwaga wa 1977 a tlhoma kompone ya Flora Nwapa Company, a gatisa dibuka tsa gagwe tsa bagolo le tsa bana mmogo le dibuka tsa bakwadi ba bangwe. O ne a ntsha jaaka nngwe ya maikaelelo a gagwe: "go itsise le go ruta basadi lefatshe ka bophara, segolobogolo Basadi (ka bobedi ka tlhakakgolo F le f e nnye) ka ga seabe sa basadi kwa lefatsheng la Nigeria, boipuso jwa bone jwa itsholelo, botsalono jwa bone le banna ba bone le bana ba bone, ditumelo tsa bone tsa setso le maemo a bone mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso". Tana e tlhalositswe jaaka "bobegadikgang jwa ntlha jo bo tsamaisiwang ke mosadi mme bo lebisitswe mo bareetsing ba le bantsi ba basadi. Tiro e e neng e feta kgakala nako ya yone ka nako ya fa go ne go se ope yo o neng a bona basadi ba Aforika e le ba ba bopang setšhaba sa babadi kgotsa batho ba ba rekang dibuka." Kwa tshimologong ya tiro ya ga Nwapa ya dikwalo, ka ntlha ya tsela e bomme bo neng bo lejwa ka yona le ka fa bo neng bo tlhagisiwa ka teng, o ne a sena kgatlhego mo bommeng ka gonne o ne a ikutlwa gore bo tlhaola banna, fela o ne a feleletsa a dumalana le jone. Le fa go ntse jalo, tshotego ya gagwe le bomme e emela dipuisano tsa ga gompieno ka ga mokgatlho mo Aforika le lefatshe ka kakaretso. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://venturesafrica.com/celebrating-flora-nwapa/|title=Everything about Flora Nwapa screamed 'feminist', everything but her own words - Ventures Africa|first=David I.|last=Adeleke|date=2017-01-13|work=Ventures Africa|access-date=2018-05-24|language=en-US}}</ref> Tiro ya gagwe e ne ya tlhagelela mo dikgatisong go simolola ka dikoranta tsa [[:en:Présence_Africaine|''Présence Africaine'']] le ''[[:en:Black_Orpheus_(magazine)|Black Orpheus]]'', ka bo ngwaga wa 1960 le bo ngwaga wa 1970, go ya go dibuka tsa ngwaga wa 1992 ''tsa [[:en:Daughters_of_Africa|Daughters of Africa]]'', tse di rulagantsweng ke Margaret Busby . === Dingwaga tsa pele === Tiro ya ga Nwapa ya go ruta e ne ya tswelela botshelo jwa gagwe jotlhe mme e ne ya akaretsa go ruta kwa dikholetšheng le kwa diyunibesithing tsa boditšhabatšhaba, go akaretsa le kwa Yunibesithing ya New York, kwa Kholetšheng ya Trinity, kwa Yunibesithing ya Minnesota, kwa Yunibesithing ya Michigan le kwa Yunibesithing ya Ilorin . O ne a bolela jaana mo potsolotsong le ''Contemporary Authors'' : "Ke ntse ke kwala dingwaga di ka nna masome a mararo. kgatlhego yame ne ele mo basading ba mo magaeng le mo toropong mo go batleng ga gagwe go tshela mo lefatsheng le le fetogang ka bonako le le laolwang ke banna." Flora Nwapa o tlhokafetse ka ntlha ya nyumonia ka kgwedi ya Diphalane e le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa 1993 kwa bookelong kwa Enugu, kwa Nigeria, a le dingwaga di le masome a marataro le bobedi . Padi ya gagwe ya bofelo, ''The Lake Goddess'', e ne ya gatisiwa morago ga loso lwa gagwe. == Lenaane la dibuka le le tlhophilweng == ; Dipadi ** ''[[:en:Efuru|Efuru]]'', Heinemann Educational Books, 1966; Waveland Press, 2013, {{ISBN|9781478613275}} ** ''[[:en:Idu_(novel)|Idu]]'', Heinemann [[:en:African_Writers_Series|African Writers Series]], No. 56, {{ISBN|0-435-90056-0}}; 1970 ** ''Never Again'', Enugu: Tana Press, 1975; Nwamife, 1976; [[:en:Africa_World_Press|Africa World Press]], 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433182}} ** ''One Is Enough'', Enugu: Flora Nwapa Co., 1981; Tana Press, 1984; Africa World Press, 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433229}} ** ''Women are Different'', Enugu: Tana Press, 1986; Africa World Press, 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433267}} ** ''The Lake Goddess'', Lawrenceville, NJ: Africa World Press, 1995<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fable {{!}} Stories for everyone |url=https://fable.co/book/lake-goddess-by-nwapa-flora-9781098323851 |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=fable.co}}</ref> * ; Dipolelo /maboko ** ''This Is Lagos and Other Stories'', Enugu: Nwamife, 1971; Africa World Press, 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433212}} ** ''Wives at War and Other Stories'', Enugu: Nwamife, 1980; Flora Nwapa Co./Tana Press, 1984; Africa World Press, 1992, {{ISBN|9780865433281}} ** ''Cassava Song and Rice Song'', Enugu: Tana Press, 1986<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nwapa |first=Flora |date=1986 |title=Cassava Song & Rice Song |url=https://books.google.com.ng/books/about/Cassava_Song_Rice_Song.html?id=byvQAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y |publisher=Tana Press |language=en}}</ref> * ; Dibuka tsa bana ** ''Emeka, Driver's Guard'', London: University of London Press, 1972; Enugu: Flora Nwapa Company, 1987<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nwapa |first=Flora |date=1972 |title=Emeka - driver's guard |url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL5477697M/Emeka_-_driver's_guard |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-0-340-15987-3 |location=London}}</ref> ** ''Mammywater'', 1979; Enugu: Flora Nwapa Company, 1984<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jell-Bahlsen |first=Sabine |date=1995 |title=The Concept of Mammywater in Flora Nwapa's Novels |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3820269 |journal=Research in African Literatures |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=30–41 |issn=0034-5210}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nwapa |first=Flora |date=1979 |title=Mammywater |url=https://books.google.com.ng/books/about/Mammywater.html?id=2l9SHAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y |publisher=F. Nwapa & Company |language=en}}</ref> ** ''The Adventures of Deke'', Enugu: Flora Nwapa Co., 1980 ** ''The Miracle Kittens'', Enugu: Flora Nwapa Company, 1980 ** ''Journey to Space'', Enugu: Flora Nwapa Company, 1980 == Boswa == Flora Nwapa ke setlhogo sa filimi e e bidiwang ''The House of Nwapa'', e e dirilweng ke Onyeka Nwelue, e e bontshitsweng la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2016. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e le lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2017, letsatsi la matsalo la ga Nwapa le ne la tshwaiwa ka Google Doodle . Morwa wa ga Nwapa, Uzoma Gogo Nwakuche, o ne a tlhoma Mokgatlho wa Flora Nwapa, e leng koporasi e e sa direng dipoelo kwa California, ka 1994 morago ga loso lwa ga mmaagwe ka ngwaga wa1993. Mokgatlho wa Flora Nwapa o ne wa keteka Efuru@50 ka ngwaga wa 2016. == Bona gape == * [[Buchi Emecheta]] * Margaret Busby == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] c798ufpvg95oth12n4kzmra6du6ntg7 0 15511 56317 2026-10-05T21:30:25Z JudithShe 9421 Ke simolotse thanolo ya tsebe ya ga Marva Collins #BLT2026 56317 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marva Delores Collins''' (o a neng a fana ka Knight pele ga lonyalo; o o tshotsweng ka Phatwe a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mararo le borataro - a tlhokafala ka Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano) e ne e le morutabana wa mo Amerika. Collins o itsege thata ka go tlhama Westside Preparatory School, sekolose sepotlana se se ikemetseng mme se tlotlomaditswe thatakwa Garfield Park mo tikologong ya Chicago, Illinois, se se butsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano.<ref>Briscoe, Tony (28 June 2015). "[https://www.chicagotribune.com/2015/06/25/marva-collins-renowned-educator-dies-at-78/ Marva Collins, Renowned Educator, Dies at 78".] ''[[:en:Chicago_Tribune|Chicago Tribune]]''. Retrieved 05 October 2026</ref><ref>Roberts, Sam (28 June 2015). "[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/29/us/marva-collins-78-no-nonsense-educator-and-activist-dies.html Marva Collins, Educator Who Aimed High for Poor, Black Students, Dies at 78". ''T''][[:en:The_New_York_Times|''he New York Times''.]] Retrieved 05 October 2026</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Collins o tsholetswe kwa Monroeville, kwa Alabama, rraagwe e le Henry Knight, mogwebi o a neng a na le mmoshara gape a bereka ka dikgomo, mmaagwe e le Bessie Knight (o a neng a fana ka Nettles pele). O goletse kwa Atmore, kwa Alabama, toropo gaufi le Mobile, Alabama, ka nako ya tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala kwa borwa jwa Amerika. Fa a le mmotlana, Collins o ne a tsena sekolo se sebotlana se se gagamaditseng molao kwasekolong sa kamore e le nngwekwa Atmore, maitemogelo a a tlhotlheleditseng botshelo jwa gagwe morago. O alogile go tswa kwa Clark College (kwa go itseng ka leina la Clark Atlanta University ka jaana) kwa Atlanta, Georgia. == Tiro == Collins o rutile modikolong sebaka sa dingwaga di le pedi kwa Alabama, a tloga a fudugela kwa Chicago ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le borobabongwe, kwa a neng a ruta e le morutabana wa tlaleletso kwa tsamaisong ya dikolo tsa puso kwa Chicago dingwaga di le lesome le bone. === Sekolo se sebotlana sa Westside === A gakgamaditswe ke seelo se se kwa tlase sa thuto se baithuti bangwe ba neng ba se itemogela kwa mafelong mangwe, Collins o ne tsaya madi a a kanang ka di dolara di le dikete di le tlhano (di dolara di le dikete di le masome mabedi le botlhano, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome mo mading a ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le motso) mo letloleng la gagwe la go ithola tiro a simolola sekolo se e seng sa puso kwa godimo mo tikologong ya West Garfield Park kwa a neng a nna teng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano. Sekolo se ase simolotseng se ne se bidiwa Westside Preparatory School. Westside Prep e ne ya nna sekolo se se atlegileng mo thutong le mo kgwebong. Collins o ne a tlhama sekolo sa gagwe sa madi a a seng kalo ka maikaelelo a go ruta bana ba bantsho ba ba tswang mo malwapeng a itsholelo e e kwa tlase ba Collins a neng a dumela gore tsamaiso ya thuto ya puso ya Chicago e ne e ba kaya fa ba na le bokoa jwa go ithuta. Collins o ne a re o na le dipalo tse di supang gore baithuti ba gagwe ba a rutega ebile ba kgona go emelela dikgwetlho tsa go ithuta ka methale e e farologaneng ya go ruta ga gagwe, mo a neng a re go emisa dikgwetlho tsa maitsholo ebile go letla bana go atlega. Sekolo sa kamore e le nngwe sathuto ya gagwe se ne se tlhotlheletsa methale ya gagwe. Kwa lwapeng rraagwe o ne a mo fa tiro ya kwa gae mo a dumelang go bopile bopelokgale jwa gagwe ebile go dirile gore a ikutlwe a na le maikarabelo. O ne a dumela gore nako e e tsewang le baithuti e botlhokwa thata go gaisa dintlha tse di reediwang kgotsa di lebelelwa mo sekgaleng. Collins le morwadie ba ne ba okametse sekolo dingwaga di feta masome a mararo go fitlhelela se tswalwa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya baithuti ba ba kwadisiwang le madi. == Bobega dikgang == Collins o ne a itsege thata ka ntlha ya filimi ya gagwe ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le motso e e neng e ikaegiole ka tiro ya botshelo jwa gagwe e bidiwa The Marva Collins Story, baanelwa bagolo e le Cicely Tyson le Morgan Freeman. O ne a tlhagelela gape mo tsebeng ya dikgang mo 60 Minutes ya CBS. Cicely Tyson, o a neng a tshameka Collins mo filiming eo, o ne a re o nnile le Collins ka sebaka go batlisisa ka seabe se a se tshamekang. Karolwana ya 60 Minutes e ne e rotloeditswe ke tsebe ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa e e kwadilweng ke mmega dikgang wa Chicago Sun-Times Zay N. Smith ka Collins le Westside Prep. === Kevin Ross === Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi, motshameki wa basketball wa dingwaga di le masome mabedi le boraro wa kwa Creighton University o ne a ya go goroga kwa ngwageng wa bofelo wa sekolo sesegolwane a sa kgone go bala. Ka thuso ya madi a Creighton, Ross o ne a ikwadisa mo ngwageng ya bosupa kwa Westside Prep. Ka go rutuntshiwa a le mongweke Collins, Ross o ne a ithuta go bala a aloga ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le boraro. Ross o ne a nna le bothata le go tsweledisa thuto ya gagwe, mme fa a nna le dikgwetlho tse ditona, Collins o ne a na le seabe se setona mo go mo thuseng. == Tse di senogileng ka tiro ya gagwe == Ka ntlha ya katlego ya methale ya gagwe ya go ruta, go ne ga begiwa fa tautona Ronald Reagan a ne a batla go tlhopha Collins mo maemong a mokwaledi wa thuto wa kwa United States, mme Collins o ne a emela kgakala le go emela maemo ao. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le boraro, Regan o ne a inola Collins ka nako ya fa go upololwa lenaneo la lefatshe la go emisa go tlhoka go itse go bala ga bagolo. O ne a kopiwa ke tautona George Bush go nna mokwaledi wa thuto, mme o ne a gana a supa fa a rata go ruta moithuti a le mongwe ka nako. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bone, Prince o ne a akaretsa Collins mo setshwantshong sa motshikhinyego sa pina ya gagwe ya "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World." O ne a abela sekolo sa Westside Preparatory School Teacher Training Institute se se neng se tlhametswe go ruta mothale waga Collins madi a di dolara di le dikete di le makgolo a matlhano. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro, Collins o ne a thapiwa go okamela dikolo tsa Chicago tsa pusodile tharo tse di neng di gomagomediwa ke go tswalwa. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, Collins o ne a amogela seetsele sa National Humanities,gareng ga dietseletse dingwe di le dintsi tsa go rutale maiteko a go fetola sekolo. Ka ngwaga wa sekolo wa dikete pedi le boraro go tse;na le bosupa, sekolo sa ga Collins se ne se lopa dikete di le tlhano le makgolo a matlhano go rutintshiwa, batsadi ba ne bare sekolo se dira tiro e e botoka go gaisa tsamaiso ya dikolo tsa puso kwa Chicago, e e neng e lopa dikete di le lesome le motso makgolo a mararo ngwana mongwe le mongwe. Baokamedi ba ne ba ngongoregela gore ga go a lekana. == Methale ya go ruta le go kgala == Collins o ne a itsege ka go dirisa thuto ya tlwaelo, bogolo jang ya go botsolosa le go buisana le moithuti go fitlhelela a wela, e fotoletswe tiriso mo dikolong tse dipotlana, e e neng ya atlega mo baithuting ba ba kwa tlase. Collins o ne a kgala thuto ya baithuti, eseng baithuti. O ne a kwala ditshupetso di le mmalwa, dibuka le tse di rotloetsang a tlhalosa ditso tsa gagwe le methale. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi le mo ditsebeng tse di latelang morago ga eo, Collins o kgadilwe ke George N. Schmidt go tswa kwa Substance News, o a reng tiro ya ga Collins e ne e le tsietso. Collins o ne a ganetsa tsietso epe. Ka nako eo, Collins o ne a na le baema nokeng le baganetsi. == Botshelo jwa gagwe le loso == Collins o ne a nyetswe ke Clarence Collins go tswa ka Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro go fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le botlhano. Mmogo, ba ne ba na lebana ba bararo. Collins o tlhokafetse ka Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano kwa Beaufort County, South Carolina, a le dingwaga di le masome a supa le borobabobedi, a le mo tlhokomelong ya bongaka. == Tiro le kgatiso == === Dikwalo === * Collins, Marva, Bert Kruger Smith, le Charlene Warren. Puisano le Marva Collins: A different School go tswa mo The Human Condition, Austin, Tex: Hogg Foundation for Mental Health, University of Texas, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi. == Metswedi == inffatejyjb2n7jfvf3poj8kv9mscu3 56318 56317 2026-10-06T07:37:59Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo, ke tsentse metswedi le infobox ya tsebe ya ga Marva Collins #BLT2026 56318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Marva Collins|image=National Medal of Humanities Recipient Marva Collins in the Oval Office (cropped).jpg|caption=Collins ka ngwaga wa 2004|birth_date=Phatwe a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa 1936|birth_name=Marva Delores Knight|birth_place=Monroeville, Alabama, U.S|death_date=Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 2015|death_place=Beaufort County, South Carolina, U.S|other names=Marva King|education=Clark Atlanta University|occupation=Morutabana|years active=Go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1957 go tsena wa 2008|known for=Go tlhama sekolo sa Westside Preparatory kwa Chicago, Garfield Park ka ngwaga wa 1975|spouse=Clarence Collins (ba nyalane ka ngwaga wa 1960; a tlhokafala ka 1995)|children=ba bararo}} '''Marva Delores Collins''' (o a neng a fana ka Knight pele ga lonyalo; o o tshotsweng ka Phatwe a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mararo le borataro - a tlhokafala ka Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano) e ne e le morutabana wa mo Amerika. Collins o itsege thata ka go tlhama Westside Preparatory School, sekolo se sepotlana se se ikemetseng mme se tlotlomaditswe thatakwa Garfield Park mo tikologong ya Chicago, Illinois, se se butsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano.<ref name=":1">Briscoe, Tony (28 June 2015). "[https://www.chicagotribune.com/2015/06/25/marva-collins-renowned-educator-dies-at-78/ Marva Collins, Renowned Educator, Dies at 78".] ''[[:en:Chicago_Tribune|Chicago Tribune]]''. Retrieved 05 October 2026</ref><ref name=":2">Roberts, Sam (28 June 2015). "[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/29/us/marva-collins-78-no-nonsense-educator-and-activist-dies.html Marva Collins, Educator Who Aimed High for Poor, Black Students, Dies at 78". ''T''][[:en:The_New_York_Times|''he New York Times''.]] Retrieved 05 October 2026</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Collins o tsholetswe kwa Monroeville, kwa Alabama, rraagwe e le Henry Knight, mogwebi o a neng a na le mmoshara gape a bereka ka dikgomo, mmaagwe e le Bessie Knight (o a neng a fana ka Nettles pele). O goletse kwa Atmore, kwa Alabama, toropo gaufi le Mobile, Alabama, ka nako ya tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala kwa borwa jwa Amerika.<ref name=":2" /> Fa a le mmotlana, Collins o ne a tsena sekolo se sebotlana se se gagamaditseng molao kwasekolong sa kamore e le nngwekwa Atmore, maitemogelo a a tlhotlheleditseng botshelo jwa gagwe morago.<ref name=":3">Kellett, Susie (11 December 1978). [https://people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20072400,00.html "For the Kids' Sake, Marva Collins Resurrects the One-Room School House—in a Chicago Ghetto".] ''People''. Vol.&nbsp;10, no.&nbsp;24. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> O alogile go tswa kwa Clark College (kwa go itseng ka leina la Clark Atlanta University ka jaana) kwa Atlanta, Georgia.<ref name=":1" /> [[Setshwantsho:President George W. Bush and Mrs. Laura Bush with National Medal of Humanities Recipient Marva Collins in the Oval Office.jpg|thumb|Collins le tautona George W. Bush le mohumagadi wa gagwe Laura Bush ka 2004]] == Tiro == Collins o rutile modikolong sebaka sa dingwaga di le pedi kwa Alabama, a tloga a fudugela kwa Chicago ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le borobabongwe, kwa a neng a ruta e le morutabana wa tlaleletso kwa tsamaisong ya dikolo tsa puso kwa Chicago dingwaga di le lesome le bone.<ref>Matthews, Michelle (29 June 2015). [https://www.al.com/news/mobile/index.ssf/2015/06/acclaimed_educator_marva_colli.html "1 comment Acclaimed educator Marva Collins, a native of Monroeville, dies at 78".] ''AL.com''. Alabama Media Group. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> === Sekolo se sebotlana sa Westside === A gakgamaditswe ke seelo se se kwa tlase sa thuto se baithuti bangwe ba neng ba se itemogela kwa mafelong mangwe, Collins o ne tsaya madi a a kanang ka di dolara di le dikete di le tlhano (di dolara di le dikete di le masome mabedi le botlhano, makgolo a robabongwe le lesome mo mading a ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le motso<ref>[https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/ U.S. Inflation Calculator]</ref>) mo letloleng la gagwe la go ithola tiro a simolola sekolo se e seng sa puso kwa godimo mo tikologong ya West Garfield Park kwa a neng a nna teng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le botlhano.<ref name=":3" /> Sekolo se a se simolotseng se ne se bidiwa Westside Preparatory School. Westside Prep e ne ya nna sekolo se se atlegileng mo thutong le mo kgwebong.<ref name=":4">Jordan, Karen (5 June 2008). [https://abc7chicago.com/archive/6188122/ "Marva Collins School to Close".] ''WLS-TV Chicago''. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> Collins o ne a tlhama sekolo sa gagwe sa madi a a seng kalo ka maikaelelo a go ruta bana ba bantsho ba ba tswang mo malwapeng a itsholelo e e kwa tlase ba Collins a neng a dumela gore tsamaiso ya thuto ya puso ya Chicago e ne e ba kaya fa ba na le bokoa jwa go ithuta.<ref name=":5">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723015431/http://www.marvacollins.com/pdf/marva_bio.pdf "Marva Collins - Biography"] (PDF). ''Marva Collins''. 2011. Archived from [https://marvacollins.com/pdf/marva_bio.pdf the original] (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> Collins o ne a re o na le dipalo tse di supang gore baithuti ba gagwe ba a rutega ebile ba kgona go emelela dikgwetlho tsa go ithuta ka methale e e farologaneng ya go ruta ga gagwe, mo a neng a re go emisa dikgwetlho tsa maitsholo ebile go letla bana go atlega.<ref>Collins, Marva. [https://web.archive.org/web/20050205060910/http://www.edocere.org/articles/marva_collins.htm "Excerpts from Ordinary Children, Extraordinary Teachers and Marva Collins' Way".] ''EDOCERE''. [[:en:Society_of_Saint_Pius_X|Society of Saint Pius X]]. Archived from [https://edocere.org/articles/marva_collins.htm the original] on 5 February 2005. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> Sekolo sa kamore e le nngwe sathuto ya gagwe se ne se tlhotlheletsa methale ya gagwe. Kwa lwapeng rraagwe o ne a mo fa tiro ya kwa gae mo a dumelang go bopile bopelokgale jwa gagwe ebile go dirile gore a ikutlwe a na le maikarabelo. O ne a dumela gore nako e e tsewang le baithuti e botlhokwa thata go gaisa dintlha tse di reediwang kgotsa di lebelelwa mo sekgaleng.<ref>[https://www.biography.com/people/marva-collins-5894 "Marva Collins Biography".] ''Biography.com''. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> Collins le morwadie ba ne ba okametse sekolo dingwaga di feta masome a mararo go fitlhelela se tswalwa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya baithuti ba ba kwadisiwang le madi.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> == Bobega dikgang == Collins o ne a itsege thata ka ntlha ya filimi ya gagwe ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le motso e e neng e ikaegiole ka tiro ya botshelo jwa gagwe e bidiwa The Marva Collins Story, baanelwa bagolo e le Cicely Tyson le Morgan Freeman.<ref>{{IMDb title|id=0082719|title=The Marva Collins Story}}</ref><ref>O'Connor, John J. (1 December 1981). [https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/01/arts/tv-marva-collins-unusual-teacher.html "TV: Marva Collins, Unusual Teacher".] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> O ne a tlhagelela gape mo tsebeng ya dikgang mo 60 Minutes ya CBS. Cicely Tyson, o a neng a tshameka Collins mo filiming eo, o ne a re o nnile le Collins ka sebaka go batlisisa ka seabe se a se tshamekang.<ref>Fraser, C. Gerald (29 November 1981). [https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/29/arts/television-week-111191.html "Television Week: Dedication"]. [[:en:The_New_York_Times|''The New York Times''.]] Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> Karolwana ya 60 Minutes e ne e rotloeditswe ke tsebe ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa e e kwadilweng ke mmega dikgang wa Chicago Sun-Times Zay N. Smith ka Collins le Westside Prep.<ref>Dudek, Mitch (25 June 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150701012755/http://chicago.suntimes.com/news/7/71/722381/marva-collins-natural-force-inner-city-education-dies-78 "Marva Collins, 'a natural force' in inner city education, dies at 78".] ''[[:en:Chicago_Sun-Times|Chicago Sun-Times]]''. Archived from [https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/7/71/722381/marva-collins-natural-force-inner-city-education-dies-78 the original] on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> === Kevin Ross === Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi, motshameki wa basketball wa dingwaga di le masome mabedi le boraro wa kwa Creighton University o ne a ya go goroga kwa ngwageng wa bofelo wa sekolo sesegolwane a sa kgone go bala.<ref>Lassiter, Jim (9 June 1983)[https://www.oklahoman.com/ . "For Kevin Ross, There Is More to Learn".] ''The Oklahoman''. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> Ka thuso ya madi a Creighton, Ross o ne a ikwadisa mo ngwageng ya bosupa kwa Westside Prep. Ka go rutuntshiwa a le mongweke Collins, Ross o ne a ithuta go bala a aloga ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le boraro.<ref>Ley, Bob; Salters, Lisa (17 March 2002). [https://www.espn.com/page2/tvlistings/show103transcript.html "Outside the Lines: Unable To Read".] ''ESPN''. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> <ref>Curry, Jack (30 January 1990). [https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/30/sports/suing-for-2d-chance-to-start-over.html "Suing for 2d Chance To Start Over".] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref>Ross o ne a nna le bothata le go tsweledisa thuto ya gagwe, mme fa a nna le dikgwetlho tse ditona, Collins o ne a na le seabe se setona mo go mo thuseng.<ref>Wattley, Philip (24 July 1987). [https://www.chicagotribune.com/1987/07/24/cops-subdue-ex-basketball-player-kevin-ross-in-hotel-rampage/ "Cops Subdue Ex-basketball Player Kevin Ross In Hotel Rampage".] ''Chicago Tribune''. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> == Tse di senogileng ka tiro ya gagwe == Ka ntlha ya katlego ya methale ya gagwe ya go ruta, go ne ga begiwa fa tautona Ronald Reagan a ne a batla go tlhopha Collins mo maemong a mokwaledi wa thuto wa kwa United States,<ref name=":4" /><ref>Smith, Hedrick (18 December 1980). [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1980/12/19/111323940.html?pageNumber=43 "Chicago Principal Weighed for Cabinet"] (PDF). ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]''. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> mme Collins o ne a emela kgakala le go emela maemo ao.<ref>Associated Press (21 December 1980). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=v_UhAAAAIBAJ&pg=2863%2C4970 "Elizabeth Dole Is Appointed Liaison Assistant by Reagan".] ''Reading Eagle''. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref><ref>Hunter, Marjorie (21 December 1980). [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1980/12/21/111325510.html?pageNumber=33 "Mrs. Dole is Named Assistant to Reagan"] (PDF). ''The New York Times''. United Press International. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le boraro, Regan o ne a inola Collins ka nako ya fa go upololwa lenaneo la lefatshe la go emisa go tlhoka go itse go bala ga bagolo.<ref>UPI (8 September 1983). [https://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/08/us/reagan-backs-literacy-effort.html "Reagan Backs Literacy Effort".] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> O ne a kopiwa ke tautona George Bush go nna mokwaledi wa thuto, mme o ne a gana a supa fa a rata go ruta moithuti a le mongwe ka nako.<ref>Harris, Robert L.; Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn (5 September 2008). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=Y6yuwT54mA0C&q=George+H.+W.+Bush+marva+collins&pg=PA264&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=George%20H.%20W.%20Bush%20marva%20collins&f=false The Columbia Guide to African American History Since 1939]''. Columbia University Press. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780231138116|<bdi>9780231138116</bdi>.]]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bone, Prince o ne a akaretsa Collins mo setshwantshong sa motshikhinyego sa pina ya gagwe ya "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World." O ne a abela sekolo sa Westside Preparatory School Teacher Training Institute se se neng se tlhametswe go ruta mothale waga Collins madi a di dolara di le dikete di le makgolo a matlhano.<ref>[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=mrADAAAAMBAJ&q=prince+marva+collins&pg=PA63&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=prince%20marva%20collins&f=false "Prince Donates $500,000 to Marva Collins' School"]. ''Jet''. Johnson Publishing Company. 4 November 1985. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref><ref>[https://www.watchtheyard.com/back-in-the-day/marva-collins-alpha-kappa-alpha/ "This Famous Alpha Kappa Alpha Soror Was Featured In Prince's Video".] Watch The Yard. May 31, 2016.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borataro, Collins o ne a thapiwa go okamela dikolo tsa Chicago tsa pusodile tharo tse di neng di gomagomediwa ke go tswalwa. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone, Collins o ne a amogela seetsele sa National Humanities,gareng ga dietseletse dingwe di le dintsi tsa go rutale maiteko a go fetola sekolo.<ref name=":6">Johnson, Janis (2004). [https://www.neh.gov/about/awards/national-humanities-medals/marva-collins "Awards & Honors: 2004 National Humanities Medalist - Marva Collins".] ''[[:en:National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities|National Endowment for the Humanities]]''. Retrieved 06 October 2026.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekolo wa dikete pedi le boraro go tse;na le bosupa, sekolo sa ga Collins se ne se lopa dikete di le tlhano le makgolo a matlhano go rutintshiwa, batsadi ba ne bare sekolo se dira tiro e e botoka go gaisa tsamaiso ya dikolo tsa puso kwa Chicago, e e neng e lopa dikete di le lesome le motso makgolo a mararo ngwana mongwe le mongwe. Baokamedi ba ne ba ngongoregela gore ga go a lekana.<ref name=":4" /><ref>Associated Press (2 September 2008). [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna26515276 "Chicago Students Skip School in Funding Protest".] ''NBC News''. Associated Press. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> == Methale ya go ruta le go kgala == Collins o ne a itsege ka go dirisa thuto ya tlwaelo, bogolo jang ya go botsolosa le go buisana le moithuti go fitlhelela a wela, e fotoletswe tiriso mo dikolong tse dipotlana, e e neng ya atlega mo baithuting ba ba kwa tlase. Collins o ne a kgala thuto ya baithuti, eseng baithuti.<ref name=":5" /> O ne a kwala ditshupetso di le mmalwa, dibuka le tse di rotloetsang a tlhalosa ditso tsa gagwe le methale. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi le mo ditsebeng tse di latelang morago ga eo, Collins o kgadilwe ke George N. Schmidt go tswa kwa Substance News, o a reng tiro ya ga Collins e ne e le tsietso.<ref>[https://www.edweek.org/education/the-muckrakers/1994/08 "The Muckrakers"]. ''Education Week Teacher''. 1 August 1994. Retrieved 06 october 2026</ref><ref>Smothers, David (7 April 1982). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8RNGAAAAIBAJ&pg=1304%2C2195328 "Controversial Teacher Marvis Collins: Educational Wonder Woman or Fraud?".] ''Schenectady Gazette''. UPI. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> Collins o ne a ganetsa tsietso epe.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/07/us/superteacher-in-chicago-under-fire-from-parents-and-press.html "'Superteacher' in Chicago Under Fire From Parents and Press".] ''The New York Times''. 7 March 1982. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> Ka nako eo, Collins o ne a na le baema nokeng le baganetsi.<ref>DeVries, Hilary (9 September 1982). [https://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0909/090928.html "Dedicated to Education as Ever, Marva Collins Still Rocks Boat".] ''The Christian Science Monitor''. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe le loso == Collins o ne a nyetswe ke Clarence Collins go tswa ka Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro go fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le botlhano.<ref>Roberts, Sam (28 June 2015). [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/29/us/marva-collins-78-no-nonsense-educator-and-activist-dies.html "Marva Collins, Educator Who Aimed High for Poor, Black Students, Dies at 78 (Published 2015)".] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> Mmogo, ba ne ba na lebana ba bararo. Collins o tlhokafetse ka Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano kwa Beaufort County, South Carolina, a le dingwaga di le masome a supa le borobabobedi, a le mo tlhokomelong ya bongaka.<ref name=":1" /> == Tiro le kgatiso == === Dikwalo === * Collins, Marva, Bert Kruger Smith, le Charlene Warren. Puisano le Marva Collins: A different School go tswa mo The Human Condition, Austin, Tex: [[:en:Hogg_Foundation_for_Mental_Health|Hogg Foundation for Mental Health]], University of Texas, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bobedi. [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/8257640 8257640] * Collins, Marva, le Civia Tamarkin. Marva Collins'Way. New York: putnam, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe. Foreword by Alex Haley. 2nd ed. ISBN 978-0-874-77572-3 [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/32523785 32523785] * Collins, Marva. Ordinary Children, Extraordinary Teachers. Norfolk, VA: Hampton Roads Pub. Co, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le bobedi. ISBN 978-1-878-90141-5 OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/title/26790433 26790433] * Collins, Marva. Values: Lighting the Candle of Excellence: A Practical Guide for the Family: Los Angeles, CA: Dove Books, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabaongwe le borataro. ISBN 978-0-787-11040-6 [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/35896951 35896951] === Ditshwantsho tsa motshikhinyego === * Dikgang tsa CBS. Marva. 60 Minutes. New York: Carousel Films, ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borobabongwe. [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/19834079 19834079] == Dietsele == * Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le motso: Dietsele tsa Jefferson tsa bodiredi jwa setshaba - seetsele sa tirelo ya setshaba e e tswelang ba ba dikobo dikhutshwane mosola<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101124043935/http://jeffersonawards.org/pastwinners/national "National Winners Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged".] ''[[:en:Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Service|Jefferson Awards for Public Servic]]<nowiki/>e''. 1981. Archived from [http://jeffersonawards.org/pastwinners/national the original] on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> * Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le motso: seetsele sa George Collins sa Congressional Black Caucus<ref>Past Phoenix Award Honorees (1996 – 2018)[https://s7.goeshow.com/cbcf/annual/2020/documents/CBCF_ALC_-_Phoenix_Awards_Dinner_Past_Winners.pdf ". https://s7.goeshow.com/cbcf/annual/2020/documents/CBCF_ALC_-_Phoenix_Awards_Dinner_Past_Winners.pdf]</ref> * Ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone: National Endowment of the Humanities - seetsele sa National Humanities<ref name=":6" /> * Alpha Kappa Alpha - leloko la tlotla la lekgotla la Alpha Kappa Alpha<ref>[https://unsungsorors.aka1908.com/index.php/32-hall-of-fame/321-soror-marva-collins "Soror Marva Collins".] ''aka1908.com''. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> == Metswedi == gniymimjm8gmsnl3jzw4n9gjjb7mlpm 0 15512 56322 2026-10-06T08:09:50Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Riana Elyse Anderson #BLT2026 56322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Riana Elyse Anderson|birth_place=Detroit, Michigan, United States|education=University of Michigan (BS) University of Virginia (MA) University of Virginia (PhD)|known for=tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala, go fodisa, banana le malwapa}} '''Riana Elyse Anderson''' ke ngaka ya tshidilo maikutlo ya bookelo le setshaba kwa Amerika o o itebagantseng mo tlhaoleleng ya lotso le malwapa a batho bantsho.  Ke mothusa morutintshi mo lephateng la botsogo le maitshwaro le thuto ya botsogo kwa sekolong sa University of Michigan School of Public Health. O rutetswe tshidilo maikutlo ya bookelo le setshaba kwa University of Virginia, kwa Yale University School of Medicine le kwa University of Pennsylvania.  Anderson o ithuta ka fa tlhaolele ya lotso e amang botsogo jwa tlhaloganyo jwa banana ba bantsho le malwapa a bone. O bereka le mananeo a tshidilo maikutlo le bapati mo setshabeng a abelana kitso ka bobegadikgang, go kwala le dipuisano.<ref name=":1">[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/5-tips-from-mental-health-experts-on-transitioning-out-of-covid-restrictions "5 tips from mental health experts on transitioning out of COVID restrictions".] PBS. 31 May 2021.</ref><ref name=":2">Caron, Christina (7 May 2021). [https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/07/well/therapy-pharmacy.html "Therapy on Aisle 7: Retailers Are Entering the Mental Health Market".] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref><ref name=":3">[https://www.forbes.com/sites/jessicagold/2021/05/29/we-need-to-talk-about-black-therapist-burnout/ "We Need To Talk About Black Therapist Burnout".] ''Forbes''.</ref><ref name=":4">Borreson, Kelsey (12 February 2021). [https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kids-interracial-friendships-parents-friends_l_601d91a5c5b66c385ef93edf "How Parents Can Help Their Kids Make Lasting Interracial Friendships".] Huffington Post. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref><ref name=":5">Mejia, Naydeline (25 September 2020)[https://www.teenvogue.com/story/quarantine-fatigue-is-real . ""Quarantine Fatigue" Is Real".] Teen Vogue. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref><ref name=":6">Howard, Madeline (11 February 2022). [https://www.womenshealthmag.com/life/a33278412/digital-blackface/ "What Is Digital Blackface? Experts Explain Why The Social Media Practice Is Problematic".] Women's Health.</ref> O amogetse dithuso tsa madi, dietsele le thuthintsho go ema tiro ya gagwe nokeng.<ref>[https://www.srcd.org/news/srcd-members-news-dr-riana-elyse-anderson "SRCD Members in the News: Dr. Riana Elyse Anderson".] 21 December 2020. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref><ref>[https://igr.umich.edu/article/2020-igr-outstanding-alumnx-award-recipient-riana "2020 IGR Outstanding Alumnx Award recipient: Riana Elyse Anderson"]. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> == Thuto == Anderson o tsholetswe kwa Detroit, Michigan a amogela B.A ya psychology le maranyane a sepolotiki kwa University of Michigan ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro.<ref>[https://sph.umich.edu/faculty-profiles/anderson-riana.html "Faculty Profile".] Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> O amogetse MA ya psychology go tswa kwa University of Virginia ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso. O amogetse PhD go tswa kwa University of Virginia ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano. O ne a ya kwa University of Southern California School of Social Work ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa a fudugela kwa University of Michigan ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi. == Tiro le patlisiso == Anderson o berekile mo dikarolong tsa tshidilo maikutlo a bookelo, tshidilo maikutlo ya setshaba, le botsogo jwa setshaba. O itsege thata ka tiro ya gagwe mo tlhaoleleng ya lotso, go gatelelwa ke maikutlo, le phodiso mo baneng ba bantsho, banana le malwapa.<ref>[https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3LONTJoAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao "Riana Elyse Anderson".]</ref> O tlhamile EMBRace (go amana, go okamela le go dirisana mmogo ka lotso) go fokotsa go imelwa mo maikutlong ga ditso le go gatelelwa ke maikutlo ga batsadi le banana go netefatsa gore go nna le botsalano jo bo itekanetseng gareng ga bana le batsadi ba bone, go ritibala mo maikutlong ga batsadi le banana le go ipuelela ga batho ba ditso e le go amogela seemo. Lenaneo le le gatisitswe mo dikwalong tsa tlhwatlhwa, le dirisitswe mo bananeng kwa dikolong, ebile go builwe ka lone mo dikgannyeng tsa lefatshe. O amogetse dithuso tsa madi mo tirong ya gagwe go tswa kwa lekgotleng la National Science Foundation, National Insitutes of Health, Spencer Foundation, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation le William T. Grant Foundation.<ref>[https://wtgrantfoundation.org/five-early-career-researchers-selected-for-the-william-t-grant-scholars-class-of-2026 "Five Early-Career Researchers Selected for the William T. Grant Scholars Class of 2026"]. 26 April 2021. Retrieved 06 October 2026.</ref> == Seabe sa gagwe mo setshabeng == Anderson o nnile le seabe mo dipuisanong,dikwalo, le dikgang di akaretsa mo CNN, The New York Times, The Times London, Huffington Post, Psychology Today, PBS' Women's Health, WebMD, le NBC.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> Anderson ke leloko le le thapilweng la ditlhopha di akaretsa American Psychological Association komiti ya bana,banana le malwapa le lekgotla la Research on Adolescence Anti-Racism Task Force. O bereka e le mogasi wa Our Mental Health Minute, lekgotla la maranyane le le itebagantseng le go fokotsa letlhoo mo setshabeng sa batho bantsho. O matlhagatlhaga mo go fitlheleleng setshaba, go fa dipuisano mo setshabeng le mo malwapeng a batho bantsho.<ref>[https://www.pacarepartnership.org/lander?oref=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F "Healing Racial Trauma: Racial Socialization as a Clinical Strategy for Black Youth"]. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> == Ditiro tse di tlhophilweng == * Anderson, R.E., Jones, S.C.T., & Stevenson, H. The initial development and Validation of the racial socialization competency scale: Quality and Quantity. Journal of Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology == Metswedi == 3nqxzuokonaf5klhcx8xge89j7cjdh1 0 15513 56323 2026-10-06T08:44:05Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Adella Hunt Logan #BLT2026 56323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Adella hunt-Logan|image=AdellaHuntLogan-1902.jpg|caption=Adella Hunt Logan ka ngwaga wa 1902|birth_date=Tlhakole a le lesome ngwaga wa 1863|birth_place=Sparta, Georgia, U.S|birth_name=Adella Hunt|death_date=Morule a le lesome ngwaga wa 1915|death_place=Tuskegee, Alabama, U.S|education=Atlanta University|occupation=Mokwadi, morutintshi}} '''Adella Hunt Logan''' (o o tshotsweng ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a marataro le boraro - a tlhokafala ka Morule a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le botlhano) e ne e le mokwadi,morutabana, mothusi wa mo ofising gape e le molwela ditshwanelo tsa go tlhopha ga bomme wa ditso tsa Aforika le Amerika.<ref>Simkin, John. [https://spartacus-educational.com/USAWlogan.htm "Adella Hunt-Logan"]''Spartacus Educational,.Retrieved 06 October 2026. Includes image''</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100112386 "Adella Hunt Logan"] {{subscription required|via=[http://www.oxfordreference.com/ Oxford University Press]'s Reference Online}}''Indicates that she has sufficient notability to be covered in two of OUP's biographical works''</ref> A tshotswe ka nako ya ntwa ya selegae ya Amerika, o ne a ithutela borutabana kwa Atlanta University, sekolo se mo ditsong e neng e le sa batho bantsho se tlhamilwe ke lekgotla la barongwa ba Amerika. O nnile morutabana kwa Tuskegee Institute a nna molweladitshwanelo tsa thuto le go tlhopha ga bomme ba mmala. E le bontlha jwa go lwela ditshwanelo ga gagwe, o ne a gatisa ditsebe mo dingweng tsa dipampiri tsa batho bantsho tse di neng di itsege thata ka nako ya gagwe. == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto == Adella Hunt o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a marataro le boraro kwa Sparta, Georgia, batsadi ba gagwe e le Mariah Hunt, mosadi o a neng a gololesegile o montsho, le Henry Hunt, mong wa tshimo.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41750984/freedmen_history_of_subcaste_steps/ "Freedmen: History of 'subcaste' steps out of the shadows".] ''The Atlanta Constitution''. January 19, 1992. p.&nbsp;96. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> E ne e le ngwana wa bone wa bone mo go ba robabobedi. Rraagwe o ne a mo isa sekolong kwa Bass Academy, a nna morutabana o o letleletsweng a le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro. Hunt o ne a iponela thuso ya madi a sekolo go ya kwa Atlanta University kwa Atlanta, Georgia, se tlhamilwe ke lekgotla la barongwa kwa Amerika (AMA) morago ga ntwa ya selegae.<ref>[https://aaregistry.org/story/from-georgia-to-tuskegee-adella-hunt-logan/ "From Georgia to Tuskegee, Adella Hunt Logan".] ''African American Registry''.</ref> Koo o ne a tsena sekolo sa Upper Normal College kwa a neng a rutelwa borutabana a aloga ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabobedi le motso morago ga go fetsa lenaneo la dingwaga tse pedi.<ref name=":2">''[https://oxfordaasc.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-36502?apos=0&from=quick&hi=0&highlight=0&pos=1&pos2=0 "Logan, Adella Hunt".]Oxford African American Studies Center''{{subscription required|via=[http://www.oxfordreference.com/ Oxford University Press]'s Reference Online}}</ref> Hunt o feditse dingwaga tse pedi a ruta kwa Albany, Georgia, kwa sekolong se sebotlana sa AMA.<ref name=":2" /> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabobedi le boraro, Hunt o ne a fiwa maemo a go ruta kwa Atlanta University le sekolo sa ga Booker T. Washington sa Tuskegee Intitute. O ne a amogela tiro kwa Tuskegee a nna le botsalano le Washington. Kwa Tuskegee, Hunt o ne a ruta Seesemane le dithuto tse dingwe. E ne e le motlhokomedi wa motlobo wa dibuka wa ntlha wa sekolo seo a bereka gape e le mogokgo wa mosadi ka nakwana.<ref name=":1" /> == Lolwapa loora Logan == Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi, o ne a nyalana le Warren Logan, morutabana ka ene kwa Tuskegee University. E le wa ditso tse di tlhakaneng, o ne a tsholetswe mo bokgobeng kwa Virginia. O ne a rutega morago ga go gololesega, o ne a simolotse go ruta dingwaga di le mmalwa pele ga gagwe. Kwa Tuskegee, Logan o ne a nna tsala le Booker T. Washington a bereka e le motshwara madi wa sekolo. Ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabongwe go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le borobabongwe, bobedi ba ne ba nna le bana ba robabongwe, ba le barataro ba bone ba tshedile go fitlhelela ba nna bagolo. Ba ne ba ba rotloetsa go rutega. Boora Logan ba ne ba aga lolwapa lo dikokomane tsa lone di rutegileng thata ebile ba bereka ditiro tsa tlhwatlhwa. Morwaabone o mmotlana mo go bone botlhe o ne nna ngaka ya loaro kwa New York City. Bana ba gagwe ba akaretsa moitseanape wa ditso Adele Logan Alexander, o o alogileng ka doctorate ya ditso, e ne e le morutuntshi kwa George Washington University pele ga a ithola tiro, o kwadile ka ditso tsa batho bantsho ba Amerika.<ref name=":2" /> == Tiro ya go lwela ditshwanelo == Hunt Logan o itsege thata ka tiro ya gagwe ya go lwela ditshwanelo. Dikgatlhego tsa gagwe e ne e le go buelela thuto, mo go neng go bonagala thata kwa tirong ya gagwe kwa Tuskegee. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabongwe le botlhano, Hunt Logan o ne a nna leloko la Tuskegee Woman's Club, e e neng ya dirisana le lekgotla la bomme ba bantsho (NACW) morago ga ngwaga.<ref name=":2" /> Lekalana la Tuskegee le ne le bereka go tokafatsa matshelo a batho bantsho ba Amerika kwa magaeng. Hunt Logan o berekile mo mananeong a a itebagantseng le go tokafatsa botsogo, ga mmogo le go buelela phetogo ya dikgolegelo le go etelela pele motlobo wa dibuka e le leloko la NACW Club.<ref name=":2" /> Mangwe a maikaelelo a ga Hunt Logan a thuto e ne e le go baakanyetsa batho go lwela ditshwanelo tsa ditlhopho lefatshe ka bophara. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabongwe le botlhano lekgotla la bomme ba Amerika ba ba lwelang tshwanelo ya go tlhopha (NAWSA) le ne la tshwara bokopano kwa Atlanta. Ka ntlha ya dikgwetlho tse di neng di lebane NAWSA mo go fetoleng molaomotheo wa go tlhopha ga bomme, lekgotla le ne le batla kemo nokeng go tswa mo dikgaolong tsa borwa. Le ntswa lekgotla la NAWSA le ne le kaetswe batho basweu ba kwa borwa, le ne la obamela melao ya Jim Crow ya go kgaoganya batho ka lotso le kganela bomme le borra ba bantsho ba Amerika go tsenelela bokopano joo. Kgaolo ya Mississippi e ne e setse e fetisitse molaomotheo o mosha wa go ntsha batho bantsho mo lekgotleng, dikgaolo tse dingwe tsa borwa di ne tsa dira mo go tshwanang ka nako eo, go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le borobabobedi. Hunt Logan o gorogetse mo seemong se se ntseng jaana kwa bokopanong.<ref name=":2" /> Hunt Logan o ne a utlwa Susan B. Anthony a bua, mme le ntswa ba ne ba itemogela kgethololo e o le batho bantsho ba bangwe kwa bokopanong, Hunt Logan o ne a nna leloko la NAWSA morago ga go tlhotlhelediwa ke mafoko a ga Anthony.<ref name=":2" /> Hunt Logan o ne a bolotsa letsholo la tshwanelo ya go tlhopha ya basadi kwa Alabama a kwalela pampiri ya dikgang ya NAWSA ya The Woman's Journal. Ka Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le bobedi, Hunt Logan o ne a nna le karolo mo go kwaleng tsebe mo makasineng wa National Association for the Colored People (NACCP), wa The Crisis, e le bontlha jwa tsebe e e faphegileng ya go tlhopha ga basadi. (NAACP e tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le borobabongwe.) O ne a lwela tshwanelo ya go tlhopha, bogolo jang ga bomme ba mmala. O ne a supa katlego ya tlhopho ya bomme mo dikgaolong tse di kwa bophirima tse di nang le tshwanelo ya go tlhopha a bua jaana, ...mo Amerika wa mmala o dumela mo tekatekanong ya botlhe, go sa kgathalesege gore ke ba lotso, mmala kgotsa bong bofe, o eletsa letsatsi le lefatshe la United States le tlaa nnang le puso ya batho, ka batho - ba akaretsa batho ba mmala.<ref>Hunt Logan, Adella (September 1912). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=D1oEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA242&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false "Colored Women as Voters"] The Crisis p. 242.</ref> Hunt Logan o kwadile ditsebe di le dintsi mo The Crisis, ga mmogo le makasine wa Colored American. Mo ngangisanong ya gagwe ya go lwela go tlhopha ga basadi, Hunt Logan o ne a boela kwa meding ya gagwe ya thuto. O ne are bomme ba bantsho ba Aforika ba tshwanetse go fiwa tlhopho gore ba nne le se ba se buang ma molao wa thuto.<ref name=":2" /> == Loso le boswa == Ka Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le botlhano, morago ga dikgwetlho mo lonyalong lwa gagwe le poelo morago mo letsholong la go tlhopha ga basadi, Hunt Logan o ne a nna le go tlhoka go iketla mo maikutlong.<ref>[https://oxfordaasc.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-44277?from=quick&hi=0&highlight=1&pos=2 "Logan, Adella Hunt".] ''Black Women in America''.</ref> O ne a isiwa kwa lefelong la tlhokomelo ya balwetsi ba tlhaloganyo kwa Michigan go alafiwa. Morago ga gore tsala ya gagwe e tona Booker T. Washington a tlhokafale ka Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le botlhano, Hunt Logan o ne a imelwa mo maikutlong le go gaisa jaaka pele. Ka Morule a le lesome ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le botlhano, o ne a ipolaya ka go tlola go tswa kwa seelong sa bofelo sa kago ya kwa Tuskegee.<ref name=":2" /><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/46105431/warren-logans-wife-ends-life-by/ "Warren Logan's Wife Ends Life by Jumping Out of Window, Tuskegee Inst".] ''The Montgomery Daily Times''. Tuskegee, Alabama. December 11, 1915. p.&nbsp;1. Retrieved 06 October 2026&#x2013; via Newspapers.com.</ref> Dingwaga di le tlhano morago ga loso lwa gagwe, lefatshe la United States le ne la fetisa phetogo ya lesome le borobabongwe, ba neela basadi tshwanelo ya go tlhopha, go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi. Hunt Logan o ne a lwetse tshwanelo e dingwaga di le dintsi. Gompieno go rutiwa ka ene kwa dikolong ka ntlha ya tlhotlheletso ya gagwe, bogolojang e le mmueledi wa tshwanelo ya go tlhopha le basadi ba mmala. == Metswedi == 2pczp3bj0kcmr8xcbdttchk5ruknte9 0 15514 56325 2026-10-06T09:31:15Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya ga Archy Lee #BLT2026 56325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Archy Lee|birth_date=Ngwaga wa 1940|birth_place=Mississippi, [[United States]]|death_date=Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 1873 (a le dingwaga di ka nna masome a mararo le bobedi kgotsa le boraro)|death_place=Sacramento, California, United States|known for=Tsheko ya ga Archy Lee (ya ngwaga wa 1858)}} '''Archy Lee''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane - a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le borobabobedi) e ne e le motho montsho wa kwa Amerika o o tsholetsweng mo bokgobeng; morago a nna bontlha jwa ditsheko tsa botlhokwa tsa lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe tse di agileng ditshwanelo tsa setho kwa California.<ref name=":1">[https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18580108.2.14&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-oath+of+archy+the+fugitive+slave-------1 "City Intelligence".] Vol.&nbsp;14, no.&nbsp;2117. Sacramento Daily Union. January 8, 1858. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a a robabobedi masome a matlhano le bosupa, o ne a ntshiwa kwa Mississippi (kgaolo ya bokgoba) go ya Sacramento, California (kgaolo e e gololesegileng) a tswelela ka go bereka jaaka ekete o santse a dirilwe lekgoba. O ne a thoba fa a le kwa California, mme morago a tshwarwa a lebisiwa melato ya kgotlatshekelo e le mmalwa. Ka Moranang a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le borobabobedi, o ne a tlhomamisiwa semmuso e le motho o o gololesegileng ke kgaolo ya California. Ke nngwe ya di tsheko tse di neng tsa ipelelwa thata tse di amanang le bokgoba kwa lefatsheng leo, ya anamisiwa lefatshe ka bophara.<ref name=":2">Beasley, Delilah L. (August 31, 1924). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune-activities-among-negros/157033013/ "Activities Among Negros".] [[:en:Oakland_Tribune|''Oakland Tribune''.]] p.&nbsp;46. Retrieved October 06, 2026 &#x2013; via [[:en:Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com.]]</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Archy Lee o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a mane kwa Mississippi, e ne e le motho montsho wa kwa Amerika o o tsholetsweng mo bokgobeng.<ref name=":3">Burg, William (2012). ''Sacramento's K Street, Where Our City Was Born''. The History Press. pp.&nbsp;26–28.</ref> Mong wa ga Lee ebong Charles Stovall, o ne a ya le Lee kwa Sacramento, California ka Phalane a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le bosupa. Fa a le kwa California, Stovall o ne a firisetsa Lee gore a bone dituelo.<ref name=":3" /> Ka Firikgong ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le borobabobedi, fa Stovall a tsaya tshwetso ya go boela Mississippi, Lee a le dingwaga di le lesome le borobobedi o ne a thobela Stovall fa ba le mo tseleng a boela kwa Sacramento.<ref name=":1" /> Lee o ne a tshabela kwa lolwapeng lwa ga Charles Hackett le Charles Parker, batho bantsho ba Amerika ba ba neng ba na le seabe mo go tsa polotiki kwa Sacramento ba okametse hotele ya the Hackett House (mo mmileng wa boraro gareng ga K le L). Stovall o ne a tshwarisa Lee, mme mmueledi wa tlhwatlhwa wa ditshwanelo tsa setho, Edwin B. Crocker o ne a buelela Lee, fa a tsaya tshwetso ka Firikgong a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi masome a matlhano le borobabobedi, moatlhodi Robert Robinson o ne a atlhola gore Lee ke monna o o gololesegileng ka gore California ke kgaolo e e gololesegileng, le ntswa Mississippi e le kgaolo ya bokgoba, Stovall ke monni wa California wa sennela ruri, ka jalo a la se rue makgoba. Ba ba kgatlhanong le bokgoba kwa San Francisco Peter Lester, Mifflin Wistar Gibbs, le George Washington Dennis, ba ne ba berekile ka thata go bona ditirelo tsa setlhopha sa babueledi ba basweu go lwela kgololesego ya ga Lee.<ref>Hemmendinger, Sydney; Fett, Sharla (Spring 2016)[https://coloredconventions.org/california-equality/biographies/peter-lester/ . "Peter Lester".] ''Equality Before the Law: California Black Convention Activism, 1855-65''. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> Katlholo ya ga moatlhodi Robinson e ne ya ganediwa kwa kgotlatshekelong kgolo ya California, mme le fa go ntse jalo, ka Tlhakole a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le borobabobedi, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya atlhola gore le ntswa go rua makgoba go idiwa kwa California, go tlhoka maiphitlhelo le go tlhoka go tsoga sentle ga ga Stovall go dira gore a letlelelwe go tswa mo kgaolong le Lee e le thoto ya gagwe.<ref>''Matter of Archy'', 9 Cal. 147 (1858)</ref> Tshwetso ya kgotlatshekelo kgolo e ne ya kwalwa ke Peter Burnett, o a neng a kwadile  molao o o iletsa batho bantsho ba Amerika go nna kwa Oregon fa a le ramelao koo, o gape a neng a gwetlha tiriso ya molao o o mme a seka a atlega kwa California fa a le molaodi. Tshwetso ya ga moatlhodi Burnett e ne ya kopanelwa ke moatlhodi David S. Terry, o morago a tlaa lwelang popagano ya tlolo molao. Batho ba California ba ne ba shakgadiwa ke tshwetso ya kgotlatshekelo kgolo. Ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le borobabobedi, Stovall, le ntswa a ne a fentse mo molaong, o ne a leka go utswa Lee mo kgaolong eo ka mokoro. Ba ba kgatlhanong le bokgoba le ba sepodisi sa San Francisco ba ne ba lemoga leano la gagwe ba pagama mo sekepeng sa Orizaba go falotsa Lee.<ref>[https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DAC18580306.2.14&srpos=9&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-archy+lee-------1 "The Denouement of the Archy Case".] Vol.&nbsp;10, no.&nbsp;64. Daily Alta California. March 6, 1858. p.&nbsp;1. Retrieved 06 October 2026</ref> Stovall o ne a tshwarelwa go utswa motho, molato o o neng o le kgatlhanong le tshwetso ya kgotlatshekelo kgolo ya California wa gore Lee ke thoto.<ref name=":3" /> Ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le borobabobedi, kgotlatshekelo ya lefatshe kwa kgaolong ya San Francisco, e ne ya boela morago tshwetso ya kgotlatshekelo kgolo e gatelela gore Lee ke monna o o gololesegileng.<ref name=":3" /> Stovall o ne a nganga gore Lee o tlola molao wa makgoba a a tshwerweng wa 1850, a le fa pele ga moatlhodi William Penn Johnson. Ka Moranang a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le borobabobedi, tsheko ya bofelo e ne ya supa gore Lee ga a tlola melao epe ya iphalotso le gore o tlhomamisiwa e le motho o o gololesegileng. Go ya ka pampiri ya Sacramento Daily Union, tsheko ya ga Archy Lee e ne e le ya ntlha ya mofuta oo go tshwarelwa kwa California.<ref name=":1" /> Bangwe ba ne ba akanya gore Lee o dirisa kgololesegop ya gagwe phetelela, a fudugela kwa Canada ka nako ya gouta e sena go upololwa kwa nokeng ya Fraser ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano l borobabobedi. ka Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a supa le boraro, Lee o ne a fitlhelwa a lwala kwa Yolo Bypass kwa Sacramento, California, o ne a iphitlha mo motlhabeng a leka go ithuthafatsa morago ga go nna kwa ntle ka lobaka lo loleele, o ne a isiwa kwa sepateleng sa kgaolo.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/san-francisco-chronicle-archy-lee/157032187/ "Archy Lee"]. ''[[:en:San_Francisco_Chronicle|San Francisco Chronicle]]''. November 10, 1873. p.&nbsp;1. ISSN&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1932-8672 1932-8672]. Retrieved October 06, 2026&#x2013; via [[:en:Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com.]]</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-archy-lee-ill/143109175/ "Archy, The Slave".] [[:en:San_Francisco_Examiner|''The San Francisco Examiner''.]] November 10, 1873. p.&nbsp;1. ISSN&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:2574-593X 2574-593X]. Retrieved October 06,2026 &#x2013; via [[:en:Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com.]]</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/weekly-trinity-journal-archy-lee/157032040/ "Archy Lee".] ''Weekly Trinity Journal''. November 15, 1873. p.&nbsp;2. Retrieved October 13, 2024 &#x2013; via [[:en:Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com.]]</ref>Go akanngwa fa Lee a tlhokafetse kwa sepateleng seo moragonyana.<ref>Davis, Winfield J. (October 19, 1907)[https://www.newspapers.com/article/appeal-democrat-case-of-archy-lee-the-f/157032553/ . "Case of Archy Lee, the Fugitive Slave".] ''Appeal-Democrat''. p.&nbsp;7. Retrieved October 06, 2026 &#x2013; via [[:en:Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com.]]</ref> == Boswa == Buka ya The Negro Trail Blazers of California (e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le borobabongwe) ya ga Delilah Beasley e na le dintlha ka ga Lee.<ref name=":2" /> Buka ya Archy Lee: A California Fugitive Slave Case (e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borobabongwe) ya ga Rudolph M. Lapp, e kwadilwe ka ga ene, buka e, e ne ya tlhophiwa ke setlhopha sa Book Club of California ka paka ya dikgakologo ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borobabongwe.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-napa-valley-register/43459941/ "Story of 'Archy Lee', A James Beard Print".] [[:en:Napa_Valley_Register|''The Napa Valley Register''.]] October 4, 1969. p.&nbsp;33. Retrieved October 06, 2026 &#x2013; via [[:en:Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com.]]</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times/43460340/ "CMS Writer Gains State Book Honors".] ''The Times''. July 2, 1969. p.&nbsp;28. Retrieved October 06, 2026 &#x2013; via [[:en:Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com.]]</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Thomas Gilman (mmereki wa meepo)]] (ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a mararo go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le motso) * [[Alvin Aaron Coffey Sr.]] (ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a mabedei le bobedi go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le bobedi. == Metswedi == 2ub0ulnmfgtbojeg2wifj76hze17gvj 0 15515 56326 2026-10-06T09:45:47Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373659619|Courtney Taylor (actress)]]" 56326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Courtney Taylor''' ke motshameki wa difilimi wa Moamerika e bile e le motshameki wa metlae. O ne a tshameka mo go [[Insecure]], [[The Company]] You Keep, [[Abbott Elementary]], Ballard, [[The Invitation]], [[Out of My Mind]], le tse dingwe.<ref name="ddl">{{Cite web |last=Cordero |first=Rosy |date=November 8, 2023 |title='Abbott Elementary' & 'Neon' Actress Courtney Taylor Signs With Anonymous Content |url=https://deadline.com/2023/11/courtney-taylor-anonymous-content-management-1235597059/}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Taylor o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ka go tshameka mo web-series ya Single & Anxious go tloga ka 2017 go fitlha ka 2019, pele a nna le seabe se se tlhagelelang mo thelebišeneng ya metlae ya HBO, [[Insecure]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Radhika |date=December 13, 2021 |title=Courtney Taylor on Playing Insecure's 'I Got It Covered' Girl |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/insecure-courtney-taylor-quoia-interview.html |website=Vulture}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2022, o ne a simolola go tlhagelela mo thelebisheneng e kgolo ka go tlhagelela mo filiming e e tshosang, [[Invitation|The Invitation]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 29, 2022 |title=Courtney Taylor On 'The Invitation' And Portraying An Authentically Black Woman In A Horror Film |url=https://www.essence.com/celebrity/courtney-taylor-the-invitation/ |website=Essence}}</ref> Moragonyana mo go one ngwaga oo, Taylor o ne a fiwa karolo e e tlwaelegileng mo motseletseleng wa metlae wa [[Allblk]], Send Help.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosario |first=Alexandra Del |date=March 22, 2022 |title='Send Help': Karina Bonnefil, Catfish Jean, Courtney Taylor & Ana Bowen Join AllBlk Dark Comedy |url=https://deadline.com/2022/03/send-help-karina-bonnefil-catfish-jean-courtney-taylor-ana-bowen-allblk-dark-comedy-1234983785/}}</ref> O ne a tshameka karolo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya thelebišene mo setlheng sa boraro sa [[Insecure]] jaaka Quoia, mothusi wa ga Issa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=From Sketches To Screen Time: Courtney Taylor Is In Her Main Character Era |url=https://girlsunited.essence.com/entertainment/courtney-taylor/ |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=Girls United |language=en-US}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2022 go fitlha ka 2023 o ne a na le seabe se se boelelang mo thelebišeneng ya ABC ya metlae, [[Abbott Elementary]] mme ka 2023 o ne gape a na le seabe se se boelelang mo terameng ya ABC [[The Company You Keep]] a tshameka mothusi wa mogasi wa thelebišeneng.<ref name="ddl" /> Moragonyana ka 2023, Taylor o ne a tshameka mo motseletseleng wa metlae wa Netflix, Neon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Little |first=Sarah |date=October 24, 2023 |title=Neon Cast & Character Guide |url=https://screenrant.com/neon-cast-character-guide/ |website=ScreenRant}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tinubu |first=Aramide |date=October 19, 2023 |title=Netflix's Reggaeton Series 'Neon' Finds Its Rhythm Amid a Glossy Miami Landscape: TV Review |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/reviews/neon-review-netflix-1235759039/}}</ref> Ka 2024, Taylor o ne a tshameka mmogo le Phoebe-Rae Taylor, [[Rosemarie DeWitt]], Luke Kirby le [[Judith Light]] mo filiming ya terama, Out of My Mind.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=July 18, 2022 |title=Rosemarie DeWitt, Luke Kirby & Judith Light Among 5 Cast In 'Out Of My Mind' Disney+ Movie Adaptation |url=https://deadline.com/2022/07/rosemarie-dewitt-luke-kirby-judith-light-cast-out-of-my-mind-disney-plus-movie-adaptation-1235065177/}}</ref> Filimi eno e ne ya bontshiwa kwa [[Sundance Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Program Guide &#124; 2024 Sundance Film Festival |url=https://festival.sundance.org/program/film/656a0188fac9f44f88c04164 |website=festival.sundance.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gardner |first=Chris |date=January 19, 2024 |title=Jennifer Aniston Praises 'Out of My Mind' as "Special Film" as Sundance Pic Earns Two Standing Ovations |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/sundance-jennifer-aniston-out-of-my-mind-standing-ovations-1235793596/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Difilimi tsa gagwe == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Role ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- |2017–2019 |''Single & Anxious'' |Jasmine |12 episodes |- |2020–2021 |''Insecure'' |Sequoia |8 episodes |- |2022 |''Hysterical'' |Jaylin |Short film |- |2022 |''The Invitation'' |Grace | |- |2022 |''Send Help'' |Nicole Cooper |Series regular, 7 episodes |- |2022–2023 |''Abbott Elementary'' |Erika |6 episodes |- |2023 |''The Company You Keep'' |Mason |8 episodes |- |2023 |''Killing It'' |Monica |Episode: "Mallory" |- |2023 |''Neon'' |Mia |Series regular, 8 episodes |- |2024 |''Out of My Mind'' |Dr. Katherine Post | |- |2024-present |Shrinking |Courtney |7 episodes |- |2025 |''Ballard'' |Samira Parker |Series regular, 10 episodes |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] pxaapxuq1slrnzxiojj4ba96txyiijm 56327 56326 2026-10-06T09:46:40Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56327 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Courtney Taylor''' ke motshameki wa difilimi wa Moamerika e bile e le motshameki wa metlae. O ne a tshameka mo go [[Insecure]], [[The Company]] You Keep, [[Abbott Elementary]], Ballard, [[The Invitation]], [[Out of My Mind]], le tse dingwe.<ref name="ddl">{{Cite web |last=Cordero |first=Rosy |date=November 8, 2023 |title='Abbott Elementary' & 'Neon' Actress Courtney Taylor Signs With Anonymous Content |url=https://deadline.com/2023/11/courtney-taylor-anonymous-content-management-1235597059/}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Taylor o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ka go tshameka mo web-series ya Single & Anxious go tloga ka 2017 go fitlha ka 2019, pele a nna le seabe se se tlhagelelang mo thelebišeneng ya metlae ya HBO, [[Insecure]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Radhika |date=December 13, 2021 |title=Courtney Taylor on Playing Insecure's 'I Got It Covered' Girl |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/insecure-courtney-taylor-quoia-interview.html |website=Vulture}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2022, o ne a simolola go tlhagelela mo thelebisheneng e kgolo ka go tlhagelela mo filiming e e tshosang, [[Invitation|The Invitation]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 29, 2022 |title=Courtney Taylor On 'The Invitation' And Portraying An Authentically Black Woman In A Horror Film |url=https://www.essence.com/celebrity/courtney-taylor-the-invitation/ |website=Essence}}</ref> Moragonyana mo go one ngwaga oo, Taylor o ne a fiwa karolo e e tlwaelegileng mo motseletseleng wa metlae wa [[Allblk]], Send Help.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosario |first=Alexandra Del |date=March 22, 2022 |title='Send Help': Karina Bonnefil, Catfish Jean, Courtney Taylor & Ana Bowen Join AllBlk Dark Comedy |url=https://deadline.com/2022/03/send-help-karina-bonnefil-catfish-jean-courtney-taylor-ana-bowen-allblk-dark-comedy-1234983785/}}</ref> O ne a tshameka karolo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya thelebišene mo setlheng sa boraro sa [[Insecure]] jaaka Quoia, mothusi wa ga Issa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=From Sketches To Screen Time: Courtney Taylor Is In Her Main Character Era |url=https://girlsunited.essence.com/entertainment/courtney-taylor/ |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=Girls United |language=en-US}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2022 go fitlha ka 2023 o ne a na le seabe se se boelelang mo thelebišeneng ya ABC ya metlae, [[Abbott Elementary]] mme ka 2023 o ne gape a na le seabe se se boelelang mo terameng ya ABC [[The Company You Keep]] a tshameka mothusi wa mogasi wa thelebišeneng.<ref name="ddl" /> Moragonyana ka 2023, Taylor o ne a tshameka mo motseletseleng wa metlae wa Netflix, Neon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Little |first=Sarah |date=October 24, 2023 |title=Neon Cast & Character Guide |url=https://screenrant.com/neon-cast-character-guide/ |website=ScreenRant}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tinubu |first=Aramide |date=October 19, 2023 |title=Netflix's Reggaeton Series 'Neon' Finds Its Rhythm Amid a Glossy Miami Landscape: TV Review |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/reviews/neon-review-netflix-1235759039/}}</ref> Ka 2024, Taylor o ne a tshameka mmogo le Phoebe-Rae Taylor, [[Rosemarie DeWitt]], Luke Kirby le [[Judith Light]] mo filiming ya terama, Out of My Mind.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=July 18, 2022 |title=Rosemarie DeWitt, Luke Kirby & Judith Light Among 5 Cast In 'Out Of My Mind' Disney+ Movie Adaptation |url=https://deadline.com/2022/07/rosemarie-dewitt-luke-kirby-judith-light-cast-out-of-my-mind-disney-plus-movie-adaptation-1235065177/}}</ref> Filimi eno e ne ya bontshiwa kwa [[Sundance Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Program Guide &#124; 2024 Sundance Film Festival |url=https://festival.sundance.org/program/film/656a0188fac9f44f88c04164 |website=festival.sundance.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gardner |first=Chris |date=January 19, 2024 |title=Jennifer Aniston Praises 'Out of My Mind' as "Special Film" as Sundance Pic Earns Two Standing Ovations |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/sundance-jennifer-aniston-out-of-my-mind-standing-ovations-1235793596/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Difilimi tsa gagwe == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ngwaga !Ngwaga !Karolo ! class="unsortable" |Dinopolo |- |2017–2019 |''Single & Anxious'' |Jasmine |12 episodes |- |2020–2021 |''Insecure'' |Sequoia |8 episodes |- |2022 |''Hysterical'' |Jaylin |Short film |- |2022 |''The Invitation'' |Grace | |- |2022 |''Send Help'' |Nicole Cooper |Series regular, 7 episodes |- |2022–2023 |''Abbott Elementary'' |Erika |6 episodes |- |2023 |''The Company You Keep'' |Mason |8 episodes |- |2023 |''Killing It'' |Monica |Episode: "Mallory" |- |2023 |''Neon'' |Mia |Series regular, 8 episodes |- |2024 |''Out of My Mind'' |Dr. Katherine Post | |- |2024-present |Shrinking |Courtney |7 episodes |- |2025 |''Ballard'' |Samira Parker |Series regular, 10 episodes |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] lmj6nxuegdbyd05iy3b61djeuubdjnh 0 15516 56330 2026-10-06T10:28:25Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378369838|Kash Doll]]" 56330 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arkeisha Antoinette Knight''' (o belegwe ka Mopitlwe 14, 1989), yo o itsegeng ka leina la '''Kash Doll''', ke rapper wa kwa Amerika le motshameki wa difilimi go tswa kwa [[Detroit]], Michigan. O saenetse kwa [[Republic Records]], o itsege thata ka dipina tsa gagwe tsa "For Everybody" (2017) le "Ice Me Out" (2018), ya bofelo e ne ya nna ya ntlha go tswa mo alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha [[Stacked]] (2019). Alebamo ya gagwe ya bobedi, The Last Doll, e ne ya gololwa kwa bokhutlong jwa 2024. Kash Doll o dirisane le bataki ba ba akaretsang [[Meek Mill]], Big Sean, [[Iggy Azalea]], [[DreamDoll]] le K. Michelle.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://www.xxlmag.com/news/2017/06/kash-doll-the-break-interview/|title=The Break Presents: Kash Doll- XXL|last=C.M|first=Emmanuel|language=en|access-date=March 19, 2019}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Kash Doll o tshotswe ka Mopitlwe 14, 1989, mme a golela kwa [[Detroit]], Michigan. E re ka e ne e le ene yo mogolo mo baneng ba le barataro, o ne a simolola go bereka a sa le monnye gore a thuse mmaagwe yo o neng a nna a le nosi go tlamela lelapa la bone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2019 |title=Kash Doll |url=http://www.republicrecords.com/artists/kash-doll |access-date=May 2, 2019 |website=Republic Records |language=en}}</ref> O ne a na le keletso ya go rap a sa le monnye mme a simolola go dira freestyling le go kwala mafoko a dipina a sa le mosetsana yo monnye..<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2019 |title=Kash Doll |url=http://www.republicrecords.com/artists/kash-doll |access-date=April 25, 2019 |website=Republic Records |language=en}}</ref> O ne a ya kwa [[Henry Ford College]] go ya go ithutela go laola kgwebo mme a tlogela morago ga ngwaga. Gore a kgone go tlamela lelapa la gagwe ka madi, Kash o ne a nna motantshi wa disutu. Fa a ntse a dira jaaka motantshi, Kash o ne a tle a rap mme kgabagare a simolola go bona madi go tswa go bareki kwa tlelapeng ya bosigo a sa tlhoke go bina. Go ne ga begwa gore bosigo bongwe o ne a dira $26000.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Everything You Need To Know About Kash Doll |url=https://www.thefader.com/2017/05/17/everything-you-need-to-know-kash-doll |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=The FADER |language=en}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Kwa tshimologong ya tiro ya gagwe, Kash Doll o ne a tshameka mo ditlelapeng tsa selegae, dikolong le mo ditiragalong tsa go thusa mo tikologong ya Detroit. Moragonyana Kash Doll o ne a saena tumalano le khampani ya rekoto ya lefelo leo kwa Detroit e e neng ya se ka ya atlega. Morago ga moo o ne a simolola go dirisa metswedi ya dikgang go aga balatedi ka go ntsha dibidio tse dikhutshwane tsa gagwe a ntse a tshameka mmino wa repe. [[Drake]] o ne a dirisa Instagram go mo laletsa go mo bulela moletlo wa gagwe wa [[Summer Sixteen Tour]] stop kwa Detroit.<ref name=":1" /> Kash Doll o ne a dira remix ya pina ya ga [[Tinashe]] ya "2 On" ka 2015. Morago ga moo o ne a golola bidio ya pina ya gagwe e e bidiwang "Run Me My Money", e e neng ya anama thata ka 2015. Mo go one ngwaga oo o ne a golola mixtape ya gagwe, Keisha vs Kash Doll.<ref name=":5" /> Mo go one ngwaga oo o ne a golola mixtape ya gagwe, Keisha vs Kash Doll".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=October 11, 2018 |title=Kash Doll Tells Us What It Was Like When Rihanna Slid Into Her DMs |url=https://nylon.com/articles/kash-doll-interview |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=Nylon}}</ref> Ka Sedimonthole 2017, Kash Doll o ne a tlhagelela mo go [[Big Sean]] le [[Metro Boomin']]<nowiki/>s single [["So Good"]]. Morago ga go gololwa mo tumalanong ya gagwe ya pele, ka July 16, 2018, o ne a golola EP e e bidiwang The Vault mo dithulaganyong tsa go gasa. Bidio nngwe ya mmino go tswa mo EP, "For Everybody", e ne ya bonwa go feta dimilione di le 10 mo [[YouTube.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2018 |title=Kash Doll |url=https://the360mag.com/kash-doll/ |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=360 Magazine}}</ref> O ne a ntsha mixtape e e bidiwang Brat Mail ka letsatsi la gagwe la matsalo ka 2018. E ne ya neelwa balatedi ba gagwe, bao a ba bitsang "Bratz".<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=II |first=C. Vernon Coleman |date=March 17, 2018 |title=Kash Doll Delivers 'Brat Mail' Mixtape – XXL |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/new-music/2018/03/kash-doll-brat-mail-mixtape/ |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=XXL Mag}}</ref> Ka Phatwe 2018, Kash Doll o ne a saena tumalano ya rekoto le [[Republic Records]]. Morago ga moo o ne a golola pina ya gagwe ya ntlha e le karolo ya tumalano eo, "Ice Me Out"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berry |first=Peter A. |date=August 24, 2018 |title=Kash Doll "Ice Me Out": Listen to Stuntastic New Anthem – XXL |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/new-music/2018/08/kash-doll-ice-me-out-new-song/ |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=XXL Mag}}</ref> Kash Doll o ne a golola pina e le nngwe e e bidiwang "Hustla" ka Moranang wa 2019, e e neng e bua ka maitemogelo a gagwe a go bereka kwa ditlelapeng tsa batho ba ba sa aparang. O boletse fa a leka go lemosa le go buelela basadi mo indasetering eo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 11, 2018 |title=Kash Doll Tells Us What It Was Like When Rihanna Slid Into Her DMs |url=https://nylon.com/articles/kash-doll-interview |access-date=April 25, 2019 |website=NYLON}}</ref> Ka June 7, 2019, Kash Doll o ne a golola pina ya gagwe e ntšha e e bidiwang "Kitten" e e nang le rapper wa kwa Amerika e bong [[Lil Wayne]]. Kash Doll o tlhageletse mo go rapper wa kwa Australia Iggy Azalea mo go [["Fuck It Up""]] go tswa go Azalea's 2019 studio album, [[In My Defense]]. Kash Doll gape e ne e le moopedi wa go bula [[Meek Mill']]<nowiki/>s 2019 The Motivation Tour..<ref name=":0" /> O ne a simolola go tlhagelela mo thelebišeneng jaaka ene ka boene mo dikgaolong di le 2 tsa Empire ka 2020. O na le seabe sa go boeletsa jaaka Monique mo Starz series BMF go tloga ka 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Kash Doll is Cashing in on the Renaissance for Black Women Rappers |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestheculture/2021/01/22/how-kash-doll-is-cashing-in-on-the-renaissance-for-black-women-rappers/?sh=360e512b1193 |website=Forbes.com}}</ref> Ka Lwetse 2021, Kash Doll o ne a itsise mo Instagram gore o lebeletse ngwana wa gagwe wa ntlha le rapper wa Atlanta, Tracy T.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Letman |first=Aleisha |date=2021-09-24 |title=Congratulations! Kash Doll Announces She's Expecting Her First Baby With Rapper Baby Daddy Tracy T |url=https://bossip.com/2043043/congratulations-kash-doll-announced-shes-expecting-her-first-baby-with-rapper-baby-daddy-tracy-t/ |website=[[Bossip]]}}</ref> O ne a tshelola ngwana wa mosimane ka Ferikgong 6, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-10 |title=First Photos!: Rapper Kash Doll Gives Birth And Proudly Introduces Her Baby Boy Kashton To The World |url=https://www.bet.com/article/t6n1y3/kash-doll-baby-boy-kashton-first-photos |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110185207/https://www.bet.com/article/t6n1y3/kash-doll-baby-boy-kashton-first-photos |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |publisher=[[BET]]}}</ref> Ka Mopitlwe 2024, Kash Doll o ne a itsise mo Instagram gore o lebeletse ngwana wa gagwe wa bobedi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Kash Doll Is Pregnant! Rapper Expecting Baby No. 2 with Boyfriend Tracy T: 'Extending My Family' (Exclusive) |url=https://people.com/kash-doll-is-pregnant-rapper-expecting-baby-no-2-with-boyfriend-tracy-t-exclusive-8608002 |access-date= |website=People |language=en}}</ref> O ne a belega ngwana wa mosetsana ka Seetebosigo 12, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-17 |title=Kash Doll Announces Arrival Of Her Daughter In Father's Day Tribute |url=https://www.bet.com/article/6i2uyx/kash-doll-announces-arrival-of-her-daughter-in-fathers-day-tribute |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617144814/https://www.bet.com/article/6i2uyx/kash-doll-announces-arrival-of-her-daughter-in-fathers-day-tribute |archive-date=June 17, 2024 |access-date= |website=[[BET]] |language=en}}</ref> == Difilimi == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Role ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- |2020 |''Empire'' |Herself |Season 6, 2 episodes |- |2021&#x2014;2025 |''BMF'' |Monique |Recurring role (seasons 1&#x2014;2): Main cast (season 4&#x2014;present) |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Diarra from Detroit'' |Maisha |Recurring role |- |''Married to Medicine'' |Herself |Episode: "Quad Gets Her Groove Back" |- |''Baddies Midwest &amp;amp; Gone Wild Auditions'' |Herself |Judge |} === Disingle === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" !Song !Year !Album |- ! scope="row" |"His & Hers" |2015 | rowspan="4" {{N/A|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |"Run Me My Money" | rowspan="2" |2016 |- ! scope="row" |"Accurate" |- ! scope="row" |"For Everybody" | rowspan="3" |2017 |- ! scope="row" |"Serious"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Natasha Mosley)</span> | rowspan="3" |''Brat Mail'' |- ! scope="row" |"Dancin" |- ! scope="row" |"Check" | rowspan="5" |2018 |- ! scope="row" |"Here I Go" | rowspan="3" |''The Vault'' |- ! scope="row" |"So Crazy" |- ! scope="row" |"Out of Line" |- ! scope="row" |"Ice Me Out" |''Stacked'' |- ! scope="row" |"Hustla" | rowspan="5" |2019 | {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" |"Kitten"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Lil Wayne)</span> | rowspan="3" |''Stacked'' |- ! scope="row" |"Ready Set"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Big Sean)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Mobb'n" |- ! scope="row" |"How It's Done"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(with Kim Petras, Stefflon Don, and Alma)</span> |''Charlie's Angels'' |- ! scope="row" |"Bad Azz"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(with DJ Infamous featuring Benny the Butcher and Latto)</span> | rowspan="2" |2020 | rowspan="5" {{N/A|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |"Bossa Nova"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Tee Grizzley)</span> |- |- ! scope="row" |"Thumbin" | rowspan="3" |2021 |- ! scope="row" |"Like A Pro"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Juicy J)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Single & Happy"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Wale & Eric Bellinger)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Oh Boy"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Skilla Baby, Cash Kidd, Risktaker D-Boy & Djbj 3525)</span> | rowspan="3" |2023 | rowspan="2" |''Back on Dexter'' |- ! scope="row" |"Add It Up"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Lakeyah)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Ridin" |{{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" |"Power" | rowspan="6" |2024 | rowspan="6" |''The Last Doll'' |- ! scope="row" |"Big 1" |- ! scope="row" |"Fawk Em" |- ! scope="row" |"Pressin"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Tee Grizzley)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Kash Kommandments" |- ! scope="row" |"Comfy"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Tink)</span> |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] [[Karolo:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Karolo:Articles with short description]] 9416h3mo9yrfpeuo38cdxp6u2sisezs 56331 56330 2026-10-06T10:32:45Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kash Doll | image = Kash Doll in 2021.png | caption = Kash Doll ka 2021 | birth_date = Mopitlo 14, 1989 | birth_place = Detroit, Michigan | nationality = | occupation = Moopedi, Mokwadi wa dipina | known_for = | years_active = 2014- le gompieno }} '''Arkeisha Antoinette Knight''' (o belegwe ka Mopitlo 14, 1989), yo o itsegeng ka leina la '''Kash Doll''', ke rapper wa kwa Amerika le motshameki wa difilimi go tswa kwa [[Detroit]], Michigan. O saenetse kwa [[Republic Records]], o itsege thata ka dipina tsa gagwe tsa "For Everybody" (2017) le "Ice Me Out" (2018), ya bofelo e ne ya nna ya ntlha go tswa mo alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha [[Stacked]] (2019). Alebamo ya gagwe ya bobedi, The Last Doll, e ne ya gololwa kwa bokhutlong jwa 2024. Kash Doll o dirisane le bataki ba ba akaretsang [[Meek Mill]], Big Sean, [[Iggy Azalea]], [[DreamDoll]] le K. Michelle.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://www.xxlmag.com/news/2017/06/kash-doll-the-break-interview/|title=The Break Presents: Kash Doll- XXL|last=C.M|first=Emmanuel|language=en|access-date=March 19, 2019}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Kash Doll o tshotswe ka Mopitlwe 14, 1989, mme a golela kwa [[Detroit]], Michigan. E re ka e ne e le ene yo mogolo mo baneng ba le barataro, o ne a simolola go bereka a sa le monnye gore a thuse mmaagwe yo o neng a nna a le nosi go tlamela lelapa la bone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2019 |title=Kash Doll |url=http://www.republicrecords.com/artists/kash-doll |access-date=May 2, 2019 |website=Republic Records |language=en}}</ref> O ne a na le keletso ya go rap a sa le monnye mme a simolola go dira freestyling le go kwala mafoko a dipina a sa le mosetsana yo monnye..<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2019 |title=Kash Doll |url=http://www.republicrecords.com/artists/kash-doll |access-date=April 25, 2019 |website=Republic Records |language=en}}</ref> O ne a ya kwa [[Henry Ford College]] go ya go ithutela go laola kgwebo mme a tlogela morago ga ngwaga. Gore a kgone go tlamela lelapa la gagwe ka madi, Kash o ne a nna motantshi wa disutu. Fa a ntse a dira jaaka motantshi, Kash o ne a tle a rap mme kgabagare a simolola go bona madi go tswa go bareki kwa tlelapeng ya bosigo a sa tlhoke go bina. Go ne ga begwa gore bosigo bongwe o ne a dira $26000.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Everything You Need To Know About Kash Doll |url=https://www.thefader.com/2017/05/17/everything-you-need-to-know-kash-doll |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=The FADER |language=en}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Kwa tshimologong ya tiro ya gagwe, Kash Doll o ne a tshameka mo ditlelapeng tsa selegae, dikolong le mo ditiragalong tsa go thusa mo tikologong ya Detroit. Moragonyana Kash Doll o ne a saena tumalano le khampani ya rekoto ya lefelo leo kwa Detroit e e neng ya se ka ya atlega. Morago ga moo o ne a simolola go dirisa metswedi ya dikgang go aga balatedi ka go ntsha dibidio tse dikhutshwane tsa gagwe a ntse a tshameka mmino wa repe. [[Drake]] o ne a dirisa Instagram go mo laletsa go mo bulela moletlo wa gagwe wa [[Summer Sixteen Tour]] stop kwa Detroit.<ref name=":1" /> Kash Doll o ne a dira remix ya pina ya ga [[Tinashe]] ya "2 On" ka 2015. Morago ga moo o ne a golola bidio ya pina ya gagwe e e bidiwang "Run Me My Money", e e neng ya anama thata ka 2015. Mo go one ngwaga oo o ne a golola mixtape ya gagwe, Keisha vs Kash Doll.<ref name=":5" /> Mo go one ngwaga oo o ne a golola mixtape ya gagwe, Keisha vs Kash Doll".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=October 11, 2018 |title=Kash Doll Tells Us What It Was Like When Rihanna Slid Into Her DMs |url=https://nylon.com/articles/kash-doll-interview |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=Nylon}}</ref> Ka Sedimonthole 2017, Kash Doll o ne a tlhagelela mo go [[Big Sean]] le [[Metro Boomin']]<nowiki/>s single [["So Good"]]. Morago ga go gololwa mo tumalanong ya gagwe ya pele, ka July 16, 2018, o ne a golola EP e e bidiwang The Vault mo dithulaganyong tsa go gasa. Bidio nngwe ya mmino go tswa mo EP, "For Everybody", e ne ya bonwa go feta dimilione di le 10 mo [[YouTube.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2018 |title=Kash Doll |url=https://the360mag.com/kash-doll/ |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=360 Magazine}}</ref> O ne a ntsha mixtape e e bidiwang Brat Mail ka letsatsi la gagwe la matsalo ka 2018. E ne ya neelwa balatedi ba gagwe, bao a ba bitsang "Bratz".<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=II |first=C. Vernon Coleman |date=March 17, 2018 |title=Kash Doll Delivers 'Brat Mail' Mixtape – XXL |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/new-music/2018/03/kash-doll-brat-mail-mixtape/ |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=XXL Mag}}</ref> Ka Phatwe 2018, Kash Doll o ne a saena tumalano ya rekoto le [[Republic Records]]. Morago ga moo o ne a golola pina ya gagwe ya ntlha e le karolo ya tumalano eo, "Ice Me Out"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berry |first=Peter A. |date=August 24, 2018 |title=Kash Doll "Ice Me Out": Listen to Stuntastic New Anthem – XXL |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/new-music/2018/08/kash-doll-ice-me-out-new-song/ |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=XXL Mag}}</ref> Kash Doll o ne a golola pina e le nngwe e e bidiwang "Hustla" ka Moranang wa 2019, e e neng e bua ka maitemogelo a gagwe a go bereka kwa ditlelapeng tsa batho ba ba sa aparang. O boletse fa a leka go lemosa le go buelela basadi mo indasetering eo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 11, 2018 |title=Kash Doll Tells Us What It Was Like When Rihanna Slid Into Her DMs |url=https://nylon.com/articles/kash-doll-interview |access-date=April 25, 2019 |website=NYLON}}</ref> Ka June 7, 2019, Kash Doll o ne a golola pina ya gagwe e ntšha e e bidiwang "Kitten" e e nang le rapper wa kwa Amerika e bong [[Lil Wayne]]. Kash Doll o tlhageletse mo go rapper wa kwa Australia Iggy Azalea mo go [["Fuck It Up""]] go tswa go Azalea's 2019 studio album, [[In My Defense]]. Kash Doll gape e ne e le moopedi wa go bula [[Meek Mill']]<nowiki/>s 2019 The Motivation Tour..<ref name=":0" /> O ne a simolola go tlhagelela mo thelebišeneng jaaka ene ka boene mo dikgaolong di le 2 tsa Empire ka 2020. O na le seabe sa go boeletsa jaaka Monique mo Starz series BMF go tloga ka 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Kash Doll is Cashing in on the Renaissance for Black Women Rappers |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestheculture/2021/01/22/how-kash-doll-is-cashing-in-on-the-renaissance-for-black-women-rappers/?sh=360e512b1193 |website=Forbes.com}}</ref> Ka Lwetse 2021, Kash Doll o ne a itsise mo Instagram gore o lebeletse ngwana wa gagwe wa ntlha le rapper wa Atlanta, Tracy T.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Letman |first=Aleisha |date=2021-09-24 |title=Congratulations! Kash Doll Announces She's Expecting Her First Baby With Rapper Baby Daddy Tracy T |url=https://bossip.com/2043043/congratulations-kash-doll-announced-shes-expecting-her-first-baby-with-rapper-baby-daddy-tracy-t/ |website=[[Bossip]]}}</ref> O ne a tshelola ngwana wa mosimane ka Ferikgong 6, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-10 |title=First Photos!: Rapper Kash Doll Gives Birth And Proudly Introduces Her Baby Boy Kashton To The World |url=https://www.bet.com/article/t6n1y3/kash-doll-baby-boy-kashton-first-photos |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110185207/https://www.bet.com/article/t6n1y3/kash-doll-baby-boy-kashton-first-photos |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |publisher=[[BET]]}}</ref> Ka Mopitlwe 2024, Kash Doll o ne a itsise mo Instagram gore o lebeletse ngwana wa gagwe wa bobedi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Kash Doll Is Pregnant! Rapper Expecting Baby No. 2 with Boyfriend Tracy T: 'Extending My Family' (Exclusive) |url=https://people.com/kash-doll-is-pregnant-rapper-expecting-baby-no-2-with-boyfriend-tracy-t-exclusive-8608002 |access-date= |website=People |language=en}}</ref> O ne a belega ngwana wa mosetsana ka Seetebosigo 12, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-17 |title=Kash Doll Announces Arrival Of Her Daughter In Father's Day Tribute |url=https://www.bet.com/article/6i2uyx/kash-doll-announces-arrival-of-her-daughter-in-fathers-day-tribute |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617144814/https://www.bet.com/article/6i2uyx/kash-doll-announces-arrival-of-her-daughter-in-fathers-day-tribute |archive-date=June 17, 2024 |access-date= |website=[[BET]] |language=en}}</ref> == Difilimi == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Role ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- |2020 |''Empire'' |Herself |Season 6, 2 episodes |- |2021&#x2014;2025 |''BMF'' |Monique |Recurring role (seasons 1&#x2014;2): Main cast (season 4&#x2014;present) |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Diarra from Detroit'' |Maisha |Recurring role |- |''Married to Medicine'' |Herself |Episode: "Quad Gets Her Groove Back" |- |''Baddies Midwest &amp;amp; Gone Wild Auditions'' |Herself |Judge |} === Disingle === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" !Song !Year !Album |- ! scope="row" |"His & Hers" |2015 | rowspan="4" {{N/A|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |"Run Me My Money" | rowspan="2" |2016 |- ! scope="row" |"Accurate" |- ! scope="row" |"For Everybody" | rowspan="3" |2017 |- ! scope="row" |"Serious"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Natasha Mosley)</span> | rowspan="3" |''Brat Mail'' |- ! scope="row" |"Dancin" |- ! scope="row" |"Check" | rowspan="5" |2018 |- ! scope="row" |"Here I Go" | rowspan="3" |''The Vault'' |- ! scope="row" |"So Crazy" |- ! scope="row" |"Out of Line" |- ! scope="row" |"Ice Me Out" |''Stacked'' |- ! scope="row" |"Hustla" | rowspan="5" |2019 | {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" |"Kitten"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Lil Wayne)</span> | rowspan="3" |''Stacked'' |- ! scope="row" |"Ready Set"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Big Sean)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Mobb'n" |- ! scope="row" |"How It's Done"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(with Kim Petras, Stefflon Don, and Alma)</span> |''Charlie's Angels'' |- ! scope="row" |"Bad Azz"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(with DJ Infamous featuring Benny the Butcher and Latto)</span> | rowspan="2" |2020 | rowspan="5" {{N/A|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |"Bossa Nova"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Tee Grizzley)</span> |- |- ! scope="row" |"Thumbin" | rowspan="3" |2021 |- ! scope="row" |"Like A Pro"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Juicy J)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Single & Happy"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Wale & Eric Bellinger)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Oh Boy"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Skilla Baby, Cash Kidd, Risktaker D-Boy & Djbj 3525)</span> | rowspan="3" |2023 | rowspan="2" |''Back on Dexter'' |- ! scope="row" |"Add It Up"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Lakeyah)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Ridin" |{{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" |"Power" | rowspan="6" |2024 | rowspan="6" |''The Last Doll'' |- ! scope="row" |"Big 1" |- ! scope="row" |"Fawk Em" |- ! scope="row" |"Pressin"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Tee Grizzley)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Kash Kommandments" |- ! scope="row" |"Comfy"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Tink)</span> |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] [[Karolo:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Karolo:Articles with short description]] syfh0b7j9aulnuv15rmy76ko15mkq7z 56332 56331 2026-10-06T10:34:02Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kash Doll | image = Kash Doll in 2021.png | caption = Kash Doll ka 2021 | birth_date = Mopitlo 14, 1989 | birth_place = Detroit, Michigan | nationality = | occupation = Moopedi, Mokwadi wa dipina | known_for = | years_active = 2014- le gompieno }} '''Arkeisha Antoinette Knight''' (o belegwe ka Mopitlo 14, 1989), yo o itsegeng ka leina la '''Kash Doll''', ke rapper wa kwa Amerika le motshameki wa difilimi go tswa kwa [[Detroit]], Michigan. O saenetse kwa [[Republic Records]], o itsege thata ka dipina tsa gagwe tsa "For Everybody" (2017) le "Ice Me Out" (2018), ya bofelo e ne ya nna ya ntlha go tswa mo alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha [[Stacked]] (2019). Alebamo ya gagwe ya bobedi, The Last Doll, e ne ya gololwa kwa bokhutlong jwa 2024. Kash Doll o dirisane le bataki ba ba akaretsang [[Meek Mill]], Big Sean, [[Iggy Azalea]], [[DreamDoll]] le K. Michelle.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://www.xxlmag.com/news/2017/06/kash-doll-the-break-interview/|title=The Break Presents: Kash Doll- XXL|last=C.M|first=Emmanuel|language=en|access-date=March 19, 2019}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Kash Doll o tshotswe ka Mopitlwe 14, 1989, mme a golela kwa [[Detroit]], Michigan. E re ka e ne e le ene yo mogolo mo baneng ba le barataro, o ne a simolola go bereka a sa le monnye gore a thuse mmaagwe yo o neng a nna a le nosi go tlamela lelapa la bone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2019 |title=Kash Doll |url=http://www.republicrecords.com/artists/kash-doll |access-date=May 2, 2019 |website=Republic Records |language=en}}</ref> O ne a na le keletso ya go rap a sa le monnye mme a simolola go dira freestyling le go kwala mafoko a dipina a sa le mosetsana yo monnye..<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2019 |title=Kash Doll |url=http://www.republicrecords.com/artists/kash-doll |access-date=April 25, 2019 |website=Republic Records |language=en}}</ref> O ne a ya kwa [[Henry Ford College]] go ya go ithutela go laola kgwebo mme a tlogela morago ga ngwaga. Gore a kgone go tlamela lelapa la gagwe ka madi, Kash o ne a nna motantshi wa disutu. Fa a ntse a dira jaaka motantshi, Kash o ne a tle a rap mme kgabagare a simolola go bona madi go tswa go bareki kwa tlelapeng ya bosigo a sa tlhoke go bina. Go ne ga begwa gore bosigo bongwe o ne a dira $26000.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Everything You Need To Know About Kash Doll |url=https://www.thefader.com/2017/05/17/everything-you-need-to-know-kash-doll |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=The FADER |language=en}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Kwa tshimologong ya tiro ya gagwe, Kash Doll o ne a tshameka mo ditlelapeng tsa selegae, dikolong le mo ditiragalong tsa go thusa mo tikologong ya Detroit. Moragonyana Kash Doll o ne a saena tumalano le khampani ya rekoto ya lefelo leo kwa Detroit e e neng ya se ka ya atlega. Morago ga moo o ne a simolola go dirisa metswedi ya dikgang go aga balatedi ka go ntsha dibidio tse dikhutshwane tsa gagwe a ntse a tshameka mmino wa repe. [[Drake]] o ne a dirisa Instagram go mo laletsa go mo bulela moletlo wa gagwe wa [[Summer Sixteen Tour]] stop kwa Detroit.<ref name=":1" /> Kash Doll o ne a dira remix ya pina ya ga [[Tinashe]] ya "2 On" ka 2015. Morago ga moo o ne a golola bidio ya pina ya gagwe e e bidiwang "Run Me My Money", e e neng ya anama thata ka 2015. Mo go one ngwaga oo o ne a golola mixtape ya gagwe, Keisha vs Kash Doll.<ref name=":5" /> Mo go one ngwaga oo o ne a golola mixtape ya gagwe, Keisha vs Kash Doll".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=October 11, 2018 |title=Kash Doll Tells Us What It Was Like When Rihanna Slid Into Her DMs |url=https://nylon.com/articles/kash-doll-interview |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=Nylon}}</ref> Ka Sedimonthole 2017, Kash Doll o ne a tlhagelela mo go [[Big Sean]] le [[Metro Boomin']]<nowiki/>s single [["So Good"]]. Morago ga go gololwa mo tumalanong ya gagwe ya pele, ka July 16, 2018, o ne a golola EP e e bidiwang The Vault mo dithulaganyong tsa go gasa. Bidio nngwe ya mmino go tswa mo EP, "For Everybody", e ne ya bonwa go feta dimilione di le 10 mo [[YouTube.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2018 |title=Kash Doll |url=https://the360mag.com/kash-doll/ |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=360 Magazine}}</ref> O ne a ntsha mixtape e e bidiwang Brat Mail ka letsatsi la gagwe la matsalo ka 2018. E ne ya neelwa balatedi ba gagwe, bao a ba bitsang "Bratz".<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=II |first=C. Vernon Coleman |date=March 17, 2018 |title=Kash Doll Delivers 'Brat Mail' Mixtape – XXL |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/new-music/2018/03/kash-doll-brat-mail-mixtape/ |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=XXL Mag}}</ref> Ka Phatwe 2018, Kash Doll o ne a saena tumalano ya rekoto le [[Republic Records]]. Morago ga moo o ne a golola pina ya gagwe ya ntlha e le karolo ya tumalano eo, "Ice Me Out"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berry |first=Peter A. |date=August 24, 2018 |title=Kash Doll "Ice Me Out": Listen to Stuntastic New Anthem – XXL |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/new-music/2018/08/kash-doll-ice-me-out-new-song/ |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=XXL Mag}}</ref> Kash Doll o ne a golola pina e le nngwe e e bidiwang "Hustla" ka Moranang wa 2019, e e neng e bua ka maitemogelo a gagwe a go bereka kwa ditlelapeng tsa batho ba ba sa aparang. O boletse fa a leka go lemosa le go buelela basadi mo indasetering eo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 11, 2018 |title=Kash Doll Tells Us What It Was Like When Rihanna Slid Into Her DMs |url=https://nylon.com/articles/kash-doll-interview |access-date=April 25, 2019 |website=NYLON}}</ref> Ka June 7, 2019, Kash Doll o ne a golola pina ya gagwe e ntšha e e bidiwang "Kitten" e e nang le rapper wa kwa Amerika e bong [[Lil Wayne]]. Kash Doll o tlhageletse mo go rapper wa kwa Australia Iggy Azalea mo go [["Fuck It Up""]] go tswa go Azalea's 2019 studio album, [[In My Defense]]. Kash Doll gape e ne e le moopedi wa go bula [[Meek Mill']]<nowiki/>s 2019 The Motivation Tour..<ref name=":0" /> O ne a simolola go tlhagelela mo thelebišeneng jaaka ene ka boene mo dikgaolong di le 2 tsa Empire ka 2020. O na le seabe sa go boeletsa jaaka Monique mo Starz series BMF go tloga ka 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Kash Doll is Cashing in on the Renaissance for Black Women Rappers |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestheculture/2021/01/22/how-kash-doll-is-cashing-in-on-the-renaissance-for-black-women-rappers/?sh=360e512b1193 |website=Forbes.com}}</ref> Ka Lwetse 2021, Kash Doll o ne a itsise mo Instagram gore o lebeletse ngwana wa gagwe wa ntlha le rapper wa Atlanta, Tracy T.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Letman |first=Aleisha |date=2021-09-24 |title=Congratulations! Kash Doll Announces She's Expecting Her First Baby With Rapper Baby Daddy Tracy T |url=https://bossip.com/2043043/congratulations-kash-doll-announced-shes-expecting-her-first-baby-with-rapper-baby-daddy-tracy-t/ |website=[[Bossip]]}}</ref> O ne a tshelola ngwana wa mosimane ka Ferikgong 6, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-10 |title=First Photos!: Rapper Kash Doll Gives Birth And Proudly Introduces Her Baby Boy Kashton To The World |url=https://www.bet.com/article/t6n1y3/kash-doll-baby-boy-kashton-first-photos |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110185207/https://www.bet.com/article/t6n1y3/kash-doll-baby-boy-kashton-first-photos |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |publisher=[[BET]]}}</ref> Ka Mopitlwe 2024, Kash Doll o ne a itsise mo Instagram gore o lebeletse ngwana wa gagwe wa bobedi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Kash Doll Is Pregnant! Rapper Expecting Baby No. 2 with Boyfriend Tracy T: 'Extending My Family' (Exclusive) |url=https://people.com/kash-doll-is-pregnant-rapper-expecting-baby-no-2-with-boyfriend-tracy-t-exclusive-8608002 |access-date= |website=People |language=en}}</ref> O ne a belega ngwana wa mosetsana ka Seetebosigo 12, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-17 |title=Kash Doll Announces Arrival Of Her Daughter In Father's Day Tribute |url=https://www.bet.com/article/6i2uyx/kash-doll-announces-arrival-of-her-daughter-in-fathers-day-tribute |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617144814/https://www.bet.com/article/6i2uyx/kash-doll-announces-arrival-of-her-daughter-in-fathers-day-tribute |archive-date=June 17, 2024 |access-date= |website=[[BET]] |language=en}}</ref> == Difilimi == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ngwaga !Sethogo !Karolo ! class="unsortable" |Dinopolo |- |2020 |''Empire'' |Herself |Season 6, 2 episodes |- |2021&#x2014;2025 |''BMF'' |Monique |Recurring role (seasons 1&#x2014;2): Main cast (season 4&#x2014;present) |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Diarra from Detroit'' |Maisha |Recurring role |- |''Married to Medicine'' |Herself |Episode: "Quad Gets Her Groove Back" |- |''Baddies Midwest &amp;amp; Gone Wild Auditions'' |Herself |Judge |} === Disingle === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" !Pina !Ngwaga !Alobamo |- ! scope="row" |"His & Hers" |2015 | rowspan="4" {{N/A|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |"Run Me My Money" | rowspan="2" |2016 |- ! scope="row" |"Accurate" |- ! scope="row" |"For Everybody" | rowspan="3" |2017 |- ! scope="row" |"Serious"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Natasha Mosley)</span> | rowspan="3" |''Brat Mail'' |- ! scope="row" |"Dancin" |- ! scope="row" |"Check" | rowspan="5" |2018 |- ! scope="row" |"Here I Go" | rowspan="3" |''The Vault'' |- ! scope="row" |"So Crazy" |- ! scope="row" |"Out of Line" |- ! scope="row" |"Ice Me Out" |''Stacked'' |- ! scope="row" |"Hustla" | rowspan="5" |2019 | {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" |"Kitten"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Lil Wayne)</span> | rowspan="3" |''Stacked'' |- ! scope="row" |"Ready Set"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Big Sean)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Mobb'n" |- ! scope="row" |"How It's Done"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(with Kim Petras, Stefflon Don, and Alma)</span> |''Charlie's Angels'' |- ! scope="row" |"Bad Azz"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(with DJ Infamous featuring Benny the Butcher and Latto)</span> | rowspan="2" |2020 | rowspan="5" {{N/A|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |"Bossa Nova"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Tee Grizzley)</span> |- |- ! scope="row" |"Thumbin" | rowspan="3" |2021 |- ! scope="row" |"Like A Pro"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Juicy J)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Single & Happy"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Wale & Eric Bellinger)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Oh Boy"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Skilla Baby, Cash Kidd, Risktaker D-Boy & Djbj 3525)</span> | rowspan="3" |2023 | rowspan="2" |''Back on Dexter'' |- ! scope="row" |"Add It Up"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Lakeyah)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Ridin" |{{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" |"Power" | rowspan="6" |2024 | rowspan="6" |''The Last Doll'' |- ! scope="row" |"Big 1" |- ! scope="row" |"Fawk Em" |- ! scope="row" |"Pressin"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Tee Grizzley)</span> |- ! scope="row" |"Kash Kommandments" |- ! scope="row" |"Comfy"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Tink)</span> |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] qdmuibiougbvamijb504jfqyegimu9o 0 15517 56333 2026-10-06T10:48:25Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342158261|Godliver Gordian]]" 56333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Godliver Gordian''' Ke motshameki wa difilimi tsa Tanzania .<ref name="TF">{{Cite web |title=NOMINEES AND TAFFESTS |url=https://theafricanfilmfestival.org/Festival/Winners/2016 |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=TAFF}}</ref> Ke karolo ya mokgatlho wa batho wa kwa [[New York]], Global Medical Relief Fund, mme o thusitse baalogi ba ma-albino go bona ditiro ka go bua le bathapi mo boemong jwa bone, go sa kgathalesege poifo e e amanang le ma-albino kwa [[Tanzania]]..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ager |first=Susan |title=For Them, Being Pale Can Bring Scorn, Threats, and Worse |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2017/06/albinism-health-genetics-society/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603074833/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2017/06/albinism-health-genetics-society/ |archive-date=June 3, 2017 |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=National Geographic}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Gordian o ne a tshameka mo go Jordan Riber 2012 halofo ya ura ka puo ya Seswahili TV Series e e nang le setlhogo, [[Siri ya Mtungi]], mo a neng a tshameka karolo ya "Cheusi". Filimi e ne gape e na le batho ba ba tshwanang le [[Beatrice Taisamo]], [[Yvonne Cherrie]] le ba bangwe.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Siri Ya Mtungi |publisher=Worldcat |oclc=1019443274}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Siri ya Mtungi full cast |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt2551356/?ref_=m_ttfc_tt |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Ka 2015, o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo mo filiming ya terama ya kwa Tanzania e e tlhamilweng ke Chande Omar e e nang le setlhogo se se reng, Aisha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aisha (Tanzania) |url=https://www.evasguide.com/east-africa/movies/aisha-tanzania-movie/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113111137/https://www.evasguide.com/east-africa/movies/aisha-tanzania-movie/ |archive-date=November 13, 2021 |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=Evas Guide}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aisha |url=http://www.spla.pro/file.film.aisha.17220.html |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=SPLA}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, o ne a tlhophiwa mo kgaisanong ya The African Film and Arts Festival (TAFF) mo kgaisanong ya Best Actress, ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe mo filiming, Aisha.<ref name="TF" /> O ne a tlhophiwa go nna motshameki yo o gaisang mo kgaisanong ya Azam Bongo Movie Awards ka 2016 Zanzibar International Film Festival (ZIFF)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zanzibar International Film Festival (ZIFF) 2016 {{!}} 19th edition |url=https://africultures.com/evenements/?no=41938 |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=Africultures}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 20, 2016 |title=Zanzibar International Film Festival 2016 Award Winners |url=https://cineequal.org/3950-ziff-2016-award-winners/ |access-date=November 10, 2020 |publisher=CinéEqual}}</ref> a e fenya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 19, 2016 |title=East African Films Dominate ZIFF 2016 Awards |url=https://www.filmcontact.com/news/tanzania/east-african-films-dominate-ziff-2016-awards |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113110647/https://www.filmcontact.com/news/tanzania/east-african-films-dominate-ziff-2016-awards |archive-date=November 13, 2021 |access-date=November 10, 2020 |publisher=Film Contact}}</ref> O ne gape a tlhagelela mo filiming ya 2016 ya metlae ya [[Seko Shamte]] e e bidiwang, Homecoming.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 29, 2016 |title=Homecoming (2016) |url=https://media.dream13.com/homecoming-2016/ |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=Dream13Media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Homecoming (1) (2016) |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt5116212/ |access-date=November 10, 2020 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> E ne e le motsamaisi wa go tshameka mo filimeng ya terama ya puo ya Seswahili ya kwa Tanzania e e gapileng dikgele di le dintsi ka 2017 ya ga Amil Shivji e e bidiwang, T-JUNCTION, e e tshamekilweng ke: Magdalena Christopher, Hawa Alisa (Hawa Ally), Cojack Chilo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=T-Junction |url=https://www.kijiweniproductions.com/films/tjunction |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=Kijiweni Productions}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=T-Junction |url=http://www.spla.pro/file.film.t-junction.20117.html |access-date=November 10, 2020 |publisher=SPLA}}</ref> Ka 2018, o ne a tshameka mo filiming ya puo ya Seswahili ya ga Jordan Riber, [[Bahasha]] (The Envelope), mo a neng a tshameka karolo ya Hidaya. Dinaledi tse dingwe di akaretsa [[Ayoub Bombwe]] le Godliver Gordian.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bahasha (2018) |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8540608/ |access-date=November 7, 2020 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Riber |first=Jordan |title=BAHASHA |url=https://torontoblackfilm.com/movie/bahasha/ |access-date=November 7, 2020 |publisher=Toronto International Black Film Festival}}</ref> O ne gape a tlhagelela mo filiming ya ga Seko Shamte ya Binti, e leng filimi ya terama ya kwa Tanzania e e rulaganyeditsweng go gololwa ka 2021. O ne a tshameka karolo ya "Rose".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Binti (2021) |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt11867140/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i3 |access-date=November 10, 2020 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> == Difilimi == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Notes ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Ref. |- |2023 |''Jasiri'' |Rose Ambani |Short film | |- |2021 |''Binti'' |Actress (''Rose'') |Drama | |- |2018 |''Bahasha (The Envelope)'' |Actress (''Zawadi'') |Drama | |- |2017 |''T-Junction'' |Casting director |Drama | |- |2016 |''Homecoming'' |Actress |Comedy drama | |- |2015 |''Aisha'' |Actress (''Aisha'') |Drama | |- |2012 |''Siri ya Mtungi'' |Actress (''Cheusi'') |Short TV series; Drama | |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] om6x7una5yuu7nhuob2rkdls8k405lw 56334 56333 2026-10-06T10:52:15Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Godliver Gordian | image = | caption = | birth_date = | birth_place = | nationality = | occupation = Motshameki wa difilimi | known_for = Bahasha (2018), Aisha (2015), Siri ya Mtungi | years_active = }} '''Godliver Gordian''' Ke motshameki wa difilimi tsa Tanzania .<ref name="TF">{{Cite web |title=NOMINEES AND TAFFESTS |url=https://theafricanfilmfestival.org/Festival/Winners/2016 |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=TAFF}}</ref> Ke karolo ya mokgatlho wa batho wa kwa [[New York]], Global Medical Relief Fund, mme o thusitse baalogi ba ma-albino go bona ditiro ka go bua le bathapi mo boemong jwa bone, go sa kgathalesege poifo e e amanang le ma-albino kwa [[Tanzania]]..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ager |first=Susan |title=For Them, Being Pale Can Bring Scorn, Threats, and Worse |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2017/06/albinism-health-genetics-society/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603074833/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2017/06/albinism-health-genetics-society/ |archive-date=June 3, 2017 |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=National Geographic}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Gordian o ne a tshameka mo go Jordan Riber 2012 halofo ya ura ka puo ya Seswahili TV Series e e nang le setlhogo, [[Siri ya Mtungi]], mo a neng a tshameka karolo ya "Cheusi". Filimi e ne gape e na le batho ba ba tshwanang le [[Beatrice Taisamo]], [[Yvonne Cherrie]] le ba bangwe.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Siri Ya Mtungi |publisher=Worldcat |oclc=1019443274}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Siri ya Mtungi full cast |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt2551356/?ref_=m_ttfc_tt |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Ka 2015, o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo mo filiming ya terama ya kwa Tanzania e e tlhamilweng ke Chande Omar e e nang le setlhogo se se reng, Aisha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aisha (Tanzania) |url=https://www.evasguide.com/east-africa/movies/aisha-tanzania-movie/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113111137/https://www.evasguide.com/east-africa/movies/aisha-tanzania-movie/ |archive-date=November 13, 2021 |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=Evas Guide}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aisha |url=http://www.spla.pro/file.film.aisha.17220.html |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=SPLA}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, o ne a tlhophiwa mo kgaisanong ya The African Film and Arts Festival (TAFF) mo kgaisanong ya Best Actress, ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe mo filiming, Aisha.<ref name="TF" /> O ne a tlhophiwa go nna motshameki yo o gaisang mo kgaisanong ya Azam Bongo Movie Awards ka 2016 Zanzibar International Film Festival (ZIFF)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zanzibar International Film Festival (ZIFF) 2016 {{!}} 19th edition |url=https://africultures.com/evenements/?no=41938 |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=Africultures}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 20, 2016 |title=Zanzibar International Film Festival 2016 Award Winners |url=https://cineequal.org/3950-ziff-2016-award-winners/ |access-date=November 10, 2020 |publisher=CinéEqual}}</ref> a e fenya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 19, 2016 |title=East African Films Dominate ZIFF 2016 Awards |url=https://www.filmcontact.com/news/tanzania/east-african-films-dominate-ziff-2016-awards |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113110647/https://www.filmcontact.com/news/tanzania/east-african-films-dominate-ziff-2016-awards |archive-date=November 13, 2021 |access-date=November 10, 2020 |publisher=Film Contact}}</ref> O ne gape a tlhagelela mo filiming ya 2016 ya metlae ya [[Seko Shamte]] e e bidiwang, Homecoming.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 29, 2016 |title=Homecoming (2016) |url=https://media.dream13.com/homecoming-2016/ |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=Dream13Media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Homecoming (1) (2016) |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt5116212/ |access-date=November 10, 2020 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> E ne e le motsamaisi wa go tshameka mo filimeng ya terama ya puo ya Seswahili ya kwa Tanzania e e gapileng dikgele di le dintsi ka 2017 ya ga Amil Shivji e e bidiwang, T-JUNCTION, e e tshamekilweng ke: Magdalena Christopher, Hawa Alisa (Hawa Ally), Cojack Chilo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=T-Junction |url=https://www.kijiweniproductions.com/films/tjunction |access-date=November 9, 2020 |publisher=Kijiweni Productions}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=T-Junction |url=http://www.spla.pro/file.film.t-junction.20117.html |access-date=November 10, 2020 |publisher=SPLA}}</ref> Ka 2018, o ne a tshameka mo filiming ya puo ya Seswahili ya ga Jordan Riber, [[Bahasha]] (The Envelope), mo a neng a tshameka karolo ya Hidaya. Dinaledi tse dingwe di akaretsa [[Ayoub Bombwe]] le Godliver Gordian.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bahasha (2018) |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8540608/ |access-date=November 7, 2020 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Riber |first=Jordan |title=BAHASHA |url=https://torontoblackfilm.com/movie/bahasha/ |access-date=November 7, 2020 |publisher=Toronto International Black Film Festival}}</ref> O ne gape a tlhagelela mo filiming ya ga Seko Shamte ya Binti, e leng filimi ya terama ya kwa Tanzania e e rulaganyeditsweng go gololwa ka 2021. O ne a tshameka karolo ya "Rose".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Binti (2021) |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt11867140/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i3 |access-date=November 10, 2020 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> == Difilimi == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Ngwaga ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Difilimi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Karolo ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Dinopolo ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Ditshupiso |- |2023 |''Jasiri'' |Rose Ambani |Short film | |- |2021 |''Binti'' |Actress (''Rose'') |Drama | |- |2018 |''Bahasha (The Envelope)'' |Actress (''Zawadi'') |Drama | |- |2017 |''T-Junction'' |Casting director |Drama | |- |2016 |''Homecoming'' |Actress |Comedy drama | |- |2015 |''Aisha'' |Actress (''Aisha'') |Drama | |- |2012 |''Siri ya Mtungi'' |Actress (''Cheusi'') |Short TV series; Drama | |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] q2mh2ck3vmcqjaf938qmddb1alhimze 0 15518 56335 2026-10-06T10:58:51Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367994343|Kajala Masanja]]" 56335 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kajala Masanja''' (o tshotswe ka 1983) ke motshameki wa difilimi le naledi ya difilimi kwa [[Tanzania]].<ref name="allafrica">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania: Court Sets Free Bongo Movies Actress Kajala |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201608220322.html |access-date=2018-01-17 |website=allAfrica.com 22 August 2016 by Faustine Kapama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oduor |first=Martin |title=Staa wa filamu ya Bongo Kajala Masanja afunguka kuhusu yeye kutumia bangi - Ghafla!Tanzania |url=http://www.ghafla.com/tz/staa-wa-filamu-ya-bongo-kajala-masanja-afunguka-kuhusu-kutumia-bangi/ |website=www.ghafla.com}}</ref> O ne a gapa sekgele sa [[EATV]] ([[East Africa Television]]) sa 2016 sa motshameki wa moanô o o kwa godimo<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=JB ana mchango mkubwa kwenye kipaji changu - Kajala Masanja - Bongo5.com |url=http://bongo5.com/jb-ana-mchango-mkubwa-kwenye-kipaji-changu-kajala-masanja-12-2016/ |publisher=}}</ref> O ne a nyetswe ke motlamedi wa pele wa banka [[Faraji Chambo]]..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actress Kajala Hints Break-up With Harmonize |url=https://lookuptv.co.ke/story/actress-kajala-hints-break-up-with-harmonize/ |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=look up tv |language=en}}</ref> O ne a tlhagelela mo filiming ya 2012 [[Kijiji Cha Tambua Haki]] le [[Steven Kanumba]]. Ke ene yo go buiwang thata ka ene mo madirelong.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baya |first=Douglas |title=Sultry Tanzanian actress Kajala accused of breaking rich producer's marriage |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/271750-sultry-tanzanian-actress-kajala-accused-breaking-rich-producers-marriage.html |publisher=}}</ref> O ne a le mo Basilisa (2011) le Jeraha la Moyo (2012).<ref>{{Cite web |last=FP |first= |title=Kajala Masanja - Profile & Filmography - Fried Plantains |url=https://friedplantains.com/person/kajala-masanja |website=friedplantains.com}}</ref> == Difilimi == <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kajala Masanja - Actor, — Bongo Movies |url=http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/kajala-masanja |website=www.bongocinema.com}}</ref> * Kigodoro * Jeraha la Moyo * House Boy * Vita Baridi * House Girl & Boy * Dhuluma * Shortcut * Basilisa * You Me and Him * Devils Kingdom == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 7e6k8vk94tdz8t2jhpipyzpyljs7jtn 56336 56335 2026-10-06T11:01:00Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56336 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kajala Masanja''' (o tshotswe ka 1983) ke motshameki wa difilimi le naledi ya difilimi kwa [[Tanzania]].<ref name="allafrica">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania: Court Sets Free Bongo Movies Actress Kajala |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201608220322.html |access-date=2018-01-17 |website=allAfrica.com 22 August 2016 by Faustine Kapama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oduor |first=Martin |title=Staa wa filamu ya Bongo Kajala Masanja afunguka kuhusu yeye kutumia bangi - Ghafla!Tanzania |url=http://www.ghafla.com/tz/staa-wa-filamu-ya-bongo-kajala-masanja-afunguka-kuhusu-kutumia-bangi/ |website=www.ghafla.com}}</ref> O ne a gapa sekgele sa [[EATV]] ([[East Africa Television]]) sa 2016 sa motshameki wa moanô o o kwa godimo<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=JB ana mchango mkubwa kwenye kipaji changu - Kajala Masanja - Bongo5.com |url=http://bongo5.com/jb-ana-mchango-mkubwa-kwenye-kipaji-changu-kajala-masanja-12-2016/ |publisher=}}</ref> O ne a nyetswe ke motlamedi wa pele wa banka [[Faraji Chambo]]..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actress Kajala Hints Break-up With Harmonize |url=https://lookuptv.co.ke/story/actress-kajala-hints-break-up-with-harmonize/ |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=look up tv |language=en}}</ref> O ne a tlhagelela mo filiming ya 2012 [[Kijiji Cha Tambua Haki]] le [[Steven Kanumba]]. Ke ene yo go buiwang thata ka ene mo madirelong.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baya |first=Douglas |title=Sultry Tanzanian actress Kajala accused of breaking rich producer's marriage |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/271750-sultry-tanzanian-actress-kajala-accused-breaking-rich-producers-marriage.html |publisher=}}</ref> O ne a le mo Basilisa (2011) le Jeraha la Moyo (2012).<ref>{{Cite web |last=FP |first= |title=Kajala Masanja - Profile & Filmography - Fried Plantains |url=https://friedplantains.com/person/kajala-masanja |website=friedplantains.com}}</ref> == Difilimi == <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kajala Masanja - Actor, — Bongo Movies |url=http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/kajala-masanja |website=www.bongocinema.com}}</ref> * Kigodoro * Jeraha la Moyo * House Boy * Vita Baridi * House Girl & Boy * Dhuluma * Shortcut * Basilisa * You Me and Him * Devils Kingdom == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] 7deuyodtu6epa0k51iv99v3ooejaw97 0 15519 56338 2026-10-06T11:15:38Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372227007|Jacqueline Wolper]]" 56338 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacqueline Wolper Massawe''' (o tshotswe ka 06 Sedimonthole 1982), ke motshameki wa mo [[Tanzania]], mosadi wa kgwebo le modiri wa feshene. Wolper o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya difilimi ka 2007 mme o tlhageletse mo difiliming tse di fetang masome a mararo. <ref name="bongocinema.com">{{Cite web |title=Jacqueline Wolper &#124; Actor, Producer, — Bongo Movies - Buy Tanzania Movies and DVD's Online |url=http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/jacqueline-wolper}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele le dithutego == Wolper o belegetswe kwa [[Moshi]], [[Tanzania]].<ref name="muli">{{Cite news|title=If marriage was about looks, I would be married – Wolper|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/african-news/2001341592/if-marriage-was-about-looks-i-would-be-married-wolper}}</ref> O tsene sekolo sa Mawenzi Primary School pele a fudugela kwa Magrath, Ekenywa le Masai kwa sekolong.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2018 |title=Jacqueline Wolper biography |url=http://thecirclemediaplustv.com/jacqueline-wolper-biography/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114033543/http://thecirclemediaplustv.com/jacqueline-wolper-biography/ |archive-date=14 November 2021 |access-date=15 October 2020 |website=The Circle Media Plus TV}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Wolper o tsene mo intasetering ya difilimi tsa Tanzania ka 2007. Motshameki yo o tumileng wa dibaesekopo e bong Lucy Komba o ne a mmona mme a mo tlhotlheletsa gore a tsene mo kgwebong ya dibaesekopo. Wolper o ne a bereka kwa salong ya gagwe ya go kgabisa e kwa go yone Lucy e neng e le mongwe wa bareki ba gagwe ba ka metlha. O ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo filiming e e dirilweng ke Lucy Komba " Ama Zako Ama Zangu " mo a neng a tshameka jaaka mokwaledi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2011 |title=Nduguzangu: MJUE JACQUELINE WOLPER, TOKA SALUNI HADI UIGIZAJI NA NINYOTA YA TZ |url=https://kwanza2010.blogspot.com/2011/10/mjue-jacqueline-wolper-toka-saluni-hadi.html?m=1}}</ref> Moragonyana o ne a tlhagelela mo filiming ya " Oprah" , e e tlhamilweng ke moswi [[Steven Kanumba]] le mookamedi wa gagwe Mtitu Game. Go dira ga gagwe go ne ga dira gore batsamaisi ba mo laletse go tshameka mo difiliming tse dingwe tse di jaaka " Family Tears" le "Red Valentine " . Difilimi tsa gagwe tse di latelang di akaretsa Kipenzi Changu, Family Tears, Red Valentine, Surprise, Chaguo Langu, Candy, Taxi Driver le tse dingwe tse dintsi..<ref name="bongocinema.com" /> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Wolper o simolotse go ratana le moopedi yo o tumileng wa mmino Harmonize ka Motsheganong 2016. Le fa go ntse jalo, ba ne ba kgaogana ka Tlhakole 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jacqueline Wolper: Why I dumped Diamond Platnumz crony|url=https://edaily.co.ke/entertainment/jacqueline-wolper-why-i-dumped-diamond-platnumz-crony-125802/enews/eafrican/|date=23 February 2017}}</ref> O kile a tsena mo maratong le , [[Diamond Platnumz]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=15 East African celebrities Diamond Platnumz has dated (Photos)|url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/15-east-african-celebrities-diamond-platnumz-has-dated-photos/nljtzdr|date=4 November 2019}}</ref> Le fa a ne a kgatlhegela setso sa kwa Kenya, Wolper o ne a re ga a batle go nna le kamano le monna wa kwa Kenya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=I can't date a Kenyan man: Harmonize's ex-girlfriend Wolper|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/local-news/2001291422/i-can-t-date-a-kenyan-man-harmonize-s-ex-girlfriend-jacqueline-wolper|date=2018}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2018, o ne a itsise gore ke Mokeresete yo o tsetsweng seshwa.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Gesare|first1=Tracy|title=Harmonize's ex-girlfriend Jacqueline Wolper now born again|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/african-news/2001294064/harmonizes-ex-girlfriend-jacqueline-wolper-now-born-again|access-date=15 October 2020|work=[[The Standard (Kenya)|The Standard]]|date=2018}}</ref> Wolper o itsege ka dipolelo tsa gagwe tse di sa utlwaleng mo metsweding ya dikgang ya Tanzania, mme o tlhalositse fa a tshaba gore a ka nna a tsenwa ke boloi ka ntlha ya tsone.<ref name="muli" /> == Difilimi == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Title ! scope="col" |Role ! scope="col" |Notes |- | rowspan="2" |2007 |Ama Zako Ama Zangu |Secretary | |- |Kipenzi Changu |Lilian | |- | rowspan="3" |2008 |Oprah | | |- |Family Tears |Dr.Miranda | |- |Roho Sita Revelation | | |- | rowspan="7" |2009 |Red Valentine |Victoria | |- |Midnight | | |- |Unfortunate Love | | |- |Ndani Ya Gunia | | |- |Jozani | | |- |Last Minutes | | |- |Secretary |Sodana | |- | rowspan="6" |2010 |Mtumwa wa Mapenzi | | |- |Avenger | | |- |Pete ya Ajabu | | |- |Life 2 Life |Tunu | |- |Fake Love | | |- |Surprise | | |- | rowspan="13" |2011 |Candy |Candy | |- |Mtegoni | | |- |Wrong Decision |Fiona | |- |Eagle Eyes | | |- |All About Love | | |- |Mafisadi wa Mapenzi | | |- |Signature |Amanda | |- |Shoga Yangu | | |- |Aching Heart | | |- |Determination |Laurine | |- |Dunia Nyingine | | |- |The Impact | | |- |Mens Day Out | | |- | rowspan="18" |2012 |Dereva Taxi |Sharon | |- |Clinic Love | | |- |Gaitan | | |- |Swadakta |Angel | |- |God is Great | | |- |Moyo Wangu | | |- |Chaguo Langu |Elizabeth | |- |Time After Time |Anna | |- |My Intention | | |- |Diplomat | | |- |End of Evil |Sarah | |- |Chocolate | | |- |Mtekaji |Queen | |- |Ndoa Yangu |Sharon | |- |Lupepo Village | | |- |Hukumu Ya Mande | | |- |Total Love | | |- |Pusi na Paku | | |- | rowspan="16" |2013 |Mr Nobody | | |- |Ulimi | | |- |Curse of Marriage | | |- |I'm Not Your Brother | | |- |Babylon | | |- |Identity Card | | |- |Before Marriage | | |- |Think Before | | |- |Pain For Pain | | |- |Mahaba Niue | | |- |Tikisa | | |- |My Princess | | |- |Impossible | | |- |After Death | | |- |Mbegu | | |- |Crazy Desire |Prisca | |- | rowspan="5" |2014 |Nikole | | |- |Robson Rambo | | |- |Hard Price |Patricia | |- |Tom Boy | | |- |V.I.P |Sharon (President Daughter) | |- |2015 |Wake Up | | |- |2017 |Burundian in Dar |Kelly | |- |2019 |Shabiusi |Sakina | |- |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] irykz53j1q2g6fsavcrcaag22qf5j2j 56339 56338 2026-10-06T11:19:59Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jacqueline Wolper | image = | caption = | birth_date = 06 Sedimonthole 1982 | birth_place = Moshi, [[Tanzania]] | occupation = Motshameki wa difilimi, Motlhami wa difilimi, Mogwebi | known_for = | years_active = 2007-Le jaana }} '''Jacqueline Wolper Massawe''' (o tshotswe ka 06 Sedimonthole 1982), ke motshameki wa mo [[Tanzania]], mosadi wa kgwebo le modiri wa feshene. Wolper o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya difilimi ka 2007 mme o tlhageletse mo difiliming tse di fetang masome a mararo. <ref name="bongocinema.com">{{Cite web |title=Jacqueline Wolper &#124; Actor, Producer, — Bongo Movies - Buy Tanzania Movies and DVD's Online |url=http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/jacqueline-wolper}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele le dithutego == Wolper o belegetswe kwa [[Moshi]], [[Tanzania]].<ref name="muli">{{Cite news|title=If marriage was about looks, I would be married – Wolper|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/african-news/2001341592/if-marriage-was-about-looks-i-would-be-married-wolper}}</ref> O tsene sekolo sa Mawenzi Primary School pele a fudugela kwa Magrath, Ekenywa le Masai kwa sekolong.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2018 |title=Jacqueline Wolper biography |url=http://thecirclemediaplustv.com/jacqueline-wolper-biography/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114033543/http://thecirclemediaplustv.com/jacqueline-wolper-biography/ |archive-date=14 November 2021 |access-date=15 October 2020 |website=The Circle Media Plus TV}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Wolper o tsene mo intasetering ya difilimi tsa Tanzania ka 2007. Motshameki yo o tumileng wa dibaesekopo e bong Lucy Komba o ne a mmona mme a mo tlhotlheletsa gore a tsene mo kgwebong ya dibaesekopo. Wolper o ne a bereka kwa salong ya gagwe ya go kgabisa e kwa go yone Lucy e neng e le mongwe wa bareki ba gagwe ba ka metlha. O ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo filiming e e dirilweng ke Lucy Komba " Ama Zako Ama Zangu " mo a neng a tshameka jaaka mokwaledi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2011 |title=Nduguzangu: MJUE JACQUELINE WOLPER, TOKA SALUNI HADI UIGIZAJI NA NINYOTA YA TZ |url=https://kwanza2010.blogspot.com/2011/10/mjue-jacqueline-wolper-toka-saluni-hadi.html?m=1}}</ref> Moragonyana o ne a tlhagelela mo filiming ya " Oprah" , e e tlhamilweng ke moswi [[Steven Kanumba]] le mookamedi wa gagwe Mtitu Game. Go dira ga gagwe go ne ga dira gore batsamaisi ba mo laletse go tshameka mo difiliming tse dingwe tse di jaaka " Family Tears" le "Red Valentine " . Difilimi tsa gagwe tse di latelang di akaretsa Kipenzi Changu, Family Tears, Red Valentine, Surprise, Chaguo Langu, Candy, Taxi Driver le tse dingwe tse dintsi..<ref name="bongocinema.com" /> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Wolper o simolotse go ratana le moopedi yo o tumileng wa mmino Harmonize ka Motsheganong 2016. Le fa go ntse jalo, ba ne ba kgaogana ka Tlhakole 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jacqueline Wolper: Why I dumped Diamond Platnumz crony|url=https://edaily.co.ke/entertainment/jacqueline-wolper-why-i-dumped-diamond-platnumz-crony-125802/enews/eafrican/|date=23 February 2017}}</ref> O kile a tsena mo maratong le , [[Diamond Platnumz]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=15 East African celebrities Diamond Platnumz has dated (Photos)|url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/15-east-african-celebrities-diamond-platnumz-has-dated-photos/nljtzdr|date=4 November 2019}}</ref> Le fa a ne a kgatlhegela setso sa kwa Kenya, Wolper o ne a re ga a batle go nna le kamano le monna wa kwa Kenya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=I can't date a Kenyan man: Harmonize's ex-girlfriend Wolper|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/local-news/2001291422/i-can-t-date-a-kenyan-man-harmonize-s-ex-girlfriend-jacqueline-wolper|date=2018}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2018, o ne a itsise gore ke Mokeresete yo o tsetsweng seshwa.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Gesare|first1=Tracy|title=Harmonize's ex-girlfriend Jacqueline Wolper now born again|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/african-news/2001294064/harmonizes-ex-girlfriend-jacqueline-wolper-now-born-again|access-date=15 October 2020|work=[[The Standard (Kenya)|The Standard]]|date=2018}}</ref> Wolper o itsege ka dipolelo tsa gagwe tse di sa utlwaleng mo metsweding ya dikgang ya Tanzania, mme o tlhalositse fa a tshaba gore a ka nna a tsenwa ke boloi ka ntlha ya tsone.<ref name="muli" /> == Difilimi == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Ngwaga ! scope="col" |Setlhogo ! scope="col" |Karolo ! scope="col" |Dinopolo |- | rowspan="2" |2007 |Ama Zako Ama Zangu |Secretary | |- |Kipenzi Changu |Lilian | |- | rowspan="3" |2008 |Oprah | | |- |Family Tears |Dr.Miranda | |- |Roho Sita Revelation | | |- | rowspan="7" |2009 |Red Valentine |Victoria | |- |Midnight | | |- |Unfortunate Love | | |- |Ndani Ya Gunia | | |- |Jozani | | |- |Last Minutes | | |- |Secretary |Sodana | |- | rowspan="6" |2010 |Mtumwa wa Mapenzi | | |- |Avenger | | |- |Pete ya Ajabu | | |- |Life 2 Life |Tunu | |- |Fake Love | | |- |Surprise | | |- | rowspan="13" |2011 |Candy |Candy | |- |Mtegoni | | |- |Wrong Decision |Fiona | |- |Eagle Eyes | | |- |All About Love | | |- |Mafisadi wa Mapenzi | | |- |Signature |Amanda | |- |Shoga Yangu | | |- |Aching Heart | | |- |Determination |Laurine | |- |Dunia Nyingine | | |- |The Impact | | |- |Mens Day Out | | |- | rowspan="18" |2012 |Dereva Taxi |Sharon | |- |Clinic Love | | |- |Gaitan | | |- |Swadakta |Angel | |- |God is Great | | |- |Moyo Wangu | | |- |Chaguo Langu |Elizabeth | |- |Time After Time |Anna | |- |My Intention | | |- |Diplomat | | |- |End of Evil |Sarah | |- |Chocolate | | |- |Mtekaji |Queen | |- |Ndoa Yangu |Sharon | |- |Lupepo Village | | |- |Hukumu Ya Mande | | |- |Total Love | | |- |Pusi na Paku | | |- | rowspan="16" |2013 |Mr Nobody | | |- |Ulimi | | |- |Curse of Marriage | | |- |I'm Not Your Brother | | |- |Babylon | | |- |Identity Card | | |- |Before Marriage | | |- |Think Before | | |- |Pain For Pain | | |- |Mahaba Niue | | |- |Tikisa | | |- |My Princess | | |- |Impossible | | |- |After Death | | |- |Mbegu | | |- |Crazy Desire |Prisca | |- | rowspan="5" |2014 |Nikole | | |- |Robson Rambo | | |- |Hard Price |Patricia | |- |Tom Boy | | |- |V.I.P |Sharon (President Daughter) | |- |2015 |Wake Up | | |- |2017 |Burundian in Dar |Kelly | |- |2019 |Shabiusi |Sakina | |- |} == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] rmon9cpjfkwpal0fnc1c2aw89eajo0w 0 15520 56340 2026-10-06T11:36:57Z JudithShe 9421 Ke simolotse thanolo ya tsebe ya ga Biddy Mason #BLT2026 56340 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bridget "Biddy" Mason''' (o o tshotsweng ka Phatwe a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi lesome le borobabobedi - a tlhokafala ka Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabongwe le motso) e ne e ele mooki, mmelegisi, mogwebi wa matlo, le mopelotlhomogi wa kwa Amerika. A tsholetswe mo bokgobeng, o ne a atlega mo go ikopeleng kgololesego ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le borataro kwa kgotlatshekelong ya California, a nna mongwe wa bomme ba bantsho ba Amerika go nna le setsha kwa Los Angeles. Mason e ne e le motho wa botlhokwa mo setshabeng sa batho banstho ba pele koo gape e le leloko le le neng le le teng fa go tlhamiwa kereke ya ntlha ya African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E pele), kereke e kgologolo go di fetisa tsotlhe ya batho bantsho ba Amerika kwa toropong eo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923183456/http://www.beneathlosangeles.com/cgi/grave.cgi?crypt=905&d=1 "Beneath Los Angeles- Biddy Mason".] September 23, 2015. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved October 06, 2026</ref> A tsholetswe kwa borwa jwa Amerika, Mason o ne a dirilwe lekgoba ke Robert Smith, o a neng a fetogetse kwa tumelong ya Mormon, o a neng a mo pateletsa ene le barwadie ba bararo go ya kwa bophirima ka nako ya phudugo ya batlhami ba kereke ya Mormon.<ref name=":1">Hayden, Dolores (1989). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25462395 "Biddy Mason's Los Angeles 1856-1891".] ''California History''. '''68''' (3): 86–99. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://online.ucpress.edu/ch/article/68/3/86/31030/Biddy-Mason-s-Los-Angeles-1856-1891 10.2307/25462395]. ISSN&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0162-2897 0162-2897.]</ref> Morago ga go nna kwa Utah, lolwapa lo ne lwa fudugela kwa San Bernadino, California ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le motso. Le ntswa kgaolo ya California e ne e amogetse mo bokopanong e le kgaolo e e gololesegileng, Smith o ne a dira maiteko a go rua Mason le ba lolwapa lwa gagwe mo bokgobeng morago a rulaganya go ba tseela kwa kgaolong e e neng e na le bokgoba ya Texas. Ka thuso ya batho banstho ba toropo eo le matona a molao, Mason o ne a ikuela go gololwa.<ref>[https://freedomcenter.org/heroes/bridget-biddy-mason/#:~:text=On%20January%2021,%201856,%20in,that%20came%20before%20California%20courts. "Bridget "Biddy" Mason – National Underground Railroad Freedom Center".] ''freedomcenter.org''. Retrieved October 6, 2026</ref> Mo katlholong e e dirileng ditso ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a obabobedi masome a marataro le borataro, moatlhodi Benjamin Ignatius Hayes o ne a neela Mason le lolwapa lwa gagwe kgololesego,a supa fa ba ka se ruiwe mo kgoaolong e e gololesegileng. Morago ga go gololwa, mason o ne a itshetlela kwa Los Angeles, kwa a neng a bereka e le mooki gae a belegisa, a itsege ka kitso ya gagwe ya kalafi ya ditlhatshana le go direla ba ba dikobo dikhutshwane.<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/people/biddymason.htm "Bridget "Biddy" Mason (U.S. National Park Service)"]. ''www.nps.gov''. Retrieved October 6, 2026</ref> Ka go baya madi mo go gagametseng, o ne a reka ntl kwa mmileng wa Spring, a nna mongwe wa bomme ba bantsho ba ntlha kwa Los Angeles go nna le ntlo. Fa toropo e ntse e gola, ntlo ya gagwe e ne ya oketsega tlhwatlhwa, se se mo letla go nna le khumo e e bonalang.<ref>[https://exhibits.sos.ca.gov/s/breaking-barriers-african-americans/page/aasc-4 "Biddy Mason (1818-1891) · Breaking Barriers: African Americans Shaping California · California State Archives Exhibits".] ''exhibits.sos.ca.gov''. Retrieved October 6, 2026</ref> Mason o ne a dirisa khumo ya gagwe go aga lefelo la tlhokomelo ya bana ba bannye, e le sekolo sa bana ba mmala o montsho, kereke ya ntlha ya A.M.E, pele e ne e kopanela kwa kamoreng ya gagwe ya boitapoloso ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a supa le bobedi.<ref>Christofferson, Lennart (February 24, 2022). [https://www.lacityhistory.org/blog/2022/2/24/biddy-mason "Biddy Mason – More than Just a Los Angeles Pioneer".] ''Los Angeles City Historical Society''. Retrieved October 6, 2026</ref> A tlotlelwa bopelotlhomogi jwa gagwe, o ne a fiwa leina la lorato la "Auntie Mason". Ka jaana, o filwe tlotla ya lefelo la itloso bodutu la Biddy Mason Park kwa Los Angeles, boswa jwa gagwe bo lemogiwa ka go stenngwa mo ntlo lehalahala ya bodiredi jwa setshaba kwa California.<ref>[https://www.swarchive.org/inductees "Inductees".] ''California Social Welfare Archives''. Retrieved October 6, 2026</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Go begiwa fa Biddy Mason o tsholetswe mo bokgobeng ka Phatwe a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi lesome le borobabobedi kwa Hancock County kwa Georgia, mme lefelo le a tsholetsweng kwa go lone le letsatsi la gagwe la matsalo ga di itsegale.<ref>Beasley, Delilah L. (1919). [[iarchive:negrotrailblazer00beas|''The Negro Trail Blazers of California''.]] pp.&nbsp;88–90, 109–111.</ref><ref name=":2">Thiriot, Amy Tanner (2023). ''[https://uofupress.lib.utah.edu/slavery-in-zion/ Slavery in Zion: A Documentary and Genealogical History of Black Lives and Black Servitude in Utah Territory, 1847-1862]''. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. pp.&nbsp;275–280. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1647690854|<bdi>978-1647690854</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>Demaratus, DeEtta (2002). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=qCR3AAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y The Force of a Feather: The Search for a Lost Story of Slavery and Freedom]''. University of Utah Press. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0874807141|<bdi>978-0874807141</bdi>.]] Retrieved October 6, 2026</ref><ref>Hayden, Dolores (1995). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=bpQB4ogOQscC&pg=PA274&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History]''. MIT Press. p.&nbsp;274. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0262581523|978-0262581523]]</bdi>. Retrieved May 5, 2014. <q>1860 Census lists Mississippi, but 1870 & 1880 list Georgia as well as her LA Times obituary</q></ref> Ka dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bonana a le mo bokgobeng, o ne a patelesega go ithuta dikitso tsa mo gae le tsa temothuo. Fa godimo ga foo, o ne a nna le kitso ya tiriso ya ditlhare go alafa le go belegisa a rutilwe ke bomme ba bangwe ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba.<ref name=":1" /> Kitso ya gagwe e ne ya e tswela mosola batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba le ba ba ruileng makgoba kwa borwa.<ref>Harris, Gloria G.; Cohen, Hannah S. (2012). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=pzkcBjl2OXoC&redir_esc=y "Chapter 2. Settlers – Bridget 'Biddy' Mason: From Slave to Humanitarian"]. ''Women Trailblazers of California: Pioneers to the Present''. Charleston, SC: The History Press. pp.&nbsp;26–43 [30–33]. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1609496753|<bdi>978-1609496753</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":3">Williams, Jean Kinney (2006). ''[[iarchive:bridgetbiddymaso00will|Bridget "Biddy" Mason: From Slave to Businesswoman]]''. Minneapolis, MN: Compass Point Books. p.&nbsp;9. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0756510015|978-0756510015]]</bdi>. Retrieved October 6, 2026. <q>Bridget Biddy Mason.</q></ref> Ga go na mekwalo epe ka thekiso ya gagwe, mme ka nako nngwe Biddy o ne a rekisediwa kwa Misssissippi a nna thoto ya ga Robert Mays Smith le Rebacca Dorn Smith.<ref name=":2" /> Biddy o ne a le botlhokwa thata mo go boora Smith k ntlha ya kitso ya gagwe ya kalafi, tlhokomelo ya bana, le tlhokomelo ya loruo.<ref name=":3" /> Biddy o ne a na le bana ba le bararo: Ellen, o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a mararo le borobabobedi; Ann, o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a mane le bone; le Harriet, o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a mane le bosupa.<ref name=":1" /> Borraagwe bana ba gagwe ga ba itsewe, mme bakwadi bangwe ba akanyeditse fa Robert M Smith a ka tswa e le rraagwe mongwe wa bana ba gagwe.<ref name=":3" /> Mme o a neng a dirilwe lekgoba a bidiwa Hannah Smiley(morago a fana ka Embers) o ne a bereka le Biddy kwa tshimong yoora Smith. Robert le Rebecca Smith ba ne ba mo rekile kwa go rraagwe Rebecca. Hannah le ene o ne a na le bana ba le bararo fa lolwapa lo ya kwa bophirima.<ref name=":2" /> == Phudugo ka ngwaga wa 1847 go tsena 1851 == Barongwa go tswa kwa kerekeng ya Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) ba ne ba fetola Mississsippi. Ba ne ba ruta Smith, mosadi wa gagwe le bana ba bone ba barataro, ba fetogela kwa tumelong eo ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a mane le bosupa.<ref>Sims, Oscar L. (1993). [[iarchive:epiclivesonehund00smit/page/369|"Biddy Mason".]] In Smith, Jessie Carney (ed.). ''Epic Lives: One Hundred Black Women Who Made a Difference''. Detroit, MI: Visible Ink Press. pp.&nbsp;[[iarchive:epiclivesonehund00smit/page/369/mode/1up|369–372]]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0810394261|<bdi>978-0810394261</bdi>.]]</ref> Batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba letlelelwa go rerelwa le go kolobediwa fela fa mong wa bone a dumalana, go ya ka molao wa kereke.<ref>[[:en:W._Paul_Reeve|Reeve, W. Paul]] (2015). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=mpYKBgAAQBAJ&q=slaves+baptism+with+master%27s+permission+lds&pg=PA122&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=slaves%20baptism%20with%20master's%20permission%20lds&f=false ''Religion of a Different Color: Race and the Mormons Struggle for Whiteness''.] New York: Oxford University Press. p.&nbsp;122. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0199754076|978-0199754076]]</bdi>. Retrieved October 6, 2026</ref> Ga go itsegale fa Biddy a ne a kolobediwa.<ref>[https://history.churchofjesuschrist.org/chd/landing?lang=eng "Biddy Mason"]. ''Pioneer Database, 1847-1868''. Church History, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140808042500/http://www.blackvoicenews.com/inside-pages/religion/39294-bridget-biddy-smith-mason-her-legacy-among-the-mormons.html Bridget Biddy Smith Mason: Her Legacy Among the Mormons"], ''Black Voice News'', [[:en:Brown_Publishing_Company|Brown Publishing Company]], archived from [https://www.blackvoicenews.com/inside-pages/religion/39294-bridget-biddy-smith-mason-her-legacy-among-the-mormons.html the original] on August 8, 2014</ref> Lolwapa loora Smith lo ne lwa golagana le setlhopha se sengwe sa maloko a kereke go tswa kwa Mississsippi e le bontlha jwa phudugo ya batho ba kereke ya Mormon ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a mane le borobabobedi. Mo loetong go ya bophirima, Biddy o ne a disa loruo, a apaya dijo a bo a belegisa mme a ntse a le mo tlhokomelong ya bana ba gagwe. Batho ba le masome a mararo le bone ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba tsamaya le beng ba bone go ya kwa Utah. Batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba aga matlo ka dikgong, ba tlhagola masimo, ba bo ba lema kwa mokgatsheng wa letsha la Salt kwa toropong ya Cottonwood. Moeteledipele wa kereke Brigham Young o ne a romela setlhopha sa batho ba kereke ya Mormon kwa borwa jwa California ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le motso. Young o ne a laela setlhopha gore California ke kgaolo e e gololesegileng, le gore makgoba a bone a tlaa gololesega fa ba goroga kwa California. Robert Smith, batho ba a neng a ba dirile makgoba, le lolwapa lwa gagwe ba ne ba itshetlela kwa SanBernadino, California. Biddy o ne a le gareng ga palo ya batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba kwa San Bernadino. E le bontlha jwa tumalano ya ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano, kgaolo ya C alifornia e ne ya dumelelwa le kgaolo e e gololesegileng. Le fa go ntse jalo, batho bangwe ba ba tswang kwa borwa, ba akaretsa Robert Smith, ba ne ba tswelela ka go tsisa batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba kwa kgaolong eo. Gangwe le gape kgotlatshekelo ya California e ne e sokamela mo lotlhakoreng lwa batho ba ba dirileng ba bangwe makgoba. Biddy o ne a le mo taolong ya ga Robert Smith a sa itse sepe ka melao le ditshwanelo tsa gagwe. == Kgololesego == Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le borataro, Smith o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya go fudugela kwa Texas kwa bokgoba bo neng bo letlelelwa teng, gore a rekise makgoba a gagwe teng. O ne a bolelela makgoba a gagwe gore ba tlaa gololesega kwa Texas. Biddy o ne a bolelela banna ba bantsho ba le babedi ba ba neng ba gololesegile ebong Charles Owens le Manuel Pepper letshogo la gagwe la go kgaoganngwa le bana ba gagwe le go tswelela a dirilwe lekgoba. Banna ba, ba akaretsa boramelao le ba bangwe, ba ne ba neela Smith taelo ya kgotlatshekelo. Kgotlatshekelo ya kwa Los Angeles e ne ya reetsa tsheko e ka kgololesego ya gagwe. Smith o ne a re Biddy o ne a batla go ya Texas. O ne a duela mmueledi wa gagwe gore a seka a nna teng kwa kgotlatshekelong. O ne a sa letlelelwe go ipuelela kwa kgotlatshekelong ka molao wa California o ne o itsa batho bantsho go sekisa batho basweu. Morago ga gore Smith a retelelwe ke go tlhagelela kwa kgotlatshekelong ka Firikgong a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le borataro, moatlhodi o a neng reeditse tsheko e, ebong Benjamin Ignatius Hayes, o ne a golola Biddy le lolwapa lwa gagwe. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a marataro, o ne a amogela pampiri e e rurifaditsweng e e neng e netefatsa kgololesego ya gagwe. Jaaka batho botlhe ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, Biddy o ne a sena sefane sa ka fa molaong fa a dirilwe lekgoba. Morago ga a sena go gololesega, o ne a dirisa sefane sa Biddy Mason. Bakwadi gangwe le gape ba akanyetsa gore o dirisitse sefane se e le go fa moruti Amasa Mason Lyman tlotla, mme leina Mason e ka tswa e ne e le leina la lolwapa lwa gagwe lwa pele go tswa kwa Georgia Hancock County. == Los Angeles == Morago ga go gololesega, Mason le barwadie ba ne ba fuduga go ya go nna le Robert Owens, rraagwe Charles Owens gape e le mogwebi o o itsegeng. Morwadie ebong Ellen o tlaa nyalwa ke Charles Owens. Mason o ne a bereka kwa Los Angeles e le mooki gape a belegisa, a belegisa bana ba feta lekgolo mo tirong ya gagwe. A dirisa kitso ya gagwe ya kalafi ya ditlhare, o ne a baya botshelo jwa gagwe mo kotsing go tlhokomela ba ba amilweng ke segajaja sa mmokwane kwa Los Angeles. Mongwe wa bahiri ba gagwe e ne e le ngaka e e itsegeng ebong John Strther Griffin. Ka a ne a boloka madi ka tlhwaafalo, e ne e le mongwa wa basadi ba bantsho ba ntlha go reka lefatshe kwa Los Angeles. Fa a le mogwebi, o ne a nna le khumo e ntsi thata, e a neng a e amogana le batlhoki. Mason gape o ne a a fa batlhoki dijo le boroko gape a etela magolegwa. O ne a na le seabe se setona mo go tlhameng lefelo le le tlhokomelang baeti le sekolo sa bana ba bannye ba mmala o montsho, se buletse bana botlhe ba ba neng ba sena kwa ba yang teng. Ka ntlha ya go nna pelontle ebile a aba, bontsi ba ne ba mmitsa "Auntie Mason" kgotsa "Grandma Mason". Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a supa le bobedi, ene le Charles Owens o a neng a nyetse morwadie le banni ba bantsho ba bangwe kwa Lons Angeles, Mason e ne e le leloko le le tlhamileng kereke ya ntlha ya African Methodist Episcopal kwa Los Angeles, e le kereke ya ntlha ya batho banstho kwa toropong eo. Dikopano tsa go rulaganya di ne di tshwarelwa kwa ga gagwe kwa mmileng wa Spring. O ne a aba kereke lefatshe le e agilweng mo go lone. O ne a thusa gape ka go aga sekolo sa ntlha sa legare sa bana ba mmala o montsho kwa Los Angeles. Mason o ne a bua teme ya Spanish ka thelelo ebile e le motho o o itsegeng thata mo toropong. Gangwe le gape o ne a a ja dijo tsa maitseboa kwa ga Pio Pico, mookamedi wa bofelo wa Alta California gape e le mong wa lefatshe kwa Los Angeles o a neng a humile thata. == Lolwapa lwa gagwe == Morwadie Mason ebong Ellen, o ne a nyalwa ke Charles Owens ba nna le barwa ba le babedi ebong Robert Curry owens (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le borobabongwe a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mararo le bobedi) le Henry Louis Owens (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a marataro le motso a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabongwe le boraro). Dingwaga di le dintsi, Robert Curry Owens o ne a supiwa e le motho montsho o o humileng thata kwa Los Angeles. Henry L. Owens o ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabongwe le boraro. Moragonyana mo botshelong jwa gagwe, Robert Curry Owens o ne a nna le seabe mo go tsa polotiki le thekiso ya matlo. O ne a nna mong wa lefelo la Owens Block, kago ya matlhatlhaganyane a mabedi e e agilweng kwa Broadway ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe e e neng ya nna kgwebo ya ntlha ya motho montsho kwa Los Angeles. == Boswa == Mason o ne a rata gore, "fa o tshwara seatla sa gago se tswetswe, ga go na sepe se sentle se se ka tlang. Seatla se se butsweng se segofaditswe, ka se a aba se bo se amogele". Morago ga loso lwa ga Mason ka Firkgong a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabongwe le motso, o ne a bolokelwa kwa mabitleng a Evergreen mabapi le Boyle Heights. Ka Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi, kwa moletlong o o neng o tseneletswe ke ratoropo wa los Angeles le maloko a kereke e a e tlhamileng, lebitla la gagwe le ne la tshwaiwa ke letlapa. Mason o ne a ipelelwa ka letsatsi la Biddy Mason Day ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe. Moletlo kwa lefelong la Broadway Spring le ne la supa segopotso go tlotlomatsa dikatlego tsa gagwe. Lefelo le le gaufi le lolwapa lwa ga Mason kwa Los Angeles ke botaki jo bo tlhalosang botshelo jwa gagwe. Motaki Sheila Levrant de Bretteville o ne a dira botaki jo bo bidiwang Biddy Mason's Place: A Passage of Time. Ke lobotana lo lo dimithara di le masome mabedi le botlhano lo lo nang le dilo dingwe tse di bolelang polelo ya botshelo jw aga Mason. Mason o tlhagelela mo setshwantshong se se mo leboteng se se dirilweng ke Bernard Zakheim se tsentswe kwa Toland Hall Auditorium kwa University of California kwa San Francisco, ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo. Setshwantsho, ga mmogo le tse dingwe mo motseletseleng, se ne sa ntshiwa mo kagong pele ga se senngwa e le bontlha jwa tlhabololo ya sekolo. Mason o filwe tlotla kwa California Social Work Hall of Distinction. Ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bone, leloko la khansele ya Los Angeles ebong Kevin de Leon o ne a tla ka tshutiso ya go fetola leina la Perishing Square go nna Biddy Mason Park le reeltswe ka Mason. Le fa go ntse jalo, tshutiso e ne ya ema kwa komiting, mem morago ga boelediwa ke motlhatlhami wa ga de Leon ebong Ysabel Jurado ka Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le borataro. Khansele ya toropo e ne ya dumalana le tshutiso ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le borataro. == Metswedi == o6ri68wxxk6nsziiqnnsuofnibhtc23 0 15521 56341 2026-10-06T11:39:06Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356503817|Cindy Bruna]]" 56341 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cindy Bruna''' (O belegwe ka 27 Lwetse 1994) Ke mmabontle wa kwa [[Fora|France]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-28 |title=Fashion - Cindy Bruna, 19, model |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20140328-fashion-mediatvpresse-cindy-bruna-agence-metropolitan-models-joan-smalls |access-date=2021-07-11 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Bruna o belegetswe kwa [[Saint-Raphaël]], Var, [[Fora]] ka 27 Lwetse 1994 ke rraagwe wa kwa Italy, Stefano Bruna, le mmaagwe wa kwa Congo, Eléonore, go tswa kwa [[Brazzaville]], [[Congo]]. O na le mogolowe wa mosetsana yo o bidiwang Christy. Fa a na le dingwaga di le 16, o ne a lemogiwa ke Dominique Savri, moemedi le mosupatsela wa Metropolitan Management, yo o neng a akantsha gore a ye kwa [[Paris]] go ya go tsaya dinepe. Bruna o ne a okaoka, ka gonne o ne a batla go nna rramatlotlo yo o kwadileng semolao, mme mmaagwe o ne a sa batle gore a se ka a ya sekolong. Kgabagare, o ne a amogela taletso eo mme a ithuta dilo tsa motheo tsa go nna mmotlelara. Fa e sale a aloga kwa sekolong, jaanong o kgaoganya nako ya gagwe fa gare ga Paris le [[New York City]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hervé |first=Patricia |date=June 15, 2016 |title=Cindy Bruna, dans l'intimité d'un top |url=https://www.gala.fr/l_actu/news_de_stars/cindy_bruna_dans_l_intimite_d_un_top_367150 |access-date=October 12, 2020 |website=[[Gala (magazine)|Gala]] |language=fr}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == [[File:Cindy_Bruna_posing.jpg|left|thumb|Bruna ka 2015]] Morago ga go saena le Metropolitan Management, mothusi wa gagwe, le [[Wilhelmina Models]],<ref name="ITG">{{Cite web |date=26 February 2016 |title=Cindy Bruna, Model |url=https://intothegloss.com/2014/11/cindy-bruna/ |website=Into The Gloss}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Now Casting:Cindy Bruna |url=https://www.crfashionbook.com/fashion/a10018219/now-casting-cindy-bruna/ |website=CR Fashion Book}}</ref> o ne a bona ditiro tsa gagwe tsa ntlha tsa go nna mmotlelara, tse e neng e le tsa [[Alaïa]] le [[Elie Saab]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=Cindy Bruna on Women's Rights and Azzedine Alaïa |url=https://en.vogue.me/fashion/cindy-bruna-interview/ |website=Vogue Arabia}}</ref> Ka 2012, O ne a gatela kompone ya [[Calvin Klein]].<ref name="ITG" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2018 |title=Watch Model Cindy Bruna Be Incredibly French About Her Makeup |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/cindy-bruna-beauty-secrets-french-girl-smoky-eye-paris-new-york |access-date=2021-07-11 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> O ne gape a tlhagelela mo tsebeng ya kgatiso ya Vogue Italia ya Sedimonthole 2013<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vogue Italia December 2013 Cover |url=https://models.com/work/vogue-italia-vogue-italia-december-2013-cover |website=Vogue Italia}}</ref> le Lwetse 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vogue Italia September 2014 Cover |url=https://models.com/work/vogue-italia-vogue-italia-september-2014-cover/620632 |website=Vogue Italia}}</ref> O ne a ya kwa Victoria's Secret Fashion Show ka lekgetlo la ntlha ka 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=CINDY BRUNA'S SURPRISINGLY EASY, NO-NONSENSE GUIDE TO WORKING OUT |url=https://www.crfashionbook.com/beauty/a9925107/cindybruna-workout/ |website=CR Fashion Book}}</ref> mme a tlhagelela mo dipontshong tsotlhe tse di latelang. O kile a tshameka mo dikampaning tsa Prada, Burberry,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2014 |title=Prada Casts Another Black Model And More Brown Beauties Land Major Fashion Campaign (PHOTOS) |url=https://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/us_4531049 |website=Huffington Post}}</ref> Chanel, Michael Kors, L'Oreal, Yves Saint Laurent, Ralph Lauren, H&M, .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cindy Bruna Advertising |url=https://models.com/models/cindy-bruna/1/year/advertising |website=Models.com}}</ref>Mo S/S 2014 season, o ne a tsamaya a bulela Roland Mouret le Temperley London; o ne a tsamaya gape a tsamaela batlhami ba ba jaaka Giambattista Valli,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cindy Bruna Transforms Backstage at Giambattista Valli|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/11/t-magazine/21morph-giambattista-valli.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/11/t-magazine/21morph-giambattista-valli.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=RUNWAY (June-December 2013) |url=https://models.com/rankings/ui/Runway-ShowsWalked-All-2013JunDec-cindy-bruna |website=models.com}}</ref> Ga jaana Bruna o mo maemong a "Money Girl" mo go models.com mme gape o akareditswe mo lenaaneng la Forbes la "30 under 30". Ke moemedi wa Solidarité Femmes, e leng mokgatlho wa tshegetso ya basadi o o thusang batho ba ba sotliwang mo malapeng.<ref name="forbes" /> Ka Moranang 2020, L'Oreal o ne a bitsa Bruna go nna mmueledi wa boditšhabatšhaba wa letshwao.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caldwell |first=Georgina |date=2020-04-29 |title=L'Oréal Paris announces Cindy Bruna as International Spokesperson |url=https://www.globalcosmeticsnews.com/loreal-paris-announces-cindy-bruna-as-international-spokesperson/ |access-date=2021-07-11 |website=Global Cosmetics News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Ka Sedimonthole wa 2025, Bruna o ne a nyala motshameki wa baseketebolo wa kwa Congo, Blondy Baruti, kwa Notre-Dame des Ardentes morago ga go beeletsana ngwaga pele ga moo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-30 |title=Inside Cindy Bruna & Blondy Baruti’s Winter Wedding In Paris That Blended Heritage, Haute Couture, and Heart - Wedded Wonderland |url=https://weddedwonderland.com/inside-cindy-bruna-blondy-barutis-wedding/ |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=weddedwonderland.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-29 |title=Imaan Hammam shines in bridesmaid mode |url=https://arab.news/9s6h4 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> . == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] 46zsqvmjibcdoeyy9taenk3fy61bsfi 56342 56341 2026-10-06T11:50:35Z Deborah Tjituka 11380 56342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Cindy Bruna | image = Cindy Bruna Paris Fashion Week Spring Summer 2019.jpg | caption = Bruna ka 2019 | birth_date = 27 Lwetse 1994 | birth_place = [[Saint-Raphaël]],Var,PACA, [[Fora]] | nationality = | occupation = Mmmabontle | known_for = | years_active = }}'''Cindy Bruna''' (O belegwe ka 27 Lwetse 1994) Ke mmabontle wa kwa [[Fora|France]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-28 |title=Fashion - Cindy Bruna, 19, model |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20140328-fashion-mediatvpresse-cindy-bruna-agence-metropolitan-models-joan-smalls |access-date=2021-07-11 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Bruna o belegetswe kwa [[Saint-Raphaël]], Var, [[Fora]] ka 27 Lwetse 1994 ke rraagwe wa kwa Italy, Stefano Bruna, le mmaagwe wa kwa Congo, Eléonore, go tswa kwa [[Brazzaville]], [[Congo]]. O na le mogolowe wa mosetsana yo o bidiwang Christy. Fa a na le dingwaga di le 16, o ne a lemogiwa ke Dominique Savri, moemedi le mosupatsela wa Metropolitan Management, yo o neng a akantsha gore a ye kwa [[Paris]] go ya go tsaya dinepe. Bruna o ne a okaoka, ka gonne o ne a batla go nna rramatlotlo yo o kwadileng semolao, mme mmaagwe o ne a sa batle gore a se ka a ya sekolong. Kgabagare, o ne a amogela taletso eo mme a ithuta dilo tsa motheo tsa go nna mmotlelara. Fa e sale a aloga kwa sekolong, jaanong o kgaoganya nako ya gagwe fa gare ga Paris le [[New York City]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hervé |first=Patricia |date=June 15, 2016 |title=Cindy Bruna, dans l'intimité d'un top |url=https://www.gala.fr/l_actu/news_de_stars/cindy_bruna_dans_l_intimite_d_un_top_367150 |access-date=October 12, 2020 |website=[[Gala (magazine)|Gala]] |language=fr}}</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == [[File:Cindy_Bruna_posing.jpg|left|thumb|Bruna ka 2015]] Morago ga go saena le Metropolitan Management, mothusi wa gagwe, le [[Wilhelmina Models]],<ref name="ITG">{{Cite web |date=26 February 2016 |title=Cindy Bruna, Model |url=https://intothegloss.com/2014/11/cindy-bruna/ |website=Into The Gloss}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Now Casting:Cindy Bruna |url=https://www.crfashionbook.com/fashion/a10018219/now-casting-cindy-bruna/ |website=CR Fashion Book}}</ref> o ne a bona ditiro tsa gagwe tsa ntlha tsa go nna mmotlelara, tse e neng e le tsa [[Alaïa]] le [[Elie Saab]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=Cindy Bruna on Women's Rights and Azzedine Alaïa |url=https://en.vogue.me/fashion/cindy-bruna-interview/ |website=Vogue Arabia}}</ref> Ka 2012, O ne a gatela kompone ya [[Calvin Klein]].<ref name="ITG" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2018 |title=Watch Model Cindy Bruna Be Incredibly French About Her Makeup |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/cindy-bruna-beauty-secrets-french-girl-smoky-eye-paris-new-york |access-date=2021-07-11 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> O ne gape a tlhagelela mo tsebeng ya kgatiso ya Vogue Italia ya Sedimonthole 2013<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vogue Italia December 2013 Cover |url=https://models.com/work/vogue-italia-vogue-italia-december-2013-cover |website=Vogue Italia}}</ref> le Lwetse 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vogue Italia September 2014 Cover |url=https://models.com/work/vogue-italia-vogue-italia-september-2014-cover/620632 |website=Vogue Italia}}</ref> O ne a ya kwa [[Victoria's Secret Fashion Show]] ka lekgetlo la ntlha ka 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=CINDY BRUNA'S SURPRISINGLY EASY, NO-NONSENSE GUIDE TO WORKING OUT |url=https://www.crfashionbook.com/beauty/a9925107/cindybruna-workout/ |website=CR Fashion Book}}</ref> mme a tlhagelela mo dipontshong tsotlhe tse di latelang. O kile a tshameka mo dikampaning tsa [[Prada]], [[Burberry]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2014 |title=Prada Casts Another Black Model And More Brown Beauties Land Major Fashion Campaign (PHOTOS) |url=https://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/us_4531049 |website=Huffington Post}}</ref> Chanel, Michael Kors, [[L'Oreal]], [[Yves Saint Laurent]], Ralph Lauren, H&M, .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cindy Bruna Advertising |url=https://models.com/models/cindy-bruna/1/year/advertising |website=Models.com}}</ref>Mo S/S 2014 season, o ne a tsamaya a bulela Roland Mouret le Temperley London; o ne a tsamaya gape a tsamaela batlhami ba ba jaaka [[Giambattista Valli]],<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cindy Bruna Transforms Backstage at Giambattista Valli|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/11/t-magazine/21morph-giambattista-valli.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/11/t-magazine/21morph-giambattista-valli.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=RUNWAY (June-December 2013) |url=https://models.com/rankings/ui/Runway-ShowsWalked-All-2013JunDec-cindy-bruna |website=models.com}}</ref> Ga jaana Bruna o mo maemong a "Money Girl" mo go models.com mme gape o akareditswe mo lenaaneng la Forbes la "30 under 30". Ke moemedi wa Solidarité Femmes, e leng mokgatlho wa tshegetso ya basadi o o thusang batho ba ba sotliwang mo malapeng.<ref name="forbes" /> Ka Moranang 2020, [[L'Oreal]] o ne a bitsa Bruna go nna mmueledi wa boditšhabatšhaba wa letshwao.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caldwell |first=Georgina |date=2020-04-29 |title=L'Oréal Paris announces Cindy Bruna as International Spokesperson |url=https://www.globalcosmeticsnews.com/loreal-paris-announces-cindy-bruna-as-international-spokesperson/ |access-date=2021-07-11 |website=Global Cosmetics News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Ka Sedimonthole wa 2025, Bruna o ne a nyala motshameki wa baseketebolo wa kwa Congo, Blondy Baruti, kwa Notre-Dame des Ardentes morago ga go beeletsana ngwaga pele ga moo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-30 |title=Inside Cindy Bruna & Blondy Baruti’s Winter Wedding In Paris That Blended Heritage, Haute Couture, and Heart - Wedded Wonderland |url=https://weddedwonderland.com/inside-cindy-bruna-blondy-barutis-wedding/ |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=weddedwonderland.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-29 |title=Imaan Hammam shines in bridesmaid mode |url=https://arab.news/9s6h4 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> . == Metswedi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] ml1b9ukxnfhd8oz9bm391dmy2n613rx