lipu Wikipesija tokwiki https://tok.wikipedia.org/wiki/lipu_open MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.2 case-sensitive Media ilo toki jan jan la toki pali pali la toki sitelen sitelen la toki MediaWiki MediaWiki la toki kipisi kipisi la toki nasin ilo nasin ilo la toki kulupu kulupu la toki nimi nimi la toki TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 202 65470 63108 2026-05-19T16:03:12Z Kasisin 5103 Kasisin moved page [[toki ilo Juniko]] to [[nasin Juniko]] over redirect: mute nanpa wan la jan li kepeken nimi ni. nimi open "toki ilo" li nasa ike mute tawa mi. 63108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{lili ike}} [[sitelen:New Unicode logo.svg|thumb|sitelen pi toki ilo Juniko]] '''toki ilo Juniko''' (anu '''sitelen Juniko'''/'''Junikote'''. {{nimi ijo||Unicode|toki Inli}} li jo e sitelen mute mute pi ma ni. jan mute li kepeken e ni. {{nimi ijo|kulupu Juniko|The Unicode Consortium|toki Inli}} li pali e ni. nasin ni li wile e ni: sitelen pi toki ale li jo e nanpa. nanpa ni la, ilo sona li ken pana e sitelen tawa jan ante. tenpo ni la, toki ilo Juniko li sona e sitelen pi [[toki lon]] mute en [[toki sin]] mute en [[toki moli]] mute. jan li kama sona e sitelen sin la, ona li pana e nanpa Juniko tawa sitelen ona. [[kulupu:toki ilo]] d7n0gu7b49yaxvlcchiv6coehqjaer9 65474 65470 2026-05-19T16:08:41Z Kasisin 5103 65474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{lili ike}} [[sitelen:New Unicode logo.svg|thumb|sitelen pi toki ilo Juniko]] '''nasin Juniko''' (anu '''toki ilo Juniko''' anu '''sitelen Juniko'''/'''Junikote''' {{nimi ijo||Unicode|toki Inli}} li jo e sitelen mute mute pi ma ni. jan mute li kepeken ni. {{nimi ijo|kulupu Juniko|The Unicode Consortium|toki Inli}} li pali e ona. nasin ni li wile e ni: sitelen pi toki ale li jo e nanpa. nanpa ni la, ilo sona li ken pana e sitelen tawa jan ante. tenpo ni la, nasin Juniko li sona e sitelen lon [[toki lon]] mute lon [[toki sin]] mute lon [[toki moli]] mute. jan li kama sona e sitelen sin la, ona li pana e nanpa Juniko tawa sitelen ona. [[kulupu:toki ilo]] f3xtj92cyyupmn8l66nc1nr23f7vjn4 65475 65474 2026-05-19T16:09:07Z Kasisin 5103 65475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{lili ike}} [[sitelen:New Unicode logo.svg|thumb|sitelen pi nasin Juniko]] '''nasin Juniko''' (anu '''toki ilo Juniko''' anu '''sitelen Juniko'''/'''Junikote''' {{nimi ijo||Unicode|toki Inli}} li jo e sitelen mute mute pi ma ni. jan mute li kepeken ni. {{nimi ijo|kulupu Juniko|The Unicode Consortium|toki Inli}} li pali e ona. nasin ni li wile e ni: sitelen pi toki ale li jo e nanpa. nanpa ni la, ilo sona li ken pana e sitelen tawa jan ante. tenpo ni la, nasin Juniko li sona e sitelen lon [[toki lon]] mute lon [[toki sin]] mute lon [[toki moli]] mute. jan li kama sona e sitelen sin la, ona li pana e nanpa Juniko tawa sitelen ona. [[kulupu:toki ilo]] kay4gvmtwn9l1obyp9kpx481idsqmzf 0 1168 65480 61452 2026-05-20T05:15:27Z Benscat 3375 mi weka e kipisi pi wile ala 65480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{poki sona ma | nimi ma = ma Kaliponja | nimi mama = California | ma = ma kipisi | len ma = [[sitelen:Flag of California.svg|border|150px]] | sitelen lawa = [[sitelen:Great Seal of California.svg|100px]] | toki lawa = [[toki Inli]] | toki ante = | nasin lawa = | ISO 3166 = US-CA | mani = | ma tomo lawa = [[ma tomo Sakamento]] | kalama musi ma = | sitelen ma = [[sitelen:California in United States.svg|250px]] | toki anpa pi sitelen ma = ma Kaliponja lon ma Mewika (loje) | ma suli = [[ma Mewika]] | mute jan = 39,355,309 | mute jan la ma tomo suli = [[ma tomo Losansele]] }} {{nimi ijo|'''ma Kaliponja'''|California|toki Inli|ipa=/ˌkælɪˈfoɹnjə, -iə/}} li [[ma kipisi]] pi [[ma Mewika]]. ona li lon poka pi [[telo Pasipi]]. ona li ma kipisi pi mute jan nanpa wan lon ma Mewika. ma Kaliponja la [[ma tomo Losansele]] li jo e jan pi mute nanpa wan. jan pi [[sitelen tawa]] li lon ma tomo ni. mute jan la [[ma tomo Sanpansiko]] li nanpa tu. jan lawa pi ma Kaliponja li [[jan Kawin Nuson]]. == ma == === ma tomo suli === {| class="sortable wikitable" |- style="font-size:100%; text-align: center;" ! style="width:10px;" |# ! style="width:100px;" |ma tomo ! style="width:100px;" |nimi mama ! style="width:100px;" |nanpa jan |- !1 |[[ma tomo Losansele]] |''Los Angeles'' |3 898 747 |- !2 |[[ma tomo San Sijeko]] |''San Diego'' |1 386 932 |- !3 |[[ma tomo San Ose]] |''San Jose'' |1 013 240 |- !4 |[[ma tomo San Pansiko]] |''San Francisco'' |873 965 |- !5 |[[ma tomo Penso]] |''Fresno'' |542 107 |- !6 |[[ma tomo Sakamento]] |''Sacramento'' |524 943 |- !7 |[[ma tomo Lonpi]] |''Long Beach'' |466 742 |- !8 |[[ma tomo Olan]] |''Oakland'' |440 646 |- !9 |[[ma tomo Pekape]] |''Bakersfield'' |403 455 |- !10 |[[ma tomo Jusika]] |''Utica'' |65 283 |- !11 |[[ma tomo Anawan]] |''Anaheim'' |346 824 |- !12 |[[ma tomo Santa Ana]] |''Santa Ana'' |310 227 |- !13 |[[ma tomo Wiwesa]] |''Riverside'' |314 998 |- !14 |[[ma tomo Satan]] |''Stockton'' |320 804 |- !15 |[[ma tomo Sula Wita]] |''Chula Vista'' |275 487 |} {{kipisi pi ma Mewika}} [[kulupu:ma kipisi pi ma Mewika]] [[kulupu:ma Kaliponja|*]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Kaliponja, ma}} k9xpgzrqhnhtaqclar4m2lnia0iqs1o 0 3618 65476 64441 2026-05-19T16:12:52Z Kasisin 5103 mi pana e nimi "nanpa" tawa nimi ni: ona o jo e ona. 65476 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ijo:ChatGPT logo.svg|thumb|sitelen pi ilo Sasipisi]] {{lili}} {{nimi ijo|'''ilo Sasipisi'''|ChatGPT|toki Inli}} li ilo pi toki sama jan. ilo ni li ken pali e kulupu nimi sin kepeken sona ona. ona li kama lon tenpo mun nanpa 11 pi tenpo sike nanpa 2022. ona li lukin e kulupu nimi tan jan la ona li pilin e ni: kulupu nimi pi seme a o kama? kulupu nimi sin pi seme a li pona tawa kulupu nimi pi jan? tenpo lili la, jan mute li open kepeken ilo Sasipisi. ona li kama la tenpo mun tu li pini la jan mute mute li open kepeken ilo ni. kin la, jan mute li toki e ni: ilo ni la, ona li ken ante e pali sona anu seme? ona li sona e ijo mute tan ni: jan li pali e ilo ni la, ona li pana e lipu mute e sona mute tawa ni. kin la, ilo ni o kepeken nasin toki seme la, ona li pana e sona ni tawa ilo ni. suli la, ona li ken pana e kulupu nimi pi lon ala. tan ni la, ona li pana e kulupu nimi la, jan o wile sona e ni: toki pi ilo ni la, ona li lon ala lon? tan ijo sama ni la jan mute li toki e pakala pi ilo ni. [[toki Inli]] la, nimi "{{toki ante|''GPT''}}" li tan kulupu nimi "{{toki ante|''Generative pre-trained transformer''}}". kon pi nimi "{{toki ante|''Generative''}}" la, ilo li ken pali e kulupu nimi sin e sitelen sin e kalama sin. kon pi nimi "{{toki ante|''Pre-trained''}}" la, ilo li kama sona kepeken ijo mute. taso, ilo li awen kama sona ala lon pini pi pali ona. kon pi nimi "{{toki ante|''Transformer''}}" la, ilo li ken ante e sona ona tawa ijo sin. tenpo ni la, jan li ken kepeken sona wawa nanpa 5.3 ({{toki ante|GPT-5.3}}). ona li ken lukin e sitelen, li ken kute e kalama. [[Category:ilo kon]] [[kulupu:ilo AI]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sasipisi, ilo}} 9ifzgvs87d7dn4ye88dhv1b9ny45byt 100 3632 65468 63879 2026-05-19T15:32:32Z Jan Ekawi 6104 tenpo mute la, kalama pi sitelen Y li kalama ⁠[j] anu ⁠kalama [y ~ ɥ]. 65468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{sitelen nimi}} {{nimi ni li sin}} {{nimi ni li musi}} {{nimi ni li lili}} nimi "yupekosi" li nimi sin musi tan [[mama Sonja]]. tan ona li ni: mama Sonja li toki e ona lon [[ilo Siko]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200217124810/http://tokipona.net/tp/janpije/extinctwords.php</ref> == kon == # jan li sama {{nimi ijo|jan So Luka|George Lucas}}. jan li ante, li alasa pona e ijo pali ona pi sin ala. taso, ona li ike taso e ona. == tan == nimi ni li kama tan ala. == kalama == jan ala li sona a kalama pi nimi ni tan ni: [[sitelen Y]] li lon ala nasin sitelen pi toki pona. jan tu li toki e nimi ni la, kalama li ken ante. taso, jan mute li kalama kepeken kalama ⁠[j] anu ⁠kalama [y ~ ɥ]. {{kalama nimi|nimi=yupekosi}} == tan sona == {{sona pi tan sona}} gxow57p31deneh402gu4d13r42ta6io 0 4006 65467 60835 2026-05-19T14:28:50Z ManuStorm 1500 65467 wikitext text/x-wiki [[sitelen:Nihachu and Wilbur Soot in 2020.jpg|thumb|jan tu en kala len laso]] '''kala len laso''' anu {{nimi ijo|'''kala len Paja'''|blåhaj|toki Sensa}} li kala musi. ona li tan [[kulupu Ikeja]]. ona li sama lukin tawa [[kala pi uta wawa]]. kala len laso li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 2010. taso, nimi pi kala len ni li {{nimi ijo|"kala len pilin"|klappar haj}} lon open. kala len ni li kama pimeja lon tenpo sike nanpa 2010, taso kulupu Ikeja li laso e kule ni lon tenpo sike nanpa 2012. kala len laso li [[sitelen musi tan kulupu pi ilo sona]]. ona li sitelen pi kulupu jan [[tonsi]]. == sijelo monsi == sijelo monsi li mama lon tenpo monsi pi tenpo sike 2008. ni li nimi e {{nimi ijo|'''kala len Kepi'''|Grössby|toki Sensa}} e {{nimi ijo|'''kala len Kapaja'''|Klappar Haj|toki Sensa}} e {{nimi ijo|'''kala len Ensa'''|Ensta|toki Sensa}}. ni li lukin ante tan kala len Paja. ni li walo pimeja en kala len Kepi li jo e ko kiwen tan kala len ante lon insa.<ref>{{tan sona|linja=http://www.ikea.com/us/en/catalog/products/10158995|tan=IKEA {{!}} Toys {{!}} Soft toys {{!}} KLAPPAR HAJ {{!}} Soft toy|tenpo lukin=2026-05-19|linja sama=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917005534/http://www.ikea.com/us/en/catalog/products/10158995|tenpo sama=2010-09-17}}</ref> == sitelen tonsi en linluwi la == sitelen pi kala len laso li lon lipu Tanpe lon lipu Itakan lon tenpo sike 2014. tenpo sike 2018 la ni li ante tawa [[sitelen musi tan kulupu pi ilo sona]], jan li mama e sitelen poka ni. sitelen ni li lukin e pali jan. ni li lukin e [[lipu]] anu li moku e [[telo wawa pimeja|telo wawa]].<ref>{{tan sona|toki tan=en|linja=https://mothership.sg/2019/12/ikea-shark-plushies-human/|tan=People are rearranging IKEA Shark plushies to make them do human things|tenpo lukin=2026-05-19}}</ref> tenpo sinpin pi tenpo sike 2020 la ni li wan poka jan kule kulupu. kin la ni li wan poka [[tonsi]] kulupu tan ni. ni li jo e kule laso e kule loje walo e kule walo. ni li kule pi len tonsi. kulupu Ikeja li sona e ni. wawa jan pi wan jan sama pi ma Suwasi pi tenpo sike 2021 la kala len laso li lon lape supa poka {{nimi ijo|'''soweli len Nate'''|Snuttig|toki Sensa}}. ante tawa lon la tonsi jan li esun e ni tan ante tawa jan suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Christina Focken|toki tan=de|linja=https://taz.de/Ein-Plueschtier-als-Trans-Ikone/!5954789/|tan=Ein Plüschtier als Trans-Ikone: Hailiges Maskottchen|kulupu toki=Die Tageszeitung: taz|tenpo=2023-09-02|tenpo lukin=2026-05-19}}</ref> tenpo ni la jan li mama e sitelen. sitelen ni li kama tawa lipu Itakan tawa lipu Tuwite tawa lipu Lesi tawa lipu Sito. ni li lon musi sitelen Kokaje tan musi sitelen kulupu Manpe. tenpo mun 9 pi tenpo sike 2021 la jan li seli lon lipu Tuwite. jan linluwi pi kulupu Ikeja pi ma Ele en ma Sinkapu li toki e esun pini pi kala len laso. ni li lukin ala lon kulupu esun pi kulupu Ikeja pi ma Sonko en ma Sinkapu. "Blåhaj li kama moli" li nanpa wan lon lipu Tuwite. jan linluwi pi kulupu Ikeja pi ma Mewika li toki e kama esun en jan linluwi tu pi kulupu Ikeja li toki e "Blåhaj li kama moli ala". esun tawa pakala pi tenpo ale ala la jan li lukin ala e kala len laso.<ref>{{tan sona|toki tan=en|linja=https://twitter.com/madisonkingpa/status/1443328614917939212|tan=maya ventura (@MayaWalkWithMe) on X|kulupu toki=X (formerly Twitter)|tenpo lukin=2026-05-19|linja sama=http://web.archive.org/web/20250826160344/https://twitter.com/madisonkingpa/status/1443328614917939212|tenpo sama=2025-08-26}}</ref> tenpo mun 2 pi tenpo sike 2022 la jan li "seli" e kulupu Ikeja. ni li poki e kala len laso kepeken weka poki. jan li toki eni, ni li pilin ike tawa kala len. tenpo mun 11 pi tenpo sike 2022 la kulupu Ikeja lon ma Kanata li pana e kala len laso namako tawa tonsi jan. ni li jo e nimi jan lon luka. mute li pana tawa unpa pilin tomo lon ma tomo Alipa lon ma kipisi Nowasekosija lon ma Kanata. == lipu sama == * [[soweli len ma]] (Jankeseko) * [[soweli len pimeja]] (Lupisi) == lipu sona == <references /> [[kulupu:kala]] [[kulupu:musi]] qid29w1rieo0qp3whyishetjulcv82u 0 5519 65469 58850 2026-05-19T15:53:45Z Kasisin 5103 mi pana e nimi "nanpa" tawa nimi ni: ona o jo e ona. 65469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{poki sona jan| | nimi jan = jan Kija Sama | nimi mama = Keir Starmer | sitelen = [[sitelen:Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_Portrait_(cropped).jpg|200px]] | kalama = | ma = ma Juke | pali = jan lawa pi ma Juke | ma pi kama lon = [[ma tomo Lontan]] pi ma Juke | tenpo sike pi kama lon = tenpo 1962-09-02 | ma moli = | tenpo sike moli = | kulupu = | jan olin = | mama = | jan lili = | kulupu mama = | sitelen nimi = [[sitelen:Keir Starmer signature.svg|x40px]] }} {{nimi ijo|'''jan Kija Sama'''|Keir Starmer|toki Inli}} li [[jan lawa]] pi [[ma Juke]] tan jan. [[jan Wisi Suna]] li pini e tenpo lawa ona la, ona li kama jan lawa lon tenpo sike nanpa 2024. ona li tan [[kulupu Lepa pi ma Juke|kulupu Lepa]]. [[kulupu:jan]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Kija Sama, jan}} 0rj4y119yh9p0bbx4qisujl7x3ajv3k 0 10368 65488 61315 2026-05-20T10:56:11Z ManuStorm 1500 65488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{poki sona ma | nimi ma = kulupu ma Pisin pi ma Mewika | nimi mama = Virgin Islands of the United States | ma = kulupu pi ma lili | len ma = [[sitelen:Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg|125px]] | sitelen lawa = [[sitelen:Seal of the United States Virgin Islands.svg|100px]] | sitelen ma = [[sitelen:United States Virgin Islands on the globe (Americas centered).svg|250px]] | toki anpa pi sitelen ma = kulupu ma Pisin pi ma Mewika lon sike ma (loje) | ma suli = [[ma Mewika]] | ma tomo lawa = {{lipu li ala|ma tomo Salatamali|Q51681}} | toki lawa = [[toki Inli]] | mute jan = 87,146 | tenpo = UTC-4 }} {{lili}} {{nimi ijo|'''kulupu ma Pisin pi ma Mewika'''|Virgin Islands of the United States|toki Inli}} li [[kulupu pi ma lili]] lon [[telo Kalipi]]. [[ma Mewika]] li lawa e ona. ni li lon ma lili Pisin lon ma lili Anteja lili. ni li jo e sewi selo pi ante linja. ni li jo e selo poka kulupu ma Pisin pi ma Juke. kulupu ma Pisin pi ma Mewika li ma lili San Koje li ma lili San Son li ma ma lili San Toma li ma lili ante. ma ni li 346.36 km². ma tomo lawa li ma tomo Salote Amali lon ma lili San Toma. {{kipisi pi ma Mewika}} {{ma Mewika}} [[kulupu:ma Mewika]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Pisin pi ma Mewika, kulupu ma}} cenk87ecxxys1pr99crxwuh8cc51wws 0 10698 65466 62722 2026-05-19T14:05:11Z Jan Ekawi 6104 mi pana e nnp. 65466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{nimi ijo|'''jan Malijeta Pali'''|Marietta Pallis|toki Inli}} li sona wawa e {{lipu li ala|linja pi ijo lon|Q7150}}, li pali e [[ijo musi]] kepeken [[sona kasi]]. jan ante li sona e ona tan alasa sona ona pi [[kasi telo]] lon {{lipu li ala|ma kasi Po pi ma Juke|Q1999046}} lon {{lipu li ala|linja telo Tanupu|Q184429}}. kin la, jan ante li sona e ona tan pali ona lon sijelo ma pi wile sewi. ona li kama tan [[ma tomo Munpa]] pi [[ma Palata]]. taso, ona li lon kulupu jan [[ma Elina|Elina]] lon kulupu jan Piton. ona li kama tan mama lon tenpo sike nanpa 1882 <small>(LLLTWAMMMMT^{[[nasin nanpa pona|[nnp]]]})</small>, li moli lon tenpo sike nanpa 1963 <small>(LLLTTAMMMTW^{[[nasin nanpa pona|[nnp]]]})</small>. ijz59b4030tb4l2jq4bjlcdkb3bnjdd 1 10767 65472 63154 2026-05-19T16:03:12Z Kasisin 5103 jan Kasisin li ante e nimi pi lipu "[[toki:toki ilo Juniko]]" tawa lipu "[[toki:nasin Juniko]]": mute nanpa wan la jan li kepeken nimi ni. nimi open "toki ilo" li nasa ike mute tawa mi. 63154 wikitext text/x-wiki == seme la ijo Juniko li toki? == mi sona ala e tan pi nimi 'toki ilo Juniko' ni. <br/>lukin mi la, ijo Juniko li ken nasin, li ken ilo, li ken ilo toki li ken nasin toki. li toki ala li toki ilo ala. lipu ni li toki kepeken nimi 'toki ilo Juniko' tan seme? ni li tan nimi 'programming language' pi toki Inli, anu seme? (ijo Juniko li 'programming language' ala a, la tan ken ni li nasa...) [[ilo:Pali jan/&#126;2026-19672-20|&#126;2026-19672-20]] ([[jan la toki:&#126;2026-19672-20|talk]]) 2026-03-30T11:06:23 (UTC) a8frqv69iufv83sxq5dphxdwag0cq8a 0 10870 65478 65462 2026-05-19T17:24:22Z Benscat 3375 mi pona e toki lili 65478 wikitext text/x-wiki [[sitelen:Mayamap.png|alt=sitelen ma pi ma Maja|thumb|ma pi kulupu Maja lon tenpo pini]] '''kulupu Maja pi tenpo pini''' li kulupu jan, li [[kulupu tomo]] lon [[ma Mesomelika]]. ona li suli tan ni: ona li kama [[sona mun]], e nanpa nasin ona, e [[sitelen kiwen]], e nasin tomo, e ma tomo suli, e kulupu linja esun, e nasin lawa suli. kin, ona li pali e [[sitelen toki]] ona. nasin pi sitelen toki ni li suli nanpa wan tan [[ma Amelika]] pi tenpo pini. [[ma Mesiko]] la, ona li lon [[ma palisa Jukatan]], lon [[ma Sijapa]], lon [[ma Tapako]]. kin, ona li lon [[ma Katemala|ma Watemala]], lon [[ma Peli]], lon [[ma Ontula]], lon [[ma Sawato]].<ref name=":0">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Nicolai Grube|linja=http://archive.org/details/los-mayas.-una-civilizacion-milenaria.|tan=Los Mayas. Una Civilizacion Milenaria.|tenpo lukin=2026-04-09}}</ref> tenpo lon la, [[kulupu Maja]] li awen lon ma pi jan mama ona, li kepeken toki tan toki mama ona. ona li kama lon la, ona li pali e kasi li moku e kili e pan. ona li open pali e ma tomo lon poka pi tenpo sike 900 BCE la, tenpo sike nanpa 500 BCE la ma tomo ni li jo e tomo sewi suli. sitelen toki li kama lon poka p tenpo sike nanpa 300 BCE. tenpo insa li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 250 BCE la, jan li sitelen e tenpo nanpa lon sinpin kepeken {{lipu li ala|nasin tenpo pi nanpa suli|Q767358}}. ma tomo li esun mute. ma tomo Muta en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kalakamulu|Kaꞌaláakꞌmúul|toki Maja}} li utala mute. kipisi tenpo pini la, {{nimi ijo|ma Ukijana|Uuc Yabnal|toki Maja majuna}} en {{nimi ijo|ma Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}} li kama suli. tenpo pi sike ale nanpa 16 la, [[ma Epanja|kulupu Epanja]] li lanpan e ma Maja. == tenpo == === tenpo open === [[sitelen:Museo Miraflores 104.jpg|alt=sitelen kiwen pi ma El Milato.|thumb|sitelen kiwen pi ma El Milato.]] 1000 BCE en 800 BCE la, kulupu Maja li pali e {{nimi ijo|ma tomo lili Awata Peni|Aguada Fénix|toki Epanja}} lon [[ma Tapako]], lon tenpo insa.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bruce Bower|toki tan=toki Inli|linja=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/lidar-reveals-oldest-biggest-ancient-maya-structure-found-mexico|tan=Lidar reveals the oldest and biggest Maya structure yet found|ijo pana=Science News|tenpo=2020-06-03|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> ken la, ni li ma tomo majuna nanpa wan pi kulupu Maja, la ona li open awen lon ma wan taso.<ref>{{tan sona|toki tan=toki Epanja|linja=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-52915213|tan=Aguada Fénix: cómo se descubrió en México la construcción monumental maya más antigua y más grande jamás encontrada|ijo pana=BBC News Mundo|tenpo=2020-06-05|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> ma supa anpa pi [[ma palisa Jukatan|ma Jukatan]] la, tomo ante li kama lon [[ma Sijapa]] lon poka pi [[telo suli Pasipi|telo Pasipi]], lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 800 BCE, la jan li open pali e ma kili, e ijo pi [[ko kiwen]].<ref name=":1">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=26|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|tan=The Maya|kipisi=47|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> jan lawa Maja li pali e sinpin kiwen sitelen nanpa wan lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 400 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25|kipisi=182 en 197}}</ref> ona li pali e sitelen toki lon tenpo sike nanpa 300 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=William A. Saturno, David Stuart, Boris Beltrán|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=1281–1283|linja=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1121745|tan=Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala|nanpa=311|kulupu toki=Science|tenpo=2006-03-03|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> tenpo poka la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo El Milato|El Mirador|toki Epanja}} li kama suli mute.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=28|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> kin, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Jamuta|Yax Mutal|toki Maja majuna|na=|2b=|3b=}} li kama suli lon tenpo sike nanpa 350 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=25-26|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> ma nena la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kaminakuju|Kaminaljuyu|toki Maja Kise|3b=}},<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael Love|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=293 en #297|linja=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10814-007-9014-y|tan=Recent Research in the Southern Highlands and Pacific Coast of Mesoamerica|nanpa=15|kulupu toki=Journal of Archaeological Research|tenpo=2007-09-27|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Takali Apa|Takalik Abaj|toki Maja Kise}}, en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Sokola|Chocolá|}} li lon [[ma Katemala|ma Watemala]] li kama suli kin.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=236|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 100 CE la, tenpo pi nasin pona ni li pakala, la jan mute li weka e ma tomo mute. jan sona li sona ala e tan ona.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=8|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> === tenpo insa === [[sitelen:Tikal temple jaguar.jpg|alt=ma Jamuta|thumb|ma Jamuta li wawa lawa.]] tenpo insa la, ma anpa la, kulupu jan li pali e sitelen tenpo kepeken nasin tenpo pi nanpa suli.<ref name=":2">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|kipisi=81|tan=The Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> tenpo ni la, jan li pali e tomo suli, e ma tomo suli, e sitelen kiwen suli. mute la, ni li lon ma anpa tawa nasin pi waso lete.<ref name=":2" /> pilin jan la, nasin lawa lon tenpo ni li sama nasin lawa pi [[ma Elina]] majuna, anu nasin lawa pi [[ma Italija]] lon tenpo sike nanpa 1500.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=21|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo open pi tenpo insa la, kulupu jan pi [[ma tomo Tejosiwakan]] li kama li ante e ma tomo Maja.<ref name=":3">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=9|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 378 la, ona li kama lon ma tomo Muta, lon ma tomo ante, li pana e jan lawa sin tawa ona.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Demarest, Arthur|kipisi=218|tan=Ancient Maya: the rise and fall of a rainforest civilization|nanpa=8. print|kulupu toki=Case studies in early societies|ijo pana=Cambridge University Press|tenpo=2011|tenpo lukin=}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Francisco Estrada Belli|kipisi=123-126|tan=The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period|ijo pana=Routledge|tenpo=2011|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Sija Ka|Siyaj Kʼakʼ|toki Maja|kama tan seli}} li lawa e kama ni. {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Saka To Isaka nanpa wan|Chak Tok Ich'aak I|toki Maja}} li moli lon tenpo sama la, ken la utala li lon.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=322|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=29|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo sike kama la, jan Sija Ka li pana e jan lawa sin. ni li {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Ja Nun Akin nanpa wan|Yax Nuun Ahiin I|toki Maja majuna}}. ni la, ma Muta li kama suli, li kama wawa lon ma poka.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=324|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma tomo Muta en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kalakamulu|Kaꞌaláakꞌmúul|toki Maja}} li utala mute. tu li pali e linja esun e linja lawa tawa ma tomo ante, li lawa e ma tomo lili mute. ni la, ma lawa tu ni li utala kepeken ma tomo lili ona. tenpo mute la, ma wan li anpa e ma ante, anu, ma ante li anpa e ma wan.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Lynn V. Foster|kipisi=133|tan=The Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World|kulupu toki=|ijo pana=Oxford University Press|tenpo=2002}}</ref> tawa nasin insa pi waso lete pi open suno la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Owisiki|Oxwitik|toki Maja majuna}} li suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=36|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 426 la, jan lawa ona li toki li esun pona tawa ma Tejosiwakan, tawa ma lawa pi {{lipu li ala|ma lupa Peten|Q2164403}}.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=192-193|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=342|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo pona ona nanpa wan li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 695, li pini lon tenpo sike 738.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=200 en #203|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> ma tomo ante suli li {{nimi ijo|ma Paka|Bàak|toki Maja}}, li {{nimi ijo|ma Jokipi|Yo’ki’b|toki Maja majuna}}, li {{nimi ijo|Ko San|Joy Chan|toki Maja majuna}}, li {{nimi ijo|ma Pakulu|B'aaku'l'|toki Maja majuna}}.<gallery mode="packed" heights="140" widths="140"> sitelen:CPN WEST COURT 01.jpg|ma Owisiki sitelen:Calakmul Structure 2.jpg|ma Kalakamulu sitelen:Mexico-3101B (4291194937).jpg|ma Ko San sitelen:Palenque 16.jpg|ma Paka </gallery>[[sitelen:Chichen Itza '2010 07.jpg|alt=ma Sisen Isa|thumb|ma Ukijana anu ma Sisen Isa.|left]] ==== pakala pi tenpo insa ==== poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 300 la, kulupu tomo Maja li kama pakala. jan li weka e ma tomo ona. jan lawa li moli. wawa li tawa nasin pi soweli lete.<ref name=":3" /> jan li sona wawa ala e tan pi pakala ni, la ken la, ona li tan ijo mute. pilin pi jan sona la, ijo ni li utala insa, li jan pi mute suli ike, li moli kasi, li telo lili.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|kipisi=151-#155|tan=The Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> ma tomo li pini sitelen e tenpo. sitelen pi nasin tenpo suli nanpa pini li lon {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Popo|Popo'|toki Maja majuna}} lon tenpo sike nanpa 909. jan li pali ala e sinpin sitelen, li kama lon tomo lawa pi jan ala. nasin linja esun li ante, li weka e ma Peten.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Lynn V. Foster|kipisi=60|tan=The Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World|kulupu toki=|ijo pana=Oxford University Press|tenpo=2002}}</ref> taso, tenpo sama la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Osoma|Óoxmáal|toki Maja}} en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Ukijana|Uuc Yabnal|toki Maja majuna}} li suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=9 en #203|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> === tenpo pini === [[sitelen:Mayapan chac.JPG|alt=sitelen kiwen lon ma Majapan.|thumb|ma Majapan li suli.]] kulupu Maja li awen. taso, tenpo insa la, ona li suli lili. ona li weka e ma tomo ona la, ona li kama lon poka pi telo awen.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=613 en #616|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma tomo Ukijana en ma tomo pi {{nimi ijo|ma Puku|Puuc|toki Maja}} li kama wawa lili lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1000. ma tomo suli sin li kama lon tenpo sike nanpa 1100, li {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Majapan|Máayapaan|toki Maja}}. ma lawa sin li kama lon poka pi [[telo suli Kalipi|telo Kalipi]], lon poka pi [[telo suli Mesiko|telo Mesiko]], li pali e nasin esun sin.<ref name=":6">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Marilyn A. Masson|kipisi=18238|linja=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3494883/|tan=Maya Collapse Cycles|nanpa=109|kulupu toki=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|tenpo=2012-11-06|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> ijo mute li ante lon tenpo pini.<ref name=":5">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Arroyo, Bárbara|kipisi=38–43|tan=El Poslclásico Tardío en los Altos de Guatemala|nanpa=9|kulupu toki=Arqueología Mexicana Edición Especial|tenpo=2001-08}}</ref> jan li lon ma tomo suli Kaminakuju lon tenpo sike mute ale, taso jan li weka e ona.<ref name=":4">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=618|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma nena en ma lon poka pi telo Pasipi la, jan li pali e tomo lon ma pi awen pona, li pali e sinipin awen, e lupa awen.<ref name=":4"/> ma nena lon ma Watemala la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}} li ma tomo lawa pi {{nimi ijo|ma lawa Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}}, li suli mute.<ref name=":5"/> nasin lawa, en nasin kulupu, en nasin kon li ike la, jan li weka e ma Majapan lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1448. ni la, tenpo utala en tenpo pi jaki sijelo en tenpo pi pakala kon li lon tenpo kama. tenpo ike ni li pini taso lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1511.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Marilyn A. Masson en Carlos Peraza Lope|linja=https://books.google.com/books?id=580dBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT805|tan=Militarism, Misery and Collapse|kulupu toki=[https://books.google.com/books?id=580dBQAAQBAJ Kukulcan's Realm: Urban Life at Ancient Mayapán]|ijo pana=University Press of Colorado|tenpo=2014|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> taso, ma tomo lawa suli li lon ala la, [[ma Epanja|kulupu Epanja]] li lukin kin e ma tomo pi mani mute, e tomo esun pona pi mani mute lon tenpo pi kama ona.<ref name=":6" /> kulupu Epanja li kama la tenpo poka la, kulupu pi ma lawa li lawa e ma nena pi ma Watemala.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=717|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|[[kulupu Kise]]|Kʼicheʼ|toki Maja Kise}} li pali e ma lawa lili lon ma ni, taso, {{nimi ijo|ma lawa Kasike|Kaqchikel|toki Kasikele}} li pakala e ona kepeken tenpo mute.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Restall, Matthew en Florine Asselbergs|kipisi=5|tan=Invading Guatemala: Spanish, Nahua, and Maya accounts of the Conquest Wars|kulupu toki=Latin American Originals|ijo pana=Pennsylvania State University Press|tenpo=2007|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> === kulupu Epanja li kama === [[sitelen:Lienzo de Tlaxcala Iximche.gif|thumb|lipu ni li sitelen e utala lon ma Isinse]] tenpo sike nanpa 1511 la, tomo tawa telo li tan ma Epanja li pakala lon telo Kalipi, la jan awen ona li tawa ma Jukatan. jan lawa Maja li jo e ona, li moli e ona, taso jan tu li tawa weka. tenpo sike nanpa 1517 tawa tenpo sike nanpa 1519 la, jan Epanja li tawa ma Jukatan, li lukin e ona, lon tenpo tu wan. ni la, ona li utala mute e kulupu Maja.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=759-760|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> [[ma tomo Mesiko-Tenosilan|ma Tenosilan]] li anpa lon tenpo sike nanpa 1521 la, [[jan Enan Kote]] li pana e {{nimi ijo|jan Peto Apalato|Pedro de Alvarado|toki Epanja}} e jan utala, tawa ma Watemala. ona li kama lon ma Sijapa lon tenpo sike nanpa 1523,<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=763|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> li anpa e ma tomo Kunkalaka lon tenpo sike nanpa 1524.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=764-765|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo kama ni la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Isinse|Iximcheʼ|toki Maja}} pi kulupu Kise li jo pona e kulupu Epanja.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Schele, Linda en Peter Mathews|kipisi=297|linja=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind|tan=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs|ijo pana=Simon & Schuster|tenpo=1999}}</ref> ike la, jan Epanja li wile e [[kiwen mani jelo|kiwen mani]] tan jan pi ma tomo, la jan li weka e ma tomo.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Schele, Linda en Peter Mathews|kipisi=298|linja=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind|tan=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs|ijo pana=Simon & Schuster|tenpo=1999}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Sakuleju|Zaculeu|toki Maja Man}} li anpa kin lon tenpo sike nanpa 1525.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Recinos, Adrián|toki tan=toki Epanja|kipisi=110|tan=Pedro de Alvarado: Conquistador de México y Guatemala|nimi pi kulupu tan kepeken toki tan=CENALTEX Centro Nacional de Libros de Texto y Material Didáctico 'José de Pineda Ibarra'|tenpo=1986}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|jan Pansiko Monteko|Francisco de Montejo|toki Epanja}} en {{nimi ijo|jan Pansiko Monteko lili|Francisco de Montejo "El Mozo"|toki Epanja}} li tawa li utala e ma lawa lon ma Jukatan lon tenpo sike nanpa 1527, li lanpan e ma Jukatan ale lon tenpo sike nanpa 1546.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=766-772|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ni la, ma tomo Maja li lon ma lupa Peten taso.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=772-773|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 1697 la, {{nimi ijo|jan Masin Usuja|Martín de Ursúa|toki Epanja}} li anpa e {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Nopeten|Nojpetén|toki Maja Isa}}. ma tomo ni li ma tomo Maja nanpa pini.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Grant D. Jones|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=19|linja=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeOWl54Mt7UC&pg=RA2-PT82|tan=The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=1998|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> == tan sona == <references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Maja pi tenpo pini, kulupu}} [[kulupu:kulupu jan pi tenpo pini]] fwv7hc6u9auryngmrp6vm0doyn45g3q 65479 65478 2026-05-20T01:02:57Z Benscat 3375 mi pana e kipisi pi nasin nanpa 65479 wikitext text/x-wiki [[sitelen:Mayamap.png|alt=sitelen ma pi ma Maja|thumb|ma pi kulupu Maja lon tenpo pini]] '''kulupu Maja pi tenpo pini''' li kulupu jan, li [[kulupu tomo]] lon [[ma Mesomelika]]. ona li suli tan ni: ona li kama [[sona mun]], e nanpa nasin ona, e [[sitelen kiwen]], e nasin tomo, e ma tomo suli, e kulupu linja esun, e nasin lawa suli. kin, ona li pali e [[sitelen toki]] ona. nasin pi sitelen toki ni li suli nanpa wan tan [[ma Amelika]] pi tenpo pini. [[ma Mesiko]] la, ona li lon [[ma palisa Jukatan]], lon [[ma Sijapa]], lon [[ma Tapako]]. kin, ona li lon [[ma Katemala|ma Watemala]], lon [[ma Peli]], lon [[ma Ontula]], lon [[ma Sawato]].<ref name=":0">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Nicolai Grube|linja=http://archive.org/details/los-mayas.-una-civilizacion-milenaria.|tan=Los Mayas. Una Civilizacion Milenaria.|tenpo lukin=2026-04-09}}</ref> tenpo lon la, [[kulupu Maja]] li awen lon ma pi jan mama ona, li kepeken toki tan toki mama ona. ona li kama lon la, ona li pali e kasi li moku e kili e pan. ona li open pali e ma tomo lon poka pi tenpo sike 900 BCE la, tenpo sike nanpa 500 BCE la ma tomo ni li jo e tomo sewi suli. sitelen toki li kama lon poka p tenpo sike nanpa 300 BCE. tenpo insa li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 250 BCE la, jan li sitelen e tenpo nanpa lon sinpin kepeken {{lipu li ala|nasin tenpo pi nanpa suli|Q767358}}. ma tomo li esun mute. ma tomo Muta en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kalakamulu|Kaꞌaláakꞌmúul|toki Maja}} li utala mute. kipisi tenpo pini la, {{nimi ijo|ma Ukijana|Uuc Yabnal|toki Maja majuna}} en {{nimi ijo|ma Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}} li kama suli. tenpo pi sike ale nanpa 16 la, [[ma Epanja|kulupu Epanja]] li lanpan e ma Maja. == tenpo == === tenpo open === [[sitelen:Museo Miraflores 104.jpg|alt=sitelen kiwen pi ma El Milato.|thumb|sitelen kiwen pi ma El Milato.]] 1000 BCE en 800 BCE la, kulupu Maja li pali e {{nimi ijo|ma tomo lili Awata Peni|Aguada Fénix|toki Epanja}} lon [[ma Tapako]], lon tenpo insa.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bruce Bower|toki tan=toki Inli|linja=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/lidar-reveals-oldest-biggest-ancient-maya-structure-found-mexico|tan=Lidar reveals the oldest and biggest Maya structure yet found|ijo pana=Science News|tenpo=2020-06-03|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> ken la, ni li ma tomo majuna nanpa wan pi kulupu Maja, la ona li open awen lon ma wan taso.<ref>{{tan sona|toki tan=toki Epanja|linja=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-52915213|tan=Aguada Fénix: cómo se descubrió en México la construcción monumental maya más antigua y más grande jamás encontrada|ijo pana=BBC News Mundo|tenpo=2020-06-05|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> ma supa anpa pi [[ma palisa Jukatan|ma Jukatan]] la, tomo ante li kama lon [[ma Sijapa]] lon poka pi [[telo suli Pasipi|telo Pasipi]], lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 800 BCE, la jan li open pali e ma kili, e ijo pi [[ko kiwen]].<ref name=":1">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=26|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|tan=The Maya|kipisi=47|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> jan lawa Maja li pali e sinpin kiwen sitelen nanpa wan lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 400 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25|kipisi=182 en 197}}</ref> ona li pali e sitelen toki lon tenpo sike nanpa 300 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=William A. Saturno, David Stuart, Boris Beltrán|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=1281–1283|linja=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1121745|tan=Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala|nanpa=311|kulupu toki=Science|tenpo=2006-03-03|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> tenpo poka la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo El Milato|El Mirador|toki Epanja}} li kama suli mute.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=28|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> kin, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Jamuta|Yax Mutal|toki Maja majuna|na=|2b=|3b=}} li kama suli lon tenpo sike nanpa 350 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=25-26|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> ma nena la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kaminakuju|Kaminaljuyu|toki Maja Kise|3b=}},<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael Love|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=293 en #297|linja=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10814-007-9014-y|tan=Recent Research in the Southern Highlands and Pacific Coast of Mesoamerica|nanpa=15|kulupu toki=Journal of Archaeological Research|tenpo=2007-09-27|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Takali Apa|Takalik Abaj|toki Maja Kise}}, en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Sokola|Chocolá|}} li lon [[ma Katemala|ma Watemala]] li kama suli kin.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=236|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 100 CE la, tenpo pi nasin pona ni li pakala, la jan mute li weka e ma tomo mute. jan sona li sona ala e tan ona.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=8|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> === tenpo insa === [[sitelen:Tikal temple jaguar.jpg|alt=ma Jamuta|thumb|ma Jamuta li wawa lawa.]] tenpo insa la, ma anpa la, kulupu jan li pali e sitelen tenpo kepeken nasin tenpo pi nanpa suli.<ref name=":2">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|kipisi=81|tan=The Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> tenpo ni la, jan li pali e tomo suli, e ma tomo suli, e sitelen kiwen suli. mute la, ni li lon ma anpa tawa nasin pi waso lete.<ref name=":2" /> pilin jan la, nasin lawa lon tenpo ni li sama nasin lawa pi [[ma Elina]] majuna, anu nasin lawa pi [[ma Italija]] lon tenpo sike nanpa 1500.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=21|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo open pi tenpo insa la, kulupu jan pi [[ma tomo Tejosiwakan]] li kama li ante e ma tomo Maja.<ref name=":3">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=9|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 378 la, ona li kama lon ma tomo Muta, lon ma tomo ante, li pana e jan lawa sin tawa ona.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Demarest, Arthur|kipisi=218|tan=Ancient Maya: the rise and fall of a rainforest civilization|nanpa=8. print|kulupu toki=Case studies in early societies|ijo pana=Cambridge University Press|tenpo=2011|tenpo lukin=}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Francisco Estrada Belli|kipisi=123-126|tan=The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period|ijo pana=Routledge|tenpo=2011|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Sija Ka|Siyaj Kʼakʼ|toki Maja|kama tan seli}} li lawa e kama ni. {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Saka To Isaka nanpa wan|Chak Tok Ich'aak I|toki Maja}} li moli lon tenpo sama la, ken la utala li lon.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=322|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=29|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo sike kama la, jan Sija Ka li pana e jan lawa sin. ni li {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Ja Nun Akin nanpa wan|Yax Nuun Ahiin I|toki Maja majuna}}. ni la, ma Muta li kama suli, li kama wawa lon ma poka.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=324|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma tomo Muta en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kalakamulu|Kaꞌaláakꞌmúul|toki Maja}} li utala mute. tu li pali e linja esun e linja lawa tawa ma tomo ante, li lawa e ma tomo lili mute. ni la, ma lawa tu ni li utala kepeken ma tomo lili ona. tenpo mute la, ma wan li anpa e ma ante, anu, ma ante li anpa e ma wan.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Lynn V. Foster|kipisi=133|tan=The Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World|kulupu toki=|ijo pana=Oxford University Press|tenpo=2002}}</ref> tawa nasin insa pi waso lete pi open suno la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Owisiki|Oxwitik|toki Maja majuna}} li suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=36|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 426 la, jan lawa ona li toki li esun pona tawa ma Tejosiwakan, tawa ma lawa pi {{lipu li ala|ma lupa Peten|Q2164403}}.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=192-193|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=342|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo pona ona nanpa wan li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 695, li pini lon tenpo sike 738.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=200 en #203|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> ma tomo ante suli li {{nimi ijo|ma Paka|Bàak|toki Maja}}, li {{nimi ijo|ma Jokipi|Yo’ki’b|toki Maja majuna}}, li {{nimi ijo|Ko San|Joy Chan|toki Maja majuna}}, li {{nimi ijo|ma Pakulu|B'aaku'l'|toki Maja majuna}}.<gallery mode="packed" heights="140" widths="140"> sitelen:CPN WEST COURT 01.jpg|ma Owisiki sitelen:Calakmul Structure 2.jpg|ma Kalakamulu sitelen:Mexico-3101B (4291194937).jpg|ma Ko San sitelen:Palenque 16.jpg|ma Paka </gallery>[[sitelen:Chichen Itza '2010 07.jpg|alt=ma Sisen Isa|thumb|ma Ukijana anu ma Sisen Isa.|left]] ==== pakala pi tenpo insa ==== poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 300 la, kulupu tomo Maja li kama pakala. jan li weka e ma tomo ona. jan lawa li moli. wawa li tawa nasin pi soweli lete.<ref name=":3" /> jan li sona wawa ala e tan pi pakala ni, la ken la, ona li tan ijo mute. pilin pi jan sona la, ijo ni li utala insa, li jan pi mute suli ike, li moli kasi, li telo lili.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|kipisi=151-#155|tan=The Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> ma tomo li pini sitelen e tenpo. sitelen pi nasin tenpo suli nanpa pini li lon {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Popo|Popo'|toki Maja majuna}} lon tenpo sike nanpa 909. jan li pali ala e sinpin sitelen, li kama lon tomo lawa pi jan ala. nasin linja esun li ante, li weka e ma anpa Peten.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Lynn V. Foster|kipisi=60|tan=The Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World|kulupu toki=|ijo pana=Oxford University Press|tenpo=2002}}</ref> taso, tenpo sama la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Osoma|Óoxmáal|toki Maja}} en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Ukijana|Uuc Yabnal|toki Maja majuna}} li suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=9 en #203|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> === tenpo pini === [[sitelen:Mayapan chac.JPG|alt=sitelen kiwen lon ma Majapan.|thumb|ma Majapan li suli.]] kulupu Maja li awen. taso, tenpo insa la, ona li suli lili. ona li weka e ma tomo ona la, ona li kama lon poka pi telo awen.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=613 en #616|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma tomo Ukijana en ma tomo pi {{nimi ijo|ma Puku|Puuc|toki Maja}} li kama wawa lili lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1000. ma tomo suli sin li kama lon tenpo sike nanpa 1100, li {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Majapan|Máayapaan|toki Maja}}. ma lawa sin li kama lon poka pi [[telo suli Kalipi|telo Kalipi]], lon poka pi [[telo suli Mesiko|telo Mesiko]], li pali e nasin esun sin.<ref name=":6">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Marilyn A. Masson|kipisi=18238|linja=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3494883/|tan=Maya Collapse Cycles|nanpa=109|kulupu toki=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|tenpo=2012-11-06|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> ijo mute li ante lon tenpo pini.<ref name=":5">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Arroyo, Bárbara|kipisi=38–43|tan=El Poslclásico Tardío en los Altos de Guatemala|nanpa=9|kulupu toki=Arqueología Mexicana Edición Especial|tenpo=2001-08}}</ref> jan li lon ma tomo suli Kaminakuju lon tenpo sike mute ale, taso jan li weka e ona.<ref name=":4">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=618|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma nena en ma lon poka pi telo Pasipi la, jan li pali e tomo lon ma pi awen pona, li pali e sinipin awen, e lupa awen.<ref name=":4"/> ma nena lon ma Watemala la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}} li ma tomo lawa pi {{nimi ijo|ma lawa Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}}, li suli mute.<ref name=":5"/> nasin lawa, en nasin kulupu, en nasin kon li ike la, jan li weka e ma Majapan lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1448. ni la, tenpo utala en tenpo pi jaki sijelo en tenpo pi pakala kon li lon tenpo kama. tenpo ike ni li pini taso lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1511.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Marilyn A. Masson en Carlos Peraza Lope|linja=https://books.google.com/books?id=580dBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT805|tan=Militarism, Misery and Collapse|kulupu toki=[https://books.google.com/books?id=580dBQAAQBAJ Kukulcan's Realm: Urban Life at Ancient Mayapán]|ijo pana=University Press of Colorado|tenpo=2014|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> taso, ma tomo lawa suli li lon ala la, [[ma Epanja|kulupu Epanja]] li lukin kin e ma tomo pi mani mute, e tomo esun pona pi mani mute lon tenpo pi kama ona.<ref name=":6" /> kulupu Epanja li kama la tenpo poka la, kulupu pi ma lawa li lawa e ma nena pi ma Watemala.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=717|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|[[kulupu Kise]]|Kʼicheʼ|toki Maja Kise}} li pali e ma lawa lili lon ma ni, taso, {{nimi ijo|ma lawa Kasike|Kaqchikel|toki Kasikele}} li pakala e ona kepeken tenpo mute.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Restall, Matthew en Florine Asselbergs|kipisi=5|tan=Invading Guatemala: Spanish, Nahua, and Maya accounts of the Conquest Wars|kulupu toki=Latin American Originals|ijo pana=Pennsylvania State University Press|tenpo=2007|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> === kulupu Epanja li kama === [[sitelen:Lienzo de Tlaxcala Iximche.gif|thumb|lipu ni li sitelen e utala lon ma Isinse.|alt=lipu ni li sitelen e utala lon ma Isinse.]] tenpo sike nanpa 1511 la, tomo tawa telo li tan ma Epanja li pakala lon telo Kalipi, la jan awen ona li tawa ma Jukatan. jan lawa Maja li jo e ona, li moli e ona, taso jan tu li tawa weka. tenpo sike nanpa 1517 tawa tenpo sike nanpa 1519 la, jan Epanja li tawa ma Jukatan, li lukin e ona, lon tenpo tu wan. ni la, ona li utala mute e kulupu Maja.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=759-760|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> [[ma tomo Mesiko-Tenosilan|ma Mesiko-Tenosilan]] li anpa lon tenpo sike nanpa 1521 la, [[jan Enan Kote]] li pana e {{nimi ijo|jan Peto Apalato|Pedro de Alvarado|toki Epanja}} e jan utala, tawa ma Watemala. ona li kama lon ma Sijapa lon tenpo sike nanpa 1523,<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=763|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> li anpa e ma tomo Kunkalaka lon tenpo sike nanpa 1524.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=764-765|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo kama ni la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Isinse|Iximcheʼ|toki Maja}} pi kulupu Kise li jo pona e kulupu Epanja.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Schele, Linda en Peter Mathews|kipisi=297|linja=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind|tan=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs|ijo pana=Simon & Schuster|tenpo=1999}}</ref> ike la, jan Epanja li wile e [[kiwen mani jelo|kiwen mani]] tan jan pi ma tomo, la jan li weka e ma tomo.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Schele, Linda en Peter Mathews|kipisi=298|linja=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind|tan=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs|ijo pana=Simon & Schuster|tenpo=1999}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Sakuleju|Zaculeu|toki Maja Man}} li anpa kin lon tenpo sike nanpa 1525.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Recinos, Adrián|toki tan=toki Epanja|kipisi=110|tan=Pedro de Alvarado: Conquistador de México y Guatemala|nimi pi kulupu tan kepeken toki tan=CENALTEX Centro Nacional de Libros de Texto y Material Didáctico 'José de Pineda Ibarra'|tenpo=1986}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|jan Pansiko Monteko|Francisco de Montejo|toki Epanja}} en {{nimi ijo|jan Pansiko Monteko lili|Francisco de Montejo "El Mozo"|toki Epanja}} li tawa li utala e ma lawa lon ma Jukatan lon tenpo sike nanpa 1527, li lanpan e ma Jukatan ale lon tenpo sike nanpa 1546.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=766-772|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ni la, ma tomo Maja li lon ma anpa Peten taso.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=772-773|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 1697 la, {{nimi ijo|jan Masin Usuja|Martín de Ursúa|toki Epanja}} li anpa e {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Nopeten|Nojpetén|toki Maja Isa}}. ma tomo ni li ma tomo Maja nanpa pini.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Grant D. Jones|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=19|linja=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeOWl54Mt7UC&pg=RA2-PT82|tan=The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=1998|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> == nasin nanpa == [[sitelen:Maya.svg|alt=nanpa ale pi nasin nanpa Maja.|thumb|nanpa ale pi nasin nanpa Maja.]] kulupu Maja li pali e nasin nanpa. ona li [[nasin nanpa poki]] la, ona li kepeken [[sike nanpa]] pi nanpa 20. ni la, wan lon poki nanpa wan li wan, taso, wan lon poki nanpa tu li mute, kin, wan lon poki nanpa tu wan li {{o nnp|400}}. poki li lon sewi pi poki ante, la poki sewi li jo e nanpa suli. nasin ni li kepeken sitelen tu wan. kiwen pi pipi telo li ala nanpa. sike li wan nanpa. linja li luka nanpa. nanpa {{o nnp|33|nnp ala=1}} li ni lon nasin Maja: sike wan li lon poki sewi. linja tu en sike tu wan li lon poki anpa. == tan sona == <references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Maja pi tenpo pini, kulupu}} [[kulupu:kulupu jan pi tenpo pini]] dgberi09pu36fc52fdfx2sofvjfhs30 65483 65479 2026-05-20T07:20:58Z Benscat 3375 mi pana e poki kipisi 65483 wikitext text/x-wiki [[sitelen:Mayamap.png|alt=sitelen ma pi ma Maja|thumb|ma pi kulupu Maja lon tenpo pini]] '''kulupu Maja pi tenpo pini''' li kulupu jan, li [[kulupu tomo]] lon [[ma Mesomelika]]. ona li suli tan ni: ona li kama [[sona mun]], e nanpa nasin ona, e [[sitelen kiwen]], e nasin tomo, e ma tomo suli, e kulupu linja esun, e nasin lawa suli. kin, ona li pali e [[sitelen toki]] ona. nasin pi sitelen toki ni li suli nanpa wan tan [[ma Amelika]] pi tenpo pini. [[ma Mesiko]] la, ona li lon [[ma palisa Jukatan]], lon [[ma Sijapa]], lon [[ma Tapako]]. kin, ona li lon [[ma Katemala|ma Watemala]], lon [[ma Peli]], lon [[ma Ontula]], lon [[ma Sawato]].<ref name=":0">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Nicolai Grube|linja=http://archive.org/details/los-mayas.-una-civilizacion-milenaria.|tan=Los Mayas. Una Civilizacion Milenaria.|tenpo lukin=2026-04-09}}</ref> tenpo lon la, [[kulupu Maja]] li awen lon ma pi jan mama ona, li kepeken toki tan toki mama ona. ona li kama lon la, ona li pali e kasi li moku e kili e pan. ona li open pali e ma tomo lon poka pi tenpo sike 900 BCE la, tenpo sike nanpa 500 BCE la ma tomo ni li jo e tomo sewi suli. sitelen toki li kama lon poka p tenpo sike nanpa 300 BCE. tenpo insa li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 250 BCE la, jan li sitelen e tenpo nanpa lon sinpin kepeken {{lipu li ala|nasin tenpo pi nanpa suli|Q767358}}. ma tomo li esun mute. ma tomo Muta en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kalakamulu|Kaꞌaláakꞌmúul|toki Maja}} li utala mute. kipisi tenpo pini la, {{nimi ijo|ma Ukijana|Uuc Yabnal|toki Maja majuna}} en {{nimi ijo|ma Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}} li kama suli. tenpo pi sike ale nanpa 16 la, [[ma Epanja|kulupu Epanja]] li lanpan e ma Maja. == tenpo == === tenpo open === [[sitelen:Museo Miraflores 104.jpg|alt=sitelen kiwen pi ma El Milato.|thumb|sitelen kiwen pi ma El Milato.]] 1000 BCE en 800 BCE la, kulupu Maja li pali e {{nimi ijo|ma tomo lili Awata Peni|Aguada Fénix|toki Epanja}} lon [[ma Tapako]], lon tenpo insa.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bruce Bower|toki tan=toki Inli|linja=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/lidar-reveals-oldest-biggest-ancient-maya-structure-found-mexico|tan=Lidar reveals the oldest and biggest Maya structure yet found|ijo pana=Science News|tenpo=2020-06-03|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> ken la, ni li ma tomo majuna nanpa wan pi kulupu Maja, la ona li open awen lon ma wan taso.<ref>{{tan sona|toki tan=toki Epanja|linja=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-52915213|tan=Aguada Fénix: cómo se descubrió en México la construcción monumental maya más antigua y más grande jamás encontrada|ijo pana=BBC News Mundo|tenpo=2020-06-05|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> ma supa anpa pi [[ma palisa Jukatan|ma Jukatan]] la, tomo ante li kama lon [[ma Sijapa]] lon poka pi [[telo suli Pasipi|telo Pasipi]], lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 800 BCE, la jan li open pali e ma kili, e ijo pi [[ko kiwen]].<ref name=":1">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=26|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|tan=The Maya|kipisi=47|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> jan lawa Maja li pali e sinpin kiwen sitelen nanpa wan lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 400 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25|kipisi=182 en 197}}</ref> ona li pali e sitelen toki lon tenpo sike nanpa 300 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=William A. Saturno, David Stuart, Boris Beltrán|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=1281–1283|linja=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1121745|tan=Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala|nanpa=311|kulupu toki=Science|tenpo=2006-03-03|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> tenpo poka la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo El Milato|El Mirador|toki Epanja}} li kama suli mute.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=28|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> kin, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Jamuta|Yax Mutal|toki Maja majuna|na=|2b=|3b=}} li kama suli lon tenpo sike nanpa 350 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=25-26|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> ma nena la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kaminakuju|Kaminaljuyu|toki Maja Kise|3b=}},<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael Love|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=293 en #297|linja=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10814-007-9014-y|tan=Recent Research in the Southern Highlands and Pacific Coast of Mesoamerica|nanpa=15|kulupu toki=Journal of Archaeological Research|tenpo=2007-09-27|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Takali Apa|Takalik Abaj|toki Maja Kise}}, en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Sokola|Chocolá|}} li lon [[ma Katemala|ma Watemala]] li kama suli kin.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=236|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 100 CE la, tenpo pi nasin pona ni li pakala, la jan mute li weka e ma tomo mute. jan sona li sona ala e tan ona.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=8|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> === tenpo insa === [[sitelen:Tikal temple jaguar.jpg|alt=ma Jamuta|thumb|ma Jamuta li wawa lawa.]] tenpo insa la, ma anpa la, kulupu jan li pali e sitelen tenpo kepeken nasin tenpo pi nanpa suli.<ref name=":2">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|kipisi=81|tan=The Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> tenpo ni la, jan li pali e tomo suli, e ma tomo suli, e sitelen kiwen suli. mute la, ni li lon ma anpa tawa nasin pi waso lete.<ref name=":2" /> pilin jan la, nasin lawa lon tenpo ni li sama nasin lawa pi [[ma Elina]] majuna, anu nasin lawa pi [[ma Italija]] lon tenpo sike nanpa 1500.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=21|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo open pi tenpo insa la, kulupu jan pi [[ma tomo Tejosiwakan]] li kama li ante e ma tomo Maja.<ref name=":3">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=9|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 378 la, ona li kama lon ma tomo Muta, lon ma tomo ante, li pana e jan lawa sin tawa ona.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Demarest, Arthur|kipisi=218|tan=Ancient Maya: the rise and fall of a rainforest civilization|nanpa=8. print|kulupu toki=Case studies in early societies|ijo pana=Cambridge University Press|tenpo=2011|tenpo lukin=}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Francisco Estrada Belli|kipisi=123-126|tan=The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period|ijo pana=Routledge|tenpo=2011|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Sija Ka|Siyaj Kʼakʼ|toki Maja|kama tan seli}} li lawa e kama ni. {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Saka To Isaka nanpa wan|Chak Tok Ich'aak I|toki Maja}} li moli lon tenpo sama la, ken la utala li lon.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=322|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=29|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo sike kama la, jan Sija Ka li pana e jan lawa sin. ni li {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Ja Nun Akin nanpa wan|Yax Nuun Ahiin I|toki Maja majuna}}. ni la, ma Muta li kama suli, li kama wawa lon ma poka.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=324|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma tomo Muta en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kalakamulu|Kaꞌaláakꞌmúul|toki Maja}} li utala mute. tu li pali e linja esun e linja lawa tawa ma tomo ante, li lawa e ma tomo lili mute. ni la, ma lawa tu ni li utala kepeken ma tomo lili ona. tenpo mute la, ma wan li anpa e ma ante, anu, ma ante li anpa e ma wan.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Lynn V. Foster|kipisi=133|tan=The Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World|kulupu toki=|ijo pana=Oxford University Press|tenpo=2002}}</ref> tawa nasin insa pi waso lete pi open suno la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Owisiki|Oxwitik|toki Maja majuna}} li suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=36|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 426 la, jan lawa ona li toki li esun pona tawa ma Tejosiwakan, tawa ma lawa pi {{lipu li ala|ma lupa Peten|Q2164403}}.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=192-193|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=342|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo pona ona nanpa wan li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 695, li pini lon tenpo sike 738.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=200 en #203|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> ma tomo ante suli li {{nimi ijo|ma Paka|Bàak|toki Maja}}, li {{nimi ijo|ma Jokipi|Yo’ki’b|toki Maja majuna}}, li {{nimi ijo|Ko San|Joy Chan|toki Maja majuna}}, li {{nimi ijo|ma Pakulu|B'aaku'l'|toki Maja majuna}}.<gallery mode="packed" heights="140" widths="140"> sitelen:CPN WEST COURT 01.jpg|ma Owisiki sitelen:Calakmul Structure 2.jpg|ma Kalakamulu sitelen:Mexico-3101B (4291194937).jpg|ma Ko San sitelen:Palenque 16.jpg|ma Paka </gallery>[[sitelen:Chichen Itza '2010 07.jpg|alt=ma Sisen Isa|thumb|ma Ukijana anu ma Sisen Isa.|left]] ==== pakala pi tenpo insa ==== poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 300 la, kulupu tomo Maja li kama pakala. jan li weka e ma tomo ona. jan lawa li moli. wawa li tawa nasin pi soweli lete.<ref name=":3" /> jan li sona wawa ala e tan pi pakala ni, la ken la, ona li tan ijo mute. pilin pi jan sona la, ijo ni li utala insa, li jan pi mute suli ike, li moli kasi, li telo lili.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|kipisi=151-#155|tan=The Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> ma tomo li pini sitelen e tenpo. sitelen pi nasin tenpo suli nanpa pini li lon {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Popo|Popo'|toki Maja majuna}} lon tenpo sike nanpa 909. jan li pali ala e sinpin sitelen, li kama lon tomo lawa pi jan ala. nasin linja esun li ante, li weka e ma anpa Peten.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Lynn V. Foster|kipisi=60|tan=The Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World|kulupu toki=|ijo pana=Oxford University Press|tenpo=2002}}</ref> taso, tenpo sama la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Osoma|Óoxmáal|toki Maja}} en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Ukijana|Uuc Yabnal|toki Maja majuna}} li suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=9 en #203|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> === tenpo pini === [[sitelen:Mayapan chac.JPG|alt=sitelen kiwen lon ma Majapan.|thumb|ma Majapan li suli.]] kulupu Maja li awen. taso, tenpo insa la, ona li suli lili. ona li weka e ma tomo ona la, ona li kama lon poka pi telo awen.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=613 en #616|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma tomo Ukijana en ma tomo pi {{nimi ijo|ma Puku|Puuc|toki Maja}} li kama wawa lili lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1000. ma tomo suli sin li kama lon tenpo sike nanpa 1100, li {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Majapan|Máayapaan|toki Maja}}. ma lawa sin li kama lon poka pi [[telo suli Kalipi|telo Kalipi]], lon poka pi [[telo suli Mesiko|telo Mesiko]], li pali e nasin esun sin.<ref name=":6">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Marilyn A. Masson|kipisi=18238|linja=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3494883/|tan=Maya Collapse Cycles|nanpa=109|kulupu toki=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|tenpo=2012-11-06|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> ijo mute li ante lon tenpo pini.<ref name=":5">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Arroyo, Bárbara|kipisi=38–43|tan=El Poslclásico Tardío en los Altos de Guatemala|nanpa=9|kulupu toki=Arqueología Mexicana Edición Especial|tenpo=2001-08}}</ref> jan li lon ma tomo suli Kaminakuju lon tenpo sike mute ale, taso jan li weka e ona.<ref name=":4">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=618|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma nena en ma lon poka pi telo Pasipi la, jan li pali e tomo lon ma pi awen pona, li pali e sinipin awen, e lupa awen.<ref name=":4"/> ma nena lon ma Watemala la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}} li ma tomo lawa pi {{nimi ijo|ma lawa Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}}, li suli mute.<ref name=":5"/> nasin lawa, en nasin kulupu, en nasin kon li ike la, jan li weka e ma Majapan lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1448. ni la, tenpo utala en tenpo pi jaki sijelo en tenpo pi pakala kon li lon tenpo kama. tenpo ike ni li pini taso lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1511.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Marilyn A. Masson en Carlos Peraza Lope|linja=https://books.google.com/books?id=580dBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT805|tan=Militarism, Misery and Collapse|kulupu toki=[https://books.google.com/books?id=580dBQAAQBAJ Kukulcan's Realm: Urban Life at Ancient Mayapán]|ijo pana=University Press of Colorado|tenpo=2014|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> taso, ma tomo lawa suli li lon ala la, [[ma Epanja|kulupu Epanja]] li lukin kin e ma tomo pi mani mute, e tomo esun pona pi mani mute lon tenpo pi kama ona.<ref name=":6" /> kulupu Epanja li kama la tenpo poka la, kulupu pi ma lawa li lawa e ma nena pi ma Watemala.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=717|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|[[kulupu Kise]]|Kʼicheʼ|toki Maja Kise}} li pali e ma lawa lili lon ma ni, taso, {{nimi ijo|ma lawa Kasike|Kaqchikel|toki Kasikele}} li pakala e ona kepeken tenpo mute.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Restall, Matthew en Florine Asselbergs|kipisi=5|tan=Invading Guatemala: Spanish, Nahua, and Maya accounts of the Conquest Wars|kulupu toki=Latin American Originals|ijo pana=Pennsylvania State University Press|tenpo=2007|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> === kulupu Epanja li kama === [[sitelen:Lienzo de Tlaxcala Iximche.gif|thumb|lipu ni li sitelen e utala lon ma Isinse.|alt=lipu ni li sitelen e utala lon ma Isinse.]] tenpo sike nanpa 1511 la, tomo tawa telo li tan ma Epanja li pakala lon telo Kalipi, la jan awen ona li tawa ma Jukatan. jan lawa Maja li jo e ona, li moli e ona, taso jan tu li tawa weka. tenpo sike nanpa 1517 tawa tenpo sike nanpa 1519 la, jan Epanja li tawa ma Jukatan, li lukin e ona, lon tenpo tu wan. ni la, ona li utala mute e kulupu Maja.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=759-760|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> [[ma tomo Mesiko-Tenosilan|ma Mesiko-Tenosilan]] li anpa lon tenpo sike nanpa 1521 la, [[jan Enan Kote]] li pana e {{nimi ijo|jan Peto Apalato|Pedro de Alvarado|toki Epanja}} e jan utala, tawa ma Watemala. ona li kama lon ma Sijapa lon tenpo sike nanpa 1523,<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=763|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> li anpa e ma tomo Kunkalaka lon tenpo sike nanpa 1524.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=764-765|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo kama ni la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Isinse|Iximcheʼ|toki Maja}} pi kulupu Kise li jo pona e kulupu Epanja.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Schele, Linda en Peter Mathews|kipisi=297|linja=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind|tan=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs|ijo pana=Simon & Schuster|tenpo=1999}}</ref> ike la, jan Epanja li wile e [[kiwen mani jelo|kiwen mani]] tan jan pi ma tomo, la jan li weka e ma tomo.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Schele, Linda en Peter Mathews|kipisi=298|linja=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind|tan=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs|ijo pana=Simon & Schuster|tenpo=1999}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Sakuleju|Zaculeu|toki Maja Man}} li anpa kin lon tenpo sike nanpa 1525.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Recinos, Adrián|toki tan=toki Epanja|kipisi=110|tan=Pedro de Alvarado: Conquistador de México y Guatemala|nimi pi kulupu tan kepeken toki tan=CENALTEX Centro Nacional de Libros de Texto y Material Didáctico 'José de Pineda Ibarra'|tenpo=1986}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|jan Pansiko Monteko|Francisco de Montejo|toki Epanja}} en {{nimi ijo|jan Pansiko Monteko lili|Francisco de Montejo "El Mozo"|toki Epanja}} li tawa li utala e ma lawa lon ma Jukatan lon tenpo sike nanpa 1527, li lanpan e ma Jukatan ale lon tenpo sike nanpa 1546.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=766-772|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ni la, ma tomo Maja li lon ma anpa Peten taso.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=772-773|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 1697 la, {{nimi ijo|jan Masin Usuja|Martín de Ursúa|toki Epanja}} li anpa e {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Nopeten|Nojpetén|toki Maja Isa}}. ma tomo ni li ma tomo Maja nanpa pini.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Grant D. Jones|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=19|linja=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeOWl54Mt7UC&pg=RA2-PT82|tan=The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=1998|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> == nasin nanpa == [[sitelen:Maya.svg|alt=nanpa ale pi nasin nanpa Maja.|thumb|nanpa ale pi nasin nanpa Maja.]] kulupu Maja li pali e nasin nanpa. ona li [[nasin nanpa poki]] la, ona li kepeken [[sike nanpa]] pi nanpa 20. ni la, wan lon poki nanpa wan li wan, taso, wan lon poki nanpa tu li mute, kin, wan lon poki nanpa tu wan li {{o nnp|400}}. poki li lon sewi pi poki ante, la poki sewi li jo e nanpa suli. nasin ni li kepeken sitelen tu wan. kiwen pi pipi telo li ala nanpa. sike li wan nanpa. linja li luka nanpa. nanpa {{o nnp|33|nnp ala=1}} li ni lon nasin Maja: sike wan li lon poki sewi. linja tu en sike tu wan li lon poki anpa. {| class="wikitable skin-invert-image"; style="text-align:center; !400 | |{{nanpa supa Maja|1}} | {{nanpa supa Maja|12}}|- !20 |{{nanpa supa Maja|1}} | {{nanpa supa Maja|1}} | {{nanpa supa Maja|16}}|- !1 |{{nanpa supa Maja|13}} | {{nanpa supa Maja|9}} | {{nanpa supa Maja|5}}|- !ale li: |33 |429 |5125 |} == tan sona == <references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Maja pi tenpo pini, kulupu}} [[kulupu:kulupu jan pi tenpo pini]] p9fyfdzetfhbacb5cc8r52ak8wqzhnh 65484 65483 2026-05-20T07:22:35Z Benscat 3375 mi wile pona e poki 65484 wikitext text/x-wiki [[sitelen:Mayamap.png|alt=sitelen ma pi ma Maja|thumb|ma pi kulupu Maja lon tenpo pini]] '''kulupu Maja pi tenpo pini''' li kulupu jan, li [[kulupu tomo]] lon [[ma Mesomelika]]. ona li suli tan ni: ona li kama [[sona mun]], e nanpa nasin ona, e [[sitelen kiwen]], e nasin tomo, e ma tomo suli, e kulupu linja esun, e nasin lawa suli. kin, ona li pali e [[sitelen toki]] ona. nasin pi sitelen toki ni li suli nanpa wan tan [[ma Amelika]] pi tenpo pini. [[ma Mesiko]] la, ona li lon [[ma palisa Jukatan]], lon [[ma Sijapa]], lon [[ma Tapako]]. kin, ona li lon [[ma Katemala|ma Watemala]], lon [[ma Peli]], lon [[ma Ontula]], lon [[ma Sawato]].<ref name=":0">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Nicolai Grube|linja=http://archive.org/details/los-mayas.-una-civilizacion-milenaria.|tan=Los Mayas. Una Civilizacion Milenaria.|tenpo lukin=2026-04-09}}</ref> tenpo lon la, [[kulupu Maja]] li awen lon ma pi jan mama ona, li kepeken toki tan toki mama ona. ona li kama lon la, ona li pali e kasi li moku e kili e pan. ona li open pali e ma tomo lon poka pi tenpo sike 900 BCE la, tenpo sike nanpa 500 BCE la ma tomo ni li jo e tomo sewi suli. sitelen toki li kama lon poka p tenpo sike nanpa 300 BCE. tenpo insa li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 250 BCE la, jan li sitelen e tenpo nanpa lon sinpin kepeken {{lipu li ala|nasin tenpo pi nanpa suli|Q767358}}. ma tomo li esun mute. ma tomo Muta en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kalakamulu|Kaꞌaláakꞌmúul|toki Maja}} li utala mute. kipisi tenpo pini la, {{nimi ijo|ma Ukijana|Uuc Yabnal|toki Maja majuna}} en {{nimi ijo|ma Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}} li kama suli. tenpo pi sike ale nanpa 16 la, [[ma Epanja|kulupu Epanja]] li lanpan e ma Maja. == tenpo == === tenpo open === [[sitelen:Museo Miraflores 104.jpg|alt=sitelen kiwen pi ma El Milato.|thumb|sitelen kiwen pi ma El Milato.]] 1000 BCE en 800 BCE la, kulupu Maja li pali e {{nimi ijo|ma tomo lili Awata Peni|Aguada Fénix|toki Epanja}} lon [[ma Tapako]], lon tenpo insa.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bruce Bower|toki tan=toki Inli|linja=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/lidar-reveals-oldest-biggest-ancient-maya-structure-found-mexico|tan=Lidar reveals the oldest and biggest Maya structure yet found|ijo pana=Science News|tenpo=2020-06-03|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> ken la, ni li ma tomo majuna nanpa wan pi kulupu Maja, la ona li open awen lon ma wan taso.<ref>{{tan sona|toki tan=toki Epanja|linja=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-52915213|tan=Aguada Fénix: cómo se descubrió en México la construcción monumental maya más antigua y más grande jamás encontrada|ijo pana=BBC News Mundo|tenpo=2020-06-05|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> ma supa anpa pi [[ma palisa Jukatan|ma Jukatan]] la, tomo ante li kama lon [[ma Sijapa]] lon poka pi [[telo suli Pasipi|telo Pasipi]], lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 800 BCE, la jan li open pali e ma kili, e ijo pi [[ko kiwen]].<ref name=":1">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=26|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|tan=The Maya|kipisi=47|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> jan lawa Maja li pali e sinpin kiwen sitelen nanpa wan lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 400 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25|kipisi=182 en 197}}</ref> ona li pali e sitelen toki lon tenpo sike nanpa 300 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=William A. Saturno, David Stuart, Boris Beltrán|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=1281–1283|linja=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1121745|tan=Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala|nanpa=311|kulupu toki=Science|tenpo=2006-03-03|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> tenpo poka la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo El Milato|El Mirador|toki Epanja}} li kama suli mute.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=28|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> kin, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Jamuta|Yax Mutal|toki Maja majuna|na=|2b=|3b=}} li kama suli lon tenpo sike nanpa 350 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=25-26|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> ma nena la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kaminakuju|Kaminaljuyu|toki Maja Kise|3b=}},<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael Love|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=293 en #297|linja=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10814-007-9014-y|tan=Recent Research in the Southern Highlands and Pacific Coast of Mesoamerica|nanpa=15|kulupu toki=Journal of Archaeological Research|tenpo=2007-09-27|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Takali Apa|Takalik Abaj|toki Maja Kise}}, en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Sokola|Chocolá|}} li lon [[ma Katemala|ma Watemala]] li kama suli kin.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=236|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 100 CE la, tenpo pi nasin pona ni li pakala, la jan mute li weka e ma tomo mute. jan sona li sona ala e tan ona.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=8|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> === tenpo insa === [[sitelen:Tikal temple jaguar.jpg|alt=ma Jamuta|thumb|ma Jamuta li wawa lawa.]] tenpo insa la, ma anpa la, kulupu jan li pali e sitelen tenpo kepeken nasin tenpo pi nanpa suli.<ref name=":2">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|kipisi=81|tan=The Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> tenpo ni la, jan li pali e tomo suli, e ma tomo suli, e sitelen kiwen suli. mute la, ni li lon ma anpa tawa nasin pi waso lete.<ref name=":2" /> pilin jan la, nasin lawa lon tenpo ni li sama nasin lawa pi [[ma Elina]] majuna, anu nasin lawa pi [[ma Italija]] lon tenpo sike nanpa 1500.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=21|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo open pi tenpo insa la, kulupu jan pi [[ma tomo Tejosiwakan]] li kama li ante e ma tomo Maja.<ref name=":3">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=9|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 378 la, ona li kama lon ma tomo Muta, lon ma tomo ante, li pana e jan lawa sin tawa ona.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Demarest, Arthur|kipisi=218|tan=Ancient Maya: the rise and fall of a rainforest civilization|nanpa=8. print|kulupu toki=Case studies in early societies|ijo pana=Cambridge University Press|tenpo=2011|tenpo lukin=}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Francisco Estrada Belli|kipisi=123-126|tan=The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period|ijo pana=Routledge|tenpo=2011|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Sija Ka|Siyaj Kʼakʼ|toki Maja|kama tan seli}} li lawa e kama ni. {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Saka To Isaka nanpa wan|Chak Tok Ich'aak I|toki Maja}} li moli lon tenpo sama la, ken la utala li lon.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=322|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=29|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo sike kama la, jan Sija Ka li pana e jan lawa sin. ni li {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Ja Nun Akin nanpa wan|Yax Nuun Ahiin I|toki Maja majuna}}. ni la, ma Muta li kama suli, li kama wawa lon ma poka.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=324|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma tomo Muta en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kalakamulu|Kaꞌaláakꞌmúul|toki Maja}} li utala mute. tu li pali e linja esun e linja lawa tawa ma tomo ante, li lawa e ma tomo lili mute. ni la, ma lawa tu ni li utala kepeken ma tomo lili ona. tenpo mute la, ma wan li anpa e ma ante, anu, ma ante li anpa e ma wan.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Lynn V. Foster|kipisi=133|tan=The Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World|kulupu toki=|ijo pana=Oxford University Press|tenpo=2002}}</ref> tawa nasin insa pi waso lete pi open suno la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Owisiki|Oxwitik|toki Maja majuna}} li suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=36|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 426 la, jan lawa ona li toki li esun pona tawa ma Tejosiwakan, tawa ma lawa pi {{lipu li ala|ma lupa Peten|Q2164403}}.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=192-193|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=342|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo pona ona nanpa wan li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 695, li pini lon tenpo sike 738.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=200 en #203|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> ma tomo ante suli li {{nimi ijo|ma Paka|Bàak|toki Maja}}, li {{nimi ijo|ma Jokipi|Yo’ki’b|toki Maja majuna}}, li {{nimi ijo|Ko San|Joy Chan|toki Maja majuna}}, li {{nimi ijo|ma Pakulu|B'aaku'l'|toki Maja majuna}}.<gallery mode="packed" heights="140" widths="140"> sitelen:CPN WEST COURT 01.jpg|ma Owisiki sitelen:Calakmul Structure 2.jpg|ma Kalakamulu sitelen:Mexico-3101B (4291194937).jpg|ma Ko San sitelen:Palenque 16.jpg|ma Paka </gallery>[[sitelen:Chichen Itza '2010 07.jpg|alt=ma Sisen Isa|thumb|ma Ukijana anu ma Sisen Isa.|left]] ==== pakala pi tenpo insa ==== poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 300 la, kulupu tomo Maja li kama pakala. jan li weka e ma tomo ona. jan lawa li moli. wawa li tawa nasin pi soweli lete.<ref name=":3" /> jan li sona wawa ala e tan pi pakala ni, la ken la, ona li tan ijo mute. pilin pi jan sona la, ijo ni li utala insa, li jan pi mute suli ike, li moli kasi, li telo lili.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|kipisi=151-#155|tan=The Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> ma tomo li pini sitelen e tenpo. sitelen pi nasin tenpo suli nanpa pini li lon {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Popo|Popo'|toki Maja majuna}} lon tenpo sike nanpa 909. jan li pali ala e sinpin sitelen, li kama lon tomo lawa pi jan ala. nasin linja esun li ante, li weka e ma anpa Peten.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Lynn V. Foster|kipisi=60|tan=The Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World|kulupu toki=|ijo pana=Oxford University Press|tenpo=2002}}</ref> taso, tenpo sama la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Osoma|Óoxmáal|toki Maja}} en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Ukijana|Uuc Yabnal|toki Maja majuna}} li suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=9 en #203|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> === tenpo pini === [[sitelen:Mayapan chac.JPG|alt=sitelen kiwen lon ma Majapan.|thumb|ma Majapan li suli.]] kulupu Maja li awen. taso, tenpo insa la, ona li suli lili. ona li weka e ma tomo ona la, ona li kama lon poka pi telo awen.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=613 en #616|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma tomo Ukijana en ma tomo pi {{nimi ijo|ma Puku|Puuc|toki Maja}} li kama wawa lili lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1000. ma tomo suli sin li kama lon tenpo sike nanpa 1100, li {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Majapan|Máayapaan|toki Maja}}. ma lawa sin li kama lon poka pi [[telo suli Kalipi|telo Kalipi]], lon poka pi [[telo suli Mesiko|telo Mesiko]], li pali e nasin esun sin.<ref name=":6">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Marilyn A. Masson|kipisi=18238|linja=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3494883/|tan=Maya Collapse Cycles|nanpa=109|kulupu toki=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|tenpo=2012-11-06|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> ijo mute li ante lon tenpo pini.<ref name=":5">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Arroyo, Bárbara|kipisi=38–43|tan=El Poslclásico Tardío en los Altos de Guatemala|nanpa=9|kulupu toki=Arqueología Mexicana Edición Especial|tenpo=2001-08}}</ref> jan li lon ma tomo suli Kaminakuju lon tenpo sike mute ale, taso jan li weka e ona.<ref name=":4">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=618|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma nena en ma lon poka pi telo Pasipi la, jan li pali e tomo lon ma pi awen pona, li pali e sinipin awen, e lupa awen.<ref name=":4"/> ma nena lon ma Watemala la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}} li ma tomo lawa pi {{nimi ijo|ma lawa Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}}, li suli mute.<ref name=":5"/> nasin lawa, en nasin kulupu, en nasin kon li ike la, jan li weka e ma Majapan lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1448. ni la, tenpo utala en tenpo pi jaki sijelo en tenpo pi pakala kon li lon tenpo kama. tenpo ike ni li pini taso lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1511.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Marilyn A. Masson en Carlos Peraza Lope|linja=https://books.google.com/books?id=580dBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT805|tan=Militarism, Misery and Collapse|kulupu toki=[https://books.google.com/books?id=580dBQAAQBAJ Kukulcan's Realm: Urban Life at Ancient Mayapán]|ijo pana=University Press of Colorado|tenpo=2014|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> taso, ma tomo lawa suli li lon ala la, [[ma Epanja|kulupu Epanja]] li lukin kin e ma tomo pi mani mute, e tomo esun pona pi mani mute lon tenpo pi kama ona.<ref name=":6" /> kulupu Epanja li kama la tenpo poka la, kulupu pi ma lawa li lawa e ma nena pi ma Watemala.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=717|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|[[kulupu Kise]]|Kʼicheʼ|toki Maja Kise}} li pali e ma lawa lili lon ma ni, taso, {{nimi ijo|ma lawa Kasike|Kaqchikel|toki Kasikele}} li pakala e ona kepeken tenpo mute.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Restall, Matthew en Florine Asselbergs|kipisi=5|tan=Invading Guatemala: Spanish, Nahua, and Maya accounts of the Conquest Wars|kulupu toki=Latin American Originals|ijo pana=Pennsylvania State University Press|tenpo=2007|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> === kulupu Epanja li kama === [[sitelen:Lienzo de Tlaxcala Iximche.gif|thumb|lipu ni li sitelen e utala lon ma Isinse.|alt=lipu ni li sitelen e utala lon ma Isinse.]] tenpo sike nanpa 1511 la, tomo tawa telo li tan ma Epanja li pakala lon telo Kalipi, la jan awen ona li tawa ma Jukatan. jan lawa Maja li jo e ona, li moli e ona, taso jan tu li tawa weka. tenpo sike nanpa 1517 tawa tenpo sike nanpa 1519 la, jan Epanja li tawa ma Jukatan, li lukin e ona, lon tenpo tu wan. ni la, ona li utala mute e kulupu Maja.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=759-760|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> [[ma tomo Mesiko-Tenosilan|ma Mesiko-Tenosilan]] li anpa lon tenpo sike nanpa 1521 la, [[jan Enan Kote]] li pana e {{nimi ijo|jan Peto Apalato|Pedro de Alvarado|toki Epanja}} e jan utala, tawa ma Watemala. ona li kama lon ma Sijapa lon tenpo sike nanpa 1523,<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=763|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> li anpa e ma tomo Kunkalaka lon tenpo sike nanpa 1524.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=764-765|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo kama ni la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Isinse|Iximcheʼ|toki Maja}} pi kulupu Kise li jo pona e kulupu Epanja.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Schele, Linda en Peter Mathews|kipisi=297|linja=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind|tan=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs|ijo pana=Simon & Schuster|tenpo=1999}}</ref> ike la, jan Epanja li wile e [[kiwen mani jelo|kiwen mani]] tan jan pi ma tomo, la jan li weka e ma tomo.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Schele, Linda en Peter Mathews|kipisi=298|linja=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind|tan=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs|ijo pana=Simon & Schuster|tenpo=1999}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Sakuleju|Zaculeu|toki Maja Man}} li anpa kin lon tenpo sike nanpa 1525.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Recinos, Adrián|toki tan=toki Epanja|kipisi=110|tan=Pedro de Alvarado: Conquistador de México y Guatemala|nimi pi kulupu tan kepeken toki tan=CENALTEX Centro Nacional de Libros de Texto y Material Didáctico 'José de Pineda Ibarra'|tenpo=1986}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|jan Pansiko Monteko|Francisco de Montejo|toki Epanja}} en {{nimi ijo|jan Pansiko Monteko lili|Francisco de Montejo "El Mozo"|toki Epanja}} li tawa li utala e ma lawa lon ma Jukatan lon tenpo sike nanpa 1527, li lanpan e ma Jukatan ale lon tenpo sike nanpa 1546.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=766-772|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ni la, ma tomo Maja li lon ma anpa Peten taso.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=772-773|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 1697 la, {{nimi ijo|jan Masin Usuja|Martín de Ursúa|toki Epanja}} li anpa e {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Nopeten|Nojpetén|toki Maja Isa}}. ma tomo ni li ma tomo Maja nanpa pini.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Grant D. Jones|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=19|linja=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeOWl54Mt7UC&pg=RA2-PT82|tan=The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=1998|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> == nasin nanpa == [[sitelen:Maya.svg|alt=nanpa ale pi nasin nanpa Maja.|thumb|nanpa ale pi nasin nanpa Maja.]] kulupu Maja li pali e nasin nanpa. ona li [[nasin nanpa poki]] la, ona li kepeken [[sike nanpa]] pi nanpa 20. ni la, wan lon poki nanpa wan li wan, taso, wan lon poki nanpa tu li mute, kin, wan lon poki nanpa tu wan li {{o nnp|400}}. poki li lon sewi pi poki ante, la poki sewi li jo e nanpa suli. nasin ni li kepeken sitelen tu wan. kiwen pi pipi telo li ala nanpa. sike li wan nanpa. linja li luka nanpa. nanpa {{o nnp|33|nnp ala=1}} li ni lon nasin Maja: sike wan li lon poki sewi. linja tu en sike tu wan li lon poki anpa. {| class="wikitable skin-invert-image"; style="text-align:center; !400 | |{{nanpa supa Maja|1}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|12}} |- !20 |{{nanpa supa Maja|1}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|1}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|16}} |- !1 |{{nanpa supa Maja|13}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|9}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|5}} |- !ale li: |33 |429 |5125 |} == tan sona == <references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Maja pi tenpo pini, kulupu}} [[kulupu:kulupu jan pi tenpo pini]] 0fpsxymomrrd63huvvhp10681qi3a3q 65485 65484 2026-05-20T07:24:24Z Benscat 3375 mi tawa e poki tawa insa 65485 wikitext text/x-wiki [[sitelen:Mayamap.png|alt=sitelen ma pi ma Maja|thumb|ma pi kulupu Maja lon tenpo pini]] '''kulupu Maja pi tenpo pini''' li kulupu jan, li [[kulupu tomo]] lon [[ma Mesomelika]]. ona li suli tan ni: ona li kama [[sona mun]], e nanpa nasin ona, e [[sitelen kiwen]], e nasin tomo, e ma tomo suli, e kulupu linja esun, e nasin lawa suli. kin, ona li pali e [[sitelen toki]] ona. nasin pi sitelen toki ni li suli nanpa wan tan [[ma Amelika]] pi tenpo pini. [[ma Mesiko]] la, ona li lon [[ma palisa Jukatan]], lon [[ma Sijapa]], lon [[ma Tapako]]. kin, ona li lon [[ma Katemala|ma Watemala]], lon [[ma Peli]], lon [[ma Ontula]], lon [[ma Sawato]].<ref name=":0">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Nicolai Grube|linja=http://archive.org/details/los-mayas.-una-civilizacion-milenaria.|tan=Los Mayas. Una Civilizacion Milenaria.|tenpo lukin=2026-04-09}}</ref> tenpo lon la, [[kulupu Maja]] li awen lon ma pi jan mama ona, li kepeken toki tan toki mama ona. ona li kama lon la, ona li pali e kasi li moku e kili e pan. ona li open pali e ma tomo lon poka pi tenpo sike 900 BCE la, tenpo sike nanpa 500 BCE la ma tomo ni li jo e tomo sewi suli. sitelen toki li kama lon poka p tenpo sike nanpa 300 BCE. tenpo insa li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 250 BCE la, jan li sitelen e tenpo nanpa lon sinpin kepeken {{lipu li ala|nasin tenpo pi nanpa suli|Q767358}}. ma tomo li esun mute. ma tomo Muta en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kalakamulu|Kaꞌaláakꞌmúul|toki Maja}} li utala mute. kipisi tenpo pini la, {{nimi ijo|ma Ukijana|Uuc Yabnal|toki Maja majuna}} en {{nimi ijo|ma Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}} li kama suli. tenpo pi sike ale nanpa 16 la, [[ma Epanja|kulupu Epanja]] li lanpan e ma Maja. == tenpo == === tenpo open === [[sitelen:Museo Miraflores 104.jpg|alt=sitelen kiwen pi ma El Milato.|thumb|sitelen kiwen pi ma El Milato.]] 1000 BCE en 800 BCE la, kulupu Maja li pali e {{nimi ijo|ma tomo lili Awata Peni|Aguada Fénix|toki Epanja}} lon [[ma Tapako]], lon tenpo insa.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bruce Bower|toki tan=toki Inli|linja=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/lidar-reveals-oldest-biggest-ancient-maya-structure-found-mexico|tan=Lidar reveals the oldest and biggest Maya structure yet found|ijo pana=Science News|tenpo=2020-06-03|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> ken la, ni li ma tomo majuna nanpa wan pi kulupu Maja, la ona li open awen lon ma wan taso.<ref>{{tan sona|toki tan=toki Epanja|linja=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-52915213|tan=Aguada Fénix: cómo se descubrió en México la construcción monumental maya más antigua y más grande jamás encontrada|ijo pana=BBC News Mundo|tenpo=2020-06-05|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> ma supa anpa pi [[ma palisa Jukatan|ma Jukatan]] la, tomo ante li kama lon [[ma Sijapa]] lon poka pi [[telo suli Pasipi|telo Pasipi]], lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 800 BCE, la jan li open pali e ma kili, e ijo pi [[ko kiwen]].<ref name=":1">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=26|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|tan=The Maya|kipisi=47|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> jan lawa Maja li pali e sinpin kiwen sitelen nanpa wan lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 400 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25|kipisi=182 en 197}}</ref> ona li pali e sitelen toki lon tenpo sike nanpa 300 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=William A. Saturno, David Stuart, Boris Beltrán|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=1281–1283|linja=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1121745|tan=Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala|nanpa=311|kulupu toki=Science|tenpo=2006-03-03|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> tenpo poka la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo El Milato|El Mirador|toki Epanja}} li kama suli mute.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=28|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> kin, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Jamuta|Yax Mutal|toki Maja majuna|na=|2b=|3b=}} li kama suli lon tenpo sike nanpa 350 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=25-26|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> ma nena la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kaminakuju|Kaminaljuyu|toki Maja Kise|3b=}},<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael Love|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=293 en #297|linja=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10814-007-9014-y|tan=Recent Research in the Southern Highlands and Pacific Coast of Mesoamerica|nanpa=15|kulupu toki=Journal of Archaeological Research|tenpo=2007-09-27|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Takali Apa|Takalik Abaj|toki Maja Kise}}, en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Sokola|Chocolá|}} li lon [[ma Katemala|ma Watemala]] li kama suli kin.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=236|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 100 CE la, tenpo pi nasin pona ni li pakala, la jan mute li weka e ma tomo mute. jan sona li sona ala e tan ona.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=8|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> === tenpo insa === [[sitelen:Tikal temple jaguar.jpg|alt=ma Jamuta|thumb|ma Jamuta li wawa lawa.]] tenpo insa la, ma anpa la, kulupu jan li pali e sitelen tenpo kepeken nasin tenpo pi nanpa suli.<ref name=":2">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|kipisi=81|tan=The Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> tenpo ni la, jan li pali e tomo suli, e ma tomo suli, e sitelen kiwen suli. mute la, ni li lon ma anpa tawa nasin pi waso lete.<ref name=":2" /> pilin jan la, nasin lawa lon tenpo ni li sama nasin lawa pi [[ma Elina]] majuna, anu nasin lawa pi [[ma Italija]] lon tenpo sike nanpa 1500.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=21|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo open pi tenpo insa la, kulupu jan pi [[ma tomo Tejosiwakan]] li kama li ante e ma tomo Maja.<ref name=":3">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=9|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 378 la, ona li kama lon ma tomo Muta, lon ma tomo ante, li pana e jan lawa sin tawa ona.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Demarest, Arthur|kipisi=218|tan=Ancient Maya: the rise and fall of a rainforest civilization|nanpa=8. print|kulupu toki=Case studies in early societies|ijo pana=Cambridge University Press|tenpo=2011|tenpo lukin=}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Francisco Estrada Belli|kipisi=123-126|tan=The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period|ijo pana=Routledge|tenpo=2011|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Sija Ka|Siyaj Kʼakʼ|toki Maja|kama tan seli}} li lawa e kama ni. {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Saka To Isaka nanpa wan|Chak Tok Ich'aak I|toki Maja}} li moli lon tenpo sama la, ken la utala li lon.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=322|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=29|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo sike kama la, jan Sija Ka li pana e jan lawa sin. ni li {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Ja Nun Akin nanpa wan|Yax Nuun Ahiin I|toki Maja majuna}}. ni la, ma Muta li kama suli, li kama wawa lon ma poka.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=324|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma tomo Muta en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kalakamulu|Kaꞌaláakꞌmúul|toki Maja}} li utala mute. tu li pali e linja esun e linja lawa tawa ma tomo ante, li lawa e ma tomo lili mute. ni la, ma lawa tu ni li utala kepeken ma tomo lili ona. tenpo mute la, ma wan li anpa e ma ante, anu, ma ante li anpa e ma wan.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Lynn V. Foster|kipisi=133|tan=The Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World|kulupu toki=|ijo pana=Oxford University Press|tenpo=2002}}</ref> tawa nasin insa pi waso lete pi open suno la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Owisiki|Oxwitik|toki Maja majuna}} li suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=36|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 426 la, jan lawa ona li toki li esun pona tawa ma Tejosiwakan, tawa ma lawa pi {{lipu li ala|ma lupa Peten|Q2164403}}.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=192-193|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=342|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo pona ona nanpa wan li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 695, li pini lon tenpo sike 738.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=200 en #203|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> ma tomo ante suli li {{nimi ijo|ma Paka|Bàak|toki Maja}}, li {{nimi ijo|ma Jokipi|Yo’ki’b|toki Maja majuna}}, li {{nimi ijo|Ko San|Joy Chan|toki Maja majuna}}, li {{nimi ijo|ma Pakulu|B'aaku'l'|toki Maja majuna}}.<gallery mode="packed" heights="140" widths="140"> sitelen:CPN WEST COURT 01.jpg|ma Owisiki sitelen:Calakmul Structure 2.jpg|ma Kalakamulu sitelen:Mexico-3101B (4291194937).jpg|ma Ko San sitelen:Palenque 16.jpg|ma Paka </gallery>[[sitelen:Chichen Itza '2010 07.jpg|alt=ma Sisen Isa|thumb|ma Ukijana anu ma Sisen Isa.|left]] ==== pakala pi tenpo insa ==== poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 300 la, kulupu tomo Maja li kama pakala. jan li weka e ma tomo ona. jan lawa li moli. wawa li tawa nasin pi soweli lete.<ref name=":3" /> jan li sona wawa ala e tan pi pakala ni, la ken la, ona li tan ijo mute. pilin pi jan sona la, ijo ni li utala insa, li jan pi mute suli ike, li moli kasi, li telo lili.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|kipisi=151-#155|tan=The Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> ma tomo li pini sitelen e tenpo. sitelen pi nasin tenpo suli nanpa pini li lon {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Popo|Popo'|toki Maja majuna}} lon tenpo sike nanpa 909. jan li pali ala e sinpin sitelen, li kama lon tomo lawa pi jan ala. nasin linja esun li ante, li weka e ma anpa Peten.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Lynn V. Foster|kipisi=60|tan=The Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World|kulupu toki=|ijo pana=Oxford University Press|tenpo=2002}}</ref> taso, tenpo sama la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Osoma|Óoxmáal|toki Maja}} en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Ukijana|Uuc Yabnal|toki Maja majuna}} li suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=9 en #203|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> === tenpo pini === [[sitelen:Mayapan chac.JPG|alt=sitelen kiwen lon ma Majapan.|thumb|ma Majapan li suli.]] kulupu Maja li awen. taso, tenpo insa la, ona li suli lili. ona li weka e ma tomo ona la, ona li kama lon poka pi telo awen.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=613 en #616|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma tomo Ukijana en ma tomo pi {{nimi ijo|ma Puku|Puuc|toki Maja}} li kama wawa lili lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1000. ma tomo suli sin li kama lon tenpo sike nanpa 1100, li {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Majapan|Máayapaan|toki Maja}}. ma lawa sin li kama lon poka pi [[telo suli Kalipi|telo Kalipi]], lon poka pi [[telo suli Mesiko|telo Mesiko]], li pali e nasin esun sin.<ref name=":6">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Marilyn A. Masson|kipisi=18238|linja=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3494883/|tan=Maya Collapse Cycles|nanpa=109|kulupu toki=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|tenpo=2012-11-06|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> ijo mute li ante lon tenpo pini.<ref name=":5">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Arroyo, Bárbara|kipisi=38–43|tan=El Poslclásico Tardío en los Altos de Guatemala|nanpa=9|kulupu toki=Arqueología Mexicana Edición Especial|tenpo=2001-08}}</ref> jan li lon ma tomo suli Kaminakuju lon tenpo sike mute ale, taso jan li weka e ona.<ref name=":4">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=618|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma nena en ma lon poka pi telo Pasipi la, jan li pali e tomo lon ma pi awen pona, li pali e sinipin awen, e lupa awen.<ref name=":4"/> ma nena lon ma Watemala la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}} li ma tomo lawa pi {{nimi ijo|ma lawa Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}}, li suli mute.<ref name=":5"/> nasin lawa, en nasin kulupu, en nasin kon li ike la, jan li weka e ma Majapan lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1448. ni la, tenpo utala en tenpo pi jaki sijelo en tenpo pi pakala kon li lon tenpo kama. tenpo ike ni li pini taso lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1511.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Marilyn A. Masson en Carlos Peraza Lope|linja=https://books.google.com/books?id=580dBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT805|tan=Militarism, Misery and Collapse|kulupu toki=[https://books.google.com/books?id=580dBQAAQBAJ Kukulcan's Realm: Urban Life at Ancient Mayapán]|ijo pana=University Press of Colorado|tenpo=2014|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> taso, ma tomo lawa suli li lon ala la, [[ma Epanja|kulupu Epanja]] li lukin kin e ma tomo pi mani mute, e tomo esun pona pi mani mute lon tenpo pi kama ona.<ref name=":6" /> kulupu Epanja li kama la tenpo poka la, kulupu pi ma lawa li lawa e ma nena pi ma Watemala.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=717|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|[[kulupu Kise]]|Kʼicheʼ|toki Maja Kise}} li pali e ma lawa lili lon ma ni, taso, {{nimi ijo|ma lawa Kasike|Kaqchikel|toki Kasikele}} li pakala e ona kepeken tenpo mute.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Restall, Matthew en Florine Asselbergs|kipisi=5|tan=Invading Guatemala: Spanish, Nahua, and Maya accounts of the Conquest Wars|kulupu toki=Latin American Originals|ijo pana=Pennsylvania State University Press|tenpo=2007|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> === kulupu Epanja li kama === [[sitelen:Lienzo de Tlaxcala Iximche.gif|thumb|lipu ni li sitelen e utala lon ma Isinse.|alt=lipu ni li sitelen e utala lon ma Isinse.]] tenpo sike nanpa 1511 la, tomo tawa telo li tan ma Epanja li pakala lon telo Kalipi, la jan awen ona li tawa ma Jukatan. jan lawa Maja li jo e ona, li moli e ona, taso jan tu li tawa weka. tenpo sike nanpa 1517 tawa tenpo sike nanpa 1519 la, jan Epanja li tawa ma Jukatan, li lukin e ona, lon tenpo tu wan. ni la, ona li utala mute e kulupu Maja.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=759-760|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> [[ma tomo Mesiko-Tenosilan|ma Mesiko-Tenosilan]] li anpa lon tenpo sike nanpa 1521 la, [[jan Enan Kote]] li pana e {{nimi ijo|jan Peto Apalato|Pedro de Alvarado|toki Epanja}} e jan utala, tawa ma Watemala. ona li kama lon ma Sijapa lon tenpo sike nanpa 1523,<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=763|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> li anpa e ma tomo Kunkalaka lon tenpo sike nanpa 1524.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=764-765|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo kama ni la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Isinse|Iximcheʼ|toki Maja}} pi kulupu Kise li jo pona e kulupu Epanja.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Schele, Linda en Peter Mathews|kipisi=297|linja=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind|tan=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs|ijo pana=Simon & Schuster|tenpo=1999}}</ref> ike la, jan Epanja li wile e [[kiwen mani jelo|kiwen mani]] tan jan pi ma tomo, la jan li weka e ma tomo.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Schele, Linda en Peter Mathews|kipisi=298|linja=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind|tan=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs|ijo pana=Simon & Schuster|tenpo=1999}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Sakuleju|Zaculeu|toki Maja Man}} li anpa kin lon tenpo sike nanpa 1525.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Recinos, Adrián|toki tan=toki Epanja|kipisi=110|tan=Pedro de Alvarado: Conquistador de México y Guatemala|nimi pi kulupu tan kepeken toki tan=CENALTEX Centro Nacional de Libros de Texto y Material Didáctico 'José de Pineda Ibarra'|tenpo=1986}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|jan Pansiko Monteko|Francisco de Montejo|toki Epanja}} en {{nimi ijo|jan Pansiko Monteko lili|Francisco de Montejo "El Mozo"|toki Epanja}} li tawa li utala e ma lawa lon ma Jukatan lon tenpo sike nanpa 1527, li lanpan e ma Jukatan ale lon tenpo sike nanpa 1546.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=766-772|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ni la, ma tomo Maja li lon ma anpa Peten taso.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=772-773|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 1697 la, {{nimi ijo|jan Masin Usuja|Martín de Ursúa|toki Epanja}} li anpa e {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Nopeten|Nojpetén|toki Maja Isa}}. ma tomo ni li ma tomo Maja nanpa pini.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Grant D. Jones|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=19|linja=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeOWl54Mt7UC&pg=RA2-PT82|tan=The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=1998|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> == nasin nanpa == [[sitelen:Maya.svg|alt=nanpa ale pi nasin nanpa Maja.|thumb|nanpa ale pi nasin nanpa Maja.]] kulupu Maja li pali e nasin nanpa. ona li [[nasin nanpa poki]] la, ona li kepeken [[sike nanpa]] pi nanpa 20. ni la, wan lon poki nanpa wan li wan, taso, wan lon poki nanpa tu li mute, kin, wan lon poki nanpa tu wan li {{o nnp|400}}. poki li lon sewi pi poki ante, la poki sewi li jo e nanpa suli. nasin ni li kepeken sitelen tu wan. kiwen pi pipi telo li ala nanpa. sike li wan nanpa. linja li luka nanpa. nanpa {{o nnp|33|nnp ala=1}} li ni lon nasin Maja: sike wan li lon poki sewi. linja tu en sike tu wan li lon poki anpa. <center> {| class="wikitable skin-invert-image"; style="text-align:center; !400 | |{{nanpa supa Maja|1}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|12}} |- !20 |{{nanpa supa Maja|1}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|1}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|16}} |- !1 |{{nanpa supa Maja|13}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|9}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|5}} |- !ale li: |33 |429 |5125 |}</center> == tan sona == <references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Maja pi tenpo pini, kulupu}} [[kulupu:kulupu jan pi tenpo pini]] or1mhxvle5w6qx7yqoin8us3eg2n8bx 65486 65485 2026-05-20T07:26:12Z Benscat 3375 65486 wikitext text/x-wiki [[sitelen:Mayamap.png|alt=sitelen ma pi ma Maja|thumb|ma pi kulupu Maja lon tenpo pini]] '''kulupu Maja pi tenpo pini''' li kulupu jan, li [[kulupu tomo]] lon [[ma Mesomelika]]. ona li suli tan ni: ona li kama [[sona mun]], e nanpa nasin ona, e [[sitelen kiwen]], e nasin tomo, e ma tomo suli, e kulupu linja esun, e nasin lawa suli. kin, ona li pali e [[sitelen toki]] ona. nasin pi sitelen toki ni li suli nanpa wan tan [[ma Amelika]] pi tenpo pini. [[ma Mesiko]] la, ona li lon [[ma palisa Jukatan]], lon [[ma Sijapa]], lon [[ma Tapako]]. kin, ona li lon [[ma Katemala|ma Watemala]], lon [[ma Peli]], lon [[ma Ontula]], lon [[ma Sawato]].<ref name=":0">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Nicolai Grube|linja=http://archive.org/details/los-mayas.-una-civilizacion-milenaria.|tan=Los Mayas. Una Civilizacion Milenaria.|tenpo lukin=2026-04-09}}</ref> tenpo lon la, [[kulupu Maja]] li awen lon ma pi jan mama ona, li kepeken toki tan toki mama ona. ona li kama lon la, ona li pali e kasi li moku e kili e pan. ona li open pali e ma tomo lon poka pi tenpo sike 900 BCE la, tenpo sike nanpa 500 BCE la ma tomo ni li jo e tomo sewi suli. sitelen toki li kama lon poka p tenpo sike nanpa 300 BCE. tenpo insa li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 250 BCE la, jan li sitelen e tenpo nanpa lon sinpin kepeken {{lipu li ala|nasin tenpo pi nanpa suli|Q767358}}. ma tomo li esun mute. ma tomo Muta en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kalakamulu|Kaꞌaláakꞌmúul|toki Maja}} li utala mute. kipisi tenpo pini la, {{nimi ijo|ma Ukijana|Uuc Yabnal|toki Maja majuna}} en {{nimi ijo|ma Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}} li kama suli. tenpo pi sike ale nanpa 16 la, [[ma Epanja|kulupu Epanja]] li lanpan e ma Maja. == tenpo == === tenpo open === [[sitelen:Museo Miraflores 104.jpg|alt=sitelen kiwen pi ma El Milato.|thumb|sitelen kiwen pi ma El Milato.]] 1000 BCE en 800 BCE la, kulupu Maja li pali e {{nimi ijo|ma tomo lili Awata Peni|Aguada Fénix|toki Epanja}} lon [[ma Tapako]], lon tenpo insa.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bruce Bower|toki tan=toki Inli|linja=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/lidar-reveals-oldest-biggest-ancient-maya-structure-found-mexico|tan=Lidar reveals the oldest and biggest Maya structure yet found|ijo pana=Science News|tenpo=2020-06-03|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> ken la, ni li ma tomo majuna nanpa wan pi kulupu Maja, la ona li open awen lon ma wan taso.<ref>{{tan sona|toki tan=toki Epanja|linja=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-52915213|tan=Aguada Fénix: cómo se descubrió en México la construcción monumental maya más antigua y más grande jamás encontrada|ijo pana=BBC News Mundo|tenpo=2020-06-05|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> ma supa anpa pi [[ma palisa Jukatan|ma Jukatan]] la, tomo ante li kama lon [[ma Sijapa]] lon poka pi [[telo suli Pasipi|telo Pasipi]], lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 800 BCE, la jan li open pali e ma kili, e ijo pi [[ko kiwen]].<ref name=":1">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=26|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|tan=The Maya|kipisi=47|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> jan lawa Maja li pali e sinpin kiwen sitelen nanpa wan lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 400 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25|kipisi=182 en 197}}</ref> ona li pali e sitelen toki lon tenpo sike nanpa 300 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=William A. Saturno, David Stuart, Boris Beltrán|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=1281–1283|linja=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1121745|tan=Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala|nanpa=311|kulupu toki=Science|tenpo=2006-03-03|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> tenpo poka la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo El Milato|El Mirador|toki Epanja}} li kama suli mute.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=28|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> kin, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Jamuta|Yax Mutal|toki Maja majuna|na=|2b=|3b=}} li kama suli lon tenpo sike nanpa 350 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=25-26|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> ma nena la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kaminakuju|Kaminaljuyu|toki Maja Kise|3b=}},<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael Love|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=293 en #297|linja=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10814-007-9014-y|tan=Recent Research in the Southern Highlands and Pacific Coast of Mesoamerica|nanpa=15|kulupu toki=Journal of Archaeological Research|tenpo=2007-09-27|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Takali Apa|Takalik Abaj|toki Maja Kise}}, en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Sokola|Chocolá|}} li lon [[ma Katemala|ma Watemala]] li kama suli kin.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=236|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 100 CE la, tenpo pi nasin pona ni li pakala, la jan mute li weka e ma tomo mute. jan sona li sona ala e tan ona.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=8|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> === tenpo insa === [[sitelen:Tikal temple jaguar.jpg|alt=ma Jamuta|thumb|ma Jamuta li wawa lawa.]] tenpo insa la, ma anpa la, kulupu jan li pali e sitelen tenpo kepeken nasin tenpo pi nanpa suli.<ref name=":2">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|kipisi=81|tan=The Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> tenpo ni la, jan li pali e tomo suli, e ma tomo suli, e sitelen kiwen suli. mute la, ni li lon ma anpa tawa nasin pi waso lete.<ref name=":2" /> pilin jan la, nasin lawa lon tenpo ni li sama nasin lawa pi [[ma Elina]] majuna, anu nasin lawa pi [[ma Italija]] lon tenpo sike nanpa 1500.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=21|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo open pi tenpo insa la, kulupu jan pi [[ma tomo Tejosiwakan]] li kama li ante e ma tomo Maja.<ref name=":3">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=9|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 378 la, ona li kama lon ma tomo Muta, lon ma tomo ante, li pana e jan lawa sin tawa ona.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Demarest, Arthur|kipisi=218|tan=Ancient Maya: the rise and fall of a rainforest civilization|nanpa=8. print|kulupu toki=Case studies in early societies|ijo pana=Cambridge University Press|tenpo=2011|tenpo lukin=}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Francisco Estrada Belli|kipisi=123-126|tan=The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period|ijo pana=Routledge|tenpo=2011|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Sija Ka|Siyaj Kʼakʼ|toki Maja|kama tan seli}} li lawa e kama ni. {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Saka To Isaka nanpa wan|Chak Tok Ich'aak I|toki Maja}} li moli lon tenpo sama la, ken la utala li lon.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=322|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=29|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo sike kama la, jan Sija Ka li pana e jan lawa sin. ni li {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Ja Nun Akin nanpa wan|Yax Nuun Ahiin I|toki Maja majuna}}. ni la, ma Muta li kama suli, li kama wawa lon ma poka.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=324|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma tomo Muta en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kalakamulu|Kaꞌaláakꞌmúul|toki Maja}} li utala mute. tu li pali e linja esun e linja lawa tawa ma tomo ante, li lawa e ma tomo lili mute. ni la, ma lawa tu ni li utala kepeken ma tomo lili ona. tenpo mute la, ma wan li anpa e ma ante, anu, ma ante li anpa e ma wan.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Lynn V. Foster|kipisi=133|tan=The Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World|kulupu toki=|ijo pana=Oxford University Press|tenpo=2002}}</ref> tawa nasin insa pi waso lete pi open suno la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Owisiki|Oxwitik|toki Maja majuna}} li suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=36|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 426 la, jan lawa ona li toki li esun pona tawa ma Tejosiwakan, tawa ma lawa pi {{lipu li ala|ma lupa Peten|Q2164403}}.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=192-193|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=342|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo pona ona nanpa wan li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 695, li pini lon tenpo sike 738.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=200 en #203|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> ma tomo ante suli li {{nimi ijo|ma Paka|Bàak|toki Maja}}, li {{nimi ijo|ma Jokipi|Yo’ki’b|toki Maja majuna}}, li {{nimi ijo|Ko San|Joy Chan|toki Maja majuna}}, li {{nimi ijo|ma Pakulu|B'aaku'l'|toki Maja majuna}}.<gallery mode="packed" heights="140" widths="140"> sitelen:CPN WEST COURT 01.jpg|ma Owisiki sitelen:Calakmul Structure 2.jpg|ma Kalakamulu sitelen:Mexico-3101B (4291194937).jpg|ma Ko San sitelen:Palenque 16.jpg|ma Paka </gallery>[[sitelen:Chichen Itza '2010 07.jpg|alt=ma Sisen Isa|thumb|ma Ukijana anu ma Sisen Isa.|left]] ==== pakala pi tenpo insa ==== poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 300 la, kulupu tomo Maja li kama pakala. jan li weka e ma tomo ona. jan lawa li moli. wawa li tawa nasin pi soweli lete.<ref name=":3" /> jan li sona wawa ala e tan pi pakala ni, la ken la, ona li tan ijo mute. pilin pi jan sona la, ijo ni li utala insa, li jan pi mute suli ike, li moli kasi, li telo lili.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|kipisi=151-#155|tan=The Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> ma tomo li pini sitelen e tenpo. sitelen pi nasin tenpo suli nanpa pini li lon {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Popo|Popo'|toki Maja majuna}} lon tenpo sike nanpa 909. jan li pali ala e sinpin sitelen, li kama lon tomo lawa pi jan ala. nasin linja esun li ante, li weka e ma anpa Peten.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Lynn V. Foster|kipisi=60|tan=The Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World|kulupu toki=|ijo pana=Oxford University Press|tenpo=2002}}</ref> taso, tenpo sama la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Osoma|Óoxmáal|toki Maja}} en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Ukijana|Uuc Yabnal|toki Maja majuna}} li suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=9 en #203|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> === tenpo pini === [[sitelen:Mayapan chac.JPG|alt=sitelen kiwen lon ma Majapan.|thumb|ma Majapan li suli.]] kulupu Maja li awen. taso, tenpo insa la, ona li suli lili. ona li weka e ma tomo ona la, ona li kama lon poka pi telo awen.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=613 en #616|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma tomo Ukijana en ma tomo pi {{nimi ijo|ma Puku|Puuc|toki Maja}} li kama wawa lili lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1000. ma tomo suli sin li kama lon tenpo sike nanpa 1100, li {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Majapan|Máayapaan|toki Maja}}. ma lawa sin li kama lon poka pi [[telo suli Kalipi|telo Kalipi]], lon poka pi [[telo suli Mesiko|telo Mesiko]], li pali e nasin esun sin.<ref name=":6">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Marilyn A. Masson|kipisi=18238|linja=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3494883/|tan=Maya Collapse Cycles|nanpa=109|kulupu toki=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|tenpo=2012-11-06|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> ijo mute li ante lon tenpo pini.<ref name=":5">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Arroyo, Bárbara|kipisi=38–43|tan=El Poslclásico Tardío en los Altos de Guatemala|nanpa=9|kulupu toki=Arqueología Mexicana Edición Especial|tenpo=2001-08}}</ref> jan li lon ma tomo suli Kaminakuju lon tenpo sike mute ale, taso jan li weka e ona.<ref name=":4">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=618|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma nena en ma lon poka pi telo Pasipi la, jan li pali e tomo lon ma pi awen pona, li pali e sinipin awen, e lupa awen.<ref name=":4"/> ma nena lon ma Watemala la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}} li ma tomo lawa pi {{nimi ijo|ma lawa Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}}, li suli mute.<ref name=":5"/> nasin lawa, en nasin kulupu, en nasin kon li ike la, jan li weka e ma Majapan lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1448. ni la, tenpo utala en tenpo pi jaki sijelo en tenpo pi pakala kon li lon tenpo kama. tenpo ike ni li pini taso lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1511.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Marilyn A. Masson en Carlos Peraza Lope|linja=https://books.google.com/books?id=580dBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT805|tan=Militarism, Misery and Collapse|kulupu toki=[https://books.google.com/books?id=580dBQAAQBAJ Kukulcan's Realm: Urban Life at Ancient Mayapán]|ijo pana=University Press of Colorado|tenpo=2014|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> taso, ma tomo lawa suli li lon ala la, [[ma Epanja|kulupu Epanja]] li lukin kin e ma tomo pi mani mute, e tomo esun pona pi mani mute lon tenpo pi kama ona.<ref name=":6" /> kulupu Epanja li kama la tenpo poka la, kulupu pi ma lawa li lawa e ma nena pi ma Watemala.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=717|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|[[kulupu Kise]]|Kʼicheʼ|toki Maja Kise}} li pali e ma lawa lili lon ma ni, taso, {{nimi ijo|ma lawa Kasike|Kaqchikel|toki Kasikele}} li pakala e ona kepeken tenpo mute.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Restall, Matthew en Florine Asselbergs|kipisi=5|tan=Invading Guatemala: Spanish, Nahua, and Maya accounts of the Conquest Wars|kulupu toki=Latin American Originals|ijo pana=Pennsylvania State University Press|tenpo=2007|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> === kulupu Epanja li kama === [[sitelen:Lienzo de Tlaxcala Iximche.gif|thumb|lipu ni li sitelen e utala lon ma Isinse.|alt=lipu ni li sitelen e utala lon ma Isinse.]] tenpo sike nanpa 1511 la, tomo tawa telo li tan ma Epanja li pakala lon telo Kalipi, la jan awen ona li tawa ma Jukatan. jan lawa Maja li jo e ona, li moli e ona, taso jan tu li tawa weka. tenpo sike nanpa 1517 tawa tenpo sike nanpa 1519 la, jan Epanja li tawa ma Jukatan, li lukin e ona, lon tenpo tu wan. ni la, ona li utala mute e kulupu Maja.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=759-760|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> [[ma tomo Mesiko-Tenosilan|ma Mesiko-Tenosilan]] li anpa lon tenpo sike nanpa 1521 la, [[jan Enan Kote]] li pana e {{nimi ijo|jan Peto Apalato|Pedro de Alvarado|toki Epanja}} e jan utala, tawa ma Watemala. ona li kama lon ma Sijapa lon tenpo sike nanpa 1523,<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=763|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> li anpa e ma tomo Kunkalaka lon tenpo sike nanpa 1524.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=764-765|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo kama ni la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Isinse|Iximcheʼ|toki Maja}} pi kulupu Kise li jo pona e kulupu Epanja.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Schele, Linda en Peter Mathews|kipisi=297|linja=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind|tan=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs|ijo pana=Simon & Schuster|tenpo=1999}}</ref> ike la, jan Epanja li wile e [[kiwen mani jelo|kiwen mani]] tan jan pi ma tomo, la jan li weka e ma tomo.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Schele, Linda en Peter Mathews|kipisi=298|linja=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind|tan=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs|ijo pana=Simon & Schuster|tenpo=1999}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Sakuleju|Zaculeu|toki Maja Man}} li anpa kin lon tenpo sike nanpa 1525.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Recinos, Adrián|toki tan=toki Epanja|kipisi=110|tan=Pedro de Alvarado: Conquistador de México y Guatemala|nimi pi kulupu tan kepeken toki tan=CENALTEX Centro Nacional de Libros de Texto y Material Didáctico 'José de Pineda Ibarra'|tenpo=1986}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|jan Pansiko Monteko|Francisco de Montejo|toki Epanja}} en {{nimi ijo|jan Pansiko Monteko lili|Francisco de Montejo "El Mozo"|toki Epanja}} li tawa li utala e ma lawa lon ma Jukatan lon tenpo sike nanpa 1527, li lanpan e ma Jukatan ale lon tenpo sike nanpa 1546.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=766-772|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ni la, ma tomo Maja li lon ma anpa Peten taso.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=772-773|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 1697 la, {{nimi ijo|jan Masin Usuja|Martín de Ursúa|toki Epanja}} li anpa e {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Nopeten|Nojpetén|toki Maja Isa}}. ma tomo ni li ma tomo Maja nanpa pini.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Grant D. Jones|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=19|linja=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeOWl54Mt7UC&pg=RA2-PT82|tan=The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=1998|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> == nasin nanpa == [[sitelen:Maya.svg|alt=nanpa ale pi nasin nanpa Maja.|thumb|nanpa ale pi nasin nanpa Maja.|left]] kulupu Maja li pali e nasin nanpa. ona li [[nasin nanpa poki]] la, ona li kepeken [[sike nanpa]] pi nanpa 20. ni la, wan lon poki nanpa wan li wan, taso, wan lon poki nanpa tu li mute, kin, wan lon poki nanpa tu wan li {{o nnp|400}}. poki li lon sewi pi poki ante, la poki sewi li jo e nanpa suli. nasin ni li kepeken sitelen tu wan. kiwen pi pipi telo li ala nanpa. sike li wan nanpa. linja li luka nanpa. nanpa {{o nnp|33|nnp ala=1}} li ni lon nasin Maja: sike wan li lon poki sewi. linja tu en sike tu wan li lon poki anpa. <center> {| class="wikitable skin-invert-image"; style="text-align:center; !400 | |{{nanpa supa Maja|1}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|12}} |- !20 |{{nanpa supa Maja|1}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|1}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|16}} |- !1 |{{nanpa supa Maja|13}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|9}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|5}} |- !ale li: |33 |429 |5125 |}</center> == tan sona == <references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Maja pi tenpo pini, kulupu}} [[kulupu:kulupu jan pi tenpo pini]] b9yd61l7uxtr4ub17e0k9tgu502jzki 65487 65486 2026-05-20T07:36:39Z Benscat 3375 sitelen li pona tawa poka pini 65487 wikitext text/x-wiki [[sitelen:Mayamap.png|alt=sitelen ma pi ma Maja|thumb|ma pi kulupu Maja lon tenpo pini]] '''kulupu Maja pi tenpo pini''' li kulupu jan, li [[kulupu tomo]] lon [[ma Mesomelika]]. ona li suli tan ni: ona li kama [[sona mun]], e nanpa nasin ona, e [[sitelen kiwen]], e nasin tomo, e ma tomo suli, e kulupu linja esun, e nasin lawa suli. kin, ona li pali e [[sitelen toki]] ona. nasin pi sitelen toki ni li suli nanpa wan tan [[ma Amelika]] pi tenpo pini. [[ma Mesiko]] la, ona li lon [[ma palisa Jukatan]], lon [[ma Sijapa]], lon [[ma Tapako]]. kin, ona li lon [[ma Katemala|ma Watemala]], lon [[ma Peli]], lon [[ma Ontula]], lon [[ma Sawato]].<ref name=":0">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Nicolai Grube|linja=http://archive.org/details/los-mayas.-una-civilizacion-milenaria.|tan=Los Mayas. Una Civilizacion Milenaria.|tenpo lukin=2026-04-09}}</ref> tenpo lon la, [[kulupu Maja]] li awen lon ma pi jan mama ona, li kepeken toki tan toki mama ona. ona li kama lon la, ona li pali e kasi li moku e kili e pan. ona li open pali e ma tomo lon poka pi tenpo sike 900 BCE la, tenpo sike nanpa 500 BCE la ma tomo ni li jo e tomo sewi suli. sitelen toki li kama lon poka p tenpo sike nanpa 300 BCE. tenpo insa li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 250 BCE la, jan li sitelen e tenpo nanpa lon sinpin kepeken {{lipu li ala|nasin tenpo pi nanpa suli|Q767358}}. ma tomo li esun mute. ma tomo Muta en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kalakamulu|Kaꞌaláakꞌmúul|toki Maja}} li utala mute. kipisi tenpo pini la, {{nimi ijo|ma Ukijana|Uuc Yabnal|toki Maja majuna}} en {{nimi ijo|ma Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}} li kama suli. tenpo pi sike ale nanpa 16 la, [[ma Epanja|kulupu Epanja]] li lanpan e ma Maja. == tenpo == === tenpo open === [[sitelen:Museo Miraflores 104.jpg|alt=sitelen kiwen pi ma El Milato.|thumb|sitelen kiwen pi ma El Milato.]] 1000 BCE en 800 BCE la, kulupu Maja li pali e {{nimi ijo|ma tomo lili Awata Peni|Aguada Fénix|toki Epanja}} lon [[ma Tapako]], lon tenpo insa.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bruce Bower|toki tan=toki Inli|linja=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/lidar-reveals-oldest-biggest-ancient-maya-structure-found-mexico|tan=Lidar reveals the oldest and biggest Maya structure yet found|ijo pana=Science News|tenpo=2020-06-03|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> ken la, ni li ma tomo majuna nanpa wan pi kulupu Maja, la ona li open awen lon ma wan taso.<ref>{{tan sona|toki tan=toki Epanja|linja=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-52915213|tan=Aguada Fénix: cómo se descubrió en México la construcción monumental maya más antigua y más grande jamás encontrada|ijo pana=BBC News Mundo|tenpo=2020-06-05|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> ma supa anpa pi [[ma palisa Jukatan|ma Jukatan]] la, tomo ante li kama lon [[ma Sijapa]] lon poka pi [[telo suli Pasipi|telo Pasipi]], lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 800 BCE, la jan li open pali e ma kili, e ijo pi [[ko kiwen]].<ref name=":1">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=26|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|tan=The Maya|kipisi=47|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> jan lawa Maja li pali e sinpin kiwen sitelen nanpa wan lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 400 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25|kipisi=182 en 197}}</ref> ona li pali e sitelen toki lon tenpo sike nanpa 300 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=William A. Saturno, David Stuart, Boris Beltrán|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=1281–1283|linja=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1121745|tan=Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala|nanpa=311|kulupu toki=Science|tenpo=2006-03-03|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18}}</ref> tenpo poka la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo El Milato|El Mirador|toki Epanja}} li kama suli mute.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=28|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> kin, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Jamuta|Yax Mutal|toki Maja majuna|na=|2b=|3b=}} li kama suli lon tenpo sike nanpa 350 BCE.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=25-26|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> ma nena la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kaminakuju|Kaminaljuyu|toki Maja Kise|3b=}},<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael Love|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=293 en #297|linja=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10814-007-9014-y|tan=Recent Research in the Southern Highlands and Pacific Coast of Mesoamerica|nanpa=15|kulupu toki=Journal of Archaeological Research|tenpo=2007-09-27|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Takali Apa|Takalik Abaj|toki Maja Kise}}, en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Sokola|Chocolá|}} li lon [[ma Katemala|ma Watemala]] li kama suli kin.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=236|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 100 CE la, tenpo pi nasin pona ni li pakala, la jan mute li weka e ma tomo mute. jan sona li sona ala e tan ona.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=8|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> === tenpo insa === [[sitelen:Tikal temple jaguar.jpg|alt=ma Jamuta|thumb|ma Jamuta li wawa lawa.]] tenpo insa la, ma anpa la, kulupu jan li pali e sitelen tenpo kepeken nasin tenpo pi nanpa suli.<ref name=":2">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|kipisi=81|tan=The Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> tenpo ni la, jan li pali e tomo suli, e ma tomo suli, e sitelen kiwen suli. mute la, ni li lon ma anpa tawa nasin pi waso lete.<ref name=":2" /> pilin jan la, nasin lawa lon tenpo ni li sama nasin lawa pi [[ma Elina]] majuna, anu nasin lawa pi [[ma Italija]] lon tenpo sike nanpa 1500.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=21|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo open pi tenpo insa la, kulupu jan pi [[ma tomo Tejosiwakan]] li kama li ante e ma tomo Maja.<ref name=":3">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=9|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 378 la, ona li kama lon ma tomo Muta, lon ma tomo ante, li pana e jan lawa sin tawa ona.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Demarest, Arthur|kipisi=218|tan=Ancient Maya: the rise and fall of a rainforest civilization|nanpa=8. print|kulupu toki=Case studies in early societies|ijo pana=Cambridge University Press|tenpo=2011|tenpo lukin=}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Francisco Estrada Belli|kipisi=123-126|tan=The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period|ijo pana=Routledge|tenpo=2011|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Sija Ka|Siyaj Kʼakʼ|toki Maja|kama tan seli}} li lawa e kama ni. {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Saka To Isaka nanpa wan|Chak Tok Ich'aak I|toki Maja}} li moli lon tenpo sama la, ken la utala li lon.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=322|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=29|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> tenpo sike kama la, jan Sija Ka li pana e jan lawa sin. ni li {{nimi ijo|jan lawa Ja Nun Akin nanpa wan|Yax Nuun Ahiin I|toki Maja majuna}}. ni la, ma Muta li kama suli, li kama wawa lon ma poka.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=324|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma tomo Muta en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kalakamulu|Kaꞌaláakꞌmúul|toki Maja}} li utala mute. tu li pali e linja esun e linja lawa tawa ma tomo ante, li lawa e ma tomo lili mute. ni la, ma lawa tu ni li utala kepeken ma tomo lili ona. tenpo mute la, ma wan li anpa e ma ante, anu, ma ante li anpa e ma wan.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Lynn V. Foster|kipisi=133|tan=The Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World|kulupu toki=|ijo pana=Oxford University Press|tenpo=2002}}</ref> tawa nasin insa pi waso lete pi open suno la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Owisiki|Oxwitik|toki Maja majuna}} li suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Bertina Olmedo Vera|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=36|tan=The Mayas of the Classic Period tan jan A. Arellano Hernández|nanpa=pana nanpa wan|ijo pana=Jaca Books|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 426 la, jan lawa ona li toki li esun pona tawa ma Tejosiwakan, tawa ma lawa pi {{lipu li ala|ma lupa Peten|Q2164403}}.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=192-193|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=342|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo pona ona nanpa wan li open lon tenpo sike nanpa 695, li pini lon tenpo sike 738.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=200 en #203|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> ma tomo ante suli li {{nimi ijo|ma Paka|Bàak|toki Maja}}, li {{nimi ijo|ma Jokipi|Yo’ki’b|toki Maja majuna}}, li {{nimi ijo|Ko San|Joy Chan|toki Maja majuna}}, li {{nimi ijo|ma Pakulu|B'aaku'l'|toki Maja majuna}}.<gallery mode="packed" heights="140" widths="140"> sitelen:CPN WEST COURT 01.jpg|ma Owisiki sitelen:Calakmul Structure 2.jpg|ma Kalakamulu sitelen:Mexico-3101B (4291194937).jpg|ma Ko San sitelen:Palenque 16.jpg|ma Paka </gallery>[[sitelen:Chichen Itza '2010 07.jpg|alt=ma Sisen Isa|thumb|ma Ukijana anu ma Sisen Isa.|left]] ==== pakala pi tenpo insa ==== poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 300 la, kulupu tomo Maja li kama pakala. jan li weka e ma tomo ona. jan lawa li moli. wawa li tawa nasin pi soweli lete.<ref name=":3" /> jan li sona wawa ala e tan pi pakala ni, la ken la, ona li tan ijo mute. pilin pi jan sona la, ijo ni li utala insa, li jan pi mute suli ike, li moli kasi, li telo lili.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Michael D. Coe|kipisi=151-#155|tan=The Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6, li pona li suli|kulupu toki=Ancient Peoples and Places|ijo pana=Thames and Hudson|tenpo=1999|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/maya0000coem_h0k7|tenpo sama=2022-09-27}}</ref> ma tomo li pini sitelen e tenpo. sitelen pi nasin tenpo suli nanpa pini li lon {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Popo|Popo'|toki Maja majuna}} lon tenpo sike nanpa 909. jan li pali ala e sinpin sitelen, li kama lon tomo lawa pi jan ala. nasin linja esun li ante, li weka e ma anpa Peten.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Lynn V. Foster|kipisi=60|tan=The Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World|kulupu toki=|ijo pana=Oxford University Press|tenpo=2002}}</ref> taso, tenpo sama la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Osoma|Óoxmáal|toki Maja}} en {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Ukijana|Uuc Yabnal|toki Maja majuna}} li suli.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Simon Martin, en Nikolai Grube|tan=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya|kipisi=9 en #203|nanpa=pana nanpa 1|ijo pana=Thames & Hudson|tenpo=2000|tenpo lukin=2026-05-18|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart|tenpo sama=2013-09-03}}</ref> === tenpo pini === [[sitelen:Mayapan chac.JPG|alt=sitelen kiwen lon ma Majapan.|thumb|ma Majapan li suli.]] kulupu Maja li awen. taso, tenpo insa la, ona li suli lili. ona li weka e ma tomo ona la, ona li kama lon poka pi telo awen.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=613 en #616|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma tomo Ukijana en ma tomo pi {{nimi ijo|ma Puku|Puuc|toki Maja}} li kama wawa lili lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1000. ma tomo suli sin li kama lon tenpo sike nanpa 1100, li {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Majapan|Máayapaan|toki Maja}}. ma lawa sin li kama lon poka pi [[telo suli Kalipi|telo Kalipi]], lon poka pi [[telo suli Mesiko|telo Mesiko]], li pali e nasin esun sin.<ref name=":6">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Marilyn A. Masson|kipisi=18238|linja=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3494883/|tan=Maya Collapse Cycles|nanpa=109|kulupu toki=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|tenpo=2012-11-06|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> ijo mute li ante lon tenpo pini.<ref name=":5">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Arroyo, Bárbara|kipisi=38–43|tan=El Poslclásico Tardío en los Altos de Guatemala|nanpa=9|kulupu toki=Arqueología Mexicana Edición Especial|tenpo=2001-08}}</ref> jan li lon ma tomo suli Kaminakuju lon tenpo sike mute ale, taso jan li weka e ona.<ref name=":4">{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=618|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ma nena en ma lon poka pi telo Pasipi la, jan li pali e tomo lon ma pi awen pona, li pali e sinipin awen, e lupa awen.<ref name=":4"/> ma nena lon ma Watemala la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}} li ma tomo lawa pi {{nimi ijo|ma lawa Kunkalaka|Qʼumqaraqʼaj|toki Maja Kise}}, li suli mute.<ref name=":5"/> nasin lawa, en nasin kulupu, en nasin kon li ike la, jan li weka e ma Majapan lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1448. ni la, tenpo utala en tenpo pi jaki sijelo en tenpo pi pakala kon li lon tenpo kama. tenpo ike ni li pini taso lon poka pi tenpo sike nanpa 1511.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Marilyn A. Masson en Carlos Peraza Lope|linja=https://books.google.com/books?id=580dBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT805|tan=Militarism, Misery and Collapse|kulupu toki=[https://books.google.com/books?id=580dBQAAQBAJ Kukulcan's Realm: Urban Life at Ancient Mayapán]|ijo pana=University Press of Colorado|tenpo=2014|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> taso, ma tomo lawa suli li lon ala la, [[ma Epanja|kulupu Epanja]] li lukin kin e ma tomo pi mani mute, e tomo esun pona pi mani mute lon tenpo pi kama ona.<ref name=":6" /> kulupu Epanja li kama la tenpo poka la, kulupu pi ma lawa li lawa e ma nena pi ma Watemala.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=717|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|[[kulupu Kise]]|Kʼicheʼ|toki Maja Kise}} li pali e ma lawa lili lon ma ni, taso, {{nimi ijo|ma lawa Kasike|Kaqchikel|toki Kasikele}} li pakala e ona kepeken tenpo mute.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Restall, Matthew en Florine Asselbergs|kipisi=5|tan=Invading Guatemala: Spanish, Nahua, and Maya accounts of the Conquest Wars|kulupu toki=Latin American Originals|ijo pana=Pennsylvania State University Press|tenpo=2007|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> === kulupu Epanja li kama === [[sitelen:Lienzo de Tlaxcala Iximche.gif|thumb|lipu ni li sitelen e utala lon ma Isinse.|alt=lipu ni li sitelen e utala lon ma Isinse.]] tenpo sike nanpa 1511 la, tomo tawa telo li tan ma Epanja li pakala lon telo Kalipi, la jan awen ona li tawa ma Jukatan. jan lawa Maja li jo e ona, li moli e ona, taso jan tu li tawa weka. tenpo sike nanpa 1517 tawa tenpo sike nanpa 1519 la, jan Epanja li tawa ma Jukatan, li lukin e ona, lon tenpo tu wan. ni la, ona li utala mute e kulupu Maja.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=759-760|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> [[ma tomo Mesiko-Tenosilan|ma Mesiko-Tenosilan]] li anpa lon tenpo sike nanpa 1521 la, [[jan Enan Kote]] li pana e {{nimi ijo|jan Peto Apalato|Pedro de Alvarado|toki Epanja}} e jan utala, tawa ma Watemala. ona li kama lon ma Sijapa lon tenpo sike nanpa 1523,<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=763|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> li anpa e ma tomo Kunkalaka lon tenpo sike nanpa 1524.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=764-765|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo kama ni la, {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Isinse|Iximcheʼ|toki Maja}} pi kulupu Kise li jo pona e kulupu Epanja.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Schele, Linda en Peter Mathews|kipisi=297|linja=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind|tan=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs|ijo pana=Simon & Schuster|tenpo=1999}}</ref> ike la, jan Epanja li wile e [[kiwen mani jelo|kiwen mani]] tan jan pi ma tomo, la jan li weka e ma tomo.<ref>{{tan sona|jan=Schele, Linda en Peter Mathews|kipisi=298|linja=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind|tan=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs|ijo pana=Simon & Schuster|tenpo=1999}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Sakuleju|Zaculeu|toki Maja Man}} li anpa kin lon tenpo sike nanpa 1525.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Recinos, Adrián|toki tan=toki Epanja|kipisi=110|tan=Pedro de Alvarado: Conquistador de México y Guatemala|nimi pi kulupu tan kepeken toki tan=CENALTEX Centro Nacional de Libros de Texto y Material Didáctico 'José de Pineda Ibarra'|tenpo=1986}}</ref> {{nimi ijo|jan Pansiko Monteko|Francisco de Montejo|toki Epanja}} en {{nimi ijo|jan Pansiko Monteko lili|Francisco de Montejo "El Mozo"|toki Epanja}} li tawa li utala e ma lawa lon ma Jukatan lon tenpo sike nanpa 1527, li lanpan e ma Jukatan ale lon tenpo sike nanpa 1546.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=766-772|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> ni la, ma tomo Maja li lon ma anpa Peten taso.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Robert J. Sharer, en Loa P. Traxler|kipisi=772-773|tan=The Ancient Maya|nanpa=pana nanpa 6|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=2006|tenpo lukin=|linja sama=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar|tenpo sama=2020-01-25}}</ref> tenpo sike nanpa 1697 la, {{nimi ijo|jan Masin Usuja|Martín de Ursúa|toki Epanja}} li anpa e {{nimi ijo|ma tomo Nopeten|Nojpetén|toki Maja Isa}}. ma tomo ni li ma tomo Maja nanpa pini.<ref>{{tan sona|nimi jan kepeken toki tan=Grant D. Jones|toki tan=toki Inli|kipisi=19|linja=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeOWl54Mt7UC&pg=RA2-PT82|tan=The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom|ijo pana=Stanford University Press|tenpo=1998|tenpo lukin=}}</ref> == nasin nanpa == [[sitelen:Maya.svg|alt=nanpa ale pi nasin nanpa Maja.|thumb|nanpa ale pi nasin nanpa Maja.]] kulupu Maja li pali e nasin nanpa. ona li [[nasin nanpa poki]] la, ona li kepeken [[sike nanpa]] pi nanpa 20. ni la, wan lon poki nanpa wan li wan, taso, wan lon poki nanpa tu li mute, kin, wan lon poki nanpa tu wan li {{o nnp|400}}. poki li lon sewi pi poki ante, la poki sewi li jo e nanpa suli. nasin ni li kepeken sitelen tu wan. kiwen pi pipi telo li ala nanpa. sike li wan nanpa. linja li luka nanpa. nanpa {{o nnp|33|nnp ala=1}} li ni lon nasin Maja: sike wan li lon poki sewi. linja tu en sike tu wan li lon poki anpa. <center> {| class="wikitable skin-invert-image"; style="text-align:center; !400 | |{{nanpa supa Maja|1}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|12}} |- !20 |{{nanpa supa Maja|1}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|1}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|16}} |- !1 |{{nanpa supa Maja|13}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|9}} |{{nanpa supa Maja|5}} |- !ale li: |33 |429 |5125 |}</center> == tan sona == <references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Maja pi tenpo pini, kulupu}} [[kulupu:kulupu jan pi tenpo pini]] or1mhxvle5w6qx7yqoin8us3eg2n8bx 2 11202 65477 65395 2026-05-19T16:24:18Z NewCurvenBig 6248 65477 wikitext text/x-wiki pilin "nomal" la mi pali e kipisi kepeken [[lipu Wikipesija]] tawa "kepen" pi [https://fontstruct.miraheze.org lipu Pontaku Wiki] (lon [[toki Inli]]). == poki jan mi (lon lipu Wikipesija pi toki Inli) == [[w:User:NewCurvenBig/userbox|poki jan mi]] == palapa mi (lon toki Inli) == (nomala means "normal", "standard", "routine", and similar terms) (kepen means "usage", "use", "utilize", and similar terms not achieved by "kepeken") (palapa means "word", to not differentiate with "nimi", which typically means "name", in the phrase "nimi mi li...", which means "my name is...", while "palapa mi li..." means "my own coined words are...") mzwjzjd0mp57lf1y9eemj2h13nu7e6a 0 11228 65471 2026-05-19T16:03:12Z Kasisin 5103 Kasisin moved page [[toki ilo Juniko]] to [[nasin Juniko]] over redirect: mute nanpa wan la jan li kepeken nimi ni. nimi open "toki ilo" li nasa ike mute tawa mi. 65471 wikitext text/x-wiki #TAWA [[nasin Juniko]] pyv5y10q3sin3i6dirzjauwk1q4n1t7 1 11229 65473 2026-05-19T16:03:12Z Kasisin 5103 jan Kasisin li ante e nimi pi lipu "[[toki:toki ilo Juniko]]" tawa lipu "[[toki:nasin Juniko]]": mute nanpa wan la jan li kepeken nimi ni. nimi open "toki ilo" li nasa ike mute tawa mi. 65473 wikitext text/x-wiki #TAWA [[toki:nasin Juniko]] 2wos6wr6vzpo7uu6rvtn0j5p5bv4xxj 10 11230 65481 2026-05-20T06:10:12Z Benscat 3375 mi pali e kipisi. mi pakala la, o weka e ni 65481 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{ #switch: {{{1}}} | 0 = [[sitelen:0_maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|0|alt=𝋠]] | 1 = [[sitelen:1 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|1|alt=𝋡]] | 2 = [[sitelen:2 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|2|alt=𝋢]] | 3 = [[sitelen:3 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|3|alt=𝋣]] | 4 = [[sitelen:4 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|4|alt=𝋤]] | 5 = [[sitelen:5 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|5|alt=𝋥]] | 6 = [[sitelen:6 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|6|alt=𝋦]] | 7 = [[sitelen:7 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|7|alt=𝋧]] | 8 = [[sitelen:8 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|8|alt=𝋨]] | 9 = [[sitelen:9 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|9|alt=𝋩]] | 10 = [[sitelen:10 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|10|alt=𝋪]] | 11 = [[sitelen:11 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|11|alt=𝋫]] | 12 = [[sitelen:12 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|12|alt=𝋬]] | 13 = [[sitelen:13 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|13|alt=𝋭]] | 14 = [[sitelen:14 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|14|alt=𝋮]] | 15 = [[sitelen:15 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|15|alt=𝋯]] | 16 = [[sitelen:16 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|16|alt=𝋯]] | 17 = [[sitelen:17 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|17|alt=𝋱]] | 18 = [[sitelen:18 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|18|alt=𝋲]] | 19 = [[sitelen:19 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|19|alt=𝋳]] }} </includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": { "nanpa": { "label": "nanpa", "description": "o pana e nanpa lon ni", "example": "12", "type": "number", "suggestedvalues": [ "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19" ], "required": true }, "suli": { "label": "suli sitelen", "description": "o pana e suli pi sitelen nanpa lon ni", "example": "50px", "type": "unknown", "default": "40px" }, "selo": { "label": "selo", "description": "sina pana e ni la, selo li lon", "example": "frame", "type": "boolean", "default": "frameless", "autovalue": "frameless" } }, "paramOrder": [ "nanpa", "suli", "selo" ], "description": "kipisi ni li pana e sitelen nanpa pi kulupu Maja kepeken nasin supa. o sitelen e ni: {nanpa supa Maja|n|suli|selo}, la n<20 li nanpa. sina ken pana ala e suli, e selo. " } </templatedata> </noinclude> srk2f3nri9qg5vj8543qbpyi0jk0z0q 65482 65481 2026-05-20T06:53:38Z Benscat 3375 mi weka e mute 65482 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{ #switch: {{{1}}} | 0 = [[sitelen:0_maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|0|alt=𝋠]] | 1 = [[sitelen:1 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|1|alt=𝋡]] | 2 = [[sitelen:2 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|2|alt=𝋢]] | 3 = [[sitelen:3 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|3|alt=𝋣]] | 4 = [[sitelen:4 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|4|alt=𝋤]] | 5 = [[sitelen:5 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|5|alt=𝋥]] | 6 = [[sitelen:6 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|6|alt=𝋦]] | 7 = [[sitelen:7 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|7|alt=𝋧]] | 8 = [[sitelen:8 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|8|alt=𝋨]] | 9 = [[sitelen:9 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|9|alt=𝋩]] | 10 = [[sitelen:10 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|10|alt=𝋪]] | 11 = [[sitelen:11 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|11|alt=𝋫]] | 12 = [[sitelen:12 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|12|alt=𝋬]] | 13 = [[sitelen:13 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|13|alt=𝋭]] | 14 = [[sitelen:14 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|14|alt=𝋮]] | 15 = [[sitelen:15 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|15|alt=𝋯]] | 16 = [[sitelen:16 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|16|alt=𝋯]] | 17 = [[sitelen:17 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|17|alt=𝋱]] | 18 = [[sitelen:18 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|18|alt=𝋲]] | 19 = [[sitelen:19 maia.svg|{{{2|40px}}}|{{{3|frameless}}}|19|alt=𝋳]] }} </includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "nanpa" }, "2": { "label": "suli" }, "3": { "label": "selo" } } } </templatedata> </noinclude> 4hrvuq56sekea30y8ge9fhzu22o4oiu