Wikipidiya trvwiki https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwahan_patas MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Meyti Kingal nanaq Mpprngaw Empduuy Pprngagun empduuy Wikipidiya Pprngagun Wikipidiya Patas bntasan Pprngagun patas bntasan MeytiWiki Pprngagun MeytiWiki Snluan qcinuh Pprngagun snluan qcinuh Dmayaw Pprngagun dmayaw Snakun Snakun pprngagun TimedText TimedText talk 模組 模組討論 活動 活動討論 0 1346 108669 91359 2026-09-20T08:01:35Z Nomorecaptchawhat? 3135 108669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Country in Northern Europe}} {{About|the country}} {{Redirect|Litwa}} {{Redirect|Lietuva|newspapers under the name ''Lietuva''|Lietuva (newspaper)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republic of Lithuania | native_name = {{lang|lt|Lietuvos Respublika}} | common_name = Lithuania | image_flag = Flag of Lithuania.svg | alt_flag = Flag of Lithuania | image_coat = Coat of arms of Lithuania.svg | alt_coat = Coat of arms of Lithuania | national_anthem = {{lang|lt|[[Tautiška giesmė]]}}<br />"National Song"<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">{{center|[[File:Tautiška giesme instumental.ogg]]}}</div> | image_map = EU-Lithuania.svg | map_caption = {{map_caption |location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the European Union |subregion_color=green |legend=EU-Lithuania.svg}} | capital = [[Vilnius]] | coordinates = {{Coord|54|41|N|25|19|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Lithuania's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 2019 |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Lithuania_2006.pdf |website=Constitute Project |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=21 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221121506/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Lithuania_2006.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |82.1% [[Lithuanians]] |6.2% [[Poles in Lithuania|Poles]] |4.9% [[Russians in Lithuania|Russians]] |2.3% [[Ukrainians in Lithuania|Ukrainians]] |2.0% [[Belarusians in Lithuania|Belarusians]] |2.5% [[Ethnic minorities in Lithuania|others]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2026<ref>{{cite web|url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize|title=Rodiklių duomenų bazė - Oficialiosios statistikos portalas|website=osp.stat.gov.lt}}</ref> | religion_year = 2021<ref name="religion-stats">{{cite web|title=Population by religious community indicated, municipalities (2021)|url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?hash=dadee47b-9204-48d2-a55e-e125d581f1b6#/|publisher=[[Department of Statistics (Lithuania)|Statistics Lithuania]]|language=lt|access-date=2 January 2022|archive-date=2 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102180815/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?hash=dadee47b-9204-48d2-a55e-e125d581f1b6#/|url-status=live}}</ref> | religion = {{unbulleted list | {{Tree list}} * 79.4% [[Christianity]] ** 74.2% [[Catholic Church in Lithuania|Catholicism]] ** 5.2% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]] {{Tree list/end}} * 6.1% [[Irreligion|no religion]] * 0.8% [[Religion in Lithuania|others]] * 13.7% no answer}} | demonym = [[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]] | government_type = Unitary [[semi-presidential republic]]<ref name="Lina">{{cite book |last=Kulikauskienė |first=Lina |date=2002 |title=Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija |trans-title=The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania |language=lt |publisher=Native History, CD. |isbn=978-9986-9216-7-7 |quote=<!-- Please, provide a quotation if you have access to the book. -->}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Veser |first=Ernst |author-link=<!-- Ernst Veser --> |date=23 September 1997 |title=Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's Concept – A New Political System Model |url=http://www.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/publication/ebook/journal/11-01-1999/11_1_2.pdf |publisher=Department of Education, School of Education, [[University of Cologne]] |language=en, zh |pages=39–60 |access-date=23 August 2017 |quote=Duhamel has developed the approach further: He stresses that the French construction does not correspond to either parliamentary or the presidential form of government, and then develops the distinction of 'système politique' and 'régime constitutionnel'. While the former comprises the exercise of power that results from the dominant institutional practice, the latter is the totality of the rules for the dominant institutional practice of the power. In this way, France appears as 'presidentialist system' endowed with a 'semi-presidential regime' (1983: 587). By this standard he recognizes Duverger's ''pléiade'' as semi-presidential regimes, as well as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Lithuania (1993: 87). |archive-date=24 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424202059/https://www.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/publication/ebook/journal/11-01-1999/11_1_2.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Draft">{{cite journal |last=Shugart |first=Matthew Søberg |author-link=Matthew Søberg Shugart |date=September 2005 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns |url=http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf |journal=Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies |location=United States |publisher=University of California, San Diego |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819200307/http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2008 |access-date=23 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Dual">{{cite journal |last=Shugart |first=Matthew Søberg |author-link=Matthew Søberg Shugart |date=December 2005 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns |journal=French Politics |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] Journals |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=323–351 |doi=10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087 |doi-access=free |quote=A pattern similar to the French case of compatible majorities alternating with periods of cohabitation emerged in Lithuania, where Talat-Kelpsa (2001) notes that the ability of the Lithuanian president to influence government formation and policy declined abruptly when he lost the sympathetic majority in parliament. |issn=1476-3419}}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[President of Lithuania|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Gitanas Nausėda]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Lithuania|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Mindaugas Sinkevičius]] | leader_title3 = [[List of speakers of the Seimas|Seimas Speaker]] | leader_name3 = [[Juozas Olekas]] | legislature = [[Seimas]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Lithuania|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Name of Lithuania|First mentioned]] | established_date1 = 9 March 1009 | established_event2 = [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Grand Duchy]] | established_date2 = 1236 | established_event3 = Coronation of [[Mindaugas]] | established_date3 = 6 July 1253 | established_event4 = [[Union of Krewo|Union with Poland]] | established_date4 = 2 February 1386 | established_event5 = [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Commonwealth]] created | established_date5 = 1 July 1569 | established_event6 = [[Partitions of Poland|Partitioned]] | established_date6 = 24 October 1795 | established_event7 = [[Act of Independence of Lithuania|Independence reinstated]] | established_date7 = 16 February 1918 | established_event8 = [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet occupation]] | established_date8 = 16 June 1940 | established_event9 = [[Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania|Independence restored]] | established_date9 = 11 March 1990 | area_rank = 121st <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_km2 = 65,300<ref>[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-eurostat-news/-/edn-20180216-1 "Eurostat celebrates Lithuania". 16 February 2018.] ''[[Eurostat]]''. Retrieved 28 January 2025.</ref> | area_sq_mi = 25,212 <!-- Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers|WP:MOSNUM]] --> | percent_water = 1.98 (2015)<ref>{{cite web |title=Surface water and surface water change |access-date=11 October 2020 |publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |archive-date=24 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 2,897,430<ref>{{cite web |url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/pagrindiniai-salies-rodikliai |title=Pradžia – Oficialiosios statistikos portalas |website=osp.stat.gov.lt |access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 137th | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_density_km2 = 46 | population_density_sq_mi = 120 <!-- Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers|WP:MOSNUM]] --> | population_density_rank = 174th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $176,929 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.LT">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=512,914,612,171,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&s=NGDPDPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Lithuania) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=10 April 2024 |access-date=14 July 2024}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 87th | GDP_PPP_year = 2026 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $61,052<ref name="IMFWEO.LT" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 33th | GDP_nominal = {{Increase}} $105,907 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.LT" /> | GDP_nominal_rank = 77th | GDP_nominal_year = 2026 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $36,545<ref name="IMFWEO.LT" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 38th | Gini = 35.7 <!-- number only --> | Gini_ref = <ref name="eurogini">{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income|publisher=[[Eurostat]]|access-date=18 January 2025|archive-date=9 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109104627/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table|url-status=live}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | Gini_year = 2023 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | Gini_change = decrease <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | HDI = 0.895 <!-- number only --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2023/24|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=13 March 2024|access-date=13 March 2024|archive-date=13 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 39th | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] | utc_offset = +2 | time_zone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +3 | date_format = {{abbr|yyyy|year}}-{{abbr|mm|month}}-{{abbr|dd|day}}{{efn|Lithuania uses [[ISO 8601]] standard for date and time.}}<ref>{{cite web |author1=[[Office of the Chief Archivist of Lithuania]] |title=V-117 Dėl Dokumentų rengimo taisyklių patvirtinimo |url=https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/TAIS.403753/asr |website=e-seimas.lrs.lt |publisher=[[Seimas]] |access-date=6 December 2024 |language=lt-LT |date=4 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kaip trumpuoju būdu rašyti datą? |url=https://www.vlkk.lt/konsultacijos/657-data-datos-rasymas |website=vlkk.lt |publisher=[[Commission of the Lithuanian Language]] |access-date=6 December 2024 |language=lt-LT |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201173919/https://www.vlkk.lt/konsultacijos/657-data-datos-rasymas |archive-date=1 February 2022}}</ref> | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Lithuania|+370]] | cctld = [[.lt]] }} '''Lithuania''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en| audio = Lithuania pronunciation RP.ogg|ˌ|l|ɪ|θj|u|ˈ|eɪ|n|i|ə}} {{respell|LITH|ew|AY|nee|ə}};<ref>{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Daniel |author-link=Daniel Jones (phonetician) |editor1-last=Roach |editor1-first=Peter |editor2-last=Setter |editor2-first=Jane |editor2-link=Jane Setter |editor3-last=Esling |editor3-first=John |year=2011 |title=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary |edition=18th |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-15253-2 |title-link=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary}}</ref> {{native name|lt|Lietuva}} {{IPA|lt|lʲiətʊˈvɐ|}}}} officially the '''Republic of Lithuania''',{{efn|{{native name|lt|Lietuvos Respublika}} {{IPA|lt|lʲiətʊˈvoːs rʲɛsˈpʊblʲɪkɐ|}}}} is a country in the [[Baltic region]] of [[Europe]].{{efn|name=location|Various sources classify Lithuania differently for statistical and other purposes. For example, United Nations,<ref name="UN">{{cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/#geo-regions|title=United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)-Geographic Regions|website=Unstats.un.org|access-date=1 September 2017|archive-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170949/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/#geo-regions|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Eurovoc]] (which additionally classifies Lithuania as central and eastern European country),<ref>{{cite web|title=Lithuania - EU Vocabularies - Publications Office of the EU |url=https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/concept/-/resource?uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/5709&lang=en |website=op.europa.eu |access-date=9 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309144010/https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/concept/-/resource?uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/5709&lang=en |url-status=live}}</ref> among others, classify it as northern Europe. The [[European Commission]], [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] and the [[Columbia Encyclopedia]] place Lithuania in central Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.strasbourg-europe.eu/lithuania/|title=Lithuania|website=Europe Direct Strasbourg|access-date=16 December 2023|archive-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215192041/https://www.strasbourg-europe.eu/lithuania/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lithuania joins the Eurozone|url=https://www.ebrd.com/news/2014/lithuania-joins-the-eurozone.html|work=European Bank for Reconstruction and Development|access-date=16 December 2023|date=29 December 2014|last=Lehmann|first=Alex}}</ref><ref>Lagassé, Paul; Columbia University, eds. (2000). ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'' (6th ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7876-5015-5}}</ref> The [[CIA World Factbook]]<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|title=Lithuania|date=22 September 2021|access-date=24 January 2021|archive-date=22 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622180812/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/|url-status=dead}}</ref> classifies it as eastern Europe, and ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' locates it in northeastern Europe.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Lithuania|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lithuania|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=1 September 2017|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703032318/https://www.britannica.com/place/Lithuania|url-status=live}}</ref> Usage varies greatly, and controversially,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bershidsky|first1=Leonid|title=Why the Baltics Want to Move to Another Part of Europe|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-01-10/why-the-baltics-want-to-move-to-another-part-of-europe|access-date=1 September 2017|work=Bloomberg|date=10 January 2017|url-access=subscription|archive-date=17 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017213918/https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-01-10/why-the-baltics-want-to-move-to-another-part-of-europe|url-status=live}}</ref> in press sources.}} It is one of three [[Baltic states]] and lies on the eastern shore of the [[Baltic Sea]], bordered by [[Latvia]] to the north, [[Belarus]] to the east and south, [[Poland]] to the south, and the Russian [[exclave|semi-exclave]] of [[Kaliningrad Oblast]] to the southwest, with a [[Maritime boundary|maritime border]] with [[Sweden]] to the west. Lithuania covers an area of {{convert|65300|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, and has a population of 2.9 million. Its capital and largest city is [[Vilnius]]; other major cities include [[Kaunas]], [[Klaipėda]], [[Šiauliai]] and [[Panevėžys]]. [[Lithuanians]] are the [[titular nation]], belong to the ethnolinguistic group of [[Balts]], and speak [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]. For millennia, the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various [[Balts|Baltic tribes]]. In the 1230s, Lithuanian lands were united for the first time by [[Mindaugas]], who formed the [[Kingdom of Lithuania]] on 6 July 1253. Subsequent expansion and consolidation resulted in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], which by the 14th century was the largest country in Europe. In 1386, the grand duchy entered into a ''[[de facto]]'' [[personal union]] with the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland]]. The two realms [[Union of Lublin|were united]] into the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] in 1569, forming one of the largest and most prosperous states in Europe. The commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighbouring countries [[Partitions of Poland|gradually dismantled it]] between 1772 and 1795, with the [[Russian Empire]] [[Russian Partition|annexing]] most of Lithuania's territory. Towards the end of [[World War I]], Lithuania [[Act of Independence of Lithuania|declared independence]] in 1918, founding the modern Republic of Lithuania. In [[World War II]], Lithuania was occupied [[Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)|by the Soviet Union]], then [[German occupation of Lithuania during World War II|by Nazi Germany]], before being [[Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)|reoccupied by the Soviets]] in 1944. [[Lithuanian partisans|Lithuanian armed resistance]] to the Soviet occupation lasted until the early 1950s. On 11 March 1990, a year before the formal [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], Lithuania became the first Soviet republic to break away when it [[Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania|proclaimed the restoration of its independence]]. Lithuania is a [[developed country]] with a [[World Bank high-income economy|high-income]] and [[Economy of Lithuania|an advanced economy]] ranking very high in [[Human Development Index]]. Lithuania ranks highly in [[Digital platform (infrastructure)|digital infrastructure]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://investlithuania.com/news/lithuania-a-growing-cybersecurity-hub-for-global-businesses/|title=Lithuania – a growing cybersecurity hub for global businesses|website=Invest Lithuania|date=17 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://lithuania.lt/governance-in-lithuania/lithuania-rises-in-global-digital-competitiveness-ranking-leading-the-baltics/|title=Lithuania Rises in Global Digital Competitiveness Ranking, Leading the Baltics|website=lithuania.lt|date=26 November 2024}}</ref> [[World Press Freedom Index|press freedom]] and [[World Happiness Report|happiness]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2230346/lithuania-ranked-world-s-happiest-country-for-young-people|title=Lithuania ranked world's happiest country for young people|website=[[Lithuanian National Radio and Television]]|date=21 March 2024}}</ref> It is a member of the [[United Nations]], the [[European Union]], the [[Council of Europe]], the [[Council of the Baltic Sea States]], the [[Eurozone]], the [[Nordic Investment Bank]], the [[International Monetary Fund]], the [[Schengen Agreement]], [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and the [[World Trade Organization]]. It also participates in the [[Nordic-Baltic Eight]] (NB8) regional co-operation format. 2s8rv8g4ll1grh8cc4q30nwsgsd762f 108670 108669 2026-09-20T08:02:16Z Nomorecaptchawhat? 3135 108670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Country in Northern Europe}} {{About|the country}} {{Redirect|Litwa}} {{Redirect|Lietuva|newspapers under the name ''Lietuva''|Lietuva (newspaper)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republic of Lithuania | native_name = {{lang|lt|Lietuvos Respublika}} | common_name = Lithuania | image_flag = Flag of Lithuania.svg | alt_flag = Flag of Lithuania | image_coat = Coat of arms of Lithuania.svg | alt_coat = Coat of arms of Lithuania | national_anthem = {{lang|lt|[[Tautiška giesmė]]}}<br />"National Song"<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">{{center|[[File:Tautiška giesme instumental.ogg]]}}</div> | image_map = EU-Lithuania.svg | map_caption = {{map_caption |location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the European Union |subregion_color=green |legend=EU-Lithuania.svg}} | capital = [[Vilnius]] | coordinates = {{Coord|54|41|N|25|19|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Lithuania's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 2019 |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Lithuania_2006.pdf |website=Constitute Project |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=21 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221121506/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Lithuania_2006.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |82.1% [[Lithuanians]] |6.2% [[Poles in Lithuania|Poles]] |4.9% [[Russians in Lithuania|Russians]] |2.3% [[Ukrainians in Lithuania|Ukrainians]] |2.0% [[Belarusians in Lithuania|Belarusians]] |2.5% [[Ethnic minorities in Lithuania|others]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2026<ref>{{cite web|url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize|title=Rodiklių duomenų bazė - Oficialiosios statistikos portalas|website=osp.stat.gov.lt}}</ref> | religion_year = 2021<ref name="religion-stats">{{cite web|title=Population by religious community indicated, municipalities (2021)|url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?hash=dadee47b-9204-48d2-a55e-e125d581f1b6#/|publisher=[[Department of Statistics (Lithuania)|Statistics Lithuania]]|language=lt|access-date=2 January 2022|archive-date=2 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102180815/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?hash=dadee47b-9204-48d2-a55e-e125d581f1b6#/|url-status=live}}</ref> | religion = {{unbulleted list | {{Tree list}} * 79.4% [[Christianity]] ** 74.2% [[Catholic Church in Lithuania|Catholicism]] ** 5.2% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]] {{Tree list/end}} * 6.1% [[Irreligion|no religion]] * 0.8% [[Religion in Lithuania|others]] * 13.7% no answer}} | demonym = [[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]] | government_type = Unitary [[semi-presidential republic]]<ref name="Lina">{{cite book |last=Kulikauskienė |first=Lina |date=2002 |title=Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija |trans-title=The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania |language=lt |publisher=Native History, CD. |isbn=978-9986-9216-7-7 |quote=<!-- Please, provide a quotation if you have access to the book. -->}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Veser |first=Ernst |author-link=<!-- Ernst Veser --> |date=23 September 1997 |title=Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's Concept – A New Political System Model |url=http://www.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/publication/ebook/journal/11-01-1999/11_1_2.pdf |publisher=Department of Education, School of Education, [[University of Cologne]] |language=en, zh |pages=39–60 |access-date=23 August 2017 |quote=Duhamel has developed the approach further: He stresses that the French construction does not correspond to either parliamentary or the presidential form of government, and then develops the distinction of 'système politique' and 'régime constitutionnel'. While the former comprises the exercise of power that results from the dominant institutional practice, the latter is the totality of the rules for the dominant institutional practice of the power. In this way, France appears as 'presidentialist system' endowed with a 'semi-presidential regime' (1983: 587). By this standard he recognizes Duverger's ''pléiade'' as semi-presidential regimes, as well as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Lithuania (1993: 87). |archive-date=24 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424202059/https://www.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/publication/ebook/journal/11-01-1999/11_1_2.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Draft">{{cite journal |last=Shugart |first=Matthew Søberg |author-link=Matthew Søberg Shugart |date=September 2005 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns |url=http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf |journal=Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies |location=United States |publisher=University of California, San Diego |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819200307/http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2008 |access-date=23 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Dual">{{cite journal |last=Shugart |first=Matthew Søberg |author-link=Matthew Søberg Shugart |date=December 2005 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns |journal=French Politics |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] Journals |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=323–351 |doi=10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087 |doi-access=free |quote=A pattern similar to the French case of compatible majorities alternating with periods of cohabitation emerged in Lithuania, where Talat-Kelpsa (2001) notes that the ability of the Lithuanian president to influence government formation and policy declined abruptly when he lost the sympathetic majority in parliament. |issn=1476-3419}}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[President of Lithuania|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Gitanas Nausėda]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Lithuania|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Mindaugas Sinkevičius]] | leader_title3 = [[List of speakers of the Seimas|Seimas Speaker]] | leader_name3 = [[Juozas Olekas]] | legislature = [[Seimas]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Lithuania|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Name of Lithuania|First mentioned]] | established_date1 = 9 March 1009 | established_event2 = [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Grand Duchy]] | established_date2 = 1236 | established_event3 = Coronation of [[Mindaugas]] | established_date3 = 6 July 1253 | established_event4 = [[Union of Krewo|Union with Poland]] | established_date4 = 2 February 1386 | established_event5 = [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Commonwealth]] created | established_date5 = 1 July 1569 | established_event6 = [[Partitions of Poland|Partitioned]] | established_date6 = 24 October 1795 | established_event7 = [[Act of Independence of Lithuania|Independence reinstated]] | established_date7 = 16 February 1918 | established_event8 = [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet occupation]] | established_date8 = 16 June 1940 | established_event9 = [[Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania|Independence restored]] | established_date9 = 11 March 1990 | area_rank = 121st <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_km2 = 65,300<ref>[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-eurostat-news/-/edn-20180216-1 "Eurostat celebrates Lithuania". 16 February 2018.] ''[[Eurostat]]''. Retrieved 28 January 2025.</ref> | area_sq_mi = 25,212 <!-- Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers|WP:MOSNUM]] --> | percent_water = 1.98 (2015)<ref>{{cite web |title=Surface water and surface water change |access-date=11 October 2020 |publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |archive-date=24 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 2,897,430<ref>{{cite web |url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/pagrindiniai-salies-rodikliai |title=Pradžia – Oficialiosios statistikos portalas |website=osp.stat.gov.lt |access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 137th | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_density_km2 = 46 | population_density_sq_mi = 120 <!-- Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers|WP:MOSNUM]] --> | population_density_rank = 174th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $176,929 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.LT">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=512,914,612,171,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&s=NGDPDPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Lithuania) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=10 April 2024 |access-date=14 July 2024}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 87th | GDP_PPP_year = 2026 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $61,052<ref name="IMFWEO.LT" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 33th | GDP_nominal = {{Increase}} $105,907 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.LT" /> | GDP_nominal_rank = 77th | GDP_nominal_year = 2026 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $36,545<ref name="IMFWEO.LT" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 38th | Gini = 35.7 <!-- number only --> | Gini_ref = <ref name="eurogini">{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income|publisher=[[Eurostat]]|access-date=18 January 2025|archive-date=9 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109104627/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table|url-status=live}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | Gini_year = 2023 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | Gini_change = decrease <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | HDI = 0.895 <!-- number only --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2023/24|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=13 March 2024|access-date=13 March 2024|archive-date=13 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 39th | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] | utc_offset = +2 | time_zone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +3 | date_format = {{abbr|yyyy|year}}-{{abbr|mm|month}}-{{abbr|dd|day}}{{efn|Lithuania uses [[ISO 8601]] standard for date and time.}}<ref>{{cite web |author1=[[Office of the Chief Archivist of Lithuania]] |title=V-117 Dėl Dokumentų rengimo taisyklių patvirtinimo |url=https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/TAIS.403753/asr |website=e-seimas.lrs.lt |publisher=[[Seimas]] |access-date=6 December 2024 |language=lt-LT |date=4 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kaip trumpuoju būdu rašyti datą? |url=https://www.vlkk.lt/konsultacijos/657-data-datos-rasymas |website=vlkk.lt |publisher=[[Commission of the Lithuanian Language]] |access-date=6 December 2024 |language=lt-LT |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201173919/https://www.vlkk.lt/konsultacijos/657-data-datos-rasymas |archive-date=1 February 2022}}</ref> | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Lithuania|+370]] | cctld = [[.lt]] }} '''Lithuania''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en| audio = Lithuania pronunciation RP.ogg|ˌ|l|ɪ|θj|u|ˈ|eɪ|n|i|ə}} {{respell|LITH|ew|AY|nee|ə}};<ref>{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Daniel |author-link=Daniel Jones (phonetician) |editor1-last=Roach |editor1-first=Peter |editor2-last=Setter |editor2-first=Jane |editor2-link=Jane Setter |editor3-last=Esling |editor3-first=John |year=2011 |title=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary |edition=18th |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-15253-2 |title-link=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary}}</ref> {{native name|lt|Lietuva}} {{IPA|lt|lʲiətʊˈvɐ|}}}} officially the '''Republic of Lithuania''',{{efn|{{native name|lt|Lietuvos Respublika}} {{IPA|lt|lʲiətʊˈvoːs rʲɛsˈpʊblʲɪkɐ|}}}} is a country in the [[Baltic region]] of [[Europe]].{{efn|name=location|Various sources classify Lithuania differently for statistical and other purposes. For example, United Nations,<ref name="UN">{{cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/#geo-regions|title=United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)-Geographic Regions|website=Unstats.un.org|access-date=1 September 2017|archive-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170949/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/#geo-regions|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Eurovoc]] (which additionally classifies Lithuania as central and eastern European country),<ref>{{cite web|title=Lithuania - EU Vocabularies - Publications Office of the EU |url=https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/concept/-/resource?uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/5709&lang=en |website=op.europa.eu |access-date=9 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309144010/https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/concept/-/resource?uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/5709&lang=en |url-status=live}}</ref> among others, classify it as northern Europe. The [[European Commission]], [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] and the [[Columbia Encyclopedia]] place Lithuania in central Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.strasbourg-europe.eu/lithuania/|title=Lithuania|website=Europe Direct Strasbourg|access-date=16 December 2023|archive-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215192041/https://www.strasbourg-europe.eu/lithuania/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lithuania joins the Eurozone|url=https://www.ebrd.com/news/2014/lithuania-joins-the-eurozone.html|work=European Bank for Reconstruction and Development|access-date=16 December 2023|date=29 December 2014|last=Lehmann|first=Alex}}</ref><ref>Lagassé, Paul; Columbia University, eds. (2000). ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'' (6th ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7876-5015-5}}</ref> The [[CIA World Factbook]]<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|title=Lithuania|date=22 September 2021|access-date=24 January 2021|archive-date=22 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622180812/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/|url-status=dead}}</ref> classifies it as eastern Europe, and ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' locates it in northeastern Europe.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Lithuania|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lithuania|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=1 September 2017|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703032318/https://www.britannica.com/place/Lithuania|url-status=live}}</ref> Usage varies greatly, and controversially,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bershidsky|first1=Leonid|title=Why the Baltics Want to Move to Another Part of Europe|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-01-10/why-the-baltics-want-to-move-to-another-part-of-europe|access-date=1 September 2017|work=Bloomberg|date=10 January 2017|url-access=subscription|archive-date=17 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017213918/https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-01-10/why-the-baltics-want-to-move-to-another-part-of-europe|url-status=live}}</ref> in press sources.}} It is one of three [[Baltic states]] and lies on the eastern shore of the [[Baltic Sea]], bordered by [[Latvia]] to the north, [[Belarus]] to the east and south, [[Poland]] to the south, and the Russian [[exclave|semi-exclave]] of [[Kaliningrad Oblast]] to the southwest, with a [[Maritime boundary|maritime border]] with [[Sweden]] to the west. Lithuania covers an area of {{convert|65300|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, and has a population of 2.9 million. Its capital and largest city is [[Vilnius]]; other major cities include [[Kaunas]], [[Klaipėda]], [[Šiauliai]] and [[Panevėžys]]. [[Lithuanians]] are the [[titular nation]], belong to the ethnolinguistic group of [[Balts]], and speak [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]. For millennia, the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various [[Balts|Baltic tribes]]. In the 1230s, Lithuanian lands were united for the first time by [[Mindaugas]], who formed the [[Kingdom of Lithuania]] on 6 July 1253. Subsequent expansion and consolidation resulted in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], which by the 14th century was the largest country in Europe. In 1386, the grand duchy entered into a ''[[de facto]]'' [[personal union]] with the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland]]. The two realms [[Union of Lublin|were united]] into the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] in 1569, forming one of the largest and most prosperous states in Europe. The commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighbouring countries [[Partitions of Poland|gradually dismantled it]] between 1772 and 1795, with the [[Russian Empire]] [[Russian Partition|annexing]] most of Lithuania's territory. Towards the end of [[World War I]], Lithuania [[Act of Independence of Lithuania|declared independence]] in 1918, founding the modern Republic of Lithuania. In [[World War II]], Lithuania was occupied [[Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)|by the Soviet Union]], then [[German occupation of Lithuania during World War II|by Nazi Germany]], before being [[Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)|reoccupied by the Soviets]] in 1944. [[Lithuanian partisans|Lithuanian armed resistance]] to the Soviet occupation lasted until the early 1950s. On 11 March 1990, a year before the formal [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], Lithuania became the first Soviet republic to break away when it [[Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania|proclaimed the restoration of its independence]]. Lithuania is a [[developed country]] with a [[World Bank high-income economy|high-income]] and [[Economy of Lithuania|an advanced economy]] ranking very high in [[Human Development Index]]. Lithuania ranks highly in [[Digital platform (infrastructure)|digital infrastructure]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://investlithuania.com/news/lithuania-a-growing-cybersecurity-hub-for-global-businesses/|title=Lithuania – a growing cybersecurity hub for global businesses|website=Invest Lithuania|date=17 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://lithuania.lt/governance-in-lithuania/lithuania-rises-in-global-digital-competitiveness-ranking-leading-the-baltics/|title=Lithuania Rises in Global Digital Competitiveness Ranking, Leading the Baltics|website=lithuania.lt|date=26 November 2024}}</ref> [[World Press Freedom Index|press freedom]] and [[World Happiness Report|happiness]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2230346/lithuania-ranked-world-s-happiest-country-for-young-people|title=Lithuania ranked world's happiest country for young people|website=[[Lithuanian National Radio and Television]]|date=21 March 2024}}</ref> It is a member of the [[United Nations]], the [[European Union]], the [[Council of Europe]], the [[Council of the Baltic Sea States]], the [[Eurozone]], the [[Nordic Investment Bank]], the [[International Monetary Fund]], the [[Schengen Agreement]], [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and the [[World Trade Organization]]. It also participates in the [[Nordic-Baltic Eight]] (NB8) regional co-operation format. itc4pabaf6xf6h8v77cmp1upds3ghmv