Wikipedia tswiki https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlukankulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.2 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4659 41632 36767 2026-05-20T00:14:24Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Muqombhoti | Xifaniso = Umqombothi.jpg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Mugayo; Comela }} '''Muqombhoti''' i byalwa bya ndhavuko wa Vatsonga lebyi a byi swekiwa hi ku hlanganisa mati, mugayo na comela.Byalwa lebyi loko byi vupfile i bya muhlovo wo basa wo rhomba. Byi nwiwa hi vakhegula na va khalabye, byalwa lebyi byi kombiwa vini va muti tanihi nsumo. Va hlengeletana ehubyeni vanwa. Muqombhoti a wu vabyisi.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Murray|first1=Slater|title=Umqombothi: Africas original beer|url=http://www.beerhouse.co.za/2014/10/30/umqombothi-africas-original-sorghum-beer/|publisher=Beerhouse|accessdate=5 June 2017|archive-date=2 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602034304/http://www.beerhouse.co.za/2014/10/30/umqombothi-africas-original-sorghum-beer/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-05|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Muqombhoti wu swekiwa hi ku sungula u tlhokola mavele, u tshivela ndzilo, kutani u tseleka poto ra mati ri khihlanyana. Loko mati ya vila musweki u nusa mugayo hi xiphaho a chela endzeni ka xirhundzu xi tala,kutani a ya chela endzeni ka xihari/diromu kutani a nusa comela hi xiphaho a chela endzeni ka xihari/diromu. Musweki u ka mati yo vila a cheletela endzeni ka diromu leri anga chela mugayo na comela, kutani musweki a teka mhandze a hakasela. Musweki u cheletela mati lawa a ri karhi a hakasa ku kondza swi vevuka ku fana na bilila/dini.<ref name=":0" /> Loko swi vevukile u swi tshika nkarhiwo ringana awara yin’we swi hola. Loko swi horile, musweki u nusa comela hi ntewana a chela endzeni ka diromu, ivi a hakasela ku kondza swi hlangana. Loko swi hlanganile, u funengeta a swi veka siku hinkwaro. Loko ri xa siku leri landzelaka, u ta funungula a languta loko swi kukumukile, kutani a ringeta loko swi dzunga. Loko swi dzunga swi ta vula leswaku swi ta va swi virile, kasi loko swi nga dzungi, swi ta va swi vula leswaku a swi vilangi, kutani swi ta fanela ku vekiwa nakambe ku fikela loko u swi ringeta swi twala swi dzunga.<ref name=":0" /> Loko swi virile muswekiu ta tseleka poto exitikweni, kutani a teka ndzheko a ka mati endzeni ka diromu reriya hi nga chela mugayo, comela na mati eka rona. Musweki u fanele ku vona leswaku u ka mati ntsena, a nga tshuki a ka na swindlingi. Mati lawa u ya chela endzeni ka poto leri nga xitikweni. Loko mati ya vila u teka swidlingi leswi saleke endzeni ka diromu a cheletela endzeni ka poto a ri karhi u hakasela hi mhandze leswaku swi nga tshweli. Musweki u fanele ku hakasa ku kondza swi phyaphyarha ku fana na mukapu.<ref name=":0" /> Loko swi vupfile u ta vona hi loko swi veka rikoko epotweni.Mukapu lowu wu vitaniwa leswaku i phiriva.Musweki u teka ndzheko a ka mukapu wutsongo endzeni ka poto a wu tota endzeni ka diromu leri a ri ri na ntsuvi ku endlela leswaku ntsuvi lowu nga salela wu suka.<ref name=":0" /> Musweki u fanele ku kelela phiriva endzeni ka poto, a cheletela endzeni ka makhuwana, kutani a ya veka ya hola ku ringana siku. Loko rixa hi xamundzuku, musweki u ta teka phiriva emakhuwaneni a chela endzeni ka diromu, kutani a chela ntewana wa comela a hakasela ku kondza swi hlangana. Loko swi hlanganile a funengeta a veka ku ringana siku. Loko ri xa mundzuku swi ta vonaka hi ku huma khuvi leswaku swi virile. Loko swi virile, a teka sefo ya byalwa a veka ehenhla ka poto, ivi a chela byalwa lebyi nga endzeni ka diromu, kutani a kandza endzeni ka sefo hi mavoko.<ref name=":0" /> Loko musweki a ri karhi a kandza byalwa byi ta wela endzeni ka poto, kutani ku sala masiha endzeni ka sefo. Masiha lawa u ta ma kama ivi a ma chela etlhelo leswaku a ta nyika tinguluve ti dya. Endlelo leri ro kandza endzeni ka sefo hi mavoko ri vuriwa leswaku i ku hluta. Byalwa lebyi nga hlutiwa byi pangeteriwa emakhuwanini, ivi byi nwiwa.Ku tirhisiwa mindzheko ku ka ivi byi cheriwa endzeni ka jomela byi nwiwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xitsonga}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] 7l9athbiqw9d71wczo30efswbz2rt7e 0 4662 41631 29248 2026-05-20T00:14:17Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Mukhubi | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Chukele ro tshwuka; Vudyangwana }} '''Mukhubi''' i byalwa lebyi byi swekiwaka hi ku hlanganisa vudyangwana, chukele ro tshwuka na mati. Mukhubi iwo basa wu ku paa! Byalwa lebyi a byi rhandziwa hi vafana na majahantiyela. Byalwa lebya mukhubi hi nga byi fananisa na tibiya masiku lawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Loko u lava ku sweka mukhubi u fanele ku rhanga u tlhokola mavele leswaku ku ta huma vudyangwana lebyi u nga ta sweka mukhubi wa wena hi byona. Musweki u teka vudyangwana a chela endzeni ka khuwana, ivi a chela mati a swi veka swi vila. Loko a vona swi huma khuvi swi ta vula leswaku swi virile.<ref name=":0" /> Loko swi virile, ateka poto a tseleka exitikweni, ivi a ya ka mati ntsena le ndzeni ka khuwana leri a nga hlanganisa vudyangwana na mati. Mati lawa u ya chela endzeni ka poto ya vila. Loko ya virile musweki a nusa chukele ro tshwuka hi xinkambani a chela epotweni swi vila. Musweki u fanele ku hakasela leswaku swi ta kota ku hlangana. Loko swi hlanganile swi ta sungula ku phyaphyarha.Musweki u ta swi tshika swi phyaphyarha ku kondza swi vupfa, kutani a phula a swi veka swi hola. Loko ri xa mundzuku a chela swicomelana switsongo hi xandla, ivi a hakasa.<ref name=":0" /> Loko swi hlanganile musweki u ta teka sefo u veka ehenhla ka poto. Loko ari karhi a chela mati ya ta wela endzeni ka poto, ivi ku sala vudyangwana endzeni ka sefo. Ku ta va kona loko mukhubi wu vupfile. Mukhubi na wona wu pangeriwa endzeni ka makhuwana, ivi wu keleriwa hi ndzheko wu cheriwa endzeni ka majomela leswaku vanhu va tinwela.<ref name=":0" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] 6wzy86l7g8jehrrvswyzrtx0hxwtv9l 0 4663 41640 29250 2026-05-20T00:18:30Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Thothotho | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Chukele ro tshwuka; Comela }} '''Thothotho''' i byalwa lebyi swekiwaka hi ku hlanganisa comela, mati na chukele ro tshwuka. Thothotho yi fananisiwa ni byalwa lebyi hi xilungu vange i Brendi. Byalwa lebyi a byi rhandza hi tinghamula na magayisa. Byalwa lebyi a byi ri na muhlovo wonge i mati.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Thothotho yi swekiwa hi ku loveka mati, comela na chukele ro tshwuka endzeni ka mbita, ivi u funengeta. Leswi swi hambanile na muqombhoti na mukhubi hikuva swi vekiwa nkarhi wo ringana mavhiki mambirhi leswaku swi vila kasi leswin’wana a swo vekiwa siku rin’we ntsena. Endzhaku ka mavhiki mambirhi u ta teka xidiron’wana u tseleka endzilweni, kutani u chela leswi nga ndzeni ka mbita, u lava xindzhenghana u pfala, ivi u teka vulongo bya tihomu kumbe misava u lema xipfalo leswaku ku nga humi moya na wutsongo.<ref name=":0" /> Musweki u ta boxa xidiron’wana etsheveni ximbhovana lexitsongo xo ringana rihlanga, kutani u teka rihlanga u hoxa endzeni ka ximbhovana. Rihlanga leri ri fanele ku humela na le handle hi ximbhovana, ehansi ka rihlanga u kangatela hi ximbitana. Loko swi vila ku ta dzuka nyuku le ndzeni ka xidiron’wana, kutani wu ta khuluka hi rihlanga wu thonela embiteni. Loko swi sungula ku nthona, vanhu va fanele ku suka va ya tshama ekule hikuva va ri ni ku tshemba ka leswaku thothotho a yi lavi pongo. Swi nga nthona dyambu hinkwaro hikuva swo nthona hi rithonsi rin’werin’we.<ref name=":0" /> Thothotho yi nwiwa hi xipfalo xa bodhlela. Lexi hlamarisaka hileswaku hambi leswi ku nga cheriwa chukele a swi tsokombeli. Thothotho yi bava ngopfu swinene. Loko thothotho yi vupfile yi va yi basile yi lo paa! Loko thothotho yi xavisiwa yi cheriwa endzeni ka mabodhlela ya tinipi kumbe tihafujeke. Ku vuriwa leswaku ku nwa xipfalo xin’we ntsena u ta va u lunghile. Ku tlula kwalaho u ta xurha nkarhi wo leha.<ref name=":0" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] h1eisjvaiic8fe7kiykd83z8wl3x1n1 0 4664 41629 30783 2026-05-20T00:11:55Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Mbhambha | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Chukele ro tshwuka; Xinkwa; Xihenge }} '''Mbhambha''' i byalwa bya xintu lebyi swekiwaka hi ku hlanganisiwa mati, chukele ro tshwuka, xinkwa na xihenge. Byalwa lebyi a byi bhava swinene na swona lava a va byi nwa ngopfu a va vonaka hi ku tshukuluka milomu. Muhlovo wa byalwa lebyi i wo tshuka wu ku juu! Byalwa lebyi a byi nwa hi vakhalabye na vakhegula.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Mbhambha yi swekiwa hi ku tseleka mati endzeni ka poto, kutani ku cheriwa xihenge na chukele ro tshwuka. Musweki u fanele ku swi tshika swi vila swinene leswaku swi nga pandzisi vanhu tinhloko. Loko swi virile musweki u fanele a pfula a swi veka leswaku swi hola.Loko swi horile musweki u ta teka malofo yambirhi ya swinkwa swa buraweni u pfuvapfuva a chela endzeni ka poto, kutani a nusa comela hi xinkambana a chela, kutani u funengeta. Loko swi virile u ta vona hiloko swi huma khuvi swi sungula ku phukula. Musweki ata teka sefo ya byalwa, kutani a hluta a chela ekhuwanini. Mbhambha yi cheriwa exikalweni hi ndzheko yi nwiwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xitsonga}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] ivlxbw9z0n3pngb36m5o0vzwu4sao3c 0 4665 41637 29264 2026-05-20T00:16:55Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Nyota | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Mukapu; Comela ra n’wahuva }} '''Nyota''' Nyota i byalwa lebyi endliwaka hi ku sweka mukapu hi comela ra n’wahuva. Loko wu horile u ka muqombhoti u cheletela u ri karhi u hakasela. Loko swi hlanganile u ta swi veka kutani hi siku leri landzelaka swi ta va swi virile swi huma khuvi. Loko swi humile khuvi, u ta pangela ekhuwanini u nwa. Loko byi ku bile u ta tsandzeka no yima..<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] pq40al56v00mn9caprh4y3d1r339d53 0 4667 41643 29265 2026-05-20T00:20:10Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Xifenukani | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Madleke yo bava ngopfu }} '''Xifenukani''' i byalwa lebyi endliwaka hi madleke yo bava ngopfu. I byalwa lebyi endliweke hi ku pfuva vuswa byi swekiwa byi pyapyara. Muhlovo wu fana na [[muqombhoti]]. Ku hambana ka wona na muqombhoti hileswaku, xifenukani xi endliwa namuntlha mundzuku wu nwiwa, kasi muqombhoti wu heta vhiki wa ha swekiwa. Xifenukani xi rhandza hi vakhalabye na vakhegula..<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Xifenukani xi endliwa hi ku pfuva vuswa u kandzela hi comela, kutani swi vila swi vuriwa leswaku i madleke. Madleke lawa ya tshikiwa ya vila ku kondza ya bava ya nga ha nweki hikuva ya hetile masikunyana. Ku suka kona musweki a tshivela ndzilo u tseleka madleke hi poto ya vila. Loko ya sungula ku phyaphyarha u ta ma phula leswaku ya ta hola.Loko swi horile musweki a chela comela a hakasela swi kondza swi hlangana.Loko swi hanganile kahle a swi veka swi etlela ku fika mundzuku ka kona.<ref name=":0" /> Hi siku leri landzelaka musweki u teka sefo ya byalwa ahluta a cheletela emakhuwanini, ku suka kona byi cheriwa emajomeleni hi ndzheko, ivi byi nwiwa. Vito leri ra xifenukani ri tumbuluke eka ku va byalwa lebyi byi hundzukile ku suka eka madleke byi hundzuka byalwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] 4mmxbfp46lui2ukghcnk5usj2tfohlj 0 4669 41634 29268 2026-05-20T00:14:39Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Nghwevu | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Chukele ro tshwuka; Swivirisi; Muqombhoti }} '''Nghwevu''' i byalwa lebyi endliwaka hi ku hlanganisa chukele ro tshwuka, swivirisi na [[muqombhoti]]. Nghwevu iwo basa wu ku paa! Byalwa lebyi a byi a byi rhandza hi vavhana na majahantiyela. Vanhu lava a va ku a va nwi muqombhoti hikuva wu nunhwisa milomo. Byalwa lebya nghwevu hi nga byi fananisa na tibiya masiku lawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Nghwevu wu swekiwa hi ku ka mati u chela endzeni ka khuwana ri kihlanya, kutani u teka xinkambana xa chukele ro tshwuka u chela na swivirisi kumbe khuvi ra muqombhoti. Musweki u tlhela a teka comela a chela a hakasela hi mhandze ku kondza swi hlangana kahle. Loko swi hlanganile a swi veka swi vila nkarhinyana endzhaku ka nkarhi swi ta va swi virile. Leswi a swi teki nkarhi wo leha hikuva swi endliwa namuntlha swi tlhela swi nwiwa namuntlha. Byalwa lebyi byi tala ku endliwa loko ko tshika ku fike vayeni hi xihatla va nga languteriwangi hikuva na byona byi endliwa hi xihatla.<ref name=":0" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] pkrmz5col7yfmfp5af3mp0sncepuih5 0 4670 41633 36582 2026-05-20T00:14:31Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Ncayoni | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Chukele ro tshwuka; Comela; Swivirisi }} '''Ncayoni''' i byalwa lebyi endliwaka hi chukele ro tshwuka, mati, comela na swivirisi. Ncayoni iwo basa wu ku paa! Byalwa lebyi na byo a byi rhandza hi vavhana na majaha ntiyela ku fana na [[Nghwevu]]. Ncayoni na yona hi nga yi fananisa na tibiya masiku lawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Ncayoni yi swekiwa hi ku chela mati endzeni ka khuwana kutani u teka chukele ro tshwuka u chela. Loko u cherile u ta ya lava khuvi ra muqombhoti u chela u teka na comela xitsongo u chela, kutani u swi hakasela swi hlanganana. Loko swi hlanganile u ta swi tshika xinkadyana, endzhaku u ya languta loko ku nga humi khuvi. Loko ku tlhutlha khuvi swi vula leswaku swa vila, kutani u teka comela hi xandla u chela u hakasela, u tlhela u swi veka. Ncayoni na yona ya yelana na nghwevu hikuva na yona yi endliwa namuntlha yi tlhela yi nwiwa namuntlha.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://laboutiquedesindes.fr/ la boutique des indes] | iindawo zokuthenga ezigqwesileyo eFransi</ref> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] ru3jaifwc8nzsn7ru2mmv9a02w4aq59 0 4671 41645 37253 2026-05-20T00:20:28Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Ximpharamele | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Mugayo; Comela }} '''Ximpharamele''' i byalwa lebyi endliwaka hi mugayo, chukele na comela.Ximpharamele i xo basa xi ku paa! Byalwa lebyi a byi rhandza hi vavhana na majahantiyela. Vanhu lava a va ku a va nwi muqombhoti hikuva wu nunhwisa milomo. Byalwa lebya xipharamele hi nga byi fananisa na tibiya masiku lawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Ximpharamele xi swekiwa hi ku loveka hi mugayo endzeni ka mbita ku fana na loko u endla bilila/dini. Loko ri xa hi xamundzuku bilila yi ta va yi bava. Loko swi bava swi vuriwa leswaku swi virile, kutani u sweka mukapu. Mukapu lowu wu fanele ku phyaphyarha ku kondza ku vonaka rikoko epotweni. Leswi swi ta va swi vula leswaku wu vupfile, kutani u nusa comela hi xandla u chela u hakasela ku kondza swi hlangana.<ref name=":0" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] lcqobw1x6tnp72920hbqtmztsvueaa5 0 4672 41644 29267 2026-05-20T00:20:19Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Xikhalavatlana | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Chukele ro tshwuka; Khalavatla; Swivirisi }} '''Xikhalavatlana''' i byalwa lebyi swekiwaka hi nkarhi wa ntshovelo emasin’wini hi ku hlanganisa khalavatla, chukele ro tshwuka na swivirisi. Muhlovo wa byalwa lebyi i wo tswhuka. Byalwa lebyi a byi vevukile ku fana na mati. Byalwa lebyi a byi rhandza hi vavhana na majaha ntiyela.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Xikhalavatlani xi swekiwa hi ku pandzelela makhalavatla lawa ya nga vupfa kutani u teka mahlobyi ya kona u cheletela ekhuwanini.U ta nusa chukele ro tshwuka hi xinkambana u chela endzeni ka khuwana kutani u hakasela hi nkombe.Tlhela u chela swivirisi endzeni ka khuwana u hakasela. Loko swi hlanganile u ta funengeta u swi veka ku fikela mundzuku. Loko ri xa u ta kuma swi ri karhi swi tlhutlha khuvi, kutani u teka sefo u hluta. Byalwa bya kona hi lebyo tshwuka byi ku juu! Kwalaho byi ta cheleteriwa endzeni ka majomela byi nwiwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] 7ipwrqvv7x7sjmcidezetzstxm1gea3 0 4673 41646 29270 2026-05-20T00:20:43Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Xipopana | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Mapopo yo vupfa; Chukele ro tshwuka; Swivirisi }} '''Xipopana''' xi endliwa hi mapopo yo vupfa, chukele ro tshwuka na swivirisi. Byalwa lebyi byi halaka ku fana na mati, kambe wu na muhlovo wa xitshopi. Byalwa lebyi a byi rhandza hi vafana na majaha ntiyela.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Xipopana xi swekiwa hi ku vandla mapopo yo vupfa, kutani u ma tsemelela u chela endzeni ka khuwana, ivi u chela chukele na swivirisi. U fanele u fungeta u veka ku fikela mundzuku. Loko ri xa swi tlhutlha khuvi, swi ta va swi vula leswaku swi virile, kutani u teka sefo u hluta u chela endzeni ka jomela byi nwiwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] h9objc4di3md91phlfunp0let80pkdl 0 4674 41647 29271 2026-05-20T00:22:04Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Xiriwana | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Mapopo yo vupfa; Chukele ro tshwuka; Swivirisi }} '''Xiriwana''' Xiriwana na xona i byalwa lebyi endliwaka hi nkarhi wa ntshovelo hi mariwa, chukele na swivirisi. Byalwa lebyi byi halaka ku fana na mati, kambe byi na muhlovo wa xitshopi. Byalwa lebyi byi nwiwa hi vafana na majahantiyela.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Xiriwana xi swekiwa hi ku pandzelela mariwa u teka mahlobyi ya wona u chela endzeni ka khuwana u chela na chukele ro tshwuka hi xinkambana, kutani u chela swivirisi u funengeta u veka ku fikela hi xamundzuku. Loko ri xa swi ta va swi tlhutlha khuvi ku komba leswaku swi virile, kutani u teka sefo u hluta ivi byi nwiwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] 8edo7po0snkx27fa5y9t0q33e5xw8zo 0 4675 41627 29276 2026-05-20T00:04:48Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Dzova | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Makanyi }} '''Dzova''' i muxaka wa byala bya vukanyi lebyi nga baviki. Vukanyi lebyi bya tsokombela naswona ku vuriwa leswaku a wu xurhi loko u nwa byona. Vanhwanyana va byi rhandza ngopfu vukanyi lebyi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Loko u endla dzova, u rhwalela makanyi u ya hlengeletela kutani loko ya vuphile, u rhumbula u chela endzeni ka khuwana, u chela mati u ri karhi u chela na tinyungu endzeni ka khuwana. Loko u hetile ku rhumbula, u fanele u lava khuwana rin’wana, kutani u kama tinyungu endzeni ka rona. Ku suka kwalaho u teka rifetho u dludla endzeni ka khuwana u ri karhi u cheletela na mati yo ringanela. Endzhaku u veka rifetho kutani u phosa hi mavoko ku fikela loko tinyungu ti sala ti basile.<ref name=":0" /> Muendli wa dzova u fanele ku kama tinyungu u veka etlhelo u funengeta khuwana ku fika mundzuku. Loko rixa, byi ta va byi hume khuvi, kutani u wungula khuvi u halata ku sala dzova ro tsokombela, vanhu va tinwela.<ref name=":0" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] slco9vxj2653kifdh1cewt9umz1y631 0 4676 41636 36583 2026-05-20T00:16:48Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Nyatshani | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Makanyi }} '''Nyatshani''' i muxaka wa byala bya vukanyi. Vukanyi lebyi bya bavanyana.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Loko u endla nyatshani, u rhwalela makanyi u ya hlengeleta ya vupfa. Loko ya vupfile, u teka foroko u ya rhumbula u chela endzeni ka khuwana. U ta chela nhlowa na tinyungu endzeni ka khuwana, kutani loko u hetile ku rhumbula u ta teka khuwana rin’wana u kama tinyungu leti nga ndzeni ka khuwana ro sungula u kamela endzeni ka khuwana ra vumbirhi. Endzhaku u ta chela mati na nhlowa, u teka rifetho u dludla, ku suka kwalaho u phosa hi mavoko endzeni ka khuwana. Loko tinyungu ti basile, u ti kama u ti veka etlhelo kutani u funengeta khuwana u ri veka ku fikela mundzuku. Loko ri xa khuwana ri ta va ri tale hi khuvi laha henhla, kutani u ta wungula khuvi u cukumeta, kutani u funengeta nakambe ku fikela siku ra vumbirhi. Hi siku leri vukanyi byi ta va byi bavanyana, kutani byi keriwa hi swinkambana byi nwiwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://laboutiquedesindes.fr/ la boutique des indes] | iindawo zokuthenga ezigqwesileyo eFransi</ref> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] 2pluftsnmgvet0qx8558ahjac9tz23f 0 4677 41630 36581 2026-05-20T00:12:38Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Mpahlwa | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Makanyi }} '''Mpahlwa''' i muxaka wa byala bya vukanyi lebyo bava ngopfu. Ku kuma swinkambana swimbirhi u to twa munhu a suma risimu ku komba leswaku u swi twile.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Muendli wa mpalwa u sugula a rhwalela makanyi u ya hlengeleta ya vupfa, kutani u teka foroko u ya rhumbula, u cheletela endzeni ka khuwana. Cheletela nhlowa na tinyungu endzeni ka khuwana rin’we. Loko u hetile ku rhumbula, kama tinyungu u ti chela endzeni ka khuwana rin’wana, u teka rifetho u dludla, endzhaku u chela mati na nhlowa u phosa hi mavoko ku kala tinyungu ti basa. Kwalaho u ta funengeta u veka ku fikela mundzuku. Loko ri xa u ta susa khuvi leri nga ta va ri ri henhla ka khuwana u ri cukumeta kutani u funengeta ku ringana masiku mambirhi. Loko u byi pfula, byi ta va byi basile byi lo paa!<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://laboutiquedesindes.fr/ la boutique des indes] | iindawo zokuthenga ezigqwesileyo eFransi</ref> Lebyi vukanyi loko wo byi welawela byi ta ku ba byi ku lata hansi. A byi bavi i tanani mi ta vona.Na byona byi keriwa hi swinkambana, byi nwiwa. A hi tinsimu ti nga ta yimbeleriwa no ciniwa loko se va byi twile.<ref name=":0" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] rd2ak3phosmgf9i5v3xqilxcwxmnpds 0 4678 41638 29279 2026-05-20T00:17:04Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Phipha | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Makanyi; vuswa; Comela ra n’wahuva }} '''Phipha''' i muxaka wa byala bya vukanyi lebyi endliwaka hi vuswa, comela ra n’wahuva na vukanyi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Sweka vuswa byi vupfa.Loko byi vupfile u byi pfuva hi mati ku kondza byi olova tanihi mukapu. Kana vukanyi u chela u ri karhi u hakasela hi nkombe swi kala swi hlangana. Loko swi hlanganile, chela comela xa n’wahuva hi xinkambanau ri karhi u hakasela leswaku swi ta hlangana. Swi veke ku ringana masiku mambirhi, endzhaku swi ta va swi virile. Vukanyi lebyi byi xurhisa ngopfu na byona. Loko wo byi nwa ngopfu byi pandzisa na nhloko.<ref name=":0" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] 9azm6srx0cl9vn157du6fpojslagkif 0 4679 41641 36580 2026-05-20T00:19:13Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Vukanyi | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Makanyi; }} '''Vukanyi''' i muxaka wa byala bya xintu lebyi endliwaka hi makanyi. Kuna tinxaka ta mune ta vukanyi, kunga [[Dzova]]; [[Nyatshani]]; [[Mpahlwa]] na [[Phipha]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Maswekelo== Muendli wa vukanyi u fanele a rhwalela makanyi kutani u ma hlengeleta ya vupfa. Loko ya vupfile, u ta teka mbita u teka na foroko a tlhava kanyi hi rin’werin’we, a cheletela embiteni. Loko u ri karhi u chela embiteni, u kama mati lawa ya vuriwaka leswaku i nhlowa, u kamela kwale mbiteni, u ri karhi u chela na tinyungu kwale ndzeni ka mbita. Loko a hetile u ta teka khuwana u susa tinyungu endzeni ka mbita u ti chela endzeni ka khuwana u siya nhlowa ntsena endzeni ka mbita.<ref name=":0" /> Muendli wa vukanyi u teka rifetho u dludla endzeni ka khuwana leri nga ni tinyungu, kutani a chela mati hi katsongotsongo qa dludla, endzhaku u hoxa mavoko endzeni ka khuwana, u pfuvapfuva tinyungu, leswi vuriwaka leswaku i ku phosa. Phosa ku kondza tinyungu ti sala ti nga ha ri na nchumu. Leswi swi ta va swi vula leswaku se ti vupfile. Loko byi vupfile, kama tinyungu u ti veka etlhelo ku sala mati.<ref name=":0" /> Kutani muendli wa vukanyi a teka nhlowa luwa le ndzeni ka mbita a chela endzeni ka khuwana kutani u funengeta u swi veka ku fikela mundzuku. Loko ri xa u ta kuma swi humese khuvi, kutani u ri wungula laha henhla u cukumeta ku sala vukanyi byo tsokombela lebyi vuriwaka dzova. Loko vukanyi lebyi byi nga vekiwa ku fikela mundzuku byi sungula ku bava, vukanyi lebyi bavaka byi vuriwa nyatshani, kasi hi siku ra vunharhu vukanyi byi va byi bava ngopfu, kutani byona lebyi byi vitaniwa leswaku i mpahlwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://laboutiquedesindes.fr/ la boutique des indes] | iindawo zokuthenga ezigqwesileyo eFransi</ref> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] 5umdhzlchf0clfv1th917pvpt2s7jop 0 4694 41635 29345 2026-05-20T00:14:43Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byala| | Vito = Vukanyi | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Makanyi; }} '''Nhlowa''' i muxaka wa byala bya xintu lebyi endliwaka hi makanyi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-07-10|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ku hambana na [[Vukanyi]], byala lebyi a byi cheriwi mati, byi endliwa hi mati ya makanyi ntsena.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref> == Maswekelo == Loko ku rhumburiwa nhlowa ku cheriwa mati, ku humesiwa tinyungu ti kamiwa kutani ti humesa mati ya makanyi ntsena. A ku cheriwi mati eka nhlowa. Ku cheriwa ntsena mati ya makanyi emakhuwanini kutani eka siku leri landzelaka ku rhumburiwa makanyi ku kondza ku tatiwa khuwana. Nhlowa wu vekiwa ekhuwanini ku ringana vhiki ra ha vila. Muhlovo wa nhlowa loko wu virile, i wa muhlovo wo tshwuka juu! Ku vunguriwa hi mitshetsho ya mavele kumbe hi nsefo byi sala byi nga ha ri na khuvi leswaku byi nwiwa kahle hi vanhu.<ref name=":1" /> == Mahlayisele == Nhlowa a wu boli, wu tlhela wu dakwisana swinene. Loko nhlowa wu rhumburiwile wu cheriwa ekhuwanini, wu tlhela wu celeriwa emisaveni wu pfariwa hi ndhichi. Mbita ya kona yi va yi celeriwile ehansi ka nsinya. Khuwana ra kona ri va ri pfariwile hi ndyelo leyi yi lemiwaka hi vulongo bya tihomu. Vukanyi bya nhlowa bya heta lembe, ku kondza byi ya humesiwa hi khisimusi endzhakuka loko magayisa ma vuyile hi le xilungwini.<ref name=":1" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Byala bya Xichangana}} [[Category:Byala]] [[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]] 5i442fnvbttwc79w3z8r0d40ibkb2i5 0 4843 41626 38324 2026-05-19T23:59:28Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41626 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0em 0em; width: 20em; text-align: right; padding: 0.5em 2em; font-size: 0.86em; line-height: normal;"><!-- start of floated right section --> <div style="border: 1px solid #ccd2d9; background: #f0f6fa; text-align: left; padding: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center;"><!-- start of slate grey box --> <big>'''Anthakthika'''</big> <div align=center> [[File:Antarctica (orthographic projection).svg|180px|Mepe wa misava lowu kombaka tiko-nkulu ra Anthakthika]] </div> {| style="background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" ! style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Vundhzawu | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | 14,000,000km² |- ! style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Ntsengo wa vanhu | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | 5,000 vaxinkarhana |} </div></div> '''Antakthika''' i tiko-nkulu leri nge dzongeni wa [[misava]]. mhandzi-nkokelo ya le dzongeni bya misava yikumeka eka tiko-nkulu leri, naswona rirhendzeriwe hi lwandle ra le Dzongeni. Tiko-nkulu leri ri funengeta 14,000,000 wati skwemitara hi ku anama, naswona it ravunthlanu hi kuanama eka matiko nkulu. Hi ku ringanisa, Anthakthika yi aname kambirhi kutlula tiko ra [[Australia|Ostraliya]]. Kwalomu ka 98% ya tiko-nkulu leri yi funengetiwe hi gwitsi leri enteke kwalomu ka 1.9km,<ref name="Bedmap2">{{cite journal |author=British Antarctic Survey |title=Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica |journal=The Cryosphere journal |page=390 |url=http://www.the-cryosphere.net/7/375/2013/tc-7-375-2013.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=6 January 2014 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216072841/https://www.the-cryosphere.net/7/375/2013/tc-7-375-2013.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> naswona gwitsi leri rindlandlamukela kufikela eribuweni ra tiko-nkulu leri. Antakthika, hiku angarhela hirona tiko-nkulu leri titimelaka, leri omeke, naswona leri ngana moya kutlula matiko-nkulu hinkwawo, naswona ritlakukile kutlula matiko-nkulu man'wana.<ref>{{cite web|authors=National Satellite, Data, and Information Service|title=National Geophysical Data Center|publisher=Government of the United States|url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html|accessdate=9 June 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613001502/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html|archivedate=13 June 2006|deadurl=no}}</ref> Antakthika i tiko ra mananga, naswona rihava mpfula.<ref>{{cite web|last=Joyce|first=C. Alan|date=18 January 2007|title=The World at a Glance: Surprising Facts|work=The World Almanac|url=http://www.worldalmanac.com/blog/2007/01/the_world_at_a_glance_surprisi.html|accessdate=7 February 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304001123/http://www.worldalmanac.com/blog/2007/01/the_world_at_a_glance_surprisi.html|archivedate=4 March 2009|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Kwalomu ka 1,000 kuya eka 5,000 wa vanhu vatshama eka tiyindlu ta vulavisisi leti akiweke atikweni-nkulu leri. Swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka eka tiko-nkulu leri swihlanganisa vulwembu bya lwandle, swimilana, swiharhi swo fana na swinyenyana swa lwandle na swin'wana. Antakthika i tiko-nkulu ro hetelela leri tsumburiweke hi vanhu, naswona ku tsumburiwa ko sungula loku tsariweke kuve hi lembe ra 1820, hi pfumba ra vavalangi va [[Russia|Rhaxiya]], Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen na Mikhail Lazarev eka swikepe swa ''Vostok'' na ''Mirny''. Hambiswiritano tiko-nkulu leri ri sarile ririhava vaaka tiko hikwalaho ka matshemelo ya rona lama nonohaka ku aka no hanya kona. Antakthika yihava [[hulumendhe]] kumbe mfumo, kambe kova na mintwanano ya matiko lamahlayeke, lawa ma endlaka vulavisisi eka ndzhawu leyi. Kwalomu ka khume mbirhi wa matiko, ma tikirhetile ntwanano wa Antakthika hi 1959, naswona makume-nharhu nhungu man'wana ma tikirhetile ntwanano lowu kusukela lembe rero. Ntwanano lowu wu alela kuceriwa ka migodi ya timayini, Vusocha na switichi swa masocha, kubalesa tibhomu ta Nyukliya, naswona wu seketela vulavisisi bya Sayensi, naku sirhelela vumbango bya yona. <gallery> File: 061212-nordkapp.jpg File:GletscherMM.jpg File:Fryxellsee Opt.jpg File:Mount Erebus Aerial 2.jpg File:Aurore australe - Aurora australis.jpg </gallery> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|20em}} {{Commons|Antarctica|Antakthika}} [[Category:Ntivo-mbangu]] [[Category:Matiko-nkulu]] == Ntalo wa vanhu == Tihulumendhe to hlayanyana ti hlayisa [[Trạm nghiên cứu|switichi swa ndzavisiso]] leswi nga ni vaaki va nkarhi hinkwawo etikweni-nkulu leri. Nhlayo ya vanhu lava tirhaka, ku seketela vulavisisi bya sayense na mintirho yin’wana e Antarctica nale ka swihlala swale kusuhi yisuka eka kwalomu ka 1,000 hi xixika kuya eka 5,000 hi ximumu, leswi fambelanaka na nhlayo ya vaaki ya 70–350 wa vanhu/siku. Switichi swo tala swi thola vanhu lembe hinkwaro, naswona vatirhi va xixika hakanyingi va huma ematikweni ya rikwavo va tirha ku ringana lembe. Kereke ya Trinity Orthodox yi pfuriwile hi 2004 [[Trạm Bellingshausen|eXitichini xa Bellingshausen]] xa le Rhaxiya naswona yi fambisiwa lembe hinkwaro hi muprista un’we ku ya eka vambirhi, lava na vona va cincanaka lembe na lembe. Vaaki vo sungula lava nga riki va nkarhi hinkwawo va ndhawu leyi nga ekusuhi na Antarctica (edzongeni wa [[Đới hội tụ Nam Cực|ndhawu leyi Antarctic yi hlanganaka eka yona]] ) a ku ri vahloti va ti- seal va le Amerika ni va le Britain. Va hete lembe kumbe ku tlula eGeorgia Dzonga, ku sukela hi 1786 ku ya emahlweni. Hi nkarhi wa ku hlotiwa ka ti whale kufikela hi 1966, vaaki va xihlala lexi ava sukela eka kutlula 1,000 hi ximumu (malembe yan’wana kutlula 2,000) kuya eka kwalomu ka 200 hi xixika. Vahloti ngopfu-ngopfu i va le Norway laha ku nga ni xiphemu lexi andzaka xa Xinghezi. Tindhawu to tshama eka tona ti katsa Grytviken, King Edward Point, Stromness, Husvik, Godthul, Port Leith, Prince Olav na Ocean. Vafambisi ni vatirhela-mfumo lavakulu va xitichi xa ti- whale hakanyingi va tshama ni mindyangu ya vona. Exikarhi ka vona a ku ri na Carl Anton Larsen, muvalangi wa le Norway tlhelo mutivi wa ti- whale loyi a sunguleke Grytviken. Larsen na ndyangu wa yena va ve vaaki va Britain hi 1910. Nhwanyana wa le Norway [[Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen]] a a ri n’wana wo sungula ku velekiwa eXifundzheni xa Antarctic, ngopfu-ngopfu eGrytviken hi October 8, 1913. I n’wana wa Klara Olette Jacobsen na Fridthjof Jacobsen, mupfuni wa vulawuri bya xitichi xa whale. Jacobsen u fike exihlaleni lexi hi 1904 naswona u ve mufambisi wa Grytviken ku sukela hi 1914 ku ya eka 1921. U ni vana vambirhi lava velekiweke exihlaleni lexi. [[Emilio Marcos Palma]] ari munhu wosungula ku velekiwa e dzongeni wa 60 degrees south latitude nale ka tikonkulu ra Antarctic, ngopfu ngopfu e [[Căn cứ Esperanza|Esperanza Base]] enhlohlorhini ya nhlonhle ya Antarctic hi 1978. Vatswari va Palma ni mindyangu yin’wana ya nkombo va rhumeriwe hi hulumendhe ya le Argentina leswaku va ya vona loko vutomi bya ndyangu byi faneleka laha. Juan Pablo Camacho a a ri Muchile wo sungula ku velekiwa eAntarctica hi 1984 [[Trạm Frei Montalva|eXitichini xa Frei Montalva]] . Sweswi swisekelo swin’wana i kaya ra mindyangu leyi nga ni vana lava nghenaka xikolo exitichini lexi. Ku sukela hi 2009, ku ve ni tincece ta 11 leti velekiweke eAntarctica (edzongeni wa 60 wa tidigri edzongeni wa latitude), tsevu eEsperanza Base ya le Argentina ni tinharhu eXitichini xa Frei Montalva xa le [[Chile]]. 8ygt0tmc7pnst00bnre7g9khccs35rq 0 4891 41639 36098 2026-05-20T00:18:11Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41639 wikitext text/x-wiki Vatsonga vadya '''Swakudya swa xintu''' xavona, naswona vasweka hikutirhisa swilo swohambana hambana. Timanga, tundluwa na tinyawa titirhisiwa ngopfu ekusweka swakudya swavona leswi hlanganisaka miroho na swityulu swa nyama. Vuswa hi byona swakudya xidzi swa vatsonga/machangana. A ku swekiwa vuswa bya xibasa bya n`wahuva na bya makhaha. A ku xeviwa hi miroho yo hambana-hambana yo fana na tinhwembe, tinyawa, guxe, bangala, nkaka na swin`wana. Miroho a yi kandzeriwa hi timanga, rininga kumbe timongo. Xin`wana xixevo a ku ri maxonja, tinjiya, majeje, swidongodi ni tintshwa. A kudyiwa na swin`wana swakudya swofana na tihove, tshopi. Xingwhimbi, timanga na tindluwa.Vatsonga va tolovele kudya kanhurhu hisiku.<ref name="ph0">{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=2017-08-25|archive-date=2026-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318144211/http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="ph1">[http://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/26577/dissertation.pdf;sequence=1 The development, standardisation and acceptability of the traditional Tsonga-Shangaan dishes] - Malaza M.T (2012)</ref><ref name="ph2">''Ndzavisiso wa Onasi-Mapaluxele ya ndhavuko wa Xitsonga eka tsalwa ra "Masungi mfana ka Maxele"'' - Machimana S.M (2009)</ref> Vatsonga ava lulamisa swakudya swovona leswaku vaswi endla swidyeka. Ava tsema, kumbe kutshova miroho yavona leswaku yiringana ku virisiwa, ku hlanganisiwa yiva mithtotho na ku hunguela kumbe ku fomisa. Kasi swin'wana swakudya swo fana na timanga, aswi sungula hi ku omisiwa leswaku swita hlayisiwa nkarhi woleha. Loko swiringenene ku tirhisiwa, swakudya leswi omisiweke, aswi sungula hiku lovekiwa ematini yo kufumela leswaku swi ta olova, ivi swi swekiwa.<ref name="ph1" /> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Swakudya swa Vatsonga}} [[Category:Swakudya]] [[Category:Swakudya swa Vatsonga]] 0y4vscbrr4j0g9fh7fgx504wsewnqdc 0 5924 41642 41507 2026-05-20T00:19:48Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bio|caption=Blum hi lembe ra 2007}} '''William Henry Blum''' (<span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</span>; u velekiwe hi ti 6 ta Machi, 1933 – a lova hi ti 9 ta Disemba, 2018) a a ri mutsari wa tibuku wa Amerika, n'wamatimu, na musori wa endlelo ra mfumo wa United States foreign policy. A a tshama e-[[Washington, DC]].<ref name="Montgomery">{{cite news|first=David|last=Montgomery|date=January 21, 2006|title=The Author Who Got A Big Boost From bin Laden|work=The Washington Post|pages=C01|id=|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/20/AR2006012001971.html}}</ref> == Vutomi bya yena emasungulweni == Blum u velekiwe eBrooklyn, eNew York City, a velekiwa hi Ruth (née Katz) na-Isidore Blum, lava a va ri vanhu va Majuda yo huma etikweni ra [[Polendi|Poland]] (Polish Jewish immigrants). Tatana wa yena a a ri mutirhi wo tirha hi michini. U hete tidyondzo ta yena e-Erasmus Hall High School na swona a kuma digri ya accountancy hi lembe ra 1955 ku suka eka City College School of Business and Civic Administration, leyi ka ndzhaku yi nga tiviwa tani hi Baruch College of the City University of New York.<ref name="Roberts">{{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Sam|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/11/obituaries/william-blum-dead.html|title=William Blum, U.S. Policy Critic Cited by bin Laden, Dies at 85|work=The New York Times|date=December 12, 2018|access-date=December 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Langer">{{cite news|last=Langer|first=Emily|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/william-blum-policy-critic-of-us-praised-by-osama-bin-laden-dies-at-85/2018/12/13/d634f72e-fe13-11e8-862a-b6a6f3ce8199_story.html|title=William Blum, policy critic of U.S. praised by Osama bin Laden, dies at 85|work=The Washington Post|date=December 13, 2018|access-date=December 14, 2018}}</ref> U sungule ku tirha tani hi computer programmer a tirhela IBM, ka ndzhaku u ve a takiwa hi ndzawulo ya mfumo State Department ku tirhela vona. A a ri munhu wo tiyimisela swinene na swona a a lava ku va muofisara wo tirhela ndzawulo ya mfumo eka timhaka ta le handle ka tiko ku nga foreign service officer tani hi laha a nga hlamusela hi kona leswo a ta va muchiviriki wo lwa na vukomunisi hi leswi tivekaka tani hi to, "take part in the great anti-Communist crusade". Kambe Blum u ve a khunguvanyisiwa hi nyimpi ya Amerika yo lwa na tiko ra [[Vietnam]] yo tiveka tani hi Vietnam War na swona u ve a tshika ku tirhela mfumo hi lembe ra 1967. == muviki wa mahungu == Eka nkarhi lowu a a sungule ku vika hi ta ku chivirika (tiprotesti) to phikizana na nyimbi ya Vietnam, na swona u ve musunguri na muhleri wa nyuziphepha ya ''Washington Free Press'', leyi a a ku ri nyuziphepha yo  humesiwa kambirhi hi vhiki, na swona a yi tekangi nkarhi wo leha ya ha ri kona. Hi lembe ra1969, u ve a tsala matsalwa hyo paluxa mitirho yo biha ya CIA laha a nga paluxa mavito na tiadrese ta vatirhi va CIA vo ringana nhlayo ya 200. U ve a tirha tani hi muviki wa mahungu loyi a nga tirheki hi xitalo ku nga freelance journalist eUnited States, e-Europe na le South America. Exikarhi ka malembe ya 1972–1973, Blum a a tirha tani hi muviki wa mahungu etikweni ra [[Chile]] laha a nga vika hi mfumo wa Allende wa matshalatshala ya ku sungula soxalizimu ku nga "socialist experiment". Exikarhi ka malembe ya1970s, a a tirha eLondon na loyi khale ka yena a a ri muofisara wa CIA Philip Agee na vanakulorhi va yena "eka projeke ya vona yo paluxa vatirhi va CIA na vubihi byo homboloko lebyi va byi endla".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill Blum's ZSpace Page |url=http://www.zmag.org/zspace/billblum |access-date=2018-12-17 |archive-date=2008-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531004211/http://www.zmag.org/zspace/billblum |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>''[[:en:Z Magazine|Z Magazine]]'' online, accessed May 31, 2008.</ref> A a tiwundla hi matsalwa ya yena no famba a vulavula lomu tikhempasi ta tikholichi. Eka tibuku ta yena na tikholomu ta online, Blum u paluxe swinene vubihi bya mitirho yo tsalanganya matiko man'wana no vanga mpfilumpfilu eka matiko man'wana leswi swi endliwaka hi CIA na swikungu swo dlayetela vanhu leswi a va swi endla eka matiko man'wana. Noam Chomsky u ri tibuku ta Blum hi maendlelo ya vubihi bya CIA i to antswa swinene ngopfu eka nhloko mhaka ya vubihi bya CIA."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/20869-our-leaders-do-not-mean-well |access-date=2018-12-17 |archive-date=2017-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115192422/http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/20869-our-leaders-do-not-mean-well |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Blum u seketela pfhumba ra  Ralph Nader ra ku va presidente.<ref>Blum, William [http://www.dissidentvoice.org/2008/01/on-liberals-phil-agee-and-the-9-11-truth-movement/ On Liberals, Phil Agee, and the 9-11 Truth Movement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924053640/http://www.dissidentvoice.org/2008/01/on-liberals-phil-agee-and-the-9-11-truth-movement/ |date=2014-09-24 }}, ''Dissident Voice'', January 14, 2008. Accessed May 31, 2008.</ref> U ve a sungula na pfhumba ro tsala matsalwa lama a ya humesa n'hweti yin'wana na yin'wana eka matsalwa lama a nga ma vitana"The Anti-Empire Report" lama a ma rhumela hi tiemeyili. Blum u hlamusele xikongomelonkulu xa vutumi bya yena tani hi: "Loko a nga koti ku heta American Empre kambe a kota ku yi nonokisa no yi tsotsombisa eka matirhelo ya yona ya vubihi . Ku ringeta ku vavisa xihontlovila lexi xa vubihi. Xihontlovila lexi xa vubihi ku nga American Empire, xa vavisa no twisa matiko ya [[misava]] ku va va ngopfu no onhetela emisaveni hinkwayo." === Xitatimende hi Osama bin Laden === Ekusunguleni ka 2006, Blum ku ve ku tsariwa hi yena ngopfu eka vamahungu loko Osama bin Laden a humesile xitatimende lexi a nga xi hangalasela hinkwavo eka public statement laha a nga tshaha eka matsalwa ya Blum no byeletela vanhu leswo vanhu va Amerika hinkwavo va fanele ku hlaya buku ya Blum ya nhlokomhaka leyi nge: ''Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower''. Hikokwalaho ka xitatimende lexi xa Osam bin Laden, nxavo wa buku leyi wu ve wu tlakuka swinene . "Ndzi ve hlamala ngopfu no tshuka ku twa leswi Osama bin Laden a nga swi vula," Blum a nyiketa miehleketo. "A ndzi tsakile. Ndzi swi tivile leswaku leswi swi ta pfuneta nxaviso wa buku, na swona a ndzi nga karhatekangi hi leswo xana i mani loyi a a vule marito lawa." Loko a ri na miehleketo  yo fana na ya mina yo venga mafambiselo yo biha ya pholisi ya US eka matiko man'wana, a ndzi nga ta holova na yena hi ku va a byerile vanhu ku hlaya buku ya mina. Ndzi ehleketa leswo i mhaka leyinene leswo u na miehleketo yo fana na ya mina eka mhaka leyi ya vubihi bya pholisi ya Amerika eka matiko man'wana "<ref>{{cite news|date=January 21, 2006|title=Bin Laden plug boosts book sales|work=Sydney Morning Herald|agency=Reuters|url=http://smh.com.au/news/world/bin-laden-plug-boosts-book-sales/2006/01/21/1137734175551.html}}</ref> Eka ku amukeriwa ka buku ya mina hi Bin, leswi swi fana na ku amukeriwa ka buku ya mina hi munhu wo tiveka wo fana na Oprah book." ku angula Blum eka mhaka leyi. Eka inthavhyu leyi a nga va na yona eka MSNBC ''Countdown'', u vule leswo: "Hi ntiyiso wa mhaka, leswi vangelaka rivengo ra matheroristi eka Amerika, i pholisi ya tihanyi eka matiko man'wana. I swilo swa tihanyi leswi hi swi endleka eka matiko man'wana leswi endlaka leswo matiko ya misava ya venga mafambiselo ya hina eka vona. Leswi swi vuriwaka hi va ntsindza wa White House na leswi va hi byelaka swona leswo vanhu va venga nchunxeko na xidimokrasi xa hina, leswi va swi vulaka va ntsindza, i propaganda ya mavunwa ntsena."<ref>{{cite news|last=Oliver|first=Mark|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2006/jan/23/osamabinladen|title=Osama bin Laden recommends|work=The Guardian|date=January 23, 2006|access-date=December 10, 2018}}</ref> Hi ti  ta Meyi 22, 2006 eka tsalwa ra nhlokomhaka leyi nge, "Come Out of the White House With Your Hands Up", Blum u tsale leswo, "Ku sukela loko bin Laden a bumabumele leswo vanhu va Amerika va fanele ku hlaya buku ya mina hi ti 19 ta Januwari (Sunguti), a ndzi si tshama ndzi rhambia na kan'we lomu tikholichi ku ta nyiketa mimbulavulo. . . . Hambiloko hakanyingi, nkarhi lowu wa Januwari-Meyi wu va ka nkarhi lowu ndzi tshamaka ndzi ri bhizi ngopfu hi wona ku nyiketa mimbulavulo eka tikhempasi ta tikholichi." == Ku lova == Blum u love hi ti 9 ta Disemba (N'wendzamhala), 2018 a a ri eArlington, Virginia u love hi ku tsandzeka ka tinso kidney failure ku tirha kahle, a a ri na malembe ya 85 na swona a a vavisekile endzhaku ka ku wa eka apartment eka tin'hweti timbirhi ta ku hundza. == Tibuku leti a nga titsala == * 1986: ''The CIA: A Forgotten History'' (Zed Books) {{ISBN|0-86232-480-7}}ISBN{{ISBN|0-86232-480-7}}0-86232-480-7 * 2000: ''Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower'' ([http://www.commoncouragepress.com/ Common Courage Press]) {{ISBN|1-56751-194-5}}ISBN{{ISBN|1-56751-194-5}}1-56751-194-5 * 2002: ''West-Bloc Dissident: A Cold War Memoir'' (Soft Skull Press) {{ISBN|1-56751-306-9}}ISBN{{ISBN|1-56751-306-9}}1-56751-306-9 * 2003: ''Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II'', revised edition ([http://www.commoncouragepress.com/ Common Courage Press]) {{ISBN|1-56751-252-6}}ISBN{{ISBN|1-56751-252-6}}1-56751-252-6 * 2004: ''Freeing the World to Death: Essays on the American Empire'' ([http://www.commoncouragepress.com/ Common Courage Press]) * 2013: ''America's Deadliest Export: Democracy - The Truth About US Foreign Policy and Everything Else'' (Zed Books) {{ISBN|1-78032-445-6}}, {{ISBN|1-78032-445-6}}1-78032-445-6 == Minkhwekelo ya le handle ka Wikipediya == * [https://williamblum.org/ William Blum] * [https://covertactionmagazine.com/index.php/2018/08/11/american-exceptionalism-the-naked-truth/ American Exceptionalism: The Naked Truth by William Blum] at [https://covertactionmagazine.com/ CovertAction Magazine] * [https://www.counterpunch.org/author/qeph2sp/ William Blum's articles] at CounterPunch * [https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/author/william-blum/ William Blum's articles] at Foreign Policy Journal * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120926014736/http://www.zcommunications.org/zspace/billblum William Blum's articles] at Z Communications (archive.org) * [https://www.globalresearch.ca/author/william-blum William Blum's articles] at the Centre for Research on Globalization * [http://www.catalystmedia.org.uk/archive/issues/nerve2/blum.htm ''America's most feared man''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604085418/http://www.catalystmedia.org.uk/archive/issues/nerve2/blum.htm |date=2019-06-04 }} Interview with Nerve Magazine, Issue 2, Summer 2003 * [https://www.counterpunch.org/2003/08/12/myth-and-denial-in-the-war-on-terrorism/ ''Myth and Denial in the War on Terrorism''] Article on CounterPunch, August 12, 2003 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061122081722/http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/blumcspan01282006/ ''William Blum in the Media Whirlwind''] Appearance on C-SPAN's call-in show ''Washington Journal, '' Jan. 28, 2006 == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:Vanhu]] {{Lifetime|1933|2018|William Blum}} mbi026zy12q8ugdu1e7llz7whh9bur3 0 6679 41628 37741 2026-05-20T00:10:42Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41628 wikitext text/x-wiki Iipilisi zebakala lezonyango zinesiseko esifanayo kwiipilisi zabathengi eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinguqu ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ezenza ezi pilisi zilungele ukusetyenziswa ezibhedlele. Iipilisi zonyango ziyayitshintsha indlela esicinga ngayo ngokhathalelo lwempilo. Bancedisa oogqirha nabongikazi ekuboneleleni ngokhathalelo olungcono ngelixa besomeleza ukhuseleko lwesigulana kunye nokwaneliseka. Banciphisa iimpazamo kwaye benza unxibelelwano phakathi koogqirha kumasebe ahlukeneyo ezonyango lula kunangaphambili. Amacwecwe afanelekileyo omgangatho wezonyango anokunceda ukuxhasa kunye negalelo kwindawo yonyango ecocekileyo, ekhuselekileyo. Ukuthembeka kunye nokukhuseleka kwethebhulethi yonyango kubalulekile. Ithebhulethi yonyango kufuneka isebenze kakuhle (kubandakanywa ne-hardware kunye ne-software yayo), ibe nentlawulo yebhetri eyaneleyo yonke imini, kwaye ihlangabezane nemisebenzi eyisiseko, nokuba isetyenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwesigulane ngokuthe ngqo okanye ulawulo lwedatha elula ngexesha lokutyelela rhoqo. Ukukwazi ukuvala isofthiwe yethebhulethi kunye nokukhusela ukuba ingasetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo kubalulekile ekuphenduleni, ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-HIPAA efana nobumfihlo bedatha, kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo kukhathalelo lwezonyango ngokubanzi. ==== Uthini umahluko phakathi kwethebhulethi yebanga lezonyango kunye nethebhulethi eqhelekileyo? ==== 1. Iipilisi zebakala lezonyango zikhuselwe yi-Antimicrobial. Iintsholongwane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ezinokusasazeka ngokulula kwimeko yezonyango ziyancitshiswa ngenxa yoko. 2. Iibhakhowudi zokufunda ezidityanisiweyo, eziluncedo kwimisebenzi efana nokugcina uluhlu lwempahla yasesibhedlele nokurekhoda ulwazi lwesigulana ngokukhawuleza. 3. Abafundi be-RFID basetyenziselwa ukuskena amabhanti ezigulane kunye namayeza. 4. I-Smart card readers, ezibonelela ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo yokugcina nokufunda ulwazi lwesigulana. 5. Umqheba wangaphandle wenza kube lula ukuwuthwala kwaye uphelise umngcipheko wokuwuwisa. 6. Uyilo lwethebhulethi olungena fan luthintela izinto ezingacocekanga ukuba zisasazeke kwindawo engcolileyo. 7.Iibhetri zomthamo ophezulu ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngexesha lokutshintsha. 8.Umboniso we-multi-touch uvumela umsebenzisi wokugqibela ukuba asebenze nesigulane ngelixa egqoke iiglavu. Ukuthembeka kunye nokukhuseleka kwethebhulethi yonyango kubalulekile. Ithebhulethi yonyango kufuneka isebenze kakuhle (kubandakanywa ne-hardware kunye ne-software yayo), ibe nentlawulo yebhetri eyaneleyo yonke imini, kwaye ihlangabezane nemisebenzi eyisiseko, nokuba isetyenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwesigulane ngokuthe ngqo okanye ulawulo lwedatha elula ngexesha lokutyelela rhoqo. Ukukwazi ukuvala isofthiwe yethebhulethi kunye nokukhusela ukuba ingasetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo kubalulekile ekuphenduleni, ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-HIPAA efana nobumfihlo bedatha, kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo kukhathalelo lwezonyango ngokubanzi. <references /> "[https://www.cms.gov/regulations-and-guidance/administrative-simplification/hipaa-aca HIPAA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105162647/https://www.cms.gov/regulations-and-guidance/administrative-simplification/hipaa-aca |date=2023-01-05 }}", Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Customize Tablet - Leader in [https://customizetablet.com/medical-tablet/ Medical Grade Tablet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123222914/https://customizetablet.com/medical-tablet/ |date=2021-11-23 }} Samsung [https://www.samsung.com/us/business/solutions/industries/healthcare/ Digital Health Solution] [https://www.android.com/ Android Operating System] 93gnetvrfdryk3jnf8nrs7n7950mqza 10 7916 41625 2026-05-19T13:17:24Z NgamangaXhosa 12747 Created page with "<span class="nowrap" role="img" aria-label="shrug">¯\_(ツ)_/¯</span><!-- Template:Shrug --><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>" 41625 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="nowrap" role="img" aria-label="shrug">¯\_(ツ)_/¯</span><!-- Template:Shrug --><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> t1c50yeamwgxvsarj1rrmke7phus4xi