Wikipedia tswiki https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlukankulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4532 41668 28718 2026-06-06T23:59:48Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bushbuckridge''' (Xibunu&#x3A;<span> </span><span lang="af">''Bosbokrand''</span>) i xidorobana ehansi ka Masipala wa Mugaga wa Bushbuckridge, ekaXifundza xa [[:en:Ehlanzeni_District_Municipality|Ehlanzeni]], Mpumalanga, [[Afrika-Dzonga]].<ref name="census2011"><cite class="citation web">[http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/877105 "Main Place Bushbuckridge"]. </cite></ref> Vito ra Bushbuck Ridge ri nyikiwile hikwalaho ko va ku kumekile mitlhambi leyikulu ya timhunti endhawini leyi hi kwalomu ka malembe ya va1880, na le goveni leri tivekaka ngopfu ra  WNW-ESE edzongavuxa bya xiphemu xa masipala lowu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South African Languages - Place names |url=http://www.salanguages.com/munnames.htm |access-date=2016-06-23 |archive-date=2008-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101133146/http://www.salanguages.com/munnames.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Xidorobana xa Bushbuckridge xi kurisiwile ematlhelo ka vhengele leri pfuriweke hi 1884. Tindhawu ta malokixi na switandi leswi nga edzongeni wa Bushbuckridge swi vumba "doroba ra xiyimo xa le henhla" leri vitaniwaka Bushbuckridge NU (ku ya maavelo ya tindhawu eka ku hlayiwa ka vanhu) hi 2011 population of 1070, vuandlalo bya <span>1,587.56 square kilometres (613</span>&nbsp;<span>sq</span>&nbsp;<span>mi)</span>.<ref name="Frith 877008"><cite class="citation web">[http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/877008 "Bushbuckridge NU Sub Place from Census 2011"]. </cite></ref> Sweswi (2016) xidorobana lexi xi na mavhengele ya xiyimo xa la henhla (ya swiambalo, swingolongondzwana swa le ndlwini, swakudya na swin'wana na swin'wana), tibangi letikulu ta Afrika-Dzonga, swofamba (tithekisi na mabazi) leswi lawuriwaka hi mfanelo na tikamara ta madokodela ya meno, ya mahlo na ya vutshunguri bya mavabyi yan'wana hi ku angarhela. Hikwalaho ka migingiriko ya Masipala wa ndhawu mapatu ya antswisiwile. leswi swi hungutile na nhlayo ya tinghozi ta mimovha kumbe swofamba leti a ti koxa vutomi bya vanhu. == Notes and references == {{Reflist}} jgpwjsbcc9uhb59cyo60365oqoxz909 0 5824 41667 41660 2026-06-06T22:31:05Z Der-Wir-Ing 12344 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/41660|41660]] by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-31663-86|~2026-31663-86]] ([[User talk:~2026-31663-86|talk]]) 41667 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|frameless|right|upright=2]] '''Xinghezi''' iririmi leri sunguleke ku vulavuriwa e[[England|Nghilandhi]] naswona hirona ririmi leri vulavuriwaka ngopfu ematikweni ya misava.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crystal |first=David |title=English as a Global Language |edition=2nd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=6 |date=2003a |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d6jPAKxTHRYC |accessdate=4 February 2015 |isbn=978-0-521-53032-3 |laysummary=http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam041/2003282119.pdf |laysource=Library of Congress (sample) |laydate=4 February 2015 |ref=harv}}</ref> Ririmi leri ri tshyiwe hi rixaka ra Va-Angles, rin'wana ra tinxaka takhale ta maJarimani, leri rhurheleke eBhrithaniya, endhzawini leyi thyiweke, Nghilandhi. Swiga ririmi swarona swihlohloteriwa ngopfu hi tindzimi tin'wana ta xiJarimani, ngopfu-ngopfu Xinirse, Xilatini na Xifurhwa.<ref name="Wolff">{{cite book |last=Finkenstaedt |first=Thomas |author2=Dieter Wolff |title=Ordered profusion; studies in dictionaries and the English lexicon |publisher=C. Winter |year=1973 |isbn=3-533-02253-6}}</ref> Ririmi ra Xinghezi ri akiwe endzeni ka malembe ya kutlula 1,400. Xinghezi xosungula, axivulavuriwa eka malembe-xidzana ya vunthlanu. Xinghezi xale xikarhi xisungule eka lembe-xidzana ravu khume-n'we, loko mavuthu ya Vanomanimata hlula tiko ra Nghilandi, leswi swilandzeriweke hi nhlohlotelo wa xifurhwa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crystal |first=David |title=English as a Global Language |edition=2nd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=30 |date=2003a |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d6jPAKxTHRYC |accessdate=4 February 2015 |isbn=978-0-521-53032-3 |laysummary=http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam041/2003282119.pdf |laysource=Library of Congress (sample) |laydate=4 February 2015 |ref=harv}}</ref> Xinghenzi lexilandzeleke xisungule hi lembe-xidzana ra vukhume-nthlanu, loko kuta sunguriwa kutirhisiwa ka michini yo gandlisa tibuku e dorobheni ra Landhani, ku gandlisiwa ka Bhibhele ya Hosi Yakobo, na masungulo ya ku ncinca lokukulu ka ririmi.<ref>{{cite web|title=''How English evolved into a global language''|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12017753|date=20 December 2010|publisher=BBC|accessdate=9 August 2015}}</ref> Xinghezi xi hangalake na misava kusukela eka lembe-xidzana ra vukhume-nkombo kuya eka lembe-xidzana ramakume-mbirhi. Hikwalaho ka swihlovo swa manguva lawa swa mahungu na kuthlandluka ka Amerikha tanihi mfumo-nkulu wa misava, ririmi raXinghezi ri sungule kutirhisiwa tanihi ririmi-nkulu ra matiko yo tala ya misava naswona rithlela ritirhisiwa eka tidyondzo ta Sayenzi na ta nawu.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Routes of English |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/routesofenglish/storysofar/programme4_6.shtml |date=1 August 2015 |ref={{sfnref|ref=harvid|The Routes of English}}}}</ref> Xinghezi iririmi ra vunharhu hivukulu emisaveni, kulandzela ririmi ra Xichayina na Xipanichi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size |title=Summary by language size |accessdate=10 February 2015 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |ref={{harvid|Ethnologue|2010}}}}</ref> Hirona ririmi leri dyondzisiwaka ngopfu emisaveni naswona iririmi ximfumo ra matiko ya kwalomu ka makume-ntsevu. Kuna vanhu votala lava dyondzeke ririmi leri kutlula vanhu lavarimameke. Xinghezi iririmi leri vulavuriwaka ngopfu ematikweni ya Nghilandi, Amerikha, Khanada, Ostraliya, Ayilendi na Nyuzilendi, naswona rivulavuriwa ngopfu eswihlaleni swa Kharibhiya, tiko-nkulu ra Afrika na ra Axiya.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crystal |first=David |title=English as a Global Language |edition=2nd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=108–109 |date=2003a |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d6jPAKxTHRYC |accessdate=4 February 2015 |isbn=978-0-521-53032-3 |laysummary=http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam041/2003282119.pdf |laysource=Library of Congress (sample) |laydate=4 February 2015 |ref=harv}}</ref> iririmi-ximfumo leri tirhisiwaka hi Nhlangano ya Matiko, Vumbano bya Yuropa na minhlangano yin'wana ya matiko ya misava. Ririmi leri rina swiga-ririmi na marito yo tsandza-vahlayi.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=How many words are there in the English language? |work=Oxford Dictionaries Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2015 |url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/page/howmanywords |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=30 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130011051/http://oxforddictionaries.com/page/howmanywords |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Algeo |first=John |chapter=Chapter 2:Vocabulary |title=Cambridge History of the English Language |volume=IV: 1776–1997 |editor-last=Romaine |editor-first=Suzanne |pages=57–91 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-26477-8 |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521264778.003 |ref=harv}}</ref> == Mintshaho == {{reflist|3}} [[Category:Tindzimi]] == Ku hangalasiwa ka ntivo-misava == Ku sukela hi 2016, 400 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu a va ri na Xinghezi tanihi ririmi ra vona ro sungula, naswona 1.1 wa tibiliyoni ta vanhu a va xi vulavula tanihi ririmi ra vumbirhi kumbe ra matiko mambe . Xinghezi i ririmi ra vunharhu hi ku ya hi nhlayo ya vavulavuri va rikwavo, endzhaku ka Ximandarin na [[Xipaniya]] . {{sfn|Ethnologue|2010}} Hambiswiritano, loko ku hlanganisiwa nhlayo ya vavulavuri va ririmi ra rikwavo ni lava nga riki vavulavuri va rikwavo, ku nga ha va, hi ku ya hi swiringanyeto, ku va ririmi leri dumeke swinene emisaveni. {{sfn|McCrum|MacNeil|Cran|2003|pp=9–10}} {{sfn|Crystal|2003a|p=69}} Xinghezi xi vulavuriwa hi miganga hinkwako-nkwako ni le kwalomu ka xihlala xin’wana ni xin’wana lexi tsemakanyaka [[Lwandle|malwandle]] . {{sfn|Crystal|2003b|p=106}} === Swirhendzevutana swinharhu swa matiko lama vulavulaka Xinghezi === Braj Kachru u hambanisa matiko lawa Xinghezi xi vulavuriwaka eka wona hi ku tirhisa modele wa swirhendzevutana swinharhu. {{sfn|Svartvik|Leech|2006|p=2}} Eka modele lowu, "ring ya le ndzeni" i matiko lama nga na miganga leyikulu ya rixaka ra Xinghezi, "ring ya le handle" i matiko lawa Xinghezi ku nga ririmi ra rikwavo ra vanhu va nga ri vangani ntsena kambe ri tirhisiwa ngopfu eka [[dyondzo]], vuhlanganisi na swikongomelo swin'wana, na "ku andlala." circle" i matiko lawa vanhu votala va dyondzaka Xinghezi. Swirhendzevutana leswi swinharhu swa cinca hi ku famba ka nkarhi. {{sfn|Kachru|2006|p=196}} Matiko lama nga ni miganga leyikulu ya vaaki va kwalaho ma katsa [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom,]] United [[Amerikha|States]], [[Ostraliya|Australia]], [[Khanada|Canada]], [[Ireland|Riphabliki ra Ireland]], na New Zealand, laha vunyingi bya vaaki va vulavulaka Xinghezi, na Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga, laha nhlayo yitsongo leyikulu yi vulavulaka Xinghezi. Matiko lama nga na nhlayo yo tala ya vavulavuri va Xinghezi va rixaka i [[Amerikha|United States]] (kwalomu ka 231 wa timiliyoni), {{sfn|Ryan|2013|loc=Table 1}} [[United Kingdom]] (60 wa timiliyoni), {{sfn|Office for National Statistics|2013|loc=Key Points}} {{sfn|National Records of Scotland|2013}} {{sfn|Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency|2012|loc=Table KS207NI: Main Language}} [[Khanada|Canada]] (19 wa timiliyoni), {{sfn|Statistics Canada|2014}} [[Ostraliya|Australia]] (kwalomu ka 17 wa timiliyoni), {{sfn|Australian Bureau of Statistics|2013}} [[Afrika-Dzonga|Riphabliki ra Afrika-Dzonga]] (4.8 wa timiliyoni), {{sfn|Statistics South Africa|2012|loc=Table 2.5 Population by first language spoken and province (number)}} [[Ireland|Riphabliki ra Ireland]] (4.2 wa timiliyoni), na New Zealand (3.7 wa timiliyoni). {{sfn|Statistics New Zealand|2014}} Ematikweni lawa, vana va vavulavuri va ririmi ra rikwavo va dyondza Xinghezi eka vatswari va vona, kasi lava vulavulaka tindzimi tin’wana kumbe vanhu lava humaka ematikweni mambe hakanyingi va dyondza Xinghezi leswaku va vulavurisana ni vanhu lava va hanyaka na vona. {{sfn|Bao|2006|p=377}} 9j8wnh56dniokoyn8hz6uqc63itdrtb 0 7158 41670 41665 2026-06-07T00:40:35Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41670 wikitext text/x-wiki === '''Tindzimi ta le Afrika-Dzonga''' === Tiko ra Afrika-Dzonga ri ni khumembirhi wa tindzimi ta ximfumo, ku nga, Xisuthu xa N’walungu, Xisuthu, Xitswana, Xiswazi, Xivhenda, Xitsonga, Xibunu, Xinghezi, Xindhevele, Xiqhoza, Xizulu na Ririmi ra Swikoweto<ref>The NA Approves South African Sign Language as the 12th Official Language - Parliament of South Africa</ref>. Hi lembe ra 1994 loko mfumo wa xidemokirasi wu sungula, Ririmi ra Swikoweto a ri nga ri ririmi ra ximfumo hambileswi a ri tirhisiwa etikweni. Kambe mfumo wa Afrika-Dzonga wu pasisile ririmi leri ku va ri va ririmi ra vukhumembirhi ra ximfumo eAfrika-Dzonga<ref>The NA Approves South African Sign Language as the 12th Official Language - Parliament of South Africa</ref>. Ku ya hi Xiyenge ya 6 xa Vumbiwa bya Afrika-Dzonga mfumo wu fanele ku tiyisisa leswaku tindzimi ta Ximfumo ta tiko ti tirhisiwa hi ku ringanana naswona ta hlayisiwa no antswisiwa<ref>SAConstitution-web-eng.pdf (justice.gov.za)</ref>. ==== Nawu na tindzimi ta ximfumo eAfrika-Dzonga ==== Vumbiwa bya Afrika-Dzonga eka Xiyenge xa 6 byi vula leswaku mfumo wu fanele ku teka magoza lamanene ku hluvukisa no yisa emahlweni matirhiselo ya tindzimi ta ximfumo ta tiko. Vumbiwa byi ya emahlweni byi vula leswaku mfumo wa rixaka na mfumo wa swifundzakulu yi fanele ku tirhisa tindzimi leti. Mifumo leyi yi hlohloteriwa ku tirhisa kwalomu ka tindzimi timbirhi ta ximfumo<ref>SAConstitution-web-eng.pdf (justice.gov.za)</ref>. Rin'wana ra magoza ya mfumo wa Afrika-Dzonga ra ku hluvukisa na ku yisa emahlweni matirhiselo ya tindzimi ta ximfumo ta tiko i ku vumbiwa ka Huvo yo Angarhela ya Tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga (HATAD)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.pansalb.org/ts/matimu/ |access-date=2024-08-18 |archive-date=2024-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818210453/https://www.pansalb.org/ts/matimu/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. === '''Nsirhelelo ni nhluvukiso wa tindzimi''' === Mfumo wa Afrika-Dzonga na swin'wana swiyenge swa mfumo na leswi ngariki swa mfumo swi ta na matshalatshala yo hlayisa na ku hluvukisa tindzimi ta Xiafrika. Tindzimi to kota Xisuthu xa N’walungu, Xisuthu, Xitswana, Xiswazi, Xivhenda, Xitsonga, Xindhevele, Xiqhoza na Xizulu hi tin'wana ta tindzimi ta Xiafrika leti a ti tekeriwa ehansi hi nkarhi wa xihlawuhlawu naswona a ti nga ri ta ximfumo<ref>Microsoft Word - jct-v7n2 (ed.gov)</ref>. Tindzimi leti sweswi ti kuma nseketelo wukulu ku suka eka swiyenge swo hambanahamba ku kota mfumo, tiyunivhesiti na swin'wana leswaku ti sirheleriwa no hluvukisiwa. Swin'wana swa swiyenge leswi swi katsa: ==== Huvo yo Angarhela ya Tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga (HATAD)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.pansalb.org/ts/matimu/ |access-date=2024-08-18 |archive-date=2024-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818210453/https://www.pansalb.org/ts/matimu/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ==== Huvo yo Angarhela ya Tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga (HATAD) yi vumbiwile ku ya hi Vumbiwa ra Afrika-Dzonga, Xiyenge xa 6(5) (a) na (b) xa Vumbiwa ra Afrika-Dzonga<ref>https://www.pansalb.org/ts/matimu/</ref>. Yin'wana ya [https://www.pansalb.org/ts/matimu/ mitirho wa HATAD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818210453/https://www.pansalb.org/ts/matimu/ |date=2024-08-18 }} i ku tlakusa tindzimi ta ximfumo ta tiko na tin'wana leti xaxametiweke eka Xiyenge xa 6 xa Vumbiwa bya Afrika-Dzonga leti ti tihisiwaka hi vaakindhawu eAfrika-Dzonga, ni ku tiyisisa leswaku ta hloniphiwa. Huvo yi tlhela yi tirha ku lemukisa vaakatiko hi vutindziminyingi tanihi xitirhisiwa xa tiko. Hi lembe ra 2002 HATAD yi simekile Masagwadi ya Tindziminyingi ya HATAD<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.pansalb.org/ts/matimu/ |access-date=2024-08-18 |archive-date=2024-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818210453/https://www.pansalb.org/ts/matimu/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. Masagwadi lama ya simekeriwe ku tlakusa ni ku tlangela mitirho yo hlawuleka leyi tlakusaka tindzimi hinkwato ta ximfumo ni tin'wana tindzimi ta le Afrika-Dzonga<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.pansalb.org/awards/#:~:text=The%20PanSALB%20Multilingualism%20Awards%20were,%2C%20academics%2C%20partners%20and%20sponsors |access-date=2024-08-18 |archive-date=2024-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818214807/https://www.pansalb.org/awards/#:~:text=The%20PanSALB%20Multilingualism%20Awards%20were,%2C%20academics%2C%20partners%20and%20sponsors |dead-url=yes }}</ref>; Ku hangalasa nkoka wa tindziminyingi eka Afrika-Dzonga<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.pansalb.org/awards/#:~:text=The%20PanSALB%20Multilingualism%20Awards%20were,%2C%20academics%2C%20partners%20and%20sponsors |access-date=2024-08-18 |archive-date=2024-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818214807/https://www.pansalb.org/awards/#:~:text=The%20PanSALB%20Multilingualism%20Awards%20were,%2C%20academics%2C%20partners%20and%20sponsors |dead-url=yes }}</ref>; Ku antswisa matirhiselo ya tindzimi ta ximfumo hinkwato<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.pansalb.org/awards/#:~:text=The%20PanSALB%20Multilingualism%20Awards%20were,%2C%20academics%2C%20partners%20and%20sponsors |access-date=2024-08-18 |archive-date=2024-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818214807/https://www.pansalb.org/awards/#:~:text=The%20PanSALB%20Multilingualism%20Awards%20were,%2C%20academics%2C%20partners%20and%20sponsors |dead-url=yes }}</ref>; na ku lemukisa vaakitiko hi ntirho wa tindzimi hi ku angarhela tanihi nchumu wo twananisa vanhu va tiko ra Afrika-Dzonga. ==== UNISA ==== [[File:The University of South Africa.jpg|thumb|Yunivhesiti ya Afrika-Dzonga]] [[File:Mixo Machebe na Rixile M=Baloyi.jpg|thumb|Mixo Machebe na makwavo va khomile Sagwadi ra Matsalwa ya Vana ya UNISA]] Hi lembe ra 2023 Yunivhesiti ya Afrika-Dzonga (UNISA) yi simekile Masagwadi ya Matswala ya Vana<ref name=":0">Unisa to launch inaugural Children's Literature Awards</ref>. Masagwadi lama ya simekeriwe ku xixima vatsari va matsalwa lava tsalaka matsalwa ya vana hi tindzimi ta Xiafrika ta le Afrika-Dzonga<ref name=":0" /> leti nga katsiki Xibunu na Xinghezi. Pfhumba leri ri hlohlotela vatsari lava hlawuleka ku tsala switori leswi kombisa mitokoto na mindhavuko ya vona. eldjpu36nn8xvoih10uka1ki6rlbg2r 0 7262 41669 38891 2026-06-07T00:15:52Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41669 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Stylised atom with three Bohr model orbits and stylised nucleus.svg|thumb|Tidyondzo ta sayense]] '''Mbhetsa Academy''' i xikolo xa le henhla xa sayense, tinhlayo na thekinoloji lexi kumekaka emugangeni wa [[Makgakgapatse]] exifundzheni xa Mopani eLimpopo. "[[Mbhetsa"]] i khamphani leyi nga tirheliki ku endla mali leyi simiweke hi lembe ra 2018 naswona i nhlangano lowu pfumeleriweke wa Vuyelo bya Vaaki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://mbhetsaacademy.co.za/ |access-date=2024-08-31 |archive-date=2024-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831212733/https://mbhetsaacademy.co.za/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Kharikhulamu leyi nyikeriwaka == Tidyondzo leti landzelaka ti nyikiwa eka xiyenge xa le henhla xa dyondzo ''[[senior phase]]'' eka ti giredi ta nhungu na nkaye'';'' xitsonga ririmi ra le kaya na Sepedi ririmi ra le kaya, Xinghezi tanihi ririmi ro engetela, tidyondzo to kongomosi eka swa vutomi, tinhlayo, sayense ya ntumbuluko, sayense ya ntshamisano (ku katsa na tidyondzo ta matimu na ntivo misava), thekinoloji, tidyondzo ta vutshila byo tumbuluxa (ku katsa drama na vuyimbeleri) xikanwe na tidyondzo ta sayense ya vufambisi bya ikhonomi. Kasi eka giredi ya khume na khumembirhi ku tirhisiwa kharikhulamu ya [[STEM]] eka vukorhokeri bya dyondzo yo ya emahlweni na ndzetelo. ku nyikiwa tidyondzo leti landzelaka; Xitsonga ririmi ra le kaya na Sepedi ririmi ra le kaya, xinghezi tanihi ririmi ro engetela, tidyondzo to kongomisa eka swa vutomi, tinhlayo, sayense ya nyama na thekinoloji ya mahungu. ku ngetela eka sweswo, mudyondzi u fanekele ku hlawula eka tidyondzo leti landzelaka; xibalo kumbe tidyondzo ta ikhonomi kumbe tidyondzo ta mabindzu kumbe sayense ya vutomi kumbe sayense ya vurimi. == Mintlangu leyi nyikeriwaka == Ntlangu wa bolo ya milenge, thenisi, netball, volleyball na basketball. Mbhetsa Academy yi tlhela yi hlanganisa machudeni hi ku va ya tinghenelerisa eka swipano swa timagazini, swipano swa njhekanjhekisano, swipano swa ku khoda na tirhoboto, swipano swa chess xinkanwe na vuhangalasi bya mahungu bya vutshila. == Swikombo == [[category:Mbhetsa]] [[category:STEM]] [[category:xikolo xa le henhla]] [[category:sayense]] e1ku5mraj9r3qvsfrytj65h0b1iaol6 0 7357 41671 39340 2026-06-07T00:59:42Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vaaki''' va fanerile ku landzelele swileriso leswi va nyikiweke hi varhangeri va vona. Leswi swi tiyisisa kuva vaaki vanga tluli [https://www.pansalb.org/wp-content/uploads/Xitsonga_Orthography-and-Spelling-Rules11-May-2022.pdf milawu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118033229/https://www.pansalb.org/wp-content/uploads/Xitsonga_Orthography-and-Spelling-Rules11-May-2022.pdf |date=2026-01-18 }} ya tiko leri va tshamaki eka rona. Leswi endlela ku tiyisisa vuhlayiseki bya vaaki ku katsa tiko ravona. Hi vona varhangeri va tindzawu to hambana-hambana va tumbuluxa milawu leyi pimelaki vaaki mahanyelo ya vona. xikombiso; tiko ra Welverdiend rina vuhosi lebyi vekaki milawu ya mahanyelo ya tiko ku tiyisisa leswaku vaaki a va tluli milawu, kambe loko u nwana wa vaaki loko o tshuka a tlurile milawu uta xupuriwa kuya hi nandzu wakwe. Muaki u fanerile ku nyikiwa xighwevo xo karhi ku tiyisisa leswaku a nga ha ngeteri hi nandzu wa yena.<ref>Xitsonga_Orthography-and-Spelling-Rules11-May-2022.pdf</ref> [[File:Village meeting at Pathali district Nandurbar forest rights Narmada BAchao Andolan activist Yogini Khanolkar 2008.jpg|left|thumb|example of community meeting ]] == Refherense == labcpllmvou7ok0wnt260c0s2o5fouh 3 7519 41673 39899 2026-06-07T11:32:17Z Ziv 11245 /* Hello dear visitor */ corr 41673 wikitext text/x-wiki == Hello dear visitor == [[Image:Anna Purni.jpg|left|240px]] <div style="text-align: center">''Welcome!''</div> <div style="text-align: center">''Feel free to leave me a message here,<br />but you will get a quicker response if you visit my [[:de:Benutzer Diskussion:Ziv|German Wikipedia]] or [[:Commons:User talk:Ziv|Commons Wikimedia]] user talk page.<br />Preferably in English, and I will be happy to answer your questions.'' ''Have a nice day! Best regards,''</div> <div style="text-align: center">[[User:Ziv|Ziv]] ([[User talk:Ziv|talk]]) 08:55, 5 Nyenyenyani 2026 (UTC)</div> nf0bwhpnl5oogpppfd17ovaajvptw95 0 7586 41672 40120 2026-06-07T01:08:06Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41672 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:History of Tsonga2.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa vatsonga machangana]] '''Vatsonga''' i ntlawa wo hambana wa tinxaka leti katsa Vashangaan, Vathonga, Vatonga, Vandzawu, VaTshwa, Vakalanga na Valoyi, ku vula tin’wana. Ku hambana ka tinxaka ka tala ku vangela leswaku van’wana va ala vito ra Shangaan kumbe Tsonga, swi ya hi munhu loyi u vulavulaka na yena. I swa nkoka ku twisisa leswaku Vatsonga hinkwavo va huma eka ntumbuluko wun’we, kambe xin’wana na xin’wana xa tinxaka xi teke vutivi ni vutihlawuleli byo hambana. Vatsonga va kumeka e[[Afrika-Dzonga]], e[[Muzambhiki|Mozambique]] na le [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heever |first=Alex van den |date=2024-11-27 |title=A Brief History of the Shangaan and Tsonga People |url=https://worldtrackers.co.za/news/history-of-shangaan-and-tsonga-people/ |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=World Trackers |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2025-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251207010621/https://worldtrackers.co.za/news/history-of-shangaan-and-tsonga-people/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Masungulo ya Vatsonga ma tlhela ma tlhelela emikarhini ya Hosi Shaka Zulu, loko a va tiveka hi ku cincana masela ni swibya swa tinhlalu va kuma koporo, mananga ni munyu. Hosi Shaka u rhumele Soshangane (Manukosi) leswaku a ya hlula ndhawu leyi sweswi yi vuriwaka Dzonga ra Mozambique hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-19 hi nkarhi wa mphikelelo wa Mfecane. [[Soshanghana|Soshangane]] u kokiwile hi ku saseka ni ku nona ka tiko rero swin’we ni ku titsongahata ka vaaki va rona, lava a va katsa tinxaka ta Vanguni na Vatsonga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shangaan Tsonga - Nguni People, Tribe - South Africa... |url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_shangaan_tsonga.html |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}</ref> == Swikombo == <references /> [[Category:Xitsonga]] e6saon4i0mvoqyb440y6sabh0ks4zw0