Wikipedia tswiki https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlukankulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4738 41836 40977 2026-07-25T21:35:57Z Nayitisam 12493 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359030673|Health]]" 41836 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rihanyo''' ri na tinhlamuselo to hambana hambana leti tirhisiweke eka swikongomelo swo hambana hiku famba ka nkarhi na swona i mhaka ya swiyenge swo hlaya. Hi ntolovelo ri kombetela eka ku hlayiseki ka mirhi ni bya mienhleketo . Rihanyo leri faneleke ri fambisana ni ku tirha loku tolovelekeke ka miri wa munhu evuton’wini bya siku na siku, ku pfumaleka ka [[Mavabyi|vuvabyi]], ku vava (ku katsa ni ku vava emianakanyweni ), kumbe ku vaviseka . Rihanyo ri nga khutaziwa hi ku khutaza mintirho leyi nga ni rihanyo, yo tanihi ku endla vutiolori nkarhi na nkarhi niku etlela [[vurhongo]] lebyi ringaneke, ni hi ku hunguta kumbe ku papalata mintirho kumbe swiyimo leswi nga riki na rihanyo, swo fana niku ku tirhisa fole kumbe ntikelo lowukulu . Rihanyo ri vuriwa leswaku ri khumbeka hi ku hlawula ka munhu hi xiyexe, ku fana na mahanyelo ya khombo lerikulu, xikan’we na swihlawulekisi swa xivumbeko, swo tanihi xihlawuhlawu eka nhlayiso wa rihanyo . Xaku hetelela i ku vula leswaku vaaki va lulamisiwile hi ndlela leyi endlaka leswaku swi olovela van’wana, naswona swi tika eka van’wana, ku kuma nsirhelelo wa rihanyo kumbe ku tihlanganisa ni mahanyelo yo tlakusa rihanyo lerinene. Rihanyo ri nga hava ri khumbeka hi swilo swa ntivo-vutomi swo fana na swiphiqo swa xitekela . Mintirho leyi hlelekeke yo sirhela naku horisa swiphiqo swa rihanyo na ku tlakusa rihanyo ra kahle eka vaaki yi tumbuluxiwa hi vaphakeri va nhlayiso wa rihanyo, ku fana na ku kamberiwa ka vukamberi kumbe ku nyika mirhi, kasi swikombelo mayelana na rihanyo ra swiharhi swi katsiwile hi sayense ya vutshunguri bya swiharhi . Rito "rihanyo" ri tlhela ri tirhisiwa ngopfu eka xiyimo xa tinxaka to tala ta minhlengeletano leyi nga hanyiki na ku khumbeka ka tona ku vuyerisa vanhu, ku fana na hi ndlela ya miganga leyi hanyeke kahle, madoroba lama hanyeke kahle kumbe tindhawu leti hanyeke kahle . Ku engetela eka ku nghenelela ka nhlayiso wa rihanyo na ndhawu leyi munhu a nga eka yona, swilo swin’wana swo hlaya swa tiviwa ku khumba xiyimo xa rihanyo ra vanhu. Leswi swi vuriwa "swihlawulekisi swa rihanyo", leswi katsaka rimbewu ra munhu, rixaka, ndlela ya vutomi, na xiyimo xa ikhonomi. Minkambisiso yi kombise leswaku ntshikilelo lowu tlakukeke wu nga khumba rihanyo ra vanhu. == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == {{Reflist}} 0ihk2eyv3h5yrjmuwu8y9hvy54yeacy 0 7927 41833 41755 2026-07-25T20:42:05Z Zeeluna 12489 Added references 41833 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Нейрохирургическая операция в Институте Склифосовского.jpg|thumb|418x418px|Madokodela ma ri karha ma endla vuhandzuri exibedlhele.]] Muongori '''Muongori''' loyi a tlhelaka ativeka tanihi dokodela, i mutivi wa swa vutshunguri la nga ni layisense loyi a kambelaka, a tshungulaka, ni ku pfuneta ku sivela mavabyi, ku vaviseka ni swiyimo swin'wana swa rihanyo. Madokodela kumbe vaongori va kambela vavabyi, va humusela swikambelo swa vutshunguri, va nyika mirhi, va endla maendlelo ya vutshunguri ni ku nyika switsundzuxo mayelana na ku [[hlayisa]] rihanyo lerinene. Va tirha eka tindhawu to hambana hambana, ku katsa [[swibedlhele]], titliliniki, ku tirha eka tindhawu ta phurayivhete, tindhawu ta ndzavisiso ni tindhawu ta rihanyo ta mani na mani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What does a doctor do? - CareerExplorer |url=https://www.careerexplorer.com/careers/doctor/ |access-date=2026-07-25 |website=www.careerexplorer.com}}</ref> Loko munhu a lava ku va dokodela, u fanele ku dyondza matematiki, sayense na [[biology]] exikolweni xa le henhla na swona u fanele a swi pasela ehenhla swinene. Swilaveko swa hambana hi matiko kambe hi ntolovelo swi katsa kuma digiri ya vudukodela, ku hetisa ndzetelo wa tliliniki lowu languteriweke ku fana na ku dyondzeriwa ntirho kumbe ku tshama, na ku kuma layisense yo tirha vudokodela. Madokodela yo tala ma tlhela ma landzelela lowu engetelekeke eka ntirho wo hlawuleka wa vutshunguri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery [MBChB] {{!}} UP |url=https://www.up.ac.za/programmes/undergraduate/bachelor-of-medicine-and-surgery-mbchb/2026 |access-date=2026-07-25 |website=www.up.ac.za |language=en}}</ref> [[Madokodela]] kumbe vaongori va nga ha va na vutshila eka swiyenge swo tanihi vutshunguri bya ndyangu, vutshunguri bya le ndzeni, vutshunguri bya vana, vuhandzuri, vutshunguri bya ku veleka ni bya vavasati, vutshunguri bya miehleketo, bya mbilu, ni vutshunguri bya xihatla. Vativi va vudokodela va kume ndzetelo wa xiyimo xa le henhla lowu va endlaka va kota ku kambela ni ku tshungula swiyimo leswi nga endzeni ka ndhawu yo karhi ya [[vutshunguri.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-26 |title=31 types of medical doctors: A guide to medical specialists |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-medical-doctors |access-date=2026-07-25 |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |language=en}}</ref> Handle ka ku tshungula mavabyi, madokodela ma hoxa xandla swinene eku siveleni ka mavabyi ni ku tlakusa rihanyo. Va nyika switlhavelo, va endla swikambelo swa rihanyo, na ku pfuneta ku lawula mavabyi lama nga tshungulekiki, Madokodela ma tlhela ma languteriwa ku landzelela mimpimanyeto ya xiphurofexinali ni ya mahanyelo, ku katsa ni ku xixima xihundla xa muvabyi, ku kuma mpfumelelo lowu nga ni vutivi ni ku nyika vukorhokeri leby sekeriweke eka vumbhoni lebyinene bya sayense leby nga kona.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disease prevention |url=https://patient.info/doctor/screening-prevention/promoting-prevention-and-barriers-to-prevention |access-date=2026-07-25 |website=patient.info |language=en}}</ref> Phurofexini ya swa vutshunguri yi ya emahlweni yi hluvuka hi nhluvuko eka ndzavisiso wa [[thekinoloji]], na tisiseme ta nhlayiso wa rihanyo, leswi endlaka leswaku madokodela ma kota ku antswisa nhlayiso wa vavabyi na mimbuyelo ya rihanyo. == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == ozf7nwa4o62yru44uz8ssfhqw6hx4aa 41834 41833 2026-07-25T20:45:36Z Zeeluna 12489 Added categories 41834 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Нейрохирургическая операция в Институте Склифосовского.jpg|thumb|418x418px|Madokodela ma ri karha ma endla vuhandzuri exibedlhele.]] Muongori '''Muongori''' loyi a tlhelaka ativeka tanihi dokodela, i mutivi wa swa vutshunguri la nga ni layisense loyi a kambelaka, a tshungulaka, ni ku pfuneta ku sivela mavabyi, ku vaviseka ni swiyimo swin'wana swa rihanyo. Madokodela kumbe vaongori va kambela vavabyi, va humusela swikambelo swa vutshunguri, va nyika mirhi, va endla maendlelo ya vutshunguri ni ku nyika switsundzuxo mayelana na ku [[hlayisa]] rihanyo lerinene. Va tirha eka tindhawu to hambana hambana, ku katsa [[swibedlhele]], titliliniki, ku tirha eka tindhawu ta phurayivhete, tindhawu ta ndzavisiso ni tindhawu ta rihanyo ta mani na mani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What does a doctor do? - CareerExplorer |url=https://www.careerexplorer.com/careers/doctor/ |access-date=2026-07-25 |website=www.careerexplorer.com}}</ref> Loko munhu a lava ku va dokodela, u fanele ku dyondza matematiki, sayense na [[biology]] exikolweni xa le henhla na swona u fanele a swi pasela ehenhla swinene. Swilaveko swa hambana hi matiko kambe hi ntolovelo swi katsa kuma digiri ya vudukodela, ku hetisa ndzetelo wa tliliniki lowu languteriweke ku fana na ku dyondzeriwa ntirho kumbe ku tshama, na ku kuma layisense yo tirha vudokodela. Madokodela yo tala ma tlhela ma landzelela lowu engetelekeke eka ntirho wo hlawuleka wa vutshunguri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery [MBChB] {{!}} UP |url=https://www.up.ac.za/programmes/undergraduate/bachelor-of-medicine-and-surgery-mbchb/2026 |access-date=2026-07-25 |website=www.up.ac.za |language=en}}</ref> [[Madokodela]] kumbe vaongori va nga ha va na vutshila eka swiyenge swo tanihi vutshunguri bya ndyangu, vutshunguri bya le ndzeni, vutshunguri bya vana, vuhandzuri, vutshunguri bya ku veleka ni bya vavasati, vutshunguri bya miehleketo, bya mbilu, ni vutshunguri bya xihatla. Vativi va vudokodela va kume ndzetelo wa xiyimo xa le henhla lowu va endlaka va kota ku kambela ni ku tshungula swiyimo leswi nga endzeni ka ndhawu yo karhi ya [[vutshunguri.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-26 |title=31 types of medical doctors: A guide to medical specialists |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-medical-doctors |access-date=2026-07-25 |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |language=en}}</ref> Handle ka ku tshungula mavabyi, madokodela ma hoxa xandla swinene eku siveleni ka mavabyi ni ku tlakusa rihanyo. Va nyika switlhavelo, va endla swikambelo swa rihanyo, na ku pfuneta ku lawula mavabyi lama nga tshungulekiki, Madokodela ma tlhela ma languteriwa ku landzelela mimpimanyeto ya xiphurofexinali ni ya mahanyelo, ku katsa ni ku xixima xihundla xa muvabyi, ku kuma mpfumelelo lowu nga ni vutivi ni ku nyika vukorhokeri leby sekeriweke eka vumbhoni lebyinene bya sayense leby nga kona.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disease prevention |url=https://patient.info/doctor/screening-prevention/promoting-prevention-and-barriers-to-prevention |access-date=2026-07-25 |website=patient.info |language=en}}</ref> Phurofexini ya swa vutshunguri yi ya emahlweni yi hluvuka hi nhluvuko eka ndzavisiso wa [[thekinoloji]], na tisiseme ta nhlayiso wa rihanyo, leswi endlaka leswaku madokodela ma kota ku antswisa nhlayiso wa vavabyi na mimbuyelo ya rihanyo. == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == <references /> [[Category:Murhi]] [[Category:Xitulu xa mavhilwa]] 5r627i6foktw5hbbxhxcyx0udz2lzgl 0 7948 41835 2026-07-25T21:06:36Z Nayitisam 12493 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356394950|Wood]]" 41835 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tihunyi''' i switirhisiwa swa xivumbeko leyi kumekaka tani hi xylem eka swirhabyani na timintsu ta misinya na swimilani swin’wana swa tihunyi . kuva switirhisiwa swa ntumbulukol, leswi tivekaka tani hi nchumu wa organic – xivumbeko xa ntumbuluko xa fibre ta cellulosic leti tiyeke eka tension naswona ti hlayiwa eka [[wiktionary:matrix|matrix]] ya lignin na hemicelluloses leyi lwisanaka na ntshikelelo. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Brinkman|first=Eddy|date=2021-08-27|title=Wood, a sustainable natural composite material|url=https://www.betase.nl/wood/?lang=en|accessdate=2025-11-03|website=Betase BV}} "Wood is a natural composite material, with cellulose fibres embedded in a matrix of lignin and hemicelluloses – all three components composed of natural polymers. Lignin is the glue that holds the cellulose fibres together."</ref> Eka minkarhi yin’wana tihunyi ti hlamuseriwa tanihi xylem ya vumbirhi ntsena eka swirhabyani swa nsinya, kumbe hi ku pfuleka ku katsa muxaka lowu fanaka wa nyama kun’wana, ku fana na letimintswini ta nsinya kumbe magungu. Eka nsinya lowu hanyaka, wu endla ntirho wo seketela muchini, wu endla leswaku swimilana swa tihunyi swikulu kutani swi yima hi wexe. Yitlhela yi hundzisela mati na swakudya exikarhi ka matluka, nyama yin’wana leti kulu, na timintsu. Tihunyi ti nga tlhela ti komba eka swilo swin’wana swa swimilana leswi nga ni swivumbeko leswi ringanisiwaka, ni swilo leswi endliweka hi tihunyi, swiphemu swa tihunyi, kumbe tifibre . Tihunyi ti tirhisiwile ku ringana magidi ya malembe ku va mafurha, tanihi xitirhisiwa xo aka, ku endla switirhisiwa na matlharhi, fenichara na maphepha . Swesw inyana yi humelela tanihi switirhisiwa swo dyela eka ku endliwa ka cellulose leyi basisiweke ni swilo leswi humaka eka yona, swo tanihi cellophane na cellulose acetate . == Swihlovo == == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == {{Reflist|30em}} 7riqt0rf3ppwsu555udp8xo7kywm2nm