Wikipedia tswiki https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlukankulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 2 5158 42040 39898 2026-08-23T17:31:26Z CommonsDelinker 60 Removing [[:c:File:President_Adly_Mansour_(cropped).jpg|President_Adly_Mansour_(cropped).jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Abzeronow|Abzeronow]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:President Adly Mansour (cropped).jpg|]]. 42040 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a President of Egypt who was President twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q15618993 } |section= |sort=P39/Q15618993/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q15618993/P580:Start date,P39/Q15618993/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' style='width:100%' !Article !description !Country !Start date !End date !Image |- | ''[[:d:Q733919|Sufi Abu Taleb]]'' | | [[Gibita|Egypt]] | | | [[File:Sufi Abu Taleb.gif|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q307871|Abd El-Fattah El-Sisi]]'' | | [[Gibita|Egypt]] | 2014-06-08 | | [[File:AbdelFattah Elsisi (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q13593432|Adly Mansour]]'' | | [[Gibita|Egypt]] | 2013-07-03 | 2014-06-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4631|Mohamed Morsi]]'' | | [[Gibita|Egypt]] | 2012-06-30 | 2013-07-03 | [[File:President Mohamed Morsi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q34105|Hosni Mubarak]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q124943|Q124943]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3087763|Q3087763]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q170468|Q170468]]''<br/>[[Gibita|Egypt]] | 1981-10-14 | 2011-02-11 | [[File:Hosni Mubarak - Official Photo.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42013|Anwar el Sadat]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q124943|Q124943]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3087763|Q3087763]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q170468|Q170468]]''<br/>[[Gibita|Egypt]] | 1970-09-28 | 1981-10-06 | [[File:Anwar Sadat cropped.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q39524|Gamal Abdel Nasser]]'' | | [[Gibita|Egypt]] | 1956-06-23 | 1970-09-28 | [[File:Stevan Kragujevic, Gamal Abdel Naser u Beogradu, 1962.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q104392|Mohamed Naguib]]'' | | [[Gibita|Egypt]] | 1953-06-18 | 1954-11-14 | [[File:Muhammad Naguib 1953.jpg|center|128px]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} 05a6ik6ndbcfzqp8zrxix6vyxudly54 2 7614 42043 42039 2026-08-23T20:03:36Z Zeeluna 12489 42043 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i Zeeluna [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 2|Draft 2]] *[[User:Zeeluna/Draft 3|Draft 3]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 4|Draft 4]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 5|Draft 5]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 6|Draft 6]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 7|Draft 7]] *[[Draft 8|tintshava]] <nowiki>*</nowiki>[[Draft 9]] * [[Lebone Seema]] * [[Zeeluna/Draft 11]] 71yihb7w7nobssoq7wqmmxi8kk5ib7l 42044 42043 2026-08-23T20:05:38Z Zeeluna 12489 42044 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i Zeeluna [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 2|Draft 2]] *[[User:Zeeluna/Draft 3|Draft 3]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 4|Draft 4]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 5|Draft 5]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 6|Draft 6]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 7|Draft 7]] *[[Draft 8]] <nowiki>*</nowiki>[[Draft 9]] * [[Lebone Seema]] * [[Zeeluna/Draft 11|Zeeluna/ Draft 11]] n650vz3hphzajaes5qyli02eouya9mt 42045 42044 2026-08-23T20:07:59Z Zeeluna 12489 42045 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i Zeeluna [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 2|Draft 2]] *[[User:Zeeluna/Draft 3|Draft 3]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 4|Draft 4]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 5|Draft 5]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 6|Draft 6]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 7|Draft 7]] *[[Draft 8]] <nowiki>*</nowiki>[[Draft 9]] * [[Lebone Seema|Draft 10]] * [[Zeeluna/Draft 11|Draft 11]] ngtuj6ethlv40zjzqdvcdnfvw2t1zjx 42046 42045 2026-08-23T20:16:58Z Zeeluna 12489 42046 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i Zeeluna [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 2|Draft 2]] *[[User:Zeeluna/Draft 3|Draft 3]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 4|Draft 4]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 5|Draft 5]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 6|Draft 6]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 7|Draft 7]] *[[Draft 8]] <nowiki>*</nowiki>[[Draft 9]] * [[Lebone Seema|Draft 10]] b406sj09xl1mllhu7okwxnq2p2ure9d 42049 42046 2026-08-23T21:39:35Z ~2026-46055-36 12934 42049 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i Zeeluna [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 2|Draft 2]] *[[User:Zeeluna/Draft 3|Draft 3]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 4|Draft 4]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 5|Draft 5]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 6|Draft 6]] * [[User:Zeeluna/Draft 7|Draft 7]] *[[Draft 8]]<blockquote><nowiki>*</nowiki>[[Draft 9]] * [[Lebone Seema|Draft 10]] *[[Draft 11]] *[[Draft 12]]</blockquote> gzwlygwk1tqp6cqktpdkrpti36qz4sn 2 7615 42050 42018 2026-08-23T22:35:18Z Nayitisam 12493 42050 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i Nayitisam [[User:Nayitisam/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:Nayitisam/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[*Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[Vamakwenu|Draft4]] [[Draft5]] [[Telkom residence]] [[Ngoma]] cfww8mcbtgjkju9pr4wwbjnzexgdda0 0 8009 42041 42037 2026-08-23T18:58:18Z Achim55 4199 Achim55 moved page [[User:Lebone Seema]] to [[Lebone Seema]] over redirect: moving back 42034 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lebone_Seema.jpg|right|508x508px]] Lebone Seema '''Lebone Seema''' loyi a tivekaka tanihi "The Great Wall" i mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge wa xiphurofexinali wa [[Afrika-Dzonga]] loyi a tlangaka tanihi muyimeri wa le xikarhi (musilerheri wa le xikarhi/ central defender) eka xipano xa Orlando Pirates eka [[premiership]] ya Afrika-Dzonga. Seema u ambala nomboro ya 6 eka xipano xa [[Orlando Pirates]]. U tekiwa tanihi un'wana wa vatlangi lava ntsongo lava tshembisaka laha tikweni ra Afrika-Dzonga. Seema u velekewile hi lembe ra 2003 hi n'hweti ya Dzivamisoko hi siku ra vuntlhanu eAlexandra eJohannesburg.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2025-12-28|title=Orlando Pirates new signings mid-term report: 1 of 12|url=https://www.soccerbullet.co.za/orlando-pirates-new-signings-mid-term-report-1-of-12/|website=Soccer Bullet|language=en|access-date=2026-08-19}}</ref> Seema i khale ka mutlangi wa [[Ts Galaxy]] laha a nga hundziseriwa eka xipano xa Orlando Pirates hi lembe ra 2025.<ref name=":0" /> Seema u kumile nyingiso endhzaku ko nghena eka xipano xo sungula xa TS Galaxy hi matirhelo yo difenda lamanene. Endzhaku ka ku rhurhela eka Orlando Pirates, u tiyisisile tanihi musunguri wa nkarhi na nkarhi, a hlamarisa hi ''tackling and positioning'' swa matimba, ku rhula loko a ri karhi a tlanga, na vuswikoti lebyinene. Matlangelo ya yena ya endle leswaku vahlaleri vo tala va bolo ya milenge va Afrika-Dzonga va n'wi languta tanihi un'wana wa titalenta ta ''difensive'' leti tlakukeke ta tiko, na vuswikoti byo humelela swinene eka swiyimo swa le henhla swa ntlangu wa laha kaya. U tlangile [[mintlangu]] ya makumenharhu nkaye (39) laha anga howisa tigoli tinharhu no tlhela a pfuneta ku howisa kan'we (1). Eka nguva leyi nga hundza u kume sagwati ra defendara ya [[nguva]] (defender of the season) eka Premiership endzhaku ka pfhumba ra yena ro pfuleka na xipano xa Pirates. U vile na xiave lexikulu eka ku humelela ka xipano, a hoxa xandla eka ku hlula eka MTN8, Carling Knockout Cup, Black Label Cup, na 2025/26 Premier Soccer League. U vile museketeri wa xipano xa Pirates ku sukela evuhlangini, hikwalaho ku joyina xipano lexi swi tikomba onge i norho lowu hetisekeke.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-08-04|title=Lebone Seema {{!}} Orlando Pirates FC|url=https://www.orlandopiratesfc.com/team/defenders/lebone-seema/|website=www.orlandopiratesfc.com|language=en-ZA|access-date=2026-08-19}}</ref> Hi ku gimeta, Lebone Seema i mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge wa Afrika-Dzonga loyi a tshembhisaka loyi ntirho wa yena wa [[matimba]] na ku tinyiketela ks yens swi n'wi pfuneke ku tlakuka hi swiyimo swa bolo ya milenge ya xuphurofexinali. Kusuka eka ku hluvukisa eka TS Galaxy ku ya eka ku va mudifendara wa nkoka eka xipano xa Orlando Pirates, u tiyisisile tanihi um'wana wa titalenta ta ''defensive'' leti tsakisaka eka bolo ya milenge ya Afrika Dzonga. Matirhelo ya yena ya matimba, ku tinyiketela ka yena swi ringanyeta leswaku u na vumundzuku byo [[vangama]]. == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == <references /> ao6h2c1czy52bugd4dxy838rooo7b7c 2 8011 42042 2026-08-23T18:58:18Z Achim55 4199 Achim55 moved page [[User:Lebone Seema]] to [[Lebone Seema]] over redirect: moving back 42042 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lebone Seema]] os2myfk6rvsrewhocqedp0ci4yb1gco 0 8012 42047 2026-08-23T20:49:56Z Zeeluna 12489 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368685319|Alcoholic beverage]]" 42047 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Swakunwa leswi nga ni xihoko''' (leswi tlhelaka swi vuriwa '''swakunwa leswi nga ni xihoko''' kumbe '''swakunwa swa byalwa bya matimba kumbe byala bya matimba''') i swakunwa swihi na swihi leswi nga ni byala, ku nga murhi lowu tshikilelaka fambiselo ra misiha ya le xikarhi. Hi ntolovelo ti avanyisiwile hi mintlawa yinharhu: [[Byala|tibiya]], tivhinyo, na swipiriti; na nhlayo ya byala hi ntolovelo exikarhi ka 3% na 50%. Nhlayo leyi kongomeke leyi swakunwa swi tekiwaka tanihi byala ha yona ya hambana hi ku ya hi matiko, laha van’wana va tekaka swakunwa leswi nga ehansi ka 0,5% tanihi leswi nga riki na byala. Swakunwa leswi ngopfu-ngopfu swi nwiwa hikwalaho ka switandzhaku swa miehleketo leswi swi endliwaka hi swona. Miganga yo tala yi na ndhavuko wo hlawuleka wo nwa, laha swakunwa swa xihoko swi hlanganisiwaka eka minkhuvo. Matiko yo tala ya ni milawu leyi lawulaka ku endliwa, ku xavisiwa ni ku nwa swakunwa swa xihoko. <ref name="IARD">{{Cite web|title=Minimum Legal Age Limits|url=http://www.iard.org/policy-tables/minimum-legal-age-limits/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504144607/http://www.iard.org/policy-tables/minimum-legal-age-limits/|archive-date=4 May 2016|accessdate=23 June 2016|website=IARD.org|publisher=International Alliance for Responsible Drinking}}</ref> Milawu yin’wana yi lava leswaku ku tsariwa tiphesente ta byala (tanihi ABV kumbe vumbhoni) ni ku tirhisiwa ka lebula ya xilemukiso. Matiko man’wana ya yirisa ku nwa swakunwa swa xihoko, kambe swi le nawini eswiphen’wini swin'wana swo tala swa misava. Ntlawa wa ku tikhoma a wu seketeli ku nwa swakunwa swa xihoko. Indasitiri ya swakunwa swa xihoko ya misava hinkwayo a yi tlula $1.5 wa mabiliyoni hi 2017. <ref name="PMID32079559">{{Cite journal |first=13–25}}</ref> Byala i xin’wana xa swidzidziharisi leswi tirhisiwaka ngopfu swa vuhungasi emisaveni, naswona kwalomu ka 33% wa vanhu hinkwavo sweswi va nwa byala. <ref name="Lancet2018GBD">{{Cite journal |last1=29 |first=1015–1035}}</ref> Hi 2015, exikarhi ka Maamerika, 86% wa vanhu lavakulu a va nwile byala hi nkarhi wo karhi, laha 70% va nga byi nwile eka lembe ro hetelela na 56% eka n’hweti yo hetelela. <ref name="niaaa">{{Cite web|date=August 2018|title=Alcohol Facts and Statistics|url=http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-facts-and-statistics|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081638/http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-facts-and-statistics|archive-date=18 May 2015|accessdate=8 October 2018|website=National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism|publisher=[[National Institute of Health]]}}</ref> Swiharhi swin’wana swo hlayanyana swi hlaseriwa hi byala lebyi fanaka ni bya vanhu naswona loko se swi byi nwa, swi ta tlhela swi byi nwa na kambe loko swi nyikiwa nkarhi; hambiswiritano, vanhu hi vona ntsena muxaka wa swiharhi leswi tiviwaka hi ku humesa swakunwa swa xihoko hi vomu. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Zielinski|first=Sarah|date=16 September 2011|title=The Alcoholics of the Animal World|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-alcoholics-of-the-animal-world-81007700/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822103535/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-alcoholics-of-the-animal-world-81007700/|archive-date=22 August 2015|accessdate=29 July 2015|website=Smithsonian}}</ref> Byala i murhi lowu tshikilelaka, ku nga ntlawa wa murhi lowu tirhisaka mianakanyo lowu hungutaka ntirho eka fambiselo ra misiha ya le xikarhi. Hi mpimo wa le hansi swi vanga euphoria, swi hunguta ku vilela, naswona swi engetela ku hanyisana na vanhu. Hi mpimo lowu tlakukeke, wu vanga ku dakwa, ku titivala, kumbe rifu (ku tlula mpimo). Ku nwa byala nkarhi wo leha swi nga endla leswaku u dzaha, ku nga khombo lerikulu ro khomiwa hi tinxaka to hlayanyana ta khensa, vuvabyi bya mbilu ni misiha ni ku titshega hi miri. Byala byi hlayiwa tanihi ntlawa wo sungula lowu vangaka khensa. Hi 2023, nkandziyiso wa mahungu wa Nhlangano wa Rihanyo wa Misava Hinkwayo wu vule leswaku "khombo eka rihanyo ra munhu loyi a nwaka ri sungula eka thonsi ro sungula ra swakunwa swihi na swihi swa xihoko." <ref name="WHO">{{Cite web|date=4 January 2023|title=No level of alcohol consumption is safe for our health|url=https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/04-01-2023-no-level-of-alcohol-consumption-is-safe-for-our-health|website=[[World Health Organization]]}}</ref> 3dtblewxh8we1t4ijfcx6r6599uwy88 42048 42047 2026-08-23T20:51:42Z Zeeluna 12489 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368685319|Alcoholic beverage]]" 42048 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Swakunwa leswi nga ni xihoko''' (leswi tlhelaka swi vuriwa '''swakunwa leswi nga ni xihoko''' kumbe '''swakunwa swa byalwa bya matimba kumbe byala bya matimba''') i swakunwa swihi na swihi leswi nga ni byala, ku nga murhi lowu tshikilelaka fambiselo ra misiha ya le xikarhi. Hi ntolovelo ti avanyisiwile hi mintlawa yinharhu: [[Byala|tibiya]], tivhinyo, na swipiriti; na nhlayo ya byala hi ntolovelo exikarhi ka 3% na 50%. Nhlayo leyi kongomeke leyi swakunwa swi tekiwaka tanihi byala ha yona ya hambana hi ku ya hi matiko, laha van’wana va tekaka swakunwa leswi nga ehansi ka 0,5% tanihi leswi nga riki na byala. Swakunwa leswi ngopfu-ngopfu swi nwiwa hikwalaho ka switandzhaku swa miehleketo leswi swi endliwaka hi swona. Miganga yo tala yi na ndhavuko wo hlawuleka wo nwa, laha swakunwa swa xihoko swi hlanganisiwaka eka minkhuvo. Matiko yo tala ya ni milawu leyi lawulaka ku endliwa, ku xavisiwa ni ku nwa swakunwa swa xihoko. <ref name="IARD">{{Cite web|title=Minimum Legal Age Limits|url=http://www.iard.org/policy-tables/minimum-legal-age-limits/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504144607/http://www.iard.org/policy-tables/minimum-legal-age-limits/|archive-date=4 May 2016|accessdate=23 June 2016|website=IARD.org|publisher=International Alliance for Responsible Drinking}}</ref> Milawu yin’wana yi lava leswaku ku tsariwa tiphesente ta byala (tanihi ABV kumbe vumbhoni) ni ku tirhisiwa ka lebula ya xilemukiso. Matiko man’wana ya yirisa ku nwa swakunwa swa xihoko, kambe swi le nawini eswiphen’wini swin'wana swo tala swa misava. Ntlawa wa ku tikhoma a wu seketeli ku nwa swakunwa swa xihoko. Indasitiri ya swakunwa swa xihoko ya misava hinkwayo a yi tlula $1.5 wa mabiliyoni hi 2017. <ref name="PMID32079559">{{Cite journal |first=13–25}}</ref> Byala i xin’wana xa swidzidziharisi leswi tirhisiwaka ngopfu swa vuhungasi emisaveni, naswona kwalomu ka 33% wa vanhu hinkwavo sweswi va nwa byala. <ref name="Lancet2018GBD">{{Cite journal |last1=29 |first=1015–1035}}</ref> Hi 2015, exikarhi ka Maamerika, 86% wa vanhu lavakulu a va nwile byala hi nkarhi wo karhi, laha 70% va nga byi nwile eka lembe ro hetelela na 56% eka n’hweti yo hetelela. <ref name="niaaa">{{Cite web|date=August 2018|title=Alcohol Facts and Statistics|url=http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-facts-and-statistics|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081638/http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-facts-and-statistics|archive-date=18 May 2015|accessdate=8 October 2018|website=National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism|publisher=[[National Institute of Health]]}}</ref> Swiharhi swin’wana swo hlayanyana swi hlaseriwa hi byala lebyi fanaka ni bya vanhu naswona loko se swi byi nwa, swi ta tlhela swi byi nwa na kambe loko swi nyikiwa nkarhi; hambiswiritano, vanhu hi vona ntsena muxaka wa swiharhi leswi tiviwaka hi ku humesa swakunwa swa xihoko hi vomu. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Zielinski|first=Sarah|date=16 September 2011|title=The Alcoholics of the Animal World|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-alcoholics-of-the-animal-world-81007700/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822103535/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-alcoholics-of-the-animal-world-81007700/|archive-date=22 August 2015|accessdate=29 July 2015|website=Smithsonian}}</ref> Byala i murhi lowu tshikilelaka, ku nga ntlawa wa murhi lowu tirhisaka mianakanyo lowu hungutaka ntirho eka fambiselo ra misiha ya le xikarhi. Hi mpimo wa le hansi swi vanga euphoria, swi hunguta ku vilela, naswona swi engetela ku hanyisana na vanhu. Hi mpimo lowu tlakukeke, wu vanga ku dakwa, ku titivala, kumbe rifu (ku tlula mpimo). Ku nwa byala nkarhi wo leha swi nga endla leswaku u dzaha, ku nga khombo lerikulu ro khomiwa hi tinxaka to hlayanyana ta khensa, vuvabyi bya mbilu ni misiha ni ku titshega hi miri. Byala byi hlayiwa tanihi ntlawa wo sungula lowu vangaka khensa. Hi 2023, nkandziyiso wa mahungu wa Nhlangano wa Rihanyo wa Misava Hinkwayo wu vule leswaku "khombo eka rihanyo ra munhu loyi a nwaka ri sungula eka thonsi ro sungula ra swakunwa swihi na swihi swa xihoko." <ref name="WHO">{{Cite web|date=4 January 2023|title=No level of alcohol consumption is safe for our health|url=https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/04-01-2023-no-level-of-alcohol-consumption-is-safe-for-our-health|website=[[World Health Organization]]}}</ref> == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == 03o6rtejsp8n3ky2dm40dbq1dwc1gga 0 8013 42051 2026-08-24T08:17:14Z NastyB innit 12496 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363936970|Samp]]" 42051 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Samp''' i swakudya leswi endliweke kusuka eka ti corn kernels leti omisiweke letinga tshoveriwa naku tsemiwa kufikela ti tshoveka, kambe ku nga ri ku gayeriwa kahle ku fana na mealie-meal kumbe mielie. Xifunengeto lexi rhendzeleke kernel xa olova naswona xi susiwa hinkarhi wa pounding na stamping process. Yi dyiwa eDzongeni hinkwawo ka Afrika xikan’we na vanhu va Lozi na Tonga vale [[Zambiya|Zambia]] na chukele na masi yo tshwuka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Toi |first=Cheryl Sam |last2=Cleaton-Jones |first2=Peter |date=April 2006 |title=The effect of traditional African food mixtures on growth, pH and extracellular polysaccharide production by mutans streptococci in vitro |journal=Anaerobe |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=99–105 |doi=10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.01.001 |issn=1075-9964 |pmid=16701622}}</ref> Yinga tlhela yi phameriwa na gravy na swiengeteri swohambana hambana. Yi swekiwa na tinyawa eka muxaka wa maXhosa wa umngqusho naswona minkarhi yin'wana yi dyiwa na chakalaka. Yi nga ha tlhela yi phameriwa na nyama ya homu, xinyimpfana, huku na le eka switolwa. 0ijbfasv5esamxs67jcxca3e0346z5k 0 8014 42052 2026-08-24T09:03:42Z NastyB innit 12496 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369753249|Eggs as food]]" 42052 wikitext text/x-wiki   Vanhu ni ti- hominid tin’wana ti dye Matandza ku ringana timiliyoni ta malembe. Matandza lama ya dyiwaka ngopfu i ya swinyenyana, ngopfu ngopfu tihuku. Vanhu vale Dzonga-vuxa bya Asia vasungule ku tshovela matandza ya ti huku kuva va ya dya kwalomu ka 1500 B.C.E. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Peters |first=Joris |last2=Lebrasseur |first2=Ophélie |last3=Irving-Pease |first3=Evan K. |last4=Paxinos |first4=Ptolemaios Dimitrios |last5=Best |first5=Julia |last6=Smallman |first6=Riley |last7=Callou |first7=Cécile |last8=Gardeisen |first8=Armelle |last9=Trixl |first9=Simon |last10=Frantz |first10=Laurent |last11=Sykes |first11=Naomi |last12=Fuller |first12=Dorian Q. |last13=Larson |first13=Greger |display-authors=3 |date=14 June 2022 |title=The biocultural origins and dispersal of domestic chickens |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=119 |issue=24 |article-number=e2121978119 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11921978P |doi=10.1073/pnas.2121978119 |pmc=9214543 |pmid=35666876 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Matandza ya [[Xinyenyani|swinyenyana]] swin’wana, swo tanihi tidada ni timhandzi, ya dyiwa nkarhi na nkarhi kambe a ma dyeki ngopfu ku tlula ya tihuku. Vanhu va nga ha tlhela va dya matandza ya swihadyana leswi hahaka, swiharhi leswi hanyaka ematini ni le misaveni ni tinhlampfi . Matandza ya tinhlampfi lama dyiwaka tanihi swakudya ma tiviwa tanihi roe kumbe caviar . Tihuku na swivumbiwa swin’wana leswi vekaka Matandza swi fuyiwa emisaveni hinkwayo naswona ku endliwa Matandza hivunyingi bya Matandza ya Tihuku i bindzu ra misava hinkwayo. Hi 2009, ku ringanyetiwe leswaku 62.1 million metric tons ya matandza ya humelerisiwile emisaveni hinkwayo kusuka eka ntlhambi hinkwawo lowu vekaka ka kwalomu ka 6.4 billion wa tihuku. Kuna timhaka ta ku hambana ka Miganga eka xilaveko na ku langutela, xikan’we na minjhekanjhekisano ya sweswi swa mayelana na tindlela ta vuhumelerisi bya xitalo. Hi 2012, [[Nhlangono wa matiko ya Yuropa|Nhlangano wa Matiko ya Yuropa]] wu herise ku fuwa tihuku hi tibetiri. [[Category:Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows]] 3ijtruxfqg26kcdgxbhujp76onu60x5 0 8015 42053 2026-08-24T09:26:20Z NastyB innit 12496 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367739969|Mouse]]" 42053 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kondlo''' ( pl. mice ) i xikondlwana lexitsongo, hi xihlawulekisi lexi tivekaka hi ku va ni nomu lowu nga ni tinhla, tindleve letitsongo ta xirhendzevutana, ncila lowu nga ni swirhumbana lowu ringanaka ni mirhi ni mpimo lowu tlakukeke wo tswala. Muxaka wa kondlo leri tivekaka swinene i kondlo ra le kaya le ri tolovelekeke ( ''Mus musculus'' ). Makondlo la ma ya kumeka ngopfu tanihi swifuwo swa le ndlwini, kambe a ti tsakeriwi ku fana ni switsotswana swin’wana . Etindhawini tin’wana, tinxaka to karhi ta Makondlo ya le nsin’wini ya tolovelekile endhawini yoleyo. Ya tiveka hi ku nghena emakaya leswaku ya ta kuma swakudya ni vutshamo. Hi ntolovelo Makondlo ya hambanisiwa na ti rats hi vukulu bya wona. Hi ntolovelo, loko ku tshuburiwa xitsotswana xa muroid, vito ra xona leri tolovelekeke ri katsa rito leri nge ''kondlo'' loko ri ri leritsongo, kumbe ''rat'' loko ri ri lerikulu. Marito lama tolovelekeke ya ''rat'' na ''mouse'' a ya kongomanga hi tlhelo ra taxonomically . Makondlo lama ya tolovelekeke ya hlayiwa eka muxaka wa ''Mus'', kambe rito ra kondlo ari pimiwi eka swirho swa ''Mus'' naswona ringa tlhela ri tirha eka tinxaka kusuka eka tinxaka tin’wana tofana na deer mouse ( ''Peromyscus'' ). Makondlo ya le kaya lama ya xavisiwaka tanihi swifuwo swa le ndlwini hakanyingi ya hambana swinene hi vukulu na kondlo leri tolovelekeke ra le kaya. Leswi swivangiwa hi kutswalana na swiyimo swohambana hambana enhoveni. Muxaka lowu tivekaka swinene wa kondlo i kondlo ro basa ra le lab . Yina swihlawulekisi leswi fanaka swinene, leswi endlaka leswaku makondlo yava pfuna swinene eka ndzavisiso. tu5e4d9kvnryp56yn3ggitw8xnxdjvr 0 8016 42054 2026-08-24T10:34:27Z NastyB innit 12496 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369866866|Ant]]" 42054 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vusokoti''' i switsotswana swa eusocial swa ndyangu wa '''Formicidae''' naswona, xikan’we na ti wasps leti fambelanaka na tinyoxi, ti wela eka ntlawa wa Hymenoptera . Vusokoti lebyi byi tumbuluke kusuka eka vakokwa wa swona eka vespoid wasp eka nkarhi wa Cretaceous. Ku tlula 13 800 wa tinxaka leti ringanyetiweke eka 22 000 ya ti hlamuseriwile. Ti tiveka hiku olova hi ti geniculate (elbowed) antennae ya tona xikan’we na xivumbeko xo hlawuleka xofana na node lexi endlaka mavele ya tona yo olova. Vusokoti byi endla ti colonies letingana vukulu kusuka eka khume nyana ya vanhu lava talaka ku tshama eka swivala leswintsongo [[Ntumbuluko|swa ntumbuluko]] kuya eka ti colonies leti hlelekeke swinene letinga teka tindzhawu letikulu leti tingana swisaka leswikulu (kumbe xisaka) leswi swi vumbiwaka hi timiliyoni ta vanhu. Eka swiyimo swin'wana ti fikelela madzhana ya timiliyoni ta vanhu eka tikholoni letikulu . Tikholoni leti tolovelekeke tina tinxaka tohambana hambana ta xisati letinga sterile, letinga riki na timpapa, leti hi vunyingi bya tona tinga vatirhi (ergates), xikan’we na masocha (dinergates) na mintlawa yin’wana yo hlawuleka. Kwalomu ka ti ant colonies hinkwato titlhela tina tin'wana ta xinuna leto noneke leti vuriwaka "drones" na yin'we kumbe kutlula ya xisati leyi nonoka leti vuriwaka " queens " ( gynes ). Ti colonies ti hlamuseriwa tani hi ti superorganisms hikuva vusokoti byi vonaka byi tirha tani hi nhlangano lowu hlanganeke, hiku hlangana byi tirha swin’we ku seketela koloni. Vusokoti byi endle tikoloni ta kwalomu ka tindhawu tin’wana ni tin’wana [[Misava|eMisaveni]] . Tindhawu leti pfumalaka vusokoti lebyi bya ndzhavuko ntsena i [[Antakthika|Antarctica]] na swihlala swi nga ri swingani swa le kule kumbe leswi nga riki na vaendzi. Vusokoti byi hanya kahle eka ti ecosystems leti byi tshakamaka ta tropical naswona tinga tlula biomass leyi hlanganisiweke ya swinyenyani swa nhova na swihadyani leswi mamisaka. Ku humelela ka tona eka tindhawu to tala swonghasi ku vangiwe hi nhlengeletano ka tona ya ntshamisano ni vuswikoti bya tona byo cinca tindhawu leti byi tshamaka eka tona, ku tirhisa switirhisiwa ni ku tisirhelela. Ku hundzuka ka tona nkarhi wo leha na tinxaka tin’wana swi endle leswaku ku va na vuxaka bya mimetic, commensal, parasitic, na mutualistic . chi46uvn02gd9xez96kb6z97wkpftqj 42055 42054 2026-08-24T10:34:57Z Quinlan83 8214 Fix 42055 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vusokoti''' i switsotswana swa eusocial swa ndyangu wa '''Formicidae''' naswona, xikan’we na ti wasps leti fambelanaka na tinyoxi, ti wela eka ntlawa wa Hymenoptera . Vusokoti lebyi byi tumbuluke kusuka eka vakokwa wa swona eka vespoid wasp eka nkarhi wa Cretaceous. Ku tlula 13 800 wa tinxaka leti ringanyetiweke eka 22 000 ya ti hlamuseriwile. Ti tiveka hiku olova hi ti geniculate (elbowed) antennae ya tona xikan’we na xivumbeko xo hlawuleka xofana na node lexi endlaka mavele ya tona yo olova. Vusokoti byi endla ti colonies letingana vukulu kusuka eka khume nyana ya vanhu lava talaka ku tshama eka swivala leswintsongo [[Ntumbuluko|swa ntumbuluko]] kuya eka ti colonies leti hlelekeke swinene letinga teka tindzhawu letikulu leti tingana swisaka leswikulu (kumbe xisaka) leswi swi vumbiwaka hi timiliyoni ta vanhu. Eka swiyimo swin'wana ti fikelela madzhana ya timiliyoni ta vanhu eka tikholoni letikulu . Tikholoni leti tolovelekeke tina tinxaka tohambana hambana ta xisati letinga sterile, letinga riki na timpapa, leti hi vunyingi bya tona tinga vatirhi (ergates), xikan’we na masocha (dinergates) na mintlawa yin’wana yo hlawuleka. Kwalomu ka ti ant colonies hinkwato titlhela tina tin'wana ta xinuna leto noneke leti vuriwaka "drones" na yin'we kumbe kutlula ya xisati leyi nonoka leti vuriwaka " queens " ( gynes ). Ti colonies ti hlamuseriwa tani hi ti superorganisms hikuva vusokoti byi vonaka byi tirha tani hi nhlangano lowu hlanganeke, hiku hlangana byi tirha swin’we ku seketela koloni. Vusokoti byi endle tikoloni ta kwalomu ka tindhawu tin’wana ni tin’wana [[Misava|eMisaveni]] . Tindhawu leti pfumalaka vusokoti lebyi bya ndzhavuko ntsena i [[Antakthika|Antarctica]] na swihlala swi nga ri swingani swa le kule kumbe leswi nga riki na vaendzi. Vusokoti byi hanya kahle eka ti ecosystems leti byi tshakamaka ta tropical naswona tinga tlula biomass leyi hlanganisiweke ya swinyenyani swa nhova na swihadyani leswi mamisaka. Ku humelela ka tona eka tindhawu to tala swonghasi ku vangiwe hi nhlengeletano ka tona ya ntshamisano ni vuswikoti bya tona byo cinca tindhawu leti byi tshamaka eka tona, ku tirhisa switirhisiwa ni ku tisirhelela. Ku hundzuka ka tona nkarhi wo leha na tinxaka tin’wana swi endle leswaku ku va na vuxaka bya mimetic, commensal, parasitic, na mutualistic . 0nl1x8dvc4lnpej20kqswnagfv3r87a